PMID- 3234130 TI - [Health conditions and the development of mandibular injuries in workers at a yellow phosphorus factory]. PMID- 3234131 TI - [Preliminary study on the activity of natural killer cells in patients with Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 3234132 TI - [A preliminary study on the occlusal curvature and its expression]. PMID- 3234133 TI - [An extended labio-bucco-lingual flange complete denture]. PMID- 3234134 TI - [A study on the function and denture base strength of a complete upper denture]. PMID- 3234135 TI - [The evaluation of centric occlusion of a complete denture by mandibular kinesiography (MCK)]. PMID- 3234136 TI - [The experience of difficult cases of complete upper denture]. PMID- 3234137 TI - [Roentgenographic study of Bennett movement]. PMID- 3234138 TI - [Discussion on the reference plane of inclination of condylar guidance]. PMID- 3234139 TI - [Comprehensive studies on occlusion, electromyography and radiography in cases with temporomandibular sounds]. PMID- 3234140 TI - [Genetic factors in recurrent aphthous ulceration: an analysis of chromosome structure in the parents and offspring of patients]. PMID- 3234141 TI - [Results of calf cartilage grafted in the human body]. PMID- 3234142 TI - [Analysis of human enamel proteins at various ages]. PMID- 3234143 TI - [Twin study of gene-environment interaction in the development of dento-alveolar traits]. PMID- 3234144 TI - [Electronic root canal measurement and its principle]. PMID- 3234145 TI - [Desmoplastic fibroma of the jaws]. PMID- 3234146 TI - [Histologic changes in the donor area of the mandible]. PMID- 3234147 TI - [A study on speech disorders in acute cerebrovascular disease]. PMID- 3234148 TI - [A study on verbal fluency in patients with cerebral infarction]. PMID- 3234149 TI - [Transcortical sensory aphasia]. PMID- 3234150 TI - [A study of memory disorder in patients with cerebral infarction]. PMID- 3234151 TI - [Amnesia due to a left-sided thalamic hematoma]. PMID- 3234152 TI - [Memory impairment and its recovery in patients with intracranial hematoma after closed head injury]. PMID- 3234153 TI - [An assessment of the content of copper, zinc, calcium and magnesium in the hair of schizophrenics]. PMID- 3234154 TI - [Social support and mental illness]. PMID- 3234155 TI - [A clinical analysis of 36 cases of senile and presenile dementia]. PMID- 3234156 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of clozapine]. PMID- 3234157 TI - [Relation of plasma levels and clinical response to amitriptyline in treating endogenous depression]. PMID- 3234158 TI - [Rapid identification of poisoning by psychotropic drugs in common use]. PMID- 3234159 TI - [The use of carbamazepine in mental diseases]. PMID- 3234160 TI - [The effects of insulin coma on rat brain monoamine receptors]. PMID- 3234161 TI - [Dynamic changes in the EEG after oral administration of haloperidol in 4 normal individuals]. PMID- 3234162 TI - [Effect of thioridazine and chlorpromazine on the ECG and serum potassium level- ECG of the glucose load in 40 cases]. PMID- 3234163 TI - [A double-blind controlled study of the efficacy and side effects of thioridazine and chlorpromazine in schizophrenia]. PMID- 3234164 TI - [Study on urine infectivity of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and chronic hepatitis B patients]. PMID- 3234165 TI - [Simultaneous administration of hepatitis B vaccine and BCG]. PMID- 3234166 TI - [The relationship between serums HBVDNA and the titers of HBsAg and HBeAg in the HBsAg-positive pregnant women]. PMID- 3234167 TI - [The intensity and the effective factors of ultraviolet in Shenyang]. PMID- 3234168 TI - [Grading of air quality indexes and its application]. PMID- 3234169 TI - [Studies on toxicokinetics of 14C-Yekuling in rats after intratracheal injection]. PMID- 3234170 TI - [Experimental studies on the acute and chronic combined action of arsenic and fluoride]. PMID- 3234171 TI - [Measurement and analysis of driver's reaction time]. PMID- 3234172 TI - [Effects of mild iron-deficiency anemia on children's short-term memory and intelligence quotient]. PMID- 3234173 TI - [A report of 25 cases of deteriorated tremella poisoning]. PMID- 3234174 TI - Research and clinical frontiers in diabetes. Proceedings of a symposium. St. Louis, Missouri, 2-4 November 1987. PMID- 3234175 TI - Obesity and diabetes. PMID- 3234176 TI - The human thyrotropin beta-subunit gene differs in 5' structure from murine TSH beta genes. AB - The gene encoding the beta-subunit of human thyrotropin (hTSH-beta) was isolated, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The gene is 4.3 kb in length, consists of three exons and two introns, and is present as a single copy as determined by Southern blot analysis of total genomic DNA. The protein coding portion of the gene, which includes exons 2 and 3, was isolated from a human genomic phage library, while exon 1, which encodes only 5' untranslated mRNA sequence, was isolated from a plasmid library of size-selected genomic DNA fragments. Here we describe the isolation of the 5' untranslated exon of the hTSH beta subunit and 5'-flanking region. The structure of the hTSH-beta gene is very similar to the previously characterized TSH-beta genes from mouse and rat. The genes from all three species have two distinct promoter regions, but while both promoters are utilized by the murine TSH-beta genes, the human TSH-beta gene apparently utilizes only the proximal promoter for transcription initiation. A striking difference in hTSH-beta gene structure compared to the murine genes is that exon 1 of the human gene is 36 nucleotides. An analysis of the mouse, rat, and human exon 1 and 5'-flanking region shows a high percentage of sequence homology, with the exception of a 9-nucleotide insertion 13 bases 3' from the proximal TATA box found in the human gene but not found in the other two species. We propose that this insertion results in the additional length of human exon 1 compared to the mouse and rat genes. By isolating the promoter region of the hTSH beta gene, we can begin to identify specific sequences involved in the regulation of hTSH gene expression. PMID- 3234177 TI - Cloning, characterization, and sequence of a porcine cDNA encoding a secreted neuronal and endocrine protein. AB - This report describes the cloning, sequence, and characterization of a cDNA which encodes a protein synthesized in the brain and endocrine tissue, including pituitary, adrenal medulla, and ovary. The deduced 207-amino-acid sequence of the 23-kD protein contains a hydrophobic signal peptide suggesting that it is secreted. Northern blot analysis utilizing the cDNA clone identifies a single RNA of approximately 1400 nucleotides in porcine brain, adrenal medulla, pituitary, and ovary, as well as in human endocrine tumors. Very high levels of RNA were observed in one human pancreatic tumor. Southern blot analysis suggests that sequences homologous to the porcine cDNA are present in human, cow, rat, and salmon DNA, indicating that the gene(s) have been highly conserved during evolution. PMID- 3234178 TI - Asialoglycoprotein receptor genes are linked on chromosome 11 in the mouse. AB - The asialoglycoprotein receptor on the hepatocyte plasma membrane recognizes galactose-terminated glycoproteins and internalizes them for subsequent degradation in lysosomes. The rat receptor, also known as rat hepatic lectin (RHL), is comprised of three protein subunits called RHL-1, RHL-2, and RHL-3; two genes code for RHL-1 and RHL-2/3, respectively. We have cloned and sequenced the gene for RHL-2/3, and demonstrated that homologous asialoglycoprotein receptor genes exist in the mouse genome. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that receptor subunits exhibit the same temporal expression during development and function in a coordinate manner. This study asks if mouse receptor genes are linked and thus could possibly respond to shared cis-acting regulatory elements. Using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and recombinant inbred lines, we mapped two closely linked mouse hepatic lectin (MHL) genes to chromosome 11. Asgr is designated to name asialoglycoprotein gene loci. Coordinate regulation of this linked gene family is discussed. PMID- 3234179 TI - lambda PMV: a bacteriophage vector allowing single-step retrieval of cDNAs following expression in mammalian cells. AB - A general strategy has been developed for expression and rescue of cDNAs in mammalian cells. cDNA libraries are constructed in a new phage vector, lambda PMV, which contains simian virus 40 (SV40) early region promoter sequences for transcription of cDNA inserts, as well as a dominant-acting selectable marker neo. Efficient transfer of the cDNA library to mammalian cells can be achieved by phage particle-mediated transfection. Following selection in the antibiotic G418, cells expressing the phenotype of interest are identified and isolated. Rapid recovery of the transfected cDNA is achieved through cell fusion of the transduced cells with COS cells. Replication at the SV40 origin promotes excision of the integrated cDNA as small circular DNA, which after isolation in this form is used to transform bacteria to ampicillin resistance. To test this strategy, a cDNA encoding the human lymphocyte differentiation antigen CD8 was inserted into lambda PMV. CD8 expression on the surface of mouse L cells and the efficient recovery of full-length CD8 cDNA inserts confirm the feasibility of this system. It is anticipated that the single-step screening of libraries constructed in lambda PMV will allow for the isolation of rare cDNAs and will prove less laborious than methods currently available. PMID- 3234180 TI - Some aspects of cataract morphology: a SEM-study. AB - Two lenses from patients of very advanced age with senile cataracts were processed for SEM, fractured equatorially, sputtered with Au and examined by SEM. In the cross-fracture various areas could be observed. Although the overall structure of the lens-fibres appeared to be intact, higher magnifications showed that the len-fibre material had changed into a brittle structure, with either a granular appearance or a fibrillar character. At other places clearly recrystallization of lens-fibre proteins had taken place, with the formation of finger-like substructures, sometimes organized into plate-like structures or running parallel to each other in a kind of undulating pattern. Between the various areas of chemically changed lens-fibre material certain 'canal-like' areas were found with cellular structures, the so-called 'waterclefts' or 'Wasserspalten'. Structures which, together with the chemical change in the lens proteins, account for the dramatic change in light dispersion. PMID- 3234181 TI - Soemmering's ring, an aspect of secondary cataract: a morphological description by SEM. AB - A Soemmering's ring attached to a patient's I.O.L. was removed and processed for SEM-examination. The enveloping structure of the Soemmering's ring was clearly of capsular origin, adherent along a single line and forming an envelope around the inner material. The envelope had a membranous character. The contents of the ring varied from the outside to the centre. Close to the capsule envelope a more or less amorphous material was found. Most of the contents of the ring was made up of lens-fibre material. Sometimes clear lens fibres were visible with densely packed lens-fibre proteins, sometimes with clusters of recrystallized proteins, rod-shaped or spherical, surrounded by what appeared to be amorphous material. The recrystallized and the amorphous lens-fibre material are similar to material found in cataractous lenses. PMID- 3234182 TI - PUVA therapy and the lens reconsidered. AB - On the basis of animal experiments there appears to be a theoretical chance that lens changes will occur in patients receiving PUVA treatment. In the published studies the incidence of lens changes in patients treated with PUVA is very low. In this study changes were observed both during PUVA treatment and during a long follow-up period. The absence of typical lens changes in patients aged 55 years and older is remarkable. A possible relationship between these findings and information obtained by experiment is discussed. PMID- 3234183 TI - Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy: a nosologic entity? AB - A new case of pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy is described. Besides the characteristic fundus picture, this 21-year-old male showed a remarkable difference in retinal function between the two eyes, the function of the left eye being much more impaired. This might suggest a progressive condition, in which the right eye lags behind. In addition this patient had a vitreoretinal degeneration resulting in five peripheral retinal tears in the right eye. PMID- 3234184 TI - X-linked cone dystrophy. AB - A description is given of a new family with X-linked cone dystrophy. A survey is also given of the findings in X-linked cone dystrophy. When an eye specialist sees a male patient with myopia and reduced visual acuity, the cause of which is not clear from the fundus picture, an X-linked cone dystrophy should be considered. Electrophysiological examination, combined with detailed testing of colour vision, can provide an explanation of the poor vision which satisfies both the patient and the ophthalmologist. PMID- 3234185 TI - Measuring oscillatory potential during the course of an arterial occlusion: a method based on Fourier analysis. AB - Recently we developed a quantitative method of measuring the Oscillatory Potentials (OP's) for a clinical study in diabetic patients. Several problems were experienced in interpreting the results obtained with digital filtering. The main dilemma was the separation of the first OP from the a-wave, since their frequencies are within the same range. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) was applied for this purpose. From the FFT response the power of the OP's was calculated and expressed in microwatts. The advantage of this method is clearly demonstrated in the case of a patient with central retinal arterial occlusion. PMID- 3234186 TI - Transconjunctival reopening of an occluded filtration fistula with the Q-switched neodymium-YAG laser. AB - The Q-switched neodymium-YAG laser was used via a transconjunctival approach to reopen a failed filtering bleb, 6 weeks after a primarily successful trabeculectomy had failed. One day after treatment, the intraocular pressure had decreased from 34 mm Hg to 17 mm Hg, and a conjunctival bleb had reformed. PMID- 3234187 TI - Prevention of IOP-rise following Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy with topical timolol and indomethacin. AB - Short term observation following Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy indicates that serious elevation of intra-ocular pressure may occur, unrelated to the amount of incident energy used. In this study we evaluated the effect of pre-treatment with anti prostaglandin eyedrops on the rise in IOP. The IOP in forty pseudophakic patients, undergoing Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy, was measured before capsulotomy and 2 and 4 hours afterwards. The fellow-eye was used as a control. Thirty minutes pre-operatively the patients were given one of the four following combinations of eyedrops: 1 drop timolol 0.5% and 1 drop placebo, 1 drop indomethacin 1% and 1 drop placebo, 1 drop timolol 0.5% and 1 drop indomethacin 1%, 1 drop placebo and 1 drop placebo. Statistical analysis of the results showed that indomethacin alone has little influence on the IOP-rise, whereas timolol has. When indomethacin is added to timolol there is no significant enhancement. PMID- 3234188 TI - Physiological suppression demonstrated with the Aulhorn PDH. AB - Physiological suppression was studied in 25 subjects using the Aulhorn phase difference haploscope (PDH). To control fixation the eye movements were registered by means of an infra-red reflection technique. PMID- 3234189 TI - Fusional vergence in microstrabismus. AB - The fusional vergence velocity was studied in microstrabismus and in normal persons. In microstrabismus the system works less precisely in that small changes in disparity produce no response, while it is possible that the difference between the amplitude of the stimulus and the amplitude of the response is greater. PMID- 3234190 TI - The length-tension diagrams of human oblique muscles in trochlear palsy and strabismus sursoadductorius. AB - We determined the relation between length and tension in detached oblique muscles of 16 strabismus patients that underwent surgery, before and during contraction evoked by intravenous administration of succinylcholine. We frequently found a nonlinear relation between length and tension, unlike our previous findings in recti. In superior oblique palsies, the superior oblique was found, before injection of succinylcholine, to be stiff after elongation, and did not contract after injection of succinylcholine, while the ipsilateral inferior oblique contract after injection of succinylcholine, but with a higher spring constant than did usual. In 3 cases the superior oblique contracted vividly after administration of succinylcholine despite the presence of excyclotropia, stereopsis, torticollis (2 cases) and a hypertropia that increased in adduction, in downgaze, in adduction-and-downgaze and on ipsilateral head-tilt. The finding of a vividly contracting superior oblique is incompatible with the diagnosis of a complete superior oblique palsy. We conclude that some of the cases diagnosed as congenital superior oblique palsy, having a hypertropia increasing in adduction, in downgaze, in adduction-and-downgaze and on ipsilateral head-tilt, are in fact cases of unilateral strabismus sursoadductorius (upshoot in adduction), a non paretic motility disorder. PMID- 3234191 TI - Diplopia after retinal detachment surgery. AB - In the Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre with an annual rate of 200 retinal detachment procedures, about the same incidence (4.5%) of diplopia after detachment surgery was found as by Fison and Chignell (1987). In 13 out of 18 patients with diplopia (sent for orthoptic evaluation between 01.01.1986 and 31.12.1987) double vision could be eliminated by various ways: orthophorization with or without temporary prismatic therapy was seen in 3 patients; a compensatory head posture eliminated diplopia in two cases, and prisms were effective in 4 cases (one of them had additional squint surgery). In 4 patients strabismus surgery alone restored binocular single vision. Binocular single vision was not restored in 5 cases. PMID- 3234192 TI - Correlation between NMR scans of extraocular muscles and clinical symptoms in Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - In an NMR study of the orbits of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy a high degree of correlation was found between the severity of the clinical picture and the relative increase in muscular volume in the retrobulbar space. PMID- 3234193 TI - Early symptoms of subarachnoid haemorrhage due to aneurysms of the posterior communicating artery. AB - Ninety patients were studied who had been admitted to Dijkzigt Hospital in Rotterdam between January 1980 and April 1987 with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) due to an aneurysm at or near the junction of the internal carotid artery with the posterior communicating artery (IC-PC). An evaluation was made of the early neuro-opthalmological symptoms and the mortality in patients with paresis of the oculomotor nerve (N.III). The importance of early recognition of the condition is emphasized and a prospective investigation of the early symptoms of SAH in ophthalmological practices in the Netherlands is proposed. PMID- 3234194 TI - On the poor legibility of the captions in musea. AB - In the museum world, designers in general hardly take into account the legitimate wishes of elderly visitors, whose visual acuity is often less than optimal, with regard to the legibility of the captions by paintings or in show-cases. The conditions necessary for letter and word recognition, the influence of illumination, contrast and colour are discussed. Test-cards for use in musea, and the recruiting of a representative test-group of senior citizens, are recommended. PMID- 3234195 TI - Hair protein glycation as a long-term index of blood glucose in diabetics. AB - We used furosine, which is derived from fructose-lysine and is a glycation product, to measure the extent of hair protein glycation in diabetic patients. We took hair samples that were 12 cm long, corresponding roughly to 1 year's growth. While the furosine levels in these samples correlated poorly with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels at the time of sampling, better correlations were observed between glycation and the year-long average values of FPG, HbA1c, and the conduction velocities in two peripheral nerves. The glycation levels in these samples may thus reflect the year-long average of the patient's blood glucose. Hair glycation may serve as a valuable indicator both of long-term blood glucose trends and of the relationship between diabetic complications and blood glucose. PMID- 3234196 TI - [Isolation and structural characteristics of cDNA coding for alpha-tubulin from the squid lens]. PMID- 3234197 TI - [The role of beta-glucuronidase in the activation of pheromone disrupting spermatogenesis in laboratory mice: evolution of the chemical signaling system in vertebrates]. PMID- 3234198 TI - [Increase in the longevity and decrease in the tumor incidence in mice given polypeptide thymus and epiphysis factors at different age]. PMID- 3234199 TI - [Interval-dependent changes in neuron excitation as a basis of the interval selective functional relations in the central nervous system]. PMID- 3234200 TI - [Thermovisualization of the hemisphere asymmetry in the animal brain]. PMID- 3234201 TI - [Effect of antisera against enolase isoenzymes on ethanol consumption during stress in rats]. PMID- 3234202 TI - ["Age structure" of the hematopoietic stem cells in mice: expression of cellular oncogenes]. PMID- 3234203 TI - [Estimating the optimum dose of antineoplastic agents based on the level of DNA damage in human blood leukocytes in vitro]. PMID- 3234204 TI - [Photohemolysis sensitized by psoralen. Paradoxical dependence on light intensity]. PMID- 3234205 TI - [Characteristics of the postnatal proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium cells in the Syrian hamster (Cricetus auratus)]. PMID- 3234206 TI - [Primary structure of the genome of present-day Hong Kong-like strains of influenza viruses A/H3N2]. PMID- 3234207 TI - [Radioimmunoscintillation assay (RISA). A new one-step non-separation method for radioimmunological analysis of biologically active substances]. PMID- 3234208 TI - [Characteristics of serum factor in schizophrenia]. PMID- 3234209 TI - [Pseudocapsular liquid crystals of nucleic acids]. PMID- 3234210 TI - [Dynamics of intracellular pH in the cell cycle of monolayer cultures]. PMID- 3234211 TI - [Endocytosis inducers markedly enhance fusion of myoblasts]. PMID- 3234212 TI - [The relation of hypotensive effects of nifedipine and clonidine and changes in platelet-free calcium and serum-free calcium in essential hypertension]. PMID- 3234213 TI - [Factors affecting left ventricular diastolic function in essential hypertension]. PMID- 3234214 TI - [Serum and urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity and its clinical significance in patients with essential and renal hypertension]. PMID- 3234215 TI - [Risk factors in hypertensive farmers in Yu county of Shanxi Province]. PMID- 3234216 TI - [Evaluating pulmonary hypertension by pulse Doppler]. PMID- 3234217 TI - [Long-term follow-up of left ventricular function with a nuclear cardiac probe in patients with coronary artery disease]. PMID- 3234218 TI - [A study of magnesium in the plasma, red blood cells and urine in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3234219 TI - [Multiplane 2D-echocardiograms of the coronary arteries in Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 3234220 TI - [Ablation of atherosclerotic plaque using an argon ion laser]. PMID- 3234221 TI - [Culture and morphologic study of endothelial cells of the human umbilical vein]. PMID- 3234222 TI - [Erythrocyte morphology and membrane mobility in patients with hypercholesterolemia]. PMID- 3234223 TI - Effect of alcohol content on beer consumption by rats. AB - Three brands of beer of varying alcohol content were presented to separate groups of male rats. The consumption data indicated, firstly, an inverse relationship between acceptability of the beer and its alcohol content. The data also indicated that the acceptability of full-strength beer could be augmented by prior exposure to low-alcohol and alcohol-free beer. The results are discussed with reference to orosensory- and inebriation-based models of alcohol consumption. PMID- 3234224 TI - Generalist health and welfare workers' response to alcohol related problems: role legitimacy and the need for role-support, an example from an Australian rural community. AB - In relating measures of therapeutic commitment (TC) in a sample of Australian rural town generalist health and welfare workers to their urban counterparts (modelled on Cartwright's study) it was confirmed that the former lacked the knowledge, training and support required to function as effective interventionists in alcohol related problems. Rural generalists were worse off than urban generalists when it came to gaining greater access to the variables that predict a positive TC. PMID- 3234225 TI - An increase of collagen biosynthesis precedes other symptoms of ethanol-induced liver damage in rats. AB - Treatment of rats with 10% ethanol for 6 months induced a 3-4-fold increase of [3H]proline incorporation into liver collagen and enhanced the level of prolyl hydroxylase activity in liver and serum of intoxicated rats. Several diagnostic tests used to assess liver disease failed to demonstrate any symptom of liver damage. Therefore, increased collagen biosynthesis appears to precede other symptoms of liver damage induced by ethanol. PMID- 3234226 TI - Total acidity, pH and ethanol contents in illicit liquor (Indian home made brew). AB - 'Home made brew' (illicit liquor) is often consumed in rural areas of India. Forty-six such alcohol samples were collected from different areas to assess total acidity, pH and ethanol content. The mean ethanol content was 16.47% (v/v) (range 1.11-36.88%). Total acidity ranged between 0.56 and 10.88 with the mean of 2.85 g of sodium hydroxide/l. The mean pH was 4.20 (range 2.70-9.41). PMID- 3234227 TI - Changes in locomotor-activity patterns as a measure of spontaneous morphine withdrawal: no effect of clonidine. AB - The anti-withdrawal action of clonidine was studied in a model of spontaneous morphine withdrawal in rats. After withdrawal the behaviour of the animals was registered continuously for several days. In the initial phase of induction of dependence the locomotor activity was enhanced during daytime. Partial tolerance to this increase developed in the course of 3 weeks. In morphine withdrawn animals the activity decreased strongly at night, and this effect was maximal on the second night after removal of morphine. After four nights the nightly activity was restored. Treatment with clonidine (100 micrograms/kg s.c. twice daily) changed neither the observed decrease in nightly locomotor activity nor other withdrawal symptoms such as a decrease in food intake and loss of body weight. In non-dependent animals clonidine induced a biphasic effect in locomotor activity, i.e. a decrease in the first few hours of the night and an increase in the second part of the night. The latter can be interpreted as a rebound phenomenon occurring after only three injections. It was concluded that clonidine was not effective as an anti-withdrawal compound in a model for spontaneous morphine abstinence. The low incidence of symptoms relating to a hyperactive sympathetic system during spontaneous withdrawal may be an explanation for the absence of an effect of clonidine. PMID- 3234228 TI - Employment, stressful life events and the development of alcohol dependence. AB - Features of employment structures and occupational environments are considered to increase risk of alcohol dependence amongst both males and females, although the mechanisms whereby this operates are not clearly understood. The present retrospective case-control study examined the way in which factors related to employment and occupation facilitated the development of alcohol dependence following the occurrence of a stressful life event. Results showed that for males, there were certain occupational risk factors that were conducive to the development of alcohol dependence, and that risk was especially high for those working in such occupations who experienced a stressful event. For females, there was some evidence to suggest that full-time employment increased risk of alcohol dependence, at least for married women. It is suggested that, in order to better understand the factors of employment conducive to the development of female alcohol dependence, measures focussed specifically on work environments, such as those used in the present study of males should be developed. PMID- 3234229 TI - Antioxidant and free radical-scavenging enzymes in chronically ethanol-consuming rats: controversy over hepatic lipid peroxidation. AB - In rats given ethanol 20% (v/v) in drinking water the hepatic antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase were assayed at the end of 4 and 10 months of ethanol consumption. Simultaneously hepatic lipid peroxidation was monitored. At 4 months SOD and catalase were unaffected, while glutathione peroxidase was decreased by 48%. By the end of 10 months SOD had declined by 16% and glutathione peroxidase activity increased by 49%, while catalase again remained stable. However, hepatic lipid peroxidation was not significantly affected throughout the study. The controversy in the literature over the conflicting results of hepatic lipid peroxidation in chronically ethanol-fed rats is discussed in the light of mode, dose, duration of ethanol consumption, nutritional status of the rat, and primacy of glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 3234230 TI - Immunoheterogeneity of serum calcitonin in heroin addicts. AB - Serum calcitonin (CT) concentrations were determined in 96 heroin addicts. CT levels were assayed by radioimmunological method employing two antisera, one vs. the 17-32 fraction (IMN) of the human CT, the other vs. the 11-32 fraction (B7). In heroin addicts the CT mean values were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than in normal subjects (141 +/- 16.0 and 292 +/- 21.7 pg/ml with IMN antiserum and with B7-antiserum, respectively, in heroin addicts; 64 +/- 7.8 and 189 +/- 21.7 pg/ml in controls). Serum CT levels assayed with B7-antiserum were notably higher (P less than 0.001) both in controls and in heroin addicts. Our results draw attention to the heterogeneity of high ICT values found in heroin addicts. PMID- 3234231 TI - Evaluation of marrow cellularity in alcoholism and hepatic cirrhosis, by aspiration, biopsy and histomorphometric. AB - A study of bone marrow cell content was carried out in 23 non-cirrhotic alcoholics, 20 cirrhotic alcoholics and 19 cirrhotic non-alcoholics compared with a control group of 12 healthy subjects, by means of sternal aspiration and bone marrow biopsy with histomorphometric quantification of fat in the latter. Although in the three pathological groups the mean values of fat area were superior to those of the control group, the only statistical differences found were between non-alcoholic cirrhotic and control subjects. The differences disappeared under covariance analysis with age as the correcting factor, showing a correlation between age and bone marrow fat content. To conclude from the biopsy the bone marrow of the cirrhotic is not hypercellular, contrary to the so far accepted findings obtained through sternal aspiration. Moreover, between the subjective global cellularity evaluation by biopsy and aspiration there was an important disagreement in 23.8% and an absolute agreement only 28.6% of cases. The non-existence of a linear correlation between fat content in bone marrow and liver, suggests that the two phenomena do not develop simultaneously. PMID- 3234232 TI - Drug use among alcoholism detoxification patients: prevalence and impact on alcoholism treatment. AB - We collected urine specimens for toxicology from 266 patients consecutively admitted for alcoholism detoxification. We compared these results to patient's self reports of drug use and attempted to determine whether drug use adversely impacted the course of alcoholism treatment. PMID- 3234233 TI - The relationship between alcohol intoxication and power in real-life non alcoholic couples. AB - Thirty real life couples were randomly assigned to one of three groups, a control group, a men drink group (only men drinking alcohol), or a women drink group (only women drinking alcohol). The purpose was to test whether alcohol intoxication leads to shifts in power among men and women using an estimation task together with a measure of power fantasies. Men were more powerful in terms of outcome both in the control group and the women drink group, but women became more powerful when men drink. Responsibility aspects of the process follow this pattern and the process becomes more complex when women drink. Men over-estimate their influence especially as far as process is concerned. Power fantasies decrease for both men and women only when women drink. It is suggested that sex role stereotyping can explain the findings. PMID- 3234234 TI - Alcohol, sex and risks of HIV infection. AB - A complex association between alcohol consumption and sexual behaviour has long since been established. During 1985 a survey of 335 young adults was conducted in South East Scotland. Information was elicited about sexual behaviour, alcohol and other psychoactive drug use. The results indicate that amongst both males and females, age of first sexual intercourse was positively associated with age of first alcohol use, as well as with current use of tobacco and illicit drugs. Respondents who had consumed alcohol immediately prior to first sexual intercourse were markedly less likely than others to have used condoms or other forms of contraception. It is concluded that the use of alcohol and other drugs has clear relevance to unprotected sexual activities and the spread of HIV infection. Future health education should give due weight to this connection. PMID- 3234235 TI - Changes in sulfhydryl compounds in plasma, liver and brain after acute and chronic acetaldehyde administration in rats. AB - The content of sulfhydryl compounds in proteins and non-proteins of plasma, liver and brain after acute and chronic administration of acetaldehyde (ACH) was investigated in rats. After ACH 1.5% w/v ingestion for 1 and 4 weeks (0.3 ml/kg) daily, proteins and non-proteins in plasma and liver were decreased significantly. After acute ACH administration SH-groups in brain proteins were not significantly decreased, but in the brain non-proteins these groups were increased significantly. PMID- 3234236 TI - Ethanol and Ro 15-4513: behaviour maintained by operant procedures (DRL-72s and PTZ-drug discrimination) in rats. AB - The proposed amethystic imidazobenzodiazepine Ro 15-4513 and ethanol (ETOH) were examined in rats using two operant procedures, differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL), and drug discrimination learning (DDL). In the first bar-pressing responses occurring 72 s or longer after the last reinforcement were rewarded; responses occurring earlier reset the time schedule. In the latter, animals were trained to discriminate between the effects of the analeptic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and the non-drug condition; the schedule of reinforcement was FR-10. Water was the reinforcer. A dose of 1000 mg/kg ETOH decreased the rate of bar pressing in the DRL experiment; doses of 300 and 560 mg/kg ETOH did not. The decrease was not attenuated by Ro 15-4513. No significant deviations from baseline responding occurred with Ro 15-4513 (1, 3 10 mg/kg). The number of reinforcements increased significantly after ETOH (1000 mg/kg), but not after Ro 15-4513. Combinations of the two agents produced increases in the number of reinforcements. Changes in DRL behaviour induced by diazepam (1 and 10 mg/kg) were normalized by 3 mg/kg Ro 15-4513. In DDL, Ro 15-4513 (10 mg/kg) substituted for PTZ; ETOH did not. Diazepam and Ro 15-1788 attenuated the response generalization from Ro 15-4513 to PTZ; ETOH did not. There was a dose-related increase in the time to complete the DDL tests after ETOH treatment; addition of Ro 15-4513 increased the time further. In conclusion, antagonism between Ro 15 4513 and ETOH did not occur in the present studies; data are furthermore consistent with the view that Ro 15-4513 acts as a partial inverse benzodiazepine agonist. PMID- 3234237 TI - Effect of nimodipine on drinking behavior measured in the runway: comparison and interaction with (+/-)-amphetamine. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of the calcium channel blocker (CCE), nimodipine (NIM), to interact with (+/-)-amphetamine (AMPH) in modifying ingestive behavior. Rats performed in a water-reinforced runway paradigm with multiple trials. Water was available in sufficient quantity to produce satiety under control conditions as measured by a decline in response rate over the session. NIM and AMPH, given alone, did not produce significant effects on performance but produced behavioral changes when administered in combination. In particular, the combination of the highest doses (13 mg/kg i.p. NIM plus 0.56 mg/kg i.p. AMPH) initially depressed both running and drinking, whereas in later trials it increased running rate, without producing a parallel increase in water intake. These results suggest that NIM enhances AMPH-produced inhibition of drinking, whereas it first depresses and then enhances the AMPH mediated runway performance, suggesting the rate dependency of this latter effect. PMID- 3234238 TI - Effects of acute doses of ethanol administered at pre-implantation stages on fetal development in the mouse. AB - The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of maternal administration of acute doses of alcohol at preimplantation stages of pregnancy on the fetus and fetal membranes. Single doses of 0.02 ml and 0.03 ml/g body wt. of 25% v/v of absolute alcohol in saline were administered to groups of MF1 mice on one of days 1-6 of gestation. Controls were either pair-fed and pair-watered or saline-treated. Fetuses and placentae were collected on day 15. Resorption and fetal death were increased in most of the alcohol treatment groups. The reduction in fetal body weight was significant in the 0.03 ml group. Compared to the saline controls, most experimental groups exhibited a rise in placental weight. The reduction in cord length was significant in comparison to untreated controls. Craniofacial and systemic abnormalities appeared to correlate with retardation of fetal growth. Hence, following treatment of 0.03 ml/g body wt. of alcohol solution on days 2 and 6, fetuses were collected on days 14, 16 and 18. Most fetuses were found to recover gradually from anomalies associated with growth retardation but the 'catch up' growth was not adequate enough to compensate for the reduction in body weight. These observations indicate that the pre implantation stage of mouse embryo development is susceptible to the deleterious effects (fetal death and intrauterine growth retardation) of acute doses of alcohol. PMID- 3234239 TI - Repeated intranasal cocaine administration: lack of tolerance to pressor effects. AB - Three healthy adult male volunteers were allowed to self-administer 96 mg or 4 mg (a dose without measurable effects) of inhaled cocaine approximately once every 35 min during experimental sessions lasting up to 6 h. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure and self-report of drug effects were measured. After inhaling, on average, four doses of 4 mg, subjects voluntarily ended the session. Five out of the six sessions of 96 mg cocaine availability, however, were terminated due to consistent elevated diastolic blood pressure (DP), rather than by subject request. During 96 mg sessions, HR and self-report data either rapidly reached an asymptote or showed a slow rate of increase. Blood pressure, on the other hand, increased throughout the session, generally to the point where the session had to be terminated. These findings suggest the possibility that the rate of development of tolerance to the effects of cocaine may vary as a function of the dependent variable. In addition, the consistent increase in pressor effects may well be a mechanism for the increased cardiovascular toxicity reported for cocaine abusers. PMID- 3234240 TI - Locus of control in couples with different patterns of alcohol consumption. AB - A sample of 175 individuals were interviewed and divided in three subgroups of couples: (1) the husband was in an Anonymous Alcoholics program, (2) the husband had been diagnosed as alcoholic and (3) the husband had a regular pattern of high alcohol consumption. In personal interviews by specialized personnel the following instruments were used: the Internal-External (I-E) Locus of control scale; the Health Dailing Living (HDL) questionnaire about alcohol-related problems and patterns. The results showed a trend towards internal locus of control in both spouses for the three subgroups. Nevertheless, there is evidence of a higher internal locus in husbands and wives with regular but light alcohol consumption. As has been reported elsewhere alcohol users who had less problems in their functioning have no problems due to their alcohol use pattern. In order to know to a fuller extent the meaning of internality, a factorial analysis was applied to the I-E scale, obtaining four factors: social system control, personal failure, fatalism and personal attainment. The latter three were more capable to differentiate between the samples with different alcohol use patterns. PMID- 3234241 TI - The influence of thiamine deficiency and ethanol on rat brain catecholamines. AB - In rats treated with a thiamine deficient diet for 30 days the brain content of total thiamine decreased by 27-50%. Thiamine deficiency decreased the dopamine (DA) concentration of the striatum indicating a reduced synthesis of DA. In the hypothalamus the levels of the catecholamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl glycol (HMPG) were reduced indicating a reduced DA and noradrenaline (NA) turnover. Animals on a diet containing 5% ethanol had increased concentrations of HVA and HMPG in rest brain indicating an increased DA and NA turnover. The concentration of 1-carboxysalsolinol (1-CSAL) and salsolinol (SAL) in the brain stem was increased in animals receiving ethanol. Thus, both thiamine deficiency and ethanol treatment influenced the catecholamine system in a complex region-dependent way. In the brain regions most susceptible to brain damage in thiamine deficiency, i.e., hypothalamus and brain stem, 1-CSAL and SAL increased most following thiamine deficiency combined with ethanol intake. PMID- 3234242 TI - Hepatocyte and nuclear areas and fatty infiltration of the liver in chronic alcoholic liver disease. AB - In 117 patients affected by chronic alcoholic liver disease, we have histomorphometrically determined hepatocyte and nuclear areas, total amount of fat and total amount of fibrosis, comparing them with the following clinical and biochemical parameters: ascites, encephalopathy, jaundice, spiders, collateral circulation, splenomegaly, prothrombin activity, serum albumin, gammaglobulin, bilirubin, ASAT, ALAT, GGT, leukocyte and platelet count, and daily consumption of ethanol. Both hepatocyte and nuclear areas closely correlated with most of the parameters indicative of hepatic function derangement, whereas fat amount correlated with them inversely, but positively with the daily consumption of ethanol. The degree of fibrosis was greater in patients with a worse hepatic function, and there was a direct relationship between the degree of fibrosis and hepatocyte and nuclear areas, and an inverse one between the degree of fibrosis and the total amount of fat. PMID- 3234243 TI - Brachial and lumbar plexitis as a reaction to heroin. AB - A case is described of a young man who presented with acute pulmonary edema and flaccid paralysis of the right upper and lower extremity, following his first injection of heroin and was found in a comatose state. Needle electromyographic findings were compatible with a severe lesion of the right brachial plexus and a moderate lesion of the right lumbar plexus. An allergic or a hypersensitivity reaction might have been the possible cause. PMID- 3234244 TI - Psychological defence, phase of dependence and further prerequisites for the intention of alcoholics to abstain. AB - One hundred and four alcoholics who had undergone detoxification in two psychiatric hospitals in West Germany were examined regarding psychological defence, attitudes and norms towards abstinence. Results show that along with loss of well-being and the increasing perception of the negative consequences of alcohol abuse, there is a lessening of defence, an advanced stage of dependence and pronounced abstinence intention. One conclusion is that psychological defence mechanisms of alcohol dependent persons can be explained on the basis of threat to the sense of self worth or cognitive dissonance. PMID- 3234245 TI - Relative abuse liability of lorazepam and diazepam: an evaluation in 'recreational' drug users. AB - The subjective, psychomotor and cognitive effects of oral doses of lorazepam (0, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg) and diazepam (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg) were studied under double blind conditions in 14 volunteers with histories of 'recreational' benzodiazepine use/abuse. For each subject, drug was administered over 4 test days in a 2 (drug) by 4 (dose level) mixed design. Drug was the between-groups factor while dose was the within-subjects factor. Test days were separated by at least 1 week. The results showed that subjective ratings of drug 'liking' and the psychomotor and cognitive effects of lorazepam were generally similar to those of diazepam over the range of doses studied. Lorazepam, however, tended to produce effects of longer duration than diazepam. Since previous studies have shown that diazepam has a relatively high abuse liability among the benzodiazepines, the present findings suggest that lorazepam shares this property with diazepam is subjects with a history of 'recreational' drug use/abuse. PMID- 3234246 TI - The influence of brain catecholamines on 'drug taking behaviour' relative to oral self-administration of d-amphetamine by rats. AB - Oral administration of 5 mg/kg of d-amphetamine to adult Wistar rats caused brain NE to decrease to approx. 80% of the control level during 4-24 h after acute treatment and slowly further to 65% after 24 days of self-administration via drinking water. The norepinephrine (NE)-reducing effect was first recognized at 1 mg/kg and appeared to peak at 5 mg/kg of d-amphetamine. Brain dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were only shortly affected. Neither iprindole nor desipramine altered the effect of amphetamine on brain NE. DA was decreased by both inhibitors depending on the duration of pre-treatment. Iproniazid and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine antagonized and potentiated respectively the amphetamine effect on NE- and DA-concentration after 4 days of simultaneous treatment. In the free choice experiment (water vs. 0.005% d-amphetamine solution) rats developed an aversion to amphetamine. The number of rats taking the drug and the consumption by rats still drinking it declined gradually from 100% and approx. 3 mg/kg/day to 50% and approx. 1.5 mg/kg/day, respectively, during 18 days. The time course of the developing aversive reaction to oral amphetamine ran approximately parallel to that of NE-depletion. Iprindole and desipramine intensified, iproniazid and propranolol weakened, while alpha-methyl p-tyrosine and haloperidol hardly influenced the aversive effect of amphetamine. It is concluded that the development of aversive behaviour in response to oral d amphetamine is mediated not only through the depleting effect of amphetamine on NE stores but also by its direct stimulation at beta-adrenergic receptors in the CNS. PMID- 3234247 TI - Effects of ethanol withdrawal on ethanol-reinforced responding in rhesus monkeys. AB - Rhesus monkeys self-administered ethanol intravenously during daily, 3-h sessions. When ethanol-reinforced responding was stable and ethanol intake was in the range of 2.6-3.6 g/kg/3 h, physiological dependence to ethanol was induced by daily passive infusions of additional ethanol. In less than 1 week, mild to moderate withdrawal signs were observed prior to daily sessions. Ethanol intake was suppressed in the presence of these withdrawal signs and returned to normal only after withdrawal signs had subsided. PMID- 3234248 TI - Use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs amongst 13-year-olds in three areas of Britain. AB - The survey described in this paper is the first stage of a study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based alcohol education for 13-year-olds. The results presented are from baseline data, collected before administration of an alcohol education package. Data have been collected from 1600 pupils in nine schools, three in Scotland, three in England and three in Wales. Although 96% of the study group had some experience of alcohol, the majority drank infrequently and usually only small amounts. However, occasional problems of intoxication were identified, with 20% having experienced a hangover. Gender differences in drinking habits are discussed along with the implications of the findings for school-based alcohol education. PMID- 3234249 TI - Benzodiazepine dependence--aetiological factors, time course, consequences and withdrawal symptomatology: a study of five cases. AB - The development and time course of benzodiazepine (BZD) dependence is reported for five case histories. The underlying psychiatric disorders, life-events as potential initiators of BZD use/abuse and psychosocial consequences are discussed. The abstinence symptoms appearing during a course of standardized withdrawal therapy are described in detail. The case reports clearly demonstrate the chronic nature of the development of BZD dependence and of the tendency to increase the dosage which may occur only after years of intake and the gradual appearance of negative effects of chronic BZD intake. PMID- 3234250 TI - Disposition of cefonicid in orthopedic surgery patients. AB - Ten patients undergoing hip reconstructive procedures were given a single prophylactic dose of cefonicid 15 mg/kg to evaluate intraoperative and perioperative drug disposition in the surgical setting. Timed postinfusion serum samples were collected over 24 hours and resulting concentration versus time data were subjected to noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Bone samples were obtained in eight of ten patients with mean bone concentrations of 13.3 micrograms/g (range 8.2-25.1). Postinfusion serum concentrations at five minutes postinfusion ranged from 200.8 to 316.7 micrograms/ml; the 12-hour mean was 19.1 micrograms/ml (range 4.0-48) and the 24-hour mean was 4.3 micrograms/ml (range 0.0-13.8). Protein binding at three sampling times ranged from 88 to 96.5 percent, increasing over time as total cefonicid concentrations fell. The mean half-life in our patients was 3.5 hours, compared with 4.8 hours in our four controls. These data indicate that altered protein binding and intraoperative events alter the disposition of cefonicid. Although differences in disposition parameters between patients and controls were not statistically significant, suboptimal serum cefonicid concentrations were observed in four orthopedic patients. PMID- 3234251 TI - Vasopressor effect of epinephrine with and without dopamine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - We prospectively studied nine prehospital cardiac arrest patients (six M, three F; aged 60 +/- 8 yr) to determine the vasopressor response following incremental (1, 3, and 5 mg) doses of intravenous epinephrine given 5 minutes apart with or without dopamine 15 micrograms/kg/min. All patients were in ventricular fibrillation on arrival of the paramedics and were not resuscitated with standard advanced cardiac life support therapy. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed with a computerized Thumper at 60 compressions/min with a 50:50 downstroke-to-upstroke ratio. All patients were intubated and received 12 ventilations/min at a fraction of inspired oxygen of 80 percent. Radial artery pressure was monitored through a #20 gauge radial artery catheter inserted by cutdown within ten minutes after arrival at the emergency room. Five patients received epinephrine alone (group A) and four received epinephrine plus dopamine (group B). The patient's age, paramedic response time, arterial blood gases, and initial diastolic blood pressure (BP) did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Baseline systolic BP was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in group B (68 +/- 10 mm Hg) than in group A (35 +/- 5 mm Hg). Epinephrine produced a dose-dependent vasopressor response in group A, but not in group B. In group A, peak systolic BP following epinephrine 1, 3, and 5 mg was 57 +/- 20, 69 +/- 23, and 76 +/- 27 mm Hg, respectively (p less than 0.05 for 5 mg vs. baseline). No statistically significant difference was observed among the respective values in group B (81 +/- 13, 80 +/- 18, and 78 +/- 19 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234252 TI - Compatibility and stability of cefazolin sodium, clindamycin phosphate, and gentamicin sulfate in two intravenous solutions. AB - We studied the compatibility and stability of clindamycin phosphate admixed with gentamicin sulfate and cefazolin sodium in small-volume diluents under specific storage conditions. In two replicate 100 ml dilutions of NaCl 0.9% injection and dextrose 5% (D5W) injection, clindamycin phosphate 900 mg was admixed with gentamicin sulfate 80 mg and cefazolin sodium 1 g. Drug concentrations were determined at the time of preparation and at 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Clindamycin and cefazolin were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gentamicin was assayed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Visual inspections and pH determinations of each solution were performed at each assay time. Test solutions were maintained at constant room temperature and fluorescent lighting. Concentrations of clindamycin and gentamicin remained greater than 90 percent of the original concentrations throughout the study. Cefazolin concentrations dropped below 90 percent in D5W injection at 4 hours after admixture and at 12 hours after admixture in NaCl 0.9% injection. Visual analyses and pH changes revealed no significant changes. The combination of clindamycin phosphate 900 mg, gentamicin sulfate 80 mg, and cefazolin sodium 1 g in D5W 100 ml was found to be compatible for up to 4 hours. The duration of compatibility for these three drugs in 100 ml of NaCl 0.9% was 12 hours. PMID- 3234253 TI - Rapid methylprednisolone clearance in a patient with cystic fibrosis. AB - A pharmacokinetic investigation of administered corticosteroids was conducted in a 16-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis (CF). Equivalent doses of methylprednisolone were given orally and intravenously on consecutive days. Oral bioavailability was essentially 100 percent, ruling out impaired absorption. Drug half-life was shorter and both clearance and volume of distribution were greater in this patient than in normal young adults. From one patient it is impossible to conclude that this unusual disposition of corticosteroids is characteristic of CF. Given the interest in use of corticosteroids in this population, and the examples of other drugs with altered pharmacokinetics in patients with CF, further investigation is warranted. PMID- 3234254 TI - Flucytosine interference with serum creatinine determinations. AB - A patient receiving intravenous amphotericin B and oral flucytosine was found to have falsely elevated serum creatinine values. Flucytosine has been reported to interfere with serum creatinine determinations when measured by the Kodak Ektachem-700 analyzer but not when the Jaffe reaction is employed. Serum creatinine values were determined by the two methods on six serum samples obtained from this patient at various times throughout her hospitalization. Flucytosine can cause clinically significant false elevations in serum creatinine when measured by the Kodak Ektachem-700 analyzer. PMID- 3234255 TI - Professional liability for pharmacists: a focus on pharmacy practice acts. AB - The increased complexity of pharmacotherapeutics and the expanded role of pharmacists in the drug-use process may bring about an increased liability exposure for failure to conform to a professional standard of care. Therefore, a survey of 51 state pharmacy practice acts was conducted: (1) to establish a nationwide statutory definition of pharmacy practice, and (2) to outline possible use of the statutes in civil and administrative law. Twenty percent of state statutes contain no definition of pharmacy practice. Of the remaining 41 states, dispensing (97.5 percent), compounding (92.5 percent), interpretation and evaluation of prescriptions (68.2 percent), and consultation (73 percent) are legally defined. Pharmacokinetic consultation, drug administration, pharmacist prescribing, and pharmaceutical research are defined in one, seven, four, and one state(s), respectively. Pharmacists may face legal responsibilities from both the courts and state boards of medical and pharmacy practice. Aggressively updating the statutes and regulations to reflect contemporary pharmacy practice may provide a mechanism for a defense in court litigation and regulatory action. PMID- 3234256 TI - High-dose lorazepam therapy for status epilepticus in a pediatric patient. AB - This report details the management of status epilepticus with high-dose lorazepam in a 14-year-old patient who was receiving oral clonazepam, ethosuximide, and phenobarbital for an intractable seizure disorder. Although respiratory depression is a frequently cited potential complication of therapy, it did not occur in this patient despite an extraordinarily high total dose of lorazepam, possibly because of tolerance associated with benzodiazepine-receptor down regulation in this patient's chronic clonazepam therapy. Aggressive dosing of a benzodiazepine may be required for patients receiving chronic benzodiazepine therapy. PMID- 3234257 TI - Subcutaneous administration of nifedipine. AB - Contents of a 10 mg nifedipine capsule (0.33 ml) were withdrawn by syringe and administered subcutaneously to a patient with hypertensive urgency due to misinterpretation of a physician's order. The drug apparently had its desired hypotensive effect and no adverse effects were noted. The literature on use of nifedipine in hypertensive urgency is reviewed. Subcutaneous administration is not recommended because of a lack of suitable controlled studies and the potential for adverse effects. PMID- 3234258 TI - Algorithms for dosage and therapeutic monitoring of theophylline. AB - Theophylline is widely prescribed in Spain. Because this drug has a narrow therapeutic range and high interindividual pharmacokinetic variability, it is essential to adapt the dosage to each patient. In order to simplify the drug individualization we are proposing three algorithms to apply to intravenous loading and maintenance doses and to oral doses. The initial recommended dosages have been established using the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from patients treated with theophylline in our hospital. Because the pharmacokinetic behavior of theophylline may be different in other populations, dosage requirements may not be the same. A minimum number of blood sample collections is proposed in an attempt to improve the cost-benefit relationship in theophylline therapy. PMID- 3234259 TI - Sucralfate--warfarin interaction. PMID- 3234260 TI - Unexpected cocaine-induced fatalities: a possible cause. PMID- 3234261 TI - Ranitidine-induced confusion with concomitant morphine. PMID- 3234262 TI - Phenazopyridine-induced methemoglobinemia. PMID- 3234263 TI - Ethylene glycol toxicity--misinterpretation of laboratory data. PMID- 3234264 TI - Failure of single-dose kinetics to predict steady state. PMID- 3234265 TI - Comment: anticholinesterase insecticide reactions. PMID- 3234266 TI - [Determination of the irritating potential of environmental substances in an epidermal cell suspension in vitro]. AB - A simple in vitro screening method was established, which allows estimation of the effect of environmental products on cell alteration or irritative potential. Primary cell suspensions, prepared from the epidermis of guinea pig ears through trypsination (0.2%) over night at 4 degrees C, were used. The cell suspension (3 mill./ml) and test substances were mixed in equal portions (500 microliters) and incubated at room temperature for approximately 90 min. The degree of cell alteration was determined by the trypan blue exclusion test. Chemically defined substances as well as disinfectants were employed. The cell alteration was clearly dependent upon substance concentration as well as incubation time. On the basis of the mean alteration time (AT50) measured in vitro, and the mean irritation time (IT50) determined in the patch test in vivo, the substances were ranked according to strength of cell alteration or irritative potency in vitro and in vivo. A good correlation (Spearman's rank correlation, rs = 0.76) was found between the in vitro and in vivo results. Thus, this method is suited for the screening of chemical products especially in industrial laboratories. PMID- 3234267 TI - [Tattooing dyes]. AB - Nine different tattoo dyes were analysed by various tests. Mixtures of organic dyes and inorganic filler were found; the inorganic filler consisted mainly of titanium dioxide (TiO2). Heavy metals, e.g. mercury, cadmium, or chrome as the common components of the traditional tattoo dyes, are capable of evoking unwanted skin reactions, but were not detected. Tattoo dyes are not officially controlled, and thus it is not known which substances-in addition to those identified by us are presently used to produce ornamental tattoos. However, our results suggest that classic dyes have been superceded by newer, mainly synthetic dyes. PMID- 3234268 TI - [Sensitization to nickel sulfate in patients with ileitis terminalis (Crohn disease)]. AB - The history of inpatients with Crohn's disease revealed several occurrences of contact dermatitis due to metal ions. Therefore, we considered the question as to whether allergic reactions to amalgam fillings or mercury, delivered in small amounts, could be a factor in the activity of regional enteritis. 23 patients with Crohn's disease (15 females, 8 males), aged from 20 to 44 years were screened by an extended standard patch test (following the rules of the ICDRG). Surprisingly, no case of hypersensitivity to amalgam and/or mercury was found. However, nickelsulfate yielded positive reactions in 39.1% of all tested patients (9/23). In comparison to the normal population this prevalence of nickelsulfate hypersensitivity is distinctly increased. It may be an epiphenomenon of Crohn's disease (sensitization via an enhanced permeability of the irritated mucous membranes for nutritive nickelsulfate) or an etiopathogenetic co-factor. In the latter case regional enteritis might be regarded as an allergic-irritative disease of the bowel. PMID- 3234269 TI - [The action spectrum of 8-methoxypsoralen in UV A on human skin. Studies with dye lasers]. AB - The action spectrum of 8-methoxypsoralen in human skin was determined using dye laser irradiation in the UV A. The results obtained were compared with contradictory reports in the literature. PMID- 3234270 TI - [Allergy to chromium]. PMID- 3234271 TI - Variations in the quantities of petrolatum applied in patch testing. AB - When using patch tests to objectify contact allergy in patients, many different materials are used in different clinics. Whatever the material used, there are presumably differences in the quantities of allergens dispersed in petrolatum applied in the patch tests by the clinicians. Therefore, we designed an experiment in order to evaluate whether such differences do indeed exist. The results presented here clearly show that the quantities of petrolatum applied varies considerably in the patch tests (i.e. Leukotest Beiersdorf) from dermatologist to dermatologist. In addition, we found that for an individual dermatologist differences occur from day to day. It is our conclusion that in the interest of the patients and in the interest of multicentric studies, standardization of patch test materials is of great importance, especially in regards to the quantities of petrolatum applied. PMID- 3234272 TI - Recent advances in immunodiagnosis. PMID- 3234273 TI - Immunization coverage in Kenya 1987. PMID- 3234274 TI - Outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in the western bank of the White Nile--Sudan, report and clinical study. PMID- 3234275 TI - Central nervous system involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (excluding Burkitt's lymphoma) in Ugandan Africans. PMID- 3234276 TI - Sexuality during pregnancy in healthy Nigerians. PMID- 3234277 TI - Problems in writing injury assessment reports. Part III: Spinal injury and paraplegia: the third of a series. PMID- 3234278 TI - Deaths from AIDS-like illnesses in west Africans. PMID- 3234279 TI - Status of AIDS in Khartoum in 1986. PMID- 3234280 TI - Growth and development of term disproportionate small-for-gestational age infants at the age of 7 years. AB - Twenty-four term infants with disproportionate intrauterine growth retardation (SGA group) and 24 normally grown term infants matched for age, sex, birth rank and social class were followed from birth until 7 years of age. Both groups were free from perinatal complications and chronic diseases. The children in the SGA group continued to be underweight-for-height with a low ponderal index and a relatively small head circumference at the age of 7 years. Only minor shifts occurred in the individual growth curves since the age of 3 years. In 12 SGA children and 1 control multiple 'soft' neurological signs were found. Their grammar school teachers observed problematic behavior (hyperactivity, poor concentration and clumsiness) in 9 and academic problems in 5 of the 12 SGA children with neurological dysfunction. These findings indicate that disproportionate intrauterine growth retardation at term can have long-term effects on growth and development. PMID- 3234281 TI - Effects of nursery illumination on frequency of eyelid opening and state in preterm neonates. AB - The behaviour of a group of premature neonates was observed under three conditions of ambient illumination defined as either DARK, LIGHT or BRIGHT (mean intensities: 0.9, 109 and 1370 lux). Trends in the data suggested that increasing the level of illumination resulted in a reduction in the proportion of time spent with eyelids open and of the amount of time spent in awake states. However, these effects were small and in most cases failed to attain statistical significance. Sudden offset of light did however produce a transitory increase in eyelid opening for a period of approximately 60 s that appeared to be unaccompanied by any change of state (P less than 0.001). Irrespective of illumination condition, the infants' behaviour was characterized by prolonged periods of eyelid closure which were significantly greater for the lower eye (in mattress contact, mean lid closure = 96.2%) compared to the upper eye (no mattress contact, mean lid closure = 88.25%). The prolonged occurrences of eyelid closure are discussed in relation to visual development and phototoxicity. PMID- 3234282 TI - Responses of neonates to parents' and others' voices. AB - Infants stimulated with 8-s recordings of speech and voices reading numbers showed a discrimination between their own mothers' and alien voices. In general, the infants' heart rates rose more in response to their mothers' than to an alien voice. However, infants tested less than 24 h after birth responded with significant heart rate deceleration to the mother's spontaneous speech and to the mother reading numbers. Response to the father's voice was also deceleration but to all alien voices was acceleration. Older infants' responses also tended to be acceleratory to most stimuli. Results support the suggestion that sounds which are repeatedly experienced before birth (especially the mother's voice) become familiar to the fetus so that the neonate responds selectively by orienting to them during the first few hours after birth. PMID- 3234283 TI - Carbofuran-induced histophysiological changes in thyroid of the teleost fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). AB - The long-term toxic effects of continuous exposure for 6 months, from January to June, to a safe dose (4.5 ppm) of a commercial carbamate pesticide, carbofuran, on the histophysiology of thyroid in adult and young (yearling) Channa punctatus, are described in this investigation. In both the experimental groups, thyroid histology exhibited various abnormalities, including hypertrophy, hyperplasia and degeneration of follicular epithelial cells, and reduction in colloid content. Apart from this, in young experimentals, fibrosis of thyroid components, formation of cystic cellular masses, and rupture of blood vessels resulting in hemorrhage can also be seen and suggest direct action of this pesticide on the thyroid. On the other hand, in both treated groups, retardation of thyroid function was also evidenced by significantly reduced thyroidal radioiodine (131I) uptake and CR (conversion ratio of PB131I in blood serum in relation to total serum 131I uptake) values. Apparently, these histopathological and physiological changes were markedly pronounced in young experimentals, suggesting greater susceptibility of this group to chronic toxicity of carbofuran than that of adults. Thus, on the basis of these results, it can be inferred that carbofuran pesticide, which is washed into water systems in small quantities, induces adverse histophysiological alterations in thyroid, in an age- and size-dependent manner, possibly by acting directly on thyroid and/or through the hypothalamo pituitary-thyroid axis, in this species. PMID- 3234284 TI - Evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of the phenoxyherbicide MCPA to an urodele amphibian. AB - To evaluate the carcinogenic potential of the phenoxyherbicide 2-methyl-4 chlorophenoxy-acetic acid (MCPA) in the crested newt, Triturus cristatus carnifex, a long-term study has been carried out exposing the animals by the percutaneous route. Two hundred adult newts were divided into one control and three experimental groups of 20 females and 30 males each. The control group was kept in tap water and the experimental groups were kept for 4 days a week in an aqueous solution of Agroxone 3, a commercial formulation of MCPA, at concentrations equivalent to 100, 200, and 400 ppm of the active ingredient. Treatment was continued for 1 year, after which all the animals were kept under observation for approximately another year. Surviving female newts were killed 22 24 months after the beginning of experimentation, whereas the male newts were killed after 28 months, at the end of 18 weeks of exposure to the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Under experimental conditions, there was no carcinogenic activity of MCPA. Putative preneoplastic nodules of the liver and tumor-like lesions of the lower jaw were occasionally observed among the animals that survived more than 22 months after the beginning of experimentation. However, no significant differences in frequency between control and experimental groups were found. PMID- 3234285 TI - Effect of malathion and endosulfan on brain acetylcholinesterase and ovarian steroidogenesis of Channa punctatus (Bloch). AB - The effect of sublethal concentrations of malathion (organophosphorus insecticide) and endosulfan (organochlorine insecticide) was investigated in Channa punctatus. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and ovarian delta 5,3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5,3 beta-HSD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activities were studied. Apart from the loss of stage II and III oocytes, the absence of delta 5,3 beta-HSD and G-6-PD activity indicating the inhibition of steroidogenesis was seen in the malathion- and endosulfan treated fish ovaries. Malathion demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of brain AchE activity, whereas endosulfan caused no significant reduction of AchE activity. PMID- 3234286 TI - Survey of DDT-like compounds in Dicofol formulations. AB - The levels of o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-TDE (DDD), and p,p'-DDT were determined in 19 samples of Dicofol formulations commercially available in Italy. The total of DDT-like compounds, calculated on a Dicofol content basis, was in the range 0.63-23.19%, with an average of 8.28%. Setting a requirement of minimum purity for Dicofol technical products is proposed. PMID- 3234287 TI - The environmental behavior of chemicals in soil: atrazine as an example. AB - In this work a mathematical model has been developed and used to estimate the soil vertical distribution of Atrazine dispersed in the environment. Water transport, rise due to capillarity, and partition among soil-contained water, air, and organic matter, as well as degradation processes, are considered. As far as the vertical mobility in soil is concerned, the model has been derived from that proposed by P. H. Nichols, A. Walker, and R. J. Baker [1982). Pestic. Sci. 12, 484-494). Such a model has been extended to include a procedure which takes into account the Atrazine mobility due to gravitational water flow. The organic carbon (O.C.) concentration gradient in soil was also considered in the evaluation when assessing partition processes, according to models by P. J. McCall et al. [1983). Residue Rev. 13, 231-241) and D. McKay and S. Paterson [1982). Environ. Sci. Technol. 16, 12, 654). The degradation processes are assumed to be first order, linearly related with O.C. content in soil. The application of this model to two sets of soil data demonstrated that Atrazine requires a long time (2 years or more, depending on soil features) in order to percolate at a depth comparable with those of a groundwater source. PMID- 3234288 TI - Exposure to agricultural treatment residues: some simple statistical considerations based on monitoring data for ethoxyquin on apples. AB - The data examined here concern ethoxyquin levels, mainly measured in apple samples from the retail market. In this study about three hundred measurements, carried out on apples in Northern-Central Italy and recently published, are examined, with the purpose of defining the main characteristics of value statistical distribution and variability and to optimize sampling criteria. The analysis did not indicate the presence of significantly high levels or consequently significantly high risks; nevertheless, it pointed out some important aspects in data collection and evaluation. First, it appeared that the statistical distribution of data is typically nonsymmetrical, non-Gaussian, and characterized by a tail extending toward the high values. The logarithmic transformation of data appeared useful in order to obtain a Gaussian distribution. As a rule, the data variability appeared to be high. The frequency and distribution of values above the analytical threshold resulted in significant change, both in time and in space. The percentage of positive values (above the analytical threshold) appeared to vary up to a factor of 2-3, as analogously did their geometric mean.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234289 TI - Herbicidal triazines: acute toxicity on Daphnia, fish, and plants and analysis of its relationships with structural factors. AB - The 24- and 48-hr EC50 immobilization test of Daphnia magna has been performed on 14 herbicidal triazines characterized by structural differences with respect to the substituent groups at the three carbon atoms in the s-triazinic ring. EC50 values of the tested compounds were found to vary within a factor of 6 to 7; such variations of toxicity have been analyzed in terms of structural variations concerning (i) the type of substituents, i.e., Cl, SCH3, or OCH3, at the carbon atom C-2, and (ii) the number and size of the alkyl groups at the aminic nitrogen atoms bound to the ring carbons C-4 and C-6. Literature data relative to the acute toxicity of the considered herbicides on fish and plants were also analyzed with reference to the above structural features. The possibility that separate contributions to toxic effects of triazines are provided by specific groups bound to the common structural moiety, constituted by the 1,3,5-triazinic ring, is examined and discussed. PMID- 3234290 TI - Approaches to modeling toxic responses of aquatic organisms to aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - Acute toxic effects on Salmo gairdneri, Poecilia reticulata, Daphnia magna, and the growth inhibition of Selenastrum capricornutum were measured for eight aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicity measurements were carried out following the OECD standard guidelines modified as appropriate in order to prevent hydrocarbon loss by volatilization; the concentrations of the substrates in the test solutions were periodically measured by HPLC. The toxic responses were analyzed in terms of the n-octanol/water partition coefficients, by means of linear regression analysis, and in terms of five molecular properties simultaneously, by means of the partial least squares analysis in latent variables (PLS). The univariate and multivariate quantitative structure-activity relationship models obtained by the two approaches are compared and discussed. PMID- 3234291 TI - Levels of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in the urine of northern italy occupationally exposed agricultural workers. AB - MCPA residues were assayed in 18 urine samples collected from northern Italy herbicide spraymen. Urine was collected within less than or equal to 24 hr from workshift start and kept at -20 degrees C until analysis. Twenty-five-milliliter urine specimens were ether-extracted at pH 1 and then the free MCPA was turned into its methyl ester. Detection and quantitation were carried out by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with low-resolution mass spectrometry (hrGC lrMS) run in the multiple ion detection (MID) mode. Specimen mass chromatograms were referred to MCPA methyl ester external standards. Detection thresholds were 25 and 10 ppb when S/N ratios of approximately 10 and 2.5, respectively, were adopted for the quantitation ion mass. Mean recovery was better than 80% over the full concentration range tested (10-1000 ppb). Urine analysis yielded the following results: eight outcomes fell in the 10-50 ppb range, five outcomes in the 50-150 ppb range, and five in the 150-500 ppb range. PMID- 3234292 TI - Survey of ethylenethiourea (ETU) in ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides. AB - Ethylenethiourea (ETU) has been recognized as a compound with adverse toxicological properties. It may occur in ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides as a by-product and/or a degradation product. Restrictions have been issued by the Italian Health Authority to keep the level of ETU in EBDC formulations under 0.5% (on an EBDC technical product basis). A survey was carried out on 85 samples of commercial formulations from the Italian market to verify compliance with the above limitation. ETU was extracted by methanol and determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Three of the 85 samples (3.5%) exceeded the limit of 0.5% established by the Italian legislation for ETU. PMID- 3234293 TI - Xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme systems in test fish. III. Comparative studies of liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferases. AB - The reduced glutathione (GSH)-conjugating capacities of the livers of trout, carp, zebra fish, guppy, and bluegill have been evaluated with several substrates preferentially metabolized by the major GSH-transferase isozymes. Carp and zebra fish lack GSH-transferase activity with 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane. Guppy is characterized by the highest activities with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and the absence of activity toward trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one. Enzyme activities with the other substrates demonstrate quantitative interspecific differences which presumably are of minor relevance to the metabolism and toxicity of chemicals. PMID- 3234294 TI - Studies on removal of malathion from water by means of activated charcoal. PMID- 3234295 TI - Bioaccumulation of Hg in the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. AB - The possibility of utilizing industrial, urban, and other wastes for the growth of a product which is directly edible by humans is fascinating. However, it is possible that many wastes containing toxic substances, for example, heavy metals, could reach the food chain and produce adverse effects on human health. To this end, we studied the possibility of bioaccumulation of Hg by a mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, grown on an artificial compost containing this element. Concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg of Hg as Hg(NO3)2.H2O were added to three groups of the same compost, successively inoculated with the mycelia of the mushroom. Higher concentrations strongly reduced the growth of the mycelia and therefore were not utilized. The concentrations of Hg in the substrate and in the mushroom were evaluated by AAS. The range of the accumulation factor was found to be 65 140, i.e., very marked. This finding suggests that the cultivation of P. ostreatus on substrates containing Hg from industrial and urban wastes could involve possible risks to human health. PMID- 3234296 TI - Acute toxicity of furazolidone on Artemia salina, Daphnia magna, and Culex pipiens molestus larvae. AB - As a result of evidence of the ecotoxicity of nitrofurans, the acute toxicity of furazolidone was tested in vivo on two aquatic organisms, Artemia salina and Daphnia magna, which are both crustaceans. Toxicity studies were also performed on larvae of Culex pipiens molestus. Results indicated a significant toxicity of the compound on Culex pipiens and Daphnia magna, while Artemia salina proved to be the least sensitive. PMID- 3234297 TI - The tumor markers CEA, TPA and CA 19-9 in gastric cancer. AB - In gastric cancer the tumor markers CEA, TPA and CA 19-9 display relatively low sensitivity, which in relation to a specificity of 90% lies between 20% and 25%. Compared with the simple ESR method, these sensitivities are not remarkably greater. But a combination of parameters based on discriminant analysis achieves distinctly greater sensitivities. PMID- 3234298 TI - [Chronic gastritis and serum lipids, hypertension and cholelithiasis]. AB - In 217 patients after gastric biopsies from corpus and antrum we looked for statistic correlations with lipids in serum, blood pressure, and gallstones. In patients with hypercholesterolemia we more often observed atrophic gastritis in antrum whereas in patients with hypertriglyceridemia or hypertension we more frequent found atrophic gastritis in corpus (significance on 5 per cent level). These results allow us to discuss the possibility, that arterial diseases may play a role in pathogenesis of atrophic gastritis. - In agreement with literature in cholelithiasis we found more often atrophic gastritis, but the difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 3234299 TI - [Gastroduodenal motility in chronic dyspepsia. 1. Interdigestive motility]. AB - The interdigestive gastroduodenal motility was studied in 28 patients suffering from chronic dyspepsia and in 15 healthy controls. The pressure activity was recorded using a four-lumen manometric probe positioned in the gastric antrum, the proximal and distal duodenum as well. - The mean cycle duration of the interdigestive myoelectric complex lasted 108 +/- 36 min. in dyspepsia and 81 +/- 30 min. in controls (p less than 0.05). In the antrum this prolongation resulted from a longer duration of phase 1. 7 dyspeptic patients had no activity fronts in the stomach. Both examined groups showed little differences in duodenal motility patterns, except for a significant increase of tonic pressure component during phase 3 activity in dyspepsia. Between gastric emptying time and interdigestive motility no correlation were established. PMID- 3234300 TI - [Gastroduodenal motility in chronic dyspepsia. 2. Postprandial motility]. AB - After ingestion of a solid test meal the postprandial motor activity in 17 dyspeptic patients and 12 healthy controls were examined. In all individuals the gastric emptying was measured by scintigraphy. - The antral pressure activity after food intake was delayed in dyspepsia and showed a distinct reduction with time (antral hypomotility). In contrast the postprandial duodenal motility was increased significantly (duodenal hyperdyskinesia). All 6 dyspeptic patients with prolonged gastric emptying had gastroduodenal manometric abnormalities. - Our results suggest that in chronic dyspepsia the interdigestive and postprandial motility is often disturbed. The delayed gastric emptying occurs because of impaired antral peristalsis and/or increase of duodenal resistance. PMID- 3234301 TI - [Effect of an antacid on duodenal pH in severe excretory pancreatic insufficiency]. AB - pH was measured continuously in the lower duodenum before and 90 min after a standard meal in 15 controls and 13 patient with severe pancreatic insufficiency (PI); gastric acid secretion was unimpaired in all of them. 7 out of the 13 pat. with PI received additionally 30 ml of an A-Mg-silicate preparation (MegalacR) 45 min after the meal. Mean pH dropped after the meal from 6.9 to 6.2 in the controls and from 7.1 to 4.9 in the pat. with PI. The overall time of pH-values below 5 amounted to 0.5% of the measuring period in the controls, in PI-pat. to 35%. In pat. with PI there were additionally pH-values below 4 during 11% of the postcibal period. Antacid administration increased duodenal pH significantly but only over 15 min; this transient effect had, however, no significant influence on the overall time of the pH-values below 5 and 4. Al-Mg-silicate has obviously no relevant effect on the postcibal duodenal pH in pat. with PI and can therefore not be regarded as a means to prevent inactivation of pancreatic enzymes in the duodenum. PMID- 3234302 TI - [Roentgenologic documentation of findings in coloscopy]. AB - This contribution covers the X-ray documentation of primary coloscopy findings in 29 patients. High coloscopy as a primary method of diagnosis used to have the disadvantage that when dealing with a circumscribed lesion requiring surgery, a barium enema had to be administered on order to localize it and determine its extent. The endoscopic-radiological coloscopy method described here combines primary coloscopy with a spatial visualization of the colon on an X-ray picture. It should bei applied wherever coloscopy is used as the primary method of examining the colon. PMID- 3234303 TI - [Primary clinical, endoscopic and histologic findings in solitary rectal ulcer]. AB - This study presents clinical, endoscopical and histological primary findings of solitary ulcer of the rectum obtained in 24 patients. Solitary ulcer of the rectum is preferably a disease of young women. The main symptom is recurrent rectal bleeding. Endoscopically in 50% of all cases mucosal ulcerations can be observed. The other cases are non-ulcerous lesions with uncharacteristic endoscopical findings. The majority of the lesions are within 6-8 cm of the anal margin. In 44% of the patients there are findings, which are suspicious of preexisting rectal prolapse. The histological main criterion is a fibromuscular hyperplasia of the lamina propria. Full agreement of endoscopical and histological diagnosis at primary examination could be obtained in only 17% of the cases. PMID- 3234304 TI - [The pH dependence of lipase and trypsin activity]. AB - We investigated in-vitro the relation of the lipase and trypsin activity, containing in native duodenale juice, to pH-values, similar to them registered in the duodenum of patients with severe exocrine insufficiency. Therefore week alcaline duodenal juice was acidified by native gastric juice or hydrochloric acid to pH-value 7, 6, 5 und 4. The remaining activity was estimated after 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. We determined a fast inactivation of lipase at pH 5.0 or below (incubation of 5 minutes only decreased the activity to 35% of origin), and of trypsin at pH 4.0 or below (incubation of 5 minutes at this pH-value decreased the activity to 26% of origin). According to the denaturating effect on the enzymes, there was no difference between gastric juice and hypochloric acid. It is concluded, that the activity of decreased secreted pancreatic enzymes in severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and also of the oral substituted enzymes is additionally reduced by acidic duodenal circumstances, so that a gastric acid neutralizing or inhibiting therapy proves as necessary. PMID- 3234305 TI - [Changes in the morphology of the surfactant system following the start of pulmonary ventilation]. PMID- 3234306 TI - [Arterial thrombus formation and serum lipids in rats with renal hypertension]. PMID- 3234307 TI - [2 newly synthesized compounds of the piperazine group studied for their analgesic action]. PMID- 3234308 TI - [Effect of diterpene sklareol glycol on the conflict test and its correlation with diazepam]. PMID- 3234309 TI - [Effect of the renal nerves and prostaglandins on sodium and water excretion during carotid compression in anesthetized rabbits]. PMID- 3234310 TI - [Changes in the electrical activity of the colon following its transection]. PMID- 3234311 TI - [Chronic aortitis and its complications]. PMID- 3234312 TI - [Validation of antihypertensive therapy from the viewpoint of kidney participation in water-salt metabolism]. PMID- 3234313 TI - [Effect of adenosine triphosphate (Atriphos) on the motility of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3234314 TI - The polarized UV-absorption spectra and the crystal structure of two different monoclinic crystal forms of the retinal homologue beta-8'-apocarotenal. AB - During the visual process, light absorption in the 11-cis retinylidene chromophore leads to a rapid cis-trans-isomerization which initiates the phototransduction step. Important spectroscopic properties of this chromophore can be derived from polarized UV-absorption spectra of crystalline 11-cis-retinal if a parallel X-ray structure analysis is performed. Several questions about the relation between molecular geometry and spectroscopic behavior could not be answered from these spectra. All crystal forms of 11-cis-retinal contain this molecule in its 6-s-cis-ring conformation. For the retinal homologue, beta-8' apocarotenal (APC), however, two crystal forms with different ring conformation can be grown. The spectrum of alpha-APC (6-s-cis) shows a vibronic structure whereas that of beta-APC (6-s-trans) is diffuse but has a distinct shoulder on the low energy side of the main band. This S-band is typical for retinal spectra and has been ascribed to a transition into a 1Ag-*-state. The appearance of the S band is not correlated with a 6-s-cis-conformation as suggested by the retinal spectra but is due to intermolecular interactions: beta-APC has a dense dimer packing and a strong electrostatic interaction between the pi-electron systems. This might cause the "forbidden" 1Ag-*-transition. On the other hand, this interaction is missing in the loose and polar packing of alpha-APC which favors vibration in the polyene chain. This finding is remarkable in view of the photodynamic behavior of the visual chromophore for which strong electrostatic interactions with the protein helices of its binding site have to be postulated. PMID- 3234315 TI - Light and GTP dependence of transducin solubility in retinal rods. Further analysis by near infra-red light scattering. AB - The physical origin and functional significance of the near infra-red light scattering changes observable upon flash illumination of diluted suspensions of magnetically oriented, permeabilised frog retinal rods has been reinvestigated with particular attention paid to the degree with which transducin remains attached to the membrane. In the absence of GTP, the so called "binding" signal is shown to include two components of distinctive origins, widely different kinetics, and whose relative amplitudes depend on the dilution of the suspension and resulting detachment of transducin from the disc membrane. The fast component is a consequence of the fast interaction between photoexcited rhodopsin (R*) and the transducin remaining on the membrane. Its kinetics monitors a structural modification of the discs caused by a change in electrostatic interaction between closely packed membranes upon the formation of R*-T complexes. The slow component monitors the slow rebinding to the membrane and possible subsequent interaction with excess R* of T-GDP which, in spite of its low solubility, had eluted into solution given the high dilution of the permeated rods. In the presence of GTP, the so called "dissociation" signal includes a fast, anisotropic "release" component that specifically monitors the release into the interdiscal space of T alpha-GTP formed from the membrane-bound pool, and a slower isotropic "loss" component monitoring the leakage from the permeated rod of the excess T alpha-GTP which did not interact with the cGMP phosphodiesterase. The amplitudes of both components depend exclusively on the membrane bound T-GDP pool. The kinetics of the "loss" component is limited by the size and degree of permeation of the rod fragments, rather than by the dissociation rate of T alpha-GTP from the membrane. PMID- 3234316 TI - Molecular flexibility of extended and compacted polynucleosomes. A steady-state fluorescence polarization study. AB - We have studied the effects of Na+ (5-120 mM) and Mg2+ (0-6 mM) on the internal and overall flexibility of polynucleosome fragments from nuclease-solubilized chromatin from Ehrlich ascites cells. The mobility was monitored by the steady state fluorescence polarization of the intercalated ethidium cation. The internal polynucleosome flexibility decreases continuously as the extended chromatin fragments are being compacted at increasing salt concentrations, and it can be further suppressed at ionic strengths above those where the 30 nm fiber is formed. The effect may be visualized as an initial formation of a loose 30 nm fiber that is further compacted at increasing ionic strengths. We observe several differences in the effects of Na+ and Mg2+ upon chromatin compaction. First, chromatin compacted by Mg2+ is less flexible than that compacted by Na+, suggesting a "tighter" chromatin structure with Mg2+. Second, Mg2+ affects the internal mobility in polynucleosome fragments shorter than 6-7 nucleosomes, which are too short to be compacted with Na+. Third, Mg2+ causes extensive macroscopic aggregation at concentrations above 0.2-0.3 mM, but the aggregation is uncorrelated with the intramolecular compaction. A quantitative evaluation of the overall polynucleosome "tumbling" mobility indicates that the compacted fragments possess more internal flexibility than do corresponding high molecular weight chromatin fibers. Finally, we note a correlation between the ethidium binding constant and the internal chromatin flexibility, possibly arising from lower torsional and "unwinding" flexibility of the linker DNA segments of compacted chromatin fibers. PMID- 3234317 TI - Human acid beta-glucosidase: inhibition studies using glucose analogues and pH variation to characterize the normal and Gaucher disease glycon binding sites. AB - Comparative kinetic studies with glycon inhibitors were used to investigate the properties of the active site of human acid beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.45) from normal placenta and spleens of type 1 Ashkenazi Jewish Gaucher disease (AJGD) patients. With the pure normal enzyme, the specificity of glycon binding was assessed with 35 glucose derivatives and epimers. Most glycons were mixed type inhibitors with a predominantly competitive nature (i.e., Kis much less than Kii) and had low apparent affinity for the enzyme (Kisapp = 20-500 mmol/l). beta Glucose-1-phosphate was unusual, since it inhibited 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta glucoside hydrolysis in an uncompetitive pattern (Kiapp = 0.55 mmol/l) but had no effect on glucosyl ceramide hydrolysis. C-1- (1-deoxy-1-amino-beta-D-glucose) and C-3- (3-deoxy-3-amino-D-glucose) amino and C-5-imino [1-deoxynojirimycin (dNM), nojirimycin and castanospermine] substituted sugars were highly potent inhibitors with Kisapp(beta-glucose)/Kisapp approximately equal to 10(3)-10(5); an amine at C-2 did not alter Kisapp compared to beta-glucose. The variation of Kisapp with pH for the 5-imino- and 1-deoxy-1-aminoglycosides conformed to a model for the unprotonated inhibitors binding to the protonated forms (EH and EH2) of the diprotic (Vmaxapp and Vmaxapp/Kmapp) normal enzyme (pK1 = 4.7; pK2 = 6.7) with pH independent Kisapp values of 2.9-9.0 mumol/l and 0.22 mmol/l, respectively. Several of the amine-containing inhibitors competitively protected the enzyme from inactivation by conduritol B epoxide, a covalent active site-directed inhibitor, indicating interaction with residues at that site. With the partially purified AJGD splenic enzymes, the results were the same except that Kisapp(AJGD)/Kisapp(normal) = 4-17 for dNM and 1-deoxy-1-amino-beta-glucose; this ratio was approximately equal to 1 with most other glycons, and particularly, nojirimycin and castanospermine. The results of these studies indicated that the glycon binding site of the normal acid beta-glucosidase contains important residues for interaction with the C-2, C-3 and C-4 hydroxyl groups of beta glucose and a residue with pKa = 6.7 which was critical to the binding of amine containing inhibitors and the hydrolysis of substrates. The findings were consistent with a specific alteration in or near the glycon binding site which results in the functional abnormalities of the mutant AJGD acid beta-glucosidase. PMID- 3234318 TI - Simultaneous purification and characterization of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes from chicken liver. AB - Cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) were purified to homogeneity from chicken liver, without previous fractionation of the subcellular components. The procedure includes initial heat treatment and ammonium sulfate fractionation. The two isoenzymes can then be separated by a DEAE-Sepharose chromatography using a linear gradient of L-aspartate (reaction substrate). The separated fractions can be further purified by a parallel step with HA-Ultrogel prior to octyl-Sepharose (c-AAT) and CM-Sepharose (m-AAT) chromatographies. Michaelis constants, pI values, inhibition by adipate and subforms generation with time were studied for both isoenzymes. PMID- 3234319 TI - Hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in inbred strains of mice. AB - Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity is a major factor in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Enzyme activity is known to vary with age, sex, diurnal cycle, and dietary properties in rats. Mice are available in numerous genetic strains and could be a useful inexpensive animal model for studying diet and genetic interactions in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. Obese and non-obese C57BL/6J, CBA/J, and obese and non-obese DW dbPas mice were subjected to variations in light cycle, feeding schedule, and pectin and fat composition of their diets. They were then killed by decapitation, and hepatic microsomal HMGR analyzed. The mice responded in the same ways as rats to light cycle, feeding pattern, and sex difference. They exhibited marked differences in HMGR activity due to age, genotype, strain, and diet variations. We conclude that mice will, indeed, offer an excellent animal model for the study of cholesterol metabolism regulation. PMID- 3234320 TI - Characterization of alkaline phosphatase in polymorphonuclear neutrophils from normal sheep. AB - This paper is an attempt to the analysis of the main biochemical characteristics of alkaline phosphatase from sheep polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Ten male adult Romanoff X Berrichon sheep were studied. Alkaline phosphatase was analyzed from cell homogenates, after extraction and solubilization steps. The Vmax and Km values for 4-nitrophenylphosphate at pH = 9.80 were 347.3 +/- 34 IU/ml and 0.7 +/ 0.18 mmol/l, respectively. The pH optimum was 9.80 with 4-nitrophenylphosphate. L-Homoarginine and EDTA, but not L-phenylalanine, inhibited the enzyme. Magnesium above a concentration of 0.5 mmol/l has shown a protective effect against inhibition by 115, 156 and 250 mmol/l urea (final concentration). Sheep neutrophil alkaline phosphatase was found to be very heat-labile. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated a single band of activity with a relative mobility similar to that of the slow component of bone and liver isozymes. It is suggested from the above results that sheep neutrophil alkaline phosphatase shares several biochemical properties similar to those of hepatic bone tissue isozyme. PMID- 3234321 TI - Enzymes of the de novo and salvage pathways of purine synthesis in renal hypertrophy. Contrasting effects of early diabetes and unilateral nephrectomy. AB - Evidence for differences in the mechanism of renal growth in experimental diabetes and compensatory hypertrophy after unilateral nephrectomy (UN) has been obtained from measurements of the activity of enzymes of the de novo and salvage pathways of purine synthesis in the kidneys of diabetic and UN rats and in doubly lesioned animals. In diabetes, the activity of enzymes of both pathways increased. No effect of UN on the activity of any of these enzymes was observed, nor was the effect of the double lesion greater than the effect of diabetes alone. The activity of the pentose phosphate pathway increased in diabetes but not as a result of UN. Again, the effect of the double lesion was no different from that of diabetes alone. These results indicate that the accretion of nucleic acids in diabetes involves a larger component of de novo synthesis, contrasting with UN, where depressed breakdown may play a significant role. PMID- 3234322 TI - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. PMID- 3234323 TI - Patterns of daily energy expenditure in normal and marginally undernourished school-aged Colombian children. AB - Using minute-by-minute heart rate recording, the pattern of energy expenditure (EE), total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and energy expenditure in activity (EAC) were measured in 132 boys and 110 girls 6-8, 10-12 and 14-16 years of age during ordinary school days. The children were living under economically deprived conditions in Colombia; 70 boys and 59 girls were classified as having marginal malnutrition of sufficient degree to retard growth and sexual maturation. EE, TDEE and EAC increased with age, were in general less in undernourished than control subjects and less in girls than in boys. The age and nutritional group effects were ascribable to differences in lean body mass (LBM). However, the reduced activity in girls was greater than could be accounted for by differences in LBM and are probably the result of cultural pressures. Thus, at the levels of normal activity encountered during school days, the reduced energy expenditure found in undernourished children can be accounted for by differences in body size. PMID- 3234324 TI - Influence of dietary intervention on artificially increased activity in marginally undernourished Colombian boys. AB - Studies of the pattern of daily energy expenditure (EE), total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and energy expended in activity (EAC) have been carried out in 14 nutritionally normal and 19 marginally malnourished, free-living boys 10-12 years of age using the minute-by-minute heart rate recording technique. Measurements were made during an ordinary school day and again about 6 months later under conditions of a summer day-camp where the activity levels were artificially increased by encouragement to participate in supervised sports activities and play. The morning and afternoon activities were separated by a dietary intervention in the form of a hot meal providing approximately 3.2 MJ (760 kcal). In the morning sessions of the day-camp the undernourished boys did not keep up with the control group by increasing their EE. However, for about 2 h following the noon meal, they did increase EE to levels comparable to the control group but again reduced their EE later in the afternoon and earlier than the control subjects. The data show an inability of undernourished boys to increase their activity which is positively affected for a short period by dietary intervention. PMID- 3234325 TI - Blood pressure and excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in 8- and 9-year old boys from 19 European centres. AB - We have measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure and excretions of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in groups of about 50 8- and 9-year-old boys from 19 European centres using standardized methods for the measurement of blood pressure and collection of urine, and by carrying out all analyses in one laboratory. Weight, height, pulse rate and environmental temperature were also studied. Mean systolic blood pressure ranged from 91 to 105 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure from 51 to 66 mm Hg. Mean 24-h excretion of sodium was between 91 and 146 mmol/d, that of potassium between 29 and 60 mmol/d, that of calcium between 1.5 and 2.6 mmol/d and that of magnesium between 2.7 and 4.2 mmol/d. Mean sodium excretion tended to be lower and potassium excretion tended to be higher in the boys from the north-western parts of Europe. Relations between either systolic or diastolic blood pressure and electrolyte excretions were generally weak or absent. Most remarkable is that only the association between mean diastolic blood pressure and 24-h magnesium excretion (partial regression coefficient (b +/- s.e., -5.04 +/- 2.08 mm Hg/mmol/d) was statistically significant after adjusting for differences in creatinine excretion and environmental temperature. Mean systolic blood pressure was not significantly related with any of the variables measured. The partial regression coefficient (b +/- s.e.) for diastolic blood pressure on weight was 0.186 +/- 0.062 mm Hg/kg, on height 0.165 +/- 0.056 mm Hg/cm, on pulse rate 0.364 +/- 0.100 mm Hg/beats per min and on outside temperature -0.25 +/- 0.07 mm Hg/degrees C. PMID- 3234326 TI - Comparison of Gomez and Waterlow classifications in a follow-up study among pre school children. AB - Two classifications, widely used for assessing malnutrition, those of Gomez and Waterlow, were examined for concordance in a follow-up study. Unlike in cross sectional studies, the classifications should reflect the changes in the nutritional status of individuals over a period of time. A method of cross classification is illustrated for assessing these changes. Data were collected on 95 children from a village and on 74 children from an urban slum. Children were measured twice for weight and height, at an interval of 17 months in the village and 12 months in the slum. The usual way of comparing estimates of malnutrition in the initial and final rounds of a follow-up study would not reveal the shifts of individuals from one grade to another grade of malnutrition. The method illustrated in this paper, on the contrary, is able to identify individuals who improve, deteriorate or show no change in their nutritional status. It was found in this follow-up study that identical conclusions were reached by both classifications in only about 17 per cent of the children, whereas about 40 per cent showed only partial concordance (ie, between Gomez and either wasting only or stunting only). PMID- 3234327 TI - Between-group differences in basal metabolic rates: an analysis of data collected in Scotland, the Gambia and Thailand. AB - Basal metabolic rate (BMR; using the Douglas bag method), body weight, and fat free mass (FFM; using the skinfold method) were measured in 46 Scottish and 47 Gambian women in the non-pregnant non-lactating state and in 91 Scottish, 50 Gambian and 52 Thai women early in pregnancy. There were significant between country differences in BMR (1) in absolute terms (MJ/d), (2) per kg body weight and (3) per kg FFM. However, these differences probably resulted from differences between the groups in average body weight and body composition. Differences per kg body weight were in part explained by differences in body fat content and the relatively low metabolic rate of adipose tissue. Differences in BMR/kg FFM were largely explained by between-group differences in the mass of the FFM, together with the finding that within each group, the BMR/kg FFM tended to decrease as weight increased. There were no significant differences in BMR between Scottish, Gambian and Thai women of similar FFM. There were, therefore, no apparent effects on BMR due to differences in race, climate, diet or nutritional status. Differences in the composition of the FFM could explain the 15 per cent lower BMR/kg FFM in the heaviest compared to the lightest subjects. This brings into question the widespread practice of using FFM as a metabolic reference standard. In contrast, BMR divided by the square root of FFM was similar in all three countries: for non-pregnant women, in MJ/kg0.5/d (mean and s.d.), Scotland 0.87 (0.07) and The Gambia 0.89 (0.07), and for pregnant women, Scotland 0.86 (0.07), The Gambia 0.87 (0.06) and Thailand 0.87 (0.08), and this may be a useful basis for comparing different groups in future. The accuracy of two equations for predicting BMR was assessed. The equation of FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) accurately predicted, from body weight, the average BMR of Scottish women, but under estimated the average BMR of Gambian and Thai women by 5-10 per cent. The equation of Garby et al. (1988), which predicts BMR from FFM and fat mass, under estimated the BMR of Scottish, Gambian and Thai women by 5, 10 and 14 per cent respectively, with the largest error within each group being for subjects with the smallest FFM. PMID- 3234328 TI - Factors affecting bioelectrical impedance measurements in humans. AB - In several groups of young healthy subjects the effect of the ingestion of a meal, of drinking normal tea or beef tea, of exercise and of the menstrual cycle on body impedance was assessed. The day-to-day reproducibility of the method was also investigated under standardized conditions. Two to four hours after ingestion of a meal, body impedance had decreased by about 13-17 Ohms in comparison with body impedance in the fasting state. Drinking 200 ml of normal tea did not result in a change of body impedance, but drinking 200 ml beef tea lowered the body impedance significantly by 4 +/- 4 Ohms. Moderate exercise on a bicycle ergometer (90 min, 100 W) did not influence body impedance, but strenuous exercise (90 min, 175 W) resulted in a decrease of 9 +/- 11 Ohms in body impedance. In general, changes in body impedance during the menstrual cycle were small, and only the difference between measurements of body impedance 1 week before the onset of the menstruation and again 1 week after menstruation (8 +/- 9 Ohms) was statistically significant. Under standardized conditions (in the morning, in the fasting state after emptying the bladder) the within-person between-day variation was found to be 2.8 per cent (13 Ohms). PMID- 3234329 TI - Dietitians improve diabetic control in general practice. AB - Fifteen diabetic patients with problems related to poor dietary adherence, ie, obesity, hyperlipoproteinaemia, high levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), were studied before and after the introduction of a dietary clinic to a general practice: none of these patients attend hospital for care of their diabetes. There was high patient acceptance of the offer of local dietary advice. Definite improvement in weight and hypertriglyceridaemia was shown with some evidence also of reduced HbA1C. Serum cholesterol levels were unchanged. PMID- 3234330 TI - Energy metabolism and requirements in different ethnic groups. AB - Some studies on energy metabolism of men and women in Third World countries suggested that their basal metabolic rate (BMR) is lower compared to BMRs of people in Northern European and American countries. It is, however, not clear whether this results from ethnic factors, climate or adaptation to, for instance, a low energy intake. A study on energy requirements of people from Third World countries has therefore been performed. People with different ethnic backgrounds participated; they were divided into four ethnic groups: 8 African males, 7 Asian males of Mongolian origin (Asian-M), 8 Asian males of Caucasian origin (Asian-C) and 7 European males, who formed the control group. The participants from outside Europe had spent at least 3 months in the Netherlands. All participants consumed a diet (12 per cent of energy from protein, 22 per cent from fat and 66 per cent from carbohydrate) during 8 d. The dietary energy given to each individual was estimated to maintain energy equilibrium during the experiment. The last 3 nights and 2 days were spent in an indirect whole-body calorimeter. Two 24-h energy expenditure (24hEE) measurements were performed on each subject. The environmental temperature inside the calorimeter was 22.0-24.5 degrees C. Physical activity was light, mainly sedentary, with 75 min bicycling at 15 W. The Asian subjects had a significantly lower body weight and fat-free mass than the Europeans. Energy requirement (ER), 24hEE and EE during the night (8 h sleep) was lower in the Asian and African subjects compared to the Europeans, but the difference only reached significance for the Asian-C and African males. When ER, 24hEE and EE-night were expressed in relation to body weight and fat-free mass the Asian groups showed a higher ER and higher EE than the Europeans. This result is contrary to findings of others and may be caused eg, by a higher body weight and fat-free mass of the European controls. Comparison of EE-night with BMR estimated from FAO/WHO/UNU equations showed that the EE-night was consistently lower by about 9 per cent. This suggests that EE during the night may not be predicted by the BMR estimated by widely used equations. This study does not give conclusive evidence that an ethnic factor is involved in energy metabolism in humans. PMID- 3234331 TI - Small bowel bacterial overgrowth: a cause of malnutrition in the elderly? AB - A study was conducted to examine the effect of small bowel contamination on the nutritional status in the elderly. Dietary assessment and anthropometric measurements were used to assess malnutrition. Sixteen elderly patients were studied before and after regular treatment with antibiotics. A significant gain in body weight, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference and arm muscle circumference was noticed after eliminating bacterial overgrowth of the small bowel. Occult malabsorption due to bacterial overgrowth should therefore be considered as a cause of malnutrition in the elderly. PMID- 3234332 TI - An improved voltage measurement device for gel electrophoresis in tube apparatus. AB - A device for the measurement of voltage across tube gels was designed and constructed which allows one to measure voltage during electrophoresis without any manipulation of the gel electrophoresis apparatus or gel tube and with the elimination of a source of inaccuracy in previous such devices. PMID- 3234333 TI - Rat liver cytosolic protein changes after ethanol exposure studied by two dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Rats were fed liquid food containing ethanol in concentrations ranging from 1-5% for 13 weeks. Livers were removed for histopathology and the liver cytosolic protein fraction was prepared and used for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Polypeptides were visualized by silver staining. Scanning was made for estimation of the relative abundance of protein in each polypeptide spot in the gels and for comparison between rats. Visual inspection and scanning of gels with the stained polypeptide spots obtained after equilibrium isoelectric focusing and non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis revealed that: 1) within the control rat and ethanol-treated rat livers the numbers of polypeptide spots detected using isoelectric focusing in the first dimension were approximately 500 and for non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis 400; 2) in the control group the variation in the estimated amount of protein in each spot was remarkably small; 3) pronounced differences in the relative abundance of protein in several of the spots was observed in the ethanol-exposed rats as compared to controls. Dose response relations and possible causes for the effects of ethanol are discussed. PMID- 3234335 TI - Horizontal two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients using PhastSystem. AB - Protocols for horizontal two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients in the first dimension were modified for horizontal micro two dimensional electrophoresis using PhastSystem. Different equilibration conditions of the first-dimensional immobilized pH gradient gel strip prior to second dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were evaluated. Silver stained two-dimensional patterns were obtained within 3.5 h. PMID- 3234334 TI - A simple, inexpensive method for the salt-free concentration of proteins for analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - A rapid, inexpensive method for the salt-free concentration of small quantities of proteins for analysis by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) has been developed. Proteins adsorbed to diatomaceous earth are subsequently removed using either sodium dodecyl sulfate or urea solubilization reagents for 2D-PAGE analysis. This procedure has been found to concentrate proteins having wide ranges of molecular weight and charge. It is also valuable for the concentration of large numbers of small samples from cells cultured in vitro. PMID- 3234336 TI - Production of monospecific antisera by immunization with precipitin line leads to misinterpretation of immunoblot. AB - Immunoblotting displays an artifact in the preparation of monospecific antibodies from immunocomplexes cut out of line immunoelectrophoresis. Agarose induces the formation of antibodies towards a 68 KDa protein which is contained in commercial agarose. PMID- 3234337 TI - Calculating "threeborate" ion mobilities at different ionic strengths and temperatures. AB - The mobilities of the "threeborate" ion at different temperatures and ionic strengths are calculated using previously published equations for calculating the mobilities of composed ions. PMID- 3234338 TI - Low voltage isoelectric focusing for the study of red cell acid phosphatase polymorphism: improved phenotyping and better agreement with the Hardy Weinberg distribution. AB - A low voltage isoelectric focusing (IEF) method for typing human red cell acid phosphatase (ACPl) polymorphism is reported. A clear differentiation of the ACPl*A, ACPl*B and ACPl*C allelic products is obtained by minimizing diffusion of the bands during electrophoresis and during enzyme visualization by using a hydrophilic cellophane film soaked with the substrate solution, heated to 50 degrees C, and by reading without incubation in a moist chamber. A population study of ACPl, carried out with this method, on a sample of 624 unrelated individuals of the population of Rome (gene frequencies: ACPl*A = 0.267; ACPl*B = 0.680; ACPl*C = 0.053), showed a good agreement between the observed and expected phenotype distribution (chi 2/2 = 1.35; 0.70 greater than p greater than 0.50). PMID- 3234339 TI - Immobilized pH gradients: effect of salts, added carrier ampholytes and voltage gradients on protein patterns. AB - Salts formed from strong acids and bases (e.g. NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2HPO4), present in a protein sample applied to an immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gel, induce protein modification (oxidation of iron moiety in hemoglobin) already at low levels (5 mM) and irreversible denaturation (precipitation) at higher levels (greater than 50 mM). This effect is due to production of strongly alkaline cationic and strongly acidic anionic boundaries formed by the splitting of the salt's ion constituents, as the protein zone is not and can not be buffered by the surrounding gel until it physically migrates into the gel matrix. Substitution of "strong" salts in the sample zone with salts formed by weak acids and bases, e.g.. Tris-acetate, Tris-glycinate, Good's buffers such as (N-[2-acetamido]-2 iminodiacetic acid (ADA), (2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-amino] ethanesulfonic acid (ACES), (3-[N-morpholino]propane sulfonic acid (MOPS), essentially abolishes both phenomena, oxidation and irreversible denaturation. Suppression of "strong" salt's effects is also achieved by adding, to the sample zone, carrier ampholytes in amounts proportional to the salt present (e.g. by maintaining a salt: carrier ampholytes molar ratio of at least 1:1). This suppression is due to the strong buffering power of the added carrier ampholytes, able to counteract drastic pH changes in the two moving boundaries. A reduction of these deleterious effects of strong salts is also achieved when the IPG run is performed at low voltage for a prolonged time (4 h at 500 V instead of only 1 h at 500 V, before switching to high-voltage settings). Guidelines are given for trouble-free IPG operations. PMID- 3234340 TI - Effect of salt on the performance of immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing gels. AB - The effect of salt and buffer ions in the sample or in an immobilized pH gradient (IPG) on sample entry into the gel and on the final focused pattern are presented. During the initial phase of electrofocusing, ions present in the gel, either as counter ions to the immobilized charge groups of the IPG gel or added to the gel matrix during the rehydration process, are transported toward the electrodes. For ions present at a concentration exceeding approximately 1 mM the transport can be followed by the refractile line marking the trailing edge of an ion-containing zone. Gradual sample entry may be achieved by applying the sample at a site (near the anode or cathode) opposite to that from which the sharpest refractile line, marking the ion present in the highest concentration, approaches the sample. Additionally, lateral band spreading of the sample is avoided. Thus, sample applied at the cathode for IPG gels rehydrated with 1-2 mM Tris base, or at the anode for gels rehydrated with 1-2 mM acetic acid or sodium acetate, enters the gel matrix gradually without lateral band spreading. In contrast, sample applied at the anode, for Tris-containing gels, or at the cathode, for acetate-containing gels, enters rapidly in a sharp zone when the refractile line reaches the sample zone. This results in a high local protein concentration in the zone immediately behind the boundary with lateral band spreading.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234341 TI - Different patterns of human serum transferrin on isoelectric focusing using synthetic carrier ampholytes or immobilized pH gradients. AB - Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of human serum transferrin allows splitting of the protein pattern into three forms corresponding to the diferric, monoferric and apoform. A detailed analysis of this pattern, performed on transferrin at different degrees of iron saturation, demonstrated that free Ampholine carrier ampholytes (CA) alter the expected results, always giving a complex pattern with multiple bands. In particular, the monoferric form appears to be the predominant one, regardless of the starting saturation of transferrin. In contrast to IEF-CA, the new technique of IEF in immobilized pH gradients (IPG), shows a much simpler pattern with the same samples. Moreover, the different transferrin forms are focused at the same pI values as in IEF-CA but the pattern appears to correspond to the expected distribution. IPG analysis gives a pattern similar to IEF-CA when free Ampholine CA are added either to the samples and/or as electrode solutions. A chelating action of Ampholine CA on Fe+3 might be responsible for these effects, while Immobilines, due to their different chemical nature or to the different focusing procedure, are not able to interact with iron. PMID- 3234342 TI - Influence of flow and diffusion on protein separation in a continuous flow electrophoresis cell: computation procedure. AB - Continuous flow zone electrophoresis is an efficient method for the non destructive separation of biological materials in a flowing film of buffer solution in which the constituents of a sample are separated according to their electrophoretic mobilities, under the influence of an electric field. This paper deals with modeling of flow structure of the buffer solution taking into account the effect of electroosmosis, Joule heating and thermal free convection and the forced convection of axial flow. Modeling of diffusion is examined in a second part. The modeling equations and the corresponding boundary conditions are solved by finite difference methods. The various parameters affecting the quality of the fractionation are analyzed. PMID- 3234343 TI - A continuous acetic acid system for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of gliadins and other prolamines. AB - A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system buffered by acetic acid alone was developed for electrophoresis of prolamines. When applied to gliadin electrophoresis, the acetic acid system produces more bands than does a conventional aluminum lactate-lactic acid system (using 12% acrylamide gels). The acetic acid system is relatively simple, requiring a single buffer component that is universally available in high purity. PMID- 3234344 TI - Cryoglobulinemia: analysis of isotype, idiotype and antibody activity by composite gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. AB - Improved methods for high resolution composite gel electrophoresis under dissociating conditions and electrophoretic transfer of immunoglobulins (Mr 150,000-1,800,000) to nitrocellulose have been developed. Using these techniques and highly specific antisera to detect either light or heavy chains on nitrocellulose transfers, the immunoglobulin and clonal composition of washed cryoglobulins (3 micrograms each) could be determined within two days. The results were confirmed by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting of selected samples. In addition, the method was used for detection of an idiotypic determinant and rheumatoid factor activity within components of the cryoglobulins. PMID- 3234345 TI - Isoelectric focusing of catalase from acatalasemic mouse and human blood, and cultured human skin fibroblasts. AB - Hemolysates of normal, heterozygous hypocatalasemic and acatalasemic mice and of Japanese acatalasemic subjects were separated into three fractions, A, B and C, by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and pI values of A, B and C fractions were determined by isoelectric focusing. The pI value of catalase in the A, B and C fractions increased in the order of normal, hypocatalasemic and acatalasemic mouse blood. The results obtained from Japanese acatalasemic blood samples showed that the pI values of catalase in the A, B and C fractions were similar to those in normal blood. Catalase in Japanese acatalasemic cultured skin fibroblasts was also analyzed by isoelectric focusing. The pI values of catalase in the extract from the cultured skin acatalasemic fibroblasts was similar to that in normal fibroblasts. PMID- 3234346 TI - Purification and characterization of three forms of class III alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - We have resolved and characterized three forms of human and rat hepatic class III alcohol dehydrogenase. Separations were carried out in narrow immobilized pH gradients. Both in humans and rats the three forms were visualized by enzyme staining with cinnamol, but not with ethanol. They were insensitive to the inhibitory effect of pyrazole. The isoelectric points were approximately from 6.3 6.4, from 5.9-6.0 and 5.6. Each electroeluted enzyme extract, purified further by analytical isoelectric focusing over the pH range from 5-6 or 6-7, revealed a single band by enzyme and silver staining and by Western blotting followed by avidin-biotin staining. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate of each extract revealed a single molecular mass species corresponding to class III alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). All forms of class III alcohol dehydrogenase were recognized by antisera raised against total class III ADH. PMID- 3234347 TI - Automatic classification of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis pictures by heuristic clustering analysis: a step toward machine learning. AB - The interpretation of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) profiles can be facilitated by artificial intelligence and machine learning programs. We have incorporated into our 2-DGE computer analysis system (termed MELANIE-Medical Electrophoresis Analysis Interactive Expert system) a program which automatically classifies 2-DGE patterns using heuristic clustering analysis. This program is a step toward machine learning. In this publication, we describe the classification method and the preliminary results obtained with liver biopsy electrophoretograms. Heuristic clustering is also compared to other classification techniques. PMID- 3234348 TI - An improved method of high-voltage isoelectric focusing on cellulose acetate membranes. AB - An apparatus and the procedure for cellulose acetate isoelectric focusing were refined and optimized for routine use in clinical laboratories. The space in the electrophoretic chamber was minimized to maintain high humidity during the run. The water content of the thin cellulose acetate membranes in the chamber was well controlled during isoelectric focusing and the effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide was also excluded. The temperature of the membranes was kept below 2 degrees C, even under conditions of high electric field strength for faster isoelectric focusing of high-molecular-weight proteins. No special training was required for technicians in clinical laboratories to obtain reproducible isoelectric profiles of human serum proteins. PMID- 3234349 TI - PI Mtoyoura: a new PI M subtype found by separator and hybrid isoelectric focusing. AB - In the course of a population study of alpha 1-antitrypsin polymorphism by separator isoelectric focusing, a variant phenotype having a somewhat narrower spacing than PI M1M3 was observed in a Japanese blood donor. Family studies by hybrid isoelectric focusing in a carrier ampholyte-supplemented immobilized pH gradient from 4.35-4.65 revealed that the products of the responsible gene, PI*Mtoyoura, were extremely close but slightly cathodal to those of PI*M1. The difference in isoelectric point between them corresponded to the resolving limit of isoelectric focusing. For this reason, although the propositus' father was deduced to have the genotype PI*M1/PI*Mtoyoura, the products of these two genes failed to form a double band pattern. Thus, the gene frequency for PI*Mtoyoura was unknown. These findings, however, indicate that a further microheterogeneity in the PI M subtype exists at least in the Japanese. PMID- 3234350 TI - Hydrophobic interaction electrophoresis under high hydrostatic pressure: study of the effects of pressure upon the interaction of serum albumin with a long-chain aliphatic ligand. AB - Hydrophobic affinity electrophoresis under high hydrostatic pressure has been developed to study the interaction between fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin and a long-chain aliphatic ligand physically immobilized within the gel matrix. From apparent association constants at various pressures and temperatures, apparent thermodynamic parameters including the volume change in binding were calculated. The results are as expected for hydrophobic interactions between the long-chain alkyl ligand and a high-affinity long-chain fatty acid binding site. The feasibility of high-pressure affinity electrophoresis is demonstrated. This new high-pressure technique provides a direct means for studying quantitatively the effects of pressure upon protein-ligand interactions. It could become a suitable tool for the investigation of protein binding sites' topography. PMID- 3234351 TI - Physical identification of a virus in a crude leaf extract by its Ferguson plot in agarose gel electrophoresis. AB - Crude extracts of turnip crinkle virus upon agarose gel electrophoresis yield (i) virus patterns unperturbed by contaminants; (ii) plots of mobility vs. gel concentration (Ferguson plots) parallel with those of the purified virus. The parallelism suggests similarity in size and shape but a lower net charge for the crude virus. This result is obtained when gel electrophoresis is carried out either in a continuous buffer or in a discontinuous (moving boundary electrophoresis) buffer system. The latter mode has the substantial benefit of electrophoretic (auto-)concentration of dilute virus sample prior to resolution. Thus, the Ferguson plot analysis in a discontinuous buffer system of turnip crinkle virus can be viewed as a model procedure for the physical identification of other viruses contained in dilute extracts, feasible even in the absence of a prior knowledge as to the nature of, or isolation of, the virus. PMID- 3234352 TI - Properties of thin-rod immobilized pH gradients. AB - Immobilized pH gradient gel rods, 1.5 mm in diameter, were cast with a manifold connected to high-precision burettes. The reproducibility of gel length was ca. 1.7 mm. The average standard deviation sigma x for spot position was 2 mm after one-dimensional and 5.8 mm after two-dimensional runs. In order to bring to completion the elution of the salt fronts into the electrode compartments, carrier ampholytes had to be included in the gel formulation at concentrations of at least 0.5-1%, depending on the pH range. The presence of carrier ampholytes, however, was troublesome in two respects: the gel tended to shrink and the cathodic bands drifted with time. Ionic components in the sample were tolerated up to the following concentrations: NaCl 8 mumoles, sodium dodecyl sulfate 10 micrograms per tube. In presence of non-ionic detergents, the gels moved as a whole towards the cathode. PMID- 3234353 TI - Isoelectric focusing analysis of antibody clonotype changes occurring during immune responses using immobilized pH gradients. AB - Serum was collected from rabbits at 2-day intervals following a single injection with tetanus toxoid or at weekly intervals following multiple injections with Micrococcus lysodeikticus cell walls. These sera were analyzed for the presence of individual clonotypes of specific anti-tetanus or anti-micrococcal antibodies by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients with added carrier ampholytes followed by affinity immunoblotting. The affinity immunoblots obtained clearly defined both the rapid disappearance and late appearance of distinct subsets of antibody clonotypes during the response. These data demonstrate the application of affinity immunoblotting combined with immobilized pH gradients for detecting the subtle changes in specific antibody clonotype patterns which occur during an immune response. PMID- 3234354 TI - Somatic mutation studies in human lymphoid cells: the detectability of quantitative genetic variants in two-dimensional gels. AB - The feasibility of detecting quantitative genetic variants based on a decrease in the integrated intensity of polypeptide spots in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels of human lymphoblastoid cell clones was investigated. A battery of 65 spots on 115 gels was studied to determine the distribution of quantitative measures for spots where no mutation had occurred. The corresponding distribution for spots which have decreased integrated intensity as a result of a mutation at one of two alleles coding for the spot was investigated by quantitating spots for which mutations were known to have occurred. These two distributions allowed the estimation of the rates of false positive and false negative errors for any particular strategy aimed at detecting null mutations, and thus provides a basis for the design of efficient strategies. Our silver stained gels have sufficient reproducibility of spot integrated intensities so that, for situations in which the mutation rate is relatively high, it is practical to monitor a subset of spots for null variants using the same digitized images as are used to detect structural variants. PMID- 3234355 TI - Radically simplifying the Henry function. AB - We recently established that every ion has two radii - a geometrical one and an electrokinetic one. Using this principle, and in accordance with Henry's method of determining his function, f(ka), we have discovered that the Henry function can be radically simplified. The graphs of the proposed equation are plotted at different argument values. They are identical with the graphs plotted according to the Henry function. PMID- 3234356 TI - A quantitative theory of the Stern electric double layer. AB - A quantitative theory of the Stern electric double layer is suggested. It is based on the view that every ion possesses a geometrical and an electrokinetic radius, that the ionic atmosphere begins from the geometrical one, and that the difference between these radii is the Stern quantity delta. The equations of the mentioned radii and the quantity delta are established and the values of the different potentials characterizing an ion and its ionic atmosphere are determined. PMID- 3234357 TI - Wheat cultivar identification by a totally automatic soft-laser scanning densitometry and computer-aided analysis of protein electropherograms. AB - A computer-aided analysis based on soft-laser densitometry of electrophoretic patterns is described. The system has the potential to automatically identify wheat cultivars from normalized sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electropherograms. The principle encompasses autocalibration of the relative mobilities of components of the unknown pattern using standards of Mr that bracket each pattern on the pictures, automatic identification of peaks and baseline correction, and simplified estimation of the peak intensities. The algorithm provides a normalized array that can be automatically compared with a library of standard cultivar patterns in order to determine those having the highest similarity percentage. The outputs of the program are 1) relative similarity plots which show the percentage of similarity between the unknown cultivar to that of each of the common standard cultivars put in a pattern library, 2) the names of cultivars in the library having the most similar patterns and 3) computer-generated electrophoretic graphics of these cultivars. This system is not intended to identify closely related cultivars but it is particularly recommended for cultivar identification without well-trained personnel, familiar with band location and nomenclature. PMID- 3234358 TI - Enhancing the sensitivity of DNA detection and recovery from agarose gels. AB - By inserting nitrocellulose strips into agarose gels alongside the electrophoresed lanes and passing an electric current perpendicularly in the direction of the strips, highly efficient transfer of DNA bands onto the membrane in the form of concentrated dots is achieved. DNA detection limits by this technique are enhanced, at least three times as visualized by ethidium bromide fluorescence and at least twice more by radiolabeling. PMID- 3234359 TI - A motor-driven syringe-type gradient maker for forming immobilized pH gradient gels. AB - A motor driven gradient maker based on the commercial model (Jule Inc., Trumbull, CT) was designed for immobilized pH gradient gels to provide small volumes, rapid stirring and delivery, strict volume and temperature control and air exclusion. The device was constructed and by a convenient procedure yields highly reproducible gradients either in solution or on polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 3234360 TI - Orosomucoid 1 and orosomucoid 2 types in the Taiwanese and Japanese: evidence for five new orosomucoid variants. AB - The genetic polymorphisms of orosomucoid, ORM1 and ORM2, were analyzed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels and subsequent immunoprinting. Sera from 600 unrelated individuals in Taiwan and Japan were examined. Five new alleles, designated ORM1*7, ORM1*8, ORM1*4.2, ORM2*8 and ORM2*10, were observed together with common and rare alleles that have been found in the Japanese and the Filipinos. As compared with the Japanese, the Taiwanese have a higher frequency of ORM1*1, and a significantly lower frequency of ORM1*2.1. PMID- 3234361 TI - Proline hydroxylation alters the electrophoretic mobility of pulmonary surfactant associated protein A. AB - Studies from several laboratories involving amino acid analysis and sequencing of the Mr 35,000 pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins (SP-A) have detected hydroxyproline residues. These residues are present in a region with a collagen like sequence that has been revealed by direct amino acid sequencing and from the deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA clones coding for SP-A. We treated human lung tissue with tunicamycin to block N-glycosylation and with 2,2-dipyridyl to inhibit the hydroxylation of proline residues. The SP-A synthesized under these conditions showed a shift in apparent molecular weight to 27,000 and 29,000 compared to 29,000 and 31,000 for SP-A synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin alone. Dipyridyl treatment alone caused an alteration in electrophoretic mobility similar to that seen with tunicamycin, although this was more difficult to evaluate since changes in molecular weight due to glycosylation occurred under these conditions. These results indicate that proline hydroxylation in the collagen-like portion of SP-A decreases its electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 3234362 TI - Improved transfer of high molecular weight proteins using fabric-reinforced soft polyacrylamide gels. AB - Rapid transfer of electrophoretically separated, high molecular weight proteins from fabric-reinforced, soft, low-concentration polyacrylamide gels (3.5%T, 2.6%C) is described. Polyester fabrics proved useful for gel reinforcement during vertical slab gel electrophoresis. The fabric-reinforced gel retains its dimension during transfer, equilibration and drying, facilitating comparison of protein bands in the separation gel and transfer matrix. PMID- 3234363 TI - Linear Ferguson plots of polystyrene sulfate size standards for the quantitative agarose gel electrophoresis of subcellular particles. AB - Accurately standardized commercial polystyrene sulfate particles in agarose gel electrophoresis yield linear Ferguson plots at pH 7.4 over a gel concentration range up to 0.9% agarose which do not exhibit any significant sigmoidal curve elements, using either a discontinuous buffer system or a continuous buffer. Ferguson plots of these standard-sized particles were evaluated using alternatively a linear or convex model, by means of a newly developed set of programs (to be used in conjunction with program M-LAB) which (i) is sufficiently user-friendly to allow for quantitative agarose gel electrophoresis of subcellular-sized spherical particles based on their convex Ferguson plots with the same operational simplicity previously available for linear Ferguson plots only; (ii) simultaneously and interactively analyzes the Ferguson plots of all particles under consideration on the basis of an extended Ogston model. PMID- 3234364 TI - Flattening and/or expanding of pH gradients in isoelectric focusing gels exemplified with PhastSystem. AB - A simple method of flattening and/or expanding of pH gradients in isoelectric focusing is described for any pH interval desired: to modify pH gradients near one electrode a paper strip soaked with carrier ampholytes is applied onto the gel close to the opposite electrode. In order to flatten central parts of pH intervals paper strips are applied onto the gel at both electrodes. Conditions and criteria (e.g. amount and pH intervals of carrier ampholytes, width and localization of the paper strip, separation period) for optimization are presented with PhastSystem using ready-made gels with three different pH intervals and pI marker proteins (Pharmacia). Examples utilizing erythrocyte lysates are presented. PMID- 3234365 TI - Heterogeneity in copper and glycan content of ceruloplasmin in human serum differs in health and disease. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of human serum revealed two heterogeneity types of ceruloplasmin with different electrophoretic migration. The two types both consisted of peptides with Mr 150,000, 100,000 and 45,000, which were interpreted as native ceruloplasmin and two hydrolytic fragments. The two types were different in copper content, and one type could reversibly be changed into the other. The glycan microheterogeneity of ceruloplasmin was analyzed by crossed affinoimmunoelectrophoresis with free Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). A third of the ceruloplasmin molecules, both high and low copper type, bound to LCA and two thirds to WGA. The heterogeneity and the microheterogeneity of ceruloplasmin in two groups of patient sera were compared to sera from healthy individuals. The ceruloplasmin type with respect to copper content was a much better factor than either glycan microheterogeneity or total serum concentration in discriminating between the three groups. PMID- 3234366 TI - A double-label two-dimensional procedure for the analysis of membrane proteins. AB - A previously described double-label two-dimensional electrophoresis procedure (Wheeler et al., Anal. Biochem. 1986 159, 1-7) for the analysis of differences between two complex mixtures of soluble proteins has been modified to allow analysis of proteins requiring detergent for aqueous solubility. The samples are first disrupted by sonication and the insoluble proteins concentrated by high speed centrifugation. The proteins are then solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate and further concentrated in a centrifugal concentrator to achieve protein mixtures suitable for labeling with 14C and 3H by reductive methylation and subsequent two-dimensional electrophoresis. The sample concentration step is quick, minimizes the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate in the final sample, and avoids the potential difficulties associated with lyophilization or precipitation. The modified procedure was applied to the analysis of erythrocyte membranes, platelets and isolated placental microvilli. The high resolving power of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is retained and the procedure is sensitive because the conditions of labeling allow substantial incorporation of radioactivity into protein despite the presence of detergent. PMID- 3234367 TI - Ferguson plots based on absolute mobilities in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: dependence of linearity of polymerization conditions and application to the determination of free mobility. AB - In contrast to Ferguson plots based on relative mobilities, Ferguson plots of proteins in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis based on their absolute mobilities were found to be linear under unusual polymerization conditions which yield relatively wide gel fibers and a low total fiber length per unit weight, but not under previously and commonly used conditions. These linear Ferguson plots in gels of 1, 3 and 5% crosslinking intersect at a single gel concentration between 1 and 2% T (M-point). It is postulated that the measure of free mobility of the proteins is the M-point, and not the intercept of their Ferguson plots with the mobility axis as assumed previously. This postulate abolishes the well-known paradoxical interpretation of the increase with %C of the linearly extrapolated intercept of the Ferguson plot with the log(mobility) axis (designated Yo) in terms of free mobility. The postulate is also compatible with the interpretation of the points of intersection of the Ferguson plots of oligomeric series of proteins at finite gel concentrations (designated mu-points) as their common free mobilities. PMID- 3234368 TI - Conditions for improved adsorption of calmodulin to nitrocellulose: detection by 45Ca binding. AB - The 45Ca filtration method which allows calcium-binding proteins to be detected after their adsorption to nitrocellulose filters was used to test conditions for improved Western blotting of calmodulin. Our results indicate that dodecyl sulphate is not efficiently removed from calmodulin during electroelution in standard transfer buffers. This detergent disrupts binding of calmodulin to nitrocellulose. Electrotransfer in potassium buffer which precipitates dodecyl sulphate leads to a 6-fold increase in calmodulin retention by nitrocellulose. With this and other modifications, the detection limit of the 45Ca overlay method of Maruyama et al. (J. Biochem. 1984, 95, 511-519) for calmodulin is increased to 0.2 microgram per lane. PMID- 3234369 TI - Determination of molecular mass, Stokes' radius, frictional coefficient and isomer-type of non-denatured proteins by time-dependent pore gradient gel electrophoresis. AB - Molecular mass, Stoke's radius, frictional coefficient and isomer-type of non denatured proteins can be obtained by time-dependent gradient gel electrophoresis by evaluating the resulting data using a two-step mathematical procedure. Provided a histochemical staining procedure is available to locate the position of an enzyme in the gel, crude cell extracts can be used for estimating their molecular size properties. The computation of molecular properties of non denatured proteins is demonstrated for isozymes of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.42) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) from current-year needles of spruce. The resulting data as well as those which were calculated for esterase (EC 3.1.1.1), glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.4), isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.42), and shikimate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.25) are in accordance with those reported in the literature. The method described may be applied to various scientific areas such as genetics or environmental pollution. It could be shown here that current-year needles of injured spruce (damage class 3) contained two more peroxidase isozymes and one more glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isozyme than those from non-injured trees. These differences may mark two genotypes of spruce of different susceptibilities towards present-day air and soil pollutants. PMID- 3234370 TI - Comparative study of electrophoretic patterns of latex proteins from clones of Hevea brasiliensis. AB - Latex serum proteins from Hevea brasiliensis were studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins from whole serum and fractions isolated by gel chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 44 were analyzed. No qualitative clonal differences were found in the protein patterns of whole latex or in the fractions but laser densitometry revealed reliable quantitative differences in protein composition. Reproducible mobilities and molecular weights of selected bands were obtained both within single gels as well as in different gels, analyzing several lots of latex received at various times from a Hevea experimental field station. The clones compared were IAN 710, GV 31, GV 42; the first one had the highest rubber yields. PMID- 3234371 TI - Purification of cellulases from Streptomyces strain A20 by electroendosmotic preparative electrophoresis. AB - Five cellulase components were identified and purified in one step from Streptomyces strain A20 using electroendosmotic preparative electrophoresis. By this procedure up to 18 mg of protein mixture could be loaded on the column, with an estimated recovery of 60-70% of total activity; activity and protein recovery could be estimated 32% and 47% respectively, if only activity peaks were considered. In comparison to other purification methods, this technique results in high protein recovery and resolution of applied samples. PMID- 3234372 TI - Characterization of human skin fibroblast extracellular proteins by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Human skin fibroblasts secrete over 50 proteins into the culture medium. In this paper these are characterised using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and peptide mapping of proteins metabolically labelled in the presence and absence of tunicamycin. Thirty of these proteins have been shown to be N-glycosides, 4 are O-glycosides and 10 are not glycosylated. Of the major proteins, groups 1-4 have previously been shown to be fibroblast specific. Peptide mapping and tunicamycin treatment has identified that groups 1 and 2, and 3 and 4 are closely related and that groups 1 and 3 arise by N-glycosylation of 2 and 4, respectively. The unglycosylated precursor forms of several other proteins have also been identified. This approach to the analysis of protein secretion provides an abundance of information on many proteins simultaneously and can be used to assess the changes in protein secretion associated with development, and to identify extracellular growth factors and other regulatory proteins. PMID- 3234373 TI - A simple method for preparation of molecular weight marker proteins for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by photopolymerizations of hemoglobin subunits. AB - Photoirradiation of globin, obtained from human hemoglobin, in the presence of oxygen and protoporphyrin produced a series of polymers of globin subunits ranging from dimer to dodecamer. These polymers are useful as molecular weight markers because they cover a relatively wide range of molecular weights (Mr 15,500-186,000) with a constant and narrow interval of Mr 15,500. PMID- 3234374 TI - Specific antigen detection by immunoelectroendosmosis. AB - A novel approach to the immunological stage of immunoblotting is described. The method employs the phenomenon of electroendosmosis to bring the antibodies sequentially into contact with the antigen. Using a three-stage peroxidase antiperoxidase system for human group specific protein (Gc) phenotyping, it has been shown that the method has comparable sensitivity, is more rapid and is more economical of antibodies than a similar multi-stage immerse-and-wash system. PMID- 3234375 TI - Paper symposium: Electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in forensic science. PMID- 3234376 TI - The end of an era--and a new beginning? PMID- 3234377 TI - Optimized oligonucleotide probes for DNA fingerprinting. AB - The three different simple repetitive oligonucleotide probes (CT)8, (CAC)5 and (TCC)5 were hybridized to a panel of human DNAs which had been digested with the restriction endonucleases Alu I, Hinf I and Mbo I. The resulting DNA fingerprints were analyzed and different parameters calculated, such as the maximal mean allele frequency and the average number of polymorphic bands per individual. The highest number of bands was obtained after hybridization of Hinf I digested DNA with (CAC)5. The probability of finding the same band pattern as in individual A in individual B is 2 x 10(-8). The DNAs of monozygous twins show indistinguishable banding patterns and the bands are inherited according to the Mendelian laws. Thus this procedure reveals informative fingerprints that can be used for individual identification, e.g. in paternity testing and in forensic applications. In most of these experiments 32P-labelled probes were employed, yet the biotinylated oligonucleotide (GACA)4 produced results which were equivalent to those obtained by hybridization with the 32P-labelled probe (GACA)4. PMID- 3234378 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis of human lymphocyte proteins: two-dimensional polymorphisms and paternity testing. AB - Genetic polymorphisms of seven human lymphocyte proteins, analyzed by two dimensional electrophoresis, were evaluated in respect to their suitability for paternity testing. Current data of an enlarged family and population study for five proteins (p23, p30, p40, p60, p66), already described for a smaller population sample of Southern Germany, are presented together with evidence for a new polymorphic protein (p42), recently observed in our survey. These six proteins occurred in isoelectric focusing as two different variants, acidic (a) and basic (b). The genetic basis of the protein variations was ascertained (i) by the presence of homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes, (ii) by the Mendelian mode of transmission of the variants as allelic gene products within 17 families and (iii) by the demonstration of a gene-dosage dependence comparing the spot intensities in homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes. For quantitative data, laser densitometric scanning of the protein spots followed by computer-assisted quantitative evaluation of the spot intensities was performed. The allele frequencies of the polymorphic protein were calculated from the phenotype distributions within a sample of 56 unrelated individuals from Southern Germany. Gene frequencies of the common alleles ranged between 0.991 and 0.518. To discuss the suitability of the two-dimensional polymorphisms for paternity testing the theoretical exclusion probabilities were assessed for seven polymorphic proteins observed in our population sample, the six polymorphisms with two alleles described here and a further polymorphism (p75) with six alleles. For five proteins (p23, p40, p42, p66 and p75) we found sufficiently high values for the theoretical exclusion probabilities, ranging from 10% to 34%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234379 TI - Subtyping of orosomucoid 1 (ORM1) by isoelectric focusing in agarose and polyacrylamide gels. AB - Genetic polymorphism of orosomucoid (ORM) has been demonstrated in several populations and comprises two structural gene loci, ORM1 and ORM2. In Caucasians three common ORM1 alleles have been shown, while the ORM2 locus is almost monomorphic. ORM1 phenotyping by isoelectric focusing in agarose or polyacrylamide gel combined with either print immunofixation or enzyme-linked immunoblotting is described, and population and family data from Denmark and Southern Germany are given. It is proposed to use a different alpha-numerical nomenclature for the phenotypes of the ORM1 and ORM2 systems. PMID- 3234380 TI - The genetic haptoglobin polymorphism: relevance of paternity assessment. AB - A practical method for haptoglobin subtyping is described utilizing fast sample preparation by means of batch adsorption to DEAE-cellulose and subsequent isoelectric focusing of reductively cleaved samples. The expanded haptoglobin polymorphism leads to an increase of the theoretical paternity exclusion rate to approximately 33%. Hence, the system appears to be highly attractive for paternity assessment. PMID- 3234381 TI - The group specific component/vitamin D binding protein (GC/DBP) system in the analysis of disputed paternities. AB - The group-specific component (GC) was discovered in 1959, and in the same year a vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in human plasma was found; however, their identity was established as late as 1975. In the GC/DBP system three common alleles, GC*1F, GC*1S, and GC*2, determine six GC phenotypes: 1F, 1S, 2, 1F-1S, 2 1F and 2-1S, these common alleles having been found in all human populations studied. In addition, more than 120 GC variants have been discovered, with varying frequencies in different populations. The distribution of the common GC phenotypes and the presence of rare GC variant phenotypes render the GC/DBP system useful for the analysis of disputed paternities. PMID- 3234382 TI - Genetic polymorphism of human alpha 2HS-glycoprotein: characterization and application to forensic hemogenetics. AB - Human alpha 2HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) phenotypes were studied by isoelectric focusing of native and desialyzed samples followed by passive immunoblotting. At present a total of 15 different alleles could be distinguished. The usefulness of AHSG polymorphism in the field of forensic hemogenetics was demonstrated by markedly high variability at AHSG locus, reliability of phenotyping results and stability in blood stains. PMID- 3234383 TI - Characterization of genetic variants of human serum transferrin by isoelectric focusing: comparison between conventional and immobilized pH gradients, and application to a protocol for paternity testing. AB - The polymorphism of transferrin (Tf) is currently being studied by isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholyte-generated pH gradients, carrier ampholyte-separator pH gradients or in immobilized pH gradients. Details for obtaining reproducible results with each of the three procedures are outlined. The effectiveness of pretreatment of serum samples with ferrous/ferric salts is discussed, and incubation times optimized after spectrophotometric measurement of the monoferric Tf conversion. Most of the presently available commercial batches of carrier ampholytes do not reliably discriminate the six common TfC subtypes. Resolution of C1, C3 and C2 was achieved by adding 20 to 90 mM HEPES slab gels prepared with various carrier ampholytes. Isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholyte-separator pH gradients cannot be recommended as a standard typing procedure because the results strongly depend on the batch of carrier ampholytes. Tf subtype resolution was only achieved by using isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients with pH slopes reliably reproducible from one experiment to another. Two major shortcomings of immobilized pH gradients are a marked tendency to protein precipitation at the application site and an interaction of proteins with the charged matrix. A protocol for Tf subtyping in immobilized pH gradients is described, based on prior desialylation of samples instead of pretreatment with iron. Sample entry into the matrix was optimized by addition of 5 mM Tris to the gels, and initially running them at low voltage. Recommendations are provided for the application of Tf typing for paternity testing. PMID- 3234384 TI - Factor B (BF) subtyping by isoelectric focusing: methods, nomenclatures, genetics and forensic application. AB - Usually factor B (BF) typing is performed by means of the traditional agarose gel electrophoresis. Using isoelectric focusing, the system can be extended by two common subtypes of BF F. The existence of BF F subtypes has in the meantime been confirmed by various authors and in different populations. Their inheritance has been proven by family- and mother/child analyses and molecular-genetic studies (correlation with restriction fragment length polymorphism). Different typing methods as well as different nomenclatures seem to indicate that the subtypes FA and FB (according to Geserick et al.) are identical with the Fb and Fa subtypes (according to Teng and Tan). At present, some confusion still exists for the less frequent variants and subtypes which possibly could be identified by direct comparison of the patterns. The BF system is a valuable marker in paternity testing. Its chance for exclusion of paternity in Caucasian populations has been calculated to be about 14% for agarose gel electrophoresis and increases to about 16% for BF F subtyping by isoelectric focusing. Preliminary results indicate that BF may also be used for typing of bloodstains (up to 2 weeks old). PMID- 3234385 TI - Application of plasminogen polymorphism to forensic hemogenetics. AB - Plasminogen polymorphism (PLG) has attained considerable importance in forensic hemogenetics. PLG comprises two common, codominant autosomal alleles, PLG*A and PLG*B, more than 18 variants, and the silent allele PLG*Q0. Isoelectric focusing followed by functional or immunochemical detection seems to be the optimal method for the determination of phenotypes. PLG*A is the most common allele in all populations, having its highest frequency in Mongoloids, Amerindians and Eskimos, the lowest in Caucasoids. The functionally inactive plasminogen M5 so far has been seen exclusively in Japanese individuals. Silent PLG alleles were only observed in the heterozygous state. No clear differences in functional activity or plasma level could be ascertained for any of the other allotypes. PLG polymorphism is now widely used for many haemogenetic investigations. From the allele distribution in European Caucasoids a single exclusion chance of 17.2% for non-fathers in paternity testing may be calculated. The major prerequisites of a new genetic marker in the parentage expertise, established Mendelian inheritance, favorable distribution of common alleles, low frequency of silent alleles, and simple reproducible typing technology, are fulfilled. PMID- 3234386 TI - Analysis of the genetic polymorphism of coagulation factor XIIIB (FXIIIB) by isoelectric focusing. AB - The genetic variants of the coagulation factor XIIIB (FXIIIB) were analyzed by isoelectric focusing, carried out in agarose gels and followed by immunofixation. The FXIIIB phenotypes were visualized by a combined staining procedure with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 and silver nitrate. Improved resolution was accomplished in polyacrylamide gels by hybrid isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients supplemented with carrier ampholytes. We examined a total of 1,604 unrelated, healthy individuals from Southern Germany. The frequencies for the FXIIIB alleles were B*1 = 0.7581, B*2 = 0.0843, B*3 = 0.1568 and B*4 = 0.0019. The theoretical exclusion rate for disputed paternity is 22.35%. PMID- 3234387 TI - Two new esterase D (ESD) variants revealed by isoelectric focusing in agarose gel. AB - Using isoelectric focusing in thin-layer agarose gel (AGIF) with the narrow pH range of 4.5-5.4, a high resolution of esterase D (ESD) isozyme banding patterns has been achieved. Some variant phenotypes which could not be distinguished from common ESD types by conventional electrophoresis have shown different patterns after AGIF. The IEF method permitted the distinction of two further variants in the ESD system, tentatively named ESD Rehren and ESD Ravensburg. We recommend, therefore, that for the classification of ESD phenotypes a high resolution IEF technique should be used. PMID- 3234388 TI - The use of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein and group specific component in typing forensic blood samples for discriminative and investigative purposes. AB - Methods are described for phenotyping alpha 2HS-glycoprotein (A2HS) and group specific component (GC) in plasma and blood-stains. The methods have been developed to be sensitive, to provide unequivocal results and to give maximal information from minimal amounts of sample. In attempting to fulfill the last criterion, a new method is described for the simultaneous typing of alpha 2 HS glycoprotein and group-specific component from serum or plasma samples. The use of these proteins in determining the racial origin of a blood sample is also discussed. PMID- 3234389 TI - Eye-strain and changes in accommodation of the eye and in visual evoked potential following quantified visual load. PMID- 3234390 TI - The effects of VDT work on urinary excretion of catecholamines. PMID- 3234391 TI - Quantifying the effects of clothing for models of human response to the thermal environment. PMID- 3234392 TI - Modelling wrist-twisting strength of the elderly. PMID- 3234393 TI - Reproducibility of surface electromyogram and intra-abdominal pressure for use in ambulatory monitoring. PMID- 3234394 TI - Same-different reaction time to stimuli presented simultaneously to separate cerebral hemispheres. PMID- 3234395 TI - Research, publishing and editor responsibility. PMID- 3234396 TI - Contrasted diffusion and the use of CT scanner equipment in France. AB - During the last 4 years, there has been a rapid catching-up in the distribution level of CT-scanners in France. In a survey of CT-scanner utilization, data from all machines operating in the PACA Region in 1986, showed that the mean activity was 6,080 examinations per machine. The co-existence of both private and public medicine led to different use of materiel (5,500 to 5,800 exams per machine in the public versus 8,600 in the private sector and a higher productivity in the profit-making establishments. This difference was not explained by procedural variations in carrying out the technique, which appeared to be similar and standardized everywhere, but probably reflected patient selection (80% of ambulatory patients in the private sector, 25 to 50% in PTH). PMID- 3234397 TI - Balloon dilatation of iatrogenic urethral strictures. AB - Balloon dilatation of the urethra was performed in five patients with iatrogenic urethral strictures. The urethral strictures were successfully negotiated and dilated in all patients. Redilatation became necessary in a period ranging from 3 to 10 months. The authors believe that balloon dilatation of the urethra can be safely and successfully performed; the procedure produces minimal trauma and immediate relief of symptoms. PMID- 3234398 TI - Percutaneous antegrade dilatation of distal ureteral strictures and obstructions. AB - Since the first ureteral dilatations in experimental dogs were performed, the technique in human has been accepted and improved over the years. Balloon dilatation has been successful, but it has been very difficult or impossible to force the guide wires through long total strictures, especially those localized distally. In order to recanalize very narrow strictures or total occlusions located in the distal ureter, a modified angiographic technique was developed and tested in 12 ureters in 10 patients. PMID- 3234399 TI - MRI as an adjunct to echocardiography for the diagnostic imaging of cardiac masses. AB - Nine patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of the diagnostic evaluation for cardiac masses; eight of them had been preliminarily studied by 2D-echocardiography (US). MRI did not add to the US diagnostic information in patients affected by intracavitary masses. It represented the definitive diagnostic modality in two patients with intramural pathology: one with ventricular rhabdomyoma, the second with an echinococcyal cyst located within the left atrial wall. The complementary role of MRI to US in cardiac masses is discussed. PMID- 3234400 TI - Perineural spread of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: radiological and CT demonstration. AB - Perineural spread is well known to be the most insidious form of tumour spread of a number of head and neck malignancies. However, perineural extension of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NC) is a poorly recognized event. Four cases of perineural metastases from NC have been detected with pluridirectional tomography and CT. In 3 cases involvement of the Vidian nerve (nervus canalis pterygoidei) and pterygoid canal was observed. In a fourth patient, invasion of one pterygopalatine fossa and perineural spread along ipsilateral maxillary nerve with enlargement and erosion of the foramen rotundum was demonstrated. Radiological diagnosis of clinically unsuspected perineural tumour spread is important because it markedly influences treatment planning and prognosis of NC. PMID- 3234401 TI - The cranial base and calvaria index methods applied to Australian aborigine skulls. AB - Cranial base and calvaria indices were calculated on lateral skull radiographs of Australian aborigines, and compared with the values of one mummy, 4 prehistoric (fossil), and modern Scandinavian skulls. The aborigines had thicker calvarian bone and a lower forehead profile than the mummy and the modern skulls, but a higher frontal calvarium than the fossils. The aborigines may developmentally represent a link between prehistoric and modern man (including the mummy). PMID- 3234402 TI - CT features of recurrent lumbar disc herniation. AB - The CT findings of 29 patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation, confirmed at reoperation, were analyzed. The shape of the recurrent herniation varied from a shallow bulge to round or triangular mass. Every lesion presented density numbers compatible with disc material. An enhancement study was made in six cases, and the lesions remained non-enhanced. Density measurement on CT proved reliable in the differential diagnosis between recurrent disc herniation and postoperative scar. PMID- 3234403 TI - CT-assisted chemonucleolysis. AB - The safety and success rate of chemonucleolysis are largely dependent on correct needle insertion. The neurological complications of chemonucleolysis are related to inadvertent puncture of the dura, nerve root and/or spinal nerve. To avoid this complication, a puncture angle of 50 degrees to 60 degrees above the sagittal plane is widely recommended (1). Our CT study of the location of the spinal nerve L4-L5 and L5-S1 demonstrates a great variability of this location and also explains some of the possible hazards of 50 degrees to 60 degrees puncture (2). The CT-evaluation of the relationship between the nerve root, spinal nerve and apophyseal joint with respect to the puncture angle is suitable. In our experience, this method is helpful for fast, safe and easy insertion of the needle. PMID- 3234404 TI - Medial talo-calcaneal coalition. Case report. AB - Medial talo-calcaneal coalition is an uncommon developmental anomaly consisting of a bony projection arising from the postero-medial aspect of the sustentaculum tali, which may articulate with another bony projection from the medial aspect of the talus. Fibrous, cartilaginous or bony ankylosis may occur. It usually presents in adolescents, and causes pain following exercise. It may cause a lump, and can predispose to flat foot and early osteoarthrosis. This condition is easily overlooked on routine views of the ankle, and may require oblique views and tomography for its detection and clarification. PMID- 3234405 TI - Single exposure simultaneous acquisition of digital and conventional radiographs utilizing unaltered dose. AB - We describe the simultaneous acquisition of digital and conventional radiographs with a single standard radiographic exposure. A digitizable storage phosphor (ST Imaging Plate, FujiTM) is sandwiched into a radiographic cassette (X-Omatic, KodakTM) behind a conventional radiographic film-screen combination (Lanex medium screens, OC film, KodakTM). The barium fluorohalide storage phosphor is digitized with a helium-neon laser scanner (TCR 201, ToshibaTM), and the conventional radiograph is processed in the standard fashion (M7B, KodakTM). The storage phosphor is exposed by the "wasted" radiation normally exiting the back of the film-screen combination (32% of the cassette entrance dose at 141 kVp). At a standard exposure (6.3 mAs), the conventional radiograph is of unaltered quality, and the digital image appears to have an adequate signal-to-noise ratio for chest studies despite the lower exposure dose. This technique produces twin images of identical spatial and temporal registration and avoids the added radiation exposure normally required to carry out comparative studies. PMID- 3234406 TI - Use of a modified needle in antegrade transfemoral arterial approach for diagnostic and interventional procedures. AB - A modified needle for the antegrade transfemoral approach in diagnostic and interventional procedures is described that simplifies access to the superficial femoral artery, and that can easily be manufactured from standard puncture needles. PMID- 3234407 TI - Detection of left coronary artery stenosis by transoesophageal echocardiography. AB - The ability of transoesophageal echocardiography to visualize the left coronary artery was retrospectively analysed in 60 consecutive patients without clinical evidence of coronary artery disease. The left main coronary artery was visualized in 56 patients, the proximal circumflex in 34 patients and the proximal anterior descending artery in nine patients. Patency of these arteries was established in all these patients. Subsequently, a prospective study was undertaken in 23 patients with angiographically proven left coronary artery disease. Both the left main coronary artery and the circumflex artery were adequately visualized with transoesophageal echocardiography in all 23 patients, whereas the anterior descending artery was identified in three patients. The extent of stenosis in the left main coronary artery and the circumflex artery was correctly diagnosed in 18 patients. In five patients the degree of stenosis was overestimated. These findings indicate the potential of transoesophageal echocardiography to detect or exclude stenosis of both the left main coronary artery and circumflex artery. PMID- 3234408 TI - Late potentials in the acute phase of myocardial infarction indicate the risk of early ventricular fibrillation. AB - Late potentials occurring at the end of or after the QRS complex were recorded from the body surface by means of a high-gain ECG and the signal-averaging technique in 75 patients, within 24 h from the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Late potentials were found in 20 patients (26.7%). Out of this group, eight (40%) developed ventricular fibrillation. There was only one incident of ventricular fibrillation among 55 patients without late potentials (1.8%, P less than 0.001). The three-month mortality after myocardial infarction was slightly higher in individuals with late potentials: 15% vs. 11.5%, but this difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that the presence of late potentials recorded in the acute phase of myocardial infarction indicates a risk of ventricular fibrillation, but this was not associated with an increased mortality rate during the three-month follow-up. PMID- 3234409 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias and left ventricular function: one-year follow-up after myocardial infarction. AB - One hundred and one consecutive post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients were investigated with 24-h long-term ECG registration (LTER), exercise test and radionuclide angiocardiography (RNA) within one month of the MI and after six and 12 months. Patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or a high value in a quantified phase analysis (Phase SD) were found to have frequent ventricular arrhythmia and high Lown class. Significant correlations between LVEF or phase SD and the number of ventricular arrhythmias or Lown class were found (P less than 0.05). Frequent ventricular arrhythmias and high Lown class were also found in patients with inverse left ventricular wall movement at RNA. Prolonged QTc was found in patients with frequent ventricular arrhythmias. These connections were found at all three investigations during the follow-up year. A significant correlation was not observed between ventricular arrhythmias and exercise capacity, NYHA grouping, ST depression in an exercise test or symptoms of angina pectoris. More than 300 ventricular premature complexes (VPC) per 24 h was found to predict death during the follow-up year as was LVEF less than 30%; complex arrhythmia (i.e., the patient being in Lown classes 3-5) being the only factor to predict repeat-MI during the follow-up year. It is concluded, that ventricular arrhythmias in the post-MI patient reflect the left ventricular performance. Both LVEF and arrhythmias contribute univariately to the risk of death during the first year after an MI. Whether they both carry independent prognostic information for death must be studied in future larger trials. PMID- 3234410 TI - A comparative evaluation of the effects of propafenone and lidocaine on early ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing the antiarrhythmic effects of lidocaine (given intravenously as a bolus injection of 100 mg followed by an infusion of 2 mg min-1) and propafenone (given as a bolus of 105 mg followed by 300 mg orally every 8 h) was conducted in the first 24 h following acute myocardial infarction. Analysis of ventricular arrhythmias was carried out by Holter recordings. The three treatment groups, propafenone (36 patients), lidocaine (28 patients), and placebo (25 patients), did not differ with respect to age, gender, prevalence of previous infarction, delay from the onset of pain to hospitalization, clinical features on entry (the patients with heart failure or malignant arrhythmias were excluded), site of acute myocardial infarction, or CPK peak. A decrease in the number of ventricular premature beats was noted with lidocaine, but was not statistically significant. The analysis of the first 8 h showed trends suggesting that only lidocaine could suppress complex arrhythmias, couplets and ventricular tachycardia. The drugs were well tolerated. Mean plasma concentrations of propafenone and lidocaine were 517 +/- 464 ng ml-1 and 3.84 +/- 1.10 mg l-1, respectively. In conclusion, this study does not favour the use of propafenone as an alternative to lidocaine therapy during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. PMID- 3234411 TI - Diltiazem in comparison with metoprolol in stable angina pectoris. AB - The efficacy of diltiazem in comparison with metoprolol in chronic stable angina was assessed in 33 male patients during a 15-week blind cross-over study. After an initial two-week run-in period, baseline measurements were made. Subsequently, the patients entered a blind cross-over study consisting of two six-week treatment periods with diltiazem 240 mg (60 mg q.i.d.) or metoprolol 200 mg (100 mg b.i.d.). Dose adjustment to either 360 mg diltiazem (120 t.i.d.) or 400 mg metoprolol (200 b.i.d.) was allowed two weeks after the start of treatment. There was a one-week washout period between the two treatment periods. Compared to baseline values both drugs reduced the number of anginal attacks (diltiazem - 55%, P = 0.02; metoprolol - 73%, P = 0.01) and showed improvement of the measured exercise variables (exercise duration: diltiazem + 16%, P less than 0.001; metoprolol + 4%, P = NS; time to angina: diltiazem + 21%, P = 0.02, metoprolol + 14%, P = NS; maximal ST-depression: diltiazem + 13%, P = NS, metoprolol + 33%, P = 0.002). No significant change in LVEF was noticed. Both drugs reduced the mean heart rate on Holter tape (diltiazem - 11%, P = 0.006; metoprolol - 14%, P = 0.004). No effects on conduction were noticed. Although at the borderline of significance, diltiazem increased the total exercise duration as compared to metoprolol (16 vs. 4%, P = 0.05). It is concluded that diltiazem improves exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris and appears to be a safe and effective alternative to the beta-blocking agent metoprolol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234412 TI - Efficacy of intravenous dipyridamole with exercise in thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. AB - To assess the feasibility and the value of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging with intravenous dipyridamole in combination with low-level exercise, 81 patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease were studied. All patients underwent coronary arteriography. Significant coronary artery disease (stenoses greater than or equal to 50%) was present in 59 patients (73%); multivessel disease (double- and triple-vessel disease) was observed in 33 patients (42%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the test were 78% and 86%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of multivessel disease were 70% and 92%, respectively. The sensitivity for detecting coronary artery disease in the RCA, LAD, and LCX was 74%, 82% and 48%, respectively, and the specificity was 85%, 88% and 88%, respectively. With the combined procedure no serious side effects were observed. Mild side effects like headache, vertigo and nausea were seen in 12 patients (15%). Twenty volunteers with a less than or equal to 1% likelihood of significant coronary artery disease were examined in the same manner to determine the maximal specificity of the procedure (100%). Thus, the combination of two different stress procedures (exercise testing and dipyridamole infusion) can be performed safely without serious side effects. The presence, location and extent of significant coronary artery disease can be assessed to a similar degree as with conventional exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy, which has major implications for the detection of coronary artery disease in patients who are unable to perform maximal exercise. PMID- 3234413 TI - Breathlessness, lung function and the risk of heart attack. AB - Men with moderate or severe breathlessness had a greater than two-fold risk of suffering a major ischaemic heart disease (IHD) event compared to men with no evidence of breathlessness, based on 7.5-year follow-up in a prospective study of 7735 British men aged 40-59 years. Even after adjustment for other risk factors, including cigarette smoking, the relative risk remained two-fold. Men in the lowest fifth of the forced expiratory volume is 1 s (FEV1) distribution also had a two-fold risk of IHD compared to men in the highest fifth after similar adjustment. In part, the role of breathlessness as a risk factor for major IHD events was explained by its strong association with pre-existing, but usually undiagnosed, IHD. However, breathlessness was associated with an increased risk of heart attack even in men without any evidence of pre-existing IHD at screening. FEV1 was related to risk of a major IHD event in men without evidence of pre-existing IHD at screening and in men with previously undiagnosed IHD detected at screening. Measures of breathlessness and lung function could be more widely used in clinical situations and in screening as additional independent indicators of both unrecognized IHD and of risk for major IHD events. PMID- 3234415 TI - Breathlessness and hypoxaemia in the upright position after right pneumonectomy. AB - Dyspnoea after pneumonectomy is considered to be rarely the result of an intracardiac shunt. We report on four patients who were suffering from the rare syndrome of breathlessness and hypoxaemia in the upright position after right pneumonectomy because of an open foramen ovale with a right to left shunt, although pressures in the right heart were normal. All patients showed striking arterial desaturation which responded insufficiently to breathing 100% oxygen. The arterial saturation became normal after surgical closure of the defect. PMID- 3234414 TI - Serial pulmonary blood volume changes with supine exercise in normal subjects and in coronary artery disease patients. AB - Relative changes in pulmonary blood volume (PBV) were assessed serially at first stage, peak and post-supine exercise in 13 young normal volunteers and 33 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Gated blood pool imaging was used with time corrected count calculation of a region over the lung and comparison to the rest image. In normal subjects, the PBV ratio did not change with exercise but dropped significantly immediately post-exercise. In CAD patients, the PBV ratio increased in the first exercise stage, increased further at peak exercise, and fell significantly following exercise cessation. In the three stages studied, significantly higher PBV ratios were demonstrated in the CAD patients compared to normal subjects, but with significant overlap between the two groups. No significant relation was found between PBV changes and the number of diseased vessels, severity score (Gensini), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, exercise-limiting symptoms, and left and right ventricular ejection fraction at rest and with exercise. Despite the different response of the PBV ratio to exercise between normals and CAD patients, a significant overlap limits the value of this ratio as a discriminator of the presence, severity or location of CAD. PMID- 3234416 TI - Functional status and left ventricular performance late after valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Relation to preoperative data. AB - Relations between preoperative data and status at one- and 10-year control and left ventricular performance (radionuclide angiocardiography) at follow-up 10-17 years (mean 12 years) after valve replacement (1965-73) for aortic stenosis were studied. Marked improvements at one-year were noted for New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes, cardiothorac index (CTI), and ECG hypertrophy (Romhilt-Estes) score. One-year status did not influence that at 10 years. In 59 patients who were in NYHA class I at one year, class I was maintained in 75% of those who were in class II preoperatively, compared with 47% of those who had been in class III, and 23% of those who had been in class IV, (P less than 0.05). The same relation to preoperative level was found for patients with CTI less than or equal to 0.50 at one-year control. The ECG score did not change after the first year. Left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG score greater than or equal to 4) was present in 90% and 84% of the patients at one and 10 years, respectively. Ejection fraction (EF) and peak filling rate (PFR) at follow-up were (mean +/- SD) 65 +/- 13% and 3.14 +/- 1.05 end-diastolic volume s-1, respectively; only 13 patients had a radionuclide study within the normal range for all parameters measured. A normal study was found predominantly in patients with complete regression of hypertrophy. Multiple linear regression models incorporating preoperative data allowed calculation of predicted EF (65 +/- 9) and PFR (3.17 +/- 0.92) which did not differ from the measured values. Functional status and left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance late after the operation depended closely on preoperative status. Improvements noted at one year were only temporary in patients with preoperative advance disease. Normal left ventricular performance late after valve replacement was related to complete reversibility of hypertrophy. Our results argue for operation in minimally symptomatic patients. PMID- 3234417 TI - Infective endocarditis in children with congenital heart disease: the changing spectrum, 1965-85. AB - Thirty-five episodes of infective endocarditis in 35 children with congenital heart disease, from January 1965 to December 1984, were reviewed. The incidence of infective endocarditis in cyanotic congenital heart defects increased with a concomitant decrease in the frequency of lesions with left to right shunt. The incidence of postoperative endocarditis decreased from 1:52 during the first decade to 1:1033 during the second decade. The time interval between onset of symptoms and the establishment of diagnosis and treatment shortened from 7.8 +/- 3.2 weeks (mean +/- SD) to 2.1 +/- 0.9 weeks. During the latter decade, positive blood cultures were obtained in 100% of patients, as compared with 60% during the former decade (P less than 0.05). Echocardiography demonstrated vegetations in 70% of the cases. Over the entire time period, streptococcus viridans was the most frequent pathogen (46%) and staphylococcus aureus second most frequent (17%). Six patients died, all were under two years of age and all had congestive heart failure. Early surgical correction of the congenital heart disease may offer the best form of prevention. PMID- 3234419 TI - Death and damage caused by multiple direct current shocks: studies in an animal model. AB - Patients who require multiple defibrillator shocks have a poor prognosis. In healthy greyhounds the acute mortality increased as the number of transthoracic shocks (400 J) applied increased (one shock 0/6: five shocks 8/18: 10 shocks 12/17 dogs died acutely from asystole or electromechanical dissociation). The appearance on electron microscopy of the myocardium of these dogs showed few specific abnormal features to account for the total contractile failure that occurs in these dogs. In the survivors, significant ST segment elevation was recorded from the precordial leads of the dogs receiving five and 10 shocks, but not those receiving a single shock. At three days there was significantly more macroscopic cardiac damage in the 10-shock (13.1 +/- 1.8 g) than in the five shock (7.2 +/- 2.0) group (P less than 0.05). One shock caused little damage. Hence a single high-energy shock was well tolerated in this model. Multiple shocks caused cardiac injury and acute pump failure. These studies indicate the need to reassess why patients die following multiple shocks, and re-emphasise the need for optimized first-shock effectiveness. PMID- 3234418 TI - Myocardial involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus detected by magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Myocardial involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus is commonly found at autopsy but seldom recognized clinically or by routine cardiological investigations. As the magnetic resonance relaxation parameter, T1, is altered by changes in tissue cellularity, we carried out magnetic resonance imaging in 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Five had active systemic lupus erythematosus when assessed using the lupus activity criteria count. The mean (+/ SD) T1 was 319 +/- 12 in normal volunteers and 321 +/- 10 in a second control group with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In the group with systemic lupus erythematosus, there was a higher mean value of 336 ms with a wider scatter of individual results (SD +/- 22 ms). In the subgroup of patients with active disease, T1 was significantly higher (349 +/- 24) than in either of the two control groups. In addition, there was an inverse correlation between serum complement and myocardial T1 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Myocardial abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus were demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging even where other non-invasive cardiac investigations were negative. We conclude that T1 calculated from magnetic resonance imaging is often abnormal in systemic lupus erythematosus and probably indicates myocardial involvement. PMID- 3234420 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of quadricuspid aortic valve. AB - Isolated quadricuspid aortic valve is very rare. The identification of this malformation can be made by cross-sectional echocardiography. Two cases of quadricuspid aortic valve diagnosed by cross-sectional echocardiography are described. PMID- 3234421 TI - Aortic wall lesion in balloon dilatation of coarctation of the aorta. AB - A successful balloon dilatation of a native coarctation of the aorta was done in a five-day-old child. Two days later she was operated upon because of critical aortic stenosis, but died. The post-mortem examination showed a lesion of the intima and media at the coarctation site, and it seemed that the adventitia alone was what prevented rupture of the vessel. PMID- 3234422 TI - Atypical polypoid adenomyoma--clinical histological and immunocytochemical findings. AB - The clinico-pathological features of four examples of a distinctive benign uterine neoplasm are presented which has previously been titled atypical adenomyoma. The patients were all nulliparous and premenopausal. All presented with menstrual disturbances. No tumour has recurred after hysterectomy (follow-up between 10 years and 10 months). All tumours arose from the corpus, three were localised lower segment polyps, one a diffuse polypoid involvement of the endometrium. Histologically all of the tumours showed very similar appearances with closely packed, regular, tubular glands lined by low columnar epithelium, resembling most closely basal endometrial glands and surrounded by benign connective tissue which by simple tinctorial methods appeared to be largely smooth muscle. No heterologous components were seen. In two cases squamous metaplasia was extensive, in one microcalcification was present. The histological appearances favour a type of benign mixed Mullerian tumour but the appearances are not typical of Mullerian adenofibroma. Immunocytochemistry performed on 3 cases confirmed that the stroma was in large part smooth muscle, though much of the stroma stained only weakly with monoclonal antidesmin antibody. PMID- 3234423 TI - Performance of the Cytobrush in patients at risk for cervical pathology: does it add anything to the wooden spatula? AB - In 130 high-risk patients for cervical pathology paired smears were obtained with a wooden spatula and a Cytobrush. The Cytobrush was useful in lowering the amount of inadequate smears (2 vs 22%, p less than or equal to 0.01), and detected more abnormal cytology in combination with the spatula compared to the spatula smear alone (27 vs 35%, p less than or equal to 0.05). In 6 cases, adequate false negative spatula smears, containing endocervical cells, were corrected by the Cytobrush. It is concluded that the Cytobrush is useful in lowering the amount of inadequate smears and false-negative cytology, while there is little evidence of false-positive cytology. The use of the wooden spatula/Cytobrush-combination is recommended in high risk populations. PMID- 3234424 TI - DNA profile and steroid receptor content of human ovarian cancer. AB - The cellular DNA content was measured in 37 biopsy specimens from human malignant ovarian tumours by flow cytometric analysis. The same specimens were processed for measurement of steroid receptor content. In 14 cases both parameters were investigated in different parts of the same tumour. The results showed that 54% of the tumours contained aneuploid cell populations. Approximately half of the specimens were oestrogen receptor positive whereas 43% contained progesterone receptors. Both ploidy level and steroid receptor content proved constant throughout the tumour, but no relation between the two parameters was demonstrated. PMID- 3234425 TI - Multifocal extraovarian serous carcinoma. A histochemical and immunohistochemical study. AB - Three cases of multifocal extraovarian serous carcinoma are presented. This rare, interesting tumor is characterized by a peritoneal carcinosis with ascites and by a histological pattern similar to one of the ovarian serous carcinoma without primary involvement of the ovaries. The pathological criteria for a differential diagnosis between this condition and a localization of ovarian carcinoma are discussed. Histochemical studies show the presence of mucins and the absence of ialuronic acid in the neoplastic cells. The positivity to the low molecular weight cytokeratins is strong in the normal mesothelial cells, and weak in the hyperplastic and neoplastic cells. The meaning of these findings in the tumoral histogenesis is discussed. PMID- 3234426 TI - Evaluation of the hormonal function of transposed ovaries in cervical cancer patients after surgery and pelvic irradiation. Preliminary report. AB - In 22 patients with stage I cervical cancer, 23-37 years of age, Wertheim-Meigs radical hysterectomy was performed with preservation of one or both ovaries transposed outside the pelvis. In 17 of these patients post-operative radiotherapy was applied: 5 cases were treated by brachytherapy only and 12 cases by brachy- plus teletherapy. For evaluation of the post-treatment hormonal function of gonads, serum FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone levels were assayed. It was found that gonad transposition without subsequent radiotherapy, as well as post-operative brachytherapy, induced no damage to hormonal function of ovaries during follow-up lasting 2-23 months. On the other hand, the castration syndrome occurred in 7 of 12 patients treated - apart from brachytherapy - also by teletherapy. An analysis of location of the transposed ovaries in relation to the external irradiation fields suggests that for preservation of the hormonal function the transposed ovary must be situated at a distance of at least several cms from the irradiated-field border. This distance can be obtained either surgically ("high" transposition) or by modification of the irradiation procedure: namely, in case of lateral transposition the anteroposterior pelvic field technique is recommended; in individual cases either additional shielding of ovary or lowering of the upper border of the irradiated fields may be applied. PMID- 3234427 TI - Immunological changes in human breast cancer. AB - In 38 breast cancer patients were examined the following immune system parameters: total and active T lymphocytes; killer cells; bastogenic response to Phytohaemaglutinin; leucocyte migration inhibition test with autologous tumor extract; serum immunoglobulins and phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida albicans. The immunological evaluations were made in pre-surgery and after each 3 months, during 18 months. In stage I practically there was no difference with controls. The active T lymphocytes were significant decreased until 15 months post surgery in stage II and in all samples stages III and IV. The response to Phytohaemaglutinin was diminished in all samples of stages II, III and IV. A recognition and sensitiveness to tumoral antigen were observed until 6 months post surgery in stage I and during checking time in the others stages. Respect to the phagocytic function only the intracellular killing mechanism failed at 3 months post surgery. PMID- 3234428 TI - The results of short-term (6 months) high-dose testosterone treatment on bone age and adult height in boys of excessively tall stature. AB - Forty-nine pubertal tall boys with a mean height prediction of 203.59 cm according to the Bayley-Pinneau (BP) method were treated prospectively with 500 mg testosterone-oenanthate every 2 weeks for a period of 6 months. Before therapy chronological age (CA) was 14.14 years and bone age (BA) 13.88 years using the Greulich-Pyle (GP) method. During therapy BA advanced by 1.37 years. It continued to accelerate during the 6 months following therapy with a mean delta BA/delta CA being 3.01 at 3 months and 2.24 at 6 months after therapy. The 6 months value was only slightly less than the delta BA/delta CA of 2.47 obtained during therapy. The reduction in adult height was 7.26 cm or 50.8% of the predicted further growth in 12 boys with a long-term follow up of 2.5 years. This is similar to the 51.6% or 9.63 cm observed in 50 boys with a long-term follow up after 14.25 month treatment until a BA of 17 years or more. It is concluded that in the majority of cases high-dose testosterone therapy in boys of tall stature can be limited to a 6-month treatment period. Reassessment of the height prediction after a 6-month interval without therapy should define those patients who have to resume treatment because of their remaining excessive growth potential. PMID- 3234430 TI - Subacute meningitis caused by Brucella: a diagnostic challenge. AB - A case of subacute meningitis caused by Brucella mellitensis is described. The meningitis was refractory to an antibiotic regime. Diagnosis was established by raised antibody titres to Brucella in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positive bone marrow and blood cultures. While treatment with tetracycline trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and streptomycin resulted in a dramatic clinical cure, the CSF findings returned only gradually to normal values over the ensuing 6 months. PMID- 3234429 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in two siblings with congenital leucocyte adhesion deficiency. AB - A sister and brother with congenital leucocyte adhesion deficiency developed systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). They showed polyarthritis, spiking fever, reddish eruptions, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and positive rheumatoid factor. Occurrence of JRA in our patients was thought to be mainly due to a combination of recurrent bacterial infections and abnormal lymphocyte function as a consequence of membrane adhesion-protein deficiency. In view of the familial occurrence, hereditary factors may have played a role in the development of JRA in our patients. PMID- 3234431 TI - Proteus syndrome versus Bannayan-Zonana syndrome: a problem in differential diagnosis. AB - The Proteus syndrome (PS) and the Bannayan-Zonana syndrome (BZS) both have multiple hamartomata as prominent features. Hemihypertrophy, macrodactyly, exostoses, skin lesions, scoliosis, and sporadic occurrence are seen in PS, whereas patients with BZS have macrocephaly and related craniofacial findings. BZS has been observed in families as an autosomal dominant trait. Although the two syndromes can be distinguished in most patients, there are features in common to both that may pose a diagnostic dilemma in an isolated case. We report the case of a 3-year-old girl with macrocephaly, macrodactyly, and superficial and intra-abdominal hamartomata who illustrates the problem of differentiating between PS and BZS. We compare this patient and another recently reported patient with other published cases of PS and BZS. Patients with PS, in general, show more extensive systemic involvement, including skeletal and cutaneous manifestations. Macrocephaly, seen in all reported patients with BZS, is also found in 14% of patients with PS. Overlap among syndromes which include hamartomata as prominent features suggests that they might be etiologically or pathogenetically related. The present case also illustrates the usefulness of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of mixed mesodermal hamartomata. PMID- 3234432 TI - Adenylosuccinase deficiency: an inborn error of purine nucleotide synthesis. AB - Clinical and biochemical data are presented on eight children with adenylosuccinase deficiency. This newly discovered inborn error of purine metabolism is characterized by an accumulation in body fluids of succinyladenosine (S-Ado) and succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide riboside (SAICA riboside), the dephosphorylated derivatives of the two substrates of adenylosuccinase. Six living children (three boys and three girls) and one deceased sibling displayed severe psychomotor retardation. Epilepsy was documented in five cases, autistic features in three, and growth retardation associated with muscular wasting in a brother and sister. In the cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and urine of these patients, the S-Ado/SAICA riboside ratio was between 1 and 2. In striking contrast, the eighth patient (a girl) was markedly less mentally retarded. Most noteworthy, the S-Ado/SAICA riboside ratio in her body fluids was around 5, suggesting that her milder psychomotor retardation was causally linked to this higher ratio. Adenylosuccinase deficiency was demonstrated in the liver of all seven living children, in the kidney of three patients in whom the enzymatic activity was measured, and in the muscle of three patients, including the two with muscular wasting. In fibroblasts of the six severely retarded patients, adenylosuccinase activity was reduced to approximately 40% of normal; in the patient with the higher S-Ado/SAICA riboside ratio, it reached only 6% of normal. The clinical heterogeneity of adenylosuccinase deficiency justifies systematic screening for the enzyme defect in unexplained neurological disease. PMID- 3234433 TI - Variability in clinical expression of Menkes syndrome. AB - Six patients with Menkes syndrome are described, who differ from patients with the classical form of Menkes syndrome because of their longer survival; some of them also exhibited a milder manifestation of symptoms. Based on the present data and a summary of seven case reports describing Menkes patients with long survival, it may be possible to divide these patients into two subgroups: one group of severely affected patients with long survival and another group of very mildly affected patients with late onset of symptoms. Perhaps only the latter represents a true subgroup of Menkes syndrome. The possible benefits of copper therapy are discussed. PMID- 3234434 TI - Birth weight of Italian infants of 30 weeks' gestation or less. AB - Mean birth weights and percentile charts are given for 161 singleton infants born between 24 and 30 weeks' gestation at the 2nd School of Medicine of Naples. This chart is the first for a Mediterranean population. Our data are similar to those reported from a United Kingdom population and from Japan, suggesting that ethnic differences in birth weight at this gestational age are unimportant. PMID- 3234436 TI - Serum creatinine and creatinine clearance in healthy neonates and prematures during the first 10 days of life. AB - Normal serum creatinine (Scr) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) values during the first 10 days of life were obtained in 63 very premature (28-32 weeks of gestation), premature (33-37 weeks) and term infants (38-42 weeks). Scr fell, and Ccr rose less markedly in the very premature infants. Scr was 80 mumol/l on the 1st day of life both in very premature and premature infants, and 77 mumol/l in full-term neonates. After 10 days, Scr was 73, 53 and 35 mumol/l respectively. There was an exponential correlation between Ccr and gestational age, indicating rapid maturation of glomerular function. PMID- 3234435 TI - Plasma concentrations of vitamin K1 and PIVKA-II in bottle-fed and breast-fed infants with and without vitamin K prophylaxis at birth. AB - Plasma vitamin K1 and proteins induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA) were assayed simultaneously 1-4 days and 29-35 days after delivery in three groups of infants: breast-fed not receiving vitamin K at birth (n = 12), bottle-fed without vitamin K administration at birth (n = 7) and breast-fed receiving 1 mg vitamin K1 administered by intramuscular injection at birth (n = 13). The bottle-fed infants had a significantly higher vitamin K1 plasma level than breast-fed infants who did not receive vitamin K1 at birth. Extremely high levels of vitamin K were obtained 1-4 days after intramuscular administration. At the age of 1 month, breast-fed infants had the same plasma vitamin K1 concentration whether or not they had received vitamin K1 supplements. Decarboxy prothrombin (PIVKA-II) a reliable indicator of biochemical vitamin K deficiency, was found in 5 out of 12 breast-fed and in 2 out of 6 bottle-fed infants who had not received supplemental vitamin K1 after birth. In a separate study, we followed up to 90 days after birth a larger group if infants. PIVKA-II was found with significantly greater frequency in breast-fed infants receiving no vitamin K than in breast-fed infants receiving 1 mg vitamin K intramuscularly at birth, or in bottle-fed infants without extra vitamin K1. These data form a strong argument for routine vitamin K prophylaxis after birth for all breast-fed infants. The optimum dose and manner of administration require further study. PMID- 3234437 TI - Urinary tract infections and diurnal incontinence in girls. AB - To evaluate a possible relationship between urinary tract infections (UTI) and diurnal incontinence (DIC), we studied 251 girls aged 4 years or more who were referred with a history of recurrent UTI and/or DIC. During follow up (mean 35 months), 110 girls (44%) had both UTI and DIC, 50 (20%) only infections, and 41 (16%) only DIC whereas 50 (20%) had neither infection nor DIC. In 110 girls with infections occurring with intervals of at least 6 and 12 months, DIC was definitively initiated by infection on 32 (19%) occasions. Most girls were continent before the infection occurred. When the girls remained free of infection for 6 or 12 months respectively, the frequency of DIC remained unchanged. In conclusion, no support for the concept of DIC leading to UTI was obtained, whereas the reverse was found in some cases and suggested in others. PMID- 3234438 TI - Effects of formula feeding on gastric acidity time and oesophageal pH monitoring data. AB - Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) occurs mainly during postcibal (PC) periods. The duration of PC gastric acidity and the incidence of GOR were analysed in 11 asymptomatic premature infants. GOR was studied during PC periods of 120 min and also during the following 120 min defined as fasting (FT) periods. These infants were subjected to simultaneous continuous gastric and oesophageal pH monitoring using a double-blind crossover technique. Two formulae with different fat contents (2.6 vs 3.6 g/100 ml) and different carbohydrate concentrations (8.1 vs 7.3 g/100 ml; malto-dextrin 2.8 vs 1.9 g/100 ml) were given. Gastric acidity (pH less than 4) in the PC periods lasted significantly (P less than 0.001) longer (68 min +/- 10) with the low fat/high malto-dextrin formula versus 43 min +/- 11 with the high fat/low malto-dextrin formula. Oesophageal pH monitoring data were within normal limits for the total investigation time in all infants. During PC periods acid GOR was detected more frequently in the group with a low fat formula. More PC GOR was recorded when the gastric acidity time was longer. PMID- 3234439 TI - Investigation of the nutritional state of children in a Congolese village. I. Anthropometrical data, plasma prealbumin, albumin, immunoglobulins, ferritin, C reactive protein, circulating immune complexes. AB - The nutritional status of an unselected group of 111 children from the village of Bouansa, People's Republic of the Congo, was studied. Comprehensive clinical examinations, anthropometrical measurements and analysis of albumin, prealbumin, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, IgG- and IgM-circulating immune complexes (CIC) were carried out. The results show, by anthropometrical classification, a high prevalence of moderate malnutrition. Low levels of plasma proteins and high levels of immunoglobulins and CIC were found. No correlation between anthropometrical classification and plasma proteins was established. Children with increased levels of CRP showed low prealbumin values and increased levels of ferritin. Patterns of immunoglobulins and CIC were close to those found in other studies in tropical countries. To evaluate the anthropometrical and biochemical findings it is necessary to take into consideration the apparently healthy appearance of the children, which shows the degree of adaptation to the limited availability of food and the high rate of acute and chronic infections. PMID- 3234440 TI - Investigation of the nutritional state of children in a Congolese village. II. Plasma fatty acid composition. AB - The fatty acid status of an unselected group of 84 Congolese children was determined by estimating the fatty acid composition of the plasma phospholipid (PL) and cholesterolester (CE) fractions using capillary gas chromatography. In comparison with North American and European children a wide range of values and low mean percentages (related to the fatty acids of a chain length of 14-24 carbon atoms) were found for the following fatty acids (mean +/- SD): linoleic acid (LA) (PL: 17.19 +/- 3.85; CE: 40.13 +/- 7.72); arachidonic acid (AA) (PL: 6.60 +/- 2.28; CE 4.32 +/- 1.71); dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHLA) (PL: 1.80 +/ 0.68; CE 0.41 +/- 0.22). On average, omega 3 fatty acids were higher than in reference groups, while similar values were found for the monoenoic and omega 9 fatty acids. No sample contained eicosatrienoic acid, 20:3 omega 9 (ETA) which, dependent on analytical methods, may be difficult to separate from behenic acid (22:0). Changes in the relation between the two lipid fractions occurred when the LA content in CE was less than 35%. Also the correlation between LA and AA in CE, which was significant below 35% LA (r = 0.84), changed with higher values for LA (r = 0.01). These findings may indicate that alterations in fatty acid metabolism occur when LA values in CE--which are supposed to be directly related to the dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids--fall below 35% of all fatty acids in this lipid fraction. PMID- 3234441 TI - Nephrotoxicity associated with ifosfamide. AB - Three patients developed a Fanconi syndrome with impairment of glomerular function (endogenous creatinine clearance 30-60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) during and/or after treatment with ifosfamide according to the SIOP-MMT 84 protocol in which ifosfamide was given in a dose of 3000 mg/m2 every 4 weeks over a 10-month period. The need for early substitution therapy in patients with the Fanconi syndrome is stressed. The renal lesions in our patients were irreversible. PMID- 3234443 TI - 'The cot in cot deaths'. PMID- 3234442 TI - Water intoxication in asthma assessed by urinary arginine vasopressin. AB - A 3-year-old girl with status asthmaticus developed a grand mal seizure in association with hyponatraemia after 16 h of fluid therapy. Urinary arginine vasopressin (AVP) was elevated during the attack and rose strikingly before the onset of the convulsion. In 13 of 17 other patients with moderately severe asthmatic attacks, increases in urinary AVP levels occurred before the initiation of treatment. Dilutional hyponatraemia (water intoxication) must be prevented in patients with severe asthmatic attacks in whom diuretic capacity is impaired. PMID- 3234444 TI - Cow's milk protein intolerance in infants with methaemo globinaemia and diarrhoea. PMID- 3234445 TI - Methaemoglobinaemia following metoclopramide. PMID- 3234446 TI - Apoprotein A and B values in children. PMID- 3234447 TI - "Cerebral" lactic acidosis and biotinidase deficiency. PMID- 3234448 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Zellweger syndrome by determination of trihydroxycoprostanic acid in amniotic fluid. PMID- 3234449 TI - New variant of hyperphenylalaninaemia with excretion of 7-substituted pterins. PMID- 3234450 TI - Vitamin K in infancy. PMID- 3234451 TI - Intracardiac causes of superior vena cava obstruction. AB - Most causes of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction are extracardiac. In rare instances, an intracardiac process may obstruct the venous return from the SVC. This is illustrated by a report of a patient with a congenital coronary artery fistula to the right atrium obstructing the SVC return. We propose a classification and clinical approach to the differential diagnosis of SVC obstruction. PMID- 3234452 TI - Does the capacity of working memory change with age? AB - Young and elderly adults were compared for recall performance on simple digit and word spans (traditional tests of primary memory), versus a "loaded" auditory word span test designed to emphasize working memory capacity. Although digit spans were identical for the two age groups, there were small but significant age differences in word span, and even larger differences in working memory performance. An analysis of correlations between span measures and verbal ability scores supported the position that working memory loading represents a special problem for the elderly. PMID- 3234453 TI - Age and individual differences in immediate and delayed effectiveness of mnemonic instructions. AB - Young and older adults' performance was followed over three paired-associate trials, one on each of three lists. All subjects received standard learning instructions prior to the first (baseline) list. Mnemonic instructions, given prior to the second list to half the subjects, had significantly greater immediate benefit for the older adults relative to the benefit of practice alone. However, there was a significant delayed effect of List 2 mnemonic instructions on List 3 performance for the young adults. All subjects, both young and old, showed greater gains in performance level from List 1 to List 2 than from List 2 to List 3. The implications of these findings for a production deficiency explanation of age-related performance differences are discussed. Scores on the WAIS-R Information subtest were significantly correlated with List 1 performance for the older adults, but not for the young. Self-reported anxiety level was no different for young and old and was unrelated to baseline or to subsequent list performance. PMID- 3234454 TI - Effects of chronic choline and lecithin on mouse hippocampal dendritic spine density. AB - Dendritic spines, which project from the dendrites of central neurons, are thought to contribute to the amount of contact area available for synaptic connections. The density of these spines has been found to correlate with learning and memory function, and there is a progressive decrease in dendritic spine density with aging. In addition, experimental animals given a choline enriched diet have an increase in neocortical spine density compared to controls. In this study, the dendritic spine density of hippocampal pyramidal cells was examined in aged mice which had received life-long choline enriched, choline deficient or lecithin enriched diets. These treatments had no effect on hippocampal dendritic spine density compared to control. The results indicate that dietary supplementation may have different effects in different brain areas and that the relative increase in learning and memory function in aged animals given a choline or lecithin enriched diet is not due to an increase in hippocampal dendritic spine density. PMID- 3234455 TI - Age differences in primary organization or processing variability? Part I: An examination of age and primary organization. AB - We compared young and elderly adults on the ability to serially recall sequences of letters assumed to be stored in secondary memory. The results showed that older adults recalled significantly fewer complete strings than younger adults. However, both age groups exhibited the same pattern of transitional error probabilities (TEPs), indicating that the two groups were chunking information in the same qualitative manner. Interestingly, though, the older adults exhibited higher TEP spikes (indicating stronger chunk bounderies) than did younger adults. These results do not support the view that there are qualitative age differences in primary organization, but the results do indicate that older adults have a secondary memory deficit. PMID- 3234456 TI - Age differences in primary organization or processing variability? Part II: Evidence for processing variability. AB - Young and older adults were compared on their ability to organize letter sets into "opaque" memory codes (letters were either transposed within or between imposed chunk boundaries on a secondary memory, recognition task). Also, processing variability (i.e., internal noise) was examined via signal detection methods. The data indicated that there were no qualitative age differences in the manner in which both groups organized opaque memory codes, although older adults did take significantly longer to respond. The results from the signal detection theory portion of the present experiment demonstrated that older adults' memory operating characteristic curves exhibited significantly more variability than those of the young. This suggested that an age difference in processing variability existed, rather than any appreciable age difference in the primary organization (i.e., the forming of opaque memory codes) of item order information. PMID- 3234457 TI - Subjective age, age identity, and middle-age adults. AB - A casual model of subjective age among middle-age working adults is proposed. Determinants of subjective age include chronological age, education, health, self esteem, financial satisfaction, and job satisfaction. Life satisfaction is used as an explanatory outcome. Using a sample of middle-age men, the results indicate that self-esteem and financial satisfaction were important mediators between chronological age and subjective age. In turn, positive and negative characteristics were associated with both a "younger" and "older" subjective age. The results contribute to the further understanding of adult development and the meaning of subjective age. PMID- 3234458 TI - Beliefs about fact retrieval and inferential reasoning across the adult lifespan. AB - This study deals with beliefs about question-answering processes involving "world knowledge" utilized by young, middle aged, and older adults. Questions intended to induce either fact retrieval or inferential reasoning were shown to younger (n = 37), middle aged (n = 37) and older (n = 37) adults in both a multiple choice and true/false format. Increasing age level was not related to decreased confidence in either fact retrieval or inferential reasoning. Global assessments about these question-answering processes involving "people in general" and self evaluations were taken from the same individuals. In contrast to personal confidence ratings, adults of all ages generally believed in declining fact retrieval abilities in old age. Inferential reasoning, however, often was believed to remain stable or even increase in ability level with increasing age. This was especially true in the assessments generated by older adults and in self evaluations. Thus, negative global beliefs about memory and aging may be present even when such global beliefs contradict item-specific judgments and personal beliefs about one's own cognition. PMID- 3234459 TI - Information on drug use in pregnancy from the Viewpoint Regional Drug Information Centre. AB - The need for information on drug use during pregnancy was assessed by reviewing the requests for information arriving at a drug information centre in the past nine years. Of all the queries received 24% concerned this aspect, of which the majority were focused on drug use during pregnancy. Mothers received an average of 2.6 prescriptions, most frequently for antiinfectives, psychotropics, hormones and non-narcotic analgesics. Questions were answered personally after a literature search. A profile of questions and a summary of model cases registered in the archives of the centre are reported. The evaluation confirmed the need for and value of a drug information service in relation to pregnancy, so as to avoid alarmist and falsely reassuring attitudes in a field where knowledge is often based on scanty information. PMID- 3234460 TI - Possible mechanisms of anti-cholinergic drug-induced bradycardia. AB - Atropine-induced bradycardia is traditionally ascribed to central vagal stimulation, although bradycardia has also been observed after administration of quarternary amines. Pirezepine, a selective M1-antagonist, causes bradycardia in therapeutic doses for which a peripheral mechanism is postulated. This hypothesis has been investigated in healthy volunteers. Atropine 0.5 mg caused significant bradycardia from 210 min and pirenzepine 10 mg after 60 min. After prior beta blockade, the bradycardic action of the anti-cholinergic drugs was more marked. Pirenzepine-induced bradycardia was reversed by higher doses of atropine. It is suggested that atropine- and pirenzepine-induced bradycardia results from M1 blockade of sympathetic ganglia. In addition, low concentrations of atropine and therapeutic doses of pirenzepine may cause an increase in acetylcholine, perhaps due to a presynaptic effect on nerve endings. PMID- 3234461 TI - The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin in man. AB - We have studied the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin (Ditropan) after single oral (5 mg) and intravenous administration (1 and 5 mg), and after repeated oral administration in healthy volunteers. Oxybutynin was rapidly absorbed, maximum plasma concentrations (8 ng.ml-1) being reached in less than 1 h. The absolute systemic availability averaged 6% and the tablet and solution forms displayed similar relative systemic availability. Plasma concentrations of oxybutynin fell biexponentially, the elimination half-life being about 2 h. There was a large interindividual variation in oxybutynin plasma concentrations. Almost no intact drug could be recovered in the urine. During repeated oral administration steady state was reached after eight days of treatment. The low absolute systemic availability of oxybutynin, the large interindividual variability in its plasma concentrations, and the apparent absence of intact oxybutynin in the urine suggest that its major pathway of elimination is hepatic metabolism. PMID- 3234462 TI - Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of enteric coated ketoprofen: effect of cimetidine. AB - The effect of cimetidine on the single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of enteric coated ketoprofen was studied in 12 healthy volunteers. Each subject completed two 8-day study treatment periods: either ketoprofen alone (100 mg p.o. twice daily), or co-administered with cimetidine (600 mg twice daily). tlag, Cmax, tmax, t1/2, and k for ketoprofen were not significantly different between single and multiple dose administration. AUC of ketoprofen was slightly but significantly larger following multiple (21.2 micrograms.h.ml-1) as compared to single dose administration (19.0 micrograms.h.ml-1). As a result, plasma clearance of ketoprofen was slightly but significantly reduced following multiple dose administration (80.6 ml/min vs 89.3 ml/min). Cimetidine had no effect on the single or multiple dose pharmacokinetics of enteric coated ketoprofen. Total 12-h urinary recovery of ketoprofen (mostly in the form of ketoprofen glucuronide) was 83.5% of the dose following single dose administration and was significantly greater following multiple dose administration (93.1%). Again cimetidine co administration had no effect on the single and multiple dose urinary recovery. The results of this study show that cimetidine is not affecting the oral pharmacokinetics of enteric coated ketoprofen. PMID- 3234463 TI - Differential effect of food on kinetics of bromocriptine in a modified release capsule and a conventional formulation. AB - The influence of food on release of drug from a modified release capsule of bromocriptine 5 mg (Parlodel SRO) and a conventional formulation of bromocriptine 5 mg has been studied in 8 healthy male volunteers. Both formulations produced objective and subjective effects, such as orthostatic reactions, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and nasal congestion. The modified release capsule caused fewer side-effects than the normal capsule. Both formulations had less cardiovascular effect in the fed than in the fasting state. There was no significant difference between the normal and the modified release capsules taken fasting or after a meal in terms of the AUC extrapolated to infinity. The relative bioavailability of the 5 mg modified release capsule was 84.6% of the normal capsule under fasting conditions and 107.5% after food. In contrast to the virtually unchanged extent of absorption, the rate of absorption was markedly affected by food, especially from the conventional capsule. The mean time of 50% absorption increased from 1.06 h (fasting) to 3.2 h (fed), whereas for the modified release capsule food mainly resulted in an increased lag time of absorption. The almost instantaneous dissolution of bromocriptine from the normal capsule in vitro (both in HCl and fasting human gastric juice) and the delay of absorption after a meal in vivo suggest that the rate limiting step in absorption of the normal capsules is delivery of released drug from the stomach to the small intestine, which is delayed by food. Both the modified release 5-mg capsule and the normal 5-mg capsule showed extended suppression of prolactin over 36 h, in all subjects, both fasted and after a meal. PMID- 3234464 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral bolus doses of L-carnitine in healthy subjects. AB - The pharmacokinetics of single intravenous and oral doses of L-carnitine 2 g and 6 g has been investigated in 6 healthy subjects on a low carnitine diet. Carnitine was more rapidly eliminated from plasma after the higher dose. Comparing the 2-g and 6-g doses, the t1/2 beta of the elimination phase (beta) was 6.5 h vs 3.9 h, the elimination constant was 0.40 vs 0.50 h-1 and the plasma carnitine clearance was 5.4 vs 6.1 1 x h-1 (p less than 0.025), thus showing dose related elimination. Saturable kinetics was not found in the range of doses given. The apparent volumes of distribution after the two doses were not significantly different and they were of the same order as the total body water. Urinary recoveries after the 2-g and 6-g doses were 70% and 82% during the first 24 h, respectively. Following the two oral dosing, there was no significant difference in AUCs of plasma carnitine. Urinary recoveries were 8% and 4% for the 2-g and 6-g doses during the first 24 h. The oral bioavailability of the 2-g dose was 16% and of the 6 h dose 5%. The results suggest that the mucosal absorption of carnitine is already saturated at the 2-g dose. PMID- 3234465 TI - Piroxicam in breast milk after long-term treatment. AB - The presence of piroxicam in breast milk was determined by HPTLC during initial and long term dosing in 4 women treated for arthritis. Piroxicam appeared in breast milk at about 1-3% of the maternal plasma concentration. No accumulation of piroxicam occurred in milk relative to that in plasma up to 52 days of treatment. Neither piroxicam nor its conjugates were detectable in the urine of one breast-fed infant. The daily dose ingested by the infant was calculated to average 3.5% (maximum 6.3%) of the weight-related maternal dose of piroxicam. It is concluded that a breast-fed infant will be exposed to a very small amount of piroxicam. PMID- 3234466 TI - Cadralazine pharmacokinetics--a pilot study. PMID- 3234467 TI - Simvastatin and bezafibrate: effects on serum lipoproteins and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in familial hypercholesterolaemia. AB - Sixteen subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia were randomly assigned to treatment with simvastatin 20-40 mg/day (an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl CoA reductase) or with bezafibrate 600 mg/day (a clofibrate analogue) for 12 weeks. Both drugs produced significant reductions in serum and LDL cholesterol; mean percentage fall -30.5% and -38.1% (simvastatin) and -17.8% and -20.6% (bezafibrate), respectively. Both drugs also caused a decrease in VLDL cholesterol, while only bezafibrate decreased the serum and VLDL triglyceride levels and increased HDL cholesterol and serum apolipoprotein A-I and A-II levels. Serum apolipoprotein B fell by 33.3% (simvastatin) and 15.7% (bezafibrate). Simvastatin and bezafibrate produced significant increases in the mean fractional esterification rate of LCAT, by +124.1% and +20.6%, respectively. Thus simvastatin was clearly more effective than bezafibrate in lowering LDL by enhancing its turnover, but bezafibrate had specific effects on VLDL and HDL that might be favourable in combined treatment regimens. PMID- 3234468 TI - Acute effects of amitriptyline on human performance and interactions with diazepam. AB - The effects of psychomotor performance and attention of amitriptyline 75 mg administered without and with diazepam 10 mg have been investigated in 12 healthy subjects. The effects of the compounds were evaluated by objective tests (measurement of body sway, critical flicker fusion, visual reaction time, tachistoscopy, short term visual memory, tapping test, arithmetical calculation and Clement's code) and subjective measurements (visual analogue scales and side effects questionnaire). Measurements were taken before treatment and after 1, 3, 6, 8 and 24 h. Placebo did not affect either the objective or the subjective measurements. Diazepam caused a reduction in attention and performance after 1 h which had disappeared at 3 h. Amitriptyline caused a marked reduction in attention and performance, reaching a peak 3 hours after drug administration and persisting until 8 h. the deterioration in vigilance induced by amitriptyline was potentiated by concomitant diazepam. PMID- 3234469 TI - Interaction of alcohol with maprotiline or nomifensine: echocardiographic and psychometric effects. AB - Eight healthy volunteers received low doses of maprotiline and nomifensine up to 50 mg b.d. for 15 days in a double-blind, cross-over, placebo controlled study, during which echocardiography and psychomotor testing were carried out before and after the intake of alcohol 1 g/kg. Maprotiline increased heart rate and cardiac output and reduced peripheral resistance compared to placebo and nomifensine. Nomifensine alone was associated with a slight decrease in heart rate. Alcohol alone caused a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure, but did not otherwise modify the cardiovascular measures. The antidepressants did not augment the effects of alcohol. Antidepressants alone had no effect on psychomotor skills, but alcohol always impaired performance. No additional effects of alcohol were produced by the antidepressants. It appears that practically important peripheral or central consequences are unlikely to follow drinking a moderate amount of alcohol during regular therapy with low therapeutic doses of catecholamine reuptake inhibiting antidepressants. Experimental studies of the interaction of antidepressants and alcohol in patients with chronic heart disease seem to be justified. PMID- 3234470 TI - Effect of lithium treatment on the GH-clonidine test in affective disorders. AB - The effects of short-term lithium (Li) administration on alpha 2-adrenoceptor sensitivity was studied in 10 healthy volunteers and in 15 patients with normothymic, phasic depressive disorders. The GH-clonidine test was used to examine alpha 2-adrenoceptor sensitivity, administered before and after Li treatment (600 mg/day for 7 days in controls and for 15 days in patients). Before treatment, the GH response to clonidine in the patients was blunted, and afterwards it tended to increase in the patients and it was significantly decreased in the controls. The difference between the response in the two groups was significant and was correlated both with the diagnosis and the pretreatment GH response to the stimulus. The opposing pattern of the response in patients and controls to Li administration suggests that the drug exerts a modulatory effect on alpha 2-adrenoceptor sensitivity, with up or down regulation inversely correlated with pretreatment status. PMID- 3234471 TI - In vivo and in vitro studies of the site of inhibitory action of omeprazole on adrenocortical steroidogenesis. AB - The site of omeprazole inhibition of adrenal steroidogenesis has been sought in vivo by analyzing the patterns of urinary steroid metabolite excretion after 6 days of treatment with placebo/omeprazole. Excretion rates of androsterone, aetiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 11 beta hydroxyandrosterone, tetrahydrocortisone, tetrahydrocortisol and alpha cortolone were reduced, indicating a block at an early step in steroidogenesis, possibly cholesterol side chain cleavage. In vitro studies have confirmed this finding by measuring conversion of added precursors to cortisol in isolated bovine adrenocortical cells. Cortisol synthesis from added 20 alpha hydroxycholesterol was inhibited by 83% in the presence of 100 micrograms omeprazole/ml. Conversion from pregnenolone and progesterone and their 17 alpha hydroxylated derivatives was inhibited by 20 40% whereas cortisol production from added 11 deoxycortisol was not affected. These data suggest that omeprazole primarily inhibits cholesterol cleavage and does not inhibit 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17 alpha hydroxylase or 11 beta hydroxylation; 21 hydroxylase activity may be marginally attenuated. PMID- 3234472 TI - Dosage guidelines for the use of vancomycin based on its pharmacokinetics in infants. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin and to develop optimal dosage guidelines in infants. Thirteen infants between the ages of 13 to 183 days were enrolled. All had been born prematurely, and average gestational age, postconceptional age, and actual body weight were 29.8 weeks, 38.2 weeks, and 2.1 kg respectively. Multiple blood samples were obtained from each patient after 72 h of therapy. Serum inhibitory and bactericidal titres were determined for peak and trough samples. There were good correlations between total body clearance of vancomycin and both postconceptional age (r = 0.86) and actual body weight (r = 0.87). This information was used to develop vancomycin dosage guidelines in premature infants. The regression line for vancomycin daily dosage requirements vs postconceptional age may be useful for determining initial dosage recommendations. There were also good correlations between vancomycin serum concentrations and serum inhibitory and cidal titres. Peak and trough concentrations in the therapeutic range (peak, 25-35 micrograms/ml; trough, 5-10 micrograms/ml) corresponded to titres of greater than or equal to 1:8 and 1:2 to 1:8 respectively. Based on these data we suggest the following dosage guidelines for vancomycin: 10 mg/kg 12 hourly for 30-34 weeks postconceptional age and less than 1.2 kg actual body weight; 10 mg/kg 8 hourly for 30-42 weeks postconceptional age and greater than 1.2 kg actual body weight; 10 mg/kg 6 hourly for greater than 42 weeks postconceptional age and greater than 2.0 kg actual body weight. Thus, doses which are lower than currently recommended are needed for infants born prematurely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234473 TI - Creation of four consecutive instantaneous steady-state plasma concentration plateaus of theophylline and enprofylline by repeated infusions with exponentially decreasing delivery rates. AB - Repeated exponentially decreasing infusions have been used to administer theophylline and enprofylline to show whether it would be feasible to create consecutive plasma concentration plateaus within a few hours. The infusions were carried out on two separate days in 8 stable asthmatics. Before the infusion experiments, the pharmacokinetics of the substances in the individual subjects were determined on a separate day. Plasma concentration rose to the desired level within 5 min after the start of the infusion at each dose level and a stable plasma concentration plateau was maintained during the following 90 min of the infusion. It was possible to achieve 4 subsequent concentration plateaus within a 6 h period. Use of this infusion method resulted in predictable plasma concentrations at all levels and so the method appears safe when the required plasma concentrations are below the toxic level. Apart from clinical situations where effective dosages of drugs must be administered rapidly, the method showed be useful in pharmacological dose-response studies. PMID- 3234474 TI - Bronchodilator effect and serum theophylline level after combined treatment with fenoterol and theophylline in reversible chronic airflow obstruction. AB - Sustained-release theophylline 10.1 mg/kg b.d. was given with placebo of fenoterol 2.5 mg t.d.s. to 12 patients with chronic airway obstruction. Fenoterol did not significantly affect the steady state serum theophylline trough level (11.84 micrograms/ml for fenoterol vs 11.10 micrograms/ml for placebo). Addition of fenoterol produced no further increase in spirometric function nor in clinical status. PMID- 3234475 TI - The relative systemic availability of ivermectin after administration as capsule, tablet, and oral solution. AB - Administration of 12-mg doses of ivermectin (H2B1a) to 12 healthy volunteers in the form of tablets, capsules, and alcoholic oral solution showed the solution to have approximately twice the systemic availability as either of the solid forms, as evidenced both by the maximum concentrations of drug attained in plasma and by the corresponding areas under the plasma concentration vs time curves. However, the two solid formulations showed similar systemic availability. PMID- 3234476 TI - Respiratory depression due to MST. A case report. PMID- 3234477 TI - Pre-trial drop-outs. PMID- 3234478 TI - The SH-H subgroup of cardiac M2 receptors (M2 alpha) inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. AB - Muscarinic receptors in the guinea-pig heart seem to consist entirely of M2 receptors, but are coupled with several responses including inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. On the other hand three affinity states (SH, H and L) can be distinguished in cardiac membranes with muscarinic agonists such as carbachol. We showed previously that the three agonist binding states were the sum of two equilibria (SH-H and H-L subgroup), both regulated by GTP-binding protein(s). In this study we determined which subgroup was responsible for the inhibitory effect of muscarinic M2 receptors on adenylate cyclase activity. The ED50 values for this response of four muscarinic agonists, acetylcholine, carbachol, pilocarpine and oxotremorine corresponded with the binding KD values of H (acetylcholine and carbachol) and LO/P (pilocarpine and oxotremorine) sites. After alkylation of spare receptors, the ED50 value of carbachol was changed from 4.3 to 5.6 microM, which corresponded with the KD value of the H site. Furthermore, the four agonists were almost fully active when membrane preparations were pretreated with propylbenzilylcholine mustard (PrBCM) in the presence of carbachol to destroy the H-L subgroup, whereas after pretreatment with PrBCM and atropine, which alkylated both types of subgroups evenly, the decrease in the number of receptors was proportional to the decrease in the inhibitory effect on adenylate cyclase activity. These results suggest that only the SH-H subgroup (M2 alpha) is responsible for the inhibitory action of muscarinic receptors on adenylate cyclase activity in the heart. PMID- 3234479 TI - Thiorphan and acetorphan inhibit gastric secretion by a central, non-opioid mechanism in the rat. AB - Thiorphan and its prodrug, acetorphan, are two inhibitors of enkephalinase (EC 3.4.24.11), a membrane-bound peptidase which plays an important role in the metabolic degradation of enkephalins. Since exogenous opioids have been reported to both stimulate and inhibit gastric secretion, the effects of thiorphan and acetorphan were studied in conscious rats equipped with chronic gastric fistulas. While i.v. thiorphan had no effect, both i.c.v. thiorphan and i.v. acetorphan potently inhibited the basal gastric acid output and the acid output stimulated by pentagastrin. Conversely, neither drug affected the histamine- or methacholine induced stimulation of acid secretion. Neither thiorphan or acetorphan had any effect on the acid secretion stimulated by a combination of pentagastrin and acetylcholine in vagotomized rats. The results strongly suggest that both drugs inhibit gastric secretion through an effect at the level of the central nervous system, which decreases the vagal drive to the stomach. However, the effects of thiorphan and acetorphan were not prevented by naloxone. This is at variance with most of the effects of these drugs reported to date, including the inhibition of gastric secretion in cats. Furthermore, these effects were observed at doses which could inhibit other enzymes apart from enkephalinase. This suggests that the antisecretory action in rats is related to the protection of some non-opioid peptide(s) from degradation. In conclusion, both peptidase inhibitors inhibit gastric secretion of the rat through a central mechanism involving unknown, non opioid peptide(s). PMID- 3234480 TI - Chronic MAO A and MAO B inhibition decreases the 5-HT1A receptor-mediated inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase. AB - The effect of chronic administration of various monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors on the ability of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) to inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was studied. Groups of 12 rats were given either saline, (E)-beta-fluoromethylene-m-tyrosine (MDL 72394 0.25 mg/kg p.o.), clorgyline (1 mg/kg p.o.), selegiline (1 mg/kg p.o.) or tranylcypromine (5 mg/kg p.o.) once a day for 21 days. Biochemical determinations were made 72 h after the final dose. MDL 72394 and tranylcypromine produced a nonselective inhibition of MAO but clorgyline and selegiline selectively inhibited MAO A and MAO B respectively. All treatments that inhibited MAO A also increased tissue levels of 5-HT. Chronic treatment with MDL 72394, clorgyline or tranylcypromine reduced the ability of 8-OH-DPAT to inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. These data suggest that chronic nonselective and chronic MAO A inhibition causes a down-regulation of the 5-HT1A-mediated inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 3234481 TI - Effects of the novel compound NIK-247 on impairment of passive avoidance response in mice. AB - The effects of NIK-247 [9-amino-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta(b)-quinoline monohydrate hydrochloride] were studied on a model involving various types of drug- and electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced amnesia. The step-down type passive avoidance task in mice was used for comparison of the effects with those of tacrine, a 4-aminopyridine derivative which has an antiamnesic action. NIK-247 administered pre- and post-training or pre-retention test (24 h after training) prevented the disruption of memory induced by cycloheximide administered immediately after training. In addition, NIK-247 protected from the amnesia induced by treatment with ECS, phencyclidine and picrotoxin immediately after training. Tacrine failed to protect from ECS- and PCP-induced amnesia at the doses effective on cycloheximide-induced amnesia. The results indicate that NIK 247 improves cognitive functions at different phases of the learning and memory processes such as acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval in drug- and ECS induced amnesia. NIK-247 may produce its antiamnesic effects via the cholinergic and GABAergic neuronal systems. PMID- 3234482 TI - Effect of nifedipine on the shuttlebox escape deficit induced by inescapable shock in the rat. AB - The behavioural effect of subchronic treatment with calcium channel antagonists (nifedipine, verapamil) and with imipramine was assessed in rats subjected to inescapable shock (IS). The effect of subchronic treatment with nifedipine and imipramine on specific [3H]nitrendipine ([3H]NDP) binding was investigated in frontal cortex of naive rats and in rats given IS then tested for shuttlebox escape. The rats showed a severe impairment in escape behaviour after IS. Imipramine and nifedipine significantly reduced FR1 and FR2 escape deficits. Verapamil had no effect. A small but significant increase in the number of [3H]NDP binding sites (Bmax) was seen in rats exposed to the shuttlebox escape test independent of a previous exposure to IS. Imipramine had no influence on Bmax in any of the groups. Nifedipine did not affect [3H]NDP binding in naive rats but decreased Bmax in rats subjected to IS and the shuttlebox escape test. The comparable ability of nifedipine and imipramine to reverse the shuttlebox escape deficit induced by IS argues for a possible antidepressant activity of nifedipine. The biochemical data indicate that cortical [3H]NDP binding sites are not correlated to performance in the shuttlebox escape test. PMID- 3234483 TI - Serotonergic regulation of noradrenergic coerulean neurons: electrophysiological evidence for the involvement of 5-HT2 receptors. AB - To determine the type of serotonergic receptor involved in the modulation of noradrenergic neuronal activity in the locus coeruleus, the effects of 4 systemically administered serotonergic drugs were tested on the firing rate of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus of rats under chloral hydrate anaesthesia. The serotonergic agonist, quipazine (1 mg/kg), and the selective 5 HT2 agonist, DOB (50-100 micrograms/kg), induced a pronounced decrease of the discharge frequency. This effect could be prevented or reversed by the selective 5-HT2 antagonist, ketanserin (4-8 mg/kg). Ketanserin alone and the 5-HT1 agonist, RU 24969, had no or a weak excitatory action on the neuronal activity of the locus coeruleus. We conclude that the serotonergic control of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus is mediated by post-synaptic 5-HT2 receptors because the quipazine-ketanserin effects on this unit activity persisted after depletion of serotonergic presynaptic stores. PMID- 3234484 TI - Inhibition of enkephalin degradation by phelorphan: effects on striatal [Met5]enkephalin levels and jump latency in mouse hot plate test. AB - The effect of phelorphan (mercaptoacetyl-Phe-Phe), an inhibitor of various enkephalin-degrading enzymes, was tested in the mouse hot plate test and its efficacy to prevent endogenous enkephalin degradation in mouse striatum was determined. The i.c.v. injection of phelorphan (50 micrograms) increased the [Met5]enkephalin immunoreactivity by 41% in the extrasynaptosomal fraction of mouse striatum compared to a 43% increase induced by i.c.v. administration of thiorphan (50 micrograms) + bestatin (75 micrograms). Jump latency in the mouse hot plate test was significantly prolonged by phelorphan (25 micrograms i.c.v.). The analgesic effect of phelorphan was the same as that of thiorphan (25 micrograms i.c.v.) + bestatin (25 micrograms i.c.v.) and was antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone. These results suggest that phelorphan induces naloxone-reversible analgesia by elevation of [Met5]enkephalin levels in the synaptic cleft. PMID- 3234485 TI - Inhibition of small intestine motility by cromakalim (BRL 34915). AB - The effects of the potassium channel activator, cromakalim, on intestine motility were investigated. In vitro, cromakalim inhibits the peristaltic reflex, with the action on longitudinal muscle (pIC50 = 5.8 +/- 0.1) being more potent than that on circular muscle (pIC50 = 4.8 +/- 0.2). In vivo, a half maximal inhibition of small intestinal transit occurred at 1.2 mg/kg (i.p.). These results demonstrate that different gut muscle layers show a different sensitivity to cromakalim and that small intestine smooth muscle is less sensitive to cromakalim than vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 3234486 TI - Effects of BRL 34915, a putative K channel opener, on transmembrane 45Ca movements in rabbit aortic smooth muscle. AB - The effects of BRL 34915, a putative K channel opener, on transmembrane Ca2+ movements were studied in isolated rabbit aortic strips, using the 45Ca flux techniques. BRL 34915 (1 and 10 microM) inhibited the contraction and Ca entry in response to norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin II, each at 0.3 microM. BRL 34915 differed from Na nitroprusside in that it demonstrated little or no inhibition on the contraction and 45Ca efflux provoked by NE in Ca2+-free buffer, suggesting that the effect of BRL 34915 on intracellular Ca release plays a minor role in inhibiting the vasoconstrictor responses to receptor agonists. Moreover, BRL 34915 (100 microM) did not stimulate cyclic GMP formation in rabbit aortic slices. BRL 34915 (10 microM) failed to inhibit the vascular responses to KCl (20 and 40 mM). Tetraethylammonium (20 mM), a K channel blocker, abolished the vasorelaxant action of BRL 34915 against NE. However, Na nitroprusside inhibition of NE contraction was similarly affected. It is concluded that reduction of Ca entry appears to be the predominant mechanism mediating the inhibitory effect of BRL 34915 on the contractile responses to vasoconstrictor stimuli. PMID- 3234487 TI - Effects of praeruptorin C and E isolated from 'Qian-Hu' on swine coronary artery and guinea-pig atria. AB - Praeruptorin C and E isolated from Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. decreased the maximum contractile effect of Ca2+ in potassium-depolarized swine coronary strips and shifted the concentration-response curve to the right in a non-parallel manner. The calcium antagonistic activity of praeruptorin C and E expressed as pD'2 value was 5.7 and 5.2, respectively. Nifedipine, with a pD'2 value of 6.88, was used as a known calcium antagonistic drug to compare the potency of the drugs studied. The relaxation induced by praeruptorin C was concentration-dependent and the IC50 value was 79 microM. Praeruptorin C also reduced the maximum contractile response and shifted the concentration-response curve for calcium to the right in a non-parallel manner in potassium-depolarized guinea-pig left atria (pD'2 = 5.52) but its potency was much less than that of nifedipine (pD'2 = 7.19). The results suggest that praeruptorin C and E relaxed swine coronary artery and decreased contractility in guinea-pig left atria. These effects are similar in many respects to those displayed by drugs that have calcium entry blocking activity. PMID- 3234488 TI - Pertussis toxin inactivates the presynaptic serotonin autoreceptor in the hippocampus. AB - The serotonin (5-HT) agonists, D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 5 methoxytryptamine (5-Me-O-T), dose dependently inhibited the K+-evoked outflow of [3H]5-HT from preloaded rat hippocampal slices in vitro, indicating activation of the 5-HT autoreceptor. However, this effect was abolished in slices pretreated with pertussis toxin. It is thus concluded that the 5-HT autoreceptor in the hippocampus is coupled to G proteins. PMID- 3234489 TI - Nitric oxide release from the isolated guinea pig heart. AB - Nitric oxide (NO) release from isolated guinea pig hearts into the coronary effluent perfusate was measured with a specific spectrophotometric assay. Nitric oxide was continuously released under basal conditions at a rate of 216 +/- 36 pmol/min. Bradykinin (5 X 10(-10)-10(-8) M) stimulated the release of nitric oxide in a dose-dependent manner. The start of NO release preceded coronary vasodilation by 5 +/- 1 s. Our results suggest that the endogenous formation of nitric oxide is quantitatively sufficient to influence the coronary vascular tone and thus may play a significant role in the regulation of coronary vascular resistance. PMID- 3234490 TI - Receptor reserve at striatal dopamine receptors modulating the release of [3H]dopamine. AB - Electrically stimulated release of [3H]dopamine [( 3H]DA) in slices of rat striatum was dose dependently inhibited by apomorphine (67% maximal inhibition) with an EC50 of 17 nM. DA receptor inactivation with N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy 1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ; 0.5 and 2 mg/kg) dose dependently shifted the ED50 for apomorphine to the right and reduced the maximal inhibition obtained. Analysis of the results yielded a hyperbolic plot of receptor occupancy vs. response, indicating that a large receptor reserve (50-60%) for apomorphine exists at the DA autoreceptor in rat striatum mediating inhibition of transmitter release. PMID- 3234491 TI - Activation of a 5-HT3 receptor releases dopamine from rat striatal slice. PMID- 3234492 TI - Comparative effects of caffeine and L-phenylisopropyladenosine on local cerebral glucose utilization in the rat. AB - The quantitative [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was used to study the effects of the acute administration of 10 mg/kg of caffeine and 0.1 mg/kg of L-phenylisopropyladenosine (LPIA) given separately or in combination. After an injection of caffeine, the local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (LCMRglu) were increased in 34 out of 61 structures studied, mainly in monoaminergic cell groupings, the thalamus and structures belonging to the extrapyramidal motor system. The administration of LPIA decreased the LCMRglu in 30 out of 61 structures studied. These areas were essentially monoaminergic cell groupings, structures of the extrapyramidal motor system and all hypothalamic areas. After a combined injection of caffeine and LPIA, the LCMRglu was either increased or not changed in structures affected by caffeine or LPIA given alone. The results of the present study indicate that, even if caffeine and LPIA compete for the occupation of adenosine receptors, the effects of these two substances on the energy metabolism of the brain are partly mediated by peripheral mechanisms. PMID- 3234493 TI - A pharmacological analysis of the 5-HT receptor mediating inhibition of 5-HT release in the guinea-pig frontal cortex. AB - The release of [3H]5-HT from guinea-pig frontal cortex slices was elicited by continuous exposure to Krebs solution containing elevated K+ ions (30 mM) and 10 microM fluvoxamine. K+-stimulated release was inhibited by 5 carboxamidotryptamine (pIC25 8.1), 5-HT (7.4), RU 24969 (6.5) and GR 43175 (6.4). 8-OH-DPAT was without effect on K+-evoked release of [3H]5-HT at concentrations up to 1 microM. The inhibitory effects of 5-HT were antagonised by metitepine (pA2 8.2), metergoline (7.0), methysergide (6.5), cyanopindolol (6.5), yohimbine (6.5) and mesulergine (6.2) but not by the 5-HT3 antagonist, ICS 205-930 (1 microM). The results are discussed in the context of the known pharmacology of 5 HT receptor subtypes. It is concluded that the 5-HT receptor modulating 5-HT release in the guinea-pig frontal cortex does not correspond to any of the 5-HT1 subtype recognition sites or to 5-HT2 or 5-HT3 receptors. PMID- 3234494 TI - Non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. II. Pharmacology of S-8308. AB - 2-Butyl-4-chloro-1-(2-nitrobenzyl)imidazole-5-acetic acid, sodium salt (S-8308), inhibited the specific binding of labeled angiotensin II (AII) to its receptor sites in rat adrenal cortical microsomes and in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells with IC50S of 15 and 4.5 microM, respectively. In the presence of S-8308 (15 microM) the dissociation constant for AII was increased 2-fold and the total number of binding sites was unaltered. In a concentration-dependent manner S-8308 blocked the 45Ca2+ influx induced by AII (3 X 10(-8) M) in rat aortic rings (IC50 7 microM) and the contractile response in rabbit aorta was competitively inhibited (pA2 = 5.74). This agent was highly specific for AII: it showed no affinity for alpha 1-adrenoceptors or Ca2+ channels and in addition, it did not alter the contractile responses to norepinephrine (10(-7) M) or KCl (55 mM). In conscious renal artery-ligated rats, S-8308 (30 mg/kg i.v.) elicited a rapid decrease of mean arterial pressure with a duration of about 30 min. The results demonstrate that S-8308 is a weak, but specific and competitive, non-peptide antagonist of AII exerting its inhibitory action at the receptor level. PMID- 3234495 TI - Subtle behavioural changes produced in rat pups by in utero exposure to haloperidol. AB - Prenatal exposure to a dopamine receptor blocking agent such as haloperidol (given to the mother at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg s.c. from day 4 to day 15 of gestation) produced subtle behavioural changes in rat pups. Haloperidol decreased the rate of ultrasonic vocalization in 4-day-old male pups removed from the nest. The changes in ultrasonic emission elicited by in utero exposure to this neuroleptic were markedly different from those produced by its administration during the early postnatal period. Moreover, adult male rats treated prenatally with haloperidol exhibited a significant increase in the intensity of ultrasonic 22 kHz post-ejaculatory calls emitted during sexual behaviour. The duration of the period of the 22 kHz calls emission was also significantly increased by haloperidol treatment. These results confirm that ultrasonic vocalization in rats is a sensitive indicator of subtle changes in adverse treatments administered during development. PMID- 3234496 TI - Effects of alinidine on survival and infarct size in rats with coronary artery occlusion. AB - Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in open chest anaesthetized rats. One group had coronary occlusion for 3 h while ligation lasted for 30 min in a second group and was followed by a 150-min reperfusion period. The area at risk and area of infarction were determined immediately after premature death or 3 h after the ligature was set, by means of Evans blue and triphenyltetrazoliumchloride staining and subsequent photometric quantification. Saline or alinidine (5 mg/kg i.v.) was administered 15 min prior to ligation. The alinidine groups received a further 0.5 mg/kg i.v. 1 and 2 h after ligation. A large number of animals in the control groups died during the first 30 min. The animals that survived 3 h had a smaller area at risk than those dying prematurely and about 100% of the area at risk became infarcted. All animals in the two alinidine groups survived the first 30 min. All these animals survived with a larger area at risk than the control groups. The area of infarction in relation to the area at risk was significantly smaller than in the control groups. The cardioprotective effects of alinidine may be explained by a reduction in heart rate and a slight reduction in blood pressure. PMID- 3234497 TI - Release of inflammatory mediators by noxious stimuli; effect of neurotropin on the release. AB - Anesthetized rats were perfused with saline in the subcutaneous space of the hind paw and the release of inflammatory mediators induced by noxious stimuli was studied. Not only immunoreactive bradykinin (BK) but also histamine, serotonin (5 HT) and immunoreactive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were found to be released into the perfusate when the paw was pinched. Neurotropin, used clinically as an analgesic and anti-allergic drug in Japan, inhibited the release of BK in dose-dependent manner without altering the release of histamine, 5-HT and PGE2. The maximal inhibition of BK release was observed 60 min after p.o. administration of neurotropin. Indomethacin failed to inhibit the release of BK. PMID- 3234498 TI - Evidence for a GABA-mediated cerebellar inhibition of the inferior olive in the cat. AB - 1. Climbing fibres were activated by peripheral nerve stimulation at 'high' frequencies (greater than 3 Hz) for 15-25 s and then at 0.9 Hz for about 1 min. The high frequency activation induced a post-conditioning inhibition, lasting up to about 1 min, of climbing fibre responses recorded from the cerebellar surface. 2. Electrolytic lesions were made in the superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum). After the lesion, the post-conditioning inhibition was completely eliminated. 3. Injections of the GABA-receptor blocker bicuculline methiodide into the inferior olive reversibly blocked the post-conditioning inhibition. 4. The results support the hypothesis proposed by Andersson and Hesslow (1987a), that post-conditioning inhibition is mediated by a GABA-ergic interposito-olivary pathway. PMID- 3234499 TI - Physiological heterogeneity of nonpyramidal cells in rat hippocampal CA1 region. AB - Functional differentiation of nonpyramidal cells was studied by intracellular recording and staining of cells located in the stratum pyramidale or along the border between the stratum radiatum and the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of slices prepared from rat hippocampal CA1 region. In the stratum pyramidale, nonpyramidal cells (fast-spiking cells, type I cells) exhibited brief-duration action potentials (mean spike-width at one-half amplitude = 0.28 ms, N = 9) and little or no frequency adaptation of spike discharge to depolarizing current pulse. These cells ramified axon collaterals mainly in the stratum pyramidale or in the apical side of the stratum oriens. The HRP-injected nonpyramidal cells located between the stratum radiatum and the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (type II cells) showed different physiological characteristics from fast-spiking cells in the stratum pyramidale. The spike width was longer than that of fast-spiking cells (mean duration measured at one-half amplitude = 0.61 ms, N = 11) and these cells exhibited adaptation of spike discharge in response to depolarizing current pulses. Following hyperpolarizing current pulses, a depolarizing potential was produced in some type II cells. Although most cells of this group sent axon collaterals into the stratum radiatum or into the stratum lacunosum-moleculare, there were also cells whose axon collaterals extended to and ramified in the stratum pyramidale. In contrast to pyramidal cells, spikes of both types of nonpyramidal cells did not broaden during repetitive firing evoked by large depolarizing current pulses. Stimulation of the stratum radiatum caused excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in both type I and II cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234500 TI - Neural site of strabismic amblyopia in cats: X-cell acuities in the LGN. AB - The acuities of X-cells from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were measured in five cats raised with a convergent strabismus, surgically induced by tenotomy. The acuities of cells driven by the strabismic eye were not significantly different from the acuities of cells driven by the non-deviating eye over the range of eccentricities in the visual field studied (from the area centralis to over 20 degrees). The data were also similar to X-cell acuities in the LGN of 3 normal cats. Lowered acuities of LGN X-cells driven by the deviating eye of an esotropic cat in which the strabismus was created by myectomy confirm a previous finding of a retinal locus of amblyopia associated with that preparation. In contrast, the results here implicate the visual cortex as the initial site of the deficit in spatial processing in amblyopia arising from tenotomy strabismus. PMID- 3234501 TI - Lesion of areas 17/18/19: effects on the cat's performance in a binary detection task. AB - The ability of two cats to discriminate between two geometrical outline patterns in the presence of superimposed Gaussian visual noise-i.e. in a binary detection task--was tested before and after bilateral removal of cortical areas 17, 18 and 19. The detection probability PD was measured as a function of the signal-to noise ratio. After a lesion of areas 17, 18 and 19 both cats were unable to carry out the discrimination tasks. Their detection performance dropped to chance level, but after an extensive phase of retraining (3 months) they regained the ability to discriminate visual patterns. It was thus possible to obtain detection curves and to determine a measure of a performance which is predominantly bound to be mediated by extra-geniculo-cortical systems. The detection capacity was abnormally low with both large and small patterns. However, the detection of stationary small patterns was similar to the performance of cats with 17/18 lesions; the detection of stationary large patterns was only slightly better than the detection of small patterns and much worse than the comparable performance of cats with 17/18 lesions. Furthermore the cats with lesions of areas 17/18/19 were unable to discriminate moving patterns, their performances being at chance level, whereas for the cats with 17/18 lesions the detection of moving and stationary patterns was equal. PMID- 3234502 TI - Selective depletion of the acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide of the guinea-pig myenteric plexus by differential mobilization of distinct transmitter pools. AB - The effect of electrical field stimulation on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) from superfused strips of myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle (MPLM) of guinea-pig ileum and on the transmitter content of the tissue was investigated at different frequencies and in the presence and absence of choline hemicholinium-3 and colchicine. Low frequency electrical field stimulation released ACh by more than 4 times the basal release; the simultaneously detected VIP secretion was increased only slightly above the resting level. During high frequency stimulation (50 Hz) the release of VIP was greatly increased (to 5 times the resting release) whereas the release of ACh increased to only 150% of the basal output. When choline was present, the ACh content of the tissue itself was not altered by electrical stimulation indicating a rate of synthesis sufficient to maintain release. It was reduced in a frequency dependent manner in the absence of exogenous choline or in the presence of 10 microM hemicholinium-3 (an inhibitor of choline uptake) by up to 54% of the original content. A similar but even larger reduction took place in the amount of ACh released. Neither the secretion of VIP nor the tissue VIP content was altered by these treatments. Long-lasting (greater than 60 min) high-frequency (50 Hz) stimulation resulted in the depletion of the VIP pool (by 25%) while the ACh content remained unaltered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234503 TI - Hippocampal neurons grafted to newborn rats establish efferent commissural connections. AB - The formation of commissural projections from developing rat hippocampal neurons grafted to the hippocampus of newborn littermates was examined by retrograde axonal transport of the fluorescent dye Fluorogold (FG). At six weeks of age the recipients received two injections of FG in the hippocampus contralateral to the graft. This resulted in labelling of normal, commissurally projecting neurons in the dentate hilus and CA3 of the host hippocampus. Neurons in several transplants were also labelled, and based on morphology and location they were identified as CA3 and dentate hilus neurons. PMID- 3234504 TI - A comparison of awake and sleeping cortical states by analysis of the somatosensory-evoked response of postcentral area 1 in rhesus monkey. AB - The response of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) to cutaneous stimulation of the hand was studied in one unanesthetized monkey to examine more closely the previously reported dependence of a behaviorally relevant late component of the evoked potential, N1, upon two behavioral states of arousal, slow-wave sleep (SWS) and inactive wakefulness. Simultaneous recordings of the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), multiple unit activities (MUA) and current source densities (CSD) at 12 depths through area 1 were collected during both states and analyzed to identify the cortical events that generate the SEP. As previously reported, the N1 component of the SEP was diminished during sleep. Although the earlier components of the SEP were evoked during both states, the excitatory events that characterize the awake N1 were replaced during SWS by an interval of strong inhibition which was terminated by a burst of cortical MUA. CSD analysis of the SWS inhibitory interval revealed large current sources through layer III above the depth of maximal MUA inhibition indicating that an outward conductance became activated on the apical trunks of pyramidal neurons during SWS. These data support the proposed involvement of events underlying N1 in the coding of touch experience. PMID- 3234505 TI - Relation between muscle response onset and body segmental movements during postural perturbations in humans. AB - This study has examined the individual movements of the body segments of a group of 10 standing adults during anterior and posterior platform displacements (3 and 6 cm amplitudes), and compared body movements to neck and ankle muscle response onset times. Differences in the kinematics of movement were observed for anterior vs. posterior platform displacements: hip, shoulder, and head began to move much earlier for posterior compared to anterior platform movements. This could explain differences in postural muscle temporal response organization for the two directions of body movement. Though anterior/posterior neck and head displacements were late in comparison to neck flexor muscle response onset, small vertical movements of the shoulder and head occurred early (40 and 67 ms after platform movement onset). These movements were consistently directed upward for anterior platform displacements and downward for posterior platform displacements. In order to determine whether neck proprioceptors were responsible for response activation in the neck we repeated the experiment using a neck stabilization device, on one of our subjects. In this condition, we found normal neck muscle response latencies. This suggests that neck proprioceptors are not the primary contributors to the early neck muscle responses seen during horizontal support surface displacements. In studying the effect of repeated exposure to horizontal platform displacements we found a diminution in the amplitude and an increase in onset latencies in neck and antagonist ankle muscle responses over the sequence of 16 trials, in many of the subjects tested. This corresponded to smaller head accelerations, and smaller displacements of the head and shoulder in later trials in the experimental sequence. The result implies that these subjects changed their postural "set" during the course of the experiment, possibly by relaxing the muscles of the body to allow the viscoelastic properties of the lower body segments to absorb more of the impact of platform displacement. PMID- 3234506 TI - The projection from superior colliculus to cuneiform area in the rat. II. Defence like responses to stimulation with glutamate in cuneiform nucleus and surrounding structures. AB - To investigate the role of the projection from superior colliculus to the cuneiform nucleus in mediating collicular responses, the cuneiform area (including the cuneiform nucleus and immediately adjacent structures such as caudal central grey) was stimulated in rats with microinjections of glutamate (50 mM, 200 nl, 10 nmole) and the animals' head and body movements observed. The most common responses obtained from sites in the cuneiform area were freezing, darting or fast running, the form or direction of which did not appear to be strongly influenced by the laterality of the injection. These responses were only a subset of those that have been obtained in previous studies from stimulation of the superior colliculus itself: stimulation of the cuneiform area did not give contralaterally directed movements resembling orienting or approach, or ipsilaterally directed movements resembling cringing or shying. It therefore appears that the tectocuneiform projection is likely to be involved only in some of the behaviours appropriate to unexpected stimuli that are mediated by the superior colliculus, namely undirected defensive responses elicited normally by certain kinds of threatening or noxious stimulation. Involvement with such responses would be consistent with an apparent lack of topography in the tectocuneiform projection, and the connections of the cuneiform nucleus with parts of the brain concerned with nociception (see previous paper). It is unclear, however, whether the somatic responses occur in parallel with, or as a result of, autonomic changes that have also been evoked by stimulation of the cuneiform area. One striking feature of stimulating the cuneiform area with glutamate was that at many sites the intensity of the response appeared to increase with successive (one to three) injections. It is possible that this plasticity of response, which can also be obtained from the superior colliculus itself, is related to processes involved in sensitisation or learning of defensive responses. PMID- 3234508 TI - Complete pattern of ocular dominance stripes in V1 of a New World monkey, Cebus apella. AB - The presence of ocular dominance (OD) stripes in layer IVc of striate cortex (V1) is characteristic of all Old World simians so far studied. In contrast, some species of New World monkeys do not have ocular dominance stripes, and in those that do, the pattern of stripes may be different from that shown in Old World monkeys. This difference has led to the suggestion that OD stripes evolved independently in both groups. We have mapped the entire system of OD stripes in the New World monkey Cebus, by means of cytochrome oxidase histochemistry after monocular enucleation. A striking similarity was found between the patterns in Cebus and Macaca, which is suggestive of common ancestry, rather than parallel evolution. PMID- 3234507 TI - Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal blood sampling from laboratory rats. The effects of endocrine manipulations on portal blood catecholamine concentrations. AB - We have obtained hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal blood using a modified Worthington-Fink technique, and measured the concentrations of catecholamines with a high pressure liquid chromatography - electrochemical detection system. The concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine have been measured in portal blood after various endocrine manipulations, including adrenalectomy, orchidectomy and chemically induced hypothyroidism. After the induction of hypothyroidism, dopamine concentrations in portal blood increased. After orchidectomy, there was an increase in portal adrenaline concentration, though noradrenaline and dopamine were unchanged. PMID- 3234509 TI - Significance of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in the acute and chronic phase of antigen-induced arthritis in rabbits. AB - In the course of antigen-induced arthritis of rabbit cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were repeatedly tested in order to prove their significance for the acute and chronic phase of inflammation. The arthritis was monitored during the progression of the inflammation by means of the joint swelling and at the end of experiments by histological evaluation of synovitis and cartilage degradation. Following the arthritis induction a strong increase of specific antibodies and of circulating immune complexes was evident. The correlations between antibody levels and joint swellings confirmed that the local formation of immune complexes is responsible for the initiation and perpetuation of arthritis. In the early phase after immunization the responsiveness of lymphocytes to antigenic and mitogenic stimulation was increased, in the late chronic phase of arthritis proliferative responses of lymphocytes to cartilage matrix components were revealed. No direct correlations could be demonstrated between any cell-mediated immune response and the severity of arthritis. The hyperreactivity of cell mediated immunity is suggested to be responsible for the transition of the acute arthritis into the chronic stage. The deficiency of an effective suppression results in the activation of B-lymphocytes with increased production of antibodies, maintaining the inflammatory process for a long time. Under these conditions the release of cartilage matrix components during the acute joint reaction induces autoimmune responses against cartilage, which could contribute to the chronification of arthritis and to cartilage degradation. PMID- 3234510 TI - In adequate tumor surgery of chemically induced soft tissue sarcomas--an experimental approach for induction of metastasis formation? AB - In preceding experiments with nude mice bearing xenotransplanted soft tissue sarcomas after inoculation of cultured sarcoma cells we attained a high percentage of metastatic dissemination by repeated inadequate tumor surgery. In the study presented here we used methylcholanthrene induced sarcomas (rhabdomyosarcomas and undifferentiated sarcomas in part showing the picture of storiform/pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytomas) which were produced in NMRI mice and examined (1) whether or not metastasis formation could be triggered or enhanced by repeated inadequate tumor surgery in these animals, and (2) the efficacy of the same surgical procedure following xenotransplantation of the tumors into nude mice. We did not reach an increasing frequency with both experimental arrangements. After discussing several factors which could be in general responsible for inducing metastasis formation and after comparing the results of our several experiments it is suggested that the methylcholanthrene induced soft tissue tumors may not contain cell clones able to metastasize. PMID- 3234511 TI - Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic fluorene derivatives: induction of thymocyte stimulating serum factors by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and their synergy with lymphocyte mitogens. AB - Recent experiments have shown that AAF induces serum factors which stimulate the replicating DNA synthesis of normal rat thymocyte in vitro. In this respect fluorene as well as carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic derivatives were assayed. A proliferative response is only produced by the serum of AAF-treated rats (AAF serum). Moreover, this serum acts synergistically with the lymphocyte mitogens Con A and PHA. Growth factors similar to those in serum of liver regenerating rats are supposed to be responsible. PMID- 3234512 TI - Action of chronic peracetic acid (wofasteril) administration on the rabbit oral mucosa, vaginal mucosa, and skin. AB - In a long-term experiment on rabbits 0.2% peracetic acid (0.5% Wofasteril) was distributed upon the dorsal skin, the oral and the vaginal mucosa 3 times per week for 12 months. Each type of tissue was applied 153 individual doses. The histological examinations did not yield dysplasias in the sense of a carcinogenic action of peracetic acid. Despite the very high dosage as it will never be demanded in therapeutical measures, the mucosal tissues under study neither showed inflammations nor scar formation after 12 months of administration. Merely in the dorsal skin a loss of minute accessory hairs in the animal fell was observed. From morphological points of view it seems justified to extend the indication of 0.2% peracetic acid (0.5% Wofasteril) to the mucosal membrane for preparatory arrangements of surgical interventions and for therapeutical measures in bacterially induced inflammatory processes. Clinical testing can be recommended. Before permanent use of peracetic acid for hand disinfection the possible hazards of depilation must be tested dermatologically. PMID- 3234513 TI - Effect of proteases and other treatments on the proliferative assembly of tight junction strands in the rat prostate tissue. AB - As already observed with the freeze-fracture technique by Kachar and Pinto da Silva (1981) incubation of excised rat ventral prostate tissue at 37 degrees C results in proliferation of tight junction strands over the lateral membranes of the epithelial cells, an effect not occurring after incubation at 4 degrees C. Our investigations have shown that a pretreatment with protease inhibitor Contrykal at 4 degrees C suppresses the proliferation of tight junction strands at 37 degrees C. On the other hand the added proteases trypsin and pronase induce the proliferation already at 4 degrees C. The effect was lowered by higher concentrations of pronase. Incubation with solutions of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 at 4 degrees C could also induce tight junction proliferation, whereas this effect was nearly absent after an incubation at 4 degrees C with a hyperosmotic solution of arabinose and with 50% acetone. No relation was found between proliferation of tight junction strands and cluster formation of intramembraneous particles. In conclusion of the results a small protein or a peptide resembling fusions proteins is assumed as trigger for formation of tight junction strands, acting by destabilization of the bilayer arrangement of membrane lipids. PMID- 3234514 TI - The glycosaminoglycans of the macrophage-like cell line PeMa in suspension and monolayer culture. AB - The macrophage-like cell line PeMa was cultured both in suspension and in monolayer for biochemical studies. It is concluded that adherent PeMa when compared with suspended cells --contain three times more GAG in medium, cell coat, and cells: --contain higher amounts of HS and CS in the cell coat; - release a minor proportion of sulfated GAG (HS) into the medium; --contain in their medium longer chains of HS and CS/DS; --contain in cell coat and cells higher amounts of a family of HS chains with high to low molecular weights. In suspension and monolayer cultures, the cell coat GAG were scarcely labelled; they are likely to be produced at another time and to turn over slowly. It is suggested that this study will be helpful to understand the behaviour of macrophages and other cells. PMID- 3234515 TI - New inhalation devices. PMID- 3234516 TI - A new multiple dose powder inhaler, (Turbuhaler), compared with a pressurized inhaler in a study of terbutaline in asthmatics. AB - Twelve adult asthmatic patients participated in an open, randomized, cross-over comparison between cumulatively increasing doses of terbutaline sulphate administered via the multiple dose powder inhaler (Turbuhaler) or via a pressurized inhaler. Turbuhaler and the pressurized inhaler showed equipotency both with respect to bronchodilatation and side effects. Both treatments produced a significant increase in pulmonary function measurements, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). No increase in pulse rate was seen with either treatment but there was an increase in tremor at higher doses with both treatments. Inhalation of beta-agonists via Turbuhaler seems to be an effective way of treating asthma. PMID- 3234517 TI - Lung mechanics and activity of slowly adapting airway stretch receptors. AB - Transpulmonary pressure is thought to be closely associated with slowly adapting mechanoreceptor activity. The transpulmonary pressure required to inflate the lung to a given volume depends on pulmonary compliance: for equal tidal volumes less pressure will be required if compliance is higher. Therefore, an inverse relationship is expected between receptor activity and lung compliance for equal changes in lung volume. We have studied 33 slowly adapting airway stretch receptors (SARs) in anaesthetized, vagotomized, paralysed and artificially ventilated dogs, with the chest open, at constant tidal volume and frequency. After lung compliance had been increased by hyperinflation, all of the ten tracheal receptors studied and fourteen of the 23 intrapulmonary receptors reduced their activity. Of the remaining intrapulmonary receptors five increased their activity and four were unaffected. Our results indicate that, although airway stretch receptor discharge is usually related to transpulmonary pressure, this relationship is not always present in the case of peripherally located endings; this is possibly due to a discrepancy between local transmural pressure and overall transpulmonary pressure. Thus, in addition to the well described independence of SAR discharge frequency from lung volume, the activity of SARs having peripheral locations is not always predictable on the basis of changes in transpulmonary pressure. PMID- 3234518 TI - Changes in neural drive (EMGd) and neuromuscular coupling during histamine induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. AB - This study was undertaken in order to assess the neural drive to the respiratory muscles and the inspiratory neuromuscular coupling in patients with bronchial asthma during histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. Bronchoconstriction was produced in a graded fashion, with histamine phosphate aerosol of increasing dose, in twelve asymptomatic asthmatic patients and was measured by FEV1. Inspiratory drive was measured by electromyographic activity of the diaphragm (EMGd) and the coupling of the neural drive to the respiratory muscles was assessed by the relationship of mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) to EMGd. During the test we also measured electromyographic activity of the inspiratory intercostal (EMGint), sternomastoid (EMGsm) and expiratory abdominal (EMGab) muscles. Histamine caused a significant decrease in FEV1, a significant increase in P0.1, EMGd, EMGint, and a relevant increase in EMGsm, with no substantial increase in EMGab. An inverse significant relationship between the change in FEV1 and changes in P0.1, EMGd and EMGint and a significant correlation between the change in FEV1 and in the P0.1/EMGd ratio were observed. We conclude that a progressive increase in bronchospasm is accompanied by a progressive increase in respiratory neural drive and decrease in neuromuscular coupling. This could be caused both by an increase in lung volume and a lack of abdominal expiratory muscle recruitment. PMID- 3234519 TI - Release of thromboxane A2 by low-dose almitrine in the hypoxic dog. AB - Potentiation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by a low dose of almitrine bismesylate (1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) was evaluated in terms of blood chemical mediator concentrations. Time course changes in the blood concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin, histamine, thromboxane TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were monitored after administration of almitrine bismesylate for 15 min at 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) in hypoxic and normoxic beagles. The low almitrine dose significantly increased TXB2 levels in hypoxic beagles, but the levels remained virtually unchanged in the normoxic animals with almitrine bismesylate and in the hypoxic animals with solvent. TXB2 levels did not increase when the almitrine infusion was increased to 5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for 15 min in hypoxic conditions. These findings suggest that almitrine is involved in arachidonic acid metabolism at a low rate of infusion and that thromboxane release from hypoxic areas of the lung may cause local vasoconstriction. PMID- 3234520 TI - Type II alveolar epithelial cell in vitro culture in aerobiosis. AB - A method of Type II alveolar epithelial cell culture in aerobiosis has been developed. Isolation of Type II cells was performed by digesting guinea-pig lung tissue with crude trypsin and elastase and using discontinuous Percoll density gradients. The Type II cells, as identified by light and electron microscopy, were cultured in aerobiosis for up to six days, in direct contact with the atmosphere in conditions mimicking those present in the lower respiratory tract. Significant activities of cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) were found at the time of isolation. In contrast, cell glutathione content varied widely from one experiment to another. Changes of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated during cell culture in aerobiosis. SOD, Mn-SOD and catalase were significantly decreased after three days but were not significantly different between a three day and six day culture. Antioxidant changes did not influence the cell culture. In marked contrast, decrease in cell glutathione was associated with rapid cell death, whereas good cell survival was obtained at high levels of cell glutathione. Cell culture in aerobiosis will permit a precise evaluation of the effects of gases, particularly oxidant gases, on a primary culture of Type II alveolar epithelial cells. PMID- 3234521 TI - Conventional physiotherapy and forced expiration manoeuvres have similar effects on tracheobronchial clearance. AB - This study compared the effect of two forms of chest physiotherapy. In the "conventional" form of physiotherapy, postural drainage was combined with percussion and directed coughing. The other, relatively new form of physiotherapy, was the forced expiration technique, i.e. huffing combined with postural drainage, breathing exercises and, if necessary, coughing. Eight patients (six with cystic fibrosis, two with agammaglobulinaemia) took part in the study. No difference was found in tracheobronchial clearance, regional lung clearance, sputum production or lung function between the two forms of treatment. The forced expiration technique can be performed without an assistant. Therefore, it is concluded that in general the forced expiration technique is preferable. PMID- 3234522 TI - Periodic leg movement, sleep fragmentation and central sleep apnoea in two cases: reduction with Clonazepam. AB - Two subjects presented with periodic leg movement (PLM) syndrome during sleep that was characterized by marked sleep fragmentation and repetitive short central apnoeas. Treatment of PLM using Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine with hypnotic properties, markedly reduced the sleep fragmentation due to PLM and, despite its depressant properties on the central nervous system, controlled the repetitive central apnoeas. These two observations, although rare, give insight into the role of non-ventilatory variables in the development of sleep apnoea. Significant sleep fragmentation should be considered when assessing factors leading to respiratory instability during sleep and/or the pathophysiology of sleep apnoea syndromes. PMID- 3234523 TI - Massive melanoptysis: a serious unrecognized complication of coal worker's pneumoconiosis. AB - Black sputum is produced when cavitation of progressive massive fibrosis occurs due to mycobacterial and anaerobic bacterial infections (67%) or ischaemic necrosis. The blackish or greyish sputum suggests cavitation of conglomerated masses; the acinar shadows in gravity dependent areas together with cavitary pneumoconiosis, make us suspect an insufficiency of bronchial clearing. Bronchoscopy confirms the diagnosis by showing the airway blocked by dark material. During melanoptysis the patient suffers respiratory failure which can be fatal. Close vigilance of the arterial blood gases is essential. Measures must be taken to maintain clear airways. Melanoptysis should be listed with the other complications of coal worker's pneumoconiosis. PMID- 3234524 TI - Tea-dust induced asthma. AB - A 55-yr old female worker in a tea-packing production line developed asthma to tea-dust. She had no previous history of chest disease, and skin prick testing to a solution of tea-dust and to a variety of common allergens were all negative. Diagnosis was established by serial peak expiratory flow rate readings. Bronchial provocation challenge with tea-dust demonstrated a late asthmatic reaction. PMID- 3234525 TI - Human systems as linguistic systems: preliminary and evolving ideas about the implications for clinical theory. AB - From our earliest practice of family therapy at medical schools, private family therapy institutes, and public agencies, our work with difficult populations that do not respond to current treatment technologies has reminded us of the inadequacies of our theoretical descriptions and the limitations of our expertise. This work has influenced our current, evolving clinical theory as we move from thinking of human systems as social systems defined by social organization (role and structure) to thinking of them as distinguished on the basis of linguistic and communicative markers. Hence, for us, the social unit we work with in therapy is a linguistic system distinguished by those who are "in language" about a problem, rather than by arbitrary and predetermined concepts of social organization. We call the therapy system a problem-organizing, problem-dis solving system. PMID- 3234526 TI - Return of the question "why": advantages of exploring pre-existing explanations. AB - We suggest that there are many advantages in thoroughly exploring the causal explanations given by clients or members of their social network to account for their problems. Specific interviewing techniques are presented to uncover clients' causal explanations or their impressions about the causal explanations of others. Various advantages of exploring these explanations are discussed. They include improved cooperation, development of "systemic empathy," detachment from the explanations of other professionals, recognition and avoidance of coalitions, loosening of firmly held explanations, dilution of noxious explanations, generation of new and positive explanations toward solutions, and taking a bird's eye view or meta position about such explanations. We conclude that acceptance and appreciation of the human tendency to believe in causal explanations is a fruitful way to enhance interaction between clinicians and clients. PMID- 3234527 TI - The transition to parenthood: III. Incorporation of the child into the family. AB - The major focus of this article is the relationship of the parents' marital relationship structure to the incorporation of the child into the family. Our central hypothesis is that couples who have evolved more competent marital structures prenatally are more likely to incorporate the child successfully into the family. PMID- 3234528 TI - The family systems of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. AB - Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy describes a parent who fabricates the appearance of physical illness in a child. Previous descriptions of the syndrome have focused exclusively upon medical or psychiatric assessments of the involved child and perpetrating parent. The family evaluations of two cases presented here suggest that Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy may be a systemic syndrome generated when a mother already possessing a somatoform or factitious disorder joins an enmeshed, authoritarian family system possessing a systemic history of exploitation of children. We suggest that measures instituted to protect the abused child must take into account the systemic function of the Munchausen by Proxy behavior in maintaining family stability, lest such measures be rendered ineffective by family members. When there is ongoing victimization of perpetrating parents in a similar pattern of dominance/submission within their own family of origin, disruption of these intergenerational patterns of exploitation may be a necessary component of treatment. PMID- 3234529 TI - Emotionally disturbed, adopted adolescents: early patterns of family adaptation. AB - This article focuses on the development of compatibility or goodness-of-fit within adoptive families and on the possible contribution of such problems to emotional disturbance of adolescents. Subjects included 50 adopted adolescents in residential treatment (mean age = 14.96) and their families, and 50 nonadopted adolescents in treatment (mean age = 14.90) and their families. The child, both parents, and the child's caseworker were interviewed. Three distinctive interactional patterns presenting adaptational challenges are discussed: the family's adaptation to the child's hyperactivity, the family's adaptation to the child's avoidance of contact and cuddling from early infancy, and perceived incompatibility between the child's personality and the parents' style. Results are discussed in terms of behavioral and attributional contributions of both the child and parents to the development of compatibility. Implications for clinicians are discussed. PMID- 3234530 TI - Joint custody: research, theory, and policy. AB - A majority of states have now enacted legislation addressing the issue of joint custody of children after divorce. This article examines current research on the subject, explores its implications for family theory, and attempts to draw some empirically based conclusions regarding policy. The literature would seem to support a structuralist view of the family and to undermine normative theories of the family life cycle. The author concludes that policy should not be aimed at developing a presumption of joint legal custody alone, but, rather, of joint physical custody with specified limitations. PMID- 3234531 TI - Comparing lesbian and heterosexual couples on the circumplex model: an initial investigation. AB - This study extends the research on the Circumplex Model to a population of lesbian couples. Instruments consisted of a demographic questionnaire, FACES III, and the Family Satisfaction Scale. Lesbian couples reported significantly higher levels of cohesion, adaptability, and satisfaction than did heterosexual couples. Exceptionally high levels of cohesion and adaptability may help lesbian couples function more successfully in a predominantly heterosexual world. Further, women's socialization may predispose female couples to form more cohesive and adaptable relationships than heterosexual couples. This article also emphasizes the cultural relativity of family norms for studies of lesbian and all minority population couples. PMID- 3234532 TI - Testing clinical hypotheses by means of "falsificationist epistemology". AB - A family therapist using the "falsificationist epistemology" can, during the first session, test the hypotheses formulated on the telephone intake chart and also gather further information to reexamine and redefine these hypotheses. We shall examine a case treated by Dr. G. Prata, analyzing the most important phases of the first session, and stressing what methodological and tactical choices were designed to test the leading hypothesis of the "game" played by this family. PMID- 3234533 TI - Determination of atracurium in human plasma by derivative spectrophotometry. PMID- 3234534 TI - [A new excipient in pharmaceutical formulation of theophylline tablets of the hydrophilic matrix type: the pulp of the baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata L.)]. PMID- 3234535 TI - HPLC method for quantitative determination of synthetic ceruletide and its impurities. PMID- 3234536 TI - On the release of prednisone from oil in water microemulsions. PMID- 3234537 TI - Binding of theophylline, ethophylline and diprophylline to human serum albumin. PMID- 3234538 TI - [Mnemonic effects of substituted amides of imidazole-4(5)-carboxylic acid in rats]. AB - The effects of four derivatives of imidazole-4(5)-carboxylic acid on the formation and extinction of the conditioned drinking reflex and the preservation of the conditioned response of passive avoidance after electroconvulsive shock or mechanic craniocerebral injury were studied during experiments on rats. N methylamide of imidazole-4(5)-carboxylic acid exhibited the greatest psychostimulant and antiamnestic activity. Addition of beta-phenylisopropyl radical to NH2-group resulted in the appearance of depressant properties. PMID- 3234539 TI - [Hydrolysis by plasma cholinesterase of complex adamantyl-containing esters]. AB - The kinetics of cholinesterase enzymatic hydrolysis of carboxylic acid adamantyl derivatives was studied in vitro. The maximal rate of enzymatic hydrolysis in the series of bis-esters was shown to increase on elongation of the distance between ester groups. The maximal hydrolysis rate in the series of bis- and mono-esters decreases on elongation of the distance between ester group and quaternary nitrogen atom. The addition of adamantyl radical to the alcohol part of the molecule of bis- and mono-esters prevents the hydrolysis. The addition of lipophilic radicals to the cationic group of derivatives of mono- and dicarboxylic acids exerts a greater effect on the maximal hydrolysis rate in monoesters than in bis-esters. PMID- 3234540 TI - [Klofelin intensification of the analgesic effect of ketamine and its influence on the nociceptive reaction of the arterial pressure]. AB - Clonidine was found to potentiate the analgesic effect of ketamine and to inhibit nociceptive hemodynamic reactions in wakeful animals. It is assumed that opiate mechanisms do not underlie the analgesic and autonomotropic effects of clonidine and ketamine combination. PMID- 3234541 TI - [Effect of estrogens on the lipid composition of the plasma membranes of the uterine cells in ovariectomized rats]. AB - The effects of estradiol, estrone and estriol on lipid composition of plasma membranes of the ovariectomized rat uterus cells were studied. It was found that estrogens (10 micrograms/100 g weight) and estrone (25 micrograms/100 g) fail to produce statistically significant changes in lipid contents in plasma membranes. Estradiol and estriol (25 micrograms/100 g) were shown to increase phospholipid content in plasma membranes calculated for protein. PMID- 3234542 TI - [Interaction of the calcium salt of heparin with specific antagonists and ethacizine]. AB - Protamine sulfate was shown to bind calcium heparinate isolated from the pig intestinal mucosa during in vitro experiments in 0.6:1 ration and during experiments on rabbits and dogs in 1.5:1 ratio. 2,5-ionen neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of calcium heparinate during in vitro and animal experiments in 0.6:1 ratio. Neutralization of calcium heparinate requires by approximately 30% more specific antagonists than neutralization of the same amount of sodium heparinate. Ethacizine was found in experiments on rabbits to decrease the anticoagulant effect of calcium heparinate to the same degree as does sodium heparinate. PMID- 3234543 TI - [The action of methandrostenolone and ecdysterone on the physical endurance of animals and on protein metabolism in the skeletal muscles]. AB - The results of the comparative study on the myotropic activity of methandrostenolone and ecdysterone and their effects on physical endurance of animals suggested that ecdysterone possessing a wider spectrum of the anabolic action on the contractile proteins of the skeletal muscles exerts a more pronounced influence on physical endurance of animals without their preliminary training. PMID- 3234544 TI - [Mechanism of action of voltaren on the smooth muscles of the blood vessels]. AB - The effect of voltaren on the electrical and contractile activity of smooth muscle cells of the rabbit portal vein and the bovine cerebral arteries was studied by sucrose gap method. Voltaren was found to rarefy (10(-6)-10-10( 3)mol/l) or to suppress (10(-4)-10(-3)mol/l) spontaneous electrical and contractile activity and to relax the portal vein muscle strips. At concentrations of 5.10(-6)-5.10(-3) mol/l voltaren caused a dose-dependent relaxation of the cerebral arterial muscle strips. The relaxation of the smooth muscles of the blood vessels induced by voltaren is suggested to be due to inhibition of calcium ions influx into muscle cells through different types of calcium channels. PMID- 3234545 TI - [The action of cortifen and corticosterone on the thymocyte nucleoid of mice in vivo and in vitro]. AB - The effect of therapeutic doses of a hormonal cytostatic cortifen and corticosterone on supramolecular DNA structures of mice thymocyte nucleoid was studied. Capillary elastoviscometry showed that in vivo damage to supramolecular DNA complex structure there was a difference already two hours after injection of these agents. After 24 hours the damaging effects on nucleoid were markedly higher. The role of the hormone and alkylating group of cortifen in the cytotoxic action of antitumor agents is discussed. PMID- 3234546 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the metabolic indices of hexosamine-containing biopolymers in the stomach]. AB - The experimental findings showed that hydrocortisone effect on metabolism of hexosamine-containing biopolymers of the stomach was dose-dependent. When administered in a small dose (0.2 mg/kg body weight) it increased the activity of biosynthesis of hexosamines, which are necessary for the formation of hexosamine containing biopolymers, and also increased the total content in the gastric wall of biopolymers, glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins soluble in perchloric acid. Administration of a large dose of the hormone (50 mg/kg) produced opposite changes in the studied tissue. In patients with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, exacerbation of which occurred against the background of stress-induced hypercorticosteroidemia, there was observed a decrease of glycosaminoglycan content in the gastric juice and mucosa. A decrease of hexosamine content in glycoproteins was noted. PMID- 3234547 TI - [Preclinical toxicologic study of glyciram]. AB - A preclinical study of safety of a plant preparation glyciram was carried out. At a single administration to laboratory animals the preparation is virtually a nontoxic compound. Intragastric administration of glyciram for 6 months in doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg may produce in animals functional changes of the liver and kidneys, which one should take into consideration when prescribing the preparation to patients suffering from diseases of these organs. The use of glyciram in doses of from 10 to 250 mg/kg causes no remote consequences- allergic, immunodepressive reactions, embryo-toxic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects. PMID- 3234549 TI - [A simple gauge of volumetric blood flow velocity]. AB - A device for measuring the blood flow volume velocity based on the principle of blood drops count per an unit of time was developed. The device is simple to manufacture, has an appropriate precision, a wide scale of measurements and can continuously record the blood flow dynamics during an experiment. PMID- 3234548 TI - [Aldehyde dehydrogenase in rats during the acute administration of ethanol]. AB - One hour after intraperitoneal administration of ethanol at a dose of 3.5 g/kg the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) decreased in n. accumbens capillaries of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum and in neurocytes of the sensomotor cortex. This indicates a transient weakening of aldehyde-metabolizing activity, particularly in the region of the cerebral neocortex. Six hours later the activity of the enzyme in most brain structures was increased, which is the manifestation of neurochemical adaptation to the elevated level of aldehydes. PMID- 3234550 TI - Injury to the femoral vessels--the Lebanese War experience. AB - Over a 10-year-period extending from January 1976 to September 1986, 800 peripheral vascular injuries were surgically treated at the American University of Beirut Medical Centre. Of these, 150 were operated on because of injury to the femoral vessels. Bullets were the commonest wounding agents (60% of cases). Thirty-seven patients had a femoral artery injury, 27 a femoral vein injury and 86 combined femoral artery and vein damage. Twenty-three per cent of the patients had an associated fracture of the femur. Patients with fractures had an 11% amputation rate compared with 1% for those without fractures. Our data reveals the importance of venous reconstruction in the presence of an arterial injury instead of its ligation (P less than 0.05), particularly when there is an associated fracture of the femur. Thirty-seven per cent of patients were in shock on admission (systolic BP 90 mmHg). The amputation rate in these patients was 6.8% in contrast to 1% in the haemodynamically stable group (P less than 0.05). The overall amputation rate was 3.3%. Complications occurred in 36.6% of patients and the mortality was 4.0%. PMID- 3234551 TI - Results of a bovine collagen vascular graft (Solcograft-P) in infra-inguinal positions. AB - A new bovine collagen prosthesis (SOLCOGRAFT P) was tested clinically. Previous biophysical and animal experiments had yielded promising results, including a modulus of elasticity closely resembling that of human arteries. Eighty-four prostheses were implanted in the femoro-popliteal and 20 in the femoro infrapopliteal positions. While the cumulative patency rates were acceptable (86% after one year, 74% after two years, 69% after 3 years, and 59% after four years), the cumulative aneurysm rate was unacceptably high (2.2% after one year, 16.9% after two years, 36.6% after three years and 42.6% after four years). We comment on the reasons why the actual incidence of aneurysms in biografts has been underestimated in the past. The management of graft aneurysms and the remaining indications for reconstructive surgery with the SOLCOGRAFT P are also discussed. PMID- 3234552 TI - The predictive value of blood flow velocity in femoro-distal bypass. AB - The predictive value of peroperative blood flow measurements has been evaluated in a prospective study of femoro-distal bypass grafts. Seventy grafts placed in patients with critical ischaemia were assessed with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Thirty-one grafts were performed using autogenous saphenous vein (ASV), 27 using a polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis (PTFE) and in 12 human umbilical vein (HUV) was used. Six grafts failed early (within 1 month of operation) and 19 failed late, giving an overall patency rate of 60% at 5 years. ASV grafts had a significantly better patency rate than either prosthetic material. Analysis of flow rates measured before and after regional vasodilatation revealed no significant differences between types of graft or between grafts that subsequently failed and those remaining patent. Flow velocity prior to vasodilatation was significantly higher in patent grafts (mean 13.6) compared to those failing early (mean 6.3), but not compared to those failing late (mean 9.4). Flow velocities were also significantly higher in ASV grafts than prosthetic grafts. Flow velocity measured after vasodilatation was significantly higher in grafts remaining patent (mean 28.4) than those which failed late (mean 19.2). It is concluded that flow velocity is of value in the prediction of graft outcome. Graft velocity after vasodilatation of less than 20 cm/s. Predicted failure in 19 of 25 grafts that occluded. We are currently evaluating the selective use of anticoagulants in femoropopliteal grafts with a maximal flow velocity below 20 cm/s. PMID- 3234554 TI - [Prenatal hypotrophy]. PMID- 3234553 TI - Radionuclide ventriculography and two dimensional echocardiography as predictors of left ventricular performance during aortic vascular surgery. AB - Sixteen consecutive patients scheduled for elective aortic vascular surgery underwent preoperative LVEF determination employing two dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and radionuclide ventriculography (RNV). Measured and derived indices of cardiac function were recorded before and after induction of anaesthesia, aortic cross-clamping and aortic unclamping. Induction of anaesthesia was associated with significant decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), cardiac index (CI) and with a highly significant decrease in left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI). Aortic cross-clamping was associated with significant increases in MAP and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) whereas aortic unclamping was associated with a significant decrease in SVR. Preoperative LVEF, as measured by RNV and 2DE, were similar. Resting ejection fractions correlated poorly with both preoperative cardiac indices and with changes in indices of left ventricular performance seen intraoperatively. Preoperative ejection fraction determination did not predict intraoperative left ventricular performance. Preoperative exercise scanning may prove more informative. PMID- 3234555 TI - [Cervix incompetence]. PMID- 3234556 TI - [Child physical development and the problems of primary medical health care in the rural areas of developing countries]. PMID- 3234557 TI - [Bronchial asthma treatment]. PMID- 3234558 TI - [Masked depression]. PMID- 3234559 TI - [Congenital glaucoma]. PMID- 3234560 TI - [Emotions and health]. PMID- 3234561 TI - [Viral hepatitis and pregnancy]. PMID- 3234562 TI - [The asthmatic variant of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3234563 TI - [Dysfunctional uterine hemorrhage]. PMID- 3234564 TI - [Epidemiological analysis: the main content]. PMID- 3234565 TI - Histopathological effect of cadmium on the testes of mice from the KE inbred strain. PMID- 3234566 TI - Diurnal changes in the activity of arylsulphatases A and B of rat liver. PMID- 3234567 TI - Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in workers of the blast furnace division of a metallurgical plant. PMID- 3234568 TI - Studies on the biology of Argas (A.) reflexus Fabricius, 1794 (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae). I. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on embryonic development and egg hatch. PMID- 3234569 TI - Binucleate chondrocytes in auricular cartilage of laboratory rodents. PMID- 3234570 TI - The effect of bovine parathormone on ultimobranchial body, parathyroid gland and paravertebral lime sacs as correlated with serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels in Bufo melanostictus Schneider. PMID- 3234571 TI - Changes in cohort wealth over a generation. AB - Empirical computation of expected wealth is hampered by two problems: mortality risks vary in the population and over time; and observation of net estates for most cohorts is truncated, as some individuals in a cohort survive the calendar date on which observation is terminated. These two problems are solved in estimating cohort wealth for a sample of Wisconsin taxpayers. Hazard rate models of differential occupational mortality risks were estimated from the occupational information on the tax records. Values of net estate are simulated for individuals in each birth cohort who survived. Survivors have characteristics that imply greater wealth holdings than the deceased in every birth year covered by the study (1890-1924). Because of this, estimates of wealth-age relationships produced by the estate multiplier method for any given year will have a serious downward bias. Longitudinal data imply that dissaving does not occur after age 65. PMID- 3234572 TI - Variations in marriage patterns in central Thailand. AB - Data from a survey of marriage patterns in central Thailand illustrate the complexity of change in marriage patterns in a developing society--the diversity of traditional patterns, the different directions of change, and the variations in current patterns. The data were collected in 1978 and 1979 from ever-married women aged 15-44 in three settings:a central plains village, established areas in Bangkok, and a Bangkok squatter settlement. Three forms of entry into marriage were identified:ceremonial marriage with parental involvement in the choice of spouse, ceremonial marriage with self-choice of spouse, and nonceremonial marriage (elopement and living together). All three forms of marriage existed in each setting, and the dominant form differed in each. In general, a family background of higher socioeconomic status led to a greater likelihood of a marriage ceremony and greater parental involvement in spouse choice. Women with more education were also more likely to marry with ceremony, but higher education for daughters was associated with less parental involvement in spouse choice. These findings suggest that marriage patterns may remain diverse in Thailand, even as further development occurs. PMID- 3234573 TI - Age patterns of elderly migration: an international comparison. AB - Age-specific rates of migration exhibit remarkably persistent regularities in age profile. These regularities seem to hold all over the world and across time. This article identifies some of the principal antecedents of such regularities, focusing especially on the age patterns of migration exhibited by the elderly. It examines the differentials introduced by gender, distance, and marital status. PMID- 3234574 TI - Changes in the retirement process among older men in the United States: 1972 1980. AB - Recent changes in older men's retirement patterns are investigated for the United States. The results show that labor force incumbents, particularly those in secondary occupations, experienced increases in the volume of both retirement and reentry to the labor force. In addition, although working life expectancy remained relatively stable across occupations, men in secondary occupations spent increasingly greater portions of their work lives in postretirement jobs. Finally, large increases in nonworking life expectancy occurred because of substantial increases in life expectancy. In several occupations, however, declines in working life expectancy were major contributors to increases in nonworking life expectancy. PMID- 3234575 TI - The timing of falls into poverty after retirement and widowhood. AB - A major concern of workers, even those financially prepared for retirement, is that a small risk of poverty may grow over time. Cross-sectional data showing that older cohorts have higher poverty rates substantiate this concern. Using data from the Retirement History Study, we analyze changes in the hazard of entering poverty as a cohort of elderly couples retire and age and the wives are widowed. The initial fall into poverty among those who were not poor before the husband retired is more closely linked to the event of retirement or widowhood than to the slowly eroding household income over the period of retirement and widowhood. The death of her retired husband puts a wife in economic jeopardy whether this shock occurs one year after his retirement or some years later. PMID- 3234576 TI - Multinomial and conditional logit discrete-choice models in demography. AB - Although discrete-choice statistical techniques have been used with increasing regularity in demographic analyses, McFadden's conditional logit model is less well known and seldom used. Conditional logit models are appropriate when the choice among alternatives is modeled as a function of the characteristics of the alternatives, rather than (or in addition to) the characteristics of the individual making the choice. We argue that this feature of conditional logit makes it more appropriate for estimating behavioral models. In this article, the conditional logit model is presented and compared with the more familiar multinomial logit model. The difference between the two techniques is illustrated with an analysis of the choice of marital and welfare status by divorced or separated women. PMID- 3234577 TI - Age-specific growth rates: the legacy of past population dynamics. AB - Recent developments in population mathematics have focused attention on a function that is widely available but rarely examined: the set of age-specific growth rates in a population. In particular, this set of rates is sufficient for translating the current birth rate and age-specific mortality rates into the current age distribution. This growth-rate function contains all of the pertinent features of a population's demographic history that are required to relate major demographic functions for a particular period to one another. This article presents an expression for the age-specific growth rate and uses it to derive an equation for age distribution. We show how the value of the age-specific growth rate is determined by a population's demographic past and present various sets of growth rates corresponding to stylized demographic scenarios. Several noteworthy sets of growth rates observed in human populations are discussed. Finally, we explain why age-specific growth rates make it possible to determine the age distribution solely from information on current demographic conditions. PMID- 3234578 TI - Implications of boundary choice for the measurement of residential mobility. AB - Analyses of residential mobility are usually conditioned on a system of geography in which territory is divided into discrete units. Types of movement are defined in terms of these units, the most important distinction being that between local mobility and migration. Here we examine explicitly the implications of the choice of the migration-defining boundary in the U.S. over the 1940-1980 period. We demonstrate how boundary choice influences the extent and character of selectivity of the mobile population by using demographic and social characteristics. It appears that over time the state line may be replacing the county line in distinguishing kinds of migrants. Further, our results point to a growing fraction of footloose migrants, not tied to local territory, identified by their migration history rather than demographic characteristics. PMID- 3234579 TI - Stability over time in the distribution of population forecast errors. AB - A number of studies in recent years have investigated empirical approaches to the production of confidence intervals for population projections. The critical assumption underlying these approaches is that the distribution of forecast errors remains stable over time. In this article, we evaluate this assumption by making population projections for states for a number of time periods during the 20th century, comparing these projections with census enumerations to determine forecast errors, and analyzing the stability of the resulting error distributions over time. These data are then used to construct and test empirical confidence limits. We find that in this sample the distribution of absolute percentage errors remained relatively stable over time and data on past forecast errors provided very useful predictions of future forecast errors. PMID- 3234580 TI - Flow cytometry of fibroblasts cultured from skin of patients with localized scleroderma. AB - Fibroblast cultures were initiated from affected and unaffected skin sites of 6 patients with localized scleroderma. Two of the affected cell lines exhibited more than threefold increases in procollagen production and mRNA levels. All the cell lines were analyzed by flow cytometry to detect a possible heterogeneity of scleroderma fibroblast cultures which could explain the production of excessive amounts of collagen. No evidence of a subpopulation responsible for elevated collagen production was detected using cytoplasmic dot hybridization of cells fractionated by flow cytometry. When compared with the nonaffected controls, all the cell lines from affected skin areas of scleroderma patients were found to exhibit a lower level of cellular autofluorescence, suggesting an alteration in metabolic activity. The results show that the heterogeneity of scleroderma fibroblasts that was found in vivo is lost when the cells are cultured. PMID- 3234581 TI - Minor clinical features of atopic dermatitis. Evaluation of their diagnostic significance. AB - The diagnostic significance of 8 previously proposed minor features of atopic dermatitis (AD) was evaluated. The minor features studied were: nipple eczema, cheilitis, Dennie-Morgan infraorbital fold, pityriasis alba, anterior neck folds, wool intolerance, white dermographism and infraauricular fissuring. The incidence of these features was appreciated in 105 patients with typical AD (median age 8.5 years) and compared to that in 113 control subjects (median age 16 years). The ages of all studied individuals ranged from 7 months to 24 years. Two of these signs, anterior neck folds and the Dennie-Morgan infraorbital fold as defined by us, were shown to be of no diagnostic significance. The other 6 features were confirmed to be valuable diagnostic clues in AD. PMID- 3234582 TI - Anti-Ro-positive lupus and hereditary angioneurotic edema. A 7-year follow-up with worsening of lupus under danazol treatment. AB - A 24-year-old woman, having familial hereditary angioneurotic edema (HAE) treated with danazol, developed an anti-Ro-positive lupus featured by a mild erythematous eruption that seemed initially to decrease and then worsened under danazol, and dramatically improved after danazol was withdrawn. The relationship between lupus and HAE is discussed with special reference to the hormonal sensitivity of autoimmune diseases. It is possible that the responsibility of danazol as well as the immunogenetic background can explain the clinical course of this association. PMID- 3234583 TI - Development of cutaneous pseudolymphoma following ciclosporin therapy of actinic reticuloid. AB - The patient is a 57-year-old man with actinic reticuloid, who despite systemic prednisone, azathioprine, topical steroid, and sun-protective cream had to stay indoors in the summer of 1986. In February 1987 he was started on ciclosporin (CS), 5.5 mg per kg body weight, and skin symptoms did not develop as usual in spring and summer 1987. Following 4 months of successful therapy, he developed an indolent tumor on his right chin and parapsoriasis en plaque on the lower arms and legs. Histological examinations of the tumor showed an intense lymphoid infiltrate of a pseudolymphomatous type. The tumor regressed partly following discontinuation of CS, but additional radiation therapy had to be administered. His clinical symptoms of actinic reticuloid reappeared. Eight months after CS treatment he developed a malignant T cell lymphoma with metastasis in the regional lymph nodes on the neck. CS should not be used in diseases with potential premalignant features even though its therapeutic efficacy in actinic reticuloid was impressive. PMID- 3234584 TI - Papular xanthoma. Clinical, histological and ultrastructural study. AB - The 5th case of papular xanthoma is reported. This entity can be differentiated on the basis of clinical and histological features: normolipidemic, nonconfluent, eruptive xanthomas located on the face, trunk and mucous membranes with no internal involvement. Histologically there are foamy cells and Touton giant cells without an inflammatory or histiocytic component. Electron microscopy shows macrophages packed with free lipidic vacuoles and lacking specific markers. PMID- 3234585 TI - Muscle magnesium and capillary basement membrane thickness in diabetes mellitus. AB - To evaluate a possible relationship between Mg deficiency and the development of microvascular disease in diabetes mellitus, quadriceps muscle biopsies for estimating Mg content and capillary basement membrane thickness, were studied in 16 patients with type I diabetes. The diabetic individuals had a slightly but significantly reduced muscle Mg content as compared with 13 healthy controls. There was a significant, positive correlation between capillary basement membrane width and age in the diabetic group, but no relationship between membrane thickness and muscle or serum concentration of Mg. However, diabetic patients with retinopathy (n = 6) showed a nonsignificant inverse correlation between basement membrane thickness and Mg parameters. The opposite tendency was found in patients without retinal lesions. PMID- 3234586 TI - Foods with a low glycemic index do not improve glycemic control of both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients after one month of therapy. AB - Twenty four diabetic patients (12 type 1 and 12 type 2) were studied to determine the influence of using foods rich in carbohydrates with either low or high glycemic indexes on the glycemic control of Diabetes Mellitus. All patients were treated with insulin. During 2 periods of 4 weeks the patients received, at lunch, 2 types of foods rich in carbohydrates as part of their usual diet. Meal A: foods with a low glycemic index and Meal B: foods with a high glycemic index. During the last 7 days of each period the patients determined, at home, their capillary glucose levels before and 1, 2, and 3 hours after lunch by means of a reflectometer. At the end of each period HbA1 levels were also determined. No differences in insulin dose or changes in body weight were found during the two periods of the study for both types of diabetic patients. Capillary glucose levels before lunch were similar on both diets and for both types of diabetic patients. Similarly, postprandial capillary glucose levels 1, 2, and 3 hours later were not different for both died A and diet B. No statistically significant differences were found either in HbA1 values for both periods of the study. These results confirm previous ones obtained in acute studies. The present findings indicate that the glycemic response of foods rich in carbohydrates is modified when included in a mixed meal by the other components of the meal. From these date it can be inferred that the use in a diet of foods with a low glycemic index does not improve the glycemic control of patients affected of Diabetes Mellitus. PMID- 3234587 TI - [Fructosamine and HbA1c during monitoring of glucose levels in diabetes]. AB - The authors compared the nycthemeral variations of fructosamine levels in nineteen patients with diabetes to fluctuations in their glucose levels. Thirty five other patients with poorly controlled diabetes were given an optimal treatment then followed up for 2 months (mean glucose levels, fructosamine and HbA1c assays). Mean nycthemeral variations in fructosamine levels did not appear to be correlated with glucose levels. However, intraindividual nycthemeral variability was greater than the analytic variability. After correction for total protein levels this variability was smaller but remained significative. In this longitudinal study, fructosamine and HbA1c levels decreased when control of glucose levels improved. However, decreases were notably greater in HbA1c than in fructosamine compared at 15, 45 and 60 days of follow up. Inversely, fructosamine was correlated better with the mean glucose levels of the preceding 7 days than was HbA1c. When mean glucose levels were calculated for the 15, 30, 45 and 60 preceding days, the results favored HbA1c. The findings presented in this study show that HbA1c remains the best criteria for monitoring medium term glucose levels. However, further word is needed before this conclusion can be confirmed. PMID- 3234588 TI - Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase excretion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: relation to microalbuminuria, retinopathy and glycaemic control. AB - N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion was measured in early morning urine samples from 133 Albustix-negative, normotensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 89 non-diabetic controls. Urinary NAG activity was determined using a chromogenic substrate, 2 methoxy-4-(2'-nitrovinyl)-phenyl 2-acetamido-3-deoxy beta-D-glucopyranoside, and expressed as mumol MNP released/hour/mmol of creatinine. Overall, diabetic patients were found to have a significantly elevated mean urinary NAG activity (p less than 0.01) compared to controls. Within the diabetic patients urinary NAG activity was significantly elevated in patients with either microalbuminuria (p less than 0.001) or "poor" glycaemic control (p less than 0.001), but not in those with retinopathy (p = 0.117). Three way analysis of variance revealed that the relationship of raised urinary NAG to microalbuminuria and "poor" glycaemic control were statistically independent. Elevated urinary NAG excretion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus appears to be associated with early diabetic nephropathy and poor long-term glycaemic control. PMID- 3234589 TI - [Pitfalls in blood glucose self-monitoring]. PMID- 3234590 TI - Interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with the Mr approximately 90,000 heat shock protein. PMID- 3234591 TI - Regulatory regions of androgen-responsive genes. PMID- 3234592 TI - Hormonal and tissue-specific control of rat prolactin and rat growth hormone gene expression. PMID- 3234593 TI - Import of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3234594 TI - Photoregulation of transcription of chloroplast genes. PMID- 3234595 TI - Effect of dopamine on plasma growth hormone and prolactin concentrations under anaesthesia. AB - Five patients with acromegaly and five patients with prolactinoma undergoing general anaesthesia were studied. Concentrations of plasma growth hormone in patients with acromegaly and concentrations of plasma prolactin in patients with prolactinoma were measured before anaesthesia, when 250 mg levodopa was administered orally, and after anaesthesia when dopamine was infused intravenously at a rate of 5 micrograms/kg.min. There was no difference in hormonal (growth hormone or prolactin) response to either treatment in the anaesthetized and the awake states. These findings indicate that the functioning of dopamine receptors in the anterior pituitary is not affected by anaesthesia. PMID- 3234596 TI - Modified release tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity. AB - A 6-week study of a modified release formulation of tizanidine designed for once daily administration was performed in 27 patients with spasticity due to cerebral lesions. The dosage of tizanidine used ranged from 6 to 18 mg/day. At the start of the study all patients had at least moderate spasticity and 20 (74%) patients had severe or very severe spasticity. All had a decrease in muscle strength. After 1 week of treatment 22 (81%) patients showed improvement in overall spastic state and, after 6 weeks, all 27 patients had improved. At the end of treatment 25 (93%) patients showed an improvement in overall disability. The drug was well tolerated. Side-effects were reported in only four patients, and these were minor and mostly mild. Tizanidine had no clinically important effects on blood pressure, heart rate, body weight or laboratory values. Overall, once daily treatment with modified release tizanidine is well tolerated and gives good clinical efficacy in patients with spasticity. PMID- 3234597 TI - The use of low dose cyclosporin A in a case of recalcitrant erythrodermic psoriasis. AB - A 48-year-old Thai female, who had stage 2 carcinoma of the breast presented with recalcitrant erythrodermic psoriasis which was unresponsive to conventional therapies. She was prescribed 6 mg/kg.day cyclosporin A. The erythroderma responded rapidly and was completely cleared within 3 weeks. The dosage was reduced in a step-wise manner to 4 and then 2 mg/kg.day and was stopped after 2 months of treatment. Complete clearing of the skin lesion was observed without any side-effects except mild nausea. The patient was then referred to surgery for mastectomy and chemotherapy. There was no clinical relapse during more than 1 year of follow-up and at present she is continuing to do well. PMID- 3234598 TI - Effect of maternal presence on the fear response to an unfamiliar environment as measured by heart rate in rats as a function of age. AB - Rats 16 to 60 days of age were placed in an unfamiliar environment either alone or in the presence of an anesthetized lactating dam. Rats of all ages show a dramatic increase in fear, as measured by heart rate (HR), when placed alone in an unfamiliar environment. Adult rats, however, show a rapid decline in heart rate during the course of a 90-min session, whereas 16-day-old rats show no significant decrease in HR during the same period. These results suggest that the adult rats become less fearful of the test environment over time, but that the 16 day-olds maintain a high level of fear throughout the 90-min test period. Twenty three- and 30-day-old rats show an adultlike pattern of adaptation to the unfamiliar environment, i.e., their heart rates return partially but not completely to baseline levels within the 90-min session. When an anesthetized lactating dam is present in the test environment, a strikingly different pattern of results is obtained. Heart rate in the 16-day-old rat is immediately reduced to near baseline levels whereas in the young adult (60-day-old) rat the presence of the anesthetized dam has no effect on either initial HR or rate of adaptation. Again the 23- and 30-day-old rats showed an intermediate pattern of adaptation. In two follow-up experiments the effects of adding (Expt. 2) or removing (Expt. 3) an anesthetized dam on the 16-day-old rats' response to an unfamiliar environment was examined. Both experiments showed that animals were more fearful when the dam was absent from the environment than when it was present. PMID- 3234599 TI - Effects of lateral displacement of the visual field on the development of visual motor abilities in cats. AB - In this study, we test the flexibility of the cat's visual system by examining the visual-motor effects of both moderate and extreme lateral displacement of the visual field. While being reared with masks that provided either 0, 15, or 30 diopters lateral displacement of the visual field, 23 kittens received 3 tests of visual-motor abilities: a visual cliff task, a visual guiding task, and a five alley choice task. No significant differences were found among the 0, 15, or 30 diopter displacement groups for any of the 3 tasks for either the total number of days to reach criterion performance, for the development of performance over time during the early days of testing, or for the development over time to criterion performance. After reaching criterion, kittens readapted to transposed conditions of displacement. The group changed 30 diopters did significantly worse than the group changed 15 diopters, both in error scores and in time to criterion performance. The present results with kittens are compared to those of other investigators and suggestions are made for future research. PMID- 3234600 TI - Development of salt aversion in the Fischer-344 rat. AB - Adult Fischer-344 (F-344) rats fail to prefer NaCl solutions of any concentration to water and, in fact, avoid NaCl at solution concentrations which other strains of rats reliably prefer. In contrast, immature rats of a number of strains have been reported to express an elevated salt preference relative to adults. The present studies examine the development of the F-344 rat's salt aversion by testing salt preference in the preweaning (Day 10) and weanling (Days 20-24) F 344 rat. At Day 10, F-344 rats ingested significantly more 1% and 2% NaCl solutions than water during "towel testing" and their preference was comparable to that displayed by other strains at this age. By the time of normal weaning (Days 20-24) significant avoidance of NaCl solutions in the isotonic range was displayed by F-344 rats, and their preference was strikingly different from other rat strains. This was evident in a 24-hr 2-bottle preference test as well as a 25 min "towel test." Since NaCl preference of F-344 rats is comparable to other rat strains at Day 10 but dramatically different by Day 20, a change must occur during this time which reverses the hedonic value of NaCl stimulation. Identification of factors responsible for this reversal may provide insight into the causes both of the F-344 rat's dislike of salt and the immature rats elevated salt preference. PMID- 3234601 TI - The ontogeny of exploratory behavior in the house rat (Rattus rattus): the mobility gradient. AB - Infants of rats and other mammals respond to a novel environment by becoming immobile, and then showing a process of motorial expansion called "warm-up." Starting from immobility, new types of movement are incorporated into the stream of behavior according to rather strict rules of order. Once a new type of movement has been performed, the infant reverts to it repeatedly. As a result, the earlier portion of the behavior appears stereotyped, giving the impression of an automatism. Later, as new types of movement are added to the infant's repertoire, the movement becomes increasingly rich and unpredictable, giving the impression of "free" behavior. The same rules of order operate within "warm-up" sequences of movement, and across such sequences, day by day. Concurrently, there is an increase in the amplitude of movements, resulting in a gradual expansion of the portion of the environment explored by the infant. The same rules of order seem to operate in the development of locomotion in more primitive vertebrates. In rats under the action of psychoactive drugs, the "warm-up" sequence is performed in reverse. PMID- 3234602 TI - Long-term effects of early mothering behavior on responsiveness to the environment in vervet monkeys. AB - The long-term effect of early mothering style on juvenile responsiveness to the external environment was studied in vervet monkeys living in two naturally composed, undisturbed social groups. Mothering behavior for 35 mother-infant dyads was analyzed by principal components analysis which revealed two independent dimensions: protectiveness and rejection. Protectiveness was characterized by high levels of approach, making contact, restraint, and inspection from mother to infant, and rejection was associated with high levels of rejection, breaking contact, and leaving. When observed as yearlings and 2 year-olds, juveniles who had had more protective early mothering showed less interest in the external environment, as measured by the percentage of time they spent looking outside the home enclosure. They also took longer to enter a completely novel environment compared to juveniles who had had less protective mothers. Maternal rejection was not significantly associated with looking out or with latency to enter the novel environment. These results were independent of the effects of age, sex, and dominance rank on behavior. PMID- 3234603 TI - The spinal cord in motor disorders. PMID- 3234604 TI - Refractive error, IQ and reading ability: a longitudinal study from age seven to 11. AB - Children from a population sample whose cycloplegic refractive errors included myopia, pre-myopia and hypermetropia were compared on measures of IQ and reading with a group of children without significance refractive errors. At age 11 both those with myopia and with pre-myopia had increased verbal and performance IQ, while those with hypermetropia had slightly reduced verbal and performance IQ, in comparison with the children without refractive errors. The differences in verbal IQ were not attributable simply to earlier differences, but the differences in performance IQ were attributable to earlier differences. No significant differences in reading scores were found at either age. It is concluded that differing abilities of myopic and other children at age 11 are not fully explained by differences in family background or in pre-existing ability. PMID- 3234605 TI - Limb and oral praxic abilities of children with verbal sequencing deficits. AB - This study was concerned with children with impaired articulation, with a specific deficit in verbal sequences of consonant-vowel syllables; i.e. verbal sequenced motion rate (SMR). Speech-disordered children with and without this SMR disorder were compared with a group of control children on their performance of single limb and oral gestures and sequences of limb and oral gestures. Performances of an action requiring four different responses and of one requiring the same repeated response were also examined. The children with verbal SMR disorder had greater difficulty in performing both single and sequences of limb and oral gestures compared with the other two groups, as they also had in the task requiring four different responses. There were no differences between the groups in the task requiring the same repeated response. These findings suggest that children with verbal SMR disorder may have a generalized motor disorder which affects performance of both single gestures and sequences of gestures. PMID- 3234606 TI - Overflow movements and cognitive, motor and behavioural disturbance: a normative study of girls. AB - This study established norms for overflow movements of girls on the Modified Fog Test (MFT) of neurological function and investigated the relationship between high levels of overflow and behavioural and cognitive measures. 193 girls aged seven to 10 years, from suburban and inner-city areas, were examined for overflow, co-ordination and handedness, and completed cognitive and reading tests. Teachers' assessments of performance and behaviour at school were obtained and the parents of 147 girls were interviewed about developmental history, psychosocial situation and current behaviour. As predicted, there was a highly significant reduction in the amount of overflow with increasing age. Left-handed girls showed more overflow on the right side, in contrast to right- and mixed handed girls. Girls in a combined group of 'poor performers' on the MFT were significantly more likely to show behaviour problems at school, and to be judged poor scholastically. They had significantly lower reading scores, were judged poor at handwriting and school sport, and scored lower on the Gubbay clap and catch task. PMID- 3234607 TI - Biofeedback training for patients with myelomeningocele and fecal incontinence. AB - This study evaluated the efficacy of biofeedback training for fecal in continence in patients with myelomeningocele. 12 patients were randomized to receive conventional treatment alone, or in conjunction with biofeedback. Anorectal manometric functions were evaluated before and after treatment, six and 12 months later. 16 control children were also studied. Three of eight patients in the biofeedback group and three of the four given conventional treatment alone reported greater than or equal to 75 per cent improvement in frequency of soiling 12 months later. Biofeedback training did not improve anal squeeze, rectal sensation or continence of rectal infused saline. The number of patients who improved in both treatment groups was not different. PMID- 3234608 TI - Development of the EEG between 30 and 40 weeks gestation in normal and alcohol exposed infants. AB - A total of 441 newborn infants with gestational ages between 30 and 40 weeks had EEG studies between 36 and 48 hours after birth. Their mothers had either abstained from alcohol during pregnancy or had ingested alcohol in one of four categories: occasional, moderate, binge or frankly alcoholic. The power of the EEG, using linear regression analysis, was significantly higher among infants of mothers in the occasional, binge and alcoholic categories than among infants of abstainers. Developmental changes in the EEGs of binge-drinking mothers were even more striking than in those of the offspring of the alcoholic mothers. These results indicate that fetal exposure to alcohol interferes with normal maturation of the brain as early as 30 weeks gestation. Furthermore, exposure to frequent high quantities of alcohol may be even more harmful to the fetal brain than continuous chronic exposure. PMID- 3234609 TI - Menkes kinky hair disease with 'ragged red' fibers. AB - A 30-month-old infant with Menkes kinky-hair disease died, with prominent vascular, cerebral and cerebellar degeneration. Increased numbers of mitochondria containing homogeneous dense bodies were seen on electron-microscopic examination of Purkinje cells. Subsarcolemmal aggregates of mitochondria ('ragged red' fibers) were present in skeletal muscle. These mitochondrial alterations support the hypothesis that copper deficiency results in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. PMID- 3234610 TI - Serial neuropsychological follow-up of a child following craniospinal irradiation. AB - Serial neuropsychological examinations were made of an eight-year-old girl following diagnosis and treatment of a pineocytoma. The tumor was resected and she received intensive radiation therapy to the entire neuraxis, with a boost to the pineal region. A battery of neuropsychological tests was administered every six to eight weeks, beginning before and continuing for 48 weeks after radiation therapy. Parental questionnaires on the patient's everyday behavior were obtained, as well as past and present school records. MRI studies were performed seven weeks, nine months and 14 months after treatment had ended. The only functional area showing deterioration over the follow-up period was memory, both verbal and spatial. The MRIs showed no abnormalities related either to the tumor or to the radiation therapy. PMID- 3234611 TI - Fetal movements. PMID- 3234612 TI - Intractable epilepsy. PMID- 3234613 TI - Repair of mucosal damage induced by ethanol in the rat stomach. Effects of concentration, exposure period and prostaglandins. AB - We investigated the relationship between the severity of acute injury and the rapidity of mucosal repair in stomachs of anesthetized rats, and examined the influence of prostaglandins (PGs) on the process of restoration. Different degrees of mucosal damage were produced using ethanol and by varying the concentration (5-100%) and the exposure period (1-60 min). Exposure of the stomach for 10 min to ethanol induced hemorrhagic lesions and a reduction in the transmucosal potential difference (PD); its severity and its magnitude were increased in a concentration-related manner. After removal of ethanol, the reduced PD recovered quickly in the case of 5-25% ethanol, but it normalized slowly or did not show any recovery in the case of 50 or 100% ethanol, respectively. Histologically, ethanol at 5-25% produced various degrees of damage in the superficial epithelial cells, while the damage was deeper into the mucosa beyond the basal lamina after exposure to ethanol at 50% or greater. Similar phenomena were observed after exposure to 50% ethanol for various periods; the rapidity of PD recovery and mucosal restoration was faster when the exposure period was less than 2 min, and these parameters became slower as it was increased. Moreover, the PD recovery was significantly expedited or delayed, respectively, by 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (30 micrograms/kg) or indomethacin (5 mg/kg), and the former counteracted the inhibitory effect of indomethacin. These results suggest that the process of mucosal regeneration may largely depend on the severity of damage initially formed, and probably involves factors sensitive to endogenous PGs. PMID- 3234614 TI - Double-blind study comparing cimetidine and two doses of a slow release formulation of trimoprostil in duodenal ulcer patients with a 6-month follow-up. AB - 120 adult outpatients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer were randomly allocated to three groups of 40, treated in a double-blind manner with cimetidine 400 mg twice daily, trimoprostil 3 mg twice daily and trimoprostil 3 mg at bedtime. Trimoprostil was administered as a slow release formulation. Healing rates after 4 weeks were 78, 74 and 58%, respectively, the difference being not significant (p = 0.12). Similarly there was no significant difference regarding subjective symptoms, side effects and biochemical analysis. Healed patients were followed at bimonthly intervals for 6 months. The relapse rates were 71, 59 and 61% for patients initially treated with cimetidine, trimoprostil 6 or 3 mg, respectively, a difference not statistically significant. PMID- 3234615 TI - Effect of FUT-175 (nafamstat mesilate) on platelets in canine acute experimental pancreatitis. AB - In 1981, a new low-molecular-weight protease inhibitor, FUT-175 (nafamstat mesilate), was synthesized. Its preventive action against acute experimental pancreatitis (AEP) was detected. We studied the effect of FUT-175 on the blood count and aggregability of platelets in AEP in dogs. At 30 min after induction of AEP, the sensitivity to ADP increased more than two times in untreated animals. An evident decrease in platelet count of about 37% was noted in these dogs at 6 h after AEP induction. Treatment of AEP with FUT-175 prevented these changes. We assume that the positive effect of FUT-175 against AEP depends at least in part on its influence on platelet aggregation. PMID- 3234616 TI - Comparison of the gastric antisecretory and antiulcer potencies of telenzepine, pirenzepine, ranitidine and cimetidine in the rat. AB - In different rat models, the antisecretory and antiulcer effects of the M1 antimuscarinics telenzepine and pirenzepine, the nonselective antimuscarinic atropine, and the H2-blockers ranitidine and cimetidine were compared to each other. Intravenous telenzepine proved to be more potent in inhibiting gastric acid secretion in the Ghosh-Schild rat (carbachol-stimulated), the chronic fistula rat (basal secretion), or, both intravenously and orally, in the modified Shay rat, as compared to pirenzepine, cimetidine or ranitidine. After intravenous administration, only atropine was equally potent to telenzepine in all three models, but it was less potent than telenzepine after oral administration in the modified Shay rat. Gastric mucosal lesions induced by pylorus ligation plus acetylsalicyclic acid or acetylsalicyclic acid plus HCl were best inhibited by telenzepine and atropine, with pirenzepine, ranitidine and cimetidine being less potent, their relative potencies depending on the particular experimental model used. Thus, among the antiulcer drugs tested, telenzepine was the most potent one with respect to both antisecretory and antiulcer activity. Moreover, the duration of the antiulcer effect of telenzepine proved to be significantly longer than that of pirenzepine in the modified Shay rat. PMID- 3234617 TI - Induction of anacidity restores gastric aminopyrine clearance in canine hemorrhagic shock. AB - The determinants of gastric aminopyrine clearance were studied in a canine hemorrhagic shock model. Adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and their stomachs perfused with 0.1 N HCl through an esophageal and a duodenal cannula. Blood flow to the serosal layer of the anterior gastric wall was measured by a laser flowmeter. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by controlled arterial bleeding to a mean systolic blood pressure of 40 +/- 5 mm Hg (n = 8), resulting in a 36 +/- 8% drop of gastric wall blood flow. In contrast, the aminopyrine clearance did not reveal the expected drop and remained unchanged during shock. When acid secretion was abolished by intravenous omeprazole (1.3 mg/kg bolus plus 0.75 mg/kg/h infusion), aminopyrine concentrations dropped in the gastric perfusate and rose in the serum during shock, resulting in a similar decrease in the clearance (53 +/- 25%) as compared to the flowmeter readings. In control experiments without hemorrhagic shock, omeprazole did not affect the concentrations of aminopyrine in serum and in the perfusate, or the recovery of 14C-labeled aminopyrine in the mucosa at the end of the experiment. These studies indicate that the aminopyrine clearance is impaired in hemorrhagic shock, and that complete inhibition of acid secretion by omeprazole restores the apparent aminopyrine clearance by divergent effects on blood and gastric juice concentrations of aminopyrine. PMID- 3234618 TI - Expression of Pre-S-encoded proteins in sera of individuals chronically infected with hepatitis D virus. AB - The sera of 16 individuals chronically infected with the hepatitis D virus were analyzed for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers. The majority of these patients had a non-replicative form of viral type B hepatitis as indicated by negative tests for HBeAg and HBV-DNA. Pre-S-encoded proteins were detected in 13/16 sera. Sera that were negative for polymerized serum albumin did also not contain pre-S1 encoded proteins. The presence of pre-S-encoded proteins is probably predominantly associated with 22-nm HBsAg forms present in large amounts in sera of individuals with chronic type D hepatitis. PMID- 3234619 TI - Effect of vaso-active intestinal polypeptide on systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics: role in vasodilation following mesenteric ischaemia. AB - Vaso-active intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the related peptide, peptide histidine isoleucine, were infused intravenously in anaesthetized sheep. The VIP doses were designed to reproduce plasma concentrations seen after mesenteric ischaemia. The vasodilator action of VIP varied between different segments of the circulation and these differences in sensitivity were observed for both the degree and duration of the vaso-active action. A sustained vasodilation was detected in the coeliac artery and portal vein vascular beds during a 30-min VIP infusion. VIP is likely to be a contributory factor involved in the development of circulatory collapse during reperfusion after experimental mesenteric ischaemia. PMID- 3234620 TI - The gastric acid secretagogue gastrin-releasing peptide and the inhibitor oxyntomodulin do not exert their effect directly on the parietal cell in the rat. AB - Previous studies suggested that gastrin-releasing peptide (a neuropeptide found in rat oxyntic mucosa) and oxyntomodulin (a glucagon-containing peptide of mammalian gut) could directly affect the acid secretion of the parietal cells. We therefore studied their effect on gastric acid production in vitro by measuring [14C]-aminopyrine accumulation, a reliable index of H+ generation, in isolated rat parietal cells. However, neither gastrin-releasing peptide nor oxyntomodulin influenced basal acid secretion or histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Electron-microscopic studies of unstimulated and histamine-stimulated parietal cells confirmed that the cells retained the normal morphology of intracellular organelles and that the cells responded to physiological stimulation by marked expansion of the intracellular canaliculi. PMID- 3234621 TI - Cholesterol synthesis in the small intestine of patients with malabsorption syndrome. AB - Cholesterol synthesis was studied in intestinal biopsies obtained from children with different forms of malabsorption syndrome. It was demonstrated that intestinal cholesterol synthesis is enhanced in celiac disease and several other forms of malabsorption syndrome. Mevinolin inhibited intestinal cholesterol synthesis in all groups of patients. No correlation was found between cholesterol synthesis and age and sex of the patients, clinical manifestation of the disease and plasma cholesterol level. PMID- 3234622 TI - Influence of hydrocortisone on the development of the gastric mucosa in suckling rats. Inhibitory effect on gastrin cell population. AB - The effect of a 6-day hydrocortisone administration on the development of gastric mucosa was investigated in suckling rats. Three doses of hydrocortisone (40, 20 and 5 mg/kg/day) were given during the 2nd week of life. Gastric morphometric parameters, and exocrine parietal cell and endocrine gastrin cell numbers were examined and gastrin content in antral tissue was determined. At the end of hydrocortisone treatment, parietal and chief cells were well differentiated. Their larger size was marked in comparison with controls, which likely explains in itself the significant increase in gastric mucosal height. Only the highest dose significantly increased antral gastrin content over control values. However, hydrocortisone, whatever the dose, reduced the apparent antral gastrin cell population by about 60% (p less than 0.001), without noticeably modifying the numerical density of parietal cells per unit of fundic surface. It is nevertheless likely that the highest dose diminished total parietal cell number since the gastric surface decreased. These results suggest that glucocorticoids affect the development of the gastrin cell population while greatly accelerating the maturation of these cells during the suckling period. PMID- 3234623 TI - Distal small bowel resection increases mucosal permeability in the large intestine. AB - Intestinal 14C-erythritol clearance, as a measure of mucosal permeability, was evaluated in rats 4 weeks after distal small bowel resection. In the cecum and colon of resected animals, erythritol clearance was increased both per organ and per unit tissue mass, regardless of the extent of the resection. In the remnant jejunum, however, a small but significant increase in erythritol clearance was only observed after 80% distal small bowel resection, no matter which reference was chosen. This is the first demonstration that intestinal resection increases the mucosal permeability of the remnant small and large intestine. PMID- 3234624 TI - Acetaminophen directly protects human gastric epithelial cell monolayers against damage induced by sodium taurocholate. AB - The present study evaluated whether acetaminophen can reduce sodium-taurocholate induced damage to human gastric epithelial cells grown in monolayer culture (a preparation which excludes systemic factors). Further, the role of endogenous prostaglandin production by gastric cells in any such protection has been assessed. Results showed that (1) acetaminophen significantly protects human gastric epithelial cells against taurocholate-induced damage in vitro, in conditions independent of systemic factors, (2) protection of gastric cells by acetaminophen in vitro appears unrelated to stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis, and (3) a direct protective effect on gastric epithelial cells may play a role in protection of gastric mucosa by acetaminophen in vivo. PMID- 3234625 TI - Effect of calcitonin on gastric emptying. AB - The effect on gastric emptying of synthetic salmon calcitonin administered intravenously (415 pmol bolus injection followed by infusion to reach an overall dose of 62.25 pmol.kg-1 body mass) versus placebo was examined in 13 healthy men. Gastric emptying of a radiolabeled solid meal was assessed with a gamma camera. The gastric emptying course was analyzed with the use of the power-exponential fitting. A marked delay in gastric emptying was observed in all subjects studied: the median gastric half emptying time was 60.3 min after placebo and 196.5 min after calcitonin (p less than 0.001). At the same time, analysis of the parameter S revealed that calcitonin did not elicit any consistent change in the shape of gastric emptying curves. PMID- 3234626 TI - Tumor-promoter-enhanced destruction of noninvasive human benign colon tumor cells by cocultivated carcinoma cells. AB - Colon carcinoma cells are first found as microscopic foci within benign tumors or adenomas. The carcinoma must invade the adenoma which protrudes into the colon lumen before it can infiltrate the bowel wall. A quantitative model for this process has been developed in tissue culture in which human colon carcinoma cells destroy cocultivated adenoma colonies. 43 adenoma colonies were assayed by cocultivation with carcinoma cells. Constitutive secretion of the urokinase form of plasminogen activator by carcinoma cells apparently plays some role in adenoma destruction as inhibition of this protease by the competitive inhibitor benzamidine reversibly inhibited adenoma destruction (p less than 0.01). Elevation of plasminogen activator secretion by addition of the tumor promoter 12 tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate significantly enhanced the destruction of colonies cultured from tubular adenomas with only mild dysplasia (p less than 0.025) and from villous, villotubular and tubular adenomas with moderate to severe dysplasia (p less than 0.0005). PMID- 3234627 TI - Influence of stress on epithelial cell proliferation in the gut mucosa of rats. AB - Wistar rats were stressed by immobilization in a cold environment during either 2 or 12 h. The animals were killed 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of 3H thymidine and autoradiography was used. The proliferative parameters were estimated in the mucosa of the stomach after the 2-hour stress period. After the 12-hour stress period, labeling and mitotic indices were measured in the gastric mucosa as well as in the antrum, duodenum, ileum, colon and epidermis. The stress period of 2 h did not induce significant changes of the proliferative parameters in the mucosa of the stomach whereas cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in all examined tissues, including the skin, after the 12-hour stress period. Gastric hemorrhagic lesions were observed only in the oxyntic part of the stomach and occurred as early as 2 h after stress despite there was no change in the proliferative parameters at this time. The lesions became more obvious after the 12-hour stress period. Our observations indicate that inhibition of cell renewal by stress is not the mechanism by which stress erosions develop in the digestive mucosa. PMID- 3234628 TI - Large bowel cancer risk in cholelithiasis and after cholecystectomy. Postmortem study. AB - To assess the large bowel cancer risk in cholelithiasis (CL) and after cholecystectomy (CE), the results of 11,828 autopsies were analyzed. 1,705 cases with CL and 380 with CE could be identified. Randomly selected cases matched for sex and age were used as controls. In CL and CE 61 cancers were observed compared with 53 in controls, the relative risk (RR) being 1.2. The risk ratio for the subgroups (CL, CE) was also 1.2. In contrast to women, there was a positive association (RR 1.7) between cancer and CL in men, in whom no risk increase was found after CE. In cases with CL and CE an elevated risk of developing proximal large bowel cancer was observed for both sexes (RR 1.7 in males and 1.4 in females). As regards distal cancer, no such relationship was observed in women (RR 0.83) whereas an increased risk was found in men (RR 2.3). The results of this study are in favor of a positive association between CL and CE and the risk of developing large bowel cancer. PMID- 3234629 TI - Value of indium-111 granulocyte scintigraphy in the assessment of Crohn's disease of the small intestine: prospective investigation. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine the value of indium-111 granulocyte scintigraphy in Crohn's disease of the small bowel by comparing the results with those of radiology, endoscopy and surgery. Twenty-one patients with Crohn's disease of the small bowel, 9 patients with Crohn's disease of the colon, 1 patient with both localizations and 8 with ulcerative colitis were studied by indium-111 granulocyte scanning. Eighteen patients had evidence of active small intestinal disease based on clinical, radiologic, and/or endoscopic, and/or histopathological features. Thirteen of them had a true positive scan (sensitivity 72%), but accurate assessment of localization and extent of disease was often difficult. Five patients had a false negative scan and 4 a true negative. No false positive scans were found. The diagnostic accuracy was 77%. In contrast, from 18 patients with colonic disease, 16 had a true positive scan corresponding in localization and extent with standard investigations, 1 patient had a false negative scan (sensitivity 94%), and 1 a true negative (diagnostic accuracy 95%). This study also showed that 3-5 h scanning after injection of indium-111-labeled granulocytes is the optimal timing for this test. The patient's acceptability of this procedure was definitely superior to radiology and endoscopy. In conclusion, this technique has a definite place in evaluating localization and extent of active colonic disease, but it does not replace good small bowel radiology and should not be recommended in the routine diagnostic workup of Crohn's disease of the small intestine. PMID- 3234630 TI - Abnormal pattern of gastric emptying of liquid in chronic duodenal ulcer. AB - Gastric emptying was measured in 12 patients with chronic duodenal ulceration and compared with the results from 10 healthy volunteers. The test meal of 300 ml 15% dextrose, labelled with 99mTc-DTPA, was ingested in increments over 6 min. Gamma camera imaging proceeded over 30 min, with a 1-min frame time. A direct correction was applied for the fraction emptying into the small bowel during the ingestion period. Gastric emptying at 6 min was significantly greater in the group with duodenal ulcer (14.4 +/- 2.7% vs. 4.2 +/- 0.9%: mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.01). From this time onwards there were no significant differences in the rates of gastric emptying. These results suggest that chronic duodenal ulcer is associated with an abnormal pattern of gastric emptying of liquid, characterised by an initial rapid phase. PMID- 3234631 TI - Choice of therapy for achalasia in relation to age. AB - Over an 11-year period 132 patients with achalasia underwent a total of 253 pneumatic bag dilatations of the cardia as the initial treatment. Adequate symptomatic relief was obtained in the majority, but 16 needed cardiomyotomy after pneumatic dilatation had failed to give lasting symptomatic relief. Older patients, aged 60 years or more, showed longer-lasting improvement with pneumatic dilatation than did younger ones and only 1 patient over 50 required cardiomyotomy. Benefit from pneumatic dilatation showed a closer relationship to age than to oesophageal diameter. Of 50 patients followed for more than 5 years, 48% required no further treatment, 40% needed at least one further dilatation to achieve symptomatic relief and 12% came to cardiomyotomy. This study suggests that pneumatic dilatation is safe, effective and particularly useful in the management of the elderly achalasic patient. PMID- 3234632 TI - Impairment of diastolic function in middle-aged type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients free of cardiovascular disease. AB - Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function was studied using systolic time intervals and echocardiography in 19 male and 17 female patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, 24 male and 15 female patients with Type 2 (non insulin-dependent) diabetes and 24 male and 24 female control subjects. The subjects for the present study were selected from a population based study in which 117 Type 1 and 510 Type 2 diabetic patients and 649 non-diabetic subjects were originally examined. After exclusions, none of the subjects had any evidence of coronary heart disease, hypertension or other diseases known to affect left ventricular function. There were no consistent differences in systolic time intervals or echocardiographic variables of systolic function between patients with Type 1 diabetes and non-diabetic control subjects; but patients with Type 2 diabetes showed an increased fractional shortening. Female patients with Type 2 diabetes showed an increased left ventricular mass not explicable by hypertension. Isovolumic relaxation period was longer in male (86 +/- 3 ms; mean +/- SEM) and female patients (84 +/- 6 ms) with Type 2 diabetes than in male (76 +/- 3 ms; p less than 0.05) and female (71 +/- 3 ms; p less than 0.05) control subjects. Peak diastolic filling rate was lower in female patients with Type 1 diabetes (12.8 +/- 0.8 cm/s, p less than 0.05) and in male (11.5 +/- 0.8 cm/s; p less than 0.01) and female patients (11.5 +/- 0.6 cm/s; p less than 0.001) with Type 2 diabetes as compared to male (14.4 +/- 0.7 cm/s) and female (14.9 +/- 0.5 cm/s) control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234633 TI - Linkage analysis of the human insulin receptor gene in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetic families and a family with maturity onset diabetes of the young. AB - The possibility of linkage between the human insulin receptor gene locus and diabetes was examined in three Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic families and one family with maturity onset diabetes of the young. Insulin receptor gene haplotypes were established using BglII, Rsal and Sstl restriction enzyme digests of genomic DNA from all available family members. The digested DNA was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, Southern blotted, and hybridised to 32P-labelled human insulin receptor gene cDNA. In the pedigree with maturity onset diabetes of the young, formal linkage analysis allowed exclusion of close linkage between the insulin receptor locus and diabetes (logarithm of the odds for linkage versus non linkage was -5.35 at recombination fraction of 0.01). This confirms the absence of linkage between insulin receptor and diabetes which has been reported in two similar pedigrees. In the three Type 2 diabetic families there were a minimum of 4 recombinants between the insulin receptor locus and diabetes, which makes a direct role for insulin receptor defects unlikely. The importance of using realistic estimates of penetrance when performing linkage analysis in a disease with a late age of onset is emphasised. In contrast to the one previous linkage analysis study of the insulin receptor gene, no specific association of diabetes with the rare Sst1 S1(-) allele was observed in either the maturity onset diabetes of the young or the Type 2 diabetic families. PMID- 3234634 TI - Risk factors for type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Thirteen and one-half years of follow-up of the participants in a study of Swedish men born in 1913. AB - This report presents data on antecedents of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in a homogeneous sample of randomly selected 54-year-old men from an urban Swedish population with a diabetes incidence of 6.1% during 13.5 years of follow-up. The increased risk leading to diabetes for those in the top quintile compared to the lowest quintile of the distribution of statistically significant risk factors were: body mass index = 21.7, triglycerides = 13.5, waist-to-hip circumference ratio = 9.6, diastolic blood pressure = 6.7, uric acid = 5.8, glutamic pyruvic transaminase = 3.9, bilirubin = 3.2, blood glucose = 2.7, lactate = 2.4 and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase = 2.0. Those with a positive family history of diabetes had 2.4-fold higher risk for developing diabetes than those without such a history. In a multivariate analysis glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood glucose, body mass index, bilirubin, systolic blood pressure, uric acid and a family history of diabetes were all significantly associated with the development of diabetes. Our study demonstrates the great importance of adiposity and body fat distribution for the risk of diabetes. A number of established risk factors for coronary heart disease are risk factors for diabetes as well. Disturbed liver function and increased levels of lactate are early risk factors for diabetes - presumably indicators of the presence of impaired glucose tolerance and/or hyperinsulinaemia. PMID- 3234635 TI - Effects of acetazolamide on kidney function in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. AB - We investigated the effects of 3 days treatment with acetazolamide 250 mg three times daily on kidney function in 8 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with nephropathy, and in 7 healthy subjects in a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study. Glomerular filtration rate and extracellular fluid volume were measured with the single injection 51Cr-EDTA technique and fluid flow rate from the proximal tubules was determined by measurement of the renal lithium clearance. A 24% decline in glomerular filtration rate was observed in both groups during acetazolamide treatment (control subjects: 108 +/- 11 vs 82 +/- 9 ml/min, p less than 0.02, diabetic patients: 71 +/- 19 vs 54 +/- 14 ml/min, p less than 0.01). The renal lithium clearance (ml/min) remained about the same (control subjects: 22 +/- 6 vs 27 +/- 8, NS, diabetic patients: 14 +/- 5 vs 15 +/ 4, NS). Absolute proximal tubular reabsorption of water (ml/min) was reduced by about one-third (control subjects: 85 +/- 11 vs 56 +/- 7, p less than 0.02, diabetic patients: 55 +/- 17 vs 37 +/- 6, p less than 0.02), and fractional proximal reabsorption of water and sodium (%) declined (control subjects: 79 +/- 5 vs 67 +/- 8, p less than 0.02, diabetic patients: 79 +/- 5 vs 72 +/- 6, p less than 0.02). Renal sodium clearance and distal fractional reabsorption of sodium was unchanged. Extracellular fluid volume declined by 10% in both groups (p less than 0.02). Albuminuria and fractional albumin clearance decreased significantly in the nephropathic patients (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234636 TI - Leucocyte sodium efflux and electrolyte content in insulin treated diabetes. AB - Leucocyte sodium efflux and sodium content were studied in 41 insulin treated diabetic patients and compared to 41 age, body mass index and blood pressure matched nondiabetic control subjects. Fasting leucocyte 22Na ouabain-sensitive efflux rate constants were lower in diabetic patients (median [range] 2.30 [1.04 3.73] versus 2.45 [1.57-3.95] h-1, p less than 0.4) suggesting a reduced sodium pump activity. The 22Na ouabain-insensitive efflux rate constant which reflects passive sodium efflux was raised in insulin treated diabetes (0.92 [0.42-1.73] versus 0.79 [0.28-1.49] h-1, p less than 0.01). Leucocyte sodium content was raised in the diabetic patients (47.7 [26.9-93.4] versus 26.5 [15.9-67.7] mmol/kg, p less than 0.0001). Abnormal cellular sodium handling could lead to hypertension or other complications in diabetes. PMID- 3234637 TI - Polymerisation and crosslinking of fibrin monomers in diabetes mellitus. AB - Polymerisation and crosslinking of fibrin monomers was studied in 35 healthy volunteers and in 42 poorly controlled diabetic patients. Polymerisation did not show any difference between control subjects (n = 10) and diabetic patients (n = 11) (p greater than 0.1), although fibrinogen was 35% more glycated in the diabetic patients (p less than 0.001). Alpha chain crosslinking in the diabetic patients, however, was impaired as is shown from an increase in intermediate alpha polymers with a concomitant decrease in alpha monomer disappearance. A significant positive correlation was found between the degree of glycation of fibrinogen and the defective alpha chain polymerisation (r = 0.86, p less than 0.005). These results were consistent with the results of thrombin and reptilase experiments. The reaction rate with reptilase did not show any difference between the two groups (p greater than 0.1), whereas the reaction rate with thrombin was significantly slower in the diabetic group compared to the control subjects (p less than 0.001). Purified fibrin clots obtained from the diabetic patients were more susceptible to plasmin than clots obtained from control subjects. It is concluded that in poorly controlled diabetic patients polymerisation of fibrin monomers is normal, but crosslinking of the alpha chains is impaired, leading to a higher susceptibility of the clots to plasmin degradation. PMID- 3234638 TI - Urinary excretion of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol accompanying glucose excretion in diabetic patients. AB - The urinary excretion of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, a pyranoid polyol, in humans was studied. The plasma of nondiabetic human subjects contained high concentrations of this polyol (greater than 110 mumol/l), and there was a tendency for the 24-h excretion of it to become more variable in direct proportion to its plasma concentration. In contrast, diabetic patients showed lower plasma concentrations of this polyol, and the variation in the 24-h excretion of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol was especially notable among the patients with an extremely low plasma concentration of the polyol. This diabetic group showed a statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.01), between the urinary 1,5-anhydro-D glucitol and urinary glucose. This correlation was more markedly demonstrated during a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test: parallel changes were observed in the concentrations of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and glucose in the urine collected every hour after the glucose load. These observations led to the proposal that low plasma concentration of this polyol, which is observed in diabetes mellitus, may be the result of a frequent and/or prolonged high blood glucose concentration beyond the renal threshold for glucose excretion. PMID- 3234639 TI - Scintigraphic distribution of 123 I labelled proinsulin, split conversion intermediates and insulin in rats. AB - Insulin, biosynthetic human proinsulin and 2 human proinsulin conversion intermediates, des (64, 65) human proinsulin and des (31, 32) human proinsulin, were labelled with 123 I and the derivatives monosubstituted on Tyr A14 were purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The four tracers were injected into anaesthetized rats via a jugular or a portal vein and time activity curves were generated for the liver and kidneys using a gamma camera and an online computer. Liver extraction coefficients varied in the order insulin (38%), des (64, 65) human proinsulin (11.7%), des (31, 32) human proinsulin (3.2%), human proinsulin (1.6%); whereas half-life of hepatic activity varied in the reverse order, from 6 min for insulin, to 45 min for human proinsulin. As expected for a non-receptor mediated process, kidney extraction varied conversely to liver extraction, being highest for human proinsulin and lowest for insulin. It is concluded that the kinetics of human proinsulin conversion intermediates depends upon the site of cleavage and deletion and is intermediate between those of insulin and intact human proinsulin. PMID- 3234640 TI - Gangliosides in vivo reduce diabetes incidence in non-obese diabetic mice. AB - Non-obese diabetic mice were treated daily with a mixture of gangliosides from day 30 until day 250 of life or until the mice became diabetic. Ganglioside treatment reduced diabetes incidence from 80-90% to 47% and from 20-30% to zero in female and male mice respectively. Gangliosides did not affect the frequency of perivasculitis. It is concluded that gangliosides can reduce diabetes incidence in non-obese diabetic mice. PMID- 3234641 TI - Direct measurement of capillary blood flow in the diabetic neuropathic foot. AB - The two major components of the microcirculation in the diabetic neuropathic foot have been examined in detail. Nutritive capillary blood flow was measured directly using the non-invasive technique of television microscopy, applied to the toe nailfold. Arteriovenous shunt flow was assessed using the technique of laser Doppler flowmetry, applied to the toe pulp. Fourteen diabetic patients with peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, 11 with no clinical evidence of neuropathy and 14 normal subjects were studied. Laser Doppler flowmetry (predominantly arteriovenous shunt flow) was increased more than three-fold (p less than 0.01) in the diabetic patients with neuropathy compared to control subjects, (median 3.57, interquartile range 2.00-5.32 volts vs median 0.93, interquartile range 0.47-2.36 volts, respectively). There was no evidence of skin capillary closure. The calculated capillary blood flow (erythrocyte flux) was significantly increased in the diabetic neuropathic patients compared to control subjects (median 76.4, interquartile range 34.4-109.8 picolitres/s vs median 23.2, range 8.0-44.8 picolitres/s, p less than 0.01). This study demonstrates that foot skin capillary blood flow is increased in diabetic patients with neuropathy. There is, therefore, no evidence to support the supposition that capillary ischaemia, either secondary to a "capillary steal phenomenon" or "advanced microangiopathy", is a feature of diabetic neuropathy under resting conditions. PMID- 3234642 TI - Insulin autoantibody polymorphisms with greater discrimination for diabetes in humans. AB - Insulin autoantibodies, like islet cell antibodies, are found not only in the sera of newly diagnosed Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and their relatives, but also in patients with other autoimmunities who do not develop diabetes. Insulin autoantibodies are oligo/monoclonal and frequently binding-site restricted. As determinant selection is genetically determined, we questioned whether certain polymorphisms of insulin autoantibodies, identified by their binding site on the insulin molecule, could better discriminate for Type 1 diabetes, which is also HLA determined. First, we raised monoclonal antibodies to human insulin by classic fusion methods in order to determine the range of antibody polymorphism, and identified five distinct types by their binding profiles to a panel of insulin variants, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two of these polymorphisms, type A and type B, were subsequently found in insulin autoantibody positive human sera using the same panel of insulin variants, and successfully distinguished diabetes-related from diabetes-unrelated individuals. Thus, the type B polymorphism was responsible for binding in 60% of 41 insulin autoantibody positive individuals with polyautoimmune disease but no personal or family history of diabetes (diabetes unrelated), but in only 2% of a group which comprised 17 newly-diagnosed insulin autoantibody positive Type 1 diabetic patients, 19 insulin autoantibody positive discordant twins of Type 1 diabetes and six insulin autoantibody positive healthy siblings of Type 1 diabetic patients (diabetes related) (p less than 0.01). Isolation of the type A polymorphism alone reduced the proportion of false negatives in the insulin autoantibody test for diabetes relatedness from 49% to 20% without diminishing its specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234643 TI - Advantages and pitfalls of radioimmune and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays of insulin antibodies. AB - Human sera were tested for insulin antibodies by fluid and solid phase assays. Radioimmune titres determined with 125-I Tyr A14 insulin were not correlated with those obtained using insulin coated microplates and enzyme linked immunodetection (n = 60). Several reasons for this lack of correlation were found. Iodine substitution on the A14 residue of insulin may significantly alter the avidity of some insulin antibodies for their ligand; hence, disclosing a heretofore unsuspected pitfall for antibody determination by radioimmunoassay. Specificity for bovine insulin was easily demonstrable in fluid phase by comparing the binding of monoiodinated bovine, porcine and human insulin. By contrast, in solid phase assay, titres obtained with microplates coated with bovine or human insulin were almost equal, regardless of the serum specificity for bovine insulin. This lack of specificity of the solid phase assay is not due to denaturation or unavailability of the bovine specific epitope because: bovine specificity could be demonstrated by competitive assay, after preincubation of the serum with insulin of the different species; and, coating with crosslinked insulin dimers or oligomers instead of monomers did not unmask bovine specificity. It is concluded that radioimmune methods are best suited to study specificity but may be biased by the presence of the radioiodine label whereas solid phase assay detects low avidity antibodies with great efficiency but is less appropriate to study specificity. PMID- 3234644 TI - Improved metabolic control does not alter the charge-dependent glomerular filtration of albumin in uncomplicated type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. AB - The selectivity index, i.e. clearance of non glycated albumin/clearance of glycated albumin was studied in fourteen patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and normal urinary albumin excretion. The index was increased above one in all patients, and correlated significantly to HbA1c. It was, however, unaffected by 12 weeks of improved metabolic control with a mean decline in HbA1c of 1.9% in seven patients. We conclude that the increased electronegative charge of the glomerular filtration barrier observed in uncomplicated diabetes is related to long term metabolic control but not reversible during twelve weeks of strict metabolic control. This indicates a slow turnover of the components responsible for the increased charge selectivity in uncomplicated diabetes. PMID- 3234645 TI - The resurgence of the biomedical model. PMID- 3234646 TI - An advanced research seminar series for family medicine faculty members. AB - Due to the need to improve research skills and levels of research productivity among family physician faculty, the authors conducted a needs analysis, then designed, implemented, and evaluated a ten-week course entitled "An Advanced Research Seminar." The course goals were to enable faculty to draft a research proposal and outline a paper describing their study. Although the eight participants highly approved of course goals and level of difficulty, and showed significant cognitive gains in a self-report retrospective pre/post evaluation, few were able to achieve course goals. This paper discusses the discrepancy between self-reported ability and actual accomplishment, and the circumstances which can lead to inflated self-assessments. The importance of performance measures is discussed. PMID- 3234647 TI - Differences and similarities between patient and physician perceptions of patient pain. AB - A reasonably accurate perception of pain severity by physicians can be a useful tool in effectively managing acute pain. This study measured the similarities and differences between patient and physician ratings of patient pain through the use of a linear analogue scale of pain severity. A total of 401 patients presenting with acute pain of up to seven days' duration were studied. Data were gathered from patients presenting to the seven family practice clinics associated with the Department of Family Practice and Community Health at the University of Minnesota. Whereas the physician mean rating of patient pain was found to be significantly lower than the patient mean rating (3.52 vs. 4.37, P = 0.001), raw ratings by physicians and patients were found to have a relatively strong and significant correlation (R = 0.66, P = 0.001). The difference in mean ratings between patients and physicians remained the same regardless of physician or patient gender, patient age, whether or not a diagnosis was made, organ system category in which the pain was located, or training level of physician. The physician mean ratings were always significantly lower than the patient mean ratings, and there was no significant difference in the mean differences in ratings among the subgroups compared. PMID- 3234648 TI - Evaluating student experiences in a family medicine clerkship. AB - One hundred students on an eight-week family practice clerkship completed pre- and post-evaluations noting their experience and confidence in diagnosing and treating 20 common medical problems and doing 15 common tasks. Students' confidence increased significantly during the clerkship in dealing with 18 of 20 common problems and 13 of 15 common tasks. Confidence ratings were highly correlated with experiences on the clerkship. Even though clerkship experiences varied at different sites, students reported similar increases in confidence at all sites. A self-administered questionnaire is a simple and effective way of documenting student experience, comparing clerkship sites, and measuring achievement of course objectives. PMID- 3234649 TI - Physician-related influences on use of health resources by primary care physicians. AB - With the increasing supply of physicians, speculation has focused on possible actions physicians might take to increase use of services (e.g., office visits, laboratory use, prescriptions, or referrals), thus adding to spiraling health care costs. A survey of primary care physicians--pediatricians, internists, and family physicians--was conducted to assess physician-related factors associated with health resource use. The most consistent factors found to explain the variance among physicians in use of these health resources were the number of years in practice, whether they graduated from a foreign medical school, government employment, self-assessed practice style, whether they were family physicians, and sex. There was no evidence that physician income, desire for income, or pace of practice had any effect on the amount of services physicians used in the "care" of the patients in the hypothetical cases. These findings suggest that if physicians induce demand for services in primary care, it is a minor factor in the increase of health care costs. PMID- 3234650 TI - An educational program for training physicians in personnel recruitment. AB - Practice management curriculum must evolve to more thoroughly address the areas of personnel recruitment. A recent report by the Medical Group Management Association indicated that nearly half of a family practitioner's practice overhead goes for personnel. This paper presents a recruitment curriculum designed as a joint venture between a family practice residency program and a junior college medical assistant program. The outcome of this joint venture was unanimous agreement among the participants that the curriculum should be continued in both programs. PMID- 3234651 TI - Statistical analysis in family medicine research. AB - Analysis of the data is an important stage in any research project. Statistical analysis allows us to summarize data with easily understood concepts, such as rates, means, medians, or standard deviations. Statistical analysis also allows us to judge whether differences or associations identified in the sample are merely the result of the random error associated with sampling, and it often provides a measure of the strength of the associations identified. While appropriate statistical analysis is crucial to any research endeavor, the success or failure of the project is more dependent upon what has been done prior to beginning data analysis, not after. This article reviews concepts fundamental to any statistical analysis, the primary reasons to submit data to analysis, and selection of the appropriate statistical test. The discussion is brief of necessity, and readers are encouraged to consult standard statistical texts for more detailed information. PMID- 3234652 TI - Entry of U.S. medical school graduates into family practice residencies: 1987 1988. AB - This study continues a series of reports from the American Academy of Family Physicians on the percentage of each medical school's graduates who enter family practice residency programs. Approximately 12.0% of the 15,872 graduates of United States medical schools between July 1986 and June 1987 were first-year residents in family practice in December 1987. The West North Central region reports the highest percentage of medical school graduates who were first-year residents in family practice programs in December 1987; the New England and Middle Atlantic regions had the lowest percentages. Medical school graduates from publicly funded medical schools were twice as likely to be first-year residents in family practice in December 1987 as were graduates from privately funded medical schools. PMID- 3234653 TI - From soma to psyche: The crucial connection. (Perspectives on behavioral and cross cultural medicine addressed to first-year residents). Part 1. It ain't what you do--its the way how you do it: Style as substance. PMID- 3234654 TI - Preparing for unpredictable change in predoctoral medical education. PMID- 3234655 TI - Automated health surveillance. AB - A successful health maintenance program requires physicians interested in and knowledgeable about the appropriate health surveillance actions to pursue. But even well-informed physicians need help transforming good intentions into effective health surveillance. An automated health surveillance system was designed and implemented to simplify documentation of health maintenance and remind physicians when actions are overdue. The system has increased insight into the complex process of health promotion and promises to be an important clinical, educational, and research tool. PMID- 3234656 TI - [Termination of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia with QRS morphology of right bundle branch block and anterior fascicular hemiblock (fascicular tachycardia) by vagal maneuvers. Presentation of 4 cases]. AB - We present 4 patients aged 51, 19, 22 and 16 years respectively, with no overt heart disease. They complained of recurrent episodes of paroxysmal sustained tachycardia with QRS morphology of right bundle branch block and left fascicular hemiblock. The analysis of the electrocardiogram during the tachycardia and, in two cases, the electrophysiologic study showed a complete a-v dissociation and capture beats confirming the ventricular origin of the arrhythmia. In all the patients the interruption of the tachycardia was obtained by the vagal maneuvers; in two of them the tachycardia was also sensitive to verapamil iv. These cases demonstrate the efficacy of the vagal maneuvers in the termination of fascicular tachycardia and support the hypothesis of slow-response nodal-like fibers, distally displaced, as the anatomical substrate of this arrhythmia. PMID- 3234657 TI - [Short-term prognosis of pulmonary embolism]. AB - Seven hundred fifty four consecutive cases of pulmonary embolism, diagnosed between 1969 and 1982 at S. Chiara Hospital in Pisa, were examined in order to assess the causes and the rate of the early mortality. Full documentation was not obtained in 47 cases (6.2%) and they were excluded from the study; 81 (11.4%) of the remaining 707 died within 30 days of diagnosis, and in 56.8% of them pulmonary embolism was the primary cause of death. The survival rate was 90.6% in patients with apparently primary pulmonary embolism, 89.8% in post surgical cases, 81.5% in cardiac patients and 75% in patients affected by neoplasm. Twenty five per cent of patients were not treated during the acute phase, because the diagnosis was made more than one month after the onset of symptoms or because the fear of bleeding precluded anticoagulant treatment. The incidence of fatal haemorrhage during treatment was 0.5% overall, and 0.4% in surgical patients. Mortality was 9.2% in patients who received treatment, versus 25.2% in untreated patients. Sixteen fatal recurrent embolisms occurred after the end of treatment: 11 were observed in patients not treated with oral anticoagulants. Routine autoptic examinations, performed in 44.4% of the cases, often demonstrated both recent and organized emboli, especially in cardiac patients. Recurrence of pulmonary embolism may account for both the severity of clinical patterns and the high mortality rate in the early phase of treatment. PMID- 3234658 TI - [Role of two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of embolic cardiopathy in patients with transient cerebral ischemia attacks]. AB - Cardiac sources of emboli have been frequently described in patients with Transitory Ischemic Attacks (TIAs). The aim of our study was to assess the value of two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-E) in the investigation for possible cardiac aetiology of TIAs. As an offshoot of a larger epidemiologic study which aimed at determining the period prevalence of TIAs in 6.504 subject(s) of the general population aged between 40-65, fifty subjects with TIA (group A) and 66 controls (group B) were studied. A heart disease was found in 20/50 s. (40%) in group A (coronary artery disease: 5; hypertensive heart disease: 4; mitral valve prolapse: 5; left ventricular aneurysms: 2; aortic valve disease: 2; aortic valve prosthesis: 1; atrial fibrillation: 1) and in 5/66 s. (7.5%) in group B (p less than 0.01) (coronary disease: 2; hypertensive heart disease: 1; mitral valve prolapse: 2). A potential source of emboli was present in 11 s. in group A (22%) and in 2 s. in group B (3%) (p less than 0.01). In 4/50 s. in group A and in 1/66 in group B the diagnosis was obtained by means of 2D-E only, because other clinical signs and ECG data were negative. 2D-E could only confirm the diagnosis in the remaining cases, with no additional information (i.e., no intracavitary masses were seen). In conclusion there is a high prevalence of heart disease in patients with TIA over 40 years of age. A cardiac source of emboli may be suspected in a substantial number of cases. Nevertheless the value of routine 2D E in disclosing an otherwise undetected source of emboli is rather low. PMID- 3234659 TI - [Model of the normal left ventricle]. AB - The aim of the present study is to simulate left ventricular function using parametres directly measurable "in vivo". Taking the definition of contractility as sigma EDV/ESV (sigma = end systolic stress; EDV = end diastolic volume; ESV = end systolic volume), a slight modification of Suga's index, and an equation taken from Sunagawa, relating arterial pressure to resistance, compliance and stroke volume, a basic programme able to predict stroke volume and systolic pressure starting from EDV, left ventricular mass, contractility, peripheral resistance and compliance was developed. Various curves describing left ventricular function were simulated: Starling's curve, pump curve (mean left ventricular pressure against mean left ventricular flow), Ford's curve (mass to volume ratio against systemic pressure), and pressure-volume loops. A close affinity with literature data was always found. Left ventricular performances were predicted in 23 normal subjects, using the same input parameters. The correlation with real values was always linear, and particularly striking for cardiac index and source resistance. Thus this model seems to explain low frequency hemodynamic events adequately, and is therefore suitable of clinical use in order to clarify pathophysiological mechanisms. PMID- 3234660 TI - [Action of magnesium salts on the toxic effects of calcium overload in the isolated and perfused rat heart]. AB - The toxic effect of calcium overload and the action of magnesium sulfate (4 mM) and magnesium chloride (4 mM) on heart rate, coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, dp/dt max and voltage epicardial electrogram were studied in the isolated and perfused rat heart. Increasing calcium load by increasing [Ca]o from 1 to 6 mM we observed a progressive increase in heart rate coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, dp/dt max and a decrease in voltage epicardial electrogram. During the exposure to [Ca]o 8 mM the toxic manifestations of calcium overload developed and we observed a reduction in heart rate, coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, dp/dt max and an increase in voltage epicardial electrogram. Magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride had similar effect: in fact, in both procedures we observed a decrease in heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, dp/dt max, voltage epicardial electrogram and an increase in coronary flow rate at [Ca]o 2 mM. When magnesium salts were administered at the same time as the heart was exposed to [Ca]o 8 mM, we observed a reduction in the toxic effect of calcium overload. When magnesium salts were administered after the appearance of the calcium overload, they did not revert the toxic effect of calcium overload but prevented the insurgence of cardiac standstill. Thus, in the isolated perfused rat heart, the toxic manifestations of calcium overload develop at [Ca]o 8 mM and magnesium salts are able to reduce the toxic effects of calcium overload and the appearance of cardiac standstill according to their calcium-antagonism mechanism. PMID- 3234661 TI - Progression of hypertrophic into a dilated left ventricle in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - The authors describe the case of a girl who developed Friedreich's ataxia at, approximately, the age of 7, with evidence of cardiac involvement being detected by electrocardiography and echocardiography at a later date. Cardiac function was moderately impaired and remained unchanged for a number of years, during which a picture of hypertrophic left ventricle seemed to be firmly established. Later still, however, the cardiac situation shifted gradually toward a hypokinetic form of the disease, with a progressive thinning of the interventricular septum and posterior wall of the left ventricle, associated enlargement of the ventricular chambers and increasingly severe hypokinesia leading to repeated episodes of heart failure. PMID- 3234662 TI - Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. AB - In an oligosymptomatic patient with recent acute anterior myocardial infarction, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography allowed us to detect, unmistakably, the presence of an apical pseudoaneurysm. Prompt and successful repair was made without performing left ventriculography. To our knowledge, this is the first case of pseudoaneurysm referred for surgery on the basis of echocardiographic findings. PMID- 3234664 TI - [Pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3234663 TI - [Femoral compression neuropathy caused by spontaneous hematoma during heparin therapy: description of a case]. AB - Heparin therapy has become widespread during the past few years. Consequently, the haemorrhagic complications of this therapy have become more common. In some cases, the clinical manifestations do not directly recall the haemorrhagic episode but rather, they simulate intercurrent pathologies. This is the case with femoral neuropathy from psoas haematoma which we refer to here. PMID- 3234665 TI - [The so-called primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3234666 TI - Fixed subaortic stenosis. Natural history of patients with mild obstruction and follow-up of operated patients. AB - Fifty-five patients, 37 men and 18 women, aged 8 to 71 years (median 23) with a diagnosis of fixed subaortic stenosis were seen in our institution between January 1966 and December 1983. Their subvalvular gradient varied between 0 and 135 mmHg. Aortic regurgitation was present in 44 patients. Thirty-eight patients were operated on. Sixteen patients had some additional cardiac disease, either congenital, or acquired. There were 2 early and 2 late deaths. Fifteen patients were studied again after surgery: the average peak-to-peak gradient has decreased from 88 +/- 28 to 19 +/- 16 mmHg and is zero in 5. No patient has needed a reoperation, so far. Of the 17 non-operated patients, 13 had a gradient of less than 50 mmHg; they are all in Class I-II after 1-5 years. The gradient has increased to 70 mmHg in 1 of the 4 recatheterised cases. Four patients have died, 2 suddenly, 2 of congestive heart failure. They all had a gradient of 55 mmHg or more. In conclusion, in asymptomatic patients of a somewhat "older" age, with a high prevalence of a discrete form of subaortic stenosis, an operation can be deferred if the pressure gradient is less than 50 mmHg, and there are no associated lesions. Identification of patients running the risk of sudden death remains elusive. PMID- 3234667 TI - [GISSI 2: Subproject on residual ischemia]. PMID- 3234668 TI - [GISSI 2: PTCA subproject in phase 3B and 4B of the subproject on residual ischemia]. PMID- 3234669 TI - [GISSI 2: Subproject on indexes of recanalization and left ventricle function]. PMID- 3234670 TI - [GISSI 2: Subproject on epidemiologic and genetic aspects of risk factors for myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3234671 TI - [Persistent changes in ST and T waves: non Q infarction?]. PMID- 3234672 TI - Delta hepatitis. PMID- 3234673 TI - [Vasopressin and colonic motility]. AB - Vasopressin (VS) has been reported to stimulate colonic peristalsis in different therapeutic conditions. In order to determine the mechanisms involved in this effect, colonic function was studied with three different techniques staying: a) the transit time of radioopaque markers through the colon was measured in 7 healthy subjects after VS IM (0.3 U/kg of weight). A marked propulsive effect was observed. One hour after injection, 64.7 +/- 16.2 p. 100 of the markers (m +/- sem) had left the right colon vs 9.1 +/- 4.6 p. 100 after injection of NaCl (p less than 0.01) and 70.5 +/- 10.8 p. 100 of the markers emptied from the left colon vs 4.3 +/- 4.5 p. 100 after NaCl (p less than 0.01); b) an electromyographic study was carried out in 6 other healthy subjects with an intraluminal device equipped with contact electrodes, introduced into the left colon by colonoscopy. The injection of VS was followed by an increase in the number of the propagating electrical spike bursts that are known to correlate well with the propulsion of the colonic intraluminal contents. The number of bursts was 2.7 +/- 0.6 bursts/30 min after NaCl and 5.2 +/- 1.4 bursts/30 min after VS (p less than 0.02); c) finally, the outflow of ileostomies and colostomies was measured in respectively 3 and 8 subjects over one h after IM 0.3 U/kg of VS. A considerable increase in the outflow of intestinal fluids was observed: output from the colostomies was 10 +/- 10 ml/h after NaCl and 250 +/- 39 ml/h after VS (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234674 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis disclosed in mixed connective tissue disease]. PMID- 3234675 TI - [Analysis of hospitalizations over 10 years before the manifestation of alcoholic cirrhosis]. PMID- 3234676 TI - [Duodenal dopaminoma marked by meta-iodobenzylguanidine labelled with Iodine 131]. PMID- 3234677 TI - [A case of anal listeria infection in AIDS]. PMID- 3234678 TI - [Esophageal endoprosthesis: an uncommon complication]. PMID- 3234679 TI - [So-called rectovaginal fistulae in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3234680 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the diagnosis of biliary malformations in infants. AB - The differentiation of infantile biliary malformations from primary parenchymal diseases is difficult. The recent development of a pediatric side-viewing endoscope (PJF Endoscope; Olympus Corporation of America) provided an opportunity to investigate the usefulness of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) for precise visualization of the extrahepatic biliary passages in infants with persistent cryptogenic cholestasis. ERC was performed in 12 patients, with visualization of the existing extrahepatic bile ducts in 4. The entire biliary system was visualized in one, excluding extrahepatic biliary atresia and choledochal cyst. The reduced caliber of the intrahepatic bile ducts and histological observations in a percutaneous liver biopsy supported the diagnosis of intrahepatic biliary hypoplasia in this case. An intact hepatic portochole cystostomy was documented in one, although the intrahepatic biliary system was not delineated. Atresia of the hepatic bile ducts proximal to the gallbladder was documented in two. Of the eight patients in whom extrahepatic bile ducts were not visualized by ERC, six had extrahepatic biliary atresia confirmed at exploratory laparotomy. The papilla of Vater could not be located in four of these six infants. The remaining two had neonatal hepatitis. ERC may offer a useful alternative to operative cholangiography in selected infants with persistent cholestasis and acholic stools. PMID- 3234681 TI - The use of the 130-cm colonoscope for screening flexible sigmoidoscopy. AB - The 130-cm colonoscope was utilized to determine whether a deeper insertion could be accomplished after the usual enema preparation for routine flexible sigmoidoscopy and, if so, to what extent that would enhance the yield of neoplastic findings. Sixty-four patients were examined, and intubation was accomplished to the level of 69 cm compared with 48.1 cm for a matched control group that had flexible sigmoidoscopy with the 60-cm endoscope. Another 24 patients who had a barium enema prep had a significantly greater depth of insertion (81.4 cm). Only two polyps were found proximal to 60 cm. The 130-cm colonoscope does not offer any substantial advantage over the standard 60-cm sigmoidoscope unless a bowel preparation more thorough than enemas is given and then it would probably only be worthwhile using the colonoscope in patients who are above average risk for colorectal neoplasia. PMID- 3234682 TI - Marlex mesh erosion: a complication of horizontal banded gastroplasty. AB - One-hundred and thirty-eight obese patients underwent horizontal banded gastroplasty. The stoma in each case was reinforced with Marlex mesh. Fifty of these patients developed upper gastrointestinal symptoms sufficiently severe to require endoscopy. At endoscopy 12 were found to have erosion of the Marlex mesh into the stoma. Mesh erosion was found at various intervals postoperatively ranging from 5 weeks to 55 months with a mean of 23 months. Nine of the 12 had associated stenosis of the stoma and three had dehiscence of the staple line. There were no symptoms peculiar to Marlex erosion. Seven patients required surgical revision of the stoma, four were treated medically, and one was treated with a combination of stomal dilation and medical therapy. PMID- 3234683 TI - Small bowel obstruction and the Garren-Edwards gastric bubble: an iatrogenic bezoar. AB - Subsequent to its introduction as an adjunct to diet and behavioral modification in the management of exogenous obesity, the major complication of the Garren Edwards gastric bubble (GEB) was small bowel obstruction (SBO) due to balloon deflation and obstruction in the jejunum or ileum. Seventy-two cases of patients with SBO due to the GEB requiring surgery and 15 cases of patients with SBO treated medically were reviewed in an attempt to determine risk factors predicting obstruction and to evaluate for treatment methods that might avoid the need for surgery. In these patients a deflated GEB behaved as a typical blunt foreign body. If the device is found to be in the small bowel and fails to pass or move and is associated with fever, leukocytosis, or complete SBO, surgery is required since the bowel may become ischemic, predicting the same high risk outcome seen with other blunt foreign bodies. With the introduction of other similar devices in the near future, since these devices behave as blunt foreign bodies, it cannot be assumed that they will pass uneventfully and appropriate evaluation and therapy must be initiated. PMID- 3234684 TI - Gallbladder lithotripsy: retrograde dissolution of fragments. PMID- 3234685 TI - A prospective trial of an anti-splatter device for the protection of endoscopic personnel from potentially AIDS-infective fluids. PMID- 3234686 TI - Unilateral periorbital emphysema: an unusual complication of endoscopic papillotomy. PMID- 3234687 TI - Mycosis fungoides with gastrointestinal involvement. PMID- 3234688 TI - The growth in utilization of endoscopic procedures: the red flag has been raised. PMID- 3234689 TI - Hospital credentialing and privileges: issues of competence or competition? PMID- 3234690 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. PMID- 3234691 TI - Chloroquine phosphate-induced gastroduodenitis. PMID- 3234692 TI - Appendicitis complicating colonoscopy. PMID- 3234693 TI - Lactulose-induced megacolon. PMID- 3234694 TI - An unusual complication of rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids. PMID- 3234695 TI - Cecal perforation after upper endoscopy and pyloric dilation. PMID- 3234696 TI - An overtube for decompression of sigmoid volvulus. PMID- 3234697 TI - Shortening recovery time from diazepam and midazolam. PMID- 3234698 TI - Endoscopic biliary endoprosthesis: a simple, effective long-term therapy for retained common bile duct stones in the elderly. PMID- 3234699 TI - Pregnancy and esophageal varices. PMID- 3234700 TI - [Early detection of breast cancer in relation to patient and physician characteristics]. AB - Higher participation rates of women in regular examination for early cancer detection (Krebsfruherkennungsuntersuchung, KFU) are expected to improve the effectiveness of breast cancer screening. In the Federal Republic of Germany the law guaranties yearly examination. The detection of early stages is also intended to make breast conserving therapy possible. In our project "Patient- and physician-related problems of early breast cancer detection" we believed that early detection of breast cancer depends not solely on the participation of women entitled to make use of regular examination. We assumed that it depends also on the diagnostic reliability of the examinating physicians. Therefore, we became interested in the factors that cause early or late diagnosis in patients with malignant and good breast lesions. In order to identify these factors, we asked patients and the examinating physicians for case reports. Our qualitative investigations included 50 patients in the area of Munich and Ulm. We found out that, though most patients participated regularly in the early cancer detection examination, participation had no influence on early or late detection of the disease. The majority of patients included in the study, belonged to the group of women with a high participation rate according to the statistics. In general, examination for early cancer detection failed to recognize breast cancer in symptomless women. Not until the patient presented symptoms breast cancer was diagnosed. Early and late diagnoses followed this pattern. Only the patient with early breast cancer and primary surgery by a gynaecologist retained her breast. The surgeons removed the breast. They did not even consider partial resection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234701 TI - [Breast reconstruction using a skin expander prostheses following modified radical mastectomy]. AB - In the period from September 1983 to May 1986, 116 breast reconstructions were performed at Heidelberg University Gynecological Clinic with the aid of skin expander prostheses, following modified radical mastectomy (89 primary and 27 secondary reconstructions). In 18% of all cases, complications occurred due to the expanders, the most common being loss of prosthesis material. A total of 82 women have meanwhile had the expander prosthesis replaced by a definitive gel prosthesis in a "second reconstruction phase". Reconstruction of the nipple and areola has been performed in six cases in a third phase. Today, breast reconstruction in one or two stages following modified radical mastectomy represents an integral part of surgical rehabilitation of primarily operable breast cancer in cases, where a primary conservative procedure is out of the question. PMID- 3234702 TI - [Flow cytophotometry parameters, hormone receptors and axillary lymph node status as prognostic factors in primary breast cancer]. AB - The prognostic significance of DNA flow cytometric examinations of 247 patients (mean age 57 years; 27-84) with operable breast cancer was analyzed. The findings were compared with biochemically determined steroid-hormone receptors and lymph node status. Forty-two percent of the tumors were diploid and 58% aneuploid; 32% of them had a high S-phase portion (greater than 5%; definition by the crit-level method). S-phase fractions were lower in diploid than in aneuploid tumors (2.5 +/ 2.2% versus 5.5 +/- 3.4%). Both with diploid tumors as well as tumors with a low S-phase fraction (less than 5%), recurrence-free survival was better than with aneuploid tumors (p = 0.02) and tumors with a high S-phase fraction (p = 0.004). A direct proportional relationship was found between the S-phase fraction and the mean recurrence-free interval. As regards overall survival, no significant differences have been detected so far, either for diploid and aneuploid tumors or tumors with low and high S-phase fractions. Using the Cox regression model, the prognostic significance of ploidy status and S-phase, as new factors, independent of age, lymph node and steroid-hormone receptor status, is shown. DNA flow cytometry is suitable for routine clinical use and should be used in particular as an independent prognostic factor for planning and stratification in adjuvant therapeutic studies. PMID- 3234703 TI - [Multiple cancers in gynecologic oncology]. AB - An analysis of 97 patients with multiple primary gynaecological neoplasms (90 double-, 6 triple- and 1 quadruple carcinomas) was done at the Gynaecological Department of the University of Innsbruck. Two thirds of the tumour combinations were located in the female genital tract including the breast. Concerning the early detection of simultaneous or subsequent malignancies of the cervix or corpus uteri, one should pay attention to the mamma being involved in the treatment or aftercare of such cancers. In the same way the inner female genital tract has to be observed in breast cancer patients. Regular colposcopic and cytological examinations of the cervical portio as well as a systematic prevention of endometrial cancer (pistolet in local anaesthesia) is highly recommended. The prognosis of the "highly malignant" tumour does not worsen as a result of a second malignant cancer. PMID- 3234704 TI - [Trisomy 22--prenatal findings in various developmental stages]. AB - Four cases of trisomy 22 in different stages of pregnancy are reported, one of them showing a mosaicism. The diagnosis was made in three of the observations during the first trimenon, in one in the third trimenon. A typical pattern of malformations of developmental retardation could be demonstrated in the embryonic as well as in the extraembryonic tissues. Our findings confirm the different frequency of the single chromosome abnormality in the various stages of development in pregnancy. PMID- 3234705 TI - [Changes in the urinary protein pattern in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in normal and hypertensive pregnancies]. AB - The urinary protein pattern was determined in 46 healthy male and female subjects, 64 patients with an uncomplicated course of pregnancy and 88 hypertensive pregnant women by use of a special urine preparation and a modified SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). There were no differences in the protein electrophoresis pattern between the control subjects, independent of sex and age, and the pregnant women. The number of protein bands did not change in the course of pregnancy and in the post partum period. In both groups, an intensively stained protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 105 kD was detected. In 71 of the 88 hypertensive pregnant women we found a marked reduction in intensity or complete disappearance of the 105 kD protein band. Follow-up analysis in 30 of these pregnant women showed, that in 24 cases disappearance of the 105 kD band occurred simultaneously with and in 6 women before clinical manifestation of the disease. There were no differences in the protein electrophoresis pattern between patients with preexisting renal or hypertensive disease and hypertensive women without a complicated history. In 49 of the 52 hypertensive pregnant women complete reappearance of the 105 kD band was observed 2 to 14 days after delivery. By using silver staining and Western blot, the 105 kD band was identified as Tamm-Horsfall protein. Our findings may reflect a transitory tubular dysfunction in cases of preeclampsia and support the hypothesis of an immunological pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 3234706 TI - [An at-risk pregnancy caused by an irregular complement-activating nonspecific alloantibody in maternal serum]. AB - Case study on a pregnancy in which antibodies against high-incidence erythrocytic antigens were detected in maternal serum. Cause of formation and specificity of these antibodies is not known. On the one hand the risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn was recognised. On the other hand for the mother, no compatible blood could be found. PMID- 3234707 TI - [Preventive measures for the control of perinatal herpes simplex virus infection]. PMID- 3234708 TI - [The value of thermography in the diagnosis of breast cancer and in the selection of risk groups]. AB - Within the framework of a prospective screening study for breast cancer, mammographic and thermographic examinations were performed in 11546 clinically asymptomatic women between 1973 and 1980. Until 1986, breast cancer was diagnosed in 141 women. Conforming with the literatur we demonstrate that the accuracy of thermography declines with decreasing tumour size (pTis 27%, pT1 33.3%, pT2 64%). The rate of breast cancer incidence in women with at least one thermogram considered suspicious or requiring further investigation was 2.7 +/- 0.4 during a period of up to 12 years. This value is not higher than that of many other risk factors and lies clearly below the factor of familial predisposition. PMID- 3234709 TI - [Preoperative immunocytochemical estrogen receptor determination in fine needle aspirates in breast cancer using monoclonal antibodies]. AB - The biochemical detection of ER in breast cancer is of high value for the prognosis and planning of treatment. The conventional biochemical assays of ER are expensive, time-consuming and give little information on the topography and heterogeneity of receptor-protein in the tissue. Observations of different study groups showed a good correlation between the results of the biochemical assay and the monoclonal method in frozen sections. This ER-detection method was used on 34 fine needle aspirates from patients with breast cancer. 30 samples (88.2%) contained sufficient cells for analysis. The value of this method was proven and the results correlated to the measurement resulting from the biochemical assay. In 24 of the 30 fine needle aspirates we found good semi-quantitative correlation between the biochemical assay and the monoclonal method. Cytology, including ER detection, permits definition not only of the receptor state, but also of the definition of the tumor. The employment of ER-detection in fine needle aspirates is useful in the following cases: Small tumors, which do not supply enough tissue to practice all in vitro tumor tests, as well as in metastasising tumors, in which surgical intervention or histological confirmation is not always necessary. The preoperative knowledge of ER may soon permit a different surgical therapy. PMID- 3234710 TI - [Central European study of the development of secondary sex characteristics in girls. I. Axillary hair as the 4th secondary sex characteristic]. AB - As a part of the Central European Study a long-term study of the pubertal development of 687 Hungarian girls was undertaken and the findings compared with those of a cross-sectional study of a group of girls from Munster. In addition to assessment of the breast and pubic hair according to Tanner's classification, the development of axillary hair was, for the first time, subdivided into five stages (A1 to A5). This pubertal feature was related to the characteristics already known and, because of the absence of literature, compared with the author's own data. Stage A1 is the infantile stage, in which there is no hair development. In Stage A2, isolated, long, barely visible hairs appear. Stage A3 is marked by the development of a narrow band of sparse hair. In Stage A4 the area covered by hair is larger, and the hair has become more dense. Stage A5 is the adult stage, with a longish, rectangular area covered by hair of a density and texture found in adults. The development of axillary hair began at a average age of 11.94 years, with a standard deviation of 0.93 years. The subsequent stage (A3) was reached at a mean age of 12.53 +/- 0.92 years. At age 12.99 +/- 0.87 years Stage A4 was well developed. The adult hair covering appeared at a mean age of 13.58 +/- 0.66 years. The mean duration of development of the axillary hair was 2.28 +/- 0.60 years. Axillary hair was generally the last pubertal characteristic of development. Only in 5.5% of the girls was axillary hair the first sign of puberty. PMID- 3234711 TI - [Pathologic Papanicolaou class IV smear without histologic correlation--what should be done?]. AB - 13 of 188 patients with a Papanicolaou smear Type IV of the cervix showed histologically only abnormal epithelium, CIN I or II, a result which does not explain the cytologic result. For several reasons a hysterectomy was performed in 5 cases. In only one of these patients a pathological finding, an endometrial carcinoma stage 0, was detected. In the other 8 cases a routine procedure under regular colposcopic and cytologic control had been performed. According to the results during a median follow-up over 52 months, such routine procedure is justified, if the patient wants children and if respectively a regular colposcopic/cytologic control or a control curettage after 3-6 months is undertaken. PMID- 3234712 TI - [Effect of sex steroids on the lipoprotein profile]. AB - Hyperandrogenemia is associated with relatively high LDL- and low HDL-cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of the development of arteriosclerotic disease. In three women suffering from androgen producing ovarian tumors, this observation could be confirmed. After surgical removal of the ovaries, lipoprotein profiles returned to normal. In contrast, androgens did not affect lipoproteins in two testicular feminized individuals. Despite elevated testosterone levels, the lipoprotein profiles were absolutely normal. This observation indicates that the affects on the lipoprotein profile is receptor mediated. PMID- 3234713 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of sialidosis, a defect of the lysosomal enzyme neuraminidase]. AB - Sialidosis, a lysosomal storage disease, ranged as oligosaccharidosis, is a genetic enzyme defect with a significantly restricted survival rate of the child concerned. After the preceded birth of a child who died of sialidosis, we succeeded in the correct prenatal exclusion of the disease with the prediction of a heterocygotic carrier status by biochemical analysis of cultivated amnion cells. The growth of these cells as well as the postnatal examined fibroblasts was significantly reduced. The possibility of the prenatal diagnosis of sialidosis allowed a pregnancy following the birth of a diseased child. PMID- 3234714 TI - [Self-inflicted necroses (mastitis factitia) as an unusual course of non puerperal mastitis]. AB - The present paper reports of a long lasting necrotising mastitis which, regarding the psychiatric aspect of the patient as well, has to be interpreted as artefactual mastitis. The uncommon localisation, the unusual history and histology as well as the hardly accessible personality may be indicative of a self inflicted injury with subsequent inflammation. Additional to the local therapy, these patients need a psychological guidance, avoiding direct confrontation with the suspected pathogenesis. PMID- 3234715 TI - [Lymphoreticular cells in the human endometrial stroma]. AB - The endometrium of 12 patients with a normal spontaneous uterine cycle was examined immunohistochemically with the indirect PAP-method using various monoclonal antibodies. Lymphoreticular cells, which are responsible for non specific defense mechanisms and for the cell-mediated immune reactions were identified. In all phases of the normal cycle, high numbers of cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and T-lymphocytes were detected in the endometrial stroma. The overwhelming majority of T-lymphocytes were found to be of the suppressor/cytotoxic cell type, while helper/inducer cells were seen only in comparably low numbers. B-lymphocytes were virtually absent from the endometrial stroma. PMID- 3234716 TI - [Experiences and successes with intravaginal fertilization and culture of human oocytes]. AB - We present in this study our first experience with intravaginal culture (IVC) of human oocytes as a modified technique for in-vitro fertilization. Up to 4 oocytes and washed, pre-incubated spermatozoa (final concentration: 0.1-0.2 x 10(5)/ml) are pipetted into a plastic capsule. The capsule is closed, avoiding any air inclusion. It is placed into the maternal vagina for up to 50 hours, held in place by a diaphragm. The first 15 patients treated by IVC achieved a fertilization rate of 58% (35/60). Following transfer of the cleavage stages, 3 intact clinical pregnancies were established: 2 in the group with tubal sterility factors and 1 in the group of patients with endometriosis. In the group with andrological causes of sterility, one beta-hCG-positive reaction was detected. However, no intact clinical pregnancy was achieved. Our preliminary results show IVC to be a promising alternative in particular cases of sterility treatment. In contrast to the conventional technique, IVC minimizes exposure of gametes to factors which may affect their early development, such as light or low temperature. Furthermore, there is an important psychological factor to be considered, as the patient actively participates in the incubation period of in vitro fertilization. PMID- 3234717 TI - [Prostaglandins for termination of pregnancy in the 2d and 3d trimester]. AB - 38 abnormal pregnancies in the second and third trimenon have been terminated by a combined therapy of natural prostaglandine, locally applied for ripening the cervix, followed by systemic application of synthetic prostaglandine of the third generation Sulproston. 8 pregnancies have been terminated only after ripening the portio with prostaglandine vaginal tablets. The other 30 women were injected with 500 micrograms Sulproston intramuscular after local priming. All the pregnancies were terminated by this procedure. In 25 cases the effective dose was 500 micrograms, three times 1000 micrograms, once 1500 and 2000 micrograms. 13 women suffered from side effects like vomiting and pain, which could be treated easily. In 27 cases the abortion took place within 20 hours after the first application of Sulproston. Our procedure obviously has a very good labour inducing effect and seems to be the ideal method for inducing artificial abortion. PMID- 3234718 TI - [Myeloreticulosis of the uterus following acute myeloid leukemia]. AB - Tumorous manifestations of myelosis with or without leukemia are rarely seen today as they appear at a very late stage of the disease. They are of importance to the gynecologist in the differential diagnoses concerning the breast, the endometrium and uterus, the placenta and the fetus. The case report of a myeloreticulosis of the uterus, three years after an acute myeloid leukemia was treated, is described. PMID- 3234719 TI - [Placenta percreta: a danger in pregnancy]. AB - Repeated massive bladder haemorrhages of a patient during the 22nd week of her third pregnancy was treated symptomatically for more than three weeks. The cause of the bleeding could not be found. Only the knowledge of the clinical features of a placenta percreta led to the survival of the patient. PMID- 3234720 TI - [Scintigraphic characteristics of changes of the locomotor apparatus in hemophiliacs]. PMID- 3234721 TI - [The importance of intravascular blood coagulation in the pathogenesis of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children]. PMID- 3234722 TI - [Dynamics of total lactate dehydrogenase activity and its erythrocytic isoform during blood coagulation]. PMID- 3234723 TI - [Effect of transfusion of various doses of thrombocyte mass in experimental drug induced thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 3234724 TI - [Blood coagulation activity of supramolecular formations circulating in the blood during exposure altering coagulating activity]. PMID- 3234725 TI - [H2O2-induced thrombocyte aggregation and deaggregation]. PMID- 3234726 TI - [Dynamics of qualitative and quantitative erythrocyte changes during the development of toxigenic syndromes of disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 3234727 TI - [Neutralization of the nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity of complex heparin compounds by platelet factor 4]. PMID- 3234728 TI - [Leuko- and thrombocytopenic reactions of the body to the intravenous administration of emulsions of perfluoro-organic compounds]. PMID- 3234729 TI - [An analysis of the causes of errors in determining the ABO group classification of patients]. PMID- 3234730 TI - [The outlook for the use of automatic management systems at blood banks]. PMID- 3234731 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the coagulation characteristics of hemoglobin and its polymer in the presence of a mercury cation]. PMID- 3234732 TI - [Kinetic characteristics of tumor growth in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3234733 TI - [Fractional composition of free polyamines in the bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes in healthy persons and in patients with chronic leukemia]. PMID- 3234734 TI - [Development of anemia in newborn animals after acute hypoxia]. PMID- 3234735 TI - [Characteristics of the immune system of donors after instrumental plasmapheresis]. PMID- 3234736 TI - Properties of an early outward current in single cells of the mouse ventricle. AB - Single ventricular myocytes of adult mice were prepared by enzymatic dissociation for voltage clamp experiments with the one suction pipette dialysis method. After blocking the Na current by 10(-4) mol/l TTX early outward currents (IEO) with incomplete inactivation could be elicited by clamping from -50 mV to test potentials (VT) positive to -30 mV. Interfering Ca currents were very small (less than 0.6 nA at VT = 0 mV). The approximation of IEO by the q4r-model showed a pronounced decrease in the time constant of activation (tau q) to more positive potentials. At 50 ms test pulses the time course of the incomplete inactivation could be described by two exponentials and a constant. The time constant of the fast exponential (tau r1) showed a slight decline towards more positive test potentials (8.1 +/- 1.0 ms at -10 mV; 5.8 +/- 1.2 ms at +50 mV, mean +/- SD, n = 5) whereas the time constant of the slow exponential (tau r2) was voltage independent (41.1 +/- 7.9 ms, mean +/- SD, n = 5). The contributions of the fast exponential and the pedestal increased towards positive test potentials. The Q10 value for the time constants of activation and fast inactivation was 2.36 +/- 0.19 and 2.51 +/- 0.09 (mean +/- SD, n = 3), respectively. After an initial delay the recovery of IEO at a recovery potential of -50 mV could be fitted monoexponentially with a time constant of 16.3 +/- 2.9 ms (mean +/- SD, n = 3). The time course of the onset of inactivation determined with the double pulse protocol was slower than the decay at the same potential, and could be described as sum of a fast (tau = 18.4 +/- 6.0 ms) and a slow (tau = 62.1 +/- 19.9ms, mean +/- SD, n = 3) exponential. IEO could be blocked completely by 1 mmol/l 4 aminopyridine at potentials up to +20 mV. Stronger depolarizations had an unblocking effect. PMID- 3234737 TI - Mathematical modelling of the transport of low molecular weight solutes across biological membranes. The transport of Leu, His and Glu into human blood platelets. AB - A model describing the transport of low molecular weight solutes across cell membranes is presented. The model accounts for many different systems which may mediate the fluxes of various solutes, for the effect of Na+ ions, and for time dependence of the processes. It generalizes the classical three-parameter equation for transport. Solutions to the model were employed to interprete experimental data obtained for the uptake of DL-leu, L-his and L-glu by human blood platelets. PMID- 3234738 TI - Monovalent ions are spatially bound within the sarcomere. AB - The concentrations of sodium, potassium, chlorine, and phosphorus and the water content in A-band and I-band of rat heart muscle cells were measured by X-ray microanalysis. Concentrations per compartment water of both cations and anions are higher in the A-band, which is less hydrated than the I-band. It is concluded that at physiological ionic strength positive and negative fixed charges are effectively shielded against each other and ions of opposite sign are spatially fixed as counterions within one and the same compartment. By using sequence analysis data from the literature to evaluate the density of fixed charges in muscle it is estimated that differences in ionic concentrations between A- and I band are chiefly due to ion binding in the A-band. PMID- 3234739 TI - The effect of pentylenetetrazol on the metacerebral neuron of Helix pomatia. AB - The effects of Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) on the metacerebral giant cell (MCC) of the snail, Helix pomatia were studied. Actions on membrane resistance, time constant, resting and action potentials, outward and inward ionic currents were examined. Superfusion with PTZ in concentrations of 25 to 50 mmol/l, induced a gradually evolving convulsive state, which could be studied by intracellular recording from the MCCs. In the pre-convulsive state an acceleration of the spontaneous activity developed and was followed by paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDSs), in the convulsive phase. PTZ prolonged the membrane time constant by about 10 percent, but this could not be traced back to alterations in membrane resistance or capacity. The resting membrane potential was not significantly altered; the action potentials were prolonged by slowing down of both the rising and decaying phases. The outward potassium currents were repressed by PTZ in a voltage dependent manner. The decrease of the IA current became more pronounced at increasingly positive command pulses, while IK was relieved from depression especially at longer pulse durations. Inward currents were isolated with the aid of suppression of outward currents by 50 mmol/l TEA. Under these conditions sodium currents, measured in calcium deficient Ringer solution were moderately depressed, while the calcium currents, examined during sodium-free superfusion, were mildly enhanced by PTZ. It is concluded that PTZ effects on ionic conductances, on membrane parameters, on the resting potential and ionic currents explain only modifications of spike potentials occurring in the convulsive state and do not account for the PDS, the central phenomenon of the convulsive electrographic activity, at least in this thoroughly examined type of neuron. PMID- 3234740 TI - Uncoupling effect of protonophoric and nonprotonophoric analogs of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. AB - Analogs of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone providing no reaction with nucleophilic groups and lacking acidobasic properties, respectively, were synthesized for study of mechanism of uncoupling effect on oxidative phosphorylation. Their retention, influence on proton transport, abilities to SH- groups modify and to stimulate respiration in rat liver mitochondria, together with their physico-chemical properties, namely lipophilicity, acidobasicity and reactivity were characterized. The substitution of acidic hydrogen of the imino group resulted in the loss of both acidobasicity and uncoupling effect on oxidative phosphorylation. A decreased reactivity resulted from the substitutions of nitrile groups with the uncoupling activity remaining preserved. PMID- 3234741 TI - The effect of electromagnetic field on the heart rate of rabbits. PMID- 3234742 TI - Effects of Na+ on the process of filling and depletion of carbachol released Ca2+ store in the guinea-pig taenia coli smooth muscle. PMID- 3234743 TI - [The state of veterinary genetics in the Estonian SSR]. AB - Short review of veterinary-genetic research in the Estonian SSR is presented in this paper, Six main original achievements are discussed, in particular, population-immunological characterization of hen flocks. The latter method is simple, not labour-consuming and helps to prognose the viability and endurance of hens, on the basis of determining the immunological traits of blood in young hens. PMID- 3234744 TI - [Genetic mapping of unstable chloramphenicol resistance determinant in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)]. AB - The results indicative of chromosomal localization of the unstable chloramphenicol resistance determinant in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) have been obtained. Independent mutations specifying chloramphenicol sensitivity in different strains of S. coelicolor A3(2), S18 and A617M are localized in the same region flanked by markers argA1 and cysD18 on the genetic map. Mutations restoring chloramphenicol resistance are also localized in this region. Different locations of the genetically unstable determinant of chloramphenicol resistance detected in various laboratories are discussed, in relation to the results showing that transfer to chloramphenicol sensitivity is due to a set of various rearrangements (deletions, amplifications, deamplifications, etc.), differing in separate variants. PMID- 3234745 TI - [Specificity of mutagenic effect of N-nitroso-N-methylurea and relation between its mutagenic activity and carbamoylating properties]. AB - Significance of carbamoylation for mutagenic effects of N-nitroso-N-methyl-urea (NMU) on the CHO-AT3-2 cell line of Chinese hamster was studied. True point mutations occurred, due to alkylation. Carbamoylation combined with alkylation, or carbamoylation after alkylation induced the increase in other types of gene mutations as well as micro- and macroaberrations. These effects may be explained by the synergistic effect of alkylation and carbamoylation. Possible mechanisms and levels of interaction between alkylation and carbamoylation are discussed. PMID- 3234746 TI - [Phenotypical and genetic differentiation of human populations for morphological and psychophysiological traits. Factor analysis]. AB - The multivariate genetic factor analysis is used, as first attempt, to study genetic bases of correlation variability of neurodynamic and psychodynamic levels of individual organization among isolates of Daghestan. Closer similarity between factors described in templates of phenotypic correlations is explained by lower heritability of the parameters under study. Interpopulation differences revealed by the multivariate genetic analysis are the result of differences in the genetic structure of the populations. PMID- 3234747 TI - [Possibility of the current segregation analysis to discriminate between monogenic and multifactorial types of inheritance of traits. The effect of the structure of family data on model robustness and power of the analysis]. AB - The influence of sampling designs for robustness of the autosomal major locus model and the multifactorial model as well as possibility of segregation analysis to discriminate these models was studied. Nuclear families and 3-generation pedigrees were considered. It was found that robustness of models increased, when the size of sibships in nuclear families grows and when configuration of pedigrees is complicated. The resolution power of the analysis is always increased with size elevation of sibships, the highest effect of the analysis being observed for sibships of the size 3 or 4. Consideration of new generations is only advisable, if attracting sibs of these generations, the resolution power being increased, provided that the parameters of models are of high value. PMID- 3234748 TI - [Incidence of dominant lethals in the progeny of young male house mice (Mus musculus L.) after exposure to excretory products of mature males of the same species]. AB - The influence of biologically active substances of excretory products (EP) of house mouse adult males on reproductive function of young males was studied with the help of the dominant lethal test. Mortality of the progeny and frequency of nonpregnant females were analysed on the 6th and 8th weeks after EP exposure. Preimplantation and postimplantation mortality frequency increased significantly (P less than 0.05) at 6th and 8th weeks after 2 h EP exposure. Frequency of dominant lethals and nonpregnant females is also increased. Thus, inhibition of reproductive function of young males after EP action has been demonstrated. Possible mechanisms of the effects revealed and their importance for house mouse populations are discussed. PMID- 3234749 TI - [Natural and recombinant interferons provide different protection of human cells with impaired repair system (Marfan syndrome) against mutagens]. AB - It was shown that pretreatment of human cells with interferons (IF) of different origin has an unequal protective effect under the action of various mutagens with different activity. The protective effect of IF was estimated using the test of sister chromatid exchanges. Natural leucocyte alpha IF is highly effective in healthy human cells and in those of patients having Marfan syndrome. The latter are characterised by disorder in DNA repair under the action of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), 8-methoxypsoralen and gamma-rays. Recombinant interferon (alpha 2) displayed no activity against gamma-rays in cells of healthy donors and patients with Marfan syndrome. Nor was it effective in the cells of patients in the experiments with 4-NQO. The absence of correlation between the ability of IF to protect the cells and their influence on the rate of cell proliferations was established. PMID- 3234750 TI - [Preliminary analysis of inheritance of scoliosis]. AB - 90 pedigrees (283 individuals) were used for statistical and segregation analysis of scoliosis inheritance. It was shown that inheritance of scoliosis may be described by the monogenic model with incomplete penetrance of heterozygotes, the latter being lower in men than in women. The monogenic model allows to perform correct predictions, the probability of incorrect prediction being about 0.1. PMID- 3234751 TI - [Relative role of selective migration and pathology in the formation of genetic structure]. AB - It is shown that elective migration, with respect to polymorphic loci genotypes, and their association with pathology affect unequally formation of genetic structure features of the population analysed. The correlative role of two processes mentioned is more or less specific, with respect to every concrete locus: the elective migration and the pathology have unidirectional impact in all groups, which leads to maximum dynamics of genotypes in groups with different duration of dwelling under extreme conditions (AcP, Pp loci). These processes act as antagonists, preserving constant genotype frequency (AK locus). Genotype frequency dynamics is mainly determined by the elective migration (Rh locus) or the pathology (PGD locus). The correlative role of the elective migration and the pathology is often unequal in groups with different duration of dwelling under the North-East conditions, as applied to concrete locus (GLO-1, PGM1), though the elective migration participates in groups with comparatively small dwelling-term in the North and the pathology has more influence as this term increases. The problem of genetic aspects of human adaptation is under discussion. PMID- 3234753 TI - [Reproductive compensation in human populations]. AB - Reproductive compensation was studied in Russian (family planning) and Middle Asian (with natural reproduction) urban and rural populations. Questionnaires were used describing postreproductive-age women having at least one pregnancy. The presence of reproductive compensation in a population was identified by comparison of two groups: "loaded" and "unloaded" by values of total and effective fertility. Families with excessive (compared with the mean population value) pregnancy outcome failure (spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, preproductive-age deaths of children) were ascribed to the loaded group. Reproductive compensation was discovered in all populations studied, which indicates that this phenomenon is wide-spread in human populations. PMID- 3234752 TI - [Modifying action of carbamoylation reaction on mutagenic and toxic effects of alkylating compounds and heavy metal salts]. AB - Using mammalian somatic cells (CHO-AT3-2) we have demonstrated a synergistic effect of ethyl methane sulfonate and a carbamoylating agent, potassium cyanate. Potassium cyanate aggravated the toxic action of EMS and the induction of predominantly micro- and macroaberrational mutation, whereas the rate of point mutations of the base substitution type was not affected. No synergistic effect was observed when potassium cyanate was used in combination with heavy metal salts, regardless of the test employed. PMID- 3234754 TI - Estimation of phenotypic selection differentials for predicting genetic responses to ratio-based selection. AB - Ratios of the phenotypic values of two traits may be used as selection criteria in animal and plant breeding to improve the ratio traits themselves or to effect changes in their two component (numerator and denominator) traits. Prediction of genetic responses to ratio-based selection would facilitate quantitative analysis and evaluation of selection based on ratios. Methods for predicting such responses are derived and presented here. They employ expressions for the truncation value of a ratio and for the phenotypic selection differentials of the numerator and denominator traits. The derivation of these expressions is based upon the assumption that the phenotypic values of each of these traits are normally distributed. Worked examples relating to livestock and crop improvement are included to demonstrate how responses to selection for ratios may be predicted. PMID- 3234755 TI - Assays of testis development in the mouse distinguish three classes of domesticus type Y chromosome. AB - The Y chromosome of Mus musculus poschiavinus interacts with the autosomal recessive gene tda-1b of the C57BL/6J laboratory strain of the house mouse to cause complete or partial sex reversal. Ovaries or ovotestes develop in a substantial proportion of the XY fetuses. Several different Y-specific DNA probes distinguish two major types of Y chromosome in the house mouse and they are represented by M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus. The poschiavinus Y chromosome appears identical to the domesticus Y. The developmental distribution of the gonad types was examined in the first backcross or N2 generation of fetuses in C57BL/6J with six different domesticus-type Y chromosomes and, as controls, three different musculus-type Y chromosomes. Gonadal hermaphrodites were found with three of the six domesticus-type Y chromosomes. Both overall frequency and phenotypic distribution of types of gonadal hermaphrodites identify three classes of domesticus-type Y chromosome by their differential interaction with the C57BL/6J genetic background. PMID- 3234756 TI - Quadrivalent formation in a tetraploid chicken oocyte. AB - Synaptonemal complex analysis of an exceptional tetraploid oocyte from a diploid chicken heterozygous for the MN t (Z;1) rearrangement was performed by electron microscopy of a spread preparation. Ten separate quadrivalents (26% of the chromosomal axes) were analyzed, as well as 50 autosomal bivalents. All the axes less than 2.5 microns in length formed bivalents (38) only, while axes in the 2.5 4.2 micron range formed 5 quadrivalents and 12 bivalents. The longer, separate axes formed quadrivalents only. Partner switches in excess of one were documented. The two identical W chromosomes paired only at the ends of their short arms. Quadrivalent formation may require a threshold length (2.5 microns), at least in this species. The tip of the short arm of the W chromosome may be a pairing initiation point, and it corresponds to the region associated with a localized recombination nodule previously described in diploid oocytes. PMID- 3234757 TI - Orientation and segregation of Robertsonian trivalents in Dichroplus pratensis (Acrididae). AB - Pairing behavior, metaphase I orientation, and anaphase I segregation of centric fusion trivalents were studied in 26 single, 15 double, and 2 triple male fusion heterozygotes of the polymorphic South American melanopline grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis. They represent the seven different fusions and their combinations already described in different populations of the species. Our analysis showed the following: (1) pairing behavior is very regular in all trivalents; (2) frequencies of linear orientation was very low irrespective of the trivalent involved; (3) reorientation seems to occur frequently since frequencies of abnormal segregation and aneuploid second division cells were invariably lower than those of nonconvergent orientation; (4) aneuploidy and abnormal sperm production increases with increasing number of fusions; (5) chiasma frequency and localisation is relevant to trivalent orientation since trivalents with nonconvergent orientations showed proximal and interstitial chiasmata more frequently than convergently oriented ones. The results are in agreement with the hypothesis that these polymorphisms are old and stable, and confirm that for the maintenance of a balanced polymorphism, if this polymorphism is adaptive because of its consequences on recombination, position effects, etc., changes tending to stabilise trivalent orientation and segregation are central. PMID- 3234758 TI - The outcome of pregnancy complicated by severe asthma. AB - Eighty pregnancies in 73 gravidas with severe asthma who required inhaled and/or systemic corticosteroids were reported in an attempt to define the effects of asthma and its treatment on the outcome of pregnancy. No maternal deaths occurred. Infants delivered from gravidas who experienced at least one episode of status asthmaticus during gestation had decreased birth weights (p = 0.03) compared with infants delivered from gravidas who did not require emergency therapy or develop status asthmaticus. The data confirm the importance of maintaining gravidas with severe asthma as free from symptoms and signs of asthma as possible. PMID- 3234759 TI - Pollen immunotherapy during pregnancy: long-term follow-up of offsprings. AB - The purpose of this study is to determine the long-term affect of maternal pollen immunotherapy on offsprings who are ten years or older. Records of two allergists were reviewed, identifying 63 consecutive pregnant patients who received allergy injections to pollens. Of these patients, 30 returned questionnaires and 23 qualified for this study. A total of 78 offsprings were evaluated. In 40 of these offsprings, (treated group) mean age 16, their mothers had received immunotherapy during pregnancy. In 38 control siblings (untreated offsprings), mean age 22, their mothers had not received immunotherapy during pregnancy. Data on offsprings were obtained by questionnaires and direct interview when skin tested (31% of offspring). Thirty-eight percent (15/40) of treated offsprings and 45% (17/38) of untreated offsprings developed asthma/allergic rhinitis. This difference is not statistically significant. Among the treated offsprings, 69% (9/13) of those skin tested had positive skin tests to one or more pollens administered to the mother while pregnant. Among the untreated offsprings (controls), 55% (6/11) of those skin tested had positive skin tests to one or more pollens administered to the mother during sibling pregnancy. This difference was not statistically significant. In summary, allergen immunotherapy in pregnancy does not appear to affect the development of asthma/rhinitis or positive skin tests in offsprings. PMID- 3234760 TI - Venom immunotherapy during pregnancy. AB - A patient who received venom immunotherapy during pregnancy without complications delivered a healthy term infant. Venom-specific IgG antibodies were similar in the mother and infant at birth and then fell to undetectable levels by six months of age. Although the mother had elevated venom-specific IgE levels, they were not detectable in the infant at birth or six months of age. Therefore, venom immunotherapy during pregnancy did not lead to allergic sensitization of this child. PMID- 3234761 TI - Duration of response following cessation of pollen immunotherapy. AB - Following successful immunotherapy estimates of relapse rate ranged from 22% to 42%, depending on method of follow-up. The time to relapse varied with the method of follow-up, indicating that recall may play a major role in the perception of a relapse. How much of the continued well-being of most patients (58% of contacted patients) is due to immunotherapy or the natural history of the illness cannot be ascertained from this study. PMID- 3234762 TI - Papain anaphylaxis: a case report. AB - We report a case which illustrates occupational sensitivity to Papain with life threatening anaphylaxis. In addition to urticaria and angioedema and glottic symptoms, the patient demonstrated annoying intermittent problems mimicking rheumatoid, gastrointestinal, cardiac, and pulmonary disease. All symptoms and signs disappeared after he removed himself from direct occupational exposure to Papain, and he was able to continue working in a setting five stories removed from the powder. The ubiquitous presence of Papain in our daily lives, in the bathroom, dining room, hospital, or workplace establishes it as a significant contaminant. This case emphasizes the value of including papaya as a scratch testing antigen in clinical practice. PMID- 3234763 TI - Evidence for eight tandem and five centric fusions in the evolution of the karyotype of Aethomys namaquensis A. Smith (Rodentia: Muridae). AB - G- and C-banded chromosomes of Aethomys namaquensis (2n = 24), A. chrysophilus (2n = 44), and Praomys coucha (2n = 36) are compared and contrasted with published material on Australian Muridae and North American Sigmodontidae. Direction and types of chromosomal rearrangements are established using cladistic methodology. An acrocentric morphology for chromosomes 5, 14, 15 and 20 (numbering system from Peromyscus) are proposed as primitive for the common ancestor of the Muridae and Sigmodontidae rodent lineages. Reduced diploid number of Aethomys namaquensis is derived by eight tandem and five centric fusions since divergence from the common ancestor with A. chrysophilus. The two species of Aethomys share one derived metacentric chromosome that distinguishes them from Praomys. Praomys has unique chromosomes which can be derived from the proposed primitive condition by five centric fusions and five pericentric inversions. It is concluded that karyotypic orthoselection for tandem and centric fusions is best explained by cellular or biochemical mechanisms rather than variation in population characteristics. PMID- 3234764 TI - [Chromosomes of the Cuming rat, Phloeomys cumingi Waterhouse, 1839 (Mammalia: Rodentia)]. AB - The chromosome formula of Phloeomys cumingi is described for the first time. The diploid number is 40 in both sexes, the fundamental number is 60. The 38 autosomes are divided into 5 pairs of submetacentrics, 4 pairs of metacentrics, 6 pairs of large acrocentrics and 4 pairs of small acrocentrics. The sex chromosomes are large and rich in C-positive heterochromatin. The comparative analysis of the chromosomes of Phloeomys with those of Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus puts forward numerous analogies between these 3 species. According to the comparison of the chromosomes of Phloeomys with the ancestral karyotype of the Cricetidae, eleven chromosome pairs at least have conserved their original G banding pattern. Although chromosome data reveal a close relationship between Phloeomys and Muridae, they do not exclude the possible belonging of this species to a separate family, that of Phloeomyidae. PMID- 3234765 TI - Karyological studies in Coris julis (Pisces, Labridae). AB - In the present investigation the diploid number 2n = 48 (NF = 58) has been determined for females, primary males, and secondary males of Coris julis from the Gulf of Palermo. Differentiated sex chromosomes have not been observed in the population under study. PMID- 3234766 TI - Molecular analysis of the gene encoding alpha-lytic protease: evidence for a preproenzyme. AB - A 1.7-kb EcoRI fragment containing the structural gene for alpha-lytic protease has been cloned from Lysobacter enzymogenes 495 chromosomal DNA: the first example of a gene cloned from this organism. The protein sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence encoding this serine protease matches the published amino acid sequence [Olson et al., Nature 228 (1970) 438-442] precisely. Sequence analysis and S1 mapping indicate that, like subtilisin [e.g., Wells et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 11 (1983) 7911-7925] alpha-lytic protease is synthesized as a pre-pro protein (41 kDa) that is subsequently processed to its mature extracellular form (20 kDa). This first finding of a large N-terminal protease precursor in a Gram-negative bacterial protease strengthens the hypothesis that large precursors may be a general property of extracellular bacterial proteases, and suggests that the N- or C-terminal location of the precursor segment may be significant. PMID- 3234767 TI - Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding the nerve growth factor precursor from Mastomys natalensis. AB - Mastomys natalensis is an African rat that has high levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in its submaxillary glands. Like in the mouse, Mastomys NGF is found as a high-molecular-weight complex. However, the Mastomys complex differs from the mouse complex, in that the gamma-subunit is either missing or is less tightly bound in the Mastomys NGF complex. In the mouse, the gamma-subunit has been implicated in the processing of the beta-NGF precursor. The possible lack of gamma-subunits in the Mastomys NGF high-molecular-weight complex suggested that the Mastomys beta-NGF precursor might differ from the mouse beta-NGF precursor in some of its processing sites. In particular, Mastomys beta-NGF might lack the C terminal dipeptide cleavage site implicated in beta-gamma subunit interactions in mouse NGF. In order to test this hypothesis, we isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone for Mastomys beta-NGF. We report here the cloning and sequencing of a cDNA coding for beta-NGF from Mastomys natalensis. The cDNA library was prepared from Mastomys submaxillary gland mRNA and the beta-NGF clone was isolated using a mouse cDNA as a probe. The nucleotide sequence of Mastomys beta-NGF is 95% homologous to that of mouse beta-NGF. In particular, the Mastomys beta-NGF precursor contains the same three C-terminal residues as the mouse, suggesting that the Mastomys beta-NGF precursor could interact with a gamma-like subunit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3234768 TI - Nucleotide sequence and transcription of a rat tRNA(Phe) gene and a neighboring Alu-like element. AB - A bacteriophage gamma Ch4A clone containing a 22-kb rat DNA insert was isolated and found to contain a solitary tRNA(Phe)GAA gene and, 436 bp downstream of it, an Alu-like element. The nucleotide sequence of a 1141-bp DNA fragment containing these genes was determined. The rat tRNA(Phe)GAA gene, with the exception of an additional A in the extra arm, has a sequence identical to that of a rabbit liver tRNA(Phe). The Alu-like element belongs to the rodent B2 family of short interspersed repetitive nucleotide sequences. This repetitive element, B2Phe, is flanked by 12-bp direct repeats, contains an internal split promoter (block A and block B) for RNA polymerase III and is devoid of an A-rich segment at the 3' end. Like other members of the B2 family, the B2Phe element presents 64% sequence homology with rat serine tRNA and contains a serine (GCT) anticodon. Both tRNA(Phe)GAA gene and B2Phe element were found to be transcriptionally active in HeLa cell and Xenopus oocyte nuclear extracts. The tRNA(Phe) gene transcripts were processed during the course of transcription to form mature-size tRNA(Phe). The transcription efficiency of the B2Phe element was found to be an order of magnitude higher than that of the tRNA(Phe) gene. Competition experiments demonstrate that the B2Phe DNA can form a more stable transcription complex than the tRNA(Phe) gene and compete with it for binding of transcription factors. PMID- 3234769 TI - Sequence and structural analysis of the alpha- and beta-dinitrogenase subunits of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. AB - The structural genes (nifD and nifK) for the alpha and beta subunits of the molybdenum-iron (MoFe) protein of the Thiobacillus ferrooxidans dinitrogenase have been sequenced. The Mr values deduced from the nucleotide sequences are 54,919 and 57,901 for the alpha and beta subunits, respectively. The amino acid sequences of both subunits were quantitatively compared with the equivalent subunits from other bacteria. Distinct areas of amino acid homology were found between the alpha and beta subunits of T. ferrooxidans. PMID- 3234770 TI - Conserved and unique sequences in the 3'-untranslated region of rat smooth-muscle alpha-actin mRNA. AB - We have isolated a cDNA clone corresponding to rat smooth-muscle alpha-actin mRNA [Hsu and Frankel, J. Biol. Chem. 262 (1987) 9594-9600]. We present here the sequence of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the cDNA. By comparison with the reported sequence of the chicken gene, this 3'-UTR region contains a conserved 36-bp sequence and a unique 48-bp G + C-rich sequence. An RNA probe containing only the 3'-UTR of the cDNA was synthesized and shown to be specific for smooth-muscle alpha-actin message. PMID- 3234771 TI - Isolation of a human cDNA of urokinase and its expression in COS-1 cells. AB - The cDNA encoding human urokinase (UK) has been isolated from a cDNA library prepared from human normal fibroblast (WI38) cells, which had been stimulated by endothelial cell growth factor and heparin. This cDNA was sequenced and found to contain a few silent substitutions, thus encoding the same amino acids as deduced from the published genomic sequence of UK. After modification, the cDNA of UK was inserted into a transient expression vector and used to transfect COS-1 cells. The recombinant UK protein (rUK) in the serum-free medium of transfected COS-1 cells was characterized by biochemical and functional assays. These studies indicated that rUK from COS-1 cells is glycosylated, enzymatically active, and very similar to native single-chain plasminogen activator (scuPA). Therefore, such rUK can be a convenient source of scuPA for any further studies. PMID- 3234772 TI - Probable cloning artefacts previously interpreted as unusual leader sequences of rodent ornithine decarboxylase mRNAs--a cautionary tale. AB - Messenger RNAs that have structurally unusual 5' leaders attract interest and provoke conjecture. Cloning and sequencing of two rodent ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) cDNAs, those for mouse [Kahana and Nathans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82 (1985) 1673-1677] and, recently as published in this journal, for rat [Van Kranen et al., Gene 60 (1987) 145-155], have indicated the presence of such features. In both cases, the leader is unusually long and contains multiple AUG start codons preceding that which encodes the N terminus of the protein. In addition, the leader of the rat clone contains a 54-nt perfect inverted repeat. Because ODC expression appears to be regulated translationally, functional implications immediately suggest themselves. Certain unusual features of the mouse cDNA have proven artefactual [Brabant et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988) 2200 2204; Katz and Kahana, J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 7604-7609]. It is likely that the putative leader sequence of rat ODC cDNA also resulted from a cloning artefact. PMID- 3234773 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of embryotoxic effects of carbofos and formaldehyde mixture isolated and combined with elevated temperature and air humidity]. PMID- 3234774 TI - [Correction of MPEL of styrene in the air of the work area and the substantiation of safe levels of its metabolites in the urine of workers]. PMID- 3234775 TI - [Effect of training conditions on the health status of students of secondary vocational schools in the coal mining industry]. PMID- 3234776 TI - [Age-related dynamics of the development of professionally important characteristics in students of educational-industrial combines in coal mining]. PMID- 3234777 TI - [Relation of the quality coefficient and linear transmission of energy as new standards of radiation safety]. PMID- 3234778 TI - [Increasing the quality of the training of physicians, public health specialists and epidemiologists as the basis of the reorganization of the educational process at the public health departments of medical schools]. PMID- 3234779 TI - [Results and prospects of the development of the Automated State Information System "Health"]. PMID- 3234780 TI - [Psychological characteristics of various categories of medical personnel and the problems of their professional selection]. PMID- 3234781 TI - [Morbidity with temporary disability among sailors]. PMID- 3234782 TI - [Health education of various population groups]. PMID- 3234783 TI - [Legislative measures with regard to the control of smoking in various parts of the world]. PMID- 3234784 TI - [Methodologic approach to the standardization of epoxy synthetic materials and their volatile components in the air of the work area]. PMID- 3234786 TI - [Hygienic and medico-biological aspects of ventilation and air conditioning systems]. PMID- 3234785 TI - [Use of cytochemical methods for evaluating body resistance of laboratory animals]. PMID- 3234787 TI - [Improving the legal principles of sanitary and epidemiologic services as a factor of increasing the effectiveness of the state sanitary control]. PMID- 3234788 TI - [The role of organizational work in the activities of a regional sanitary and epidemiologic station]. PMID- 3234789 TI - [Hygienic standardization of Cellosolve levels in reservoir water]. PMID- 3234790 TI - [Effect of the methods of cutaneous administration of methyl isobutyl ketone on its toxicity]. PMID- 3234791 TI - [Effect of thiuram D on the activity of oxidative liver enzymes in experimental studies]. PMID- 3234792 TI - [Changes in the glucosephosphate dehydrogenase activity in the liver and blood of albino rats after poisoning with chloride-containing pesticides]. PMID- 3234793 TI - [Effects of organophosphate compounds with remote neurotoxicity]. PMID- 3234794 TI - [Functional status of the monooxygenase system of the liver microsomes in potassium bichromate poisoning]. PMID- 3234795 TI - [Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of phthalimide-containing preparations]. PMID- 3234796 TI - [Hygienic standardization of new acrylic copolymers in reservoir water]. PMID- 3234797 TI - [Growth and survival of bacteria of the genus Bacillus in sea- and river water]. PMID- 3234798 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet radiation on microbial contamination of the human skin]. PMID- 3234799 TI - [Principles of setting up a multipurpose system of data collection for an automated information system on occupational medicine, the environment and public health]. PMID- 3234800 TI - [Methodologic basis of setting up an automated information system for the study of physical development of children in relation to the effects of environmental factors]. PMID- 3234801 TI - [Determining the levels of phenols and various pesticides in fish by the colorimetric method]. PMID- 3234802 TI - [Quantitative analysis of phenol in water, model media simulating food products and in the air during sanitary and chemical examination of polymer materials]. PMID- 3234803 TI - [Determining the toxicity of biologically active chemical substances]. PMID- 3234804 TI - [An irradiation system for the study of the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation]. PMID- 3234805 TI - [Status and prospects of research on the problem of preventing unfavorable effects of occupational noise and vibration]. PMID- 3234806 TI - [Concentrating and determining trace amounts of nitrogen-containing fungicides in food products and air]. PMID- 3234807 TI - [Health-oriented evaluation of schoolchildren's workload based on a dynamic analysis of correlations of physiological functions]. PMID- 3234808 TI - [Experience with the hygienic control of an open hot water supply system]. PMID- 3234809 TI - [Substantiation of the maximum permissible level of tin sulfate in the air of populated regions]. PMID- 3234810 TI - [Identification of volatile products of the pyrolysis of brown coal and their hygienic standardization in the air]. PMID- 3234811 TI - [Scientific substantiation of the maximum permissible level of O-ethyl-O phenylchlorthiophosphate in reservoir water]. PMID- 3234812 TI - [Scientific substantiation of hygienic standards of octyldichloropropyl phosphate in a water medium]. PMID- 3234813 TI - [Experimental study of the effect of herbicides on the species structure of microflora of reservoir water]. PMID- 3234814 TI - [Substantiation of hygienic standards of monoazo dyes in water reservoirs]. PMID- 3234815 TI - [Study of bacterial and mycotic contamination of objects in the surface technological complex of coal mines under construction]. PMID- 3234816 TI - [Effect of learning stress on various indicators of the cardiovascular system and energy metabolism in schoolchildren starting their education at 6 and 7 years of age]. PMID- 3234817 TI - [Experiences in improving the health status of frequently ill children in preschool institutions]. PMID- 3234818 TI - [Toxicologic characteristics of new nitrification inhibitors]. PMID- 3234819 TI - [Study of chronic toxicity and late effects of polyvinyl alcohol of the 18/11 mark]. PMID- 3234820 TI - [Study of the microflora of fish and fish products on ships]. PMID- 3234821 TI - [Urgent tasks of hygienic research and practice regarding improving working conditions of miners in the coal mining industry in the Ukrainian S.S.R]. PMID- 3234822 TI - [Socio-hygienic aspects of preventing diseases among workers in deep coal mines]. PMID- 3234823 TI - [Physiologic and hygienic substantiation of rational systems of work and rest during shaft sinking in iron ore mines]. PMID- 3234824 TI - [Nutrition and beverage standards for miners in deep coal mines]. PMID- 3234825 TI - [Effect of microclimate heating and occupational noise and their combination with lead aerosols on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3234826 TI - [Evaluation of the functional status of iron-ore miners based on the results of the mathematical analysis of cardiac rhythm]. PMID- 3234827 TI - [Informative value of statistical and mathematical indicators of cardiac rhythm after exposure to chemical substances]. PMID- 3234828 TI - [Problem of improving regular medical examinations]. PMID- 3234829 TI - [The role of sanitary-hygienic specialists in the certification of work places at industrial plants]. PMID- 3234830 TI - [Experience with joint work of the sanitary-epidemiologic station and the Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases in the prevention of vibration disease and occupational hearing loss in miners of Krivoi Rog]. PMID- 3234831 TI - [Problems of mass screening of oilmen on dispatcher-watchmen's duty]. PMID- 3234832 TI - [Study of the composition of gas emissions during the use of the acrylic sealant AN-lu]. PMID- 3234834 TI - [Physiologic and hygienic substantiation of shift-work schedules in combined effects of noise, local vibration and microclimate heating]. PMID- 3234833 TI - [A new light-weight respiratory]. PMID- 3234835 TI - [Effect of ascorbic acid and thiamine on the development and course of mycogenic sensitization]. PMID- 3234836 TI - [Blastomogenic and nephrotoxic effects of a petroleum product obtained from high vanadium oil at a temperature of 300-350 degrees C]. PMID- 3234837 TI - [Urinary excretion of chromium in workers in the chromium salt industry]. PMID- 3234838 TI - [The main results and prospects of the development of the physiology of work of miners in coal mines of the Donets Basin]. PMID- 3234839 TI - [Prospects of the development of studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of the effect of chemical factors in the occupational environment]. PMID- 3234840 TI - [Changes in biochemical indicators after exposure to carbon disulfide]. PMID- 3234841 TI - [The role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of chronic poisoning with phosphorus compounds]. PMID- 3234842 TI - [Experience with differentiated mass screening and treatment of workers in petrochemical plants with diseases of the liver and biliary tract]. PMID- 3234843 TI - [Biochemical evaluation of the status of the bronchopulmonary system and liver in workers engaged in the manufacture of graphite products]. PMID- 3234844 TI - [Effect of retinyl acetate and retinoic acid on twilight vision, blood indicators and immunity]. PMID- 3234845 TI - [Toxicologic parallels in the group of N-cyanoaniline derivatives]. PMID- 3234846 TI - [Toxicologic properties and the nature of the combined effect of a orthomenthane hydrocarbon mixture]. PMID- 3234847 TI - [The state of research on the late effects of chemical substances on humans]. PMID- 3234848 TI - [Chronic gastritis in patients with chronic lead poisoning in the remote period]. PMID- 3234849 TI - [Improving the method of selection and analysis of air samples to determine levels of denacyl and acenol]. PMID- 3234850 TI - [A photometric method of analysis of furfuryl alcohol in the air]. PMID- 3234851 TI - [Gas-chromatographic analysis of carboxide in the air of the work area]. PMID- 3234852 TI - [Various characteristics of the toxic effect of water-soluble phthalocyanine dyes]. PMID- 3234853 TI - [Experimental data on the effect of iodine vapors on the tissues and organs of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3234854 TI - [Substantiation of a unified hygienic standard for inorganic arsenic compounds in the air of the work area]. PMID- 3234855 TI - Electrochemical characteristics of nitro-heterocyclic compounds of biological interest. I. The influence of solvent. AB - The electrochemical properties of three nitroimidazoles, a nitropyrazole, a nitrofuran and three nitrobenzenoid compounds have been extensively investigated in a range of solvents. The reduction pathway for the nitro group is independent of the cyclic function to which it is attached, but is strongly influenced by the nature of the solvent. In aqueous media, generally, a single, irreversible 4 electron reduction occurs to give the hydroxylamine. In aprotic media (dimethylformamide, methylene chloride or dimethylsulphoxide), a reversible one electron reduction takes place to form a stable nitro radical anion. At more negative values, a further 3-electron reduction occurs, irreversibly to give the hydroxylamine. In mixed aqueous-organic systems, intermediate behaviour is found, with the reversibility of the RNO2/RNO.-2 couple increasing with addition of organic medium. The control of the reduction pathway, by changing the electrolytic medium is discussed in relation to the biological activities of the drugs and identification of the short-lived reduction intermediate responsible for DNA damage. PMID- 3234856 TI - The role of secondary messengers in the regulation of lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. AB - The effect of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C (PK-C) on lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver homogenates and microsomes was studied. PMA (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) produced a concentration dependent inhibition of LPO, which was greatly decreased by polymyxin B (PxB) (an inhibitor of PK-C). The non-active analogue of PMA, 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13 didecanoate (4 alpha-PDD) exerted no inhibitory effect. The adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin (FK) (10(-6) M) abolished the inhibitory effect of PMA on LPO. PMA and FK did not inhibit LPO in liposomes. It is suggested that LPO in biomembranes could be regulated by PK-C, whose inhibitory effect might be prevented by cAMP-dependent protein kinases. PMID- 3234857 TI - Peroxide damage to the eye lens in vitro prevention by pyruvate. AB - The ability of pyruvate to protect the eye lens against physiological damage by hydrogen peroxide has been studied. The physiological damage was estimated in terms of a decrease in the ability of the lens to transport rubidium against an electrochemical gradient under organ culture conditions. Peroxide was either added directly to the culture medium or generated therein by incorporation of xanthine and xanthine oxidase. In both these cases, addition of pyruvate to the medium led to a greater accumulation of rubidium by the lens. The net accumulation of this cation in the presence of 1 to 5 mM pyruvate from the medium containing peroxide (0.2 to 0.45 mM) was very close to that observed in the absence of peroxide. The protective effect was thus substantial. The mechanism of the pyruvate effect has been discussed, and seems to be related to the scavenging of peroxide by pyruvate. PMID- 3234858 TI - Mechanisms of hemolysis induced by copper. AB - An excess of copper is the cause of hemolysis in a number of clinical conditions. Incubation of human erythrocyte (RBC) suspensions with copper (II) causes the formation of methemoglobin, lipid peroxidation and hemolysis. A new variant of the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, which minimizes the formation of interfering chromophores, was used to detect lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation precedes hemolysis and the antioxidant vitamins C and E, which inhibit lipid peroxidation, also inhibit hemolysis. Consequently lipid peroxidation appears to be the cause of RBC destruction. Lipid peroxidation arises mostly from the oxidation of oxyhemoglobin by copper as it is inhibited in RBCs with carbon monoxyhemoglobin or methemoglobin. A direct interaction of copper with the red cell membrane seems to play only a minor role. Copper effects depend on the presence of free SH groups. Lipid peroxidation is probably initiated by activated forms of oxygen as it is increased by an inhibitor of catalase and reduced by hydroxyl radical scavengers. With higher copper concentrations hemolysis is greater: its mechanism appears different as lipid peroxidation is smaller but hemoglobin alterations, namely precipitation, are more pronounced. PMID- 3234859 TI - Superoxide dismutase activity during dimethylhydrazine colon carcinogenesis and the effects of cholic acid and indole. AB - Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,ZnSOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activities were measured in mouse large intestinal mucosa during dimethylhydrazine (DMH) carcinogenesis. Mice were divided into five groups. Group A was subcutaneously injected with DMH (20 mg/kg) weekly and fed with a diet containing 0.2% cholic acid (C) and 0.8% indole (I). Group B was injected with DMH and given indole feeding. Group C was treated with DMH injection and cholic acid feeding. Group D was given DMH injection alone. Group E was an age-matched control group given 0.9% NaCl injection. The experiment last 21 weeks. The Cu, ZnSOD activity of intestinal mucosa in group A animals began to increase significantly at the 7th week of the experiment. In groups B, C and D, however, this enzyme was not elevated statistically until the 16th week, and then each of these groups kept an increased Cu,ZnSOD level the rest of the experimental period. MnSOD activity was elevated statistically in group C animals at the 7th week. The enzyme activity in group A and D animals increased at the 9th week, but the enzyme activity did not increase statistically until the 11th week in group B. After the 16th week of the experiment the increased activity of MnSOD in all experimental groups returned to the level of the control group. Large intestinal cancer tissues had increased Cu,ZnSOD activity and decreased MnSOD activity. PMID- 3234860 TI - Vanadyl- and vanadate-induced lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and in phosphatidylcholine suspensions. AB - Vanadyl (V(IV] was found to induce rapidly developing lipid peroxidation in intact and sonicated mitochondria as well as in phosphatidylcholine suspension. The ability of vanadate (V(V] to induce lipid peroxidation was much less pronounced compared to that of vanadyl. The peroxidative action of vanadate on phosphatidylcholine much increased in the presence of NADH and ascorbate. Preincubation of vanadate with glucose had the same effect. Vanadyl-induced lipid peroxidation was not essentially influenced by SOD, catalase and ethanol but was completely inhibited by butylated hydroxytoluene. All these effects of vanadyl and vanadate are thought to participate in the insulin-like and other biological actions of vanadium. PMID- 3234861 TI - Increased lipid peroxidation in hyperthyroid patients: suppression by propylthiouracil treatment. AB - Plasma and urinary levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBAR) were determined in 24 hyperthyroid patients, 19 hypothyroid subjects, 35 controls, and 17 hyperthyroid patients before and after propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment (400 mg/day for 2-3 months), as indexes of lipid peroxidation. These measurements were carried out together with t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxygen uptake and visible chemiluminescence in erythrocytes as functional tests related to the antioxigenic capacity of cells. Hyperthyroid patients exhibited increased levels of plasma and urinary TBAR compared to controls. Erythrocyte suspensions from hyperthyroid patients showed, compared to controls, higher rates of oxygen consumption with shorter induction periods upon addition of t-BHP, together with 142% and 75% increases in basal and t-BHP-induced chemiluminescence, respectively. Levels of TBAR in untreated hyperthyroid patients in plasma (16.2 +/- 1.3 pmol/mg of protein) and urine (15.9 +/- 1.5 nmol/mg of creatinine) were decreased after PTU treatment (Plasma, 9.5 +/- 0.7, p less than 10(-4); urine, 7.8 +/- 0.9, P less than 10(-5) to values not significantly different from those of the control group (plasma, 10.3 +/- 0.6; urine, 7.9 +/- 0.7). Compared to control, elevated rates of oxygen uptake induced by t-BHP, basal and t-BHP induced chemiluminescence in erythrocyte suspensions from untreated hyperthyroid patients were reverted to normal by PTU, while decreased induction period (T0) values were enhanced. Determination of these lipid peroxidative parameters in hypothyroid patients revealed no significant changes over control values, excepted t-BHP-induced chemiluminescence in erythrocytes that was diminished. These data indicate that hyperthyroidism is associated with a pro-oxidant condition characterized by an enhancement in circulating and urinary lipid peroxidative indexes, which is suppressed by PTU treatment. It is suggested that this condition might reflect an oxidative stress at cellular level in tissues which are target for thyroid hormone action with a calorigenic response. PMID- 3234862 TI - Oxidative damage to DNA and deoxyribose by beta-lactam antibiotics in the presence of iron and copper salts. AB - beta-lactam antibiotics in the presence of certain metal ions damage deoxyribose and DNA with the release of thiobarbituric acid-reactive material. This damage can be substantially prevented by catalase, metal chelators and some scavengers of the hydroxyl radical. Ferric salts in the presence of certain beta-lactam antibiotics were effective in degrading deoxyribose but they did not appear to damage DNA. In contrast copper salts and beta-lactam antibiotics were extremely effective in damaging both DNA and deoxyribose. PMID- 3234863 TI - Copper-manganese interactions concerning red-cell and plasma lipid peroxidation. AB - Manganese decreases the formation of methemoglobin and partially inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by copper in human erythrocytes. This is followed by delay in hemolysis. Manganese also reduces lipid peroxidation induced by copper in human plasma, these effects of manganese are stronger than those of zinc, a metal which is considered to have protective effects against free radical damage. PMID- 3234864 TI - Ischaemia-reperfusion injury; current research status. Second biannual meeting of Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. March 7th-9th 1988, Point Clear, Alabama. Abstracts. PMID- 3234865 TI - [Fertilization in vitro--embryo transfer (IVF-ET). II. Secretion of progesterone, estradiol and testosterone by the "oocyte-corona radiata-cumulus" complex in the in vitro culture during in vitro fertilization]. PMID- 3234866 TI - [Fertilization in vitro--embryo transfer (IVF-ET). III. In vitro fertilization and development of human embryos]. PMID- 3234867 TI - [Fertilization in vitro--embryo transfer (IVF-ET). IV. Evaluation of sperm prepared and used for in vitro fertilization in humans]. PMID- 3234868 TI - [Fertilization in vitro--embryo transfer (IVF-ET). V. Analysis of the results of the first stage of the in vitro fertilization program of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Diseases in Bialystok]. PMID- 3234869 TI - [Effect of smoking by pregnant women on the blood serum level of vitamin C]. PMID- 3234870 TI - [Iron, copper and zinc levels in women during pregnancy. I. Evaluation of hematologic indicators and iron metabolism]. PMID- 3234871 TI - [The hemostasis system in patients with EPH gestosis]. PMID- 3234872 TI - [Cathepsin D of the amniotic fluid. I. Isolation and purification]. PMID- 3234873 TI - [Surgical treatment of women over 60 years of age]. PMID- 3234874 TI - The female factor in infertile couples treated by homologous artificial insemination. PMID- 3234875 TI - [The need of specialization training of level II obstetricians and gynecologists in subdisciplines resulting from the progress in these basic branches of medicine]. PMID- 3234876 TI - [Pronouncement of the Minister of Health and Social Welfare on May 27, 1987: "Current trends in the health care of women in Poland"]. PMID- 3234877 TI - [Blood glucose level measured on an empty stomach and the fate of pregnancies in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3234878 TI - [Pathomorphologic picture of newborn infants dying after cesarean section]. PMID- 3234879 TI - [Studies of the presence and levels of trace elements in trophoblasts from spontaneous and induced abortions]. PMID- 3234880 TI - [Gestagenic activity of the ovaries after hysterectomy]. PMID- 3234881 TI - [Vaginal biocenosis and the microbiologic status of the bladder and urethra in women with stress-induced urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3234882 TI - [Giant neurilemmoma of the small pelvis as a labor obstacle and the cause of inability to perform curettage of the uterine cavity]. PMID- 3234883 TI - [Virilizing cancer of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 3234884 TI - [Endocrine changes induced by water immersion in women with normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by EPH gestosis. II. Effect of water immersion on blood vasopressin and plasma molality]. PMID- 3234885 TI - [Induction of uterine contractions with estradiol and its effect on lactation and serum hormone level]. PMID- 3234886 TI - [Premature rupture of the fetal membranes and the incidence of respiratory insufficiency in newborn infants]. PMID- 3234887 TI - [Prostaglandin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of newborn infants with neurologic syndromes]. PMID- 3234888 TI - [Chronic stimulation of the fibrinolytic system as supplementary treatment of intrauterine fetal hypotrophy]. PMID- 3234889 TI - [Results of sphincterocystometric examination before and after surgical treatment of stress-induced urinary incontinence in women]. PMID- 3234890 TI - [Gynecologic examinations of women working in the metallurgy industry]. PMID- 3234891 TI - [In vitro fertilization from the legal viewpoint]. PMID- 3234892 TI - [The HELLP syndrome as an unfavorable course in pre-eclampsia]. PMID- 3234893 TI - [Cancer pain--a solvable problem]. PMID- 3234894 TI - [Nerve block procedures in cancer pain]. PMID- 3234895 TI - [Annual meeting of the Austrian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics. June 1988, Mayrhofen. Proceedings]. PMID- 3234896 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of females in the climacteric]. PMID- 3234898 TI - [Organization of ambulatory management of at-risk pregnancy]. PMID- 3234897 TI - [Psychological management of patients with breast cancer: an interdisciplinary approach]. PMID- 3234899 TI - [Improving obstetrics at the Linz Regional Gynecologic Clinic since 1962]. PMID- 3234900 TI - [Perinatal stress factors and sudden infant death (SIDS)]. PMID- 3234901 TI - [Primary resuscitation of the newborn infant in the obstetric clinic]. PMID- 3234902 TI - [The value of the symphysis-fundus measurement in prenatal care]. PMID- 3234903 TI - [Prevention of acidosis morbidity by "metabolism monitoring" using fetal temperature flow measurement]. PMID- 3234904 TI - [Measuring the dynamics of maternal vascular resistance for early identification of at risk pregnancies]. PMID- 3234905 TI - [Static compliance of the respiratory system following induced and spontaneous labor]. PMID- 3234906 TI - [Peripheral rheography as a screening study for chronic placental insufficiency]. PMID- 3234908 TI - [The significance of urodynamic and roentgenologic studies in the assessment of incontinence]. PMID- 3234907 TI - [Dynamic measurement of surface tension versus gas chromatography dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine analysis--a comparison of a bedside method with a highly specific surfactant analysis of the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 3234909 TI - [Clavicle fracture--etiology and prevention]. PMID- 3234910 TI - [Obstetric and neonatologic management of very low birth weight infants (VLBW)]. PMID- 3234911 TI - [Double true knot of the umbilical cord and the course of labor]. PMID- 3234912 TI - [Oxytocin stress test by breast stimulation]. PMID- 3234913 TI - [New standard curves for birth weight and length in relation to gestational age in Austria]. PMID- 3234914 TI - [Pro and contra hormonal substitution in the climacteric]. PMID- 3234915 TI - [Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen in puncture fluid of cystic ovarian tumors and ovarian cysts]. PMID- 3234916 TI - [Therapy of uterine cancer: a review]. PMID- 3234917 TI - [Anatomic and functional aspects of the female pelvic floor]. PMID- 3234918 TI - [Squamous cell carcinoma antigen--a useful tumor marker for gynecologic squamous cell cancers?]. PMID- 3234919 TI - [Mucoid carcinoma antigen--a new tumor marker]. PMID- 3234920 TI - [Abortion induction in disordered pregnancy in the 1st and 2d trimester by local and systemic administration of sulprostone]. PMID- 3234921 TI - [Homologous insemination--indications and rate of success--a review]. PMID- 3234922 TI - [Twins burned post-partum in a boiler--a rare forensic medicine case]. PMID- 3234924 TI - [The role of epidural anesthesia in breech presentation]. PMID- 3234923 TI - [Qualitative analysis of proteinuria in normal and complicated pregnancy]. PMID- 3234925 TI - [Epidural anesthesia in obstetrics at the Linz Regional Obstetric Clinic 1987]. PMID- 3234926 TI - [The course of labor following previous Cesarean section]. PMID- 3234927 TI - [Obstetrical management of status following Cesarean section at the Linz Regional Obstetric Clinic]. PMID- 3234928 TI - [Silent uterine rupture in cardiotocography]. PMID- 3234930 TI - [Twin pregnancies with intrauterine fetal death of one fetus]. PMID- 3234929 TI - [Occurrence of pregnancy despite an in situ IUD]. PMID- 3234931 TI - [Maternal plasma concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide before, during and following labor]. PMID- 3234932 TI - [Radioactive burden in the perinatal period following the reactor accident at Chernobyl]. PMID- 3234933 TI - [Comparison of clinical and urodynamic parameters before and following a sling operation for recurrent incontinence]. PMID- 3234934 TI - [Recurrent incontinence following diaphragm-plasty: the value of urodynamic studies]. PMID- 3234935 TI - [Urodynamic and viscerographic results following short-arm slingplasty]. PMID- 3234937 TI - [The concept of surgical treatment of incontinence at the Feldkirch District Hospital]. PMID- 3234936 TI - [The value of anterior colporrhaphy and colpoperineoplasty in therapy of stress incontinence]. PMID- 3234938 TI - [The significance of bladder neck optics in the surgical therapy of incontinence]. PMID- 3234939 TI - [Urodynamic and clinical results 1 year following Stamey endoscopic bladder neck suspension]. PMID- 3234940 TI - [Antibodies against the ovary in patients with sterility]. PMID- 3234941 TI - [Immunologic diagnosis in normal pregnancy and idiopathic abortion]. PMID- 3234942 TI - [Basement membrane collagen and antibodies in pregnancy]. PMID- 3234943 TI - [Urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3234944 TI - [Illness-producing and maintaining factors in anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 3234945 TI - [Endocrinologic studies in anorexia nervosa in controlled caloric intake]. PMID- 3234946 TI - [Psychosexual aspects in adnexitis]. PMID- 3234947 TI - [Denied pregnancy--obstetric and psychiatric aspects]. PMID- 3234948 TI - The role of vascular endothelial cells in hemostasis and thrombosis. PMID- 3234949 TI - [Intermediate term results of treatment with the Francobal endoprosthesis in osteoarthritis]. AB - Results one to eight years with a mean of five years after implantation of sixty Francobal-endoprostheses for total trapeziometacarpal joint replacement in fifty patients with osteoarthritis are presented. 91% of the patients achieved clinically good or very good results using a new standardized evaluation score. A worrying problem is the radiologic finding of asymptomatic lucencies in 43%, mainly around the stem component. Loosening, predominantly of the cup, has occurred in 18% and has been followed by two revision operations so far. Heavy manual work increases the risk of loosening, and such patients have to be excluded from this method. PMID- 3234950 TI - [Long-term results of endoprosthetic replacement of the scaphoid bone of the wrist joint]. AB - Eighty-nine late results (five to twelve years follow-up) of prosthetic replacement of the scaphoid bone with a silastic spacer are presented. In 76% the clinical course was uncomplicated; 24% needed secondary surgical procedures including two arthrodeses of the wrist joint. Flexion and extension of the wrist improved by 10.9%, radial and ulnar deviation by 15.0% on average. The first carpometacarpal joint showed minor restriction in 24.0%. The power grip was diminished by 32.0%, the lateral pinch by 25.0% on average. In 43.0% of the cases development or increase of intraosseous cysts was noticed, most of the patients being free of symptoms. Potential underlying factors were investigated. The silastic material seems not to have had any influence. Only slight advancement of the osteoarthritis was found and in some cases the process was arrested. The prostheses were adequately centered in 77.0%, slightly displaced in 16.0%, and dislocated in 7.0%. Change of intracarpal angles is largely complete by the fifth year. In the majority of cases signs of dorsal instability are obvious. The angle between the scaphoid and lunate is generally increased. The height of the carpus is diminished by 1.7 mm, and the distance between the trapezium and the lunate by 3.7 mm in average. A new score is presented which puts more stress on objective results and the clinical course than on complaints of the patient. Because of the predominantly good results (65%) the prosthetic replacement with a silastic spacer is favoured against other palliative techniques. PMID- 3234951 TI - [The Graner capitate interposition arthroplasty in lunate malacia]. AB - In capitate interpositional arthroplasty (Graner II) the necrotic lunate bone is removed and the congruity of the proximal carpal row is restored by interposition of the proximal half of the capitate. The carpal bones are fused except for the scaphotrapezial joint. In this fashion carpal instability can be safely treated. Good results are achieved for both grip strength and relief of pain. Motion is restricted but with a useful range of motion remaining. The arc of remaining motion can be shifted into extension through the use of an opening wedge osteotomy of the capitate. Capitate interpositional arthroplasty without an intercarpal arthrodesis has poor result because of remaining carpal instability. PMID- 3234952 TI - [Long-term results of finger joint endoprostheses of the "St. Georg" model]. AB - Long-term results of 100 cemented finger joint replacements (endoprosthesis) of the "St. Georg" design are presented. Good reduction in pain and swelling was noted. There was only a little improvement in motion of the replaced metacarpophalangeal joint, but more in the proximal interphalangeal joint; the latter decreasing from radial to ulnar. Approximately one half of the preoperative ulnar deviation was corrected. Mechanical failures occurred in approximately 30% of the implants. Without changing the design, this demanding technique cannot be recommended routinely. PMID- 3234953 TI - [Reconstruction of metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints with endoprostheses following injuries]. AB - Implants have been used since 1969 by the authors for the replacement of damaged finger joints following trauma. In several cases reconstruction of other damaged tissues in the same finger was also performed. A method is described for replacement of the central slip of the extensor tendon over the PIP joint. Analysis of twenty-one MP and sixty-eight PIP endoprostheses placed in eighty three patients until 1979 is given. Significant improvement in the range of movement is seen. Preoperative pain was relieved in all cases. There was a need to change occupation in ten percent of patients. Careful analysis of early and late complications calls attention to the proper selection of patients for surgery. PMID- 3234954 TI - Clinical and experimental studies on ulnar ray deficiency. AB - Thirteen cases with ulnar ray deficiency and thirty-three cases with radial ray deficiency were analysed. The differences of these two anomalies are not only affected parts, but also clinical features. The severity of absence of the fingers in ulnar deficiency was classified into five types. The degree of ulnar arrest was closely related to the severity of deficiency of the fingers and also to abnormalities of the elbow joint. Ulnar deficiency was induced by myleran in rat fetuses. The features of ulnar ray deficiency in rats were the same as in humans. The critical period of ulnar deficiency was earlier than that of other anomalies and it corresponds to the period of a high mortality rate of fetuses. This could be the reason why ulnar deficiency does not appear as often as other anomalies. PMID- 3234956 TI - [Can skin texture serve as a guide in the course and variation of the median nerve?]. AB - Human palms and soles are textured with skin different to that of the other body surface. Instead of sebaceous glands or hairs, there are sweat glands opening into the epidermal ridges. This is only common in primates. For a long time, a connection between dermatoglyphics and medical disorders has been known, but anatomic investigations are rare. In this study, the relationship between anatomic variations of the median nerve and dermatoglyphic patterns is explored. PMID- 3234955 TI - [The neurovascular pedicled abductor digiti minimi muscle flap for covering the median nerve or its branches]. AB - The authors report two cases in which a damaged median nerve or its branches were covered with an abductor digiti minimi muscle flap. This muscle has enough volume to protect the critical region of a damaged nerve at the wrist against stress by pressure. PMID- 3234957 TI - [Anatomic variants as a rare cause of distal ulnar nerve compression]. AB - A case of anatomical variation of the course and branching of the ulnar nerve causing a nerve compression syndrome at the wrist joint is described. Decompression and transposition as well as tenotomy of the flexor carpi ulnaris were carried out, followed by improvement in neurological findings and complaints. PMID- 3234958 TI - [Desert black snake bites]. PMID- 3234959 TI - [Complications following parenteral administration of oral methadone solution]. PMID- 3234960 TI - [Osteoporotic crush fracture causing spinal cord compression]. PMID- 3234962 TI - [Spontaneous chylous ascites in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3234961 TI - [Anisocoria following use of the scopoderm disc]. PMID- 3234963 TI - [Villous adenoma of the stomach]. PMID- 3234964 TI - [Postoperative acute cholecystitis--review of experience in Israel and abroad]. PMID- 3234965 TI - [Poliomyelitis in Israel--clinico-epidemiological aspects and future outlook]. PMID- 3234966 TI - [The primary and the secondary in the pediatrician's examination]. PMID- 3234967 TI - [Fraud in science and medicine]. PMID- 3234968 TI - [Tuberculous neuritis]. PMID- 3234969 TI - [Progressive neuromuscular syndrome in survivors of poliomyelitis]. PMID- 3234970 TI - [Cellular changes after laser therapy in mild uterine cervical dysplasia]. PMID- 3234971 TI - [Treatment of inoperable carcinoma of the head of the pancreas]. PMID- 3234972 TI - [Multiple myeloma complicating rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3234973 TI - [The physician's response to refusal of chemotherapy by cancer patients]. PMID- 3234974 TI - [Retroperitoneal duodenal injury due to blunt abdominal trauma]. PMID- 3234975 TI - [Sex identification of female athletes]. PMID- 3234976 TI - [Importance of prevention and early detection of second primary neoplasms]. PMID- 3234977 TI - [Letter to a colostomy patient]. PMID- 3234978 TI - Action of praziquantel on calcium transport in Hymenolepis diminuta. AB - Effect of praziquantel on inward and outward Ca++ fluxes was investigated in Hymenolepis diminuta in glucose supplemented balanced electrolyte solution and under conditions of glucose/Mg++ deficiency. The 45Ca++ uptake in freshly isolated worms presented, generally, a biphasic kinetics. This comprised of an initial fast uptake phase, followed by a continued slower influx. The initial fast kinetics showed insensitivity to or slight stimulation by praziquantel depending on its concentration, and such stimulatory action was particularly prominent under Mg++ deficient condition (P less than 0.01). The subsequent slower 45Ca++ uptake was, however, markedly inhibited by the drug under both these conditions (P less than 0.01). Glucose starvation of the worms resulted in abolition of the fast 45Ca++ influx phase and uniform inhibition by the praziquantel without any indication of initial stimulatory effect (P less than 0.01). The extrusion of 45Ca++ from the label preloaded worms was stimulated by praziquantel under all the conditions investigated (P less than 0.01). PMID- 3234979 TI - Ultrastructure of the excretory system of Brachylaimus aequans (Trematoda: Brachylaimoidea). AB - The ultrastructure of the flame cell, excretory capillaries, ducts, collecting ducts, excretory bladder, and excretory pore of Brachylaimus aequans was studied 6-8 days p.i. The excretory ducts, collecting ducts and excretory bladder are provided with numerous lamellae on the luminal side. The cilia of lateral flames in the excretory ducts have a triated rootlet. The excretory pore is covered by a tegument identical with the body tegument. The syncytium of the excretory bladder is connected with the tegument of the excretory pore by means of a septate desmosome. No lipid or excretory corpuscles have been demonstrated in the excretory system. PMID- 3234980 TI - A note on methodology applied in the laboratory breeding of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. PMID- 3234981 TI - Analogous cases of Lyme disease. PMID- 3234982 TI - Development of social grooming between mother and offspring in wild chimpanzees. AB - Grooming between female chimpanzees and their offspring was studied in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Infants under 2 years of age rarely groomed their mothers, and mostly groomed accessible parts of their mother's bodies, if they did so. Most older adolescents reciprocated grooming with their mothers almost equally. Daughters appeared to mature socially earlier than sons, judging from the earlier ages at which a female infant began to groom her mother, groom mutually with her, and groom others. Weaning infants groomed their mothers more when they were in oestrus than when they were not. Development of the use of grooming as a means of social manoeuvring is discussed. PMID- 3234983 TI - Curvature of the lumbar spine as a consequence of mechanical necessities in Japanese macaques trained for bipedalism. AB - If trained to walk bipedally at a juvenile age and over periods of some months or years, Japanese monkeys gradually acquire a pronounced lordosis of the lumbar spine. This lordosis persists even in the 'normal', pronograde posture of these animals. It is due to a relative increase of the ventral lengths of the vertebral bodies. This morphological change is clearly an adaptation to the mechanical necessities of the upright body posture. Our result is in complete accordance with the development of a lordosis in human children between 1 and 5 years, as described recently by others. PMID- 3234984 TI - A taxonomic revision of the small catarrhine primates from the early Miocene of East Africa. AB - This paper presents a detailed systematic revision of the small catarrhine primates from the early Miocene of East Africa, recovered from sites in Western Kenya and in Uganda dated at between 22 and 17 m.y. Revised diagnoses and amended hypodigms for each of the species are presented. In addition to the currently identified taxa, Limnopithecus legetet Hopwood, 1933, Dendropithecus macinnesi (Le Gros Clark and Leakey, 1950) and Micropithecus clarki Fleagle and Simons, 1978, two further species are recognized. Limnopithecus evansi (MacInnes, 1943) is resurrected as a valid species, based primarily on previously described material from Songhor, and a new genus, Kalepithecus, is described here for the first time, in order to accommodate distinctive material from Songhor and Koru. The distribution of each species in time and space, and the phylogenetic relationships, are discussed in the light of this taxonomic revision. PMID- 3234985 TI - Speaker race identification of North American Indian children. PMID- 3234986 TI - Evidence of coarticulation in Arabic. PMID- 3234987 TI - [The assessment of quantitative speaking voice production. The speaking voice field in the singing voice field]. PMID- 3234988 TI - Multiple perceptions of word relationships: evidence of adolescent competence. PMID- 3234989 TI - [Personal experiences with naturopathy. Geriatrics between ginkgo and ginseng]. PMID- 3234990 TI - [Practical experiences with personal blood pressure measurement. Interview by B. Schalhorn]. PMID- 3234991 TI - [Personal blood pressure measurement--more often erroneous than right?]. PMID- 3234992 TI - [Smoking behavior in Lubeck. Results of the Lubeck blood pressure study]. PMID- 3234993 TI - [Gentamycin impregnated collagen fleece. A report of experiences]. PMID- 3234994 TI - [Fish oil preparations. Composition, general evaluation and possibilities for use]. PMID- 3234995 TI - [Pregnancy as a doping measure? Dangerous development in high performance sports]. PMID- 3234996 TI - ["We have a high research potential." Prof. Dr. med. H. D. Schlumberger, Bayer, and Dr. E. Schrinner, Hoechst, interpret the cooperation of both companies in AIDS research. Interview by T. U. Keil]. PMID- 3234998 TI - [Danger of cancer development by small doses of radiation is not appreciated enough. Linear dose-response relation is confirmed--sensitivity to small doses- limit values too high by a factor of 10]. PMID- 3234997 TI - [Pharmacokinetic aspects of the Valoron-N principle. Balanced pharmacokinetics of nortilidine and naloxone]. PMID- 3234999 TI - [Gastrointestinal diseases: patients ask the expert. Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis--1]. PMID- 3235000 TI - [Diagnosis of injuries of the knee joint. The practical significance of imaging procedures]. PMID- 3235001 TI - [The significance of diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy]. PMID- 3235002 TI - [AIDS. Central nervous system damage in HIV infected children]. PMID- 3235003 TI - [AIDS. High reliability of HIV tests]. PMID- 3235004 TI - [Gastrointestinal diseases: patients ask the expert. Surgical possibilities in Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis--2]. PMID- 3235005 TI - [The person at the center. Group therapy--7]. PMID- 3235006 TI - [Nutrition counseling in the physicians office. Service cooperation with diet specialists]. PMID- 3235007 TI - [Automated ST segment analysis in the long-term ECG. A solution in the detection of silent myocardial ischemia?]. PMID- 3235008 TI - [Home-monitoring in children at risk for sudden infant death syndrome. A comparative study of 5 apnea mattresses without cables]. PMID- 3235009 TI - [Meningoencephalitis in AIDS. Cave reduction of azidothymidine dose]. PMID- 3235010 TI - [Heart valve replacement in acute infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 3235011 TI - [Pericardial valves--excellent hemodynamics, poor long-term results]. PMID- 3235012 TI - [Nitrendipine in patients with coronary disease and hypertension. Acute and long term effects on hemodynamics and myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 3235013 TI - [Prevention of HIV infections in surgery]. PMID- 3235014 TI - [Salt and hypertension: results of the Intersalt study]. PMID- 3235016 TI - [AIDS. The sense and purpose of mass screening is still a problem]. PMID- 3235015 TI - [Hypersensitivity angiitis following allopurinol therapy]. PMID- 3235017 TI - [AIDS. Passive immunoneutralization in AIDS is unsuccessful]. PMID- 3235018 TI - [Diastematomyelia in adulthood]. AB - A case of a 43-year-old female patient with a diastematomyelia from T11 to L4 is reported. The correct diagnosis was only made in adulthood, although clinical symptoms had been present since childhood. This case is compared with the few other cases known in the literature. The combination of myelography, CT and NMR proved to be most valuable for making this diagnosis. PMID- 3235019 TI - [Intracranial space-occupying processes in psychiatry--30 years' of clinico neuropathologic catamnesis]. AB - Despite declining frequency of postmortem examinations in mental hospitals no corresponding decline in the proportion of intracranial space-occupying lesions is observed in a 30-years retrospective study. 77.5% of these lesions were meningiomas, gliomas, metastases, and subdural haematomas. 70.4% of all 71 patients had major psychiatric abnormalities during the clinical course. In 58% of these patients no clinical diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying process was made. Reasons for the diagnostic delay and for the postmortem results are discussed. The significance of psychopathological change in the group of long term residents in mental hospitals is stressed. PMID- 3235020 TI - [Senile osteoporosis]. PMID- 3235021 TI - [Effect of troponin and troponin T1 on the iodination of tyrosyl residues of alpha-tropomyosin]. PMID- 3235022 TI - [The origin of renal galactosylceramide in the twitcher mouse, an animal model of human globoid cell leukodystrophy]. PMID- 3235023 TI - [Patients with infectious disease. Risk to dentist and possibilities for prevention]. PMID- 3235024 TI - Human sperm nuclei can transform into condensed chromosomes in Xenopus egg extracts. AB - The conditions necessary for inducing pronucleus formation and chromosome condensation of human sperm nuclei were studied using Xenopus egg extracts. When lysolecithin (LC)-and dithiothreitol (DTT)-treated spermatozoa were incubated with egg extract prepared with an extraction medium containing 10 mM EGTA, sperm nuclei transformed into chromosomes, bypassing the pronuclear stage. On the contrary, LC-DTT-treated spermatozoa incubated in egg extract without EGTA mimicked LC-permeabilized Xenopus spermatozoa in that they underwent pronucleus formation accompanied by DNA synthesis and subsequent chromosome condensation in the correct chronological order. These observations suggest the importance of intracellular calcium for regulating the states of nuclear chromatin. LC permeabilized human spermatozoa were not responsive to the egg extract without any additives, but formed pronuclei when incubated with the egg extract supplemented with 5-10 mM DTT. However, subsequent chromosome condensation of sperm nucleus did not occur in the DTT extract. This suggests that disulfide reducing agent blocks transformation of sperm pronuclei into condensed chromosomes. PMID- 3235025 TI - Ultrastructural studies of the early events of the human sperm acrosome reaction as initiated by human follicular fluid. AB - It has been suggested that the morphology of the human sperm acrosome reaction (AR) is markedly different from that of other mammalian sperm. The present study examines the fine structural events of the early stages of the human sperm AR as initiated by preovulatory human follicular fluid. Human sperm, capacitated in vitro for 6 hr at 40 degrees C (90% motility) were diluted with equal volumes of follicular fluid before fixing in cacodylate-buffered glutaraldehyde at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 180 sec. Fixed sperm were treated with either tannic acid or thiocarbohydrazine and OsO4. Over 2,000 sperm were viewed. By 5 sec, 2% of the sperm had initiated the AR. By 15 sec, 8% of the sperm were in some stage of the reaction, and after 180 sec 40% of the sperm had completed the acrosome reaction. The initial stages of the human AR are characterized by a swelling or decondensation of the acrosomal matrix. The fusion between the plasma membrane and outer acrosomal membrane begins at the most anterior tip of the head and progresses toward the equatorial segment. Fusion and fenestration ended at the equatorial segment. With thiocarbohydrazine + OsO4 fixation the fused membranes are distinct hybrid vesicles with the outer acrosomal membrane being far more electron dense. The acrosomal matrix is retained by 20 sec, but by 180 sec the matrix is completely dispersed, even when viewed after tannic acid fixation. Also by 180 sec, vesicles were being progressively lost. It is therefore concluded that the morphology of the human sperm AR, as initiated by human follicular fluid, is not unique, but is similar to that described for other mammalian sperm. PMID- 3235026 TI - Partial characterization of a fraction from human follicular fluid that initiates the human sperm acrosome reaction in vitro. AB - A human follicular fluid (HFF) fraction prepared by Sephadex G-75 column chromatography has been previously shown by this laboratory to initiate the human sperm acrosome reaction (AR) in vitro. In the present report, the apparent molecular weight (MW) of this AR activity determined by a longer G-75 column than was used in the previous work was 50,000 +/- 5,106. The G-75 Sephadex void volume fractions of some but not all HFF samples were also found to contain some AR initiating activity. The occasional void volume activity was less potent than that of the 50,000 MW fraction and was not studied further. Further characterization of the 50,000 MW fraction was carried out. A time-course study demonstrated that maximum AR were obtained within 5 min following the addition of the 50,000 MW fraction. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by silver staining revealed that the 50,000 MW fraction was still a relatively crude preparation. Treatment of the 50,000 MW fraction with chloroform:methanol did not extract the AR-initiating activity into the lipid phase. The AR-initiating activity of the untreated 50,000 MW fraction was precipitated when it was boiled, but the activity was partially resistant to boiling after overnight incubation. Treatment of the 50,000 MW fraction with pronase E or with several glycosaminoglycan hydrolases did not destroy the activity. Pronase treatment resulted in a higher amount of boiling-resistant AR initiating activity. The AR-initiating activity of the untreated 50,000 MW fraction was partially dialyzable, but the activity of an undialyzed fraction did not pass through an ultrafiltration membrane with a 10,000 MW cut-off. However, treatment of the 50,000 MW fraction with protease, peptide:N-glycosidase F, and to a lesser extent chondroitinase ABC yielded an active lower MW activity which could pass through such an ultrafiltration membrane. The lower MW activity released by peptide:N-glycosidase F eluted in the included volume (5,000-1,000) of a Sephadex G-25 column. Neutral hexose but not protein or peptide was detected in the G-25 peak of AR-initiating activity. These results suggest that the AR initiating activity present in the 50,000 MW fraction of HFF: 1) is present either as two different AR factors (a high-MW factor and a low-MW, noncovalently bound factor) or as a single factor responsible for both the nondialyzable and dialyzable AR-initiating activities (the latter being enzymatically released from the former), and 2) may be at least partially associated with N-linked oligosaccharides of a glycoprotein or proteoglycan. PMID- 3235027 TI - Intracellular pH change does not appear as a prerequisite for triggering activation of Barnea candida (Mollusca, Pelecypoda) oocytes. AB - Barnea candida oocytes, exposed to excess KCl, ammonia, or digitonin, exhibit germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and reinitiate meiosis, at least up to first polar body extrusion. While we confirm that KCl- but not ammonia-induced activation required external calcium, our findings that digitonin is effective at any pH from 6 to 8, in the presence of calcium, while the phorbol ester TPA and diacylglycerol fail to reinitiate meiosis, strongly suggests calcium as the main trigger for this process. Preliminary experiments using the fluorescent probes fluorescein diacetate and Quin 2/AM show, moreover, that KCl and ammonia produce both an intracellular calcium surge (30 nM) and a slight alkalinization of the intracellular cytoplasm from 7.84 to 8.05. PMID- 3235028 TI - Effect of in vitro storage of bovine spermatozoa on acrosomal integrity, proteolytic activity, binding, and initiation of penetration of oocytes. AB - During a 10-day 5 degrees C storage and subsequent 4-6-hr 37 degrees C incubation, both percent live spermatozoa and percent spermatozoa with an intact acrosome decreased, and percent spermatozoa with a late-reacted or without an acrosome increased. When stored spermatozoa were mixed with oocytes, no decrease in percent of oocytes with spermatozoa bound or percent of oocytes with spermatozoa starting to penetrate occurred as storage time increased. A 58% decrease in acrosin gelatinolytic activity and a 56% decrease in acrosin esterolytic activity but no decrease in nonacrosin proteolytic activity were evident over the 10-day storage. These studies show that a change in acrosomal morphology as well as a loss of acrosin may be responsible for the decreased fertility following extended in vitro storage of mammalian spermatozoa. PMID- 3235029 TI - Egg-penetration ability and structural properties of human sperm prepared by Percoll-gradient centrifugation. AB - Human sperm with a high zona-free hamster egg-penetration ability were obtained by centrifuging freshly ejaculated sperm through a discontinuous two-step (47% and 90%) Percoll gradient at 600g at room temperature for 30 min. Highly motile sperm with good penetration ability were recovered in the pellet fraction (Per sperm), whereas those with low penetration ability were in the gradient interface. The increased penetration ability of Per-sperm, as compared to sperm capacitated by other methods such as a single-tube swim-up or multiple-tube swim up preparation, was not due to an increased proportion of acrosome reacted sperm. Rather, transmission electron microscopy indicated that Per-sperm were devoid of coating envelopes, which were present around both the head and tail regions of noncapacitated and single-tube swim-up sperm. Changes to the surface of Per-sperm were demonstrated by their decreased interaction with UEA I lectin, which binds specifically to fucose residues. Removal of the coating envelopes as well as other changes on the sperm surface may lead to an enhanced binding of Per-sperm to the oocyte. In addition, 99% of Per-sperm contained chromatin that was fully condensed. By contrast, about 15% of swim-up sperm still possessed incompletely condensed chromatin. With a higher penetration ability, "clean" appearance, and homogeneity of condensed chromatin, Per-sperm are recommended for insemination and studies of human sperm capacitation. PMID- 3235030 TI - Attempted sexing of bovine spermatozoa by fractionation on a Percoll density gradient. AB - Bovine spermatozoa were fractionated on Percoll density gradients into two major subpopulations of motile spermatozoa and a minor fraction containing mostly nonmotile spermatozoa with abnormal morphology. Fractionation required the addition of bovine serum albumin and a continuous Percoll gradient buffered with sodium bicarbonate. It is postulated that, under suitable ionic conditions, the binding of bovine serum albumin to spermatozoa amplifies subtle differences between subpopulations. These studies were directed toward separating Y- and X bearing spermatozoa. However, when the subpopulations were evaluated by flow cytometry, their Y:X ratios were similar to that of an unfractionated control. PMID- 3235031 TI - Actin synthesis is not regulated by granulosa cells in mouse growing and preovulatory oocytes. AB - The synthesis and intracellular distribution of actin were studied in isolated dictyate and metaphase II mouse oocytes by 1) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of newly synthetized oocyte protein and 2) cytochemical F-actin labeling by fluorescent phalloidin. Unpermeabilized, fully grown oocytes bound phalloidin intensely at the level of the zona pellucida (ZP), such ZP-associated actin representing a significant portion of total actin found in these cells. In contrast, phalloidin binding to ZP was very low in growing oocytes and was undetectable in ovulated, metaphase II eggs. When ZP-associated actin of fully grown oocytes was removed by prolongedly exposing oocytes to alpha chymotrypsin, the amount of newly synthesized actin displayed by cumulus-enclosed oocytes was reduced to a level comparable to that shown by oocytes isolated from granulosa cells. We demonstrate that ZP-associated actin belongs to granulosa cell processes that remain within the ZP as a consequence of oocyte isolation procedures. We conclude that actin synthesis of mouse oocytes is not regulated by granulosa cells. PMID- 3235032 TI - Cholesterol efflux from bovine sperm. I. Induction of the acrosome reaction with lysophosphatidylcholine after reducing sperm cholesterol. AB - Methods were developed to quantitatively reduce the cholesterol (Chol)/phospholipid (PL) ratio of bovine sperm and to determine the effectiveness of this treatment in capacitating sperm. Washed sperm (2 x 10(8)) were incubated in 1.0 ml of modified Tyrode's solution (TS) containing unilamellar liposomes of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and [14C]-Chol (35:35:30 molar ratio, 300 nmol total PL). [3H]-triolein was included as a nonexchangeable marker. After 90 min at 39 degrees C, a 13% net exchange of [14C]-Chol from liposomes to sperm was observed (n = 4), and sperm motility was 80%. Sperm were then washed and 50 x 10(6) sperm were incubated as before with PC/PE liposomes containing no Chol. After 90 min, sperm were separated from liposomes by centrifugation. Measurement of [14C]-Chol in the liposomes (supernatant) and parallel gas chromatographic analysis of extracted, saponified liposomes (n = 4) indicated that 30% of sperm Chol was removed by this procedure. Chol efflux decreased percent motile sperm by less than 10% but reduced sperm velocity by more than 50%. Sperm incubated with no liposomes (control), with liposomes containing Chol (+Chol), and with Chol-free liposomes (-Chol) were washed and resuspended in TS with 0.2% BSA and 30 micrograms lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)/mg bovine serum albumin (BSA). Percent sperm undergoing the acrosome reaction (AR) upon incubation with LPC-BSA was used as a measure of sperm capacitation. After 60 min of exposure to LPC-BSA at 39 degrees C, the mean (+/- SE) percent motile sperm for control, +Chol, and -Chol treatments was 57.0 +/- 4.9, 60.0 +/- 4.7, and 57.0 +/- 6.8, respectively. Corresponding values for percent AR were 14.0 +/- 3.4, 20.3 +/- 4.4, and 39.7 +/- 1.2. These results suggest that loss of Chol from bovine sperm may be an early step in sperm capacitation in this species. PMID- 3235033 TI - Apparent densities of spermatozoa of various mammalian species. AB - The apparent densities of sperm cells in several mammalian species were determined by means of Percoll density-gradient centrifugation. Semen samples were obtained from (1) ejaculates from the bull, human, and rabbit, and (2) from the cauda epididymis of the goat, golden hamster, house musk shrew, mastomys, and mouse. The profiles of sperm distribution showed a single peak after the centrifugation in the first group and goat, whereas two separate main peaks in the second group (except goat). This disparity in sperm distribution profiles may be due mainly to differences in the degree of maturity of the sperm. Highly motile and mature sperm were obtained at higher densities, whereas immotile or immature sperm were found at the apparent densities. Thus, in mammals, the profiles of sperm distribution in the Percoll density gradient are classified into two types, those with a single peak and those with two separate peaks. The apparent density of sperm cells may be of importance in sperm physiology. PMID- 3235034 TI - Xenopus spermatozoon: correlation between shape and motility. AB - Xenopus spermatozoa have a characteristic corkscrew-shaped head and a flagellum with a conventional "9 + 2" structure (Bernardini et al.: J Ultrastruct Md Struct Res: 94:188-194. They are motile in water and media of low osmolarities, but not in media of osmolarities higher than 200 mosm/liter, regardless of the ionic composition. External calcium and pH are not involved in the inhibition of sperm movement at high osmolarities. The duration of sperm motion was less than 10 min, and both flagellar beat frequencies and sperm velocities declined progressively. However, in demembranated and reactivated tails, flagellar beating was sustained for longer times. Flagella propagated three-dimensional waves that induced a spinning motion of the whole spermatozoon. This pattern of movement is not dependent on the shape of the sperm head, since isolated, reactivated flagella exhibited three-dimensional waves. PMID- 3235035 TI - Effect of follicle somatic cells during pig oocyte maturation on egg penetrability and male pronucleus formation. AB - In order to investigate the effect of the somatic cells of the follicle on the preparation of the oocyte for fertilization three experiments were carried out. In the first, pig oocytes, cultured for 46 h in the presence of extroverted follicles (follicle oocytes) or surrounded by the cumulus (cumulus oocytes), were exposed to sperm in an in vitro fertilization system. Follicle oocytes showed a higher rate of fertilization than that recorded in cumulus oocytes (80% vs. 47%). In addition, significantly more sperm penetrated into the ooplasm of follicular oocytes (3.77/egg) than into that of cumulus oocytes (1.42/egg). To investigate the reason for the observed fertilization difference zona-free oocytes were studied in the second experiment. Significantly more spermatozoa were recorded in the ooplasm of follicle oocytes than in that of cumulus oocytes, thus suggesting that the effect of the follicle on fertilizability may partly depend on an action on the plasma membrane of the oocyte. A further effect of the follicular tissue was on cytoplasmic maturation: only follicular oocytes were capable of consistently promoting male pronucleus formation. In cumulus oocytes, sperm that entered the cytoplasm remained in a condensed form near the female pronucleus. In the third experiment cumulus oocytes and denuded oocytes were matured in medium that had been previously used to mature follicle oocytes. This conditioned medium was alone able to affect sperm penetration and male pronucleus formation in cumulus oocytes, but it did not exert any influence on denuded oocytes. This suggests that the observed effect of the follicle is mediated by soluble factors that, however, cannot influence the oocyte without some direct cell-oocyte contract. PMID- 3235037 TI - Studies of stallion sperm survival: preservation of progressive motility of stallion spermatozoa by low ionic strength media. AB - Preservation of stallion sperm forward motility was studied using a video recording system in semen diluted with media of different ionic strength and sodium content. After 8 hr of incubation at room temperature, semen diluted in a low ionic strength media containing sucrose displayed 65 +/- 9% motility with 68 +/- 3% of the motile sperm showing forward motility (diameter of head trajectory greater than or equal to 80 microns). In contrast, sperm populations diluted and incubated with a normal ionic strength media containing sodium had 56 +/- 7% motile sperm of which only 36 +/- 7% displayed forward progression. Replacement of the sodium ion in the normal ionic strength media by a different cation (choline) produced results similar to those of the media containing high sodium concentration. These results indicate that the preservation of stallion sperm progressive motility is highly dependent on the ionic strength of the media. Membrane depolarization caused by the replacement of ions by noncharged particles in the sperm's external medium might be responsible for the sustained coordination of the flagellar movements. PMID- 3235036 TI - Identification of sterol acceptors that stimulate cholesterol efflux from human spermatozoa during in vitro capacitation. AB - The nature of cholesterol-binding proteins acting upon human spermatozoa during in vitro capacitation was determined by measuring the efflux of [3H]cholesterol and of [3H]cholesteryl sulfate from labeled spermatozoa. Efflux of [3H]sterols was stimulated when the labeled gametes were incubated in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with female serum or follicular fluid. Upon centrifugation of capacitated spermatozoa and application of the supernatant to density-gradient ultracentrifugation for lipoprotein analysis, both [3H]cholesterol and [3H]cholesteryl sulfate were found to be carried by very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), as well as the albumin fraction (d greater than 1.21) in serum. When the capacitation medium was supplemented with follicular fluid, the [3H]sterols were bound to HDL's and to the albumin fraction; when the latter fraction was analysed by molecular sieve chromatography, 60-70% of the radioactivity eluted in fractions with a mean molecular weight corresponding to that of human serum albumin. Sperm cholesterol efflux was also stimulated when serum or follicular fluid was added to a simplified medium (50 mM Tris-HCl, 0.56% NaCl, pH 7.8); efflux of [3H]cholesterol from labeled gametes progressed in a time-dependent manner, but was low in the absence of serum components. The [3H]cholesterol/cholesterol ratios were higher in the albumin and HDL fractions, indicating some degree of specificity of these sterol acceptors. It was observed that follicular fluid albumin has a [3H]sterol binding capacity that is 2-3-fold higher than that of serum albumin. Commercial human serum albumin also promoted sperm cholesterol efflux. These results provide new information concerning those components of follicular fluid which may play a role in human sperm capacitation and provide further support for the concept that loss of cholesterol from the sperm plasma membrane is an important component of the capacitation process. PMID- 3235038 TI - Sperm tail differentiation in the nudibranch mollusc Hypselodoris tricolor (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia). AB - The sperm axoneme of Hypselodoris tricolor forms from a single centriole that is located initially beneath the plasma membrane and then migrates to the nuclear surface. A conspicuous centriolar adjunct-like formation is present in the neck of midspermatids, but it becomes very reduced at the end of spermiogenesis. In spermatocyte and spermatid mitochondria, intracristal bodies originate from the accumulation of a dense material in some cristae. From our observations and foregoing reports, it may be concluded that the process of sperm tail differentiation in opisthobranchs resembles that in pulmonates, whereas it differs in many respects from that occurring in prosobranchs. The appearance of intracristal bodies in modified mitochondria seems to be a special feature of spermatogenesis in the opisthobranchs that does not occur in the two other groups of gastropod molluscs. PMID- 3235039 TI - Binding of chemotactic peptide to the outer surface and to whole human spermatozoa with different affinity states. AB - Binding of N-formyl-methionyl-L-leucyl-[3H]phenylalanine (fML[3H]Ph) to human ejaculated spermatozoa and to its isolated plasma membrane was studied. Our data confirm the presence of specific receptors for f-MLPh in the human spermatozoa and suggest that whole spermatozoa receptors exist in two affinity states, one high-affinity, low-capacity specific receptor (Kd = 12.3 +/- 0.5 nM, n = 22,285 +/- 65,008 binding sites per sperm cell) and a second one (Kd = 700 +/- 47 nM) that is not saturable, indicating a low-affinity, high-capacity nonspecific site. In contrast, sperm membrane showed only one class of binding site (Kd = 6.4 +/- 0.12 nM), which was statistically different from that of the high-affinity binding site of intact spermatozoa. To explain this difference we discuss the possibility that first, the two binding affinities represent two interconvertible states of a single receptor population, which, depending on the metabolic activity of spermatozoa, may change its physicochemical properties; or second, they reflect two different processes, binding and/or transport into the spermatozoa. PMID- 3235040 TI - Cytogenetic study of parthenogenetically activated bovine oocytes matured in vivo and in vitro. AB - Three experiments were performed to evaluate the potential for parthenogenetic activation of bovine oocytes in in vitro fertilization systems and to determine the chromosome complement of the resulting parthenogenotes. In the first experiment, immature oocytes from slaughtered cattles were matured in vitro in Defined Medium (DM) for 24 h to simulate in vitro fertilization conditions. Subsequently, a portion was fixed, and the remainder were transferred to rabbit oviducts. Oocytes were then cultured for 6-8 h or for 24 h with Colcemid present during the last 6 to 8 h and fixed on slides and examined. In the second experiment, mature oocytes were collected from the preovulatory follicles, and the oocytes were subjected to the same culture as in experiment I. In the third experiment, oocytes were treated as in experiment II, except that instead of transfer to rabbit oviducts, they were cultured an additional 48 h in vitro. In experiment I, 131 oocytes were fixed after culture in DM. Of the 79 oocytes analyzed in the pre-rabbit group, 71 (90%) were at the second meiotic metaphase (MII), and 8 (10%) were at pre-MII stage; none were activated. After transfer to rabbits, 291 were fixed. Of these, 80 were analyzed; 37 (46.3%) were MII, 7 (8.6%) were pre-MII, and 36 (45%) were activated. Of the 36 activated oocytes, 26 (72.2%) were haploid, 4 (11.1%) were diploid, 1 (12.8%) was tetraploid, and 5 (13.8%) were in the process of endoreduplication. In experiment II, 51 oocytes were fixed after culture in DM of which 36 (70.6%) could be analyzed; 30 (83.3%) were MII, and 6 (16.7%) were pre-MII. After culture in the rabbit, 68 were fixed of which 27 (39.7%) could be analyzed. Of these 27, 20 (74.1%) were MII, and 7 (25.9%) were activated; 6 were haploid, and 1 was endoreduplicating. In experiment III, 30 oocytes were fixed at the end of the culture period; only 10 could be analyzed of which 8 (80%) were MII and 2 (20%) were pre-MII. In all, 46% of in vitro and 26% of in vivo matured oocytes were activated, based on chromosomal analysis. Of those activated, the majority (74.4%) were haploid, suggesting that activation occurs at or after completion of MII. Endoreduplication appears to be one of the mechanisms leading to the formation of diploid and polyploid parthenogenotes. PMID- 3235041 TI - Fertilization cone formation in starfish oocytes: the role of the egg cortex actin microfilaments in sperm incorporation. AB - The process of sperm incorporation into starfish (Asterias amurensis) oocytes was examined by electron and fluorescence microscopy. The fertilization cone began to form at the place where the acrosomal process fused with the egg surface and developed into an inverted conical mass containing a small amount of electron dense cytoplasm. Microfilaments, which stained with NBD-phallacidin, were detected in the fertilization cone. Microvillar protrusions from the fully grown fertilization cone engulfed the sperm head outside the fertilization membrane. The sperm organelles were incorporated into the egg cortex with the absorption of the protrusions. Cytochalasin B inhibited sperm incorporation, fertilization cone formation, and actin filament organization. It is suggested that the development and reduction of the fertilization cone, which depend on the functioning of microfilaments, are necessary for sperm incorporation in starfish. PMID- 3235042 TI - Classification, inhibition, and specificity studies of the vitelline coat lysin from toad sperm. AB - The sonicated supernatant of the sperm of the toad, Bufo japonicus, can digest easily the vitelline coat (VC) of uterine eggs, and to a lesser extent the VC of coelomic eggs, but not that of activated eggs. The VC lysis and fertilization were competitively inhibited in the presence of t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-Gln-L-Arg-L Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (Boc-Gln-Arg-Arg-MCA), suggesting the involvement of proteases in the fertilization process. Starting from a sonicated supernatant, a potent VC lysin, possessing hydrolytic activity on Boc-Gln-Arg-Arg-MCA, was obtained by anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The activity of the partially purified lysin was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and by such trypsin inhibitors as soybean trypsin inhibitor, leupeptin, and (p amidinophenyl) methanesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride, but not by chymostatin, E 64, and ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. The molecular weight of the lysin was estimated to be 32K, based on the fluorographic image of 3H-DFP binding to the lysin on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The VC lysin was most active at pH 7.0-7.6 and under low ionic strength equivalent to fresh water. The release of the VC lysin was induced upon incubation of sperm with the contents of oviducal pars recta granules (PRG), which are known to induce the acrosome reaction. We conclude that the protease studied here represents the VC lysin of toad sperm that is involved in fertilization by digesting the VC of uterine eggs, probably released as a result of the acrosome reaction induced by PRG. PMID- 3235043 TI - Influence of image sampling frequency on the perceived movement characteristics of progressively motile human spermatozoa. AB - Tracks of 30 progressively motile washed human spermatozoa were plotted manually from 200-Hz frame rate video recordings. Tracks at 100, 66.7, 50, 40, 33.3, 25, 20, 10, and 5 Hz were then constructed using every 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 20th, or 40th point. The 200-Hz tracks were analyzed by traditional manual methods, and all ten sets of tracks analyzed using a computer-assisted method ("Videomot," developed originally to analyze 30-Hz tracks) to eliminate observer bias. Progression velocity (VSL) remained constant under all analysis conditions. Average path velocity (VAP) also remained essentially constant, although Videomot was less reliable at high frame rates due to problems in determining the average path. Curvilinear velocity (VCL) was very frame rate dependent (the 25-Hz mean value was only 56.5% of that at 200 Hz), and Videomot was more accurate than manual analysis at 200 Hz. Values of the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) were acceptable at most frame rates. At less than 66.7 Hz the inclusion of spurious curvilinear track deviations caused lower mean ALH values, and at 5 Hz ALH could not be measured since the track was essentially the average path. Beat/cross frequency (BCF) was also frame rate dependent; at high rates there was the same problem as with ALH measurements, while at less than or equal to 25 Hz the maximum BCF was restricted by the frame rate. We conclude that human sperm movement characteristics can be measured at frame rates ca. 30 Hz but only if the constraints affecting VCL and BCF values are understood and accepted. Finally, less than 10 Hz can only give values for VSL and, perhaps, VAP. PMID- 3235044 TI - Characterization of the postacrosomal sheath of bovine spermatozoa. AB - A purified head fraction was prepared from bovine epididymal spermatozoa and was utilized to identify the solubility characteristics and major polypeptide components of the postacrosomal sheath. Sperm heads extracted in nonionic detergent-containing or high-salt-containing solutions retained an intact postacrosomal sheath, but it was readily solubilized by high pH extraction solutions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major polypeptide of 58,000 daltons (58-kD) in the high pH extract solution. Antibodies to the 58-kD polypeptide specifically reacted with the postacrosomal segment by immunofluorescence and by electron microscopic immunohistochemistry were shown to bind the postacrosomal sheath. We conclude that this 58-kD polypeptide is a constituent of the postacrosomal sheath and that its distribution is restricted to the postacrosomal segment. PMID- 3235045 TI - Low molecular weight factor in bovine caudal epididymal fluid that stimulates calcium uptake in caput spermatozoa. AB - Secretions from the mammalian epididymis contain proteins that bind to developing sperm and are presumed to play a role in sperm maturation. The biochemical functions in sperm of most of these proteins are not known. In this report we describe the presence of a low molecular weight compound in bovine caudal epididymal luminal fluid (CF) that has a potent stimulatory effect on calcium (45Ca2+) uptake in immature caput epididymal spermatozoa. The studies were initially undertaken to characterize the effect of the protein caltrin, present in bovine seminal plasma (BSP), on calcium uptake into caput spermatozoa. Caltrin is known to block calcium influx into mature bovine sperm. Unexpectedly, the kinetics of calcium uptake into caput sperm showed a biphasic response when treated with BSP, namely, a stimulation of uptake at 1 to 5 min and inhibition of uptake after this time. Since caudal sperm do not show this biphasic response, we reasoned that BSP contained a factor derived from CF that must interact with developing sperm before the binding of caltrin to sperm can prevent further calcium uptake. We first demonstrated that preincubation of caput sperm with CF eliminated the biphasic calcium uptake effect induced in caput sperm by BSP and that caudal fluid alone had a potent stimulatory effect on calcium uptake in caput sperm. Half-maximal stimulation (fivefold over control) occurred at a caudal fluid protein concentration of 0.27 mg/ml. Partial purification of the factor indicates that it is of low molecular weight (MW approximately 1,000), but further chemical characterization has not been carried out and its epididymal site of origin is not known. The results indicate that the regulation of intracellular calcium levels in sperm differs in immature and mature bovine sperm in that an epididymal factor promotes calcium uptake during epididymal maturation, and the seminal fluid protein caltrin prevents it at ejaculation. PMID- 3235046 TI - Cytology of Lepidoptera. III. Giant cysts: a morphological trait of apyrene spermatogenesis in an Ephestia kuehniella strain. AB - A comparative investigation of testicular eupyrene cysts (in larvae) and apyrene cysts (in pupae) of Ephestia kuehniella laboratory strains was conducted using light and electron microscopy. Eupyrene cysts in the first meiotic division contained 64 spermatocytes, which showed only moderate asynchrony. In one of the strains, a wild-type strain, L, normal-sized cysts occurred together with abnormally large cysts. These are called giant cysts in this article. One of the premeiotic cysts, early giant cysts, studied in detail, contained approximately a fourfold number of cells compared with the number in a eupyrene cyst of the same stage. In cysts harboring spermatocytes and spermatids, late giant cysts, cell differentiation was highly asynchronous. Failure in one of two control mechanisms in early cyst development may have caused the appearance of the cysts. Control of cell division might have been sloppy in apyrene spermatogonia. Hence, the spermatogonia within the cyst could have passed through additional division cycles. Alternatively, the giant cysts may have originated from more than one predefinitive gonial cell enclosed in a common envelope of sheath cells. As a third possibility, giant cysts could have arisen by fusion of normal cysts at a later stage. In either case, this is evidence that separation of eupyrene and apyrene pathways is earlier than was previously expected. In two other Ephestia strains, apyrene sperm development proceeded without formation of giant cysts. One was a mutant strain, a, and the other one was a recently established wild type strain, Sbr. Apyrene sperm development is considered an example of degenerate evolution in which enhanced variability between species and even between populations of one species is a common phenomenon. PMID- 3235048 TI - An influx of extracellular calcium is required for initiation of the human sperm acrosome reaction induced by human follicular fluid. AB - The role of Ca2+ in the human sperm acrosome reaction was investigated using the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2. Previous experiments have shown that a Sephadex G-75 column fraction of human follicular fluid can stimulate the human sperm acrosome reaction [Suarez SS, Wolf DP, Meizel S (1986): Gamete Res 14:107 121]. Using fura-2, we demonstrated that this Sephadex G-75 fraction also stimulates a rapid, transient increase in intracellular free Ca2+. This Ca2+ transient is blocked either by chelation of extracellular calcium or by addition of the Ca2+ antagonist La3+. We have also been able to stimulate the acrosome reaction in human sperm without significant loss of motility, using the divalent cation ionophore ionomycin. Acrosome reactions stimulated by whole follicular fluid, the G-75 fraction, or ionomycin are all blocked by removal of extracellular Ca2+. These results strongly suggest that an influx of extracellular Ca2+ is responsible for initiating the acrosome reaction in human sperm treated with human follicular fluid. This is the first demonstration in mammalian sperm that a potentially physiological stimulus can cause an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concomitant with the acrosome reaction. PMID- 3235047 TI - Behavior of sperm nuclei in intact and bisected metaphase II mouse oocytes fertilized in the presence of colcemid. AB - Our objective was to examine the developmental fate of sperm nuclei in oocytes fertilized under conditions of meiotic arrest. Therefore zona-free metaphase II oocytes and oocyte fragments (nucleate and anucleate) were fertilized in the presence of colcemid. In anucleate oocyte fragments, normal male pronuclei develop. In contrast, in intact oocytes and nucleate fragments sperm nuclei after initial decondensation undergo secondary condensation. This state is maintained as long as the oocytes are treated with colcemid. When the drug is removed 3 h after insemination, the meiotic spindle(s) is reconstructed, the second polar body(ies) is extruded, and a female pronucleus (or micronuclei) forms. At the same time the sperm nucleus decondenses again and transforms into a male pronucleus. In addition oocytes fertilized in the presence of colcemid could not be refertilized. These observations suggest that oocytes and oocyte fragments fertilized in the presence of colcemid undergo activation despite the failure of pronucleus formation. The inhibitory effect of colcemid on the formation of pronuclei is expressed only in the presence of oocyte chromosomes. We suggest that colcemid stabilizes factors responsible for chromosome condensation that are associated with oocyte chromosomes but not factors (whether the same or different) present in the cytoplasm. PMID- 3235049 TI - Cholesterol efflux from bovine sperm: II. Effect of reducing sperm cholesterol on penetration of zona-free hamster and in vitro matured bovine ova. AB - Several reports have indicated that sperm capacitation includes loss of membrane cholesterol (Chol) with a concomitant decrease in the Chol-to-phospholipid (PL) ratio. Methods were developed for quantifiable removal of bovine sperm Chol, which predisposed sperm to induction of the acrosome reaction upon addition of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Chol removal from bovine sperm on penetration of zona-free hamster and intact bovine ova in vitro. Washed ejaculated bovine sperm were incubated (2 h, 39 degrees C) in a modified Tyrode's solution (TALP) containing 1) Chol-free liposomes (-Chol, 50 x 10(6) sperm and 600 nmol phospholipid/ml); 2) liposomes containing 30 mol% Chol (+Chol, 2 x 10(8) sperm and 300 nmol total lipid/ml); or 3) no liposomes (Control). We have previously shown that net Chol efflux from sperm is 31% of the total sperm Chol with -Chol liposomes and less than 1% with control media. Sperm were then washed twice and challenged with LPC bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) using celite as a carrier. Treated sperm (25 x 10(6)) were incubated immediately with either zona-free hamster ova (HO) or in vitro matured bovine ova (BO) in 50-microliters droplets of TALP under medical fluid in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air (3 h, 39 degrees C). Ova were fixed in ethanol:acetic acid, stained with 1% orcein, and examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3235050 TI - Viability of mouse half-embryos in vitro and in vivo. AB - Mouse embryos at the 2-, 4-, 8-cell, and morula stage were divided in half by using microsurgical procedures and were either grown in vitro up to the blastocyst stage or transferred at the late morula stage into the uteri of pseudopregnant recipients. A relatively high percentage of the half embryos from 2-cell (70%), 4-cell (75%), 8-cell (93%), or morula stage embryos (75%) developed into blastocysts in vitro. However, the overall development in vivo of half embryos was low, as 3%, 13%, 8%, and 1% of half embryos from the 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, and morula stages, respectively, developed into live fetuses. Embryos which were divided in half at different stages developed at different rates in vitro. This determined the stage of embryonic development at the time of transfer, which might have interacted with the stage of pseudopregnancy of the recipients to influence embryo survival in vivo. PMID- 3235051 TI - Culture of in vitro fertilized rabbit ova. AB - Embryonic development of in-vitro fertilized rabbit ova was assessed following in vitro culture in four different serum supplemented media. A mixture of Basal Medium Eagle (BME) and Ham's F10 medium (1:1) provided better support for in vitro development than Ham's F10, BME, or regular acidic saline (RAS). In-vitro embryonic development in the BME/Ham's F10 mixture was synchronous with in-vivo development through at least 55 hr of culture. After 54 hr of culture, embryos transferred to the oviduct of a synchronous pseudopregnant recipient were able to implant at the same rate as simultaneously transferred embryos grown in vivo. BME/Ham's F10 supplemented with 10% newborn calf serum was highly supportive of rabbit embryo development following in-vitro fertilization. PMID- 3235052 TI - Trout Sertoli and Leydig cells: isolation, separation, and culture. AB - Trout testes at various stages of maturation were dissociated by perfusion at 12 degrees C with collagenase plus pronase and then with collagenase alone, followed by slight shaking overnight in 1% bovine albumin. This step provided a suspension of isolated somatic and germ cells, clusters of interstitial cells, and either intact spermatogenetic cysts (meiotic testes) or clusters of Sertoli cells (other testes). Most of the spermatozoa were removed from the testis cell suspension by centrifugation in Percoll (density 1.065 g/ml). Sertoli and Leydig cells were prepared by a two-step separation method: 1) the testis cell suspension was separated by sedimentation at unit gravity into "isolated cell" and "cell cluster" populations; 2) these populations were fractionated by isopyknic centrifugation in Percoll gradients. In terms of somatic cell composition, a nearly pure Sertoli cell (clusters) population was obtained between 1.017 and 1.033 g/ml and a Leydig cell (clusters) enriched population of between 1.033 and 1.048 g/ml (testes resuming spermatogenesis) or 1.048 and 1.062 g/ml (other testes). These various cell populations were cultured in modified Leibovitz L15 medium for 10-15 days. When seeded, the Sertoli cells had a normal ultrastructure that remained unchanged for at least 10 days, and the steroidogenic activity of Leydig cells could be stimulated by salmon gonadotropin. Leydig cells remained 3 beta-HSD positive and produced progesterone and 17 alpha, 20 beta-OH progesterone for at least 11 days. This study points out that viable and differentiated trout somatic testicular cells can be prepared and cultured for several days. PMID- 3235053 TI - Incubation of mouse sperm with lactate delays capacitation and hyperactivation and lowers fertilization levels in vitro. AB - Mouse sperm were incubated in medium with or without 24 mM lactate and assessed for 1) motility characteristics including hyperactivation--a computer-assisted motion analysis system was used; 2) capacitation--a chlortetracycline fluorescent dye binding assay was used; and 3) ability to penetrate oocytes. Lactate affected all aspects of motility and delayed the rates of both hyperactivation and capacitation. When a concentration of 8 x 10(3) sperm/ml was used for insemination in vitro, sperm preincubated 60-90 minutes in medium with lactate prior to insemination in lactate-free medium fertilized fewer oocytes than did sperm preincubated in lactate-free medium. Use of a calcium-sensitive electrode demonstrated that lactate chelated appreciable amounts of calcium in the medium. Capacitation was assayed in sperm incubated 60 minutes in medium with various concentrations of lactate or CaCl2. When medium containing lactate was compared to medium without lactate but having a similar level of free calcium, the level of capacitation of sperm incubated with lactate was less than half that of sperm incubated without lactate. These results demonstrate that including 24 mM lactate in the medium can have detrimental effects on mouse sperm hyperactivation and capacitation. The detrimental effects on capacitation are partly but not completely due to the chelation of calcium by lactate. PMID- 3235054 TI - Filipin-labelled complexes are polarized in their distribution in the cytoplasm of meiotically mature mouse eggs. AB - Unfertilized (germinal vesicle [GV] stage, superovulated and naturally ovulated) and fertilized mouse eggs were treated with the polyene antibiotic filipin, which complexes with unesterified sterols; specimens were observed by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In all oocytes examined, filipin fluorescence was localized to the plasma membrane and to subcellular structures of various sizes. In the unfertilized oocyte, polarity was observed both in the plasma membrane stain and in the pattern formed by the subcellular structures. SEM of filipin-treated oocytes had several characteristic features including a specific distribution of heterogeneous microvilli that appears to have a spatial relationship with the fluorescent pattern of the filipin-positive subcellular structures. In GV stage and fertilized eggs the filipin-positive subcellular structures were associated with the germinal vesicle and in fertilized eggs they were associated with the site of polar body abstriction. PMID- 3235055 TI - Lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis--human adipose tissue metabolism. 3rd annual meeting of the German Society for Obesity Research. Munich, October 29-31, 1987. PMID- 3235056 TI - Very low density lipoprotein. Qualitative abnormalities in patients with premature coronary heart disease and in patients with insulin dependent diabetes. AB - VLDL composition has been investigated in two groups of patients: one with Premature Coronary Heart Disease (PCHD) and another one with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Both groups showed abnormal VLDL composition. PCHD patients had VLDL significantly enriched in free cholesterol and triglycerides in comparison with a group of controls matched with patients for sex, age, BMI, serum cholesterol and TG. This VLDL composition indicates a prevalence of big particles, which can be found at the beginning of the lipolytic cascade. On the other hand VLDL of diabetic patients were enriched in cholesterol, especially esterified cholesterol, and apo B in comparison with the respective control group suggesting an increase of smaller VLDL, considered more atherogenic. In conclusion these two studies demonstrate that VLDL compositional abnormalities can be found in two different groups of patients even in the absence of hyperlipidemia. PMID- 3235057 TI - Differentiation of adipocyte precursor cells from obese and nonobese adult women and from different adipose tissue sites. AB - We studied adipocyte development in primary cultures of stromal-vascular cells from the adipose tissue of obese and nonobese adult women. Adipose conversion was promoted by addition to confluent cultures of 10(-9) mol/l insulin, 10(-7) mol/l cortisol and for the first two days 0.5 mmol/l 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX). Presence of MIX for a longer period resulted in an increasing differentiation rate. No significant difference in the number of developing fat cells was observed between cultures from 8 obese (body mass index 33.6 +/- 4.1 kg/m2) and from 6 lean (body mass index 22.3 +/- 2.4 kg/m2) adults (390 +/- 102 vs. 354 +/- 85 fat cells/cm2, n.s.). The number of new fat cells obtained in cultures from the subcutaneous fat depot was significantly higher as compared to those obtained in cultures from the intraabdominal fat region (360 +/- 68 vs. 79 +/- 35 fat cells/cm2, p less than 0.01), suggesting the existence of regional variations in the differentiation capacity of adipocyte precursor cells. PMID- 3235058 TI - Adrenergic regulation of human fat-cell lipolysis. AB - The actual effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on human fat cell lipolysis are the result of a balance of opposing signals which are mediated by alpha2- and beta-adrenergic receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase via stimulatory (beta receptors) and inhibitory (alpha2-receptors) guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins. The signals transmitted by both hormones are therefore ambiguous. The physiological meaning of this ambiguity in signal transmission has not been satisfactorily explained. This report demonstrates that lipolysis first needs to be inhibited before it can be stimulated, indicating that current concepts on the role of lipolytic agents require re-evaluation. In the light of these findings it is concluded that a dual regulation of single metabolic pathways, i.e. lipolysis, by a single class of hormones, e.g. catecholamines, (1) prevents excessive activation of lipolysis and cyclic AMP accumulation which may lead to a depletion of cellular adenine nucleotides via an increased release of inosine and hypoxanthine which can not be re-utilized, and (2) adds a further degree of flexibility in regulation by restricting the stimulatory effects of both hormones to a narrow range of concentrations which is easily modified by inhibiting ligands. PMID- 3235059 TI - On the in vitro lipolytic activity of peptide hormones in human adipose tissue. AB - Peptide hormones are potent stimulators of lipolysis in incubated adipocytes or adipose tissue of laboratory animals. However, none out of 40 synthetic or highly purified peptide hormones or sequences from the pituitary, the gastrointestinal tract and of different origin was able to stimulate glycerol release from 'incubated' human adipocytes. Yet, this model of the 'incubated adipocyte' offers several disadvantages: rapid decrease of pH in the incubation medium, release and increment of lipolysis inhibiting substances such as FFA and adenosine and rapid unspecific degradation of the peptides. In an improved in vitro model--pH-stat titration--which avoids or diminishes the disadvantages of 'incubated adipocytes', a group of pituitary peptides was tested. One peptide hormone, beta lipotropin, stimulated lipolysis significantly in human adipose tissue. Two other peptides which were highly active in adipose tissue of laboratory animals were ineffective in this system too. The lipolytic response to beta-lipotropin was comparable to the effect of noradrenaline at equimolar concentrations. The data indicate that results on the lipolytic activity of peptide hormones in adipose tissue of laboratory animals cannot be transferred to human adipose tissue. In advanced in vitro test systems the ability to stimulate lipolysis could also be shown for a peptide hormone suggesting a role of such substances in the endocrine regulation of adipose tissue mass in men. PMID- 3235060 TI - Apocrine adenoma presenting as gynaecomastia in a 14-year-old boy. PMID- 3235061 TI - Maternal aggression by lactating group-living Japanese macaque females. AB - This study analyzed the influence of lactation on aggression by group-living Japanese macaque females. Data collected during 268 hr of observation showed that lactating females exhibited much more aggression than did females in any other reproductive condition under investigation. This postpartum aggression showed distinctive features in terms of time course during lactation and target selectivity but it was not characterized by a higher intensity and severity. Aggression increased progressively during the first 6 weeks of lactation, reached its highest levels between 7th and 9th weeks postpartum, and thereafter diminished. The relative percentages of threat, chase, and physical attack did not change with the reproductive condition. Lactating females were selective in their choice of targets, with young females being the recipients of nearly 90% of the total of their aggression. PMID- 3235062 TI - Differential hormonal control of aggression and sexual behavior in female Syrian hamsters. AB - These experiments were designed to test the effects of chronic estradiol treatment on aggression and sexual behavior in female hamsters. Isolated female hamsters were ovariectomized and tested for their behavioral responses to a group housed, ovariectomized female hamster (aggression test) and a group-housed, intact male hamster (sexual behavior test). Following these baseline tests, the experimental females were implanted sc with Silastic capsules containing different concentrations of estradiol (100, 25, 10, or 0%) diluted with cholesterol and retested 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after implantation. High levels of aggression were observed on the baseline test, with no changes in aggression toward an intruder female observed for any implant group on subsequent tests. Despite these high levels of aggression toward another female, most of the estradiol-treated females (80% at 14 days) were sexually responsive in the presence of a male. There was no effect of Silastic estradiol concentration on sexual behavior, even though a range of serum estradiol levels (39-105 pg/ml) resulted. Lordosis latencies decreased and lordosis durations increased over the extent of estradiol treatment. Seventeen days after Silastic implantation, all females were injected with progesterone and restested. Estradiol-treated females showed an extreme reduction in aggression toward a stimulus female, as well as a further stimulation of sexual behavior after progesterone treatment. High levels of aggression in cholesterol-treated females (0% estradiol) were maintained even after progesterone injection, and these females never displayed any sexual responsivity. These results suggest that sexual behavior in the female hamster is sensitive to estradiol alone, whereas the inhibition of aggression requires the combination of estradiol plus progesterone. PMID- 3235063 TI - Induction of copulatory behavior in castrated female and male Arctic foxes. AB - The aim of the study was to test if it is possible to induce complete copulatory behavior in castrated Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) of both sexes for the purpose of other experiments. Two groups of castrated, sexually experienced Arctic foxes, four pairs in Experiment 1 (a pilot study) and eight pairs in Experiment 2, were treated with different regimes of hormone (estrogens and progesterone in females, testosterone in males). The animals were than tested for copulatory behavior. Nine out of 12 castrated bitches and 10 out of 12 castrated males displayed copulatory behavior during the season of reproductive quiescence for intact Arctic foxes. All the treatments induced complete copulatory behavior (i.e., copulation leading to locking) at least in some animals of both sexes. Examination of results for individual animals suggested that copulatory performance was influenced by preference for specific partners. Also the occurrence of copulation in an early test facilitated its reoccurrence on a later test in the same day with a different partner. PMID- 3235064 TI - Mating of captive thirteen-lined ground squirrels and the annual timing of estrus. AB - Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) have a single annual mating season in Michigan, beginning shortly after their spring emergence from hibernation. Captive females were studied during a 3-year period to determine relations among time of removal from the coldroom, vaginal estrus, and mating behavior. Following a 7-month period females spent in a coldroom, vaginal lavages were taken daily to monitor changes in estrous condition. Females removed from the coldroom about when free-living animals emerge from hibernation were in vaginal estrus within 24-48 hr and had an initial period of persistent estrus (ca. 3 weeks), followed by briefer (less than 1 week) and more sporadic estrous periods. Females left in the coldroom 3 weeks longer than normal had significantly briefer initial periods of vaginal estrus after being removed from the coldroom. Similarly, virgin Yearlings and virgin 2-Year-Olds had significantly briefer initial periods of estrus than nonvirgin Adults (greater than or equal to 2 years old). In 1985, eight of eight females paired with males mated within the first week after removal from the coldroom and subsequently produced litters. Mated females remained in vaginal diestrus from within a few days of mating until after parturition. In contrast, unmated females remained in prolonged vaginal estrus during this period. Females first paired with males 3 weeks after being taken from the coldroom failed to mate. In 1986, five of six females first paired with males 2 weeks after being removed from the coldroom similarly failed to mate. However, five of six females did mate that were removed from the coldroom 10 days after those in the previously described group and paired with a male 4 days after removal. This first report of reliable mating behavior in captive thirteen-lined ground squirrels should facilitate subsequent analysis of reproductive patterns in this species. PMID- 3235065 TI - Environmental and hormonal factors in seasonal breeding in free-living male Indian rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri). AB - Seasonal changes in testicular activity, plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) were related to pair bond formation, nest building, nest defense, and parental behavior in free-living Indian rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri) in northwest India. Spermatozoa production occurred between January and March when daylengths were short (10-12 hr) and ambient temperature was seasonally low (8-20 degrees C). At other times of the year the testes were regressed. Plasma LH levels increased during the prebreeding period (September-December) when the birds were forming pairs and selecting or defending nest sites. Plasma LH levels increased further between January and March and decreased to seasonal low values during the post breeding period between April and June when the birds were caring for young. Concentrations of plasma androgens and estrogens were similar during the prebreeding and postbreeding phases of the breeding cycle. During the breeding period, the ratios between plasma 5 alpha-DHT and testosterone and between plasma estradiol and testosterone increased. It is proposed that the absence of marked seasonal changes in plasma steroid levels is related to nest defense behavior which occurs during the prebreeding, breeding, and postbreeding phases of the breeding cycle. Winter breeding makes it possible for the parakeets to avoid competition with other birds for nesting sites, to avoid fledging young during the monsoon period, and to take advantage of the winter pea crop which provides the female with extra nutrients for egg production. PMID- 3235066 TI - Control of aggression and dominance in white-throated sparrows by testosterone and its metabolites. AB - In three experiments, we investigated whether testosterone itself or its metabolites activate aggression and dominance in white-throated sparrows Zonotrichia albicollis. Groups of five to six sparrows, each treated with a different steroid implanted subcutaneously, were observed in outdoor aviaries during late winter to determine the birds' rates of aggression (supplantations and attacks scaled to the number of available subordinates) and dominance rankings with opponents not previously encountered. In Experiment 1, testosterone (T) had a greater effect on aggression and dominance than did androstenedione, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (D), androsterone, or estradiol (E). In Experiment 2, birds with T or D + E had higher aggression scores and dominance ranks than birds with either D or E alone. Birds with T and D + E did not differ. The testosterone metabolites, D and E, thus acted synergistically to determine rates of aggression and dominance ranks. To corroborate these results, in Experiment 3 we treated T implanted birds with the following blocking agents: ATD, expected to reduce conversion of T to E (AT birds); progesterone, expected to reduce conversion of T to D (PT birds); or both (APT birds). The APT birds had lower aggression scores and dominance ranks than did AT or PT birds, despite having higher mean levels of circulating T than AT or PT birds or birds implanted with T alone. Cyproterone acetate also reduced aggression scores and dominance in T-implanted birds. We conclude that the hormonal control of aggression and dominance in these birds requires conversion of testosterone to both androgenic and estrogenic metabolites. PMID- 3235067 TI - Environmental, dietary, and hormonal factors in the regulation of seasonal breeding in free-living female Indian rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri). AB - The roles of environmental, dietary, and hormonal factors in the timing of seasonal breeding were assessed in free-living female Indian rose-ringed parakeets, Psittacula krameri, in northwest India (22 degrees 2'N, 73 degrees E). The ovaries and oviducts began to enlarge in January, were fully developed in February, and began to regress in March. During this time there was no significant change in the concentration of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) or estradiol. The concentration of plasma LH decreased (P less than 0.01) at the end of the breeding season. Pair bond formation occurred between September and December and was associated with an increase in levels of plasma LH but no change in plasma estradiol. Concentrations of plasma testosterone (T) and 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) did not vary significantly during the year and were similar to those in males except for higher values of 5 alpha-DHT and lower values of T during the pre- and postbreeding periods, respectively. The similar levels of plasma androgens in both sexes may be related to the equal roles that both sexes play in the defence of their nest holes. An analysis of crop sac contents showed that the birds fed chiefly on pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan) during the breeding season and on cereal grains at other times of the year. It is suggested that pigeon peas provide the extra nutrients, including calcium, required for egg production. Since pigeon peas ripen between November and March, the production of the crop may play a role in the timing of seasonal breeding. A further factor appears to be competition for nest sites. By breeding in winter, the parakeet avoids competing with other species which nest in holes. PMID- 3235068 TI - Paradoxical hypermasculinization of the zebra finch song system by an antiestrogen. AB - Exogenous estrogens, when administered to hatchling female zebra finches, masculinize the morphology and function of their neural vocal control system. The first of two experiments evaluated whether tamoxifen citrate is an antiestrogen in zebra finches, and the second determined whether it would block the masculinization hypothesized to be caused in hatchling males by the males' endogenous estradiol. In the first experiment adult female zebra finches were ovariectomized and injected for 10 days with estradiol benzoate (EB), tamoxifen, EB and tamoxifen combined, or vehicle (control). The dependent variable was oviduct weight. The EB-stimulated growth of the oviduct was blocked by tamoxifen, which had no effects when administered alone. Thus, tamoxifen acts as an antiestrogen in the zebra finch oviduct. In Experiment 2, male and female zebra finches were treated with tamoxifen or vehicle for the first 20 days after hatching. The males were castrated at 20 days. At 60 days we compared the song control regions of experimental and control males and females. In both sexes tamoxifen increased the somatic areas of neurons in RA (robust nucleus of the archistriatum), HVc (caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum), and MAN (magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum). Tamoxifen also increased the volumes of HVc, RA, MAN, and Area X in males. Thus, tamoxifen failed to block masculinization of males, but masculinized females and hypermasculinized males. Tamoxifen's hypermasculinization of the male and masculinization of the female song system is paradoxical given that (1) estradiol does not have similar effects on the male song system, and (2) tamoxifen antagonizes the effects of EB in the oviduct. PMID- 3235070 TI - Time-series analysis strategies for terminal care research. PMID- 3235069 TI - Behavioral masculinization is independent of genital masculinization in prenatally androgenized female rhesus macaques. AB - Genetic female fetuses were exposed transplacentally to testosterone propionate injected into their mothers either early (Days 40 through 64) or late (Days 115 through 139) in gestation. Early and late androgenized females (EAFs and LAFs, respectively) were raised with normal males and females that served as criteria for evaluating degree of behavioral masculinization induced by the prenatal androgen. EAFs were genitally virilized and LAFs were not. Males and untreated females differed reliably on five behavioral measures: males showed more mother mounting, more peer-mounting, more rough play with peers, a preference for initiating play with male partners, and less grooming of mothers. Neither type of prenatally androgenized female showed masculinization of all five types of behavior. Compared with females, EAFs showed more mother-mounting, more peer mounting, less mother-grooming, did not differ from females in rough play, and did not manifest a preference for male partners. LAFs, like females, groomed but did not mount their mothers, and did not show a preference for male partners; but unlike females they showed elevated rough play and mounting with peers. EAFs showed a statistically significant delay in puberty onset (menarche), but LAFs did not. Mothers inspected genitalia of their offspring more often if they were males than if they were females. Mothers of EAFs inspected their offspring's genitalia as often as mothers of males, but mothers of LAFs did not. No aspect of maternal behavior was associated with either the amount or kind of masculine behavior shown toward peers. We interpret the results to mean that genital virilization is independent of, and largely irrelevant to, the expression of those behavioral traits that characterize the juvenile male social role. Moreover, the individual behavior traits that are components of the juvenile male role are independently regulated by the organizing actions of androgen and have separable critical periods. Of the two major traits, mounting peers and rough play with peers, the latter has a greater requirement for androgenic stimulation late in prenatal life. PMID- 3235071 TI - Single case designs in clinical settings. PMID- 3235072 TI - The end stage cancer patient: terminal common pathway. PMID- 3235073 TI - Sources of support in conjugal bereavement. PMID- 3235075 TI - Hand clasping and arm folding: analysis of familial data. PMID- 3235074 TI - Altitude and reproduction of the Japanese in Bolivia. PMID- 3235076 TI - A hazards model analysis of breastfeeding variables and maternal age on return to menses postpartum in rural Indonesian women. PMID- 3235077 TI - Lactation and the waiting time to conception: an application of hazard models. PMID- 3235078 TI - The effects of occupation, leisure activities, and body composition on aerobic fitness in western Samoan men. PMID- 3235079 TI - Bias in the estimation of inbreeding coefficient and probability of origin of genes with errors in genealogy. PMID- 3235081 TI - Distributions of serial changes in stature and weight in a healthy elderly population. PMID- 3235080 TI - Elliptocytosis, malaria, and fertility in Malaysia. PMID- 3235082 TI - Internal migration in the contemporary United States: comparison of measures and partitioning of stages. PMID- 3235083 TI - The volume of the testes in North-West Indian children. PMID- 3235084 TI - Visual control of displacement at slow speeds. PMID- 3235085 TI - Relationships among measures of static and dynamic visual sensitivity. PMID- 3235086 TI - Eye accommodation to head-up virtual images. PMID- 3235087 TI - The role of situational context in the development of high-performance skills. PMID- 3235088 TI - Differential color brightness as a body orientation cue. PMID- 3235089 TI - Maximum voluntary hand grip torque for circular electrical connectors. PMID- 3235090 TI - Thumbs up: anthropometry of the first digit. PMID- 3235091 TI - Hemoglobin E distribution in ten endogamous population groups of Assam, India. AB - Previous studies have reported a high incidence of hemoglobin E (HbE) in Northeast Indian populations. In the present study 10 endogamous populations of Assam belonging to two racial groups, Caucasoid and Mongoloid, were examined. The frequency of HbE gene (Hb beta E) in the Caucasoid caste populations is around 0.1, whereas the gene is highly prevalent in the Mongoloid populations, frequencies ranging between 0.2 and 0.6. Predominance of Hb beta E in the Tibeto Burman speakers is contrary to observations made in Southeast Asia, where an association between Austro-Asiatic speakers and high prevalence of HbE exist. The highest occurrence of the gene in this area, which is on the far end of the proposed centre of distribution in Northern Kampuchea and Northeast Thailand, is also a deviation from the expected pattern of gene distribution. It is speculated that Hb beta E in the Tibeto-Burman populations of Assam arose by an independent mutation which contributed to the high frequencies of Hb beta E in the Northeast Indian populations. PMID- 3235092 TI - Further studies of the plasma alpha 1 B-glycoprotein polymorphism: two new alleles and allele frequencies in Caucasians and in American blacks. AB - Two new alleles (A1 B*3 and A1 B*4) of human plasma alpha 1 B-glycoprotein (alpha 1 B) were reported. alpha 1 B phenotyping was done by using either a simple method of two-dimensional (2-D) agarose gel-horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by protein staining or by one-dimensional horizontal PAGE and immunoblotting. Seven different alpha 1 B phenotypes (1-1, 1 2, 1-3, 1-4, 2-2, 2-3 and 3-3) were observed; phenotypes 1-3 and 1-4 were differentiated from each other only by the 2-D method. The respective frequencies Af A1 B*1, A1 B*2, A1 B*3 and A1 B*4 alleles in the studied populations were estimated as follows: American Blacks (New York) 0.732, 0.204, 0.064, 0; American Whites (New York) 0.947, 0.053; Czechs (Melnik) 0.964, 0.034, 0, 0.002; Slovaks (Bratislava and Trencin) 0.977, 0.023, 0, 0. The population of American Blacks showed a much higher degree of alpha 1 B polymorphism (polymorphism information content = 0.37) than the Caucasian populations that have been studied. PMID- 3235093 TI - Genetic polymorphisms of orosomucoid and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein in a Philippine population. AB - A Philippine population was investigated for genetic polymorphism of orosomucoid 1 (ORM1), orosomucoid 2 (ORM2), and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (A2HS) by isoelectric focusing. The allele frequencies were: ORM1*1 = 0.7904, ORM1*2 = 0.1687, ORM1*2.1 = 0.0409, ORM2*1 = 1.0000; A2HS*1 = 0.6870, A2HS*2 = 0.3130. Compared with the Japanese population, the Philippine population has higher frequencies of ORM1*1 and A2HS*2, and lower frequencies of ORM1*2.1 and A2HS*1. PMID- 3235094 TI - Population studies in northern Sweden. XIV. Variation of the A1A2B0 blood group gene frequencies. AB - Frequencies of the A1A2B0 blood group genes were studied in a material of 5,632 conscripts and blood donors from the counties of Norrbotten and Vasterbotten in northern Sweden. The individuals were distributed according to place of birth into 23 subpopulations. In northern Sweden different clines were found for the A1, A2 and 0 genes. The frequencies of the A1 and A2 genes were increasing in the northeastern respectively northern direction, and the frequency of the 0 gene was increasing in the southwestern direction. These geographical patterns could be explained in terms of Finnish and Lappish influence. PMID- 3235095 TI - Two familial cases of dissociation of saliva Lea levels and erythrocyte Lewis types. AB - Two familial cases in which the saliva Lea levels were seen to dissociate with the donors' red blood cell (RBC) Lewis types are reported. In case 1, the saliva from a donor with an RBC type of Le(a+b-) contained a low level of Lea antigen. A low Lea level was also observed in the saliva from this proband's father who has an RBC type of Le(a+b-). In case 2, the saliva from a donor with an RBC type of Le(a-b+) contained a high level of Lea antigen. High Lea levels were also present in the saliva of this proband's father and brothers with an RBC type of Le(a-b+). PMID- 3235096 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Saudi Arabia. A study in Al-Ula. AB - This paper reports the frequency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in the male and female population of A1-Ula in the northwestern province of Saudi Arabia. The frequency of G6PD deficiency in the male population was 0.098 and in the females it was 0.028. This frequency is significantly lower than those reported for other malaria endemic regions in Arabia. The population was further subgrouped on the basis of their haemoglobin phenotypes and the highest frequency of G6PD deficiency was obtained in male Hb S heterozygotes followed by the male Hb S homozygotes. Phenotyping of G6PD revealed the presence of G6PD-Mediterranean, G6PDA+, G6PDA- and G6PD Mediterranean-like, and the frequency of these variants in Al-Ula was different from those reported in other regions of Saudi Arabia. PMID- 3235097 TI - Production and use of rat monoclonal antibodies to the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen. AB - A dot immunoblot screening assay was used to identify rat monoclonal antibodies to a human myeloid cell differentiation-specific nuclear antigen (MNDA). The selection was based on the positive reaction of hybridoma cell supernatants with a concentrated nuclear protein extract prepared from late stage human myeloid leukemia cells that express MNDA (HL-60) coincident with a negative reaction with the same extract prepared from a non-expressing more immature human myeloid leukemia cell line. The approach provided an efficient method for obtaining monoclonal antibodies to a specific low abundance nuclear antigen that has not been purified. Sixteen wells from three fusions contained antibody displaying a specific reaction with the nuclear protein fraction obtained from the HL-60 cells. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that all of the sixteen specific hybridoma cell lines produced antibody against the same Mr 55,000 nuclear antigen. Selecting hybridoma cells that produce antibody reactive with the native antigen provided antibody suitable for detecting MNDA in immunocytochemical tests. The rat monoclonal antibodies were purified and coupled to CNBr-activated agarose and carbonyldiimidazole-activated agarose. Although both antibody affinity matrices exhibited the same antigen binding capacities, the matrix prepared using carbonyldiimidazole-activated agarose bound the MNDA with a high level of specificity while the matrix prepared from CNBr-activated agarose bound numerous other nuclear proteins. PMID- 3235099 TI - Interaction energy studies on 6-azapyrimidine antimetabolites during transcription process. PMID- 3235098 TI - Direct comparison of electric field-mediated and PEG-mediated cell fusion for the generation of antibody producing hybridomas. AB - As an alternative to polyethylene glycol (PEG), electric field pulses offer, in theory, fusion conditions whose parameters are better controllable. In 1985 (1) we reported on the successful generation of hybridoma clones by means of electrofusion performed in a batch-type manner similar to that usually employed with PEG, and applicable to any type of antigens. Here we summarize the results of a series of fusions performed since then in which both electric field and PEG induced fusion were directly compared. Different types of antigens were used. Electrofusion resulted in a 3.8 to 33.0 times higher yield of hybridomas per unit number of spleen cells. Moreover, hybridomas grew more vigorously after fusion and, therefore, were earlier visible. Other parameters examined revealed no differences between hybridomas generated by either method. PMID- 3235100 TI - Effect of activation by Mg2+ on the conformation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase: a fluorescence study. PMID- 3235101 TI - Soluble and membrane-bound cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in developing rat brain. PMID- 3235102 TI - Effect of Bacillus sphaericus 1593 toxin on choline acetyl transferase and mitochondrial oxidative activities of the mosquito larvae. PMID- 3235103 TI - Interaction of lanthanum and calcium ions during uptake and release of serotonin by human blood platelets in vitro. PMID- 3235104 TI - Studies on the toxicity of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in mice. PMID- 3235105 TI - Lipid peroxidation and antiperoxidative enzyme changes in erythrocytes in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3235106 TI - Immobilization of alpha-chymotrypsin on dispersed particles of paraffin wax suspension. PMID- 3235107 TI - Effect of pH on sodium dependent and independent glycine uptake in rat small intestine. PMID- 3235108 TI - Effect of serpasil administration on changes in the metabolism of glycoproteins in hypercholesterolemic rats. PMID- 3235109 TI - Role of tryptophan in inducing polymorphic phase formation in lipid dispersions. PMID- 3235110 TI - Interaction of bile salts with a nonionic surfactant and their activation energy for conduction as well as calcium and barium ion tolerance in presence of the nonionic surfactant. PMID- 3235111 TI - Effect of urea, guanidine hydrochloride and sodium dodecyl sulphate on the isolated major protein fraction, lupinin, from lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius). PMID- 3235112 TI - Effect of serine proteinase from Staphylococcus aureus on in vitro stimulation of human lymphocytes. AB - In a broad concentration range (0.1-100 micrograms/ml) the serine proteinase (SP) from Staphylococcus aureus has no cytotoxic effect on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and does not stimulate them in culture. However, it affects the action of a number of polyclonal activators. In a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml SP completely eliminates blastic transformation after stimulation with B cell mitogens (NDCM, S. aureus and Escherichia coli), lowers the blastic transformation after stimulation with PWM and SPA, and does not affect the blastic transformation after stimulation with PHA. SP (100 micrograms/ml) reduces the concentration of Ig in stimulated cultures (stimulation with PWM, NDCM, S. aureus and E. coli) far below the Ig level of unstimulated controls. This effect can be ascribed to an influence on cell stimulation, not to the proteolytic cleavage of secreted Ig, although SP can partially digest Ig. The effect on lymphocyte stimulation takes place when the SP is added to the culture together with the mitogen, or 18 h after the mitogen. This implies that SP does not affect the first stage of stimulation. PMID- 3235113 TI - Cellular mechanisms in infection immunity. Papers from the Second Meeting on Infection Immunity. Elsinore, Denmark, 17-21 June, 1988. PMID- 3235114 TI - Biotechnological trends towards synthetic vaccines. PMID- 3235116 TI - Analysis of B. malayi microfilarial antigens by immunoblotting. AB - BALB/C mice were immunized with heavy or low infection of live B. malayi microfilariae or immunised with different fractions of the microfilarial antigens. Antibody levels and antibody dependent macrophage mediated cytotoxicity to B. malayi microfilariae were determined in the immunized sera. Antigens responsible for induction of antibodies were recognised in B. malayi microfilarial extract by immunoblotting. Appearance of cytotoxic antibodies correlates with recognition of certain common antigens in microfilarial extract such as 45, 54, 62, 66 and 76 KDa mol. wt. proteins. PMID- 3235115 TI - Eliciting antibodies in chickens to human dimeric IgA. Removal of factors from human colostrum depressing anti IgA antibody production. AB - Contrary to expectation chickens did not readily elicit antibodies to IgA dimers when untreated human colostrum was used as antigen. When colostrum was fractionated by means of a column of 8% granulated agarose equilibrated with 10mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, a major and a minor fraction were obtained. The major or "1st fraction" consisted of two components with sedimentation coefficients of 10.9 S and 14.1 S, respectively. The minor or "2nd fraction" consisted of components of S values ranging from 2 to 6 and small amounts of 10.9 and 14.1 S material. When chickens were immunized with the "1st fraction" antibodies to dimeric IgA were produced. When the "1st and 2nd fractions" of the column were remixed and used for immunization of chickens, the immune response was as poor as when the chickens were injected with untreated colostrum. An immuno-depressing agent in colostrum was indicated. When rabbits were immunized with clarified human colostrum, antibodies against five antigens were elicited, one of the antigens being dimeric IgA. The immuno-depressing agent is therefore not universal. The purified agent suppressed antibody formation in chickens against the haemocyanin of Jasus lalandii. The "activity" is therefore not specific for IgA and the remaining four antigens in human colostrum. The purified component is a glyco-protein with a hexose content in excess of 10%. The derivatized sugars prepared from it were shown by gas liquid chromatography to be an equimolar mixture of galactose, mannose and fucose. The molecular weight (Mr) of the purified component was found to be 72,000 by sedimentation and diffusion and 80,000 by SDS page using Mr reference standards. The properties of the immuno suppressor strongly suggest that it is the secretory piece of dimeric IgA. PMID- 3235117 TI - Phagocytic activity of peritoneal and omental macrophages of athymic nude mice. AB - Phagocytosis of synthetic microspheres was determined by peritoneal macrophages and omental dendritic cells of nu/nu and nu/+ BALB/c and C57BL/10.LP mice during ontogenetic development. The macrophages of nu/nu mice phagocytized comparably to those of the nu/+ littermates till day 10 of their life. On day 25, the phagocytic activity of nu/nu mice sharply decreased but returned to normal and higher values at the age of 2 months. Omental dendritic cells showed similar ontogenetic behaviour in their ability to engulf microspheres as was found for free peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 3235118 TI - Amniotic fluid lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatase in normal pregnancy. PMID- 3235119 TI - Neuroembryopathic effect of INAH on the cerebellum of chick embryo. PMID- 3235120 TI - Metabolic rate studies in females in pre and post menstrual phases and immediate metabolic effects of oral ingestion. PMID- 3235121 TI - A large mandibular primordial cyst. Case report. PMID- 3235122 TI - Pollution and sanitary quality of a stretch of Hooghly river in relation to human use. PMID- 3235123 TI - Cholera epidemic in Kharabera Purohitana, a village of west Rajasthan. PMID- 3235124 TI - Endometrial stromal proliferations--an enigma. PMID- 3235125 TI - Chondrosarcoma--light microscopic and ultrastructural examination in fine needle aspirates. PMID- 3235126 TI - Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood--ultrastructural immunohistologic and clinicopathologic correlation. PMID- 3235127 TI - Esophageal cancer in Punjab--evaluation of possible causative risk factors. PMID- 3235128 TI - A critical evaluation of testicular biopsy. PMID- 3235129 TI - Ischaemic bowel disease. PMID- 3235130 TI - Intracranial astrocytomas in children--a sixteen year study. PMID- 3235131 TI - Endometrial alkaline phosphatase activity in sterility (primary and secondary). PMID- 3235132 TI - Comparison of rapid serodiagnostic tests for antigen detection in typhoid fever. PMID- 3235133 TI - Serological investigations of a suspected case of human angiostrongyliasis. PMID- 3235134 TI - Lymphocytoma cutis--a case report. PMID- 3235135 TI - Splenic puncture for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 3235136 TI - Epidemiology, healthy policies and the pediatrician. PMID- 3235137 TI - Diagnostic approach to coarse facies. PMID- 3235138 TI - Looking beyond the child. PMID- 3235139 TI - Respiratory and heart rate patterns in term neonates. PMID- 3235140 TI - Indices of physical build, nutrition and obesity in school-going children. PMID- 3235141 TI - Maternal attitude and practices in initiation of newborn feeding. PMID- 3235142 TI - Infantile tremor syndrome. PMID- 3235143 TI - Pediatric emergencies: newsletter 8. PMID- 3235144 TI - Perinatal risk factors in neonatal bacterial sepsis. PMID- 3235145 TI - Rapid diagnostic tests in neonatal septicemia. PMID- 3235146 TI - Strategies which reduced sepsis-related neonatal mortality. PMID- 3235147 TI - Neonatal hypothyroxinemia. PMID- 3235149 TI - Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3235148 TI - Peritoneal dialysis in neonates with acute renal failure. PMID- 3235150 TI - Chloroquine psychosis. PMID- 3235151 TI - The DeSanctis-Cacchione syndrome. PMID- 3235152 TI - Cell differentiation, genes and cancer. Proceedings of a symposium. Osaka, 24-26 February 1987. PMID- 3235154 TI - Cooperativity of viral oncogenes in avian leukaemia. PMID- 3235153 TI - A novel transforming gene, hst. PMID- 3235155 TI - Intracellular factors involved in erythroid differentiation of mouse erythroleukaemia cells. PMID- 3235156 TI - Cadherins: key molecules for selective cell-cell adhesion. PMID- 3235157 TI - Microphthalmos with upper eye lid cyst--a case report. PMID- 3235158 TI - "Rural operating camps". PMID- 3235159 TI - Eye camps. PMID- 3235160 TI - Hairspray for cryo. PMID- 3235161 TI - The new import policy--a bold step in the right direction. PMID- 3235162 TI - The impact of lasers on glaucoma management. PMID- 3235163 TI - "Effect of topical timolol on intraocular pressure in the presence of systemic indomethacin in normal subjects". PMID- 3235164 TI - Failure in glaucoma surgery and its management. PMID- 3235166 TI - Intraocular pressure during haemodialysis. PMID- 3235165 TI - Trabeculectomy vs goniopunch--combined with cataract extraction. PMID- 3235167 TI - A new modified filteration surgery for neovascular glaucoma. PMID- 3235168 TI - Surgical management of contracted socket. PMID- 3235169 TI - Ocular injuries in union territory of Pondicherry--clinical presentation. PMID- 3235170 TI - Ocular injuries--in union territory of Pondicherry--visual outcome. PMID- 3235171 TI - Visual disorders in cerebral palsy. PMID- 3235172 TI - Loiasis (a case report). PMID- 3235173 TI - Growth of south Indian children during 6-12 years of age in relation to birthweight and gestational age. PMID- 3235174 TI - Relationship between birth weight and other neonatal anthropometeric parameters. PMID- 3235175 TI - Thigh circumference in assessing malnutrition in preschool children. PMID- 3235176 TI - Chloroquine induced psychosis. PMID- 3235177 TI - Serum lipids in neonatal cord blood in families with diabetes mellitus type-I. PMID- 3235178 TI - Brief fasting and cognitive functions in rural school children. PMID- 3235179 TI - Trichotillomania. PMID- 3235180 TI - Hemobilia due to ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm. PMID- 3235181 TI - Primary lymphomatous stricture of ileum. PMID- 3235182 TI - Rett's syndrome. PMID- 3235183 TI - Caudal regression syndrome. PMID- 3235184 TI - Maxillary osteomyelitis in a neonate. PMID- 3235185 TI - Mesenteric cyst causing intestinal obstruction. PMID- 3235187 TI - Perinatal mortality revisited. PMID- 3235186 TI - Choledochal cyst. PMID- 3235188 TI - High infant mortality in rural areas of Rajasthan: an analysis based on prospective study. PMID- 3235190 TI - Perinatal audit through Wigglesworth's classification. PMID- 3235189 TI - Improving access to MCH care facilities within existing health infrastructure. PMID- 3235191 TI - Intrathecal human tetanus hyperimmunoglobulin in neonatal tetanus. PMID- 3235192 TI - Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3235193 TI - National Seminar on Prevention of Childhood Accidents. PMID- 3235194 TI - Acute paraplegia as a presenting symptom of acute leukemia. PMID- 3235195 TI - Acute phenothiazine reaction. PMID- 3235196 TI - Congenital penile agenesis. PMID- 3235197 TI - Aphallia. PMID- 3235199 TI - Have SI units arrived in India? PMID- 3235198 TI - A cluster of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3235200 TI - Fetus in fetu. PMID- 3235202 TI - [Washed erythrocyte concentrates. A contribution to the problem of the effect of wash procedures and storage time on erythrocytes in the preparation of blood]. AB - The question of how often erythrocytes should be washed in order to obtain a protein-free and therapeutically efficient unit of washed red blood cells is still controversial. To obtain more information regarding this problem, 6 X 15 units of whole blood were washed 1-6 times with a saline solution immediately and after 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of storage. After each washing procedure the content of total protein, of immunglobulins A, G, and M and of complement factor C3 was determined in the supernatants, as well as the osmotic fragility in the corresponding erythrocyte sediments. The statistically analyzed results enabled us to describe the average degree of influences as equations and to recommend a preparation prescription. The results show that the protein levels decrease precipitously after the first and second washing procedures. The following 4 procedures have no significant effect. On the other hand, with increasing time of storage more washing procedures are necessary to reach the same results than with younger units. That is also true for the concentrations of immunoglobulins and complement C3. The osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes increases with each washing procedure as well as each day of storage. According to these results, an optimal, protein-free and effective unit of washed red blood cells is obtained when a 1-2-week-old unit of whole blood is washed 2-3 times. PMID- 3235201 TI - Improvement of blood component quality--automatic separation of blood components in a new bag system. AB - We report here on a new multiple bag system with top and bottom drainage of the primary bag which allows automatic separation of blood components on a routine basis. 100 units of 450 ml fresh whole blood (CPD) were centrifuged by hard spin centrifugation and then separated into leukocyte-poor red cell concentrates in additive solution (volume 284 +/- 22 ml, Hct 63.5 +/- 3.2%, platelets 3.1 +/- 1.4 X 10(9)/unit [3.1 +/- 1.2%], leukocytes 1.9 +/- 1.2 X 10(8) [8.3 +/- 5.0%]) and plasma (FFP) with acceptably low cell contamination (volume 262 +/- 33 ml, platelets 14.6 +/- 5.6 X 10(3)/microliter, leukocytes 0.04 +/- 0.03 X 10(3)/microliter). The residual buffy coat of whole blood stored for 16-20 h at room temperature was suitable for the preparation of leukocyte-poor platelet concentrates (n = 20; platelets 0.67 +/- 0.17 X 10(11) (69.8 +/- 15.0%); leukocytes 0.1 +/- 0.1 X 10(8] which showed quite good platelet function in vitro. The removal of leukocytes and platelets caused significantly less in vitro hemolysis during storage when compared to conventionally prepared red cell concentrates with and without buffy coat. Further advantages of the reduction of the cell contamination in red cell concentrates before storage are discussed. From this it can be concluded that leukocyte-poor red cell concentrates with less than 20% residual leukocytes should become the regular red cell preparation also for surgery, especially as the recommended separation technique can easily be performed on a routine basis. Red cell concentrates still containing the whole buffy coat are no longer acceptable. PMID- 3235203 TI - [Production of leukocyte-poor erythrocyte concentrates with bedside filtration. Effectiveness and practicability of a new filter system in comparison with 2 other systems]. AB - The effectiveness and practicability of a new filter (Leucostop LT) for the production of leukocyte- and platelet-poor red cells at the bedside was evaluated and compared with two other leukocyte removal filter systems for bedside use (Erypur b and Sepacell R-500 A). As for the residual leukocytes and platelets, we found no essential differences between the tested filter systems: The mean value of the leukocyte contamination was between 11.2 (Leucostop) and 14.3 X 10(6) (Erypur b), the mean value of the platelets between 1.0 (Sepacell) and 3.0 X 10(9) (Erypur) per unit by filtering one red cell concentrate (RCC) through the filter. The red cell recovery after priming the system with 200 ml of saline was between 94.4% (Erypur) and 99.6% (Leucostop). The Leucostop LT system showed the highest flow rate; even 16-day-old RCC could be filtered within 60 min at the bedside, whereas with the Sepacell R-500 A system only 2- or 3-day-old RCC could be filtered in this time. PMID- 3235204 TI - The potential of preoperative autologous blood donation to reduce intraoperative homologous blood transfusions in a municipal hospital. AB - The possibility of introducing autologous blood donation as a standard procedure in elective surgery is investigated, taking as an example a typical tertiary care municipal hospital. Homologous blood transfusions were necessary in 808 of a total of 10,128 cases. In 109 out of 311 cases, which amounts to 35% of all cases with elective surgery and homologous blood transfusion, autologous blood transfusion would retrospectively have been possible, saving a total of 327 blood units. PMID- 3235205 TI - Quantitative determination of sodium-octanoate in human serum albumin preparations. PMID- 3235206 TI - Multivariate discriminant analysis of the relationship between the hypo-osmotic swelling test and the in-vitro fertilizing capacity of human sperm. AB - Multivariate discriminant analysis was used to evaluate the usefulness of routine semen parameters and the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) as predictors of the in-vitro fertilizing capacity of human sperm as assessed by the zona-free hamster egg penetration assay (HEPA). Eighty-eight semen samples from untreated patients attending an infertility clinic were analysed. Semen samples were classified into the following three groups before statistical analysis: group 1--positive sperm penetration (greater than or equal to 10%, n = 39); group 2--borderline penetration rates for HEPA (greater than 0% but less than 10%, n = 39) and group 3--negative sperm penetration (0%, n = 10). The percentage of sperm with normal morphology and sperm count were found to be significant in discriminating between semen samples exhibiting different in-vitro fertilizing capacity. These two discriminating variables in combination gave an overall correct classification rate of 45.5%. The multivariate discriminant analysis was also performed after excluding the data of group 2 semen samples (n = 39), which exhibited borderline sperm penetration rates. As a result, three discriminating variables including semen volume, sperm count and the percentage of sperm with normal morphology were selected. These three variables in combination could accurately predict whether a semen sample would exhibit positive sperm penetration (group 1) or negative sperm penetration (group 3) with an overall accuracy of 75.5%. The percentage of swollen sperm after hypo-osmotic treatment was not related to the HEPA result, as determined by linear correlation and multiple regression analyses, and did not give additional information about the in-vitro fertilizing capacity of sperm as evaluated by multivariate discriminant analysis. PMID- 3235207 TI - Male factors and the likelihood of pregnancy in infertile couples. I. Study of sperm characteristics. AB - A prospective study of 394 infertile men was conducted over 3 years following a primary semen analysis. The cumulative pregnancy rate was 43 and 64% after 1 and 3 years, respectively. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the secondary infertile group. The study of various sperm factors and the occurrence of pregnancy showed that they were not of equal significance in predicting male fertility potential. The percentage of pregnancies decreased significantly only when the sperm concentration was less than 5 x 10(6)/ml. The pregnancy rate increased significantly with the percentage of motile sperm. The percentage of sperm with normal morphology was also found to be significantly higher when a pregnancy occurred than when the couple remained infertile (43.6% vs 37.7%). In a detailed morphological analysis of the sperm, six abnormalities (microcephaly, double head, amorphous head, cytoplasmic droplet, bent tail and coiled tail) were found to be significantly more frequent when a pregnancy did not occur. The most predictive value was given by the Multiple Anomalies Index (MAI), which is the mean number of abnormalities observed per abnormal sperm. The pregnancy rate was significantly lower after both 1 and 3 years when the MAI was greater than 1.6. Multivariate analysis showed that the best prognostic indicator of fertility was given by the percentage of motile sperm and the MAI, particularly in patients with primary infertility. PMID- 3235208 TI - Male factors and the likelihood of pregnancy in infertile couples. II. Study of clinical characteristics--practical consequences. AB - A prospective study of 394 infertile men was conducted over 3 years following a primary semen analysis. Simple comparisons between the groups of men whose partners conceived and those that did not, showed that the mean duration of infertility in the primary infertile group was significantly shorter when a pregnancy was observed, while age differed significantly between the two populations in the secondary infertile group. Multivariate analyses, taking these variables and sperm characteristics into account, showed that prognostic variables for the occurrence of pregnancy were the duration of infertility, sperm motility and the multiple anomalies index in the primary infertile group, and age of the male partner and percentage of normal sperm in the secondary infertile group. Tables for estimating the probability of observing a pregnancy as a function of these criteria are presented. In this study no positive influence of treatment on the occurrence of a pregnancy was found during the 3 years following the first semen analysis. PMID- 3235209 TI - Glycerophosphocholine in seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men. AB - Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) was measured in seminal plasma from 65 fertile men, 276 infertile men and 10 men before and after vasectomy, using a new enzymatic method. Extra-epididymal excretion of GPC accounted for 30% of the total seminal levels of GPC. From a diagnostic point of view, GPC determination did not appear to be a specific tool which could discriminate between secretory and excretory azoospermia. Although the seminal content of GPC was related positively to the total sperm count in both fertile and infertile men, there was an inverse relationship between the level of GPC and sperm motility when considering classes displaying the same total sperm count. This was observed in all classes from infertile men as well as in fertile men with a total sperm count lower than 200 x 10(6) sperm/ejaculate. These results suggest a possible role of GPC in the regulation of human sperm motility, which warrants further investigation. PMID- 3235210 TI - Selenium, rubidium and zinc in human semen and semen fractions. AB - The levels of selenium, rubidium and zinc were determined in samples of semen, seminal plasma and spermatozoa from men with suspected infertility, together with several parameters of semen quality. The proportion of whole semen selenium present in sperm increased with increasing sperm count from 0 to 40%. For rubidium 98 +/- 4% and for zinc 95 +/- 8% of the total amount in semen was contained in seminal plasma. In seminal plasma a positive correlation was found between the levels of zinc and selenium, and between the levels of zinc and rubidium, indicating that, like zinc, selenium and rubidium in seminal plasma also derive mainly from the prostate gland. Semen quality parameters, such as sperm motility, vitality, speed and morphology, were not correlated with the contents of the three elements in either whole semen or seminal plasma. As the seminal content of selenium is dependent on the proportion of prostatic secretion in seminal plasma and on the sperm count, and both factors can vary considerably, the selenium level of whole semen does not appear to be a suitable parameter for investigation of the relationship between selenium and semen quality. Provisional measurements suggest lower sperm selenium levels at abnormally low or high sperm counts. PMID- 3235211 TI - The histology of the carotid bodies in highlanders from Ladakh. PMID- 3235212 TI - Acute effects of air pollution changes in schoolchildren: the Gardanne coal basin study. PMID- 3235214 TI - Comparative bioavailability and in vitro characterization of two brands of diclofenac sodium enteric-coated tablets. AB - A bioavailability study and an in vitro characterization were conducted on two brands of diclofenac sodium enteric-coated tablets marketed in Jordan. The two brands were found similar in weight variation and content uniformity and both met the BP requirements of disintegration for enteric-coated tablets. The in vitro dissolution, according to the USP XXI method, revealed that brand B had significantly faster dissolution (99% of the drug dissolved in 1 h). The bioavailability was carried out on eight healthy male volunteers who received a single dose (2 x 50 mg) of each product in a crossover design. Blood samples were obtained over a 10 h interval and drug serum concentrations were determined using a sensitive HPLC assay. The two brands did not significantly differ with respect to peak serum concentration (4.4 and 4.5 micrograms.ml-1 for A and B, respectively) or to the lag time between dosing and the appearance of the drug in serum (1.06 and 0.88 h for A and B, respectively). Further, the two brands were not found significantly different with respect to the extent of absorption as indicated by the area under serum concentration-time curve (6.31 and 5.91 micrograms.h.ml-1 for A and B, respectively). Brand B, however, exhibited a significantly earlier time to attain peak serum concentration (1.2 h) compared to brand A (2.4 h). The difference in the tmax values is consistent with the in vitro dissolution pattern for the two brands. PMID- 3235213 TI - Control of massive vesical hemorrhage due to radiation cystitis with intravesical instillation of 15 (s) 15-methyl prostaglandin F2-alpha. AB - Intravesical instillation of 15 (s) 15-methyl prostaglandin F2-alpha (1 mg in 100 ml of normal saline on days 1 and 2, and 0.5 mg in 50 ml of normal saline on days 3 and 4) controlled massive vesical hemorrhage due to radiation cystitis in a 60 year female with carcinoma of uterine cervix. With the 1 mg dose, she developed severe bladder spasms and mild fever. No cardiac or respiratory side effect was observed. PMID- 3235215 TI - Blood and plasma viscosity after acipimox treatment in hypertriglyceridemic patients. AB - Acipimox, a nicotinic acid analog, is known to reduce the plasma lipid concentration in hyperlipidemic patients. In a study to check whether the drug improved hemo-rheological parameters, 21 patients (17 M, 4 F) with asymptomatic hypertriglyceridemia were treated with acipimox (250 b.i.d.) for 30 days. Plasma lipid concentrations were measured before and after therapy, together with blood and plasma viscosity. Mean plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased from 234 +/- 51 (SD) mg/dl to 202 +/- 53 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) and from 515 +/ 231 mg/dl to 298 +/- 130 mg/dl (p less than 0.01) respectively. Blood viscosity decreased (p less than 0.05 and less than 0.01) (range of reduction 6-20%) at all shear rates examined (from 2.25 s-1 to 450 s-1); plasma viscosity was significantly reduced only at lower shear rates (2.25 and 4.50 s-1). Changes in blood and plasma viscosity after acipimox treatment were not related to changes in plasma triglycerides. Acipimox seems to act beneficially on hemo-rheological parameters, independently of its hypolipidemic effect and could be usefully prescribed to patients with clinical signs of arteriosclerosis. PMID- 3235216 TI - High levels of tricyclic antidepressants in conventional therapy: determinant factors. AB - The incidence of potentially toxic serum levels (greater than or equal to 400 ng/ml) was analyzed in a group of 196 monitored patients on a standard dosage regimen (75-225 mg/day) of several antidepressants: imipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, maprotiline and clomipramine. Mean incidence was 12%. The maximum antidepressants serum levels in these patients ranged from 403 to 1,776 ng/ml. The drug/metabolite ratio was 1.5 +/- 0.7. Only in 23% of the cases did the clinical symptoms allow us to suspect the presence of potentially toxic serum levels. The factors that may contribute to the appearance of high serum levels were analyzed; these are: association of neuroleptic agents to the antidepressant therapy, advanced age and administration of doses above 2.5 mg/kg/day. In 64% of the patients, the clinical criteria suggested the need for a reduction in the dose, with a mean value of 42%. PMID- 3235217 TI - Calcium dobesilate and its effects on hemorheology and microcirculation. AB - In series, 50 patients suffering from cerebral (n = 33) and peripheral (n = 17) diseases were treated with 3 x 500 mg calcium dobesilate (Doxium) per day. Before onset of therapy and after 14 days the viscoelasticity of whole blood and plasma as well as hematocrit and microcirculation at the finger pad were measured. Viscoelasticity of whole blood, plasma and hematocrit decreased in a significant manner (p less than or equal to 0.001), while microcirculation increased significantly (p less than or equal to 0.001). The results justify the application of calciumdobesilate for ischemic diseases with elevated viscosity. PMID- 3235218 TI - Kinetics of a single dose combination of nifedipine/acebutolol in patients with chronic liver disease. AB - The plasma kinetics of a nifedipine/acebutolol fixed dose combination were estimated after a single oral dose in patients with chronic liver disease and in a healthy control group of the same age. The drug metabolism evidently slowed down in the group with chronic liver disease. The plasma elimination half-lives of acebutolol, diacetolol and nifedipine of these patients were about twice as long as that in the control group. Doses of these drugs should be accordingly reduced, particularly in cirrhosis. PMID- 3235219 TI - Differences in color discrimination between three cardioactive glycosides. AB - Color discrimination ability of 100 in-patients suffering from congestive heart failure and treated with digitoxin (D), pengitoxin (P), or digoxin (Dg) was determined with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test (FM 100) and compared with the color discrimination of 72 in-patients who were not treated with digitalis glycosides (control group C). Parallel to the performance of the FM 100, the glycoside plasma level was measured by radioimmunoassay. The total error score (TES) of the FM 100 was correlated with the glycoside plasma level and the patient's age. In the C as well as in the D or P groups up to 172 errors and in the Dg group up to 586 errors were observed. With the exception of Dg, no differences were observed between the regression lines indicating an age dependent increase in TES even under D or P treatment. In contrast to the two glycosides, Dg enhances the TES in therapeutically relevant plasma concentrations. The differences between the glycosides are due to differences in their volume of distribution and their plasma protein binding. PMID- 3235220 TI - Ethnic differences in narcotics addiction. II. Chicano and Anglo addiction career patterns. AB - Part I of this series compared characteristics of 546 Chicanos and Anglo men and women methadone maintenance (MM) clients. In Part II, specific differences between Chicanos and Anglos are analyzed, by sex, for each of five stages in the addiction career: preexperimentation, experimentation addiction, initial MM treatment, and posttreatment. The analysis examines narcotic and other drug use, arrest, incarceration and legal supervision histories, criminal involvement, employment, interpersonal relationships, and treatment history. Whereas preaddiction differences between addicts parallel ethnic differences found in the general population, after addiction occurs the similarities are greater than the dissimilarities between ethnic groups, except for Chicanas. Chicanos appear to continue to function as part of their community after addiction, but Chicanas appear to risk becoming marginal. Treatment outcomes for Chicanos were, in general, less successful than for Anglos. PMID- 3235221 TI - Specific familial transmission in substance abuse. AB - In contrast to studies on alcoholism, there is little documentation on familial transmission of drug abuse. This study was designed to determine whether specific familial transmission of substance abuse occurs: a greater incidence of drug abuse in probands with a family history of drug abuse than in those with a family history of alcoholism. Probands were 305 consecutively admitted patients to an inpatient chemical dependency treatment center, whose substance abuse/dependence diagnoses were based on DSM-III criteria and a structured interview. Family history data were obtained from each proband. Log linear analysis investigated the association between family and proband substance abuse. As abuse of nonalcoholic substances was significantly greater in probands with family histories of drug abuse, specific familial transmission is suggested. PMID- 3235222 TI - London's voluntary drug agencies. I. Funding and organizational management. AB - As one in a series reporting on DAIGE (Drug Agencies Information Gathering Exercise), this paper looks at funding and organizational management within voluntary drug agencies in London. The paper provides the opportunity for agencies to look at issues, vital to their survival, while offering future directions, focused on financial support and accountability. This discussion calls for active management and coordinated action regarding funding in the development of an overall strategy for voluntary drug agencies. It also highlights the need for funders, managers, and workers to assess together priorities for survival. PMID- 3235223 TI - Alcohol expectancies of Irish and Canadian alcoholics. AB - Recent approaches in alcohol research have dealt with the positive and negative expectations of drinkers regarding alcohol consumption. In this study 61 White male alcoholics from a residential treatment program in Ireland were compared with 53 White male alcoholics from a similar program in Canada on their rank ordering of 13 positive and 12 negative expected consequences from drinking. The Irish seemed to drink for social reasons, striving for tranquilization, detachment, and self-absorption. Their greatest concern was that tranquilization would fail, and they also feared the physical consequences of drinking. Canadians drank for social/sexual enhancement and worried most about trouble with authorities over aggression and getting into debt. PMID- 3235224 TI - Effect on traffic accidents of introducing Sunday alcohol sales in Brisbane, Australia. AB - Following introduction of Sunday alcohol sale sessions in Brisbane, there were significant increases in the number of Sunday casualty and reported property damage accidents. The increases still applied during a second 3-year after period. By contrast, none of the various control comparisons gave significant results in the same direction. It was concluded that the study had documented the ongoing adverse effect on traffic accidents of introducing Sunday sessions in Brisbane. PMID- 3235225 TI - Alcoholism in males with antisocial personality disorder. AB - Two hundred and sixty men entering an inpatient program for alcohol and drug treatment were interviewed and tested for cognitive disturbances and hepatic function. When the treatment group was separated by the presence or absence of antisocial personality disorder, the antisocial group was distinguished by several factors. Antisocial alcoholics were more likely to have an early onset of alcoholism and to be involved with other illicit drugs, and showed evidence of more problems with control of their drinking. They reported more alcohol-related problems as defined in DSM-III. Despite histories of a more severe form of alcoholism, the antisocials were no more likely to develop alcohol dependence or show signs of cognitive or hepatic toxicity. PMID- 3235227 TI - Costs and consequences of drug use: a comparison of health care utilization and social-psychological consequences for clinical and nonclinical adolescents and their families. AB - A retrospective (case control) design was used to compare adolescents in treatment for alcohol and drug problems and their families with adolescents and families not in treatment to determine: (1) the extent to which adolescents' drug using behavior was associated with greater physical and mental health services utilized by the adolescent and his/her family members over a period of 3 years; and (2) costs incurred for a health maintenance organization and social psychological consequences for the individuals and their families. On the average, those families with an adolescent with alcohol and/or drug problems use more health services, resulting in greater costs to the prepaid health plan than the costs for families with adolescents not in treatment or not using drugs. For both the adolescents and other family members, significant differences between groups were found for utilization of mental health services, but not for services for physical health. Consequences of drug use--relational, health related, and social/legal--were greatest for adolescents in treatment. Adolescents whose drug use was similar to those in treatment, but who were not in treatment, also experienced drug-related consequences; this group can be considered at high risk for alcohol and drug problems that, in the future, may require treatment. PMID- 3235226 TI - The relationship between physical and sexual abuse and illicit drug use: a replication among a new sample of youths entering a juvenile detention center. AB - The relationship between child physical and sexual abuse and illicit drug use are little understood and underinvestigated. Our previous study of this association found that a sample of detained youths' physical and sexual abuse experiences were related significantly and positively to their use of illicit drugs. Data gathered from a new sample of detained juveniles, interviewed 3 years after our first study, relating to this issue were examined and our previous findings were replicated. PMID- 3235228 TI - London's voluntary drug agencies. II: Staffing. AB - As one in a series of papers reporting on DAIGE (Drug Agencies Information Gathering Exercise) this paper looks at staff work and staff structure for voluntary drug agencies in London. This paper outlines the vital contribution these 123 staff have to make in the area of drug rehabilitation. The type of work that staff in all agencies are involved in covers four areas of work practice: direct service to clients (60% of the workload), staff administration (23%), staff training (9%), and financial administration (8%). The discussion calls for a reexamination of these four areas of work practice in the light of training and development needs as well as staff input as "local experts." It also suggests that for these staff, effective local action requires planned organization and an increased awareness of their needs. PMID- 3235229 TI - Prognosis in alcoholic rehabilitation: the relative significance of social, psychological, and medical factors. AB - The aim was to elucidate the relative importance of a wide range of patient characteristics (social, psychological, and medical factors) in prediction of alcoholic posttreatment functioning. The development of working capacity was recorded for 34 advanced alcoholics during 2 years subsequent to rehabilitation. The results indicated that external social characteristics, psychiatric symptoms, and alcohol-related medical symptoms were almost insignificant as predictors. However, two groups of significant psychological factors emerged (loneliness-low self-esteem, together with indolence-lassitude). The few social predictors indicated that the way of using alcohol (more extraverted and observable) was associated with a negative prognosis. PMID- 3235230 TI - Skin surface sampling for nicotine: a rapid, noninvasive method for identifying smokers. AB - We evaluated a novel, rapid, noninvasive method of skin surface air sampling that detects the presence of nicotine and therefore can identify smokers. The principle of the methodology involved is skin surface air sampling and ion mobility spectrometry. We studied 93 volunteers and patients; 50 of these gave a positive history for smoking. Skin surface sampling identified 49 of these 50 individuals. Fifty of the 93 individuals provided urine samples. Nicotine was detected in 22 of these urine samples by thin-layer chromatography. Skin surface sampling identified all of these patients. The combination of skin surface air sampling and ion-mobility spectrometry is a rapid, noninvasive screening method for separating smokers from nonsmokers. PMID- 3235232 TI - Cocaine abuse treated with phenelzine. AB - Cocaine abuse, a destructive and deadly worldwide problem, can be controlled effectively and inexpensively. Highly successful results in treating 26 cocaine abusing patients, most of whom failed other treatment modalities, were achieved with the use of phenelzine (Nardil, Parke-Davis). Phenelzine was chosen because cocaine is contraindicated in patients taking the medication and also because it reduces the craving for cocaine. Phenelzine is thought to correct the biochemical defects caused by chronic cocaine use, namely the depletion of brain dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Failure of treatment of cocaine abuse with other pharmacological agents is also presented. PMID- 3235231 TI - The relationship between hostility, smoking, and alcohol consumption in Mexican Americans. AB - We examined the effect of hostility on smoking and alcohol consumption using data from a three-generation study of Mexican Americans. The irritability subscale of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory was used as the measure of hostility. Moderate associations were found between alcohol consumption and irritability scores among middle- and younger-generation females, with generally weaker or nonsignificant associations found in males. Smoking was moderately associated with irritability in middle- and younger-generation females and in younger generation males. Differences in results by generation and gender are discussed as well as implications for future research. PMID- 3235233 TI - Are those adolescent to early adulthood drinking patterns so discontinuous? A response to Temple and Fillmore. PMID- 3235234 TI - Alcohol and social power between man and woman: the function of sex-role competence. AB - An experiment was performed testing whether the power distribution among men and women when one of the two is moderately intoxicated is dependent on the traditional sex-role characteristics of the interaction task. Thirty man/woman dyads were randomly assigned to three different experimental groups. In all groups the men drank a moderate dose of alcohol and the women remained sober. The task was to make decisions on tasks either of a neutral kind or of a traditional male or female kind. Power was measured in terms of both decision outcomes and interaction process. Results indicated that outcome power was dependent on type of task, while process power increased for the intoxicated men irrespective of type of task. The results are discussed in terms of a compensation hypothesis. PMID- 3235235 TI - The influence of dose, beverage type, and sex of interactor on female bar patrons' verbal aggression. AB - This field study is an investigation of the influence of dose, type of beverage, and the sex of the confederate on female verbal aggression. The results showed no consistent effects attributable to dose; drinking liquor resulted in less aggressive responses but only when subjects interacted with a female confederate. The results show that studies of alcohol and aggression that use only male subjects do not generalize to females in natural settings and suggest that nonpharmacological factors need more attention in this area. PMID- 3235236 TI - Optimization of the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay for the measurement of cell number and cytotoxicity. AB - We report some modifications of the semiautomated tetrazolium-based assay for the measurement of anchorage-dependent and -independent mammalian cells. The various factors affecting color production, such as the concentration of tetrazolium, incubation period, the type and volume of solvent, were optimized. Using KCN and daunorubicin as cytotoxic agents, the influence of dead cells was studied on the measurement. The assay was tested with mouse leukemia P388 cells, H69 small cell carcinoma cells growing in suspension and anchorage dependent colon adenocarcinoma cells (LoVo). Centrifugation of the microtitration plate was eliminated by the use of a Skatron supernatant collection system. Although the use of the MTT assay is rapid and precise, we found that care should be taken when using this assay for short-term cytotoxicity assays since non-viable cells also reduce the tetrazolium. PMID- 3235237 TI - Improved ELISA to measure thymosin alpha 1: comparison of whole and absorbed antisera. AB - An improved microELISA to measure thymosin alpha 1 (T alpha 1) is described which uses a rabbit antibody against T alpha 1 that has been absorbed with a synthetic C-14 fragment of T alpha 1. This assay is compared to the previous assay which used the whole antisera. The antibodies to T alpha 1 are preincubated with the standard or human sera overnight at 4 degrees C, then incubated for an additional 24 h in microtiter plates coated with T alpha 1. Using the whole antiserum, the average T alpha 1 level was 2480 +/- 1110 (mean +/- S.D.) pg/ml by ELISA and 2360 +/- 870 pg/ml by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in eight different samples of human cord sera. Using the N-specific absorbed antiserum the mean T alpha 1 level was 11,800 +/- 4800 pg/ml by ELISA and 10,600 +/- 5200 pg/ml by RIA. Recoveries of exogenously added T alpha 1 are complete (109 +/- 25% for whole and 108 +/- 15% for absorbed antisera). The absorbed antiserum has an increased affinity for the amino acid terminal region of T alpha 1 and the T alpha 1 values by use of absorbed antisera are significantly higher (3-5 x) than those measured using the whole antisera. Thus, the absorbed antisera produces an ELISA which is more sensitive and specific for serum thymosin alpha 1. PMID- 3235238 TI - Enkephalin activity on antigen-induced proliferation of human peripheral blood mononucleate cells. AB - The effect of the two opioid pentapeptides met- and leu-enkephalin and of the tetrapeptide TYR-GLY-GLY-PHE on the stimulated proliferation of human peripheral blood mononucleate cells (PBMC) is described. Cell populations obtained from different donors were induced to proliferate with a Candida antigen. In the presence of the antigen, met-enkephalin and TYR-GLY-GLY-PHE had a concentration dependent diphasic effect. The proliferation of PBMC was stimulated at high peptide concentration, while it was inhibited at the lower concentrations used. The effect of leu-enkephalin appears to be rather ambiguous, and directed towards the inhibition rather than the stimulation of PBMC proliferation. PMID- 3235239 TI - Tumoricidal and immunomodulatory activities of drugs and implications for therapy of mice bearing a late stage MOPC-315 plasmacytoma. AB - The effectiveness of a relatively low dose of cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg CY), melphalan (2.5 mg/kg L-PAM) or the monofunctional form of CY (150 mg/kg MoCY) for the cure of mice bearing a large primary s.c. MOPC-315 tumor and extensive metastases has been shown to be dependent on the cooperation of the drugs' tumoricidal activity with T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity, the latter facilitated by the drug's immunomodulatory activity. Here, we have compared the curative effectiveness of three additional drugs: methyl nitrosourea (MNU), hydroxyurea (OH-urea) and bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU). Among these drugs, only a relatively low dose of BCNU (15-20 mg/kg) was effective in curing most mice (85%) bearing a large, late stage tumor. A higher dose of BCNU (40 mg/kg, LD10) was much less effective. After an optimal dose of BCNU, the proliferative capacity of the tumor cells 24 h after therapy was reduced by greater than 97%. However, viable tumorigenic cells were still present in the primary tumor and enhanced T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity was necessary for their eradication. The cured mice were resistant to tumor rechallenge. When a low curative dose of L PAM was followed by OH-urea, the therapeutic effectiveness was not affected, but when this dose of L-PAM was followed by a high nontoxic dose of MNU (100-150 mg/kg), the therapeutic effectiveness was diminished even though MNU was highly tumoricidal (i.e. greater than 99% inhibition of proliferative activity). Thus, BCNU appears to be similar to CY, L-PAM and MoCY in its mechanism of MOPC-315 tumor eradication. The alkylating activity of CY, L-PAM, MoCY and BCNU appears to be critical for their combined tumoricidal and immunomodulatory effects. Since BCNU is the simplest of these four drugs with respect to metabolic pathway, a further study with BCNU and related constructs may shed some light on the biochemical mechanisms of their mode of action. At least one reason for the ineffectiveness of OH-urea or MNU at either low or nontoxic high doses was poor tumoricidal or immunomodulatory activity, respectively. Thus, it seems important to consider both the tumoricidal and immunomodulatory activities of drugs when developing regimens for effective chemotherapy. PMID- 3235240 TI - Regression induced by lentinan, of peritoneal carcinomatoses in a model of colon cancer in rat. AB - Lentinan has been tested in a model of colon cancer in rats. Peritoneal carcinomatoses were induced in BDIX rats by i.p. injections of syngeneic cells isolated from a colon carcinoma, and established in a permanent cell line. The treatment consisted of five i.p. injections, 2 days apart, of 2 mg lentinan/kg at a concentration of 200 micrograms/ml. This was started on day 14 after tumor cell injection, when the rats bore numerous nodules of 1-5 mm. Lentinan significantly inhibited the growth of carcinomatoses. Eleven out of the 20 rats treated with the best lentinan therapy were tumor free at autopsy on day 42. Lentinan significantly increased the life span of carcinomatous rats. The half life following tumor cell injection was 42 days in the control and 70 days in the treated group. Four out of 10 treated rats were still alive on day 210. They were tumor free at autopsy, whereas all the controls died between the 40th and the 70th day. The effectiveness of lentinan was dependent on the number and frequency of the injections. A dose effect was obtained and a strong influence of the concentration was shown. PMID- 3235242 TI - Evaluation of the socialist health policy in Greece. AB - Following seven years of military rule and seven years of "democratic restoration" under the Right, Greece is now sailing under the flag of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK). The Movement was inspired by the ideals of participatory democracy and socialization of the economy and of social services. A central part of socialist planning brought about the National Health System Act (1983) and related legislation intended to universalize health care, remove disparities, and restrict the private sector. It is argued here that the implementation of PASOK's statutory reforms in this field, as in others, will be subject to its ability to transform traditional patterns of production and consumption. As is now increasingly understood, it is hard to plan for socialism on the basis of wants provisions and patterns of consumption established under capitalism. PMID- 3235241 TI - AIDS funding: competing needs and the politics of priorities. AB - Despite the Department of Health and Human Service's 1983 claim that AIDS is the nation's "number one health priority," funding for AIDS research, prevention, and treatment remains inadequate. Worse, it is often marshaled from or juxtaposed against other necessary health allocations. Consequent AIDS-related resource crises include diverting funds for research on other diseases to AIDS investigations, propping up AIDS prevention efforts at the expense of traditional sexually transmitted disease control programs, and pitting the health needs of AIDS patients against the needs of those seeking other urgent health services, e.g., prenatal care. While this forced competition typically is blamed on fiscal constraints, examination of federal spending priorities suggests that it results principally from Reagan Administration policies. This Administration has consistently boosted military spending at the expense of social and health services, and has deliberately undermined efforts to obtain sufficient and new allocations for AIDS. In order to avert political divisions spurred by competition for currently scarce resources, AIDS and other health activists together must argue that excessive military allocations must be shifted to health research and services, and that a national health program must be implemented, if AIDS programs are to be funded appropriately without jeopardizing other necessary health initiatives. PMID- 3235243 TI - Racial inequalities in health: a challenge to the British National Health Service. AB - The existence of racial inequalities in health in the United Kingdom is examined using both indirect and direct data. The evidence strongly supports the view that the health experience of black and other ethnic minority groups is worse than that of the indigenous white population. Ways of improving this situation are outlined; they indicate the need for a coordinated Health service response incorporating planning, training, and equal opportunities in both service provision and employment practices. PMID- 3235244 TI - The profitization of health promotion. AB - In this article the author argues that not only is the marketplace an ineffective arena for health development, it is currently generating decision-making paths that obscure more effective perspectives and directions to promote Americans' health. To illustrate this premise, available evidence is presented that suggests that the use of "health promotion" by the proprietary sector, as well as the commercialization of health promotion, is creating decision-making processes that are not accountable to those whom they affect. This emerging infrastructure is characterized by organizations, programs, delivery channels, and evaluative criteria that do not give people's health priority over organizational interests. These developments require critical examination and work on alternatives if the promotion of health is to result in more health than hype. PMID- 3235245 TI - Commercial drug compendium information: a First World/Third World comparison. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine what differences exist in the content of commercial drug compendium monographs available in First World and Third World countries. A content model representing First World information was developed from monographs contained in the Physicians' Desk Reference, ABPI Data Sheet Compendium, and the Rote Liste. The content of the three First World compendia was found to be variable, with the Physicians' Desk Reference consistently more comprehensive than either the ABPI or Rote Liste. This result suggests that there is a lack of agreement among industrialized countries regarding what amount of information is necessary or appropriate for inclusion in a commercial drug compendium. A sample of 58 monographs was selected from four Third World compendia and evaluated in terms of comprehensiveness and accuracy. These monographs represented five commonly prescribed drugs from the World Health Organization's Essential Drugs List. The monographs were found to be less comprehensive than any of the three monographs contained in the First World compendia. Approximately 5 percent of the information contained in the sampled monographs was determined to be inaccurate. The sampled monographs for drugs supplied by multi-national pharmaceutical firms were found to contain the same amount of information as those for drugs supplied by domestic firms. PMID- 3235246 TI - The medical profession and the pharmaceutical industry: an unhealthy alliance. AB - The Canadian medical profession has a long history of allying itself with the Canadian pharmaceutical industry. This alliance exists on two levels: medical associations and medical journals. As a result of the alliance the traditional emphasis of the medical profession on the primacy of the welfare of the patient has been subverted in favor of the profit motive of the drug industry. Elements of the medical profession promote useless pharmaceutical research, poor physician prescribing, and physician involvement in educational activities controlled by the industry. Specific reforms to loosen the alliance are outlined, but ultimately the alliance will only be broken when the values of Canadian physicians change. PMID- 3235247 TI - Occupational health risks for Mexican women: the case of the maquiladora along the Mexican-United States border. AB - International reports of morbidity among female workers in Mexico's border zone have raised concern about the occupational health of female workers in maquiladora plants (foreign-owned border industries with special tariff benefits). Commentators have suggested that U.S. industries may be exploiting workers by transferring work to nations with less stringent health and safety regulation through the maquiladora program. Using data from a larger evaluation of the effectiveness of Project Concern and a specially developed questionnaire, this study investigated the extent to which female workers reported higher morbidity rates than women with other employment and women not employed outside the home in seven colonias (communities) in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Results showed essentially no difference in many short-term self-reported symptoms of illness among maquiladora workers and two other groups. Women who worked exclusively in the home reported the greatest number of symptoms. These results suggest that additional primary care services may be needed for women who have primarily domestic responsibilities. Additional research is needed to assess the risks for long-latency morbidity. PMID- 3235248 TI - Social epidemiology and the work environment. AB - A major theme in virtually all of Bertil Gardell's work is that the social and work environment affects health and well-being. This concern with the social environment has been a major influence in the development of a new area of research referred to as social epidemiology. In this area of work, difficulties are increasingly being recognized in identifying specific social factors in the environment toward which intervention programs can be directed. An approach to this complex problem is to focus attention on the "mini-environment" of the workplace. Research here has yielded several interesting hypotheses that may have important implications for studies of the larger environment. These hypotheses involve the concepts of control and participation, concepts that are central to all of Gardell's work. PMID- 3235249 TI - Workplace democracy and worker health: strategies for implementation. AB - A large body of literature documents that increased worker participation leads to improvements in the working environment. This article identifies the Swedish and Norwegian sources of some of this research and notes the link with social policy, namely, legislative reform in those countries. In contrast, the United States has resisted legislative solutions, but that may be changing. New strategies to democratize the workplace are a result of global economic competition, desire to reduce job stress and compensation costs, and more successful application of new technologies at work. These are examined and some conclusions are drawn about next stages in the reform efforts. PMID- 3235250 TI - Social class and cardiovascular disease: the contribution of work. AB - Low social class has been identified as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in highly industrialized countries. The authors discuss the social class concept in relation to psychosocial working conditions. Most of those psychosocial work characteristics that are of relevance to cardiovascular risk, namely, skill discretion, authority over decisions, and social support at work, are unevenly distributed across social classes--the lower the social class, the fewer the resources for coping with psychosocial stressors. Furthermore, biomedical risk factors for cardiovascular illness are also unevenly distributed across social class and associated with psychosocial work characteristics. The main conclusion is that part of the association between social class and cardiovascular illness risk may be due to differences in psychosocial work conditions. The psychosocial work conditions may affect the risk through either neuroendocrine mechanisms or lifestyle. Excessive tobacco smoking, for instance, may be enforced by poor working conditions. PMID- 3235251 TI - Democratizing occupational health: the Scandinavian experience of work reform. AB - Concepts such as alienation, dissatisfaction, and stress have been in use for several decades to indicate a major field of problems in working life, pertaining to the psychosocial aspects of work. In spite of the fairly broad recognition of the problems, it has proved difficult to create an effective strategy for work reform. The purpose of this article is to indicate some reasons for this difficulty and to attempt to deal with psychosocial issues that emerged as part of the Scandinavian work environment reforms of the 1970s. Although these reforms were only partly successful, they verified the point that efforts should not be limited to the semi-private sphere of the individual enterprise only, but must encompass legislation and other general parameters that arise from larger societal processes. The legislation, however, cannot be of the conventional kind. While it is necessary to bring the regulatory parameters of society to bear on such issues as the organization of work, innovations within the field of legislation are also needed. PMID- 3235252 TI - What is really true about the cosmetic industry? PMID- 3235253 TI - A funny thing happened. PMID- 3235254 TI - Koilonychia of the toenails in children. AB - Two hundred twenty-four children were examined for koilonychia of the toenails. Koilonychia was encountered in 55 out of 171 (32%) kibbutz children compared with 9 out of 53 (17%) of urban children (p less than 0.046). The most likely explanation for the increased prevalence of koilonychia in kibbutz children is habitual minor trauma associated with barefoot walking and frequent water immersion. PMID- 3235255 TI - Keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness (KID) syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia. AB - A 6-year-old boy with features of the keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome and cerebellar hypoplasia is the second case in which abnormality of cerebellum was detected by computed tomography, but is the first report of KID syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia. This finding, together with neurosensory deafness and other neuromuscular defects, may suggest that there is an underlying inborn error of nervous system in the KID syndrome. In vitro immunologic studies in this patient also showed a possible deficit in cellular immunity. PMID- 3235256 TI - Deep dermatophytosis to Trichophyton rubrum and T. verrucosum in an immunosuppressed patient. AB - A patient treated with immunosuppressant drug therapy for a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and who presented with a tinea corporis developed a sudden outbreak of numerous subcutaneous nodules. Deep-seated hyphae and spores were found in skin biopsy specimens. There was no evidence of keratin debris or histologic features of granulomata and giant cells. Cultures from tinea and nodules grew Trichophyton rubrum and T. verrucosum. There are no more than 60 cases of deep dermatophytosis reported in the literature. PMID- 3235257 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis from Guatemala or Yucatan due to Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. PMID- 3235258 TI - Stage IV-S metastatic neuroblastoma presenting as skin nodules at birth. PMID- 3235259 TI - Idiopathic atrophie blanche associated with digital infarction. PMID- 3235260 TI - Overweight and anthropometric changes in adulthood: a prospective study of 17,000 Finns. AB - Changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), and thickness of triceps and subscapular skinfolds were studied in 17,294 adult Finns who, as part of a health survey, were examined twice after an interval of 4 to 7 (average 5.7) years. During the follow-up, the mean weight and BMI rose in men and women below the age of 50 at entry, changed little in men aged 50-70 and in women aged 50-60, and rapidly declined at later ages. Individual weight changes were generally small; about two-thirds of the participants maintained their weight within 5 kg from the initial weight. About 9 per cent of the men and 4 per cent of the women gained 10 kg or more, and 2 per cent of the men and 4 per cent of the women lost 10 kg or more in 5 years. Weight loss was associated with old age and high initial BMI, whereas weight gain was most common in the young, even in those with a high initial BMI. Young overweight subjects need most attention in prevention and treatment programmes for obesity. PMID- 3235261 TI - The cognitive orientation of obesity. AB - The paper focuses on studying the cognitive determinants of obesity within the framework of the cognitive orientation (CO) theory. This theory assumes that cognitive contents and processes guide behavior, and specifies procedures for predicting and changing behaviors. The subjects were 64 obese and 64 nonobese women matched in age, height and other demographic variables. They were administered the MMPI and a CO questionnaire of obesity which assessed beliefs of four types (about goals, rules and norms, self and general beliefs) concerning 20 themes found to represent the meanings of food, eating and obesity. The results showed that the groups did not differ and had no elevated scores on any of the MMPI scales. The obese had higher scores than the controls on each of the belief types, an overall belief index, 19 themes and a conflict propensity measure. A discriminant analysis showed 88.3 percent correct identifications on the basis of the beliefs. Discussion focused on the role of conflicts and the different themes in obesity and on outlining the elements of a CO model of obesity with therapeutic implications. PMID- 3235263 TI - Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood. AB - The changes in weight-for-height of those from different social class backgrounds have been examined in the 1958 longitudinal study. Social class differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity were found to be negligible in childhood but marked by early adulthood, with a greater percentage of overweight and obesity in lower social classes. This different was three-fold among obese men and two-fold among obese women when respondents were classified on the basis of their own occupation. However, a longer term effect of early class backgrounds also emerged. Children from manual backgrounds were more likely to become overweight and obese young adults (7 per cent of those with average weight-for height at age 7) compared with their non-manual contemporaries (3 per cent). Interestingly, they were also more likely to remain overweight or obese through to early adulthood. Methods preventing weight gain in early life, whilst poorly developed at present, need to ensure that approaches are relevant to young people with lower social class backgrounds. PMID- 3235262 TI - The use of skinfold measurements to judge obesity during the early phase of Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome. AB - We report the first prospective longitudinal study of dietary intake, weight, height, and skinfold measurements during the early phase of four Prader-Labhart Willi syndrome (PLWS) individuals (two males and two females). Although caloric intake ranged from 80 to 90 percent of recommended daily allowance during our study of the four PLWS infants, obesity still occurred. Our findings suggest that the onset of obesity in PLWS individuals occurs earlier than previously thought in spite of reduced caloric intake. The infants in our study reached the obese range judged by skinfold measurements greater than the 85th centile at an early age and before they were considered heavy based on weight for height criterion. We propose that skinfold measurements should be obtained on all individuals with PLWS and obesity judged by this criterion. PMID- 3235264 TI - Inter-individual differences in fasting nutrient oxidation and the influence of diet composition. AB - The pattern of fasting nutrient oxidation was measured in 11 healthy women of widely different body mass index by measurements of indirect calorimetry and urinary nitrogen excretion on 12 consecutive days. The women were given a diet of normal composition (44.5 per cent energy as carbohydrate; 40.7 per cent energy as fat) for 6 days and a high-carbohydrate diet (54.4 per cent energy as carbohydrate; 30.8 per cent energy as fat) for 6 days, in amounts designed to maintain energy balance for each woman. The differences in fasting respiratory quotient (RQ) between the women on the same diet were highly significant (P less than 0.001). The fasting RQ and the fasting carbohydrate and fat oxidation were significantly different between the two dietary periods, with the average difference in fasting RQ (0.027) being of similar magnitude to the difference in the food quotient (FQ) (0.026) between the two diets. The differences in fasting nutrient oxidation between individuals and between diets suggest differences in the extent of overnight carbohydrate storage as glycogen. There was no evidence that these differences were related to the tendency to gain weight in these subjects. PMID- 3235265 TI - Regional differences in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in relation to body fat distribution and menopausal status in obese women. AB - Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was determined in the abdominal and femoral regions in 25 pre- and 25 post-menopausal obese women, matched for body mass index and fat distribution. LPL activity was not different in pre- and post-menopausal women. Regional differences of the same magnitude were observed in pre- and post-menopausal women with femoral obesity. Such differences were not found in women with abdominal obesity either pre- or post-menopausal. Furthermore the abdominal/femoral ratio of LPL activity was positively correlated (P less than 0.05) to waist/hip ratio, independently of age, body mass index, fat cell size ratio and menopausal status. These data indicate that in obese women the regional differences in LPL activity are related to body fat distribution. The menopausal status does not seem to be a sufficient and necessary condition to abolish the typical female regional differences in LPL activity in adipose tissue from obese women. PMID- 3235266 TI - Body fat distribution, plasma lipoproteins and the risk of coronary heart disease of male subjects. AB - Recent studies have related waist to hip ratio (WHR) to the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the causes underlying this relation are not fully known. The purpose of this study was to determine if waist to hip ratio is associated with the concentration of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins (apoproteins) that predispose individuals to a higher CHD risk. Plasma lipids and apoprotein concentrations were determined in 100 male volunteers, ranging in age from 19-68 yr, and WHR ranging from 0.89-1.09. Significant positive associations were found between WHR, plasma glucose (r = 0.25, P = 0.01), cholesterol (r = 0.21, P = 0.04), LDL cholesterol (r = 0.22, P = 0.03), triglycerides (r = 0.25, P = 0.01) and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.30, P = 0.002). Negative associations were found between WHR and HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.19, P = 0.05), plasma apoprotein A-I (4 = -0.28, P = 0.005) and the ratio of plasma apoprotein A-I to apoprotein B (r = -0.26, P = 0.01). To determine the extent to which these correlations were independent of age and body fat content, a subsample of 15 pairs matched on age and percent body fat, but differing in WHR was selected from the larger sample. In the group with high WHR (1.06) HDL cholesterol and apo A-I levels were lower and apo B higher than in the group with low WHR (0.96). Total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels in the group with high WHR were also higher but marginally significant statistically. These results show that WHR is associated with plasma lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations that are more predisposing to CHD and that males with male type obesity may be at a higher risk of CHD development than those with female type, regardless of age or degree of obesity. PMID- 3235267 TI - Disruption of light-dark cycle of feeding and drinking behavior, and ambulatory activity induced by development of obesity in the Zucker rat. AB - To clarify the contribution of abnormalities and disruption of the light-dark cycle of feeding behavior during obesity progression in Zucker rats, feeding, drinking and ambulation were measured at four different stages of obesity. In the obese rats, the nocturnal pattern of feeding, drinking and ambulation shifted gradually into the light period with the progression of obesity. The lean rats however were unaffected. In the analysis of meal parameters, nocturnal dominance of meal size in the obese disappeared by 12 weeks of age and that of meal frequency was lost by 30 weeks of age. This disruption of the light-dark cycle in meal parameters appeared uneven at different stages indicating that synergistic impairment of meal size and meal frequency might contribute to the impairment of the nocturnal feeding pattern, which leads, in part, to the development of obesity. PMID- 3235268 TI - Association for the Study of Obesity. Meeting of 30 June 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3235269 TI - Variable effects of weight loss on serum lipids and lipoproteins in obese patients. AB - After a 500 calorie diet and 6 months of low fat, maintenance diet, weight, serum lipid, and lipoprotein levels were compared to baseline in 46 obese patients. Mean weight decreased by 25.9 percent (29.2 kg). Mean total (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) decreased by 5.5 percent (12.1 mg/dl), 11 percent (15.5 mg/dl) and 23.6 percent (34.5 mg/dl); mean high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased by 20.6 percent (10.3 mg/dl) and TC/HDL-C decreased by 25 percent (1.2), P less than 0.01. Females and males had equal increases in HDL-C. The decrease in TG and TC in patients who continued to lose 4.2 kg during the 6 month maintenance period was significantly greater than in those who regained 7.8 kg (P less than 0.015). Greater changes in HDL-C and TC/HDL-C occurred in younger individuals (r = -0.35 and r = -0.37); in those with more abnormal initial values (r = -0.60, r = 0.64); and for HDL-C, a larger increase occurred in those with greater weight loss (r = 0.32; P less than 0.04). PMID- 3235270 TI - The energy density of weight loss in semistarvation. AB - The energy density of weight loss in semistarvation has been calculated using the two-reservoir energy model and has been found to be 4436 +/- 869 kcal/kg (18.57 +/- 3.60 MJ/kg). For the first 12 weeks of the semistarvation period, the coefficient of variation was 0.19 indicating that the energy density was reasonably constant. The value reported here is considerably less than the commonly accepted value. Calculation of the energy density of the change in the lean body mass shows a general decline in value which we attribute to a decrease in the rate of protein catabolism. The initial protein loss rate was 0.48 +/- 0.12 kg/wk while the average protein loss rate for the second 6 weeks of semistarvation was found to be 0.12 +/- 0.03 kg/week. It is also shown that the response time of the lean body mass decrease was 64 +/- 2 days while that of the fat store decrease was 135 +/- 4 days. PMID- 3235271 TI - Influence of genetic obesity and of fat-feeding on hepatic FABP concentration and activity. AB - When lean and obese Zucker rats were fed a low-fat diet (6.5 percent lipid derived energy) their hepatic fatty acid binding protein (FABP) concentrations and activities were comparable. After 18 days of fat-feeding (57 percent lipids) FABP concentration and activities were significantly increased to the same extent in both genotypes. Thus hepatic FABP levels are subject to modulation by dietary lipids but not by genetic obesity. PMID- 3235273 TI - Contribution of decreased body mass to diminished thermic effect of exercise in reduced-obese men. AB - Reduced energy expenditure after weight loss contributes to the difficulty which obese individuals face in maintaining a lower body weight. To evaluate the contribution of decreased energy cost of physical activity at a lower body weight to diminished total energy expenditure, two groups of unconfined obese men were studied before and after a 22 percent weight loss. A control group received a 700 cal diet alone whereas the experimental group, while consuming an identical diet, wore a vest into which weights were inserted twice weekly to exactly compensate for body weight loss. In the control group the total daily caloric requirement for weight maintenance fell by 916 +/- 121 kcal/day (3834 +/- 507 kJ/day) in contrast to only a 404 +/- 192 kcal/day (1691 +/- 804 kJ/day) fall in the experimental group at full exogenous weight replacement (P less than 0.001). Body composition, maximal exercise performance, and resting metabolic rate were unaffected by weight replacement. Activity levels decreased at the same rate in both subject groups with progressive weight loss. In conclusion, loss of body weight reduces the energy cost of physical activity sufficiently to account for more than half of the major fall in energy expenditure noted in free-living men after weight loss. PMID- 3235272 TI - Influence of food restriction coupled with weight cycling on carcass energy restoration during ad-libitum refeeding. AB - Mature (450 g) rats were subjected to food restriction (60 percent of usual intake) with or without weight cycling (produced by cycles of 3 days of fasting followed by 7 days of refeeding). Weight cycling did not affect body weight, body composition, or food efficiency during the restriction period. However, the group subjected to weight cycling (WC) had an elevated level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the epididymal adipose tissue as compared to the group receiving a constant amount of food each day (CO). After 40 days (four 10-day cycles) of food restriction, rats were allowed ad-libitum access to a stock diet for 18 days. WC rats restored carcass energy more rapidly, with a greater food efficiency than CO rats. Carcass energy was not totally restored at the end of the 18-day period, but WC rats had regained significantly more total carcass energy and total fat-free dry weight (FFDW) than CO rats. Food intake during refeeding did not differ significantly between WC and CO rats. These results suggest that weight cycling in a food-restricted program has the potential to increase food efficiency during a subsequent refeeding period. PMID- 3235274 TI - Long-term body weight fluctuation in an overweight population. AB - Weight loss programs report such low percentages of overweight subjects who lose weight and maintain the loss that the concern arises whether these results represent anything more than baseline population weight fluctuations. In this study, weights recorded for medical purposes at two clinic visits separated by intervals of 1 to 5 years were analysed for 332 adult patients who were initially at least 20 percent over their ideal body weight. Weight change calculations for this general patient population revealed that 219 (66 percent) had increased in weight by a mean of 5.7 kg, and that 113 (34 percent) had decreased in weight by a mean of 5.3 kg. The 59 patients measured over a 5-year interval showed an 'apparent body weight loss' for 31 percent of this sub-group with a mean decrease of 7.3 kg. Weight loss studies and programs must demonstrate a rate of weight loss maintenance beyond that of a control group before attributing 'weight loss' in a population to any factor other than normal weight fluctuation. PMID- 3235275 TI - Site-specific and sex differences in the rates of fatty acid/triacylglycerol substrate cycling in adipose, tissue and muscle of sedentary and exercised dwarf hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). AB - Site-specific and sex differences in fatty acid/triacylglycerol substrate cycling in adipose tissue and muscle were found in vivo in adult hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) fed ad libitum, both at rest and immediately after moderate exercise. In adipose tissue, rates of fatty acid/triacylglycerol cycling at rest were highest in two small intermuscular depots and lowest in the groin, behind forelimb, epididymal and kidney sites. Cycling rates were significantly higher in the groin and in the two depots around the forelimb in females. Following an hour of exercise in a hamster ball, the rates of fatty acid/triacylglycerol cycling rose significantly in the intermuscular and certain superficial adipose fatty depots of both sexes, but the increases were more uniform in males. In females only, cycling rates in the skeletal muscles also increased significantly. The rates of fatty acid/triacylglycerol cycling in adipose tissue correlate closely with the site-specific activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase, but not with mean adipocyte volume per se. The data are consistent with the hypotheses that adipose depots are depleted selectively during exercise and that there are sex differences in the pattern of lipid mobilization. PMID- 3235276 TI - American Society for Bariatric Surgery, 5th annual meeting. Iowa City, Iowa, June 1-3, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3235277 TI - Depression and the reporting of diabetes symptoms. AB - The relationship of diabetes symptoms to current mood and general metabolic control was studied. Symptoms commonly associated with poorly controlled diabetes (e.g., thirst, polyuria, weight loss) were measured in 114 patients with diabetes mellitus (type 1 = 57, type 2 = 57). Scores for these individual symptoms were correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). HbA1 was poorly correlated (r less than 0.2) with nine of the eleven symptoms and made a significant independent contribution only to the reporting of polyuria (p = 0.04). In contrast, depression was moderately correlated with nine symptoms and had a significant effect on the reporting of two of three hyperglycemic symptoms, five of six hypoglycemic symptoms, and both nonspecific symptoms of poor control (p less than 0.05 for each). We conclude that many reported symptoms often attributed to diabetes are more related to depressive mood than to a conventional clinical measure of blood glucose control. Diabetes symptoms may be unreliable indicators of poor metabolic control when features suggestive of depression are present. PMID- 3235278 TI - Screening emergency room patients with atypical chest pain for depression and panic disorder. AB - In response to recent reports relating atypical chest pain to normal coronary arteries and to various types of psychopathology, we developed a pilot study to investigate 1) the prevalence of depression and panic disorder among patients presenting to an emergency room with atypical chest pain, and 2) what the likelihood is of an emergency room physician recognizing the psychosocial factor. Of forty-nine subjects screened, 39 percent scored positively for depressive syndrome on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression rating scale, 43 percent met criteria for panic attack and 16 percent met criteria for panic disorder by DSM-III. Although thirty subjects (61%) screened positively for depression or panic attack, only one received a psychiatric diagnosis of any kind. This pilot study suggests: 1) that the relationship between chest pain and psychopathology in emergency room patients deserves further rigorous study; 2) that depression and panic attacks in association with atypical chest pain may be underdiagnosed by the emergency room physician; and 3) that self-report screening measures as an aid to diagnosis in this population need to be more closely investigated. PMID- 3235279 TI - Self-report depression scales in the elderly: the relationship between the CES-D and ZUNG. AB - Depression is one of the most common mental health problems in the elderly, but there is little consensus about the best way to assess depression in the aged. The relationship between the CES-D and the ZUNG self-report depression scales was investigated in seventy-eight elderly people with osteoarthritis (mean age 71). The correlation between the scales was r = .69, with the CES-D classifying 15 percent of the participants as depressed, as compared to 6 percent by the ZUNG. Psychological symptoms had the strongest relationship with overall depression scores on both scales. No sex differences were found on psychological items on either scale, but females reported more somatic symptoms on the ZUNG. People over age seventy-four reported more psychological symptoms than their younger counterparts. PMID- 3235280 TI - Parent attitudes and child personality traits in hemophilia: a six-year longitudinal study. AB - Using standardized instruments, personality traits of twenty-two hemophilic boys and child-rearing attitudes and practices of their parents were evaluated at the beginning and end of a six-year period, during which psychosocial services were provided in a comprehensive care hemophilia program. The children changed significantly in a positive direction on two traits, enthusiasm and self reliance. No significant negative personality trait changes were found. Scores remained within the normal range on the remaining traits, with the exception of a significant positive elevation on the intelligence dimension at both pre- and posttest. Mothers and fathers scored positively compared with parental attitude norms during both the initial and follow-up evaluations, without significant changes in overall mean scores. Strong relationships were revealed between individual changes in child personality and parent attitude scores. Despite the fact that between pre- and posttest boys with hemophilia and their parents became aware of the risk of contracting AIDS from blood product use, personality traits and parent child-rearing attitudes remained positive. PMID- 3235281 TI - Affective and anxiety disorders in the long-term follow-up of anorexia nervosa. AB - This study investigated the incidence and onset of affective and anxiety disorders in women who were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa five to fourteen years earlier. Based on the clinical outcome of anorexia nervosa, patients were classified as asymptomatic, improved or symptomatic. Affective and anxiety disorders were assessed by a structured psychiatric interview (Diagnostic Interview Schedule). Results indicated that affective and anxiety disorders developed frequently, regardless of outcome of anorexia nervosa. Major depression and anxiety disorders developed before the eating disorder in one-half and three quarters of these cases respectively. The symptomatic group had a significantly higher incidence of anxiety disorders prior to the development of their eating disorder compared with the asymptomatic group. PMID- 3235282 TI - The Beck Depression Inventory as a screening device for major depression in renal dialysis patients. AB - Self-report measures of depressive symptoms have been frequently employed in medically ill samples despite the lack of information regarding their psychometric properties in these subjects. We have examined the agreement of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) with DSM-III diagnoses of depression in a sample of renal dialysis subjects (n = 99). A threshold of greater than or equal to 15 on the BDI produced optimal sensitivity (.92), negative predictive value (.99), and maximized Youden's index of validity (.72) for the use of the BDI as a screening device for depressive syndromes in dialysis patients. Higher BDI threshold levels decreased the sensitivity of the measure but did not produce a clinically meaningful increase in the positive predictive value. PMID- 3235283 TI - The tip of the iceberg: psychiatric consultations on an orthopedic service. AB - One hundred and one consecutively admitted orthopedic patients with leg fractures participated in a study assessing psychiatric morbidity using the BSI- and SMAST questionnaires. Patients identified as probable cases of psychopathology were then psychiatrically evaluated to establish diagnoses. It was determined that about 70 percent of the sample met the criteria for psychiatric diagnoses, with substance abuse being the leading group of disorders. The psychiatric consultation-liaison and orthopedic services remained blind to the research activities and continued to refer patients for psychiatric consultation when clinically necessary. Only six (5.9%) of the patients also participating in the study were referred for clinical consultation, and these appeared to have very obvious symptoms or complaints. The large majority of emotional distress remained unnoticed. PMID- 3235284 TI - Congenital cardiac outflow tract anomalies and otitis media. AB - The neural crest is involved in the differentiation of the cardiac outflow tract and branchial arches. Branchial arches one and two give rise to the eustachian tubes. Anatomically different eustachian tubes (e.g., short length) are found in persons prone to otitis media. We hypothesized a relationship between outflow tract anomalies and eustachian tube anomalies. The medical records of 238 children with a catheterization diagnosis of congenital heart disease were reviewed for otitis diagnoses. Children with syndromes known to be associated with recurring otitis media were excluded. Recurrent otitis media was recorded in 32.2% of those with outflow tract anomaly, significantly (P less than 0.03) higher than the 18.9% rate in children with a cardiac anomaly not involving the outflow tract. Neither race, sex, nor cyanosis seemed to account for the differing rates of otitis. These data may support the concept of a field defect arising from neural crest cells that influences the development of the cardiac outflow tract and eustachian tubes. PMID- 3235285 TI - Children with inadequate language development: management guidelines for otolaryngologists. AB - Otolaryngologists are in the front line of physicians asked to evaluate children whose language development is lagging. The 4 most prevalent conditions to consider in the differential diagnosis are impaired hearing, mental deficiency, developmental language disorder or dysphasia, and one of the disorders on the autistic spectrum. Guidelines on when to become concerned and what to do about such children are provided. Early diagnosis is essential in order to provide remedial education at the language learning age when intervention is likely to be most efficacious. PMID- 3235286 TI - Pediatric neck masses: guidelines for evaluation. AB - Neck masses are frequent findings in the pediatric population. Unlike the adult, there are few established guidelines for evaluation of these children. The etiology of cervical masses includes many conditions. Knowledge of these conditions and their clinical presentations is essential. To elucidate the clinical characteristics which may help in establishing a correct diagnosis, the charts of 445 patients with biopsies of neck masses performed at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were analyzed. There were 244 (55%) congenital lesions, 118 (27%) inflammatory lesions, 23 (5%) non-inflammatory benign masses, 12 (3%) benign neoplasms, and 48 (11%) malignancies. The preoperative diagnosis was correct in 270 (61%) patients. Guidelines are established for the evaluation of the child presenting with a neck mass. PMID- 3235287 TI - Benign nasopharyngeal teratomas in the neonate. AB - Two cases are described of benign teratoma arising in the nasopharynx and presenting with difficulty breathing in the neonatal period. Preservation of the airway is paramount during assessment. Radiology and subsequent examination under anaesthetic, precede removal of the teratoma by snare. This is usually uncomplicated but bleeding has been reported. Complete removal cures the airway problem and follow-up is usually uneventful. A review of the classification and aetiology by these lesions is included. PMID- 3235289 TI - Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea in a deaf infant. AB - Spontaneous (congenital) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea is a rare occurrence with less than 100 cases being reported in the literature. In infants and children, it may present as otitis media with effusion. A 4-month-old infant, who was diagnosed with severe to profound sensorineural hearing impairment and spontaneous CSF otorrhea, initially presented with otitis media with effusion. The patient presentation, diagnostic dilemmas and pathophysiology of this rare but interesting problem are discussed. PMID- 3235288 TI - Craniofacial approach for the neonatal management of frontonasal encephalocoeles. AB - Three nasofrontal encephalocoeles managed at the University of South Alabama Medical Center are presented. Each consisted of abnormal brain originating from one frontal lobe, although the amount of cerebral tissue and the accompanying skin and meningeal layers varied. The encephalocoeles protruded through a defect in the anterior skull base near the cribiform plate. Repair in the neonatal period was required in two of the infants because of the size of the lesion and obstruction of the nasal airway. The operative approach utilized a bifrontal craniotomy with resection of the encephalocoele intradurally, repair of the anterior cranial fossa dura and osteoplastic repair of the foramen cecum defect. The closure of the facial defect depended upon the nature of the skin covering the herniation; either absence or excess of skin occurred. The preoperative evaluation disclosed associated congenital deformities in 2 of 3 patients in this series. Computerized tomographic scanning was of importance in preoperative planning. The operative technique can be modified to allow for each child's unique anatomy. Repair of nasofrontal encephalocoeles in the neonatal period may simplify the required operative procedures. PMID- 3235290 TI - Clinician-rated symptoms and signs of depression in aged Finns. AB - The study describes symptoms and signs of depression in elderly (60 years or over) Finns. Lists of symptoms and signs assessed by the examining physicians in a population study were used in rating, and the symptoms and signs of persons diagnosed as depressed were compared to those of persons who were not depressed. The commonest symptoms both in men and women were sleep disturbances, fatiguability, loss of interest, depressed mood, loss of activity, pains, pessimism and sense of uselessness. In addition, worry was a common symptom in women. Hallucinations and other delusions than those about unforgivable behaviour were very uncommon. Loss of libido did not strongly indicate occurrence of depression, and in persons aged 70 years or over it could not be included in symptoms of depression. Sex differences in the commonest symptoms of depression were evident: worry, crying spells, helplessness, loneliness, suicidal ideas and pains were more common in depressed women than in depressed men. Some age differences in symptoms were also found both in men and in women. Sad expression was a common sign of depression in both sexes. In addition, slow movements, scarcity of gestures and slow speech were quite common signs in depressed men and stooping posture was quite common in depressed women. PMID- 3235291 TI - Follow-up study of patients with attempted suicide. AB - Patients with a suicide attempt were re-examined 3 to 8 years after treatment in a crisis intervention ward by use of a semi-structured interview and self-rating scales. Their psychosocial development during the study period was evaluated in regard to number and quality of life-events, coping-behaviour and self-concept, sociodemographic variables, the subjective evaluation of the treatment in the crisis intervention ward by the patients and their compliance in respect of the proposed aftercare. Conclusions for treatment and further rehabilitation of patients with suicide-attempt will be drawn. PMID- 3235292 TI - Measuring patient satisfaction with life in a long-stay psychiatric hospital. AB - A survey of patient satisfaction with physical and social conditions was carried out in the long-stay wards of a large inner city psychiatric hospital in London, Britain. Patient satisfaction was assessed by means of an administered questionnaire which was developed specifically for this purpose. Factor analysis identified eight components of patient satisfaction. Of 143 eligible patients, 104 (73%) successfully completed the interview. Responses showed that patients were generally satisfied with life in the hospital, although levels of satisfaction varied significantly among wards. The factors causing greatest dissatisfaction related to failure to be treated as individuals and to feelings of isolation and apathy. Our findings showed that patients can express views about their conditions which should be useful in planning improvements in care. The questionnaire proved a simple and effective method of measuring satisfaction and may be useful to others concerned with improving the quality of the environment of patients. PMID- 3235293 TI - Life events and onset of obsessive compulsive disorder. AB - Life events were evaluated for a period of one year prior to onset of obsessive compulsive disorder in 32 subjects with a maximum duration of illness of two years and compared with a matched healthy volunteer group. There was a significant excess of life events in the six months prior to the onset of the illness. Undesirable, uncontrolled life events in the area of health and bereavement occurred more commonly in obsessive compulsive disorder. PMID- 3235294 TI - Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a questionnaire survey of a self-help group. AB - Ninety-three of 217 members of a self-help group for sufferers from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) completed a detailed questionnaire concerning psychological symptoms, biographical data, and the family and social context of their disorder. Eighty-one respondents (49 women) met DSM-III-R criteria for OCD, and the data are based on these. The mean duration of OCD was 18 years, and 74% of respondents rated their symptoms as extremely, very, or fairly severe for at least 50% of the time since onset. Respondents had received a great deal of psychiatric and psychological treatment, and rated behaviour therapy and individual psychotherapy as the most effective. Women employed outside the home reported significantly less obsessional symptoms than those who were not. Significantly raised scores on a measure of perceived parental protection, and significant correlations between parental overprotection and the amount of psychiatric treatment, suggest avenues for new research in the area. PMID- 3235295 TI - Does DSM-III-R diagnose depression in non-Western patients? AB - The author reports the cases of three non-Western patients with impaired functioning due to symptoms of major depression. Their characteristic style of symptom expression was different from the usual manifestations, emphasizing vegetative rather than cognitive and affective aspects of depression. Non-Western patients may be either misdiagnosed or overdiagnosed, which may complicate their assessment and treatment, because the diagnostic criteria used reflect Western values of behaviour. To improve the treatment of non-Western patients who seek therapy for depressive symptomatology in Western countries, therapists should seek broader understanding and deeper appreciation of non-Western belief systems and cultural differences. PMID- 3235296 TI - Reconstructive microsurgery of the upper urinary tract. AB - The applications of microsurgery in the reconstruction of the injured ureter using a double-layer end-to-end anastomosis and in the repair of ureteropelvic junction obstruction using modified pyeloplasty techniques are described in detail. The advantages of the use of microsurgical techniques in reconstructive surgery of the upper urinary tract are elimination of routine urinary diversion, shorter duration of hospitalization and a higher success rate. Therefore, the application of microsurgery is cost-saving. PMID- 3235297 TI - Pelvi-uretero-cutaneostomy en-Y as a temporary diversion in children. Soroka experience. AB - Improved surgical techniques and instrumentation may facilitate an aggressive approach in correcting lower urinary tract abnormality in one stage in seriously ill children, but nevertheless be complicated and dangerous. Temporary diversion is still being used by some as a life-saving procedure as well as for salvage of the kidneys initially. Pelvi-uretero-cutaneostomy en-Y (PUC en-Y) has been proved to be a very useful approach with some advantages over the other temporary drainage procedures. The clinical material, indications, results and modifications are discussed. Reference is made to a case illustrating the potential danger of loop ureterostomy. PMID- 3235298 TI - Composition and structure of renal and ureteral calculi in patients under covalitin therapy. AB - We examined the composition and texture of 53 urinary calculi from patients receiving Covalitin therapy. The texture of the infection stones and of concrements containing mainly apatite showed no changes as compared to concrements from control groups receiving no such therapy. Calcium oxalate stones more often showed a whewellite texture (Type 2) and a less frequent occurrence of weddellite (Type 4) as compared to the control groups. Surface or marginal changes indicating a possible litholysis could not be shown. PMID- 3235299 TI - Triple malignancy of the genitourinary tract. AB - A patient is reported on who metachronously presented with renal cell carcinoma, urothelial cancer of the bladder and prostatic cancer. PMID- 3235300 TI - On the transurethral treatment of urethrostenosis in males. AB - The paper deals with the authors' own experience in endoscopic treatment of urethrostenosis in males. Since 1980, 86 patients have been treated in this manner. Good results were obtained in 60 (70%) after one surgical procedure and in 18 (21%) after two operations. Two patients were operated upon by routine methods. We are of the opinion that transurethral treatment of urethrostenosis in males is an easy and simple method which may yield -- if properly performed -- very good therapeutic results, but requires appropriate equipment and high surgical skills. PMID- 3235301 TI - Fournier's gangrene. Experience in the treatment of gangrenous inflammation of the male genitals. AB - Four cases of acute gangrenous inflammation of the male genitals are discussed, after a brief review of the literature, with reference to the authors' own experience. In addition to dermal and fascial necrosis the disease causes severe sepsis and shock. Characteristics include rapid progression, occasionally in a matter of hours, and high rate of mortality. Attention is called to the importance of early surgical intervention and to the difficulties in combatting the septic shock. PMID- 3235303 TI - Physical methods used in the complex therapy of chronic non-specific urinary tract diseases. AB - A total of 237 patients with non-specific diseases of the urinary tract have been examined and treated. The observations conducted indicate that correctly chosen therapeutic techniques in this category of patients palliate the inflammatory process, normalize the function of the kidneys, and thus provoke a positive effect on the course of chronic pyelonephritis and cystitis by enhancing the urodynamics of the lower urinary tract. PMID- 3235302 TI - Ultrasound guided percutaneous biopsy or operative biopsy in patients with renal impairment? AB - Sixty-four percutaneous renal biopsies under ultrasound guidance done in 60 patients with renal impairment are compared with 33 open, operative biopsies. In 62 percutaneous biopsies (96.8%), more than 3 glomeruli could be obtained. Eight biopsies (12.5%) presented with minor complications afterwards. All of them were spontaneously reversible. In the operative biopsy group, there were complications in 6 patients (18.2%). In 2 cases, operative revision was necessary. In conclusion, percutaneous ultrasound guided biopsy in experienced hands offers several advantages in patients with renal impairment. It must be kept in mind that from a minority of patients only an operative biopsy can be taken due to certain risks. PMID- 3235304 TI - Sympathetic activity response to changes in the intake of sodium in chronic renal failure. AB - Sympathetic response to differences in sodium intake in patients with chronic renal failure was investigated. All patients were on haemodialysis, first for 3 weeks with conventional dialysate containing 148 mEq/l of sodium, then for another 3 weeks with the conventional dialysate containing 131 mEq/l of sodium. Increase in noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), dopamine (DA) concentrations and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity were found during the high-sodium haemodialysis. However, DBH activity in patients was significantly lower than in healthy individuals. A significant correlation was found between the level of plasma NA and systolic blood pressure. The present results suggest that a higher intake of sodium causes dysfunction of the sympathetic system. PMID- 3235305 TI - Experience with brulamycin therapy in dialysed patients. AB - Forty-two patients with chronic renal insufficiency were subjected to Brulamycin therapy to combat complications such as sepsis, infection of the lower respiratory tract (bronchopneumonia) or of the urinary tract, Cimino fistula inflammation or peritonitis when the pathogenic agent was sensitive to nothing but aminoglycosides. The proper Brulamycin dose was selected under close clinical and laboratory control so as to fit the dialysed patient and his state of impaired renal function. The various forms of dialysis have been studied to determine their Brulamycin blood level diminishing effects. Familiarity with these effects is as important as with the patient's age, sex, body weight and actual state of renal function. The results confirm the experience gained by other authors that Brulamycin treatment--in curative non-toxic doses as indicated by the blood level index--is useful against severe infectious complications in anuric patients. PMID- 3235306 TI - Changes of manganese levels during haemodialysis. AB - Manganese (Mn) transfer during haemodialysis and plasma Mn concentrations in haemodialysis patients were examined. Also, the correlation with plasma Mn levels and haematocrit levels and total plasma protein levels were studied. Fifteen volunteer outpatients undergoing haemodialysis showed significant increases in plasma Mn from 0.20 +/- 0.02 to 0.22 +/- 0.02 micrograms/dl after a 5-hour dialysis. The increase was mainly the result of haemoconcentration as evidenced by a significant increase in the haematocrit and total plasma protein during dialysis; however, diffusion was not found. There was a significant relationship between plasma Mn levels before dialysis and haematocrit values (r = 0.95, p less than 0.01) and total plasma protein levels (r = 0.92, p less than 0.01). PMID- 3235307 TI - Changes and correlations of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and serum neutral lipids due to haemodialysis treatment in chronic uraemic patients. AB - A study was made of the changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in the blood of chronic uraemic patients before and after haemodialysis. Changes in serum lipids (primarily neutral lipids), lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation were also followed. Before haemodialysis, antioxidant enzyme activities decreased, while lipid peroxidation increased both in the plasma and in the RBC haemolysates. Quantitative changes in the lipids increased the risk factors. Haemodialysis moderated these risk factors and a tendency to improvement was observed. PMID- 3235308 TI - Perinatal statistics, 1984: a commentary on the first annual report of the Irish Perinatal Reporting System. PMID- 3235310 TI - A rapid slide agglutination test contrasted with a radioimmunoassay for myoglobin measurement for the early diagnosis of myocardial necrosis. PMID- 3235309 TI - Vaginal delivery after caesarean section in primigravidae. PMID- 3235312 TI - AIDS: mind and body. PMID- 3235311 TI - Parathyroid crisis and necrotising pancreatitis. PMID- 3235313 TI - Obligations to care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3235314 TI - Do physicians have a professional responsibility to care for patients with HIV disease? PMID- 3235315 TI - Changes in forebrain, cerebellum and brain stem phospholipid patterns from mothers and newborn rats after chronic pentazocine treatment during the gestation period. AB - Pregnant female Wistar rats were injected with pentazocine intramuscularly during the first nineteen days of the gestation period. The initial dose (1.8 mg/kg body weight) was increased daily by 1.2 mg of pentazocine, finishing with 23.4 mg/kg body weight. Chemical analysis of the forebrain, cerebellum and brain stem from mothers and their newborns points to statistically non-significant changes in total protein, phospholipid and cholesterol contents after pentazocine treatment. The phospholipid pattern only changed significantly in the brain stem of the mother rats treated with pentazocine, showing an increase (p less than 0.05) in inositol phosphoglycerides (2.5-fold) and phosphatidylglycerol (3.5-fold) percentages, while ethanolamine- and serine-phosphoglycerides decreased (p less than 0.05) by about 0.9 and 0.6-fold, respectively. The cholesterol profile found in the forebrains of the mother rats and their newborns did not show statistically significant differences after treatment. PMID- 3235316 TI - Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte and vesicle total lipids during storage of human erythrocytes in protein-free media and in citrate-phosphate-dextrose. AB - We have studied the fatty acid composition of total lipids of erythrocytes and vesicles either during storage of human erythrocytes in their own plasma under blood bank conditions or during incubation at 37 degrees C in protein-free media. Vesicles appear as a heterogeneous population with a diameter of about 130 nm and a varying content of hemoglobin. The fatty acid pattern of vesicle total lipids changes in respect to control erythrocytes, while in erythrocytes it remains fairly constant during the total ageing period. Our results indicate a marked rearrangement of the membrane components during blood storage. PMID- 3235317 TI - O-acetylated sialic acids in gangliosides from pig spleen lymphocytes. AB - The sialic acid content of gangliosides from pig spleen lymphocytes was studied by thin-layer chromatography. N-glycolylneuraminic acid and N-acetylneuraminic acid were detected for the first time in this material as the major sialic acids. In addition, two other sialic acids, tentatively designated O-acetylated sialic acids, according to their RF values on cellulose plates, were also found. We have detected several gangliosides showing a retarded migration pattern in two dimensional thin-layer chromatography with an intermediate ammonia treatment. One of these gangliosides could be an O-acetylated derivative of the disialoganglioside GD3, since after de-O-acetyation it co-migrates with GD3. Another ganglioside co-migrated with GM2 before the alkaline treatment; however, after the treatment it was also retarded and co-migrates with GD3. PMID- 3235318 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting of the Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria Group of the Italian Biochemical Society. March 10-11, 1988, Trani. PMID- 3235319 TI - The functional brace in the treatment of delayed union and non-union. AB - After years of experience in the treatment of fresh diaphyseal fractures of the tibia and humerus using functional braces, we began to use them in cases of delayed union and pseudarthrosis. This decision was encouraged by the excellent results obtained in fresh fractures and by the favourable effects of function on the repair process. The 15 cases reviewed, 13 in the tibia and 2 in the humerus, had previously been treated by various traditional methods. Treatment by functional bracing consisted of removing any plates or other devices, sometimes in association with "minimal" surgery such as fibular osteotomy, prior to the application of the functional brace. Total weightbearing was allowed ab initio until there was complete radiographic healing. All the cases resulted in complete healing over a period ranging from two to five months, with total functional recovery of the limb involved. PMID- 3235320 TI - Isolated fractures of the sternum due to road accidents. AB - Between 1980 and 1985 six cases of isolated fracture of the sternum were observed out of a total of 72 patients (8%) with traumatic lesions of the chest in road traffic accidents. This indicates the tendency for this type of fracture to increase. The study also demonstrated the possibility of associated cardiac or mediastinal lesions which may be overlooked or develop insiduously. PMID- 3235321 TI - A comparison between computerized tomography and myelography in radicular lumbar syndromes. AB - The clinical, tomographic and myelographic findings in 40 patients with radicular lumbar syndromes are analysed and discussed. The study shows that indications for surgical treatment must take into account errors in determining the level of the syndrome based on clinical examination (25%), false negatives (10%), and false positives (15%) resulting from CT scan and, finally, false negatives resulting from myelography (10%). It is emphasized that at present there is no real evidence to support preference for one or other of these instrumental tests. Only the clinical examination is capable of evaluating each case individually and thus providing the most reliable indications on which to base both diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3235322 TI - A case of pure dislocation of the ankle joint. AB - Pure dislocation of the ankle joint is extremely rare. This is due to the fact that the particular mechanism of injury required to produce it occurs equally rarely. The authors report a case in which a good clinical result was obtained with nonsurgical treatment. PMID- 3235323 TI - Lumbar disc herniation: diagnosis, surgical treatment, recurrence. A review of 872 operated cases. AB - This review is based on 972 cases treated surgically for lumbar disc herniation between 1974 and 1984. The authors discuss several problems related to this condition. The importance of the history and clinical assessment are emphasized, as well as the role of instrumental tests such as radiculography and CT scan. The authors report what they believe to be the treatment of choice to avoid recurrence, based on an analysis of two groups of patients. The first group consisted of patients in whom lumbar and radicular pain persisted after operation. The second group consisted of patients in whom these symptoms recurred after an interval of complete relief. This analysis leads to the following conclusions: 1) clinical examination is pre-eminent; CT scan and radiculography are complementary to an accurate neurological examination; 2) hemilaminectomy is the operation of choice because it is sufficient to ensure accurate exploration of both root and disc; 3) most recurrences are due to errors in diagnosis or surgical technique. PMID- 3235324 TI - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma of the extremities: preliminary results in 131 cases treated preoperatively with methotrexate and cisdiamminoplatinum. AB - The results of 131 cases of classic non-metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities treated with preoperative chemotherapy, surgery and postoperative chemotherapy are reported. Preoperatively, the patients were given Methotrexate (MTX) intravenously (high and average doses) and Cisplatinum (CDP) intraarterially. For postoperative chemotherapy, the drugs and treatment protocols were based on the degree of necrosis observed (good, fair, poor). Conservative surgery was performed in 73% of the cases and amputation in 27%. At an average 30 month follow-up (9-48 months) 59.5% of the patients had remained disease-free, 37.5% had developed metastases, and 3% had developed local recurrence. The percentage of disease-free patients was higher for those treated with high doses of MTX (68% vs. 51%) and for those in whom preoperative chemotherapy had induced good necrosis (75% vs. 44%). Neither the age or sex of the patients, nor the site of the tumor or type of surgery performed influenced prognosis. PMID- 3235325 TI - Total P.C.A. knee arthroprosthesis. AB - Between 1983 and 1986 the authors implanted 36 porous-coated P.C.A. total knee prostheses in 34 patients. Complications included two fatal cases of pulmonary embolism and one deep infection which healed within five months following removal of the prosthesis and arthrodesis. The results obtained in 23 patients after an average follow-up of 18 months were excellent in 87% and fair in 13% (according to the Hungerford evaluation system). Radiographic evaluation showed excellent prosthetic positioning in 70% of the cases, the presence of radiolucent lines in areas 5-6-7-8-11-15-19 (according to Hungerford) in 21% of the cases, and zonal bone resorption in areas 1-2-3-4 in 43% of the cases. The authors report their conclusions with reference to complications, the preservation of the posterior cruciate ligament, and problems related to positioning the prosthesis. PMID- 3235326 TI - Current trends in the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma. AB - The authors analyse the results obtained in the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma by comparing the period previous to the use of chemotherapy with the more recent one involving the use of antiblastic drugs. Thirty-one patients with Ewing's sarcoma were divided into three groups according to the type of treatment used. The first group included 11 patients treated either by surgery or high dosage radiation (7000-8000 rads); the second group included 9 patients treated by radiation plus polychemotherapy; finally, the third group included 11 patients treated by surgery (excision in 5 localizations and segmental resection in the remaining 6), associated with polychemotherapy and low dosage radiotherapy. The results in the first group were discouraging as none of the patients survived five years; there was a low survival rate (33%) for the second group, partly due to the fact that there were 4 localizations in the pelvis, a site with a notoriously unfavourable prognosis; the third group had the highest percentage (55%) of long-term disease free patients. Thus, in agreement with what is reported in the literature, the most radical surgery possible, associated with polychemotherapy and low-dose radiotherapy, currently seems to be the best treatment. PMID- 3235327 TI - Vertebral osteosarcoma. AB - A review of the total number of cases of osteosarcoma referred to the Tumour Centre at the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute between 1904 and 1986, revealed 11 cases of the disease localised in the vertebrae, 9 of which were fully documented. We excluded secondary forms of the disease due to irradiation or malignant degeneration in Paget's disease, also metastases from osteosarcoma of the limbs localised in the sacrum. It is extremely important to distinguish osteosarcoma from osteoblastoma; and this problem is even more highlighted by the statistical evidence that both neoplasms have an almost equal probability of being localised in the spine. Treatment has progressed from the initial purely palliative approach to a more aggressive type of surgery which, in association with modern chemotherapy, makes it a more reliable type of treatment from the oncological point of view. To this aim, we emphasize the importance of performing biopsy according to the required criteria. PMID- 3235328 TI - Vertebral rotation during the initial stages of scoliosis: the costovertebral interaction mechanism. AB - The authors analyse the costovertebral joint mechanism related to vertebral rotation in cases of idiopathic scoliosis and compare them to analogous clinical costal asymmetry caused by asymmetrical vertebral growth in the absence of scoliosis. In the opinion of the authors, it is the different mechanism of costal leverage that is the basis of the various aspects of thoracic deformity both in idiopathic scoliosis and in growth asymmetry. PMID- 3235329 TI - The role of osteosynthesis in the treatment of fractures of the humerus. AB - Rigid osteosynthesis is widely indicated in fractures of the humeral diaphysis because it abolishes the need for external immobilisation and thereby facilitates early functional recovery. In simple fractures, osteosynthesis was used according to the principles of the Swiss AO school (rigid fixation in axial compression). In complex fractures we added a homoplastic cortical graft on the opposite side to the plate. A follow-up survey of 74 patients was carried out (minimum 8 months, maximum 10 years). There were two cases of complete paralysis of the radial nerve, which quickly regressed. There was one severe infection which resulted in pseudarthrosis, but this was due to an error of judgement because this was an open fracture with exposure of the fragments. This complication aside, the functional results were excellent, and completely justify this method of treatment. PMID- 3235330 TI - The surgical correction of metatarsal dysmetria. AB - The authors report the results of surgical correction in 5 cases of metatarsal dysmetria; lengthening in 3 cases and shortening in 2 cases. Lengthening was achieved by gradual distraction without using grafts. External mini-fixators were used which could be either lengthened by a sliding mechanism for distraction or used in compression in the case of shortening. The maximum lengthening obtained was 32 mm, equal to 90% of the initial length. PMID- 3235331 TI - Lumbosciatic pain due to sacral pathology. AB - Lesions of the sacrum are a possible, albeit infrequent, cause of low back pain and sciatica. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to this possibility which, perhaps due to the rarity of sacral pathologies, is often overlooked in the investigation of lumbosciatic pain. This may influence the prognosis because of the consequent delay in diagnosis. Several cases are reported which were initially operated on for radicular disc syndromes with negative results, and only later correctly diagnosed as sacral lesions. PMID- 3235332 TI - Scintigraphy used to compare cemented and cementless prostheses: two-year follow up. AB - Cemented and cementless total hip prostheses were followed up after two years, using computerized skeletal scintigraphy. The authors discuss the protocol used for the study, and compare the validity of this method with that of traditional radiography in monitoring the long-term results. They evaluated the degree of reorientation in the host bone and showed that there were significant differences between the two types of prosthesis. PMID- 3235333 TI - Ciguatera poisoning in the Pacific. PMID- 3235334 TI - Tropical myositis, the great imitator: a case report. PMID- 3235335 TI - Medical decisions and premature disclosures. PMID- 3235336 TI - U.S. Supreme Court ruling on medical peer review. PMID- 3235337 TI - A rotation in a Japanese hospital. PMID- 3235339 TI - [Toxoplasma infection in dermatomyositis]. AB - A 31-year-old woman with long-standing amyopathic dermatomyositis developed a maculopapular rash resembling erythema multiforme in some areas, accompanied by lymphadenopathy and malaise. An acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii was found to be the cause of clinical symptoms that mimicked an exacerbation of the underlying condition. PMID- 3235338 TI - [Acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans and sclerodermiform skin changes in Borrelia infection]. AB - A female patient with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and widespread sclerodermiform skin lesions with a high IgG antibody titer against Borrelia burgdorferi is presented. The rapid improvement after high-dose penicillin G therapy and the course of the Borrelia antibody titer suggest a persistence of the causative organism. PMID- 3235340 TI - [Dissimulated dermatozoon delusion with severe skin artifacts]. AB - A 37-year-old civil servant, who had been treated for 9 years for sycosis simplex, covered up the presence of his dermatozoon delusion, which had probably only developed in the course of time since the original diagnosis had been made. In a single examination performed when he was referred to our clinic, he admitted for the first time that he had been using sharp objects to dig out ingrown beard hair and mites. This practice had caused numerous sclerotic scars and ulcers on the facial skin. In our dermatological practice, this was an unusual finding in a patient with a dermatozoon delusion. PMID- 3235341 TI - [Postoperative interferon hydrogel treatment. A method for the successful therapy of chronic persistent giant condylomas in an immunologically deficient patient with Hodgkin's disease]. AB - The local application of recombinant interferon alpha 2c hydrogel (1.10(6) I.U. recombinant interferon alpha 2c/g hydrogel) given as an adjuvant therapy after electrosurgery led to a complete cure, without relapse, of previously recalcitrant giant condylomata acuminata similar in appearance to Buschke Lowenstein's tumors in a 19-year-old female patient suffering from Hodgkin's disease (stage II/III). Recombinant interferon alpha 2c hydrogel given as an adjuvant therapy to surgery may have more antiviral and antiproliferative effects than immunomodulating activities. This combined topical application form of interferon alpha is a safe and effective treatment, which is recommended especially in immunocompromised individuals suffering from genital HPV infection unresponsive to systemic interferon treatment or conventional therapy modalities. PMID- 3235342 TI - [Yersinia exanthema]. AB - Yersinia is an enterobacterium that causes acute enterocolitis, pseudoappendicitis and sepsis. Some patients suffer from post-infectious immunopathological complications, such as erythema nodosum and yersinia arthritis, which are well known. Less information exists concerning the erythema multiforme-like yersinia exanthema, which is a distinctive dermatological disorder with target lesions localized predominantly on the neck, shoulders and arms. These lesions, which may be smaller but often are larger than the iris lesions in conventional erythema multiforme, tend to coalesce into plaques and reveal a papulovesicular component at their periphery. In our cases the exanthema was associated with a conjunctivitis, especially of the nasal part of the conjunctiva. This exanthema can be induced by yersinia enterocolitica, serotype O 3 and type O-9, at least in Europe, whereas serotype O-8 prevails in North America. The most helpful diagnostic criteria are serological data. However, it is crucial to remember that Widal's agglutination reaction gives rise to high titres, whereas the results of the complement-fixation test are often not reliable. PMID- 3235343 TI - [Comment on the work by H.P. Soyer, J. Smolle, H. Kresbach, S. Hodl, P. Glavanovitz, H. Pachernegg and H. Kerl: Direct light microscopy of pigment tumors of the skin]. PMID- 3235344 TI - Rationale for elective modified neck dissection. AB - A retrospective study was conducted to give surgeons direction in deciding which type of modified neck dissection is proper elective treatment for the patient with a clinically negative neck. The medical records of 428 previously untreated patients (seen between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 1979) whose necks (i.e., NO) were electively dissected and who had had a primary squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, or hypopharynx were included. The three major types of modified neck dissections studied were the supraomohyoid, the anterior, and the functional. Sixteen percent (70 of 428) of the patients had multiple positive nodes and 6% (28 of 428) had evidence of extracapsular invasion. A unilateral supraomohyoid dissection was most often used for primaries of the oral cavity. Bilateral anterior dissection was common for cancers of the larynx and hypopharynx, and functional neck dissection was equally distributed among the primary sites. None of the patients with primaries of the larynx or hypopharynx had pathologically positive nodes in the submental or submaxillary triangles. Advanced T-stage was generally associated with a greater incidence of subclinically positive nodes. Thirty percent of the patients received postoperative radiotherapy. The total number of nodes removed, the number of positive nodes with or without extracapsular invasion, and the anatomic location of the positive nodes were correlated with the type of dissection, the stage and site of the primary cancer, the use of postoperative radiotherapy, the regional (neck) failure, and survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3235345 TI - Growth and progression of head and neck cancer: a report of the Upper Aerodigestive Cancer Task Force Workshop. AB - Factors governing the initiation, growth, and progression of squamous cell carcinoma were the focus of a recent Upper Aerodigestive Cancer Task Force workshop sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. The goal of the daylong workshop was to identify critical research concepts in head and neck cancer biology. Discussed were the multistep processes potentially involved in tumor evolution, including the role of carcinogens, viral promotors, host and tumor karyotypes, microenvironment growth factors and growth factor receptors, as well as host/tumor components inherent to the metastatic process. Concepts developed from research in other neoplastic processes but potentially relevant to head and neck cancer were emphasized. The process of identifying critical research directions is the first step by the National Cancer Institute in program development designed to advance the treatment of head and neck cancer. PMID- 3235346 TI - Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis from hypopharyngeal adenosquamous carcinoma. AB - Although pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC) is not uncommon for breast, bronchial, and stomach cancers, it is rarely associated with head and neck malignancy. A case of PLC is reported with the primary lesion being an adenosquamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx. A literature review is discussed, highlighting the varied radiographic picture of PLC, the possible diagnostic modalities, the proposed pathogenesis, and the treatment options. The prognosis even if antemortum diagnosis and treatment are given remains fatal, although with temporary improved quality of life and lengthened survival. There is hope that with greater awareness of the disease process an increased incidence of diagnosis may allow progress to be made in therapeutic interventions. PMID- 3235347 TI - Invasive aspergillosis in a patient with aplastic anemia receiving amphotericin B. AB - Invasive mycotic infections are becoming more commonplace in immune-compromised hosts. Aspergillus species is the most commonly encountered fungal genus in our environment causing paranasal sinus fungal infection. Aspergillus paranasal sinus infections in the healthy host are readily treated and controlled. In the immune compromised host this common organism can rapidly become fatal even if recognized and treated appropriately. We present a case history of a patient who died from her disease despite radical surgery and antifungicidal therapy. Recent methods for early diagnosis will be reviewed. Only one other case has been reported in the literature of a patient developing fulminant aspergillosis sinusitis while receiving amphotericin B. PMID- 3235348 TI - The American Academy of Oral Medicine has adopted a position condemning the use of smokeless tobacco products. PMID- 3235349 TI - Salivary duct carcinoma--a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases. PMID- 3235350 TI - Subclinical cancer. PMID- 3235351 TI - Craniofacial resection for anterior skull base tumors. AB - We present the results of treatment of 30 patients with anterior skull base tumors operated on over an 11-year period. At the time of surgery, intracranial invasion was present in 10 patients. Histology revealed epithelial tumors in 18 patients, sarcoma in 6, esthesioneuroblastoma in 4, and 2 miscellaneous histologies. The overall median survival was 5 years and varied according to histology and grade of tumor. Currently malignancies involving the skull base can be successfully resected using a craniofacial approach, with minimum operative mortality. Limited intracranial invasion need not necessarily represent a major contraindication of this procedure if morbidity can be kept to a minimum. PMID- 3235352 TI - Synchronicity, multicentricity, and metachronicity of head and neck cancer. AB - Two hundred patients with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck were evaluated prospectively for synchronous second primary tumors. Complete head and neck examination, chest x-ray, and barium study (when indicated) revealed synchronous tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract in 24 patients (12%). Eleven patients had a second primary in the head and neck area. Nine patients had carcinoma of the lung, while four had carcinoma of the esophagus. Seven patients had a second primary outside the upper aerodigestive tract either in large bowel or prostate. During the period of this study, an additional 13 patients were seen with metachronous tumors 1-12 years after initial treatment of their index tumor. Most of these metachronous tumors were in the lung and esophagus and were noted within 1-3 years of treatment of the primary head and neck cancer. Detection of synchronous second primary is very important for prognosis and management of the index tumor, while early diagnosis of metachronous lesion is crucial in the follow-up of these patients. PMID- 3235353 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx in young adults. AB - Studies of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx in young adults differ as to whether younger patients resemble the general population of head and neck cancer patients. A retrospective study was performed on 23 patients (40 years old or younger) with oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma at New York University Medical Center between 1961 and 1984. Patients with oropharyngeal cancer resembled the general population of head and neck cancer patients. In contrast, oral cavity carcinoma occurred more frequently in women under the age of 35 and lacked the usual etiologic factors of tobacco and alcohol abuse. Survival correlated best with the TNM stage of disease at initial presentation. Patients with Stage I and II lesions had an excellent response to surgical treatment alone and a high 5-year survival rate. Patients with advanced Stage III and IV disease had a poor survival rate with single modality treatment. We recommend surgery and radiotherapy in patients with advanced disease. PMID- 3235354 TI - Morbidity of completion thyroidectomy for initially misdiagnosed thyroid carcinoma. AB - We reviewed 757 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated between 1963 and 1986 to investigate the morbidity associated with completion thyroidectomy when a nodule initially reported to be benign by frozen section is subsequently found to be malignant; 66 patients underwent completion thyroidectomy as a second procedure for initially misdiagnosed thyroid carcinoma. Fifty-one patients had papillary carcinoma, 12 follicular carcinoma, and 3 Hurthle cell carcinoma. Final pathology revealed 28 cases of multicentricity of which 19 were bilateral. Complications included transient hypocalcemia (12.1%), recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (1.5%), and wound hematomas or infections (9.1%). No cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism or vocal cord paralysis were encountered. Reoperation for initially misdiagnosed thyroid carcinoma appears to be warranted in light of the low morbidity and high incidence of bilateral and multicentric disease reported in this series. PMID- 3235355 TI - Impact of local radiation in the management of salivary gland carcinomas. AB - Seventy patients with salivary gland carcinoma (63% major gland and 37% minor gland) are reviewed. Histologies included adenoid cystic (54%), mucoepidermoid (16%), and adenocarcinoma (14%). Patients were analyzed according to extent of surgery and whether or not adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy was given. There is no difference in survival in patients who had complete excision of gross tumor with or without adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients who did not undergo radiotherapy had a 62% actuarial risk of locoregional failure at 5 years, with a 20% risk in the adjuvantly irradiated group (P less than 0.001). A failure analysis demonstrates that among the 44% of patients with recurrence 71% (22/31) failed locoregionally and 69% (21/31) had distant metastases. Twenty-seven percent (19/70) died of disease, with 31% (6/19) dying of locoregional disease and 26% (5/19) of distant disease. Implications for management are discussed. PMID- 3235356 TI - Management of necrotic neck wounds with a "sandwich" pectoralis myocutaneous flap. AB - A modified pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was used to stabilize necrotic neck wounds rapidly in irradiated patients. The flap was a "sandwich" flap that included an overlying "parasternal" pectoral skin paddle for pharyngeal reconstruction, the pectoralis muscle for carotid protection, and a meshed skin graft applied to the undersurface of the muscle to replace cervical skin. This flap has been used to reconstruct seven patients with severe wound necrosis from pharyngeal fistula and infection. All patients had carotid exposure in the infected wound. Reconstruction in all patients accomplished restoration of pharyngeal continuity, carotid protection, and cervical skin replacement. Some patients required more than one procedure for closure. There were no carotid "blowouts" in any of the patients. This technique enables the head and neck surgeon to stabilize these contaminated wounds rapidly and to reconstruct complex defects of the pharynx and cervical skin. PMID- 3235357 TI - Posterolateral neck dissection. AB - The posterolateral neck dissection is a regional lymphadenectomy of the retroauricular and suboccipital lymph nodes in continuity with the contents of the upper part of the posterior triangle and jugular chain. The procedure serves for the removal of occult or clinically manifest lymph node metastases of malignant epithelial tumors of the skin of the head and neck posterior to a coronal plane through the ear canals. The operation can be carried out unilaterally and bilaterally, while the spinal accessory nerve, the splenius capitis, and sternomastoid muscles are being preserved. Twelve patients, the majority with invasive melanoma, were treated with this procedure. A regional recurrence occurred in only one patient with extensive extranodal disease in the neck. The described procedure is adequate in gaining locoregional tumor control. Three patients died of generalized metastatic disease. The functional and cosmetic results are good. PMID- 3235358 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia-acquired port-wine-stain-like lesions: attempt at treatment with the argon laser. AB - An unusual case of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) simulating port-wine stain in a 50-year-old woman is reported. The lesions of ALHE are typically papules or subcutaneous masses that range from light pink to red-brown in color. In addition to the usual histologic findings of ALHE, the biopsy in our patient showed some fibrin-like material and fibrous long-spacing collagen on ultrastructural examination. This unusual lesion necessitates biopsy because the differential diagnosis includes port-wine stain, sarcoidosis, lupus erythematosus, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). Many different forms of treatment have been attempted for ALHE including radiotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, corticosteroids, and antibiotics. The lesions in our patient responded to argon laser therapy and surgical excision, though there has been recurrence on the border of the treated area. Because laser energy is noncumulative in the tissues and effective in removing the lesions, we recommend it as the treatment of choice for these lesions. PMID- 3235359 TI - [Schwannoma and neurofibroma of the neck]. AB - Three schwannomas and one neurofibroma of the neck were treated surgically in our department during the last years (1980-1987). These tumors are relatively rare. The different clinical and histopathological criteria of the two tumors are discussed. In spite of these differences, in most cases a correct diagnosis is made only during surgery. Therefore, the possibility of temporary or permanent damage to major nerves is always present and the patient should be informed accordingly. PMID- 3235360 TI - [Scintigraphic search for metastases in patients with neoplasms of the head and neck]. AB - Pretherapeutic staging is essential for the management of head and neck cancer. The diagnostic value of liver, brain and bone scanning was estimated by a retrospective study of 281 patients. Bone and liver scans are useful for detecting distant metastases from head and neck cancer. Brain scanning should be replaced by computed tomography, if there is clinical suspicion of intracerebral metastases. Nowadays ultrasound examination of the liver is more useful than liver scans. Thus, bone scanning remains the only radioisotope method used in the routine pretherapeutic staging of head and neck cancer. Chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound examination and bone scans are adequate methods for the detection of metastases. The management of malignant lymphoma needs a special and more detailed diagnostic approach. PMID- 3235361 TI - [Sinusitis and other typical ENT diseases within the scope of acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. AB - We report our experience with 209 HIV-positive patients in different stages. A retrospective study (n = 181) showed the high frequency of lymphadenopathy, inflammatory diseases of mouth, pharynx, and esophagus (especially candidiasis) as well as other diseases such as sinusitis. A retrospective study by radiology (n = 28) showed inflammatory changes in the paranasal sinuses in patients with LAS, ARC, and AIDS. PMID- 3235362 TI - [Manifestations of actinomycosis of the head and neck]. AB - The clinical features of actinomycosis affecting the ear, nose and throat are presented. One patient with actinomycosis of the ear suffering from mastoiditis and a Bezold abscess is discussed in detail. The disease is rare: only 10 patients with actinomycosis of the tympanomastoid area have been described in the English literature. The diagnosis is therefore often delayed. Effective treatment requires combined surgery and long-term chemotherapy. PMID- 3235363 TI - [Pharyngeal diphtheria diagnosed too late, fatal course of the disease]. AB - In the course of an endemic lasting 13 months we saw three cases of toxic pharyngeal diphtheria. In spite of immediate treatment with serum and penicillin two patients died, including a 14 year-old girl who had been treated inadequately for two weeks. Serum along with antibiotics must be given as soon as diphtheria is suspected. Without the immediate administration of serum the mortality of diphtheria remains very high. PMID- 3235364 TI - [Otogenic brain abscesses in a patient sample of the otolaryngology clinic of the Poznan Medical Academy 1953-1984]. AB - Between 1953-1984 we treated 64 otogenic brain abscesses (44 of the temporal lobe and 20 of the cerebellum). This material included 2 cerebral abscesses and 1 cerebellum abscess in children. In 3 cases the abscess was a complication of acute otitis media. 84% of patients with a temporal lobe abscess and 85% with a cerebellar abscess recovered. Treatment consisted of removal of the inflammatory process in the middle or inner ear with subsequent puncture of the abscess and replacement of the pus by antibiotic solution. Otologic, neurologic, ophthalmolgic, EEG and CT examinations were performed on 50 patients. Residual signs of epilepsy were found in 6 patients. Forty one patients resumed work or study. The merit of computer tomography (CT) in diagnosing brain abscesses is emphasized. Since CT has been used a successful outcome has been obtained in 8 cases and a fatal result in 1. PMID- 3235365 TI - [Diagnosis and incidence of recurrence of chronic tubal secretory otitis media in childhood]. AB - In a comparison of two groups of children undergoing adenoidectomy, the introduction of routine hearing tests revealed 30.8% more patients with secretory otitis media than in a control group in which tests were carried out only if profound hearing loss was suspected. The history and ear examination were insufficient for detection of secretory otitis media. Evaluation of patients not suspected of hearing loss revealed 24.5% more cases of secretory otitis media than by routine hearing tests. In 25.8% the secretory media recurred, requiring paracentesis or insertion of drainage tubes. PMID- 3235366 TI - [Effect of cochlear processes in generating Jewett IV and V brain stem potential components]. AB - Polarity of the stimulus influences latency, amplitude and waveform of the human auditory brainstem response (ABR). One clear feature is the splitting of the wave complex JIV and JV in separate peaks following rarefaction stimulation. ABR was recorded using high-pass filtering to mask the basilar membrane partially to establish whether and to what extent basal hair cells contribute to waves IV and V. Wave IV disappeared in response to rarefaction stimuli with masking of the basal region. In contrast, wave V appeared with reduced amplitude and delayed latency in response to condensation stimuli. A model was developed to determine the motion of the basilar membrane and the distribution over time of the action potential on the auditory nerve fibers following rarefaction and condensation stimuli. The rarefaction stimulus produces a bifid and the condensation stimulus only a single-peaked contribution. It is suggested that the splitting of the wave complex IV and V may be traced to mechanical processing in the cochlea. PMID- 3235367 TI - Facial malignant melanoma in a 3-year-old child. PMID- 3235368 TI - Small-bowel obstruction by adhesions secondary to caval perforation by Greenfield vena cava filter. PMID- 3235369 TI - Laser vaporization of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 3235370 TI - The Future of Health Care in America. PMID- 3235371 TI - Allied health applicant pools and employment opportunities--1987. AB - This study sought information relative to student capacity and enrollment, quality of applicants, numbers in the applicant pool, and program directors' estimates of the job market and salaries, as well as overall impressions of their respective professions in six allied health disciplines: medical technology, physical therapy, radiologic technology, occupational therapy, dietetics/nutrition, and medical record administration. Of 105 four-year colleges and universities surveyed, 252 programmatic responses were received from 83 institutions (79% response rate). Generally, the status of these six allied health professions appeared very good, with a 2 to 1 overall ratio of applicants to graduates, and an almost 6 to 1 ratio in physical therapy. The average GPA for incoming allied health students was 3.01. Job opportunities were considered plentiful, and 93% of program directors rated the overall outlook for their respective professions as good to excellent. However, there were four areas that program officials may wish to examine more closely: excessive length of some professional programs, numbers of minorities in the institutions surveyed, entry level salaries for several professions, and a somewhat less positive atmosphere in medical technology as compared to the other five disciplines. PMID- 3235373 TI - Undergraduate allied health leadership development: a program evaluation and follow-up study. AB - The present study reports the 15-year experience of an undergraduate program in preparing allied health professionals for educational leadership positions. Seventy-three professionals completed the BS degree as of August 1986. A substantial percentage of the graduates were attracted to faculty positions in institutions of higher education; 34% had achieved positions of department chair or the equivalent. Over 50% had completed some form of graduate study. The diversified settings and job titles reported indicate that the curriculum possesses validity for a variety of health care educational and administrative positions. Overall, this undergraduate program appears to contribute to the development of leadership personnel in allied health, particularly for those professions that provide entry-level health credentials at the level of associate degree or the equivalent. PMID- 3235372 TI - A study of the scholarly activities of allied health faculty in southern academic health science centers. AB - A study of the scholarly activities of 942 allied health faculty members in southern academic health centers was conducted through a mailed survey. The analysis of the responses from respondents (N = 780; 82.8%) found that (1) the scholarly activities of the respondents were primarily refereed journal articles through which they reported research findings; to a much lesser extent, the respondents authored books, chapters in books, monographs, and other publications; (2) less than a majority (46%) of the respondents presented a paper at a professional meeting over the past three years; (3) only a small percentage of respondents (29%) had directed extramurally funded projects; (4) the majority of the respondents (56%) indicated that their own academic preparation was the primary factor that encouraged their scholarly pursuits, and heavy teaching responsibility was the primary discouraging factor (62%); and (5) the respondents believed that faculty scholarly activities are, and will continue to be, important considerations in academic promotion decisions. PMID- 3235374 TI - A study of benefits offered volunteer clinical faculty. AB - The School of Health Related Professions (HRP) at State University of New York at Buffalo offers its volunteer clinical faculty (VCF) a number of benefits and privileges. These VCF are professionals who train students but do not receive monetary compensation for doing so. A study was conducted to determine what benefits/privileges are valued and used most, the impact and use of tuition waivers (TWs), and other benefits the VCF would desire. A survey was sent to 383 VCF, and 233 (61%) responded. The results showed that VCF valued, in order of priority: TWs, University library privileges, faculty parking, photocopying service, clinical faculty awards, use of recreational facilities, and faculty discounts. The data revealed that 42% of the respondents had used TWs, and the study demonstrated that TWs promote the University's graduate programs. The data supported the contention that TWs play a significant role in recruiting and rewarding VCF. As a result, University financial support for TWs was not eliminated. The feasibility and cost of implementing other incentives for VCF participation, suggested by the VCF, will be investigated by the School of HRP in the future. PMID- 3235375 TI - Multicompetent health professionals: needs, combinations, and curriculum development. AB - Goals of this study included the investigation of the need for multicompetent health practitioners, the relationship between hospital size and perception of this need, and feasible combinations of professions and skills from the employer's perspective. Surveys of health professions alumni and hospital administrators revealed a perception of need for multicompetency regardless of hospital size or profession. Hospital administrators identified medical technology/radiology technology; nursing/respiratory therapy; and physical therapy/occupational therapy as the three combinations with the greatest potential for benefit; these related well to alumni perceptions of a need for added skills in other professions. This article also suggests a general approach to multicompetency curriculum development. PMID- 3235376 TI - Implementation and evaluation of a new approach to clinical instruction. AB - An approach to clinical instruction based on the Learning Vector model was introduced in a hospital laboratory during the 1985-86 academic year. Fifteen clinical instructors and nine medical technology students participated in the study. Clinical instructors attended an initial workshop on the model and met monthly during the academic year with the project directors to discuss their progress. The implementation of the model and the reactions of students and instructors to the model were evaluated using attitudinal questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Instructors were most successful using the model during the learning activities component of clinical instruction and were less consistent in implementing the model in the expectation-setting and evaluation components of instruction. According to instructors and students, advantages of this approach included improved communication, guidance and organization of instruction, and an increased emphasis on feedback and evaluation. The major constraint to implementation was a limited amount of time spent with students, due to scheduling or workload. PMID- 3235377 TI - What's in a name? PMID- 3235378 TI - Electron microscopic study of the secretion process in bovine reproductive organs. AB - The origin and mechanism of the secretion of membrane-bound particles in bovine seminal plasma were studied with transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy of the epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla, and seminal vesicle of adult bulls. In the SEM study, all these organs were found to contain apical protrusions in the lining of the epithelial cells. Eventually the protrusions became detached and formed secretory bodies within the lumina of these organs. In the epididymis, the TEM study disclosed a granular and rather homogeneous content in the protrusions and bodies, whereas in the vas deferens they contained dilated cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In the ampulla and seminal vesicle, the formation of the apical protrusions was associated with an accumulation of membrane-bound vesicles. These vesicles were found to be released from the storage bodies into the secretory fluid of the lumen. Both could be harvested from isolated seminal vesicle secretions by Percoll gradient centrifugation. It was concluded that various parts of the bovine reproductive organs discharge their secretory products at least partly by an apocrine mechanism. The membrane bound particles in the seminal plasma, however, appear to be mainly derived from the ampulla and seminal vesicle. PMID- 3235379 TI - Acute effects and long-term sequelae of 1,3-dinitrobenzene on male reproduction in the rat. I. Sperm quality, quantity, and fertilizing ability. AB - Groups of eight adult male rats were given a single oral dose of 0 or 48 mg/kg of 1,3-dinitrobenzene and sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 72, and 175 days posttreatment. The groups killed at 175 days were bred to untreated females during weeks 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, and 24. Decreased testis weight and testicular sperm numbers were observed by day 4; decreased cauda sperm reserves and epididymis weight occurred by day 8 and day 16, respectively. Reduced numbers of motile spermatozoa and abnormal sperm morphology were seen in spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis by day 16. Fertilizing ability, as indicated by the presence of two pronuclei and a sperm tail in eggs flushed from the oviducts of inseminated females, was slightly reduced by week 4 and declined to zero by week 6. Group means for reproductive organ weights, sperm production, and sperm reserves failed to return to control levels although some individual animals approached full recovery. Normal fertilizing ability was restored in most animals by week 13, but two of seven remained infertile. Occlusion of some efferent ductules was observed in three of seven animals at 175 days. This study indicates that 1,3 dinitrobenzene is a potent testicular toxicant in the rat, capable of producing marked testicular damage, infertility, and possibly sterility from a single exposure. PMID- 3235380 TI - Acute effects and long-term sequelae of 1,3-dinitrobenzene on male reproduction in the rat. II. Quantitative and qualitative histopathology of the testis. AB - This study determined the quantitative and qualitative histopathologic effects of a single oral dose of 1,3-dinitrobenzene (48 mg/kg) on the rat testis from 1 to 175 days postexposure. The testis was damaged severely by hour 24, as evidenced by increased numbers of regressive seminiferous tubules that exhibited degenerating pachytene spermatocytes, chromatin margination in spermatids, giant cells, deformed spermatid heads, retained spermatids, and reduced numbers of meiotic figures. The major effects during the first 48 hours posttreatment were degeneration or exfoliation of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids and the retention of step 19 spermatids. These regressive effects continued until 24 days, after which the tubules either recovered or became atrophic. At the end of the study (175 days), three males were normal, one had regressed testicles, and three males had atrophic tubules (15 to 45%). Several cellular abnormalities were common throughout the period. In addition, the frequency of the stages of spermatogenesis was altered, an indication of a disturbance in the kinetics of spermatogenesis. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene produced profound and specific lesions in the seminiferous tubules, and recovery was slow and incomplete. Atrophic tubules seemed to form if the normal cellular associations were not reestablished within 24 days, possibly due to the inability of Sertoli cells to reorganize the synchrony of germ cell development. PMID- 3235381 TI - Lack of breakpoint cluster region rearrangement in marrow fibroblasts of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Involvement of marrow fibroblasts in myeloproliferative disorders such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is controversial. We examined the blood leukocytes and bone marrow fibroblasts of four patients with Philadelphia chromosome- (Ph1) positive CML for evidence of rearrangement in the breakpoint cluster region (BCR). Fibroblasts were obtained by growing bone marrow in long-term culture, disposing of nonadherent cells, and passaging three times before final trypsinization and analysis. DNA from fibroblasts and peripheral leukocytes was digested with Bg1II, Bc1I, EcoRI, and HindIII restriction endonucleases and hybridized to both 3' and 5' BCR probes. Southern blot analysis of the DNA from the peripheral leukocytes in all four patients demonstrated rearrangement in the BCR. However, analysis of DNA from marrow fibroblasts showed only the normal BCR restriction fragments in all patients. This study demonstrates the absence of the Ph1 -associated molecular events in the fibroblasts of patients with CML. It is consistent with previous studies using G6PD isoenzymes to show polyclonality in CML fibroblasts and with most cytogenetic studies that did not show the Ph1 in these cells. In summary, we present further evidence that involvement of CML fibroblasts is a secondary event in the leukemogenic process. PMID- 3235382 TI - Bone marrow necrosis obscuring the diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia. AB - Bone marrow necrosis is a rare and ominous complication of hematologic malignancy which is often associated with bone pain in the lower back and extremities. Widespread marrow necrosis makes a definitive diagnosis through bone marrow biopsy difficult. An accurate diagnosis is imperative in patients with promyelocytic leukemia (FAB-M3) because disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage secondary to release of tissue thromboplastins from the malignant cell population requires prompt and anticipatory therapy. The following case report describes a patient with acute leukemia and massive bone marrow necrosis which obscured the correct diagnosis of promyelocytic leukemia. PMID- 3235383 TI - Quadriplegic care: an assessment of the impact of the carer. AB - Thirty-three voluntary carers living with dependent quadriplegics completed a questionnaire survey which recorded their views on the assistance they received. Disruption to sex life, wheelchair restrictions, personality change in the quadriplegic person, and problems with bladder care were the features they most disliked. We have introduced a self-help group. Respite care would assist them with the valuable service they provide at considerable personal cost. PMID- 3235384 TI - Use of the 'extended activities of daily living scale' with depressed stroke patients. AB - The 'extended activities of daily living scale' was given to 44 depressed stroke patients. All were more than 1 year after stroke. The completed forms were then Guttman scaled to find whether the ranking of the items was valid in this group of patients. The items were not passed in the order expected from the ranking. The results therefore suggest that all items should be assessed when using this scale with depressed stroke patients. PMID- 3235386 TI - Self-assessed disability in patients with arthrosis of the hip joint. Reliability of the Swedish version of the Nottingham Health Profile. AB - The study aimed to describe self-assessed disability, using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), in patients with arthrosis of the hip joint, to test the reliability of the Swedish version of the NHP, and to compare disability perceived by the patient with the Charnley/d'Aubignet score. The NHP was administered twice to 73 patients, waiting for total hip replacement. Pain, energy, sleep, and mobility were severely affected. The correlations between subjective and objective scores were, apart from pain, moderate. The two test administrations correlated highly. In conclusion, the NHP is a reliable instrument, which may provide valuable supplementary information in the assessment of disability. PMID- 3235385 TI - Stroke rehabilitation outcome studies: comparison of a Japanese facility with 17 U.S. facilities. AB - A Japanese university hospital collaborated with a mixed group of 17 American hospitals in using common measures of functional status and outcomes for patients undergoing rehabilitation after stroke. Management protocols were similar for all facilities. Philosophies and operational factors concerning length of stay and discharge destinations varied among facilities. In Japan there was little pressure for discharge of rehabilitation patients. Japanese patients were kept in the hospital as long as they improved in their functional scores. The Japanese sample had fewer patients with bilateral involvement, patients were younger, were admitted after a longer period of time following the onset of the stroke, had less severe disability on admission, and had longer lengths of stay, and this may have accounted for higher Barthel score gains for the Japanese sample. These factors may have worked together with the family support system in Japan to account for higher discharge rate to the community for the Japanese sample. PMID- 3235387 TI - Introduction and commentary. PMID- 3235388 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease does not have to be debilitating. AB - Initially the paper presents a layman's 'potted' version of a medical history spanning three different countries - England, Canada, and the U.S.A. This includes the problematical diagnosis maintenance, 11 periods of hospitalization and eight operations, for Crohn's disease. Also included is an account of my very active employment history. After 'setting the scene', comments are made regarding what is felt to be needed by the patients, how the medical profession can assist in developing a positive mental attitude, and the different approaches taken in various countries. PMID- 3235389 TI - Prognosis and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. AB - The prognosis of a disease depends on individual social and medical factors. Prognosis for a group of patients on a well-defined treatment regimen will provide useful information only if patient material is suitable. In such studies normal survival of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease has been reported. The price for good survival seems to be early surgical treatment in medical treatment failures. The quality of life (family relations, marriage, social activities and employment) did not differ significantly from a control group. PMID- 3235390 TI - Quality of life in patients with an ileostomy. AB - This paper reviews the social effects of the surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with the fashioning of an ileostomy. General health is improved, mechanical and metabolic complications are minor, and dietary restrictions usually unnecessary or limited. Work is usually unaffected and social and sporting activities remarkably little affected, except for contact sports. Psychological problems are not prominent in the majority of patients but sexual problems can be troublesome, although likely to be less than prior to surgery. PMID- 3235391 TI - Capacity for work and employment record of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The literature on the vocational effects of inflammatory bowel disease is scanty. This paper describes the effects in a sample of 170 patients, supplemented with data obtained from the Ileostomy Association. Work capacity is affected by diarrhoea, urgency (including the problem of access to toilets), fatigue, and hospitalization. Rare complications, such as arthritis, represent special difficulties. The fashioning of an ileostomy has, as a general rule, a positive effect on the ability of the patient to work and, overall, inflammatory bowel disease should not prevent the vast majority of patients from successfully following a chosen career. PMID- 3235392 TI - Information booklets for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Patients with inflammatory bowel disease wish to know more about their disease. Booklets must deal with such problems as prognosis and cancer risk. Although this information may depress up to 13% of patients who accept such booklets, between 30% and 39% become less anxious. Patients are highly motivated and can deal with quite difficult text, although illustrations can be helpful. Up to 34% of patients offered such booklets refused them. Nevertheless such booklets reach many people who are not members of self-help groups, and can be used by the doctor in counselling sessions with his or her patient, and in many cases produce reassurance and even lead to fewer consultations. PMID- 3235393 TI - The role of patients' organizations. AB - Most patients find difficulties coming to terms with being told that they have an incurable disease, even if it is not life-threatening. Doctors rarely have the time or the experience to answer all the questions that may arise in the patient's mind. Self-help groups can provide a range of services to help the patient. These services include initial support at the time of diagnosis, continued support, including family help, provision of information, social activities and support for research into the treatment and prevention of the disease in question. PMID- 3235394 TI - Laboratory procedures for detoxification of equipment and waste contaminated with brevetoxins PbTx-2 and PbTx-3. AB - Procedures are presented for the detoxification of laboratory equipment contaminated with brevetoxins PbTx-2 and PbTx-3. An in vivo bioassay using the Japanese madaka Oryzias latipes monitored toxin activity. Incubation for 10 min with 0.1N NaOH detoxified a lethal dose of either PbTx-2 or PbTx-3 to levels below the detection limit of the assay (less than 10 ng/mL). Decreasing the NaOH concentration required correspondingly longer incubation times. The potency of both toxins was also destroyed by incubation for 10-15 min at 500 degrees C. Steam autoclaving 30 min at 122 degrees C (18 psi) was not sufficient to detoxify brevetoxins. These results show that laboratory equipment will be decontaminated and rendered safe for normal handling by washing or soaking it in a dilute NaOH solution. Disposable waste can be either soaked in an NaOH solution prior to disposal or burned in an incinerator with a combustion chamber of at least 500 degrees C. Steam autoclaving, however, is not a viable method of decontamination. PMID- 3235396 TI - Comparison of four methods for digesting food samples for determination of trace levels of cadmium by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - We compared 4 digestion procedures, namely, sulfuric-nitric acid in an open flask, nitric acid under pressure, sulfuric-nitric acid with refluxing, and nitric-hydrochloric-peroxide with refluxing, for the determination of cadmium by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 3 foodstuffs: rice, beef, and cream cheese. The foodstuffs were homogenized and divided into several batches for analysis. The results were evaluated using a 2-way cross analysis of variance. The study revealed that the digestion procedure was a highly significant factor (P less than 10(-4] in the analysis of the 3 foods; whereas the nature of the foodstuffs was not significant for rice and meat and only slightly significant (P less than 10(-2] for cream cheese. When the foodstuffs were spiked with a known amount of cadmium, we observed a loss of the metal when the sulfuric-nitric acid procedure in an open flask and the nitric-hydrochloric peroxide digestion procedure were used. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that the choice of the reagents used for digestion of foodstuffs is a crucial factor for cadmium determination by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. PMID- 3235395 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of Lake Red C amine and 2-naphthol in D&C Red No. 8. AB - A method is described for the determination of the intermediates in D&C Red No. 8 by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (LC). The pigment is dissolved in boiling 95% ethanol-water (1 + 1) and then precipitated. The filtrate is chromatographed by gradient elution. Calibrations from peak areas at 254 nm for Lake Red C Amine sodium salt (LRCA-Na) and at 229 nm for 2-naphthol were linear, with prediction limits of 0.200 +/- 0.006% and 0.200 +/- 0.003%, respectively, for the maximum permitted levels. Calibration limits of determination were 0.01% for LRCA-Na and 0.006% for 2-naphthol. A 99% confidence level was used. Recoveries were 100.0 100.4% for LRCA-Na and 97.1-101.8% for 2-naphthol, each added at levels of 0.025 0.2%. Certified lots of D&C Red No. 8 that were analyzed by the LC method contained higher levels of LRCA-Na but the same levels of 2-naphthol when compared to results obtained previously by a cellulose column method, in which the pigment is not dissolved. The solubilities of D&C Red No. 8 in hot and room temperature solutions of 95% ethanol-water (1 + 1), water, and 95% ethanol were estimated. PMID- 3235397 TI - Analysis of selected elements in tobacco by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. AB - A rapid method for the determination of 16 elements in tobacco by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been developed. The method is accurate and precise, and requires only 9 min per sample for quantitation. Sample preparation consists of placing a portion of dried, ground tobacco in a sample cup, and pressing at 25 tons pressure to make a compressed pellet. This pellet is then automatically analyzed by X-ray fluorescence for 16 elements. The results are stored on a computer disk for future recall and report generation. PMID- 3235398 TI - Selective membrane electrode potentiometry and spectrophotometry of a photochemical reaction of thioredazine hydrochloride. AB - A PVC membrane electrode of the coated wire type was prepared which is selective for thioredazine. It showed a Nernstian response over a thioredazine concentration range 6.3 x 10(-6) to 2.5 x 10(-3) M, at 25 degrees C, and was selective, precise, and usable within the pH range 2.1-7.0. The standard electrode potentials, E degrees, were determined at different temperatures and used to calculate the isothermal temperature coefficient of the electrode. The photoreaction occurring in thioredazine solution exposed to daylight did not affect the electrode performance. This reaction was investigated kinetically to determine its rate constant and half-life at different temperatures. PMID- 3235399 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of morphine sulfate and some contaminants in injections and bulk drug material: collaborative study. AB - A liquid chromatographic method for the assay of morphine sulfate and some preservatives and impurities in the bulk drug and in injections has been developed and collaboratively studied in 8 laboratories. Each collaborator analyzed 5 samples: 1 bulk drug, 3 different concentrations of injectable dosages, and 1 prepared mixture containing, in addition to morphine sulfate, phenol, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and pseudomorphine. The proposed method quantitates morphine sulfate and resolves the other components for identification using a C18 reverse-phase column with a mobile solvent containing 240 mL methanol, 720 mL 0.005 M 1-heptanesulfonic acid Na salt, and 10 mL acetic acid. Samples are prepared by direct dilution with mobile solvent minus 1 heptanesulfonic acid. All collaborators met system suitability requirements and performed the analysis without difficulty. No outliers were found when data were analyzed by the Dixon, Grubbs, double Grubbs, and Cochran tests. Relative standard deviations between laboratories (RSDR) for duplicate determinations of morphine sulfate ranged from 1.4 to 2.1%. Mean morphine sulfate recoveries for the bulk drug and the prepared mixture were 100.8 and 100.4%, respectively. The method has been approved interim official first action. PMID- 3235400 TI - Residue level determination of the aquatic herbicide fluridone and a potential photoproduct (N-methylformamide) in water. AB - Methods are presented for the determination of the aquatic herbicide fluridone and N-methylformamide (NMF), a potential photoproduct of fluridone which has thus far been observed only in a laboratory aqueous photolysis study. Water samples are passed through a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge to extract fluridone while NMF passes unretained through the cartridge with the water. Fluridone is eluted from the cartridge with methanol, which is then concentrated for analysis by liquid chromatography with UV detection at 313 nm. The water eluate containing NMF is concentrated for analysis by rotary vacuum evaporation at 40-46 degrees C. Methanol is added to help evaporate the water, and glycerol is added as a keeper solvent to retain NMF during the evaporation. The residual NMF is dissolved in methanol for analysis by gas chromatography with a Hall electrolytic conductivity detector operated in the nitrogen mode. The assay limits of detection are 1 and 2 ppb for fluridone and NMF, respectively. Recoveries averaged 98% for fluridone at 1-400 ppb and 87% for NMF at 2-50 ppb. PMID- 3235401 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of sulfamethazine in feeds. AB - A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method for the assay of sulfamethazine (SMZ) in feeds is described. Feed samples are extracted with 50% methanol solution, centrifuged, filtered, and diluted when necessary, and chromatographed on a C-18 column. Samples are eluted with a mobile phase of 20% methanol and 80% of a solution containing acetic acid and tetramethylammonium chloride. The average recovery from spiked samples was 97.2% with a coefficient of variation of 1.2%. Linearity was very good (correlation coefficient 0.9997). Within-day and between-day coefficients of variation averaged 1.3 and 2.6%, respectively. The results for samples assayed by this method compared closely with the results from the same extracts assayed by the AOAC colorimetric method. PMID- 3235402 TI - Gas chromatographic determination with electron capture detection of residual ethylene oxide in intraocular lenses. AB - A sensitive method is described to determine trace quantities of ethylene oxide (EO) in EO-sterilized intraocular lenses (IOLs). An IOL is dipped in ethanol containing 0.25 ppm propylene oxide (PO) in a 4 mL vial, 2 drops of freshly distilled hydrobromic acid is added through a septum, and the mixture is warmed at 50 degrees C for 24 h. It is then neutralized by vigorous shaking with sodium bicarbonate, dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate is injected into a gas chromatograph with electron-capture detection, and the peak height ratio of ethylene bromohydrin/propylene bromohydrin is measured. EO residue is calculated from the calibration curve obtained through a similar procedure with the standard EO/PO solutions. The limit of determination is 0.04 microgram/lens (ca 2.0 ppm). When EO residue levels were determined for IOLs sampled at 3 different aeration periods after sterilization, we found that 9 days of aeration was necessary to meet the U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed limit for EO residue in IOLs. PMID- 3235403 TI - Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in fresh cheese. AB - The sorbate and benzoate contents of commercial fresh cheese (quarg) samples are determined by reverse-phase liquid chromatography following extraction with a methanol-acetate buffer pH 4.5 mixture (37 + 63). The mobile phase is acetonitrile-acetate buffer pH 4.5 (20 + 80), the effluent flow rate is maintained at 1.0 mL/min, and the detector is set at 232 nm. Recoveries from quarg spiked at the 5-50 mg/kg level ranged from 95 to 99%, which compares favorably with methods previously published. Precision averaged 2-5% RSD, whereas the limit of detection was 0.3 mg/kg (sorbic acid) and 1.0 mg/kg (benzoic acid). PMID- 3235404 TI - Effect of volume of solution per cylinder on estimation of antibiotic potency in diffusion assay. AB - The volume of antibiotic solutions in cylinders used for diffusion assays is assumed to have no significant effect on estimation of potency. The size of zones of inhibition from cylinders containing 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mL of sample solution was compared with zones of inhibition from cylinders containing 0.20 mL of standard solutions. For zinc bacitracin, chlortetracycline.HCl, oxytetracycline, lincomycin.HCl, monensin Na, neomycin sulfate, K penicillin, streptomycin sulfate, and tylosin, the percent recovery (95-102) was optimum when both standard and sample cylinders contained the same volume (0.20 mL/cylinder). At 0.30 mL/cylinder for sample and 0.20 mL for standard solutions, there was a positive bias in potency of about 50%. At 0.10 mL/cylinder, there was a negative bias of approximately 25% except for neomycin, monensin, and bacitracin. For these antibiotics, the bias was about -50%. For hygromycin B, variation in volume of solution per cylinder has little effect on assay results. Experiments on commercial feeds and premixes gave essentially the same results as for the standard solutions experiments. PMID- 3235405 TI - Aflatoxin, a human carcinogen: determination in foods and biological samples by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography. AB - We have used monoclonal antibody technology to produce antibodies that recognize aflatoxins in order to develop noninvasive methods in conjunction with other chemical analytical techniques to monitor human exposure to environmental carcinogens. These methods require the ability to quantitate aflatoxins and their metabolites, including DNA and protein adducts, in readily accessible compartments such as serum and urine. The techniques permit efficient analysis of many samples in a relatively short time. Also, these monoclonal antibody affinity columns have been extremely useful for rapid isolation of aflatoxins from food and grain samples, as well as aflatoxin M1 from milk. Monoclonal antibody affinity methods are nondestructive to the aflatoxin molecule, so the sample aliquot can be used for confirmation. The use of monoclonal antibody preparative affinity columns represents a major, substantive breakthrough for analytical chemists and will be a generally applicable technology for isolation of many different substances. PMID- 3235406 TI - Pesticide residues in milk and fish samples collected from upper Egypt. AB - In Egypt, buffalo milk is much preferred by consumers over cow's milk, while small catfish and bolti fish are common in the diet of farmers. Samples of buffalo milk, catfish, and bolti fish collected from Beni-Suef Governorate (Upper Egypt) were analyzed for organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls. The results obtained by gas chromatography and confirmed by thin-layer chromatographic techniques revealed high amounts of organochlorines in milk; residues were lower but occurred more frequently in fish samples. Pesticide contaminants found most often were HCH isomers including lindane, DDT complex, aldrin and dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, and oxychlordane. Polychlorinated biphenyls were not detected in any of the analyzed samples. PMID- 3235407 TI - Pesticide residue findings by the Luke method in domestic and imported foods and animal feeds for fiscal years 1982-1986. AB - Nearly 20,000 samples of food and feed commodities were analyzed for pesticide residues by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Los Angeles District Laboratory during the 5-year study period 1981-1986. The resultant data base has been summarized to provide separate residue information for domestic and imported samples. The overall violation rates for domestic and imported samples collected on a surveillance basis were 3.0 and 2.6%, respectively. For domestic and imported samples collected on a compliance basis, the overall violation rates were 19.7 and 17.5%, respectively. PMID- 3235408 TI - Determination of nitrogen content in milk by the Kjeldahl method using copper sulfate: interlaboratory study. AB - Copper sulfate was substituted for mercury as the catalyst in the International Dairy Federation (IDF) Standard 20A:1986 method for the determination of nitrogen content in milk. The substitution was supported by results obtained in an interlaboratory study by 24 laboratories in 12 countries. Each laboratory analyzed 12 test samples of milk as blind duplicates in a double split level design with high, medium, and low nitrogen concentrations. The method protocol requires the concurrent analyses of an ammonium salt solution and a tryptophan solution as internal quality control standards with a minimum nitrogen recovery between 99 and 100% for the former and at least 98% for the latter. The repeatability and reproducibility relative standard deviations are 0.5 and 1%, respectively, for the range 0.35-0.70 g N/100 g. The performance of the laboratories that did not meet the required quality control specifications was clearly poorer than that of those that did meet the specifications. PMID- 3235409 TI - Comparison of Babcock and ether extraction methods for determination of fat content of milk: collaborative study. AB - Eleven collaborating laboratories analyzed 18 blind duplicate pairs of raw milk samples for fat by the Babcock method and by a modified Mojonnier ether extraction method in 7 round robins conducted over a 14 month period. Ten laboratories used the Babcock method and 10 used the modified Mojonnier method. Fat content of samples ranged from approximately 2.7 to 5.6%. Mean test value of samples analyzed was approximately 3.9% fat. Average standard deviations of within-laboratory repeatability (Sr) of the Babcock and ether extraction methods were 0.029 and 0.015% fat, respectively. Average standard deviations of between laboratory reproducibility (SR) of the Babcock and ether extraction methods were 0.039 and 0.020% fat, respectively. Average repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) for the Babcock and ether extraction methods were 0.742 and 0.396%; average reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) were 1.014 and 0.512%, respectively. Mean repeatability values (r) and reproducibility values (R) were 0.081 and 0.111% for Babcock and 0.044 and 0.056% for ether extraction, respectively. The ether extraction method demonstrated consistently better within- and between-laboratory agreement. The overall mean test value for the Babcock method was significantly higher (0.021% fat) than that for ether extraction. The difference between Babcock and ether extraction fat test results was different for different farms. In addition, the mean difference between percent fat determined by the Babcock and ether extraction methods was different in different months. There was no correlation in the difference between Babcock and ether extraction methods with the absolute level of fat in the samples in the range of 2.7 to 5.6% fat. The modifications of the AOAC Babcock method and the modified Mojonnier ether extraction method have been approved interim official first action. PMID- 3235410 TI - Validation study of gas chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in animal liver. AB - A validation study was conducted of a gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in chicken, pork, and beef liver. Five analysts representing 5 laboratories analyzed randomly numbered blind duplicates at 3 fortified tissue concentrations and one incurred tissue on 2 consecutive days. The PCP concentrations ranged from approximately 40 to 400 parts per billion (ppb). All data were reported to 3 significant figures in ppb. The coefficients of variation for repeatability were between 2.8 and 8.5%, except for the beef liver, at a mean value of 80 ppb PCP, where the CV was 11.3%. The CVs for reproducibility were in the range of 9.7-16.5% with little significant difference by species. The CV asymptotically approached 10% as the PCP level increased. PMID- 3235411 TI - Determination of sulfite in foods by headspace liquid chromatography. AB - Sulfite was determined in a variety of foods by liquid chromatography (LC) after the samples were mixed with a solution containing mannitol, FeSO4, and Na2HPO4, adjusted to pH 11, and left to stand for 15 min at room temperature. An aliquot of the mixture was placed in a headspace vial and mixed with 50% H3PO4. After 15 min, a portion of the headspace was removed with a syringe containing LC mobile phase without acetonitrile. The syringe was shaken and an aliquot of the solution was analyzed on an anion exchange column with a mobile phase of 0.03M methane sulfonate (pH 10.8) containing 5% acetonitrile. Sulfite was detected amperometrically (glassy carbon electrode) at +0.7 V. The method was successfully compared to the FDA-modified Monier-Williams procedure for a variety of foods. Minimum detectable levels were about 1 microgram/g, based on a 15 g sample. PMID- 3235412 TI - Determination of seven artificial sweeteners in diet food preparations by reverse phase liquid chromatography with absorbance detection. AB - The artificial sweeteners aspartame, saccharin, cyclamate, alitame, acesulfam-K, sucralose, and dulcin are determined in diet soft drinks and tabletop sweetener preparations. Samples are diluted, filtered, and analyzed directly by liquid chromatography on a C-18 reverse-phase column with a mobile phase gradient ranging from 3% acetonitrile in 0.02M KH2PO4 (pH 5) to 20% acetonitrile in 0.02M KH2PO4 (pH 3.5). Diet puddings and dessert toppings are extracted with ethanol, filtered, and diluted with mobile phase for analysis. The sweeteners, except sucralose and cyclamate, were detected by UV absorbance at either 200 or 210 nm. Sucralose was determined at 200 nm or by refractive index. Cyclamate was determined after post-column ion-pair extraction. The sweeteners stevioside and talin were not detected. Additives such as caffeine, sorbic acid, and benzoic acid did not interfere. PMID- 3235413 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of the estrogens daidzein, formononetin, coumestrol, and equol in bovine blood plasma and urine. AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the determination of the plant estrogens diadzein, formononetin, and coumestrol and the estrogenically active metabolite equol in bovine blood plasma and urine. The blood and urine samples are incubated overnight with and without beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase for analysis of both free and conjugated forms of estrogens. Samples are applied to Extrelut columns, extracted with ethyl acetate, and evaporated to dryness. Residues from urine samples are dissolved in methanol, diluted with water, acidified with HCl, and purified by injection through a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. This eluate is used for LC analysis. Residues from blood samples are dissolved in benzene-petroleum ether (1 + 1), extracted with ammonium hydroxide, acidified with glacial acetic acid, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract is evaporated, dissolved in 80% methanol, injected onto a LC reverse phase column, and separated in a linear gradient system between 40 and 80% methanol in phosphate buffer. Quantitation is performed by means of UV and fluorescence responses. The method was sensitive enough to determine 0.4 ng/mL of daidzein and formononetin and 0.1 and 13 ng/mL of coumestrol and equol, respectively, in blood, and 130, 80, and 7 ng/mL of daidzein, formononetin, and coumestrol, respectively, and 4 micrograms/mL of equol in urine. The applicability of the method was checked by the determination of total and free plant estrogens in blood samples from a dairy cow fed a normal diet. PMID- 3235415 TI - Quantitation of ochratoxin A: use of reverse phase thin-layer chromatography for sample cleanup followed by liquid chromatography or direct fluorescence measurement. AB - An improved procedure for sample preparation and quantitation of ochratoxin A in moldy grain was developed. Grain samples were acidified and extracted, and extracts were subjected to reverse phase thin-layer chromatography (RPTLC). The separated spots, which were identified under UV light, were scraped and collected into recovery devices. Ochratoxin A was eluted from the adsorbent and analyzed by either liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection or direct spectrofluorometric measurement. The method yielded values that were proportional to the concentrations of toxin in the sample, had relatively high levels of recovery (94%), and required considerably less volume of solvents and preparation time than a standard packed column method. PMID- 3235414 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for deoxynivalenol in corn and wheat. AB - The availability of antibody against deoxynivalenol (DON) triacetate (Tri-Ac-DON) has enabled development of a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an indirect ELISA for DON in corn and wheat. In both assays, DON is extracted from the sample with acetonitrile-water, reacted with acetic anhydride to form Tri-Ac-DON, and diluted in phosphate buffer for analysis. Direct ELISA was found to be the more sensitive procedure. Fewer interferences are evidenced, and the assay is less time consuming than is indirect ELISA. For direct ELISA, recovery of 10-1000 ppb DON added to corn and wheat was 100% (SD 15, CV 15%) and 102.1% (SD 12.2, CV 11.9%), respectively. For indirect ELISA, overall recovery of 10 1000 ppb DON added to wheat was 121.5% (SD 39.5, CV 32.5%); in the higher concentration range (500-1000 ppb), recovery was 105% (SD 18, CV 17%). The minimal detection level for DON was around 10 ppb. Analysis of 7 naturally contaminated samples for DON showed that the ELISA results agreed well with those obtained by radioimmunoassay and thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 3235416 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in feedstuffs containing citrus pulp. AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for the determination of aflatoxins in feedstuffs containing citrus pulp. The feed-stuff sample is extracted with chloroform, followed by Sep-Pak Florisil cartridge cleanup and Sep Pak C18 cartridge cleanup. The final eluate (water-acetone, 85 + 15, v/v) is submitted to reverse-phase liquid chromatography with water-methanol-acetonitrile (130 + 70 + 40, v/v/v) as mobile phase and postcolumn derivatization with iodine. Citrus components are removed from the extract efficiently. The limit of detection for aflatoxin B1 is less than 1 microgram/kg. Other aflatoxins can also be detected and measured. Recoveries of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 for dairy rations spiked at 13, 5, 10, and 4 micrograms/kg were 87, 86, 81, and 82%, respectively. Corresponding coefficients of variation were 3.1, 3.6, 5.2, and 3.8%, respectively. PMID- 3235417 TI - Fluorometric determination of benzylideneacetone in fragrance products by liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization. AB - A method is described for the liquid chromatographic (LC)-fluorometric determination of benzylideneacetone in fragrance products. Benzylideneacetone is first separated from other fragrance ingredients by LC and then reacted post column with a methanolic solution of isonicotinic acid hydrazide and aluminum nitrate. The reactants are maintained at 65 degrees C for about 1.5 min to quantitatively form the fluorescent isonicotinoyl hydrazone derivative of benzylideneacetone. The aluminum ion forms a complex with the hydrazone to enhance the fluorescence of the derivative. The amount of benzylideneacetone is determined by measuring the intensity of the fluorescence emitted by the hydrazone derivative and comparing that value with those obtained for derivatized standards. Recovery studies were conducted by spiking commercial fragrances with benzylideneacetone at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% (w/v). Recoveries ranged from 98 to 104% with a mean recovery of 100.2% and a standard deviation of 2.4%. PMID- 3235419 TI - Gas chromatographic method for determination of fenitrothion in fenitrothion technical and in formulated products: collaborative study. AB - A gas chromatographic (GC) method for determination of fenitrothion in fenitrothion technical and formulated products has been subjected to a collaborative study with 7 participating laboratories. Formulations are extracted with chloroform containing dibutyl sebacate as an internal standard and are analyzed by gas chromatography using an OV-210 column. Collaborators were furnished matched pairs of technical product and water-dispersible powder and emulsifiable concentrate formulations. Relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) for the paired samples were 0.54, 1.00, and 1.56%, respectively, for technical fenitrothion, water-dispersible powders, and emulsifiable concentrates. The method has been approved interim official first action as an alternative to the present official first action AOAC method 6.A19 6.A24, which uses a polyphenyl ether, 6 ring (PPE-6R) column packing and fluoranthene as internal standard. PMID- 3235418 TI - Liquid chromatographic method for determination of azinphos-methyl in formulated products: collaborative study. AB - A liquid chromatographic method for determination of azinphosmethyl (Guthion) in formulated products has been developed. Samples are dissolved in acetonitrile and analyzed by reverse-phase chromatography using n-butyrophenone as an internal standard. The method was subjected to a collaborative study involving 15 participating laboratories. Each collaborator was furnished with reference standard, internal standard, and blind duplicate samples of Guthion 50% wettable powder (50WP), 3 flowable (3F), and emulsifiable concentrate (2L and 2S) formulations. Collaborators were instructed to evaluate the method by peak height measurements only. Relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) were 1.11, 6.28, 2.47, and 1.17% for the 50WP, 3F, 2L, and 2S formulations, respectively. The method has been approved interim official first action for determination of azinphos-methyl in the 50WP, 2L, and 2S formulations. PMID- 3235420 TI - Asthma research: an impasse or Tower of Babel? PMID- 3235421 TI - The meaning of health to 9-, 10-, and 11-year-old children with chronic asthma. AB - Although many studies explore the meaning of illness and symptoms to children who have chronic illnesses, few examine the meaning of health. An analysis of interviews with 71 children, aged 9-11 years, with mild to severe asthma revealed that the most common criterion they used to judge their healthiness was the ability to be active. Activity and other physical/functional abilities accounted for 46% of all responses. Other positive affective qualities, such as being happy or joyful, accounted for another 27%. The absence of asthma-specific symptoms accounted for only 9% and of general illness symptoms 5% of the total responses. PMID- 3235422 TI - Living with Asthma. I. Genesis and development of a self-management program for childhood asthma. AB - This paper traces the roots of Living with Asthma, a self-management program for childhood asthma, from the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital (CARIH), a residential treatment center in Denver, Colorado. The basic components of the program were developed and tested over the 40-year history of CARIH; the findings of an educational unit were added to this accumulated knowledge and expertise to complete the system. The program rests heavily on social learning theory, particularly two major tenets: 1) the concept of reciprocal determinism and 2) the learning/performance dichotomy. The crucial role of these concepts is described here, especially with respect to the design of the program and the selection of dependent variables. The remainder of this article describes the essentials of Living with Asthma, particularly the skills taught and performed by patients in a formal evaluation of the system. The design of the study, characteristics of patients enrolled in the program, and results obtained with the system are discussed. The program proved highly effective in significantly improving the knowledge of asthma in parents and their children, and in developing positive attitudes in both groups. It also produced significant reductions in the number of attacks experienced by the youngsters and improved their peak flow values. Participation in the program resulted in changes in morbidity indices of asthma, including significant reductions in school absenteeism and health-care costs incurred because of the disorder. These changes, it was concluded, reflected the result of the performance by patients of the self-management skills taught in Living with Asthma, coupled with the exceptional medical treatment they received. PMID- 3235423 TI - Some simple scales for use in asthma research. AB - Several reviewers have recently identified a need for systematic efforts to improve the quality of questionnaires and other measures used in asthma research. This article applies standard psychometric techniques to scales developed to help meet this need. These scales assess asthma symptoms, respiratory diseases, the extent to which asthma inconveniences patients, medication regimens, and medication side effects. Scale quality was assessed by using data from 262 adult asthma patients. The results in general support the usefulness of these scales. The reliabilities indicate an acceptable to good level of internal consistency; the spread of scores is good; and correlations with external variables support validity. PMID- 3235424 TI - Measures of asthma severity recorded by patients. AB - Twenty-nine children with asthma made daily recordings of the severity of their asthma for 8 months. Each child recorded four measures of severity: a medication usage score, a morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), an evening PEFR, and a subjective rating of overall severity. We determined the relationships between the four measures. Except for the morning and evening PEFRs, the relationships between the measures were weak; the PEFR measures were highly related to one another. The relationship between PEFR scores and medication usage scores increased following biofeedback relaxation training. PMID- 3235425 TI - Epidemiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) PMID- 3235426 TI - The prevalence of coronary heart disease in rural population from central India. PMID- 3235427 TI - Acute drug interaction between indomethacin and nifedipine in hypertensive patients. PMID- 3235428 TI - Retinopathy in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in south India. PMID- 3235429 TI - Spectrum of nephrotic syndrome in adults in north India--a clinicopathologic study. PMID- 3235430 TI - A profile of Aspergillus in lung diseases. PMID- 3235431 TI - Thyroid hormones in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3235432 TI - A peculiar manifestation in dermatoglyphic patterns of diabetics. PMID- 3235433 TI - Hemodialysis in severe alcoholic intoxication. PMID- 3235434 TI - WPW syndrome with myocardial infarction. PMID- 3235435 TI - Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction-current status. PMID- 3235436 TI - Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. PMID- 3235437 TI - Typhoid glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3235438 TI - Cutaneous vasculitis--a rare complication of acute meningococcal meningitis in an adult. PMID- 3235440 TI - Cardiac involvement in SLE--more unfamiliar than uncommon. PMID- 3235439 TI - Bilateral pheochromocytoma with papilloedema. PMID- 3235442 TI - Hemochromatosis--secondary prevention. PMID- 3235441 TI - Acute cerebellar ataxia--a rare complication of enteric fever. PMID- 3235443 TI - Human intestinal myiasis. PMID- 3235444 TI - Enzymatic transesterification with the lipase from Pseudomonas fragi 22.39 B in a non-aqueous reaction system. AB - The lipase from Pseudomonas fragi 22.39 B catalyzed the transesterification in ester and alcohol mixtures without any other solvent. Activated esters, such as vinyl and phenyl esters, were excellent acyl donors for the reaction, and the activity was enhanced by increasing the carbon number of the fatty acid fraction of the esters. Primary alcohols were esterified faster than secondary ones in this reaction system, while tertiary alcohols such as alpha-terpineol did not react at all. The lipase exhibited stereoselectivity in the esterification of alcohols such as 2-octanol. PMID- 3235445 TI - Prediction of in-vivo modification sites of proteins from their primary structures. AB - In order to make better use of the information contained in rapidly expanding amino acid sequence data, a new method to predict various modification sites of proteins from their primary structures is presented. It is also applicable to the prediction of other functional sites in proteins. Here we show the examples of N glycosylation and serine/threonine phosphorylation sites. The method is essentially an elaboration of consensus sequence pattern matching based on stepwise discriminant analysis. The occurring amino acids near a potential modification site are represented by six numerical values which reflect various properties of amino acids. Longer-range effects around these sites are also considered. The stepwise procedure enabled us to automatically select effective features for discrimination. A computer program with our method first identifies potential modification sites by a sequence pattern, NX(S/T) for N-glycosylation or (S/T) for phosphorylation, and then decides by discriminant analysis whether a potential site is likely to be a true modification site. The prediction accuracy in the second step of discrimination was about 60% for glycosylation sites and about 80% for phosphorylation sites. PMID- 3235446 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of ferredoxin from Peridinium bipes (Dinophyceae). AB - The amino acid sequence of the major ferredoxin component isolated from a dinoflagellate, Peridinium bipes, was completely determined. Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteolytic, tryptic and chymotryptic peptides of Cm-ferredoxin were prepared and sequenced. The sequence was Phe-Lys-Val-Thr-Leu-Asp-Thr-Pro-Asp-Gly Lys-Lys-Ser-Phe-Glu-Cys- Pro-Gly-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ile-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ala-Glu-Glu-Glu-Gly Leu-Glu-Leu-Pro- Tyr-Ser - Cys-Arg-Ala-Gly-Ser-Cys-Ser-Ser-Cys-Ala-Gly-Lys-Val Leu-Thr-Gly-Ser-Ile- Asp-Gln - Ser-Asp-Gln-Ala-Phe-Leu-Asp-Asp-Asp-Gln-Gly-Gly Asp-Gly-Tyr-Cys-Leu-Thr- Cys-Val - Thr-Tyr-Pro-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Thr-Ile-Lys-Thr His-Cys-Glu-Ser-Glu-Leu. It was composed of 93 amino acid residues with 7 cysteine residues, the highest number found among the chloroplast-type ferredoxins so far sequenced. A cysteine residue was found for the first time at the 89th position in a chloroplast-type ferredoxin. Calculation of the numbers of amino acid differences among chloroplast-type ferredoxins indicates that the Peridinium ferredoxin is far divergent not only from higher plant ferredoxins but also from blue-green algal ferredoxins. PMID- 3235447 TI - Monospecific antiserum to rat spermidine synthase and its application to rat tissues and several mammals. AB - Monospecific antiserum to rat spermidine synthase was prepared by immunization of rabbits with purified enzyme protein from rat prostate, and its usefulness for analysis of spermidine synthase protein in not only rat tissues but also several other mammals was demonstrated by Western blotting and immunotitration of the enzyme activity. Application of the antiserum for elucidating the relationship between the enzyme activity and protein in normal rat tissues strongly suggested that marked difference in spermidine synthase activity among rat tissues depends solely on the difference in the amount of enzyme protein. Also, application of the antiserum for analyzing spermidine synthase from liver of mouse, rat, guinea pig, pig, and human, showed that the enzymes had a similar subunit molecular weight of 35,000 and a cross-reactivity with the antiserum, exhibiting almost the same immunoreactivity to mouse enzyme as to rat enzyme. Thus, it was suggested that the antiserum would be useful for further studies of mammalian spermidine synthase from the viewpoints of enzymology and molecular biology. PMID- 3235448 TI - Interaction between chicken gizzard caldesmon and tropomyosin. AB - Chicken gizzard muscle caldesmon has been examined for ability to interact with tropomyosin from chicken gizzard muscle by using fluorescence enhancement of tropomyosin labeled with dansyl chloride (DNS) and affinity chromatography. The binding of caldesmon to tropomyosin was regulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin, i.e., at low ionic strength most of the caldesmon bound to tropomyosin-Sepharose 4B was co-eluted by adding calmodulin only in the presence of Ca2+, but not in its absence. This regulation by Ca2+ and calmodulin was also suggested by fluorescence measurements. Actin- and calmodulin-binding sites on the caldesmon molecule were located in the 38K fragment (Fujii, T., Imai, M., Rosenfeld, G.C., & Bryan, J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 2757-2763). When 38K-enriched fraction was applied to the tropomyosin-Sepharose, the 38K fragment was retained by the column and could be eluted by adding Ca2+ and calmodulin. PMID- 3235449 TI - Melibiosylceramide as the sole ceramide dihexoside from the eggs of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina. AB - Melibiosylceramide (Gal alpha 1-6Glc beta 1-1Cer) was found as the sole ceramide dihexoside from the eggs of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina. Ceramide monohexoside of the eggs consisted only of glucosylceramide (Glc beta 1-1Cer). These lipids were purified by successive column chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex A-25, silicic acid and Florisil, and identified by gas-liquid chromatography, negative-ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as methylation analysis. Long-chain base compositions of both lipids were almost identical and comprised n-C18 phytosphingosine and small amounts of its homologs (C17-C19). Fatty acid compositions were qualitatively very similar, but the glucosylceramide contained more 2-hydroxy fatty acid than the melibiosylceramide. Although the chain length of fatty acids was distributed over a wide range, six major fatty acids, namely 22:1, 23:1, 24:1, 22h:1, 23h:1 and 24h:1, constituted more than 92% of the fatty acid content in these lipids. PMID- 3235450 TI - Comparison of fluorescence characteristics of products of peroxidation of membrane phospholipids with those of products derived from reaction of malonaldehyde with glycine as a model of lipofuscin fluorescent substances. AB - The fluorescence characteristics of product (I), formed during the lipid peroxidation of rat liver phosphatidylcholine liposomes containing glycine, and fluorescent product (II), derived from the reaction of malonaldehyde with glycine, were examined to elucidate the mechanism of fluorescent chromophore formation. Fluorescent product (I) had a fluorescence emission maximum at 430 nm when excited at 360 nm; its fluorescence intensity decreases in alkaline medium, but is restored by readjustment of pH to neutrality. In contrast, fluorescent product (II) exhibited an emission maximum at 458 nm, and the fluorescence was quenched at acidic pH. The fluorescent substances formed during the lipid peroxidation of hemoglobin-free human erythrocyte ghost membranes had similar fluorescence characteristics to product (I). Gel filtration experiments showed that molecular size of fluorescent product (I) was larger than that of fluorescent product (II). The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances released from peroxidizing liposomal phospholipids had a larger molecular size than malonaldehyde, and produced little or no fluorescence with glycine. It is concluded that the precursor of the fluorescent product formed during the lipid peroxidation of membrane phospholipids differs from malonaldehyde. The mechanism of the formation of blue emitting fluorescent material, believed to be a component of lipofuscin, seems to involve peroxidized phospholipids of the membrane. PMID- 3235451 TI - The primary structure of rat platelet phospholipase A2. AB - In our previous report (Hayakawa, M., Kudo, I., Tomita, M., & Inoue, K. (1988) J. Biochem. 103, 263-266), we have shown that phospholipases A2 purified from rat platelet membrane fractions and an extracellular medium of thrombin-stimulated rat platelets were essentially identical to each other. Both purified enzymes were digested with proteases, and the resulting peptides were subjected to primary sequence determination. The sequence analysis of the HPLC-separated peptides and the alignment of the sequences showed a tentative primary structure of rat platelet phospholipase A2, which was composed of 125 amino acid residues. It showed 47% homology with snake venom Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii phospholipase A2. PMID- 3235453 TI - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA of microsomal carboxyesterase E1 of rat liver. AB - cDNA clones of the mRNA for rat liver carboxyesterase E1, one of the carboxyesterases exclusively located on the luminal side of microsomal vesicles, were isolated. Sequence analysis of 2 kbp long cDNA revealed the primary structure of carboxyesterase E1, which consisted of 549 amino acids (Mr 60, 171.71) and contained an extra peptide of 18 amino acids at the NH2-terminus of the mature enzyme. Comparison of the deduced primary structure and sequences of some proteolytic fragments of the purified enzyme indicated the multiplicity of the enzyme. The extra peptide at the NH2-terminal had features in common with the signal peptides of most secretory proteins. However, no polar amino acid residues existed before the hydrophobic core of the signal peptide. A new interpretation is proposed to explain how the signal peptide without the NH2-terminal polar residues works. A tetrapeptide (KDEL) which was shown to keep a few microsomal proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum was not found in the primary structure of carboxyesterase E1, which suggested the existence of another mechanism for retention of proteins in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum. Carboxyesterase E1 showed significant homology with the COOH-terminal portion of thyroglobulin. PMID- 3235452 TI - Purification and characterization of acid phosphatase in rat liver lysosomal contents. AB - Acid phosphatase in rat liver lysosomal contents, C-APase I, was purified about 5,700-fold over the homogenate with 8.0% recovery, to apparent homogeneity as determined from the pattern on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and in the absence of SDS. The purification procedures included; preparation of crude lysosomal contents, DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and gel filtration with Sephacryl S-300. The enzyme is composed of three identical subunits with an apparent molecular weight of 48K. The enzyme contains about 11% carbohydrate and the carbohydrate moiety was composed of mannose, fucose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine in a molar ratio of 20:3:11:1. Sialic acid was not detected in the enzyme. Antisera against the purified C-APase I were raised in goat and the C-APase I was rapidly purified with high yield (10%) by using the specific antibodies coupled to Sepharose 6B. PMID- 3235454 TI - Isolation from bovine brain of 155 kDa component exhibiting myosin light chain kinase activity. AB - 1) Taking myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity as the index, bovine extract was fractionated by the use of anion-exchange chromatography, cation-exchange chromatography, and calmodulin affinity chromatography. The kinase activity of the fraction thus obtained was elevated up to about 12,400 times over that of the original crude extract. 2) The fraction mentioned above was subjected again to anion exchange chromatography. The kinase activities were divided into two parts, i.e., part I which contained the 155 kDa component and part II which was virtually free of 155 kDa component. The MLCK activity of part I was considerably lower than that of part II. 3) Part I was subjected to gel filtration using AcA 34 gel and the 155 kDa component was isolated. The fraction contained the 155 kDa component in a homogeneous state and showed myosin specific kinase activity, which was about 2 X 10(5) times that of the original crude extract. 4) The high kinase activity of part II seemed to be ascribable to the 130 kDa component, in accord with the report of Hathaway, Adelstein, and Klee (J. Biol. Chem. 256, 8183 8189, 1981). PMID- 3235455 TI - Preparation of protein components exhibiting myosin light chain kinase activities from bovine aorta: discrepancies between its enzyme activity and actomyosin activating effect. AB - 1) Two protein components, 155 and 130 kDa in their electrophoretic molecular weights, respectively, were isolated in a homogeneous state from bovine aorta; they showed both the superprecipitation-inducing effect on desensitized natural actomyosin and the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) action on gizzard myosin. 2) The superprecipitating activity of the 155 kDa component was 5 time higher than that of the 130 kDa component on the basis of equivalent MLCK activity. 3) The same procedure was applied to bovine stomach, giving rise to a 155 kDa component in a homogeneous state as in the case of aorta, but the 130 kDa component thus prepared was contaminated by higher molecular weight components. 4) If compared on the basis of equivalent MLCK activity, bovine stomach 155 kDa component showed more than 10 times higher superprecipitating activity than the fraction that contained the 130 kDa component as the main constituent. 5) The discrepancy between the superprecipitating activity and MLCK activity mentioned above was discussed in relation to the Ca2+ regulation mechanism in smooth muscle contraction. The possibility that the 130 kDa component might be a proteolytic product of the 155 kDa component was also discussed. PMID- 3235456 TI - Analysis of the biocompatibility of ALCAP ceramics in rat femurs. AB - Ceramics composed of aluminum, calcium, and phosphorus oxides (ALCAP) were tested for compatibility as bone replacement biomaterials. Implantation of ALCAP ceramics in rat femurs had no deleterious effect on body weights, organ/body weight ratios, muscle, bone, blood, and kidney function. Aluminum resorbed from ALCAP ceramic bone implants was excreted in the urine and was not deposited in adjacent muscle. Plasma levels of aluminum were not elevated in rats implanted with ALCAP ceramics. Alkaline phosphatase activity of excised implant sites indicated greater bone formation in ALCAP ceramic implants than in bone autografts. Radiographs and implant histology demonstrated excellent bone association with implants and ingrowth of new bone into ALCAP ceramic implants. ALCAP ceramics are biocompatible and suitable for reconstruction of bone. PMID- 3235457 TI - The effect of plasma-sprayed calcium phosphate ceramic coatings on the metal ion release from porous titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys. AB - Bone tissue ingrowth in porous materials is enhanced by the deposition of bioactive calcium phosphate ceramic linings onto the pore walls. These bioactive coatings can be deposited using several methods which yield a variety of coating efficiencies and thereby influence the mechanisms and kinetics of ion release from the metal. We analyzed the effect of plasma-spraying hydroxyapatite onto titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys by measuring the release of Ti, Al, V, Co, and Cr in vitro. Plasma-sprayed coatings significantly reduced the Ti and Al release from titanium-based alloy specimens. The tendencies of release from the cobalt-based specimens are less pronounced. The data substantiate that neither localized enhanced passive dissolution of metal ions nor ceramic shielding of the metal occurs. The Scanning Auger Electron Microprobe Spectroscopic data suggest that the dissipation of thermal and kinetic energy of the ceramic particle at the time of impact can produce compositional and structural changes in the metal surfaces. The resulting effects are significant for the titanium alloy but less significant for the Co-Cr alloy system. PMID- 3235458 TI - Multilayered bead ceramic composite coating for hip prostheses: experimental studies and preliminary clinical results. AB - The clinical use of a new ceramic composite material made up of multilayered alumina beads and adhered to a ceramic surface with a high-temperature-melting bioglass is proposed. The result is a structure characterised by a 27% porosity and an average pore diameter of 400 microns. The actual structure of the parts as well as their interface interaction were determined by Raman laser. The mechanical resistance of the adherence of this coating for the ceramic substratum was good enough to resist the stress to which it was submitted when used for a new model of prosthetic acetabulum. Experiments with rabbits revealed the good biocompatibility of the composite. The osteoproductive activity of the tissue surrounding the implant led to the gradual filling of the porosity with trabecular structures. The preliminary results of the clinical experience which began in November 1985, confirm the good compatibility of the ceramic composite. PMID- 3235459 TI - Ceramic systems for long-term delivery of chemicals and biologicals. AB - Evaluation of devices, drugs, and drug delivery systems have been investigated by both in vitro and in vivo procedures. Ceramic drug delivery systems can be used to evaluate chemicals and biologicals by both in vitro and in vivo procedures. The system can also reduce handling of the animals and facilitate long-term evaluations before conducting clinical trials. To date, ceramic systems have been used to deliver aldosterone, androstanedione, beta-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, chymotrypsin, danazol, difluoromeythylornithine, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, gamma globulin, gonadotrophic releasing hormone, gossypol, growth hormone, insulin, methylene blue, pepsin, progesterone, and testosterone. The data obtained suggest that ceramic delivery systems can be used in the near future to treat diseases requiring long-term chronic drug therapy as well as disorders caused by deficiency of certain hormones. PMID- 3235460 TI - Abridged report of the committee to survey the needs and opportunities for the biomaterials industry. PMID- 3235461 TI - Fatigue properties of acrylic bone cement: S-N, P-N, and P-S-N data. AB - The determination of the fatigue properties of a material is a fundamental criteria in the engineering design process. The fatigue properties are governed by a number of factors, one of which is the inherent scatter in the data. In order to take into account this scatter in the results, the concept of the probability of failure (P) is introduced and interconnected with the well known stress (S) versus number of cycles to failure (N) data. This report determines the S-N curve, P-N curve, and P-S-N contour for the three leading acrylic bone cements: Surgical Simplex P, Zimmer LVC, and Zimmer Regular. Tensile specimens were fabricated according to ASTM D638 specifications and tested in uniaxial, zero-tension fatigue. The resulting stress versus number of cycles to failure data was subjected to a nonlinear least-squares analysis to determine the mathematical expression of the fatigue curve. Statistical analysis showed excellent fit of the data to the predicted curve for estimation of the endurance limit of each cement. The results indicated that Zimmer LVC had the highest endurance limit while the limit of Simplex-P and Zimmer Regular were significantly lower. No significant difference was noted in the endurance limit between Simplex-P and Zimmer Regular. The probability of failure at each stress level was determined with respect to fatigue distribution functions. Using the normal distribution function and previous S-N data, the P-S-N contour was generated for each cement. The P-S-N contour fully describes the fatigue characteristics of the material. PMID- 3235462 TI - Fabrication and characterization of small-diameter vascular prostheses. AB - We have developed a process to fabricate polyurethane vascular grafts of various dimensions and porosities in our laboratory. A primary feature of the presented fabrication technique is the ability to control surface porosity and roughness, and bulk mechanical properties. The method is based on the spray application of a fine mixture of polymer solution and nitrogen gas bubbles onto a lathe-mounted mandrel. The technique was successfully tested with Tecoflex, a linear segmented aliphatic polyurethane. Other urethane polymers can be used as well. Several polymer coats are applied in a semiautomated process, at the end of which the polymer coating is dried and the tube is slipped off the mandrel. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the fabrication process and present results of the evaluation of grafts. Wall structure was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and compliance was measured in a specially designed testing apparatus. We developed methods to quantify kink resistance and suture retention capacity of the grafts. These characteristics were correlated with graft fabrication variables: mandrel rpm, horizontal speed of the spray nozzle, gas and polymer solution flow rates. We were able to routinely produce 3-6-mm-ID grafts with 0.5 1.2-mm wall thickness and average bulk pore sizes of 10-250 microns; the wall porosity could be varied between 30 and 70%. Compliance values of the grafts were comparable with corresponding values of carotid and femoral arteries of dogs. PMID- 3235463 TI - Physicochemical characterization of deposits associated with HA ceramics implanted in nonosseous sites. AB - Pellets of well-characterized microporous hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic were implanted in hamsters in two nonosseous sites: (1) in the fatty tissue of the gingival crease, far from bony tissue and (2) in intraperitoneal sites. The implants in site 1 were placed directly in contact with tissues, cells, and extracellular fluids while the implants in site 2 were placed in special chambers made of plexiglass cylinders covered in both ends with millipore filters, preventing contact with tissues and cells, but not with extracellular fluids. The hamsters were sacrificed and the implants recovered after 8, 16, 30, 150, and 365 days. The pellets were characterized using x-ray diffraction, infrared absorption, thermogravimetry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and calcium and phosphate analyses before and after implantation. Physicochemical analyses of HA ceramic implants before and after implantation demonstrated the formation of new material which was significantly different from the HA ceramic in terms of the following: (a) morphology (size of shape) of crystals; (b) intimate association of the inorganic phase of the new material with an organic phase similar to inorganic/organic association in bone; (c) the inorganic phase of the new material is a CO3-apatite, similar to that of bone, while the HA in ceramic is CO3-free; (d) electron diffraction of apatite of new material is similar to that of bone apatite. This study also demonstrated that the new material associated with the HA ceramics implanted in two different nonosseous sites were identical in spite of the differences in their microenvironment (cellular and acellular). PMID- 3235464 TI - Binding of heparin onto ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer membrane. AB - Heparin was ionically bound onto the surface of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) membrane which was derivatized by aminoacetalization to produce cationic surface charges. The amount of bound heparin was proportional to the ion exchange capacity of the aminoacetalized membrane and the maximal amount obtained in this experiment was 96 Unit/cm2 (0.59 mg/cm2). Plasma recalcification times were measured for the heparinized membrane thus obtained. Recalcification times increased proportionally with the amount of heparin bound on the membrane, while original EVAL membranes and the non-heparinized aminoacetalized membrane did not show increases in recalcification times. This means that the heparinized EVAL membrane has a more nonthrombogenic property due to the release of heparin. The apparent amount of heparin released from the membrane into plasma was estimated from plasma recalcification times. The release rate was 0.30-0.33 Unit/cm2/h (1.8 X 10(-3)-2.0 X 10(-3) mg/cm2/h) for the membranes whose surface was considered to be saturated with heparin. The release amount was about 0.6% compared to the adsorbed heparin in the case of the 96 Unit/cm2-heparinized membrane incubated in plasma for 60 min. PMID- 3235465 TI - Heat transfer analysis of frictional heat dissipation during articulation of femoral implants. AB - Previous studies have shown the tendency for frictional heating to occur during articulation of total hip systems in vitro under simulated hip loading conditions. The magnitude of this heating is sufficient to accelerate wear, creep, and oxidation degradation of the UHMWPE bearing surface. It was shown that ceramic articulating systems generate less frictional heating than polished cobalt alloy against UHMWPE. This frictional heating is expected to occur primarily for younger, heavier, and more active patients. Thus, long-term performance of the articulating hip system in these patients may not be that predicted from current, body-temperature wear, creep, and degradation studies. Although the tendency to generate frictional heat has been observed only during in vitro simulated hip loading, a heat transfer analysis of this phenomenon is presented to evaluate the ability of the hip joint to dissipate such heating in vivo. Additional experiments were performed using controlled resistance heaters inside a cobalt femoral head to verify the calculated levels of frictional heat and to assess the heat dissipation under simulated in vivo conditions. The effect of blood perfusion on the effective thermal conductivity of the joint capsule is also discussed. The present study describes and analyzes the various heat dissipation mechanisms present both in vitro and in vivo during articulation of metal and ceramic hip systems. From these tests and analyses, it is concluded that frictional heating in the reconstructed hip cannot be effectively removed, and that degredative elevated temperature processes can be expected to occur in vivo to both the UHMWPE and adjacent tissue under extended periods of excessive patient activity. This is particularly true for metal cobalt alloy femoral heads articulating on UHMWPE versus ceramic heads which generate significantly lower levels of heat. PMID- 3235466 TI - Material properties of living soft tissue composites. AB - Collagen sponges seeded with fibroblasts have been used as a soft tissue substitute in wound healing applications. This biomaterial is a good in vitro analog of a connective tissue. Therefore, analysis of the properties of this material may be useful for theoretically modeling soft tissues. Stress-strain curves for such cell-seeded collagen sponges were measured to determine composite stiffness and ultimate tensile strength. Theoretical modeling was done by defining a particle-reinforced matrix using the composite sphere model. A system of uniaxially oriented fibers was then introduced to this equivalent homogeneous media and material properties were determined using the composite cylinder model. Geometric averaging was performed to yield the stiffness and Poissons' ratio for a composite with randomly oriented fibers. Inputs to the model were constituent material properties, cell volume fraction, and fiber volume fraction. From theoretical results, material properties of soft tissues and their substitutes depend on fiber mechanical properties and volume fraction and not cellular mechanical properties and volume fraction. Therefore, the increase in experimentally observed composite stiffness with increased cell number was due to deposition of newly synthesized stiffer collagen fibers, and not due to the physical presence of cells themselves. PMID- 3235468 TI - Tendon cell outgrowth rates and morphology associated with kevlar-49. AB - A rat tendon cell model was used to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of kevlar-49. The cell response to kevlar was compared to carbon AS-4 and nylon sutures. Three trials were run and cell growth rates were statistically similar for all the materials tested. A separate experiment was conducted in which the same fiber materials were placed in the same Petri dish. Again, the rates were similar for each material. Finally, the cells were observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the three classic cell morphologies associated with this tendon cell model were observed. Also, cellular attachment to the fiber and cellular encapsulation of the fiber were identical for the three materials tested. Kevlar-49 proved to be comparable to carbon AS4 and nylon sutures in terms of cellular response and cell outgrowth rates. PMID- 3235467 TI - Strength of bonding between A-W glass-ceramic and the surface of bone cortex. AB - We examined the bonding strength of apatite- and wollastonite-containing glass ceramics (A-W.GC) to the surface of bone cortex. Semi-column-shaped blocks of A W.GC were fixed with screws on the surface of the tibiae of rabbits. The blocks of alumina-ceramic were used as the control. The load required to detach the implant from the surface of bone cortex was measured 2, 4, 8, and 25 weeks after the implantation. The bonding strength between A-W.GC and the surface of bone cortex increased with time. It increased remarkably 4 weeks after the implantation, suggesting that the chemical bonding advanced rapidly between 2 and 4 weeks after the implantation. The tensile strength of bonding reached a maximum of 15.1 +/- 3.1 kg/cm2 25 weeks after the implantation. The shear strength of bonding reached a maximum of 17.1 +/- 2.3 kg/cm2 25 weeks after the implantation. From these studies, we conclude that A-W.GC has a capability of making relatively quick bonding to the surface of bone cortex. PMID- 3235469 TI - Biomaterials for facial bone augmentation: comparative studies. PMID- 3235470 TI - How changes in computer technology are revolutionizing the practice of chemistry. AB - During the early 1980s, two major developments in computer technology changed the way chemists approached their science. The advent of the micropressor and then the PC changed experimental chemistry, while the availability of two classes of computer, the superminicomputer and supercomputer, greatly influenced computational chemistry. In the past two years, graphics workstation computers have begun to affect the practice of chemistry by combining fast, high resolution, multiwindow graphics with superminicomputer power. In 1988, the advent of a new class of computer--the graphics supercomputer--offers extraordinary promise to both theoretician and experimentalist. In these systems, near-Cray compute power is combined with ultrahigh-speed 3-dimensional graphics for unparalleled visualization of molecular processes and other complex events. This is made practical not just by computing and graphics power but by use of ultrahigh internal bandwidths inside the graphics supercomputers. Another major development in scientific computing is the evolving concept of the laboratory computer network. Current network designs include hierarchical configurations incorporating various levels of computers--through supercomputers--either locally or via national or regional networks. New software methods are also having impact on chemical research, allowing, for example, the scientist to better abstract information from noisy or incomplete experimental data. Use of parallelism (multiple CPUs) in new design workstation computers will extend their power, by the early 1990s, past that of current supercomputer mainframes. Within five years the chemist will have $10 million of 1985 computer power on his desk, for considerably less than $100,000, along with visualization tools and software only dreamed of in 1985.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3235471 TI - Chemical Abstracts Service Chemical Registry System. 10. Registration of substances from pre-1965 indexes of Chemical Abstracts. AB - The Chemical Abstracts Service Chemical Registry System, operating since 1965, uniquely identifies chemical substances on the basis of molecular structure. Chemical Abstracts Service is now registering chemical substances cited in indexes to Chemical Abstracts prior to 1965. This effort will result in several hundred thousand additional chemical structures, along with their names, being available for online searching in the Registry File. Both the newly registered substances and those already on file are being linked to their pre-1965 citations in Chemical Abstracts in a new file called CAOLD. In this effort the printed Formula Index entries are converted to computer-readable form by using optical character recognition with the data subsequently processed with existing computer programs. PMID- 3235472 TI - Chemical Abstracts Service Chemical Registry System. 11. Substance-related statistics: update and additions. AB - Statistics are updated for types of substances, ring systems, and elemental composition that have been determined for the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Structure File at different points in time. This paper reports the updated figures and in addition some new statistics and offers some comparisons to show various shifts in file characteristics. PMID- 3235473 TI - Heuristic refinement method for the derivation of protein solution structures: validation on cytochrome b562. AB - A method is described for determining the family of protein structures compatible with solution data obtained primarily from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Starting with all possible conformations, the method systematically excludes conformations until the remaining structures are only those compatible with the data. The apparent computational intractability of this approach is reduced by assembling the protein in pieces, by considering the protein at several levels of abstraction, by utilizing constraint satisfaction methods to consider only a few atoms at a time, and by utilizing artificial intelligence methods of heuristic control to decide which actions will exclude the most conformations. Example results are presented for simulated NMR data from the known crystal structure of cytochrome b562 (103 residues). For 10 sample backbones an average root-mean-square deviation from the crystal of 4.1 A was found for all alpha-carbon atoms and 2.8 A for helix alpha-carbons alone. The 10 backbones define the family of all structures compatible with the data and provide nearly correct starting structures for adjustment by any of the current structure determination methods. PMID- 3235474 TI - 13C NMR assignments of the bases in oligodeoxynucleotides: an automated procedure using Bayesian statistics. AB - A statistical method, Bayes Maximum Likelihood, has been applied to the classification of base 13C NMR resonances in DNA oligomers. An accuracy of 100% for carbon class discrimination was achieved for a preliminary training set of four oligomers using the following four parameters: (1) the chemical shift; (2) the temperature at which the spectrum was obtained; (3) the difference in chemical shift from the C5 resonances; and (4) a sequence factor representing the neighboring nucleotides. Classification of a fifth oligomer, previously assigned and not contained in the original training set, gave reasonable carbon class assignments. PMID- 3235475 TI - Chemical stability of lignocaine (lidocaine) and adrenalin (epinephrine) in pH adjusted parenteral solutions. AB - Recent clinical studies have shown that alkalinizing lignocaine (lidocaine) solutions is an effective way of shortening the time of onset and increasing the duration of anaesthesia. However, alkalinizing lignocaine solutions raises the problem of the stability of these preparations. Moreover, the adrenalin usually associated with it is unstable in alkalinized solutions designed for peridural injection. This study was performed to define the range of pH over which lignocaine and adrenalin in commercial solution is stable. The results indicate that it is possible to alkalinize lignocaine solutions and that the solutions prepared are stable for at least 6 h. PMID- 3235477 TI - TDM of theophylline--compliance evaluation. AB - Non-compliance to dosage regimes is an important clinical problem with severe repercussions for the management of chronic illnesses requiring continued treatment. In the present study, we evaluated the degree of non-compliance in a group of 100 patients with chronic asthma undergoing continued treatment with theophylline, and the effect of the application of a monitoring programme on their degree of compliance. The evaluation was carried out by anamnesis and from the level/dose ratio. In the control group studied (n = 50) the degree of non compliance was 44% and in the previously monitored group (n = 50) it was 18%. Serum theophylline levels in the former were: 7.6 +/- 5.8 micrograms/ml, significantly lower (P less than 0.005) than that observed in the latter: 10.1 +/ 4.0 micrograms/ml. The use of monitoring programmes can improve the degree of compliance. PMID- 3235476 TI - The effects of flosequinan and nifedipine on glucose tolerance in healthy volunteers. AB - The influence of flosequinan and nifedipine on glucose tolerance has been investigated in a placebo-controlled four-way crossover study in 12 healthy volunteers. There was no statistical difference between the glucose tolerance curves after placebo, a single dose of flosequinan, chronic treatment with flosequinan or nifedipine at steady state. Headache was more frequent in volunteers on flosequinan than after either nifedipine or placebo. PMID- 3235478 TI - Manometric study of the activity of alizapride on the motor function of the human sphincter of Oddi. AB - Alizapride is a potent antiemetic, acting as a dopamine receptor antagonist on the chemoreceptor trigger zone with few gastrokinetic properties. Little is known of its activity on the human sphincter of Oddi (SO). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of alizapride on SO motor function and to evaluate a possible use of alizapride in premedication for endoscopy of the upper digestive tract. We selected ten patients who underwent retrograde cholangiopancreaticography, but had no evidence of biliary or pancreatic disease. Endoscopic manometry was applied before and for 10 min after administration of alizapride 100 mg i.v. No significant modification of basal pressure or phasic activity was observed. Alizapride can be proposed as an antiemetic in patients with biliary disorders. PMID- 3235479 TI - The use of diuretic medicines by elderly people in residential homes. AB - Data relating to the use of diuretics from a descriptive epidemiological study of drug use in residential homes for elderly people were analysed. Of the 1,888 residents included in the study, 797 (42%) received diuretics. Significantly more females than males received diuretics (ratio of 3.1:1) and recipients were significantly older than non-recipients. They received a total of 894 diuretics of which 413 (46.2%) were loop diuretics, 168 (18.6%) were thiazide diuretics and 278 (31.2%) were potassium-sparing diuretics. The single most frequently used diuretic was frusemide. Diuretics were involved in 209 potential drug-drug interactions which represented 41% of the total number of potential drug-drug interactions. Of these interactions 19 were considered to be potentially highly clinically significant. PMID- 3235480 TI - Comparison of single-point phenytoin dosage prediction techniques. AB - To dose the anticonvulsant phenytoin (PHT) in a clinical situation is difficult because of the non-linear metabolism of the drug. Therefore many techniques have been advocated to aid dosage adjustments based on a single-point PHT concentration determined at steady-state (ss). We retrospectively investigated six methods in a population of 130 out-patients treated with PHT. The dose needed to achieve a desired PHT concentration at ss was calculated based on an observed ss dose-concentration pair using a Bayesian feedback method (B), the Richens and Dunlop nomogram (RD), the Rambeck nomogram (R), the Martin nomogram (M), a population clearance equation (PC), and the Wagner equation (W). The mean prediction error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) were separately calculated for each method, and served as a measure of prediction bias and precision. The MEs for B, RD, R, M, PC, and W, respectively, were -0.4, 1.2, 6.9, 3.4, -1.8, and 0.0 mg/day. The MAEs were 33.9, 38.5, 44.3, 50.4, 43.5, and 53.7 mg/day. The RMSEs were 43.7, 53.1, 65.2, 63.5, 56.0, and 68.2 mg/day. The MAE and RMSE showed lowest values for method B, followed by method RD. Therefore, we assume that method B is the most accurate in making routine PHT dosage adjustments. PMID- 3235481 TI - Comparison of methods of carbamazepine dosage, individualization in epileptic patients. AB - The aim of the present work was to analyse the predictive capacity of different optimization methods for carbamazepine dosage regimens according to population pharmacokinetic parameters and/or serum levels data. Calculations were performed using a multiple non-linear regression program (MULTI 2 BAYES) with two different options: (a) using the ordinary least squares methods and (b) the least squares method based on the Bayesian algorithm. The predictive capacity of the three methods was analysed comparing the serum levels values in patients predicted by each method and those observed later. The performance obtained was poor and even unacceptable when dosage prediction was based on the mean parameters of the population studied (Method A) and when only one data point relating to the serum carbamazepine levels was available (Method B). When two serum levels data were used the standard deviation of the mean prediction error was only clinically acceptable when Bayesian non-linear regression was applied (Method C). When the number of serum levels data points was 3 or 4 the errors were acceptable from a clinical point of view and no significant differences could be found between the use of the simple and Bayesian version at the same level of information. PMID- 3235482 TI - Prescribing and monitoring heparin. AB - Aspects of heparin prescribing to include indications, dosing, administration and monitoring were investigated in 27 patients. Prescribing practices for heparin were investigated by interview of 28 physicians. Many inconsistencies in heparin prescribing were identified and monitoring was found to be haphazard. PMID- 3235484 TI - Paediatric drug therapy. I--Medication use in hospitalized patients. AB - Medication use was studied prospectively in 97 hospitalized paediatric patients at a children's hospital. An average of 4.8 scheduled drugs were used per patient. Antibiotics and anticonvulsants were the two most commonly used drug classes. Penicillins, anticonvulsants, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and theophylline were most frequently prescribed in our patients. A wide range of doses was used for drugs with narrow therapeutic indices. Most potential drug drug interactions involved an anticonvulsant with another drug. These data may assist in targeting drug utilization review studies and educational programs justifiably to retain existing positions or create new opportunities within the departments of pharmacy to optimize patient care. PMID- 3235483 TI - Chlorpromazine plasma level monitoring of schizophrenic patients. AB - In general, plasma level monitoring and pharmacokinetics are widely studied and have been successfully applied in the field of epileptic therapy. Before similar monitoring can be used with psychiatric drugs the possible problems of obtaining samples from the type of patient who receives this therapy should be considered. Patients who receive chlorpromazine sometimes show plasma levels lower than the recommended range, even though their symptoms are considered controlled. Correct interpretation of plasma level results depends on an understanding of the factors responsible for these low plasma levels. PMID- 3235485 TI - Paediatric drug therapy. II--Drug administration errors. AB - The incidence of drug administration errors was prospectively evaluated from 1098 drug administrations in 97 paediatric patients. The total incidence of errors was 12.9% in a previous study. An educational programme (lectures and a book on guidelines for drug administration) was offered to nurses in an attempt to decrease this error rate. In this follow-up study, the total incidence of errors declined from 12.9% to 5.1% (P less than 0.05). All types of drug administration errors decreased during this follow-up study. These results suggest that such efforts can maximize therapeutic benefit and minimize any potential adverse consequences of drug therapy in paediatric patients. PMID- 3235486 TI - Comparative study between liquid and solid media for the detection of bacterial contamination in intravenous solutions. AB - For the sterility testing of intravenous solutions, the Pharmacopeia recommend the use of liquid media. However, contamination by a single micro-organism during the test may lead to the inappropriate blocking of the release of the batch. An alternative method using solid media for culturing the membranes used in the filtration was therefore sought. With an artificial contamination with 10-100 colony-forming-units (cfu) of nine different micro-organisms, including those advocated by the Pharmacopeia, the feasibility of two different methods was assessed using two different intravenous solutions manufactured in our hospital. The results show that recoveries of minute amounts of bacteria using solid media and liquid media were similar. In all experiments there was a concordance in both positive and negative results. However, the batches of solutions have to be tested as quickly as possible after their preparation, whatever the method used, to avoid false-negative tests. PMID- 3235487 TI - Stability of diltiazem hydrochloride in aqueous sugar solutions. AB - The accelerated stability of diltiazem in aqueous sugar solutions, with or without sodium dihydrogen phosphate, was investigated using a high-pressure liquid chromatographic method. The degradation of diltiazem in all sugar solutions followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The shelf-life of diltiazem in the pure sugar solutions (0.28 M) was arranged in the following order: fructose greater than dextrose greater than sucrose = sorbitol = mannitol greater than lactose. Incorporation of 0.1 or 0.2 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate in the sugar solutions resulted in a decrease in the shelf-life of diltiazem. The reduction was most pronounced with fructose. The use of the above sugars (with the exception of lactose) would make it possible to prepare liquid dosage forms of diltiazem extemporaneously which will retain their potencies for a minimum of 50 days. PMID- 3235488 TI - Competence and stress in school children: the moderating effects of individual and family qualities. AB - This study examined the associations of stress exposure to various aspects of school-based competence in a normative sample of 205 children aged 8-13. Potential moderators of these relations, including child attributes of sex and IQ and environmental attributes of socioeconomic status (SES) and family qualities, were also studied. Stress exposure was indexed by a life event questionnaire. Competence was assessed by teacher ratings, peer assessments and school record data. Family attributes were derived from a set of rating scales completed by interviewers after 6 hours of interviews with a parent. Results suggest that the relations of stress exposure to competence vary as a function of individual differences as well as the competence criterion. Disadvantaged children, with lower IQ and SES, and less positive family qualities, were generally less competent and more likely to be disruptive at high stress levels. Advantaged children were more competent, and with stress positively engaged in school, but were not likely to be disruptive. Boys were less socially competent than girls and, when stress was high, appeared to be less protected by positive family qualities. Causal hypotheses for future research in this area are discussed. PMID- 3235489 TI - A longitudinal study of dentine lead levels, intelligence, school performance and behaviour. Part I. Dentine lead levels and exposure to environmental risk factors. AB - Dentine lead levels were obtained for a sample of 996 children who were participants in a longitudinal study of child development. Mean dentine lead levels were just over 6 micrograms g-1 and had a log normal distribution. The relationship between dentine lead values and a number of variables (social background, residence in old weatherboard housing, residence on busy roads, pica) describing exposure to sources of lead was analysed. This showed that all factors made small but statistically significant contributions to variations in dentine lead values and that collectively these factors explained 10% of the variance in lead values. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 3235490 TI - A longitudinal study of dentine lead levels, intelligence, school performance and behaviour. Part II. Dentine lead and cognitive ability. AB - The relationship between dentine lead levels and measures of cognitive ability was examined for a birth cohort of New Zealand children studied until the age of 9. There were small, consistent and stable correlations between dentine lead measures and all measures of cognitive ability including intelligence, word recognition and teacher ratings of school performance. After adjustment for the effects of confounding covariates, sample selection factors and possible reverse causal effects, the correlations between intelligence and dentine lead levels became non-significant. However, small but statistically significant correlations persisted between dentine lead values and all measures of school performance after adjustment for sources of confounding. It is concluded that the weight of the evidence from this analysis favours the hypothesis that low level lead exposure may have deleterious effects on levels of achievement in children. PMID- 3235491 TI - A longitudinal study of dentine lead levels, intelligence, school performance and behaviour. Part III. Dentine lead levels and attention/activity. AB - The relationship between dentine lead levels and maternal/teacher ratings of inattentive/restless behaviour in children was examined for a birth cohort of New Zealand children. There were small but relatively consistent and stable correlations between dentine lead values and behaviour ratings. After correction for errors of measurement in dentine lead values and behaviour ratings it was estimated that the correlation between lead levels and inattentive/restless behaviour was in the region of +0.18. However, after control for various sources of confounding there was only a small, but statistically significant, correlation of +0.08 between lead levels and inattention/restless in children. It is concluded that the weight of the evidence favours the view that there is a very weak causal association between lead levels and attention and activity levels in children. PMID- 3235492 TI - Parental communication deviance in childhood onset schizophrenia spectrum and depressive disorders. AB - Rates of parental communication deviance (CD) were compared in children with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder and in contrast groups of children with major depression and dysthymic disorders. Results indicated significantly higher rates of CD in parents of schizophrenic and schizotypal children than in parents of children with major depression and dysthymic disorders. Schizophrenic and schizotypal children from high CD families showed the most severe impairments and the poorest attentional functioning. However, the small number of schizophrenic and schizotypal children with low CD parents underscored the strong association between schizophrenia spectrum disorders, parental CD and psychosocial and attentional impairment in the child. PMID- 3235493 TI - Validation of the Children's Depression Scale and the Children's Depression Inventory in a prepubertal sample. AB - The validity of the Children's Depression Scale (CDS), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and their respective parent report versions was assessed in a sample of outpatient and normal control prepubertal children. Scores from the child and parent versions of both scales significantly discriminated between children independently diagnosed as depressed and those with nondepressive disorders. Both measures also distinguished depressed and dysphoric children. Contrary to the findings of earlier studies, a significant rate of agreement was found between the reports provided by the children and their parents. The results suggest that the influence of the child's age and clinical status on reporter correspondence patterns should be considered more exhaustively in future research. PMID- 3235494 TI - Symptom development in childhood onset schizophrenia. AB - Symptom development from birth to 12 years of age was examined in 18 children who met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia with onset before 10 years of age. Using a follow-back design, symptom development was rated at each of four age levels using a DSM-III Symptom Rating Scale and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. Results revealed a gradual developmental unfolding of a broad spectrum of symptoms affecting social, cognitive, sensory and motor functioning and beginning many years before the appearance of schizophrenic symptoms--usually in early infancy. Prior to 6 years of age, severe language deficits and motor development problems were each found in 72% of the sample and symptoms of infantile autism were found in 39% of the sample. Onset of schizophrenia occurred at an earlier age for children with a history of autistic symptoms during infancy than for other children in the sample. Schizophrenia as defined by DSM-III was entirely absent before 6 years of age. PMID- 3235495 TI - A comparison of syndromes derived from the child behavior checklist for American and Dutch girls aged 6-11 and 12-16. AB - Child Behavior Checklists completed by parents of 1848 clinically referred American and Dutch girls aged 6-11 and 12-16 were subjected to principal components analyses with varimax rotations. For the 6-11 yr age group, seven of the nine empirically derived syndromes showed cross-national correlations ranging from 0.80 to 0.98. For 12-16-yr-old girls, all eight of the American syndromes were firmly replicated for Dutch girls with correlations ranging from 0.84 to 0.97. Furthermore, cross-national similarities in the distribution of scores for normative samples supported the use of the same syndrome scales by clinicians and researchers in the two countries. PMID- 3235496 TI - Research note: recurrent headaches and stomachaches in preschool children. AB - Data are presented on headaches and stomachaches in a sample of 189 3-year-old children obtained as part of community based study. These data provide a partial replication of an earlier study on a separate sample of children [Zuckerman, B., Stevenson, J. and Bailey, V. (1987). Stomachaches and headaches in a community sample of preschool children. Pediatrics, 79, 677-682]. The results supported the previous findings of a link between family factors and recurrent stomachache, and a less strong association with headaches. The conclusions reinforce the notion that these two somatic symptoms should be considered separately in preschool children. PMID- 3235497 TI - Studies of metabolites in diarrheal stool specimens positive for Klebsiella, Serratia, and Proteus spp. by frequency-pulsed electron-capture gas chromatography. AB - Diarrheal stools from infants from which Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia liquefaciens, and Proteus mirabilis were isolated as possible causative agents of diarrhea were studied. These stools, along with control stool specimens which were collected from infants in the same village of Tamooh (near Cairo, Egypt), were analyzed by frequency-pulsed electron-capture gas chromatography (FPEC-GC). Watery stools and formed stools, to which distilled water was added, were centrifuged, and the supernatant was extracted with organic solvents and derivatized with specific functional group reagents to form electron-absorbing derivatives of carboxylic acids, hydroxy acids, alcohols, and amines. Results from the study showed distinct differences in FPEC-GC profiles of stools positive for K. pneumoniae, S. liquefaciens, and P. mirabilis. The major differences found were that diarrheal stools from which K. pneumoniae was isolated contained acetoin, a hydroxy acid-labeled peak F, and an unidentified amine, peak A. S. liquefaciens diarrheal stools had FPEC-GC profiles like the controls with the exception that an amine, peak A, was detected. The diarrhel stools containing P. mirabilis produced a distinct amine profile. PMID- 3235498 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of alpha-keto acids in human serum and urine using 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene as a precolumn fluorescence derivatization reagent. AB - A simple and highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of alpha-keto acids in human serum and urine is described. In an acidic solution, twelve species of alpha-keto acids examined were converted by reaction with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxy-benzene into highly fluorescent derivatives. The derivatives were separated isocratically by reversed-phase HPLC on a TSK gel ODS-80TM column and detected fluorimetrically. Eight alpha-keto acids in human serum and eleven alpha-keto acids in human urine can be determined simultaneously. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio = 5) are 6-44 fmol in an injection volume of 5 microliters. The intra-assay relative standard deviations for both serum and urine sample analyses are usually ca. 5%. PMID- 3235499 TI - Improved method for the determination of the cortisol production rate using high performance liquid chromatography and liquid scintillation counting. AB - Two new methods for the determination of the cortisol production rate using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography are described. One uses ultraviolet detection at 205 nm, the other on-line post-column derivatization with benzamidine, followed by fluorimetric detection. The specific activity of tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone in urine from patients who had received tritium-labelled cortisol was determined by the indicated methods, followed by fraction collection and liquid scintillation counting. The post column reaction detection procedure was superior to ultraviolet detection, both in selectivity and analysis time. Intra- and inter-assay variance of the post column reaction detection procedure were 3.7 and 4.7%, respectively. A good correlation (r = 0.99) was obtained between values determined by this procedure and by a thin-layer chromatographic procedure. PMID- 3235501 TI - Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation and simultaneous fluorimetric detection of polyamines and their monoacetyl derivatives in human and animal urine, serum and tissue samples: an improved, rapid and sensitive method for routine application. AB - A highly sensitive and precise method for the determination of the polyamines putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine and all their monoacetyl derivatives in a single analysis in human and animal urine, serum and tissue samples is described. For polyamine separation, an ion-pairing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is used, followed by post column derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde and consecutive fluorescence detection. Urine and serum samples are purified with a Bond Elut silica cartridge. The detection limit for polyamines is 0.5-1.0 pmol and excellent linearity is achieved in the range from 3 pmol up to more than 10 nmol. The influence of some modifications of different analytical steps such as the temperature of the HPLC column and the derivatization reaction coil and the o phthalaldehyde flow-rate is described. Quality control data and measurements of the reproducibility of the method are presented. In order to establish a rapid analytical method for easy routine use, all steps for preparation and quantitative analysis are minimized. This method was applied to the determination of total polyamines in human urine and serum hydrolysate and of free and acetylated polyamines in human urine and pancreatic tissue of the rat. Values for normal polyamine concentrations in the urine and serum of fifteen male and fifteen female healthy volunteers and in the pancreas of ten normal rats are presented. PMID- 3235500 TI - Analysis of methylprednisolone, methylprednisone and corticosterone for assessment of methylprednisolone disposition in the rat. AB - A sensitive, specific and precise high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the simultaneous determination of methylprednisolone, methylprednisone and corticosterone using betamethasone as the internal standard is reported. Rat serum (0.5 ml) is extracted with methylene chloride, washed with sodium hydroxide, then water and the extract is injected onto a microparticulate silica gel column with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. Calculated limits of quantitation are less than 10 ng/ml and the intra-day coefficient of variation is less than 5% for each steroid. This assay has been applied to preliminary studies of methylprednisolone disposition in the rat. The plasma concentration-time profile for each steroid was determined following intravenous administration of methylprednisolone (10 mg/kg). Peak serum methylprednisone concentrations of ca. 250 ng/ml occurred within 5 min of methylprednisolone administration and the average area under the curve ratio (methylprednisolone/methylprednisone) was 9.3. These findings demonstrate that methylprednisone is a metabolite of methylprednisolone in the rat and suggest that the metabolic back-conversion of methylprednisone to methylprednisolone may be less than in other species. PMID- 3235502 TI - Preparation of dopamine 3-O-sulphate and dopamine 4-O-sulphate as reference substances and high-performance liquid chromatographic trace determination. AB - Simple syntheses of the biologically important but hitherto difficult to obtain dopamine sulpho conjugates dopamine 3-O-sulphate (I) and dopamine 4-O-sulphate (II), as analytical reference substances, starting from dopamine hydrochloride are described. A method for the determination of I and II with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and coulometric detection in human urine together with calibration and current-voltage curves are presented. Detection limits of approximately 100 pg of I or II and unequivocal substance identifications even in very complex substrates such as human urine are reported. PMID- 3235504 TI - Fast protein liquid chromatography of botulinum neurotoxin types A, B and E. AB - Three antigenically different botulinum neurotoxins (NTs, relative molecular mass approximately 150,000), classically distinguished only by specific antisera, were for the first time chromatographically resolved. Mixed NTs eluted from a Mono-Q column in order of types E, A and B, and from Mono-S as B, E and A. Type A and B NTs were successfully chromatographed on the cation-exchange Mono-S column above their isoelectric points. Purification of type A and B NTs by automated liquid chromatography was also accomplished for the first time. Type A, B and E NTs were purified by application on an anion-exchange Mono-Q column, followed by use of a cation-exchange Mono-S column. PMID- 3235503 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of leucine-enkephalin-like peptide in rat brain by pre-column fluorescence derivatization involving formylation followed by reaction with 1,2-diamino-4,5-dimethoxybenzene. AB - Fluorimetrically reactive leucine-enkephalin, one of the opioid peptides in rat brain tissues such as the striatum, cortex and hypothalamus, was assayed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection based on pre-column derivatization of the tyrosyl residue. The tyrosine containing peptides extracted from the tissue were first formylated with chloroform in an alkaline medium, and the resulting aldehydes were then converted into highly fluorescent derivatives by reaction with 1,2-diamino-4,5 dimethoxybenzene. The derivative of leucine-enkephalin-like peptide in tissue was separated from various other fluorescent compounds on a reversed-phase column (TSK gel ODS-120T) by isocratic elution and detected by fluorimetry. The concentrations of the leucine-enkephalin-like peptide in the tissues were 20-245 pmol/g. The method is sensitive enough to permit the quantitative determination of the endogenous peptide at concentrations as low as 5.6 pmol/g in brain tissues. PMID- 3235505 TI - Assay for enkephalin-degrading peptidases in rat brain tissues by high performance liquid chromatography with on-line post-column fluorescence detection. AB - The activities of enkephalin-degrading peptidases such as enkephalinases A and B in rat brain tissues were simultaneously assayed by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorimetric detection with an automatic reaction system. Tyrosine and tyrosine-containing peptides produced enzymatically from the substrate, methionine-enkephaline, were separated by gradient elution on a reversed-phase column (TSK gel ODS-120T), and then converted into fluorescent derivatives for detection by reaction with hydroxylamine, cobalt(II) and borate reagents. The method permits the simple and sensitive detection of N-terminal tyrosine-containing fragments of the enkephalin peptide. The limits of detection are 5-20 pmol per assay tube for the N-terminal tyrosine-containing fragments. The enzyme activities in the regionally separated tissues were 54-191 pmol/min.mg protein for enkephalinase A and 79-153 pmol/min.mg protein for enkephalinase B, which were calculated from the formation of Tyr-Gly-Gly and Tyr-Gly, respectively, during the enzyme reaction. PMID- 3235506 TI - Assay for D-penicillamine-protein conjugate in human plasma utilising chemical reduction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with gold/mercury electrochemical detection. AB - D-Penicillamine (D-pen), a thiol with antirheumatic activity, forms a mixed disulphide with albumin in vivo. This conjugate is important in the pharmacokinetics and possibly the mode of action of D-pen. An assay was devised for D-pen-albumin disulphide, based on separation from plasma by acid precipitation followed by quantitative reduction with sodium borohydride in an anoxic environment. The liberated D-pen was then assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography with gold/mercury electrochemical detection. The assay was sensitive to 1.2-microM D-pen-albumin disulphide (signal-to-noise ratio greater than 2), absolute recovery was 92.7% and intra-assay coefficient of variation was 4.6% in human plasma. This technique also may be useful for quantitating protein conjugates of other thiols. PMID- 3235507 TI - Purification of ascitic fluid-derived murine monoclonal antibodies by anion exchange and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Ascitic fluid-derived murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG isotypes (IgG1 and IgG2a subisotypes) were previously prepared against an isolate of Actinobacillus sp (CAs8C) for the purpose of identifying and characterizing outer membrane antigens on this bacterium. An attempt was made to purify these MoAbs by anion-exchange and size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hybridomas producing the IgG1 and IgG2a MoAbs posed unique difficulties in that they also secreted irrelevant IgG2b MoAbs that were present in the ascitic fluids. Anion-exchange chromatography (Protein-Pak DEAE-5PW column), with a simultaneous change in gradients of pH and ionic strength, was used to purify IgG and as a first step in the purification of IgM. There was good separation of IgG2b from IgG2a, but not from IgG1. Size-exclusion chromatography (Protein-Pak 300 SW column) was required to complete the purification of IgM. The presence of MoAbs in the HPLC fractions was confirmed by discontinuous gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (denatured and either reduced or non-reduced conditions) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HPLC-purified MoAbs were free from transferrin and albumin and retained their specificity for As8C. PMID- 3235508 TI - Determination of pemoline in plasma, urine and tissues by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A simple and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection at 215 nm for the determination for pemoline in rat plasma, urine and tissues is described. Pemoline in the samples was extracted with methylene chloride at pH 10 and the organic phase was evaporated after adding 5 methyl-5-phenylhydantoin used as an internal standard. Pemoline and the internal standard were separated on a Kaseisorb LC C8-60-5 reversed-phase column. The limits of determination of pemoline in 0.1-0.2 ml of plasma, urine and tissue homogenates were 2, 100 and 20 ng, respectively. The method should be useful for studies of the pharmacokinetics and distribution of pemoline in small animals. PMID- 3235510 TI - Fluorimetric micro-determination of kynurenic acid, an endogenous blocker of neurotoxicity, by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3235509 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of forphenicine in mouse serum and muscle by pre-column fluorescence derivatization using 1,2-diamino-4,5 ethylenedioxybenzene as fluorogenic reagent. AB - A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of forphenicine in biological samples. Forphenicine in the deproteinized sample is converted by reaction with 1,2 diamino-4,5-ethylenedioxybenzene into a fluorescent derivative. The derivative is separated on a reversed-phase column (TSK gel ODS-120T) by isocratic elution with acetonitrile-30 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) (5:1, v/v) and monitored fluorimetrically. The method allows the quantification of forphenicine in serum (100 microliters) and muscle (0.1 g) of mice dosed with forphenicine or forphenicinol. The limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) are 7.35 pmol/ml in serum and 5.36 pmol/g in muscle. The distribution of forphenicine and forphenicinol in the mouse serum and muscle after oral administration of these compounds is also described. PMID- 3235511 TI - Determination of the anti-anginal drug 6-chloro-2-pyridylmethyl nitrate in plasma and urine by fused-silica open-tubular column gas chromatography with electron capture detection. PMID- 3235512 TI - An improved method for the simultaneous determination of morphine and its principal glucuronide metabolites. PMID- 3235513 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of fusidic acid in serum. PMID- 3235514 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of p hydroxylated and hydroxymethylated metabolites of mexiletine in human serum. PMID- 3235515 TI - Ion-paired liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of blood and plasma for the antimalarial drug halofantrine and its putative mono-debutylated metabolite. PMID- 3235517 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for piroxicam in human plasma. PMID- 3235516 TI - Simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for zidovudine (azidothymidine) in plasma and urine. PMID- 3235518 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the benzotriazine di-N-oxide (SR 4233) and its reduced metabolites in biological materials. PMID- 3235519 TI - Determination of the two major metabolites of ebselen in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3235520 TI - Determination of environmental levels of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide using gas chromatography with negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry utilizing bacterial amino acids and hydroxy fatty acids as biomarkers. AB - D-Alanine and diaminopimelic acid originating from bacterial peptidoglycans and hydroxy fatty acids from lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) were analysed by gas chromatography using a chiral column (Chirasil-Val as stationary phase) and selected-ion monitoring detection with negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. The amino acids were analysed as N-heptafluorobutyryl isobutyl esters after rapid hydrolysis of peptidoglycan followed by isolation of the amino acids with disposable ion-exchange columns. Racemization of amino acid enantiomers was controlled by using deuterium chloride in the hydrolysis. The hydroxy acids were analysed as O-pentafluorobenzoyl methyl esters. Most of the bacteria present in airborne dust from a poultry confinement building were found to be Gram-positive according to the analytical chemical method whereas the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test suggested the presence of appreciable amounts of lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria. Further studies are required to compare the utility of these two methods for determining endotoxins in complex environments. PMID- 3235521 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of indolidan and its dehydro metabolite in plasma. Use of the Varian AASP for solid-phase extraction. AB - A method is described for the determination of indolidan and its dehydro metabolite in human plasma. Two procedures are given, one manual and one which is semi-automated by use of the Varian AASP (Automated Analytical Sample Processor). The method involves solid-phase extraction to isolate the drug, metabolite, and an internal standard from plasma. The manual procedure requires elution of the analytes from the extraction column with methanol, evaporation of the methanol to dryness, and reconstitution in mobile phase prior to injection into a reversed phase liquid chromatographic system. Using the AASP (semi-automated procedure), the analytes are eluted from the extraction column directly into the chromatographic system, resulting in substantial savings in sample preparation time. The limit of detection for both drug and metabolite is 0.25 ng/ml in plasma. Detection was made by ultraviolet absorbance, using wavelength programming to optimize the sensitivity of the assay for each compound. PMID- 3235522 TI - Reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic method for the determination of low concentrations of haloperidol in plasma. AB - A sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the determination of haloperidol in plasma is described. The efficient and simple extraction procedure, followed by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography on a 3-micron octadecylsilica column and UV absorbance detection, makes it possible to determine concentrations down to 0.5 nmol/l with acceptable precision. In a pharmacokinetic study, in which 5 mg of haloperidol were given orally, the plasma levels were followed for 48 h. PMID- 3235523 TI - Simultaneous quantification of zidovudine and its glucuronide in serum by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay has been developed to simultaneously determine levels of the anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, zidovudine (AZT), and its major metabolite (the 5'-O-glucuronide) in serum. Samples were first mixed with an internal standard (a stereoisomer of AZT), then prepared for analysis using solid-phase extraction columns and chromatographed using a reversed-phase analytical column. Isocratic elution with a mobile phase of 15% acetonitrile, buffered to pH 2.70 with ammonium phosphate, gave good resolution of the three analytes and endogenous serum components. The HPLC analysis time required per sample was 34 min and analyte recoveries were reproducibly high (greater than 93%). Replicate analyses of prepared standards gave satisfactory precision and accuracy, with coefficients of variation less than 15% and deviations from expected concentrations less than 10%. PMID- 3235524 TI - Simultaneous determination of ofloxacin, fenbufen and felbinac in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Ofloxacin, fenbufen and its active metabolite, felbinac, were simultaneously extracted from 50 microliters of rat plasma and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase column. Quantitative and reproducible determinations were possible for ofloxacin, fenbufen and felbinac over the concentration ranges 0.15-40, 0.3-80 and 0.45-45 micrograms/ml, respectively. The detection limits for all the drugs were lower than those reported previously. The recovery of ofloxacin, fenbufen and felbinac added to plasma was nearly 100% with a coefficient of variation of less than 3.0%. This method was found to be applicable to pharmacokinetic studies of each drug after the concomitant administration of ofloxacin and fenbufen. PMID- 3235525 TI - Determination of simple phenols in faeces and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3235526 TI - Determination of vanillylmandelic acid in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 3235527 TI - Simultaneous determination of endogenous catechols and exogenous 2- and 6 fluorinated catechols in tissue and plasma using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 3235528 TI - Simultaneous microanalysis of bile acids and cholesterol in bile by glass capillary column gas chromatography. AB - Simultaneous quantitative microanalysis of bile acids and cholesterol was carried out by enzymatic hydrolysis, the formation of the ethyl ester dimethylethylsilyl ether derivatives and subsequent analysis by glass capillary gas chromatography. A complete separation and satisfactory recovery of cholesterol and the five major bile acids commonly occurring in human and hamster bile were obtained. The method is applicable to individual small animal models such as hamster from which only a small amount of bile is available. PMID- 3235529 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and quantitation of reticulocyte alpha- and beta-globin polypeptide chains from normal and beta-thalassemic mice. PMID- 3235530 TI - Determination of n-butyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate in aqueous brain extracts. PMID- 3235531 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric study of the urinary metabolism of trimipramine. PMID- 3235532 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of sparteine and 2- and 5-dehydrosparteine in plasma and urine. PMID- 3235533 TI - Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine and two of its metabolites in urine. PMID- 3235535 TI - Formation of diastereomeric derivatives of 2-arylpropionic acids using L leucinamide: lack of generality. PMID- 3235534 TI - Preparative resolution of the enantiomers of the beta-blocking drug atenolol by chiral derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3235537 TI - Simultaneous analysis of methionine- and leucine-enkephalin from rat brain: quantification by liquid chromatography-electrochemistry. AB - This study focuses on the application of liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC-ED) for the analysis of methionine-enkephalin (ME) and leucine-enkephalin (LE) extracted from rat brain regions. The high applied potentials necessary for enkephalin detection required the development of an efficient sample processing protocol. Brain extracts were processed using chromatographic mode sequencing (CMS). The decrease in electroactive interfering substances by CMS improved the chromatographic resolution of ME and LE and the electrode performance. Other qualitative and analytical methods were used to evaluate the enkephalin data obtained by LC-ED for rat brain regions. This study demonstrates that LC-ED provides both the sensitivity and specificity necessary for the analysis of enkephalins from rat brain regions. PMID- 3235536 TI - Purification of human erythrocytes specific lectins from rice bean, Phaseolus calcaratus syn. Vigna umbellata, by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Two lectins, an N-acetylgalactosamine-binding lectin, lectin-I, which reacts specifically with human erythrocytes of blood group A, and a galactose-binding lectin, lectin-II, which is specific for human blood group B erythrocytes, have been isolated and purified from rice bean, Phaseolus calcaratus syn. Vigna umbellata, by a salt solubility pH-dependent method, chromatofocusing and high performance liquid chromatography. The homogeneity of the lectins was determined by liquid chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified lectin-I of molecular mass 80,000 is possibly composed of two subunits of molecular mass ca. 18,000 and 22,000, respectively, whereas lectin-II of molecular mass 100,000 appears to be composed of a monomeric protein of molecular mass 25,000. One endogenous lectin-binding protein was also isolated and purified by liquid chromatography. The endogenous lectin-binding protein of molecular mass 40,000 affects the activity of the A-group specific lectin more than that of the B-group specific lectin. The endogenous lectin-binding protein appears to be composed of a monomeric protein of molecular mass 20,000. PMID- 3235538 TI - Optimisation of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of flavone acetic acid and its major human metabolites in plasma and urine. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of flavone acetic acid (FAA) and its major human metabolites in plasma and urine is described. Two factors were identified as being the key to resolving the metabolites; pH and buffer ionic strength. Run at optimal conditions of 10 mM ammonium acetate, pH 5.5-propan-2-ol (80:20) and a column temperature of 40 degrees C on a muBondapak C18 10 microns particle column (30 cm X 3.8 mm I.D.), two major metabolites were identified [FAA, retention time (tR) 6.02 min +/- 0.5% coefficient of variation (C.V.); metabolite 1, tR 4.13 min +/- 1.1% C.V.; metabolite 2, tR 5.10 min +/- 0.5% C.V. and hesperidin, internal standard, tR 4.69 min +/- 1.6% C.V.]. A solid-phase technique using Bond Elut C2 40-microns particles is described which extracts FAA, metabolites and internal standard with efficiencies in excess of 90%. Considerable attention has to be paid to sample preparation: FAA has poor aqueous solubility at acidic pH and the metabolites degrade back to FAA via intermediates at alkaline pH. Both problems can be avoided by buffering and diluting samples with 10 mM ammonium acetate, pH 5.5. PMID- 3235539 TI - Enantioselective gas chromatographic assay with electron-capture detection for dl fenfluramine and dl-norfenfluramine in plasma. AB - An enantioselective gas chromatographic assay utilising electron-capture detection has been developed for the simultaneous quantitation of enantiomers of fenfluramine and nonfenfluramine in plasma. The assay involves the conversion of the enantiomers of both fenfluramine and norfenfluramine into their corresponding diastereomeric amide derivatives by an acylation reaction with n heptafluorobutyryl-S-prolyl chloride under Schotten-Baumann conditions prior to gas chromatographic separation on an achiral polar OV-225 capillary column. Linear and reproducible standard curves were obtained over the concentration ranges 4.30-86.3 ng/ml per enantiomer and 1.25-42.25 ng/ml per enantiomer for the enantiomers of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine, respectively. The method was applied to a single-dose pharmacokinetic study in a healthy adult subject. Stereoselective differences were observed in the plasma concentration versus time profiles of the enantiomers of both fenfluramine and norfenfluramine. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve values obtained for the l isomers of fenfluramine or norfenfluramine were higher than the values of their corresponding d-antipodes. PMID- 3235540 TI - Determination of digoxin in serum by on-line immunoadsorptive clean-up high performance liquid chromatographic separation and fluorescence-reaction detection. AB - The use of valve-switching with an anti-digoxin immunoadsorptive clean-up cartridge prior to reversed-phase elution of serum is described. Eluted digoxin is detected by reaction of the unsplit eluent stream with hydrochloric acid in a PTFE coil, followed by fluorescence detection. Routes for optimization and evaluation of the immunoadsorptive clean-up are reported, and the effects on the recovery rate examined. The detection limit of 300 pg/ml and reproducibility of less than 7% for the application of the analytical procedure to serum are reasonably good. PMID- 3235541 TI - Screening procedure for stimulant laxatives in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. AB - We describe a liquid chromatographic screening procedure for the detection of stimulant laxatives in urine. A 2-ml urine sample was incubated with 500 U of beta-glucuronidase for 2 h at 60 degrees C. The sample was acidified with sodium acetate (pH 5.0) and extracted with 5 ml of an isopropanol-chloroform (1:9) mixture. The organic layer was cleaned up further by washing with 5 ml disodium hydrogen-phosphate (pH 7.5) before being transferred to a conical tube and evaporated to dryness. The residue was reconstituted in 100 microliters mobile phase and 3 microliters were injected onto a Hewlett-Packard Hypersil ODS (5 microns) column. The ultraviolet absorbance of the eluent was monitored at 225 nm. Rhein, bisacodyl diphenol, bisoxatin diphenol, phenolphthalein, bisacodyl, bisoxatin and danthron all eluted within 6 min. The screen was evaluated using urine specimens obtained from 19 patients who claimed they had taken one or more of the laxatives under consideration within the past 48 h. Only two patients who claimed to have taken Coloxyl and Danthron showed negative results. Eighteen of twenty laxatives (90%) taken by the patients were detected and their identity verified by plotting post-run ultraviolet spectra. We therefore conclude that the screen is sufficiently reliable to be of help in the early detection of surreptitious abusers of stimulant laxatives. PMID- 3235542 TI - Determination of gossypol enantiomers in plasma after administration of racemate using high-performance liquid chromatography with precolumn chemical derivatisation. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with precolumn chemical derivatisation was developed for the determination of gossypol enantiomers in plasma, after administration of the racemate. Racemic gossypol acetic acid in plasma was extracted into acetonitrile and analysed using a reversed-phase column and a coulometric detector in the redox mode. To separate the enantiomers, 30 microliters of the chiral derivatising reagent, (R)-(-)-2-amino-1-propanol (50 mg/ml) and 15 microliters of 20% (v/v) acetic acid were added to the acetonitrile layer which was then heated at 60 degrees C for 100 min. The mobile phase used to resolve the derivatised enantiomers was 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.5) acetonitrile (38:62, v/v). At a flow-rate of 1.5 ml/min, the retention times for derivatised (+)-gossypol and (-)-gossypol were 4.0 and 7.8 min, respectively. Two cancer patients received 10 mg racemic gossypol acetic acid three times a day. In one patient, the racemic, (+)- and (-)-gossypol acetic acid plasma concentrations after 65 days of therapy were 317, 213 and 104 ng/ml, respectively. In the other patient, these values were 362, 210 and 152 ng/ml, respectively, after a week of therapy. This represents, to our knowledge, the first determination of the individual enantiomer levels of gossypol after administration of the racemate. PMID- 3235543 TI - Liquid chromatographic and flow injection analysis of tetracycline using sensitized europium (III) luminescence detection. AB - Europium (III) can be used as a luminescent chromophore for detection in the liquid chromatographic and flow injection analysis of tetracycline. Detection is dependent upon an intramolecular energy transfer from the tetracycline to Eu (III). In liquid chromatography, the Eu (III) is added post-column as a complex with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The post-column phase also serves to adjust the pH for optimum sensitivity. The method is highly selective for tetracycline since few compounds are capable of transferring energy to Eu (III). Fluorescent impurities that would otherwise interfere in flow injection analysis can be eliminated through the use of a delay time between the source pulse and the start of data acquisition. The detection limits for tetracycline using sensitized Eu (III) luminescence are better than those obtained using ultraviolet detection. The method is applied to the analysis of tetracycline in urine, blood serum, and gingival crevice fluid. PMID- 3235544 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of fusidic acid in plasma. AB - Fusidic acid was determined in plasma by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Fusidic acid was extracted from plasma with acetonitrile that was salted out with ammonium sulfate. Prior to salting out cadmium sulfate was mixed with the acetonitrile-plasma mixture to help remove interfering constituents. A 150 mm X 4.6 mm column packed with 5-microns cyanopropyl stationary phase was used for chromatography. The mobile phase was acetonitrile 20 mM sodium dihydrogenphosphate (pH 3.50) (39:61, v/v). An ultraviolet-visible detector was set at 204 nm. The presence of water in the injection solvent had a significant effect on the fusidic acid peak height. A number of clinically important acquired immunodeficiency syndrome drugs did not interfere with the fusidic acid determination. The relative standard deviation varied between 0.99 and 7.8%. A limit of detection of 200 ng/ml was obtained for a 80-microliters injection. PMID- 3235545 TI - Determination of ambenonium in biological samples by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive and selective analytical method for the determination of ambenonium ion in biological samples is described. The procedure involves ion-pair extraction of the drug, followed by reversed-phase ion-pair chromatographic analysis with ultraviolet detection at 217 nm. The detection limits at a signal to-noise ratio of 5 were 100 pmol/ml using 0.2 ml of plasma and bile, 250 pmol/ml using 0.2 ml of urine and 200 pmol/g using 1 ml of tissue homogenates containing 0.1 g/ml of each tissue. This assay procedure was used to study the pharmacokinetics of ambenonium ion after intravenous administration in rats. PMID- 3235546 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in microliter volumes of chinchilla middle ear effusion and serum. AB - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed to analyze 25-microliters volumes of chinchilla middle ear effusion and 50 microliters volumes of serum for trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. The small sample volumes were dictated by the chinchilla model of otitis media and our need to collect multiple samples over a 12-h drug dosing interval. The drugs were separated on a cyanopropylsilane column using acetonitrile-40 mM sodium phosphate, (16:84, v/v), pH 4.8. Trimethoprim and the internal standard were detected at 230 nm while sulfamethoxazole was detected at 250 nm. Middle ear effusion and serum samples were extracted with ethyl acetate-dichloromethane (25:75, v/v). The limit of quantitation was 0.5 micrograms/ml for sulfamethoxazole and 0.1 micrograms/ml for trimethoprim (coefficient of variation less than 20%), the limit of detection 0.25 and 0.05 micrograms/ml, respectively. Middle ear and serum samples of chinchilla with experimentally induced otitis media receiving 10 mg/kg trimethoprim and 50 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole intramuscularly were collected over a 12-h period and analyzed. All statistics that validate the analytic method are reported. PMID- 3235547 TI - Analysis of blood and urine samples for hydroxychloroquine and three major metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method using fluorescence detection is described for the quantification of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and three of its metabolites in blood and urine samples. The method is selective, permitting quantification of analytes without interferences from chloroquine or quinine in the sample. Detection limits for HCQ, desethylhydroxychloroquine, desethylchloroquine, and bisdesethylchloroquine are 10, 30, 5, and 5 ppb, respectively, for a 100-microliters blood or urine sample. The internally standardized method requires only one extraction step and utilizes normal-phase HPLC conditions including an amine modifier in the mobile phase. These conditions facilitate fluorescence detection, selective separation, and acceptable peak shapes. A mobile phase of 0.5% n-butylamine in methanol-hexane-methyl tert. butyl ether (1:1:1) is used in the analysis. Analysis of blood and urine samples from two healthy volunteers given 400 mg of Plaquenil (310 mg of HCQ base) weekly for four weeks provided data on HCQ metabolism for the two persons during the recommended chemoprophylactic regimen for malaria. PMID- 3235548 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of desferrioxamine. Pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed that permits determination and quantitation of desferrioxamine and metabolites as their iron (III) complexes in small samples of mammalian plasma at levels encountered with ion-specific chelation treatments. The technique permits measurement of desferrioxamine and metabolite concentrations which can be used in pharmacokinetic studies. A human study is presented as an example. PMID- 3235549 TI - Application of two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography in metabolism studies of ivermectin. AB - Two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of alternate reversed-phase and normal-phase columns was used in the purification, quantification and identification of submicrogram quantities of drug residue and metabolites in tissues from animals dosed with ivermectin. In reverse isotope dilution assay of the parent drug, two-dimensional HPLC assured constant specific activity of the drug isolates. For identification of metabolites from liver tissue, HPLC in two dimensions not only facilitated the purification, but also provided information (capacity factor k') in both systems for the elimination of possible metabolite structures in the course of compound identification. These approaches exemplified by the ivermectin studies should be generally applicable in analyses of complex biological samples in which quantity is frequently a limiting factor. PMID- 3235550 TI - Determination of tranexamic acid in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography using selective pre-column derivatization with phenyl isothiocyanate. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of tranexamic acid in human serum using a selective derivatization has been developed. Tranexamic acid in the sample was allowed to react with phenyl isothiocyanate to form the phenylthiocarbamoyl derivative. Interfering alpha-amino acids in the sample were eliminated by selective derivatization to phenylthiohydantoin derivatives by acid treatment of the phenylthiocarbamoyl derivatives followed by solvent extraction. Then, the sample was analysed by conventional high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The limit of detection of this method for serum sample was 0.2 micrograms/ml at a signal-to noise ratio of 2. This method gave results comparable with those obtained by amino acid analysis (regression line: y = 0.4531x-0.02596, r = 0.9998, n = 21). PMID- 3235551 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of a new nootropic, N-(2,6 dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide, in human serum and urine. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of a novel nootropic agent, N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide (DM 9384, I), in human serum and urine has been developed. Compound I and the internal standard were extracted with chloroform from alkalinized serum and urine, and the organic layer was evaporated to dryness. The residue was chromatographed on a Nucleosil 7C18 reversed-phase column using 1/15 M potassium dihydrogen-phosphate-acetonitrile (7:3, v/v) as a mobile phase. Quantitation was achieved by monitoring the ultraviolet absorbance at 210 nm. The response was linear (0-2114.0 ng/ml) and the detection limits were 30 ng/ml for serum samples and 50 ng/ml for urine samples. The utility of the assay was demonstrated by determining compound I in serum and urine samples from three healthy male subjects receiving an oral dose of 30 mg of the drug. This method is satisfactorily sensitive and accurate, and is applicable for pharmacokinetic studies of I in humans. PMID- 3235552 TI - Highly sensitive gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric method for the determination of platelet-activating factor in human blood. PMID- 3235554 TI - Fractionation of baboon chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3235553 TI - Improved procedure for preparation of pentafluorobenzyl derivatives of carboxylic acids for analysis by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. PMID- 3235555 TI - Shielded hydrophobic phase: a new concept for direct injection analysis of biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3235556 TI - Determination of stobadine, a novel cardioprotective drug, using capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen--phosphorus detection after its selective solid phase extraction from serum. PMID- 3235557 TI - Automated capillary gas chromatographic assay using flame ionization detection for the determination of topiramate in plasma. PMID- 3235558 TI - Determination of a new hypolipidemic agent, 2-(trans-4-isobutylcyclohexyl)-2 oxoethyl benzenesulphonate, and its metabolite by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass fragmentography in human biological materials. PMID- 3235559 TI - Analysis of erythromycin and roxithromycin in plasma or serum by high-performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection. PMID- 3235560 TI - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of antipyrine, hydroxymethylantipyrine, 4-hydroxyantipyrine and norantipyrine in urine. PMID- 3235561 TI - Simultaneous determination of very low concentrations of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in human serum by a liquid chromatographic method. PMID- 3235562 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay to quantitate diastereomeric derivatives of metoprolol enantiomers in plasma. PMID- 3235563 TI - Rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam, the major metabolite, in human serum. PMID- 3235564 TI - Measurement of carprofen enantiomer concentrations in plasma and urine using L leucinamide as the chiral coupling component. PMID- 3235565 TI - Determination of halofantrine and its principal metabolite desbutylhalofantrine in biological fluids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3235566 TI - Determination of tacrine hydrochloride in human serum by chloroform extraction, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection. PMID- 3235567 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nifurtimox in human serum. PMID- 3235568 TI - Chromatographic procedure for preparation of a high-purity C 1 esterase inhibitor concentrate. PMID- 3235569 TI - Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic determination of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate in canine tissues and fluids. PMID- 3235570 TI - Determination of phosphate, sulfate and oxalate in urine by ion chromatography. PMID- 3235571 TI - Sensitive method for determination of picogram amounts of epinephrine and other catecholamines in microdissected samples of rat brain using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - Liquid chromatography with high-sensitivity electrochemical detection has been employed to measure picogram amounts of epinephrine and other catecholamines in microdissected samples of the rat hypothalamus. Tissue catecholamines are purified by solvent extraction; this provides better selectivity and recovery than methods involving alumina. The solvent extraction technique has been modified in order to eliminate its major disadvantage, the presence of electroactive substances separating with catecholamines. Detection limits of below 1 pg allow for analysis of catecholamines including epinephrine in very small brain samples such as micropunches. PMID- 3235572 TI - Pre-column derivatization of amino acids with N,N-diethyl-2,4-dinitro-5 fluoroaniline and reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation. AB - A new method for the separation and quantification of primary and secondary amino acids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric detection is described. The use of the novel derivatizing reagent N,N-diethyl-2,4-dinitro-5-fluoroaniline yields derivatives that are more stable to light and heat in solution than the traditional ones. A simple gradient between acidic acetate buffer and acetonitrile allows the complete separation of 21 amino acids in 80 min at room temperature. The good reproducibility of peak areas and retention times allows the application of this simple and low-priced method to the determination of amino acids in the range 50-500 pmol per residue. PMID- 3235573 TI - Determination of erythrocyte porphyrins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using capsule-type silica gels coated with silicone polymer. AB - A simple, rapid and reliable method is described for determining erythrocyte porphyrins using a new type of reversed-phase silica whose surface is coated with silicone polymer. After a single-step extraction of blood with N,N dimethylformamide, zinc protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX were separately quantified in a single run in 5 min. The column life was so long that no alteration in elution profile or retention time was apparent after 1500 injections of samples. The method described would be useful for the screening of lead exposure or iron-deficiency anaemia, and also for the diagnosis of erythropoietic protoporphyria. PMID- 3235574 TI - Quantitative evaluation of collagen fractions separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis: its application for collagen typing in normal and pathological tissues. AB - A method for the quantitation of collagen chains or cyanogen bromide peptides separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is described. After electrophoresis, the bands, slightly stained by Coomassie brilliant blue, are cut and hydrolysed in 6 M hydrochloric acid. Proline and hydroxyproline are measured by a fluorometric procedure after thin-layer separation. When the method is applied to the fractions solubilized by pepsin digestion, it provides a measurement of type I, III, IV and V collagens. When it is applied to cyanogen bromide peptides, its permits the calculation of the proportions of type I and III collagens. Applied to polycystic kidney, this method indicates a significant increase of type I and a limited increase of type IV collagen in this abnormal tissue compared with normal kidney. PMID- 3235575 TI - Screening, confirmation and quantification of boldenone sulfate in equine urine after administration of boldenone undecylenate (Equipoise). AB - Methods for screening by thin-layer chromatography, quantification by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of boldenone sulfate in equine urine after administration of boldenone undecylenate (Equipoise) are presented. Sample work up was done with C18 liquid-solid extraction followed by solvolytic cleavage of the sulfate ester. Confirmatory evidence of boldenone sulfate in equine urine was obtained from 2 h to 42 days following a therapeutic intramuscular dose of Equipoise. The use of 19-nortestosterone sulfate as the internal standard for quantification of boldenone sulfate is discussed. PMID- 3235576 TI - Separation of carotenol fatty acid esters by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Employing isocratic and gradient-elution high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) a number of straight-chain fatty acid esters (decanoate, laurate, myristate, palmitate) of violaxanthin, auroxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, isozeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin, prepared by partial synthesis, have been separated on a C18 reversed-phase column. Several chromatographic conditions were developed that separated a mixture of di-fatty acid esters (dimyristate, myristate palmitate mixed ester, dipalmitate) of violaxanthin, auroxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin in a single chromatographic run. Hydroxycarotenoids such as lutein, zeaxanthin, and isozeaxanthin that are not easily separated by HPLC on C18 reversed-phase columns, can be readily separated after derivatization with fatty acids and chromatography of their esters. Chromatographic conditions for optimum separation of carotenoids from various classes are discussed. PMID- 3235577 TI - Cross-axis synchronous flow-through coil planet centrifuge for large-scale preparative counter-current chromatography. I. Apparatus and studies on stationary phase retention in short coils. AB - Using a new cross-axis synchronous flow-through coil planet centrifuge with a 20 cm revolutional radius, the retention of the stationary phase for nine solvent systems was studied with short coils mounted at two different locations on three holders with 5-, 15- and 25-cm hub diameters. Coils mounted 10 cm to the left of the center of a holder produced a much improved retention of most of the solvent systems compared with the same coils mounted at the center of the holder. In the lateral coil position the retention was found to be affected by the direction of the planetary motion and the head-tail elution mode. This phenomenon may be attributed to the effect of the lateral force field acting asymmetrically between the upper and lower halves of the coil. PMID- 3235578 TI - Solvent extraction clean-up for pre-treatment in amino acid analysis by gas chromatography. Application to age estimation from the D/L ratio of aspartic acid in human dentine. AB - Solvent extraction, a clean-up method for samples for the determination of amino acids by gas chromatography, was investigated and compared with a conventional ion-exchange purification. Amino acids were esterified with isopropanol and extracted with various organic solvents. The solubilities of the amino acid isopropyl esters increased with increasing solvent polarity and the size of the amino acids. The optimum pH was found to be 10.5. The method was applied to the estimation of ages by measurement of the D/L ratio of aspartic acid in human dentine. The D/L ratios so determined were slightly lower than from the ion exchange method with respect to all dentines examined. However, there were little or no significant differences in the ages estimated by both methods, and the correlation coefficient of this method was 0.982. The method is suitable for the enantiomeric analysis of amino acids, and has several advantages in the technique and time. PMID- 3235579 TI - Determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds in fish tissue. AB - A method is presented for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs), and basic polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (PANHs) in fish. The analytical procedure includes Soxhlet extraction of prepared fish tissue with methylene chloride followed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using Bio-beads SX-3. For PAHs/PASHs, further cleanup is performed using adsorption chromatography on Florisil (5% water deactivated) and elution with hexane. For basic PANHs further cleanup of the fish extracts after GPC is achieved using liquid-liquid partitioning with 6 M hydrochloric acid and chloroform and then basifying the aqueous phase and extracting it with chloroform. Analysis of fortified fish samples was performed using capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Good agreement was observed for both methods of analysis when applied to fish samples fortified with PAHs, PASHs and basic PANHs at 0.1 to 1 microgram/g, suggesting that the method is effective at removing interfering biogenic compounds prior to analysis. Average recovery of PAHs/PASHs from fortified fish tissue was 87% and 70% for fish tissue fortified at 0.24-1.1 and 0.024-0.11 microgram/g, respectively. Average recovery for basic PANHs was 97% for fish fortified at 1.2-1.4 micrograms/g. PMID- 3235580 TI - Detection of trace levels of thiodiglycol in blood, plasma and urine using gas chromatography-electron-capture negative-ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. AB - A sensitive method has been developed for the detection and quantitative determination of thiodiglycol in blood, plasma and urine. Samples were extracted from Clin Elut columns and cleaned up on C18 Sep-Pak cartridges (blood, plasma) or Florisil Sep-Pak cartridges (urine). Tetradeuterothiodiglycol was added to the sample prior to extraction as internal standard. Thiodiglycol was converted to its bis-(pentafluorobenzoate) derivative and analysed by capillary gas chromatography-electron-capture negative-ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. Levels of thiodiglycol down to 1 ng/ml (1 ppb) could be detected in 1-ml spiked blood and urine samples; calibration curves were linear over the range 5- or 10-100 ng/ml. Blood and urine samples from a number of control subjects were analysed for background levels of thiodiglycol. Concentrations up to 16 ng/ml were found in blood, but urine levels were below 1 ng/ml. PMID- 3235581 TI - Determination of native folates in milk and other dairy products by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Folates were measured in dairy products by high-performance liquid chromatography without prior sample clean-up. Detection limits for individual folates range from 0.3 to 7.3 ng/g. The folates were extracted from the sample matrix by adjusting the pH to 4.5 with acetic acid, centrifuging to remove precipitated proteins, and treating with conjugase to remove multiple polyglutamate residues. Folates were separated from other sample components using a reversed-phase column with a methanol-phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), and ion-pairing with tetrabutylammonium ion. Fluorescence was found to be the most useful detection technique. Fluorescence detection of reduced forms of the vitamin was achieved by post-column pH adjustment of the eluent with phosphoric acid, while the parent folic acid molecule required chemical oxidation with hypochlorite in order to obtain a fluorescent response. PMID- 3235582 TI - Detection and determination of common benzodiazepines and their metabolites in blood samples of forensic science interest. Microcolumn cleanup and high performance liquid chromatography with reductive electrochemical detection at a pendent mercury drop electrode. AB - Benzodiazepines in the blood samples typical of forensic science work are recovered from 100-250 microliters amounts of blood (diluted with aqueous sodium octyl sulphate to suppress protein binding) onto microcolumns of Porapak-T, and finally eluted into 60-microliters volumes of aqueous acetonitrile. The eluates may be taken directly for analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with reductive amperometric detection at a pendent mercury drop electrode held at potentials down to -1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. For high sensitivity work the electrode is preceded by a coulometric detector fitted with porous carbon electrodes held at 0 V (proprietary reference electrode). The technique detects all of the commonly encountered benzodiazepines and others except clobazam, which contains no azomethine group. The detection limits generally are in the range 1-5 ng/ml (40-200 pg HPLC-injected) in hemolyzed human blood, with recovery values of 84-95%, depending on the actual benzodiazepine, over the range examined (less than or equal to 2.14 micrograms/ml). The respective values for the metabolites of nitrazepam are 8-12 ng/ml and 75-84%. The technique is very much less susceptible to the interferences afflicting other commonly applied techniques, and facilitates considerably the analysis of degraded samples. PMID- 3235583 TI - Validity of post mortem chest cavity blood ethanol determinations. PMID- 3235584 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of loperamide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations. PMID- 3235585 TI - Group contributions to hydrophobicity and elution behaviour of pyridine derivatives in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The mean hydrophobic contributions, pi*m, of substituents in a sample of 34 monosubstituted pyridines has been determined by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The values are compared with those obtained for benzene. PMID- 3235586 TI - First International Symposium on Separation of Chiral Molecules. Paris, May 31 June 2, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3235587 TI - Separation and identification of enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography with a chiral column and a polarimetric detector as applied to deltamethrin. PMID- 3235588 TI - Direct high-performance liquid chromatographic resolution of dihydropyridine enantiomers. AB - A direct high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation on a chiral stationary phase using a protein as chiral selector was achieved for some dihydropyridines with different structural groups (amine, amide, acid and hydroxyl groups). The protein involved was alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and the work was mainly carried out with an EnantioPac column. An improved version of this chiral column (Chiral-AGP) was compared with the previous one and gave interesting results. PMID- 3235589 TI - Direct enantiomeric resolution of disopyramide and its metabolite using chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. Application to stereoselective metabolism and pharmacokinetics of racemic disopyramide in man. AB - A method for the simultaneous determination of disopyramide and mono-N desisopropyldisopyramide enantiomers extracted from human plasma and urine is presented. Separation and quantitation were carried out using two columns coupled in series, and UV detection at 254 nm. First, the racemates of the two compounds were separated using a reversed-phase column, and then the enantiomers were separated using a stereoselective column packed with human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. The mobile phase was 8 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.20-2-propanol (92:8, v/v). The coefficients of variation (%) for the plasma daily determination were 6.7% for R(-)- and S(+)-disopyramide at drug levels of 1.5 micrograms/ml, and 8.5% and 7.7% for R(-)- and S(+)-mono-N-desisopropyldisopyramide, respectively, at drug levels of 0.375 micrograms/ml. The method has allowed the study of stereoselective metabolism and pharmacokinetics of disopyramide after oral administration as a racemate. PMID- 3235590 TI - Determination of the S(+)- and R(-)-enantiomers of baclofen in plasma and urine by gas chromatography using a chiral fused-silica capillary column and an electron-capture detector. AB - A sensitive and enantiospecific gas chromatographic method for the determination of the S(+)- and R(-)-enantiomers of baclofen (I and II) in plasma and urine has been developed and validated. The method is based on the complete resolution of the derivatized enantiomers on a chiral fused-silica capillary column. The hydrochloride salt of a (-)-fluoro analogue of baclofen (III.HCl) was used as the internal standard in plasma, the hydrochloride salt of a (+)-fluoro analogue of baclofen (IV.HCl) as the internal standard in urine. Rapid and convenient isolation of the compounds was achieved using reversed-phase Bond-Elut C18 columns. After elution, the compounds were converted into isobutyl esters and purified by base-specific solvent extraction. The isobutyl esters were then N acylated with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. The derivatives were quantitated after separation on the chiral column using electron-capture detection. The analysis of spiked plasma and urine samples demonstrated the good accuracy and precision of the method, with limits of quantitation of 25 nmol/l for I and II in plasma and of 2 mumol/l for I and II in urine. The method appears to be suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies of the enantiomers in plasma and urine from animals and man after administration of the racemic baclofen. PMID- 3235591 TI - Separation of the stereoisomers of an allenic E-type prostaglandin. AB - Enprostil (I) is a synthetic dehydro-prostaglandin E2 containing a chiral allene moiety which is unresolved relative to the four remaining chiral centers. The relative configuration of the four remaining chiral centers is consistent with that of the naturally occurring E series of prostaglandins. Thus, enprostil exists as enantiomeric pairs of two allenic epimers. An analytical procedure has been developed that separates the four optical isomers present in enprostil. This procedure involves, first, the acid-catalyzed dehydration of enprostil to its corresponding prostaglandin A analogue followed by derivatization with beta naphthylsulfonyl-L-prolyl chloride. The resulting diastereomeric sulfonate esters are separated on an achiral silica gel high-performance liquid chromatographic column. This procedure has been applied to the analysis of both enprostil drug substance and enprostil formulated in a propylene carbonate solution from soft elastic gelatin capsules. An efficient procedure for the recovery of enprostil from the solution formulation is also described. PMID- 3235592 TI - Chromatographic resolution of dipeptide enantiomers and diastereomers on chiral stationary phases from poly(L-leucine) or poly(L-phenylalanine). AB - Two types of chiral stationary phase, polymer-bonded and non-bonded, containing poly(L-leucine) and poly(L-phenylalanine) were prepared. These stationary phases gave higher enantioselectivity for the optical resolution of various derivatives of leucylphenylalanine methyl ester by liquid chromatography than did poly(L alanine) and poly(L-glutamate). PMID- 3235593 TI - Separation and determination of some amino acid ester enantiomers by thin-layer chromatography after derivatization with (S)-(+)-naproxen. PMID- 3235594 TI - On-line high-performance liquid chromatography-post-column reaction-capillary gas chromatography analysis of lipids in biological samples. AB - The versatility of on-line liquid chromatography and gas chromatography is further expanded by the addition of on-line derivatization. The on-line fractionation, derivatization and separation system is applied to the characterization of lipids in biological samples. Separation of the triglycerides from the phospholipids was accomplished on a narrowbore (2.0 mm I.D.) 5 microns silica column. The entire triglyceride fraction was transferred to a heated fixed bed reactor for esterification of the fatty acid constituents. Transfer of the derivatized zones to the gas chromatograph was accomplished by the use of a retention gap. Application of the system to the separation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus is presented. PMID- 3235595 TI - Polymeric benzotriazole reagent for the off-line high-performance liquid chromatographic derivatization of polyamines and related nucleophiles in biological fluids. AB - A polymeric benzotriazole reagent containing a 9-fluorenylmethyleneoxycarbonyl (FMOC) group has been synthesized, characterized, and its derivatizations, off line, for three polyamines, have been optimized with regard to solvent, time, and temperature. An authentic FMOC derivative of cadaverine has been prepared, characterized, and used as the external standard for quantitation of off-line derivatizations and identification of final derivatives. Actual percent derivatizations have been determined, rather than just percent disappearance of starting material. The polyamines in urine or other biological fluids can be derivatized without organic solvent or solid phase extraction, but rather in situ by the simple addition of the polymeric reagent to the fluid, incubation for a few minutes at room or elevated temperature, filtration and direct injection. Derivatizations could also be performed by transferring a small volume of the hydrolyzed and filtered biological fluid to a disposable pipette containing the polymeric reagent. Derivatization was then followed by elution, filtration, and direct injection onto the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system. Automation of the overall polymeric derivatization, filtration, HPLC injection, separation, detection, quantitation, and data acquisition-interpretation is suggested. The polymeric reagent has been utilized for the qualitative and quantitative determination of cadaverine and putrescine, normally occurring polyamines, in human urine. These levels were compared with the corresponding literature values for healthy human subjects, and the values were found to be in excellent agreement. This novel derivatization approach, though off-line, provides for a much simpler, more rapid, and more efficient conversion of these and related polyamines or nucleophiles to derivatives having vastly improved chromatographic detection properties in HPLC. The final derivatives contain the FMOC group, making them extremely chromophoric and fluorophoric, and providing trace detection at ppb (microgram/l) and sub-ppb levels. The overall approach is recommended for these and other biologically occurring polyamines, in fluids and tissues, as well as related bioorganic and biologically active nucleophiles, including drugs and their metabolites. PMID- 3235596 TI - Analysis of double-stranded poly(A).poly(U) molecules by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The behaviour of different batches of synthetic Poly(A).Poly(U) in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was studied. They consist of large molecules mainly in the form of a double strand. Differences in the elution patterns were correlated with properties detected by conventional methods such as electrophoresis, centrifugation, fusion analysis or enzymatic digestions. Under the present conditions, contamination by products and precursors used during synthesis was detectable, but was absent in most of the preparations. The differences in elution patterns between batches appear to be correlated with the size of the molecules synthesized. The chromatograms suggested that Poly(A).Poly(U) molecules contain single-strand portions at least transiently. The presence of such portions was confirmed by enzymatic digestion with S1 nuclease. The rapidity, reproducibility and ease of reversed-phase HPLC qualify this technique as a tool for routine analysis. PMID- 3235597 TI - Structural characterization of recombinant consensus interferon-alpha. AB - Recombinant consensus interferon-alpha is derived from genetically modified Escherichia coli containing a synthetic gene constructed from a consensus of interferon sequences. The purified and biologically active protein has been subjected to detailed structural characterization including sequence determination and peptide isolation and identification. The homogeneous consensus interferon-alpha preparation contains two chromatographically indistinguishable homologous polypeptides with one containing an extra methionyl residue at the amino terminus. The delineated amino acid sequence of the protein is identical to that expected from the coding sequence of the gene. Correct oxidation of the molecule has been confirmed with two intramolecular disulfide linkages observed at Cys(1)-Cys(99) and Cys(29)-Cys(139). PMID- 3235599 TI - Determination of cotinine in urine using glass capillary gas chromatography and selective detection, with special reference to the biological monitoring of passive smoking. AB - A capillary gas chromatographic (GC) method using selected-ion monitoring (SIM) was developed for the analysis of cotinine (C.A.S. No. 486-56-6) in human urine. The method is based on basic extraction of cotinine from 2 ml of urine into dichloromethane. After evaporation of the dichloromethane solution to dryness, 100 microliters of toluene were added, prior to GC-mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. Trideuterated cotinine (C.A.S. No. 97664-65-8) was used as the internal standard. More than 1000 automatic chromatographic analyses were made without column degradation. Molecular ions (M) of cotinine and trideuterated cotinine, (m/e = 176 and 179), were monitored in the electron impact (EI) mode and m/e = 177 (M + 1) and m/e = 180 (M + 1) in the chemical ionization (CI) mode with isobutane. The correlation coefficient with SIM and EI was 0.998 (5-20 ng/ml) and with CI was (0.2-2 ng/ml). For thermionic specific detection the correlation coefficient was 0.998 (10-510 ng/ml). Only capillary columns with an apolar bonded stationary phase film thickness of 1 micron showed sufficient inertness for cotinine analysis at the sub ng/ml level. The relative standard deviations for 5 and 20 ng/ml were 5.2 and 3.5% respectively (n = 12) using EI. Spiked urine samples from six non-smokers (5 ng/ml) showed a relative standard deviation of 5%. The overall recovery (25 ng/ml) was 100 +/- 4%. The minimum detectable concentration, using SIM, was ca. 2 ng/ml in the EI mode and ca. 0.2 ng/ml in the CI mode. The half-time for cotinine was ca. 18 h for both active smokers and non smokers. PMID- 3235598 TI - Separation of molecular species of triacylglycerols by high-performance liquid chromatography with a silver ion column. AB - Molecular species representative of the wide range of triacylglycerols occurring in nature, ranging from relatively saturated fats such as that from sheep adipose tissue through polyunsaturated seed oils, including sunflower and linseed oils, to an oligounsaturated fish oil, have been resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography in the silver ion mode. The stationary phase consisted of an ion exchange medium, which was a silica gel matrix with bonded sulphonic acid moieties, loaded with silver ions. The mobile phase for the more saturated fractions was a gradient of acetone into 1,2-dichloroethane-dichloromethane, then acetonitrile was introduced to elute polyunsaturated fractions. A mass detector was employed to monitor separations. Fractions were collected via a stream splitter for identification and quantification by gas chromatography as methyl esters. Excellent resolution was obtained on the silver ion column with no contamination of fractions with silver ions, while the column was stable and retained its activity in prolonged use. PMID- 3235600 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography technique for taurine quantitation. AB - Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) was quantitated by reversed-phase chromatography on a C18 Resolve column using a linear gradient of 9-11% methanol in water. Glutamine was used as the internal standard. Pre-column derivatization of the amino acid with o-phthalaldehyde allowed the detection of as little as 0.1 pmol taurine. Dual ion-exchange column chromatography was employed to remove other amino acids and metabolic precursors of taurine from the samples. Cysteic acid and cysteine sulfinic acid did not interfere with taurine analysis by the high-performance liquid chromatographic method. For sample deproteinization, boiling and picric acid precipitation were used. Recovery of taurine averaged 93.5 +/- 5.0% (means +/- standard error of the mean) from standard solutions and was not affected by the method of deproteinization. Using this procedure, plasma taurine concentrations for the rat and chick were determined to be 100.7 +/- 13.1 microM and 108.0 +/- 0.3 microM, respectively. Recovery of taurine from plasma samples averaged 97.2 +/- 4.7%. PMID- 3235601 TI - Nitroalkanes as a multidetector retention index scale for drug identification in gas chromatography. PMID- 3235602 TI - New high-speed counter-current chromatograph equipped with a pair of separation columns connected in series. PMID- 3235603 TI - Direct capillary trapping and gas chromatographic analysis of bromomethane and other highly volatile air pollutants. PMID- 3235604 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of macrosporin, altersolanol A, alterporriol A, B and C in fermentation of Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciferri. PMID- 3235605 TI - Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic separation of phospholipid molecular species using plates with both reversed-phase and argentation zones. PMID- 3235606 TI - Purification of long-chain, saturated, free fatty acids. PMID- 3235607 TI - Selection of high-performance liquid chromatographic methods in pharmaceutical analysis. I. Optimization for selectivity in reversed-phase chromatography. AB - The application of solvent optimization to the development of isocratic reversed phase liquid chromatography has been reported in several publications. Two different approaches to solvent optimization for controlling band spacing for the maximum resolution of samples are "solvent strength" and "solvent type" optimization. To improve the separation selectivity further the combination of these two approaches was examined, as a (global) optimum mobile phase composition requires the optimization of the solvent strength by varying the percentage of organic component and of the solvent selectivity of methanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and water. It was found that the combination of "solvent strength" and "solvent type" optimization provides a markedly better separation than either procedure alone. PMID- 3235608 TI - Selection of high-performance liquid chromatographic methods in pharmaceutical analysis. II. Optimization for selectivity in normal-phase systems. AB - Optimization of selectivity in normal-phase chromatography was studied. Using the same optimization criteria (Rs,min, Dmin, Rsb and Rsa) as in Part I the possible combination of "solvent strength" optimization by variation of the percentage of polar modifier in the less polar mobile phase and "solvent type" optimization by measuring the solvent selectivity of chloroform, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane was examined. From the results it can be concluded that by replacement of medium-polarity solvents (chloroform, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane) in the mobile phase, the selectivity of the separation can be significantly improved as the elution order is a function of solvent type belonging to Class P. In the separation of a steroid mixture dioxane provides the best properties for improving band spacing. PMID- 3235609 TI - Cross-axis synchronous flow-through coil planet centrifuge for large-scale preparative counter-current chromatography. III. Performance of large-bore coils in slow planetary motion. AB - A preparative capability of the present cross-axis synchronous flow-through coil planet centrifuge was demonstrated with 0.5 cm I.D. multilayer coils. Results of the model studies with short coils indicated that the optimal separations are obtained at low revolutional speeds of 100-200 rpm in both central and lateral coil positions. Preparative separations were successfully performed on 2.5-10 g quantities of test samples in a pair of multilayer coils connected in series with a total capacity of 2.5 l. The sample loading capacity will be scaled up in several folds by increasing the column width. PMID- 3235610 TI - Identification of organophosphorus insecticides and their hydrolysis products by liquid chromatography in combination with UV and thermospray-mass spectrometric detection. AB - Liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (LC-UV) and positive and negative ion mode (PI and NI, respectively) thermospray LC-mass spectrometry (LC MS) were used for the analysis of the organophosphorus pesticides azinphos methyl, diazinon and parathion-methyl and their corresponding breakdown products obtained after basic hydrolysis (pH 7-11). LC analysis was performed in the reversed-phase mode using methanol-water (80:20) or methanol-water (70:30) + 0.1 M ammonium acetate for LC-UV or LC-MS, respectively. By employing NI thermospray LC-MS the identification of p-nitrophenol, showing the [2M-H]- ion as the base peak, was feasible and confirmed the LC-UV chromatogram at 220 nm. When the PI mode was used, [M + NH4]+ and [M + H]+ ions were obtained as base peaks for azinphos-methyl and diazinon, respectively. The degradation rates varied from diazinon, which showed no degradation during a period of ten days, to azinphos methyl and parathion-methyl, for which degradation occurred rapidly when the pH was increased from 7 to 11. PMID- 3235611 TI - Resolution of diastereomers of N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine (quadrol) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Quadrol, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine, has been recently observed to display biological activity. It is an immunostimulant and has been implicated as a potentially useful agent in accelerated wound healing. Quadrol exists as a mixture of four unique diastereomers, each of which may, upon further investigation, display differences in biological activity. This paper describes an high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure (both analytical and prep) for the separation of the Quadrol diastereomers. Gas-liquid chromatography and NMR data are presented which corroborate the high-performance liquid chromatographic results. This procedure may be used to obtain pure Quadrol diastereomers, to monitor the progress of Quadrol synthesis from propylene oxide and ethylenediamine or to develop a quantitative assay for Quadrol diastereomers. PMID- 3235612 TI - Resolution of the intermediates of de novo purine biosynthesis by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - An ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromotographic procedure capable of resolving twelve of the fourteen intermediates of de novo purine biosynthesis is presented. The method utilizes isocratic elution and detection by ultraviolet light absorption. Separation of all twelve intermediates can be achieved in 90 min. PMID- 3235613 TI - Purification of lentil lectins using preparative electrophoresis. AB - Electrophoresis presents an interesting alternative to chromatography for the purification of biological compounds. To document the performance of three preparative electrophoresis apparatus currently available, they were applied to the purification of lectins from lentil seeds which contain two isolectins usually purified by chromatography. Purification by electrophoresis consists of first isolating a mixture of the two isolectins and then separating them. For the first step, either of two free-flow electrophoresis apparatus were employed: the Elphor VaP 22, using field step electrophoresis and the Biostream using zone electrophoresis. To optimize the process, the Biostream was modified to a recycling mode. This required repositioning one dialysis membrane which separates an electrode from the separation chamber. This allowed the lentil extract to be desalted by electrodialysis directly in the apparatus prior to fractionation. A high concentration of lectins was collected at the cathode and acidic proteins were collected at the anode. The bulk of the extract was recycled until the whole volume was processed. In a second step the isolectins were separated by recycling isoelectric focusing in the recycling isoelectric focusing apparatus. The present work clearly demonstrates that electrophoretic methods provide lectins with higher purity than chromatographically purified commercial products. PMID- 3235614 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of alliin in garlic and garlic products. AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is proposed for the determination of alliin in garlic and garlic products. The method involves heating of the sample with water in a bath of boiling water followed by homogenization and centrifugation. Interfering components are eliminated by use of a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge as a clean up step before injection. The LC system with ultraviolet detection at 210 nm consists of a separation on a Zorbax TMS column and isocratic elution with water as a mobile phase. Fluorometric determination by ion-pairing chromatography with tetra-n-butylammonium bromide on a Nucleosil 5C18 column is also described. The overall recoveries of alliin added to garlic products were greater than 90%. Thin-layer chromatography and enzymatic degradation of alliin were performed for the confirmation of alliin detected in garlic products. PMID- 3235616 TI - Simultaneous determination of thiols and corresponding disulphides in mixtures by high-performance liquid chromatography with polarographic detection using a Dual Tast Analyser. PMID- 3235615 TI - Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of propoxyphene and acetaminophen in pharmaceutical preparations. AB - A normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method, using a 3.3 cm x 4.6 mm silica column (3 microns packing) and an ammonium hydroxide-methanol dichloromethane mobile phase, has been developed to separate propoxyphene and acetaminophen in less than 5 min. Quantitative recovery of both compounds from various pharmaceutical preparations was achieved, following a single dilution scheme. The method is stable, reproducible, and selective. PMID- 3235617 TI - Separation of thiols on Spheron Ara activated with 2-nitrophenyl hydrazonopropandinitrile ligand. PMID- 3235618 TI - Measurement of methylated DNA purines by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection. PMID- 3235619 TI - [HPLC study of potential metabolites of caffeine. Comparison of various techniques]. PMID- 3235620 TI - Determination of geniposide, gardenoside, geniposidic acid and genipin-1-beta gentiobioside in Gardenia jasminoides by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3235621 TI - Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ampicillin embonate and amoxycillin embonate. PMID- 3235622 TI - Application of amperometric detection to the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of antipyrine and 4-aminoantipyrine in urine. PMID- 3235624 TI - High-performance affinity chromatography of human progesterone receptor. PMID- 3235623 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hinokitiol in cosmetics by the formation of difluoroborane compounds. PMID- 3235625 TI - Retention reproducibility of basic drugs in high-performance liquid chromatography on a silica column with a methanol-ammonium nitrate eluent. Batch to-batch reproducibility of the stationary phase. AB - The effect of changing the brand and batches of the silica stationary phase used with a methanol-aqueous ammonium nitrate eluent for the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of basic drugs has been studied. Considerable care had to be taken to obtain a reproducible eluent and the effect of small changes in the concentration of the ammonia solution were examined closely. Large differences in both the capacity factor and relative capacity factors were found for separations on columns packed with four different brands of silica. Significant differences were also observed with columns containing eighteen different batches of Spherisorb S5W, which had been manufactured over a period of several years. PMID- 3235626 TI - Ultrasound driven synthesis of reversed-phase stationary phases for liquid chromatography using 4-dimethyl-aminopyridine as acid-acceptor. AB - A reproducible new method for synthesizing high density monomeric reversed-phase chromatographic packings based on the use of ultrasonic waves as the driving force for the bonding reaction is presented. The use of ultrasound has two distinct advantages over traditional reflux methods. It provides a reaction driving force that is independent of temperature; in addition, the power of the ultrasonic driving force can be varied using a variable-power ultrasonic probe. The use of a novel acid-acceptor, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, is also recommended in the bonding reaction due to its ease of use and the resulting high bonding densities. PMID- 3235628 TI - Twelfth International Symposium on Column Liquid Chromatography. Part I. Washington, DC (U.S.A), June 19-24, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3235627 TI - Combined lectin-affinity and metal-interaction chromatography for the separation of glycophorins by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Human erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins, or glycophorins, were chromatographed by lectin-affinity and metal-interaction chromatography on high-performance liquid chromatographic columns. Glycophorins A, B and C were separated from other proteins and from glycophorin E by using a column containing wheat germ agglutinin, immobilized on a microparticulate silica support. The glycophorins were adsorbed on the lectin column from a mobile phase containing 0.25 M sodium chloride and recovered by stepwise desorption with 0.2 M N-acetylglucosamine solution. Glycophorins A, B and C were separated into the individual components on a silica-bound iminodiacetic acid stationary phase in the copper(II) chelate form. The separation of the glycophorins by metal-interaction chromatography was accomplished by decreasing salt gradient elution. Retention times and resolution of the individual glycophorins were sensitive to the initial sodium chloride concentration and the pH of the eluent. Addition of methanol to the eluent increased the resolution. The effects of linear, decreasing gradients of pH and methanol in 25 mM phosphate buffer on the resolution of glycophorins were also investigated. In both types of chromatography the mobile phases contained 0.05% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate. With octylglycoside or CHAPS in the eluent glycophorins A and C could not be eluted. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze all the chromatographic results. PMID- 3235629 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of DNA composition and DNA modification by chloroacetaldehyde. AB - The separation of common and modified deoxyribonucleosides derived from DNA hydrolyzates was examined under different chromatographic conditions on silica based octadecyl (C18) columns, involving hydrophobic interactions with the matrix. A novel method for the analysis of the DNA composition is described. It involves the removal of RNA contaminants and enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA, first to deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates and then dephosphorylation of the latter to deoxyribonucleosides. Hydrolysis conditions were sought to avoid deamination of dA and dC residues to dI and dU contaminants, respectively. Elution of these contaminants and the artifacts (ribonucleosides derived from RNA) is described in relation to the elution of deoxyribonucleosides. Chromatographic separation of the hydrolyzate derived from a 15-micrograms sample of DNA under selected separation conditions and on one high-performance liquid chromatographic column is achieved in 18 min at room temperature. Detection of modified components (and contaminants) present in minute amounts is enhanced with the use of a diode-array detector. The power of this technique lies in its ability to characterize and quantitate accurately the amount of modified species present in the DNA structure (less than 2% of all the other residues). Examples of the composition analysis of DNA derived from a prokaryote (Escherichia coli B) and a eukaryote (salmon sperm) are described. Details of quantitation (calibration graphs) of different nucleosides are furnished for peak-area integration by commercially available software, and spectral properties of the nucleoside in the elution buffer are described for quantitation by other means. Application of the composition analysis is shown here for probing the DNA conformation in solution by chemical means, while using chloroacetaldehyde as the modifying agent. PMID- 3235630 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of peptides on a diol-Gly-Phe Phe tripeptide-bonded phase. AB - The retention characteristics of some selected peptides (mol. wt. less than 2000 a.m.u.) have been investigated on a diol-Gly-Phe-Phe partitioning phase, bound to 5-microns porous silica. The hydrophobic, positively charged peptides can be separated with mild mobile phases, containing only acetonitrile and phosphate buffer. The peptide selectivity of the diol-Gly-Phe-Phe-bonded phase is uniquely different from that of a C8 column. The dependence of capacity factors on mobile phase pH, ionic strength, and organic solvent concentration demonstrated that the partitioning mechanisms of the diol-Gly-Phe-Phe phase involve multifunctional reversed-phase and cation-exchange processes. PMID- 3235631 TI - Computer simulation of high-performance liquid chromatographic separations of peptide and protein digests for development of size-exclusion, ion-exchange and reversed-phase chromatographic methods. AB - A computer program, called Pro Digest-LC, has been developed which assists scientists in devising methods of size-exclusion, cation-exchange and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the analytical separation and purification of biologically active peptides and peptide fragments from enzymatic and chemical digests of proteins. Pro Digest-LC accurately predicts the retention behaviour of peptides of known composition, containing 2-50 amino acid residues, and simulates the elution profiles in all three modes of chromatography. In addition, Pro Digest-LC is a user-friendly program, designed as a teaching aid for both students and researchers in selecting the correct conditions for chromatography, that is, the mode of chromatography, column selection, mobile phase selection, and has the ability to examine the effects of flow-rate, gradient-rate, and sample size on the separation. We have designed a set of peptide standards for each mode of chromatography to aid the researcher in eliminating non-specific interactions, to standardize retention behaviour on the user's columns, to monitor column performance and to compare packing materials. In the development of each prediction mode, experimental peak heights, peak widths, and retention times from model synthetic peptide standards were incorporated directly into the program and can be used as default values. Pro Digest-LC is an interactive program, in that researchers can run peptide standards on their particular columns and enter the peak width at half-height, peak height, retention time and quantity injected to adjust the simulation to their particular column. The simulated experiments eliminate the time-consuming trial-and-error methods used to suitable separation or purification procedures. The researcher would perform the actual experiment only after predicting the optimized conditions, thereby saving valuable sample and research time. The general concepts of the program along with representative separations of protein digests are displayed. PMID- 3235632 TI - Protein immobilization on silica supports. A ligand density study. AB - The immobilization of proteins on diol-bonded silica matrices containing carboxyl groups (spacer arms) was studied. It was found that the activated ester coupling method worked best with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as the condensing agent in the activation step. During protein coupling, the amount of protein immobilized was highest below pH 6. The optimum pore size of the silica was 300-1000 A. The spacer arm ligand density was varied over as much as a 100-fold range and the effects on the total activities and specific activities of several proteins were studied. Two proteins exhibited up to two-fold increases in specific activity at low ligand densities. However, the total amounts of activity and protein immobilized decreased at low ligand densities. PMID- 3235633 TI - Automated high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of iodotyrosines and iodothyronines. PMID- 3235634 TI - High-performance affinity isolation of lymphocyte membrane receptors on biotinylated antigen and avidin-coated beads. AB - Isolation of lymphocyte membrane receptors can be achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography using immobilized streptavidin as the ligand and biotinylated antigen. Activated lymphocytes were allowed to react with biotin labelled antigen prior to harvesting. The cells were disrupted and their membranes solubilized before passing the suspension through the avidin affinity column. The biotinylated antigen acted as an efficient receptor probe, which helped to maintain the integrity of the receptor during the isolation procedure. The biotin also acted as the substrate that attaches to the immobilized avidin. Recovery of the bound receptor was achieved by dissociation of the receptor from the antigen and recovery of the receptor in the effluent during the elution phase of the separation. PMID- 3235635 TI - Effect of peptide chain length on peptide retention behaviour in reversed-phase chromatography. AB - The use of amino acid retention or hydrophobicity coefficients for the prediction of peptide retention time and/or the elution order on hydrophobic stationary phases is based on the premise that amino acid composition is the major factor affecting peptide retention in reversed-phase chromatography. Although this assumption generally agrees well for small peptides (up to ca. 15 residues), the retention times of increasingly larger peptides are less than expected from a simple summation of retention coefficients. In the present study, we report the synthesis of four series of peptide polymers which vary significantly in overall hydrophobicity and polypeptide chain length (5-50 amino acid residues, Ac = acetyl): Ac-(G-L-G-A-K-G-A-G-V-G)n-amide (n = 1-5), Ac-(G-K-G-L-G)n-amide (n = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10), Ac-(L-G-L-K-A)n-amide (n = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) and Ac-(L-G-L-K L)n-amide (n = 1, 2, 4). From the retention behaviour of these peptide polymers on C4, C8 and C18 stationary phases under gradient elution conditions, we have clearly established the effect of polypeptide chain length and hydrophobicity on peptide retention. This, in turn, has enabled us to extend the utility of retention time prediction for peptides containing up to 50 residues by introducing a peptide chain-length correction. PMID- 3235636 TI - Rapid high-performance affinity chromatography on micropellicular sorbents. AB - Short columns (30 x 4.6 mm I.D.), packed with 2-micron fluid-impervious silica microspheres with surface-bound Protein A or a lectin were used for fast separation and quantitation of immunoglobulins and glycoproteins by biospecific interaction chromatography. With stepwise elution, the total analysis time including column reequilibration did not exceed 3 min. In the assay of IgG with a stepwise change in pH best results were obtained with citrate buffer, which facilitated not only fast but also very sensitive analysis. The calibration curve was linear in the range 0.5-40 micrograms of human IgG. By using morpholinoethanesulfonic acid-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid acetic acid buffer with a linear decrease in pH from 6.0 to 4.0 and an increase in magnesium chloride concentration to 200 mM for elution, the subclasses of human IgG were separated at 40 degrees C above pH 4.0 in 3 min. Micropellicular concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin were used for rapid affinity chromatography of horseradish peroxidase and fetuin, respectively. The results suggest that micropellicular affinity sorbents afford fast and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic analysis by biospecific interaction chromatography. Although developed primarily for rapid analysis, the micropellicular Protein A exhibited unexpectedly high adsorption capacity (e.g., 4.5 mg human IgG per ml of wet bed volume). This suggests that such columns could be employed in preparative protein chromatography as well. PMID- 3235637 TI - Determination of pterins in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography on C18 columns conditioned with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. AB - A method is proposed for the determination of pterins in urine without clean-up by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 column previously conditioned with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Other endogenous compounds are retained in the column, preventing interference. Xanthopterin, neopterin, isoxanthopterin, monapterin, biopterin, 6-hydroxymethylpterin, pterin and lumazine can be determined. Retention and separation mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3235638 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids, peptides and proteins. LXXXVII. Comparison of retention and bandwidth properties of proteins eluted by gradient and isocratic anion-exchange chromatography. AB - The high-performance ion-exchange gradient-elution behaviour of a range of globular proteins has been investigated, using a strong anion exchanger as the stationary phase and sodium chloride as the displacer salt. Deviations were observed between the Zc values obtained from isocratic experiments and from gradient experiments with varied gradient time and varied flow-rate. These results indicate that theoretical treatments which relate gradient and isocratic elution processes do not adequately describe the retention behaviour of protein solutes separated by ion-exchange methods. Furthermore, the experimentally observed bandwidths deviated significantly from values predicted on the basis of plate theory for low-molecular-weight molecules. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of the influence of experimental parameters on the ability of particular electrostatically interactive areas on the surface of protein solutes to control the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of these polyelectrolyte molecules during ion-exchange chromatographic processes. PMID- 3235639 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of low-molecular-weight amides in pharmaceutical matrices. PMID- 3235640 TI - Computer-assisted retention prediction system for oligonucleotides in gradient anion-exchange chromatography. AB - A technique is presented for the retention prediction of single-stranded homo oligonucleotides under gradient elution conditions in anion-exchange chromatography. The prediction system is based on the theory proposed by Jandera and Churacek. In the present system, the theory was modified by the extrapolation method, utilizing the linear relationship between the log of the capacity factor and the number of nucleotides. The modified theory allowed the prediction of retention times for high-molecular-weight oligonucleotides, which could not be calculated from the original theory. Oligoadenylate was used as a standard oligonucleotide to demonstrate the accuracy of the prediction system. By use of this system, the retention times of oligoadenylates up to 25-35 bases in chain length were predicted within 8% errors under both binary-linear and binary-convex gradient shapes. PMID- 3235642 TI - Strategy for the immobilization of monoclonal antibodies on solid-phase supports. AB - Using matrices based upon Affi-Gel and Affi-Prep, we have examined conditions during the immobilization of antibodies (immunoglobulin G, IgG) that influence the performance of immunosorbents. Such conditions include: coupling pH, coupling kinetics, antibody density on the immunosorbent and the activation chemistries utilized for the immobilization process. These studies have shown that the capacity for antigen does not increase with increased antibody coupling efficiency. Presumably, increased coupling times or efficiencies lead to multi site attachment of the antibody to the matrix, thereby causing inactivation. Immunosorbents containing low densities of IgG were found to have greater capacity for antigen on a per mole IgG basis. This suggests steric crowding of antigen at high antibody density. Finally, immunosorbents prepared through IgG carbohydrate linkages (oriented coupling) show dramatic increases in antigen capacity over those prepared by stochastic (random) coupling through IgG primary amino groups. A combination of low IgG density and oriented coupling of the IgG via the carbohydrate moiety may represent the best strategy for the preparation of immunosorbents. PMID- 3235641 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids, peptides and proteins. LXXXVIII. Calculation of the average distance between protein solutes and the stationary phase during isocratic anion-exchange chromatography. AB - This investigation deals with protein retention behaviour in high-performance anion-exchange chromatography in terms of the average distance of approach between the protein solute and the positively charged anion-exchange stationary phase surface. The theoretical treatment is based on a modified Debye-Huckel theory for spherical impenetrable ions, where the electrostatic potential energy has been related to the chromatographic capacity factor, k'. Results are presented for three globular proteins, eluted isocratically from a Mono-Q strong anion-exchange resin with sodium chloride as the displacer salt by a mobile phase with pH in the range 5.50-9.60. Analysis of experimental retention data indicates that topographically predefined, charged regions on the protein surface, called ionotopes, control the orientation and approach distance of the protein solute. PMID- 3235643 TI - Identification of amphetamine isomers by GC/IR/MS. AB - The methods of gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FTIR) and gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy/mass spectrometry (GC/IR/MS) are evaluated for their ability to differentiate side chain isomers of amphetamine. It is found that absorption bands from 3000 to 2850 cm-1 and 900 to 650 cm-1 are most useful for differentiating the alkyl amines, while the bands from 1600 to 900 cm-1 are only useful for differentiating primary amines from the other substituted amines. The combination of GC/IR/MS is superior for differentiating these side chain isomers. PMID- 3235644 TI - Simple LC method for determination of chloramphenicol in equine, canine, and feline serum. AB - A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is developed for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) concentrations in equine, canine, and feline serum. Serum samples are diluted, then ultrafiltered using a microconcentrator with a 30,000 MW cutoff filter. CAP is separated and quantitated directly from the ultrafiltrate on a reversed-phase column using a buffered methanol mobile phase and a variable wavelength UV detector set at 278 nm. The recovery of CAP from 5 micrograms/mL spiked serum samples is determined using 10 serum samples from each of the three species. This method of sample preparation yields recoveries of 99.8%, 92.0%, and 88.6% with coefficients of variation of 1.2%, 1.3%, and 1.0% in equine, canine, and feline sera, respectively. Concentrations of CAP between 0.5 and 400 micrograms/mL as determined by peak area are found to have a linear relationship (correlation coefficient = 0.99997, n = 10), although amounts as low as 0.025 microgram/mL can be detected. PMID- 3235645 TI - Cued recall and release from proactive interference in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Two tasks were administered to 13 mildly to moderately impaired subjects who met clinical research criteria for AD, and 17 controls matched for age and education. In the first task, subjects were administered a cued recall test (Buschke, 1984). AD subjects were found to be variably impaired in their ability to perform the initial stimulus-processing procedure, which involved matching cues with referents. The subsequent cued recall test did not typically facilitate performance. In the second task, subjects were administered a release from proactive interference (PI) paradigm consisting of semantically related and unrelated word lists. AD subjects did not develop the expected proactive interference effect for the semantically related words or show a resulting "release from PI" on related word list recall compared to normal controls. Results are discussed in terms of the role of semantic processing in episodic memory tasks. PMID- 3235646 TI - Evaluation of a remedial programme for attentional deficits following closed-head injury. AB - Although the frequency and implications of disorders of attention in head-injured subjects have been recognised in recent years, there have been few carefully controlled attempts to evaluate remedial interventions. The present study employed a multiple baseline across subjects design to evaluate a computer mediated programme for the remediation of deficits in speed of information processing in 10 severely head-injured subjects, aged 17-38 years. Following a baseline period, the effectiveness of computer training alone was compared with that combined with therapist feedback and reinforcement in separate training phases, each lasting 3 weeks. The final phase involved a return to baseline conditions. Dependent measures of attention, taken across all phases, included psychometric measures of processing speed, a rating scale completed by the patient's Occupational Therapist, and a video of the patient working in therapy. Results suggested that, once spontaneous recovery and practice effect were controlled, the patients showed little response to the interventions in terms of the dependent measures used. PMID- 3235647 TI - Self-ratings of memory dysfunction: different findings in depression and amnesia. AB - An 18-item self-rating test of memory functions was administered to two patient groups: seven patients with amnesia resulting from Korsakoff's syndrome and six other amnesic patients. These results were compared to results obtained previously for depressed psychiatric inpatients (n = 19) and depressed inpatients prescribed electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (n = 35). The latter group was tested both before and 1 week after completion of the course of ECT. One pattern of memory self-ratings was reported by the two groups of depressed patients. These two groups reported an approximately equivalent level of impairment across all test items. A different pattern of memory self-ratings was reported by the two groups of amnesic patients and by the group tested after ECT. These patients reported considerably more impairment on some items than others, such that performance was not equivalent across test items. Finally, the patients with Korsakoff's syndrome underestimated their memory problems, reporting a less severe impairment than the other amnesic patients. The results show that the memory problems experienced in depression and in amnesia are distinguishable with self-assessment techniques. In addition, the similarity between memory self ratings reported by patients after ECT and by amnesic patients supports the idea that memory complaints after ECT reflect primarily the experience of amnesia. Self-rating forms like the one described here may have useful application to many diagnostic groups where questions arise about the nature of reported memory problems. PMID- 3235648 TI - Working memory and secondary memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. AB - The memory loss associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) may have multiple cognitive components. Working Memory appears to be impaired due to failures of a Central Executive System. Secondary Memory, on the other hand, is affected due to poor encoding or mediational processes. An analysis of the performance of 71 AD patients on tests related to these neuropsychological constructs revealed that they could indeed be dissociated. In fact, individual patients were identified with significantly different, and unique, patterns of impairment which were consistent with the two-component model. These data, therefore, lend preliminary support for the notion of multiple cognitive impairments being responsible for the memory loss in AD. PMID- 3235649 TI - California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) performance in severely head-injured and neurologically normal adult males. AB - California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) performance was compared for 33 head injured and 33 neurologically normal adult males. On learning trials, head injured persons recalled fewer items than controls in general, though the percent of improvement between trials did not differ for these groups. Head-injured patients also demonstrated more intrusions and used semantic groupings less than did normal controls during learning trials. On delayed recall trials, head injured persons remembered a smaller percentage of items they had learned earlier than did controls. Semantic cues aided recall for head-injured but not normal persons. Head-injured persons were less able to discriminate list from nonlist items during the recognition trial. Results indicated both retrieval and storage (i.e., encoding or retention) deficits for the head-injured group. The CVLT is a useful instrument for defining memory deficits in a head-injured population. PMID- 3235650 TI - Neuropsychological findings in toxicometabolic confusional states. AB - Patients with acute confusional states display impaired attention and memory with difficulty following complex verbal commands. In addition to these deficits, we have observed a selective impairment in spatial thinking similar to that present following right-hemisphere lesions. Consequently, we compared patients with acute confusional states (CS) to patients with focal right-hemisphere disease (RHD) and controls on a standard neuropsychological battery. Although impaired relative to controls, both CS and RHD groups did not differ from each other on those tests typically associated with right-hemisphere lesions. These included performance IQ, constructional praxis, spatial judgment, and cancellation tasks. In light of these findings, the neurological correlates of selective deficits in spatial processes include not only unilateral right-hemisphere lesions, but also diffuse disorders such as CS. Thus, there is the potential to misinterpret the neuropsychological test results of patients with diffuse cerebral disorders as indicating focal abnormalities when none exist. PMID- 3235651 TI - Discriminant validity of lateral sensorimotor tests in children. AB - The discriminant validity of left- (LH) and right-hand (RH) sensorimotor measures from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. A group of children (primarily learning disabled) was divided into analysis (n = 488) and cross-validation (n = 400) samples and the following measures were taken for both the LH and the RH Tactile Perception, Finger Agnosia, Fingertip Number Writing, Tactile Form Recognition, Finger Tapping, Grip Strength, Grooved Pegboard, and Mazes. RH- and LH scores from these tests, and scores from five WISC subtests (Information, Similarities, Vocabulary, Block Design, and Object Assembly) were analyzed in a series of four nested confirmatory factor models. Models distinguished between LH and RH skill factors, and/or between simple- and complex-skill factors. Models were compared using incremental fit ratios and chi 2 difference tests (Bentler & Bonnett, 1980). Model comparisons revealed little evidence for discriminant validity of LH and RH measures, but strong support for distinctions between measures of simple- and complex-skills. These findings were replicated in the cross-validation sample. PMID- 3235652 TI - Cube copying after cerebral damage. AB - The capacity of patients with cerebral lesions to copy a picture of a cube, as opposed to a nonrepresentational figure of similar structural complexity, was examined. Patients with copying disability showed greater impairment for the cube than the noncube whereas patients without copying impairment and controls performed equally on the two figures. It was concluded that the copying-deficit patients had particular difficulty in drawing 3-dimensional figures and that the copying deficit was not simply one of formulating the sequence of steps necessary to produce a complex as opposed to a simple abstract form. The results suggest that copying-disability patients may experience particular difficulty in encoding the pictorial structure of a model which depicts a three-dimensional object. The occurrence of errors of intellectual realism in cube copying (which also occur in children's drawings) was noted and it was suggested that the patients were experiencing difficulty in perceptually isolating the picture structure from the picture content. PMID- 3235653 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the immunogenicity of a polyvalent Klebsiella capsular polysaccharide vaccine in humans. AB - A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for Klebsiella capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and used to evaluate the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response to a 24-valent CPS vaccine in seven adult volunteers. The median rise in titer to all vaccine antigens in samples from the volunteers was significant (twofold or greater). Significant IgG responses to 11 immunologically related serotypes not included in the vaccine were also noted. The mean cross reacting IgG titer of 127.2 was only slightly lower than the mean titer of 175.7 to the serotypes in the vaccine (P less than 0.05). The mean 29.9-fold increase in titer to the serotypes in the vaccine was significantly higher than the mean 13.5-fold increase in titer to the additional antigens (P less than 0.001). The difference was partly because of the significantly lower (P less than 0.01) natural antibody titers in the preimmune sera to the serotypes in the vaccine, compared with those to serotypes not included in the vaccine. The selection of vaccine serotypes was based on the frequency of serotype isolation from cases of Klebsiella bacteremia. The above findings, which show low levels of natural antibody to these serotypes, support the hypothesis that anti-CPS antibody is protective against bacteremic disease. PMID- 3235654 TI - Rapid method for differentiation of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and related dermatophyte species. AB - Bromocresol purple-milk solids-glucose medium, proposed by Fischer and Kane in 1971 (Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 43:169-180, 1971) as an aid in the rapid determination of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, was evaluated across a wide range of isolates to determine its accuracy and efficacy in the clinical laboratory. Results showed that it facilitated accurate determination of typical and atypical isolates of both species and also permitted the rapid identification of other closely related and similar species. Identification of all dermatophyte species tested was possible within 7 to 10 days. Occult contamination of isolates by antibiotic-resistant bacteria did not hinder identification. PMID- 3235655 TI - Heterogeneity in immunoblot patterns obtained by using four strains of Borrelia burgdorferi and sera from naturally exposed dogs. AB - This study evaluated the differences in immunoblot patterns when serum specimens from seropositive dogs were reacted against four strains of Borrelia burgdorferi. Intense bands were consistently detected for the 83-, 66-, 61- to 60-, 41-, and 31-kilodalton regions for all four strains. Most variations were observed in the regions of 45 to 34 and 26 to 15 kilodaltons. Adsorption studies suggested that one reason for the observed variability was a difference in proteins among the organisms, rather than a difference in migration of proteins. Therefore, knowledge and consistency of the test antigen are essential when evaluating and comparing canine immunoblot patterns to B. burgdorferi, but for diagnostic purposes all of the serum samples would have been considered positive regardless of the strain used. PMID- 3235656 TI - Antibodies to mycobacterial peptidoglycolipid and to crude protein antigens in sera from different categories of human subjects. AB - Sera from patients with disease caused by the Mycobacterium avium complex (M. avium and M. intracellulare), M. kansasii, or M. tuberculosis and from subjects who did not have a mycobacterial disease were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against peptidoglycolipid antigens representing each of the 15 most common serovars of the M. avium complex and against crude protein antigen extracts of M. avium and M. tuberculosis. The highly specific peptidoglycolipid antigens yielded positive reactions in 83% of M. avium complex patients, 57% of active-tuberculosis patients, and 14% of subjects without mycobacterial disease. Reactions to more than 1 of the 15 peptidoglycolipid antigens were found only in patients with infections caused by mycobacteria, suggesting that a mycobacterial pulmonary lesion is readily colonized by mycobacteria other than the one that initiated the lesion. The two crude mycobacterial protein antigens were highly cross-reactive, with little if any capacity to discriminate between infections caused by any of the mycobacteria studied. Moreover, they did not appear to be more sensitive than the peptidoglycolipids. The data suggest that it is unlikely that a practical and reliable serological test can be developed that will distinguish between transient subclinical infection and significant disease caused by common environmental mycobacteria, such as members of the M. avium complex. Success in developing such a test for nonenvironmental mycobacteria, such as M. tuberculosis, appears more likely. PMID- 3235658 TI - Classification of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai strain 017 by using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Leptospira interrogans serovar lai was identified in China in 1966 as a new serovar of the icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup by cross-absorption tests. In this study, we established three hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of the immunoglobulin G3 subclass (LW1, LW2, and LW3) and of the immunoglobulin M class (LW4a) against serovar lai strain 017 by the cell fusion technique. Immunological reactivities of the MAbs were determined by the microscopic agglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and indirect immunofluorescence assay. MAbs LW1 and LW3 agglutinated cells of serovars lai, birkini, and gem of serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae. LW2 agglutinated various serovars of serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae, except for serovar tonkini. LW4a reacted positively with various Leptospira species, including a new species, Leptospira parva, in the ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assay. However, LW4a did not react with Leptonema illini 3055. The results of an inhibition ELISA with heated outer envelope (OE) or periodate-oxidized OE suggested that these MAbs recognize a carbohydrate moiety of the OE as the antigenic determinant. PMID- 3235657 TI - Collaborative evaluation in seven laboratories of a standardized micromethod for yeast susceptibility testing. AB - The new micromethod for yeast susceptibility testing, MYCOTOTAL, was evaluated with 10 reference strains in seven laboratories. Ready-to-use microtitration plates and the same synthetic medium were used with two dilutions of imidazoles, flucytosine, and amphotericin B, permitting the categorization of each strain as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant. The results were compared with the MIC for each reference strain, and the repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated. The yeasts tested presenting different patterns of susceptibilities in reference MICs included six strains of Candida albicans, two strains of Candida tropicalis, one strain of Candida parapsilosis, and one strain of Torulopsis glabrata. For 4,200 antifungal agent-yeast results, the repeatability was 99.3% and the reproducibility was 96.3%. The correlation between the reference MICs and the category results was 91.5% for seven laboratories (and 92.7% for six laboratories excluding the laboratory which did not follow exactly the same protocol). We observed only 7.9% minor discrepancies, 0.5% (0.29% for six laboratories) major discrepancies, and 0.1% uninterpretable results. The percentages of concording results were similar for each strain and each antifungal agent tested. The overall results indicated that MYCOTOTAL was a reliable and reproducible method, well correlated with reference MICs. This ready to-use micromethod with the same medium for all antifungal agents would be an important step in the necessary standardization of yeast susceptibility testing. PMID- 3235659 TI - Quality control of individual components used in Middlebrook 7H10 medium for mycobacterial susceptibility testing. AB - The acceptability of different lots of commercial components which constitute our basal medium for susceptibility testing of mycobacteria was evaluated. The basal medium consisted of Middlebrook 7H10 agar supplemented with 10% oleic acid albumin-dextrose-catalase and 0.5% glycerol. Studies were performed by using three separate microbiologic assays, and results were compared with parallel tests on previously standardized and acceptable lots of media. Components were rejected if comparison with standardized medium showed a major change in growth support or susceptibility status of any reference strain to any antimicrobial agent tested. Of the components tested in such a manner, 7 of 23 (30%) lots of 10% oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase, 2 of 13 (15%) lots of Middlebrook 7H10 agar, and 0 of 5 lots of glycerol were found to be unacceptable. This study demonstrates that individual lots of components of this basal medium may vary significantly in their suitability for susceptibility testing, and failure to detect such variation may dramatically affect susceptibility profiles. PMID- 3235660 TI - Edwardsiella tarda serotyping scheme for international use. AB - A combination of two systems for the serotyping of Edwardsiella tarda developed independently at the National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan, and the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., has enabled a single serotyping scheme comprising 61 O groups and 45 H antigens to be established for international use. PMID- 3235661 TI - Evaluation of the modified Bac-T-Screen and FiltraCheck-UTI urine screening systems for detection of clinically significant bacteriuria. AB - Previous evaluations of the Bac-T-Screen system (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) demonstrated excellent sensitivity with specimens from patients with clinically significant bacteriuria (including infections with small numbers of uropathogens) but poor specificity with specimens from noninfected patients. In the study reported here, the sensitivity and specificity of the Bac-T-Screen system with a modified decolorizing reagent were evaluated. A manual filtration system, FiltraCheck-UTI (Vitek Systems), for screening urine specimens, Gram stains of mixed urine specimens, and quantitative cultures were also evaluated. The test sensitivity for clinically significant bacteriuria was greater than 96% with the original Bac-T-Screen system as well as the modified system and the manual system. In comparison, the sensitivities of the Gram stains and quantitative cultures (greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml) were 82 and 77%, respectively. Of the 375 patients classified as noninfected by clinical parameters, 34% had positive screening tests with the original Bac-T-Screen system, as compared with 13 and 11% with the modified Bac-T-Screen and FiltraCheck-UTI systems, respectively. Thus, the modified Bac-T-Screen system and the manual FiltraCheck-UTI system have sensitives comparable to that of the original Bac-T-Screen system and markedly improved test specificities. PMID- 3235662 TI - Human immune response to botulinum pentavalent (ABCDE) toxoid determined by a neutralization test and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - To determine the immune status of persons receiving botulinum pentavalent (ABCDE) toxoid and to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine, we surveyed immunized individuals for neutralizing antibodies to type A and to type B botulinum toxins. After the primary series of three immunizations administered at 0, 2, and 12 weeks, 21 of 23 persons tested (91%) had a titer for type A that was greater than or equal to 0.08 international units (IU)/ml, and 18 (78%) had a titer for type B of greater than or equal to 0.02 IU/ml. (One international unit is defined as the amount of antibody neutralizing 10,000 mouse 50% lethal doses of type A or B botulinum toxin). Just before the first annual booster, 10 of 21 (48%) and 14 of 21 (67%) people lacked a detectable titer for type A and for type B, respectively. After the first booster, all individuals tested had a demonstrable titer to both types A and B. Of 77 persons who had previously received from one to eight boosts of the toxoid, 74 (96%) had an A titer of greater than or equal to 0.25 IU/ml and would not require an additional booster, according to the recommendations of the Centers for disease Control. However, only 44 of 77 (57%) had a B titer of greater than or equal to 0.25 IU/ml. In each group by booster number, even the group having had eight boosts, at least one person would require reimmunization on the basis of B titer. There was a wide range of antibody levels among individuals at the same point in the immunization scheme. Results from an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, with purified type A or type B neurotoxin as the capture antigen, were compared with neutralization test results on 186 serum samples for type A and 168 samples for type B. Statistically, the correlation coefficients for results from the two assays were high (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001, for type A and r = 0.77, P < 0.0001, for type B). However, due to the wide dispersion of values obtained, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results to predict neutralizing antibody levels is unwarranted. PMID- 3235663 TI - Improved selective medium for the isolation of Treponema hyodysenteriae. AB - An agar medium with improved selection for Treponema hyodysenteriae was developed. Cultures of T. hyodysenteriae and T. innocens, feces from 11 clinically normal pigs, and colonic contents from 6 pigs with gross lesions consistent with swine dysentery were diluted in phosphate-buffered saline and plated on Trypticase soy agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) with 5% citrated bovine blood (TSA), TSA with 400 micrograms of spectinomycin per ml (TSA-S400), TSA-S400 with 25 micrograms each of colistin and vancomycin per ml, and TSA with 5% pig feces extract and five antimicrobial agents (spiramycin, rifampin, vancomycin, colistin, and spectinomycin) (BJ). Viable numbers of T. hydodysenteriae grown on BJ were virtually identical to those for TSA, TSA-S400, and TSA-S400 with colistin and vancomycin. Pure cultures of four isolates of T. hyodysenteriae and three isolates of T. innocens were sustained through six subcultures on BJ. Fecal floras were completely inhibited on BJ for 14 of 17 fecal samples from both groups of pigs. A total of 461 colonic specimens from naturally occurring cases of porcine intestinal disease were plated on TSA-S400 and BJ. T. hyodysenteriae was isolated on both TSA-S400 and BJ for 69 specimens and on BJ alone for an additional 19 specimens. PMID- 3235664 TI - Annual incidence, epidemiology, and comparative in vitro susceptibilities to cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefmetazole, and ceftizoxime of recent community-acquired isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group. AB - The six species of the Bacteroides fragilis group are potent pathogens and commonly have different susceptibility patterns. We determined the relative annual isolation rate of anaerobic bacteria and the susceptibility of B. fragilis group species isolated during 1987 at two community hospitals. The relative frequencies of isolation of 261 strains were as follows: B. fragilis, 61%; B. thetaiotaomicron, 17%; B. distasonis, 7%; B. vulgatus, 6%; B. ovatus, 5%; and B. uniformis, 4%. A total of 234 recent clinical isolates were tested against cefmetazole, cefotetan, cefoxitin, ceftizoxime, clindamycin, imipenem, and piperacillin by a brucella agar dilution method. Imipenem was the most active agent tested with all but three isolates (two B. vulgatus and one B. distasonis) susceptible to less than 2 micrograms/ml. Of the cephalosporins tested, cefoxitin, cefotetan, and cefmetazole were relatively equal against B. fragilis, with 93 to 98% of strains susceptible to 32 micrograms/ml. Ceftizoxime was less active, with an MIC for 90% of strains tested of 128 micrograms/ml and only 75% of isolates susceptible to 32 micrograms/ml. Against B. ovatus, B. vulgatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. uniformis, cefoxitin showed a two- to threefold-superior activity compared with that of cefotetan and cefmetazole. In general, ceftizoxime was much less active, except against B. distasonis, for which 78% of isolates were susceptible to 32 micrograms/ml compared with 68% for cefoxitin, 19% for cefmetazole, and 16% for cefotetan. Clindamycin and piperacillin showed activity similar to that of cefoxitin, except piperacillin was less active versus B. vulgatus and B. distasonis. We therefore suggest that clinical laboratories determine the species of B. fragilis group isolates as well as perform susceptibility studies on the isolates. Clinicians should be aware that while B. fragilis is the most frequent isolate, 38% of isolates are from other, more resistant B. fragilis group species. PMID- 3235665 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype inaba. AB - Eighteen monoclonal antibodies were generated from mice immunized with Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Inaba. Reactivities of these antibodies were investigated by slide agglutination, microdilution agglutination, and passive hemagglutination tests. Although all antibodies reacted to the Inaba-type cells, reactivity to Ogawa cells showed some variation. These antibodies were roughly subdivided into three groups by slide agglutination tests and microdilution agglutination tests by using type-specific standard strains. The first group showed almost identical reactivities to both the Ogawa- and the Inaba-type cells, while the second group reacted to Inaba-type cells but only very weakly reacted to Ogawa-type cells. The third group reacted only to Inaba-type cells; no agglutination was observed for Ogawa-type cells in either the slide agglutination or the microdilution agglutination tests. Most of the third group showed cross-reactivity to Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica O9. Results of passive hemagglutination tests showed that all 18 antibodies were to the lipopolysaccharide of V. cholerae O1. PMID- 3235667 TI - Visual and clinical analysis of Bac-T-Screen urine screen results. AB - Of 337 urine specimens evaluated, 75 of the 113 that showed positive readings on the Bac-T-Screen urine-screening instrument were found by subsequent semiquantitative culture to yield either less than 10,000 CFU of mixed bacteria per ml or no growth (less than 100 CFU/ml by our criteria). We tried to determine what factors contributed to the positive Bac-T-Screen results by examining the 75 Bac-T-Screen-positive urine specimens with three visual methods: Gram staining, hemacytometer chamber counting, and filtering through a 5.0-microns-pore-size nitrocellulose filter with subsequent microscopic examination of the stained filter. Somatic cells and other particles present in those urine specimens that yielded positive readings by the Bac-T-Screen included epithelial cells in 43%, crystals and amorphous material in 33%, and leukocytes in 17% of the specimens. There was no relationship between the numbers of particles seen in urine and the magnitude of the relative absorbance reading obtained with the Bac-T-Screen. A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients with positive Bac-T-Screen results and negative cultures. Of the 75 patients, 6 were thought to have urinary tract infections on the basis of clinical criteria; the majority of the remaining 69 patients had clinical histories revealing systemic or urogenital conditions consistent with shedding of particles in the urine. A positive reading by the Bac T-Screen system seemed to be related to the presence of somatic cells and other particles in urine; bacteriuria was not always detectable in these cases. PMID- 3235666 TI - Characteristics of anti-Legionella antibodies in patients infected with Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 6, and 10. AB - Nosocomial infections with Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 and 10 in the Leiden University Hospital and infections with L. pneumophila serogroup 6 in neighboring hospitals gave us an opportunity to study the development of opsonizing antibodies against L. pneumophila serogroups 1, 6, and 10 in the serum of 13 patients. Seven of these patients were infected with L. pneumophila serogroup 1, two were infected with serogroup 6, and four were infected with serogroup 10. The opsonic cross-reactivity of antibodies against these serogroups of L. pneumophila and complement involvement in opsonization were also investigated. Convalescent-phase sera from patients infected with L. pneumophila serogroup 1 or 6 were able to promote ingestion of these serogroups by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, whereas ingestion of L. pneumophila serogroup 10 was enhanced only in the presence of convalescent-phase sera from patients infected with this serogroup. Opsonization of L. pneumophila serogroups 1, 6, and 10 was complement dependent. PMID- 3235668 TI - Detection of human immunodeficiency virus antigen in vitreous humor. AB - The vitreous humor from 11 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was obtained at postmortem examination and tested for human immunodeficiency virus antigen and antibody by using the Abbott enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures. Five patients had detectable antigen, supporting the recent observation that the virus may directly infect the retina. PMID- 3235669 TI - Achromobacter xylosoxidans (Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans) meningitis associated with a gunshot wound. AB - The microbiological and clinical features of a case of Achromobacter xylosoxidans (Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans) meningitis associated with a gunshot wound are described. To our knowledge, this is the third confirmed case report of meningitis caused by this organism. PMID- 3235670 TI - Characterization of staphylococci from patients with toxic shock syndrome. AB - Fifty staphylococcal strains that produced toxic shock syndrome (TSS) toxin 1 and that were isolated from patients with TSS were characterized. One strain had more properties that were characteristic of Staphylococcus hyicus than of Staphylococcus aureus. Forty-four strains had the same properties or differed in only one property. Thirty-five of the 50 strains produced either enterotoxin A or C or both in addition to TSS toxin 1. PMID- 3235671 TI - Evaluation of rapid, commercial latex techniques for serogrouping beta-hemolytic streptococci. AB - The clinical need to rapidly and correctly differentiate beta-hemolytic streptococci into Lancefield groups has prompted the development of commercially available rapid agglutination techniques. A modified Streptex (Wellcome Diagnostics, Research Triangle Park, N.C.) technique and the PathoDx latex Strep Grouping Kit (Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles, Calif.) technique were applied to 220 strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci that were serologically grouped by standard techniques. Agreements between standard and modified Streptex and PathoDx techniques were 99.1 and 100%, respectively. Modified Streptex produced a false-negative for one group G isolate and a weak positive reaction for a group G reagent with a nongroupable isolate. Sixty-five strains representative of bacteria that may be found in the posterior pharynx in concentrations high enough to cause potential reactions with antigen detection reagents were tested with Streptex and PathoDx reagents. No cross-reactions were observed with any reagent tested when challenged with these 65 strains. When combined with colonial morphology and hemolytic reaction, both modified Streptex and PathoDx were rapid, specific tests for identifying streptococci, with PathoDx being slightly faster. PMID- 3235672 TI - Time-resolved fluorometry for the identification of viral DNA in clinical specimens. AB - Time-resolved fluorometry was used for the detection of DNA probes labeled directly with europium (Eu3+) chelate. The sensitivity of this nonisotopic hybridization assay was 100 pg of homologous DNA. Equivalent results with reference tests were obtained in the detection of adenoviruses in clinical specimens. PMID- 3235673 TI - Evidence for a feline reservoir for dysgonic fermenter 2 keratitis. AB - A 78-year-old female developed microbial keratitis from which corneal scrapings grew dysgonic fermenter 2. The infection initially responded poorly to a combination of topical antibiotics and corticosteroids but healed with intensive antibiotic therapy. There was no systemic predisposition to infection, and only feline exposure had occurred. Close association with a cat probably contaminated the eye. PMID- 3235674 TI - Peritonitis caused by Pseudomonas mesophilica in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - We describe a case of recurrent peritonitis caused by Pseudomonas mesophilica in a diabetic man receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Stagnant water on a bath rail used for support by the patient while showering was implicated as the probable source of these infections. We believe this to be the first report of the isolation of this water-associated bacterium in such infections. PMID- 3235675 TI - Latex agglutination test for detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. AB - A resurgence of interest in Toxoplasma gondii has occurred because this coccidian parasite causes lethal infections in immunologically compromised hosts and is responsible for at least 3,000 congenitally infected infants in the United States annually. Thus, rapid, specific, and inexpensive serologic tests are required for routine screening of patients, especially pregnant women. We have developed a latex agglutination test for antibodies to T. gondii which utilizes covalently coupled T. gondii antigens. When compared with an indirect immunofluorescence assay, the latex test had a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100%. Compared with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the latex test had 86% sensitivity and 100% specificity. When testing samples which exhibited nonspecific polar staining by the immunofluorescence assay, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay had a 50% false-positive rate, whereas the latex agglutination test yielded no false positive results. Thus, the latex agglutination test provided an efficacious method for routine serological screening for antibodies to T. gondii. PMID- 3235676 TI - Experience with the use of pronase to eliminate interference factors in the latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen. AB - Cryptococcal antigen titers of 70 cerebrospinal fluid and 57 serum specimens from patients suspected of having cryptococcosis were determined both before and after treatment with pronase. Median titers of cerebrospinal fluid specimens before and after treatment were 128 and 128, respectively; mean geometric titers of these specimens before and after treatment were 102 and 204, respectively. Median titers of the serum specimens before and after treatment were 16 and 512, respectively; mean geometric titers of these specimens before and after treatment were 19 and 631, respectively. The modified latex agglutination test did not detect antigen in any of 50 cerebrospinal fluid and 51 serum specimens from patients not suspected of having cryptococcosis. These results suggest that the pronase modification increases the sensitivity of the latex agglutination test and that the modification be routinely incorporated into it. PMID- 3235677 TI - Evaluation of a commercial latex test for Clostridium difficile for reactivity with C. difficile and cross-reactions with other bacteria. AB - Seventy-eight species of bacteria (739 isolates) were tested for reactivity with a commercial latex test for Clostridium difficile. All noncytotoxic as well as cytotoxic strains of C. difficile reacted positively. Immuno-specific cross reactions were found only with C. sporogenes, proteolytic C. botulinum, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. PMID- 3235679 TI - A national medical care program: review and synthesis of past proposals. PMID- 3235678 TI - Comparison of sensitivities and specificities of latex agglutination and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus in African sera. AB - The sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values of the Cambridge BioScience Corp. (Worcester, Mass.) human immunodeficiency virus latex agglutination assay were compared by using three different blood preparations. By using the manufacturer's standard test method with diluted sera, the sensitivity of latex agglutination was 100%, the specificity was 99.58%, and the positive and negative predictive values were 99.26 and 100%, respectively. Use of diluted whole blood or undiluted whole blood did not significantly affect the sensitivity (mean, 99.72%), specificity (mean, 99.47%), positive predictive value (mean, 99.07%), or negative predictive value (mean, 99.89%). The latex agglutination assay is a simple, rapid assay for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus that would be useful in Third World countries or other areas where enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are not available or cannot be used. PMID- 3235681 TI - Research agendas on international trade in alcohol. PMID- 3235680 TI - Infant mortality in Europe: implications for the United States. Statement to the National Commission to Prevent Infant Mortality. PMID- 3235683 TI - Occupational safety and health legislative agenda, 1989. Council on Occupational and Environmental Health, National Association for Public Health Policy. PMID- 3235682 TI - Restructuring and accelerating the development of the Soviet health service: preliminary observations and recommendations. PMID- 3235684 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome: legislation urgently needed. PMID- 3235686 TI - Radioimmunoassay of trospiumchloride, a quaternary tropane derivative. AB - A specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for the determination of picogram amounts of trospiumchloride, an anticholinergic agent, from unpurified serum and urine samples. Practically no interference was observed for various potential crossreacting compounds tested. The method is sensitive and excellent values for accuracy, precision and correlation were obtained. PMID- 3235685 TI - A highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay of caerulein, an analogue of cholecystokinin-8. AB - A highly specific and sensitive competitive radioimmunoassay was developed for caerulein (CLN), an analogue of cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8), in plasma and brain. Antiserum was produced in rabbit by immunization with N delta-[CLN-(1-6)] ornithine amide conjugated with bovine serum albumin by the glutaraldehyde method. N alpha-[CLN-(1-6)]-lysine amide was labelled with 125I-Bolton & Hunter reagent and used as a labelled antigen after purification by high-performance liquid chromatography. This assay was highly specific for CLN, and cross reactivities for other related peptides, CCK-4, CCK-8, gastrin-I, and gastrin-(14 17), were not observed (less than 0.01%). The limits of determination in biological specimens after CLN administration were 11 pg/ml in human plasma and rat plasma and 80 pg/g in rat brain. This study showed that the slight structure difference between hapten and 125I-labelled antigen is important to the assay performance. PMID- 3235687 TI - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody that binds to apolipoprotein E and to lipoprotein of human plasma containing apo E. Applications to ELISA quantification of plasma apo E. AB - This study describes the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human apolipoprotein E (apo E). A mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody named E01 against apolipoprotein E was selected from five antibodies secreted by hybridomas. This antibody had a high affinity for apo E [K = 1.2 x 10(7) L.M-1 for purified apo E and K = 1.05 x 10(7) L.M-1 for native apo E in very low density lipoproteins) in liquid phase and recognized every isoform of apo E but not other proteins in VLDL. Competition experiments with 125I apo E showed that its binding affinity for the E in every density class (VLDL, HDL, LDL) and in serum was the same. This antibody was used for the quantification of human apo E in serum by enzyme linked immunoassay. E01 was coated on microtiter plates and a polyclonal peroxidase-conjugate was used as second antibody. A good correlation was observed between the values obtained for apo E using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. PMID- 3235688 TI - A quantitative nitrocellulose enzyme immunoassay and its application to the screening of hybridomas for the detection of uncharacterized tumor-associated antigens in sera of cancer patients. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on nitrocellulose based microtiter plates for the detection of uncharacterized tumor associated antigens in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cancer patients' sera is described. Nitrocellulose microtiter plates are more sensitive than the plastic plates of polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride for the detection of antigens in serum. Monoclonal antibodies were selected for their net reactivities toward cancer patients' sera as compared to normal sera. Sera from benign liver and kidney disease patients and activated human peripheral blood leukocyte supernatant were used to reduce potential false positives toward inflammatory and benign diseases. Using this system, fourteen antibodies were selected out of over eight hundred antibodies for their potential serodiagnostic application. PMID- 3235689 TI - Development of a single reagent polarisation fluoroimmunoassay for the detection of opiates in urine. AB - The design, development, and optimisation of a simple polarisation fluoroimmunoassay to detect the opiate group of drugs, in urine, is described. Urine (10 microL) is added to 1.5 mL of a single reagent, prepared by mixing ovine anti-opiate serum with fluorescein-labelled morphine. After incubation for 30 min at 30 degrees C, or 60 min at room temperature, fluorescence polarisation is measured. The assay can be used as a "stat" test or automated for large batch screening and detects the commonly abused opiates, heroin (through its metabolite morphine), codeine, and dihydrocodeine. PMID- 3235690 TI - The investigation of neurotic fears: transcript of a seminar. PMID- 3235691 TI - The modification of human food aversions: a preliminary study. AB - Food aversions in normal adult humans are quite common, but they rarely present a clinical problem. The present report describes the modification of food aversions in a series of adults. The strategy used was simple in vivo graded exposure, with modelling and verbal reinforcement. The success of the strategy suggests that human food aversions are modifiable with relatively simple techniques. PMID- 3235692 TI - An inventory to measure knowledge of behavioral methods with inpatient adults. AB - A 44-item multiple choice inventory designed to assess the knowledge of hospital staff in the use of behavioral methods with adult psychiatric inpatients is described. Data are presented to demonstrate adequate internal consistency, temporal stability and validity. Potential uses and limitations of the inventory are discussed. PMID- 3235693 TI - Use of a portable computer program to assist behavioral treatment in a case of obsessive compulsive disorder. AB - This case study describes the development and use of a portable computer program to assist in behavioral treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. A 58-year-old female with a 37-year history of compulsive checking rituals, who had mild improvement following 36 months of standard behavioral techniques and pharmacotherapy, showed improved compliance with behavioral treatments of exposure and response prevention following use of the portable computer program. Computer records indicated marked reductions in frequency of checking rituals and a 91-week follow-up indicated that treatment effects were maintained at home where the patient had resumed using the laptop computer. She had stopped using the pocket computer outside the home, and there her checking rituals had returned to baseline levels. PMID- 3235694 TI - An automatic prompting instrument to increase task-related responding in low functioning individuals. AB - The present study was aimed at developing and assessing an automatic prompting instrument with three multihandicapped students who showed breaks in performance. The effects of the instrument were compared with the effects of manual prompting with simple tasks involving locomotion. The results indicated that manual and instrument prompting were both successful in reducing the amount of time spent in breaks. The effects of the instrument were replicated within subjects. The same effects were still visible during a follow-up assessment. The reliability and durability of those effects as well as the practical implications of automatic prompting are discussed. PMID- 3235696 TI - An inventory to measure medical staff knowledge of behavioral methods with pediatric pain patients. AB - An inventory is described for assessing medical staffs' knowledge of behavioral methods with pediatric pain patients. It was adapted from a measure designed by Sanders and Webster (1982) for use with nurses treating adult chronic pain patients. The modified inventory was administered to three groups of medical staff: (a) pediatric residents, (b) pediatric nurses and (c) medical students. A series of analyses provided data supporting the psychometric integrity of the inventory. The measure successfully discriminated trained from untrained staff. The utility of the instrument for staff assessment and development is discussed. PMID- 3235695 TI - Training social interpersonal skills in two autistic children. AB - Two children, a 10-year-old girl and a 9-year-old boy both of whom were autistic and mentally retarded and one of whom was also hyperactive, were treated for social skill deficits. Targets of treatment were refraining from perseveration, appropriate affect, appropriate content of speech, appropriate sitting, and eye contact. Training included modeling, instructions, performance feedback, role playing, rehearsal, and tangible and social reinforcers. A multiple baseline within subjects and across behaviors design was employed. Marked improvements were noted soon after treatment was implemented. The significance of these effects and their implications for future research are discussed. PMID- 3235698 TI - Summation of arousal in partial fetishism. AB - A summation model of classical conditioning was used to describe the deviant sexual arousal pattern of a male psychiatric patient. Penile assessment showed a response to a compound stimulus (radio static plus a picture of a woman) that was approximately equal to the sum of the responses to each component alone. The subject's self-report of sexual arousal followed a similar pattern. A distinction was made between total and partial fetishism. It was suggested that what may be particularly troublesome in partial fetishism is the potential for high levels of summated arousal. PMID- 3235697 TI - Functional analysis and treatment of bizarre speech. AB - Contingencies maintaining the bizarre speech of a 29-year-old woman with mild mental retardation and schizophrenia were analysed. Bizarre vocalizations occurred most frequently during demand conditions and least frequently during one to-one interaction with attention contingent upon appropriate vocalizations. Treatment conditions derived from the assessment consisted of guided compliance and ignoring plus contingent attention. Treatment effects generalized to direct care staff in day and residential settings. Analysis of the variables controlling bizarre speech facilitated development of interventions that were predominantly positive in nature, based on the specific and unique controlling behavior environment interactions, and that were teachable to the direct-care staff. PMID- 3235699 TI - Eliminating chronic thumb sucking by preventing a covarying response. AB - Thumb sucking in childhood frequently accompanies such other behaviors as holding or manipulating favored objects. This study evaluated the effects on thumb sucking of preventing doll holding in a five-year-old girl who chronically sucked her thumb while holding a doll. A withdrawal (ABAB) experimental design revealed that preventing doll holding eliminated thumb sucking. The results of the study show that preventing a covariant can be an effective, efficient method of controlling thumb sucking. PMID- 3235700 TI - Childhood trichotillomania treated indirectly by punishing thumb sucking. AB - Trichotillomania was treated in a developmentally normal three-year-old by punishing thumb sucking. A behavioral analysis indicated a chain of behaviors that began with hair pulling and terminated in thumb sucking. The parents punished the thumb sucking by applying a bad tasting substance to the thumb. Both hair pulling and thumb sucking were rapidly eliminated. The child remained symptom free at 40 month follow-up. This study represents the third time trichotillomania has been treated in a preschooler indirectly by targeting finger sucking as the behavior to change. The significance of treating trichotillomania indirectly is discussed. PMID- 3235701 TI - Hydroxydesipramine in the elderly. AB - Elevation of the hydroxy metabolites of the tricyclic antidepressants in the elderly has been demonstrated for nortriptyline and suggested for desipramine by a study reporting elevated hydroxydesipramine (OH-DMI) plasma levels in four older patients. In the current study, patients treated with desipramine (DMI) were studied to determine whether OH-DMI was elevated in two larger samples of depressed elderly patients and to determine the magnitude of the increase, if present. In Sample I, which consisted of 68 patients of whom 23 were over 60 years of age, a fixed target dose of DMI was employed. Sample II, in which 20 of the 56 patients were over 60, received a dose adjusted to attain a fixed target DMI blood level. OH-DMI levels were higher in patients over 60 than in younger patients but the differences were not significant in either sample individually. In the two samples combined, average OH-DMI levels were 11 ng/ml higher in patients over 60 and the difference was significant (t = 2.30, p = 0.02). If variations in dose are accounted for, OH-DMI concentrations are positively correlated with age in both samples. OH-DMI/DMI ratios were not higher in the patients over 60 in these samples, but OH-DMI/DMI ratios may be higher in patients on lower doses with low DMI levels, as is common in the treatment of elderly patients. If comparable dosage is administered, nonlinear increases in DMI levels result in lower OH-DMI/DMI ratios similar to those in younger patients. Although our findings of elevated hydroxy levels in the elderly are consistent with prior reports, the clinical importance of an 11 ng/ml difference, particularly in relation to total drug levels averaging 220 ng/ml, is questioned. PMID- 3235702 TI - Atypical withdrawal syndrome (organic delusional syndrome) secondary to oxycodone detoxification. PMID- 3235704 TI - Marijuana and Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3235703 TI - Agitation associated with dementia: neuroleptic malignant syndrome and fatal outcome in an 84-year-old man. PMID- 3235705 TI - Persistence of neuroleptic drugs in plasma and body tissue. PMID- 3235706 TI - Esophageal intelligibility training: back consonants and clusters. AB - Seven esophageal speakers recorded multiple choice intelligibility lists loaded with words beginning with +BACK consonants and clusters. (A third of the items began with -BACK consonants and clusters). After recording several lists, they played them back and scored them, noting their errors for independent practice. After eight sessions (four weeks) of practice, prepractice and postpractice recordings were randomized and presented to a group of naive listeners. The group scores for the +BACK words improved significantly from prepractice to postpractice (84.1% to 90.6%). The average gain per session for +BACK practice was 0.81%, a result that was in close agreement with prior research. The average gain for the less-practiced -BACK items was 0.46%. PMID- 3235707 TI - Spectral noise level measurements used to track voice improvement in one patient. AB - In this report we present one example of the utilization of an acoustic measurement to aid in describing voice roughness objectively in a clinical context. Vowel spectral noise level (SNL) and fundamental voice frequency (F0) measurements were acquired for five sustained vowels produced by one patient having bilateral vocal fold nodules. The measurements were obtained at specific time intervals while the patient underwent voice therapy. Clinically observed changes over the course of therapy included an improvement in perceived voice quality, a general reduction in vowel SNL, and an increase in vowel F0. These observations were accompanied by visually detected laryngeal tissue changes. The results suggest that acoustic SNL measurements can be employed clinically to verify and support perceptual judgments of voice quality. PMID- 3235708 TI - Comparison of ratings of four artificial larynges. AB - Fifty-six tape-recorded readings of the "Rainbow Passage" were played to 29 naive listeners for judgments regarding acceptability of artificial larynx speech. Both intraoral and neck-type devices were used, with comparisons among brands of particular interest. The Cooper-Rand, orally adapted Servox, AT&T 5 C, and the neck Servox were used in eliciting speech samples from 14 male esophageal speakers. Listeners rated acceptability using a seven-point equal-appearing interval scale. All devices were rated similar in fluency acceptability, inflection, and overall communicative effectiveness. Speaking rates were judged more acceptable with the oral Servox and least acceptable with the Cooper-Rand. Pitch/quality was more acceptable with intraoral devices than with neck devices, with the oral Servox rated highest. Clinical implications regarding the perceptual findings are discussed, with information about specific brands provided for patient counseling. PMID- 3235709 TI - The experiential effect of kindergarten on Bankson Language Screening Test performance. AB - This investigation examined the effect of kindergarten experience on the performance of two groups of children on the Bankson Language Screening Test. One group of children was tested at the beginning of their kindergarten experience and a second group was tested five months later. Performance of the two groups on the Bankson was determined to be significantly different, independent of age. The different performance pattern for each group is described as well as the possible implications. There may be a need for different sets of language test norms for children with kindergarten experience and for children without this experience. PMID- 3235710 TI - Concurrent validity of the Bracken Basic Concept Scale with language and intelligence measures. AB - The present study compared results obtained for 62 normally developing preschool children on the Bracken Basic Concept Scale, the Preschool Language Scale, and the Slossen Intelligence Test to determine whether scores on the tests correlated and were equivalent. Results of correlation analyses using standard scores from the Bracken Basic Concept Scale, the auditory comprehension and verbal ability subscales of the Preschool Language Scale, and the Slossen Intelligence Test revealed low to moderate correlations between the three tests. These results suggest that the tests do not measure the same abilities and thus cannot be used interchangeably to evaluate basic concept development, language, or intellectual functioning in preschool children. The moderate to high correlations found between the children's CAs and age-equivalents for the three tests indicate that the tests measure skills that are developmental in nature. Implications for assessment of concept development and language functioning in preschool children are discussed. PMID- 3235711 TI - Social networks and the functional health status of the poor: a secondary analysis of data from the National Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences. AB - This study uses data from the Wave I of the National Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences (N = 3025) to examine the relationship between social networks and the health status of the poor. No single category of networks was found to be consistently predictive of health status among the poor. The number of close friends, satisfaction with number of close ties, frequency of contact with network ties and church attendance were all significantly related to health status, but in no case were sufficient to bring health status levels of the poor up to the level of the nonpoor. PMID- 3235712 TI - Evaluation of primary health services: the provider perspective. AB - This study proposes a strategy for the evaluation of the quality of primary health services based on the provider's satisfaction with the service. In the area of health sciences only a few studies have inquired into the factors contributing to provider satisfaction. The present study tested the hypothesis that expectation regarding availability of services as well as the self-image as a provider of care and the assessment of a provider-patient relationship are major determinants of provider satisfaction. This hypothesis is derived from job satisfaction studies as well as from research on patient satisfaction. All general physicians, pediatricians, nurses, pharmacists and administrators working in 17 primary clinics in Israel were interviewed, in their clinics, by appointment (n = 147), using structured questionnaires which were especially designed for this study. Seventy-four percent of the team members stated that they were "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with the service they provide in the clinics. Overall satisfaction was significantly lower among doctors and pharmacists. The most important predictor of satisfaction is the assessment of adequacy of time devoted to patients. Only one third of the team members stated that the amount of time devoted for examination, treatment or conversation is as great as they would wish. The finding suggests that team members understand that the lack of availability of services and equipment, and lack of opportunities to meet with peers, as well as alien and cold relationships with patients, are all likely to bring about deterioration in their normative professional behavior. PMID- 3235713 TI - Friendly visiting as a means of informing homebound senior citizens of health related community services. AB - Health-related community services designed for the senior population include delivered and congregate meals, visiting health-aides and nurses, adult day care and telephone and postal checks. Friendly visiting programs may prove helpful in informing homebound senior citizens of these health-related community services. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of friendly visiting as a means of informing homebound senior citizens of health-related community services. Visited homebound seniors were contrasted with homebound controls. Visiting occurred in two forms. One group received visitors from an ongoing friendly visiting program (VISITING AS IS) in their community and a second group received visitors who were specifically trained to convey community referral information (REACH). A control group received no visiting of any kind. All three groups were administered pre- and post-interviews asking their knowledge of eight community services. At the end of the twelve week program, the post-interview means of the two homebound visited groups did differ significantly from the mean of the unvisited controls when contrasts were made using pre interview scores as the covariate, F(2,78) = 8.19 (p less than .05). The homebound senior citizens visited by the REACH visitors increased their knowledge of services significantly more than the homebound seniors contacted by VISITING AS IS visitors F(1,52) = 7.20 (p less than .01). While the simple act of being visited did lead to increased knowledge at the .05 level, trained visitors were able to convey such information to a greater degree (p less than .01). Awareness of community services can be effectively transmitted by friendly visitors and improved when a program is implemented to train the visitors to meet his goal. PMID- 3235714 TI - Time accounting in community medicine education. AB - This paper describes the approach used by the Department of Community Medicine of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in the formulation of personnel time requirements for undergraduate medical education. The results presented reveal that the two required undergraduate courses utilize a total of 5627 hours of faculty and support staff time. Implications of this method are discussed for program budgeting in medical education and the use of various course methods (e.g., lecture, seminar, tutorial). PMID- 3235715 TI - The religious community as a partner in health care. AB - In-depth structured interviews were conducted with spokespeople for 176 inner city churches regarding perceptions of existing community problems, number of currently offered church-based social and health programs, and potential interest in church sponsorship of new maternal and child health programs. The sample of respondents represented 78% of the 227 churches located in a low-income, primarily black urban area with 150,000 residents. The typical church participating in the survey was Baptist with a congregation of 100 to 500 people, most of whom were not community residents. The leading community problems identified by the clergy were, in descending order: lack of jobs, teenage pregnancy, gang crime, school drop-outs, and hunger. The perception of community problems matched the church services offered as measured by the number of food and clothing pantries. Few churches had ongoing programs for neighborhood youths. Although many of these same churches expressed interest in expanding services for mothers, adolescents and children, few perceived themselves as having the necessary staff, funds, or technical expertise to conduct such programs. PMID- 3235716 TI - Cardiovascular and metabolic responses during growth hormone treatment of lactating sheep. AB - Pituitary-derived bovine growth hormone (bGH) was administered to six lactating Friesland ewes for 7 d. There was no consistent galactopoietic response, with changes in milk yield varying from 0 to 33% during treatment compared with the pretreatment period. The major effect of bGH on the concentration of milk constituents was to increase fat by 14.2% (P less than 0.05). Treatment resulted in significant increases in arterial plasma concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I and glucose, with decreases in the plasma arterial concentrations of acetate and certain amino acids. There was a marked reduction in haematocrit and in haemoglobin concentration which took at least 3 d to recover. The arterio-venous difference across the mammary gland decreased for O2 during treatment and the veno-arterial difference for CO2 decreased after treatment. Mammary respiratory quotient therefore decreased significantly after bGH treatment. The results suggest that bGH exerts effects at a number of separate loci. PMID- 3235717 TI - Milk production in concurrently pregnant and lactating goats mated out of season. AB - Five lactating goats which had kidded normally in March were mated during seasonal anoestrus in May, at the time of peak milk production, after ovulation had been induced using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (Knight et al. 1988). Milk yield was unaffected by the hormone treatment, and decreased at the same rate as that of control (non-pregnant) goats for the first 8 weeks of the pregnancy. Thereafter yield declined more quickly in the test goats and just before parturition (in October) was 57% of the control value. Following parturition in the test animals, yield rose rapidly as the second lactation was established. None became 'dry' at any stage. Yield continued to decline with advancing lactation in the controls, which were mated normally in October or November and dried-off in December. During their second ('extra') lactation in the winter the test animals produced 12% less than in a normal second lactation in summertime; during the year the extra lactation meant that the test animals produced 73% more milk than the controls. In some, a second concurrent pregnancy was established during the extra lactation, with the result that three lactations were obtained in the time normally taken for two. Mammary cell number and proliferation rate were both higher in the pregnant animals than in the controls in week 23 of the first lactation. PMID- 3235718 TI - Oxygen concentration in milk of healthy and mastitic cows and implications of low oxygen tension for the killing of Staphylococcus aureus by bovine neutrophils. AB - The partial pressure of O2 in milk from normal cows and from cows with mastitis was measured and the concentrations of O2 calculated. Oxygen levels of milk from normal cows were similar to those in venous plasma, but inflammation of the mammary gland led to a dramatic drop in O2 concentration to less than 10% of control values. Intracellular survival of Staphylococcus aureus strain M60 in bovine neutrophils was greater under anaerobic than aerobic conditions. The implications of low O2 concentrations in milk from infected mammary glands for the bactericidal activity of bovine neutrophils is discussed. PMID- 3235719 TI - Assessment of different selective agar media for enumeration and isolation of Listeria from dairy products. AB - Different selective agar media were compared for the recovery and isolation of five species of Listeria from raw milk and cheese. The selective media examined were Beerens medium, MacBride medium and that described by Dominguez et al. (1984) with 6 mg/l acriflavine, listeria selective agar medium (LSAM), and LSAM with 12 mg/l acriflavine (LSAM X 2A); a non-selective yeast glucose Lemco agar was included for comparison. When the difference between listeria and the natural microflora of raw milk and cheese was 10(2) cfu/ml, listeria could be isolated by direct plating on all media tested. When it was lower than 10(3)-10(4) cfu/ml, listeria were isolated by direct plating only on LSAM and LSAM X 2A. When the difference was greater than 10(4) cfu/ml, a previous enrichment was necessary to isolate them. LSAM and LSAM X 2A media performed better than the other media tested for isolating listeria by direct plating and improved their isolation from dairy products. This superior performance was evaluated by the ability of these media to support colony formation of different species of Listeria tested, the easy recognition of these colonies from those formed by other microorganisms and by their capacity to inhibit the natural microflora of these foods. PMID- 3235720 TI - Use of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase to detect teat canal inflammations. PMID- 3235721 TI - The impact of cultural changes on the internal experience of the adolescent. AB - This paper examines the impact on adolescence of major cultural changes brought about by the advent of television, the combined threat of Nuclear War and Aids and changes in social values and family structures. The main thesis is that the volume and pace of these contemporary changes have an unsettling effect on internal experience and create conditions in society that replicate those that give rise to the development of narcissistic disturbance in early childhood development. Narcissism is seen as central in adolescence and inadequately modulated in the prevailing "culture of narcissism". An example is given of such disturbance in a young man. The relevance of psychoanalysis as a body of knowledge and as an activity concerned with self and object relatedness is discussed, followed by an illustration of psychoanalysis in practice in a therapeutic community for adolescents, Peper Harow. PMID- 3235722 TI - "It is your decision!" Behavioural effects of a student-centred health education model at school for adolescents. AB - Since traditional health education commonly does not affect behaviour, an alternative, consistent student-centred method was developed. Health issues and health-enhancing activities were determined by the students themselves. The students--15-16-year-olds--participated in six 1-hour sessions, three in small groups and three individually. A quasi-experimental pre-/post-control group evaluation was carried out. Fifty-one students made up the experimental group and 47 students the control group. Statistically significant differences in favour of the experimental group were obtained with respect to clarification of individual health issues, reported health-enhancing activities and self-esteem. A tendency in the same direction was found with respect to internal locus of control. Most health-enhancing activities reported by the experimental students had not been treated during the educational sessions. Hence, the intervention seemed to have developed the capability of the students to improve their health by means of starting health-enhancing actions on their own. PMID- 3235723 TI - Resisting the stigma of incest: an experiment in personal construct psychotherapy. AB - This paper describes a psychotherapeutic attempt to help an adolescent girl, incestuously assaulted by her father for over a decade, rebuild a satisfactory sense of self and escape to some degree the debilitating and stigmatizing effects of her experience. The course of events described was primarily determined by the young woman's own sense of what she needed from psychotherapy but was also informed by the theoretical framework of Personal Construct Theory. In terms of methodology the paper is a personal account of a personal experience and draws on a narrative rather than experimental tradition in clinical psychology. The paper ends with an uncertain picture of outcome and prognosis with which most clinicians will be familiar. PMID- 3235724 TI - Ethnicity as a mediating variable of early adolescent identity development. AB - The variables of race/ethnicity, sex and grade were examined as potential mediating factors of early adolescent identity development. The EOM-EIS was administered to 367 middle-school students in an urban southwestern setting. Results provided evidence that the EOM-EIS is an appropriate instrument for use with this age sample. Additionally, females and older students were found to be more developmentally sophisticated than other groups. Finally, ethnic minorities were found to be significantly more foreclosed than their non-minority counterparts. As the school was a mandatory desegregation site, implications of school desegregation were discussed. PMID- 3235725 TI - Ego identity: developmental differences and experimental substance use among adolescents. AB - A total of 12,988 adolescents completed a questionnaire which assessed experience with cigarettes, inhalants, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and level of ego identity (EOM-EIS). Discriminant analyses of substance use, across the achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, and diffusion identity statuses, yielded significant functions for each grade comparison (7th to 12th). Frequencies of experience for diffused respondents were consistently higher than estimates for the achieved and moratorium respondents; and, foreclosed adolescents reported the lowest frequency of experience. Diffused adolescents were about twice as likely to have tried cigarettes and alcohol, three times as likely to have tried marijuana, four times as likely to have tried inhalants, and five times as likely to have used cocaine than their foreclosed peers. The achieved, moratorium, and unclassified respondents reported frequencies of experience that fell between the two extreme groups. Implications for identifying adolescents "at risk", and tailoring prevention/intervention efforts to address developmental differences are addressed. PMID- 3235726 TI - Anorexia, psychoanalysis, and feminism: fantasy and reality. AB - Two distinct trends inform current psychoanalytic and feminist approaches to anorexia: one focuses on its roots in the fantasy, the other in the reality of childhood and adolescent deprivation and abuse. In outlining these two approaches, this article shows how both increasingly attend to the place of the mother to the neglect of the father in the genesis of anorexia--a shift of perspective somewhat redressed by systemic family therapy. PMID- 3235727 TI - Eco-systemic analysis of anorexia nervosa. AB - Aspects of the eco-systemic approach were used to provide a framework for the understanding of anorexia nervosa and were empirically tested by comparing 30 anorexics and their parents to 34 matched control subjects and their parents. The theoretical model employed was an adaptation of Conger's Ecological-Systems approach which was based on the principles of Bronfenbrenner's theory of human development. The subjects were compared on selected variables arising from the individual, parent, family, and community systems using (a) the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), (b) the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB), (c) the Family Environment Scale (FES), and (d) the Pattison Psychological Inventory (PPI). Discriminant analysis revealed that the Affiliation score (SASB) for the anorexic and the control subjects and the Psychopathic Deviancy score (CPI-Clinical) of the mothers of the anorexics and the controls were the variables which contributed most to the discrimination between the groups. With the Affiliation and the Psychopathic Deviancy scores alone, it was possible to correctly classify 87.5 per cent of the research subjects. Analyses also showed statistically significant results at the individual, parent, and family levels. Interactions within the family, as perceived by the anorexics, were characterized by overprotection and control by the mothers, while the anorexics themselves responded with significantly less affiliation to both their mothers and their fathers. The mothers of the anorexics also viewed their daughters as being less friendly in the relationship. The families of the anorexics were less supportive, helpful, and committed to each other than were the families of the control subjects as measured by the FES. PMID- 3235728 TI - Growth-enhancing supplements for various species of the genus Bifidobacterium. AB - Various biological materials were tested for their growth-promoting activity of several bifidobacterial species in a synthetic medium containing ample sources of inorganic salts, vitamins, nitrogen, and carbon. It was found that only Bifidobacterium adolescentis and B. longum (ATCC 15708) grew optimally or near optimally in the synthetic medium. All the other bifidobacteria tested grew optimally only in the synthetic medium supplemented with a growth promoter. The best growth promoters for all bacteria were bovine casein digest and yeast extract rather than human milk whey. Other growth promoters, including human and bovine milk wheys, hog gastric mucin, and bovine serum albumin digest were effective with some bacterial species but not with others. Bifidobacteria also grew well when the bovine casein digest (20 mg/ml) was used as the nitrogen source. Only the yeast extract was able to improve growth under these circumstances. The nature of these growth factors has not yet been determined. PMID- 3235729 TI - Sodium-dependent L-lactate uptake by bovine intestinal brush border membrane vesicles. AB - In ruminants, intestinal digesta can contain considerable amounts of lactic acid derived from ingestion of lactic acid-containing feed and from production of lactic acid during ruminal digestion of readily fermentable carbohydrates. The aim of the present study was to investigate L-lactate transport across the bovine intestinal brush border membrane. The experiments were performed using isolated brush border membrane vesicles from the midjejunum of heifers. The results demonstrate the existence of Na+-stimulated L-lactate uptake by the brush border membrane vesicles. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate strongly inhibited Na+ dependent L-lactate transport. Acetate caused a 58% inhibition, whereas propionate and butyrate completely inhibited Na+-dependent uptake. Kinetic evaluation of L-lactate uptake in the presence or absence of extravesicular butyrate suggests a competitive inhibition by butyrate. Among the phenolic acids tested in this study only trans-cinnamic acid caused a significant reduction of L lactate uptake, whereas cumaric acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid only slightly reduced L-lactate transport. Thus, the L-lactate transporter appears to have some affinity for transcinnamic acid. PMID- 3235730 TI - Iodine concentrations in milk of dairy cattle fed various amounts of iodine as ethylenediamine dihydroiodide. AB - Due to concerns about high I in milk, the dairy industry has proposed a voluntary standard of 500 micrograms of I/L as the maximum allowable I in milk sold for processing and human consumption. This study was undertaken to determine the amount of ethylenediamine dihydroiodide that could be fed to dairy cattle without exceeding this standard. Various amounts (0 to 45 mg/head per d) of the I compound were fed to a commercial dairy herd for 50 wk. Individual and bulk milk samples were analyzed for total iodine. Milk I in herd bulk milk was directly correlated (r = .92) with the amounts fed. However, the correlation of milk I of individual cows was not as high (r = .66), indicating some individual variation in metabolism and secretion of the I into the mammary gland. Milk production and number of lactations did not correlate with I in milk. Regression analysis indicated that 25 to 30 mg of ethylenediamine dihydroiodide per day can be fed to dairy cattle receiving a diet otherwise low in I without exceeding a 500 micrograms concentration in milk. PMID- 3235731 TI - Metabolism of DL-methionine and methionine analogs by rumen microorganisms. AB - Rates of degradation of DL-methionine and a number of methionine derivatives by rumen microorganisms were studied in vitro. Methionine hydroxy analog, the ammonium salt, and the amide derivative of methionine hydroxy analog were degraded more slowly than was methionine. Methyl and ethyl esters of methionine hydroxy analog were rapidly converted to methionine hydroxy analog, which was then degraded. Whole rumen contents were separated into protozoal and bacterial fractions, and rates of disappearance of [14C]carboxyl-labeled methionine and methionine hydroxy analog were determined. Disappearance of the label tended to be slower in the bacterial fraction; however, incorporation into cellular material tended to be higher for the bacterial than for the protozoal fraction. Disappearance of labeled methionine hydroxy analog was slower than labeled methionine in all fractions. Addition of unlabeled methionine inhibited disappearance of labeled methionine hydroxy analog, but unlabeled methionine hydroxy analog did not affect disappearance of labeled methionine. The effect of either Na2SO4, methionine, or methionine hydroxy analog on neutral detergent fiber digestion was related to amount of sulfur in the medium and not source of sulfur. PMID- 3235732 TI - Ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate for prevention of parturient paresis in dairy cows. AB - Forty-eight Holstein cows with two or more previous lactations and no history of parturient paresis were randomly assigned to one of four prepartum diets in a 2 x 2 factorial design to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with ammonium salts and Ca intake on serum Ca concentrations at calving. Four diets provided either 53 g total dietary Ca/d or 105 g Ca/d and were either supplemented with ammonium salts [100 g/d each of NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4] or unsupplemented. Anion-cation balance of the diets, calculated as milliequivalents (Na + K)--(Cl + S), was -75 meq/kg DM with ammonium salts and +189 meq/kg DM without ammonium salts. Experimental diets were fed from 21 d prior to expected parturition until calving. Calcium intake during the feeding period did not affect the incidence of parturient paresis or serum concentrations of ionized Ca at calving. The incidence of parturient paresis was 4% with and 17% without the ammonium salts. Cows fed diets containing ammonium salts had higher serum ionized and total Ca concentrations at parturition. Serum concentrations of Mg, P, Na, K, and Cl on the day of parturition were unaffected by dietary treatment. PMID- 3235733 TI - Evaluation of calcium lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal as a source of rumen protected protein for dairy cattle. AB - Four Holstein cows fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulae were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to measure ruminal protein degradation and small intestinal digestion of diets containing untreated soybean meal or soybean meal treated with heat and either water, xylose, or calcium lignosulfonate. Diets consisting of 40% corn silage, 10% alfalfa cubes, and 50% grain mix, and averaging 16.8% crude protein (DM basis) were fed four times daily. Approximately 50% of the total dietary protein was supplied by the respective soybean meal source. Ruminal protein degradation was 70.6, 69.6, 55.8, and 53.7% for diets containing untreated soybean meal, water-soybean meal, xylose-soybean meal, and calcium lignosulfonate-soybean meal, respectively. Duodenal non-NH3 N flow (g/d) and absorption of non-NH3 N (g/d) in the small intestine were generally not affected by treatment. Duodenal bacterial N flow (g/d) was lower with xylose soybean meal and lignosulfonate-soybean meal than with untreated soybean meal. Treatment of soybean meal with xylose or calcium lignosulfonate was successful in decreasing ruminal protein degradation. However, it may be necessary to include a source of readily fermentable N in diets that contain protected proteins in order to supply adequate NH3 N for microbial protein synthesis. PMID- 3235734 TI - In situ digestion kinetics and ruminal turnover rates of normal and brown midrib mutant sorghum x sudangrass hays fed to nonlactating Holstein cows. AB - Four nonlactating Holstein cows were fed all-forage diets, consisting of two brown midrib mutant sorghum x sudangrass hybrids (Redlan x Greenleaf and Redlan x Piper) and their normal counterparts, to assess the effects of the brown midrib mutation on the rate and extent of in situ cell wall digestion and on ruminal liquid and particulate turnover rates. The four diets were preserved as hay and coarsely chopped prior to feeding in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Brown midrib genotypes had lower NDF, acid detergent lignin, and hemicellulose concentrations than did normal genotypes. There was no significant difference between brown midrib and normal diets in the rate of in situ cell wall digestion or in digestion lag time. However, brown midrib diets had greater extent of digestion and greater apparent digestibility than normal diets. There was no difference between genotypes in ruminal liquid or particulate turnover rates. In this experiment, lignin concentration had no effect on the rate of in situ digestion or on the rate of ruminal digesta flow. PMID- 3235736 TI - Interactions of dietary cation-anion balance and phosphorus: effects on growth and serum inorganic phosphorus in dairy calves. AB - Thirty-six male and female Holstein and Jersey calves were assigned at weaning to a randomized complete block design in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement to evaluate the influence of two dietary cation-anion balances (-14 and +39 meq(Na + K)-(Cl + S) per 100 g diet DM) and three amounts of dietary P (.22, .29, and .37%) on performance and P metabolism from 9 to 19 wk of age. Feed intake, average daily gain, and serum inorganic P were higher on the anionic diets and increased with increasing dietary P. Body weights were higher on the .37% P diets by wk 3 and on the anionic diets by wk 6. The interaction of dietary P and cation-anion balance was responsible for significant differences in calf performance; the anionic diet exhibited marked improvement over the cationic diet at the lowest P concentration. Results indicate that the availability of P for young dairy calves may be higher with anionic than cationic diets. PMID- 3235735 TI - Milk production and composition in cows and goats fed alpha-ketoisocaproate. AB - To examine whether alpha-ketoisocaproate supplementation affects milk production, 10 goats were fed either 0 or 1.1% calcium-alpha-ketoisocaproate for 2 wk and 12 cows were fed either 0 or .75% Na alpha-ketoisocaproate for 3 wk. Supplementation with alpha-ketoisocaproate increased milk fat content, milk fat yield, and 4% FCM yield in cows by an average of 5, 10, and 8%, respectively, for the treatment period. In cows, response of milk fat yield to alpha-ketoisocaproate was 120 g during wk 1 of treatment but diminished to 55 g by wk 3. Milk yield and milk protein yield tended to be greater in cows fed alpha-ketoisocaproate, but milk production efficiency and body weight were not altered by treatment in either species. Supplementation with alpha-ketoisocaproate had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of milk but tended to increase the percentage of C10 and C12 fatty acids. In goats, supplementation with alpha-ketoisocaproate had no significant effect on milk production or composition, but trends toward increased milk fat and protein content were observed. Results indicate that alpha ketoisocaproate acutely stimulates milk fat production in lactating cows and that this effect seems to diminish with time. PMID- 3235737 TI - Influence of magnesium, water, and sodium chloride on urolithiasis in veal calves. AB - Forty veal calves were fed milk replacers containing differing concentrations of Mg in a 16-w study. The concentrations were .1% (basal), .3%, .6% Mg, and .6% Mg plus 2% NaCl. The four groups were further subdivided into two groups fed reconstituted milk replacer at 14 or 17.9% DM. Weight gain was greater at the two lower concentrations of Mg. Calves fed .6% Mg or .6% Mg plus NaCl excreted significantly more Mg than calves fed .1 or .3% magnesium. The low water group (17.9% DM) excreted a more concentrated urine relative to Mg, Ca, and P than did the high water group (14% DM). No urethral obstructions were observed. Seventy percent of calves at .6% Mg and 30% of calves at .6% Mg plus NaCl had stones in their kidneys consisting primarily of calcium apatite and secondarily of struvite. Added NaCl reduced kidney and bladder calculi formation. When high amounts of water were fed, added NaCl prevented calculi formation completely. All calves fed the NRC level of .1% Mg performed normally. PMID- 3235738 TI - Influence of protein intake and feeding strategy on reproductive performance of dairy cows. AB - A study was conducted to determine the impact of dietary CP concentration (13 vs. 20%) and feeding strategy (total mixed ration vs. separate feeding of the forage and concentrate) on reproductive performance of 57 early lactation dairy cows. Cows were assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Rations composed of 40% forage (50% grass-legume silage:50% corn silage) and 60% concentrate (DM basis) were fed from d 5 to 100 postpartum. Cows fed a total mixed ration had lower ruminal ammonia and plasma urea N concentrations compared with cows fed separately. Feeding strategy groups showed no differences in reproductive performance. Cows fed a 20% CP ration had higher CP intake, higher ruminal ammonia, and higher urea N concentration in plasma and vaginal mucus. There were no differences between low and high CP groups in days to first observed estrus (24 vs. 27), days to first service (55 vs. 59), days open (72 vs 82) or services per conception (1.5 vs. 1.8). Days to first estimated ovulation were longer (22 vs. 17) in the high vs. low CP groups, and there was an interaction between protein intake and lactation number. Cows managed with an intensive program for detection of estrus and for reproductive health did not show differences in reproductive efficiency when fed 13 or 20% CP rations. PMID- 3235739 TI - Hyperthermia and body energy store effects on estrous behavior, conception rate, and corpus luteum function in dairy cows. AB - The reproductive performance of 74 Israeli Holstein dairy cows was examined during summer. Cows were fed prepartum to reach high (3.8) and low (2.6) body condition scores by 1 mo prepartum. After calving, half of each group were cooled seven times a day for 30 min by sprinkling and ventilation. Cows were inseminated starting 60 d postpartum. Daily mean body temperatures of cooled and noncooled cows were 38.6 and 39.2 degrees C, respectively, with differences between them reaching 1 degree C and more during the hot hours. Body condition affected only the time taken postpartum to the start of ovarian activity (26 d for high and 32 d for low body condition groups). Estrous behavior lasted longer in cooled (16 h) than in noncooled (11.5 h) cows of the low body condition group only. Conception rate was higher in cooled than in noncooled cows (59 vs. 17%). Pregnancy rate at 90 d postpartum was higher in cooled (44%) than in noncooled cows (14%). Progesterone concentrations were higher in inseminated nonpregnant and in noninseminated cyclic cooled cows than in noncooled cows and were similar in pregnant cows of both cooled and non-cooled groups. The present cooling method appears to have a high potential for improvement of summer fertility. PMID- 3235740 TI - Induction of persistent ovarian follicular structures following administration of progesterone near the onset of estrus in dairy cattle. AB - The objective of this study was to determine if progesterone administered near the onset of estrus in dairy cows would block the preovulatory surge of LH and result in subsequent persistence of ovarian follicular structures. Following synchronization of estrus with prostaglandin F2 alpha, 20 multiparous, non lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned into three groups: 1 ml ethanol administered i.m. at 12-h intervals for 24 h (n = 6; group 1); 1 mg progesterone administered i.m. at 12-h intervals for 24 h (n = 7; group 2); 2.5 mg progesterone administered i.v. at the onset of standing estrus (n = 7; group 3). Ovarian structures were palpated per rectum on the day of estrus and twice weekly for 14 d. Blood was collected every 2 h from onset of standing estrus for 30 h, and concentrations of LH and progesterone were determined. Numbers of cows diagnosed with persistent follicles 10 d after estrus were 1 of 6 (group 1), 2 of 7 (group 2), and 5 of 7 (group 3). The preovulatory surge of LH did not occur during the sampling period (30 h) for 1 of 6, 7 of 7 and 5 of 7 cows, for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and mean serum concentrations of LH were higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. Serum concentration of progesterone (ng/ml) was higher in group 1 (1.9 +/- .4) than in groups 2 (.9 +/- .4) and 3 (.9 +/- .4) 10 d following estrus. Blocking the preovulatory surge of LH with exogenous progesterone resulted in persistence of ovarian follicles. PMID- 3235741 TI - Functional activity of neutrophils from bovine mammary glands infected with Staphylococcus aureus. AB - To test the effect of Staphylococcus aureus infection on mammary neutrophil function, intramammary neutrophils from S. aureus-infected quarters (n = 8), from adjacent uninfected quarters (n = 8) of S. aureus-infected cows, and from quarters (n = 8) of uninfected cows were collected and incubated with S. aureus in vitro. Mean percent neutrophils phagocytizing, number S. aureus per neutrophil, and log10 viable phagocytized S. aureus/ml were: 53.2, 6.4, and 4.72. Differences in function of neutrophils collected from infected and uninfected quarters were not statistically significant. Results indicate that function of neutrophils from S. aureus-infected quarters is similar to function of neutrophils from uninfected quarters. PMID- 3235742 TI - The adolescent activities checklist: reliability, standardization data, and factorial validity. AB - This study was conducted to provide standardization data and information on the reliability and factorial validity of the recently developed Adolescent Activities Checklist (AAC). A total of 563 adolescents in grades 7 through 12 served as subjects. Significant main effects for gender, race, and grade were obtained in a multivariate analysis of variance. On the basis of this information, standardization data were established for these three variables. Further investigation indicated that the internal consistency of the AAC was high. In addition, results of a principal components analysis conducted on the frequencies of the Unpleasant and Pleasant Activities subscales revealed four and three factors, respectively. For unpleasant activities, the major dimensions were found to occur in three situations--namely, social interactions, family situations, and school situations. Stressful events also occurred as one of the four unpleasant activities dimensions. For pleasant activities, three dimensions appeared: heterosocial behavior, reinforcing interpersonal situations, and social reinforcement. PMID- 3235743 TI - Multiaxial empirically based assessment: parent, teacher, observational, cognitive, and personality correlates of child behavior profile types for 6- to 11-year-old boys. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether profile patterns derived from parents' ratings of clinically referred boys were significantly associated with differences in functioning identified via teachers' ratings, direct observations, cognitive tests, and personality measures. Subjects were 185 6- to 11-year-old boys who were referred to an outpatient psychiatric service or school psychologist and whose Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) profiles correlated significantly with types previously identified through cluster analysis. Comparisons of boys classified by six CBCL profile types and Internalizing versus Externalizing groupings of these types showed many differences that are not apt to be evident in linear correlations between the different sources of data. The findings provide a basis for research on differences between profile patterns with respect to etiology, course, prognosis, and responsiveness to interventions. They also indicate the potential importance of higher-order patterns of functioning that extend across multiple sources of data. PMID- 3235744 TI - Short-term serial recall in ADDH, normal, and reading-disabled boys. AB - Short-term retention of verbal items of span and subspan length was examined in hyperactive (ADDH), normal and non-ADDH reading-disabled boys. Performance of ADDH and normal boys did not differ on three measures of verbal serial recall. Thus, it appears that the cognitive deficits of ADDH children cannot be attributed to deficient retention of stimuli. In contrast, reading-disabled (RD) boys performed significantly more poorly than both normal and ADDH boys when required to recall verbal items following "filled" delay intervals in which the children were required to perform a competing verbal activity. The results suggest that verbal encoding of RD children is particularly vulnerable to interference from other verbal stimuli. ADDH and RD children may represent subsamples of children demonstrating academic difficulties, with each group showing a characteristic pattern of cognitive deficits. PMID- 3235745 TI - Generality of test-session observations to kindergarteners' classroom behavior. AB - Test observations are integral components in the comprehensive assessment of children's academic talents and personal adjustment. They are used to validate standardized test scores obtained during test sessions and to draw inferences about children's general pattern of learning and social adjustment. Unfortunately, little empirical justification exists for extending inferences beyond the confines of test sessions. This issue was examined with 155 kindergarten children using the Stanford Binet Observation Schedule (SBOS), a popular instrument for the summative integration of test-session observations. Children's ratings on the SBOS were used to estimate teacher-observed behavior on the Guide to the Child's Learning Style (GCLS). SBOS and GCLS scores were subjected to independent principal components analyses with varimax rotation and, thereafter, to a joint canonical variance analysis. Weighted factor composites from two SBOS dimensions constituted the predictor data set and three GCLS dimensions the criterion data set. Although multivariate statistical significance was achieved (lambda = .834, F(6,200) = 3.18, p less than .005), cannonical redundancy showed merely 9.4% of classroom behavior predictable from test session. Results are examined in light of research on the situational specificity of behavior. PMID- 3235746 TI - The social behavior of peer-identified aggressive, withdrawn, and aggressive/withdrawn children. AB - The behavioral patterns associated with peer ratings of aggression and withdrawal were explored. First, a discriminant function analysis (N = 74) using seven observational variables was found to significantly identify groups of Aggressive, Withdrawn, and Contrast fourth- and fifth-grade girls and boys. Aggressive/Withdrawn children were not distinguishable from Contrasts. In subsequent analyses comparing the behaviors of children in the four groups at two schools (total N = 117), children in the Aggressive and Withdrawn groups each showed distinctive patterns of social behavior, which were consistent across the two schools. The behavior of the Aggressive/Withdrawn children was not significantly different from that of Contrast children. However, results from one school suggested that Aggressive/Withdrawn children may receive a disproportionate amount of aggression from peers. Finally, the behavior patterns displayed by the deviant groups were similar for girls and boys, allowing for sex differences in base rates of playground behavior. These results confirm the observability of peer-identified patterns of aggression and withdrawal, and provide a detailed description of the behavior of such children in a free-play situation. PMID- 3235747 TI - Self-reported delinquency, neuropsychological deficit, and history of attention deficit disorder. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the possibility that a pattern of cognitive deficit is associated with delinquent behavior, while avoiding some of the methodological problems of previous research. The Self-Report Early Delinquency instrument and a research battery of neuropsychological tests were administered blindly to an unselected cohort of 678 13-year-olds. Because the diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (ADD) was found at markedly elevated rates in the backgrounds of these delinquents, the possibility was examined that the neuropsychological deficits of delinquents might be limited to delinquents with histories of ADD. Although delinquents with past ADD were more cognitively impaired than non-ADD delinquents, both groups scored significantly below nondelinquents on verbal, visuospatial, and visual-motor integration skills. In addition, ADD delinquents scored poorly on memory abilities. Subjects with ADD who had not developed delinquent behavior were not as cognitively impaired as ADD delinquents, suggesting that it is the specific comorbidity of ADD and delinquency that bears neuropsychological study. PMID- 3235748 TI - The predictive power of first-grade peer and teacher ratings of behavior: sex differences in antisocial behavior and personality at adolescence. AB - Peer and teacher assessments of aggression, social withdrawal, and likability using the Pupil Evaluation Inventory were recorded for 104 French Canadian girls and boys in grade 1. Self-reported delinquency and personality measures were administered to these children when they were in junior high school 7 years later. Linear regression analyses revealed significant predictive differences between the grade 1 assessment of girls and boys: For antisocial behavior, teacher and peer assessments of boys were equally good predictors, and the combination of the two assessments did not improve prediction; for girls, peer and teacher assessments taken separately were weak predictors, but, taken together, they were better predictors for girls than for boys; for personality, peers were better predictors than teachers both for girls and for boys. When categorical analyses were used to predict extreme antisocial behavior, peer and teacher assessments were equally good predictors for girls and boys. The use of peer and teacher ratings together, however, decreased the number of false positives. The implications of these findings for research and clinical work are discussed. PMID- 3235749 TI - Compulsive compliance: the development of an inhibitory coping strategy in infancy. AB - This study explored the development of young children's behavioral strategies for coping with child abuse. It was hypothesized that infants exposed to the controllingness and harshness of interaction with an abusive mother would first learn to inhibit behavior disagreeable to the mother and later learn to comply with maternal demands. It was expected that this developmental change in abused children's behavior would be adaptive in the short term because it would reduce the probability of continued abuse. In the long term, however, compulsive compliance was expected to be maladaptive because it distorted the child's perception of, and response to, reality. In addition, it was hypothesized that the compliant behavior pattern would be used only with controlling interactants during the first 3 years of life. In other words, the descriptions of defensive patterns of behavior applied indiscriminantly by older abused children were not expected to apply to infants and toddlers. Both hypotheses were supported using data drawn from videotapes of mother-child and other adult-child interaction. PMID- 3235750 TI - Rooms of our own. PMID- 3235751 TI - Leadership and women in medicine. PMID- 3235752 TI - Medical nomad. PMID- 3235753 TI - The surgical work force and women surgeons. PMID- 3235754 TI - Gender differences in the prediction of medical students' clinical performance. PMID- 3235755 TI - Depression in medical women. PMID- 3235756 TI - PMS: symptom or diagnosis. PMID- 3235757 TI - Have you had your mammogram, doctor? PMID- 3235758 TI - Clinical dimensions of masochism. AB - In this paper, I propose a general classification of masochistic psychopathology and describe relations between this clinical domain and other types of psychopathology. My main objective is to provide an outline relevant for diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment considerations of masochistic pathology. This includes descriptions of and relations among a wide variety of masochistic phenomena from the depressive-masochistic personality to extreme forms of self destructiveness. Ego organization, object relations, superego development, narcissistic organization, and polymorphous perverse infantile sexuality are considered as codeterminants of the levels and clinical features of masochistic pathology. Finally, the relations between masochistic pathology and negative therapeutic reactions are reexamined. PMID- 3235759 TI - Interpretation, psychoanalysis, and the philosophy of mind. AB - I suggest that a conflict between two philosophical models of the mind so far unremarked in discussions of psychoanalysis is at the heart of questions about its status as a science, the objectivity of psychoanalytic interpretations, and the nature of the unconscious. In philosophy one model is embodied in the tradition of Descartes, Hobbes, Locke, Kant, among many others, which construes thought as prior to and independent of language. According to this tradition the mind is self-contained and mental contents or "ideas" are essentially subjective phenomena. It follows that knowledge of other minds and the material world is radically problematic. In the second and more contemporary model the phenomenon of meaning is dependent on interactions between minds, and between mind and the world. Since meaning is understood to be intrinsically social, so in an important sense is mind. I develop this second philosophic model, indicating its relevance for psychoanalysis. I also point out some of the contributions of psychoanalysis to philosophy of mind. PMID- 3235760 TI - Day residue and screen memory in Freud's dream of the botanical monograph. AB - Freud's theory of dream construction allowed the censorship to intervene only when a repressed infantile wish emerged from the unconscious. In his (1899) paper on screen memories, however, he proposed a mechanism for the defensive displacement of current events as they are sorted for introduction into permanent memory. I suggest that Freud was actually describing the conflictual process through which the day residue of the dream is formed. Day residue and screen memory are closely related as elements of the dreamer's present and past experience displaced from his more central instinctual concerns. Freud's dream of the botanical monograph clearly illustrates this relation. Substituted day residues were matched in the dream with relatively innocuous memories of past events of similar cognitive and affective significance. By retracing the substitutions, one can see how a current conflict over Fliess's role in the writing of the dream book recapitulated a series of Freud's earlier conflicts concerning his father and the power of books. PMID- 3235761 TI - Psychoanalysis, marital therapy, and object-relations theory. AB - This paper attempts to indicate why psychoanalysts should be interested in marital therapy. It discusses the clinical advantages and disadvantages of marital therapy as compared to psychoanalysis, describes the contributions of the classical psychoanalytic viewpoint to marital therapy, and finally, attempts to complement the classical psychoanalytic viewpoint with an object-relations viewpoint which can illuminate marital dynamics and provide interpretive content during the course of marital therapy. PMID- 3235762 TI - The psychoanalysis of time. AB - The experience of time has been studied psychoanalytically largely through the conceptual frameworks of ego psychology and classical analysis. The implications of self psychology and Lacanian theory for understanding time experience have been relatively little explored. These implications would develop, on the one hand, from Kohut's investigations of fragmentation phenomena and, on the other, from Lacan's concept of the ego and his use of the short session. But time experience cannot be understood entirely in terms of individual histories and the psychoanalytic situation. A preoccupation with time is central to Western culture and is traceable to the social context--thirteenth-century monasticism--in which the clock was first invented. Time enters the analytic session especially in the handling of beginnings and ends, reflecting divergent notions of the purpose of treatment. The standing of time-frame rules in the different systems defined by ego psychology, self psychology, and Lacanian theory are examined together with their underlying assumptions about the nature of reality. These metaphysical issues--no longer academic but made concretely meaningful in each session--go beyond illuminating the concept of time. Our response to them will determine both the direction of each patient's treatment and the course of psychoanalysis itself. PMID- 3235763 TI - A convenient spectroscopic method for the estimation of hemoglobin concentrations in cell-free solutions. AB - Using a millimolar absorptivity of 7.12 +/- 0.09 at 523 nm, it is possible to estimate the total concentration of hemoglobin in solutions containing oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin in any combination. This estimate is independent of the pH in the range 6.0-10.0 and will provide concentrations comparable to that obtained by the conventional and more precise use of cyanomethemoglobin. This methodology should be of value for the determination of extracellular hemoglobin in vivo, as a means for determining the vascular half-life of stroma-free hemoglobin based blood substitutes. PMID- 3235764 TI - Error analysis in equilibrium dialysis: evaluation of adsorption phenomena. AB - Various sources of error in equilibrium dialysis may lead to inaccurate results of binding experiments: (i) the finite time of dialysis; (ii) the Donnan effects; (iii) the adsorption of ligand to the membrane; and (iv) release of contaminating material from dialysis casings. These errors were analyzed for a polynucleotide oligopeptide model system with particular regard to adsorption phenomena and the underlying mechanisms. Adsorption data were treated according to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The latter turned out to be more appropriate for the consideration of adsorption phenomena with respect to a minimum error propagation. Furthermore, it was shown that the degree of adsorption varies with ionic strength and temperature and could be interpreted in terms of polyelectrolyte theory. The kinetics of both adsorption and of the ligand distribution between the polymer and buffer compartments follow first order at the beginning of dialysis which is in line with a simple diffusion process. After 13-15 h data deviate from first order kinetics indicating an alteration in the transport mechanism. The effects of errors on binding parameters were determined and a detailed protocol for correction is presented allowing one to obtain binding data from equilibrium dialysis experiments with the required degree of accuracy. The fundamental principles and results for the system under investigation generally apply to all protein-ligand systems. PMID- 3235765 TI - A sensitive direct calorimeter for small mammals. AB - A sensitive direct calorimeter for small animals is presented. Its principle is based on the measurement of the heat transfer from the animal chamber to a heat sink. The system gives repetitive measurements with a high efficiency and allows a detailed time-related measurement of the heat production by the whole animal. Its low response time can be advantageously used for the study of post-prandial heat generation and diet-induced thermogenesis. Data on the heat production by Wistar and lean and obese Zucker rats is also included. PMID- 3235766 TI - A protein-free blocking system for the covalently binding matrix cyanuric chloride-activated paper in immunological procedures. AB - A new protein-free blocking system containing 10% (w/v) sulfanilic acid/10% (v/v) triethanolamine/0.05% (v/v) Tween 20 has been used to block free binding sites of the covalently binding matrix cyanuric chloride-activated paper (CCA-paper). This method allows a reversible staining of protein blots with Coomassie brilliant blue after each step of the immunological procedure and reuse of the blots for a repeated antibody probing. Non-radioactive and radioactive detection procedures have been compared with blots on CCA-paper and nitrocellulose. The best combination is a Coomassie brilliant blue staining and immunological detection with 125I-protein A. PMID- 3235767 TI - Electrophoretic data in designing strategies for purification and identification of a highly polymorphic bacterial esterase. AB - We have purified a bacterial enzyme, designated esterase M, by tailoring an efficient and rapid strategy with information derived from titration curves of proteins in crude extract. The pH-dependent stability of the enzyme activity observed by titration pattern allowed an acidic pH treatment of extract and a cationic exchange chromatography at pH 4.1. These two steps were followed by an anionic exchange chromatography and a preparative electrophoresis. Thus, the enzyme was purified about 2000-fold within two days with a recovery of 13.3%. The electrophoretic variants of esterase M were investigated for their molecular relationship through the specific effect of antibodies on esterase electrophoretic pattern (immunosubtractive electrophoresis) which is applicable to large series of samples. By this process, we have demonstrated the presence of common antigenic determinants among the electromorphs of esterase M produced by the three species of motile Aeromonas. PMID- 3235768 TI - New method for spectrofluorometer monochromator wavelength calibration. AB - A method is presented for wavelength calibration of spectrofluorometer monochromators. It is based on the distortion that the characteristic absorption bands of glass filters (holmium or didymium oxide), commonly used for calibration of spectrophotometers, introduce in the emitted fluorescence of fluorophores like indole, diphenyl hexatriene, xylene or rhodamine 6G. Those filters or a well characterized absorber with sharp bands like benzene vapor can be used for the same purpose. The wavelength calibration accuracy obtained with this method is better than 0.1 nm, and requires no modification in the geometry of the spectrofluorometer sample compartment. PMID- 3235769 TI - The removal of exogenous thiols from proteins by centrifugal column chromatography. AB - Centrifugal column chromatography was shown to provide a rapid, efficient, and useful means of separation of various low molecular weight thiols from proteins. The single chromatographic step procedure employed standard 5 ml plastic syringes containing Sephadex G-25 as the bed matrix and required less than 5 min to produce average dilutions of 5000-, 980-, and 25-fold, respectively, from 5 to 200 mM initial concentrations of 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, and reduced glutathione in the sample as measured by titration with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2 nitrobenzoic acid). Dihydrofolate reductase solutions of 0.07-0.08 mM were separated from 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, or reduced glutathione with a minimum 16,500-fold dilution of the thiol after centrifugal chromatography on two consecutive columns. Thymidylate synthase solutions of 0.06 mM were effectively separated from 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol with a minimum average 5900-fold dilution of the thiol after consecutive column chromatography. There was no change in either the physical or chemical properties of the enzyme throughout the course of the experiments as determined by activity, active site sulfhydryl group titration, and binding assays. Recoveries of protein obtained in the load fraction were usually in excess of 70% of the protein loaded with virtually no dilution from the initial concentration. This method was developed in order to facilitate the study of the active site sulfhydryl groups in enzymes. PMID- 3235770 TI - A computer-controlled all-tantalum stopped-flow microcalorimeter with microjoule resolution. AB - A new all-tantalum differential stopped-flow heat-conduction microcalorimeter with microjoule resolution has been developed. The instrument consists of two matched channels, each of which has two reagent inlet lines. A computer is used to process the data and control the syringe drive system which runs the samples through the calorimeter. The reagents are mixed in 0.6 s in ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:4, 1:5, or 1:10. The priming volume from the loading port to the mixer is 1 ml and the reaction volume of the detection tube is 160 microliters. The instrument has a sensitivity of 1.60 J/V.s and a differential baseline stability of 100 nJ/s (p-p) over a 4 h period. The sample size can be reduced to 27 microliters with only a 12% loss in sensitivity. With an electrical step power input, the 10-90% response is 40 s. By using a data decomposition scheme, the response time can be improved to 1 s which allows the direct measurement of moderately fast reaction kinetics. With water/water mixes, differential heats of mixing are typically (+/-) 2 microJ with a standard deviation of (+/-) 2.5 microJ. Reaction heats in the 20-50 microJ range can be measured with a standard deviation of (+/-) 3 microJ. A fast reaction, e.g. HCl dilution, can be completed in 150 s. When loading and priming times are included, 25 reactions can be completed in 120 min. A chilled water jacket is used to allow operation over a temperature range of 4 degrees C to 50 degrees C. PMID- 3235771 TI - Synthesis and rapid purification of UDP-[6-3H]galactose. AB - UDP[6-3H]galactose of high specificity can be obtained by oxidation of the C-6 hydroxymethyl group of UDP-galactose by galactose oxidase and subsequent reduction by sodium borotritide. One-step purification of the nucleotide sugar involves anion-exchange chromatography on a Pharmacia Mono Q column. Radiolabeled UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine can also be synthesized and purified by this procedure. Both nucleotide sugars can be used for sugar incorporation studies using the appropriate glycosyltransferase. PMID- 3235772 TI - Speeding-up mitochondrial DNA preparation by a modified alkaline SDS method. PMID- 3235773 TI - Gas-phase protein sequencing: gas flow control by positive displacement. AB - A modification of an automatic gas-phase protein/peptide sequencing apparatus is described; this eliminates the effect of the sample on cell gas flow rates. Consistent sequencing chemistry is achieved, yielding data from material that is intractable using standard equipment. PMID- 3235774 TI - Enhanced discrimination in the partition of proteins by aqueous polymer two-phase systems. AB - Aqueous polymer two-phase systems containing dextran T-500 and PEG 4000 can be prepared which are biphasic below 18 degrees C and monophasic at higher temperatures. Both liganded and unliganded forms of glutamate dehydrogenase and troponin, which have similar partition coefficients if the protein is added to a two-phase system at 4 degrees C, have widely differing partition coefficients if added to the same system in the monophasic state at 20 degrees C and subsequently cooled to 4 degrees C. PMID- 3235775 TI - Excitatory effects of opiates on the spontaneous EMG activity in pigeon oesophagus. AB - The effects and the mechanism of action of morphine, methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin were examined in transverse muscular strips from pigeon oesophagus. All the opiates produced a concentration-dependent excitatory effect on the spontaneous EMG activity, characterized mainly by an increase in the spike burst frequency. The maximal excitatory response to morphine and opioid peptides was fully antagonized by naloxone and tetrodotoxin, significantly reduced by atropine and it was not affected by guanethidine pretreatment. Treatment of pigeons with reserpine abolished the excitatory effects induced by opiates. The above results suggest the existence of specific opioid receptors in pigeon oesophagus. Opiates have no direct action on smooth muscle cells, increasing the EMG activity via excitatory both cholinergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurons. The hypothesis of a possible involvement of serotonergic interneurons might be advanced. PMID- 3235776 TI - Effects of volume loading on paraventriculo-spinal neurones in the rat. AB - Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of volume loading on the activity of antidromically identified paraventriculo-spinal neurones in rats anaesthetised with urethane. Intravenous infusion of isotonic saline (1.5-4.2 ml) inhibited amino acid induced activity in 12/20 cells. Of the remainder, 4 cells were excited and 4 were unaffected by volume loading. In 4/4 neurones inhibited by volume expansion, subsequent activation of vagal afferent nerve endings by i.v. bolus injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (25-100 micrograms) also inhibited cell firing. The onset (0.5-7 min) and duration (5-29 min) of the inhibition evoked by volume loading showed considerable variation in different animals. The inhibitory effects of volume loading were absent in bilaterally vagotomised rats (n = 4). In these preparations the activity of paraventriculo-spinal neurones was facilitated by volume loading. It is suggested that during volume loading inhibitory vagally mediated inputs and excitatory non-vagal influences converge on paraventriculo-spinal neurones. PMID- 3235777 TI - A differential effect of yohimbine on adrenal and neuronal catecholamine release during bilateral carotid occlusion in the dog. AB - This study reports on the effects of yohimbine and clonidine on the release of adrenal and renal catecholamines (epinephrine, E; norepinephrine, NE; and dopamine, DA) in response to bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO, 3 min) in vagotomized dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. The model used allowed us to simultaneously compare adrenal catecholamine secretion with neuronal NE release in the kidney. In control dogs, the net output (ng/min/g tissue) of adrenal E (70.5 +/- 19.7), NE (22.2 +/- 5.9) and DA (2.6 +/- 0.8) increased markedly (P less than 0.01) during BCO to a maximum level of 265.1 +/- 87.9, 97.4 +/- 30.6 and 10.5 +/- 3.2, respectively. Similarly, the net output (ng/min/g tissue) of renal NE (0.66 +/- 0.06) and DA (0.09 +/- 0.02) increased significantly (P less than 0.01) to 1.00 +/- 0.11 and 0.15 +/- 0.04, respectively. Aortic systolic pressure (mm Hg) (140.8 +/- 8.0) and heart rate (beats/min) (162.7 +/- 5.1) also increased (P less than 0.01) to 212.5 +/- 19.3 and 179.5 +/- 5.4, respectively. In dogs treated with yohimbine (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.), the net increase in adrenal catecholamine output was diminished by approximately 47% (P less than 0.05). In contrast, the net increase in renal NE output was potentiated by 41% (P less than 0.05). The net increase in heart rate was also enhanced significantly (P less than 0.01) in the presence of yohimbine. In dogs receiving clonidine (15 micrograms/kg, i.v.) the increases in net output of both adrenal and renal catecholamine were abolished. Similarly, pressor and heart rate responses were abolished in the presence of clonidine. The results indicate that yohimbine exerted a differential effect on renal sympathetic nerves (increase) and adrenal medullae (decrease) in modulating catecholamine release in response to BCO, while clonidine abolished both neural NE release and adrenal catecholamine secretion. This study suggests that a presynaptic alpha 2 adrenoceptor-mediated mechanism, the blockade of which enhances neural NE release at peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals in many tissues, may not be involved in the modulation of adrenal catecholamine secretion during BCO. PMID- 3235778 TI - Changes in intracranial pressure elicited by electrical stimulation of the brainstem reticular formation in spinal cats with vagotomy. AB - The momentary changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) were explored using electrical stimulation of the brainstem reticular formation and the nucleus fastigii of the cerebellum in cats under artificial ventilation after spinalization (C2) and vagotomy. Regions that yielded an increase in ICP in the arterial pressor area were: the central part of the pontine recticular formation, the dorsal medullary reticular formation, the central part of the medullary reticular formation, and the nucleus fastigii of the cerebellum; and one region in the arterial depressor area was the paramedial and ventral medial region of the medullary reticular formation. Since the arterial blood pressure and respiration was maintained constant during electrical stimulation by spinalization and vagotomy, the increase in ICP in the cranium, a semi-closed box, momentarily reflected an increase in cerebral blood volume due to cerebral vasodilatation. It is suggested that excitation of cell bodies or fibres within these regions may produce cerebral vasodilatation. PMID- 3235779 TI - Cardiovascular responses to time delays of electrocardiogram-coupled electrical stimulation of carotid sinus nerves in dogs. AB - In search of improved patterns for electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves (CSNs), which is applied therapeutically in patients with previous therapy refractory hypertension or angina pectoris, the timing of stimulation trains within the cardiac cycle was investigated in anesthetized dogs. Blood pressure responses and prolongations of heart beat intervals upon CSNs were analyzed. Electrocardiogram (ECG)-coupled trains of electrical stimuli were applied to bilateral intact CSNs. Pulses of 1 ms duration and the maximal (5-10 V) and 50% maximal stimulus amplitude were applied. The onset of stimulation trains (150 ms long, 15 impulses/train) was delayed from ECG-R-wave synchronous periods in units of 30 ms to maximally 150 ms. The timing of stimulus trains within the cardiac cycle did not influence the responses. Heart rate and blood pressure reductions upon CSNs were entirely dependent on the amplitudes of stimuli. In conclusion, a phase-dependency of such responses to CSNs, supposedly due to coincidence of electrically induced carotid sinus nerve activity with endogenous signals centrally converging from other cardiovascular afferents, could not be supported, using such stimulation trains. The observed responses did not show the known phase-dependency of sensitivity of the sino-atrial node to changes in effernt vagal activity. In experimental and therapeutic electrical CSNs (baropacing) for obtaining stronger cardiovascular responses with similar parameters, a preferential timing of stimuli relative to the cardiac cycle cannot be recommended. PMID- 3235780 TI - Comparison of resting and stimulus-evoked catecholamine release from the femoral and renal vascular beds of the dog. AB - Plasma levels of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) were measured in arterial and in femoral and renal venous blood of chloralose-anaesthetised dogs at rest, and during electrical stimulation of the femoral and renal sympathetic nerve supplies. In the femoral bed, sympathetic nerve stimulation elevated venous efflux of NA, but did not reproducibly elevate DA efflux: when this was increased, it comprised less than 1% of the stimulus-evoked catecholamine efflux. By contrast, renal nerve stimulation liberated both NA and DA from the kidney, and DA comprised about 8% of the total stimulus-evoked efflux. Comparison of efflux from intact and denervated kidneys indicated substantial neurogenic release of both NA and DA at rest, with DA comprising 20% of this efflux. The results extend previous evidence for dopaminergic sympathetic innervation of the dog kidney, and suggest that both dopaminergic and noradrenergic renal nerves are tonically active in anaesthetised animals. PMID- 3235781 TI - Vagal stimulation and heart rate slowing in acute experimental chagasic myocarditis. PMID- 3235782 TI - Relationship between sympathetic and phrenic nerve responses to peripheral chemoreflex in the cat. AB - To test the hypothesis that peripheral chemoreflex effect on the preganglionic cervical sympathetic nerve (PSN) activity is entirely mediated by the central respiratory drive (CRD), as expressed in the phrenic nerve (PN) activity, we studied the relationship between PN and PSN activities under controlled conditions of carotid chemosensory excitation in the anesthetized cats. The cats were vagotomized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. Tracheal pO2 and pCO2, systemic blood pressure, activities of single or a few PSN and PN fibers and a PN bundle were simultaneously recorded. The PSN preparations, which were responsive to hypoxia and showed PN rhythm, were selected for the study. Carotid chemoreceptor excitation, produced by hypoxia (end-tidal pO2 approximately equal to 50 Torr) or by sodium cyanide injection (50-100 micrograms, i.v.), elicited 3 types of responses: (1) the PSN discharged during the silent period of PN activity, although the PSN peak activity was still coupled to the PN peak activity, (2) PSN discharged only during PN activity, and (3) during the absence of PN discharge induced by hyperventilation hypocapnia, cyanide injection stimulated the PSN without PN activity. These observations suggest a model of chemoreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity which consists of two parts: one is dependent on PN activity and the other is not. Accordingly, all PSN chemoreflex responses may not be integrated with all inspiratory chemoreflexes. PMID- 3235783 TI - [Classification of perinatal deaths as a function of birth weight and gestational age. New methodologic approach]. AB - Perinatal mortality is closely related to infant birth weight. However, the examination of both gestational age and birth weight provides a more comprehensive approach. This study presents a method of evaluation which is readily applicable. Data were obtained from the computerized files of the maternity ward of the University Hospital of Caen. This report is based on case reports of 17,952 single births, from May 1980 to July 1985 (cases of multiple birth have not been considered since their age/weight relationships are usually different). All stillborn infants and those who died within the first week of life were considered. Any infant whose gestational age was 28 weeks or more but who showed no sign of life at birth was considered stillborn. Gestational age was determined from the mother's last menstrual period, providing it concurred with the obstetrical evaluation (i.e. echographic measurements of foetus before 20 weeks of gestation). If not, the clinical evaluation was retained. Results are presented in the form of blocks, each one representing 1 week of gestational age and a birth weight of 500 g. The perinatal mortality rate was calculated for each block. Blocks of similar mortality rates (i.e. with no significant difference) were then pooled by means of a recently published method [3]. This difference between the mortality rates of 2 blocks (in percentages) may be measured by means of the chi-square test. The test enables the evaluation of the "distance" between two adjacent zones, which can be calculated for all the blocks of the graph, by pairs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3235784 TI - [Ambulatory monitoring and telephone transmission of uterine activity. Preliminary study on the evaluation of the TOKOS system]. AB - The authors compare 100 tracings of uterine contractions, recorded using a mobile monitoring apparatus with telephone output TOKOS System), with 100 tracings recorded using static equipment. The TOKOS system is useful in diagnosis of uterine contraction, being equivalent to the reference system. The TOKOS system is superior to the reference system in that it allows the intensity of the contractions to be evaluated. The TOKOS system is an original approach to maternal perception of uterine activity. Overall, 28% of contractions are identified by the patient. The authors conclude that the tracings produced by the TOKOS system are more reliable than maternal perception of uterine contractions. PMID- 3235785 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of mucoviscidosis. Contribution of DNA analysis of trophoblast biopsies]. AB - The gene for cystic fibrosis has been localised on the long arm of chromosome 7. Genetic engineering techniques now make it possible to inform educated families that it is possible to make an early antenatal diagnosis on chorionic villus sampling at the tenth week of pregnancy. We report our experience on ten antenatal diagnosis that were made. Furthermore, we were able to study 48 families with a live child who had the disease, and were able to change the probability of another child being born with the gene. This approach makes it possible for us to change the risk for a couple of giving birth to an affected child. It is also possible to extend the indications for trophoblast analysis to parallel cases where the risk is less than 1 in 4. PMID- 3235786 TI - [The significance of C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of chorioamnionitis in cases of premature rupture of the membranes]. AB - We have retrospectively studied the changes in the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and of white blood cells in 82 patients who had premature rupture of the membranes between the 20th and the 36th week of pregnancy in order to estimate the possibility of prenatal screening for amnion infections in early rupture of the membranes. The level of CRP was shown to be quickly and significantly raised in cases of clinical or histological chorioamnionitis, whereas the change in maternal leucocytes alters little and later. The level of CRP can be worked out as an early biological marker which is sensitive and cheap in the clinical supervision of cases with early rupture of the membranes. PMID- 3235787 TI - [Spontaneous hepatic hematoma during pregnancy]. AB - Spontaneous hepatic haemorrhage is a rare complication in pregnancy. It usually occurs in multiparous women who have toxaemia of pregnancy. We give a case history of a primigravid patient who was not toxemic. The hepatic haemorrhage presented as blood in the peritoneal cavity which in turn gave rise to abdominal pain with hypovolaemic shock. The surgical treatment consisted in removing the segment of the liver that had been bleeding. The physiopathology of hepatic haemorrhage as described in the literature shows that there was evidence of consumptive coagulopathy with coalescence of periportal areas of liver necrosis. Treatment therefore is that of hepatic trauma. Maternal mortality runs at 70%. PMID- 3235788 TI - [Early pregnancy interruption using an antiprogesterone steroid: Mifepristone (RU 486)]. AB - Mifepristone (RU 486) is a new steroid which is a progesterone antagonist and which is able to interrupt early pregnancy. The purpose of our study was to evaluate clinical efficacy and tolerance of two doses of Mifepristone (600 and 200 mg) in a single intake. The study included 205 women applying for a legal abortion with pregnancies under 7 weeks. Clinical examination was confirmed by ultrasound and plasma HCG assessment. Success was assumed by repeating these exams on 8th day. 175 patients took 600 mg of Mifepristone and 147 (84%) had a complete abortion. 30 patients took 200 mg of mifepristone and only 19 (63%) had a complete abortion. Very few side effects were observed. So, Mifepristone in able to terminate early pregnancy under medical supervision. PMID- 3235789 TI - [RU 486 and induction of labor in 3d trimester pregnancy interruptions. Preliminary clinical studies]. AB - The authors report 12 cases of induction of labour which was carried out with the help of RU 486 in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (mean duration of the pregnancy 34.2 weeks). Nine cases had malformed fetuses and 3 cases had normal infants. In 6 cases out of the 12 delivery took place within 48 hours after RU had been administered by itself and in 3 cases induction with Syntocinon was helped when RU was given beforehand. In 3 cases the live-born children showed no secondary ill effects. PMID- 3235790 TI - [Multiple pregnancies in France]. PMID- 3235791 TI - [Refusal of blood because of being Jehovah's witnesses or for fear of AIDS. Deontologic and legal aspects]. AB - Difficult new medical and professional ethical problems have arisen by an increase in the number of patients refusing blood transfusion or the use of blood derivatives because of religious convictions. In particular Jehovah's Witnesses and patients frightened of catching AIDS and other diseases transmitted by blood are involved. Because of this it is necessary to consider how to prevent legal actions which may be brought under the heading of "death by negligence or by failing to give correct treatment for a patient in danger", particularly when the case is of death that could be connected with failure to resuscitate a patient where the basic treatment would be giving blood. The authors have analysed article by article of the Code of Medical Deontology of 1975 and have found ambiguities, not to say apparent contradictions, in the recommendations given to doctors who find themselves confronted by patients who have refused in this way needed treatment for haemorrhagic shock, as can occur particularly in obstetrics and gynaecology. The law is extremely weak in this matter because the Appeal Court has never taken a clear position in regard to the responsibility the doctor has when he finds himself with a patient who has refused the correct treatment. The authors have been driven to research through a large bibliography of medico legal works to find out what doctors should do when they are confronted by patients who refuse the correct treatment by they adults or infants or mentally incapacitated. The practical advice that ends this analysis should make it possible for the readers to adopt a compromise way of dealing with these situations that at the same time accords with the normal medical contract between patients and doctor and the dignity that should be afforded to the patient but also the safety of the patient. This is done by avoiding on the one hand total rejection of the legitimate personal convictions of the patient but also on the other hand not accepting too readily these convictions, which could lead to being held responsible for failure to carry out one's obligations to patients or to just leaving the patient to her circle, stepping aside from caring for her.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3235792 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of extrauterine pregnancy]. AB - Looking over the last twenty years, the increase in the numbers of ectopic pregnancies has become an important health issue. It is necessary to find out the principal causes for the rise if preventive action is to be taken. Different publications have widely different views about the incidence of the condition and how the increase came about. This variation is due to the diversity of the places and of the different populations that have been studied (age, the way the populations were recruited) as well as the frequencies that have been calculated (according to the number of pregnancies, according to the number of deliveries or according to the number of women of reproductive age in a population). All the same, the trend can be noted. These are: the doubling or tripling in the last two decades of the incidence in industrialised countries. The results of certain epidemiological studies undertaken to seek out the risk factors (mainly based on case histories) have to be interpreted carefully because of the differences in methodology and particularly in the choice of control groups (there seems to be some failure to take into account confounding factors). The chief of the risk factors for extra-uterine pregnancy which are now considered important are the increase in sexually transmitted diseases and in particular in Chlamydia trachomatis. The role played by tubal sterilisation and by some contraceptive measures such as intra-uterine contraceptive device and the progestational mini pill in the causation of extra-uterine pregnancy can be explained by the fact that these methods are better at preventing intra-uterine pregnancy than extra uterine pregnancy, although they to diminish the risk of these as well. Furthermore, spontaneous abortions, abdominal surgery and, above all, terminations of pregnancy which had been said to be conductive to the causation of extra-uterine pregnancies, seem to do this by the fact that they are associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. Finally, the role of in vitro fertilisation, and of vaginal irrigation, as well as of nicotine, should be sought out when further studies are carried out. PMID- 3235793 TI - AIDS testing and informed consent. AB - This article examines whether hospitals should obtain specific informed consent for HIV testing in addition to the general consent for routine procedures that is obtained upon admission. The article argues that specific consent should be obtained in all instances in which the HIV test is ordered. When the test is ordered to protect health care workers rather than to benefit the patient, the patient must be informed of the true purpose of the test: special care must be taken to avoid claims of fraud or duress that might invalidate the patient's consent. Furthermore, testing patients for the sole purpose of protecting health care workers should be discouraged, since the protection of health care workers can already be accomplished through universal blood and bodily fluid precautions. In balancing the inconvenience caused by universal blood and bodily fluid precautions against the privacy rights of patients, the patients' rights should prevail. PMID- 3235794 TI - Going to court: the experience of child victims of intrafamilial sexual abuse. AB - Concerned about the possible detrimental impact of the investigative process and court proceedings on child victims of sexual abuse, many child advocates have proposed extensive evidentiary and procedural revisions of the court process. As part of a long-term study of the effects of child sexual abuse on the victims' mental health, we observed child sexual abuse victims during juvenile and criminal court proceedings. Although it was clear to our observers that going to court was stressful for these children, it was not clear that the only effective way of reducing their stress would be to avoid "live" testimony. We propose that many simple improvements--for example, increasing the involvement of guardians ad litem, providing adequate time to prepare the child for court, reducing the number of continuances granted, and training attorneys and judges to deal effectively with child witnesses--would be less costly and less controversial to implement than closed-circuit or videotaped testimony, new hearsay exceptions, and other more extensive proposals for change. PMID- 3235795 TI - Gas taxes and motor vehicle fatalities. AB - Economists view taxes as a more efficient means of reducing the consumption of a product than regulation. They have therefore suggested raising cigarette and alcohol taxes to reduce the undesirable effects of tobacco and alcohol on the public's health. This essay suggests that a gasoline tax can have similar beneficial influences on reducing highway deaths and injuries. Moreover, if some proceeds of the tax are used to finance mass transit, the regressivity of the tax can be ameliorated. PMID- 3235796 TI - The capability of the predacious fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora (Hyphomycetales) to reduce numbers of infective larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi (Trichostrongylidae) in cow pats and herbage during the grazing season in Denmark. AB - Artificially prepared cow pats containing Ostertagia ostertagi eggs were deposited on two pasture plots in May, June and July 1986. Half of the cow pats, placed on one plot, were inoculated with 2000 conidia per gram faeces of the predacious fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. On the other plot fungus-free control cow pats were placed at the same time. In the faeces generally fewer infective O. ostertagi larvae developed in the inoculated than in the control cow pats. On the herbage around the control cow pats deposited in May, June and July a maximum concentration of infective larvae was found at the same time on the 6th of August 1986. At that time the herbage larval infectivity around inoculated cow pats deposited in May, June and July was subject to a reduction of 48%, 89% and 46%, respectively, compared with fungus-free control cow pats. This experiment indicates that a concentration of 2000 A. oligospora conidia per gram faeces results in a significant lowering of the herbage larval infectivity during the grazing season in Denmark. PMID- 3235797 TI - On the viability of Fasciola gigantica metacercariae ingested by Lymnaea auricularia. AB - The effect of ingestion by Lymnaea auricularia on the viability and infectivity of Fasciola gigantica metacercariae was studied. The cyst wall was unaffected by the snail's digestive processes. Two rabbits, each infected with 50 ingested metacercariae, died at 83 and 87 days post-infection. Eight and 10 immature flukes were recovered from the livers, indicating that the metacercariae had remained infective after passing through the intestine of the snail. PMID- 3235798 TI - Morphological differences between Venezuelan and African microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. AB - Comparative morphological and biometric characteristics of microfilariae of Onchocerca gutturosa and O. volvulus from different geographical areas (Upper Orinoco, Venezuela; Togo; Liberia) were assessed. "Stepwise" discriminant analysis and Mahalanobis estimators were applied to measure distance between populations. The results indicate a strong similarity between the two strains from the Upper Orinoco (Venezuela) and the Togo strain, as well as a clear separation between these strains and that of O. gutturosa. The Liberian strain was easily distinguishable from microfilariae from Togo and Venezuela. Discriminant analysis showed the Liberian deme to be as different from the Venezuelan and Togo demes as these demes were from microfilariae of the reference species, O. gutturosa. Although it is necessary to confirm these data using formalin-fixed specimens obtained from the skin, the present findings suggest the existence of geographically-different strains of O. volvulus in America and Africa. PMID- 3235799 TI - Regulation of hyaluronate synthesis in rat liver fat storing cell cultures by Kupffer cells. AB - During fibrogenesis in chronically inflamed liver the concentration of extracellular matrix hyaluronate increases several-fold, but the mechanism of hyaluronate accumulation has hitherto been unknown. We studied the effect of stimulated Kupffer cells on the synthesis and secretion of hyaluronic acid by rat liver fat storing cells, the main hyaluronate-producing cell type in liver. Conditioned medium was harvested from monolayers of Kupffer cells activated by exposure for 24 h to zymosan and lipopolysaccharide. Addition of these Kupffer cell media to monolayers of fat storing cells stimulated more than 2-fold the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into both total glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid in the medium. The synthesis rate of hyaluronic acid was enhanced more strongly than that of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, resulting in a significant fractional increase of hyaluronate. The concentration of hyaluronate measured with a radiometric assay in the medium of fat storing cells exposed to Kupffer cell media was raised 2.6-fold within 24 h in comparison to untreated cultures. The synthesis rate of hyaluronate in untreated fat storing cells of 4.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms/mg DNA per h increased up to 8.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/mg DNA per h in the presence of Kupffer cell conditioned medium. The results demonstrate an activation of hyaluronate synthesis in fat storing cells by Kupffer cell factor(s), a mechanism which might be of relevance for the strong absolute and fractional increase of hyaluronate in the extracellular matrix of fibrotic livers. PMID- 3235800 TI - Preferential distribution of apoptotic bodies in acinar zone 3 of normal human and rat liver. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to study the number and acinar distribution of apoptotic bodies in normal liver as an approach to a better understanding of cell kinetics in the hepatic parenchyma. The material included 20 normal human needle liver biopsies and 20 normal male Sprague-Dawley rats. For each liver sample, the following parameters were measured: number of apoptotic bodies in the lobule, topographical localization, and distance from terminal hepatic veins (THV), i.e., the row of hepatocytes concerned, H1 being the closest to the THV. The results were strikingly similar in human and in animal material, showing that apoptotic bodies are rare in the normal liver and, when present, are always observed in zone 3, next to the THV. In fact, the first two rows of hepatocytes (H1 and H2) contained 80% of the apoptotic bodies in human liver, and 95% in rat liver. These data show that apoptotic bodies are not randomly dispersed in normal liver tissue but show a preferential acinar distribution. In addition, the vast majority of apoptotic bodies are located in the row of liver cells immediately adjacent to the THV. If apoptosis is indeed an expression of physiological cell renewal or 'programmed cell death', these findings support the concept of an aging gradient of liver cells, with zone 3 containing older hepatocytes. PMID- 3235801 TI - Cellular and subcellular distribution of injected lipopolysaccharide in rat liver and its inactivation by bile salts. AB - The cellular and subcellular distribution of biologically tritiated Salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied at different time intervals after intravenous injection in rats. At 1 min after injection of LPS via the portal vein label was present over Kupffer cell phagosomes. Between 30 min and 7 days after injection, silver grains were mainly associated with phagosomes and lysosomes and occasionally with the membrane of Kupffer cells. A few parenchymal cells were labeled at 5 min in their mitochondria, cell membrane and the periphery of the cell. Radioactivity was also present in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (from 15 min), fat droplets and the nucleus (from 3 h) up to 7 days. Sinusoidal endothelial and fat-storing cells were never labeled. In conclusion, both Kupffer cells and parenchymal cells play a role in the uptake of LPS by the liver. The uptake and processing of endotoxin is rapid, since label is found early after administration and radioactivity is detected in the bile within 1 h. This radioactivity represents non-detoxified LPS, since it is lethal for galactosamine-sensitised mice after extraction with hot phenol/water. However, in the presence of bile salts, the LPS is non-lethal and not capable of clotting the limulus amebocyte lysate. LPS injection causes bile flow reduction within 45 min. PMID- 3235802 TI - Esophageal dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - To investigate esophageal involvement of scleroderma in primary biliary cirrhosis, esophageal, manometry was performed in 18 patients (16 females, two males) with primary biliary cirrhosis and in a control group of 18 subjects matched by age and sex. All patients were screened for clinical manifestations of scleroderma and for the presence of Sjogren's syndrome. Four patients had scleroderma (all of them with Sjorgren's syndrome), nine had Sjogren's syndrome without scleroderma, and five had neither scleroderma nor Sjogren's syndrome. Three patients with scleroderma had aperistalsis and diminished lower sphincter pressure. Five patients with Sjorgren's syndrome without scleroderma also had esophageal manometric disturbances. Furthermore, lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and distal mean wave pressure (DMWP) were significantly reduced in patients with scleroderma (LESP: 7.5 +/- 1.4 mmHg; DMWP: 29.5 +/- 5.9 mmHg) and in patients with Sjogren's syndrome without scleroderma (LESP: 14.8 +/- 0.8 mmHg; DMWP: 54.3 +/- 7.5 mmHg) compared to controls (LESP: 18.0 +/- 0.7 mmHg; DMWP: 83.9 +/- 5.1 mmHg). By contrast, LESP and DMWP were similar in patients without Sjogren's syndrome (LESP: 17.6 +/- 0.9 mmHg; DMWP: 78.2 +/- 10.9 mmHg) and controls. These results indicate that esophageal motility dysfunction is often present in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who have scleroderma, and also in those with Sjogren's syndrome without scleroderma, suggesting that some esophageal motor disturbances could be related to association with Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 3235803 TI - Mechanisms of acetaldehyde hepatotoxicity. PMID- 3235804 TI - Needlecaps with special provisions to prevent needlestick injuries. PMID- 3235805 TI - Staphylococcal infections in the hemodialysis unit: prevention using infection control principles. PMID- 3235806 TI - A prospective study of infections in hemodialysis patients: patient hygiene and other risk factors for infection. AB - We performed a prospective randomized study on 71 patients on chronic outpatient hemodialysis to determine whether a sterile technique was better than a clean technique for preparation of the skin over the vascular access site prior to cannulation. In addition, we wanted to determine overall and site-specific infection rates, microbial etiologies of infection, and risk factors for infection. The overall infection rate was 4.7 infections per 100 dialysis months; the vascular access-site infection rate was 1.3 infections per 100 dialysis months; and the rate for bacteremia was 0.7 cases per 100 dialysis months. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen, but infections were equally divided between gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. Advanced age (P = 0.02), a low Karnofsky activity score (P = 0.05), poor hygiene (P = 0.0004) and number of hospitalizations (P = 0.0002) were risk factors for infections in general while only poor hygiene (P = 0.002) was a risk factor for vascular access site infection. Sterile preparation of the skin over the vascular access site was no more effective at preventing infection than was clean technique (P = 0.80). Maintenance of good personal hygiene may be one of the most important measures for prevention of infections in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 3235807 TI - An outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis in an urban jail. AB - An outbreak of gastroenteritis in New York City's largest jail involved 145 cases over a two-month period. The outbreak was unusual in that two Salmonella strains (serogroups B and D) were involved. Management of the outbreak involved screening kitchen workers by culture of stool samples, and education regarding personal hygiene. Obstacles to investigation and management of the outbreak arose out of the special nature of the jail environment; these included jurisdictional problems and high turnover of the inmate population. PMID- 3235808 TI - Occult endemic tuberculosis in a chronic care facility. AB - During the course of a tuberculosis skin testing program at a chronic care Veterans Administration Medical Center, we uncovered evidence of occult transmission of endemic tuberculosis. Skin test conversion of eight patients (one of whom had unsuspected progressive primary tuberculosis) and two employees was ultimately traced to a patient in whom tuberculosis was first diagnosed at autopsy three years earlier. Identification of employee skin test conversions was a key factor in recognizing and terminating disease transmission. Throughout the institution, 33% of patients were tuberculin-positive; 10.8% demonstrated the booster phenomenon after initial negative skin tests. Prevalence of tuberculin positivity among employees was 28%. Twelve percent of initially tuberculin negative employees converted during employment. Our experience documents the value of tuberculin testing of both patients and staff in a chronic care environment, and the necessity of vigorous investigation of skin test conversions. PMID- 3235810 TI - Sample size for prospective and retrospective studies: the 2 x 2 table. PMID- 3235809 TI - Nosocomial infections on a rehabilitation unit in an acute care hospital. AB - In a one-year retrospective review, 138 symptomatic infections were identified in 145 admissions to a rehabilitation unit. One hundred twenty-six (91%) infections were either urinary or skin and soft tissue infections. The daily incidence of infection increased with increasing numbers of infections for infected patients. Patient factors associated with infection included male sex, young age, spinal cord injury, admission for management of decubitus ulcers or urinary infection, history of urinary infection, urologic interventions or skin breakdown, and bladder and bowel incontinence. All patients with a history of chronic urinary infection or skin breakdown developed infection. In a logistic regression model, factors that were independently associated with risk of infection in the remaining patients included sex, incontinence, chronic neurologic disease, and prior urologic interventions. This review suggests rehabilitation patients are at high risk of acquiring nosocomial infection. The subgroup of patients with the highest risk of infection are identifiable by specific characteristics. PMID- 3235811 TI - Strength in unity--and creativity. PMID- 3235812 TI - The self-perceived needs of family members with a relative in the intensive care unit (ICU). PMID- 3235813 TI - Reaching out ... to meet the needs of relatives in intensive care units. PMID- 3235815 TI - Can consent be truly informed in the coronary care unit? PMID- 3235814 TI - The use of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction--nursing management. PMID- 3235817 TI - A case of moclobemide overdose. PMID- 3235816 TI - Comparative bioavailability studies with a new mixed-micelles solution of diazepam utilizing radioreceptor assay, psychometry and EEG brain mapping. AB - In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a standard solution of diazepam (DZ) (ValiumR) were compared with those of a novel diazepam mixed-micelles solution (DZ MM) (Valium MMR) both after i.v. and i.m. application utilizing radioreceptor assay, quantitative pharmaco-EEG and brain mapping techniques as well as psychometric and psychophysiological methods. The local tolerance was studied as well. The subjects received randomized and, in weekly intervals, following injections: (1) 10 mg DZ i.v. + placebo i.m.; (2) 10 mg DZ MM i.v. + placebo i.m.; (3) placebo i.v. + 10 mg DZ i.m.; (4) placebo i.v. + 10 mg DZ MM i.m.; (5) placebo i.v. + placebo i.m. Blood sampling, EEG-recordings, psychometric and psychophysiological tests as well as tolerance evaluations were carried out at 0, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. Blood level evaluation demonstrated after i.m. application a significantly shortened tmax, a higher Cmax and generally higher plasma concentrations in the first and second hour following the mixed-micelles solution than the standard formulation, which suggests better absorption of the former than the latter in the muscle. Subsequent to i.v. administration, lower blood levels were observed between 30 min and 2 h after DZ MM than DZ. Power spectral density analysis of the EEG resulted in typical anxiolytic-sedative pharmaco-EEG profiles after all 4 active substances as compared with placebo. However, there were significant inter drug differences as far as topographic aspects (pharmaco-EEG maps) were concerned. DZ MM i.v. induced significantly more initial but also late delta augmentation, alpha attenuation and centroid slowing than DZ i.v. which suggests more sedative effects at those times. Following i.m. application, a significantly more pronounced delta/theta attenuation, beta augmentation and centroid acceleration after DZ MM than DZ suggested more anxiolytic effects of the novel than the standard formulation. Discriminant analysis of changes in 6 thymopsychic, 12 noopsychic and 17 psychophysiological variables demonstrated the best discrimination of the 4 substances based on thymopsychic effects. Considering the latter, all 4 active compounds differed significantly from placebo, with no inter-drug differences after i.v. application but a marked superiority of the novel mixed-micelles solution over the standard solution after i.m. application. Specifically, DZ MM i.m. induced more desactivation and affect attenuation than DZ i.m.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3235818 TI - A comparative study of the interaction of alcohol with alpidem, lorazepam and placebo in normal subjects. AB - Twelve healthy volunteers took part in a double-blind, cross-over comparison of the effects of lorazepam and alpidem on a battery of physiological, psychomotor and subjective tests before and after alcohol. Each subject received each treatment for 8 days and alcohol was given on day 8. Tests were carried out on days 1 and 4 and on day 8 before and after alcohol. Before alcohol the effects of alpidem on most tests were generally similar, but considerably less marked than those seen with lorazepam. There were some interesting differences between the two drugs in the effects on EEG and memory. In line with the effects seen with other anxiolytic drugs, lorazepam decreased the amplitude of auditory evoked potential. In contrast, alpidem was associated with an increase or a significantly smaller decrease. This suggests that there is no attenuation of input or central processing of the auditory stimuli. Both lorazepam and the higher dose of alpidem (50 mg) reduced the number of words recalled but the lower dose of alpidem (25 mg) had significantly less effect on both immediate and delayed recall. These differences persisted after alcohol. On most of the tests the depressant effects of the drug before alcohol were enhanced after alcohol. However, the depressant effects of alcohol combined with active drug were in general no greater than those with alcohol with placebo, suggesting some degree of cross-tolerance. PMID- 3235819 TI - The platelet serotonergic system in depression and following sertraline treatment. AB - This preliminary study examined the effect of 8 weeks' treatment with the serotonin (5HT) uptake inhibitor, sertraline, on the platelet serotonergic system in depression. Patient pre-treatment platelet 5HT uptake rates and 5HT-mediated platelet aggregation responses were significantly reduced compared to the control values. Binding of the tritiated 5HT2 receptor antagonist, 3H-ketanserin, to platelet membranes from the patient group was increased above control levels. All the patients in the study had recovered from the depressive episode, assessed using the Hamilton depression rating scale, following 8 weeks' sertraline treatment. Eight weeks' sertraline treatment also resulted in a normalization of the biochemical parameters examined. Therefore, we conclude that sertraline is an effective antidepressant and these results confirm previous reports of abnormal platelet serotonin transport and aggregation response as putative markers of the depressed state. PMID- 3235820 TI - ADDH and methylphenidate responders: effects on behavior controlled by complex reinforcement schedules. AB - One of the most effective treatments for children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADDH) has been the prescription of methylphenidate (MPH). While laboratory-based evidence indicates that MPH effects may be rate-dependent, little is known about changes evinced in operant behavior controlled by complex reinforcement schedules. The present study examined the effects of several doses of MPH on the operant key-pressing behavior of 20 children with ADDH who were favorable responders to the drug. Following a drug-free training period, each child performed the task across all doses in a randomly assigned sequence under double-blind placebo control conditions. Rate-dependent effects were found for both high- and low-rate reinforcement schedules. The strength of these effects varied across dose. These results have implications for the nature of rate dependent phenomena in humans and investigations of treatment parameters in the pharmacotherapy of children with ADDH. PMID- 3235821 TI - Morphology of ganglion cell dendrites in the albino rat retina: an analysis with fluorescent carbocyanine dyes. AB - The ganglion cell dendrites of the rat retina were investigated by means of the strongly fluorescent, non-polar carbocyanine dye 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3' tetramethyl-indocarbodyanine perchlorate (diI or diI-C18-3 or D282) which was taken up by retinofugal axons and transported in the retrograde direction. The dye completely outlined the somata, the axons and the dendritic trees of several retinal ganglion cells and allowed qualitative and quantitative investigations. By means of this labeling technique, the diameters were determined in 272 dendrites and somata of various ganglion cell sizes. A comparison of the measurements with those reported in the literature revealed that the diI could be taken up by all classes of retinal ganglion cells. The most frequently labeled cells were those of class II, which have small to middle-sized perikarya (16.7 +/ 2.5 microns in diameter) and small to middle-sized dendritic trees (187 +/- 70 microns in diameter) with a high branching frequency (88 +/- 19 branching points). Retinal ganglion cells of class I were less frequent and have large perikarya (21.9 +/- 3.4 microns in diameter) with large dendritic trees (318 +/- 55 microns in diameter) and medium branching frequency (60 +/- 19 branching points). Class III cells which were described incompletely in the literature, appeared to be small to middle-sized in their perikaryal diameter (15.9 +/- 2.5 microns) but have large dendritic trees (299 +/- 63 microns in diameter) and a low branching frequency (40 +/- 10 branching points). In about 10% of the retinal ganglion cells with completely filled dendritic fields, the somata were situated outside the dendritic extensions, as viewed on the whole mounted retina. These "asymmetric" retinal ganglion cells appeared to belong to class II cells and were evenly distributed throughout the entire retina and were not related to neighboring blood vessels. The orientation of the asymmetric dendrites was random in relation to the optic disc. The axons of asymmetric retinal ganglion cells were almost always oriented opposite to the direction of the dendritic trees. If the dendrites extended towards the optic disc, the proximal parts of the corresponding axons were oriented towards the periphery of the retina, turning then at 180 degrees to the optic disc. Less than 1.5% of the retrogradely filled cells were displaced ganglion cells and extended dendritic trees within the deep inner plexiform larger.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3235822 TI - [The ultrastructure of the nucleus of the solitary tract of the sheep and goat]. AB - The sensory nucleus of the IXth and Xth cranial nerve in sheep and goat takes a position in the middle of the elongated medulla forming a bilateral symmetric cell column. Neighbouring the canalis centralis dorsolaterally the caudal segments of both nuclei are connected in the raphe region by a subnucleus commissuralis. The solitary tract defines the nucleus in its lateral extension. The area postrema limits the rostral pole from the surface. Two distinct types of neurones are observed in the light and electron microscope. The small neurones show a paucity of organelles and an invaginated nucleus. According to their synaptic density three variations of small neurones could be distinguished. The large neurones are more compact in their cytoplasmic organisation. According to their size and morphology of vesicles five types of synaptic boutons could be differentiated. Most of the profile of the perikarya is surrounded by astrocytes and their extensions. PMID- 3235823 TI - Unbiased estimate of hippocampal granule cell numbers in hypothyroid and in sex age-matched control rats. AB - Despite the similarities in the processes of cell acquisition between the hippocampal and cerebellar granular layers, it was suggested that changes induced by thyroid deficiency on the neurogenesis of their granule cells were region specific, leading to different end-results: a permanent decrease in the number of the dentate gyrus granule cells in hypothyroids, conversely to what occurs in the cerebellum, where their number is similar to those of controls or even increased. We decided to re-investigate this subject by applying to the hippocampal granular layer the same stereological techniques previously used for the cerebellum which allow a reliable comparative analysis. The sex of the animals was discriminated, as in rodents the hippocampal granule cells display sex dimorphic differences. No significant differences were found between the packing and numerical densities of granule cells in male and female groups of hypothyroid and control rats, as opposed to what happens to the total number of granule cells which was found to be reduced in the former groups. The number of granule cells was significantly increased in control male rats in comparison with control females. A similar sex difference was no longer observed between male and female hypothyroid animals, which suggests that the presence of sex dimorphic characteristics is related to the thyroid hormone levels. It is likely to admit that granule cell reduction might interfere with the hippocampus input and therefore contribute to underly the marked behavioral changes observed in cretinism. PMID- 3235824 TI - Changes of DNA synthesis in brain cortical cells after transplantation of embryonic nervous tissue into the brain of rats after hypoxia. AB - Autoradiographic and biochemical studies with 3H-thymidine have shown that after transplantation of embryonic nervous tissue of rats into the brain of adult rats, intact and subjected to acute hypoxic hypoxia causing mass dystrophy of neurons in the brain cortex of recipients, there occurs stimulation of DNA synthesis in non-nerve cells: glial cells, macrophages and endothelial cells. Stimulation is much more pronounced in the operated hemisphere than in the non-operated one and in intact rats than in hypoxia-subjected ones. On the whole, DNA synthesis was not observed in brain nerve cells except individual neurons located near the wound canal and the transplant. PMID- 3235825 TI - DNA synthesis and mitotic division of cortical neurons in adult rats upon intrabrain transplantation of embryonic nervous tissue. AB - The possibility of DNA synthesis and mitotic division of brain neurons in mammals was experimentally studied. Brain cortex tissue of 17- and 20-day-old rat embryos was transplanted into the sensomotor region of the right brain hemisphere of adult Wistar rats weighing 160-200 g, intact and subjected to hypoxia. 3 days after operation part of animals was injected intraperitoneally with 3H-thymidine at a dose of 10 microCi/g b.w. and killed after 4 days. Brain tissue containing the transplant was used for preparing histological sections and the surrounding cortex tissue was used for obtaining squashed preparations. Preparations of the both experimental series were treated autoradiographically and stained with cresyl-videt. It has been established that in the both experimental series some recipient cortical neurons surrounding the transplant intensively incorporate 3H thymidine in their nuclei (i.e. replicatively synthesize DNA) and a number of nerve cells are in the state of mitotic division. An electron-microscopic study has confirmed that part of mitotically dividing cells have characteristics of neurons: oval bodies without pseudopodia electron-dense cytoplasm with developed organelles and RNP-particles typical of neurons, axonal terminals on the body, and satellitary glia. PMID- 3235826 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for alterations of pituicytes in reanimated rats in connection with experimentally induced clinical death. AB - This work was undertaken to elucidate some ischaemic and postischaemic changes appearing in the neurohypophysial pituicytes of rats which underwent the incident of clinical death. The incident was experimentally induced by compression of the vascular bundle of the heart for 2.5 min. The ultrastructural organization of pituicytes was investigated directly after reanimation and 3 days after surviving the clinical death. These studies provided evidence for numerous alterations in pituicytes indicating a high sensitivity of the cells to the ischaemic conditions. Thus, four varieties of pituicytes were revealed based on their ultrastructural characteristic, namely: "swollen", "dark", "vacuolated" and "intermediate". Except for the "intermediate" pituicytes (abounding in liposomes), embedding of neurosecretory axons in pituicytes was commonly observed, and thus, several phases of axon degeneration due to pituicytes were noted, including disintegrated axolemma and appearance of a peculiar arrangement of microtubules. These findings strongly support the hypothesis of neuronal-glial interaction in the neurohypophysis under physiological and/or pathophysiological conditions. Thus, the results of the present study are discussed in terms of pituicytes involvement in the mechanisms of control (restriction) of neurohypophysial hormones release in reanimated rats. PMID- 3235827 TI - [Cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of the mesencephalon trigeminal nucleus of the domestic chicken]. AB - Position, form, dimensions and fine structure of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the domestic chicken are described. It consists of round to oval large and rare medium sized pseudo-unipolar neurons. The Nissl bodies are scattered throughout the perikaryon of both cell types in a dust like way. Electronmicroscopically the neurons are characterized by numerous neurofilaments, lysosomes and mitochondria. The cell surface shows a moderate distribution of synapses, and few somatic spines and invaginations of the plasmalemma. PMID- 3235828 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of neuroglioform cells in the visual cortex of various mammals (rat, guinea pig, alticola and cat). A Golgi study]. AB - Neuroglioform cells have been studied and compared in visual cortex of rat, guinea pig, alticola and cat in Golgi-material. These neurons possess a distinct morphological pattern, a dense and strictly local dendritic field with many short, fine and radiated dendrites which highly branch near the soma and a very dense axonal plexus of thin, varicose and sinuous branches. Neuroglioform cells were identified in all species and in all laminae of visual cortex. Some features, the size of the soma and the size of the axonal arborization vary among the species. We found small, medium sized and large somata. In general, the axons are confined to the vicinity of the dendritic field, but they can extend to considerable distances beyond it. The form of the soma and the dendritic surface were found to be typical for special species, so the form of the soma in guinea pig neuroglioform cells can be of different size, especially unregularly. In rodents the dendrites bear spines, but the dendrites of the cat are smooth. PMID- 3235829 TI - AIDS-phobia, contact with AIDS, and AIDS-related job stress in hospital workers. AB - In a survey of 237 hospital workers involved in the care of AIDS patients at a major AIDS inpatient-care facility, negative attitudes toward AIDS and AIDS patients (AIDS-phobia) and AIDS-related job stress (AIDS-stress) were common. In multivariate analyses, AIDS-phobia is significantly higher among older staff, those having low contact with AIDS patients (AIDS-contact), and those holding homophobic attitudes. AIDS-phobic attitudes and low AIDS-contact can be interpreted as predicting each other. Finally, AIDS-stress is predicted by low contact with AIDS and AIDS-phobic attitudes. PMID- 3235830 TI - Coming out to mom and dad: a study of gay males and their relationships with their parents. AB - This study explores the relationship between gay men coming out to parents and specific perceived parental variables in an attempt to discriminate between parents who are more or less accepting. In addition, other factors such as how the disclosure occurs and reasons for coming out were investigated. Results indicate that most parents initially react negatively to the disclosure, but become more accepting over time. Parental values and characteristics associated with homophobia were found to be good predictors of the change in parent-son relationship following disclosure. However, the predictions were often in unexpected directions. The majority of respondents reported having a more positive relationship with their mothers than with their fathers, both before and after coming out. PMID- 3235831 TI - Relationship quality of gay and lesbian cohabiting couples. PMID- 3235832 TI - Lesbians over 60 speak for themselves. AB - With all its faults, this study, begun in 1983, is the first attempt to reach a nationwide representation of lesbian elders in order to gather information about their background, their relationship with their families of origin, and, for those married to men, with their husbands, children, and grandchildren. It explores their sexual behavior, both their physical and psychological health, and how aging has affected them. With the relatively meagre data available, it tries to make some comparison between lesbians and gay men over 60. All of this is just a beginning, an effort, it is hoped, that will encourage researchers to investigate further this hidden population that is another fascinating component of our diverse society. Through our research, we established that gay women of advanced age, as we have long surmised, are everywhere. Like their younger cohorts, they live in all regions of America, rural as well as urban. They come in all colors and are from all occupations: professional, business, clerical, trades, domestic work, and land management, to name a few. Many of them are now retired. Their formal education ranges from high school diplomas to doctorate degrees. A few are financially well off, while another few live below the poverty line. The rest enjoy reasonable comfort in their own homes, on modest incomes. In both political and religious affiliation, they tend to be liberal. Their sexual history runs the gamut from exclusively homosexual, through equally homosexual and heterosexual, to asexual. As they age and sex becomes a less significant part of their relationships, companionship grows more important. They prefer to associate with other lesbians within 10 years of their own age, whom they meet in community social groups, through friends, or at work--but not in bars. They do not relish the thought of ending their lives in any institution for the aged, but would consider a gay/lesbian intergenerational retirement community acceptable. Their most serious problems, even with the advantaged group surveyed, are those that affect many women of advanced age in our society: loneliness and economic worries. Although the feminization of poverty has been a topic under public scrutiny for some time, because it involves women of all ages, less attention has been paid to it in relation to the elderly. The equally disabling condition brought on by their isolation and loneliness has also been disregarded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3235833 TI - Diuretics--a risk in the long-term treatment of hypertensive patients? AB - The trial of the European Working Party on High blood pressure in the Elderly (EWPHE) revealed an overall decrease in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the actively treated patients. They received as first-line drugs a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene; methyldopa was added as necessary. The present post hoc analysis examined the effect of the diuretic treatment on cardiovascular events, both when given alone and in conjunction with methyldopa, by calculating the relative hazard rates (RHR) for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Using the Cox proportional hazard model, compared with placebo, a 34% reduction in cardiovascular mortality in the intention-to-treat analysis was demonstrated in the diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene) group with an RHR of 0.66 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.44-0.97; the 16% decrease in the group treated with diuretics and methyldopa was not significant (RHR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.56-1.25). The effect of treatment in the latter combined group became significant (RHR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.95) when all cardiovascular study terminating events were considered; they were reduced by 38%. No effect of treatment on mortality from all causes was detected. PMID- 3235834 TI - Activity of protein kinase C in erythrocytes in primary hypertension. AB - The activity of protein kinase C and A was studied in the erythrocytes of patients with essential hypertension (EH) and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Okamoto-Aoki strain). Protein kinase C activity was also studied in the erythrocytes of patients with hypertension of renal origin. Protein kinase C activity in the lysate of erythrocytes of patients with EH and in SHR was found to be increased 1.6-2.0-fold as compared to that in normotensive controls. No notable differences in protein kinase A activity were observed between hypertensive and normotensive groups. In erythrocytes of patients with renal hypertension, no notable changes in protein kinase C activity were revealed. PMID- 3235835 TI - Maximal aerobic power in essential hypertension. AB - Fifty untreated male patients aged 32 +/- 10 (s.d.) years, referred for hypertension, in whom organ damage was limited to WHO stages I and II, without underlying disease, performed a graded, uninterrupted exercise on a bicycle ergometer up to exhaustion. Mean brachial intra-arterial pressure at rest ranged from 74 to 152 mmHg. Maximal voluntary oxygen uptake was independently and negatively related to resting blood pressure (P less than 0.05), age (P = 0.05), and positively to body weight (P less than 0.05). Pulmonary wedge pressure and the components of the Fick equation--heart rate, stroke volume and arteriovenous oxygen difference--were measured in order to study the mechanisms involved. Stroke volume at peak exercise was inversely (P less than 0.05), and pulmonary wedge pressure positively (P less than 0.01), related to mean brachial artery pressure at rest. Peak heart rate was not significantly related to the severity of hypertension, but was inversely related to age (P less than 0.01). Stroke volume and pulmonary wedge pressure at the end of exercise were both similar in older and younger patients. Arteriovenous oxygen difference at peak exercise was not related either to blood pressure or to age. In conclusion, both high blood pressure and age reduce maximal voluntary oxygen uptake independently of each other by separate mechanisms; the former by an impairment of cardiac function, the latter by the limitation of peak heart rate. PMID- 3235836 TI - Exaggerated natriuresis and lithium clearance in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Since hypertension is associated with changes in the handling of various cations (including sodium and lithium) across the cell membrane, the present study investigated the validity of the lithium clearance method in hypertension by comparing two measures of proximal reabsorption. Thus, fractional lithium excretion and transit time (TT)-occlusion time (OT; e-TT/T) were determined successively in the same spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR, Okamoto strain). The rats were examined both before and after an acute saline load. The results show that the lithium clearance method can be used for the determination of proximal reabsorption in SHR. Utilizing the lithium clearance method, the changes in renal sodium handling underlying the exaggerated natriuresis were investigated in unanaesthetized catheterized rats. It was found that the exaggerated natriuresis was associated with an increased output from the proximal tubule, whereas no difference in distal sodium handling could be detected between SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). PMID- 3235837 TI - Blood pressure and erythrocyte Na+ transport systems in a French urban male population. AB - This paper reports an investigation of blood pressure (taken as a continuous variable) as a function of: erythrocyte Na+ content; Na+,K+ pump; Na+,K+ cotransport and Na+,Li+ countertransport fluxes, and passive cation permeabilities in fresh erythrocytes from 129 French males who were living in an urban area and were not under treatment for any medical condition (after allowing for the effects of age, body mass index, alcohol and tobacco consumption). In contrast with previous findings in a North American population, we were unable to confirm that blood pressure was correlated with erythrocyte Na+ content and Na+,K+-AT-Pase activity. Conversely, the only transport parameter correlated (negatively) with blood pressure was outward Na+,K+ cotransport [r = -0.20, P less than 0.05 and r = -0.19, P less than 0.05, for systolic (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), respectively; n = 114]. When allowing for age, body mass index and alcohol consumption, the correlation coefficient between the Na+,K+ cotransport system and blood pressure increased from -0.20 to -0.28 (P less than 0.01) for SAP and from -0.19 to -0.28 (P less than 0.01) for DAP (n = 105). We conclude that the correlations between blood pressure and erythrocyte Na+ transport function could differ between North American and French (or Mediterranean) populations. In any case, a decreased pump or outward Na+,K+ cotransport activity may lead hypertensive subjects to a similar increase in cell Na+ (and Ca2+) content in the vascular wall. PMID- 3235838 TI - A validation study of the Del Mar Avionics Pressurometer IV according to AAMI guidelines. AB - Guidelines for the evaluation of automatic non-invasive blood pressure (BP) measurement devices have recently been established by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). We evaluated the Del Mar Avionics Pressurometer IV (P4) in tests on 109 subjects, according to these guidelines. Three readings by two observers using a double stethoscope were first compared to each other to determine a standard and then averaged and compared to readings obtained using the P4. The two observers agreed within +/- 6 mmHg or 90% of the readings for both systolic and diastolic BP, with correlations of 0.99 and 0.98 for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. The observers and the P4 in turn agreed to within +/- 6 mmHg for 85% of the readings for systolic BP, with a correlation of 0.98, and 65% of the readings for diastolic BP, with a correlation of 0.69. The correlations for both systolic and diastolic BP increased to 0.99 when readings were restricted to those obtained in individuals who fulfilled our previously defined calibration criterion of +/- 5 mmHg. In addition, we evaluated nine measurements of performance over 60 ambulatory recordings. The most serious problem was that of missing data which occurred in 85% of the recordings, primarily during sleep hours, and was generally attributed to either detection of Korotkoff sounds below 40 mmHg or a failure to detect Korotkoff sounds. PMID- 3235839 TI - Na+-Li+ countertransport in essential hypertension. AB - Several studies on Na+-Li+ countertransport have reported higher rates in essential hypertensive than in normotensives, with a distribution pattern which is dependent on racial and ethnic background. However, it is not well established whether this abnormality in Na+ transport is associated with an abnormal clinical setting. In the present study we have performed a kinetic analysis of the interaction of the Na+-Li+ countertransport system with internal Na+ in erythrocytes from a sample of 72 essential hypertensives and 30 normotensive controls. A significant increase in mean values of the maximal rate of Li+ stimulated Na+ efflux (Vmax; 375.1 +/- 23.8 versus 213.7 +/- 8.5 mumol/l cells per h; mean +/- s.e.m.; Mann-Whitney test: U = 500; P less than 0.0001), as well as in the apparent affinity constant for internal Na+ (KNa; 10.03 +/- 0.08 versus 6 +/- 0.4 mmol/l cells; Mann-Whitney test: U = 718; P less than 0.0079), were observed in essential hypertensives with respect to normotensives. Using the 95% confidence interval of Vmax in normotensives as the normal range, 29 (40.3%) of the essential hypertensives exhibited values above the normal upper limit. The maximal rate (Vmax) and the internal Na+ content required for half-maximal stimulation (K50%) of Na+-K+ ATPase and outward Na+-K+ cotransport, and the rate constant of Na+ leak (KPNa) in this subset were similar to the values observed in the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3235840 TI - A study of some important biological factors influencing infant mortality under Indian conditions. PMID- 3235841 TI - Experience with spontaneous intracerebral haematomas. PMID- 3235842 TI - Liver function tests in cholecystitis. PMID- 3235843 TI - Mitral valve prolapse syndrome: a clinical and echocardiographic profile. PMID- 3235844 TI - Tuberculous basal meningitis with multiple cranial nerve palsies and leprosy. PMID- 3235845 TI - Multiple myeloma with two rate complications. PMID- 3235846 TI - Primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 3235847 TI - Non-suppurative otitis media. PMID- 3235848 TI - The lymphatic route. V. Distribution of human natural interferon-beta in rabbit plasma and lymph. AB - Human natural interferon-beta (HuIFN-beta) was administered through different routes (intravenous [i.v.], intramuscular [i.m.], and subcutaneous [s.c.]) and its distribution in lymph and plasma was evaluated. After i.v. (bolus) administration the lymph/plasma ratio was about 0.35 but it significantly increased (11-fold) after i.m. administration. Addition of human albumin (ALB) to the IFN solution did not favor IFN absorption through the lymphatics. On the other hand, addition of ALB improved IFN absorption through the lymphatics after s.c. administration. These results are interesting because they clarify why IFN beta can exert immunomodulatory activities in spite of very low plasma levels. PMID- 3235849 TI - Molecular profile, tissue distribution and prognostic evaluation of a human melanoma-carcinoma antigen recognized by the murine monoclonal antibody B1.1. AB - Using the murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb) B1.1 we have analyzed the immunochemical profile and the tissue distribution of a human melanoma associated antigen (MAA) carrying an epitope shared by the 180 kd CEA. Results of this study have demonstrated that the epitope expressed by the MAA is carried by a distinct set of molecules of 110-140 kd. Similarly to the 180 kd CEA molecules synthesized by carcinomas, the expression of the melanoma associated CEA like components (MA CEA) is upregulated by IFN-alpha. The tissue distribution of MA-CEA is not restricted to malignant primary and metastatic melanocytic lesions but is found also at low levels in 64% of benign nevi. No circulating CEA was found in patients bearing widespread metastatic disease of MA-CEA positive lesions. Preliminary clinical evaluation of stage I melanoma patients bearing MoAb B1.1 positive lesions has not shown a significative prognostic association of this phenotypic marker with clinical course of the disease. PMID- 3235850 TI - Changes in receptor status after treatment with tamoxifen in endometrial cancer. AB - Estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status was determined in 41 women with operable endometrial cancer before and after administration of tamoxifen (TAM). The first sample was obtained by hysteroscopy to ensure a precise biopsy of neoplastic tissue; the second was done on the surgical specimen. PgR content was significantly increased after TAM treatment and this data was compared with the degree of tumor differentiation. PMID- 3235851 TI - Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Serum lactate dehydrogenase (S-LDH) and its isoenzyme pattern were assayed in 63 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, 37 at diagnosis, 15 at relapse and 11 in complete remission (CR). S-LDH in NHL patients with active disease was higher than in normal subjects and CR patients (p less than 0.001). Among the isoenzymes, LDH-2 and LDH-5 showed no remarked differences; LDH-1 was reduced and LDH-3 and LDH-4 raised in comparison to the normal group (p less than 0.001). S LDH levels and isoenzymes 1 and 4 were influenced by the stage, the histological subgroup and by the presence of general symptoms. In fact, cases in stage IV, with "high-grade malignancy" and with general symptoms, had higher S-LDH levels and more evident LDH-1 and LDH-4 changes than the other stages, the other histopathological subgroups and the cases classified as "A". S-LDH was the same as in normal subjects in the "low-grade" and "intermediate-grade" malignancies as was LDH-1 in stage II and LDH-4 in stages II and III, in "low-grade" malignancy and in the A cases. In contrast, LDH-3 was always high, with no significant difference in relation to the variables considered. Thus, in NHL, LDH-3 seems to be a reliable marker of the presence of the disease in any case, whereas S-LDH is more related to the spread of the lymphoma. PMID- 3235852 TI - Sialic acid, ferritin and CEA levels in peripheral blood and blood draining from the tumor in breast cancer. AB - Concentrations of total serum N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and total proteins were measured in both tumor drainage blood (axillary vein) and in peripheral blood taken during surgery from 44 breast cancer patients. There were no significant differences in any of the markers between mean values in peripheral and tumor drainage blood, between cancer patients and healthy controls, between patients with or without axillary lymph node metastases, or according to the site of breast mass. PMID- 3235853 TI - Monoclonal anti-CEA antibody: factors affecting localization in a preclinical study. AB - 131I-labelled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody was tested in an animal model to evaluate: influence of antibody type (whole versus F(ab')2 fragments), administration route (i.v. versus i.p.), dose of tracer (100 microCi versus 1000 microCi), growth site (s.c. versus i.p.) and size of tumor. Athymic mice bearing CEA-producing human colon carcinoma (HT-29) or human melanoma as an irrelevant tumor (MeWo) received tracer and immunoscintigraphy and the localization ratios (LR) were compared. In HT-29 bearing animals F(ab')2 fragments localized better than the whole antibody. The LR were higher after i.p. administration of the tracer, independently of the tumor characteristics or the injected dose. The highest values were achieved when the radioactivity remaining in the whole body was below 2% of the injected dose. The images were negative when the i.p. injected dose was low or tumor growth was i.p. but positive in the other conditions (i.v. administration, high tracer dose, s.c. tumor growth). In the animals bearing melanoma, images scored positive or negative when the tumor weight was respectively above or below 400 mg, but the LR were always low. PMID- 3235854 TI - Radiolocalisation of an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (FO23C5) and its fragments in a colon carcinoma xenograft model. AB - A new monoclonal antibody designated FO23C5 against a protein component of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been developed. A xenograft system of human colon cancer was used to compare the intact monoclonal IgG with its fragments (Fab')2 and Fab) and with an established anti-CEA antibody (MAb35) and the antibody AUA1 raised against the colon carcinoma cell line. We demonstrate that FO23C5 compares well with the existing anti-CEA antibody and with AUA1, and that F(ab')2 fragments perform best in achieving optimal tumour to normal tissue ratios compared with intact IgG and Fab fragment. PMID- 3235856 TI - [A clinico-pathological study of lymph nodes (intrapulmonary, hilar, mediastinal, and prescalene) in patients with lung cancer--influence of metastasis, dissection, and immunological responses on late survival]. PMID- 3235855 TI - Never say 100 percent. PMID- 3235857 TI - [19 mm St. Jude Medical prosthesis in aortic position]. PMID- 3235858 TI - [Coronary steal in coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula]. PMID- 3235860 TI - [Early postoperative left ventricular function in volume overload from valvular regurgitation with reference to end-systolic pressure, volume and stress relations]. PMID- 3235859 TI - [Surgical treatment of ascending aortic aneurysm with aortic regurgitation using a composite graft]. PMID- 3235861 TI - [Clinical study of prostaglandin (PG) metabolism during extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 3235862 TI - [The effect of transatrial chemical ablation with Lugol's solution on ventricular vulnerability]. PMID- 3235863 TI - [Atrial volumes after Fontan operation]. PMID- 3235864 TI - [Prevention of spinal cord ischemia during aortic cross-clamping of thoracic aorta--use of somatosensory evoked potential]. PMID- 3235865 TI - [Preoperative analysis and surgical treatment of tricuspid regurgitation associated with acquired valvular heart disease]. PMID- 3235866 TI - [New sequential synchronized driving system of intraaortic balloon pumping and left ventricular assist device: influence on endocardial viability ratio and renal blood flow in their combination]. PMID- 3235868 TI - [A successful repair of double outlet right ventricle associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]. PMID- 3235867 TI - [Early and late result of reconstructive operation for congenital mitral regurgitation in pediatric age group]. PMID- 3235869 TI - [Successful aortic and mitral valves replacement by Manouguian's procedure in active infective endocarditis]. PMID- 3235870 TI - [Pneumonectomy of lung cancer diagnosed 21 years after irradiation of 6000 rads for hilar lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 3235871 TI - [Reconstruction of the collapsed lung]. PMID- 3235872 TI - [A case report of aortic, mitral and pulmonary valve endocarditis associated with ventricular septal aneurysm]. PMID- 3235873 TI - [A case report of isolated right ventricular hypoplasia: hemodynamic evaluation of 11 years following ASD closure]. PMID- 3235874 TI - [Halotolerance in microorganisms]. PMID- 3235875 TI - [Bacterial ferredoxins have a common polypeptide folding]. PMID- 3235876 TI - [Peptide C-terminal alpha-amidating enzyme]. PMID- 3235877 TI - Some probability models for diagnosing neurogenic disorders. AB - Healthy human skeletal muscles are composed of two distinguishable types of fibre, apparently randomly arranged within fascicles (bundles of fibres surrounded by connective tissue). Large groups of fibres of the same type indicate a neurogenic muscle disorder. An objective method for detecting nonrandom arrangements of fibres could improve the diagnosis of such disorders, particularly at an early stage. The number of enclosed fibres (NEF)--fibres surrounded by others of the same type--is considered here as a measure of nonrandomness. The distribution of NEF is shown to be approximately negative binomial for a non-free-sampling model, which is then compared with a free sampling model studied previously. A modification for a known boundary effect is also investigated. The models are applied to data from m. vastus lateralis obtained post mortem from 24 previously healthy men. Finally, the relationship between size of biopsy and the accuracy of predictions is discussed. PMID- 3235878 TI - Variable infectiousness in HIV transmission models. AB - Two different approaches to the encapsulation of temporal variation in the infectiousness of HIV-infected persons, and variability in the incubation period of the disease AIDS, in simple homogeneous mixing models of viral transmission in male homosexual communities are described. The first approach is based on the division of the infected population into a series of subclasses with differing levels of infectivity and different durations of occupancy. The second approach is more mechanistic in character and is based on an attempt to relate changes in viral abundance within an infected person to the likelihood that the disease AIDS develops. Variable incubation is induced by variation in the rate of change of viral abundance in the infected population. Numerical projections of changes in the incidence of AIDS through time, generated from both types of model, are compared with projections based on the assumption of constant infectivity throughout the incubation period of AIDS. Model formulation highlights areas in which more detailed quantitative epidemiological studies are required. Methods of parameter estimation and future research needs are discussed. PMID- 3235879 TI - Drawing pedigrees. AB - The problem of drawing a pedigree in a clear and concise manner is discussed and a case is made for the adoption of the marriage node graph as the most appropriate format in which to depict highly looped pedigrees. A method for assigning suitable coordinates to marriages and individuals is then described. This involves use of simulated annealing to search for the clearest picture. The method is illustrated by two examples: the pedigree of Przewalski's Horse and that of the European Bison. PMID- 3235880 TI - [The effects of nicotine on the synthesis and secretion of surfactant in the rabbit fetal lung]. AB - The effects of nicotine administration on the synthesis and secretion of surfactant in the rabbit fetal lung were studied by measuring phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in the fetal lung tissue and amniotic fluid. The concentrations of both PC and PG in the lung tissue were decreased by administering nicotine to the mother. On the other hand, the concentrations of PC and PG in the amnniotic fluid were not altered by nicotine administration. Moreover, the PG/PC ratio in the amniotic fluid of the nicotine group was similar to that of the control group. The plasma catecholamine levels were elevated in the growth retarded fetuses from nicotine-treated mothers. These findings indicated that the administration of nicotine to the mother suppressed the synthesis of surfactant in the fetal lung but enhanced the secretion of surfactant to the alveolar cavity, probably via the stimulation of beta-receptor by catecholamine, and that the biochemical maturity of the surfactant was not altered by the administration of nicotine to the mother. The results of the present study might provide basic information to help to understand the clinical experiences reported by others i.e. that in the newborn from a smoking mother, respiratory distress occurred less frequently than in those from non-smokers. PMID- 3235881 TI - [Fundamental studies on the measurement of plasma concentration of oxytocin during perinatal period]. AB - This is an attempt to establish an easy but reliable method for the measurement of the plasma concentration of oxytocin (OT) during the perinatal period. Samples of blood from pregnant and puerperal women were taken by venipuncture and collected in prechilled vacutainers containing EDTA and ophenanthroline. Acidified plasmas were loaded into a ODS-silica column (SEP-PAK). Rinsing of the column and elution of OT were performed with 5ml of 0.1M acetic acid and 3ml of methanol, respectively. The optimal incubation condition for RIA was 25 degrees C for 24 hours. Dextran charcoal was preferable to second antibody (DASP) for bound/free separation of 125I-OT. The recovery rate for plasma OT levels was 95%. Changes in the OT levels in maternal plasma during labor induced with OT infusion and neonatal suckling in postpartum were well demonstrated by the extracts. Radioimmunoactivity of OT in the plasma extract was observed in exactly the same fraction as that of standard OT on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PMID- 3235882 TI - [Effects of sera of gynecological cancer and pregnancy on cellular immunity]. AB - The effects of sera from untreated gynecological cancer patients in 1st, 2nd, 3rd trimesters of normal pregnancy on PHA and MLR induced lymphocytes blastformation, natural killer cell activity and killer T cell induction were analysed. 1. The 3H thymidine uptake of lymphocytes by PHA and MLR significantly decreased in cancerous and 3rd trimester pregnant sera. It is thought that the existence of non specific immunosuppressive factors in these conditions, and this phenomenon might be caused by coating and/or masking of the surface of the effector cell. The factors might have an effect on the proliferation phase of lymphocyte blastoformation. 2. Normal human lymphocytes pretreated with cancerous sera inhibited natural killer cell activity. This phenomenon could not be demonstrated with pregnant sera. 3. Cancerous and 3rd trimester pregnant sera suppressed the process of killer T cell induction caused by alloantigen. PMID- 3235883 TI - [Relationship between peritoneal cytology and prognosis in endometrial carcinomas]. AB - From 1971 to 1985, peritoneal cytologic examination was performed at the time of operation in 235 previously untreated patients with endometrial carcinoma. The relationship between the cytologic findings and prognoses by stage was investigated. The results were as follows: 1. In the peritoneal cytologic examination, 44 (18.7%) out of 235 cases were positive for cancer cells in all stages, 25 (14.5%) out of 173 cases in stage I, 7 (21.2%) out of 33 cases in stage II, and 8 (32.0%) out of 25 cases in stage III. 2. Among the 20 cases of stage I endometrial carcinoma that had no macroscopic metastasis and had positive peritoneal cytologic findings for cancer cells, 5- and 10-year cumulative survival rates were 94.7 and 94.7%, against 92.7% and 90.9% in cases with negative peritoneal cytology respectively. The recurrence rate in the same stage was 12.0% for positive cases, against 9.5% for negative cases. No significant differences between positive and negative cases were found. 3. In stages II and III, the difference between the survival rates for 9 cases which have positive peritoneal cytology without macroscopic peritoneal metastasis and 47 cases with negative peritoneal cytology were not statistically significant. 4. In endometrial carcinoma without macroscopic peritoneal metastasis, the appearance of cancer cells in peritoneal cytologic examination is not correlated with the prognosis. PMID- 3235884 TI - [Serum CA125 and CA19-9 levels in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and endometrial carcinoma]. AB - The changes in serum CA125, CA19-9, CEA, Ferritin, TPA, IAP and LDH concentrations were measured in 22 primary cases and 7 recurrent cases of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and endometrial carcinoma in order to examine the clinical usefullness of CA125 and CA19-9 as a tumor marker. Localization of CA125 and CA19-9 was also examined in adenocarcinoma, normal endocervix and endometrium immunohistochemically. 1. Twenty-seven percent of primary cases had increased serum CA125 and CA19-9 which decreased rapidly after operation or chemotherapy, reflecting reduction of the tumor mass. 2. In these cases, CA125 or CA19-9 was localized in carcinoma tissues immunohistochemically. On the other hand, in normal endocervical and endometrial glands, CA125 was localized, but CA19-9 was not. 3. In most recurrent cases, serum CA125 and CA19-9 increased early and markedly, compared with the other markers. 4. The change in serum Ferritin, CEA, TPA, IAP and LDH didn't reflect clinical courses such as operation and chemotherapy. In recurrent cases they increased even more slowly and slightly than CA125 or CA19-9. These results show that CA125 and CA19-9 are useful tumor markers in the management of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and endometrial carcinoma, especially in advanced or recurrent cases. PMID- 3235885 TI - [Clinical assessment of body hair growth in Japanese women. The relationship between a grade of hirsutism and the menstrual status]. AB - Three hundred and sixty-nine volunteer women and 308 outpatients were studied to clarify the criteria of hirsutism and the relationship between a grade of hirsutism and menstrual status in Japanese women. The body hair growth was assessed according to the modified score system described by Ferriman and Gallway. The menstrual status was classified into six groups based on basal body temperature. The hair growth score calculated in volunteers tended to be lower than that of western women in most sites. Therefore one criterion of hirsutism in Japanese women should be a score of more than 6 points in our system. There was a close correlation between body hair growth and menstrual status. As a result, it can be considered that the systematic assessment of body hair growth is useful in diagnosing and treating some irregular menstrual patients. PMID- 3235887 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of pulmonary surfactants in fetal rabbit lung. AB - Differentiation and proliferation of the alveolar epithelial cells in fetal rabbit lung were studied by using immunohistochemical techniques. To observe the differentiation of type II alveolar epithelial cells, an antibody to purified rabbit surfactant was prepared and its specificity was checked by Western blot analysis. This antibody reacted with the 29-35 kDa protein group, which was presumed to be the major surfactant associated protein group in rabbit. After immunohistochemical staining, surfactant stained type II cells first appeared during the canalicular stage of fetal lung development. And they were detected prominently in the proximal portion of primitive alveolar zones and the number of stained cells increased rapidly in the succeeding gestational days. Clara cells were also reacted with this antibody during the alveolar stage. The distribution of DNA-synthesizing cells in the developing lung indicated that proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells is reduced earlier in the proximal portion than in the distal portion of primitive alveolar zones. These results suggest that differentiation of type II cells begins during the canalicular stage and it begins earlier in the proximal portion of primitive alveolar zones, which has already ceased prominent proliferation. PMID- 3235886 TI - [The development of a new operating hysteroscopic fiberscope and its clinical application]. AB - A new operating hysteroscopic fiberscope consisting of soft and rigid parts (4.8mm outer diameter) was developed with the support of Fuji Photo Optical Company. The working part of the scope can be divided into three sections: A flexible soft front section, a rotary rigid middle section and a flexible self retained semirigid rear section. With these functional parts the intrauterine target can be approached directly to perform the following operations. 1. Directed intrauterine biopsy. Thirty-five patients diagnosed as having endometrial polyp (13), submucous myoma (8), endometrial hyperplasia (4), endocervical polyp (3), endometrial carcinoma (2) and others (5) underwent direct biopsy with hysteroscopic control. No cervical dilatation or anesthesia was necessary. 2. Transcervical recanalization. In six cases of proximal tubal occlusion, a ureteral catheter or a percutaneous coronary balloon angiocatheter was introduced into the tubal ostium of the obstructed side to resolve the occlusion successfully with concomitant laparoscopy. 3. Hysteroscopic chorionic villus sampling. Chorionic villus sampling was performed with a ureteral catheter under direct hysteroscopic control and ultrasound guidance in eighteen pregnant women at from seven to fourteen gestational weeks. In fifteen cases, the samplings were performed satisfactory. 4. Removal of a lost IUD. Three cases of lost IUD underwent hysteroscopic removal without difficulty. Our results have proved that this scope is a very useful tool for intrauterine operations. PMID- 3235888 TI - Morphological studies on the established cell lines obtained from normal human decidual tissue of an early stage of gestation. AB - The two cell lines, TTK-1 (E) and TTK-1 (F), were established from normal human decidual tissue of early gestation. The primary culture was initiated by a fragment culture technique in July, 1979 and the cultures were passaged about once every two months. Meanwhile two kinds of the cultures, the epithelial-like cell dominant one and the fibroblast-like cell dominant one, had appeared. The former has been subcultivated and maintained at a constant growth rate and designated as the TTK-1 (E) cell line. The latter showed a gradual decline in growth rate and finally growth ceased at 3 years after the initiation of the culture. The sudden onset of growth and colony formation occurred after 4 months of senescence and the fibroblast-like cell culture has been maintained at a constant growth rate and designated as TTK-1 (F) cell line. Morphological studies revealed that the TTK-1 (E) cell line had epithelial-like characteristics and TTK 1 (F) cell line had fibroblast-like features. Both cell lines showed heteroploid karyotypes and tumorigenicity in nude mice transplantation. The two cell lines appeared to be established by spontaneous neoplastic transformations and should be useful cellular models for the study of malignant endometrial tumors. PMID- 3235889 TI - A nuclear DNA study of uterine cervical dysplasia with reference to its prognostic significance. AB - To further define the nuclear DNA content of uterine cervical dysplasia and its relationship to prognosis and epidemiological features, a retrospective study using Papanicolaou stained cytological specimen and TICAS was undertaken. 1. Dysplasia patients was common among young females who had a background of low age first pregnancy, multiple Gravidity-Parity, the complication of inflammation and the use of hormonal contraceptives and progressed rapidly. It is recommended that a test should be repeated within 2 to 3 months regardless of the severity of the dysplasia and patients should be followed up for at least 2.5 to 3 years. 2. The DNA histograms were classified into 3 types (A,B and C): Type C, which had the stem line in an aneuploidy area, showed more severe dysplastic cases. This may be due to the proliferation rate and significant alternation in the chromosomes and mitoses. Nuclear DNA analysis using TICAS and Papanicolaou stained cytological material could discriminate between the progressive group and the persistent or regressive group. In addition, the mean nuclear area might be the best indicator of prognosis in uterine cervical dysplasia. PMID- 3235890 TI - [Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the monitoring of anti-ganglioside GM2 antibody in pregnant women's sera]. PMID- 3235891 TI - Presence of nerve fibers in the human umbilical cord--an electron microscopical histochemical proof. PMID- 3235893 TI - [Venous pressure in the vertebral venous plexus and its role in cauda equina claudication]. AB - The venous pressure in the ascending lumbar vein was measured by catheter and pressure transducer to document venous stasis in degenerative lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Measurement of the pressure in the ascending lumbar vein at rest revealed a progressive rise of the mean pressure from the control group to the lumbar intervertebral disc herniation group, and the lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) group in ascending order. Pressure curve tracings showed a plateau accompanying increased abdominal pressure during the Valsalva maneuver. Phase 3 was defined as the recovery period of decreasing pressure which began with the release of abdominal compression and terminated with the return to the initial pressure. The duration of phase 3 was prolonged in LSCS (p less than 0.01). It followed that the prolonged phase 3 documented the existence of venous stasis and its extent in LSCS. It is conceivable that increased venous pressure in the lumbar vertebral venous plexus participates in the pathogenesis of cauda equina claudication in LSCS. PMID- 3235892 TI - [The efficacy of combined use of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 with calcium supplements in the treatment of osteoporosis]. AB - Synthetic analogue of active vitamin D metabolite, 1 alpha (OH) D3, has been widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the most effective method of treatment is yet to be established. Importance of calcium supplement to improve the calcium metabolism in osteoporosis is also reported by many authors. We have studied the combined effects of 1 alpha (OH)D3 with calcium supplement in preventing progressive decrease of bone mass in patients with osteoporosis. Sixty six cases of postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis were divided into two groups: one treated with calcium alone 1,000 mg a day and the other treated with calcium 1,000 mg and 1 alpha (OH)D3 0.5 microgram a day, and both groups were followed for 24 months. Bone mass was evaluated by microdensitometry of the roentgenograms of the second metacarpal bone. The results revealed that the combined use of 1 alpha (OH)D3 with calcium has a significantly more favorable effect than the use of calcium alone in preventing bone loss. Therefore, 1 alpha (OH)D3 with calcium is useful in the treatment of osteoporosis. The conclusion would be further confirmed with longer term study and a more accurate method of measuring bone mass. PMID- 3235894 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of the vascularized anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve for cubital tunnel syndrome]. AB - Cubital tunnel syndrome is a common entrapment neuropathy and is often treated by anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve. At the time of transposition, neurolysis may impair the blood supply of the ulnar nerve. In an attempt to evaluate the effect of blood supply on clinical results of anterior transposition, the blood flow of the ulnar nerves in dogs following anterior transposition with and without the extrinsic vessels was studied. Blood flow was found to be decreased in the ulnar nerve when the elbow was in a flexed position. After transposition, blood flow was increased when the extrinsic vessels were preserved. A clinical study followed in which twenty-two patients with cubital tunnel syndrome underwent a vascularized transposition of the ulnar nerve. At the time of operation, the superior ulnar collateral artery and inferior ulnar collateral artery were preserved. Ninety-one percent of patients enjoyed excellent or good results. PMID- 3235895 TI - [An experimental study on preventive effect of vitamin E in spinal cord injury]. AB - The effects of vitamin E on compression injury of the spinal cord associated with ischemia were studied in rats. Growing rats were divided into two groups and given diet containing 2 IU/100 g (group C) or 50 IU/100 g (group E) of alpha tocopherol acetate from 8-10 weeks before experiments. The motor disturbance induced by spinal cord injury was greatly reduced by vitamin E-supplementation. After injury, the value of TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) was immediately increased and the level of alpha-tocopherol was correspondingly decreased in the spinal cord. A higher level of TBARS was observed in the proximal region than in the injured region of the spinal cord. The high level persisted for 24 hrs in group C, but decreased within 1 hr in group E. Pathological examination of the spinal cord revealed less damage, such as bleeding and edema, in group E than in group C. PMID- 3235896 TI - [An experimental study on the pathology and role of intervertebral discs in the progression and correction of scoliotic deformity]. AB - This experimental study was designed to clarify the role of the intervertebral disc in the progression and correction of scoliosis. A total of 186 Wistar strain rats were used. Progressive scoliosis-like deformity was produced in tails by fixation of a given strain for a certain period. Changes in the intervertebral disc and epiphysis of one group with removal of the nucleus pulposus, and the other without removal were examined radiologically and pathohistologically. The results are as follows: 1) deformity originated from deviation of the nucleus pulposus toward the convex side and was followed by changes of the concave side, and led to deformities of the epiphysis and vertebral body; 2) on correction of the deformity, deviated nucleus pulposus and contracture of the concave side served as correction-inhibiting factors. The author's results indicate that intervertebral disc affecting the progression and correction of scoliosis are of great clinical significance. PMID- 3235897 TI - [Experimental polymicrobial osteomyelitis produced by both aerobic and anaerobic opportunistic pathogens]. AB - Experimental models of polymicrobial osteomyelitis were prepared using clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis as aerobes and Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides bivius as anaerobes. These pathogens were used because of their opportunistic properties. Two 8 mm long silk threads with the microorganism were inserted into the bone marrow of a rat. The microorganism inoculated was about 10(5) c.f.u. for aerobes and 10(6) c.f.u. for anaerobes. Infected parts observed in the roentgenograms, histopathological changes, and bacterial counts all showed the evolution of osteomyelitis. It was found that our models caused osteomyelitis both when each of S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, B. fragilis, and B. bivius was implanted individually and in their combinations. The patterns of the radiological and the histological observations were almost similar in all cases examined, but their characteristics differed depending on the kinds and combinations of the pathogens. PMID- 3235898 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on the value of MRI in the diagnosis of lumbar disc lesions]. AB - This dissertation reports basic and clinical research performed on the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of lumbar disc lesions. With the T2 weighted spin echo image (T2-W-SE), the center portion of normal discs showed high signal intensity, with gradual drop-off signal intensity toward the edges. Experiments using gelatine indicated that this change in signal intensity resulted from the change in water content of the disc. In contrast to discograms, the use of MRI allowed disc degeneration to be classified into the three levels of "normal", "mild degeneration" and "moderate or severe degeneration". MRI allowed excellent depiction of disc herniation, even where a myelogram showed a complete block, and it also readily distinguished recurrent disc herniation and post-operative scarring. PMID- 3235899 TI - [Transformation of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid to an anaplastic carcinoma after 30 years]. PMID- 3235900 TI - [Membranous glomerulonephritis preceding the onset of rheumatoid arthritis by two years: a case report]. PMID- 3235901 TI - [A case of Wilson's disease presenting with hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 3235902 TI - [Three cases of acute renal failure associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 3235903 TI - [Two cases of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia with autonomic dysfunction such as hypohidrosis and orthostatic hypotension in a family]. PMID- 3235904 TI - [A case of psoriasis vulgaris associated with nephrotic syndrome histologically overlapping of membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 3235905 TI - [Assessment of associated cardiac disorders in 213 consecutive patients with acute cerebral vascular diseases: two-dimensional echocardiographic study]. PMID- 3235906 TI - [IgA class anti-triiodothyronine antibodies in a patient with chronic thyroiditis]. PMID- 3235907 TI - [Two cases (brother and sister) of distal myopathy with rimmed vacuole type--with special reference to histocompatibility antigens (HLA) typing]. PMID- 3235908 TI - [A case report of tetrodotoxin poisoning following ingestion of a trumpet shell "Boshubora"]. PMID- 3235909 TI - [A case of Cushing's disease resulting in remission due to pituitary apoplexy during radiation therapy]. PMID- 3235910 TI - [A case report of Cushing syndrome associated with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 3235911 TI - [Assessment of susceptibility to ventricular tachycardia following myocardial infarction by non-dipolarity of QRST area maps]. PMID- 3235912 TI - [Reevaluation of glucocorticoid therapy on polymyositis: dose-response relationship between glucocorticoid and long-term therapeutic effect]. PMID- 3235913 TI - Isolation of apolipoproteins from carotenoid-carrying lipoprotein in the serum of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. AB - Carotenoid-carrying lipoprotein (CCL) was rapidly isolated from the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of the upstream migrating male chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) by a single-step density gradient ultracentrifugation. The two apolipoproteins (Mr = 24,000 and 12,000; designated apo-I and apo-II, respectively) were readily dissociated and separated in 0.1% SDS by gel filtration chromatography. Prominent features of the amino acid composition in the CCL included the relative high levels of glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, and lysine, and the low cysteine content. Apo-I, as well as the CCL, was rich in glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, and lysine. Compared to the amino acid composition of apo-I, apo-II included relatively high levels of glycine and tyrosine, and low threonine, serine, and arginine contents. When the intact CCL particle was treated with trypsin, apo-I was rapidly proteolyzed, while apo-II was resistant. However, both apo-I and apo-II isolated from the CCL particle were readily digested with trypsin. This suggested that a different structural arrangement rather than the amino acid compositions of the apolipoproteins was associated with the limited trypsin digestion of the CCL particle. Apo-II may be sheltered from the aqueous environment and lie partly within the CCL particle. The properties of both the HDL fraction and apolipoproteins from pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) were similar to those of the CCL from chum salmon. PMID- 3235914 TI - Effect of dietary protein on cholesterol homeostasis in diabetic rats. AB - Normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats were studied in order to examine the effects of altering the type of dietary protein on cholesterol homeostasis. Rats were fed a non-purified or a purified diet containing either casein or soybean protein. The results obtained on the specific aspects of lipid metabolism were remarkably similar in control rats fed the non-purified (Purina Lab Chow) diet or the purified diet with the soybean protein. However, most of the findings obtained with the above two groups were different from those obtained with rats fed the purified diet containing casein. In the latter group, plasma cholesterol was elevated following a 15-day feeding period as compared to the other two dietary groups. The excess plasma cholesterol in the casein-fed group was found in two lipoprotein fractions with densities of 1.023-1.045 g/ml and 1.045-1.086 g/ml, respectively. The latter lipoprotein fraction was also enriched with apolipoprotein E. The casein-fed animals also showed a lower fractional rate of plasma cholesterol esterification and an abnormal accumulation of cholesterol in the body despite inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in the liver and in the intestines. Twelve to 15 days after the induction of diabetes, plasma cholesterol increased to a similar extent in the rats on all three diets. However, the distribution of cholesterol among the lipoprotein fractions was markedly different. The percentage of cholesterol in fractions of d less than 1.086 g/ml was increased while that carried in the fraction of d 1.086-1.161 g/ml decreased in the rats fed the nonpurified diet and the casein diet. In contrast, there was no change in the distribution of lipoprotein cholesterol between the diabetic and the control rats fed the soybean protein diet. The hepatic synthesis of cholesterol was unaltered in diabetic rats fed the nonpurified diet and the purified diet with soybean protein, but was increased 2.4-fold in diabetic rats fed casein. Intestinal cholesterol synthesis was increased in all three dietary groups. The increase was highest in the rats fed casein and lowest in rats fed soybean protein. The rate of sterol synthesis in the kidneys was not significantly affected by the diet or diabetes. In all three dietary groups diabetes led to an abnormal accumulation of cholesterol in the body. This accumulation was highest in the casein-fed rats and lowest in those fed the soybean protein diet. The cholesterol content of the kidneys was markedly increased by dietary casein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3235916 TI - Cyclopentanoid analogs of phosphatidylcholine: susceptibility to phospholipase A2. AB - Six isomers of dipalmitoylcyclopentanetriol phosphocholine (cyclopentano lecithin) were tested as potential substrates for phospholipase A2. Since each of these analogs possesses a configuration that mimics a narrow range of conformations of a glycerophospholipid molecule, the analogs were used to assess the enzyme's conformational requirements. Studies showed that all of the analogs containing the phosphocholine at the C-1 (or C-3) position could be hydrolyzed, while only one of the three analogs that contains the polar head group at the C-2 position was susceptible. Kinetic studies, however, revealed that only the all trans-(1,3/2-1P)-cyclopentano-lecithin gave initial rates of hydrolysis that were measurable by pH-stat. Acyl group specificity of the enzyme towards the all-trans isomer was determined with an analog was acyl groups were distinguishable. The synthesis of this mixed-acid-cyclopentano-PC is described herein. When this analog was enzymatically assayed, results unequivocally showed the enzyme to be specific for C-2 acyl hydrolysis. This specificity, and data showing that the all trans analog is stereospecifically hydrolyzed, indicate that it is acted on in an analogous manner to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. These studies indicate that although the configuration of the analog is not necessarily a prerequisite for hydrolysis, there does appear to be an optimal spatial orientation for enzymatic activity. The analogy between the susceptibilities of all-trans-(1,3/2-1P) cyclopentano-lecithin and glycero-lecithin suggests that the conformation of the glycero-lecithin during phospholipase A2-mediated hydrolysis may be best simulated by the all-trans orientation of C-O bonds in the artificial substrate. PMID- 3235915 TI - Interactions of unconjugated bilirubin with bile salts. AB - The rate of peroxidation of unbound, unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) was used to assess the interactions of UCB with four taurine-conjugated bile salts at pH 8.2, 37 degrees C, and an ionic strength of 0.15. Each of the four structurally different bile salts markedly decreased the rate of peroxidation of UCB in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP); 30% of UCB was bound even at low, premicellar bile salt concentrations (1 mM). At high bile salt concentrations (75 mM), taurocholate (TC) and tauro-3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5 beta-cholan 24-oate (T12-OXO) exhibited the highest degree of inhibition of UCB peroxidation; only 0.6% and 1.1% of UCB were unbound, respectively. Taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC) yielded somewhat less inhibition with 2.0% of UCB unbound. Taurodehydrocholate (TDHC), a bile salt that does not form micelles but does form dimers, was comparable to TC and T12-OXO with unbound UCB of 1.0%. With TC and T12-OXO, apparent affinity for UCB was at least four times greater above the published critical micellar concentration (CMC) than in the premicellar range. TCDC was only studied above its CMC value and only one region of UCB binding was noted. Interaction of UCB with TDHC was similar to premicellar interactions with TC and T12-OXO below 25 mM, but increased to values intermediate between monomer and micelle above 40 mM TDHC, compatible with formation of TDHC dimers above 20 mM. These data show that there are differences in the ability of bile salts to bind UCB. Thus, alterations in bile salt profile in bile might lead to higher concentrations of free UCB in bile predisposing to pigment gallstones. PMID- 3235917 TI - Biosynthetic relationships between three rat apolipoprotein B peptides. AB - Rat liver is unique in secreting very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) with three size-isoforms of apolipoprotein B: PI and PIII correspond to B-100 and B-48, respectively, while PII is slightly smaller than PI and has no counterpart in other species. Antibodies against a fusion protein corresponding to the extreme C terminal region of PI fail to react with PII, suggesting that the latter lacks this moiety. [35S]Methionine-labeled perfused rat liver and isolated hepatocytes secrete labeled PII, but intracellular apoB contains only PI and PIII. The absence of labeled PII from Golgi VLDL, and the absence of continued PII production within the plasma compartment, strongly suggest that PIII-containing VLDL are formed by a one-time proteolytic processing of a certain proportion of PI-containing VLDL at the time of secretion. In contrast, polysome run-off translation experiments and analysis of polysome-bound nascent apoB chains show that both rat liver and intestinal polysomes release PIII-sized peptides directly at the appropriate point of elongation, in a manner incompatible with their formation by posttranslational processing. These results strongly suggest that the large (PI, B-100) and small (PIII, B-48) apoB peptides are translated from separate mRNAs. Thus, although both PII and PIII are C-terminally truncated products of PI, the mechanisms involved are entirely different. PMID- 3235918 TI - Alpha-tocopherol is secreted from rat liver in very low density lipoproteins. AB - Three separate studies were carried out to test the hypothesis that rat liver secretes vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) within very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). i) When the clearance of plasma chylomicrons (CM) and VLDL was blocked by the administration of Triton WR-1339, alpha-tocopherol concentrations increased linearly with time in both classes of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins, although accumulation rates within VLDL exceeded those within CM. For fasted rats, appearance of alpha-tocopherol in VLDL persisted at slightly reduced rates. alpha Tocopherol and triglycerides in the VLDL fraction responded to Triton WR-1339 administration by coordinate increases. In contrast to the situation in serum, alpha-tocopherol concentrations decreased in the liver following injection of Triton. ii) In order to inhibit the secretion of hepatic lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein B (apoB), rats were fed a diet containing orotic acid. This resulted in a reduction of apoB and alpha-tocopherol concentrations in serum and VLDL, whereas the vitamin E content of liver was increased. iii) In primary cultures of hepatocytes, alpha-tocopherol was secreted into the culture media predominantly within VLDL. We, therefore, conclude that the liver secretes alpha tocopherol within VLDL and in this way contributes to the maintenance of serum vitamin E concentrations. PMID- 3235919 TI - Interaction of plasma-derived lipid transfer protein with macrophages in culture. AB - This study investigates the ability of human plasma-derived lipid transfer protein to facilitate lipid transfer to and from intact viable cells in culture. Mouse peritoneal macrophages or J774 macrophages were preincubated with acetylated low density lipoprotein and [3H]oleate/albumin to promote the intracellular synthesis and accumulation of cholesteryl [3H]oleate and 3H-labeled triglyceride. The addition of partially purified lipid transfer protein to cultures of lipid-loaded macrophages resulted in a time and concentration dependent transfer of radiolabeled cholesteryl ester and triglyceride from macrophages to the medium. At 48 hr, lipid transfer protein facilitated the net transfer of 16 and 11% of cellular cholesteryl ester and triglyceride radioactivity, respectively, to the medium; transfer in the absence of the lipid transfer protein was less than 2%. The transfer of cholesteryl ester radioactivity was accompanied by a similar decrease in cellular cholesteryl ester mass indicating a net transfer event. Lipid transfer from cells was not dependent on the presence of a lipoprotein acceptor in the medium; however, low and high density lipoproteins present at 200 micrograms cholesterol/ml did significantly stimulate the transfer protein-facilitated efflux of these lipids. Lipid transfer protein did not appear capable of transferring radiolabeled lipid from low density or high density lipoprotein to macrophages. Radiolabeled cholesteryl ester and triglyceride transferred from cells to the medium by lipid transfer protein were associated with large molecular weight (greater than 2 x 10(6)) components in the medium with an average density greater than 1.21 g/ml; these lipids were not associated with lipid transfer protein itself. However, these radiolabeled lipids were readily incorporated into low or high density lipoproteins when these lipoproteins were added to the medium either during or after its incubation with cells. It is concluded that lipid transfer protein can facilitate the net efflux of cholesteryl esters from intact, living macrophages. These studies suggest a novel and potentially antiatherogenic role for lipid transfer protein. PMID- 3235920 TI - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide reduces macrophage lipoprotein lipase levels: an effect that is independent of tumor necrosis factor. AB - Human monocyte-derived macrophages secrete lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in culture. The regulation of human macrophage LPL production is poorly understood. Since bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alters production of several macrophage secretory products, its effect on human monocyte-derived macrophage LPL was tested. LPS treatment produced a dramatic dose-dependent decrease in LPL activity in macrophage-conditioned media. At 100 ng/ml LPS, medium LPL activity dropped by 60%. The effect of LPS on macrophage LPL activity was rapid, was blocked by polymixin B, and was not due to cytotoxicity. LPS lowers (by about 60%) the steady state level of LPL mRNA, suggesting that its effect is exerted at the level of mRNA metabolism. Since LPS stimulates macrophage production of cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a potent inhibitor of LPL production by the 3T3-L1 adipocyte-like cell line, it was determined whether TNF reduces macrophage LPL levels. Treatment of human macrophages with up to 1000 U/ml of recombinant human TNF had no effect on macrophage LPL activity. When TNF was added in combination with LPS, no additional effect on LPL activity was observed over that seen with LPS alone. Furthermore, the LPS effect was not blocked by a monoclonal anti-TNF antibody. Thus, bacterial LPS potently decreases macrophage LPL activity and mass independent of an autocrine effect of TNF. PMID- 3235921 TI - Synthesis of 24-nor-5 beta-cholan-23-oic acid derivatives: a convenient and efficient one-carbon degradation of the side chain of natural bile acids. AB - An efficient procedure for obtaining nor-bile acids from natural (C24) bile acids is described. Treatment of formylated bile acids with sodium nitrite in a mixture of trifluoroacetic anhydride with trifluoroacetic acid gives, through a "second order" Beckmann rearrangement, 24-nor-23-nitriles. These compounds, on alkaline hydrolysis, afford the corresponding nor-bile acids in high yields. The sequence was successfully applied to the synthesis of 3 alpha-hydroxy-24-nor-5 beta-cholan 23-oic (norlithocholic) acid, 3 alpha,6 alpha- (norhyodeoxycholic), 3 alpha,7 alpha- (norchenodeoxycholic), 3 alpha,7 beta- (norursodeoxycholic), and 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-24-nor-5 beta-cholan-23-oic (nordeoxycholic) acids, as well as 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-24-nor-5 beta-cholan-23-oic (norcholic) acid. 13C-NMR spectra of their methyl esters are reported. The procedure provides a more rapid alternative to the Barbier-Wieland degradation for shortening by one methylene group the side chain of natural (C24) bile acids. PMID- 3235923 TI - Diagnostic illusions: the reliability of random chance. AB - A "Monte Carlo" experiment was performed in order to determine chance concordance rates for multiple test scenarios often encountered in chiropractic diagnosis. The Monte Carlo simulation took into account the following variables: the number of tests involved in the diagnosis; the number of vertebral segments implicated by each test; the proportion of tests in agreement relative to the number of tests performed; and the segmental margin of error accepted. Random data for up to five diagnostic tests performed on 500 "patients" were computer generated and a wide variety of test scenarios analyzed. One typical analysis asked: if four diagnostic tests are performed on each patient, each test implicating on average three vertebral segments, and a plus or minus one segment error margin is accepted, what are the chance odds that any three out of the four tests will implicate the same vertebral segment? The answer, determined by simply counting how often this happened in the 500 "patients," was 89%. Many test scenarios yielded chance levels much higher than might have been expected. High probability situations as well as those test criteria yielding relatively low chance concordance rates are identified. PMID- 3235922 TI - Assay for triacylglycerol lipase by a rapid thin-layer chromatographic technique. AB - A rapid and accurate assay for lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of radioactively labeled triacylglycerols has been developed. Aliquots of reaction mixtures are applied directly, i.e., without extraction of the lipolysis products, to thin layer chromatography plates coated with Silica Gel H containing 5% Na2CO3 (w/w), heated for 10 sec, and developed with diethyl ether-methanol 97:3 (v/v) to a height of 4-5 cm. About 98.5% of the fatty acids are immobilized as sodium salts at the origin of the chromatogram, whereas tri-, di-, and monoacylglycerols migrate close to the solvent front. Adsorbent at the origin and that at the remaining part of the chromatogram are then assayed for radioactivity without prior staining. PMID- 3235924 TI - Surgical model of a chronic subluxation in rabbits. AB - Critically needed in chiropractic research is an animal model of a subluxation that will allow experimental study. Previous attempts in this, as well as other, laboratories have been only minimally successful. We report here the development of a straightforward surgical method of producing a misalignment of the thoracic spine in rabbits, one that appears to be satisfactory for further study. Six New Zealand rabbits were implanted with a 6-cm stainless steel bar wedged between adjacent spinous processes in such a way as to cause a rotatory misalignment of T5. Six additional surgical animals in which the bar was withdrawn served as controls. All of the experimental, but none of the control, animals demonstrated an immediate dramatic rotatory effect after surgery. X-ray and palpatory confirmatory data were suggestive but not conclusive in demonstrating a continuing mimic subluxation. Visual confirmation of at least a slight vertebral abnormality was obtained in all the experimental animals. This type of surgical method may be satisfactory for further study of subluxations. PMID- 3235925 TI - Biomechanical analysis by chiropractic radiography: Part II. Effects of X-ray projectional distortion on apparent vertebral rotation. AB - Projectional distortion in an X-ray image can produce artifacts that cause error in the measurement of vertebral rotation. By means of a stereotaxic positioning device, the effect of varying object-film distance, vertical and horizontal off centering, rotation, and lateral flexion on the amount of distortion in the image of a third lumbar vertebra was determined. Mathematical analysis of the results revealed that projectional distortion due to vertical off-centering does not affect the apparent rotation of the vertebra measurably; that there is a linear relationship between apparent vertebral rotation and horizontal off-centering; for the object-film distances of 35.64 + 0.12 cm and 19.48 + 0.08 cm, the vertebra displayed 1 mm of apparent rotation for every 2 to 3 cm of lateral off centering regardless of whether the vertebra is rotated or laterally flexed; and that as long as a given osseous segment is compared to its adjacent segment (as in analysis for subluxation), the apparent vertebral rotation may be regarded as a sufficiently accurate representation of the actual rotation of the vertebra. PMID- 3235926 TI - Osteoporosis screening and prevention in the chiropractic clinic. AB - Osteoporosis is a significant health problem among women. Fractures appear to occur once bone mass falls below a certain threshold. Maximization of bone mass may therefore constitute a measure for promoting skeletal health. Dietary calcium consumption of 1-1.5 g/day and adequate weight-bearing exercise maximize bone mass in all age groups. A small survey of women attending the chiropractic clinics of Phillip Institute suggests that routine screening for osteoporosis risk factors may be justified. A self-care program for improving skeletal health in women who fail to meet the dietary calcium and exercise risk minimization criteria is provided. PMID- 3235927 TI - Reliability of the Derifield-Thompson test for leg length inequality, and use of the test to demonstrate cervical adjusting efficacy. AB - The Derifield-Thompson test for leg length inequality (LLI) is commonly used by chiropractors to assess a need for adjustment and to evaluate the results of adjustment. The two previous studies testing the reliability of the technique reported conflicting results. This study had two objectives: to demonstrate inter and intraobserver reliability in detecting a LLI as little as 3 mm; and to document what effect Pierce-Stillwagon cervical adjusting has on a functional LLI. Twenty-six subjects walked into five successive examining rooms where a Derifield leg check was performed, including an estimate of the millimeters of difference in leg lengths. The subjects then entered a treatment room where they were randomly given no treatment, cervical adjusting, or gluteal massage. This process continued for 5 cycles. This study demonstrated that clinicians could reliably measure a LLI to less than 3 mm (both inter- and intraobserver), and also detect a change in LLI when the head was rotated. Neither cervical adjustment nor gluteal massage produced a significant change in observed LLI. PMID- 3235928 TI - Post-traumatic cervical syndrome. AB - This article reviews current knowledge concerning post-traumatic syndrome of the cervical spine. A model of the syndrome entity is drawn based upon the structure/function relationship altered as a result of the injury to the cervical spine. Treatment is discussed as it pertains to this model. A need for further research into the question of the syndrome entity and treatment is concluded. PMID- 3235929 TI - Malingering vs. the factitious personality in chiropractic practice. AB - This article details how to identify and treat the malingering patient, which we feel is seen more often than was originally thought in chiropractic practice. A historical perspective of a malingering vs. a factitious personality is examined. The factitious patient is reviewed in detail with special attention to the classic case of Munchausen syndrome. An extensive treatment plan is discussed, including short- and long-term care. The common characteristics, objective tests and studies are reviewed. We theorize that due to our increasing involvement in Workers' Compensation and personal injury cases our attention should be focused more closely on the possibility of these types of patients entering our office. PMID- 3235930 TI - Fracture of the fabella. AB - A very rare case of traumatic avulsion fracture of the fabella in a middle-age lady, presented as intermittent posterolateral localized knee pain accentuated by compression against the lateral femoral condyle and by active and passive knee extension, is illustrated. The accumulated chronic microtrauma of the osteoarthritic fabello femoral joint in this lady especially during the whip-kick of daily breaststroke swimming for over 30 yr, may precipitate a fabella stress fracture. Radiographs reveal bilateral fabellae with a left bipartite fabella as a stress fracture traversing it without displacement; this later became a completely displaced bipartite avulsion fracture after accidental knee hyperextension. Conservative treatment consisted of anti-inflammatory/analgesic cream, cryotherapy, TENS, strapping and avoiding knee hyperextension. PMID- 3235931 TI - Traumatic manubriosternal joint subluxations in two basketball players. AB - Two cases of traumatic manubriosternal joint subluxation without rib fractures in basketball players are illustrated. The incidence of this sport injury is rare. Accidental or intentional violent blows of the elbow to the body of the sternum is the mechanism of this injury. Radiographic analysis of the manubriosternal joint is discussed. Radiographically, the body of the sternum in each case has subluxated posteriorly. The athletes present pain directly at the manubriosternal joint; this may be aggravated by active thoracic hyperflexion or hyperextension. Ordinary or deep breathing does not cause discomfort. Palpation may reveal local tenderness that will be accentuated by ballottement against the manubrium. Conservative treatment consists of manipulative hyperflexion reduction supplemented with antiinflammatory or analgesic cream, cryotherapy, taping or with pad, strapping and rest. PMID- 3235932 TI - Basic vs. applied science. PMID- 3235933 TI - Pharmacological modulation of localized inflammatory reactions: the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug as and adjunct to therapy. PMID- 3235934 TI - Efficacy of various methods of sterilization of acupuncture needles. PMID- 3235935 TI - A hypothesis introducing a new calculation for discal reduction: emphasis on stenotic factors and manipulative treatment. PMID- 3235936 TI - Treatment of lumbar motor unit instability with a custom orthosis: clinical procedure. PMID- 3235937 TI - Static and dynamic components of the chiropractic subluxation complex: a literature review. PMID- 3235938 TI - Changes in electrical activity in muscles resulting from chiropractic adjustment: a pilot study. PMID- 3235939 TI - Radiological and magnetic resonance imaging of cervical spine instability. PMID- 3235940 TI - Making claims. PMID- 3235941 TI - JMPT instructions for authors. PMID- 3235943 TI - Making claims. PMID- 3235942 TI - The chiropractic wars. PMID- 3235944 TI - The development of a third generation system for entering microbiology data into a clinical laboratory information system. AB - Increased demands on technologists' time and the desire to have electronic storage of patient information have led to numerous computer-based efforts to manage microbiology data. Our approach to the design of a new microbiology subsystem has been to maximize the functionality without requiring unusual input devices. DEC VT100-compatible terminals are used for data entry and display. Data are displayed taking advantage of such features of these terminals as reverse video, highlighting, and scroll windowing. Numerous single-key instructions for invoking functions and changing cursor positions have been implemented to minimize keystrokes and to anticipate the entry sequences of the technologists. A program that allows the quick location and display of specimens and results is also included in the package. PMID- 3235945 TI - Development of an inflammatory bowel disease registry. AB - Inflammatory Bowel Disease is characterized by two major entities, Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. These bowel diseases have associated problems involving the eyes, joints, skin, kidneys, immunological system, hepatobiliary system, and psychiatric disturbances. A regional IBD registry encompassing 18 hospitals and IBD specialists in east/northeast Pennsylvania was established to promote awareness of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the disease. Results of this data collection effort will be shared with patients and physicians through the use of newsletters and symposia. A Basic History (HX) form, an Operative Data (OR) form, and an Annual Follow-up (FU) form was used to collect relevant data. Participation is voluntary and all information is confidential. PMID- 3235946 TI - The physician as a locus of authority, responsibility, and operational control of medical systems. AB - Physicians are commonly being excluded from meaningful participation in the planning, implementation, and operation of automated medical systems in hospitals. The authors advocate a rapid shift toward greater physician involvement in such systems, arguing that such a shift is desirable, feasible, and also inevitable. After reviewing the organization of information systems in hospitals, the authors describe the manner in which physician control of medical systems adds to the worth of such systems by enhancing the quality and efficiency of health care delivery. The proposed information system management role of physicians is characterized in terms of authority, responsibility, and operational control. Finally, advice is offered from an organizational perspective for establishing a physician as the hospital Medical Information Director. PMID- 3235947 TI - Operating room scheduling data base analysis for scheduling. AB - A methodology to determine and maintain the schedule times used in a computer based OR Scheduling System is presented. State-of-the-art equations to be used for different scheduling situations are presented and discussed with the attendant data base reduction methodology to provide the scheduling parameters. An example is given of the data reduction methodology as well as suggestions for maintenance of the data base. PMID- 3235948 TI - Computers in hospital management and improvements in patients care--new trends in the United States. AB - This article discusses the current state of informations systems in hospital management. Decision Support Systems (DSS) for the management, administrative and patient care units of the hospital are described. These DSS's include market planning, nurse scheduling and blood screening systems. Trends for future uses of information systems in the hospital environment are addressed. PMID- 3235949 TI - Phenothiazines inhibit cholesteryl ester formation in J 774 monocyte-like cells. AB - The effect of phenothiazines (trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine) on cholesteryl ester metabolism has been investigated in J 774 mouse monocyte-macrophages. The incorporation of oleic acid into cholesteryl ester and the activity of acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol-O-acyltransferase were strongly decreased in cells pretreated for 24 h with trifluoperazine or chlorpromazine. Furthermore, trifluoperazine or chlorpromazine decreased the degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein by J 774 cells. When cell homogenates were preincubated in vitro with trifluoperazine or chlorpromazine, a marked inhibition of acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol-O-acyltransferase activity was observed. In cells incubated with acetylated low density lipoprotein loaded with radiolabeled cholesteryl linoleate, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine dramatically reduced the radioactivity recovered in cholesteryl esters. The radioactivity recovered in free cholesterol was also decreased, but to a lesser extent. These results suggest that phenothiazines could efficiently antagonize cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages by at least two different mechanisms: a reduction of modified LDL catabolism, and a direct inhibition of the enzyme acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol-O-acyltransferase. PMID- 3235950 TI - Measurement of liver iron content in paraffin-embedded biopsies. AB - A reliable method for the determination of total liver iron in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is presented. The correlation with total liver iron in fresh tissue is good (r = 0.92). Material, which is processed routinely in the pathological anatomical department and stored in the archives, can be used for a quantitative iron determination for clinical or research purposes. PMID- 3235951 TI - Plasma sorbitol dehydrogenase determination in experimental hepatotoxicity using the Abbott Bichromatic Analyzer. AB - An automated single reagent micro-assay for the determination of sorbitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.14) catalytic activity concentration in mouse plasma was developed for the Abbott Bichromatic Analyzer (ABA-100). The kinetic rate determination was linear up to 250 U/l, had a CV of 2.65%, and required only 25 microliters of sample. Experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in the mouse by acetaminophen produced a dose dependent increase in blood sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 3235952 TI - Automated determination of serum (plasma) and urine iron: a comparative investigation of chromogens improved tripyridyltriazine micromethod. AB - Four different, well known colour reagents for iron determination were tested in a citrate buffer at pH 2.0 under the same automated standard conditions and compared with a manual reference method on human serum and plasma samples. Specific results were obtained only with the chromogen tripyridyl-s-triazine. A micromethod was developed, which is generally well suited for automated, direct serum iron determinations, with respect to good flow properties, simple reagent composition, high reagent stability, rapid colour development, stable colour complex and high specificity. This method was run on either a Gilford System 203 S, Gilford Impact 400 or a Greiner G-400 analyser and adapted to the Technicon SMAC II, Technicon RA 1000, Eppendorf Epos and Abbott Spectrum automated systems. The tripyridyl-s-triazine method permits the determination of ferrioxamine iron in urine after a simple sample pretreatment. PMID- 3235953 TI - [Annual meeting of the Austrian Society of Clinical Chemistry jointly with the German and Swiss Societies of Clinical Chemistry. Vienna, 1-3 December 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3235954 TI - A general regression procedure for method transformation. Application of linear regression procedures for method comparison studies in clinical chemistry, Part III. AB - The biometrical treatment of laboratory data may require the estimation of a regression line for the transformation of one set of measurements to another. The regression procedure introduced in part I (1) of our work does not always yield unbiased results in such situations, since its estimators are not scale invariant. In part III we present the parameter estimation of a general regression equation which is scale invariant and retains all properties of the method comparison procedure, in particular its robustness. Its application is demonstrated by several examples, and the results are compared with other robust biometrical procedures. The mathematical aspects are explained in the appendix. PMID- 3235955 TI - Rapid gas-chromatographic microdetermination of soluphylline in serum. AB - A nitrogen-specific gas-chromatographic method is described for the quantitative analysis of soluphylline without the need for derivatization or evaporation of solvent, and using only 50 microliters of serum. The analysis is performed isothermally on a silicone stationary phase, 2% SP 2250 DA (Supelco). After a single neutral extraction with ethyl acetate containing the internal standard (beta-hydroxypropyl theophylline), an aliquot of the organic solvent is injected directly into the gas chromatograph. The detector sensitivity (least measurable amount) for soluphylline was 1 ng. PMID- 3235956 TI - Interaction of normal and glycated human haemoglobin with erythrocyte membranes from normal and diabetic individuals. AB - The interaction between normal or glycated haemoglobin and the cytoplasmic surface of human erythrocyte ghost membranes from normal and diabetic individuals was studied at low pH and low ionic strength. Haemoglobin binding to the membrane was monitored by quenching of a fluorescent probe, 12-(9-anthroyl) stearic acid, embedded in the membrane. The quenching occurs by energy transfer from the probe to the membrane-bound haemoglobin molecules. It was found that both glycated and non-glycated haemoglobin bind with higher affinity to membranes from diabetics than to control erythrocyte ghosts. The binding of glycated haemoglobin is significantly less than that of normal haemoglobin to red blood cell membranes from both normal and diabetic individuals. PMID- 3235957 TI - "Lectins as ligands: lessons from 100 years lectinology". 5. Kolner Lectin Meeting. 16 June 1988. PMID- 3235958 TI - [Urolithiasis. Importance of calculus and urine analysis. 3d seminar. 18 March 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3235959 TI - Nine rheumatoid factor assays compared. AB - In this study we have investigated five quantitative and three semi-quantitative rheumatoid factor assays and the Rose-Waaler assay in 120 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and in 76 with other systemic diseases. All tests measure the IgM anti-IgG antibodies. The correlations between the quantitative tests were all higher than 0.86 and much better than between the quantitative and semi quantitative tests and the semi-quantitative tests themselves (r between 0.22 and 0.85). The within run and between run precision studies for the quantitative tests showed CV values lower than 16%. In spite of the standardisation on the WHO and the Center of Disease Control Reference Preparation we found important differences in patient results. From an analytical point of view, the quantitative assays for rheumatoid factors show certain advantages over the traditional haemagglutination tests. PMID- 3235960 TI - Plasma cholinesterase genetic variants phenotyped using a Cobas-Fara centrifugal analyser. AB - A two-step colorimetric method that overcomes the difficulties of the classic 240 nm benzoylcholine assay for plasma cholinesterase has been adapted to a Cobas Fara centrifugal analyser, using choline oxidase coupled with peroxidase/phenol/aminoantipyrine for detection of the choline produced. Reaction conditions of the main reaction are identical to those of the classical benzoylcholine assay. The described method was applied to 105 selected serum samples, previously classified by the Danish Cholinesterase Research Unit as homo or heterozygous for the usual (U), atypical (A), fluoride-resistant (F), or silent (S) allelic variants. The method showed a distinct separation of the various phenotypes, with catalytic activity concentrations, dibucaine numbers, and fluoride numbers directly comparable to established reference values of the manual 240 nm benzoylcholine method. PMID- 3235961 TI - Automation of the prothrombin time assay on a centrifugal analyser using two different chromogenic substrate reagents. AB - Methods employing chromogenic substrates for the photometric determination of prothrombin time have several advantages over conventional coagulometric methods. We evaluated the analytical qualities of two recently introduced reagents for the photometric determination of prothrombin time. The assays were performed on a centrifugal analyser. Both reagents showed good precision, even with sample volumes of 10 microliters or 12 microliters. The stability of the reagents during storage was investigated at 4 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The chromogenic reagent, which contains thromboplastin from human placenta, was compared with a coagulometric method, which includes ox-brain thromboplastin: coagulation activities calculated from International Normalized Ratio values showed good correlation and conformity over the whole test range. The other chromogenic reagent contains thromboplastin from rabbit brain; outside the therapeutic range for oral anticoagulation the results obtained with this reagent showed poor agreement with those obtained with the coagulometric method. Both chromogenic reagents were sensitive to reduced concentrations of coagulation factors of the extrinsic pathway and nearly insensitive to low factor IX concentrations. The results of the photometric test paralleled those of the clotting method during oral anticoagulation therapy. PMID- 3235962 TI - Determination of erythrocyte hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity and its application for study of acute intermittent porphyria. PMID- 3235963 TI - A chromatofocusing study of human chorionic gonadotropin in biological fluids in normal pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and choriocarcinoma. PMID- 3235964 TI - Management of small branching vessels in microsurgery: an experiment on a rat model. PMID- 3235965 TI - Idiopathic voiding dysfunction: a urodynamic basis of differential diagnosis. PMID- 3235966 TI - Comparative study on the high prevalence of bladder cancer in the blackfoot disease endemic area in Taiwan. PMID- 3235967 TI - Comparison of the therapeutic dose and diagnostic dose of 131I in the detection of metastatic foci of differentiated thyroid cancer. PMID- 3235968 TI - Intrasubject reproducibility of oral phenytoin pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3235969 TI - The spread and antimicrobial efficacy of camphorated monochlorophenol. PMID- 3235970 TI - Paraesophageal varices mimicking a mediastinal mass: report of 2 cases. PMID- 3235971 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome: report of a case. PMID- 3235972 TI - Hepatic granuloma manifested as a pseudotumor with calcification: report of a case. PMID- 3235973 TI - Potassium blocks barium permeation through a calcium-activated potassium channel. AB - Single high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels from rat skeletal muscle were inserted into planar lipid bilayers, and discrete blocking by the Ba2+ ion was studied. Specifically, the ability of external K+ to reduce the Ba2+ dissociation rate was investigated. In the presence of 150 mM internal K+, 1-5 microM internal Ba2+, and 150 mM external Na+, Ba2+ dissociation is rapid (5 s-1) in external solutions that are kept rigorously K+ free. The addition of external K+ in the low millimolar range reduces the Ba2+ off-rate 20-fold. Other permeant ions, such as Tl+, Rb+, and NH4+ show a similar effect. The half-inhibition constants rise in the order: Tl+ (0.08 mM) less than Rb+ (0.1 mM) less than K+ (0.3 mM) less than Cs+ (0.5 mM) less than NH4+ (3 mM). When external Na+ is replaced by 150 mM N-methyl glucamine, the Ba2+ off-rate is even higher, 20 s-1. External K+ and other permeant ions reduce this rate by approximately 100-fold in the micromolar range of concentrations. Na+ also reduces the Ba2+ off-rate, but at much higher concentrations. The half-inhibition concentrations rise in the order: Rb+ (4 microM) less than K+ (19 microM) much less than Na+ (27 mM) less than Li+ (greater than 50 mM). The results require that the conduction pore of this channel contains at least three sites that may all be occupied simultaneously by conducting ions. PMID- 3235974 TI - Discrete Ba2+ block as a probe of ion occupancy and pore structure in the high conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channel. AB - In this study, high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels from rat skeletal muscle were incorporated into planar phospholipid bilayers, and discrete blockade of single channels by Ba2+ was studied. With 150 mM K+ held constant in the internal solution, increasing external K+ over the range 100-1,000 mM raises the rate of Ba2+ dissociation. This "enhancement effect," which operates at K+ concentrations 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than those required for the "lockin" effect described previously, depends on applied voltage, saturates with K+ concentration, and is not observed with Na+. The voltage dependence of the Ba2+ off-rate varies with external K+ in a way suggesting that K+, entering the channel from the external side, forces Ba2+ dissociation to the internal solution. With K+ held fixed in the external solution, the Ba2+ off-rate decreases as internal K+ is raised over the range 0-50 mM. This "lock-in" effect is similar to that seen on the external side (Neyton and Miller, 1988), except that the internal lock-in site is of lower affinity and shows only a fivefold preference for K+ over Na+. All the results taken together argue strongly that this channel's conduction pathway contains four sites of very high affinity for K+, all of which may be simultaneously occupied under normal conducting conditions. According to this view, the mutual destabilization resulting from this high ionic occupancy leads to the unusually high conductance of this K+ specific channel. PMID- 3235975 TI - Intracellular Na+ and K+ activities and membrane conductances in the collecting tubule of Amphiuma. AB - Membrane potentials and conductances, and intracellular ionic activities were studied in isolated perfused collecting tubules of K+-adapted Amphiuma. Intracellular Na+ (aNai) and K+ (aKi) activities were measured, using liquid ion exchanger double-barreled microelectrodes. Apical and basolateral membrane conductances were estimated by cable analysis. The effects of inhibition of the apical conductance by amiloride (10(-5) M) and of inhibition of the basolateral Na-K pump by either a low K+ (0.1 mM) bath or by ouabain (10(-4) M) were studied. Under control conditions, aNai was 8.4 +/- 1.9 mM and aKi 56 +/- 3 mM. With luminal amiloride, aNai decreased to 2.2 +/- 0.4 mM and aKi increased to 66 +/- 3 mM. Ouabain produced an increase of aNai to 44 +/- 4 mM, and a decrease of aKi to 22 +/- 6, and similar changes were observed when the tubule was exposed to a low K+ bath solution. During pump inhibition, there was a progressive decrease of the K+-selective basolateral membrane conductance and of the Na+ permeability of the apical membrane. A similar inhibition of both membrane conductances was observed after pump inhibition by low K+ solution. Upon reintroduction of K+, a basolateral membrane hyperpolarization of -23 +/- 4 mV was observed, indicating an immediate reactivation of the electrogenic Na-K pump. However, the recovery of the membrane conductances occurred over a slower time course. These data imply that both membrane conductances are regulated according to the intracellular ionic composition, but that the basolateral K+ conductance is not directly linked to the pump activity. PMID- 3235976 TI - K+ transport properties of K+ channels in the plasma membrane of Vicia faba guard cells. AB - Electrical properties of the plasma membrane of guard cell protoplasts isolated from stomates of Vicia faba leaves were studied by application of the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. The two types of K+ currents that have recently been identified in guard cells may allow efflux of K+ during stomatal closing, and uptake of K+ during stomatal opening (Schroeder et al., 1987). A detailed characterization of ion transport properties of the inward rectifying (IK+,in) and the outward-rectifying (IK+,out) K+ conductance is presented here. The permeability ratios of IK+,in and IK+,out currents for K+ over monovalent alkali metal ions were determined. The resulting permeability sequences (PK+ greater than PRb+ greater than PNa+ greater than PLi+ much greater than PCs+) corresponded closely to the ion specificity of guard cell movements in V. faba. Neither K+ currents exhibited significant inactivation when K+ channels were activated for prolonged periods (greater than 10 min). The absence of inactivation may permit long durations of K+ fluxes, which occur during guard cell movements. Activation potentials of inward K+ currents were not shifted when external K+ concentrations were changed. This differs strongly from the behavior of inward-rectifying K+ channels in animal tissue. Blue light and fusicoccin induce hyperpolarization by stimulation of an electrogenic pump. From slow-whole cell recordings it was concluded that electrogenic pumps require cytoplasmic substrates for full activation and that the magnitude of the pump current is sufficient to drive K+ uptake through IK+,in channels. First, direct evidence was gained for the hypothesis that IK+,in channels are a molecular pathway for K+ accumulation by the finding that IK+,in was blocked by Al3+ ions, which are known to inhibit stomatal opening but not closing. The results presented in this study strongly support a prominent role for IK+,in and IK+,out channels in K+ transport across the plasma membrane of guard cells. PMID- 3235977 TI - Positive, negative, and neutral peer interactions as indicators of children's social competency: the issue of concurrent validity. AB - Many studies examining the effects of treatments for socially isolated/withdrawn children have used behavioral measures to assess children's peer relations. In an attempt to examine the concurrent validity of these measures, we observed 258 preschool children during free play and coded their interactions into the categories of positive, negative, and neutral behaviors. We also interviewed these children individually, using a sociometric nomination procedure, and asked them to indicate liked and disliked peers. Our examination of the results revealed that, consistent with other research, the correlation between the sociometric measures and the children's total rate of interaction with peers was low. In addition, measures of positive, negative, and neutral behaviors were also only weakly correlated with the children's sociometric scores. We agree with others in concluding that multiple methods of assessment are needed to properly assess the adequacy of children's peer relations. PMID- 3235978 TI - Depressive mood in female college students: father-daughter interactional patterns. AB - The interrelationship of sets of father and daughter factors in explaining depressive mood in normal female adolescents was examined. Separate questionnaires were given to 403 college students and their fathers. A mediational model was found, in which two sets of paternal variables were related to the daughter personality set, which in turn was related to her depressive mood. In addition, protective personality attributes of the daughter served both to offset the impact of paternal risk factors and to further strengthen paternal protective factors to reduce frequency of depressive mood. Comparisons are made with an earlier study of sons' depressive mood (Brook, Brook, Whiteman, & Gordon, 1983). PMID- 3235979 TI - Correlates of parenting on a neonatal intensive care unit: maternal characteristics and family resources. AB - The association of maternal characteristics, family resources, and receipt of prenatal care with parenting behaviors observed in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; n = 383) was assessed. The parenting behavior of mothers not receiving prenatal care (n = 128) was compared to that of mothers of the preceding and subsequent admissions (n = 256) by retrospective chart review. Parenting variables included frequency of visits to the NICU and evaluative ratings of parents' involvement with their infant. Parenting of the no-prenatal-care group was significantly less favorable than the control on all comparisons. Factor analysis supported a priori grouping of parenting variables. A stepwise multiple regression of maternal and family characteristics to the factor-derived variable, parenting, showed significant contributions for prenatal drug use and father involvement. Pediatric interventions assessing maternal social and behavioral characteristics are proposed. PMID- 3235980 TI - Shared knowledge about infants among fathers and mothers. AB - Evidence for the exchange of parenting information between low-income White mothers and fathers of infants was found. Mothers had more accurate expectations for normative development than fathers, but more accurate fathers had spouses who were also more accurate--even when education was controlled. Though few significant differences were evident in help-seeking behavior when infant problems were encountered, fathers turned to fewer helpers than mothers and were somewhat more likely to rely solely on their spouse. These data indicate that researchers must consider the exchange of information between spouses, particularly when studying the socialization of parenting among fathers at this stage in the life cycle of the family. PMID- 3235981 TI - Correlates of neonatal morbidity: maternal characteristics and family resources. AB - The association of mental characteristics, family resources, and receipt of prenatal care with infant birth weight, gestational age, and Apgar scores was assessed in a retrospective review of an extant computerized data base of admissions to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; n = 3,818). Prediction variables included mother's age, marital status, health insurance, parity, prenatal health problems, and prenatal drug use. Less favorable infant birth status was associated with prenatal health problems, being single, not having private insurance, obtaining a prior elective abortion, prenatal drug use, and not receiving prenatal care. Stepwise multiple regressions of predictor variables to birth weight and lack of prenatal care were performed. Low birth weight was associated with being single, receiving no prenatal care, and being Black. Lack of prenatal care was associated with mother's age, high parity, prenatal health problems, and prenatal illicit drug use. Pediatric interventions assessing maternal social and behavioral characteristics are proposed. PMID- 3235982 TI - Correlates of depression according to maternal age. AB - A convenience sample of 654 low-income, primarily single, head-of-household mothers participated in a study of the correlates of maternal depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression (CES-D). Across three age groupings, the CES-D was positively correlated with punitive attitudes toward childrearing, inaccurate knowledge of child development, and insufficient social support. Social support was the best predictor of depression from a set of seven potential sociodemographic and psychological predictors. Objective measures of parenting behavior obtained with the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment were not associated with depression. PMID- 3235983 TI - Primary process content in paranoid schizophrenic speech. AB - Free speech samples given by paranoid schizophrenics, nonschizophrenic paranoids, and nonpsychotic psychiatric patients were submitted to computerized content analysis. Speech samples were searched for words belonging to the Regressive Imagery Dictionary (Martindale, 1975), which yields a well-validated measure of primary process content. Three word-concreteness dictionaries were also employed. Compared to the other groups, paranoid schizophrenics produced speech higher in primary process content as well as in transitive verb concreteness. Results are consistent with psychoanalytic theory. PMID- 3235984 TI - AIDS: the challenge and the hope. PMID- 3235985 TI - Caring for patients with AIDS: we've only just begun. PMID- 3235986 TI - Universal blood and body fluid precautions. PMID- 3235987 TI - AIDS: opportunistic diseases and their physical assessment. PMID- 3235988 TI - Pain management in the patient with AIDS. PMID- 3235989 TI - Meeting the challenge of caring for HIV-infected patients through primary nursing. PMID- 3235990 TI - One response to the AIDS epidemic. PMID- 3235991 TI - A successful approach to AIDS education. PMID- 3235992 TI - AIDS and the young adult. PMID- 3235993 TI - The asymptomatic HIV-infected woman: strategies for primary nursing care. PMID- 3235994 TI - AIDS: what is at stake and how nurses cope. PMID- 3235995 TI - The pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus infections. PMID- 3235996 TI - Oxygen toxicity protecting enzymes in the human brain. AB - Regional distribution of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities were studied in 22 anatomic sites of 5 human brains. No significant regional differences were observed in cytosolic activities of any enzyme studied, nor in particulate activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase, whereas particulate glutathione peroxidase activities were distributed unevenly, the highest activities observed in the basal nucleus and amygdala. There were significant interindividual differences in the activities of each enzyme. This was shown to result partly from the decrease of cytosolic superoxide dismutase and catalase activities with age, concurrently with age-related decrease of particulate glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. PMID- 3235997 TI - Suppression of neuroleptic-induced persistent abnormal movements in Cebus apella monkeys by enantiomers of 3-PPP. AB - Effects of the enantiomers of the dopamine (DA) autoreceptor agonist 3-PPP (0.5 8.0 mg/kg body weight, i.m.) were studied in three Cebus apella monkeys with persistent abnormal movements induced by prior long-term treatment with fluphenazine enanthate. In 2 of the animals, (-)-3-PPP abolished the abnormal movements while producing only negligible acute motor effects (trembling and stereotypy). (+)-3-PPP, administered to one of these monkeys, also produced a dose-dependent suppression of the persistent abnormal movements, along with the appearance of acute motor signs including tongue protrusions, hyperkinesia, and stereotypy; at the highest dose, there was a biphasic effect. In the first phase, there were pronounced acute motor signs but no persistent abnormal movements. In the second phase, there were neither acute nor persistent abnormal movements. One monkey was unaffected by (-)-3-PPP or low doses of (+)-3-PPP; a higher dose (4 mg/kg) produced hyperkinesia and increased persistent abnormal movements in one experimental setting. The suppression of neuroleptic-induced persistent abnormal movements by 3-PPP enantiomers may be related to their ability to act as autoreceptor agonists, while the acute motor signs produced by higher doses of (+)-3-PPP may be due to activation of postsynaptic DA receptors. The present findings suggest that (-)-3-PPP and drugs with a similar pharmacological profile might be effective as symptomatic treatments for tardive dyskinesia, with little chance of inducing acute extrapyramidal side-effects. PMID- 3235998 TI - Neural attrition following limb loss and regeneration in juvenile lobsters. AB - Lobsters have considerable regenerative capacity, being able to regrow an entire, albeit smaller, limb in one intermolt. Whether there is a corresponding downscaling in the hemiganglion and its nerves to the regenerate side compared with its contralateral intact side was examined in juvenile lobsters which had undergone single or multiple (2, 4, and 6) cycles of limb loss and regeneration on the one side. The limbs studied were the enlarged thoracic chelipeds or claws which appeared as paired symmetrical cutter-type claws. The size of the regenerate limb, as indicated by its propus length, was approximately 30% smaller than its intact counterpart. Correspondingly, the total number of axons in the nerves to the regenerate side was smaller than on the intact, contralateral side. Such attrition was also by about 30% in lobsters experiencing a single cycle of limb loss and regeneration, but was considerably greater with multiple cycles. Tissue degeneration was occasionally seen in the nerves to the regenerate side but not in the ganglion. The paired hemiganglia were equivalent in all respects except in the size of the neuropil, which was smaller on the regenerate side compared with the contralateral intact side. Neuropil attrition was most marked with multiple cycles of limb loss and regeneration. Such attrition in nerve and neuropil are most likely due to the reduced number of sensory elements in the newly regenerated, but smaller, limb. PMID- 3235999 TI - Peptide B induction of bag-cell activity in Aplysia: localization of sites of action to the cerebral and pleural ganglia. AB - The bag cells of the marine mollusc Aplysia are model neuroendocrine cells involved in the initiation of egg laying and its associated behaviors, but the natural stimulus triggering bag-cell activity is not known. The atrial gland of A. californica, an exocrine organ in the reproductive tract, contains two structurally related peptides (A and B) which can induce an afterdischarge in vitro, and these peptides can be used to probe the central nervous system for sites where extrinsic excitatory input onto the bag-cell system might occur. These sites were identified in a series of lesion and ablation experiments. The entire central nervous system was removed from an animal and placed in a chamber with two compartments which could be independently perfused, allowing peptides (atrial gland extract or purified peptide B) to be selectively applied to specific regions of the nervous system while bag-cell activity was monitored using extracellular suction electrodes. Afterdischarges were consistently and reliably induced when peptides were applied to the cerebral ganglion, the pleural ganglia, the cerebropleural connectives, or the rostral 10-15% of the pleurovisceral connectives, provided that an intact neuronal pathway connected the site of peptide application with the bag cells. In contrast, afterdischarges were never observed when peptides were selectively applied to the buccal or pedal ganglia and only rarely observed when applied to the abdominal ganglion and caudal pleurovisceral connectives. These results support the hypothesis that bag cell processes and/or neuron(s) presynaptically excitatory to the bag cells are located in the pleural and cerebral ganglia and narrow the region of the central nervous system where the critical initiator element(s) can be identified. PMID- 3236000 TI - Application of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) for the investigation of DNA spatial structure by a chemical modification method. AB - It was shown that the treatment of a DNA fragment and a hepta-decanucleotide having a hairpin structure by Ru(2,2'-bipyridyl)3(3+) complex at 15 degrees C in 1 M NaCl for 10-60 min, and subsequent hydrolysis in 1 M piperidine at 95 degrees C led to the specific cleavage of the polynucleotide chain at guanosine residues in the single-stranded regions. This method can be used for the studying of nucleic acids secondary structure. PMID- 3236001 TI - Oxygen activation and ligand binding by pure heme-octapeptide microperoxidase-8 (MP-8). AB - The rapid, efficient preparation of pure microperoxidase-8 (MP-8) is described. Ligand binding studies confirm that MP-8 is monomeric in alkaline solution. It is shown that the monomeric MP-8 activates oxygen in a similar manner to that already reported for alkaline hemin, establishing the octapeptide as a possible second generation model for the oxygen activation/insertion reactions of the cytochrome P-450. PMID- 3236002 TI - Ferriprotoporphyrin IX mediated oxygen activation/insertion reactions: the anerobic reduction of the aniline-Fe3+-microperoxidase-8 complex by NADH. AB - A spectrophotometric study of the reduction of the Fe3+ microperoxidase-8-aniline (Fe3+-MP-8-An) complex has been carried out. Addition of NADH to a solution of Fe3+-MP-8-An under strictly anerobic conditions results in the formation of a species with lambda max = 414 nm (Fe3+-MP-8-An lambda max 407 nm). The kinetics of formation of this species show an induction period (tau) which follows saturation kinetics with respect to [aniline] with Km(app) = 2.2 x 10(-3) mol dm 3, i.e., close to that obtained in the preceding paper from O2 consumption kinetics mediated by MP-8. Addition of an anerobic solution of the NADH reduced MP-8-An complex, to a saturated O2 solution at pH 12 in the presence of 0.5 mM NADH and aniline 10 mM results in the virtual elimination of the induction phase, which has previously characterized O2 consumption kinetics in ferriprotoporphyrin IX oxygen activation systems. The Arrhenius activation energy for the reduction of the Fe3+-MP-8-An complex is close to that observed for the first reductive step in the cyt P-450 O2 activation cycle. Anerobic reduction of Fe3+-MP-8 by sodium dithionite in 20% MeOH/Aq at pH 8 followed by anerobic titration of the Fe2+-MP-8 (lambda max 420.5 nm) with aniline at pH 12 gives rise to a species lambda max 415 with KD for the process = 4.4 x 10(-3) mol dm-3 (+/- 1.2 x 10(-3) mol dm-3). PMID- 3236003 TI - Resonance Raman spectroscopy of hemoglobin in intact cells: a probe of oxygen uptake by erythrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Resonance Raman spectra from intact viable erythrocytes can be used to study oxygen uptake in solution. In addition to changes in the oxidation state marker (nu 4), other bands due to the porphyrin ring (nu 3) and vinyl modes indicate subtle changes at oxygen pressures close to where the T/R change occurs. A comparison of whole cell and lysate spectra indicates a partial denaturation of hemoglobin on lysis. A simple smear technique is used to measure spectra from rheumatoid and normal blood. Results indicate a faster but less complete uptake of oxygen in cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis than is the case in normal cell populations. PMID- 3236004 TI - Resonance Raman spectra of bovine liver catalase: enhancement of proximal tyrosinate vibrations. AB - Resonance Raman spectra of native bovine liver ferri-catalase have been obtained in the 200-1800 cm-1 region. Excitation at a series of wavelengths ranging from 406.7 to 514.5 nm has been used and gives rise to distinct sets of resonance Raman bands. Excitation within the Soret and Q-bands of the heme group produces the expected set of polarized and nonpolarized porphyrin modes, respectively. The frequencies of the porphyrin skeletal stretching bands in the 1450-1700 cm-1 region indicate that catalase contains only five-coordinate, high-spin heme groups. In addition to the porphyrin modes, bovine liver catalase exhibits bands near 1612 and 1520 cm-1 that are attributable to ring vibrations of the proximal tyrosinate that are enhanced via resonance with a proximal tyrosinate----Fe(III) change transfer transition centered near 490 nm. Similar bands have been observed in mutant hemoglobins that have tyrosinate axial ligands and in other Fe(III) tyrosinate proteins. No resonance Raman bands have been observed that can be attributed to degraded hemes. The spectra are relatively insensitive to pH over the range of 5-10, and the same spectra are observed for catalase samples that do and do not contain tightly bound NADPH. Resonance Raman spectra of the fluoride complex exhibit porphyrin skeletal stretching modes that show it to be six coordinate, high spin, while the cyanide complex is six coordinate, low spin. Both the azide and thiocyanate complexes, however, are spin-state mixtures with the high-spin form predominant. PMID- 3236005 TI - Irritant principles of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). XIII. Oligocyclic and macrocyclic diterpene esters from latices of some Euphorbia species utilized as source plants of honey. AB - The latices of the three South African species Euphorbia ledienii, Euphorbia coerulescens, and Euphorbia triangularis, belonging to a group of cactiform Euphorbias locally called "Noors," were shown to contain four 12-mono- and three 13,20-diesters of the tetracyclic tigliane type parent alcohol 12-deoxyphorbol [1]. In addition, two 13,16-di- and two 13,16,20-triesters of the related 12 deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol [9] were obtained. Ester groups in 1 and 9 are made up of acetic, isobutyric, tiglic, angelic, and 2-methylbutyric acid; their positions in the parent alcohols were identified. The free parent alcohols were not detected in the latices. On the mouse ear all esters isolated showed moderate irritant activity as compared to the tigliane-type standard TPA. In addition to the oligocyclics listed above, the latex of E. ledienii also yielded five esters of the macrocylic, lathyrane type parent alcohol ingol [14]. In the two triesters and three teraesters the ester groups were made up of acetic, tiglic, and 2 methylbutyric acid (positions in 14 unidentified). None of the ingol esters showed irritant activity. PMID- 3236006 TI - Isolation and structure of the cytostatic lignan glycoside phyllanthostatin A. AB - An unusual cytostatic (PS ED50 4 micrograms/ml) lignan ester has been isolated from the Central American tree Phyllanthus acuminatus and designated phyllanthostatin A [1]. Separation of an MeOH extract of the root by size exclusion chromatography, high speed counter-current distribution, and semipreparative hplc afforded glycoside 1 in 0.007% yield. In solution, phyllanthostatin A was slowly transformed into justicidin B [4]. The structure of lignan glycoside 1 was determined by hrfabms and 2D-nmr spectroscopy. PMID- 3236007 TI - Retrodihydrochalcones from Dracaena loureiri. AB - The first four members of a new class of natural products, the retrodihydrochalcones, have been isolated from the leaves of Dracaena loureiri. The structures of the loureirins 1-4 were elucidated through interpretation of their spectroscopic data, with particular use being made of the selective INEPT nmr technique. PMID- 3236008 TI - 1H-nmr analysis of herbimycins and dihydro-herbimycins. AB - Herbimycin A [1] and herbimycin C [3] and their dihydro-derivatives 5 and 6, respectively, have been obtained from the cell broth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus, and the assignment of their 1H-nmr has been completed. Strong cytotoxic activity of antibiotics 1, 3, 5, and 6 against the P-388 and KB lymphocytic leukemia test systems has been demonstrated. PMID- 3236010 TI - Diterpenoids from the roots of Salvia hypargeia. AB - From the root extracts of Salvia hypargeia, in addition to the known diterpenoids cryptanol and horminone, six new abietane diterpenoids were isolated. The structures of the new and the known compounds were established by spectral data. The new compounds, hypargenins A, B, C, D, and F, showed antibacterial activity, while hypargenin F was also active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hypargenin E did not exhibit antibacterial activity. PMID- 3236009 TI - Polypodoside A, an intensely sweet constituent of the rhizomes of Polypodium glycyrrhiza. AB - Polypodoside A, a novel intensely sweet constituent of the rhizomes of Polypodium glycyrrhiza, was established by spectral and chemical methods as 26-O-alpha-L rhamnopyranosyl-polypodogenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyran osyl- (1----2)-beta-D glucopyranoside [1]. At the doses tested, this isolate was not acutely toxic for mice and was nonmutagenic with Salmonella typhimurium strain TM677. This compound was rated by a human taste panel as exhibiting 600 times the sweetness intensity of a 6% w/v aqueous sucrose solution. PMID- 3236011 TI - Alkaloids from a panamanian poison frog, Dendrobates speciosus: identification of pumiliotoxin-A and allopumiliotoxin class alkaloids, 3,5-disubstituted indolizidines, 5-substituted 8-methylindolizidines, and a 2-methyl-6-nonyl-4 hydroxypiperidine. AB - Dendrobates speciosus is a small red or orange frog that occupies a small geographic range in the highlands of western Panama, where it occurs abundantly in some cloud forest habitats. Gc-ms analysis indicated the presence of at least 30 alkaloids in MeOH skin extracts from population samples at the extreme eastern end of the known geographic range. Eleven alkaloids were isolated by cc in quantities sufficient for 2D-nmr spectral analysis, which in some cases confirmed their identity with alkaloids known from other species and in other cases led to assignment of structures. Pumiliotoxin 251D, pumiliotoxin A [307A], pumiliotoxin B [323A], and allopumiliotoxin 267A were identified as major constituents. N Oxides of 323A and 267A were also isolated. Indolizidines 195B and 223AB with 3 butyl-5-methyl and 3-butyl-5-propyl substituents, respectively, were identified. The 5-substituents of the 8-methyl-indolizidines 207A and 235B' were assigned as (CH2)3CH = CH2 and -(CH2)5CH = CH2, respectively; indolizidine 235B' from D. speciosus is, thus, a positional double-bond isomer of indolizidine 235B previously isolated from a closely related poison frog, Dendrobates pumilio. A piperidine 241D was isolated and assigned the structure cis-cis-2-methyl-6-nonyl 4-hydroxypiperidine. PMID- 3236012 TI - Constituents of Michelia Rajaniana. Two new germacranolide amides. AB - Six components have been isolated from the bark of Michelia rajaniana, and their structures have been determined by spectroscopic analysis. Four of the components have been reported previously: The germacranolide (-)-parthenolide and the oxoaporphinoid alkaloid liriodenine have been observed as constituents of several species, and (-)-bisparthenolidine and (+)-paramicholide have been reported recently by us as constituents of Paramichelia baillonii. The two new components 3 and 4, which are novel derivatives of parthenolide and contain an unusual N acetyl substituent at C-13, have been given the names (+)-N-acetylparthenolidine and (+)-N-acetyl-8 alpha-hydroxyparthenolidine, respectively. The crude CHCl3 extract of the bark of M. rajaniana exhibited strong cytotoxicity in the KB cell culture assay. PMID- 3236013 TI - Puertitols: novel sesquiterpenes from Laurencia obtusa. Structure elucidation and absolute configuration and conformation based on circular dichroism. PMID- 3236014 TI - Halleridone, a cytotoxic constituent from Cornus controversa. PMID- 3236015 TI - Two new bioactive carbazole alkaloids from the root bark of Clausena harmandiana. PMID- 3236016 TI - Psychiatric morbidity and illness behaviour in female neurological in-patients. AB - Ninety three female neurological in-patients were assessed in a collaborative neurological and psychiatric study. An overall prevalence of definite psychiatric disorder of 34% was found, depression being the most common diagnosis. Psychiatric morbidity was most common when the neurologist felt that the presentation could not be explained by a neurological disorder. The majority of such patients had symptoms which could be explained by the psychiatric disorder but a substantial number could not be given a definite diagnosis. The General Health Questionnaire was not found to be a useful screening instrument in this setting. PMID- 3236017 TI - DNA lability induced by nimustine and ramustine in rat glioma cells. AB - The DNA labile sites induced by two nitrosoureas, nimustine (ACNU) and ramustine (MCNU) synthesised in Japan, have been examined in highly reiterated DNA sequences of rat glioma cells. Reiterated fragments of 167 and 203 base pairs (bp), obtained after Hind III and Hae III restriction endonuclease digestion of rat glioma cells DNA, were used as target DNA sequences to determine the labile sites. In vitro reaction with ACNU and MCNU resulted in scission products corresponding to the locations of guanine. Subsequent piperidine hydrolysis produced more frequent breaks of the phosphodiester bonds at guanine positions, thus forming alkali-labile sites. PMID- 3236018 TI - Parkinson's disease and depression: psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory. AB - Although the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most frequently employed measures of depression in Parkinson's disease, the somatic items included in the scale raise questions about its ability to differentiate depression from manifestations of the disease. The internal consistency and validity of the BDI as a measure of depression in a sample of 119 Parkinson's disease patients and 76 controls were studied. Results from an item analysis suggested that depression in Parkinson's disease patients is not a somatic artifact. Internal consistency reliability within the Parkinson's disease group was high. The factorial validity of the BDI was confirmed in both Parkinson's disease and control subjects. The results also indicated that Parkinsonian symptoms of depression can be measured separately from symptoms of the disease. These data suggest that the BDI including the somatic items is a reliable and valid measure of depression in Parkinson's disease and control subjects. PMID- 3236019 TI - The effect of frontoparietal lesions on stability and tremor in the finger. AB - Assessment of stability and tremor in the fingers in patients with unilateral frontoparietal lesions involved the task of attempting to keep the finger still on a typewriter key connected to a strain gauge. In patients with no or minimal pyramidal motor signs and/or cortical sensory signs, the amplitudes of tremor compared with normal controls showed that the contralateral side was not significantly different from normal but that the ipsilateral side was significantly less stable than normal. In normal subjects the tremor seen during the task, and determined from the fast Fourier transform, (FFT), showed a peak at 1-3Hz and a gradual falling off to background levels by 6Hz or so. In patients with spasticity, weakness and sensory impairment there was an additional peak of tremor seen at 6-7Hz ipsilateral to the cerebral lesion. PMID- 3236020 TI - Evaluation of thermal, pain, and vibration sensation thresholds in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients. AB - Small and large fibre function was studied in 40 non-ketotic, newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetic patients and 48 age-matched controls, using 12 quantitative tests for assessment of cutaneous sensation. Patients were aged 10-39 years and had been treated with insulin for 4-31 days. Thermal discrimination (foot), warm and cold thermal perception (thenar eminence and foot), and heat and cold pain perception thresholds (thenar eminence) were significantly elevated in the patients as compared with the controls (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001). No significant differences in thermal discrimination (thenar), heat and cold pain perception (foot), and metacarpal as well as malleolar vibration perception thresholds were noted between the groups. The rates of abnormalities among the individual tests ranged from 0% to 27.5%, being lowest for vibration perception and highest for thermal perception thresholds after cold stimuli. The results in nine of 12 tests correlated significantly with age, but only two were related to HbA1c. Thus, sensory neural functions transmitted by small fibres, but not those transmitted by large fibres, were impaired in newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetics after the correction of initial ketosis and hyperglycaemia. Cooling perception tests were most sensitive in detecting abnormality. An age-related involvement of different small fibre functions was present in these patients. PMID- 3236021 TI - Interhemispheric disconnection effects in multiple sclerosis. AB - Patients with multiple sclerosis reported less left ear numbers but more right ear numbers than controls in a dichotic listening test. The multiple sclerosis patients were also relatively impaired on three learning tasks; one of these, a test for paired-associate learning of names and faces, correlated with left ear findings; the results are interpreted as supporting a hypothesised disconnection mechanism. PMID- 3236022 TI - Memory disorder related to coma duration after head injury. AB - The relationship of memory and intelligence test performances to coma duration was studied in 51 head injured patients who had not been operated on for intracranial haematoma. Memory defect was related to coma duration, and was not secondary to impaired perceptual or conceptual analysis of the material to be remembered. PMID- 3236023 TI - A technique to detect psychogenic sensory loss. AB - Tactile thresholds were measured in six patients with psychogenic hypaesthesia using a forced choice procedure. The response to stimuli close to threshold differed in a characteristic manner from that seen in patients with peripheral or central nervous system damage. PMID- 3236024 TI - A universal subarachnoid hemorrhage scale: report of a committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies. PMID- 3236025 TI - Chorea: a new manifestation of mastocytosis. PMID- 3236026 TI - What is a "cryptic" arteriovenous malformation? PMID- 3236027 TI - Horner's syndrome due to superior-mediastinal schwannoma. PMID- 3236028 TI - Thrombosis of cerebral veins following intravenous application of clomipramine. PMID- 3236029 TI - Myotonic dystrophy with unilateral bulbar involvement. PMID- 3236030 TI - Sixth cranial nerve palsy complicating psittacosis. PMID- 3236031 TI - Motor axon loop as a source of error in the measurement of motor nerve conduction velocity. PMID- 3236032 TI - Computed tomographic findings of brain and skull in myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 3236033 TI - Unexplained chronic subarachnoid bleeding and a slowly progressive neurological syndrome. PMID- 3236034 TI - Sample design considerations for indoor air exposure surveys. PMID- 3236035 TI - A continuous quantitative detection method for total mercaptans, organic sulphides, H2S, and CS2 for odouriferous emissions. PMID- 3236036 TI - Hospital waste disposal by incineration. Waste streams, technology, and state requirements. PMID- 3236037 TI - Hospital red bag waste. An assessment and management recommendations. PMID- 3236038 TI - State and federal air toxics developments: disclosure strategies overtake regulation. PMID- 3236039 TI - SARA Title III, Section 313--looking ahead. PMID- 3236040 TI - The value of monitoring for radon in the home: a decision analysis. PMID- 3236041 TI - Compositions of particles from selected sources in Philadelphia for receptor modeling applications. PMID- 3236043 TI - A dispersion and receptor model analysis of a western community's PM-10 problem. PMID- 3236044 TI - Hazardous waste minimization: Part IX. Waste minimization in the automotive repair industry. PMID- 3236042 TI - Validation of models for predicting formaldehyde concentrations in residences due to pressed-wood products. PMID- 3236045 TI - Planning and conducting sampling surveys of hazardous wastes at industrial facilities. PMID- 3236046 TI - Shell Conference on Computer-Aided Molecular Modelling. October 4-6, 1987, Hoenderloo, The Netherlands. PMID- 3236048 TI - Dynamic simulation as an essential tool in molecular modeling. PMID- 3236047 TI - Computer-aided molecular modelling: research study or research tool? AB - Developments in computational methods and equipment have produced a new type of research chemist, who prefers to calculate properties as well as measure them, either to gain a better understanding of microscopic molecular behaviour per se, or to guide a broader scientific study using a so-called 'rational' approach. While there is good reason to believe that significant results can be obtained this way, it is clear that only some of the 'tools of the trade' are sufficiently robust to present to those who are not experts in the field. This paper discusses the underlying basis for molecular modelling techniques, describing their history, state of maturity and prospects for future development. The intention is to outline the scope that these play in an industrial research environment, and to examine how they can successfully be incorporated as routine research tools. Computer-based molecular modelling is not a unique discipline. Some comparisons are drawn between it and other computer-based techniques that have reached a greater degree of maturity, in order to highlight the points made. PMID- 3236049 TI - Application of semi-empirical and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. PMID- 3236050 TI - Crystallographic modelling. AB - The project on crystallographic modelling aims at extending the application of interactive graphics to inorganic structures. Starting from the available expertise in organic and protein modelling, the symmetry of the crystal structure is used not only to draw fixed models of many unit cells of the structure, which as an entity can be interactively manipulated, but also to change details of the structures interactively with retention of the original symmetry. Real-time shifts of atom positions are automatically applied to all symmetry-equivalent atoms given the symmetry constraints. This also applies to translations and rotations of groups of atoms. In order to get feedback about these structural changes one can simulate powder diffraction patterns in real-time mode and compare them with the experimental powder patterns. These features are crucial in truly crystallographic modelling, but have not been implemented before in other programs. The program can be used in combination with standard molecular modelling programs and is also interfaced to the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. Before describing the realization of these features on state-of-the-art hardware, we will review the expertise in molecular modelling and discuss an MS DOS program to study inorganic crystal structures. PMID- 3236051 TI - Strategies for modelling of catalysts. AB - The strategy summarised above in which modelling calculations are combined with QM cluster calculations is a viable procedure for the study of catalysis. Our discussion has emphasized studies of zeolite catalysts but the same approach could be used in modelling reactions catalysed on metal and metal oxide surfaces. Moreover, the techniques and potentials are available for these methods to have a wide range of applications. PMID- 3236052 TI - Periodicity coding in the inferior colliculus of the cat. I. Neuronal mechanisms. AB - 1. Temporal properties of single- and multiple-unit responses were investigated in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the barbiturate-anesthetized cat. Approximately 95% of recording sites were located in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC). Responses to contralateral stimulation with tone bursts and amplitude-modulated tones (100% sinusoidal modulation) were recorded. Five response parameters were determined for neurons at each location: 1) characteristic frequency (CF); 2) onset latency of responses to CF-tones 60 dB above threshold; 3) Q10 dB (CF divided by bandwidth of tuning curve 10 dB above threshold); 4) best modulation frequency for firing rate (rBMF or BMF; amplitude modulation frequency that elicited the highest firing rate); and 5) best modulation frequency for synchronization (sBMF; amplitude modulation frequency that elicited the highest degree of phase-locking to the modulation frequency). 2. Response characteristics for single units and multiple units corresponded closely. A BMF was obtained at almost all recording sites. For units with a similar CF, a range of BMFs was observed. The upper limit of BMF increased approximately proportional to CF/4 up to BMFs as high as 1 kHz. The lower limit of encountered BMFs for a given CF also increased slightly with CF. BMF ranges for single-unit and multiple-unit responses were similar. Twenty-three percent of the responses revealed rBMFs between 10 and 30 Hz, 51% between 30 and 100 Hz, 18% between 100 and 300 Hz, and 8% between 300 and 1000 Hz. 3. For single units with modulation transfer functions of bandpass characteristics, BMFs determined for firing rate and synchronization were similar (r2 = 0.95). 4. Onset latencies for responses to CF tones 60 dB above threshold varied between 4 and 120 ms. Ninety percent of the onset latencies were between 5 and 18 ms. A range of onset latencies was recorded for different neurons with any given CF. The onset response latency of a given unit or unit cluster was significantly correlated with the period of the BMF and the period of the CF (P less than 0.05). 5."Intrinsic oscillations" of short duration, i.e., regularly timed discharges of units in response to stimuli without a corresponding temporal structure, were frequently observed in the ICC. Oscillation intervals were commonly found to be integer multiples of 0.4 ms. Changes of stimulus frequency or intensity had only minor influences on these intrinsic oscillations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236053 TI - Periodicity coding in the inferior colliculus of the cat. II. Topographical organization. AB - 1. The topographical distributions of single-unit and multiple-unit responses to amplitude-modulated tones--and to other relevant parameters of simple tonal stimuli--were defined across the main frequency representational gradient and within narrow frequency ranges represented in "frequency band laminae" in the principal midbrain auditory nucleus, the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC), in adult, barbiturate-anesthetized cats. 2. Responses to amplitude-modulated tones with the carrier set at the characteristic frequency (CF) of recorded neurons were obtained at many ICC locations in each experiment. The best modulation frequency (BMF) of neurons was defined at each site as that modulation frequency producing the highest neural discharge rate. Encountered BMFs ranged from approximately 10 to 1,000 Hz. A significant range of BMFs were recorded for neurons with any given characteristic frequency. BMF ranges varied as a systematic function of CF and of ICC recording depth. 3. Recorded BMFs were distributed topographically within functionally defined ICC frequency band laminae. Highest BMFs were found clustered in an ICC sector roughly between the middle and lateral third of its frequency band laminae. Progressively lower BMFs were recorded with increasing distance across the laminae in any direction away from the highest-BMF cluster. That is, "iso-BMF contours" were arrayed concentrically around the highest-BMF region. 4. Within frequency band laminae centered at approximately 3 and 12 kHz, quality factors (Q10 dBS) of frequency tuning curves were found to be between 0.8 and 8. Q10 dB values were distributed topographically within given frequency band laminae. Responses with narrow tuning curves (high Q10 dB values) were clustered in the middle third of the mediolateral extent of laminae; sharpness of tuning declined systematically away from this focus of highest Q10 dB values. The center of this distribution did not coincide with the center of the BMF distribution within the same lamina. 5. For neurons at greater than 90% of the ICC loci studied in these experiments, onset latencies to CF tones defined approximately 60 dB above response threshold fell within a range between 5 and 18 ms. Across a given frequency band lamina, onset latencies varied systematically, with longest response latencies recorded medially, and progressively shorter latencies recorded progressively more laterally. 6. Binaural interaction types were systematically distributed within frequency-band laminae. A cluster of excitatory-excitatory (EE) was seen, covering approximately one-third of the mapped area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236054 TI - Convergence of retinal W-cell and corticotectal input to cells of the cat superior colliculus. AB - 1. Conduction velocities of retinotectal W-cell afferents were estimated from differences among latencies of collicular unit responses to supramaximal stimulation of the contralateral optic disk (OD), optic chiasm (OX), and ipsilateral optic tract (OT). W-cell afferents driving collicular neurons had very slowly conducting axons, nearly all below 8 m/s (mean = 5.3 m/s). These match the conduction velocities of W-cell axons terminating in the uppermost superficial gray layer and triggering juxtazonal potentials (JZPs). Such slow conduction velocities are typical of W-cells belonging to the W2 subclass ("phasic W-cells"), but are slower than nearly all W1 cells ("tonic W-cells"). 2. Most W-driven cells were activated at latencies longer than expected for monosynaptic input from these W-cell afferents. However, comparable delays were observed among JZPs, which signal monosynaptic excitation of collicular neurons by W-cell terminals. This suggests that the delayed activation of W-driven cells reflects slowed conduction in the preterminal segments of W-cell afferents rather than polysynaptic transmission of W-cell signals through intermediary neurons in the brain stem or cortex. Thus monosynaptic inputs from retinal W2 cells appear to drive most neurons of the superficial collicular layers. 3. Convergence of retinotectal W-cell and corticotectal pathways was assessed by recording responses of W-driven collicular cells to intracortical stimulation of area 17. The great majority of W-driven collicular cells were activated by cortical stimulation (41/52; 79%), indicating that such convergence is widespread. 4. The population of corticotectal cells influencing W-driven collicular cells may differ from that mediating Hoffmann's Y-indirect pathway. W-driven collicular cells were activated from the striate cortex at longer latencies (mean = 6.3 ms) than cells driven by the Y-indirect pathway (mean = 2.5 ms). In addition, cortically activated W-driven cells were common throughout the superficial gray layer, whereas cells driven by the Y-indirect input were encountered only in the deepest part of the superficial gray and below. 5. W2 cells, apparently the dominant retinotectal cell type, nearly all project contralaterally and are tuned for slow stimulus velocities. Thus the binocularity of W-driven collicular cells and their sensitivity to moderately fast stimulus motion probably reflect the convergent cortical input described here. PMID- 3236055 TI - Combination-sensitive neurons in the ventroanterior area of the auditory cortex of the mustached bat. AB - 1. Because the ventroanterior (VA) area is one of the target areas of the FM-FM area in the auditory cortex of the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii parnellii, response properties of combination-sensitive neurons in this area were studied with constant-frequency (CF) tones, frequency-modulated (FM) sounds, and sounds similar to the bat's biosonar signal (pulse), which consisted of long CF components (CF1-4) and short FM components (FM1-4). CF1-4 and FM1-4 are the components in the four harmonics (H1-4) of the pulse. 2. Combination-sensitive neurons are clustered in a small area immediately anteroventral to the Doppler shifted CF processing (DSCF) area and posteroventral to the anterior division of the primary auditory cortex. Because this cluster in the VA area is small, it was difficult to record a sufficient number of combination-sensitive neurons to explore the functional organization of the cluster, but it was found that the response properties of these VA neurons were unique. 3. Combination-sensitive neurons in the VA area are tuned to particular combinations of signal elements similar to the first and second harmonics of the pulse and/or echo. Unlike neurons in the FM-FM, dorsal fringe (DF), and CF/CF areas, no neurons in the VA area are tuned to the signal elements in the first and third or fourth harmonics. 4. The great majority of combination-sensitive neurons in the VA area can not be easily classified into either FM-FM or CF/CF neurons, because they show facilitative responses to combinations of CF1/CF2, FM1-FM2, and FM1-CF2. Therefore, they are called H1-H2 neurons. In the FM-FM and CF/CF areas, all the neurons could be easily classified as FM-FM or CF/CF. This uniqueness of H1-H2 neurons is related to the fact that their best frequencies for facilitation are predominantly between 61.0 and 62.0 kHz, i.e., within the frequency range of stabilized Doppler-shifted echo CF2. 5. In addition to 27 H1-H2 neurons, 7 FM1 FM2 neurons were also recorded in the VA area. The best delays of these H1-H2 and FM1-FM2 neurons measured with FM1-FM2 pairs are between 1 and 10 ms. Unlike neurons in the FM-FM and DF areas, their delay-tuning curves are very broad, even if their best delays are short, and extend beyond zero delay to several millisecond "negative" delays of the FM2 from the FM1, i.e., several millisecond delays of the FM1 from the FM2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236056 TI - Postsynaptic potentials recorded in neurons of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus following electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm. AB - 1. We recorded intracellularly from X and Y cells of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus and measured the postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) evoked from electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm. We used an in vivo preparation and computer averaged the PSPs to enhance their signal-to-noise ratio. 2. The vast majority (46 of 50) of our sample of X and Y cells responded to stimulation of the optic chiasm with an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) followed by an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP); these were tentatively identified as relay cells. We quantified several parameters of these PSPs, including amplitude, latency, time to peak (i.e., rise time), and duration. 3. Among the relay cells, the latencies of both the EPSP and action potential evoked by optic chiasm stimulation were shorter in Y cells than in X cells. Furthermore, the difference between the latencies of the EPSP and action potential was shorter for Y cells than for X cells. This means that the EPSPs generated in Y cells reached threshold for generation of action potentials faster than did those in X cells. The EPSPs of Y cells also displayed larger amplitudes and faster rise times than did those in X cells, but neither of these distinctions was sufficient to explain the shorter latency difference between the EPSP and action potential for Y cells. 4. The EPSPs recorded in relay Y cells had longer durations than did those in relay X cells. Our data suggest that the subsequent IPSP actively terminates the EPSP, which, in turn, suggests that the time interval between EPSP and IPSP onsets is longer in Y cells than in X cells. Furthermore, we found that, for individual Y cells, the latency and duration of the evoked EPSP were inversely related. These observations lead to the conclusion that the latency of IPSPs activated from the optic chiasm is relatively constant among Y cells and thus independent of the EPSP latencies. Thus the excitation and inhibition produced in individual geniculate Y cells may originate from different populations of retinogeniculate axons. 5. The IPSPs recorded in geniculate relay cells following optic chiasm stimulation could be divided into three groups based on their durations. The majority of both X and Y cells showed short-duration IPSPs, whereas the remainder of Y cells displayed medium-duration IPSPs, and the remaining X cells displayed long-duration IPSPs. A positive correlation was seen between the time to peak and duration of these IPSPs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236057 TI - Analysis of effective synaptic currents generated by homonymous Ia afferent fibers in motoneurons of the cat. AB - 1. We have developed a technique to measure the total amount of current from a synaptic input system that reaches the soma of a motoneuron under steady-state conditions. We refer to this quantity as the effective synaptic current (IN) because only that fraction of the synaptic current that actually reaches the soma and initial segment of the cell affects its recruitment threshold and firing frequency. 2. The advantage of this technique for analysis of synaptic inputs in comparison to the standard measurements of synaptic potentials is apparent from Ohm's law. Steady-state synaptic potentials recorded at the soma of a cell are the product of IN and input resistance (RN), which is determined by intrinsic cellular properties such as cell size and membrane resistivity. Measuring IN avoids the confounding effect of RN on the amplitudes of synaptic potentials and thus provides a more direct assessment of the magnitude of a synaptic input. 3. Steady-state synaptic inputs were generated in cat medial gastrocnemius (MG) motoneurons by using tendon vibration to activate homonymous Ia afferents. We found that the magnitude of the Ia effective synaptic current (Ia IN) was not the same in all MG cells. Instead, Ia IN covaried with RN (r = 0.64; P less than 0.001), being about twice as large on average in motoneurons with high RN values as in those with low RN values. Ia IN was also correlated with motoneuron rheobase, afterhyperpolarization duration, and axonal conduction velocity. 4. A comparison of transient Ia EPSPs with steady-state Ia EPSPs (Ia EPSPSS) evoked in the same cells suggested that the effective synaptic current that produces the transient Ia EPSP was also greater in motoneurons with high RN values than in those with low RN values. 5. The factors responsible for the Ia IN-RN covariance are uncertain. However, our finding greater values of Ia IN in high RN motoneurons is consistent with other evidence suggesting that Ia boutons on these motoneurons have a higher probability for neurotransmitter release than those on low RN motoneurons (19). 6. The neural mechanisms underlying orderly recruitment are discussed. The effect of the Ia input is to produce an approximately twofold expansion of the differences in motoneuron recruitment thresholds that are generated by intrinsic cellular properties. It is suggested that the higher efficacy of Ia input in low-threshold motoneurons confers particular importance on this input system in the control of vernier movements (7). PMID- 3236058 TI - Eye movements induced by linear acceleration on a parallel swing. AB - 1. Horizontal and vertical eye movements were induced in normal human subjects by sinusoidal linear acceleration on a parallel swing. The swing frequency was 0.3 Hz and the peak horizontal and vertical acceleration ranged from 0.17 to 0.48 and 0.03 to 0.34 g, respectively. Eye movements were recorded with the scleral search coil technique. 2. With the subjects seated in the dark to stimulate the otolith ocular reflex, swing displacement along the interaural axis induced horizontal eye movements with a mean sensitivity to translation (ST) (peak eye velocity/peak swing velocity) of 3.8 to 4.7 degrees/m and a mean phase shift (eye velocity re swing velocity) of -152 to -160 degrees. Vertical eye movements had ST and phase values comparable to those of the horizontal eye movements. When the subjects sat facing forward so that the horizontal linear accelerations occurred in the occipitonasal axis, almost identical vertical but no consistent horizontal eye movements were induced. In each case the horizontal and vertical eye movements were proportional to the horizontal and vertical displacement of the swing. 3. With the subject seated in the light looking to an earth-fixed target (synergistic visual-vestibular interaction), the gain (peak eye velocity/peak target velocity) of induced eye movements was near 1, and the phase was compensatory (i.e., approximately -180 degrees) for all stimuli (even at target velocities at which the pursuit gain was less than 1). Subjects were able to suppress the otolith-ocular responses by fixating on a target attached to the swing. The ST decreased by an order of magnitude compared with measurements in the dark without a fixation target. 4. Subjects were able to augment the ST (horizontal and vertical) by imagining an earth-fixed target. Halving the distance of the imagined target approximately doubled the ST. 5. In two of three subjects tested, the ST measured with mental alerting in the dark adaptively increased (approximately doubled) after 20 min of continuous synergistic visual vestibular interaction. The subject who did not show an adaptive increase in ST began with the highest value of the 10 normal subjects. 6. We conclude that during linear accelerations of the head the otolith signal is correctly interpreted as head movement and not rotation of the gravity vector. The otolith ocular reflex interacts with the visual pursuit system to improve ocular stability during translational head movements. PMID- 3236059 TI - Rhythmic fluctuations of dorsal root potentials and antidromic discharges of primary afferents during fictive locomotion in the cat. AB - 1. This study examines rhythmical activity of primary afferents occurring during "fictive" locomotion in decorticate paralyzed cats. Oscillations of the dorsal root potential (DRP) at the frequency of the locomotor rhythm have been observed at the lumbosacral and cervical levels. In addition, rhythmic antidromic discharges of primary afferent units have been recorded from the proximal stumps of cut dorsal root filaments. A detailed study of the relationships between the DRP fluctuations, the antidromic discharges, and the locomotor activity monitored by recording extensor and flexor muscle nerves is presented. 2. Typical DRP recordings from both lumbosacral and cervical levels show two negative waves (N1 and N2) separated by positive troughs (P1 and P2) in each locomotor cycle. Linear regression analyses indicate that the first negative wave (which generally has the largest amplitude) is related to the flexor activity whereas the second is related to the extensor activity. The relative amplitude of the two negative waves may vary without apparent concomitant changes in the recorded flexor or extensor motor nerves. The positive troughs occur respectively close to the period of transition between flexor and extensor activities and between extensor and flexor activities. 3. DRPs of similar period and amplitude can be observed in different ipsilateral roots recorded simultaneously. The DRPs recorded bilaterally from the same segment have the same periodicity but are out-of-phase. Point-to-point variations of amplitude in bilaterally recorded roots are not correlated. This suggests that the polarization of primary afferents on one side is mainly related to the locomotor events on that side. DRPs have been recorded in cats spinalized at Th13 and injected with nialamide and l-DOPA. This suggests that although the supraspinal contribution may be important, at least part of the DRPs may result from locomotor activity within the spinal cord itself. 4. A salient finding in our experiments was that of rhythmic antidromic unit discharges in the proximal stump of cut dorsal root filaments. Of the 194 units recorded, 19% (37/194) discharged in distinct bursts occurring at fixed times in the locomotor cycle. The majority of the units discharged either one burst during the period of flexor or extensor activity or one burst during one of the two periods of transition. Three units discharged two bursts per locomotor cycle. The frequency of the antidromic discharges of some units in one limb were also found to be modulated by stimulation of the skin or passive manipulation of the limbs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236060 TI - The accessory optic system of rabbit. I. Basic visual response properties. AB - 1. The response properties of accessory optic system (AOS) neurons were assessed using single-unit extracellular recording from each of the three AOS terminal nuclei [medial, lateral, and dorsal terminal nuclei (MTN, LTN, and DTN)] in the anesthetized rabbit. 2. AOS neurons had large, monocular (contralateral) receptive fields (tens of degrees on a side) and exhibited a pronounced selectivity to the speed and direction of movement of large, textured patterns. The greatest responses occurred at slow speeds on the order of 0.5 degrees/s. 3. MTN and LTN neurons responded best to movement in near vertical directions. However, the stimulus directions corresponding to the greatest excitation and the greatest inhibition both had a posterior component and, thus, the preferred excitatory and inhibitory directions were not opposite each other. DTN neurons responded most strongly to horizontal movement and were excited by temporal to nasal movement. 4. AOS neurons were unresponsive to natural vestibular stimulation presented as sinusoidal oscillations of the rabbit about the yaw, pitch, and roll axes. 5. The response properties of AOS neurons are remarkably similar to those of the ON, direction-selective ganglion cells of the rabbit retina, and therefore this class of ganglion cell is most likely the predominant, if not the only, direct retinal input to the AOS. The local direction-selective properties of AOS neurons can be accounted for by combining the tuning curves of ON, direction-selective ganglion cells in a simple manner. 6. The low speed preference of AOS neurons, along with their large receptive fields suggests that they are suited to complement the vestibular system in detecting self-motion. PMID- 3236061 TI - The accessory optic system of rabbit. II. Spatial organization of direction selectivity. AB - 1. To compare the spatial organization of the direction selectivity of neurons in the medial terminal nucleus (MTN) of the accessory optic system with that of neurons in the adjacent ventral tegmentum, extracellular single-unit recordings were made in the anesthetized rabbit. The ventral tegmental neurons were located in a region called the visual tegmental relay zone (VTRZ), which is defined by the ventral tegmental terminal field of contralaterally projecting MTN neurons. 2. Some of the present sample of MTN neurons (5 of 34) had monocular receptive fields composed of two parts distinguished by a marked difference in the orientation of their respective direction-selective tuning curves. For one part of the receptive field the preferred excitatory direction was "up," while for the other part it was "down." Such receptive fields for one eye were called bipartite, whereas the more usually encountered MTN receptive fields, which could be characterized by a single direction-selective tuning curve, were called uniform. 3. Of the 16 neurons recorded from the VTRZ, all but one were binocular. For these neurons, both uniform and bipartite receptive fields were found for each eye alone. The only monocular neuron encountered in the VTRZ had a contralateral, bipartite receptive field. 4. The spatial organization of the direction selectivity of bipartite receptive fields strongly suggests that they are suited to represent rotation of the visual field about a horizontal axis located in the vertical plane that divides the receptive field into two parts. 5. The boundary between the two parts of the bipartite receptive fields was found using handheld visual stimuli at one of two azimuthal locations, either close to 45 degrees or between 95 and 125 degrees (the 0 degree reference was rostral in the midsagittal plane). This particular structure of the bipartite receptive fields suggests that their preferred rotation axes have a close spatial relation to the best-response axes of the semicircular canals. 6. Seven VTRZ neurons were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral dorsal cap of the inferior olive. Since the receptive fields of VTRZ neurons have many of the structural features characteristic of the receptive fields of rostral dorsal cap neurons we conclude that the spatial organization of the receptive fields of dorsal cap neurons is, for the most part, synthesized prior to the inferior olive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236062 TI - Spatial organization of visual messages of the rabbit's cerebellar flocculus. I. Typology of inferior olive neurons of the dorsal cap of Kooy. AB - 1. Single-unit responses to large-field visual stimuli were recorded extracellularly from neurons in the dorsal cap of Kooy of the inferior olive in anesthetized, paralyzed rabbits. The visually modulated neurons in the dorsal cap responded optimally to slow rotation of random dot stimuli, which were produced using handheld patterns or a planetarium projector. 2. Neurons had either monocular or binocular receptive fields. For binocular receptive field neurons, monocular stimulation of one eye, called the dominant eye, elicited greater modulation than did stimulation of the other eye. Rotation about a particular axis, called the preferred axis, produced both maximal excitation and inhibition. On the basis of differences in preferred axis orientation and in eye dominance, three neuron classes called Vertical Axis, Anterior (45 degrees) Axis, and Posterior (135 degrees) Axis were distinguished. 3. Vertical Axis neurons were modulated exclusively from the eye contralateral to the inferior olive recording site. This cell type responded strongly to large-field visual stimuli rotating about the vertical axis. Excitation resulted from movement in the temporal to nasal direction, and inhibition occurred during movement in the nasal to temporal direction. 4. Two subclasses of Anterior (45 degrees) Axis neurons were distinguished according to whether the receptive field was monocular or binocular. For both subclasses, the dominant eye was ipsilateral. The receptive field organization of the dominant eye was bipartite as described in the previous paper (51) for neurons in the midbrain visual tegmental relay zone. Anterior (45 degrees) Axis neurons were maximally excited when the stimulus pattern moved upward and posterior above the horizon in the anterior quadrant of the ipsilateral visual field, from 0 degrees (nose) to approximately 45 degrees azimuth. From 45 to 180 degrees azimuth (occiput) and above the horizon, these neurons were excited by downward and posterior movement. Inhibition occurred with oppositely directed movements. For rotating stimuli presented to the dominant eye, this class of neurons responded best to rotation of the visual world about an axis oriented near the horizontal plane and approximately 45 degrees azimuth. 5. The receptive field of Posterior (135 degrees) Axis neurons was always binocular, with the dominant eye contralateral. For the contralateral receptive field, from 0 degree (nose) to 135 degrees azimuth and above the horizon, excitation occurred during upward and posterior movement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236063 TI - Spatial organization of visual messages of the rabbit's cerebellar flocculus. II. Complex and simple spike responses of Purkinje cells. AB - 1. Complex and simple spike responses of Purkinje cells were recorded in the flocculus of anesthetized, paralyzed rabbits during rotating full-field visual stimuli produced by a three-axis planetarium projector. 2. On the basis of the spatial properties of their complex spike responses, floccular Purkinje cells could be placed into three distinct classes called Vertical Axis, Anterior (45 degrees) Axis and Posterior (135 degrees) Axis. The first two classes occurred in both monocular and binocular forms; the third class was encountered only in binocular form. For the binocular response forms, stimulation through one eye, called the dominant eye, elicited a stronger modulation of the complex spike firing rate than did stimulation of the other eye. The approximate orientation of that axis about which full-field rotation elicited the deepest modulation (the preferred axis) when presented to the dominant eye served as the class label. These classes are the same as those determined qualitatively for inferior olive neurons in the previous paper (47). The present study provides a quantitative description of their spatial tuning. 3. For Vertical Axis cells, the dominant eye was ipsilateral with respect to the flocculus recording site. The preferred axis was vertical and null (no-response) axes were in the horizontal plane. For the binocular response form of Vertical Axis cells (less than 10% of this class), the direction preferences for the two eyes were synergistic with respect to rotation about the vertical axis. 4. The dominant eye for the Anterior (45 degrees) Axis cells was contralateral, with the preferred axis oriented in the horizontal plane at approximately 45 degrees contralateral azimuth. The modulation depth showed a close to cosine relation with the angle between the preferred axis and the stimulus rotation axis. The average orientation (n = 10) for the dominant eye preferred axis, determined by the best-fit sinusoid, was 47 degrees contralateral azimuth. The preferred axis orientation for the ipsilateral (nondominant) eye in the binocular response forms was between 45 and 90 degrees azimuth in the horizontal plane. A null axis for each eye was at approximately 90 degrees to the preferred axis. 5. The Posterior (135 degrees) Axis cells were encountered only in binocular response forms. The dominant eye was ipsilateral, with the preferred axis oriented at approximately 135 degrees ipsilateral azimuth close to the horizontal plane. The modulation depth showed a close to cosine relation with the angle between the preferred axis and the stimulus rotation axis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236064 TI - Electrical activation of the pocket scratch central pattern generator in the turtle. AB - 1. A low-spinal, immobilized turtle displays a fictive scratch reflex in hindlimb motor neurons in response to tactile stimulation of the shell (17, 19). Turtles exhibit three forms of the scratch reflex: rostral, pocket, and caudal. Each form is elicited by tactile stimulation of a different receptive field on the body surface. The ventral-posterior pocket (VPP) cutaneous nerve innervates the ventral-posterior portion of the pocket scratch receptive field (Fig. 1). Natural stimulation within the VPP nerve's receptive field evoked a pocket scratch reflex (Fig. 2A). Electrical stimulation of this nerve elicited robust pocket scratch reflexes (Fig. 2, B and C). 2. A single electrical pulse to the VPP nerve delivered at a voltage (greater than 5 V, 0.1 ms) that activated all the axons in the nerve was termed a "maximal" pulse. A single maximal pulse did not evoke a scratch motor response. It raised the excitability of the pocket scratch central pattern generator for several seconds, however. We revealed such excitability changes by applying maximal pulses to the VPP nerve at multisecond intervals (Figs. 5 and 6). When we delivered maximal pulses with interpulse intervals of less than or equal to 5 s, the first pulse produced no motor response and the second pulse evoked one or more cycles of pocket scratch. 3. A stimulus pulse applied to the VPP nerve was used as a probe for studying changes in the excitability of the pocket scratch CPG following scratch motor patterns. In a rested preparation, the stimulus pulse did not activate motor output. In contrast, the stimulus pulse evoked one or two cycles of pocket scratch activity if delivered within 2.5 s after the cessation of rhythmic pocket scratch motor activity (Figs. 7-9). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the pocket scratch CPG has elevated excitability for seconds following the cessation of pocket scratch motor output. A single pulse applied to the VPP nerve evoked no response if delivered after the cessation of rostral scratch motor activity, however (Fig. 9D). 4. We used a train of maximal pulses to the VPP nerve to probe the form-specificity of the changes in the excitability following a rostral scratch motor pattern (Fig. 10). We set the stimulus parameters so that the train evoked one or two cycles of a pocket scratch motor pattern in a preparation that had rested for over 1 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236066 TI - Preventive treatment for AIDS studied. PMID- 3236065 TI - Time course of mechanosensitivity changes in articular afferents during a developing experimental arthritis. AB - 1. In 37 cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose recordings were made from single afferent units of the medial articular nerve (MAN) of the right knee joint. First the mechanosensitivity of such units was characterized while the joint was in normal condition. Thereafter, keeping the afferents under continuous observation, an experimental arthritis was induced by injecting kaolin and carrageenan into the joint cavity. The effects of the developing arthritis including the time course of the changes were studied on low- and high-threshold units and on afferents that had no mechanosensitivity in the normal joint. 2. The arthritis increased the mechanosensitivity in the majority of the low-threshold units, i.e., in units that responded already in the normal joint to movements in the working range. Enhanced responses to movements were found for 12 of 16 thick myelinated group II, 10 of 10 fine myelinated group III, and 1 of 3 unmyelinated group IV afferents. The augmentation of reactions developed in most cases within the first hour after the injection of the inflammatory compounds, sometimes starting immediately after the injection. A further rise of the mechanosensitivity was observed within the following 2-4 h. In most group III units enhanced responses for movements were accompanied by an induction or increase of resting discharges. In 1 group II and 1 group IV unit spontaneous activity developed in the absence of any change of movement-sensitivity. 3. The inflammation led to enhanced mechanosensitivity in high-threshold afferents, i.e., in units that responded in the normal joint only to noxious movements exceeding the working range of the knee. One group II, 10 of 12 group III, and 5 of 10 group IV units of this type became responsive to movements in the working range during development of arthritis, in most cases within the second to third hour after induction of inflammation with a further increase later on. In a high proportion of these units resting activity was induced too. Few high-threshold units developed spontaneous discharges but no responses to movements in the working range. The time course for development of resting activity was similar to that for lowering of the mechanical threshold. 4. The experimental arthritis induced afferent activity in 1 of 2 group III and 10 of 14 group IV units that in the normal joint were unresponsive to local mechanical stimulation and to innocuous/noxious movements (but responsive to a bolus of a KCl-solution applied intraarterially close to the joint).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236067 TI - The dental hygienist's role in the maintenance of osseointegrated dental implants. PMID- 3236068 TI - Inhibition of guanidinobenzoatase: evidence for multiple forms of this protease on different tumour cells. AB - Guanidinobenzoatase is a proteolytic enzyme capable of degrading fibronectin and is a tumour associated enzyme. 9-Aminoacridine is a competitive inhibitor of this enzyme and has been used to locate cells possessing this enzyme in wax embedded sections by means of fluorescent microscopy. Naturally occurring inhibitors of guanidinobenzoatase can be extracted from different tissues. These inhibitors show selectivity in their ability to inhibit the binding of 9-aminoacridine to different types of tumour cells which have invaded human liver tissue. Inhibition is non-competitive and reversible. The results indicate that guanidinobenzoatase exists in a number of different forms on the surface of different tumour cells. These different forms of the enzyme were recognised by inhibitors obtained from different organs. It is suggested that these inhibitors may have a regulatory role in tumour cell migration. PMID- 3236069 TI - The structure of flavone-8-acetic acid, a chemotherapeutic agent, and its application to drug design. PMID- 3236070 TI - Ketomethylureas. A new class of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. AB - The design rationale for a new series of tripeptide derived angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which we term "ketomethylureas", is described. Analogs of tripeptide substrates (i.e. N-benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro) in which the nitrogen atom of the scissile amide bond and the adjacent asymmetric carbon atom of the penultimate amino acid residue are formally transposed give rise to this novel class of inhibitors. The most potent ketomethylureas inhibit ACE with I50 values in the nM range. PMID- 3236071 TI - Modification and inactivation of rhodanese by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid. AB - Bovine liver rhodanese (thiosulphate sulphurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1) is modified by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid, by the use of modifying agent concentrations in large excess over enzyme protein concentration. The end-point of the reaction, viz., the number, n, per enzyme protein molecule, of modifiable amino groups was determined graphically by the Kezdy-Swinbourne procedure. It was found that the value for n depends on the pH of the reaction medium, and ranges from 2, at pH 7.00, to 10.66, at pH 9.00. Again, the value for n increases with an increase in the concentration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid used, with values ranging from 3.52, at 0.10 mM modifying agent, to 8.96, at 2 mM modifying agent. Rhodanese primary amino groups modification by 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid is described by a summation of exponential functions of reaction time at pH values of 8.00 or higher, while at lower pH values it is described by a single exponential function of reaction time. However, the log of the first derivative, at initial reaction conditions, of the equation describing protein modification, is found to be linearly dependent on the pH of the reaction. An identical linear dependence is also found when the log of the first derivative, at the start of the reaction, of the equation describing modification-induced enzyme inactivation is plotted against the pH values of the medium used. In consequence, the fractional concentration of rhodanese modifiable amino groups essential for enzyme catalytic function is equal to unity at all reaction pH values tested. It is accordingly concluded that, when concentrations of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid in excess of protein concentration are used, all rhodanese modifiable amino groups are essential for enzyme activity. A number of approaches were used in order to establish a mechanism for the modification-induced enzyme inactivation observed. These approaches, all of which proved to be negative, include the possible modification of enzyme sulfhydryl groups, disulphide bond formation, enzyme inactivation due to sulphite released during modification, modification-induced enzyme protein polymerization, syncatalytic enzyme modification and hydrogen peroxide-mediated enzyme inactivation. PMID- 3236072 TI - The use of carbon-coated formvar films as bacterial adhesion substrates for scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 3236073 TI - Interpreting research for clinical practice. PMID- 3236074 TI - Development of the inventory of functional status after childbirth. PMID- 3236075 TI - Coping with the sexual health interview. PMID- 3236076 TI - A code of ethics for nurse-midwives. A second proposal. PMID- 3236077 TI - Wibangbe: the making of a documentary about the training and supervision of traditional birth attendants in Zaire. PMID- 3236078 TI - Integrating philosophy into the doctoral preparation for nurse-midwives. PMID- 3236079 TI - Formation of a biotin precursor, pimelic acid, in yeasts from C18 fatty acids. AB - The biosynthesis of biotin-vitamers from C18 fatty acids in the resting cell reaction system of yeasts was investigated. The formation of pimelic acid (a biotin precursor) and biotin-vitamers (a mixture of 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid and dethiobiotin) from linolenic, linoleic, and oleic acids was observed in certain yeasts belonging to the genera Cryptococcus, Candida, Rhodotorula, and Trichosporon. Metabolites from linolenic acid were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Linoleic, oleic, stearic, heptadecanoic, palmitic, pentadecanoic, and pimelic acids were identified as metabolites of linolenic acid. The existence of a route to pimelic acid from linolenic acid in a strain of Rhodotorula rubra AKU 4836 was also indicated. PMID- 3236080 TI - Effects of low protein intake on protein metabolism of Papua New Guinea highlanders studied with [15N]glycine. AB - The effects of low protein intake on protein metabolism, including the size of pools and the protein synthesis rates, were studied by use of [15N]glycine in Papua New Guinea highlanders. Studies were made on 9 men between October and December in 1982. In experiment 1, two subjects were given a protein-free diet (PFD) containing 49.1 kcal/kg of energy. In experiment 2, subjects were given a sweet-potato diet (SPD) containing 45.4 kcal/kg of energy and 0.507 g/kg of protein for 8 days, and then were given a low-protein sweet-potato diet (LPSPD) containing 50.0 kcal/kg of energy and 0.265 g/kg of protein. During the SPD period, the sizes of the metabolic and active protein pools (mean +/- SD) were 270 +/- 134 mgN/kg and 362 +/- 107 mgN/kg, respectively, and the rates of active and inactive protein synthesis were 463 +/- 161 mgN/kg/day and 299 +/- 38 mgN/kg/day, respectively. During the LPSPD period, the sizes of the metabolic pool and active protein pool were 131 +/- 64 mgN/kg and 378 +/- 106 mgN/kg, respectively, and the rates of active and inactive protein synthesis were 490 +/- 206 mgN/kg/day and 280 +/- 26 mgN/kg/day, respectively. The protein metabolism in the LPSPD showed no significant difference from the SPD. The results suggest that, when the energy levels were approximately the same, protein metabolism in Papua New Guinea highlanders was maintained in spite of the decrease in protein intake. PMID- 3236081 TI - The effects of orally administered linoleic acid and its autoxidation products on intestinal mucosa in rat. AB - Linoleic acid and its autoxidation products, hydroperoxides and their secondary products, were orally administered to rats (350 mg each/rat). Hemorrhage was seen in the alimentary canal at 6 h after the dose of hydroperoxides. To examine their toxicities on intestinal mucosa, the activities of mucous enzymes (sucrase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase) were measured. Hydroperoxides and their secondary products decreased the enzyme activities in jejunum at 6 h after the doses and increased them in both jejunum and ileum at 15 h, as compared to linoleic acid or saline solution. The decrease of enzyme activity was marked in the hydroperoxide group and the increase was marked in the secondary product group. Then, in in vitro experiments, the effects of autoxidation products on these enzymes were determined. Autoxidation products inactivated only alkaline phosphatase. Thus, the results in vivo disagreed with those in vitro. It was assumed that autoxidation products orally administered attacked a membrane of intestinal microvilli whereas in vitro they directly affected the enzymes. PMID- 3236082 TI - Oligopeptide mixtures produced from soy protein by enzymatic modification and their nutritional qualities evaluated by feeding tests with normal and malnourished rats. AB - Soy protein isolate (SPI) was enzymatically modified to produce oligopeptide mixtures having methionine at approximate levels of 1% and 3%. Each of them had an average molecular weight of slightly lower than 1,000 daltons. They were compared with corresponding amino acid mixtures as well as with SPI for protein efficiency ratio (PER) and several other parameters. Normal and protein malnourished rats were used as subjects for the comparison tests. When malnourished rats were subjected to a feeding test at a methionine level of 1% in nitrogen source, the oligopeptide mixture, OPM1, gave a significantly higher PER value than any of SPI and the amino acid mixtures. At a methionine level of 3%, both normal and malnourished rats utilized the oligopeptide mixture, OPM3, with higher efficiency than the amino acid mixture. These results suggest that the oligopeptide mixtures were utilized similarly to or more efficiently than SPI from which they were derived and the amino acid mixtures with exactly simulated amino acid composition. PMID- 3236083 TI - Effect of protein intake on mineral (calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) balance in Japanese males. AB - A 26-day balance study was conducted to examine the effect of a high protein diet on calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus utilization in six healthy males (age 20-22 years, body weight 54.0-64.4 kg, body height 165-173 cm). In addition, the effect of physical exercise on calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus balance was also examined. After a 2-day stabilization period, two levels of protein--control (1.0 g/kg of body weight) and high (2.0 g/kg of body weight) protein--diets were given for three 4-day periods at each protein level. During the last 4-day period of each protein level, subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer for two 1-h periods daily at a load of 1.5 kp., 50 cyc./min. The high protein diet increased urinary calcium and caused a significant negative calcium balance. Magnesium balance tended to be negative in the control diet. There were no significant changes in urinary calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus and also in the calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus balance during physical exercise. PMID- 3236084 TI - Postprandial resting metabolic rate and body composition in the moderately obese and normal-weight adult subjects at sitting posture. AB - A reduced metabolic rate in the etiology of obesity has been a subject of controversy. The prediction of the energy requirements for the obese using reference values may therefore be distorted. In order to examine this possibility, resting metabolic rate (RMR) while the subject was sitting comfortably in a chair was measured in a total of 134 moderately obese and normal weight subjects (68 women aged 20 to 71 with a mean of 53.1 and 66 men aged 20 to 63 with a mean of 36.5). RMR per kg of body weight was significantly lower in the female obese subjects, but not in the male obese subjects. There was no evidence of difference in RMR between obese and normal-weight subjects in either sex when RMR was indexed with fat-free mass (FFM), indicating no substantial decrease in the metabolism due to obesity. Multiple regression analyses indicate that standardization of RMR by FFM eliminates the apparent difference in RMR between the sexes, and the diminution of RMR with age was not observed. While the best and logical prediction of RMR is to use FFM, regression analyses suggest an alternative way of predicting RMR by an incorporation of subscapular skinfold thickness to adjust the different body composition in lean and obese subjects. Prediction equations of postprandial RMR (kcal/24-h) while sitting are RMR = 24.5 x FFM(kg) + 303.7, and RMR = 22.7 x weight(kg) - 13.6 x SSF (subscapular skinfold: mm) + 350.6. Problems in predicting RMR are discussed. PMID- 3236085 TI - Optimal protein intake estimated by the resistance to streptococcal infection and the nutritional indices in mice. AB - Effects of dietary protein levels on the resistance against a bacterial infection and on the nutritional status were studied in mice to obtain basic data for the estimation of an optimal protein intake. Female DDY strain weanling mice were fed 5, 7, 10, 20, 30, or 40% casein diet. At 2 or 4 weeks on the diets, the mice were injected intraperitoneally with 5 x 10(3) or 5 x 10(4) group B streptococci/g body weight and their survival rates were observed for the following 10 days. Nutritional indices and cell numbers of thymus and spleen were also measured. The survival rate was higher in the order of 7, 10, 20, 30, 5, 40% casein diet group. Significant differences were observed between the 7% group and the 30, 5, or 40% group, and between the 10% group and the 5 or 40% group. The nutritional indices and cell numbers of the thymus and spleen were similar among the 20, 30, and 40% casein diet groups and decreased in the order of 10, 7, 5% casein diet groups. From the results, protein levels were categorized into 4 groups: severe protein deficiency with low resistance (5% casein diet), moderate protein deficiency with high resistance (7 and 10% casein diets), normal protein intake with normal resistance (20% casein diet), and high protein intake with low resistance (30 and 40% casein diets). This grouping suggests that when the relation between immunocompetence and nutritional status is considered, both high and low protein intakes are undesirable and the optimal level of dietary protein will be limited to a narrow range. PMID- 3236086 TI - Dietary effect of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom on blood pressure and lipid levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). PMID- 3236087 TI - The relationship of gestational age to reserve albumin concentration for binding of bilirubin. AB - The authors studied bilirubin binding ability in the umbilical cord serum of 68 newborn infants ranging in gestational age from 18 to 42 weeks. There was no correlation between gestational age and the binding fraction (i.e., the ratio of the potential bilirubin binding concentration to the albumin concentration). Previous reports of the relationship between gestational age and bilirubin binding ability used bilirubin data derived from samples drawn at variable times after birth and probably reflect the unexplained effect of illness on bilirubin binding. PMID- 3236088 TI - Transient pulmonary vascular lability: a form of mild pulmonary hypertension of the newborn not requiring mechanical ventilation. AB - Infants at risk for the development of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) may require hyperventilation and muscle relaxation to improve lung compliance and oxygenation. During a 16-month period from June 1983 to October 1984, the author identified a separate population of infants who presented initially with symptoms indistinguishable from those of infants who develop severe PPHN, but who responded to hyperoxia (FiO2 = 1.00) and were successfully managed with supplemental oxygen without the need for intubation, hyperventilation, or muscle relaxation to achieve hypocarbic alkalosis and adequate oxygenation. We studied 20 infants, 15 with evidence of perinatal aspiration syndromes, and compared their initial responses to supplemental oxygen with those of 16 infants whose pulmonary hypertension was severe enough to require intubation, hyperventilation, and muscle relaxation for adequate control of oxygenation. No significant differences were noted in PaO2 response in FiO2 = 0.21 or 0.40. A significant rise in PaO2 was observed among infants with transient pulmonary vascular lability (TPVL), a milder form of pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, but not among infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, when exposed to FiO2 = 1.00 (250.7 torr versus 86.0 torr; P less than 0.0001). No significant differences in pH or PCO2 were observed. TPVL appears to present among term or post-term large-for-gestational age (LGA) infants, frequently delivered by cesarean section, who have experienced perinatal factors known to be associated with an increased risk of PPHN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3236089 TI - Meperidine and normeperidine distribution in the rhesus monkey. AB - Previous work has shown that both meperidine and normeperidine are transferred across the placenta to the fetus. Little is known in primates, however, about the tissue deposition of these compounds. Four pregnant, dated rhesus monkeys within one week of term were anesthetized for cesarean delivery. An equal mixture of meperidine and normeperidine was administered as an intravenous bolus 10 minutes before delivery (1.25 mg/kg). The infants were then sacrificed at 20 minutes after birth and the concentration of the compounds in various organ systems were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GLC-MS). The infant serum 20 minutes after delivery revealed a meperidine concentration of 2.23 micrograms/ml and a normeperidine level of 0.67 micrograms/ml (3:1). In contrast, the tissues analyzed showed a much higher concentration of the metabolite in the liver (1:7), gallbladder (1:3), and brain (1:2). Other tissues, such as muscle and kidney, demonstrated equal levels of the two compounds. The authors conclude that normeperidine is quickly transferred to fetal tissues and to a greater degree than the parent compound in certain organs. The increased distribution, particularly in the brain, could account for the toxic actions in the cerebrum of the derivatives of meperidine. PMID- 3236090 TI - Prolonged fetal ritodrine exposure and immediate neonatal outcome. AB - Ritodrine hydrochloride was administered over a period of two years to a total of 200 women in premature labor. One hundred sixty-two (81 per cent) of the women carried pregnancy to 35 weeks or longer. To determine the effect of ritodrine on the neonates, the duration and amount of exposure, onset of exposure, and interval between cessation of exposure and delivery were correlated with gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, mortality, and the presence of hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress, and intrauterine growth retardation. Infants exposed for six weeks or more (long-term exposure) were significantly heavier than those exposed for shorter periods (short-term exposure), a difference that was possibly attributable to differences in gestational age at birth. Infants who were exposed as fetuses to ritodrine beginning at 30 weeks' or less gestation needed phototherapy more often than did infants whose fetal exposure began at after 30 weeks' gestation. Neither duration of exposure nor gestational age at birth was a significant factor in hyperbilirubinemia. Of infants delivered at or after 35 weeks' gestation, 32 (20 per cent) experienced early hypoglycemia; and 26 of these (81 per cent) were exposed up to the day of delivery. This outcome differed significantly from that of infants whose exposure stopped at least one week before delivery. In addition, respiratory distress syndrome was more common in those infants exposed up until delivery (34 of 36).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3236091 TI - Mexilitene use in pregnancy. AB - Mexilitene, a class 1b antiarrhythmic, was used throughout an entire pregnancy to treat symptomatic premature ventricular contractions in a patient with mitral valve prolapse. Cord blood and maternal serum mexilitene levels at the time of delivery are given. The following conclusions were reached. (1) Mexilitene may have a future in treating pregnant patients with arrhythmias unresponsive to currently approved antiarrhythmic drugs. (2) Evidence to date has shown no adverse affects in infants of mothers breast-feeding while taking mexilitene. (3) Dosages need to be monitored carefully during pregnancy and the postpartum period to ensure that therapeutic drug levels are maintained. PMID- 3236092 TI - Polemics in perinatology: Cloutopenia and the porcelain-losing encephalopathies- a plangent review with dithyrambic overtones. PMID- 3236093 TI - Differences in serum glucose determinations in infants with umbilical artery catheters. AB - Differences in serum glucose values obtained from different extremities in newborns with umbilical artery catheters (UAC) through which a dextrose solution was administered were studied. Control infants (n = 20) had no difference in simultaneous capillary glucose values obtained from both lower extremities. Infants with a low UAC had a significant difference between two (both lower extremities) or three (both lower and one upper extremity) simultaneous capillary glucose values. Infants with a high UAC did not. In the low UAC group, the serum glucose value was highest in the lower extremity through which the UAC entered the aorta and lowest in the upper extremity. The elevation in glucose value was related to the glucose infusion rate corrected for infant size (mg/kg/min). Clinicians caring for infants with low UACs should be aware of this potential error in order to prevent erroneous decision-making. PMID- 3236094 TI - Evaluation of a new glucose reflectance meter for use in the neonatal intensive care unit. AB - In this study, a new glucose reflective meter was compared with a conventional laboratory measure of glucose concentration. The excellent correlation found (r = 0.988) simplicity and economic cost make the new method suitable for use in the neonatal intensive care (NICU) environment. The authors believe that the physician dealing with premature or small-for-dates infants, or infants of diabetic mothers, can base emergency therapy on the results obtained by this bedside method of blood glucose measurement pending confirmation by the clinical laboratory. PMID- 3236095 TI - An unusual neonatal case presentation: congenital microgastria. PMID- 3236096 TI - Neonatal surgical casebook. Meconium ileus in premature twins. PMID- 3236097 TI - Guidelines for ventilatory assistance in the neonate. PMID- 3236098 TI - "Tango of the Sharks". PMID- 3236099 TI - Major congenital anomalies in infants and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in insulin-requiring diabetic mothers. AB - Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were obtained in 133 diabetic pregnancies. Nongestational diabetic mothers delivered of infants with major congenital anomalies had significantly higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels than the remaining nongestational diabetic mothers (P less than .001). The higher a mother's glycosylated hemoglobin level, the higher her risk of having a severely affected infant was. The positive predictive value for a nongestational diabetic mother having an infant with severe congenital anomalies was 26% if the glycosylated hemoglobin level was greater than or equal to 11%, 40% if the level was greater than or equal to 12%, and 56% if the level greater than or equal to 13%. However, high glycosylated hemoglobin levels in insulin-requiring gestational diabetic mothers were not predictive of major congenital anomalies. PMID- 3236100 TI - Developmental aspects of phenobarbital dosage requirements in newborn infants with seizures. AB - Although phenobarbital is the most widely used drug to control seizures, dosage guidelines are not available for infants of varying gestational ages. The primary objective of this study was to develop age specific dosage guidelines for phenobarbital in newborn infants with seizures. Fifty-one patients (27 premature infants, gestational ages 27 to 38 weeks; 24 term infants) receiving phenobarbital, 3 to 6 mg/kg/d were studied during the first month of life. Multiple serum concentrations were determined in each patient during extended therapy. Trough serum concentration of phenobarbital ranged from 12.5 to 50.2 mcg/mL. Phenobarbital serum concentrations were within therapeutic range (15 to 40 mcg/mL) in 99 of 114 measurements at a maintenance dose of 3.5 to 4.5 mg/kg/d. The remaining 15 measurements were made in infants, greater than 35 weeks' gestation and required phenobarbital doses of 4.0 to 5.0 mg/kg/d to achieve therapeutic serum concentration. These data suggest that the initial maintenance dose of phenobarbital during the first month of life should be 3.5 to 4.5 mg/kg/d in infants less than or equal to 35 weeks and 4.0 to 5.0 mg/kg/d in those greater than 35 weeks' gestation. Term infants with asphyxia had higher trough serum concentration than those without asphyxia (P less than 0.005). In nine infants, trough serum concentration normalized for dose decreased substantially during a 3 weeks period (P less than 0.0005). This suggests that phenobarbital serum concentration should be monitored frequently during the first month of life. PMID- 3236101 TI - Unexplained neonatal jaundice as an early diagnostic sign of septicemia in the newborn. AB - This prospective study was performed to determine the frequency of unexplained unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia associated with bacterial infection during the first week of life. Of 5805 infants delivered between September 1984 and December 1986, 93 jaundiced newborns without evidence of septicemia fulfilled the following criteria to be enrolled in the study: weight greater than 2500 g, gestational age greater than 38 weeks, age less than 7 days, and unexplained unconjugated bilirubin greater than 170 mumol/L (greater than 10 mg/dL) during the first 48 hours of life and/or greater than 255 mumol/L (greater than 15 mg/dL) thereafter. Evaluation for septicemia included blood and urine cultures, and white cell and thrombocyte counts. The study disclosed three (3.2%) infants who developed septicemia before any clinical suspicion had been aroused. It is concluded that bacterial infections should be considered a possible cause of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia during the first week of life, regardless of the clinical condition of the infant. PMID- 3236102 TI - Congenital acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and congenital toxoplasmosis: pathologic support for a chronology of events. AB - We report a case of congenital acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with congenital opportunistic toxoplasmosis. The thymic histopathology was that seen in childhood AIDS cases and not that seen in primary congenital toxoplasmosis. The toxoplasma infection was selectively localized to the brain and the serum titers were paradoxically low as reported in most adult cases of AIDS with secondary infection by the parasite. These findings strongly suggest that the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preceded the toxoplasma infection in the fetus. PMID- 3236103 TI - Arterial blood gas derangements associated with death and intracranial hemorrhage in premature babies. AB - We evaluated to what extent acidosis and alkalosis and their respiratory and metabolic components during the first 12 hours of life occurred prior to early neonatal death and postnatal intracranial hemorrhage among 206 low birth weight, intubated premature babies participating in a clinical trial of phenobarbital prophylaxis for intracranial hemorrhage. Time-weighted indices included the time each baby spent with abnormal values of pH, PaCO2 and HCO3-. Babies whose birth weight was less than 1 kg suffered adversities associated with prolonged pH less than 7.35. Heavier birth weight babies were at increased risk of adversity if their pH fell below 7.2. Babies who were not severely acidotic initially, but became so within hours, were at prominently increased risk of death and hemorrhage. Babies who had a mild increase of PaCO2 between 45 and 60 mmHg were less likely to develop germinal matrix hemorrhage than their peers who had more severe hypercapnia. A time-weighted measure of metabolic deficit correlated with death, but not with hemorrhage. Prolonged exposure to pH greater than 7.55 was associated with reduced risk of subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage and death, especially in babies below 1 kg birth weight. We conclude that acidosis is an antecedent of intracranial hemorrhage in low birth weight premature babies, that duration of exposure might convey important risk information, and that birth weight is a correlate of vulnerability to some pH disturbances. PMID- 3236104 TI - Fathers in the cesarean section room and maternal/neonatal outcomes. AB - Two hundred twenty-seven consecutive full-term deliveries by cesarean section over a 10-month period were divided into "father present" and "father absent" groups. The father present group tended to have received prenatal care in the private office and to have experienced regional anesthesia more frequently. Apgar scores at one and five minutes were significantly higher when deliveries occurred with the fathers present. The time from skin incision to delivery of neonate was longer but the numbers of transfusions were significantly lower in the father present group. However, when the two groups were further analyzed controlling for anesthesia mode, the differences disappeared with the exception of higher Apgar scores at five minutes with father present and regional anesthesia. No adverse consequences were noted from fathers' presence. PMID- 3236106 TI - Pain, the neonate, and the neonatologist. PMID- 3236105 TI - Polemics in perinatology: malpractice obituary. PMID- 3236107 TI - The effect of storage conditions on amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol concentration. AB - In certain high-risk gestations, phosphatidylglycerol in the amniotic fluid is reported to be useful in predicting respiratory distress syndrome of the neonate in high-risk patients. This study of amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol was performed to determine the degradation of phosphatidylglycerol in both the supernatant and the lamellar bodies of amniotic fluid samples collected from normal term pregnant patients. The objective of the study was to discover whether phosphatidylglycerol retained its stability when measured in transported and stored amniotic fluid. The results of the study showed that phosphatidylglycerol remained stable in all amniotic fluid samples stored at various temperatures over a 3-week period. PMID- 3236108 TI - Neonatal transport: communication--the essential element. AB - The Bronson Methodist Hospital Neonatal Transport System (Kalamazoo, MI) has identified effective communication as a necessity when providing optimal patient care. Our experience shows that good communication comes only from good relationships between our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staff and each referring hospital's staff. This article describes the two educational methods used to aid these relationships: the development of site visits and the distribution of informative publications. By using these methods, our relationships with our 17 referring hospital staffs have improved, which has had a direct bearing on more effective communication during neonatal transport. PMID- 3236109 TI - Perinatal grief and loss. PMID- 3236110 TI - Neonatal radiologic casebook. PMID- 3236111 TI - Neonatal cardiology casebook. PMID- 3236112 TI - Fetal heart rate monitoring casebook. PMID- 3236113 TI - Maternal substance use and neonatal drug withdrawal. PMID- 3236114 TI - Local skin hyperthermia due to transcutaneous electrode heat. AB - The hypothesis that a transcutaneous monitor electrode can heat skin beyond the electrode edge was tested. This heating would cause a skin thermistor probe, if placed too close to the transcutaneous electrode, to transduce an artifactually high skin temperature. In a skin servo control system, this might result in a cooler environment than desired. Eight premature newborns in humidified incubators were tested once each between one and five days of age. Mean skin temperatures at 0.5 cm, 1.5 cm, and 2.5 cm from the electrode edge were significantly higher after electrode placement, although there were virtually no temperature changes in two of the subjects. Transcutaneous monitor electrodes can heat the surrounding skin. This may affect environment temperature in a skin servo control system if the skin probe is placed too close to the transcutaneous electrode. PMID- 3236115 TI - Placing toys, pictures, and colorful objects in the isolettes with premature infants. PMID- 3236116 TI - Perinatal lawsuits in Oklahoma. PMID- 3236117 TI - Partner notification in the prevention of AIDS and HIV infection. PMID- 3236118 TI - Catamenial hemoptysis. PMID- 3236119 TI - Diagnosis of atypical Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 3236120 TI - Clandestine foreign body of the middle ear: a warning to hearing aid dispensers. PMID- 3236121 TI - Adolescents and AIDS prevention. PMID- 3236122 TI - Recommendations for influenza vaccine 1988-89. PMID- 3236123 TI - Wearing of removable partial dentures in relation to dental caries. AB - Using a representative sample of 5028 dentulous Finnish adults the occurrence of dental caries was studied among removable partial denture (RPD) wearers and non wearers. Of the subjects wearing no RPD(s) 61.4% had one or more carious teeth, among those wearing a single RPD the figure was 60.5% and among those wearing RPDs in both jaws 62.7%, respectively. When sociodemographic background, other oral status measures than caries and oral health care habits were simultaneously controlled, subjects wearing RPDs in both jaws had slightly increased (P less than 0.05) probability of having one or more carious teeth compared to those with no RPD(s). Subjects with a single RPD did not have a statistically significantly increased probability of having carious teeth. Among those 3075 subjects who had one or more carious teeth the wearing of one or two RPDs did not significantly increase the number of carious teeth. Because the subjects wearing RPDs in both jaws were seen to have a slightly increased risk of having caries, this confirms the view that dentists should emphasize good oral hygiene habits and regular dental attendance among RPD wearers. PMID- 3236124 TI - Bulk fracture of amalgam restorations--a 5-year controlled clinical trial. AB - A controlled clinical study, containing 720 posterior amalgam restorations placed in a group of 103 adult patients by three dentists, was used for examination of the influences on the incidence of occlusal and approximal bulk fractures. These fractures were evaluated from black and white photographs, taken annually, of the occlusal surface of the restorations over a 5-year period, using a three point photo-rating scale for both fracture sites. The influence of the dentist as well as the influence of the alloy and tooth type were statistically analysed. The results of these analyses demonstrated that the dentist, as well as the alloy and tooth type, have a statistically significant influence on the incidence of bulk fracture of amalgam restorations. PMID- 3236125 TI - The effects of muscle fatigue on the silent period of the masticatory muscles. AB - Thirteen healthy adults performed sustained clenching at 50% maximum clenching level judged electromyographically. Electromyograms were recorded from both anterior temporal and masseter muscles during clenching and the silent period latency and duration were measured. As the result of muscle fatigue, the silent period latency significantly decreased, whilst the duration significantly increased up to 3 min from the beginning of clenching. PMID- 3236126 TI - The recognition of craniomandibular disorders--a comparison between clinical, tomographical, and dental panoramic radiographical findings in thirty-one subjects. AB - A comparison between clinical, tomographical, and dental panoramic radiographical findings was made in thirty-one female patients suffering from craniomandibular disorders (CMD). In general it was found that condylar sclerosis was more common in these patients than in earlier studies. After clinical separation of the material into two groups based upon the origin of pain, myogenous versus arthrogenous, no radiographical confirmation of the differential diagnostics could be made. Regarding vertical condylar asymmetry measured on the Orthopantomogram, it was found that 74% of the patients with CMD had more than the 3% of asymmetry regarded as within normal limits. It seems that with an increasing severity of the disorder the level of condylar asymmetry appears less. If the interpretation of the findings is correct its conclusion might lead to the recognition of a morphological factor which could contribute to the development of a craniomandibular disorder. PMID- 3236127 TI - Quantitative observations on maximum static work efforts and associated pain of the human masseter muscle. AB - The single case experimental design was used to study day-to-day variations in the onset (PL), tolerance (PT), and intensity (VAS) of masseter muscle pain. Pain was induced by maximum voluntary teeth clenching, with no artificial feedback control of the level of isometric activity, and static work efforts were quantified by cumulative electromyography. A continual effort to produce maximum static work, about 40% increase from baseline work, elicited in 30-40 s an initial sensation of muscular pain that had an intensity of about 25% of maximum possible score. A further increase in maximum static work effort, about 60% increase from baseline work, caused in about 2 min an intolerable increase in the intensity of muscular pain, about 50% of maximum possible score. Whereas PL showed day-to-day variation, PT and the ratio PL:PT did not. Intensity (VAS) scores and maximum static work efforts showed no day-to-day variations. Onset (PL) and tolerance (PT) showed no linear associations with VAS scores, and VAS scores showed no linear associations with maximum static work efforts; if anything, the latter associations tended to resemble a cubic parabola. Two different central neural processes, not associated with maximum static work efforts in a simple linear manner, might have been instrumental in: (i) the establishment of criteria for onset and tolerance of pain, and (ii) the discrimination of variable levels of pain intensity. PMID- 3236128 TI - Dentine hypersensitivity. I. Effects produced by the uptake in vitro of metal ions, fluoride and formaldehyde onto dentine. AB - Dentine has been shown to possess affinity for a large number of varied compounds, many of which have been shown effective in clinical trials, for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. The mode of action of these compounds is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of metal ions, fluoride and formaldehyde in solution onto dentine in vitro and determine whether therapeutic effects could be mediated through occlusion of dentinal tubules. Etched dentine sections were exposed for 1 h to 1000 ppm solutions of fluoride and metal salts. Levels of fluoride and respective metals could be extracted and measured from the specimens. Saliva pretreatment had a variable but small effect on uptake of each ion, but post treatment washings reduced all levels of retained fluoride and metals. X-ray microanalysis indicated surface or immediate subsurface deposits of metals. However, surface changes were only consistently produced by zinc and more particularly tin salts. Both zinc and tin salts produced covering or obturation of tubules. The surface effects of zinc could largely be reversed by washing, but not those of tin. Formaldehyde alone or in the presence of saliva produced no effects. A 4-week study involving twice daily exposure of specimens to saliva and fluoride, metals or formaldehyde yielded essentially the same results. It is unlikely that, except for tin, the compounds tested achieve their apparent clinical effects mediated by direct occlusion of dentinal tubules. PMID- 3236129 TI - Simple methods for denture identification: a clinical trial. AB - The persistence of identification marks applied to dentures with two spirit solvent based fibre tip pens and graphite pencil covered with an experimental and a proprietary sealant were studied under service conditions. In general, the marks applied with the pens were rapidly lost, but those covered with the sealants persisted satisfactorily. The experimental sealant performed slightly better than the proprietary product. PMID- 3236130 TI - The measurement of the setting characteristics of rigid autopolymerizing resins for direct use in the oral cavity. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry has been used with success to determine working and setting times of autopolymerizing denture and orthodontic base resins. The technique is considered to be far more suitable for this task than thermal methods which are influenced by specimen geometry and heat transfer. Since only a few milligrams of material are required the technique would be suitable for other dental materials whose setting characteristics are of interest. PMID- 3236131 TI - Tooth wear measurements using a reflex microscope. AB - The resistance to wear of composite resins is an important feature of their suitability for use as posterior restorative materials. The in vivo clinical evaluation of new materials requires an accurate and reliable method of assessing tooth wear. The purpose of this study was too investigate the possibility of using a new stereometric measuring instrument for this purpose. Tooth wear was experimentally produced on a lead cast. The volume and average depth lost was measured using a reflex microscope. A gravimetric method of wear measurement was used as a control. When the results of both methods were compared it was found that the mean difference in depth of wear measured between the two methods was 10 microns. The reflex microscope appears to be ideally suited to making objective comparisons between the wear characteristics of composite resins. PMID- 3236133 TI - Stress in patients with pain in the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joints. AB - This study examined the role of stress in subjects having combined muscle and temporomandibular joint pain compared to subjects having only muscle pain or only joint pain. It was found that the combined pain (n = 39) and muscle pain (n = 24) groups had comparable levels of pain intensity and activity impairment. The combined pain group, however, had the lowest level of stress and was rated lower than the muscle group in clinicians ratings of psychological factors, stress and chronicity. The combined pain group and joint pain group (n = 28) were found to be comparable in terms of the clinician's ratings. This data does not support the concept of a progression of symptoms from muscle pain to combined muscle and joint pain that would be expected from a stress-induced muscle hyperactivity model of temporomandibular disorders. PMID- 3236132 TI - Finite element analysis of a mandibular model. AB - A two-dimensional finite element model of a mandibular quadrant was used to examine the stresses and displacements resulting from a 100 N load placed as follows: (i) distributed on the second molar, (ii) concentrated at 30 degrees to the vertical on the second molar, and (iii) distributed on the second premolar and second molar. Each tooth was supported by periodontal ligaments, cortical and cancellous bone. The modulus and Poisson's ratios for each material were selected from accepted values. The principal stresses were determined throughout the model, with special emphasis being placed for elements in the immediate vicinity of the teeth mentioned above. It was found that for the case where the load was uniformly distributed on the second molar the stresses sigma min were mostly compressive (-) in nature while sigma max were mostly tensile (+). In the case where the load was concentrated and at 30 degrees to the vertical, the magnitude of the stresses were three to five times greater and the pattern less uniform than those resulting from the distributed load. The concentrated load at 30 degrees to the vertical resulted in higher bending stresses than the distributed load and hence higher sigma max stresses. PMID- 3236134 TI - [MRI findings of postoperative maxillary cyst]. PMID- 3236135 TI - [Permeability changes in guinea pig nasal epithelium after exposure of hypotonic solution]. PMID- 3236136 TI - [Variations of stapedial reflex threshold in normal hearing subjects]. PMID- 3236137 TI - [Endoscopic endonasal sinus surgery in the treatment of chronic paranasal sinusitis]. PMID- 3236138 TI - [Visual-vestibulo-ocular interactions in patients with central nervous system disorders]. PMID- 3236139 TI - [Role of the nucleus of the optic tract on optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after-nystagmus in monkeys]. PMID- 3236140 TI - [Post traumatic enophthalmos]. PMID- 3236141 TI - [Vocal cord movements during sniff]. PMID- 3236142 TI - [The postnatal development of the pont- and olivocerebellar neurons in the rat]. PMID- 3236143 TI - Nicotine polacrilex: clinic-based strategies with chronically ill smokers. PMID- 3236145 TI - Cutaneous and ungual phaeohyphomycosis caused by species of Chaetomium Kunze (1817) ex Fresenius, 1829. AB - Two cases of cutaneous and ungual phaeohyphomycosis caused by species of Chaetomium are reported. The patients showed no clinical signs of immunodeficiency. In Case 1 there was a small, ulcerated, crusted lesion on the right forearm. Direct microscopical examination of material from this lesion showed light-brown hyphae with thick-walled cells. The fungus isolated was identified as Chaetomium globosum. Case 2 had lesions of the fingernails. Direct microscopy showed dematiaceous septate hyphae in the nail. The isolate from the nails was identified as Chaetomium perpulchrum. Identification of the fungi was based on the classification of Ames (1963) as adapted by Cooke (1986). Such infections due to Chaetomium species are rare. PMID- 3236144 TI - Clinical impressions of SAAVE and tropamine. PMID- 3236146 TI - Morphological study of a variant of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis that exists in the yeast form at room temperature. AB - Incubation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia at 20-25 degrees C (RT) results in two types of colonies, mycelial (M) and yeast (YRT). A study of the latter colonies was undertaken. Conidia were plated in complex (BHI) and chemically-defined media (CDCM), with and without fetal calf serum (FCS). Incubation was carried out at 21 degrees C for 4 weeks. The mean number of YRT colonies was approximately 18.5% on BHI agar. Selected YRT colonies were transferred to liquid CDCM, incubated 7 days at 21 degrees C and transferred to solid media; YRT appearance was preserved in 95% of the colonies if media were FCS-supplemented; otherwise, most colonies reverted to the M form. When FCS was replaced by bovine albumin or by alpha-globulin, 63% and 68% respectively of the colonies obtained after plating YRT cells, became mycelial. Comparative morphologic studies of both YRT and yeasts grown at 37 degrees C suggested that there were no major differences between these two types of yeast cells when size and budding were taken into consideration. The results indicate that in this particular variant, dimorphism is not exclusively temperature-dependent. PMID- 3236147 TI - Candida concentrations in the vagina and their association with signs and symptoms of vaginal candidosis. AB - Among 106 women harbouring yeasts in the vagina and with other causes of genital pathology excluded, there was a statistically significant association between numbers of yeasts recovered semi-quantitatively from vaginal swabs and symptoms of pruritus and signs of abnormal vaginal discharge but no association between yeast numbers and other individual symptoms or signs of vaginal candidosis, including patients' own subjective assessment of abnormal vaginal discharge. The presence of yeasts detectable by direct microscopic examination was statistically associated with pruritus, discharge and vaginitis. There was no relationship between numbers of vaginal yeasts and histories of antibiotic or oral contraceptive usage or the stage of the menstrual cycle. Distributions of Candida species and Candida albicans biotypes were not statistically related to any symptoms, signs or other factors. The results of this study suggest that vaginal pathology caused by Candida species may be related to the quantity of the fungus in the vagina and that only pruritus and objectively assessed vaginal discharge are firm clinical indicators of Candida infection. PMID- 3236148 TI - Corneal ulcer caused by Bipolaris hawaiiensis. AB - Following an injury to the right eye, a corneal ulcer with hypopyon developed in a leprosy patient. Direct examination of the corneal scrapings on three occasions showed septate, branched, dematiaceous hyphal elements. When scrapings were cultured on Sabouraud's glucose and brain heart infusion agars. Bipolaris hawaiiensis was isolated repeatedly. The patient responded successfully to treatment with nystatin ointment, although the central opacity of the cornea remained and visual acuity did not improve. PMID- 3236149 TI - Case report of synovial sporotrichosis involving both wrists. AB - A case of synovial sporotrichosis involving both wrists in a 46-year-old unemployed carpenter is described. Clinical, laboratory diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are discussed. PMID- 3236150 TI - Preparation of microcapsules from complex coacervation of Gantrez-gelatin. III. Bioavailability of nitrofurantoin microcapsules. AB - The bioavailability of marketed nitrofurantoin capsules was compared to capsules filled with Gantrez-gelatin nitrofurantoin microcapsules of a core:coat ratio of 1:2. The collective results obtained from the analysis of urine samples of five volunteers indicated that nitrofurantoin microcapsules provided a prolonged release compared with that of the control formulation. Analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences between the control formulation and the capsule filled with the microcapsule. Non-significant intersubject variation was noticed. PMID- 3236152 TI - Polylactic acid microspheres containing quinidine base and quinidine sulphate prepared by the solvent evaporation method. III. Morphology of the microspheres during dissolution studies. AB - Poly(dl-lactide) (PLA) microspheres containing quinidine or quinidine sulphate were prepared by the emulsification-solvent evaporation technique. The in vitro release profile of quinidine or quinidine sulphate from the microspheres was characterized by three phases: a lag time, a rapid release phase (burst), and a slow release phase. Drug release was studied as a function of the ionic strength of the dissolution medium, to demonstrate the importance of the water imbition into the microspheres which induced the drug release. The lag time increased with increasing ionic strength. The microspheres stayed intact during the dissolution study as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Disintegration of microspheres which was initially observed was an artifact introduced during the SEM procedure. The high vacuum applied either during the coating of the microspheres with gold-palladium or during the actual observation in the scanning electron microscope caused the microspheres to collapse or rupture. PMID- 3236151 TI - Leakage of sulphobromophthalein from large simple bilayer phospholipid vesicles. AB - Single bilayer phospholipid vesicles containing entrapped sulphobromophthalein were prepared from a phospholipid film in the presence of deoxicholate at a molar ratio of deoxicholate to phospholipid of 1:2. The trapping efficiency of these vesicles was a function of sulphobromophthalein concentration during incubation, reaching a maximum at a molar ratio of egg lecithin to sulphobromophthalein of 25:1. Release of sulphobromophthalein from liposomes was observed when the vesicles were incubated with bovine serum albumin. The sulphobromophthalein released appeared to be associated with albumin when analysed by Sepharose 4B gel filtration. Leakage of sulphobromophthalein from liposomes was also observed when the vesicles were incubated with different amounts of oleic acid. However, the amount of sulphobromophthalein released from liposomes was much lower than that observed in the presence of bovine serum albumin. These vesicles incorporated up to one molecule of oleic acid for each two and a half molecules of egg lecithin, and appear to be suitable as acceptors in studies of fatty acid transfer between membranes. PMID- 3236153 TI - Preparation of microencapsulated liposomes. AB - Liposomal microcapsules were prepared by encapsulating a liposome suspension in a nylon wall formed by the interfacial polymerization technique. The resulting microcapsules were washed in ether to remove the chloroform and cyclohexane. Residual ether was removed by rinsing with distilled water prior to resuspending the microcapsules in aqueous medium. The encapsulation efficiency of the microcapsules toward liposomes was dependent on the lipid composition of the liposomes. The liposomal nylon microcapsules possess sustained release properties when compared with the simple nylon microcapsules. PMID- 3236154 TI - A study on the dielectric constant of microcapsules during ageing. AB - Gelatin and methylcellulose microcapsules with and without sulphadiazine were compressed into compacts. The dielectric constant of these compacts was measured at regular intervals during ageing at 45 degrees C. An initial sharp fall in dielectric constant is followed by a progressive increase. Dielectric constant could be a parameter to study the changes occurring in microcapsules during ageing. PMID- 3236155 TI - Evaluation of the sustained release properties of Eudragit RS, RL and S (acrylic resins) microcapsules containing ketoprofen in beagle dogs. AB - Eudragit RS, RS-RL, RL and S microcapsules containing ketoprofen were prepared by the solvent evaporation process in oil phase. The sustained release effect of these microcapsules and Oruvail, the representative commercial product of ketoprofen, was evaluated by the pH shift dissolution method and in beagle dogs, respectively. The dissolution patterns of ketoprofen from Eudragit RS, RS-RL and RL microcapsules were independent of the pH of the dissolution medium, and its dissolution rate increased with increasing content of ketoprofen in microcapsules. But the dissolution pattern of ketoprofen from Eudragit S microcapsules and Oruvail was found to depend on the pH of the dissolution medium. The rank order of the dissolution rate of ketoprofen from Eudragit RS, RS RL and RL microcapsules containing 30 and 40 per cent (w/w) ketoprofen was sufficiently clear as to enable prediction of the relative bioavailability of ketoprofen from these microcapsules. In vivo evaluation using beagle dogs, sustained release effects of Eudragit RL and Eudragit S microcapsules containing 30 per cent (w/w) ketoprofen and Eudragit RS-RL microcapsules containing 40 per cent (w/w) ketoprofen were almost the same as or slightly superior to that of Oruvail. PMID- 3236156 TI - Surgical management of the cleft sternum. AB - Cleft sternum is a rare disturbance of unknown origin in the normal central midline fusion. Three cases of upper cleft sternum are reported here, one associated with a pericardium to the skin sinus tract. Surgical correction of this anomaly in the neonatal period is advised, whether the infant is symptomatic or not. Simple closure of the defect during the first month of life avoids the more complex reconstruction necessary in older children. PMID- 3236157 TI - Use of the postductal PaO2 as a predictor of pulmonary vascular hypoplasia in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AB - Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) demonstrate a wide range of anatomic and physiologic abnormalities that result in decreased pulmonary perfusion. We have used the patients' ability to achieve at least one postductal PaO2 greater than 100 torr while on maximal ventilation with 100% oxygen during the first 24 hours of life as the clinical marker to identify the degree of pulmonary perfusion. Patients were grouped as follows: group 1 had at least one postductal PaO2 greater than 100 torr, and group 2 patients never had a postductal PaO2 above 100 torr. To see if this classification did reflect pulmonary vascular abnormalities, we compared the pulmonary arteriograms of these two groups of CDH infants for size of the main pulmonary arteries (PAs), size of the lungs, and degree of peripheral vascular obstructive disease (PVO). Infants in group 2 had significantly smaller ipsilateral and contralateral main PAs, as well as smaller ipsilateral lungs with more severe PVO. We propose the postductal PaO2 as the clinical marker for identification of the degree of pulmonary perfusion. PMID- 3236159 TI - Experience with simultaneous ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement and myelomeningocele repair. AB - A program evaluating simultaneous shunt placement and neural tube repair is described and compared with a concomitant series of patients whose surgeons preferred delayed shunting. Twenty-two patients had simultaneous closure of neural tube defects and placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunts; one was shunted 1 day prior to closure of a leaking myelomeningocele. Eleven other patients had closure of myelomeningoceles followed by shunting 6 to 14 days later. Four patients have not required shunting. Three patients needed complex flap rotations and silastic dural closures, but the complexity of the myelomeningocele closure was not a criterion for excluding simultaneous shunting. The only criteria were preference of the attending surgeon, and ventricular size. All but one in the simultaneous shunting (SS) group had moderate to marked hydrocephalus at birth; one initially selected not to have a shunt, but within 24 hours had marked increase in ventricular size by ultrasonography performed when the child was anesthetized for the myelomeningocele closure. In the SS group, surgical innovations included (1) use of the semilateral position for exposure of both operative sites for shunting and the myelomeningocele closure, (2) posteriorly placed subcutaneous peritoneal catheter, and (3) a combined surgical approach using two surgeons and separate instrumentation. There was no operative mortality in either group; there were no infections within 30 days in either group. There was one infection at 5 months in the SS group, and one at 2 months in the delayed shunting (DS) group; the long-term infection rate was 5%, comparable to any published series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3236158 TI - Clinical use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension following surgical repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AB - The clinical use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension following surgical repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is reported on 11 patients. The patients had a total of 13 treatments; two patients had two treatments. During the same period of clinical use, 122 patients were placed on ECMO for all causes. The indications, results, and complications of the use of ECMO for treatment following surgical repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia are presented. The reversal of persistent pulmonary hypertension is demonstrated. All patients treated by ECMO for congenital diaphragmatic hernia have survived. PMID- 3236160 TI - Esophageal bougienage technique for coin ingestion in children. AB - An analysis was performed of 46 consecutive children who received esophageal bougienage for an ingested coin lodged in the esophagus. All patients met the following clinical criteria necessary for performance of this procedure: an acutely ingested single coin, radiographically localized in the esophagus; no previous history of an esophageal disease process, surgical procedure performed or foreign body removed; and no respiratory compromise upon physical examination. All coins were successfully advanced distally into the stomach after one pass of the bougie dilator. No complications were noted during or after performance of any procedure. Esophageal bougienage is a safe and effective method used to dislodge and pass an ingested coin from the esophagus when criteria for its performance are adhered to rigidly. PMID- 3236161 TI - Computed tomography in children with esophageal and airway trauma. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was used in five children, four with esophageal and one with airway trauma. The examination contributed valuable information that aided in planning and evaluating therapy: (1) it assessed mediastinal and pleural cavity involvement prior to surgery or drainage; (2) it evaluated the efficacy of drainage; (3) it gave excellent information about the position of chest tubes; and (4) it demonstrated unsuspected pneumothoraces, pleural effusion, pulmonary infiltrates, and lung perforation by a chest tube. In the postoperative assessment of laryngotracheal fracture, neck radiographs were useless since the airways were obliterated by hematomas and edema. In this situation, CT showed the position and state of the laryngeal cartilages. However, CT findings were not pathognomonic for esophageal tears or airway fractures. The primary diagnosis was still made by conventional radiography. Esophageal tears were accurately demonstrated by gastrografin swallow and the tracheolaryngeal fracture was diagnosed by a lateral neck radiograph--the state of the child permitting no lengthy workup. CT and conventional radiography with contrast studies play a complementary role in esophageal and airway trauma in children. PMID- 3236162 TI - Hepatic hemangioma: resection using hypothermic circulatory arrest in the newborn. AB - Hepatic hemangioma (hemangioendothelioma) is a benign vascular tumor with significant morbidity and mortality. Two newborn infants underwent partial hepatectomy for treatment of massive hepatic hemangioma, one with atrial septal defect and secondary congestive heart failure, and the other with symptomatic marked hepatomegaly. Cardiopulmonary bypass with induced deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was used in both patients in order to facilitate resection and prevent sudden massive blood loss. One infant also had closure of an atrial septal defect in addition to the partial hepatectomy. Both infants survived without complication and showed complete resolution of preoperative symptoms. This technique coupled with the use of fibrin glue is of value in infants with large hepatic hemangiomata and cardiac decompensation in the neonatal period. PMID- 3236163 TI - Intestinal complications of round worms in children. AB - One hundred forty-two patients with surgical complications of Ascaris lumbricoides were treated in our hospital over a period of 5 years. Included were 120 patients with subacute intestinal obstruction that were treated conservatively, and 22 patients with acute intestinal obstruction that required surgical intervention. Four of the 22 patients that were operated on died following various postoperative complications. However, there were no deaths among those presenting with subacute obstruction. In our experience, early recognition of the condition avoided serious complications and morbidity. PMID- 3236164 TI - Intraperitoneal ascariasis. AB - Seven children with intraperitoneal ascariasis are reported. One of them had two episodes. There were four instances of free worms in the peritoneal cavity, whereas others had peritoneal abscesses containing round worms. It is suggested that peritoneal ascariasis should be suspected whenever a child presents with peritonitis and/or an inflammatory abdominal mass having evidence of ascarial infestation. PMID- 3236165 TI - Surgical treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis: a population-based study in the Grampian region, Scotland. AB - Ninety-two cases of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were diagnosed in the Grampian Region of Scotland between 1978 and 1984, for a regional incidence of 2.2/1,000 live births. Twenty-seven cases (29.3%) required surgery, 19 acutely and eight for delayed stricture. Acute operative mortality was 10.5%. Disease related mortality was 3.3%, and overall mortality was 8.7%. Follow-up ranged from 15 to 77 months for surgical patients, with only three of 23 survivors having increased bowel frequency. PMID- 3236166 TI - Different clonal drug sensitivity of murine neuroblastoma cells in vivo. AB - Four cloned murine neuroblastomas were implanted intramuscularly into the left thigh of adult A/Jax mice. Cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, adriamycin, imidazole carboxamide, and vincristine were administered intraperitoneally, in a dose of one third to one fourth of a median lethal dose, every week after the implantation until all the mice died. The effects of continuous long-term chemotherapy, particularly on clonal differences, were then assessed. Cyclophosphamide was most effective for four murine neuroblastomas, and cisplatin was the next most effective drug. Cisplatin was not effective in the NS-20 cell line, a cholinergic cloned neuroblastoma. The C 1300 cell line (wild type) was tolerant to adriamycin, imidazole carboxamide, and vincristine. The N-18 cell line (an inactive clone) exhibited tolerance of adriamycin and imidazole carboxamide. In the N1E-115 cell line, an adrenergic clone, tumor growth was inhibited by all the drugs given. We conclude from this study that drug sensitivity differs with the clone, and that there are clones resistant to each drug. PMID- 3236168 TI - Infantile myofibromatosis. AB - Infantile myofibromatosis is a rare mesenchymal disorder in infants and children. We recently managed three children with this disorder; in this report we describe the cases and provide a review of the literature. PMID- 3236167 TI - Castration-sparing management of an adolescent with huge bilateral cystic teratomas of the ovaries. AB - In order to avoid the castrating effect of bilateral oophorectomy in a teenager with bilateral huge ovarian teratomas, a plane of dissection was developed near each ovarian hilum, and the cysts were excised in toto without spillage. Postoperatively, menstruation resumed promptly as the hormonal levels returned to normal. Benign cystic teratomas of the ovaries can be excised without the need for oophorectomy. This ovarian-sparing technique is particularly useful in cases of bilateral teratomas, where reproductive and hormonal functions should be preserved. PMID- 3236169 TI - Gallbladder embedded in an accessory liver lobe in umbilical cord hernia. AB - Two newborns are described, both with a hernia of the umbilical cord, which contained the gallbladder embedded in an accessory lobe of the liver. PMID- 3236170 TI - Gastroduodenal mucosal intussusception causing gastric outlet obstruction: a complication of gastrostomy tubes. AB - Acquired gastric outlet obstruction occurred in a neonate following gastrostomy, after surgery to salvage a dehisced primary repair of an esophageal atresia. Despite free drainage of the gastrostomy and total support of the neonate, the gastric outlet obstruction persisted and required a further operation. An anterograde gastric mucosal intussusception was found to be the cause. PMID- 3236171 TI - Hemoperitoneum from perforated Meckel's diverticulum. AB - Approximately 4% of patients with Meckel's diverticulum will experience complication, the most common of which are intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, acute inflammation, and perforation. We report an extremely rare complication of perforated Meckel's diverticulum which presented as hemoperitoneum. PMID- 3236172 TI - Acute urinary retention due to didelphys uterus associated with an obstructed hemivagina in a 5-month-old infant. AB - A double uterus associated with an obstructed hemivagina is a rare malformation syndrome that has been described in about one hundred cases in the world literature. The malformation is diagnosed after menarche because of symptoms caused by hematocolpos or hematometra, and it is occasionally associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis. In the case described here, the malformation was symptomatic when the patient was 5 months old, and was associated with ipsilateral renal hypoplasia. The clinical and etiologic implications are discussed. PMID- 3236174 TI - Pathogenesis of hypospadias--more questions than answers. AB - Most researchers believe that hypospadias arises from malformation of the penile urethra. However, this concept has been recently rejected, and it has been suggested that the opening of the urethra is "pushed forward" by growth of the perineum. In order to obtain more information on the development of the urethra, late stages of phallic development were studied in 220 rat embryos with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In our study, signs of rupture of the urogenital membrane or fusion of the urethral folds could not be found. Therefore, we could not confirm the traditional concept for the development of the phallic urethra. A new concept of urethral development is suggested and the pathogenesis of hypospadias is discussed. PMID- 3236173 TI - Malignancy associated with ureterosigmoidostomy: detection by mucosa ornithine decarboxylase. AB - Urinary diversion into the gastrointestinal tract (ureterosigmoidostomy) is associated with stepwise malignant degeneration of colonic mucosa. Early detection of such malignancy can be difficult. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is an enzyme that initiates polyamine synthesis that is elevated in malignant colonic mucosa, but its level in premalignant mucosa after ureterosigmoidostomy is unknown. Ten Wistar rats underwent urinary diversion (bladder trigone to sigmoid colon), and were maintained on a regular diet with antibiotics for 6 months, then killed. All animals developed metaplastic changes histologically at the anastomosis. Mean ODC levels of colonic mucosa at the anastomosis v normal colon 8 cm proximal were 515 +/- 177 pmole v 24.5 +/- 4.4 (P less than .01). These data show that premalignant changes in colonic mucosa after ureterosigmoidostomy can be detected by elevated colonic biopsy ODC levels. Periodic sigmoidoscopy with colon mucosa biopsy for histology and ODC levels in children with ureterosigmoidostomy is recommended. PMID- 3236175 TI - Primary closure of bladder exstrophy: long-term functional results in 137 patients. AB - Between 1945 and 1985, 207 patients were treated at our institution for exstrophy of the urinary bladder. Primary anatomical bladder closure was performed in 137 patients. In 97 patients treated prior to 1975, bladder closure was performed at a median age of 1 year and continence in this group was only 16%. Forty patients treated after 1975 underwent closure at a median age of 72 hours followed by staged reconstruction of the bladder neck. Continence in this group was 82%; however, the average number of surgical procedures was five as compared with two in the first group. Early bladder closure and staged reconstruction can achieve acceptable urinary continence, but multiple surgical procedures may be required. PMID- 3236176 TI - Early experience with open fetal surgery for congenital hydronephrosis. AB - The fetus with severe bilateral hydronephrosis and associated oligohydramnios in the second trimester is doomed at birth by ongoing pulmonary and renal damage. Since decompression with percutaneously placed catheters anesthetic, surgical, and tocolytic techniques for open fetal anesthetic, surgical, and tocolytic techniques for open fetal urinary tract decompression in animals, and have now applied those techniques to a small group of five patients. One had bilateral ureterostomies and the subsequent four had marsupialization of the bladder. All pregnancies proceeded to cesarean delivery at 32 to 35 weeks' gestation. There was no long-term maternal morbidity, and two mothers have since experienced normal pregnancies. Three fetuses had return of normal amniotic fluid dynamics, and all three had adequate pulmonary function at birth, suggesting that fatal pulmonary hypoplasia associated with early severe oligohydramnios had been reversed. Two neonates died at birth with pulmonary hypoplasia. One had no amniotic fluid even after decompression, and the other had some amniotic fluid after decompression but a tiny chest cavity due to the long period of severe oligohydramnios before decompression. Of the three surviving infants, one had normal renal function when she died of unrelated causes at 9 months of age. One has normal renal function at 23 months and the third had failing renal function at 2 1/2 years and has grown and developed normally, but will require renal transplantation. We have now developed selection criteria that would exclude from treatment the two fetuses who died of pulmonary hypoplasia and the one who developed renal failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3236177 TI - Early gender assignment in true hermaphroditism. AB - True hermaphroditism is a rare form of intersex anomaly where both male and female gonads are present. True hermaphrodites diagnosed in the past have been preferentially reared as males. However, based on the appearance of their external genitalia and the ability to reconstruct a functional genitourinary system, most of these children should be raised as girls. Between 1968 and 1987, we managed eight children with true hermaphroditism. The karyotypes were as follows: five 46XX, one 46XY, one 47XXY, and one 46XX/mosaic. Gonadal distribution was bilateral (two ovotestes) in two, lateral (testis and ovary) in two, and unilateral (ovotestis and ovary) in four. Seven patients were diagnosed shortly after birth. Six were raised as girls, two as boys. Based on a review of the relationship of external-internal genitalia, gonads, and karyotype of our own patients and those published by others, we believe that the appearance of the external genitalia alone allows a prompt and definitive gender assignment in infancy. This led us to develop a classification of external genitalia based on the following characteristics. Class I represents normal female genitalia, class II an enlarged clitoris, class III partially fused labioscrotal folds, class IV fused labioscrotal folds, class V a hypoplastic scrotum and penoscrotal hypospadias, and class VI represents normal male genitalia. We had two patients that were class II, two class III, three that were class IV, and one to IV should be raised as females; in class V, male gender assignment is preferable. This classification, based on the appearance of the external genitalia, allows a simple screening and prompt gender assignment in infants identified as true hermaphrodites. PMID- 3236178 TI - Induced renal dysplasia in the young pouch opossum. AB - Using the North American opossum, Didelphis virginiana, we have developed a new model for studying the effects of early fetal urinary obstruction on subsequent renal development. We have successfully induced renal dysplasia in the marsupial that has a typically mammalian kidney. PMID- 3236179 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: impact of preoperative stabilization. A prospective pilot study in 13 patients. AB - In case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), survival generally depends not on prenatal diagnosis, planned delivery, and immediate postnatal operation, but on the gravity of pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent hypertension (PPH). Many vasoactive drugs have become available for lowering PPH, but the mortality rate for CDH still amounts to 40% to 70%. Preoperative stabilization might prevent or at least reduce the risk of PPH. This method was evaluated in a pilot study lasting 15 months and involving 13 patients. All were admitted to the pediatric surgical intensive care unit within six hours of birth, all requiring mechanical ventilation. Continuous suction of the stomach and bowel proved successful in reducing the mediastinal shift. Study parameters were alveolar-arterial oxygenation differences ((A-a)DO2), mean airway pressure (MAP), oxygenation index (OI), and ventilation index (VI), measured on admission and at set times before and after surgery. Eight patients did not survive, but in two cases death was not directly related to CDH. The following conclusions were reached: (1) satisfactory ventilation parameters on admission will remain good during the preoperative stabilization phase and will not be affected by its duration or by subsequent surgery, spelling survival; (2) unsatisfactory ventilation parameters on admission may improve with preoperative stabilization, giving these patients a better chance of survival; and (3) poor ventilation parameters on admission that fail to improve with preoperative stabilization will not improve with surgery or postoperatively, spelling death. PMID- 3236180 TI - Adenosine triphosphate: a potential therapy for hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. AB - In this study we investigated whether a low-dose infusion of ATP-MgCl2 could ameliorate the pulmonary hypertension resulting from hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Three-week-old piglets were anesthetized, intubated, ventilated with room air, and cannulated for the measurement of pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure and pulmonary artery flow (cardiac output). The ventilator inflow was then changed to a mixture containing 10% oxygen, 4% CO2, and balance nitrogen. Serial infusions of ATP-MgCl2 at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg/min were compared to preinfusion hypoxia baselines. Hypoxia alone produced a significant elevation in pulmonary artery pressure. Although all dose rates of ATP-MgCl2 produced a significant decrease (30%) in mean pulmonary artery pressure, we observed a maximum decrease in MPAP at the lowest rate of ATP infusion. Pulmonary artery flow rose slightly during ATP infusion; therefore, it was the change in pulmonary vascular resistance that accounted for the decrease in pulmonary artery pressure. In contrast, the systemic pressure was significantly decreased only during the 1.0 mg/kg/min infusion. The predominant pulmonary effects are a result of the virtual clearance of ATP-MgCl2 in a single pass through the circulation. Adenosine in the presence or absence of MgCl2 produced only a 10% reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure, and MgCl2 had no effect when infused alone. From these results, we conclude that a low-dose infusion of ATP-MgCl2 could ameliorate the vasoconstriction associated with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension without significant deleterious systemic side effects. PMID- 3236181 TI - Surgical management of children and young adults with Marfan syndrome and pectus excavatum. AB - Significant chest wall deformities occur in two thirds of children with Marfan syndrome (MS). The symptoms, physical findings, and surgical outcome of 11 patients with MS and severe pectus excavatum who required operative repair were reviewed. The diagnosis of MS was made before the pectus repair in six patients, at the time of evaluation of pectus in two patients, and after the repair in three patients. Symptoms included dyspnea upon exertion, tachypnea, and chest pain. Physical findings included aortic root enlargement or valvular disease, mitral valve disease, ligamentous disease, congestive heart failure, and ocular disease. All patients had severe pectus deformities with a narrow anteroposterior diameter in the midline, as well as a broad chest defect that extended bilaterally to the midclavicular line. The heart was shifted into the left side of the chest in all patients. A Ravitch-type pectus repair with a stainless steel substernal strut was used in eight patients, with one patient suffering a late recurrence; in three patients no strut was used, and all three had recurrence. There were no postoperative complications. In the postoperative follow-up of seven patients, symptomatic improvement of cardiopulmonary performance was noted. Four of the patients required subsequent open heart surgery, including replacement of the aortic valve in one patient, and composite grafts of the ascending aorta in three patients. Postoperative cardiac arrest was the only major open heart complication. All four patients recovered and did well after surgery, showing significant cardiac and pulmonary functional improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3236183 TI - Balloon dilatation of postoperative tracheal stenosis. AB - Three patients who had previously undergone linear augmentation tracheoplasty developed postoperative stenosis within the grafted segment. In each patient, balloon catheter dilatation successfully enlarged the stenotic airway obviating secondary reconstruction in two. PMID- 3236182 TI - A new intratracheal stent for tracheobronchial reconstruction: experimental and clinical studies. AB - An intraluminal tracheal stent (ITS) was used experimentally in rabbits and piglets, as well as clinically in infants with tracheal stenosis, to facilitate airway reconstruction. The ITSs were constructed of stainless-steel springs covered with silicone rubber. They were implanted in seven piglets (6 to 8 kg), five rabbits (3 to 5 kg) and three infants. No animals developed severe respiratory distress and all appeared to tolerate the ITS. Postmortem examinations 1 to 8 weeks after surgery showed (1) loss of stent fixation (one pig), (2) increased tracheal secretions, (3) pneumonia (one pig, two rabbits), and (4) focal squamous metaplasia of tracheal mucosa. Stents used to treat three infants (2 to 5 months of age) with complex tracheobronchial stenosis were placed at the time of periosteal tracheoplasty in two. Recurrent stenosis necessitated a second tracheoplasty and stenting in one, and a long tracheostomy tube and balloon dilatations in the other. The third child had endoscopic stent insertion to alleviate severe airway collapse after esophageal tracheoplasty. The child died from progressive respiratory failure after stent dislodgment. Although the stents were well tolerated in animals and they enhanced critical ventilation of all pulmonary lobes in infants after tracheal reconstruction, certain modifications such as alternative methods of fixation, accommodation for tracheal growth, and reduction in tissue reactivity are necessary before further use of the ITS can be advocated. PMID- 3236185 TI - The effective use of intrapleural bupivacaine for analgesia after thoracic and subcostal incisions in children. AB - Twenty-four patients having undergone thoracotomies and subcostal incisions were treated for 24 hours with intrapleural bupivacaine with epinephrine. Vital signs, pain scores, and serum bupivacaine levels were recorded. No patient required narcotic medications and all patients obtained adequate analgesia. There were no complications of the technique or toxicity of the drug. Further studies need to be performed to extend the duration of use, to determine pharmacokinetics, and to compare with other techniques. PMID- 3236184 TI - Right pneumonectomy syndrome: a lethal complication of lung resection in a newborn with cystic adenomatoid malformation. AB - A newborn girl underwent a right pneumonectomy for cystic adenomatoid malformation. She subsequently developed compression of the trachea and left mainstem bronchus by a combination of aortic arch, pulmonary artery, and ductus arteriosus. She died while planning aortic suspension, and the anatomic relationships were confirmed by autopsy. This problem is potentially treatable by a variety of means. PMID- 3236186 TI - Arteriovenous pH difference--a new index of perfusion. AB - Measurement of the pH of arterial blood may not reflect early stages of anaerobic metabolism. Since a relationship exists between pH and cellular utilization of oxygen, this study sought to determine whether the difference between arterial and venous pH might serve as a more useful index for estimating the adequacy of tissue perfusion. Dogs were made hypovolemic, and hemodynamic profiles including thermodilution cardiac output were obtained while simultaneous arterial and central venous blood samples were analyzed for pH. Arteriovenous pH difference increased as cardiac index fell. Whenever the arteriovenous pH difference became greater than 0.05 pH units, the cardiac index had fallen below 65% of the baseline values. A difference of 0.05 pH units between arterial and venous blood predicted hypoperfusion in 90% of the animals. With deepening shock the gradient widened, and when resuscitation was effective the arteriovenous pH difference returned toward normal. These data suggest that arteriovenous pH difference may reliably predict clinically significant reductions in cardiac output and cellular perfusion. This finding could be useful in pediatric trauma and critical care settings in which invasive monitoring and direct determination of cardiac output are technically difficult. PMID- 3236187 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide potentiates the hypoxemia-induced decrease in splanchnic circulation in the rat. AB - The effects of acute infusion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and hypoxemia on splanchnic circulation were examined in 35 awake Sprague-Dawley rats. Indwelling catheters were placed in the superior vena cava and the proximal aorta via the internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery, respectively, while the rats were under ether anesthesia. Four hours later, when the rats were awake and active, VIP (molecular lot 3226) was infused intraarterially for 30 minutes. The distribution of cardiac output was measured at the end of VIP infusion using 125I-labeled microspheres. VIP was administered at a low (1.5 ng/min) and a high infusion rate (44.1 ng/min) for 30 minutes. The effect of hypoxemia on circulatory response to VIP was examined only in the high VIP infusion group, by placing the rat in a 10% oxygen environment. Appropriate control experiments were performed with each group. The high-dose VIP resulted in a marked reduction in distribution of cardiac output to the splanchnic circulation. This effect was potentiated by hypoxemia, particularly in the distal ileum and colon. The metabolic clearance rate of VIP increased with the rate of VIP infusion and was decreased by hypoxemia. It was concluded that only in high concentration does VIP have any effect on splanchnic circulation. However, in the presence of hypoxemia, VIP may have an important role in cardiovascular compensatory response and may contribute to the development of ischemic bowel injury. PMID- 3236188 TI - Effective thrombolytic therapy of aortic thrombosis in the small premature infant. AB - Aortic thrombosis in the very-low-birthweight premature infant has remained both a diagnostic and a therapeutic dilemma. Nine small infants were evaluated for symptoms of extremity and/or visceral ischemia. All were found to have aortoiliac thrombosis most likely related to indwelling umbilical artery catheters. Diagnostic and therapeutic options were evaluated. An angiogram obtained through the catheter was found to be the most effective diagnostic technique. Local infusion of intra-arterial streptokinase (50 U/kg/h) directly into the clot for 36 hours resulted in resolution of ischemic symptoms. No complications were encountered with the use of this protocol. PMID- 3236189 TI - Central venous catheters--no X-rays needed: a prospective study in 50 consecutive infants and children. AB - A technique of central venous line (CVL) placement using ECG guidance is described. The method utilizes equipment found in most operating room departments, is easily learned and taught, and obviates the need for x-rays. CVL placement in 50 consecutive infants and children was performed over a 4-month period by the ECG-guided method, with catheter tip position subsequently determined by x-ray study. The technique demonstrated a 96% success and 100% accuracy rate. The two technical failures were both preventable. Equipment malfunction was responsible for one failure. The second failure was secondary to a preexisting supraventricular arrhythmia, and patients with arrhythmias or pacemakers are not suitable candidates for this technique of central venous catheterization. Radiologic methods of CVL placement were necessary in these two patients. PMID- 3236190 TI - Successful treatment of Candida-infected caval thrombosis in critically ill infants by low-dose streptokinase infusion. AB - Chronic central venous catheters are an important component in the management of chronically ill infants and children. Sepsis and thrombosis are common complications of these catheters. When the combination of Candida sepsis and caval thrombosis occurs, the prognosis is very poor. Lysis of the thrombus is critical to effective therapy and allows preservation of vascular access. We report the successful treatment of four critically ill infants with Candida infected caval thrombosis treated with low-dose infusion of streptokinase combined with standard antimicrobial therapy. All four infants survived, and in all cases thrombolysis was complete and Candida sepsis resolved. Each of the infants required continued central venous access, which was made possible by resolution of the caval thrombosis. There were no hemorrhagic or other complications of the therapy. PMID- 3236191 TI - Fate of the distal esophageal remnant following esophageal replacement. AB - When a colon segment is used for esophageal replacement in patients with esophageal atresia, the distal esophageal remnant is often left in place. We recently treated two patients who developed esophagitis in their esophageal remnants and did not respond to cimetidine and antacids. They were treated by esophagectomy at 22 and 37 years of age with relief of symptoms. One had an ulcer and stricture near the gastroesophageal junction and the second had gastric mucosa (Barrett's esophagus) replacing most of the squamous epithelium. Six additional patients were then reviewed who had resection of their distal esophageal segments between 1978 and 1987. Esophagitis was present in all. Also identified were two specimens with Barrett's esophagus and four with mural bronchial glands as well as surface respiratory and metaplastic squamous epithelium in two, and cartilagenous remnants in two. The findings of chronic inflammation in the esophageal remnant and three cases of Barrett's esophagus raise concern about the possible long-term complication of malignancy. Therefore, we recommend that esophagectomy be performed at the time of esophageal replacement if feasible, or later if symptoms occur or barium studies show esophagitis or ulceration. PMID- 3236192 TI - Colon esophagoplasty in the orthotopic position. AB - Three cases of long-gap esophageal atresia were repaired using a technique that included a right extrapleural thoracotomy, preservation of the entire esophagus available, both anastomoses in the mediastinum, use of a short segment of colon, and preservation of the ileocecal valve. This approach, not previously described, combines multiple features aimed at decreasing complications related to traditional techniques. Successful early results are promising. PMID- 3236193 TI - A staged approach to long gap esophageal atresia employing a spiral myotomy and delayed reconstruction of the esophagus: an experimental study. AB - In beagle dogs, the cervical esophagus was divided 5 cm cranial to the thoracic inlet employing a stapler. The distal esophageal stump was attached to the external surface of the trachea. A spiral myotomy (2 1/2 revolutions) was made in a 3-cm long segment constituting the distal end of the proximal esophageal segment. This was twisted on a bias with the muscle edges approximated by interrupted stitches to cover the denuded submucosal layer. With moderate traction, this segment could be elongated to a length of 5 cm. A subcutaneous tunnel was created in the anterior chest to accommodate the reconstructed proximal esophageal segment (under slight traction), with its distal end forming a cutaneous esophagostomy. A gastrostomy was created using a Gauderer button (Bard Interventional Products, Billerica, MA) for feeding. After 3 weeks, the proximal esophageal segment was mobilized and removed from the subcutaneous tunnel. The distal esophageal segment was freed from the trachea and 5 to 8 cm of its proximal end was excised. The proximal (myotomized) esophagus was brought down to the stump of the remaining distal esophagus and an anastomosis formed in an end-to-end fashion. Oral feeding was reestablished within 1 week. Prolonged ingestion, observed soon after operation, gradually improved. During a period of 1 to 6 months after the operation, motility of the myotomized segment was tested by barium swallow and manometry. There was neither diverticulum formation nor stenosis. Transit of contrast material in the myotomized segment was smooth and rapid. Manometry demonstrated preservation of motility in the myotomized segment of the esophagus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3236194 TI - Case of a 46XY infant with gonadoblastoma. PMID- 3236195 TI - Use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in children. PMID- 3236196 TI - Stoma-related Variceal Bleeding: An Under-Recognized Complication of Biliary Atresia. PMID- 3236197 TI - [Solubilization of cytochromes P-450 from the human liver by various classes of detergents]. PMID- 3236199 TI - ["Pharmacotechnical models" a concept, a strategy]. PMID- 3236198 TI - [Synthesis and analgesic activity of new spiro-derivatives of benzothiazoline]. PMID- 3236200 TI - [Bioavailability of paracetamol in pharmaceutical forms after a single oral administration]. PMID- 3236201 TI - [The comparative bioavailability of acetylsalicylic acid from four dosage forms. Application of the statistical moment theory to the interpretation of results and the determination of in vitro/in vivo correlations]. PMID- 3236202 TI - [Reactions and drug interactions]. PMID- 3236203 TI - Cardiotonic activity of 5-methyl-6-(4-pyridyl)-2H-1,4-thiazin-3(4H)-one hydrochloride (ZSY-27). AB - Cardiotonic activity of a new, non-catecholamine and non-glycoside positive inotropic agent, 5-methyl-6-(4-pyridyl)-2H-1,4-thiazin-3(4H)-one hydrochloride (ZSY-27), was investigated in isolated guinea pig left atria, cat right ventricular papillary muscle and cross-circulated excised dog papillary muscle preparations, and in anesthetized open-chest dogs. In electrically driven guinea pig left atria and cat papillary muscle preparations, ZSY-27 (3 x 10(-6)-10(-4) M) increased the developed tension in a concentration-related manner. The positive inotropic effect of ZSY-27 was not blocked by propranolol (3 x 10(-8) M) in the guinea pig atria, but was significantly inhibited by carbachol (5 x 10(-6) M) in cat papillary muscle preparations. The positive inotropic effect of ZSY-27 was comparable to that of milrinone in guinea pig atria. ZSY-27 (0.01-3 mg) increased dose-dependently the developed tension in cross-circulated excised dog papillary muscle preparations as well. In anesthetized dogs, ZSY-27 (0.03-1 mg/kg, i.v.) produced a dose-dependent increase in left ventricular contractile force and a decrease in blood pressure, while the increase in heart rate was relatively small. The pharmacological profile of ZSY-27 in anesthetized dogs was similar to that of milrinone. These results suggest that ZSY-27 is potent cardiotonic agent with vasodilator activity and its effect may be partially due to an increase in the intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate level. PMID- 3236204 TI - Inhibitory effect of KW-3049, a new 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on the reduction of myocardial creatine kinase activity and high-energy phosphate content in rats subjected to coronary artery ligation. AB - The effect of KW-3049, (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4 dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarb oxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride on myocardial infarction in rats was examined, in comparison with some other drugs. Extension of myocardial infarction was assessed by separately determining the tissue creatine kinase (CK) activity of left ventricular free wall (LVFW) and that of interventricular septum. Loss of CK activity was limited to LVFW until 6 h after the ligation of the left main coronary artery, while 24 h after the ligation, it extended to the septum. Therefore, the effects of drugs were examined mainly in rats following 6 h of coronary artery ligation. Pretreatments with KW-3049 at 1 and 3 mg/kg (p.o.), given 1 h before coronary artery ligation, significantly reduced the loss of CK activity of LVFW by 45.3 and 39.7%, respectively. Also, posttreatment with KW 3049 at 30 micrograms/kg (i.p.), given 10 min after the ligation, significantly reduced the loss of CK activity by 30.6%. On the other hand, nifedipine (3, 10 mg/kg, p.o.), propranolol (100 mg/kg, p.o.), OKY-1581 (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and BM 13.177 (100 mg/kg, p.o.), each of which was given 1 h before coronary ligation, did not significantly reduce the loss of CK activity. Coronary artery ligation for 6 h significantly decreased the myocardial contents of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP). Pretreatments with KW-3049 at 1 and 3 mg/kg (p.o.) reduced the decrease in ATP and CP. These results suggest that KW-3049 possesses a superior cardioprotective effect in comparison with the other drugs examined. The possible implications for the protection by KW-3049 are discussed. PMID- 3236205 TI - Studies on metabolic pathways of cyanate in rats. AB - Metabolic pathways of cyanate in rats were studied by means of measurements of cyanate, carbamyl phosphate and S-carbamyl group. Approximately 30-50% of cyanate administered to rats (0.5 mmol/kg body weight) was found in buffered gastric contents, and was also detected as ammonia liberated by acid hydrolysis. However, the gastric excretion of cyanate was a temporary phenomenon just after cyanate administration. Biliary and urinary excretion of cyanate and acid-soluble S carbamyl group are minor metabolic pathways. PMID- 3236206 TI - Evaluation of single-point phenytoin dosage prediction methods in pediatric patients. AB - Phenytoin (PHT) dosage adjustment in a clinical situation is difficult because of the nonlinear metabolism of the drug. Therefore, many techniques have been advocated to aid in dosage adjustments based on single-point PHT concentration determined at steady-state (SS). We retrospectively investigated seven methods in a population of 90 outpatients treated with PHT. The dose needed to achieve a desired PHT concentration at SS was calculated based on an observed SS dose concentration pair using the Richens and Dunlop nomogram (RD), the Rambeck nomogram, the Martin nomogram, the Chiba nomogram, a population clearance method, the Wagner dosing equation and the Bayesian feedback method(B). Mean prediction error, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) were separately calculated for each method, and served as a measure of prediction bias and precision. The MAE and RMSE were lowest for method B (MAE = 28.7 mg/d, RMSE = 36.8 mg/d), followed by method RD (MAE = 30.3 mg/d, RMSE = 40.8 mg/d). Therefore, we recommend the use of method B to make routine PHT dosage adjustments in pediatric patients when only one dose and one concentration are available. PMID- 3236207 TI - Distinctive effect of ginseng saponins on development of morphine tolerance in guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens. AB - Studies on the effect of ginseng saponins on the development of tolerance to morphine have been carried out using isolated preparations of guinea-pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD). Incubation of GPI preparation with morphine resulted in the development of tolerance to the inhibitory effect of morphine on the electrically evoked contractions. Ginseng total saponins and one of the constituents, protopanaxatriol saponin, suppressed the development of morphine tolerance in a concentration dependent manner in GPI preparation, though another constituent, protopanaxadiol saponin, did not affect the tolerance development substantially. In the MVD preparation, the development of tolerance to the morphine effect was observed as well, but none of the ginseng saponins affected it. It has been well established that electrically evoked contractions of GPI and MVD are mediated by acetylcholine and norepinephrine, respectively, and presumably their release is regulated presynaptically by opioid receptors. The fact that ginseng saponins suppressed the development of morphine tolerance only in the GPI preparation suggest that the inhibitory effect is mediated through and effect on the cholinergic system, without the involvement of direct action on opioid receptors. PMID- 3236208 TI - Thermodynamic study on enhancement of percutaneous penetration of drugs by Azone. AB - The mechanism whereby Azone (AZ, 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one) enhances drug penetration through the hairless rat abdominal skin was investigated thermodynamically. Three kinds of drugs, indomethacin, ibuprofen and sulfanilamide which have similar solubilities in a mixed organic solvent (ethanol diethylcarbitol, 40:60 v/v), were selected to evaluate the drug penetration with or without 5% AZ. Transdermal delivery rates were determined at 27 and 37 degrees C by using an in vitro diffusion cell procedure and the abdominal full-thickness skin of hairless rat. The solubility of each of the three drugs in the solvent with AZ was similar to that without AZ. Ethanol in the vehicle penetrated through the skin prior to the drugs. Activation energies for the skin penetration of the three drugs in the presence of AZ were decreased compared to those in its absence. For all drugs the partition coefficients between the skin and vehicle with AZ were 2-80 times higher than those without it. The activity coefficients of drugs in the presence of AZ in the skin were 2-90 times lower than those without the enhancer. These results suggested that the enhancing effect of AZ was not due to changing the solubility of the drugs in solvents but to increasing the thermodynamic activities and the affinities of the drugs to skin. PMID- 3236209 TI - Direct regulation of bone resorption of chick embryonic femur in organ culture by the change of calcium or phosphate ion concentration in the medium. AB - Bone resorbing activity was determined in organ culture by following the change of biological half life of 45Ca (T1/2) incorporated into bone salts of chick embryonic femur. The elevation of calcium or phosphate ion in the medium brought about an increase of T1/2, indicating that the bone resorption was inhibited. Conversely, the decrease of calcium or phosphate content in the medium resulted in the decrease of T1/2. A change of the magnesium ion concentration in the medium had no discernible effect on T1/2. These results suggest that a direct regulating system exists between bone resorption of chick embryonic femur and calcium or phosphate content in the medium and this phenomenon is specific for calcium or phosphate ion. PMID- 3236210 TI - The effects of a highly branched beta-1,3-glucan, SSG, obtained from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum IFO 9395 on the growth of syngeneic tumors in mice. AB - The effects of a highly branched beta-1,3-glucan, SSG, obtained from a culture filtrate of a fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum IFO 9395, on the growth of syngeneic tumors and antitumor effector cells were examined. In the Meth A solid tumor systems, SSG administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), intralesionally (i.l.), or intravenously (i.v.) showed significant antitumor activities. Furthermore, SSG administered i.p. also showed effective activities against IMC carcinoma. SSG enhanced nonspecific antitumor effector functions, such as natural killer activity of spleen cells and the cytolytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, SSG increased the specific immune response (cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity) against allogeneic tumor cells. PMID- 3236212 TI - Pharmacokinetics of oral sulfa drugs and gastric emptying in the pig. AB - The plasma pharmacokinetics of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) in the pig were examined after the oral and intravenous (i.v.) administration of the sodium salt solutions. Eight pigs from a commercial breed and 8 Goettingen minipigs were used. Both the Cmax and tmax of SMM and SMZ ranged widely. A flipflop phenomenon was found after the SMM solution but not after the oral SMZ. Duodenal cannulae were inserted in 5 pigs. The SMM solution and the SMM suspension were directly injected into the duodenum through the duodenal cannula. Both Cmax values were in a narrow range. Both tmax values were in a narrow range and were reached within 30 min. There was no flipflop phenomenon. Gastric emptying in the pig was examined using duodenal cannulated pigs. Phenol red solution and SMM suspension were administered orally. The time courses of gastric emptying of the two markers were nearly coincident and they approximated an exponential decrease. The times required for the 50% passage of the marker from the stomach ranged widely between 0.06-7.7 h, which may cause the variation in the Cmax and tmax of the sulfadrugs after oral administration. The kappa-GE (rate constant of the terminal phase of gastric emptying) also ranged widely. Nine kappa-GE values among 22 were smaller than the minimum value of the SMM kappa el values, which may cause the flipflop phenomenon of the oral SMM. In contrast, all of the kappa el values of SMZ were smaller than the minimum value of kappa-GE. And no flipflop phenomenon was found after the oral SMZ. Accordingly, the pharmacokinetics after the oral sulfonamides solution may be intimately influenced by the gastric emptying. PMID- 3236211 TI - Increased diuretic response to furosemide in rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure. AB - To clarify the diuretic response to furosemide in a diseased state, the urinary excretion of furosemide, water, and electrolytes was examined after a single intravenous injection of furosemide in control rats and rats with mild acute renal failure (ARF) induced by glycerol. The urinary recovery of furosemide was similar in the control and ARF rats. However, the diuretic response to furosemide was increased in ARF rats compared with control rats. Although the relationship between the urine flow rate (UFR) and the urinary excretion rate of (Na+ + K+) (UV Na + K) was the same in both groups, the urinary excretion rate of K+ (UV K) was decreased in ARF rats. The concentrating ability in ARF rats was also decreased compared with that in control rats. By infusion of aldosterone in ARF rats, both UV K and the concentrating ability were increased and the diuretic response to furosemide was decreased, whereas the relationship between UFR and UV Na + K was not changed. Therefore, it is concluded that the increased diuretic response to urinary excretion of furosemide in ARF rats may be caused, at least in part, by the decreased concentrating ability along the nephron. PMID- 3236213 TI - Studies on intestinal lymphatic absorption of drugs. II. Glyceride prodrugs for improving lymphatic absorption of naproxen and nicotinic acid. AB - A series of alpha- and beta-monoglycerides and triglyceride derivatives of naproxen or nicotinic acid were synthesized and investigated in order to elucidate the molecular form of the derivative with properties that enhanced lymphatic absorption. The lymphatic absorption rate was increased by adjusting the length of an n-alkyl chain introduced between the alpha- or beta-position of glycerol and the drug residue. The alpha- and beta-monoglyceride derivatives (containing an n-alkyl chain) were approximately equal in lymphatic absorption rates, but differed markedly in the concentration of the di- and triglyceride analogues in the lymph lipids. The lymphatic absorption of triglyceride derivatives, drugs combined directly with beta-position of glycerol, was low in comparison with the monoglyceride derivatives. Compared with nicotinic acid, the alpha-monoglyceride derivative (n-alkyl chain length, Cn = 20) of nicotinic acid provided a higher AUC0-8 h value of free nicotinic acid and maintained a lower level of free fatty acids in blood. PMID- 3236214 TI - Gastric emptying rates of drug preparations. I. Effects of size of dosage forms, food and species on gastric emptying rates. AB - The gastric emptying rates of oral dosage forms of different sizes were studied in humans and beagle dogs measuring of marker drugs such as acetaminophen, aspirin and pyridoxal phosphate in plasma or urine. The marker drugs, except acetaminophen, were contained in enteric-coated granules or tablets which did not dissolve in the stomach but dissolved rapidly in the upper intestine. The gastric emptying rate of a dosage form of smaller size was faster than that of a larger size. The gastric emptying rates of dosage forms with different sizes did not correlate with each other inter-individually. The gastric emptying rates of dosage forms of any size were delayed when drugs were administered after taking a meal. The gastric emptying rates of dosage forms were extremely prolonged in beagle dogs after drug administration postprandially, and this restricted the use of beagle dogs as an animal model in bioavailability tests. PMID- 3236215 TI - Gastric emptying rates of drug preparations. II. Effects of size and density of enteric-coated drug preparations and food on gastric emptying rates in humans. AB - Enteric-coated granules with different densities and tablets of different sizes were prepared in order to study the effect of these physical properties of dosage forms on the gastric emptying rates in humans. The effect of food on the gastric emptying rate was also studied. Aspirin contained in an enteric-coated product as a marker drug was used to determine the gastric emptying rate by measuring salicylates excreted into the urine. The larger the size of the dosage form, the larger were the values of parameters for estimating the gastric emptying rate such as tlag, tmax and the mean absorption time. There was a significant correlation between the gastric emptying rates and sizes of dosage forms. On the other hand, no effects of density of enteric-coated granules on the gastric emptying rate were observed. The gastric emptying of dosage forms of various sizes or densities tested were prolonged by food. However, the gastric emptying rate of granules was less affected by food than that of tablets. PMID- 3236216 TI - Role of deacetylation in the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of sulfamonomethoxine in pigs. AB - The role of deacetylation in the pharmacokinetics of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) in pigs was studied using 6 Goettingen minipigs and a pig from a commercial breed. The rapid decrease of plasma concentration of the parent compound followed by the rapid increase of plasma concentration of the deacetylated metabolite, SMM, was observed after an i.v. injection of N4-acetylsulfamonomethoxine (AcSMM; 10 mg/kg). The concentration of the metabolite, SMM, was greater than that of AcSMM and after reaching peak, both compounds decreased in parallel on a semilogarithmic graph. On the other hand, the acetylated compound of SMM (AcSMM) appeared in the plasma and reached peak after an i.v. injection of SMM. After reaching the peak, both SMM and AcSMM decreased in parallel. The slopes of the terminal phases of SMM and AcSMM after both injections showed no significant difference. After the i.v. injection of a high dose of SMM (100 mg/kg), a nonlinear pharmacokinetics profile with capacity limited elimination type of SMM was observed. The concentration of plasma AcSMM increased rapidly and the parallel decrease of SMM and AcSMM was observed in both nonlinear and linear phases, while the renal excretion of AcSMM was saturated in the nonlinear phase. The results suggest that the deacetylation in pigs is so strong that it largely affected the pharmacokinetics of SMM in both high and low doses. In spite of the saturation in renal excretion of the main metabolite, AcSMM, after the high dose, the profile of the parallel decrease remained unchanged, which may be due to the rapid conversion of the excess AcSMM to SMM. The converted SMM was added to the existing plasma SMM. As a result, the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of SMM may have occurred after a high dose of SMM in pigs. PMID- 3236217 TI - Decreased diuretic response to furosemide in rats with acute hepatic failure. AB - Furosemide diuresis is occasionally reduced in cirrhotic patients with ascites. To define this phenomenon, the amounts of water, electrolytes, and furosemide excreted in urine were measured in control and CCl4-induced acute hepatic failure (AHF) rats. The diuretic action of furosemide (10 mg/kg, i.v.) was reduced in AHF rats, accompanied by increased plasma aldosterone concentration and accelerated urinary K+ excretion rate. Furosemide transiently increased the urinary inulin excretion rate (UVIN) in both control and AHF rats. Then the UVIN quickly returned to the baseline value in control rats, but rapidly dropped below the baseline in AHF rats. To clarify the contribution of aldosterone in these phenomena, AHF rats was adrenalectomized (ADX) and treated with or without exogenous aldosterone. The UVIN in ADX rats given no infusion or a low-dose aldosterone infusion was similar in pattern to that of the control group, but the UVIN in the ADX rats given a high-dose aldosterone infusion showed a pattern similar to that of the AHF rats not adrenalectomized. These findings indicate that an increase in plasma aldosterone concentration is an important factor responsible for the decreased diuretic action of furosemide, along with the reduced glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 3236218 TI - Effect of soil treatment with sewage and sludge on fungal populations. AB - The effect of soil treatment with sewage and sludge at three doses (1%, 10% and 20% w/w) on its fungal population was studied in vitro. The treatment of soil with sewage significantly increased the count of total fungi after 1 week by the high dose, and after 12 weeks by each of the three doses. Fungi differed in their response to the different doses of sewage: some were promoted and others were inhibited. The count of total fungi was significantly raised by the low dose of sludge after 1 week of soil treatment, and by the medium and the high doses after 12 weeks. Counts of all fungi were significantly increased at certain treatments with sludge, except those of Aspergillus niger (at the high dose after 6 weeks), Fusarium (at each of the three doses after 3 weeks and at the high dose after 6 weeks) and Paecilomyces varioti (by the medium and the high doses after 1 week) whose counts were significantly lower than those in untreated soil. PMID- 3236219 TI - Mycoflora of air-conditioners dust from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. AB - Using the hair baiting technique, 6 genera and 14 species were collected on Sabouraud's dextrose agar from 37 dust samples from air-conditioners. The most common fungi were Chrysosporium tropicum, C. indicum, C. keratinophilum, Aspergillus flavus followed by Acremonium strictum and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Using the dilution-plate method, 26 genera and 52 species were collected from 37 dust samples on glucose-(23 genera and 45 species) and cellulose-(18 genera and 34 species) Czapek's agar at 28 degrees C. The most prevalent species were Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Stachybotrys chartarum, Ulocladium atrum, Mucor racemosus and Fusarium solani and A. niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma viride, P. chrysogenum, Ulocladium atrum, Chaetomium globosum, C. spirale, Stachybotrys chartarum and Mucor racemosus on the two media, respectively. PMID- 3236220 TI - Degradation of 3-aminophenol by Arthrobacter spec. mA3. AB - The bacterial strain mA3 capable of utilizing 3-aminophenol as the sole source of carbon, energy and nitrogen for growth was isolated from an enrichment culture and identified as an Arthrobacter species. Utilization of 0.68 mg/ml 3 aminophenol by batch cultures of this organism was characterized by a specific growth rate (mu) of 0.18 h-1 and a yield coefficient (Y) of 0.60. In chemostat cultures of strain mA3 we determined a critical dilution rate (Dc) of 0.175 h-1 by continuous addition of mineral salt medium with 0.5 mg/ml 3-aminophenol. Evidence was obtained that the degradation of catechol by 3-aminophenol induced as well as non-induced cells follows the beta-ketoadipate pathway. The excess ammonium ions, originating from 3-aminophenol degradation and not needed for assimilation were released into the medium. Cells adapted to 3-aminophenol exhibited a high substrate specificity. Among different aromatic substances tested, only catechol and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate could serve as a carbon source for growth. The importance of the meta position of the amino group for the first step of hydroxylation is discussed in connection with the substrate specificity of whole mA3 cells. PMID- 3236221 TI - Interconversion and glucose-induced inactivation of glucose transport systems in Candida shehatae. AB - During starvation (derepression) glucose-grown cells of Candida shehatae IGC 3607 displayed total interconversion of facilitated diffusion of glucose into a glucose-proton symport, dependent on de novo protein synthesis (proteosynthetic interconversion). The reverse process, inactivation of the proton symport induced by glucose or 2-deoxyglucose, was not accompanied by reemergence of the facilitated diffusion function. The inactivation process had a rapid initial and a slow second phase. The rapid inactivation depended on the external sugar concentration and was reversible while the subsequent slow inactivation was irreversible and independent of the external concentration of the signalling sugar. Interaction of the latter with a surface receptor was indicated by the range of sugar concentrations that affected rapid inactivation. PMID- 3236222 TI - [Detection and characterization of a levansucrase and a sucrase in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola]. AB - Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, a plant pathogenic pseudomonad, possesses two sucrose-splitting enzymes, a levansucrase and a sucrase. The levansucrase is found both extracellularly and intracellularly, and enzyme synthesis is independent of the carbon source. In addition to levansucrase, cells grown on sucrose contain a sucrase. The two sucrose-splitting enzymes differ in their optimum pH value and optimum temperature as well as in their substrate specificities. PMID- 3236223 TI - Potential pitfalls in in vitro antitumor activity testing of free and liposome entrapped doxorubicin. AB - This paper addresses several potential problems which may play a critical role in the outcome of in vitro studies designed to investigate the antitumor activity of drugs. These problems were demonstrated to exist in in vitro assays developed for the evaluation of antitumor activity of free and liposome-entrapped doxorubicin (DXR). The stability of DXR-containing liposomes against drug leakage into the culture medium, as well as the chemical stability and extent of adsorption to tissue culture plastics of both free and liposomal DXR during the liposome-tumor cell incubation, were investigated. It is concluded that a full understanding of these processes is required for a reliable interpretation of the experimental results. PMID- 3236224 TI - Influence of maternal plasma protein binding on fetal unbound plasma concentration of propranolol in the pregnant ewe. AB - According to theory, for a drug of nonrestrictive, flow-limited clearance, a change during pregnancy of the unbound fraction (fu) of drug in maternal plasma should cause a change in steady-state unbound plasma drug concentration (Cu) in maternal plasma, which should also cause a change in fetal Cu. This theory was examined in 14 chronically cannulated, unanesthetized pregnant ewes in which 28 separate experiments were performed during the latter part of gestation. An initial bolus dose and 3-h constant rate infusion of propranolol were administered via the maternal jugular vein and steady-state maternal and fetal carotid arterial plasma total and unbound propranolol concentrations were measured. Fetal Cu (32 +/- 21 ng/mL) was significantly less than maternal Cu (78 +/- 52 ng/mL), due to previously demonstrated fetal hepatic extraction of propranolol. Notwithstanding fetal elimination, there was a significant correlation between fetal Cu and maternal Cu (r = 0.41, p less than 0.025). There was also a strong correlation between fetal Cu and the maternal unbound fraction of drug (fu; r = 0.75, p less than 0.001). We conclude that for propranolol, a drug of nonrestrictive, flow-limited clearance, changes in maternal fu can have a significant influence on fetal Cu, and therefore would be expected to influence the pharmacological effect of the drug in the fetus. PMID- 3236225 TI - Systemic absorption of ocularly administered enkephalinamide and inulin in the albino rabbit: extent, pathways, and vehicle effects. AB - The systemic absorption of ocularly applied tritiated [D-Ala2]metenkephalinamide (YAGFM) and inulin was studied in the albino rabbit with respect to rate, extent, pathways, and vehicle effects and compared with epinephrine. Peak concentration was achieved within 20 min except for inulin, for which absorption was still ongoing at 120 min. For YAGFM, the apparent absorption rate was slower than the elimination rate, thus obeying "flip-flop" pharmacokinetics. Based on the area under the plasma concentration curve from zero to 120 min, the percent of dose systemically absorbed was 36.1 +/- 4.4% for YAGFM, at least 3.3 +/- 0.2% for inulin, and 58.5 +/- 4.4% for epinephrine. This suggests that loss of drug to the systemic circulation is a more important factor in reducing the ocular absorption of YAGFM than for inulin. The conjunctival mucosa played as important a role as the nasal mucosa in the systemic absorption of YAGFM, while playing a secondary role in the case of inulin. Unlike nonpeptide drugs, the systemic absorption of ocularly administered YAGFM and inulin was not adversely affected by incorporation in 5% polyvinyl alcohol. Overall, the contact time of the instilled dose with the conjunctival and the nasal mucosae, their intrinsic permeability, and the extent of dilution of the instilled dose are key factors determining the vehicle effects on the extent of systemic absorption of ocularly applied peptides. PMID- 3236226 TI - Absorption enhancement of rectally infused cefoxitin by medium chain monoglycerides in conscious rats. AB - The enhancing effect of the medium chain monoglycerides glyceryl-1-monoctanoate (GMO), glyceryl-1-monodecanoate (GMD), and glyceryl-1-monododecanoate (GMDD) on rectal absorption of the cephalosporin antibiotic cefoxitin [(6R,7S)-3 hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-8-oxo-7-[2-(2-thienyl)acetamido]-5- thia-1 azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid carbamate (ester)] was investigated in unanesthetized rats. Rectal infusion of 3 mg of cefoxitin sodium without monoglyceride resulted in a mean bioavailability of 31 +/- 18% and a mean residence time (MRT) of 134 +/- 44 min. Coadministration with 53% (w/w) GMO significantly enhanced cefoxitin absorption, resulting in a mean bioavailability of 84 +/- 11% and a mean MRT of 75 +/- 8 min. In a lower concentration, GMD (13% w/w) also significantly promoted cefoxitin bioavailability to 68 +/- 14% and reduced MRT to 70 +/- 11 min. With GMDD only, a trend of increasing bioavailability with increasing monoglyceride concentration was observed, which may be explained by its limited aqueous solubility. Concerning the action of GMO and GMD, the longer monoglyceride is, in terms of effective concentration, more potent in enhancing the extent and rate of cefoxitin absorption. However, a further increase in chain length results in a loss of effect, indicating that the effect of monoglycerides on drug absorption may be determined by their intrinsic absorption enhancing action and solubility. PMID- 3236227 TI - Distribution and fate of diethyl malonate and diisopropyl fluorophosphate on pig skin in vitro. AB - The in vitro distribution and fate of [14C]diethyl malonate and [14C]diisopropyl fluorophosphate were evaluated on normal and heat-treated pig skin. The extent of hydrolysis from the skin surface, skin, and receptor fluid was determined. A significant skin-mediated hydrolysis (15-35% of applied dose) was observed for diethyl malonate in normal skin, but not in heat-treated skin. These results indicated that a heat labile process (e.g., enzymatic hydrolysis) was in part responsible for the degradation of diethyl malonate after topical application to normal skin. Heat treatment tripled the skin penetration of diisopropyl fluorophosphate and reduced the amount of recovered hydrolysis product, diisopropyl phosphoric acid. Enzymatic and spontaneous hydrolysis, as well as impurity, accounted for the presence of degradation product. PMID- 3236228 TI - Specificity of esterases and structure of prodrug esters: reactivity of various acylated acetaminophen compounds and acetylaminobenzoated compounds. AB - The relative rates of enzymatically catalyzed hydrolysis of various esters of p acetylaminobenzoic acid (APAB) and variously acylated acetaminophen (APAP) derivatives were measured. Neutral, anionic, and cationic esters were examined. The enzyme sources adopted were rat intestinal homogenate, rat liver homogenate, rat plasma, and a partly purified commercial enzyme. In both APAB and APAP esters, neutral esters were the most sensitive of the enzyme sources examined, and the sensitivity was due to the carbon chain length. The APAB esters were enzymatically more stable than the APAP esters. The relative rates of hydrolysis of these esters varied depending on the enzyme source. The ability of structure recognition was good in rat intestinal homogenate, but weak in rat plasma. These results suggest that ester prodrugs can be designed to cleave preferentially at selected sites along the pathway between absorption and disposition in the body. PMID- 3236229 TI - Theoretical analysis of the release of drug from completely dissolving carriers containing drug particles. AB - The approach of "controlled supply of slow-release particles" is evaluated for a dissolving carrier system containing drug particles. Drug dissolution from this system is calculated after solving a convolution integral. The effects of geometry and relative dissolution time between drug particles and carrier device on drug dissolution kinetics are considered. Minima in the deviation of the dissolution profiles from linearity as a function of relative dissolution time are found. The impacts of geometry on the minima are discussed. Incorporation of a second system of isometric drug particles in an isometric carrier shows less deviation from constant-release kinetics when suitable values of the parameters affecting drug release are used in the calculations. A substantially constant rate of release of drug can be realized for a system of two carriers, each containing "slow-release" drug particles. The initial deviation from linearity in the sigmoidally shaped profile of drug dissolved in time from one of the two carriers is eliminated by the release of dissolved drug from the second carrier. About 80% of the drug content is dissolved at a constant rate by the combination of the two carriers. PMID- 3236230 TI - Effect of dispersion on the coloring properties of aluminum dye lakes. AB - The effect of particle size on the coloring properties of aluminum dye lakes was studied. Lakes impart color by dispersion in the medium to be colored. Dispersion techniques were developed, using scanning electron micrographs for particle sizing. The color strength and the trichromatic colorimetric properties were calculated from reflectance values measured from "drawdown" films. The results clearly show that the coloring properties of lakes are related to the surface of lake that is wetted by the medium, and resemble results obtained in paint systems. The submicron particles are especially important, contributing greatly to the color strength. The results also agree with theoretical predictions based on certain assumptions for the refractive index of the lakes. The utility of the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space is demonstrated by quantifying changes in hue, chroma, lightness, and total color difference with different dispersion levels. PMID- 3236231 TI - Rate of release of organic carboxylic acids from ion-exchange resins. AB - Organic anions with similar properties, but different molecular weights, were bound to anion-exchange resins with different cross-linking. It was found that the capacity of the ion-exchange resin for the anions, the percentage of organic anion released, and the rate of release depends on the crosslinking of the ion exchange resin, the molecular weight of the anion, and the moisture content of the resin. Self-diffusion coefficients for the release rates were determined. PMID- 3236232 TI - Influence of gamma radiation on the gel rigidity index and binding capability of gelatin. AB - Changes in the rigidity indices of gelatin gel before and after gamma irradiation were characterized by dynamic mechanical testing, and the significance of these changes on the strength of granules was evaluated. Results illustrate the difficulty of obtaining reproducible values for gels containing less than 20% gelatin. However, rigidity indices for gels with a gelatin content of 20% and higher are consistent and may provide a useful controlling factor for preparation of gelatins of more precise specifications. The data indicate that rigidity degradation kinetics of several concentrations of gelatin gel at different radiation doses are complex, showing both increasing and decreasing rates. These findings strongly suggest that doses of less than 2.0 Mrad of gamma radiation should be used in order to obtain gelatins of acceptable quality for pharmaceutical applications. The crushing strength of granules of lactose powder granulated with irradiated gelatin reveals that the binding capability of such gelatin is significantly reduced. The results obtained for various size fractions and granule hardnesses containing different binder concentrations also suggest that particle size influences the granule strength to a lesser extent than does binder concentration and its consistency. PMID- 3236234 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of ranitidine and related substances in raw materials and tablets. AB - High-performance liquid chromatographic methods have been developed for the determination of ranitidine and related compounds in drug raw material and tablets. The method has been shown to resolve at least nine related compounds from the drug. The sensitivity of the method to related compounds is better than 0.01%. Eight raw material samples and 11 tablet samples were examined for related compounds. Total impurities found ranged from 0.31 to 0.79% in raw materials and from 0.40 to 1.75% in tablets. Drug raw materials and tablets were assayed by HPLC; results for raw materials were between 98.2 and 101.1%, and those for tablets were between 96.1 and 102.2%, with a relative standard deviation for the assay of less than 1%. Raw material assay results were confirmed by nonaqueous titration. PMID- 3236233 TI - Effect of binders on sulfamethoxazole tablets. AB - Five batches of sulfamethoxazole tablets were prepared using different binders [starch, acacia, ethyl cellulose sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and povidone (1 vinyl-2-pyrolidinone polymer, PVP)] with water in 3% (dry basis) concentration. Comparative data show that granules prepared with PVP have the best flow properties and minimum angle of repose, percentage fines, and compressibility, while granules of sodium carboxymethylcellulose could not be compressed into well defined tablets. Tablets containing starch as a binder possess all the quality features. Tablets from acacia, however, give a poor dissolution profile. Ethyl cellulose has less effective granule formation, leading to poor quality tablets. Rank correlation with respect to solubility and absorption characteristics according to granulating agent in the formation is: starch greater than ethyl cellulose greater than PVP greater than acacia. PMID- 3236235 TI - Solubility and polarity parameters of polyoxyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers. AB - Solubility parameters were estimated for model individual polyoxyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers and correlated with polarity parameters determined by gas chromatography. The effects of the length of the polyoxyethylene chain and of the terminal alkyl groups on the values of the parameters investigated and on the obtained relationships are discussed. It was found that polarity parameters can be estimated from the total solubility parameter with relatively low errors (approximately 1% for the retention index of ethanol and methanol and for the polarity index of ethanol). The polarity index of methanol and the relative retention of alcohols can be estimated with errors of approximately 3-4%. Using the total solubility parameter, polyoxyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers can be arranged in the same order of increasing polarity as in the case of polarity parameters determined by gas chromatography. PMID- 3236236 TI - Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in animal feeds using high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection. AB - Liquid chromatography with refractive index (RI) detection has been found to be very useful for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds in animal feeds. The RI detection can be especially valuable for the determination of compounds that have low ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorptions or absorb only at low UV wavelengths. The effect of the extraction solvent polarity, pH, and ion pairing reagents on feed extractables, as observed by RI and UV detection, has been studied. The RI detection typically shows less interference from the feed matrix than UV detection, particularly with polar extracting solvents. Changes in the extracting solvent pH do not significantly affect the response of feed extractables to RI or UV detection. With RI detection, analytes have been determined in feed at levels of 200 ppm with little or no cleanup. PMID- 3236237 TI - Isomerization of cephalosporin esters: implications for the prodrug ester approach to enhancing the oral bioavailabilities of cephalosporins. PMID- 3236238 TI - Commentary on "Activated carbon as a biological model". PMID- 3236239 TI - Changes in spontaneous firing patterns of rat hippocampal neurones induced by volatile anaesthetics. AB - 1. The effects of the volatile anaesthetics, halothane, isoflurane and enflurane, on rat hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurones in in vitro preparations were studied by intracellular recording methods. 2. The three anaesthetics, at concentrations similar to those used clinically (0.2-1.2 mM), initially increased and then subsequently decreased the spontaneous firing of CA1 neurones without affecting the resting membrane properties or the EPSPs evoked by focal stimuli. 3. The anaesthetics at these concentrations depressed both the fast after hyperpolarization of the soma spike and the post-tetanic hyperpolarization induced by repetitive stimulation. They also decreased the IPSPs evoked by focal stimuli. 4. The threshold for spike generation was gradually elevated by as much as 4-6 mV during application of the anaesthetics at these concentrations. The subthreshold potential oscillations (which are likely to be associated with periodic alterations in non-inactivating Ca2+ and Na+ currents) were enhanced in the low concentrations (0.2-0.5 mM), but were depressed in the high concentrations (0.8-1.2 mM). 5. The results suggest that the transient increase in the firing frequency was caused by a depression of both the spike after hyperpolarization and the post-tetanic hyperpolarization, and that the reduction of spontaneous firing was mainly due to an elevated threshold for spike generation. 6. The three anaesthetics altered the pattern of spontaneous spike firing in CA3 neurones from solitary spiking to burst firing without affecting the resting membrane properties. 7. The effects of the anaesthetics on the active membrane properties and the postsynaptic potentials in CA3 neurones were similar to the effects in CA1 neurones. 8. In the majority of CA3 neurones, soma spikes elicited by depolarizing current pulses were followed by a Ca2+-dependent after depolarization, which was in turn followed by a prolonged after-hyperpolarization (post-burst hyperpolarization). The anaesthetics facilitated the after depolarizing potential, while they depressed the post-burst hyperpolarization. Combination of the two effects would give rise to the highly stereotyped burst (about 1 Hz in frequency) in the presence of the volatile anaesthetics. PMID- 3236240 TI - Regional gradient of pacemaker activity in the early embryonic chick heart monitored by multisite optical recording. AB - 1. Regional gradient of pacemaker activity in the early embryonic precontractile chick heart was quantitatively assessed by means of simultaneous multiple-site optical recordings of changes in membrane potential, using a measuring system with a 10 X 10-element photodiode array which had a spatial resolution of 30 microns. 2. Absorption changes related to spontaneous electrical activity were recorded simultaneously from many contiguous regions in the area in which the pacemaker site was located in seven- to nine-somite embryonic hearts stained with a voltage-sensitive merocyanine-rhodanine dye (NK 2761). 3. The absorption changes related to slow diastolic depolarization were detected, and they were concentrated in and near the pacemaking area. The area in which the absorption changes related to slow diastolic depolarization were detected increased in size as development proceeded. 4. The slope of the absorption change related to diastolic depolarization was measured as an indicator of the pacemaker activity. It was largest in the pacemaking area, and gradually decreased towards the periphery. 5. The maximum slope of the optical change related to slow diastolic depolarization also increased as development proceeded and was related to early development of the heart rate. Thus, these results suggest that formation of a regional gradient of pacemaker activity results in the functional architecture of the pacemaking area in the early phases of cardiogenesis. PMID- 3236241 TI - Electrophysiological alternans and restitution during acute regional ischaemia in myocardium of anaesthetized pig. AB - 1. Alternate long and short action potential durations, or electrical alternans, has only been sporadically observed in ischaemic myocardium in situ. We systematically studied alternans in the latter to characterize the phenomenon, relate it to ventricular arrhythmia and suggest possible mechanisms. 2. Sixteen Landrace pigs were anaesthetized (Azaperone, N2O and O2), ventilated and the hearts exposed. A branch of the left coronary artery was ligated. Left intraventricular and systemic pressures were monitored. Monophasic action potentials were recorded simultaneously with up to five suction electrodes in and around the proposed ischaemia area. 3. A computer measured the duration of every action potential, at several phases of repolarization, throughout the first hour of ischaemia. This allowed the systematic study of the alternans. Measurements during defined stimulus protocols were also made for the construction of electrical restitution curves. 4. Alternans was found in all recordings within the ischaemic area and in two-thirds of those in the 'border' area. There was no alternans in non-ischaemic areas. 5. The alternans, when action potential duration was plotted for every beat, appeared as an oscillation which was pleomorphic. It could be: (a) stable for hundreds of beats; (b) switched or triggered (by one extraneous beat having a different cycle length) between one stable state with high and one with low or absent alternans; (c) damped; (d) undamped to take a crescendo form, sometimes preceding ventricular fibrillation. 6. The alternans in general showed an ill-defined peak incidence between about 200 to 1500 beats after the onset of ischaemia, and a clearer late peak at about 3000 beats. These periods occurred at about 2-7 min and 15-40 min, corresponding to so-called phase 1A and 1B arrhythmia respectively. Only the late peak was seen with triggered alternans. 7. The electrical restitution curve for the action potential duration during ischaemia when compared with curves, constructed with data from non-ischaemic myocardium, showed a progressive depression in plateau, a reduction in magnitude and was flattened at 1 h. However, there was a reversal or reduction in decline at about 15-45 min. 8. We propose that electrical alternans is a distinctive electrophysiological characteristic of ischaemic myocardium which may be causally related to ventricular arrhythmia and fibrillation, and that at least two mechanisms contribute to the alternans: (i) electrical restitution of the action potential and (ii) changes in intracellular calcium cycling. PMID- 3236242 TI - Reflex tracheal contraction during pulmonary venous congestion in the dog. AB - 1. The effect of pulmonary venous congestion on tracheal tone was studied in dogs anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Pulmonary venous congestion was produced by partial obstruction of the mitral valve to increase left atrial pressure by 10 mmHg. Tracheal tone was measured in vivo by an isometric force displacement method. 2. Tracheal tone increased by 6.3 +/- 0.3 g from a control level of 91.6 +/- 2.8 g when left atrial pressure was increased by 10.5 +/- 0.3 mmHg. This response was abolished by cooling the cervical vagi to 8 degrees C at a point caudal to the origin of the superior laryngeal nerves. Also, sectioning the superior laryngeal nerves abolished this increase in tracheal tone. 3. Afferent activity recorded from rapidly adapting receptors of the airways increased significantly during pulmonary venous congestion. This increase in activity was abolished by cooling the vagi caudal to the recording site to 8-9 degrees C. 4. Administration of propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) failed to abolish this increase in tracheal tone while atropine (3 mg/kg) did so. 5. Stimulation of left atrial receptors without an increase in left atrial pressure and stimulation of right atrial receptors with and without increases in right atrial pressure did not cause any change in tracheal tone. 6. It is suggested that pulmonary venous congestion is associated with a reflex increase in tracheal tone, the afferent limb of which is formed by pulmonary receptors discharging into myelinated fibres in the cervical vagi and the efferent limb by parasympathetic cholinergic fibres in the superior laryngeal nerves. The afferent receptors are likely to be the rapidly adapting receptors. This reflex may be of importance in the development of the respiratory symptoms associated with left ventricular failure. PMID- 3236243 TI - The potassium conductance of the resting squid axon and its blockage by clinical concentrations of general anaesthetics. AB - 1. The effects of some neutral clinical and experimental general anaesthetics on the resting potential of normal squid axons and squid axons exposed to tetrodotoxin and 3,4-diaminopyridine have been studied. 2. Depolarizations of 1-4 mV were produced by all the anaesthetics at 'clinical' concentrations in the normal axon. Larger depolarizations (5-11 mV) were produced by the same anaesthetic concentrations in axons exposed to tetrodotoxin and 3,4 diaminopyridine. 3. The conductance of axons exposed to tetrodotoxin and either tetraethyl-ammonium or 3,4-diaminopyridine in zero Na+, 430 mM-K+ artificial sea water was examined by voltage clamp and AC bridge techniques. 4. The evidence that this conductance is due predominantly to K+ is discussed. 5. Pre-pulse protocols under voltage clamp have been used to show that part of this conductance arises from the incompletely blocked delayed rectifier. 6. Substantial reductions in this conductance are produced by anaesthetics at 'clinical' concentrations. 7. It is concluded that there is a component of the K+ conductance of the resting squid axon other than the Hodgkin-Huxley delayed rectifier which is extremely sensitive to anaesthetics and which to an appreciable extent determines the resting potential. PMID- 3236244 TI - Excitation of the squid giant axon by general anaesthetics. AB - 1. The effects of 'clinical' concentrations of some general anaesthetics on the minimum stimulus required to produce an action potential in the squid giant axon have been examined as a function of time from exposure to the anaesthetic. The resting potential in these experiments was also monitored. 2. The minimum stimulus varied with time in different ways for different anaesthetics. For chloroform, diethyl ether, n-pentanol, halothane and cyclopropane the stimulus initially declined, reached a minimum after about 3 min and then recovered to near-normal values at 10-15 min. For n-pentane, cyclopentane and, to a lesser extent methoxyflurane, the stimulus often declined to such low values that the axon exhibited spontaneous action potentials which persisted until the anaesthetic was removed. For one substance, the experimental local anaesthetic diheptanoyl phosphatidylcholine, the stimulus increased considerably over the 10 15 min required to reach the steady state. In all instances the axons reverted to normal behaviour after removal of the anaesthetic although the time course by which they did so was more variable than for the initial exposure. 3. For all anaesthetics the resting potential changed in the positive direction monotonically by ca. 1-5 mV and reached a steady state in approximately 3 min. On removal of the anaesthetic the resting potential returned to normal, also monotonically. 4. The voltage-gated Na+ and K+ currents were significantly affected even at the low anaesthetic concentrations used. Estimates of the changes in the Hodgkin-Huxley parameters were obtained partly by direct experiment and partly from results previously obtained for higher anaesthetic concentrations. 5. The time dependencies of the minimum stimuli have been accounted for semi-quantitatively in terms of the resting potential changes and the voltage shifts in the Na+ current steady-state activation, and the time dependencies respectively of these two parameters. 6. Quantitative calculations of the resting potential changes for comparison with experiment have been made based on the changes in K+ conductance determined in the preceding paper (Haydon, Requena & Simon, 1988) and changes in the Hodgkin-Huxley parameters of the Na+ and delayed-rectifier K+ currents. 7. Calculations of the minimum stimulus in the steady state have been made from the experimental resting potential changes and from the anaesthetic-affected Hodgkin-Huxley parameters. Good agreement with the experimental stimuli was found, especially in the prediction of high and low values. PMID- 3236245 TI - Lung C-fibre receptor activation and defensive reflexes in anaesthetized cats. AB - 1. With pentobarbitone-anaesthetized cats we have elicited cough reflexes from the tracheobronchial tree and the larynx, and the aspiration and sneeze reflexes from the nasopharynx and the nose respectively. The reflexes were induced by mechanical stimulation of the mucosa, before and during activation of pulmonary C fibre receptors by intravenous injections of capsaicin or phenylbiguanide. 2. During the 20-30 s apnoea due to C-fibre stimulation, the cough reflex from both sites and the sneeze reflex were completely abolished, whereas the aspiration reflex response was approximately halved. Reflex contractions of genioglossus muscle still occurred at this time, but were far weaker than in the control state. 3. During the rapid shallow breathing that immediately followed apnoea due to C-fibre receptor stimulation, the defensive reflexes recovered: the aspiration and sneeze reflexes fully and the cough reflexes to about half of the control response. 4. Acute hypotension due to haemorrhage, of a size considerably greater than that due to stimulation of the pulmonary C-fibre receptors, caused no significant inhibition of the cough reflex from the tracheobronchial tree. 5. We conclude that the pulmonary C-fibre reflex powerfully inhibits airway defensive reflexes, and that its activation is unlikely to contribute positively to coughing induced by aerosols of capsaicin and similar agents. PMID- 3236246 TI - A thermal surface phenomenon in the rabbit lung: possible basis for the conversion of heat into work. AB - 1. Surfactant and fluid expressed from rabbit lungs has been used to form films on a simple Maxwell frame having a ratio of area-to-thermal capacity comparable to that existing in vivo. 2. When the area was increased by 2:1, the temperature fell by 5.6 degrees C and returned to 37 degrees C upon contraction as recorded by an infra-red thermometer with no thermal capacity. 3. The experiment was repeated upon thin lung sections when the temperature fall was 2.4 degrees C and was again reversed upon contraction. 4. When surfactant was removed from the surface of those sections, the temperature changed in the opposite direction, indicating that surfactant was responsible for the changes described above. 5. This surface energy phenomenon is discussed in relation to the common assumption that the lung operates under isothermal conditions when it may explain some of the discrepancies between studies of lung mechanics over different time scales. 6. Since the results are compatible with the inversion of hysteresis loops for surface tension versus the area of surfactant monolayers cycled to steady state in previous studies, it is speculated that heat, e.g. waste metabolic heat, might be the energy source for this surface 'engine' if, indeed, it is contributing to the work available for breathing. PMID- 3236247 TI - The control of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow in chronically volume-expanded rats. AB - 1. Chronic volume expansion by dietary salt loading practically abolishes tubuloglomerular feed-back (TGF) by means of a humoral inhibitor in tubular fluid. Elimination of the vasoconstrictor influence of feed-back does not, however, increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF), implying that chronic salt loading induces additional preglomerular vasoconstriction. This being so, the feed-back response which, although absent in free-flowing nephrons, can still be elicited by loop of Henle perfusion with Ringer solution, should be essentially normal, except that nephron GFR at any loop perfusion rate should be lower than in controls. Persistence of RBF, GFR and nephron GFR autoregulation would imply that autoregulation is achieved by a preglomerular resistance control system independent of feed-back. 2. These hypotheses were tested by clearance and micropuncture experiments in rats chronically fed a diet containing 40 g NaCl (kg food)-1. 3. RBF and GFR autoregulation indeed persisted, the former down to 90 mmHg compared with 105 mmHg in controls. In controls, nephron GFR measured distally was autoregulated down to 90 mmHg whereas that measured proximally was autoregulated only above 105 mmHg. In high-salt rats nephron GFR from both sites was autoregulated to 90 mmHg. 4. Loop of Henle perfusion with homologous tubular fluid in high-salt rats confirmed attenuation of feed-back. Loop perfusion with Ringer solution yielded a response comparable to that in controls (maximal reduction of nephron GFR to 57%, compared with 56% in controls). Absolute nephron GFR at any loop perfusion rate was lower in high-salt rats than in controls. 5. These observations confirm the initial hypotheses. Considering feed-back and autoregulation as independent, preglomerular resistance control mechanisms, together with elementary haemodynamic considerations, allows formulation of a renal haemodynamics model whose quantitative predictions regarding characteristics of RBF, GFR and feed back control are remarkably consistent with the literature. PMID- 3236248 TI - Transport of L-phenylalanine and related amino acids at the ovine blood-brain barrier. AB - 1. Unidirectional influx of amino acids at the blood-brain barrier was studied in the lamb and sheep under barbiturate anaesthesia using the single-pass indicator dilution technique. 2. In the lamb, influx of both L-phenylalanine (14 +/- 1 nmol g-1 min-1) and L-alanine (12 +/- 2 nmol g-1 min-1) was greater than in the sheep: L-phenylalanine influx, 9 +/- 1 nmol g-1 min-1; L-alanine influx, 5 +/- 1 nmol g 1 min-1 (P less than 0.01). This difference reflected higher blood concentrations of these amino acids in the younger animal. 3. The kinetic parameters of transport for L-phenylalanine were determined in the lamb and sheep from measurements of influx over a range of blood concentrations. The concentration dependence of L-phenylalanine influx was best described by a model with a saturable and non-saturable component. Maximum influx (Jmax) was higher and apparent transport constant (km, app) lower in the lamb. Values obtained (mean +/ S.E.M.) were: lamb, Jmax, 138 +/- 6 nmol g-1 min; km, app, 0.85 +/- 0.10 mmol l 1; sheep, Jmax, 107 +/- 7 nmol g-1 min-1; km, app, 2.25 +/- 0.25 mmol l-1. 4. L Phenylalanine inhibited influx of L-leucine, L-tyrosine, L-valine and L-glutamine but not L-arginine and L-lysine. Its influx was inhibited by L-histidine, L valine and L-leucine, but not by L-glutamine or L-alanine. In the lamb, L phenylalanine inhibited L-histidine influx with an apparent inhibitor constant (kh) of 139 mumol l-1, and a maximum inhibition of 92%. In the sheep, L phenylalanine inhibited L-methionine influx with an apparent kh of 33 mumol l-1 and a maximum inhibition of 82%. 5. Fractional extraction of phenylalanine and alanine was stereospecific with preference for the L-enantiomer. In the lamb, fractional extraction values (mean +/- S.E.M.) were: L-phenylalanine, 0.58 +/- 0.03; D-phenylalanine, 0.20 +/- 0.02; L-alanine, 0.16 +/- 0.03; D-alanine, 0.05 +/- 0.02. Self-inhibition of extraction was evident for L-phenylalanine and L alanine in both lamb and sheep. PMID- 3236249 TI - Phosphorous compounds studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the taenia of guinea-pig caecum. AB - 1. In the isolated taenia (0.4-0.6 g) of guinea-pig caecum, the intracellular phosphorous compounds and pH were investigated using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) under various metabolic conditions. 2. The ratios of the intracellular concentration of phosphocreatine ([ PCr]) and inorganic phosphate [( Pi]) to nucleotide triphosphate ([ NTP]) were 1.71 +/- 0.14 and 0.58 +/- 0.11 (n = 25), respectively, in normal solution (32 degrees C). The intracellular pH estimated from the chemical shift of Pi was 7.05 +/- 0.06 (n = 25), agreeing well with those previously obtained. 3. In the absence of glucose, the [PCr] and [NTP] were decreased to almost a half after 150 min exposure to 40 mM-K+ solution, while [Pi] was increased 3-fold. These changes were much faster than the rate of decline in tension. When glucose was readmitted, the contractile response to K+ fully recovered in 50 min. However, this was accompanied with only a partial recovery of [PCr] and [Pi], but no recovery of [NTP]. The intracellular pH was lowered by about 0.2 of a unit, suggesting an increase in glycolysis. 4. In Ca2+ free solution, respiratory inhibition with hypoxia or CN (1 mM) only decreased [PCr], leaving [NTP] nearly unchanged. On the other hand, respiratory inhibition in excess-K+ solution containing Ca2+ (2.4 mM) severely depleted PCr and decreased [NTP] to 40%. Increasing glucose to 50 mM did not prevent these changes, although it increased tension development. 5. The simultaneous decrease of [NTP] and [PCr] during K+ contracture suggests that the activity of creatine phosphokinase is low. The recovery from respiratory inhibition was much better for [PCr] than for [NTP]. Slow, but perfect, recovery of all NTP peaks was produced by adding 1 mM-adenosine to normal solution. 6. It was suggested that tension development is closely related to the turnover rate of ATP, and not to its concentration, and that deamination of adenosine is a limiting factor in the recovery of ATP after excessive consumption. PMID- 3236250 TI - Brain fluid calcium concentration and response to acute hypercalcaemia during development in the rat. AB - 1. In vivo measurements of plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain interstitial fluid (ISF) ionic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]) have been made in anaesthetized rats aged between 19 days gestation and adult using calcium selective microelectrodes. Total calcium concentration ([ Ca]) has also been determined in plasma and CSF samples by atomic absorption spectrometry. 2. Under control conditions, plasma, CSF and ISF [Ca2+] showed a small, but significant, decrease with age. Plasma and CSF, but not ISF, showed a transient hypocalcaemia at birth. After birth there were no significant differences between plasma, CSF and ISF [Ca2+], except in adult rats where CSF [Ca2+] was significantly lower than plasma [Ca2+]. The age-related changes in CSF and ISF [Ca2+] were small and it is uncertain as to whether they may have any functional significance. 3. Under control conditions, plasma and CSF [Ca] also declined with age. The fall in plasma [Ca] paralleled the changes in plasma [Ca2+]. The decrease in CSF [Ca] was steeper than that in [Ca2+] and indicated a higher proportion of protein-bound or complexed calcium in the CSF of young when compared to old rats. 4. Acute plasma hypercalcaemia was induced by intramuscular injections of calcium gluconate and consequent changes in CSF or ISF [Ca2+] were monitored in vivo. There was very weak regulation of CSF and ISF [Ca2+] at 21 days gestation, which may reflect placental control over fetal plasma calcium. Soon after birth there was good regulation in both ISF and CSF [Ca2+]. CSF [Ca] was also measured during hypercalcaemia in samples from post-natal rats and there was similar regulation to that in CSF [Ca2+]. 5. It is concluded that under control conditions, during rat development, CSF and ISF [Ca2+] closely follow changes in plasma [Ca2+], but that soon after birth homeostatic mechanisms develop to prevent large fluctuations in brain fluid calcium. PMID- 3236251 TI - Slow-to-fast transformation of denervated soleus muscles by chronic high frequency stimulation in the rat. AB - 1. Adult soleus muscles were denervated and stimulated directly for 2-130 days with 'fast' (short pulse trains at 100 Hz) or 'slow' (continuously at 10 Hz, or long pulse trains at 15 Hz) stimulus patterns. 2. At the end of the period of stimulation isometric twitches and tetani and isotonic shortening velocities were measured. Frozen cross-sections were later examined with antibodies against myosin heavy chains specific for adult fast, adult slow and fetal myosin. 3. Isometric twitch duration (twitch time-to-peak and half-relaxation time) decreased during intermittent 100 Hz stimulation to values that were almost as fast as in the normal extensor digitorum longus (EDL) (95 and 94% transformation). The major part of the decrease occurred between 2 and 21 days after the onset of stimulation, and was accompanied by post-tetanic potentiation of the twitch, 'sag' in tension during an unfused tetanus, lower twitch/tetanus ratio and marked shifts to the right (higher frequencies) of the tension frequency curve of the muscle. In contrast, during 10 or 15 Hz stimulation the isometric twitch duration remained slow, the twitch continued to show post tetanic depression and absence of 'sag', while the twitch/tetanus ratio increased. 4. Denervation per se led to a slight increase and, then, after about a month, to a moderate and gradual decrease in twitch duration. The twitch/tetanus ratio increased markedly and post-tetanic depression became less pronounced or disappeared. Muscle weight and particularly tetanic tension were markedly reduced and these reductions were to a large extent counteracted by electrical stimulation. 5. Implantation of sham electrodes had no effect on twitch duration of denervated or innervated control muscles, but reduced tetanic tension in the innervated control muscles. 6. Maximum isotonic shortening velocity of the whole muscle (mm/s) increased during intermittent 100 Hz stimulation to a value as fast as in the normal EDL (110% transformation). Since the muscle fibres also increased in length (35%) maximum intrinsic shortening velocity (fibre lengths/s) was only incompletely transformed (55%). The increase in Vmax occurred between 7 and 14 days after the onset of stimulation. 7. All the fibres stimulated intermittently at 100 Hz were strongly labelled with anti-fast myosin and more than 90% were in addition weakly labelled by anti-slow myosin. Weak and variable labelling with anti-fast myosin was first detected 7 days after the onset of stimulation. In contrast, essentially all the fibres stimulated at 10 or 15 Hz showed no binding of anti-fast but strong binding of anti-slow myosin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236252 TI - Electrical stimulation resembling normal motor-unit activity: effects on denervated fast and slow rat muscles. AB - 1. The slow-twitch soleus muscle and the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) were denervated and stimulated directly with implanted electrodes for 33-82 days. Four different stimulation patterns were used in order to mimic important characteristics of the natural motor-unit activity in these muscles. In addition, to compare the effects of direct stimulation to other experimental models, some EDLs were stimulated through the nerve or cross-innervated by soleus axons. 2. After 33-82 days of stimulation the contractile properties were measured under isometric and isotonic conditions. 3. 'Native' stimulation patterns could maintain normal contractile speed in both EDL and soleus. In the EDL, normal isotonic shortening velocity was maintained only by a stimulation pattern consisting of very brief trains with an initial short interspike interval (doublet), and not by the other 'native' high-frequency patterns. 4. The contractile properties of both EDL and soleus muscles receiving a 'foreign' stimulation pattern were transformed in the direction of the muscle normally receiving that type of activity. The transformations were not complete, and soleus and EDL muscles stimulated with the same stimulation pattern remained different. This suggests that adult muscle fibres in rat EDL and soleus are irreversibly differentiated into different fibre types earlier in development. 5. The three high-frequency stimulation patterns used differed in their ability to change or maintain various contractile properties in the soleus and the EDL. The results indicate that the following qualities of a stimulation pattern might be of importance for the control of contractile properties: instantaneous frequency, total amount of stimulation, train length, interval between trains and presence of an initial doublet. 6. With the exception of the EDL shortening velocity, changes in contractile speed induced by a 'foreign' stimulation pattern were quantitatively similar to the effects of cross-innervation both in the EDL and the soleus. We thus suggest that the change in activity pattern is the mechanism behind most of the changes induced by cross-innervation. PMID- 3236253 TI - Caffeine contracture in guinea-pig ventricular muscle and the effect of extracellular sodium ions. AB - 1. The mechanisms underlying the virtual absence of caffeine contracture in guinea-pig heart in a Na+-rich external solution were reinvestigated in small (50 120 microns thick) bundles of intact and skinned papillary muscle fibres. 2. In Na+-free solution, the peak tension of 30 mM-caffeine contracture corresponded to the maximum tension of the skinned fibres, and was independent of changes in [Ca2+]o and [K+]o. In the presence of external Na+, the peak tension, which was at most several per cent of the maximum, was affected by [Ca2+]o, [Na+]o and [K+]o, and enhanced by Mn2+ and Ni2+. 3. In the absence of Ca2+, replacement of Na+ with K+ allowed caffeine to evoke a large contracture, showing that there was sufficient calcium stored in the cells under Na+-rich conditions. After treatment with 30 mM-caffeine in the Na+-rich, Ca2+-free solution, and upon replacement of all Na+ with Li+, caffeine was still able to produce a large contracture, which was dependent upon Ca2+ pre-loading of the cells before the first caffeine treatment and upon the subsequent duration in the Na+-free solution. 4. Replacement of Li+ with Na+ during the contracture led to rapid relaxation which was delayed by an increase in [Ca2+]o, depolarization by K+, and addition of La3+ and Mn2+. After Na+-induced complete relaxation in the absence of Ca2+, upon removal of the drugs and Na+, subsequent application of caffeine to the cells evoked a large contracture without Ca2+ reloading. 5. In the skinned fibres, 30 mM-caffeine increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile system and depressed the maximum tension. An increase in Na+ from 8.4 to 58.4 mM altered neither Ca2+ sensitivity nor the rate of tension development in the absence or presence of caffeine. 6. Increase in Na+ affected neither the rate nor the amount of Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the absence or presence of caffeine. Increasing Na+ slightly inhibited the caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from the SR, but more than 10 mM-caffeine produced SR Ca2+ depletion. 7. In the presence of a strong Ca2+ buffer, the steady level of Ca2+ uptake by the SR with 1 mM-caffeine was equal to the amount of Ca2+ remaining in the SR just after the application of caffeine, indicating that Ca2+ release was not inactivated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236254 TI - Effects of electric fields on transmembrane potential and excitability of turtle cerebellar Purkinje cells in vitro. AB - 1. Transmembrane potential (TMP) responses of Purkinje cells (PCs) in isolated turtle cerebellum to externally applied quasi-steady-state electric fields aligned with the dendritic axis were continuously measured using simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recording. TMP was obtained by subtraction of extracellular voltage fields from intracellular potential recorded at the same depth in the cerebellum. 2. The applied field changed the TMP with the polarity and amplitude dependent on the location on the PC membrane. This response at a given location increased linearly with external field up to a threshold level, beyond which active responses appeared. 3. The basic effect on TMP consisted of depolarization in the half of the dendrite towards which the fields were directed, and hyperpolarization in the other half. A pooled TMP depth-profile shows a steady increase in polarization from the middle of the molecular layer towards each end. This profile correlates with that predicted from previously proposed cable models, giving them empirical support for the first time. 4. Active responses were triggered by the field-induced depolarization. Tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive action potentials arose with the primary depolarization in the somatic region. Notched, Ca2+-dependent action potentials arose with primary depolarization in the distal and mid-dendritic regions. 5. A TTX-sensitive voltage plateau was triggered by TMP-depolarization in the proximal region. It in turn activated Na+-spike trains. The frequency of spiking was proportional to the external field. At around 160 spikes/s, the Na+ spikes inactivated, and the TMP level rose to a more depolarized plateau. This latter plateau was also TTX sensitive. 6. During depolarization of the distal dendritic region, sometimes a Ca2+-dependent plateau was observed. It appears to be associated with a small conductance increase. 7. Field-induced hyperpolarization suppressed local spiking and voltage plateaux, but remote Ca2+ spikes with reduced amplitude appeared in recordings from the proximal region. Similarly, in the distal region, low amplitude, remote Na+ spikes and a Na+ plateau were observed superimposed on the hyperpolarizing baseline. The Na+ plateau apparently did not contribute to shunting of membrane currents in the distal dendrite. 8. The phase characteristics of the action potentials correlate with the modulation pattern noted in our extracellular study (Chan & Nicholson, 1986). Thus, the extracellular units ("giant spikes") were probably Na+ spikes activated in the soma and spread distally. Occasionally Ca2+ spikes, with a higher threshold, might also be activated to give dual-phase response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3236255 TI - Binocular summation in humans: evidence for a hierarchic model. AB - 1. Binocular summation was studied in human subjects using a batter of vision tests. Two tests assessed detection, another three acuity, one hyperacuity and one pattern recognition. 2. The magnitude of summation was consistent with, or exceeded, the level predicted from quadratic summation for both detection tests. 3. The summation factor was significantly smaller in the resolution tests than in the detection tests. Hyperacuity showed a large individual variation. 4. Spatial filtering of acuity targets did not influence summation. 5. No summation was found in the pattern recognition test. 6. It is argued that the degree of summation is related to the complexity of the visual task. A simple task yields a larger binocular summation than a more complex one. This may be related to the level of processing in the primary visual cortex. PMID- 3236256 TI - Kinetic states and modes of single large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in cultured rat skeletal muscle. AB - 1. Kinetic states and modes of a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel in excised patches of membrane from cultured rat skeletal muscle were studied with the patch clamp technique. Up to 10(6) open and shut intervals were analysed from each of seven different excised membrane patches containing a single channel. 2. Plots of the mean durations of consecutive groups of ten to fifty open and shut intervals were made to assess kinetic stability of the channel. Occasional abrupt decreases in the mean open interval duration from normal to different distinct levels, which were maintained for hundreds to thousands of consecutive intervals, indicated entry of the channel into different modes. 3. Four different kinetic modes were identified: normal mode, which included 96% of the intervals; intermediate open mode with 3.2% of the intervals; brief open mode with 0.5% of the intervals; and buzz mode with 0.1% of the intervals. The mean open interval durations were 61% of normal during the intermediate open mode, 12% of normal during the brief open mode, and 2.6% of normal during the buzz mode. 4. Most mode transitions were observed from the normal mode to one of the other modes and then back to normal. Sojourns in the normal mode lasted 5-1000 s. Sojourns in the intermediate open, brief open, and buzz modes lasted 1.5-150, 1-7, and 0.01-1 s, respectively. 5. During normal activity the distributions of interval durations were typically described by the sum of three to four exponential components for the open intervals and six to eight exponential components for the shut intervals, and this was the case for data obtained over a wide range of open channel probability resulting from different Ca2+i. These observations suggest that the channel can enter at least three to four open and six to eight shut states during normal activity. 6. The numbers of detected states for data sets of different sample sizes drawn from normal activity agreed with theoretical predictions, and were essentially independent of the segment of normal activity from which the data sets were drawn. These observations are consistent with relative stability of channel kinetics during normal activity. Detection of each additional open or shut state after the first was found to require a 3- to 10 fold increase in the number of analysed events. 7. The intermediate open mode differed from the normal mode in that the longest open component of the four normal open components was absent. PMID- 3236258 TI - Rehabilitation R&D Progress Reports 1987. PMID- 3236257 TI - Influence of endogenous opiates and cardiac afferents on renal nerve activity during haemorrhage in conscious rabbits. AB - 1. We investigated the effects of the opiate antagonist naloxone on changes in renal nerve activity and the renal sympathetic baroreflex during haemorrhage and whether they could be mimicked by blocking afferent input from cardiac receptors. 2. Renal nerve activity, arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded in conscious rabbits during blood loss of either 18 or 34-40% of the blood volume. The renal sympathetic baroreflex was elicited by perivascular balloon-induced changes in arterial pressure, before and at the end of haemorrhage. The experiment was repeated during intravenous naloxone infusion (4 mg kg-1, then 0.12 mg kg-1 min-1), and after blocking afferent input from cardiac receptors (5% intra-pericardial procaine). 3. Moderate haemorrhage elicited a rise in renal nerve activity and modest inhibition of the range of the renal sympathetic baroreflex. Severe haemorrhage triggered an abrupt fall in nerve activity and arterial pressure which was accompanied by strong inhibition of the baroreflex range and other curve parameters. There were minimal changes in the baroreceptor heart rate reflex. 4. Intravenous naloxone and pericardial procaine prevented the falls in renal nerve activity and pressure triggered by severe blood loss but did not affect the increase in activity elicited by moderate haemorrhage. Both drugs produced similar enhancement of the normovolaemic renal sympathetic baroreflex. Naloxone prevented the baroreflex inhibition elicited by both levels of haemorrhage while pericardial procaine prevented most (but not all) of the baroreflex inhibition seen during severe haemorrhage without affecting that found during moderate haemorrhage. 5. We conclude that cardiac receptors (probably ventricular baroreceptors) but not arterial baroreceptors have an opiate synapse on their reflex pathways to the renal nerve. A major part of the action of naloxone during haemorrhage can be explained by blockade of this type of synapse on baroreflex pathways to renal and probably other sympathetic vasoconstrictors. The presence of procaine-resistant but naloxone-sensitive effects during haemorrhage suggests a role for extra-cardiac baroreceptors with opioid central nervous connections. PMID- 3236259 TI - A lateral line analogue in cephalopods: water waves generate microphonic potentials in the epidermal head lines of Sepia and Lolliguncula. AB - Many cephalopods have lines of ciliated cells on their head and arms. In the cuttlefish Sepia and the squid Lolliguncula, electrophysiological recordings clearly identify these epidermal lines as an invertebrate analogue to the mechanoreceptive lateral lines of fish and aquatic amphibians and thus as another example of convergent evolution between a sophisticated cephalopod and vertebrate sensory system. Stimulation of the epidermal lines with local water displacements, generated by a vibrating sphere, causes receptor potentials that have many features known from lateral line microphonic potentials. The minimal threshold of the head lines is 0.2 micron peak-to-peak water displacement (calculated at the skin surface) at 75-100 Hz. PMID- 3236260 TI - Evolutionary adaptation of a reflex system: sensory hysteresis counters muscle 'catch' tension. AB - The metathoracic femoral chordotonal organ is a receptor of the locust, Schistocerca, hindleg that encodes the angle of the femoro-tibial joint. However, the discharge of the organ shows considerable hysteresis, in that there is a substantial decline in the level of afferent firing when the tibia is moved and then returned to its initial position. Similar hysteresis is also seen in some joint receptors and interneurons of other invertebrates and vertebrates. When the chordotonal organ is stimulated in freely moving locusts, mimicking sudden changes in joint angle, reflex discharges can be elicited in the tibial extensor muscle that resist apparent joint movement and also show similar hysteresis. This pattern of motoneuron activity is demonstrated to potentially function to eliminate residual, 'catch' muscle tensions that result from increases in motoneuron firing frequency. This adaptation could also serve to produce accurate load compensation. PMID- 3236261 TI - A comparison of the discriminatory ability and sensitivity of the trigeminal and olfactory systems to chemical stimuli in the tiger salamander. AB - Trigeminal receptors can respond to a wide variety of chemical stimuli, but it is unknown whether these receptors mediate discrimination between chemical stimuli matched for equal perceptual intensity. The present electrophysiological and behavioral experiments address this issue using tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum, and four compounds (amyl acetate, cyclohexanone, butanol, and d limonene). In addition, the relative sensitivities of the trigeminal and olfactory systems to these compounds are compared. In electrophysiological cross adaptation experiments (amyl acetate vs cyclohexanone; butanol vs d-limonene), there was complete cross adaptation such that only concentrations above the background (cross-adapting) stimulus concentration elicited responses, suggesting that chemical stimuli may stimulate trigeminal receptors nonspecifically. In behavioral experiments (amyl acetate vs cyclohexanone; butanol vs d-limonene), only animals with intact olfactory nerves could discriminate between perceptually equivalent concentrations, that is concentrations that elicited the same level of responding. Both electrophysiologically and behaviorally, the trigeminal system exhibited higher thresholds than the olfactory system. We conclude that trigeminal chemoreceptors, at least in salamanders, are unable to discriminate between these two pairs of compounds when matched for equal perceptual intensity, and that trigeminal chemoreceptors are less sensitive than olfactory receptors. PMID- 3236262 TI - Adaptation in chemoreceptor cells. I. Self-adapting backgrounds determine threshold and cause parallel shift of response function. AB - 1. The self-adapting effects of chemical backgrounds on the response of primary chemoreceptor cells to superimposed stimuli were studied using lobster (Homarus americanus) NH4 receptor cells. 2. These receptors responded for several seconds to the onset of the backgrounds, and then returned to their initial level of spontaneous activity (usually zero). The strongest response always occurred only during the steepest concentration change; the response then decayed back to zero or to the earlier spontaneous firing level, while the background concentration was still rising, and remained silent during the entire time that the background was maintained constant (20-30 min) 3. Exposure to constant self-adapting backgrounds eliminated the response of NH4 receptor cells to stimuli of concentration lower than the background, and reduced the responses to all higher stimulus concentrations tested by a nearly equal amount. This resulted in a parallel shift of the stimulus-response function to the right along the abscissa. 4. Since the response threshold was completely re-set by adaptation to backgrounds, NH4 receptors seem to function mostly as detectors of relative rather than absolute stimulus intensity across their entire dynamic range: the response to a given stimulus-to-background ratio remained the same over 3 log step increases of background concentration. 5. As in other sensory modalities, a parallel shift of response functions appears to be an important property of chemoreceptor cells, allowing for this sensory system to function over a wider stimulus intensity range than the instantaneous dynamic range of individual receptor cells. PMID- 3236263 TI - Effects of aggressive encounters on pineal melatonin formation in male gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus, Cricetidae). AB - Pineal N-acetyl-transferase activity and radioimmunoassayable melatonin levels were determined in adult male gerbils subjected to aggressive encounters using the intruder-model. In the first experiment, a single encounter of 3 min was applied in the afternoon to intact and to animals with sympathetically denervated pineal organs. Compared with controls, both stressed groups demonstrated a drastic decrease in N-acetyl-transferase activity followed by a slow recovery. In both groups there also occurred a marked change in pineal melatonin content: in intact animals pineal melatonin levels were elevated immediately after the encounter; thereafter, melatonin values decreased. In animals bearing denervated pineal organs melatonin levels fell as a consequence of the encounter. In a second experiment, intact gerbils experienced four daily encounters of 1 min for one week. Thereafter the nocturnal formation of melatonin was studied. In comparison with untreated controls, the repeatedly stressed animals demonstrated a temporal delay in the rise of both N-acetyl-transferase activity and melatonin. Since the pineal organ is able to transduce events of the social environment into an endocrine message--as set forth by both our experiments--the pineal organ might play an important role within central processing of social stress. PMID- 3236264 TI - Psychiatric morbidity among medical out-patients in Spain: a case for new methods of classification. AB - A study was carried out to document the psychiatric disturbances among consecutive first-day attenders to an internal medicine out-patient clinic in Spain. Subjects were interviewed in three different stages using standardized procedures, basically the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS). As hypothesized, the rate of disturbances was high (46.9%) and their classification with ICD-9 criteria was problematic. Minor affective disturbances were the most common diagnoses; the distribution of anxiety and depression scores followed the 'two correlated dimensions' model. The psychopathological differences between 'cases' and 'non-cases' seemed quantitative rather than qualitative. Absence of organicity, a pattern of multiple consultations and social problems were more frequent among the 'cases'. These data support the use of multiaxial classificatory systems. Ten supervised interviews significantly improved the internist recognition of 'cases' and the suggestion is made that a single routine question about the patients' mood would sensibly improve the detection rates. PMID- 3236265 TI - Psychological dysfunction in psychiatric and general nurse trainees. AB - The often held belief that psychiatric professionals are more psychologically disturbed than similar non-psychiatric professionals was not supported by the present study. Indeed in a comparison of two groups of nurse trainees, general nurse trainees showed a small but significantly greater degree of psychopathology than psychiatric nurses. When confounding variables and social desirability response set was taken into account, general nurse trainees had significantly higher scores on neuroticism, trait and state anxiety and depression. The groups did not differ on psychoticism (antisocial traits), extraversion, hypochondriasis or, work or social impairment. In terms of use of illicit drugs, the psychiatric nurses used only more cannabis than general nurses which was accounted for by females alone. PMID- 3236266 TI - Psychosocial consequences of mastectomy: levels of morbidity and associated factors. AB - Psychosocial morbidity was examined in 90 consecutive patients with Stage I or II breast cancer aged under 70 treated by mastectomy. In the two years after surgery, the prevalences of depression and anxiety of clinical degree were generally under 10%--less than half of those reported in early controlled studies in the United Kingdom. However, cancer patients aged under 50 showed significantly higher prevalences compared with cancer patients aged 50 or above and compared with matched control subjects with benign breast disease. Social and work problems were common at all ages. Sexual problems were more severe than mood disturbance. Patients at risk of mood disturbance could be predicted by a combination of age, measures of emotional lability and whether or not they were receiving chemotherapy. The results of this study are consistent with those of other recent reports from the United Kingdom and United States, which show that following mastectomy, mood disturbance of clinical degree may be considerably less common than has previously been supposed. PMID- 3236267 TI - Validity of the General Health Questionnaire and its subscales in patients receiving chemotherapy for early breast cancer. AB - The performance of the General Health Questionnaire as a case detector was assessed in 75 patients receiving chemotherapy for early breast cancer. The questionnaire and its subscales were found to be valid when compared with observer ratings. The misclassification rate of the 60-item version of the questionnaire was lowest when the standard threshold score for clinical morbidity was doubled to 24. It was lowest for the 28-item version when the threshold score was doubled to 10. Suggested threshold scores for clinical morbidity for the subscales are: anxiety and insomnia subscale 6/7; severe depression subscale 2/3; somatic symptoms subscale 6/7; and social dysfunction subscale 7/8. However, lower thresholds would be appropriate if the questionnaire were used as screening instrument prior to interview by a trained observer. PMID- 3236268 TI - The effects of suggestion on the total respiratory resistance of nonasthmatic female subjects. AB - Bronchodilation suggestion, bronchoconstriction suggestion, or neutral suggestion was given to thirty nonasthmatic female subjects; the effect of the suggestion on the total respiratory resistance (Rt) of the subjects was examined. Subjects were told either (a) that they would inhale a substance which would make their breathing better, (b) that they would inhale a substance which would make their breathing worse, or (c) that they would inhale a substance which would have no effect on their breathing. In actuality, no subject inhaled any substance. Those subjects who were told that their breathing would worsen exhibited a reliable increase in R1, whereas those subjects who were told that their breathing would become better or that their breathing would not be affected exhibited no reliable change in Rt. This study confirmed earlier work, showing that bronchoconstriction suggestion increases Rt in healthy individuals. Furthermore, this study showed that bronchodilation suggestion alone is not sufficient to produce a decrease in Rt. PMID- 3236269 TI - Mood, sexuality, oral contraceptives and the menstrual cycle. AB - 4112 women completed a retrospective questionnaire indicating when during their last menstrual cycle they felt their well-being and sexual interest to be at their best and worst. The commonest pattern was for well-being to be lowest during the premenstrual and highest during the postmenstrual week. Sexual interest was strongly associated with well-being, suggesting that variations of well-being have a powerful effect on sexuality in the majority of women. Oral contraceptive users, though broadly similar in their reported pattern, were less likely to show peaks and troughs of well-being and highs and lows of sexual interest. This was most evident in the subgroup of monophasic pill users who showed the least tendency to variations in both well-being and sexual interest, and a greater tendency to show either peaks or troughs of well-being during menstruation. Triphasic pill users were intermediate between monophasic and non pill users. PMID- 3236270 TI - Longitudinal analysis of psychological adaptation among family members of patients with cancer. AB - A growing body of research suggests that a cancer diagnosis reverberates throughout the family system. The majority of studies provide evidence of the psychological distress experienced by family members at the time of diagnosis and during terminal and early bereavement stages. Increasingly, however, patients survive a cancer diagnosis. Therefore, their experience and that of family members more closely approximates living with a chronic illness. In this longitudinal study of 143 pairs of patients and significant others it was found that a substantial minority of significant others experienced psychological distress up to one year after the patient's initial diagnosis. The psychologically vulnerable group of significant others included an initially poor functioning group who remained so over time as well as a group whose mental health status declined over time. Personal and social resources were more important factors in declining mental health than illness-related factors. PMID- 3236271 TI - Pressure sensitivity in bulimic women: a contribution to research in body image distortion. AB - The present study is a first step towards specifying perceptual peculiarities rather than visual ones that may contribute to a distorted body boundary experience in women meeting DSM III criteria for a diagnosis of bulimia. Fourteen bulimic women and 14 women without bulimia but closely matched in age, height and weight participated in the study. Pressure sensitivity was measured by means of the von Frey method under three conditions: (1) at the tip of the right index finger, (2) at the lower abdomen, (3) at the lower abdomen again, but with financial reward promised for high performance. Data confirmed the hypothesis that at both sites pressure sensitivity thresholds would be significantly higher for the bulimic group than for the comparison group. It is possible that deficits in pressure sensitivity are related to overestimation of the width of the respective body parts. PMID- 3236272 TI - Distorted body image in bulimic women. AB - Fifteen bulimic women (DSM III) and 15 women with no indication of an eating disorder, matched pairwise with respect to age, weight and height, were assessed via a distorting video image technique under four conditions. They were asked to: (1) estimate the width of a water bottle, (2) estimate the width of their own body, (3) repeat those estimates under a condition of reward for high accuracy, (4) focus attention on their bodily sensations and indicate how wide their body felt. While groups did not differ in their estimates under condition 1 (water bottle), significant differences were found between groups under conditions 2, 3 and 4 (own body), the percentage of overestimating being highest when subjects were to indicate how wide their body felt. Results suggest that modalities of perception other than visual are strongly involved in the body image distortion of bulimics. PMID- 3236273 TI - Coping and the outcome of stoma surgery. AB - A prospective 12 month study of 106 subjects who underwent stoma surgery was conducted and has been described previously. Coping responses to the underlying diagnosis and to the stoma itself were assessed at 3 and 12 months post operatively and are related to the outcome 3 years after the operation. Difficulty coping with the stoma itself was a greater determinant of later psychiatric disturbance than difficulty in coping with the illness. Physical outcome, in those with colorectal carcinoma, was influenced by coping strategies only in the males, denial over diagnosis was significantly associated with poor outcome whereas fighting spirit over the stoma was associated with a good outcome. PMID- 3236274 TI - A comparison of psychologically-induced cardiovascular reactivity in laboratory and natural environments. AB - This study focused on the possible role of heart rate reactivity in the development of essential hypertension in female subjects. Baseline heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, taken over a 6 week period, were used for comparison with the same measures taken during a laboratory session involving relaxation, cold pressor, mental arithmetic and exercise, and before and after an academic examination. Information about personality and lifestyle was included in subsequent univariate and multivariate analyses. Significant increases were produced in heart rate by the mental arithmetic task (p less than 0.00005), in systolic pressure by the exercise task (p less than 0.00005) and in systolic pressure prior to the examination (p less than 0.001). No significant diastolic effects were found. When subjects were divided into high and low reactors, on the basis of their heart rate reactivity to mental arithmetic, there was little difference in cardiovascular activity between the groups in any other condition. Significant effects on reactivity were found for diet, regular daily exercise and type A personality. The results are discussed in terms of Obrist's theory of the genesis of essential hypertension. PMID- 3236275 TI - The use of common pain experiences in designing a pain intensity scale for epidemiological purposes. AB - The planning of services for the treatment of chronic pain does not seem to be based on adequate information. Although some epidemiological studies exist already, there is a need for more epidemiological knowledge. We have tried to develop a mail questionnaire which may, to some extent, separate pain sensory intensity from pain affect and behaviour. In this paper we refer to the development and testing of a pain sensory intensity scale based on common pain experience. 155 subjects classified the intensity of 15 common pain states. The classifications were then compared. The results indicate that there are pain states which many people have experienced and which they are able to rank according to pain intensity. The pain sensory intensity scale we based on five of these pain experiences or groups of pain experience. PMID- 3236276 TI - Interaction in families with obese children. AB - In a controlled study using recently developed and validated methods for eliciting and describing family interactions, a characteristic dysfunctional pattern of interaction was found in families with an obese child. The pattern differed from patterns predicted by previous workers on the basis of indirect evidence or non-systematic study. The pattern was present in all the families studied, but was more marked in the sub-group recruited from a local school, than from subgroups recruited through medical sources. This sub-group had a more positive attitude to obesity and a slightly lower degree of obesity. No common or characteristic interactional pattern was found in the controls. The results were not explainable in terms of demographic criteria, family structure or composition variables, or family emotional health. The findings are discussed in relation to a model of obesity as a family syndrome and a manifestation of psychosocial identity. PMID- 3236277 TI - Minor infection, minor life events and the four day desirability dip. AB - Sixty-five subjects volunteered to take part in an intensive prospective investigation into the role of minor life events in precipitating episodes of minor infectious illness of the upper respiratory tract, notably 'colds'. Subjects provided daily records of desirable and undesirable events, as well as information concerning their physical health. Information was collected using standardized methods which have proven useful in recent research. Among those subjects who both provided adequate data and experienced a suitable illness episode, it was found that, relative to carefully matched control days, illness episodes were characterized by a statistically significant decrease in desirable events during the 4 days prior to symptom onset. Undesirable events were unrelated to illness episodes. This replicates and extends the most recent findings in this area, is consistent with psychoimmunological hypotheses regarding aetiological mechanisms and illustrates the promise of the new life events research based on a consideration of minor daily events. PMID- 3236278 TI - What happens to medical patients with psychiatric disorder? AB - Medical, psychiatric and social outcome were examined in medical in-patients previously identified as suffering from psychiatric disorder. One third of patients with an affective (emotional) disorder on admission were still psychiatrically ill four months after discharge. Persistent disorder was associated with continuing physical illness. During the year following admission those with affective disorder on admission continued to make greater demands on medical, social and psychiatric services than matched controls and had double the mortality rate (not significant). Patients with organic mental states on admission had a high mortality and morbidity, and made considerable continuing use of general hospital social and psychiatric services. Improved recognition of psychiatric disorder during hospital admission could result in better overall care of medical patients' psychiatric and social difficulties and more effective use of medical resources. PMID- 3236279 TI - Chronic pain in the United States. PMID- 3236280 TI - Water intoxication and psychosis syndrome. Clinical cautions. PMID- 3236281 TI - Caffeine use and abuse in psychiatric clients. PMID- 3236282 TI - Eating disorders. Promoting continuity of care. PMID- 3236283 TI - A nonsmoking policy on an acute psychiatric unit. PMID- 3236284 TI - The social support. Social dissupport continuum. AB - A person's network embodies "the good, the bad, and the ugly" of all social relationships. The nature of these relationships may be conceptualized as a continuum between social support and social dissupport. Social support, as a product of relationships that facilitate growth, generates self-esteem and assists in assuming appropriate societal roles. Social dissupport represents those relationships that hinder growth and/or promote disintegration. Clinically, nurses either formally or informally assess the degree of social support, but neglect the overall social support/dissupport ratio. The MSNI profiles the person's perception of social support/dissupport on four levels of social relationships and is an efficient instrument in assessing who is in the social network, what is provided, perceived helpfulness, and expectations. Preliminary use of the instrument with parents of the long-term mentally ill, acutely and long-term mentally ill clients, students, and a variety of clients of graduate students enrolled in a crisis intervention course are promising. Thus, nurses must be prepared to confront their clients' perceptions of the professional's role and to modify and adapt those interactions to facilitate goal achievement. PMID- 3236285 TI - Client classification. A "needs" approach. PMID- 3236286 TI - Medication refusal: what does it mean? PMID- 3236287 TI - Battered women. PMID- 3236288 TI - Difficult adolescents. PMID- 3236289 TI - How parents of gays react to their children's homosexuality and to the threat of AIDS. PMID- 3236290 TI - [Measurement of tumor volume by x-ray computed tomography in evaluating the response to treatment]. AB - Oncologists often find it difficult to evaluate response to treatment of solid tumors. CT scan imaging has been used over about the last ten years for follow-up of treated patients, and for the last year has been applied to evaluate objectively the size of deep malignant tumors (32 cases studied). Based on results, difficulties related to the patients, the technician and the apparatus are discussed. The method appears to be 90% reliable and of marked value for follow-up surveillance and adjustment of therapy if required. PMID- 3236291 TI - [Disk hypodensity and disk herniation]. AB - The authors report the case of a patient with a herniated lumbar disk and bacterial meningitis. CT scan showed central disk hypodensity at the hernia level, whilst full cytological and bacteriological study of the disk following surgery revealed no evidence of spondylodiscitis. The problem was thus that of consequences of "degenerative" events related to the herniation. Central or peripheral disk hypodensity must in no case be considered as specific of discitis when there is a concomitant disk herniation. PMID- 3236292 TI - [Hydrocele of pancreatic origin. X-ray computed tomographic study of an intrascrotal collection in an acute outbreak of chronic pancreatitis]. AB - In an alcoholic 46-year-old man complaining of painful scrotum enlargement, CT examination allowed to refer the intrascrotal fluid collection to its pancreatic origin. PMID- 3236293 TI - Autoantibodies to soluble cellular antigens in unexplained recurrent abortion and infertility. AB - In 36 women with unexplained primary recurrent abortion, 13 with secondary unexpained recurrent abortion, 25 with primary unexplained infertility, 7 with secondary unexplained infertility and two groups of control women, autoantibodies to soluble cellular antigens were measured by Western blotting to a disaggregated HeLa cell antigen preparation, by counter immunoelectrophoresis and by indirect immunofluorescence. Using Western blotting the women with primary infertility and those with secondary recurrent abortion had a significantly higher prevalence of autoantibodies (P less than 0.01 in each case). This was not shown using the other methods. It is possible that these antibodies could be causally related to the pathology of the conditions studied. PMID- 3236294 TI - Qualitative variation in the immune response to ovarian follicular fluid proteins in cattle. AB - In two experiments 44 heifers were immunised with inhibin preparations of partially purified ovarian follicular fluid (PPFF) of ovine, porcine and equine origin in non-ulcerative Freund's adjuvant. In the first experiment 20 cattle were immunised with ovine PPFF1. In the second, a further 24 were immunised with either a different sheep PPFF (ovine PPFF2) or PPFF from pigs or horses. Large molecules of over 30 kDa initiated a strong immune response in some animals, but none in others, although there was no obvious relationship with the MHC Class I (BoLA) phenotype. Immunisation with ovine partly purified follicular fluid affected ovulation rate in some cattle, and only these cows produced detectable antibodies to an approximately 40 kDa protein. These data show that the immunological response of cattle to a mixture of antigens is highly variable between individuals and may explain the variation in the ovarian response to immunological manipulations of ovulation rate seen in this species. PMID- 3236295 TI - The "repetitive strain injury syndrome" is referred pain from the neck. PMID- 3236296 TI - The presence of a myeloid cell population showing strong reactivity with monoclonal antibody directed to difucosyl type 2 chain in epiphyseal bone marrow adjacent to joints affected with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its absence in the corresponding normal and non-RA bone marrow. AB - The presence of a specific type of cell, highly expressing difucosyl type 2 chain (dimeric Lex; FH-4 antigen), was found in the epiphyseal bone marrow cells of affected joints from patients with active severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The antigen was defined by monoclonal antibody FH-4 which was previously found to be directed to the oncofetal marker. The FH-4(+) cell population was identified as myeloid cell lineage with usual morphology specifically found in bone marrow of patients with severe RA, but is virtually absent in the same cell fraction of patients with osteoarthritis, infectious arthritis, and from normal adult subjects. PMID- 3236297 TI - Erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes are reduced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were determined in erythrocytes isolated from 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from 19 with osteoarthritis of the knee joints as controls. In a comparison of the 2 groups, it was found that the activities of these 3 antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased in patients with RA. This indicates that erythrocytes in patients with RA might be injured more easily by oxy radicals which are endogenously generated in red blood cells. PMID- 3236298 TI - Antidepressant analgesia in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-seven patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were treated in a 32 week, double blind, crossover trial of amitriptyline, desipramine, trazodone, and placebo. All drug regimens produced significant changes on pain measures relative to baseline, but only amitriptyline exceeded placebo. Amitriptyline was associated with a significant reduction in the number of painful/tender joints. Our study supports the efficacy of a moderate dose of amitriptyline as an adjunct drug for the treatment of pain in both depressed and nondepressed patients with RA. PMID- 3236300 TI - IgA containing immune complexes and hematuria in ankylosing spondylitis. A prospective longitudinal study. AB - The occurrence of circulating immune complexes containing IgA (IgA-IC) was studied in groups of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) selected for the presence or absence of hematuria. In studies done with 4 kinds of assays, IgA-IC were found more frequently and in higher titers in the 18 patients with AS with hematuria than in the 40 patients with AS without hematuria. Comparison of clinical indices of disease activity in these patient groups showed that the disease was more active in patients with AS with hematuria. Our findings confirm those made in a previous retrospective study on the relation between hematuria and circulating IgA-IC in AS and suggest that circulating IgA-IC play a role in the pathogenesis of hematuria in AS. PMID- 3236299 TI - Reactive hyperemia in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - Our study was undertaken to demonstrate the efficacy of digital plethysmography using a strain gauge plethysmograph in the assessment of the reactive hyperemic response. We studied patients with Raynaud's phenomenon with and without associated connective tissue disorders. Reactive hyperemic response was examined in 27 normal subjects and 19 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon at 12-14 degrees C, 20-22 degrees C and 37-40 degrees C. In the normal subjects reactive hyperemia was greatest at 20-22 degrees C. In 19 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, the pulse waves were smaller at 20-22 degrees C than in normal subjects and the response was seen in only 5 of 19 patients. At 12-14 degrees C reactive hyperemic response was usually absent and at 37-40 degrees C it was evident in 9 patients. Nifedipine was given to 11 patients (5 mg TID for 4 weeks) and in 10 of them, reactive hyperemic response was restored at 20-22 degrees C. PMID- 3236301 TI - Clinical picture of reactive salmonella arthritis. AB - Twenty-three patients with reactive salmonella arthritis were treated at the Departments of Medicine (in 1970-1984) or at the Outpatient Department (in 1980 1986) of Meilahti Hospital. Nine different salmonella species were implicated as triggering factors. Salmonella was detected in 74% of the patients by stool cultures. Widal test was positive (greater than or equal to 1:160) in the remainder. The acute clinical picture was that of oligo or polyarthritis. Other musculoskeletal and inflammatory symptoms were frequent. The mean duration of the acute arthritis was 4.7 months (range 1.5-6.0). In 4 patients the disease ran a chronic course. The treatment of salmonella infection with chemotherapy had no obvious effect on the duration of the arthritis. In conclusion, salmonella arthritis is a form of seronegative spondyloarthritis, with acute features common to other types of reactive arthritides. The search for Salmonella should be included in the study of a patient with acute arthritis. Serology can be of help in patients with negative bacterial cultures. PMID- 3236303 TI - Inflammation after blood injection into a synovial-like space is a result of the cellular component rather than the plasma. AB - The rat subcutaneous air pouch, a model for a synovial-like space, has been used to study the effect of blood as an inducer of inflammation. Six-day-old pouches were injected with autologous whole blood, with plasma or with blood cell pellets. We found significantly more inflammation and proliferation of pouch lining in pouches injected with whole blood or with the blood cell pellets than with the plasma. After the injection of blood or the cell component, large numbers of hemoglobin crystals and lipid droplets were found in the pouch fluid and were associated with erosions of the pouch membrane. PMID- 3236302 TI - The varied clinical manifestations of iliopsoas bursitis. AB - Iliopsoas bursitis is often overlooked as the cause of symptoms involving the inguinal area and lower extremity. We report 8 patients with iliopsoas bursitis. All had either osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis of the hip but only 3 had significant hip pain. Patients presented with an inguinal mass and hip pain (2); unilateral leg swelling (2); inguinal mass and unilateral leg swelling (1); hip pain (1); pelvic mass with bladder compression (1); and no symptoms (1). The diagnosis was entertained initially in only 2 patients. Computed tomography was useful in establishing the diagnosis. PMID- 3236304 TI - Sleep and symptoms in fibrositis syndrome after a febrile illness. AB - Sleep physiology and symptoms of 9 patients with fibrositis syndrome secondary to a febrile illness were compared to 9 patients with fibrositis syndrome who did not attribute their symptoms to a febrile illness and to 10 healthy controls. Both patient groups showed an alpha EEG (7.5 to 11 Hz) nonrapid eye movement sleep anomaly, had similar observed tender points, and self-ratings of musculoskeletal pain. These findings suggest that patients with postfebrile fibrositis have a nonrestorative sleep disorder characteristic of patients with fibrositis syndrome and share similar symptoms with patients who have a "chronic fatigue syndrome." PMID- 3236306 TI - Central nervous system manifestations in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a problem of management. AB - An adolescent girl with established systemic lupus erythematosus developed central nervous system involvement. This did not respond to oral prednisolone and intravenous cyclophosphamide, but an acute exacerbation appeared to improve after high dose intravenous methylprednisolone. PMID- 3236305 TI - Persistent synovial lymphocyte responses to mumps and adenovirus antigens. AB - A man in his 50s with rheumatoid arthritis showed maximal synovial lymphocyte reactivity to mumps antigen on 9 of 10 testings over a period of 6 years; peripheral blood lymphocytes showed no significant responses to mumps antigen in 5 testings over 5 years. A boy of 15 with recurrent arthritis of the right knee showed maximal synovial lymphocyte reactivity to adenovirus antigen. This reactivity was again present during a subsequent episode more than 3 years later; peripheral blood lymphocytes showed no such response to adenovirus antigen. PMID- 3236307 TI - Involvement of the craniocervical junction in Reiter's syndrome. AB - Although Reiter's syndrome uncommonly affects the cervical spine, involvement of the craniocervical articulations does occur and may be manifested as nonreducible rotational head tilt. Computerized axial tomography with reformatted images was helpful in assessing the anatomy of this area in our patient with significant head tilt and abnormal head position. PMID- 3236308 TI - Recurrent septic arthritis and Milroy's disease. AB - Milroy's disease is a rare disorder characterized by multiple physical anomalies, the most prominent of which is lymphedema of one or both lower extremities. We describe, with a review of proposed pathogenetic mechanisms, a patient with Milroy's disease who, over a 13-year period, manifested at least 14 isolated episodes of septic arthritis of the left knee. Recurrent septic arthritis associated with Milroy's disease has not been reported previously. PMID- 3236309 TI - Repetitive strain syndrome: an Australian experience. PMID- 3236310 TI - Axillary vein thrombosis after nitrogen mustard therapy for SLE. PMID- 3236311 TI - Scleroderma: dystrophic calcification with spinal cord compression. PMID- 3236312 TI - Colchicine in the treatment of systemic amyloidosis of Muckle-Wells-type. PMID- 3236313 TI - The relationship between a low treated blood pressure and IHD mortality: a report from the DHSS Hypertension Care Computing Project (DHCCP). AB - The suggestion that treating blood pressure to below a certain level may increase IHD mortality is controversial. We investigated the influence of treated blood pressure on mortality in the DHSS Hypertension Care Computer Project. Mortality was examined by quintiles of treated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 2,145 patients treated for a minimum period of one year and subsequently followed for an average of four years. One hundred and seventy five patients died; 71 from IHD. In men and women all cause mortality increased with level of treated DBP. In men IHD mortality showed a U-shaped distribution with an age-adjusted rate of 15.2 per 1,000 person years in the lowest fifth (DBP less than 86 mmHg) comparable to that of 15.6 per 1,000 in the upper (DBP greater than or equal to 103 mmHg). A similar pattern could not be established in women due to very few IHD deaths. IHD mortality was further examined separately for men by prior history of IHD. An increase in IHD deaths in the lowest fifth of treated blood pressure was found for men both with and without a history of IHD. No similar pattern of IHD mortality was obtained for untreated DBP or treated systolic pressure. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the risk of low treated DBP is secondary to ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 3236314 TI - Normalization of high plasma level of ouabain-like immunoreactivity in primary aldosteronism after removal of adenoma. AB - Plasma ouabain-like immunoreactivity, which has been supposed to be associated with hypertension, was significantly higher in five patients with primary aldosteronism than in age-matched normotensive subjects. High plasma levels of ouabain-like immunoreactivity decreased to normal after removal of adenoma. Extracts of adenoma tissue did not contain any apparent ouabain-like immunoreactivity. Anti-ouabain antibody used in this study did not cross-react with aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone, arachidonic acid or lysophosphatidylcholine. Hypertension, hypokalemia, a high plasma aldosterone level and low plasma renin activity were also normalized after surgery. These results indicate that hyperaldosteronism induces the high plasma level of ouabain like immunoreactivity and this is associated in part with high blood pressure (BP) in primary aldosteronism. PMID- 3236315 TI - The effects of combining felodipine and metoprolol in moderate to severe hypertension--a one year study. AB - A dose titration study was performed using felodipine, a new calcium antagonist, in Chinese patients with essential hypertension inadequately controlled by metoprolol alone (DBP greater than 95 mmHg). BP and pulse rate were recorded at rest and during treadmill exercise. Nineteen patients completed the six weeks' dose titration phase (2.5-5-10 mg twice daily) of whom 17 were followed for one year. A single 2.5 mg dose of felodipine produced a rapid and pronounced antihypertensive response with pre-exercise supine BP falling from a mean 168/104 to 146/92 mmHg) (P less than 0.001). The SBP during exercise was reduced from 206 to 185 mmHg (P less than 0.001). After 6 weeks treatment the supine BP had fallen to 132/85 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and the SBP during exercise to 169 mmHg (P less than 0.001). Six patients received 2.5 mg twice daily, eight patients 5 mg twice daily and three patients 10 mg twice daily. The effects, both at rest and during exercise, were maintained for at least 12 hours after dosing. The pulse rate was unaffected by felodipine therapy apart from a small transient increase following the first dose. Sixteen patients achieved the target DBP of 90 mmHg measured 12 hours after dosing and only one patient still had a DBP greater than 95 mmHg. After one year the mean supine BP had fallen slightly further to 128/82 mmHg. One patient was withdrawn due to palpitations. Felodipine was otherwise well tolerated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3236316 TI - Does therapeutic reduction of diastolic blood pressure cause death from coronary heart disease? AB - Mortality data from 3350 patients who attended the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic between 1968 and the end of 1982 were used to examine the hypothesis that lowering diastolic blood pressure (DBP) below 85 mmHg causes death from coronary heart disease (CHD). Analysis of 257 coronary deaths in quintiles of treated DBP showed a significantly nonlinear relation, with the lowest mortality from CHD occurring in the middle quintile (91-98 mmHg). This finding persisted after adjustment for risk at entry, and was independent of sex and pre-existing CHD. In contrast, the relations between treated systolic blood pressure and death from CHD, and treated DBP and death from stroke were linear. For 2355 patients who were untreated at referral there was no relation between the change in DBP during treatment and death from CHD. In our view, however, these findings do not necessarily support the hypothesis that lowering of DBP below 85 mmHg with treatment causes death from CHD. Evidence for this is indirect and inconsistent, and should not, at present, be used as a basis for any change in treatment practice. PMID- 3236317 TI - Admission blood pressure response as an indicator of hypertensive risk. AB - In this retrospective study we aimed to identify from 50 outpatient (OP) mild hypertensives without clinical evidence of target organ damage (TOD), a group with unsustained hypertension in order to see whether they had less echocardiographic TOD than patients with sustained hypertension. Following OP assessment, patients were admitted to a hospital ward and BP was measured after 30 minutes' rest. In 21 patients (fallers) BP fell after admission and in 29 (non fallers) BP either rose or remained the same (fallers = 164/102 OP v 152/93 mmHg hospital, non-fallers = 165/102 OP v 168/105 mmHg hospital, P less than 0.001 for SBP/DBP differences between the groups on hospitalisation). During the whole day after admission, ambulatory intra-arterial pressure (IABP) was consistently lower in the fallers (137/88 v 148/93 mmHg, P less than 0.04 for SBP, P = NS for DBP) and systolic variability was slightly but significantly higher (18 v 16 mmHg P = 0.05). Echocardiographically-assessed left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was significantly higher in the non-fallers (117 v 101 g/m2 P = 0.03) and correlated positively with mean systolic IABP in both groups although this only reached significance in the non-fallers (n = 25, r = 0.53 P less than 0.01 nonfallers v n = 18 r = 0.42 P = NS fallers). We believe the less sustained pressure of the fallers was responsible for their lower LVMIs and that an exaggerated defence reaction was operating when they were outpatients which relaxed following 30 minutes' rest in hospital. The study demonstrates the importance of sustained hypertension in the development of hypertensive cardiac TOD. PMID- 3236318 TI - Amiloride compared with nitrendipine in treatment of essential hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive effect of amiloride was compared to that of the calcium antagonist nitrendipine in 12 patients (8 males), aged 34-62 years, with essential hypertension WHO grade I-II (mean supine blood pressure 158/103, standing 155/106 mmHg) in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study design. Amiloride was given 5 mg once daily for one month followed by 20 mg twice daily for another month. Amiloride 5 mg once daily significantly reduced supine and standing DBP but not SBP (supine 151/94, standing 149/97 mmHg), whereas 10 mg once daily decreased SBP as well as DBP (supine 145/98, standing 145/101 mmHg). Nitrendipine 20 mg once daily significantly reduced supine and standing SBP and standing DBP (supine 150/97, standing 148/98 mmHg), but on 20 mg twice daily only supine SBP was significantly reduced (supine 150/99, standing 151/106 mmHg). Heart rate was transiently increased by nitrendipine 20 mg once daily and unchanged following amiloride. Plasma noradrenaline was unaltered following amiloride 10 mg once daily as well as nitrendipine 20 mg twice daily, whereas plasma renin activity and aldosterone were elevated following amiloride. Serum electrolytes, blood glucose, plasma lipids and body weight were not altered by any of the drugs. Amiloride 5-10 mg daily has a mild to moderate BP lowering effect in patients with essential hypertension. The BP reduction following nitrendipine 20 mg once daily was comparable to that of amiloride 5 mg daily. Nitrendipine 20 mg twice daily gave no additional BP decrease. PMID- 3236319 TI - Effects of sphygmomanometer type and position of the arm on blood pressure measurement. AB - Random zero and standard sphygmomanometers were compared in a balanced study performed by 36 members of a General Practitioner Clinical Research Group. In addition the influence of arm position, supported versus dependent, was examined. There was minimal difference between the mean blood pressures measured by the two sphygmomanometers, although the results from the random zero were more variable. The mean blood pressures with the arm supported were consistently lower than with the arm dependent: 127/79 mmHg arm supported vs 131/83 mmHg arm dependent. It is recommended that the position of the arm should be standardised to that of being supported roughly horizontally at heart level. The random zero machine should be used for clinical trial work where the elimination of observer bias is important, and when proper training of observers can be undertaken. PMID- 3236320 TI - Arterial compliance and baroreceptor sensitivity after chronic treatment with indapamide. AB - Arterial compliance, assessed by the ratio of stroke volume to pulse pressure, and baroreceptor sensitivity (Oxford method), were determined in ten patients with essential hypertension, treated with placebo or indapamide (2.5 mg/day), in a cross-over, single blind study. After three months of therapy, mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced from 127 +/- 10 to 118 +/- 9 mmHg, (P less than 0.001), as was total peripheral vascular resistance (from 3017 +/- 561 to 2457 +/- 614 dyne/sec/cm-5/m2, P less than 0.001). Significant increases occurred in cardiac index (3.47 +/- 0.55 to 4.03 +/- 0.86 l/min/m2, P less than 0.01), baroreceptor sensitivity assessed with phenylephrine (from 11.69 +/- 7.9 to 15.0 +/- 9.1 msec/mmHg, P less than 0.01) or with nitroglycerine (from 4.77 +/- 1.6 to 7.11 +/- 2.7 msec/mmHg, P less than 0.01) and arterial compliance (from 1.27 +/- 0.42 to 1.55 +/- 0.57, P less than 0.01). A significant direct correlation was found between arterial compliance and baroreceptor sensitivity assessed during induced increase and reduction of BP, both during placebo (r = 0.88, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.77, P less than 0.01, respectively) and during active therapy (r = 0.94, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.92, P less than 0.001, respectively). These results support the conclusion that chronic treatment with indapamide enhances arterial compliances and reduces the heart load and blood vessel stress. The same effect could explain the enhancement of baroreceptor sensitivity promoted by the drug. PMID- 3236321 TI - Rhabdomyolysis, oedema and arterial hypertension: different syndromes related to topical use of 9-alpha-fluoroprednisolone. AB - Over a one year period we detected five cases of iatrogenic mineralocorticoidism secondary to topical application of creams containing 9-alpha-fluoro prednisolone. Although the same product was involved in all cases, the clinical features differed and included two cases of myopathy and hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis, one of oedema and two of arterial hypertension. Discontinuation of treatment and administration of potassium supplements produced a rapid recovery and all patients remain well six months later. PMID- 3236322 TI - The incidence rate of phaeochromocytoma and Conn's syndrome in Denmark, 1977 1981. AB - In the years 1977 to 1981, 47 cases of phaeochromocytoma and 19 cases of aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma (Conn's syndrome) were diagnosed in Denmark as reported to the National Register of Hospital Patients. This corresponds to an average annual incidence of phaeochromocytoma and Conn's syndrome of 1.9 and 0.8 per million inhabitants, respectively. Treatment results were evaluated from the patient's records and follow-up questionnaires. Of 30 surviving patients operated upon for phaeochromocytoma and followed-up after 18-81 months, 23 were normotensive without treatment and seven were mildly to moderately hypertensive. Of 11 patients operated upon for Conn's syndrome, follow-up data at 1-2 years were obtained in seven, of whom five were normotensive and two hypertensive. Phaeochromocytoma and Conn's syndrome are rare diseases. The results of surgical treatment are often gratifying, but not all patients remain normotensive after surgery, even in the absence of recurrence of endocrine disease. PMID- 3236323 TI - Efficacy of once daily nitrendipine in essential hypertension--a study using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. AB - To determine if the calcium channel blocking agent, nitrendipine, is effective as monotherapy we have performed a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial using 20 mg once daily or twice daily in 19 mild to moderate hypertensive patients. Blood pressure was measured by a random zero (RZ) sphygmomanometer and at home using the Remler semiautomatic BP recorder. The BP (RZ) was significantly reduced by twice daily nitrendipine compared to placebo (from 163/99 +/- 20/6 mmHg to 140/90 +/- 15/9 mmHg). Once daily drug administration reduced systolic BP only (163 +/- 20 to 144 +/- 17 mmHg). Remler BP confirmed that the maximum systolic and diastolic BP lowering effect was in the twice daily group while once daily drug did produce a significant lowering of BP but less than the twice daily dosage. This study suggests that twice daily nitrendipine caused a greater decrease in BP and was more consistent than once a day. The emergence of a new generation of automatic BP recorders should improve the evaluation of once daily therapeutic agents. PMID- 3236324 TI - The haemodynamic effects of intravenous nifedipine in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. AB - The antihypertensive effects of intravenous nifedipine, given by bolus and 2 hour infusion, were studied at two dose levels in seven hypertensive (mean BP 178/114 mmHg) and five age-matched normotensive controls (mean BP 128/81 mmHg). Nifedipine significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the hypertensive patients by approximately 20%, but not in the normotensive controls. Similar changes in heart rate and forearm blood flow were seen after bolus injection in both groups, but these were not sustained during infusion. Intravenous nifedipine may be a useful acute treatment for hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 3236325 TI - The relationship of dietary salt and blood pressure in three farming communities in Kashmir. AB - The relationship between salt intake and blood pressure was explored in three different areas of Northern Kashmir, where people consume large quantities of salt in tea. Six villages were selected from each area and all the available family members of every second or third house were studied. Food and salt were weighed and the intake of each family member was obtained from the amount consumed out of the total cooked. Complete data were available from 361 subjects (191 males, 170 females). There was no significant difference between the three areas as regards age, height, weight, salt intake and blood pressure. Their age ranged from 15 to 88 yrs (mean 44) and the daily salt intake ranged from 70 to 420 mmol (mean 169 mmol). No correlation was found between age and salt intake or weight but there was a significant correlation between age and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.296; P less than 0.01). Both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated significantly with the salt intake with correlation coefficients of 0.385 and 0.318 respectively (P less than 0.001). Multiple regression analyses showed that the significant relationship between salt and blood pressure was unaltered by adjustment for age. Of the 361 subjects, 46 (12.7%) had a blood pressure of 160/95 mmHg or more. This study suggests a similar relationship between habitual salt intake and blood pressure in each of three different areas of Northern Kashmir. PMID- 3236326 TI - Antihypertensive therapy and cardiovascular reactivity during isometric stress. AB - The cardiovascular reactivity to isometric stress test before and after antihypertensive therapy was evaluated by invasive haemodynamic techniques in 23 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. A beta-blocking agent (atenolol 50 to 100 mg daily) was given to 11 patients; 12 patients received calcium entry blockers (diltiazem 240 to 360 mg daily or verapamil 240 to 480 mg per day). The pressor response to isometric stress before therapy consisted of an increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure (all P less than 0.01) that was similar in both treatment groups. The rise in arterial pressure was mainly due to an increase in cardiac output (P less than 0.01), as total peripheral resistance did not change significantly. After treatment with the beta blocker, the increase in total peripheral resistance during isometric stress was exaggerated (P less than 0.01), and, conversely, the increase in cardiac output was attenuated (P less than 0.01). In contrast, treatment with calcium entry blockers preserved the haemodynamic reactivity pattern of the untreated state: arterial pressure increased during isometric stress through an increase in cardiac output, while total peripheral resistance remained unchanged. Since the haemodynamic culprit of essential hypertension is an elevated peripheral resistance, a drug that numerically increases this culprit under conditions of resting and isometric stress becomes less attractive than one that lowers peripheral resistance and preserves the physiologic response pattern. PMID- 3236327 TI - Acute lipoprotein changes associated with atenolol therapy for hypertension in non-insulin dependent diabetes. AB - In a study on 11 stable hypertensive non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects the influence of beta-blocker (atenolol 100mg) withdrawal and reintroduction was assessed. After a three week placebo phase significant increases in pulse rate, high density lipoprotein- and high density lipoprotein2-cholesterol and a significant decrease in triglyceride were observed. Three weeks after recommencement of atenolol therapy the pulse, lipid and lipoprotein changes were reversed and significantly so. Weight and blood pressure remained constant throughout. Results from this study indicate that in non-insulin dependent diabetes, atenolol-induced lipid and lipoprotein changes are reversible in the short term and occur in the absence of significant changes in blood pressure control. The lipoprotein changes observed involved an alteration in high density lipoprotein composition. As a reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with macrovascular disease, future studies on the association of lipoproteins and diabetic complications should take into account these changes in lipoproteins with beta-blocker hypotensive therapy. PMID- 3236329 TI - Antihypertensive efficacy of low dose torasemide in essential hypertension: a placebo-controlled study. AB - The blood pressure lowering effect of chronic treatment with the low, non diuretic dose of 2.5 mg of torasemide, a new loop-diuretic, was assessed in 20 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (WHO stage I-II) in a randomised, double-blind, balanced, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Blood pressure was significantly reduced after four weeks of torasemide as compared to four weeks of placebo. No significant diuretic effect was detected and there were no relevant metabolic or clinical side effects. The present results show that torasemide 2.5 mg once daily has a significant BP lowering effect and is well tolerated in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. This low dose, lacking significant diuretic activity, appears to be the recommended dose for starting antihypertensive treatment with this compound. PMID- 3236328 TI - Antihypertensive effect of diltiazem administered once and twice daily. AB - This study was undertaken to compare the antihypertensive effect of diltiazem administered once or twice daily. After a two week wash-out period, eight hypertensive patients were treated for two consecutive four week phases with 180 mg once daily or 90 mg twice daily of a sustained-release formulation of diltiazem. The sequence of the treatments was randomised and the trial carried out in a double-blind fashion. Ambulatory daytime BP profiles were obtained using a portable BP recorder (Remler M2000). The average of all BP readings taken during the monitoring period was 159/104 +/- 21/10 mgHg (mean +/- SD) at the end of the wash-out period and 145/90 +/- 20/12 and 148/95 +/- 21/11 mmHg under treatment with diltiazem 180 mg once daily and 90 mg twice daily, respectively. These data indicate that 180 mg of a slow-release formulation of diltiazem are as effective in lowering the BP of hypertensive patients when administered daily in a single dose as when divided into two doses. PMID- 3236330 TI - Reaction of tobacco smoke aldehydes with human hemoglobin. AB - Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, and acrolein, all of which are constituents of tobacco smoke, were reacted in 5 mM concentration with the purified major fraction of normal adult human hemoglobin (hemoglobin Ao) in 1 mM concentration. A cigarette smoke condensate, diluted to contain 5 mM total aldehydes, was also reacted with 1 mM hemoglobin Ao. Cationic exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the products formed from simple aliphatic aldehydes, with the exception of formaldehyde, were analogues of those formed from acetaldehyde, earlier shown by us to be imidazolidinone derivatives, that is, cyclic addition products of the N-terminal aminoamide function of alpha and beta chains. Formaldehyde and acrolein produced a heterogeneous mixture of derivatives including cross-linked hemoglobin dimers. The greater proportion of modified hemoglobins produced by condensate aldehydes resembled those formed from acetaldehyde, the most abundant aldehyde in the condensate. A smaller fraction consisted of cross-linked hemoglobin dimers, presumably due to the action of formaldehyde. Mass spectrometric and HPLC analyses of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones precipitated from the condensate documented the presence of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, furfural, and methylfurfural. The toxicity of aldehydes is briefly discussed in the context of the findings of this study. PMID- 3236331 TI - Effects of cadmium-metallothionein on renal organic ion transport and lipid peroxidation in rats. AB - The effects of cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT) on organic ion uptake in renal cortical slices and lipid peroxidation in the kidney were studied in rats. For in vitro studies, slices were prepared from kidneys of control animals and incubated in buffer containing either cadmium chloride (CdCl2) or Cd-MT in equimolar Cd concentrations ranging from 5 x 10(-6) to 2 x 10(-4) M. Uptake into the slices of the organic anion p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) was found to be inhibited by both forms of Cd in a dose-dependent manner. Although this inhibition was slightly greater in the presence of Cd-MT, accumulation of Cd into the slices was approximately 12 times greater with CdCl2 than Cd-MT. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) uptake was less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of both CdCl2 and Cd-MT, although a dose-dependent inhibition did occur with higher Cd concentrations. To study the in vivo effects of Cd-MT on transport function and lipid peroxidation in the kidney, rats were injected with Cd-MT (0.3 mg Cd per kilogram body weight [bw]) and sacrificed at specific time intervals. Similar to the in vitro studies, PAH uptake into the renal cortical slices was markedly inhibited within 12 hours after Cd-MT injection whereas inhibition of TEA uptake was less and not observed until 48 hours after injection. Only a small increase (1.4-fold) in lipid peroxidation, as measured by generation of malondialdehyde (MDA), in the kidney was detected at four hours postinjection, and no further increase was observed at later time periods. The results suggest that Cd-MT affects the transport of organic anions and cations during its renal uptake but that lipid peroxidation may play only a minor role in Cd-MT-induced renal toxicity. PMID- 3236333 TI - Desensitization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by diisopropylfluorophosphate. AB - The interaction of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) with the nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor of Torpedo electric organ was studied, using [3H] phencyclidine ([3H]-PCP) as a reporter probe. Phencyclidine binds with different kinetics to resting, activated, and desensitized receptor conformations. Although DFP did not inhibit binding of [3H]-ACh or 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (BGT) to the receptor recognition sites and potentiated in a time-dependent manner [3H]-PCP binding to the receptor's high-affinity allosteric site, it inhibited the ACh- or carbamylcholine-stimulated [3H]-PCP binding. This suggested that DFP bound to a third kind of site on the receptor and affected receptor conformation. Preincubation of the membranes with DFP increased the receptor's affinity for carbamylcholine by eightfold and raised the pseudo-first-order rate of [3H]-PCP binding to that of an agonist-desensitized receptor. Accordingly, it is suggested that DFP induces receptor desensitization by binding to a site that is distinct from the recognition or high-affinity noncompetitive sites. PMID- 3236332 TI - Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the hepatic distribution of iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium in rats. AB - The distribution of iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium in hepatic subcellular fractions of male and female rats treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin (TCDD) was determined. Animals received 40 micrograms TCDD per kilogram per day for three days by mouth (po) or the vehicle and were killed seven or nine days posttreatment. Iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The iron content of liver from female animals was twofold higher than male animals. The administration of TCDD increased the iron content of mitochondria in female and male rats and decreased iron content of microsomes of both sexes. Significant increases occurred in the copper content of whole liver, mitochondria, and cytosol of male rats and in whole liver and cytosol of female rats. Decreases in the copper content of the microsomes of male rats were observed following TCDD treatment; however, TCDD produced no changes in the zinc content of hepatic subcellular fractions of either sex. The magnesium content of female TCDD-treated rats increased in whole liver, mitochondria, and cytosol, while the magnesium content of microsomes was not altered. With respect to the subcellular distribution of iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium, TCDD produces differential effects. The altered distribution of some cations may contribute to the broad range of effects of TCDD. PMID- 3236334 TI - Direct actions of organophosphate anticholinesterases on nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. AB - Four nerve agents and one therapeutic organophosphate (OP) anticholinesterase (anti-ChE) bind to acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, inhibit or modulate binding of radioactive ligands to these receptors, and modify events regulated by them. The affinity of nicotinic (n) ACh receptors of Torpedo electric organs and most muscarinic (m) ACh receptors of rat brain and N1E-115 neuroblastoma cultures for the OP compounds was usually two to three orders of magnitude lower than concentrations required to inhibit 50% (IC-50) of ACh-esterase activity. However, a small population of m-ACh receptors had an affinity as high as that of ACh esterase for the OP compound. This population is identified by its high-affinity [3H]-cis-methyldioxolane ([3H]-CD) binding. Although sarin, soman, and tabun had no effect, (O-ethyl S[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)] methyl phosphonothionate (VX) and echothiophate inhibited competitively the binding of [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]-QNB) and [3H]-pirenzepine ([3H]-PZ) to m-ACh receptors. However, VX was more potent than echothiophate in inhibiting this binding and 50-fold more potent in inhibiting carbamylcholine (carb)-stimulated [3H]-cGMP synthesis in N1E 115 neuroblastoma cells--both acting as m receptor antagonist. All five OPs inhibited [3H]-CD binding, with IC-50s of 3, 10, 40, 100, and 800 nM for VX, soman, sarin, echothiophate, and tabun, respectively. The OP anticholinesterases also bound to allosteric sites on the n-ACh receptor (identified by inhibition of [3H]-phencyclidine binding), but some bound as well to the receptor's recognition site (identified by inhibition of [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin binding). Soman and echothiophate in micromolar concentrations acted as partial agonists of the n-ACh receptor and induced receptor desensitization. On the other hand, VX acted as an open channel blocker of the activated receptor and also enhanced receptor desensitization. It is suggested that the toxicity of OP anticholinesterases may include their action on n-ACh as well as m-ACh receptors if their concentrations in circulation rise above micromolar levels. At nanomolar concentrations their toxicity is due mainly to their inhibition of ACh-esterase. However, at these low concentrations, many OP anticholinesterases (eg, VX and soman) may affect a small population of m-ACh receptors, which have a high affinity for CD. Such effects on m-ACh receptors may play an important role in the toxicity of certain OP compounds. PMID- 3236335 TI - Toluene-induced alterations in rat synaptosomal membrane composition and function. AB - Toluene is a widely used organic solvent that can produce acute central nervous system (CNS) effects. Since toluene reaches relatively high concentrations in the CNS and is extremely lipophilic, we investigated its effects on rat brain membrane composition and function. Toluene (1 g/kg, lh) did not alter total brain microsomal phospholipid (PL) or cholesterol (CL) content. However, synaptosomal PL was decreased (24%), while synaptosomal CL was unaltered. The PL/CL ratio, an indirect index of membrane fluidity, did not change, suggesting that toluene did not affect membrane fluidity. Fluorescence polarization studies employing 1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) showed that toluene did not alter synaptosomal membrane fluidity after administration in vivo (1 g/kg) or in vitro (0.5 to 5.0 mM). Dose-response and time-course studies showed that toluene maximally decreased synaptosomal PL after 1 g/kg, 1 h. The dose-response and time-course studies also showed that the toluene-induced decreases in PL were a result of specific decreases in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Since PE was decreased, we assessed whether toluene altered synaptosomal membrane function by investigating phospholipid methylation, a reaction which uses PE as its initial substrate. Toluene decreased the incorporation of methyl groups into lipid when [3H] methionine was used as the methyl donor, but did not affect methylation when [3H] adenosylmethionine was the methyl donor. These data suggest that toluene-induced specific decreases in synaptosomal PE and inhibition of phospholipid methylation may alter normal synaptic function and play a critical role in the mechanism(s) of action of toluene's CNS effects. PMID- 3236336 TI - Sex and strain differences in the hepatotoxic response to acute cocaine administration in the mouse. AB - Cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity was examined in vivo in a dose-responsive manner in C57BL/6Ibg, DBA/2Ibg, C3H/2Ibg, and Balb/cJ mice. Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activities were determined 24 hours after intraperitoneal (IP) administration of cocaine (20 to 100 mg/kg). Significant elevations (100- to 150-fold) in SGPT were observed in male mice receiving cocaine. Significant differences in sensitivity to cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity were found among males of the inbred strains, with Balb being most sensitive and C57BL being least sensitive and C3H and DBA strains exhibiting intermediate sensitivity. Female mice of the four inbred strains were more resistant than males to cocaine mediated hepatotoxicity, as indicated by only twofold to tenfold elevations in SGPT values. Among the females, sensitivity of the four inbred strains--as indicated by dose response curves--fell into two categories: the sensitive strains (C3H and C57BL) and the resistant strains (Balb and DBA). Pretreatment of males of the four inbred strains with the P-450 inducer phenobarbital resulted in enhancement of cocaine-mediated hepatotoxicity in the C57BL and Balb but not the C3H and DBA mice. Phenobarbital pretreatment of females of the four inbred strains resulted in enhancement of the hepatotoxic response to cocaine in the C3H, DBA, and Balb mice. Phenobarbital-pretreated C57BL females exhibited a 100% mortality rate after the acute cocaine dose, and thus no determination of hepatotoxicity could be established for them. These data demonstrate sex and strain differences in cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity and suggest that phenobarbital pretreatment does not uniformly enhance the hepatotoxicity of cocaine. PMID- 3236337 TI - Neonatal phenobarbital imprinting of rat hepatic microsomal testosterone hydroxylations. AB - The effects of neonatally administered phenobarbital (PB) on adult rat hepatic microsomal metabolism of testosterone were examined in 60-, 90-, and 120-day-old animals. Phenobarbital-induced imprinting was evident at all ages; however, female rats appeared to be more susceptible to the neonatal effects of phenobarbital than did male rats. In 60-day-old female rats, increased testosterone 2 alpha-hydroxylase activity was observed in microsomes from noninduced rats, whereas decreased testosterone oxidation at all positions except 2 alpha and 15 beta was observed in microsomes from Aroclor 1254-induced rats. The decreased oxidation of testosterone at specific sites in response to Aroclor 1254 induction was quite dramatic, decreasing the activities to near or below control levels. By contrast, phenobarbital-treated 60-day-old males exhibited approximately a twofold increase in Aroclor 1254-induced 16 alpha and 2 alpha hydroxylase activities. The pattern of changes in testosterone metabolism observed in phenobarbital-treated animals was different at both 90 and 120 days from that at 60 days. Only minor alterations in the oxidation of testosterone were observed in 90-day-old animals of either sex. In 120-day-old animals the greatest effects of neonatal phenobarbital exposure were on Aroclor 1254-induced 16 beta-hydroxylase activities. In induced female rats 16 beta-hydroxylase activity was again decreased to noninduced levels, while in induced male rats a fourfold increase in this activity was observed. The results demonstrate that neonatal exposure to phenobarbital can alter both constitutive and Aroclor 1254 induced testosterone metabolism in adult rats and that the effects of neonatal phenobarbital exposure are age and sex differentiated. PMID- 3236338 TI - Liver cell calcium homeostasis in carbon tetrachloride liver cell injury: new data with fura2. AB - The calcium fluorescent probe fura2 was used to measure concentration of free calcium in the cytosol of isolated rat hepatocytes in suspension. The resting level in untreated hepatocytes was 121 nM. On addition of CCl4 at a concentration of 0.5 mM, cytosolic free calcium rose sharply and reached a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) steady plateau level of about 190 nM within five minutes. With a concentration of 1.0 mM CCl4, cytosolic free calcium rose within ten minutes to a plateau level of about 200 nM. Use of fura2, along with the capacity of Mn2+ ions to effectively quench fura2 fluorescence, provided the basis for a simple and decisive method to determine whether the added CCl4 was permeabilizing the hepatocyte plasma membrane by direct solvent action. It was found that up to a concentration of 1.0 mM, CCl4 did not permeabilize the plasma membrane, but direct attack on the plasma membrane was unequivocally demonstrated for concentrations of 2 mM CCl4 and above. Finally, an hypothesis is presented for resolution of the puzzling dilemma that emerged from the observation, reported from two laboratories, that CCl4 can rapidly mobilize liver mitochondrial calcium despite the well-known relative resistance of these organelles to the damaging effects of this toxic agent. PMID- 3236339 TI - Investigations on the role of free radical processes in hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria in mice. AB - Male C57Bl/10 mice were chronically fed hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (0.02% of the diet) alone or in combination with a single subcutaneous dose of iron (12.5 mg iron per mouse). After eight weeks the group of mice pretreated with the iron overload was highly sensitized to the porphyrogenic effect of HCB, as shown by liver porphyrin accumulation. A synergistic effect of iron was evident on other parameters too, such as HCB-induced hepatic damage, activation of type O of xanthine oxidase, and decreased activity of copper zinc superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase(s). None of these parameters was affected by iron alone. Iron alone and in association with HCB markedly raised the level of lipid peroxides, the increase in the HCB group being smaller. The combined treatment resulted in a significant reduction of HCB's inductive effects on microsomal heme and cytochromes P-450 and b5 and on the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. The content of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups was reduced to the same extent in mice treated with HCB or HCB plus iron. The results suggest that reactive intermediates such as are formed by lipid peroxidation are not sufficient on their own to create the conditions for uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase impairment, as evident in the group of mice receiving iron overload alone. Conversely, HCB administration induced a specific condition of imbalance in the liver between formation and inactivation of reactive intermediates which was associated with hepatic porphyrin accumulation and was potentiated by concomitant administration of iron. PMID- 3236340 TI - Chromatographic and catalytic properties of multiple forms of rabbit pulmonary cytochromes P-450. AB - Rabbit pulmonary cytochrome P-450 forms 2, 5, and 6 were resolved using anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their properties compared with rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 isozymes LM2 and LM6. Although rabbit pulmonary form 2 and liver LM2 had similar electrophoretic mobilities and similar substrate specificities in reconstitution experiments, they differed in their HPLC elution profiles. High-performance liquid chromatography of pulmonary microsomes from rabbits treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) revealed the induction of form 6 isozyme, which had a retention time, electrophoretic mobility, and substrate specificity similar to those of rabbit liver LM6. In reconstitution experiments, forms 2 and 6 showed the highest substrate specificities toward benzphetamine and 7-ethoxyresorufin, respectively. Rabbit lung cytochrome P-450 form 5 was relatively inactive toward all substrates tested. PMID- 3236341 TI - Morphological and biochemical effects of gentamicin and cyclosporin-A on urinary cell phospholipids and phospholipases in man. AB - The morphology, lipid composition, and activity of sphingomyelinase (E.C. 3.1.4.12) and phospholipases A (E.C. 3.1.1.32) and C (E.C. 3.1.4.3) were studied in the urinary cells from four normal subjects, four patients receiving gentamicin (G), and four patients receiving cyclosporin-A (CsA). We report that abnormal urinary excretion of proximal tubular cells occurred in patients receiving G and CsA. Membrane-enclosed sudanophilic material and numerous vacuoles were found in the cytoplasm of the proximal tubular cells from both patients receiving G and those receiving CsA. Patients receiving G shed higher levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and sphingomyelin (SM) in the order of 78%, 38%, and 30% relative to normal. In contrast, the excretions of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and PC were 50% and 30% lower, respectively, in patients receiving CsA as compared to control. Sphingomyelin levels, however, were moderately elevated in these patients' urinary renal tubular cells. The activity of acid sphingomyelinase was one half the normal level in the cells of patients receiving G and CsA. The most striking result was a tenfold decrease in the activity of neutral sphingomyelinase in patients receiving G. In contrast, the activity of neutral sphingomyelinase in patients receiving CsA was similar to control. Phospholipase A activity was decreased and increased 35% and 15%, respectively, in urinary proximal tubular cells from patients receiving G and CsA. We conclude that deficient neutral sphingomyelinase activity precedes phospholipid (PL) overloading and gross pathological changes in patients receiving gentamicin but not in patients receiving cyclosporin-A. PMID- 3236342 TI - Assessment of arsenic effects on cytosolic heme status using tryptophan pyrrolase as an index. AB - Acute arsenic (As) administration produced in rat liver a decrease in the heme saturation of tryptophan pyrrolase (TP), accompanied by dose-related increases in 5-aminolevulinate synthetase (ALAS) and heme oxygenase (HO) activities, along with a corresponding decrease in cytochrome P-450 (P-450) concentration. The relationship between heme synthesis and degradation was altered as a result of As treatment. The magnitude of these effects was related to the oxidation state of arsenic, sodium arsenite (AsIII) being more potent than sodium arsenate (AsV). These results support the contention that the heme saturation of TP is sensitive to treatments that modify liver heme concentration. The increase in HO activity produced by As appears to be mediated by a mechanism largely or entirely independent of heme. The main effects of continuous exposure to AsIII were an initial decrease in the heme saturation of TP, which remained constant during the period of treatment, and an initial increase in ALAS activity, which after ten days of exposure dropped somewhat but remained above control values. No significant effects on HO or P-450 concentration were observed. These results were interpreted as indicative that a new balance between heme synthesis and degradation had been reached and that an adaptive response to the subchronic effects of AsIII was taking place. PMID- 3236343 TI - Genetic counselling, confidentiality, and the medical interests of relatives. PMID- 3236344 TI - Philosophy, medicine and its technologies. AB - There is a need to bring ethics and medical practice closer together, despite the risk and problems this may involve. Deontological ethics may promote sanctity of life considerations against the quality of life considerations favoured by consequentialists or utilitarians; while talk of respect for life and the value of life may point to more qualified ethical positions. This paper argues for a respect-for-life position, dismissing a utilitarian cost-benefit outlook as too simplistic; but an unqualified fixed principles approach is also ruled out, both because of its unacceptable consequences in individual cases and also because of its reliance on the slippery slope argument which, it is argued, is logically and psychologically deficient. The case of genetic engineering provides an example in which the notion of respect may operate, but in which broad general principles also apply. A cautious conservatism towards accepted principles is recommended in the development of medical technologies. PMID- 3236345 TI - Psychiatry and the death penalty. AB - Mentally ill people are not to be judged by the same rules as the mentally fit. Prisoners evaluated medically unfit for execution must undergo psychiatric treatment until their mental health is restored. Psychiatrists are placed in an ethical dilemma when asked to judge the mental health of prisoners on death row. A high prevalence of psychiatric and neurological disorders are reported on death row. Health professionals have an important role in implementing codes of ethics prohibiting any involvement in the execution process. Resolutions have already been passed by several associations including the World Medical Association, the American Psychiatric Association and Nordic medical associations. PMID- 3236346 TI - The autonomy of demented patients: interviews with caregivers. AB - Tape-recorded semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 nursing aides and enrolled nurses in the geriatric clinic in Umea, Sweden. The interviews focused on the difference between the care of demented and non-demented patients and ethical conflicts in dementia care. The results indicate that caregivers have problems in providing the demented patients with opportunities to act autonomously in everyday matters on the ward, mainly due to the difficulty of understanding what the patients wish and the fact that their wishes, when understood, often seem irrational. Measures to provide the demented patients with more opportunities to act autonomously in everyday matters are suggested. PMID- 3236347 TI - Ethics of cancer management from the patient's perspective. AB - The face of cancer treatment is changing and the patient is both living longer and is increasingly able to articulate the problems of painful illness and look for solutions to problems which cannot be solved by technological advances. The cancer patient, like others, is looking towards the self-help movement to help him achieve a better quality of life. The doctor-patient relationship can be improved for both by a franker look at the present situation, the needs of the patient, the family, and those without family, especially in relation to cancer and its cultural connotations. Self-help groups provide the support so often lacking in cancer management (including continuity), and a peer group within which adjustment needed to bring about the change in lifestyle required is achieved. Death need not be a word which is taboo, nor cancer a word which means Death. This is useful for doctor and patient alike. PMID- 3236348 TI - Animals, handicapped children and the tragedy of marginal cases. AB - There are human beings whose psychological capacities are rivalled or exceeded by many non-human animals; such humans are often referred to as 'marginal cases'. R G Frey has argued that there is no secure, non-arbitrary way of morally distinguishing between marginal humans and non-human animals. Hence, if the benefits of vivisection justify such painful and lethal procedures being performed on animals, so is the vivisection of marginal humans justified. This is a conclusion Frey is driven to with 'great reluctance', but which he can see no way to avoid. This paper points out a feature of the condition of marginal humans unnoticed by Frey and his critics: such humans have suffered a tragic harm. It points towards an analysis of this harm, in terms of counterfactuals holding for marginal humans but not for psychologically equivalent animals. Finally, it discusses the moral implications of the harm that such humans have suffered, and argues that it serves as the basis of a defence for preferring humans to non humans in cases of morally inescapable conflict. PMID- 3236349 TI - Ethical aspects of genetic disease and genetic counselling. AB - With the reduction in diseases due to nutritional deficiencies and infection, disorders which are wholly or partly genetic are becoming relatively more important in all branches of modern medicine. Genetic counselling has developed in recent years from just explaining to an individual or a couple the risk of them producing a handicapped child, to the possibility in many cases of better diagnosis and active intervention to reduce the risks. At the same time antenatal screening programmes have been introduced to detect women who may be carrying a fetus with a severe handicapping anomaly. The ethical aspects of these advances are considered in this article. A practical approach to the resolution of any dilemmas is proposed which concentrates on the duties incumbent on doctors and other health care workers involved with patients who have or may carry genetic disorders. PMID- 3236350 TI - When caesarean section operations imposed by a court are justified. AB - Court-ordered caesarean sections against the explicit wishes of the pregnant woman have been criticised as violations of the woman's fundamental right to autonomy and to the inviolability of the person--particularly, so it is argued, because the fetus in utero is not yet a person. This paper examines the logic of this position and argues that once the fetus has passed a certain stage of neurological development it is a person, and that then the whole issue becomes one of balancing of rights: the right-to-life of the fetal person against the right to autonomy and inviolability of the woman; and that the fetal right usually wins. PMID- 3236351 TI - Chromosome subband 17p11.2 deletion: a minute deletion syndrome. AB - Interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 17 was detected in three unrelated patients with mental retardation and multiple congenital malformations. These patients were identified at a single centre over a six month period suggesting that del(17) (p11.2p11.2) is not a rare constitutional chromosome rearrangement. Comparison of the phenotypic features in a total of 19 patients with del(17)(p11.2p11.2) shows a consistent clinical phenotype with moderate to severe mental retardation, microbrachycelphaly, prominent forehead, broad face, flat midface, prognathism, short, broad hands, and behavioural anomalies such as self-mutilation. The sex ratio is unremarkable, parental ages are normal, and survival is usually unimpaired. Chromosome resolution of at least 500 bands appears necessary to detect this deletion. PMID- 3236352 TI - A progressive cone-rod dystrophy and amelogenesis imperfecta: a new syndrome. AB - Twenty-nine members of an extended Arab family from the Gaza Strip were found to be affected with cone-rod dystrophy and amelogenesis imperfecta, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. PMID- 3236353 TI - Autosomal dominant isolated ('uncomplicated') microcephaly. AB - A large family (13 affected members in three generations) is reported in which isolated microcephaly occurred without any other dysmorphic or neurological abnormalities. The family pedigree confirms the autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance, including one example of male to male transmission and the occurrence of a non-manifesting heterozygote resulting in a 'skipped generation'. There is considerable variation in the phenotypic expression of autosomal dominant microcephaly. This isolated (uncomplicated) type of microcephaly should be distinguished from other well defined, dominantly inherited forms of microcephaly. PMID- 3236354 TI - Hirschsprung's disease, hypoplastic nails, and minor dysmorphic features: a distinct autosomal recessive syndrome? AB - Three children are reported, a male and female sib pair of Sikh origin and a male child who was the offspring of first cousin Pakistani Muslims, with Hirschsprung's disease, hypoplastic nails, and similar minor dysmorphic features. We consider that they represent a distinct autosomal recessive syndrome. PMID- 3236355 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of beta thalassaemia by oligonucleotide analysis in Mediterranean populations. AB - We have used four oligonucleotide probes and two restriction enzymes to detect the beta thalassaemia mutation in a group of 61 couples of Italian descent who were prospective parents. We have been able to define the beta thalassaemia mutation in both parents in 47 couples and in only one parent in 12 couples. Prenatal diagnosis was accomplished successfully either by amniocyte (two) or trophoblast (26) DNA analysis in 28 couples in which the pregnancy was in progress. These results indicate that direct identification of the mutation by oligonucleotide or restriction endonuclease analysis is a practical and useful method for prenatal diagnosis of beta thalassaemia in childless couples. PMID- 3236357 TI - Counselling for prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell disease and beta thalassaemia major: a four year experience. AB - A non-directive programme of prenatal counselling was used during a four year period. Forty-three couples at risk for having a baby with a haemoglobinopathy were identified. Prenatal diagnosis was offered in 19 pregnancies to 14 couples at risk of having a baby with sickle cell anaemia and in two pregnancies in two couples at risk of a baby with beta thalassaemia major, who presented before the 18th week of pregnancy. Six couples at risk for sickle cell anaemia accepted prenatal diagnosis in 10 pregnancies, as did both couples at risk for thalassaemia. Couples who were eligible for prenatal diagnosis but refused it tended not to have been informed about sickle cell disease before counselling, one partner was more frequently absent at the time of the initial counselling session, or they either had no children with sickle cell disease or the children were not severely affected. Other factors influencing their decision included a poor obstetric history and rejection of abortion, mainly on moral grounds. The approximately 50% uptake of prenatal diagnosis in this initial study highlights the complex issues involved. Our experience indicates that with systematic screening and counselling in the antenatal clinic, and with increased awareness of the haemoglobinopathies, couples at risk will be in a better position to make informed decisions. PMID- 3236356 TI - Beta thalassaemia mutations in Turkish Cypriots. AB - Using oligonucleotide hybridisation or restriction endonuclease analysis, we have characterised the molecular defect in 94 patients with thalassaemia major and four with thalassaemia intermedia of Turkish Cypriot descent. We found that four mutations, namely beta+ IVS-1 nt 110, beta zero IVS-1 nt, beta+ IVS-1 nt 6, and beta+ IVS-2 nt 745 were prevalent, accounting for 69.9%, 11.7%, 8.7%, and 5.6% respectively of the beta thalassaemia chromosomes. This information may help in the organisation of a large scale prevention programme based on fetal diagnosis of beta thalassaemia by DNA analysis in the Turkish population. PMID- 3236358 TI - Long arm deletion of chromosome 22. PMID- 3236359 TI - Pubertal development in partial trisomy 14q. PMID- 3236360 TI - Familial transmission of autosomal whole arm translocation. PMID- 3236361 TI - Reserpine is not a human teratogen. PMID- 3236362 TI - Hypomelanosis of Ito: a manifestation of mosaicism or chimerism. AB - We describe three patients with the cutaneous manifestations of hypomelanosis of Ito. Two, with unusual abnormalities of their toes, had a mixture of diploid and triploid cells in cultured skin fibroblasts. The published clinical descriptions of hypomelanosis of Ito and diploid-triploid mosaicism are reviewed. Chromosome heteromorphisms, HLA types, and DNA fingerprints were studied in an attempt to elucidate the origin of the disease in our patients. We conclude that hypomelanosis of Ito is a manifestation of a heterogeneous group of disorders, the common factor being the presence of two genetically different cell lines. It can result from chromosomal mosaicism or chimerism, from a postzygotic mutation, or from X inactivation. The risk of recurrence is negligible if the proband is a male; if the proband is female the risk is also low but an X linked mutation must be considered. PMID- 3236363 TI - Reproductive behaviour and consistent patterns of abnormality in offspring of Vietnam veterans. AB - In view of the persistent claim of Australian Vietnam veterans that their health and that of their children were adversely affected, aspects of reproductive behaviour and the distribution of disease and disability in family units were investigated in a sample of Tasmanian veterans and another group chosen for comparison of selected characteristics. One third of veterans reported serious health problems and their reproductive behaviour differed with more marital breakdowns, increased use of reproductive alternatives, and more complications of pregnancy. Patterns of malformation and disease among veterans' children involved predominantly the central nervous, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems. A similar pattern was detected on review of the three other major investigations on veterans' offspring in the USA and Australia. Although plausible mechanisms remain unknown, the evidence from all available studies supports a causal contribution to defects in veterans' children from a paternally mediated genetic effect. PMID- 3236364 TI - A syndrome of epilepsy, dementia, and amelogenesis imperfecta: genetic and clinical features. AB - A family is described with six members affected by a syndrome of epilepsy, dementia, and amelogenesis imperfecta (Kohlschutter's syndrome). An autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance is established for this disorder. PMID- 3236365 TI - Congenital spinal deformity in a three generation family. AB - Short stature resulting from spinal deformity in three generations of a family is reported. Multiple vertebral anomalies were found in the proband and are the probable underlying cause of the severe scoliosis seen in the adult members. The pattern of inheritance suggests that an autosomal dominant gene is responsible for this condition, but it may well be the same gene that causes the dominant form of spondylocostal dysostosis, this family representing one end of the spectrum with mild rib changes. The clinical features of spondylocostal dysostosis are reviewed. PMID- 3236366 TI - Dyskeratosis congenita. PMID- 3236368 TI - Interstitial deletion 2q32.1----q34 in a child with half normal activity of ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase (RPE). AB - High resolution banding analysis showed a de novo interstitial deletion, 46,XX, del(2) (q32.1q34), in a malformed and severely mentally retarded girl aged nine years. Biochemical studies showed that the proband had half normal activities of both erythrocyte isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) and ribulose 5-phosphate 3 epimerase (RPE). It is suggested that the gene for RPE is located on the segment 2q32.1----q34. PMID- 3236367 TI - Localisation of human alpha globin to 16p13.3----pter. AB - A female child with alpha thalassaemia trait, moderate mental retardation, and dysmorphic features has inherited an abnormal chromosome 16 complement as a result of the unbalanced segregation of a maternal balanced translocation. Cytogenetic analysis indicates that the patient is monosomic for 16p13.3----pter and trisomic for 10q26.13----qter. DNA studies show that the patient has not inherited either maternal alpha globin allele. This accounts for the alpha thalassaemia trait in the child and places the human alpha globin complex in band 16p13.3----pter. PMID- 3236369 TI - Apparent monosomy 21 owing to a ring 21 chromosome: parental origin revealed by DNA analysis. AB - A three and a half year old mildly retarded boy is presented. Karyotyping showed monosomy 21 (45,XY,-21) in all 50 metaphase spreads examined from two lymphocyte cultures, and in 20% of cells examined from cultured fibroblasts; the remaining 80% of cells showed a ring 21 chromosome (46,XY,r(21)(p1q22]. Molecular studies using chromosome 21 specific DNA probes confirmed the monosomy in blood and showed that the ring 21 chromosome was paternal in origin. Parental karyotypes were normal. PMID- 3236370 TI - Is geroderma osteodysplastica underdiagnosed? AB - A girl with mild geroderma osteodysplastica is reported in order to raise the profile of this autosomal recessive condition which may be underdiagnosed. The important signs of this syndrome include a droopy, jowly face with a degree of malar hypoplasia and mandibular prognathism, lax, but non-hyperelastic skin, most marked over the extremities, and osteoporosis which may be associated with fractures and vertebral collapse. PMID- 3236371 TI - Achondroplasia in sibs of normal parents. AB - A new case of recurrent achondroplasia in sibs of normal parents is reported. Two sisters and a half sister were affected. Various mechanisms can be postulated to account for unexpected recurrence of achondroplasia in the same sibship. Germinal mosaicism and unstable premutation are discussed here. PMID- 3236372 TI - Sensorimotor intelligence in severely mentally handicapped children. AB - The pattern of cognitive development in severely mentally handicapped children was assessed with the Uzgiris-Hunt (1975) Scales of Infant Psychological Development, which measure pre-verbal sensorimotor intelligence. The normative data on which Uzgiris & Hunt constructed the Scales were used for the comparison. The results indicated considerable deficits in the handicapped children, particularly in imitation. PMID- 3236373 TI - Adaptation of the Zung self-rating anxiety scale for people with a mental handicap. AB - There are few instances of studies which elicit mentally handicapped subjects' views of their own anxiety. This may be because the assessments available are inappropriate and poorly understood by the client group. The present study sets out to adapt the Zung self-rating anxiety scale for use with mentally handicapped subjects. Items were rephrased to ensure understanding, although a small degree of standardization may have been lost in this process. Similarly, response presentations were altered to ensure a reliable understanding on behalf of subjects. It was found that a simple response concerning presence or absence of the anxiety symptom was most reliable. PMID- 3236374 TI - Referral of mentally handicapped patients to the psychiatrist: a community study. AB - In a retrospective study, 98 consecutive psychiatric referrals of mentally handicapped persons living in the community were examined. By far the commonest cause of referral was behaviour disturbance, followed by requests for disposal, placement or respite care. The referring agents were mostly general practitioners and social workers. Factors affecting the pattern of referral such as degree of mental retardation and life events are discussed. PMID- 3236376 TI - Understanding the effects of fear-arousing communications: the role of cognitive factors and amount of fear aroused. AB - This paper reports an experimental study investigating the role of cognitive factors and fear in mediating the effects of "fear-arousing" health threat communications. Seventy-seven cigarette smokers were shown either a videotape about smoking or a control videotape on a different health topic before completing a questionnaire assessing their intentions to try to quit, the level of fear aroused, and three cognitive factors: (a) probability difference (perceived reduction in risk of health damage that follows from successful cessation), (b) utility of health damage, and (c) confidence. The smoking videotape influenced probability difference, utility, intentions, and follow-up reports of attempts at cessation. As predicted, both probability difference and utility influenced intention, which in turn influenced behavior. Neither confidence nor the amount of fear aroused by the videotape had significant effects on intention. PMID- 3236377 TI - Longitudinal changes in adolescent cigarette smoking behavior: onset and cessation. AB - Employing a 1-year longitudinal design, this study examined factors related to change in adolescent smoking. Predictors of smoking onset differed from predictors of continued smoking, underscoring the importance of studying factors related to adolescent smoking onset separately from mechanisms associated with changes in smoking among current smokers. Peer smoking predicted continuation of smoking after smoking initiation. Smokers received over 26 times more offers to smoke than did nonsmokers, suggesting that smokers attempting to quit need effective refusal skills to be successful. Habitual smoking was found to develop slowly, providing a substantial time window for refusal skill training and other prevention efforts. Predictors of smoking onset differed by developmental level. Peer smoking, and marijuana use were stronger predictors of smoking onset for high-school students, and number of cigarette offers predicted better among middle-school students. Parent variables were not significant predictors of later smoking. Intention to smoke was unrelated to onset and was redundant with pretest smoking behavior in predicting cessation. PMID- 3236375 TI - A biopsychosocial model of medical student distress. AB - Medical student distress was examined in two consecutive first-year classes (N = 312) in September, before they interacted with the school regimen, and again in May before exams. Anxiety means were one SD above the normative mean for nonpatients at both times. The number of students reporting a significant level of depression doubled from September (N = 36) to May (N = 78). The correlation of distress in September and May was .40, indicating that for many students distress was enduring. A biopsychosocial model of initial distress explained more variance (36%) in the cross-validation sample than did any one variable alone. Distressed students had higher Type A scores. Also, anger held in was a risk factor for distress in students with a family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Students who hold anger in may experience prolonged stress which, coupled with a family history of CVD, could make them psychobiologically vulnerable to distress. PMID- 3236379 TI - The use of successive blood-pressure measurements to estimate blood-pressure variability. AB - Multiple daily, self-determined blood-pressure measurements were obtained from 254 hypertensive patients for 1 month. In an effort to establish a practical and reliable technique for estimating blood-pressure variability, standard deviations from three (at one time of day) or nine (throughout the day) successive self determinations were compared with a reference value, taken to be the standard deviation for the entire month (252 determinations per subject). Neither the standard deviation of three measures taken on one occasion nor that of nine measures taken throughout the day correlated well with the reference value (average R3 = .21 for SBP, .20 for DBP; average R9 = .39 for SBP, .38 for DBP). However, when a sample consisting of 12 measures (taken three at a time, at the same time of day, weekly for 4 weeks) was used, the average correlation rose to .60 for SBP and .54 for DBP. Thus, it appears that 12 samples taken in this way provide a reliable estimate of the standard deviation for an entire month, and it is suggested that this sampling technique also would enhance the reliability of conclusions drawn from assessments of the prognostic value of blood-pressure variability. PMID- 3236378 TI - Saliva cotinine and thiocyanate: chemical indicators of smokeless tobacco and cigarette use in adolescents. AB - Recent attempts to measure smoking behavior using chemical tests may have been confounded by the use of smokeless tobacco. An objective measure of smokeless tobacco use is needed, particularly among adolescents who may not provide accurate self-reports of tobacco usage. Saliva cotinine was used to distinguish self-reported tobacco users from nonusers and a combination of saliva cotinine and thiocyanate (SCN) tests was used to distinguish smokers from smokeless tobacco users. The subjects were 471 students in grades 7 through 11 who lived in a high-tobacco production area. Approximately 89% of reported nonusers had no detectable cotinine and 99% of nonusers had levels less than 25 ng/ml. Of those who had used tobacco within the last 12 hr, 95% had detectable levels of cotinine. Samples that tested positive for cotinine were also tested for SCN. Eighty-six percent of smokers and 74% of mixed users had SCN values of greater than 1000 mumol/liter, while only 14% of smokeless users had SCN values at that level. The combination of cotinine and SCN was effective in distinguishing smokers from smokeless users but was not effective in distinguishing mixed use from the other two types of use. PMID- 3236380 TI - A comparison of the Fishbein and Ajzen and the Triandis attitudinal models for the prediction of exercise intention and behavior. AB - The main purpose of the study was to compare the efficiency of the Fishbein and Ajzen and the Triandis models to predict (1) the intention to participate regularly in some physical activities during free time within a 3-week period and (2) the exercise behavior within these 3 weeks among a group of 166 subjects, aged 22 to 65 years. Our results show that the Triandis model was as efficient as the Fishbein and Ajzen model in predicting the exercise behavior. However, the results obtained from the Triandis model demonstrate the importance of the habit of exercising in predicting the exercise behavior. Moreover, the Triandis model was superior to the Fishbein and Ajzen model in explaining behavioral intention. Of particular interest was the salience of the affective, social, and personal belief components of the Triandis model. In addition, from a practical perspective, this comparative study showed that (1) to exercise regularly is perceived as hard work, and (2) individuals believe that it is their own responsibility to exercise or not to exercise. PMID- 3236381 TI - Psychometric properties of a Children's Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist. AB - The psychometric properties of the Children's Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist, developed for this study, were examined. When administered to 196 sixth-, seventh , and eighth-grade students who ranged in age from 11 to 14 years (M = 12.1, SD = .94), the scale items demonstrated a good internal consistency. Item-total correlations were generally significant and exceeded .60, and a coefficient alpha of .83 was obtained. Results of a factor analysis indicated that 70% of the total variance was accounted for by the first factor, best interpreted as general psychosomatic distress. Divergent validity was additionally demonstrated through only modest correlations with measures of anxiety and depression. Use of the checklist is discussed. PMID- 3236382 TI - Cardiovascular effects of human-pet dog interactions. AB - Recent research on human-dog interactions showed that talking to and petting a dog are accompanied by lower blood pressure (BP) in the person than human conversation. To clarify whether cognition, conditioning, or tactual contact exerted the major influence in this so-called "pet effect," 60 male and female undergraduates with either positive or neutral attitudes toward dogs interacted with a dog tactually, verbally, and visually while BP and heart rate were recorded automatically. Results revealed that (a) subjects' BP levels were lowest during dog petting, higher while talking to the dog, and highest while talking to the experimenter and (b) subjects' heart rates were lower while talking or touching the dog and higher while both touching and talking to the dog. Touch appeared to be major component of the pet effect, while cognitive factors contributed to a lesser degree. Implications for coping with hypertension are discussed, and suggestions for further research are stated. PMID- 3236383 TI - Increasing adherence to behavioral homework assignments. AB - Behavior change through psychotherapy is frequently accomplished through the use of homework assignments conducted by patients between treatment sessions. There has been little attention directed at adherence to such behavioral prescriptions. This study compares the effects of Verbal versus Written behavioral prescriptions on recall of self-reported adherence to therapeutic homework assignments. Thirty subjects were randomly assigned to the Verbal and Written conditions in a counterbalanced, within-subjects, crossover design. Written prescriptions led to significantly better recall of and adherence to homework assignments. PMID- 3236384 TI - Regional myocyte size in two-kidney, one clip renal hypertension. AB - Regional variations in the size and shape of isolated myocytes were studied using the two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) renal model of hypertension. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats (50 to 75 g) were anesthetized by ketamine (100 mg/kg) during renal artery clipping (0.2 mm internal diameter silver clip) and were then allowed to grow for 6 to 8 weeks, when the blood pressure had stabilized at 180 mmHg. Hearts were removed, weighed and then were perfused with a calcium-free Joklik medium containing collagenase. Isolated myocytes were collected from five regions and fixed in isoosmolar glutaraldehyde: right ventricular free wall (RVFW), right and left halves of the interventricular septum (RIVS, LIVS), and epicardial and endocardial halves of the left ventricular free wall (LEPI, LENDO). Myocyte volume was measured by Coulter Counter. Myocyte length was measured by sonic digitizer. Cross-sectional area was calculated from myocyte volume and length. Tailcuff systolic pressure and heart weight were significantly increased in 2K1C rats as compared to control. Body weights were not different. Cell volume was significantly increased in RIVS, LIVS, LEPI, and LENDO, but not in RVFW. Cell length was not significantly increased in any region. Thus, the 2K1C model showed a predominant left ventricular hypertrophy in which the right half of the septum acted in concert with the left ventricle. The shape of the hypertrophied myocytes, having an increase in volume due to an increase in cross sectional area but not length, was most consistent with a pressure-induced form of cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 3236385 TI - Electrophysiologic and mechanical properties of single feline RV and LV myocytes. AB - With the advent of techniques to isolate large numbers of single adult mammalian ventricular myocytes, it has become possible to determine whether, as a result of the different pressure loading of the right and left ventricles (RV and LV), RV and LV myocytes differ in electromechanical properties. We studied the morphology, contraction and electrophysiology of the L-type slow inward calcium current (Isi) in isolated adult feline RV and LV myocytes. The maximum width of LV myocytes was slightly greater than for RV myocytes (25.9 +/- 7.0 microns vs. 25.1 +/- 7.9 microns, P = 0.05), but RV and LV myocytes did not differ significantly in maximum length or two-dimensional surface area. RV and LV myocytes did not differ significantly in the extent of shortening or rates of shortening and relaxation. The voltage dependence of activation and inactivation and the time course of activation and recovery from inactivation of Isi also did not differ significantly between RV and LV myocytes. We conclude that despite the different pressure loads on the RV and LV, single myocytes from either ventricle have similar physiologic properties. PMID- 3236386 TI - Psychotherapy of nine successfully treated cocaine abusers: techniques and dynamics. AB - The author reviews a series of nine cocaine abusers successfully treated with long-term, in-depth, dynamic psychotherapy begun on an inpatient drug abuse unit and continued after hospitalization. He finds his patients to have been victims of unrecognized psychological trauma in childhood. He argues that the cocaine abuse, in addition to functioning as a form of self-medication, was functioning as a component of a repetition compulsion in which old psychological traumas were symbolically recreated in the post-drug dysphoria. In a retrospective assessment, the author delineates four steps he used in the treatment process: 1) he looked for traumatic or abusive conditions; 2) he established emotional contact; 3) he helped the patient to appreciate how the abuse had affected him; 4) he helped the patient to master the traumatic experiences. A clinical vignette and the relevant literature on the psychodynamics of cocaine abuse are discussed. PMID- 3236387 TI - Disulfiram use at hospital-based and free-standing alcoholism treatment centers. AB - Disulfiram (Antabuse) is one method for treating alcoholism, despite controversy over its clinical effectiveness. This study examines the hypothesis that hospital based alcoholism treatment centers would use disulfiram more frequently than free standing centers in the New York City metropolitan area. A large variation in percentage of patients receiving disulfiram was observed (0%-97%) in both settings. The use of disulfiram at hospital-based centers (27%) was not statistically different from that at free-standing centers (34%). Demography, alternate types of alcoholism treatment offered, and number of physicians on staff did not significantly affect disulfiram use. Personal views of disulfiram by the program director or treating physician were more important determinants of disulfiram use than type of treatment facility. Further study of factors influencing the use of disulfiram by type of alcoholism center may facilitate appropriate referral of patients who may benefit from disulfiram treatment. PMID- 3236388 TI - Acceptance of HIV-antibody testing by persons seeking outpatient treatment for cocaine abuse. AB - One hundred of 101 applicants for outpatient treatment for cocaine abuse consented to voluntary HIV-antibody testing when the testing was offered as an option within the medical assessment at intake. Twelve applicants tested HIV antibody positive; eight of these had injected drugs parenterally with syringes and needles used by other addicts and four had never taken drugs intravenously. There were no significant differences between HIV-antibody positive and negative applicants regarding the percentages who completed the evaluation, began treatment, and completed four weeks of treatment. A subgroup of 48 patients were interviewed regarding their knowledge of HIV infection, AIDS, and risk factors associated with transmission of HIV. All 48 patients had heard of HIV, AIDS, and recommendations that they use condoms as well as clean syringes and needles. None of the 48 patients reported that they used condoms; 10 reported reduced sexual activity and number of sexual partners; and none of those who shared needles reported that they had discontinued sharing other addicts' drug paraphernalia. The authors conclude that on-site, voluntary HIV-antibody testing for drug abusing patients entering treatment appears feasible and is not a deterrent to persons entering and continuing in treatment for drug abuse. The finding that persons at risk for HIV infection have knowledge of risk factors and have not changed risk-taking behaviors associated with HIV contagion points out the urgent need for further education and counseling. PMID- 3236389 TI - Group psychotherapy with methadone-maintained pregnant women. AB - This article describes a group model of treatment for methadone-maintained pregnant women. Its purpose is to help health care providers alter their own stereotypical attitude toward this population by highlighting the beneficial aspects of group psychotherapy. Special emphasis is placed on developing a comprehensive care program with a biopsychosocial orientation. PMID- 3236390 TI - Alcoholic and spouse concordance on attributions about relapse to drinking. AB - The purpose of this paper is to report a descriptive study of the degree of concordance between male alcoholics' and their wives' perceptions of the alcoholics' relapse to drinking within two years of their participation in an outcome study of behavioral marital therapy for alcoholism. At the end of a two year follow-up period, the 23 alcoholics who had relapsed and their wives were independently interviewed. The results showed that both the alcoholics and their spouses reported both intrapsychic and situational determinants of the relapses. Among types of determinants, the situational spouse was reported disproportunately more often by patients and disproportunately less often by spouses. Furthermore, the concordance between patient and spouse reports was low. Use of these findings for marital therapy in the treatment of alcohol abuse is discussed. PMID- 3236391 TI - An instrument for treatment progress and matching: the recovery attitude and treatment evaluator (RAATE). AB - Clinicians are under increasing pressure to contain costs and to justify their triage decisions and addiction treatment settings to third party payors. Treatment-effectiveness research points to the need for better patient/treatment matching decisions and systems of care. The Recovery Attitude and Treatment Evaluator (RAATE) is an instrument to develop a profile of the severity of the patient's illness. It is a clinically useful, chemical-dependency-specific, comprehensive but efficient instrument to help classify patients, define admission and utilization review criteria, match patients to the appropriate level of care, and measure treatment progress. The RAATE can be used by clinicians, health care managers and researchers in the chemical dependency treatment field, which lacks a common "language" for comparing patient populations, describing treatment progress, and communicating across disciplines. PMID- 3236392 TI - MMPI subtypes for chronic phencyclidine (PCP) abusers. AB - The present study applied empirical clustering procedures to the MMPI protocols of 196 chronic phencyclidine (PCP) abusers. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, and two methods of cluster analysis, the average linkage method and Ward's hierarchical procedure, were performed. Both cluster methods produced highly comparable results within each group, and the MMPI profiles found in each group were quite similar. Cluster analytic studies of other substance abuse populations are needed in order to replicate the MMPI profile types found in the present study. These investigations would lead to an empirical typology across various substance abuse populations that would depict developmental stages. PMID- 3236393 TI - Women at risk for ovarian cancer. PMID- 3236394 TI - Alcohol drinking. IARC Working Group, Lyon, 13-20 October 1987. PMID- 3236395 TI - [DNR in the ICU]. PMID- 3236396 TI - [Perioperative fluid therapy in children]. PMID- 3236397 TI - [Conjunctival PO2 may demonstrate low peripheral perfusion in the hypovolemic dog]. PMID- 3236398 TI - [Interactions between platelet activating factor and leukotrienes during endotoxin shock in the rat]. PMID- 3236399 TI - [A comparative study of the depressive effects of halothane and sevoflurane on medullary respiratory neurons in cats]. PMID- 3236400 TI - [The effect of removal of the organs in the splanchnic area on the biodegradation of halothane in dogs]. PMID- 3236401 TI - [Glucose and lipid metabolism during open cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3236402 TI - [The effect of halothane on the somato-sympathetic reflex]. PMID- 3236403 TI - [Intraoperative color flow mapping by real-time two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography in the monitoring of hemodynamics]. PMID- 3236404 TI - [A case report of anesthesia in cesarean section of a patient with an old myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3236405 TI - [A case of reflex sympathetic dystrophy following an emergency abdominal operation]. PMID- 3236406 TI - [How to build an FM wireless stethoscope for anesthesiologists]. PMID- 3236407 TI - [Development of extra nodal lymphoma]. PMID- 3236408 TI - [Treatment of multiple myeloma: renal function in relation to its prognosis]. PMID- 3236409 TI - [Platelet antigen recognized by anti-platelet antibody in two cases of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3236411 TI - [Coagulation study before onset of disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 3236410 TI - [The pattern of response to chemotherapy and prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3236412 TI - [Quantitative analysis of crosslinked fibrin degradation products (XDP) in several diseases]. PMID- 3236413 TI - [Serial spectral EEG analysis in children treated with intermediate-dose methotrexate (ID-MTX)]. PMID- 3236414 TI - [Hypercoagulability during the recovery period of leukocyte count after chemotherapy]. PMID- 3236415 TI - [A case report of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy accompanying pancytopenia and bone marrow fibrosis]. PMID- 3236416 TI - [Nuclear lobulation in the plasma cells of a patient with multiple myeloma (Bence Jones type)]. PMID- 3236417 TI - [Long-term survival of two patients with Burkitt's lymphoma treated by surgical resection and intensive chemotherapy]. PMID- 3236418 TI - [T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia in an XYY male, with familial occurrence of leukemia]. PMID- 3236419 TI - [Successful operation against appendicitis in a patient with severe aplastic anemia]. PMID- 3236420 TI - [Transformation of ALL to acute mixed leukemia]. PMID- 3236421 TI - [Interstitial nephritis developed during maintenance chemotherapy in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3236423 TI - [Abnormal karyotype, t(9;13)(q34;q12) in a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3236422 TI - [Acute graft-versus-host disease in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia following consolidation therapy and platelet transfusions]. PMID- 3236424 TI - [Metabolism of ethanol and influencing factors]. PMID- 3236425 TI - [Genetic background of alcohol metabolism enzymes]. PMID- 3236426 TI - [Pharmacology of ethanol]. PMID- 3236427 TI - [Problems in diagnostic criteria and classification of alcoholism]. PMID- 3236428 TI - [Epidemiologic study of alcoholism]. PMID- 3236429 TI - [Acute alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 3236430 TI - [Central nervous system diseases associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236431 TI - [Cerebrovascular disturbances associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236432 TI - [Heart diseases associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236433 TI - [Upper gastrointestinal diseases associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236435 TI - [Pancreatic diseases associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236434 TI - [Clinical study of ethanol-induced liver injuries]. PMID- 3236436 TI - [Hematopoietic disorders associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236437 TI - [Glucose metabolism disorders associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236438 TI - [Amino acid and protein metabolism disorders in alcoholism]. PMID- 3236439 TI - [Lipid metabolism disorders in alcoholism]. PMID- 3236440 TI - [Water-electrolyte and acid-base imbalance associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236441 TI - [Calcium, phosphate and magnesium metabolism disorders associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236442 TI - [Vitamin deficiency associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236443 TI - [Uric acid metabolism disorders associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236445 TI - [Trace metal metabolism disorders associated with alcoholism]. PMID- 3236444 TI - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in alcoholism]. PMID- 3236446 TI - [The general concept of alcoholism]. PMID- 3236447 TI - [Alcohol withdrawal syndrome]. PMID- 3236448 TI - [Early diagnosis of alcoholism]. PMID- 3236449 TI - [Preventive countermeasures in alcoholism and their prognosis]. PMID- 3236450 TI - [Alcohol drinking and sexual functions]. PMID- 3236451 TI - [Alcohol-induced Cushing syndrome]. PMID- 3236452 TI - [Alcohol drinking and drug metabolism]. PMID- 3236453 TI - [Alcohol drinking in juveniles]. PMID- 3236454 TI - [Alcohol drinking behavior in women]. PMID- 3236455 TI - [The aged and alcoholism]. PMID- 3236456 TI - [Fetal alcohol syndrome]. PMID- 3236457 TI - [Alcoholic beverages and their alcohol content]. PMID- 3236458 TI - [Evaluation of immunological fecal occult blood test]. PMID- 3236459 TI - [Quality control of the mass examination of pulmonary cancer]. PMID- 3236460 TI - [Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and positive predictive value in the mass screening for cancer]. PMID- 3236461 TI - [Automated clinical analysis--past, present, and future]. PMID- 3236462 TI - [The merits or demerits of automation in immuno-serological laboratory]. PMID- 3236463 TI - [Merits and demerits of automation system in the laboratory of clinical chemistry]. PMID- 3236464 TI - [In hematological test--automation in differential count of blood cell]. PMID- 3236465 TI - [Automation of the physiological functional examination]. PMID- 3236466 TI - [Clinical laboratory system and automation in Fukushima Medical College Hospital]. PMID- 3236467 TI - [Neutralization of bactericidal effect of chlorhexidine digluconate by lecithin]. PMID- 3236468 TI - [High incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica antibody in autoimmune thyroid disease]. PMID- 3236469 TI - [Detection and distribution of estrogen receptors in the human uterus by immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA)]. PMID- 3236470 TI - [Plasmid fingerprinting suggests nosocomial spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a newborn baby care unit]. PMID- 3236471 TI - [Abnormal hemoglobin (Hb Camden) detected by interference in the determination of glycosylated hemoglobin with high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3236472 TI - [A case of immunoglobulin conjugated with lactate dehydrogenase in pleural fluid]. PMID- 3236473 TI - [The record-keeping of X-ray films]. PMID- 3236474 TI - [Hyperthermia in superficial and shallow seated tumors]. PMID- 3236475 TI - [Multislice fast imaging technique for postcontrast MR brain examination]. PMID- 3236476 TI - [A study of brain CT on neurological endemic cretinism]. PMID- 3236477 TI - [CT features of peritonitis carcinomatosa]. PMID- 3236478 TI - [Bone scintigraphy in adult T-cell leukemia]. PMID- 3236479 TI - [Persistent trigeminal artery variant--a case report]. PMID- 3236480 TI - [A case of intravascular angiomatosis in the right molar region]. PMID- 3236481 TI - [A case of ileal malignant lymphoma formation with ileosigmoid fistula]. PMID- 3236482 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging of the anterior neck (normal study)--using a surface coil]. PMID- 3236483 TI - [CT in pontine hemorrhage--correlation to clinical feature]. PMID- 3236484 TI - [5 cases of iatrogenic foreign body in the heart and/or great vessels--retrieved percutaneously by interventional radiological technic]. PMID- 3236485 TI - [CT appearance of renal hemorrhage after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy]. PMID- 3236486 TI - [Pharmacodynamic effects of ionic and non-ionic contrast media]. PMID- 3236487 TI - [Menkes syndrome]. PMID- 3236488 TI - [Gastric scintigraphy following esophageal and gastric surgery]. PMID- 3236489 TI - [Cervical Castleman disease; 67Ga scintigram and CT]. PMID- 3236490 TI - [Intracranial cellular blue nevus with increased uptake on gallium imaging]. PMID- 3236492 TI - [A case of advanced ovarian pregnancy--usefulness of preoperative angiography]. PMID- 3236491 TI - [Ring enhancement on CT scan associated with the local ACNU administration therapy following glioblastoma surgery]. PMID- 3236493 TI - [87th annual meeting of the Japanese Dermatological Association. 1-3 April 1988, Kumato, Abstracts]. PMID- 3236494 TI - [Porphyria variegata--report of a case and analysis on HPLC of urine, blood and feces]. PMID- 3236495 TI - [A study on taste-sensitivity in healthy adults--relation to habit of smoking]. PMID- 3236497 TI - [Effects of room temperature on body movements of the aged in a special nursing home during sleep]. PMID- 3236496 TI - [Behavior of beryllium in the blood of mice]. PMID- 3236498 TI - [Long-term local vibration exposure: influence of frequencies on the occurrence of intimal thickening of peripheral arteries]. PMID- 3236500 TI - [Inhibition mechanisms of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by heavy metals. I. Application of immobilized enzyme]. PMID- 3236499 TI - [Modificatory effect of bronchial hypersensitivity on blood changes caused by cigarette smoking]. PMID- 3236501 TI - [Inhibition mechanisms of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by heavy metals. II. Simulation of enzyme inhibition]. PMID- 3236503 TI - [Analysis of social and economical indices affecting mortality rates in cancers by sex--application of the database for the regional health information system in Hyogo prefecture]. PMID- 3236502 TI - [Classification of poisonous mushrooms according to their biochemical effects in mice]. PMID- 3236504 TI - [Effects of methylmercuric chloride on the ultradian rhythms of the locomotor activity in rats]. PMID- 3236505 TI - [A study on the role of serum lipoperoxides, plasma alpha-tocopherol and prostacyclin in arteriosclerosis of essential hypertension]. PMID- 3236506 TI - [Left ventricular diastolic impairment in diabetics with hemodialysis treatment- the predictor of the prognosis]. PMID- 3236507 TI - [A new simple C4 nephritic factor assay (C4NeF)]. PMID- 3236508 TI - [Two cases of acute interstitial nephritis due to cephem antibiotics]. PMID- 3236509 TI - [Effects of alternate-day therapy with prednisolone in idiopathic membraneous nephropathy]. PMID- 3236510 TI - [Early detection of a case with juvenile nephronophthisis in school mass screening for urinary abnormality]. PMID- 3236511 TI - [Clinical study on acute renal failure associated with myoglobinuria]. PMID- 3236512 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in children with steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 3236513 TI - [Clinical and pathological studies of membranous nephropathy in childhood]. PMID- 3236514 TI - [Study on the role of fibronectin in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3236515 TI - [The effect of elastase on Masugi nephritis in rats]. PMID- 3236516 TI - [Long term CaCO3 treatment of chronic hemodialysis patients--an attempt to prevent and treat aluminum osteopathy]. PMID- 3236517 TI - [A study of the kallikrein-kinin system in patients with type II diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3236519 TI - [A case of progressive systemic sclerosis associated with focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3236518 TI - [The factors affecting transperitoneal flux of magnesium and other divalent ions in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3236520 TI - [Immunoelectron microscopic studies of IgA nephropathy in children]. PMID- 3236522 TI - [Self-care and guidance of patients: nursing of alcoholic patients. Experience with helplessness]. PMID- 3236523 TI - [Self care and guidance of patients: nursing of alcoholic patients. Fundamental problems in self care by alcoholic patients]. PMID- 3236521 TI - [18th regional meeting of East and West Japan, Japanese Society of Nephrology. Abstracts]. PMID- 3236524 TI - [Self care and guidance of patients: nursing of alcoholic patients. The everyday environment of alcoholic patients and the problems of self care]. PMID- 3236525 TI - [Self care and guidance of patients: nursing of alcoholic patients. Role changes within families of alcoholic patients]. PMID- 3236526 TI - [Self care and guidance of patients: nursing of alcoholic patients. A program for social rehabilitation of alcoholic patients]. PMID- 3236527 TI - [Self care and guidance of patients: nursing of alcoholic patients. Alcoholism consultation and meetings at the Chubu Sogo Mental Health Center and processes toward self sufficiency]. PMID- 3236528 TI - [Self care and guidance for alcoholic patients: nursing of alcoholic patients. Psychological treatment of alcoholic patients--with special reference to psychological self evaluation of a Buddhist school]. PMID- 3236529 TI - [Promotion of self care by alcoholic patients and their families and formation of a regional network]. PMID- 3236530 TI - [Support of self care by an alcoholic patient who suffers from a sense of helplessness due to previous failures--with special reference to family interactions]. PMID- 3236531 TI - [Support of self care by alcoholic patients who do not admit their alcohol dependence]. PMID- 3236532 TI - [Support of self care by alcoholic patients by joining a self-help group]. PMID- 3236534 TI - [Support of self care by an alcoholic patient who manages to modify past habits and behavior]. PMID- 3236533 TI - [Assistance in establishing self care by a patient with alcoholic liver disease]. PMID- 3236535 TI - [Craving for alcohol and habitual drinking by alcoholic patients]. PMID- 3236536 TI - [Family therapy for alcoholics]. PMID- 3236537 TI - [The importance of medical records and photographs in clinical practice]. PMID- 3236538 TI - [Key points in management of patients following surgery of multiple fractures]. PMID- 3236539 TI - [Assistance of a terminal patient at mealtime to encourage a positive attitude]. PMID- 3236540 TI - [Psychological comfort of aged patients--nursing at Tsurumaki Onsen Hospital]. PMID- 3236542 TI - [Diagnostic tests required for anemia]. PMID- 3236541 TI - [Keypoints in monitoring arrhythmia. 12. Early excitation syndrome]. PMID- 3236543 TI - [Nursing care in ambulatory specialties. 12. Nursing in ambulatory anesthesia]. PMID- 3236545 TI - [Crisis theory. Background of crisis theories and crisis models]. PMID- 3236546 TI - [Definitional aspects of the crisis concept]. PMID- 3236544 TI - [Preparation of the conditions for patients following reattachment of an amputated finger--a problem of thrombus formation]. PMID- 3236547 TI - [Crisis theory. Nursing for wives whose husbands are in terminal stages]. PMID- 3236548 TI - [Crisis theory. Case study: introduction of a case]. PMID- 3236549 TI - [Crisis theory. Case study: analysis with Fink's model]. PMID- 3236551 TI - [Crisis theory. Discussion: application of crisis theories]. PMID- 3236550 TI - [Crisis theory. Case study: Analysis with Aguilera & Messick's model]. PMID- 3236552 TI - [The Interpersonal Dependency Inventory Japanese Short Form: development and evaluation]. PMID- 3236554 TI - [Nursing eye: in search of satisfaction in clinical training]. PMID- 3236553 TI - [An approach to the English monograph. Discussion about review writing (7)]. PMID- 3236555 TI - [A survey on the relationship between "teacher education" and "roles of teachers": with special reference to nursing instructors]. PMID- 3236556 TI - [Nursing education--evaluation of clinical training]. PMID- 3236557 TI - [Enlightening nursing students to develop nursing awareness: a study through a survey among students of high school nursing departments]. PMID- 3236558 TI - [Planning the teaching of vital signs--learning through a case study]. PMID- 3236559 TI - [In training nursing technology--an attempt at motivating new students]. PMID- 3236560 TI - Characterization of retinol-binding protein in familial hypo-retinol-binding proteinemia. AB - We reported previously familial hypo-retinol-binding proteinemia in a child who developed keratomalacia during measles infection. In the present study, we characterized serum retinol-binding proteins (RBPs) in the affected family members and compared these RBPs with those in the unaffected family members. Immunoblotting following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing demonstrated no differences in molecular weight and isoelectric point between the RBPs from the affected and unaffected family members, as far as RBPs were detected by antibody against standard RBP. Gel filtration revealed that all the RBPs in the serum of the affected family members made a complex with prealbumin. PMID- 3236561 TI - Posterior sub-Tenon's injections of corticosteroids in uveitis patients with cystoid macular edema. AB - Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a major cause of visual impairment and is thought to be due to abnormal perifoveal capillary permeability. Posterior sub-Tenon's corticosteroid injections are used to improve the visual acuity in CME, although their mechanism of action is uncertain. In this study, visual acuity, blood retinal barrier (BRB) permeability, and fluorescein angiograms were recorded immediately before and one and four weeks after the administration of steroid injections. Ten patients (12 treated eyes) with CME secondary to uveitis were studied. Visual improvement, defined as an increase in at least two lines of Snellen visual acuity, was seen in half of the treated eyes. In some patients, these improvements were not directly related to changes in the BRB permeability or the amount of macular fluid. Posterior sub-Tenon's corticosteroid injections do not consistently affect blood retinal barrier permeability. PMID- 3236563 TI - Human trabecular meshwork organ culture. AB - Human trabecular meshwork obtained from postmortem eyes was maintained in organ culture condition up to 12 weeks. The explants were dissected into specimens of three different sizes. Types 1 and 2 specimens were larger than 4 mm square and 1 mm thick, and type 3 specimens were about 1 mm3. Each specimen was placed in a depression made in the center of an agar block and the block was placed in a plastic culture dish. The space between the agar block and the culture dish was filled with liquid medium consisting of MEM Eagle supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 10% chick embryo extract and 200 U/ml penicillin G. Afterwards, the explant was incubated in 5% CO2 with 100% humidity. Types 1 and 2 specimens maintained a normal appearance on electron microscopy during the entire 12 weeks of culture, while type 3 specimens showed marked cellular activation and cell loss soon after explantation. Morphometric studies regarding cell number in sections for light microscopy obtained from types 1 and 2 specimens revealed good preservation of trabecular cells during the 12 weeks of culture. Our culture system may be useful in investigating the direct effects produced on human trabecular meshwork by photocoagulation and various agents, for example anti glaucoma drugs, steroids and viscoelastic materials. PMID- 3236562 TI - Ocular penetration of subconjunctivally injected gentamicin, sisomicin and cephaloridine. AB - The intraocular penetration of three current bactericidal broad-spectrum antibiotics, namely, gentamicin sulphate, sisomicin sulphate (Ensamycin) and cephaloridine, following subconjunctival injection was studied in 95 patients undergoing elective cataract surgery. Rapid and high penetration of all three drugs was evidenced by the fact that the first samples assayed by modified disc diffusion technique 15 minutes after injection showed drug levels effective against all susceptible pathogens. Peak levels of gentamicin, sisomicin and cephaloridine attained one hour after injection were 14.913 +/- 0.310, 19.000 +/- 0.408 and 30.830 +/- 1.195 micrograms/ml, respectively. Such high drug titres would provide drug concentrations 6 to 8 times the minimum inhibitory concentration necessary against susceptible organisms. The duration of the effective bioavailability of the drugs studied varied from 12 to 18 hours. We believe our study is the first to document the excellent penetration of sisomicin and the little-studied drug cephaloridine, and hope our results will open an avenue for in vivo studies to evaluate their clinical use. PMID- 3236564 TI - Fluorescein angiographic findings in the detached and reattached retina. AB - Two cases with retinal detachment were treated with cryoretinopexy, scleral buckling and subretinal fluid-releasing procedures, and examined by pre- and postoperative fluorescein fundus angiography. Capillary dilatation was observed in a wide area of the detached retina. The capillary dilatation was improved in the reattached retina which was not indented by an exoplant, while it was observed in the reattached retina which was indented by an exoplant. After an encircling operation, a background mottling pattern was enhanced in the posterior pole which seemed to be choroidal vascular congestion. These findings suggest that retinal circulation in the detached retina was disturbed, but improved after surgery at least the area which was not indented by an exoplant. Choroidal circulation was disturbed after an encircling operation. PMID- 3236565 TI - On age-related norms of the visual field. AB - We prospectively studied the influence of age on visual fields obtained from 108 normal subjects (147 eyes) by using the Humphrey Field Analyzer (Program 30-2). Differential light sensitivity remained constant irrespective of age until the age of 35 to 44 years in the vast majority of test locations and then decreased linearly with age. The rate of linear decline differed at different test locations and failed to correlate with the eccentricity from the fixation, although its variance increased with the eccentricity. The mean sensitivity and the volume of the visual field were also constant until the age of 37.4 and 37.6 years, respectively. PMID- 3236566 TI - Long-lasting organic spasm of the near reflex. AB - A 57-year-old man was examined after head trauma and found to have long-lasting organic spasm of the near reflex lacking accommodative spasm. Convergence and miosis had been consistently observed for the follow-up period of one year and three months. Electrooculographical findings showed that there was no lateral rectus muscle palsy in either eye, and that his esotropia became intense in total darkness, compared with fixation on a visual target. Persistent convergence and miosis completely disappeared within 7 minutes after intravenous injections of benzodiazepine. Furthermore, he was able to make a normal near reflex when the spasm disappeared. The effect of benzodiazepine suggests that the disturbance of the GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid) inhibitory system in the near reflex may be responsible for the occurrence of the spasm. PMID- 3236567 TI - Effects of prostaglandin D2 and its analogues on intraocular pressure in rabbits. AB - Studies were carried out of the effects of topically applied prostaglandin (PG) D2 and its metabolites and analogues on the intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits, and the results were compared with those of studies using PGE2 and F2 alpha. The application of PGD2 (0.4-250 micrograms) reduced the IOP, in a dose dependent manner without causing a hypertensive phase. The hypotensive effect was observed within 30 minutes after the application and lasted for over 7 hours. Higher doses of PGE2 (10, 50 micrograms) or PGF2 alpha (50 micrograms) caused initial IOP elevation followed by a prolonged hypotensive phase. Lower doses of PGF2 alpha (2, 10 micrograms) caused a prolonged (over 7 hours) reduction in the IOP following a latency of over 2 hours. The IOP reduction by 2 micrograms of PGE2 lasted for 5 hours. No miotic response followed the use of these PG's. Conjunctival and iridal hyperemia, aqueous flare, irritation (defined by lid closing), and aqueous protein content were examined at equi-hypotensive doses of the three PG's (50 micrograms for PGD2, 2 micrograms for PGE2, and 10 micrograms for PGF2 alpha). PGE2 was the strongest in causing these side effects, followed by PGF2 alpha. PGD2 did not cause any of these responses except for some development of conjunctival hyperemia. All of the 4 PGD2 metabolites were ineffective in reducing IOP. Among 6 PGD2 analogues, BW245C, PGD3, and PGD2 methyl ester more effectively reduced IOP than did PGD2. PGD1 and 16,16-dimethyl PGD2 were not effective. PMID- 3236568 TI - Characteristics of contractile response of isolated portal veins from chronic portal hypertensive rats under altered levels of external K+, Ca2+, and norepinephrine concentrations: a comparison with normal Wistar rats. AB - We studied contractile properties of portal veins isolated from chronic portal hypertensive rats (PHR) resulting from liver cirrhosis, a model obtained by repeated subcutaneous injections of CCl4 (2 mg/kg) twice weekly for over 45 weeks. Portal venous pressure in vivo was significantly higher in PHR (167.0 +/- 38.7 mmH2O) than in the control normal Wistar rats (NWR) (102.0 +/- 25.5 mmH2O). A pair of portal veins from PHR and NWR were mounted longitudinally in an organ bath and perfused with Tyrode's solution with different K+, Ca2+, and norepinephrine concentrations. The isometric tension was measured by a strain gauge. Under control conditions, spontaneous phasic contractile force, corrected by cross-sectional area, was greater, and the frequency was lower in PHR than in NWR preparations. The averaged peak contractile force measured at different [K]o (5.4-86.4 mM) was also greater in PHR than in NWR. Force of the tonic contraction measured at different [Ca]o (0.45-5.4 mM), under conditions of 86.4 mM [K]o was significantly larger in PHR than in NWR preparations. However, the Ca2+ sensitivity of both preparations was the same. D-600 (greater than or equal to 0.1 microM) inhibited the tonic contraction in both preparations with an identical sensitivity to the drug. In the presence of norepinephrine (10 microM), the Ca2+ sensitivity of the tonic contraction increased both in PHR and NWR preparations. The increase was more pronounced in PHR and was completely reversed in the presence of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocker, prazosin (0.1 microM). The alpha 1-adrenoceptor sensitivity to norepinephrine was not altered in PHR preparations. The rate of Ca2+ release and uptake of intracellular Ca2+ seemed identical in both preparations. Thus, in the absence of norepinephrine, the phasic and tonic contractile forces of portal veins from PHR are larger than that of NWR, probably due to increased membrane Ca2+ permeability. The PHR preparations have a higher affinity for external Ca2+ in the presence of norepinephrine, an additional factor contributing to elevation of portal blood pressure in the presence of chronic liver cirrhosis. PMID- 3236569 TI - Effect of facial cooling during heat acclimation process on adaptive changes in sweating activity. AB - On assumptions that tympanic temperature (Tty) reflects brain temperature and that the latter can be lowered by cooling of the face, effect of facial cooling during acclimation process on adaptive changes in sweating activity was examined, in comparison with the results of our previous studies on heat acclimation with controlled hyperthermia. Face fanning, by which Tty was clamped at approximately 37.1 degrees C, was combined with either of the following 9-day acclimation procedures: 90-min heating in a "Sauna box," keeping mean skin temperature slightly above 40 C, or 90-min exercise on a bicycle, clamping rectal temperature (Tre) at approximately 38 degrees C. Each procedure was imposed on the same four male subjects on different occasions, two of whom had participated in our previous experiments. Sweat tests, carried out before and immediately after the completion of the procedure, consisted of measurements of local sweat rates, whole body sweat rate, Tre, Tty, and skin temperatures on 5 areas, and of calculations of mean body temperature (Tb) and the rate of sweat expulsions (Fsw, as an indicator of central sudomotor activity). No or only a slight increase in sweating activity was observed following the acclimation procedures with face fanning, whereas similar procedures without face fanning had resulted in substantial enhancement of sweating activity in most of the cases, which had been attributed mainly to adaptive changes in central sudomotor activity (as indicated by a shift of the regression line relating Fsw to Tb). Similar results were obtained in an additional series of experiments, where the effects of 9-day 90 min exercise in heat, clamping Tre at approximately 38.2 degrees C, with and without facial cooling, were compared with each other in a subject. From the above results it is inferred that Tty reflects brain temperature and that enhancement of sweating activity induced by repeated heat load is strongly impeded, if not accompanied, by an elevation of brain temperature. PMID- 3236570 TI - Effects of baroceptor reflex on cardiac and renal sympathetic nerve activity before and after atropinization in awake cats at rest. AB - The effects of baroceptor reflex on mean cardiac (MCSNA) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (MRNA) were analyzed before and after atropinized (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) states in conscious cats at rest. Resting values of MCSNA, MRNA, mean aortic pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were 85 +/- 6 imps/s, 76 +/- 11 imps/s, 100 +/- 4 mmHg, and 164 +/- 10 beats/min, respectively. Both MCSNA and MRNA changed almost inversely to changes in the absolute MAP in the range of 90 140 mmHg. Within this pressure range the gain of baroceptor-sympathetic system to the heart and kidney was 2.31 and 1.84, respectively. MCSNA as well as MRNA was reduced to the noise level at the MAP of 142 and 150 mmHg, respectively. With atropine, MCSNA and MRNA were inhibited centrally whereas HR increased to 192 beats/min. The increase in MAP caused by norepinephrine (2.1 micrograms/kg, i.v.) was enhanced to 75 +/- 7 mmHg by atropine from 31 +/- 4 mmHg in control. The piecewise linear MAP-MCSNA and MAP-MRNA relationships changed to a remarkable clockwise hysteresis loop. During the rising MAP period, the gain of the baroceptor-sympathetic system decreased to 0.91 and 0.97 in MCSNA and MRNA, respectively. During the returning MAP period, a delayed activation in MCSNA and MRNA occurred centrally. We conclude that the baroceptor reflex effect on MCSNA is larger than those on MRNA, and that the baroceptor control of MCSNA and MRNA is modified centrally by atropine in the awake cat at rest. PMID- 3236571 TI - Analysis of salt and water intake by continuous determination of blood volume and plasma sodium concentration. AB - Seven rats were exposed to a hot environment (36 degrees C) for about 5 h to induce thermal dehydration. They were allowed to recover from their fluid loss; both tap water and 1.8% NaCl solution were provided simultaneously as drinking fluids. In the recovery stage, these animals initially consumed low NaCl solution (about 41 mEq/l) for the first 90 min and then shifted to drinking slightly hypotonic NaCl solution (about 122 mEq/l) on the average. To analyze the mechanism driving the above shift, changes in blood volume (BV), plasma Na concentration ([Na]), and the amount of water and 1.8% NaCl solution consumed were measured continuously. After 4 h of recovery, BV increased by +1.1 ml/100 g body wt. and reached 5.7 ml/100 g body wt. (set as 100%) while plasma [Na] reduced by -5.5 mEq/l or to 141.5 mEq/l (mean values of 7 rats). The shift of [Na] of drinking water was observed when plasma [Na] reduced to -3.4 mEq/l or 62.3% of the 4th-hour level, while BV recovery remained only +0.5 ml or 46.3%. A response to urinary output started later when plasma [Na] reached 142.6 mEq/l or 83.1%, while BV recovery remained +5.4 ml or 76%. These results indicate that the regulation of plasma [Na] takes precedence over the regulation of BV. This conclusion is in agreement with the view that the blood osmolality change directly modifies the cell volume whereas circulatory function under decreased blood volume can be regulated by change of the vascular compliance. PMID- 3236573 TI - Abnormal hindquarter vasoconstrictor tone, a feature common to various kinds of hypertensive rats. AB - Hindquarter peripheral resistance, calculated as arterial pressure divided by hindquarter blood flow, decreased significantly on ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium bromide in four kinds of experimentally hypertensive rats, i.e. spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, and one kidney, one-clip and two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertensive rats, but not in normotensive control rats in the conscious state. Abnormal hindquarter vasoconstrictor tone seems to be a feature common to various kinds of hypertensive rats. PMID- 3236572 TI - Suppression of intercellular communication in acinar cells from rat submandibular gland by cholinergic and adrenergic agonists. AB - The effects of cholinergic and adrenergic agonists on intercellular communication in isolated acini of rat submandibular gland were evaluated using dye-coupling. Cells injected with Lucifer Yellow CH showed diffusion of the dye to their coupled neighbors under the control condition. Addition of acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol (CCh) at concentrations higher than 10(-6) M rapidly and reversibly suppressed the dye-coupling. This effect by 10(-4) M ACh or 10(-4) M CCh was blocked by the addition of 10(-6) M atropine. The suppressive effects of 10(-4) M adrenaline and 10(-4) M noradrenaline were weaker than those of 10(-4) M ACh. Treatment with 10(-4) M isoproterenol did not inhibit the dye-coupling and the suppressive effect by 10(-4) M adrenaline was blocked by the addition of 10(-5) M phenoxybenzamine. The inhibition of dye-coupling by ACh and adrenaline was blocked by the addition of 10(-5) M verapamil, 10(-4) M W-7 and 1.5 x 10(-5) M H 7, but not by 1.5 x 10(-5) M HA1004. These results suggest that the muscarinic action of cholinergic agonists and the alpha-action of adrenergic agonists might suppress the intercellular communication of the acinar cells in the rat submandibular gland, possibly through the increase of calcium influx and the activation of protein kinase C. PMID- 3236574 TI - Deacclimation period in ventricular function after high altitude expedition. AB - Day-by-day changes in ventricular-ejection time/heart-rate ratio (VET/HR) and in ejection time index (ETI), determined by an impedance method in a decompression chamber, were more labile in the mountaineers who had experienced high altitude (above 6,000 m) within the past 1 year, and the ETI values in the first hypoxic exposure were significantly high in these subjects, though close to those of the non-experienced group in the later exposures, suggesting that the effect of hypoxic acclimation on cardiac function might remain at least 1 year after return to sea level. PMID- 3236575 TI - An acetylcholine-induced potassium current in tail sensory neurons in the pleural ganglion of Aplysia. AB - Acetylcholine (ACh) induces a hyperpolarization during current clamp and an outward current during voltage clamp in tail sensory neurons of Aplysia kurodai. This response was proved to be produced by a specific increase in membrane permeability toward potassium ions, the cholinergic antagonists, d-tubocurarine chloride (d-TC), and atropine mildly reduced the ACh response, while tetraethylammonium (TEA) most effectively blocked this response. These findings provide evidence that tail sensory neurons have the inhibitory ACh receptor in addition to the known receptors for serotonin (5-HT), small cardioactive peptide B (SCPB), and neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide). PMID- 3236576 TI - A new method for measuring the pneumotachometer characteristics using a syringe. AB - A new method for determining the nonlinear characteristics of pneumotachometers was developed. This method consists of a computer algorithm analyzing unsteady flows generated by a syringe. We removed the possible influence of the frequency characteristics of the measuring system by inserting an acoustic low pass filter in the path of gas flow. Two types of Fleisch pneumotachometers were tested. For a given volume of 3 l, the error of measured volume is 12.5% in uncorrected series and 0.2% in the corrected. PMID- 3236577 TI - Viability and freezing ability of rabbit embryos collected in the vagina after prostaglandin treatment. AB - Morulae were collected from rabbit vaginas after prostaglandin treatment 65h post coitum. The optimum embryo recovery was obtained when the flushings started around 12h after the prostaglandin injection. The mean embryo collection was around 10 embryos per animal. These embryos had the same viability as those collected by the classical technique of uterine flushing (around 80%). The freezing ability of these embryos was also similar to that observed for uterus collected embryos. Embryos not ejected after the treatment can develop in vivo and give birth to living progeny. The results obtained suggest that this technique can be used for egg transfer in rabbit genetic improvement programs. PMID- 3236578 TI - [Effects of symmetry groups on complexity and goodness in visual pattern]. AB - Two experiments were performed to investigate stimulus determinants of pattern complexity and pattern goodness. Two hundred and ninety-six undergraduates rated complexity and goodness of two-dimensional patterns, which consisted of solid and/or open circles. The patterns were invariant under transformations of reflection or rotation, and they formed cyclic groups or dihedral ones. The results were summarized as follows. (1) Goodness of patterns increased with the order of cyclic and dihedral groups with different weights. (2) Complexity of patterns having line-segments decreased with the order of cyclic and dihedral groups with equal weights, whereas that of patterns having no line-segments was medium regardless of the order. (3) Simplicity and goodness of patterns with a vertical axis of reflection were higher than those with the other orientation axes. (4) Patterns consisting of solid circles were rated more complex than those of open ones. (5) Complexity increased as a positively accelerated function of the number of circles, whereas goodness increased as a negatively accelerated function. It was concluded that complexity and goodness were determined by compound factors, which are processed at different stages of human visual system. PMID- 3236579 TI - [Sex difference in susceptibility to delayed auditory feedback in oral reading tasks]. AB - Sex difference in susceptibility to DAF (delayed auditory feedback) in oral reading of texts was investigated. Forty adults, 20 males and 20 females with normal speech and hearing abilities, read aloud two kinds of texts, one easy to read and the other difficult, under two conditions, NAF (normal auditory feedback) and DAF. Delays were 150, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ms and the feedback intensity was 90 dB in SPL at maximum. Susceptibility to DAF was defined as max magnitude of DAF Index under five DAF conditions (DAF Index = 1-CMR(tau)/CMR(0), where CMR was correct mora rate per second and tau the delay). As the results, the susceptibility was significantly higher in males than in females for easy texts. Sex difference of the feedback mechanism for articulation was clearer in easy texts than in difficult ones. It was suggested that the articulatory movement was more cognitively controlled by the route of auditory feedback in males than in females. PMID- 3236580 TI - [Visual exploration and cognitive articulation of the compound figures in children]. AB - Visual articulation of compound figures is more fragmentary in children whereas it is more integrated in adults. In this experiment, eye movement of children during visual exploration of test figures was recorded under the hypothesis that the fragmentary articulation should be related to the same fragmentary character of the eye movement. The subjects were 20 children of 4-, 5- and 6-years old and the eye movement was recorded by a video monitor system accompanied by an EOG. The cognitive articulation was analyzed by a picture drawing task of the same figures and compared with the patterns of the eye movement. As the results, the children of fragmentary articulation in drawing also showed more partial successive and inefficient explorative movement than those children of integrated articulation. The hypothesis was confirmed. PMID- 3236581 TI - [The effect of social feedback on receiver's self-concept change: an examination of the role of receiver's perception on sender's self-concept]. AB - Cognitive processes for feedback information on self-concept as influenced by the receiver's perception of the sender's trait were examined in 40 male and female undergraduates. Subjects in the consistent and inconsistent feedback situations received information consistent and inconsistent with their initial self-rating of a trait, respectively. The sender (confederate) had a higher or lower scale score for the same trait than the subjects. Subsequently, subjects did final self rating. Inconsistent feedback produced self-concept changes no more than consistent feedback only when the sender had a higher trait tendency than the subjects. This finding suggests: (1) only in the inconsistent feedback situation, the receiver sets out to search cause of feedback; (2) whether or not the receiver changes one's self-concept depends on causal attribution of inconsistent feedback; and (3) the direction of causal attribution is influenced by the receiver's consideration of the sender's trait tendency. PMID- 3236582 TI - [Acquisition of the control of a novel muscular activity by electromyograph biofeedback]. AB - Present study aimed at to examine the process that people acquire the control of a novel muscular activity, of which they have had little experience of voluntary control, by electromyograph (EMG) biofeedback. Thirty undergraduate students who were unable to move their ears served as subjects. They were asked to give tension unto the m. auricularis posterior (the muscle to draw an ear backward). A factorial design was employed with two levels of strategy (transferring, non transferring) and three methods of how to provide with the EMG feedback signals from the m. auricularis posterior during training session (no-feedback, biofeedback, intermittent biofeedback). The experiment was consisted of four sessions: rest, pre-test, training, and post-test. Main results were as follows: (1) Two groups, which subjects used the transferring strategy and the feedback signals, significantly increased the integrated EMG of the m. auricuralis posterior from pre- to post-tests. (2) Furthermore, the EMG-increase was significantly greater in one group, which feedback signals were intermittently given at every other training trial, than another group, which feedback signals were given at all trials. (3) It was also found that no increase of awareness to the muscular tension occurred despite the increase of EMG activity. PMID- 3236583 TI - [Discrimination of facial components in autistic children]. AB - A simultaneous face discrimination learning task was given to 15 autistic children and 14 normal controls. Face stimuli were presented in the form of schematic line drawing. After attaining discrimination, their responses to facial components, namely, color, expression and orientation (upright or inverted), were tested. The autistic group more frequently responded incorrectly to orientation than to the other two components. Moreover, the response latencies to all the three components were shorter in the autistic group than in the normal group. Using the same experimental procedure, a figure discrimination learning task was given to other groups of autistic and normal children. The results indicated no significant differences between the autistic and normal groups in either the rate of correct responses or the latency to figure components. These results were interpreted to suggest that the autistic children recognized face stimuli only in terms of component properties. PMID- 3236584 TI - [Paradoxical fall in repetitive learning of a random series of digits]. AB - In this study, on each trial subjects were presented visually a different random series of nine digits, and required to memorize and recall them immediately. Among a sequence of trials there were three repetitive learning trials, a few trials apart one from another. On these trials an identical series of nine digits was presented repeatedly. Recall rates of the series of digits on repetitive learning trials rose from the first trial to the second, and, by contraries, fell on the third. We call this fall "paradoxical fall," since it is contrary to the expectation of standard theories of learning. It was pointed out that we should investigate the detailed cognitive process, i.e., the microcognitive process, in learning.memory of simple series of digits, because it involves the important basic cognitive process of learning.memory. PMID- 3236585 TI - [Effects of test-expectancies and test-sequence orders on the recognition failure of recallable words]. AB - Two experiments examined the effects of test-expectancies and test-sequence orders on the phenomenon of recognition failure. In Experiment 1, 18 college students, half of which were male and the other half were female, were randomly divided into two experimental groups. Half of the subjects studied the 42 cue word-target pairs in anticipation of a cued recall test, while the remaining subjects studied the pairs in anticipation of a recognition test. In Experiment 2, 36 college students (18 male and 18 female students) were randomly divided into two experimental groups. Half of the subjects were tested successively, first for recognition and then for recall, and the remaining subjects were tested in the reverse order. The results showed that the magnitude of recognition failure decreased when the subjects expected the recognition test. There were no appreciable sequential testing effects on the magnitude of recognition failure, however. These results imply that the phenomenon of recognition failure is not an artifactual one in the recognition-recall testing order, and that the magnitude depends on encoding conditions. PMID- 3236586 TI - [Function of connectives in text-understanding]. AB - This experiment was conducted to investigate the function of connectives in text comprehension. Twenty six subjects were instructed to read six texts, each containing several target sentences. Eighteen target sentences were provided, and each of the subjects was presented half of the target sentences in their original form, i.e., with a connective (Connective condition, C), and the other half, without a connective (No-connective condition, NC). After reading, subjects were asked to recall all the target sentences. In recall, all the sentences preceding the target sentence were presented as a cue. Recall rate was higher for the C condition than for the NC condition. The result indicated that connectives facilitate text comprehension. This effect was seen most clearly in three connective categories called jyunsetsu (e.g., causality), gyakusetsu (i.e., adversity), hosoku (i.e., supplement) in Japanese. PMID- 3236587 TI - [How do we remember when and where?]. AB - The short-term retention of temporal order and that of spatial position were compared using six types of materials. They were three types of letters: (a) Hiragana (phonetically one syllable), (b) Kanji-1 (one syllable), (c) Kanji-2 (two syllables, and three types of non-verbal materials: (d) two-digit numeral, (e) musical note, (f) non-sense figure. Eight stimuli of each type were presented visually to 40 female subjects. It was shown that the performance changed with the types of materials in both retention tasks and that for some materials the retention of temporal order was better than that of spatial position, and for others, vice versa. In the temporal tasks, Hiragana attained the highest score, Kanji-1 the second and Kanji-2 the third. In contrast, the scores were reversed in the spatial tasks. The results suggested that the number of syllables was one of the important factors in temporal memory, though not necessarily in spatial one. The effect of other more subtle factors on retention such as visual tracking of temporal order and imprinting of visual image on the position of presentation was discussed. PMID- 3236588 TI - [Do phonological and semantic processings of Kanji finish at the same time?]. AB - Two experiments were designed based on Neisser's visual searching paradigm to compare visual, phonological and semantic processing times of two-character compound Kanji, the Japanese logographic script. In Exp. 1, four undergraduates were asked to scan 10-word lists visually, phonologically or semantically according to the task required to find out a target which is either identical with or similar to the word previously presented at the trial. The results indicated that visual processing is quickest, and phonological and semantic processing finish at the same time. In Exp. 2, two- and four-syllable words were used as stimuli. Five undergraduates' results suggested that the length of syllable has effect on neither phonological nor semantic processing time, and replicated the results of Exp. 1 suggesting that phonological and semantic processing finish at the same time. PMID- 3236589 TI - [Abstracts. 30th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research (I). Nagya, Japan, 15-16 July 1988]. PMID- 3236590 TI - [Abstracts. 30th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research (II). Nagya, Japan, 15-16 July 1988]. PMID- 3236591 TI - [Studies on urethrodetrusor facilitative reflex--characteristics of bladder response and neuroreceptor mechanism]. PMID- 3236592 TI - [Multidisciplinary therapy of advanced bladder cancer--results of therapy in partial cystectomy cases]. PMID- 3236593 TI - [Ultrastructural study of testicular toxicity. Effects of CDDP on the rat seminiferous tubules]. PMID- 3236594 TI - [Study on human penile hemodynamics after the intra-cavernous papaverine HCl injection]. PMID- 3236595 TI - [An experimental study of whole bladder wall photodynamic therapy using a light scattering medium. A preliminary report]. PMID- 3236596 TI - [A study of sexual function in spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 3236597 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of acute epididymitis]. PMID- 3236598 TI - [The value of computed tomography in acute pyelonephritis]. PMID- 3236600 TI - [Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy]. PMID- 3236599 TI - [Prognosis in 550 cases with renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 3236601 TI - [Efferent and primary afferent neural pathways innervating the lower urinary tract of the cat. Part I. Efferent neural pathways]. PMID- 3236602 TI - [Efferent and primary afferent neural pathways innervating the lower urinary tract of the cat. Part II. Primary afferent neural pathways]. PMID- 3236603 TI - [The urinary oxalate determination using high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3236604 TI - [Ethical problems in fetal diagnosis]. PMID- 3236605 TI - [3-month colic]. PMID- 3236606 TI - [To the participants in the Midwifery Congress]. PMID- 3236607 TI - [A tour through Ostrobothnian maternity hospitals]. PMID- 3236608 TI - [Chorionic villi sampling in early pregnancy fetal diagnosis]. PMID- 3236609 TI - [Is there always a midwife at hand to undo the weaknesses in the system?]. PMID- 3236610 TI - [Kirsti Kolehmainen's 50th birthday. Interview by Arja Laiho]. PMID- 3236611 TI - Ethics and the nurse: the nurse as a professional practitioner. PMID- 3236612 TI - Term ectopic pregnancies. PMID- 3236613 TI - Nurse my colleague--friend or foe. PMID- 3236614 TI - The role of law enforcement in control of illicit drug trafficking. PMID- 3236615 TI - Role of the nurse in assessment and prevention of alcohol and drug abuse in individuals and families. PMID- 3236616 TI - Treatment and rehabilitation of drug abusers. PMID- 3236617 TI - ORT in practice. PMID- 3236618 TI - ORT in Nyamira. PMID- 3236619 TI - The concept of "nursing." Part I. PMID- 3236620 TI - [Use of non-invasive transdermal stimulation of the heart in selecting an anti arrhythmia drug in a patient with supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia with a re-entry mechanism within the atrioventricular node]. PMID- 3236621 TI - [Diagnosis of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia and recurrent arrhythmia in patients with concealed accessory pathway based on rapid atrial stimulation]. PMID- 3236622 TI - [Risk of cardiovascular diseases and sudden death in Poland]. PMID- 3236623 TI - [Reaction of the circulatory system to physical exertion in relation to the degree of coronary insufficiency in patients after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3236624 TI - [Various factors influencing the decision to resume work by patients after myocardial infarction. Effect on myocardial infarction recurrence and mortality]. PMID- 3236625 TI - [Late potentials in coronary disease]. PMID- 3236627 TI - [Progress in the treatment of cardiogenic shock: marginal notes]. PMID- 3236626 TI - [A case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with 2 accessory pathways]. PMID- 3236628 TI - [Results of the use of intra-aortic counterpulsation in the treatment of post infarction shock]. PMID- 3236630 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of cardiogenic shock and acute circulatory insufficiency based on bedside hemodynamic monitoring]. PMID- 3236629 TI - [Value of echocardiographic examination in determining the etiology of cardiogenic shock. Clinico-echocardiographic correlations]. PMID- 3236631 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of tricuspid valve insufficiency in patients with atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 3236632 TI - [Changes in serum enzyme levels in the early period after heart valve implantation under extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 3236633 TI - [Evaluation of arrhythmia and electrophysiologic properties of the conduction pathways in patients with WPW syndrome based on 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring]. PMID- 3236635 TI - [Sick sinus syndrome caused by congenital fistula of the coronary artery]. PMID- 3236634 TI - [Mitral stenosis and the problem of critical constriction in blood circulation]. AB - The results of a combined echocardiographic study of 127 patients with mitral stenosis are reviewed. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters are divided into 3 groups with respect to the severity of mitral stenosis. A relationship is demonstrated between mitral opening area and diastolic pressure gradient, as evidenced by dopplerography. The definition of critical mitral stenosis is given. A classification of the severity of mitral stenosis on the basis of two dimensional echocardiography is offered, that provides indications for surgery. PMID- 3236636 TI - [Paradoxical shortening of the time of restoration of sinoatrial node function after administration of obsidan in patients with sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 3236637 TI - [Aneurysms of the thoracic aorta after correction of aortic coarctation]. AB - Six patients with thoracic-aorta aneurysms, developing at different dates after the correction of aortic coarctation and making up 19.6% of all aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta, were investigated and underwent surgery. Aneurysm resection and prosthesis implantation were the method of choice. This operation was performed in 4 patients. Mean aortic occlusion time was 45 min. There were no fatal outcomes or paraplegia. The results were good in all patients. PMID- 3236638 TI - [Causes of decreased stability of good survival results and the incidence of complications in patients with multiple heart valve prostheses]. AB - The results of six-year follow-up of 368 patients after multiple prosthetic valve implantation (mitral and aortic prostheses in 173, mitral and tricuspid prostheses in 129, three prostheses in 36, mitral and aortic prostheses with tricuspid annuloplasty in 30) are reviewed. The mean functional class was 4.05 prior to the operation, and eventually declined to 2.1, being indicative of increased physical activity of the patients. Good results were stabilized in 61% of cases. Major causes of insufficient stability of good results were specific complications and progressive attendant heart diseases. There were no specific complications in 51% of the patients. The survival rate was 39.2%, including the intraoperative mortality rate. Long-term survival rate was 59.3%. Myocardial insufficiency, mostly occurring in patients with aortic prostheses and preoperative functional class 4 or 5, was one of the leading causes of reduced long-term survival. Therefore, patients should undergo surgery when in functional class 3, and those with aortic defects, while they are in functional class 2. PMID- 3236639 TI - [Late thrombo-embolic complications after heart valve prosthesis]. AB - A follow-up study of 444 patients with artificial heart valves of different makes demonstrated increased wear and thrombogenic properties of the hemispheric MKC-27 prosthesis, used in mitral position, over 5 years of follow-up. High risk of thrombo-embolic complications is related to interrupted anticoagulant treatment. Their rate could be reduced through improving the quality of anticoagulant treatment, i.e. continuous administration of anticoagulants under adequate monitoring. PMID- 3236640 TI - [Possibilities of cardiac surgery in the treatment of active valvular infectious endocarditis]. AB - The results of surgical treatment of 142 patients with active valvular infectious endocarditis are reviewed. Hospital mortality was 15.5% (22 patients died). Follow-up covered 6 months to 14 years (with an average of 3.5 years) in 108 patients. Ten (9.3%) patients died over this period, and 11 (10.2%) showed indifferent or poor results of surgery. Within 5 years, total survival rate was 74.4%, including hospital mortality, and good late results were seen in 76.8% of the discharged patients. Surgical treatment of active valvular infectious endocarditis is shown to be a fairly effective method and should be used on a larger scale in clinical practice. PMID- 3236641 TI - [Characteristics of metabolism in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans and arteritis]. AB - Lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolic parameters, such as triglycerides, total and alpha-cholesterol, total protein and albumin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose and the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, total lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, were measured in 50 patients with obliterating atherosclerosis and 60 patients with arteritis. The latter showed more marked lipid metabolic disturbance, as compared to the former, as well as indirect signs of hepatic dysfunction. PMID- 3236642 TI - [Hemosorption in the treatment of patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities]. AB - Hemosorption results were assessed in 99 patients with obliterating arterial atherosclerosis of the lower extremities. It is demonstrated that extracorporeal systemic detoxication, using different sorbents, is an effective method for improving collateral flow in patients with atherosclerotic occlusions of lower limb arteries, whose insufficiency of blood transfer pathways is largely functional, and the control of disturbed homeostasis, particularly lipid metabolism and blood rheologic properties. PMID- 3236643 TI - [Atypical creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme fraction in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction]. AB - A study of CPK isoenzyme spectrum in acute myocardial infarction, using electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing techniques, demonstrated the possibility of an earlier detection of myocardial necrosis on the basis of changes in CPK MM subzones, rather than the CPK MB test. This approach does not increase the specificity of isoenzyme CPK assays, but improves the reliability of biochemical assessment of the time of onset and depth of myocardial affection. PMID- 3236644 TI - [Determining the size of myocardial necrosis by a time-related biochemical method]. AB - A mathematical procedure is proposed for quantitative assessment of necrosis weight, which is based on the processing of serial measurements of peripheral MB CPK activity in patients who died of acute myocardial infarction. The method is based on statistical treatment of biochemical findings and the results of postmortem determination of necrosis weight. A formula is derived for the biochemical equivalent of necrosis weight, which can be used a real-time intravital test. PMID- 3236645 TI - [Clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of pulmonary hypertension]. AB - Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complicated, yet poorly studied problem of modern medicine. A combined clinico-instrumental study of clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of the PH syndrome of varying origins has substantiated nosological independence of primary PH. PH associated with vasculitis, primarily affecting the lungs, is described. Differential-diagnostic criteria of primary and chronic post-embolic PH are presented. Mechanisms of PH development and progress, and those of heart failure associated with chronic pulmonary obstructive diseases and congenital heart defects are discussed. PH classifications are proposed. PMID- 3236646 TI - [Structure of diseases and signs of connective tissue dysplasia in suspected ischemic heart disease]. AB - Seventy-six males, complaining of atypical chest pain, were investigated. Mitral prolapse was the most common condition, detected in 45% of these patients, 40% of those displaying signs of connective-tissue dysplasia: increased skin elasticity and joint mobility, and subcutaneous nodules on the shins. The probability of mitral prolapse detection is high in the presence of signs of connective-tissue dysplasia. PMID- 3236647 TI - [Effect of essential phospholipids on the lipid spectrum of blood plasma and the aggregative capacity of thrombocytes in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - A study of the effect of essentiale-forte in myocardial infarction patients demonstrated favorable shifts in plasma lipid spectrum and ADF-induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 3236648 TI - [Changes in phospholipid composition of high density lipoproteins in children as a possible precursor of the development of ischemic heart disease]. AB - The proportion of apoprotein-AI (apo-AI) phospholipids (PL) and HDLP phospholipid spectrum were determined in addition to principal coronary risk factors; cholesterol (CS), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDLP) CS, in high-risk children, whose parents had survived myocardial infarction at a young age, and also in children with vegetovascular dystonia and a control group. It is demonstrated that children with relatively low percentage of lecithin in HDLP, in the absence of changes in CS, TG, apo-B and apo-AI, and HDLP CS, could be found in all the examined groups, and were particularly numerous in the high-risk group. Correlations coefficients for the HDLP PL percentage in the father-child, mother-child and father-mother pairs were estimated, revealing a positive correlation with respect to lecithin in these pairs, an evidence of the contribution of the general familial environment to the variability of the parameter in question in the examined groups. Different correlations were demonstrated between lecithin/sphingomyelin and lecithin/kephalin ratios in boys and girls from the control and high-risk groups. PMID- 3236650 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis and rheologic properties of blood in vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by scalenus anticus syndrome]. AB - A study of 132 patients, aged 15 to 40 years, with bilateral scalenus syndrome, accompanied by vertebrobasilar insufficiency, is reported. The diagnostic value was assessed on the basis of 164 angiograms and 408 blood rheologic parameters. Selective arteriography, conducted simultaneously with the compression test and endovascular pressure gradient measurement, yields the most exhaustive and reliable data on the topical cause of the circulatory disturbance within the subclavian artery and its branches. The scalenus syndrome is an important etiologic factor of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Intermittent flow through the vertebral artery results from ostium compression, spasm or increased flow in one of the vertebral arteries that may be due to an abnormal flexure, local pressure rise or high arcuation of the subclavian arterial segments I and II. Regional disorders of blood rheologic properties are also in evidence. Surgical treatment produces stable good results. PMID- 3236649 TI - [Classification of the degree of severity of coronary insufficiency in patients with stenocardia at rest and moderate exertion based on isometric load data]. AB - A classification of the severity of coronary insufficiency has been developed on the basis of isometric exercise (hand-grip) testing for patients with angina of minor effort and angina at rest. A study of 177 coronary patients has demonstrated that the increment of the pulse-pressure index by the time of ST depression, as compared to the resting values, is the most valuable diagnostic quantitative marker of the severity of coronary insufficiency at isometric testing. Three degrees of the severity of coronary insufficiency (extremely severe, severe and moderately severe) have been identified with respect to this parameter. PMID- 3236651 TI - [Treatment of occlusive vascular diseases of the lower extremities using the method of autologous transfusion of UV-irradiated blood]. AB - Knott's autotransfusion of UV-irradiated blood was performed in 163 inoperable patients, including 141 patients with obliterating atherosclerosis and 22 patients with endarteritis. Good clinical effect was produced that was particularly apparent in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis. Assessment of the effects of autotransfusion of US-irradiated blood on microcirculation, peripheral circulation, hemostasis and humoral immunity in the two samples confirmed the method's efficiency. PMID- 3236652 TI - [Accessory left-ventricular chorda and the early ventricular repolarization syndrome]. AB - Electrocardiographic symptoms were evaluated in 53 patients with an additional left-ventricular chorda (ALVC), detected by two-dimensional echocardiography. Signs of early ventricular repolarization (EVR) were identified in 45 (84.9%) patients. A transverse ALVC was more common in EVR-free patients (87.5%), as compared to patients with ALVC + EVR combinations (51.1%; p less than 0.05). PMID- 3236654 TI - [Phenomenon of premature opening of the pulmonary valves in patients with left- and right-ventricular myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3236653 TI - [The role of suppression of cholesterol 7-hydroxylase activity of the liver in the development of atherogenic stress-induced dyslipoproteinemia]. PMID- 3236655 TI - [Use of a stochastic model for predicting the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3236656 TI - [Effect of nifedipine (corinfar) on pulmonary ventilation at the peak of the action of propranolol in patients with ischemic heart disease associated with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 3236657 TI - [Non-invasive evaluation of the optimal access to the veins using ultrasonic flowmetry in continuous cardiac pacing]. PMID- 3236658 TI - [Difficulties in the control of tobacco smoking by patients with stenocardia]. PMID- 3236659 TI - [Clinical observation of a patient who participated in a marathon race after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3236660 TI - [Increased tetanic excitability in children with functional (psychosomatic) disorders. Clinical studies with the von Bonsdorff test]. PMID- 3236662 TI - [Nutrition of premature infants]. PMID- 3236661 TI - [Mobius syndrome--2 clinical case reports]. PMID- 3236663 TI - [Consequences of the composition of breast milk for the nutrition of underweight newborn infants. I. Calcium and phosphorus]. PMID- 3236664 TI - [The course of morbidity over 10 years in the pediatric department of a district hospital. Exemplified by the pediatric department of the Parchim district hospital 1971-1980]. PMID- 3236665 TI - [Schwartz-Bartter syndrome as a complication of severe well water poisoning]. PMID- 3236666 TI - [Pediatrics in Ethiopia]. PMID- 3236667 TI - [Rationale for expediency in the surgical treatment of patients with chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis of the tibia at a specialized sanatorium]. PMID- 3236668 TI - [The clinical course and surgical treatment of intracranial hematoma in middle aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 3236669 TI - [Surgical tactics in multiple primary intracranial tumors]. PMID- 3236670 TI - [Surgical tactics in bilateral ureterohydronephrosis in children]. PMID- 3236671 TI - [Pathogenetic aspects and surgical tactics in the treatment of priapism]. PMID- 3236672 TI - [The importance of cytochemical studies of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 3236673 TI - [Changes in the immunoreactivity of patients with generalized myasthenia following thymectomy]. PMID- 3236674 TI - [The role of epidural anesthesia in preventing the development of acute postoperative erosion and ulcers of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 3236675 TI - [Disorders of microcirculation and rheologic properties of the blood in patients with acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3236676 TI - [Use of a controlled abacterial medium in the complex surgical treatment of patients with post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the leg bones]. PMID- 3236677 TI - [A comparative morphometric study of auto- and alloplasty of peripheral nerves]. PMID- 3236678 TI - [Laser resection of the adrenal glands]. PMID- 3236679 TI - [Possibilities and perspectives of infrared thermography in the complex diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the extremities]. PMID- 3236681 TI - [Surgical treatment of exstrophy of the bladder]. PMID- 3236680 TI - [External fixation of open fractures of the tibia]. PMID- 3236682 TI - [Experience with treatment at a district surgical department of patients with acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 3236683 TI - [A case of iliac dystopia of the left kidney simulating a tumor of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 3236684 TI - [A myasthenic crisis following cholecystectomy]. PMID- 3236685 TI - [A rare complication of epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 3236686 TI - [Changes in the content of middle molecules of the blood in patients with chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis as affected by hemosorption]. PMID- 3236687 TI - [Telethermographic study of arthrosis deformans of the hip joint]. PMID- 3236688 TI - [A case of scalp avulsion]. PMID- 3236689 TI - [Acute appendicitis in a patient with a traumatic break of the spinal cord]. PMID- 3236690 TI - [A case of retrocaval location of the ureter in bilateral nephroptosis]. PMID- 3236691 TI - [A retroperitoneal urinary phlegmon with abscess formation and rupture into the abdominal cavity, development of local peritonitis and secondary appendicitis]. PMID- 3236692 TI - [A case of a lymphoreticular thymoma arising in the wall of a true cyst]. PMID- 3236693 TI - [A syndrome of arterial hypertension caused by a combination of 2 adrenal gland tumors]. PMID- 3236694 TI - [A giant cyst of ectopic ovarian tissue]. PMID- 3236695 TI - [Inflammatory tumors of the mammary glands]. PMID- 3236697 TI - [A hand splint]. PMID- 3236696 TI - [Experience with the use of sacral anesthesia]. PMID- 3236698 TI - [A method of intraventricular hypothermia of the brain]. PMID- 3236699 TI - [Stable functional osteosynthesis in the treatment of fractures]. PMID- 3236700 TI - [Stereoscopic photography in medicine]. PMID- 3236701 TI - [The lateral surface of the thigh as a donor site for the formation of complex skin flaps with an axial type of blood supply]. PMID- 3236702 TI - [Endoscopic treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers with low-intensity laser]. PMID- 3236703 TI - [Hypothermia and aspiration drainage in chronic osteomyelitis of tubular bones]. PMID- 3236704 TI - [Treatment of tendovaginitis crepitans of the forearm by the method of local ethyl chloride hypothermia]. PMID- 3236706 TI - [Programmed peritoneal lavage in suppurative complications of perforated ulcer of the stomach]. PMID- 3236705 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of suppurative lung diseases]. PMID- 3236707 TI - [Hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity in appendicular infiltrate]. PMID- 3236708 TI - [Acute appendicitis complicated by pylephlebitis]. PMID- 3236709 TI - [Cystic structures in the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 3236710 TI - [Total gangrene of the small intestine caused by thrombosis of mesenteric veins]. PMID- 3236711 TI - [Bougienage in the treatment of cicatricial stricture of the rectum]. PMID- 3236713 TI - [A rare form of internal intestinal fistula]. PMID- 3236712 TI - [Giant echinococcal cyst of the spleen]. PMID- 3236714 TI - [Effect of contamination by opportunistic microflora on the incidence of wound infection in a surgical hospital]. PMID- 3236715 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of subdiaphragmatic echinococcosis of the liver and its complications]. PMID- 3236716 TI - [Changes in central hemodynamics during reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 3236717 TI - [Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of diseases of the biliary tract]. PMID- 3236719 TI - [Chronic disorders of duodenal patency and the problem of insufficiency of the major duodenal papilla]. PMID- 3236718 TI - [Acute suppurative cholangitis complicated by mechanical jaundice and hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 3236720 TI - [Treatment of adhesive disease]. PMID- 3236721 TI - [Phytobezoars as the cause of acute small-intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3236722 TI - [Characteristics of surgical tactics in inguinal hernia during short stay of patients in a hospital]. PMID- 3236723 TI - [Postoperative mortality in incarcerated abdominal hernia]. PMID- 3236724 TI - [Detoxication therapy of patients with chronic occlusive arterial diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3236725 TI - [Causes of the development of external intestinal fistulas and their treatment]. PMID- 3236726 TI - [Hemostasis in injury of the spleen by the method of embolization and intra arterial infusion]. PMID- 3236727 TI - [Complications after papillosphincterotomy and the ways of their correction]. PMID- 3236728 TI - [Injuries of the bile and pancreatic ducts during gastrectomy for peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3236729 TI - [Fluorescein angiography findings in intermediate uveitis]. AB - The present paper describes the results of angiographic examinations of 48 eyes (29 patients) with intermediate uveitis. More than 50% of the cases displayed pathologic changes of the retinal blood vessels, such as increased fluorescein staining of the vessel walls and leakages of the retinal veins or venules, respectively. Some 20% of the eyes manifested cystoid macular edema and/or edema of the optic disk which had gone undetected by ophthalmoscopy. These findings suggest that vascular changes may play a role in the pathogenesis of intermediate uveitis. The question as to whether this disease might be caused rather by retinal vasculitis than by uveitis is discussed. PMID- 3236730 TI - [Polyglactin 910 implants in muscle revision surgery for the reconstruction of physiologic limits in Tenon's capsule]. AB - Iatrogenic damage to the orbital fascial system during strabismus surgery may lead to adherences with resulting problems of motility. To prevent new adherences in revisional surgery, several materials were tried, with varying degrees of success. The authors tested Polyglactin 910, popular as a suture material in strabismus surgery, in the form of a net. The material is hydrolytically soluble. Since the tissue response is finished before dissolution of the implant, it seemed that Polyglactin would be a suitable barrier to the formation of adhesions in Tenon's capsule. The implant was applied in 11 patients, some of whom had already undergone several strabismus operations and had adhesions at the surgical site. In one case the implant was used in a primary procedure. In one patient revisional surgery was needed four weeks after surgery because of overeffect, and this provided an opportunity to investigate the implanted area histologically. PMID- 3236731 TI - [Tear substitutes. Experimental and clinical observations]. AB - Dry-eye conditions do not represent an etiologically homogeneous clinical picture, and therapy is therefore difficult. Tear substitution by means of artificial tears of various viscosities has been common practice, and the use of highly viscous artificial tears is considered appropriate therapy in many cases of dry eye because of their prolonged contact time on the ocular surface. A clinical study with a gel made of cross-linked polymers of acrylic acid with a high molecular weight (Thilo-Tears) showed that both the subjective and objective effects were good. Clinical parameters and data describing the differences in contact times of the highly viscous preparations and a low-viscosity solution (2% PVP), Schirmer's test, Jones's test, and BUT are described and assessed in detail. Furthermore, an attempt is made to supplement and corroborate the clinical findings and the rationale of using highly viscous solutions by presenting experimental results on the preocular film. In particular, considerations pertaining to the relevance and the formation of the glycocalyx from vesicles of corneal epithelial cells are discussed, and the interaction of the epithelial cell membranes with the preocular film is emphasized. PMID- 3236732 TI - [Effects of fractionated irradiation of the rabbit eye. A histopathologic study]. AB - The effect of fractionated 300 kV roentgen radiation on different sections of the eye (cornea, ciliary body, retina, and choroid) was investigated in 36 rabbits. Four groups of nine animals each were exposed to 21, 30, 36, and 45 Gy in constant fractions of 5 x 3 Gy per week. After three weeks, three months, and six months three animals from each group were killed. Both eyeballs, the eyelids, and the lacrimal glands were removed, fixed, and embedded in paraffin. The 15 sections made of each specimen were stained according to PAS and HE. The application of total doses of 21, 30, and 36 Gy did not lead to any histopathologically discernible alterations. Only in one animal was an ulcerating keratitis seen to develop within three months in response to a dose of 45 Gy. In the same group, a perilimbic conjunctival inflammation developed in three animals after six months and in two after three months. All animals which had received doses of 45 Gy and were examined after six months were found to have a vacuolic swelling of the ciliary epithelium. In one animal which had received a dose of 45 Gy a myointimal proliferation of a ciliary artery was seen three months after termination of the treatment. PMID- 3236733 TI - [Development of traumatic retinal detachment]. AB - Post-traumatic retinal detachment occurs frequently as a late consequence of progressive vitreous changes, especially following penetrating injuries. Occasionally, it develops soon after the trauma, without preceding proliferative vitreoretinopathy, is based on posterior vitreous detachment and morphologically resembles an idiopathic retinal detachment. It is possible that the posterior vitreous detachment in these cases is encouraged by the presence of intravitreal hemorrhage. PMID- 3236734 TI - [Secondary pigmented macular pucker]. AB - The clinical course and histologic findings in a case of macular pucker with secondary pigmentation are described. The macular pucker occurred following argon laser coagulation of a peripheral hole and consisted of elements of the inner limiting membrane, an extracellular matrix of collagen fibrils, and retinal pigment epithelial cells with varying degrees of differentiation. No retinal glial cells were found. The pigment epithelial cells had presumably migrated through the peripheral retinal hole and settled on the retinal surface. PMID- 3236735 TI - [Congenital ptosis. A new surgical procedure]. AB - The technique described takes existing anatomic conditions and residual function into account. No resection is required. Results after four years are very good. PMID- 3236736 TI - [Demodex folliculorum]. AB - The author reports on Demodex folliculorum ("hair follicle mite"), a frequent and widespread parasite. These mites are found in hair follicles of eyelashes in particular. In ophthalmology they are responsible for chronic eczematous blepharitis ("blepharitis acarica") with trichiasis and madarosis. Therapy is unsatisfactory. The author has now discovered that isoptocarbachol 3% eyedrops successfully combat Demodex folliculorum. The solution was first tested experimentally on house flies (Musca domestica) and was later used to treat patients affected with the parasite: a cotton bud impregnated with this parasympathomimetic (anticholinesterase) drug was applied to the border of the eyelids several times. PMID- 3236737 TI - [Nasal intubation with silastic tubes in dacryocystorhinostomy and experiences with the Piza approximator]. AB - The technique of intubation of the lacrimal pathways can be facilitated by using a Piza approximator for connection of the ring intubation, or two 15 mm long rods of a Bowman probe connected to silicone tubes for nasal intubation, with a double tantalum clip for closure of the loop in dacryocystorhinostomy. PMID- 3236738 TI - [Remarks on the publication by Pau, H., O. Hockwin, U. Eckerskorn: Clinical aspects and experimental findings in so-called senile cataract]. PMID- 3236739 TI - [Clinical experiences with a therapeutic collagen contact lens. Initial results]. AB - Clinical treatment with a self-dissolving collagen bandage lens was studied in 29 eyes. The lens was used in ten eyes with corneal abrasion, seven with lamellar perforating corneal injuries, six with corneal abrasion following foreign body removal, two after pterygium surgery, in one corneal abrasion caused by radiation, in two eyes with photoelectric keratoconjunctivitis, and in one patient with a trophic-sterile corneal ulcer. In all cases wearing comfort was excellent and no allergic reactions were observed. The patients with corneal abrasions experienced a significant reduction in pain immediately after application of the lens, so that no pressure patch was necessary. In the cases with corneal abrasion due to radiation and trophic-sterile ulcer, re epithelialization occurred more rapidly than with the customary treatment. PMID- 3236740 TI - [Changes in the sensitivity of the cornea in patients with intracerebral tumors. Studies of patients with meningioma of the cranial base and neurinoma of the trigeminal nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve using the Draeger esthesiometer]. AB - The center of the cornea was measured preoperatively in 29 patients suffering from intracranial tumors (acoustic neuroma, trigeminus neuroma, basal meningioma). These measurements were made with the Draeger electronic-optical esthesiometer; the results were supplemented by an analysis of tumor diameters determined by computer tomography. In each case one-half of the patients with acoustic neuromas and medial meningiomas of the wing of the sphenoid bone manifested a reduction in sensitivity at the center of the ipsilateral cornea (normal: 0.8 to 1.7 x 10(-5) N). The diameters of the sensitivity-reducing acoustic neuromas ranged from 15 mm to 45 mm. It may be deduced both from the topographic conditions at the skull base in the vicinity of the porus acusticus internus and from the conditions associated with a pressure-induced lesion of a peripheral nerve that medial acoustic neuromas as small as 10.1 mm in diameter can lead to a reduction in the conductivity of the ipsilateral trigeminal nerve. Only when they attain a diameter of 28.4 mm and when the proportions of the skull base are equally spacious do the acoustic neuromas regularly cause an ipsilateral corneal hypesthesia. PMID- 3236741 TI - [Lamelliform incision for opening the anterior chamber in cataract extraction]. AB - A technique of opening the anterior chamber by a 1.0 to 1.5 mm large scleral lamella was developed in an attempt to reduce postoperative astigmatism after cataract surgery. In a series of 483 eyes in which cataract extraction was performed by six surgeons, this technique was compared with the usual corneoscleral incision. Experienced surgeons generally achieved lower or equal rates of postoperative astigmatism with the scleral lamella incision, whereas less experienced surgeons caused higher rates of astigmatism with the scleral lamella and lower ones with the corneoscleral incision. No differences were found between the two techniques as regards the directions of the axis of postoperative astigmatism. PMID- 3236742 TI - [Quantitative assessment of the clinical electroretinogram]. AB - The clinical application of electroretinography has been limited until now by the lack of standardisation, especially of stimulus conditions. Normal values for the electroretinographic response parameters can only be used if patients are examined under the conditions which were given for the examination of healthy subjects. It is shown in this paper that the inexpensive apparatus designed by Kooijman and Damhof (1981) can be calibrated by any user simply and at justifiable expense. Normal values for the amplitudes and peak times for the a- and b-wave are presented. The normal range of the values has been defined with regard to the frequency distribution. According to the authors' results, methods of descriptive statistics in skewed distributions are mainly necessary at low stimulus intensities. The descriptive methods for normal distributions were regularly applied at higher stimulus intensities. In general, however, ERG parameters are normally distributed as shown by the distribution of the residuals between the linear regression of the parameter to the logarithm of the corneal illuminance and the measured values. The influence of age on the amplitude was calculated according to the results of Lehnert and Wunsche (1966) and the lower limits of the normal range are given for four age groups. The data presented here may be used as normal values provided that the simple calibration methods are applied. Thus electroretinography is no longer a method merely for the laboratory, but can be used in clinics and offices as well. However, a prerequisite is that the physician has sufficient experience in ophthalmological electrophysiology. PMID- 3236743 TI - [Contributions to the Aulhorn flicker test. II: The flicker test and the Pulfrich phenomenon in clinical diagnosis]. AB - Fourteen patients with symptoms of acute unilateral optic neuritis were examined with the Pulfrich test and the Aulhorn flicker test. It was found that the positive Pulfrich response and the depth of the apparent orbit depends on the ocular or neural diseases causing a difference in neural conduction from the two eyes. The Pulfrich test is positive for considerably longer than the flicker test. It may be concluded from this that the Pulfrich test is more sensitive to minor residual dysfunction of the affected optic nerve. PMID- 3236744 TI - [Animal experiment and clinical studies of the use of anti-inflammatory agents in chemical burns of the eye]. AB - In animal experiments and a clinical study of chemically burned eyes the anti inflammatory effect of topically applied steroids and indomethacin (an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase) was investigated. Both the animal model and the clinical tests indicate the desirability of immediate local application of dexamethasone eyedrops 0.1% under careful biomicroscopic control of the burned eye and with local antibiotics. The use of topical steroids is a part of the authors' treatment for moderately severe and severe chemical eye burns (second degree, beginning third degree). However, this anti-inflammatory therapy cannot be recommended with indomethacin alone, because of the leukotriene-induced, increased infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and corneal ulceration. PMID- 3236745 TI - [The effect of combined iodine treatment in Bad Hall on the color perception of patients]. AB - After taking a cure with iodine treatments in Bad Hall (Upper Austria), patients with eye diseases repeatedly report improvements in their color vision. They state that colors are once again "more saturated, richer, and more distinct." These statements were checked using the Farnsworth Panel D-15 dicotomous test and the Lanthony desaturated 15 Hue test. The analysis of the results showed that there is indeed a statistically significant improvement in color vision after the cure. The spontaneous observations of the patients were therefore confirmed by the study. PMID- 3236746 TI - [Tono-pen, a new position-independent tonometer. Comparison with the Goldmann tonometer by applanation measurement]. AB - A new hand-held tonometer, Tono-Pen (TP), was compared with the Goldmann tonometer (GM). The TP utilizes the operating principle of the Mackay-Marg tonometer. However, the TP is battery-operated, only 18 cm long, weighs only 60 g, and features electronic signal analysis (single-chip microprocessor) and a digital pressure display (mm Hg). In 108 subjects (216 eyes) presenting no ocular abnormalities, comparative tonometric measurements were performed in randomized order by two investigators (A: TP; B: GM). In 33 of these subjects (66 eyes), the intraocular pressure (IOP) was changed by means of a scleral suction-cup system. A total of 457 pairs of values was obtained in an IOP range extending continuously from 0 to 50 mm Hg. The relationship between TP (y axis) and GM (x axis) pressure readings is described exactly by a slightly curvilinear graph (y = 0.96x - 0.003x2 + 1.48; mm Hg). This may be approximated by a regression line with a slope of 0.8, a y intercept of 2.76 mm Hg and a standard deviation of 2.5 mm Hg (y values) in relation to the regression line. The mean values were 17.6 (TP) and 18.6 mm Hg (GM), which were not significantly different (P less than 0.05). The correlation coefficient amounted to 0.97. Below an IOP (GM) of 16 mm Hg, the TP slightly overestimated the IOP by a maximum of 1.48 mm Hg at GM = 0). Above 16 mm Hg, the TP increasingly underestimated, the IOP by a maximum of 8 mm Hg at GM = 50). Summing up, the TP is unique among hand-held tonometers in its miniaturization. In the low and physiological pressure range, there is an acceptable relationship between TP and GM readings. In the high pressure range, however, its readings deviate considerably from those of the tonometer. PMID- 3236747 TI - [Analysis of gait using motography in healthy children and patients with neurologic disorders. I: Qualitative analysis]. AB - Light pattern recording of movements is applicable to assess changes in space and time as well by using single photographic pictures. The method called Motografie has the advantage to work with a special light source; therefore, it is useful in clinical practice and research. Data can be analysed by describing pictures (qualitative analysis) as well as by quantitative measurements from the light pattern curves. By using Motografie gait pictures were studied in two healthy children, in a boy with minimal cerebral dysfunction and hyperactivity, and in two patients suffering from spastic diplegia. Movement curves from different parts of the body (shoulders, hands, hips, knees, feet) could be described in regard to their pattern and quality. In comparing healthy, mildly impaired and severely handicapped children specific features were noted to characterize different gait patterns. This is useful in clinical diagnosis and practicable to assess developmental changes as well as results of therapeutic measures in movement disorders. PMID- 3236748 TI - [Analysis of gait using motography in healthy children and patients with neurologic disorders. II: Quantitative analysis]. AB - Light pattern recording of movements by Motografie results in data representing changes in space and time; single pictures of these curves can be analysed in detail. The method was used for gait analysis in two healthy children, in a boy with minimal cerebral dysfunction and hyperactivity, and in two patients with spastic diplegia. From describing all phases of gait cycles different variables were chosen to assess movement patterns quantitatively; thus, curves could be described by various parameters. Differences were seen between normal, mildly impaired and severely handicapped children. Results obtained are in good agreement with a qualitative analysis of pictures and with data from the literature using different methods. PMID- 3236749 TI - [Recurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia after 12 years of complete remission]. AB - The clinical course of a now twenty-year-old patient is reported. The boy was admitted to our children's hospital at the age of six with the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He was treated according to the Memphis VII protocol established by Pinkel et al. Complete remission was obtained. After five years, therapy was finished. The boy was disease free in the following years. Growth and puberty development were normal. The boy was admitted again at the age of 18 5/12 years when bone marrow aspiration revealed lymphoblasts of the common-ALL type. After a treatment according to the national (BFM-)ALL therapy study a complete remission was obtained again. The patient is still under maintenance therapy. Clinical and laboratory data are reported. The frequency of second malignancies following cytostatic therapy is discussed. PMID- 3236750 TI - [The growth rate of healthy children in the first 16 years: Bonn-Dortmund longitudinal developmental study]. AB - Standards for supine length/height velocity from birth to 16 years (percentiles, mean and standard deviation) are presented, based on the longitudinal growth studies from Bonn and Dortmund. During the first two years of life growth velocity is twice to three times higher as in the following years. Many things point to the growth velocity during the first two years being of decisive significance for the observed secular acceleration of height. International comparisons with other longitudinal growth studies show a trend of somewhat higher growth velocity of the children from the Bonn and Dortmund studies. PMID- 3236751 TI - [An atraumatic needle for the puncture of ports and pumps]. AB - Huber-point needles have been found to induce substantial coring during puncture of ports or pumps, which may lead to leakage or obturation of these devices. Therefore, different types of cannulas were tested in order to evaluate their applicability for this purpose. Pencil-point needles led to increased pain during puncture and thus seemed unsuitable. A newly developed port-cannula bent inwards within the length of the bevel ("protected bevel") and proved to be definitely noncoring during electron microscopy. Consequently the force required to introduce this needle was reduced by 50% in comparison with the Huber-type needle. In addition, this cannula allowed up to 3000 punctures of one port without leakage and, thus, correspondingly therefore relevantly increased the durability of this device. PMID- 3236752 TI - Reduction of systemic fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies, neutropenia, and prolonged fever by early amphotericin B therapy. AB - A rate on autopsy of up to 30% systemic fungal infections and difficulties in diagnosing systemic mycosis antemortem have led to the empiric use of amphotericin B in patients with hematological malignancies, prolonged fever, and neutropenia. Routine empiric antifungal treatment was initiated in our institution in 1982. Amphotericin B was given to granulocytopenic patients with hematological malignancies with (a) unremitting fever after 48-72 h of antibiotic treatment, (b) recurrent fever during antibiotic treatment, or (c) with newly detected pulmonary infiltrates, sinusitis, skin and retinal lesions suggestive of a fungal infection. With this approach the rate of systemic fungal infections decreased significantly from 10% (27 of 270 patients; 1973-1981) to 4% (6 of 153 patients; 1982-1986, P less than 0.02). The reduction of systemic fungal infections was most prominent in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, where its proportion decreased from 16% (16 of 98 patients; 1973-1981) to 4% (2 of 50 patients; 1982-1986, P less than 0.023). Our data support the hypothesis that the incidence of systemic fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies and especially in acute myelogenous leukemia can be reduced significantly by empirical treatment with amphotericin B. PMID- 3236754 TI - Circadian and pulsatile levels of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in various stages of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3236755 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus infection mimics autoimmune hepatitis--a case report. PMID- 3236753 TI - [IgD paraproteinemia in immunocytoma]. AB - The extremely rare immunocytoma with IgD-paraproteinemia was observed in a 65 year-old man with infiltrations of the throat and the sinuses. The diagnosis was made on the basis of several biopsy specimens and serum immunoelectrophoresis. In spite of intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy a remission was not achieved. In the final stages, a transformation into an immunoblastic sarcoma accompanied by an acute plasma-cell leukemia appeared. The patient died 11 months after diagnosis from renal failure due to infiltrations of the kidneys. The poor prognosis and the poor response to radiotherapy may be associated with the IgD paraproteinemia. Serum electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis proved to be sensitive parameters for monitoring tumor recurrence. PMID- 3236756 TI - [Cold agglutinin disease]. PMID- 3236758 TI - Synchronous adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon, the gallbladder and the vermiform appendix. AB - According to the literature synchronous adenocarcinomas of both, the colon and the gallbladder or the colon and the appendix are extremely unusual. To our knowledge the simultaneous occurrence of all three tumors has never been published before. Preoperative diagnosis of early stage tumors of the gallbladder and the vermiform appendix is also made very seldom. The following case report records an instance of synchronous adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder, the transverse colon, in a colonic polyp and the appendix. Owing to the patient's advanced age simultane cancer occurrence may be mere coincidence. Nevertheless, this extremely rare entity could also be ascribed to a genetic defect or an unknown carcinogenic agent. PMID- 3236757 TI - [Significance of arterial blood pressure for the development of microalbuminuria and retinopathy in type I diabetes mellitus]. AB - The role of hypertension for the combined occurrence of incipient diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy (RP) was evaluated in 155 insulin-dependent diabetic patients (74 male/81 female); mean age 32.4 +/- 12.2 STD years; means diabetes duration 12.8 +/- 10 STD years). Albumin excretion rate (AER) was measured in 24 hours urine samples by RIA, retinal status was determined by both, fundoscopy and fluorescein angiography. Analysis of the data revealed a statistically significant correlation between the duration of disease and elevated AER (p less than 0.012), and the occurrence of retinopathy (p less than 0.0001). Although there was a close correlation between retinopathy and elevated AER (p less than 0.0001), it is remarkable that 31% of the patients with normal AER (less than 15 micrograms/min) showed signs of non proliferative RP. On the other hand 30% of patients without retinal changes showed an elevated AER (less than 15 micrograms/min). In the group of microalbuminuric patients (greater than 15 micrograms/min) systolic (p less than 0.004) and diastolic (p less than 0.04) blood pressures were significantly higher than in normoalbuminuric patients (less than 15 micrograms/min). Patients with proliferative retinopathy showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic (p less than 0.015) blood pressures compared to patients without retinal changes, though albumin excretion rates were not different in both groups of patients. In conclusion, our results show that diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy do not develop simultaneously in a representative number of insulin-dependent diabetic patients, but hypertension may be a major risk factor for the development of both microangiopathic complications. PMID- 3236759 TI - Benzbromarone biotransformation is not related to polymorphic oxidation of sparteine. PMID- 3236760 TI - Treatment of coronary heart disease by diet and exercise: fasting and diurnal lipoproteins. AB - The effects of a combined exercise and low-fat dietary regimen were studied in 11 patients with angiographically documented coronary heart disease (cholesterol 233 mg/dl, triglycerides 158 mg/dl) and 13 comparable patients (cholesterol 224 mg/dl, triglycerides 174 mg/dl) on usual care. During one year, fasting serum lipoproteins were lowered to "ideal" levels in the intervention group (cholesterol 191 mg/dl, triglycerides 100 mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol 121 mg/dl). There was no change of triglycerides and cholesterol on usual care while LDL cholesterol rose significantly. Neither regimen had any effect on HDL cholesterol. Diurnal triglycerides as a presumptive measure of IDL in the intervention group were diminished by 39%. The study demonstrates the feasibility of a diet and exercise regimen to normalize mildly elevated plasma lipid levels and thus to possibly affect the course of coronary heart disease without drugs. PMID- 3236761 TI - The body packer syndrome--cocaine smuggling in the gastro-intestinal tract. AB - Cocaine drug packets were found in the gastro-intestinal tract of seven persons, charged with and arrested for presumed drug smuggling. Plain abdominal roentgenograms were positive in 4, while computer tomography of the abdomen (CT scan) was necessary in 3 others to make the diagnosis. There were no signs of acute intoxication or bowel obstruction. All patients were treated with enemas and/or laxatives in order to evacuate the hidden packets; no complications occurred. A clinical description of the seven cases is followed by a short review of the literature, mainly focused on the possible complications of ingested drug packets and possible methods of removal. PMID- 3236762 TI - Cyclosporin A treatment in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. AB - In a pilot study 23 children with nephrotic syndrome were treated with cyclosporin A (Cs) for 6-45 months. 8 children suffered from steroid dependent minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and had experienced at least one course with cytotoxic drugs, but had relapsed thereafter. 2 children had diabetes mellitus type I with nephrotic syndrome and 13 children had steroid resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Cs was started with 100 mg/m2/day in two doses and increased stepwise to obtain a Cs whole blood trough level of 200 400 ng/ml. In steroid dependent MCNS treatment with Cs reduced relapse rate significantly, and prednisone therapy could be stopped completely. After discontinuation of Cs, relapses reoccurred as frequently as before. Renal function remained unimpaired despite repeated Cs treatment courses up to 38 months. In cases of nephrotic syndrome with diabetes type I Cs treatment led to complete remission without changing the insulin requirement. However, after discontinuation of Cs relapses reoccurred. In steroid resistant FSGS 6 children benefited from Cs treatment: 4 went into complete remission, 2 into partial remission. The 2 children with complete remission relapsed but remained Cs responsive. The remaining 7 children with FSGS did not respond to Cs but continued the course of their disease, with two patients rapidly progressing to terminal renal failure. Side-effects of Cs treatment were mild. It is concluded that Cs is an effective agent in steroid dependent MCNS and can be used as an alternative drug in specific cases like steroid toxicity or diabetes mellitus. In steroid resistant FSGS a trial with Cs seems to be warranted since some cases do respond favorably. To avoid nephrotoxicity treatment with Cs should always be monitored closely by determination of blood levels and renal function. PMID- 3236764 TI - Boutonneuse fever transmitted by conjunctival inoculation. AB - We report three cases (two adult males and a 12-year-old child) of boutonneuse fever produced by inoculation of the conjunctival mucosa (probably through accidental entry of R. conorii fluid into the eyes through rubbing or splashing). All three patients developed similar symptoms of disease, including high fever, headache, maculopapular exanthem, and conjunctivitis, and none had tache noire. Specific immunofluorescent antibodies appeared in these patients' serum mostly after the 2nd week; agglutinins to Proteus OX-19, OX-2 (Weil-Felix reaction) were found. Cure was obtained by oral tetracycline. Conjunctival inoculation of R. conorii producing boutonneuse fever is very rare; this report will probably be one of the first published in the medical literature. PMID- 3236763 TI - Tietze's syndrome--a chameleon under the thoracic abdominal pain syndrome. AB - Tietze's syndrome is characterized by pain due to a self-limiting, localized, non suppurative swelling of the costochondral or sternoclavicular junction of unknown etiology. The case of a woman is presented here who was submitted to the hospital under the suspicion of a pathological fracture. After extensive investigations the diagnosis of Tietze's syndrome was made by exclusion, and the patient was successfully treated with local injection of an anaesthetic. Possible differential diagnoses of Tietze's syndrome include myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and others. This report emphasizes the importance of a thorough clinical investigation and the need for the exclusion of severe and lifethreatening diseases. PMID- 3236765 TI - [Boerhaave syndrome]. AB - Among the different types of esophageal wall injuries Boerhaave's syndrome is associated with the highest morbidity and mortality. The classical history of retching or vomiting and retrosternal splitting pain is indicative. Roentgenograms of the chest and esophagogram with a water soluble contrast medium are able to reveal the perforation in most cases. Esophagoscopy has been recommended for diagnosis, but its use is unnecessary and frequently contraindicated. Spontaneous perforation of the esophagus should be treated by prompt surgical intervention: left side thoracotomy, direct closure of the perforation by monolayer suture, and adequate mediastinal and pleural drainage. The treatment of esophageal perforation after late diagnosis is considerably more complicated and may consist in a drainage only. PMID- 3236766 TI - [Histologic characteristics of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in post-vagotomy complications]. PMID- 3236768 TI - [Functional changes in Oddi's sphincter after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 3236767 TI - [Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3236769 TI - [Monoglyceride lipase insufficiency of the small intestine in patients with chronic diseases of the digestive organs]. PMID- 3236770 TI - [Possibility of predicting the development of morphologic types of chronic glomerulonephritis based on clinico-functional data]. PMID- 3236771 TI - [Clinical significance of tubulo-interstitial changes in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3236772 TI - [Emotional disorders in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3236773 TI - [Hemodynamics of the greater and lesser circulation in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3236774 TI - [Acute pneumonia in a patient with a history of aggravated allergy]. PMID- 3236776 TI - [Biliary dyskinesia]. PMID- 3236775 TI - [A case of Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 3236777 TI - [Postgastrectomy disorders]. PMID- 3236779 TI - [Indications for the surgical treatment of mitral valve stenosis]. PMID- 3236778 TI - [The phases of recurrence of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3236780 TI - [Sneddon syndrome (its association with anti-cardiolipin antibodies)]. PMID- 3236781 TI - [The problem of acute ulcers in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3236782 TI - [Early echocardiographic signs of cardiac failure in patients with acute-stage myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3236783 TI - [Acute transient dysfunction of the sinoatrial node in patients with unstable stenocardia]. PMID- 3236784 TI - [Hemodynamics and gas exchange in patients with chronic alcoholism during a controlled exercise test]. PMID- 3236785 TI - [Thiol compounds and erythrocyte membrane permeability in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3236786 TI - [The role of the exercise test in the differentiated treatment of patients with hypertension]. PMID- 3236787 TI - [Blood circulation in patients with aortic valve prosthesis during rehabilitation]. PMID- 3236788 TI - [Intra-arterial administration of drugs in diseases of the extremities]. PMID- 3236789 TI - [Expert evaluation of work capacity of patients with adhesive disease caused by combat injuries of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 3236790 TI - [Emergency surgery in oncology practice]. PMID- 3236791 TI - [Successive pediatric and therapeutic services for improved prevention of peptic ulcer in young people]. PMID- 3236792 TI - [Combined gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 3236793 TI - [The state of hemostasis in patients with imported malaria]. PMID- 3236794 TI - [Ventricular repolarization disorders in patients with food poisoning and salmonellosis]. PMID- 3236795 TI - [Indices of nonspecific resistance of the body in patients with influenza]. PMID- 3236797 TI - [A rare case of cardiospasm in a patient with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3236796 TI - [The etiology of Lofgren's syndrome]. PMID- 3236798 TI - [A case of drug-induced anaphylactic shock complicated by a decline in atrioventricular conductivity]. PMID- 3236799 TI - [A case of intolerance to the adrenergic alpha1 blockader prazosin]. PMID- 3236800 TI - [A case of early meningovascular syphilis]. PMID- 3236801 TI - [The classification of splenomegaly]. PMID- 3236802 TI - [The role of the regeneration of the mucous membrane of the organs of the gastroduodenal system and mutations of epitheliocytes in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3236803 TI - [Clinical thinking]. PMID- 3236805 TI - [Methods of increasing the efficacy of developing clinical thinking in students]. PMID- 3236804 TI - [The development of clinical thinking in students during practical work]. PMID- 3236806 TI - [The importance of exercise tests in the diagnosis of the pre-excitation syndrome]. PMID- 3236807 TI - [The efficacy of ethacizine in tablet form in the treatment of arrhythmias]. PMID- 3236808 TI - [Clinico-anatomic analysis of the basic reasons for the divergence in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3236809 TI - [Hemodynamic characteristics of a combination of hypertension and ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3236810 TI - [Is walking permissible in the first days of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3236811 TI - [5 years' experience in the use of isolated ultrafiltration]. PMID- 3236812 TI - [The diagnosis and pathogenesis of various disorders in hiatal hernia]. PMID- 3236813 TI - [Atrophic gastritis in adolescents]. PMID- 3236815 TI - [Combination therapy of acute destructive pancreatitis]. PMID- 3236814 TI - [Local treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers using green laser light]. PMID- 3236816 TI - [Cholesterol esterase activity of the duodenal contents in evaluating the external secretory function of the pancreas]. PMID- 3236817 TI - [Free radical oxidation in patients with destructive pancreatitis and its correction using hemosorption]. PMID- 3236818 TI - [Status of the excluded portions of the colon in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease]. PMID- 3236819 TI - [Renal mechanisms of the natriuretic effect of Soviet-made furosemide]. PMID- 3236820 TI - [The role of an automated medical information system in the organization of the work of a municipal nephrologic center]. PMID- 3236821 TI - [Clinico-functional manifestations of iron-deficiency anemia in relation to the degree of its severity]. PMID- 3236822 TI - Disorders Ca2+ homeostasis in rat cardiac mitochondria affected by adriamycin. PMID- 3236823 TI - Induction of medium chain dicarboxylic aciduria by 2-tetradecyloxiranecarboxylate (TDOC) in rat. PMID- 3236824 TI - A case history of a foreign body stone in the urinary bladder. PMID- 3236825 TI - Hyperoxaluria type I: therapeutic effects of pyridoxine hydrochloride and inheritance patterns of the disease in a family. PMID- 3236826 TI - Congenital segmental dilatation of the jejunum with malrotation. PMID- 3236827 TI - Multiple organ failure (MOF) and nutritional support. PMID- 3236828 TI - Natural history of infantile papular acrodermatitis (Gianotti's disease) with HBsAg subtype adw. PMID- 3236829 TI - Health-related characteristics of selected school principals. AB - This survey identified and described health characteristics of selected school principals-leaders and role models for teachers and students. A questionnaire assessing multiple areas of well-being collected data on principals' health in seven areas including attitudes, behavior, illnesses, and life experiences. Results indicated a higher-than-average group well-being score and a range of healthful behaviors practiced over the seven areas. Principals reported little involvement with drugs, relative comfort in their employment, and healthful patterns of coping behaviors. Changes that might contribute to increased well being were indicated in physical exercise, diet, and stress and time management. Implications for these results include using the principal's interest in health and role modeling behaviors to promote the school health program. PMID- 3236830 TI - The influence of self-esteem, parental smoking, and living in a tobacco production region on adolescent smoking behaviors. AB - Selected antecedents of smoking initiation among 1,513 eighth grade students in an urban tobacco producing county of North Carolina were studied using the Tobacco Cigarette Smoking Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Fifteen percent of students reported currently smoking, and 17.2% indicated an intention to smoke upon graduation from high school. Self-esteem and parental smoking behavior related significantly to adolescents' smoking behavior and future intention to smoke. Significantly more females intended to smoke and had lower self-esteem than males. Family involvement in the tobacco industry related significantly to adolescents' intention to smoke but not their smoking behavior. Overall, low self-esteem and parental smoking models may be important to developing the smoking habit among young adolescents. Prevention of smoking initiation should involve promotion of children's self-esteem and avoidance of parental smoking modeling prior to the eighth grade. PMID- 3236831 TI - Injuries, absences, and visits to the nurse among children in alternative schools. AB - Previous research suggests ecological and programmatic characteristics of schools may influence the health and health behavior of schoolchildren. In particular, schools with alternative educational programs, such as "magnet" curricula and extended school hours, have been found to have a higher incidence of student injuries. To examine further the health correlates of alternative educational programs, the authors studied injuries, health office visits, and school absences of 983 elementary schoolchildren during the 1983-1984 academic year. The study population comprised students attending three elementary schools-two with magnet programs and one with a regular primary curriculum. All three had an option for extended school hours. The frequency of school absences was related significantly to school hours, with fewer absences found in schools with extended hours (p less than .01). Enrollment in a magnet school was associated positively and significantly with rates of both health office visits and injuries, even after adjustment for the effects of age, gender, and extended school hours (p less than .001). Finally, an interaction effect was identified in which children enrolled in both a magnet curriculum and an extended day program had substantially higher rates of health office visits than did children enrolled in either program alone (p less than .001). These findings confirm a disproportionate use of school health services for injuries and other health concerns among students attending alternative educational programs. Possible explanations include differences in student characteristics, adult supervision, or the family lifestyles of children in alternative schools. PMID- 3236832 TI - Applying the theory of reasoned action to early adolescent tobacco chewing. AB - Beliefs and social norms elicited from adolescents were employed in the theory of reasoned action to predict early adolescent males' intention to chew tobacco. About 50% of males had chewed tobacco. Responses of chewing intenders and nonintenders differed in response direction and in response strength. Response differences regarding physical effects (cancer, yellow teeth, habit forming) as well as psychosocial effects (look cool, relax, have a good time with friends) suggested specific educational strategies. Intenders and nonintenders both reported not believing chewing causes cancer, an erroneous belief. Nonintenders reported belief carry over from smoking: chewing will "make my clothes smelly" and chewing will "give me shortness of breath," both unfounded. Nonintenders reported less referent support for chewing. Both groups reported a general unwillingness to comply with their significant others. PMID- 3236833 TI - Educational censorship and school health education. PMID- 3236834 TI - Creating community resource pamphlets. PMID- 3236835 TI - Pediatric guidelines for infection control of HIV (AIDS virus) in schools and day care settings. American Academy of Pediatrics. PMID- 3236836 TI - Multi-disciplinary, problem-based, self-directed training in occupational health. PMID- 3236837 TI - The derivation of occupational exposure limits in the pharmaceutical industry. PMID- 3236838 TI - Musculoskeletal disorders in shipyard workers. PMID- 3236839 TI - Factors influencing alcohol consumption in a workplace setting. PMID- 3236840 TI - Slipping and the penalties inflicted generally by the law of gravitation. PMID- 3236841 TI - Case control study of chronic bronchitis in glass bangle workers. PMID- 3236842 TI - Physiological responses to thermal stress in a glass bangle factory. PMID- 3236843 TI - Health standards for work in the food industry. PMID- 3236844 TI - A study into the effectiveness of varying forms of eye protection. PMID- 3236845 TI - Age stereotype disconfirming information and evaluations of old people. PMID- 3236847 TI - Psychological symptoms of residents in the aftermath of the Three Mile Island nuclear accident and restart. PMID- 3236846 TI - Nuclear war as a source of adolescent worry: relationships with age, gender, trait emotionality, and drug use. PMID- 3236848 TI - Symptoms of depression and psychological distress in United States and Japanese college students. PMID- 3236849 TI - Relationships among three concepts of authoritarianism in adolescent schoolchildren. PMID- 3236850 TI - Potential of lumbodorsal fascia forces to generate back extension moments during squat lifts. AB - The lumbodorsal fascia (LDF) has been implicated in numerous biomechanical interpretations of low back mechanics as a tissue that provides support to the lumbar spine during demanding load bearing. One hypothesis is that oblique abdominal muscle forces contribute to trunk extensor moment by transforming lateral abdominal tension into longitudinal tension via the LDF. However, a review of the anatomical literature supports the hypothesis that extensor forces in the LDF result from tension within the latissimus dorsi muscle. The purpose of our work was to evaluate the potential of the LDF to generate trunk extensor moment using two mathematical models: one that activated the LDF with the abdominals and another that activated the LDF with the latissimus dorsi. Efforts were made to represent the anatomy as accurately as possible. The results from three subjects performing six squat lifts each, suggested that the potential of the LDF to contribute significant extensor moment has been overestimated. In fact, the issue of whether the LDF is activated by the abdominals or the latissimus dorsi is irrelevant because neither strategy appeared able to generate sizable extensor moments in the type of lift studied. PMID- 3236851 TI - Halothane interference at an amperometric oxygen electrode: the development of an oxygen/halothane sensor. AB - The role of electrode materials in the reduction of halothane and oxygen mixtures at rotating and stationary electrodes is considered. Halothane is found to be electroactive within the available electrode-potential range on silver and on gold. Double potential step experiments are considered in order to isolate the individual halothane and oxygen signals. A double integration, single potential step technique is evaluated for the quantitative simultaneous measurements of oxygen and halothane on gold. The influence of electrode purity is discussed in terms of a reaction mechanism and electrode output error. PMID- 3236852 TI - Transfer of medical technology from a developed to a developing country. AB - Medical care is increasingly dependent on technology, but what are the problems involved in the transfer of technology from a developed to a developing country? What are the administrative, personnel and engineering problems? We address these questions in the context of our experience of transferring the medical technology and knowledge necessary for the development of nuclear medicine facilities in Kuwait. PMID- 3236853 TI - Parameters of exponentially damped sinusoids in noise and their application to the analysis of visual evoked potentials. AB - The backward prediction and singular value (SV) truncation methods for estimating multiple exponentially damped real sinusoids in noise have been studied. The basic theory and algorithm are outlined, and the effect on the error of computational parameters, such as the sampling window, the sampling rate, the order of the prediction-error filter (PEF) and the truncated point of SV, were studied using simulated data. If the computational parameters are carefully chosen, the estimate of frequency and damping factor of a damped sinusoid is quite accurate (within a certain range of signal to noise (S/N) ratio). We use this method to estimate the parameters of visual evoked potentials (VEP) and then reconstructed them from estimated parameters according to the resonant model. The error between original VEP and the reconstructed waveform is within 5%. This method can be used in the analysis and recognition of various systems. PMID- 3236854 TI - Method for an automatic analysis of the ECG. AB - A method is presented for an analysis of the ECG. Using cubic spline techniques we proceed first to a smoothing of the signal and then to the elimination of baseline drift. The properties of the calculated derivatives are used to establish criteria for the identification of the ECG waves and the measurement of their essential parameters. The complete procedure can be carried out by a computer, without human intervention. The results of this fully automatic procedure can be used directly as a means of classifying the ECG. PMID- 3236855 TI - Fetal ECG during labour: a presentation of a microprocessor system. AB - Changes in the ST waveform of the fetal ECG have been detected in 47 term deliveries with vertex presentations using a specially developed microprocessor based system for on-line recording of T wave amplitude. The T wave was quantified by the T/QRS ratio. The recording included one scalp electrode for exploration and a maternal skin electrode as reference. Signal quality allowed optimal ST waveform assessment in 89% of the cases. The degree of perinatal asphyxia was judged from cord artery acid-base status and the neonatal outcome. In completely normal fetuses at term the mean T/QRS ratio was 0.148 with a standard deviation of 0.048. With this basic information we can proceed in the investigation of the T/QRS ratio as a means for fetal surveillance. PMID- 3236857 TI - Real-time drift suppressor for ECG. AB - By introducing poles close to the zeros of the transfer function (1 - Z-N), a drift filter is formed which involves only simple addition and shifting operations and is therefore capable of real-time application with moderate speed microprocessors. A normal ECG with moderate baseline fluctuations showed satisfactory drift suppression with minimal observable T-wave distortion. PMID- 3236856 TI - Fetal ECG during labour: a suggested standard. AB - Recording the fetal ECG as a means of fetal monitoring during labour has been investigated by many researchers. Different signal processing methods have been used, making comparisons difficult so that agreement on several topics has not been reached. We suggest the basis of a standard method of recording and processing the signal which we believe will be acceptable to the research and clinical communities. PMID- 3236858 TI - Simple computer controlled apparatus for in vitro mechanical testing of connective tissues. AB - Connective tissues are viscoelastic and so a series of experiments, at carefully controlled loading rates, is required to determine their mechanical properties. This paper describes a simple, inexpensive apparatus for performing these experiments; it is based on a ball screw driven by a microcomputer controlled stepper motor. PMID- 3236859 TI - Optimal pharmacokinetic delivery of infused drugs: application to the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. AB - A common clinical goal of infusing drugs is to attain therapeutic steady-state concentrations as rapidly as possible. The desire is to closely approximate a step function in plasma concentration of the therapeutic agent. We have developed a novel approach to achieve this goal by using the principles of systems and compartmental analyses. The approach is to build a pharmacokinetic model for the disposition of the drug and then calculate backwards from the desired output function to derive the optimal input infusion function. We applied this technique to the infusion of Lidocaine, an antiarrhythmic agent which is often difficult to control. An optimal infusion function, used to drive a servo-controlled infusion pump, was derived to closely approximate a step-function response of drug levels. The efficacy of this infusion function was verified experimentally in dogs. PMID- 3236860 TI - Selection of transducer material for use with 'optical' foot pressure systems. AB - 'Optical' foot pressure systems, or pedabarographs, use a white plastic or rubber material as the transducer. In the past, materials have been used which are not appropriate for calibrated measurements, particularly in dynamic studies (i.e. walking measurements). We describe a simple method for selecting transducer materials and make comparisons between commonly used materials. PMID- 3236861 TI - Transducer for monitoring respiration during imaging procedures. AB - A transducer system for monitoring respiration is described; it uses a 'liquid column' sensor with a remote integrated circuit pressure module. It was designed primarily for non-invasive monitoring and control of respiration during diagnostic imaging procedures, but has also found applications in other areas, e.g. physiotherapy and pulse monitoring. The device is a new version of a system developed several years ago and takes advantage of relatively low cost commercial 'building blocks'. The output is an analogue voltage (from a low impedance source) capable of driving a wide range of recorders, amplifiers and computer interfaces. Reference is also made in the text to a bio-feedback signal processing and display unit (described elsewhere) which, when used with this transducer, provides a versatile respiratory control system. PMID- 3236862 TI - Portable stimulator for direct electrical stimulation of denervated muscles in laboratory animals. AB - A portable lightweight stimulator for small animals is described. It delivers pulse trains of high intensity and is convenient for denervated muscle studies. It does not cause discomfort and does not restrict activity. PMID- 3236863 TI - Physical modelling of the arterial wall. PMID- 3236864 TI - Three-dimensional curved beam stress analysis of the human femur. PMID- 3236865 TI - Control of perfusion pressure and flow in isolated heart bioassays. AB - Bioassays using isolated animal hearts are important tools for the investigation of cardiac behaviour, but to obtain accurate results a proper perfusion circuit has to be designed. In particular, biophysical studies of contractile and vascular behaviour require a perfusion circuit which permits the adjustment of several experimental parameters within wide ranges. It must also be able to maintain the stability of these parameters when the behaviour of the isolated organ undergoes major changes. To meet this requirement, we have developed a perfusion circuit which makes it possible to control either the perfusion pressure or the coronary flow, with a high degree of precision. There is an electronic controller which satisfies the requirements of a variety of safety and experimental requirements and guarantees a well-defined perfusion system. Computer simulation of the interaction between the perfusion circuit and the heart identified the basic elements of this time-variable, nonlinear system. PMID- 3236866 TI - Effect of intracapillary resistance to oxygen transport on the diffusional shunting between capillaries. AB - The effect of intracapillary resistance to oxygen transport on distribution of oxygen tension in the tissue and along the capillary was investigated by means of a mathematical model. In some cases resistance significantly affects the diffusive interaction between neighbouring capillaries thus aggravating the deficiency of oxygen supply around capillaries with low oxygen tension. PMID- 3236867 TI - Experimental permanent artificial tendon for the hand. AB - The aim of this study was to develop a porous silastic tube with filmy wall acting as permanent artificial tendon. Twelve mongrel dogs were used. Peronaeus longus and tibialis anticus were exposed, divided in two places, and sutured in situ; they were then covered by the silastic tube. A dog was sacrificed after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 44 weeks; specimens were removed. Each preparation was studied as follows: (i) gross observation and light microscopy for tendon preparations and (ii) transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and phase microscopy for the pseudosheath. Our study showed that healing of the tendon was mainly an extrinsic mechanism and that the pseudosheath formed by the silastic tube can prevent the adhesion of the surrounding tissue; it follows that the use of an artificial tendon, including a tendon-graft coated with a silastic tube, in reconstruction of the flexor digital tendon in the hand is a feasible procedure. The appropriate porous diameter and porous distance should be studied further. Tendon gliding depends mainly upon the gliding plane between the composite body of the tendon and the loose connective tissue around it. PMID- 3236868 TI - Fast on-line polarity correlation algorithms for muscle fibre conduction velocity measurement. AB - Polarity cross-correlation is a useful technique for the measurement of muscle fibre conduction velocity using surface electromyography. Owing to the nature and volume of computation involved in the correlation function, standard techniques for its estimation by a microprocessor are too slow for an on-line application. In this paper two algorithms suitable for on-line estimation of polarity function are presented. Some useful features of the correlation function, as well as careful programming and careful choice of instructions, made it possible to use a standard microprocessor to achieve higher sampling rates than those reported recently. PMID- 3236869 TI - Carrier detection of Duchenne dystrophy by frequency analysis of the electromyogram. AB - A new method for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) carrier detection based on frequency analysis of electromyograms (EMG) taken from relative force contractions shows great promise in classifying possible carriers. Nine carriers were examined and compared to nineteen normals in an attempt to define a discriminant function that would be effective in classification of possible carriers of the gene responsible for DMD. EMG data were taken at 20%, 40%, and 60% of maximum effort from the biceps brachii using a specially designed dynamometer apparatus. The apparatus was able to isolate the biceps muscle group and allowed for adjustment to accommodate different body sizes. Three signal processing methods were used to find variables in the frequency domain that would provide the best discriminant function based on the jackknife classification method. Of these methods, the most promising appears to be the high-to-low ratio method at 20% maximum contraction. When combining the high and low values found with this test in conjunction with the peak cepstrum values also found at 20% maximum contraction, discrimination was found to be 83.8% accurate. Because this classification is not based solely on definite carriers, and appears to be independent of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values, it would seem that classification based on a definite carrier population could be performed with greater accuracy, especially with the addition of CPK values. PMID- 3236870 TI - Medium term comparison of shock attenuating insoles using a spectral analysis technique. AB - In view of the current interest in skeletal shock and the damage it could cause, this paper illustrates the value of a new device for measuring shock transients reliably during gait. Four orthotic insoles were tested (Viscolas, PPT, Plastazote and Gait Aid) during walking on a timed oval course at intervals during 1 month using the J.P. Biomechanics Shock Meter. The 'shock factor' for each insole was recorded and the data show that Viscolas and Gait Aid do not appear to deteriorate in use whereas PPT and Plastazote do. Viscolas and PPT perform well; Viscolas is just superior; Plastazote (after 2 days) and Gait Aid both perform poorly. It is suggested that manufacturers should acknowledge the effect of use on the insole properties because this information is of paramount interest to the users of their products. PMID- 3236871 TI - Assessment of control ability in the physically handicapped. AB - A tracking task was developed in order to obtain parameters relevant to the design of control interfaces for the physically handicapped. Principles of construction and operation are given, and methods for obtaining parameters are described. Results are presented from evaluator use with a number of subjects covering a wide range of control abilities. Overall performance in the tracking task is compared to general physical ability and experience with other control devices. One task required a response to a target which moved between two possible positions after a constant or variable time interval; correlation was observed between variables representing overall speed and accuracy. For multi level tasks, scores equal to total time on target were obtained for tasks of differing complexity. Their values are shown to contain information on both speed and accuracy of control. Factors affecting performance are discussed and useful parameters suggested. In particular, information derived from the first, simpler task was shown to correlate well with that from the more complex tests. This type of test provides a useful general method for the interactive design and assessment of control interfaces. PMID- 3236872 TI - Singular value decomposition for identification of parameters in multicompartment analysis. AB - Standard singular value decomposition is used in a practical approach to parameter identification in multicompartment analysis; a solution can be found even in not well-defined situations. The method is demonstrated on a simple 2 compartment glucose model and applied to an extended 7-compartment model. PMID- 3236873 TI - Construction of an evoked potential model expressed by parallel second order components with time lags. AB - We propose an evoked potential model consisting of a parallel combination of second order systems with time lags. Using this evoked potential model, scalp recorded photic evoked potentials (PEPs) of three healthy young subjects were analysed, and the PEP waveforms decomposed into five basic waveforms. Generator sources for four components commonly observed in all three subjects are discussed. PMID- 3236874 TI - Dynamic analysis of leaflet stresses and application to heart valve design. AB - The problem is approached using an approximate and simple variational procedure. A comparison with results obtained by means of the finite element method reveals that the analytical solution is convenient from a practical engineering viewpoint. It is hoped that biomedical researchers and designers will find the present approach useful when dealing with more complex structural dynamic situations. PMID- 3236875 TI - Simple three-program implantable muscle stimulator with optical control. AB - We describe an implantable stimulator which is capable of producing both continuous and intermittent patterns of indirect muscle stimulation. Switching between modes is achieved remotely via a percutaneous optical link and only standard laboratory techniques are employed in the construction of the device. It has been used to assess the influence of the pattern of stimulation on type transformation of mammalian skeletal muscle. PMID- 3236876 TI - Measuring the impedance of the active electrode of a single channel cochlear implant in situ. AB - A number of failures of extracochlear implants are caused by a bad contact between the active electrode and the tissue. A novel and simple method has been developed to enable the impedance of the active electrode to be measured before completion of surgery. PMID- 3236877 TI - Issues and themes in computer aided design for external prosthetics and orthotics. AB - Computer aided design systems are finding use in prosthetics and orthotics in the production of customized components to match to and support body segments. Such systems consist essentially at present of shape measurement, computer manipulation of shape, and manufacture of the support surface or its mould. General themes of design philosophy, relationship of shape and pressure for body segments, representation and presentation of shape information by computer, surface adjustments, measurements and manufacturing geometry are considered. Aspects of existing systems are presented to highlight issues which may be the subject of future developments. PMID- 3236878 TI - Equipment management: the Cinderella of bio-engineering. AB - In recent years the work associated with equipment maintenance has become increasingly important. As concern for efficiency grows, the use of expensive equipment is questioned more closely. The running costs associated with such equipment are seen to be of growing relevance. Nonetheless, it is important to examine the work of maintenance departments, to identify the salient features and to ensure that the service is run as efficiently as possible. It becomes clear that the necessary support is considerably more than mere maintenance. Complete equipment management must be provided. Further, appropriate performance indicators must be developed, not only to allow overall efficiency to be examined, but also to assist in the daily running of the service. Examples are drawn from a typical equipment management department. PMID- 3236879 TI - Incontinence pads: clinical performance, design and technical properties. AB - The paper describes the functional requirements of urinary incontinence pads and reviews the results of several studies which seek to relate the clinical performance of pads to their design and the technical properties of their constituent materials. Pad designs covered include: simple rectangular (for use with conventional pants or marsupial pants containing a pouch); wing-folded; shaped; and all-in-one infant-style diapers. Data on the clinical and technical properties of fluff wood pulp and hydrogel absorbents, and viscose rayon, polyester, polypropylene and polyethylene coverstocks are presented. Attention is focussed on four major aspects of pad function: freedom from leakage; freedom from discomfort and skin damage; ease of application and removal; and aesthetic properties. The relationships established between clinical and technical data will be of interest to health care professionals selecting products; organizations seeking to create standards; and pad designers. PMID- 3236880 TI - Tennessee changes vital records. PMID- 3236881 TI - Keeping the sharks away. PMID- 3236882 TI - AIDS and your patients. PMID- 3236883 TI - Acute and chronic effects of alcohol use on violence. AB - While the empirical association of drinking and problem drinking to violence is well established, the etiological nature of the relationship is poorly understood. Using data collected from 1,149 convicted male felons, the acute (drinking just before the violent event) and chronic (a psychiatric diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence) effects of alcohol use on violence were analyzed. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship of acute and chronic alcohol effects to incarceration for a violent offense and arrest for a violent offense, with demographic and criminal history factors controlled. The acute effects of alcohol were found to be significantly associated with incarceration for a violent offense, but the net explanatory capacity of acute alcohol effects was not large. Chronic alcohol effects were not significantly associated with incarceration for a violent offense or arrest for a violent offense in the previous year. The findings were interpreted as being consistent with the hypothesis that alcohol effects violence directly, acting through the acute effects of use, rather than indirectly through the effects of underlying or mediating factors. PMID- 3236884 TI - Using the Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test to study social drinkers: Tecumseh, Michigan. AB - The Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST), often given to clinical samples to detect alcoholics, was used in a survey of a randomly selected sample (N = 1,266) in a small midwestern town, with a population of about 10,000. The specific aims were: (1) to test if scores on the SMAST would be related to these normal subject's levels of drinking; (2) to test if the SMAST could identify a drinking group who had never sought treatment for alcohol-related problems, thus defining a potential subset for help; and (3) to appraise the SMAST as a research tool for use in a general population. Results show that the number of SMAST items endorsed is significantly but modestly correlated to drinking levels, with higher volume drinkers having higher scores. This prediction was improved by removing two items reporting "not normal" drinking that had caused SMAST scores to be spuriously high. Factor analysis of test items allowed construction of five rank ordered groups: those (1) reporting no alcohol-related SMAST problems; (2) described by two items, self-reported "not normal" drinking; (3) with one problem: "can't stop" drinking; (4) reporting problems but had not received treatment for them (the predicted group); and (5) reporting both problems and attempts at help with them (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous). These latter two groups had significantly higher scores on several other measures of alcohol-related behavior, as well as tests measuring emotional adjustment, notably Eysenck's Neuroticism Scale and Buss and Plomin's measure of Impulsivity. The SMAST demonstrates potential usefulness in selecting problem, no-problem and patterns of use in drinkers from a normal drinking population when clusters of items are constructed to be exclusive in a Guttman-like rank order, rather than by sheer number of items endorsed or use of simple factor scores. PMID- 3236885 TI - Visuospatial learning in elementary school children with and without a family history of alcoholism. AB - Chronic alcohol abuse has been consistently associated with cognitive deficits in right-hemisphere-mediated visuospatial operations. Recent evidence indicates that visuospatial deficits may be present in alcoholics prior to the onset of chronic heavy drinking, but it remains unclear whether such deficits are present prior to any alcohol exposure in persons at risk of developing alcoholism. The purpose of this study was to investigate visuospatial information processing in young children with and without a family history of alcoholism. Male and female elementary school children (N = 36), ranging in age from 6 to 11 years, served as participants. Of these children, 18 were from families in which one or both biologic parents had a history of alcoholism. The remaining 18 children had no family history of alcoholism or alcohol-related problems. During a single experimental session, each child received a visuospatial paired-associate learning task, requiring the learning of the spatial positions of five low semantic content "nonsense shapes." The learning performance of the children with a family history of alcoholism was significantly poorer than the performance displayed by the children with no family history of alcoholism. The family history positive children required significantly more trials to learning criterion, gave fewer correct responses and committed more errors. Further, an analysis of response-type frequency relative to the learning trials and analysis of response intercorrelations indicated that the pattern of learning displayed by the children with a family history of alcoholism was similar to that displayed by detoxified alcoholics during a similar learning task. PMID- 3236886 TI - Association of HLA antigens with alcoholic disease. AB - A sample of 30 alcoholic patients, selected according to a rigorous criterion, was compared with two samples of the general population with respect to the distribution of HLA antigens. The sole inclusion criterion was the presence of signs and symptoms of an alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The alcoholic sample did not differ from the general population sample with respect to ABO blood group distribution, and had minimal evidence of alcoholic liver disease. The alcoholic group showed highly significant differences from the two general population samples with respect to the HLA system, consisting of a much higher frequency of HLA B40 and DR4 antigens and a much lower frequency of DR3. The results are consistent with the view that alcoholism may have a precise genetic determination. PMID- 3236887 TI - Cataloging blood alcohol level and alcohol consumption data in field settings: feasibility and findings. AB - A team of two female interviewers, two male interview assistants, and one or two additional male observers were stationed in front of targeted drinking establishments to survey individuals about their drinking practices and to collect blood alcohol levels (BALs) using portable breath testers. Of the 176 individuals asked to participate, 156 (88%) consented to be interviewed and 141 (90%) provided breath samples. Of those tested, 40 (29%) were legally intoxicated (BAL greater than or equal to 100 mg/dl) while 68 (49%) registered a BAL of 50 mg/dl or greater. The mean BAL was 72 mg/dl. Individuals reporting that they were going to drive had significantly lower BALs than those planning not to drive. Subjects who thought they were legally intoxicated, on average, had BALs greater than the legal level of intoxication, and BALs significantly greater than those who felt they were not intoxicated. These data suggest that the collection of BAL, in combination with self-reported alcohol data, is an important component of methodologically sound alcohol field research. PMID- 3236888 TI - Measurement of organ blood flow in the rabbit. AB - A surgical procedure to facilitate the radioactive microsphere technique for simultaneously measuring cardiac output and its regional distribution has been developed. The procedure allows the use of either anesthetized or conscious rabbits. Organ blood flows in untreated and saline-treated conscious rabbits and saline-treated anesthetized rabbits were quantified and compared. First, comparison of data from the untreated and saline-treated conscious rabbits demonstrated a significantly lower hepatic blood flow in the untreated animals. Moreover, liver blood flow in the untreated animals was markedly less than literature values. Since the untreated rabbits were not handled on a regular basis prior to the blood flow study, it is suggested that anxiety may have caused the redistribution of splanchnic circulation. Secondly, comparison of the data from the conscious and anesthetized saline-treated rabbits demonstrated that total liver blood flow was similar and in agreement with literature values. Hence, either the conscious or anesthetized animal can be used to estimate liver blood flow. By contrast, blood flow to the kidney and caecum was significantly altered by anesthesia (propanidid: nitrous oxide: halothane), indicating that blood flow to these organs is best studied in the placid conscious rabbit. PMID- 3236890 TI - Model for the study of portal-systemic collateral vascular resistance in the conscious rat. AB - In order to obtain a model for the study of portal-systemic collateral vascular resistance, total portal vein occlusion was performed in rats 48 hr or 3 wk after partial obstruction. Four groups of conscious restrained rats were studied: a) sham-operated, b) partial portal vein ligated, c) 48 hr-total portal vein occluded, and d) 3 wk-total portal vein occluded. In comparison with the sham group, the three portal vein ligated groups had significantly higher cardiac output, portal tributary blood flow, portal pressure (7.7 +/- 0.4 versus 13.5 +/- 0.5, 13.6 +/- 0.8, and 17.7 +/- 1.1 mmHg, mean +/- SE, respectively) and hepatic arterial blood flow (5.8 +/- 0.6 versus 9.5 +/- 0.7, 8.3 +/- 0.5, and 13.9 +/- 1.9 ml/min, respectively). Cardiac output and portal tributary blood flow did not differ between the portal vein ligated groups, but portal pressure and hepatic arterial blood flow were significantly higher in the 3 wk-total portal vein occlusion group. The 3 wk-total portal vein occlusion group showed 99.1 +/- 0.3% shunting, different from the partial (29.7 +/- 16.9%, p less than 0.01) and 48 hr total portal vein occlusion (46.5 +/- 14.7%, p less than 0.05) groups. Portography confirmed absence of portal-portal collaterals in the 3 wk-total portal vein occlusion group. It is suggested that rats with 3 wk-total portal vein occlusion are useful for the study of acute modifications of portal-systemic collateral circulation, as shunting is total and consistent in this model. PMID- 3236889 TI - Classification of angiotensin receptors in rat isolated uterus, portal vein, and aorta using a slowly dissociating antagonist [Sar1,Ile8]ANG II for receptor blockade. AB - Receptor blockade with the slowly dissociating angiotensin (ANG) antagonist, [Sar1,Ile8]ANG II, was used to determine dissociation constants (Kd) for angiotensins II and III at receptors in rat isolated uterus, portal vein and aorta. The Kd values obtained were 1) ANG II: uterus, 2.2 +/- 1.2 X 10(-8)M; portal vein, 8.5 +/- 2.5 X 10(-9)M; aorta, 7.8 +/- 1.7 X 10(-9)M; and 2) ANG III: uterus, 5.7 +/- 1.7 X 10(-7)M; portal vein, 4.5 +/- 3.1 X 10(-7)M; aorta, 1.4 +/- 0.5 X 10(-7)M. For either ANG II or ANG III, there were no clearly significant differences in the Kd values obtained for the smooth muscle tissues investigated. The derived Kd values provided a relationship between receptor occupancy and response that illustrated that the two peptides had similar efficacies in all three tissues. The method provides a quantitative description of receptors and suggests that the angiotensin receptor is of the same type in all three tissues. PMID- 3236891 TI - Mechanical properties of the red cell membrane skeleton: analysis of axisymmetric deformations. AB - The mechanical properties of erythrocyte membrane composed of a membrane bilayer and membrane skeleton are considered. Two membrane models are described: the model of free boundaries (MFB) and the model of immobilized boundaries (MIB). In MFB, the skeleton is assumed to be attached to the bilayer at a finite number of points, whereas MIB allows the interaction of each spectrin filament with the bilayer along its whole length. For MFB an estimate was made of the mechanical strain generated in the membrane by sucking erythrocytes into a micropipette. The existence of the deformation threshold is demonstrated, below which no mechanical strain, except that of bending, appears in the membrane. Thus only deformations exceeding this threshold result in strain. The relationship between the applied tension and the height of erythrocyte "tongue" sucked into a micropipette was determined. The MIB characteristics correspond to the model of Evans: strains in the membrane are generated at any deformation, however small, i.e. the threshold is equal to zero. A basic feature of this model is quite a different distribution of the skeleton deformations in the membrane. A comparison of the theoretical models and experimental data demonstrated the possibility of either MFB or MIB occurring, depending on the characteristic measurement time. PMID- 3236892 TI - Flux ratio theorems for nonlinear membrane transport under nonstationary conditions. AB - We extend flux ratio theorems concerning ratios of unidirectional flux transients passed (in complementary experiments) through a medium of spatially inhomogeneous transport properties pertaining to diffusion, migration and temporary trapping of the transported substance. Any nonlinearity in the transport equations leads to a breakdown of the Ussing flux ratio theorem pertaining to all times. An integrated flux ratio theorem is proved for the case when the nonlinearity is in the kinetics of trapping, as when trapping sites can be saturated. The new theorem is shown to fail when the nonlinearity is due to a concentration-dependence of the diffusion coefficient, as in facilitated transport. The nature of a nonlinearity in membrane transport can therefore be elucidated experimentally by the use of the integrated flux ratio. PMID- 3236893 TI - Significance of cell size and tissue structure in electrical trauma. AB - High-voltage electrical trauma frequently leads to extensive and selective destruction of muscle and nerve tissue. In this paper, the mechanism of plasma membrane disruption due to the large transmembrane potentials imposed during electrical trauma is used to explain the particular susceptibility of muscle and nerve cells to damage. It is proposed that this vulnerability is partially due to the relatively large size of these cells. A distributed-parameter electric cable model of an elongated cell is used to examine the alteration of the transmembrane potential caused by a 60 Hz electric field applied parallel to the long axis of the cell. The maximum predicted transmembrane potential occurs at the ends of the cell and is strongly cell-size dependent. Theories are discussed which illustrate how this could explain the predisposition of skeletal muscle to cell membrane breakdown and rupture. The predicted effect of either close-neighboring cells in a tissue or cell contact with cortical bone is even greater induced transmembrane potentials and increased probability of rupture. This is the first hypothesis which explains the clinically-observed pattern of tissue damage resulting from electrical trauma. PMID- 3236894 TI - Testosterone levels, handedness and sex ratio at birth. AB - Geschwind has hypothesized that levels of androgens in utero affect postnatal laterality preferences, high levels being associated with left-handedness of offspring. I have hypothesized that high parental androgen levels at the time of conception are associated with subsequent male births. However, left-handed parents seem to produce an excess of female, not male, offspring. This finding could be reconciled with the two hypotheses if individuals who were exposed to high levels of androgens in utero had low circulating levels in adulthood. Some evidence for this loophole is reviewed here. Lyster & Lloyd (1987, J. theor. Biol. 126, 125) have reported that (consistent with the hypotheses) index left handed men have an excess of brothers; but, contrary to the hypotheses, index left-handed women have an excess of sisters. Accordingly these authors proposed that left-handedness in females is associated not with high levels of androgen in utero, but with a "sensitivity" to it. If such sensitivity were associated with low androgen levels, it might explain an excess of sisters among the sibs of left handed women. It is shown here that evidence in agreement with this hypothesis (though not discriminating between it and Geschwind's) suggests that the sex ratios of offspring of LH male x RH female and of RH male x LH female matings, are both low. PMID- 3236895 TI - A model for the generation of intra-uterine pressure in the human parturient uterus which demonstrates the critical role of the cervix. AB - A mathematical model is presented which describes the relationship between intrauterine pressure and uterine wall tension. Wall tension is evaluated in terms of muscular contraction in an active myometrium and the modulating effect of a passive, compliant cervix. Using a computer programme which simulates the recruitment of contractile elements in the uterine wall, it is possible to generate theoretical pressure waveforms. The effects on these waveforms produced by changing cervical properties are demonstrated and compared with observed phenomena. The physiological and clinical implications are evaluated. PMID- 3236896 TI - Topography and ultrastructure of kidney lymphatics in some hibernating bats. AB - The kidney lymphatic system of some bats consists of intraparenchymal (interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular) and extraparenchymal vessels (capsular and prehilar connective). These vessels drain lymph via precollecting and prenodal collecting lymphatics into a hilar lymph node. There are no lymphatics in the renal medulla. The lymphatic vasculature (precollecting vessels excluded) is characterized by an endothelial wall lacking basal lamina and fenestrations. The endothelial cells, mostly rectangular in shape, are joined together by overlapping, end-to-end, and complex interdigitating junctions. Cytoplasmic expansions profile and thickness, intercellular junctions and particularly the different categories of uncoated vesicles (free or opened on luminal or abluminal surface) show qualitative and quantitative seasonal variations. Luminal and abluminal cytoplasmic processes appear (when analyzed in tridimensional reconstructions) as "intraendothelial channels." The increased number of these structures during summer characterizes them as dynamic elements and supports the concept of an active role played by them in transendothelial transport. Nevertheless, the main functional role is still ascribed (in addition to membrane transport mechanisms) to the vesicular system, also defined as the "vesicular route." We did not find any open intercellular junctions. PMID- 3236897 TI - Localized hepatic oil embolization following lymphography. PMID- 3236898 TI - The lymphatic drainage of the pericardial space in the dog. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize definitively the lymphatic drainage system of the pericardial space in the dog. The reports on this subject, based on dissection experiments and acute dye injections, remain controversial, and our own previous studies have been incomplete. Seventeen dogs were studied using a radiographic technique. Micropulverized barium sulfate instilled into the pericardial sac was followed with serial chest x-rays in seven dogs with intact cardiac lymphatics, in seven dogs after section of the cardiac lymphatic drainage node (the cardiac lymph node) in the right upper mediastinum, and in three dogs after resection of cardiac drainage lymphatic nodes in the left upper mediastinum. These studies revealed that the lymphatic drainage of the pericardial space is via (a) the principal coronary lymphatic which drains from the left ventricular muscle and passes to the right upper mediastinum via the cardiac lymph node, (b) the lesser coronary lymphatic which drains the right ventricular muscle and passes to the left upper mediastinum, and (c) bilateral internal mammary (parasternal) lymphatic chains. These observations are important in planning experimental approaches to the effects of impairment of lymph drainage from the pericardial space. An understanding of the lymph drainage from the pericardial space may prove significant to understanding fibrotic reactions within it and the pathologic mechanisms of such entities as constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 3236899 TI - Lymph node siderosis in trypan blue treated rats. AB - The accumulation of iron in the lymph nodes of trypan blue treated rats was examined as a possible experimental counterpart of the lymph node siderosis which occurs in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Lymph nodes removed from the hilus of the liver, retrosternal area, axilla and root of the small bowel mesentery were examined histologically for iron in rats receiving 6-20 subcutaneous injections of trypan blue at biweekly intervals and in control rats. An increase in erythrophagocytosis accompanied by a progressive increase in the amount of stainable iron was found in the RE cells of nodes located in the lymphatic outflow tract of the liver. As in patients with Hodgkin's disease, an increase in erythrophagocytosis together with the prolonged retention of iron by RE cells appears to account for the accumulation of iron in the lymph nodes of trypan blue treated rats. PMID- 3236900 TI - Passageway for recirculating lymphocytes in lymph node of the rat. PMID- 3236901 TI - Lymphedema in the developing and developed world: contrasts and prospects. PMID- 3236902 TI - Edema resulting from experimental filariasis. AB - Domestic cats and patas monkeys were infected with Brugia malayi so that the worms localized in the regional lymphatics of the hind legs. Reaction to the filarial parasites resulted in visible local edema in cats and disruption of normal lymph flow in the monkeys. Edematous tissue was examined grossly and by light and electron microscopy. Lymph flow patterns were examined by direct observation following injection of lymph staining dye and reflection of the skin, by X-ray following injection of radio-opaque contrast media, and by lymphscintigraphy after subcutaneous injection of radioisotopes. Clinical edema occurred in cats but not in monkeys. However, disruption of normal lymph flow in monkeys infected with Brugia could be demonstrated by lymphscintigraphy. PMID- 3236903 TI - Pathologic changes and immunologic responses in Brugia pahangi infected dogs. PMID- 3236904 TI - Whole body lymphangioscintigraphy in ferrets chronically infected with Brugia malayi. AB - Whole body lymphangioscintigraphy was performed after intradermal injection of 99mtechnetium human serum albumin or antimony colloid in the distal hindlimbs and forelimbs of ferrets chronically infected with Brugia malayi. The findings were compared with control ferrets and those with surgical interruption of the iliac lymphatics. While only one infected ferret manifested chronic hindlimb lymphedema, all exhibited delayed transport of radioisotope from the hindpaw with obstruction in the groin, poor or absent visualization of central lymphatic channels and regional lymph nodes, a picture similar to that following surgically induced lymphatic obstruction. In control ferrets, there was prompt visualization of peripheral lymphatic channels and regional lymph nodes with sharper and more extensive channel visualization after radiolabeled albumin and more intense sustained nodal visualization after radiolabeled antimony colloid. This noninvasive technique provides a readily repeatable investigative tool adaptable to small animals to study the evolution of lymphatic filariasis and other conditions associated with lymphatic obstruction. PMID- 3236905 TI - Effects of age on the number and histochemical properties of muscle fibers and motoneurons in the rat extensor digitorum longus muscle. AB - The number and histochemical properties of muscle fibers and motoneurons were studied in the extensor digitorum longus muscle in female albino rats at the ages of 10, 60 and 120 weeks. The number of fast twitch glycolytic (FG) fibers was decreased at 60 weeks, while that of fast twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) fibers was decreased at 120 weeks. The number and oxidative enzyme activity of motoneurons were decreased later at 120 weeks. Thus, it is suggested that the decrease in FG fibers at 60 weeks was due to selective muscle fiber atrophy or to degeneration of neuromuscular junctions, while on the other hand, the decrease in FOG fibers at 120 weeks was due mainly to both a decrease in motoneurons and a type shift of fibers from FOG to FG. PMID- 3236906 TI - Age-related changes in functions of peripheral blood phagocytes. AB - Ingestion, digestion and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBC), as effector functions of peripheral blood phagocytes, were studied in newborns, children, mature and aged adults. All tested functions changed non-synchronously during the lifetime. The ingestion was maximal in newborns, digestion in children and ADCC in mature adults. The ingestion was minimal in aged, but digestion was minimal both in newborns and aged. Such changes of phagocytes' functions could possibly contribute to differences in immune reactions of the age-groups studied. The study indicates the need for establishing age-adjusted normal values for major granulocyte and monocyte effector functions. PMID- 3236907 TI - Prolactin cells and plasma prolactin levels in the aging male Wistar rat: an immunocytochemical and biochemical study. AB - Non-neoplastic pituitary glands of 12 age-groups of 10 male Wistar rats (subpopulation 1) and of 228 rats with age-related disorders (population 2) were studied. For subpopulation 1 a positive correlation was found between body weight, pars distalis volume and total prolactin (PRL)-cell volume. These values increased during the first half of the life span and decreased to values similar to that found in young rats, after the 50% survival age was reached. Age-related changes were found with respect to the distribution of the PRL cells (from homogeneous into non-homogeneous) and to their ultrastructural features (PRL cells with polymorphic granules were substituted by cells with round granules). Pituitary glands of disordered aged rats (subpopulation 2) showed a similar non homogeneous distribution of PRL cells. Plasma PRL levels of both subpopulations were similar. No age-related increase of plasma PRL level was found in rats with non-neoplastic pituitary glands. PMID- 3236908 TI - An antioxidant induced alterations in peroxidase activity in ageing Zaprionus paravittiger (Diptera). AB - Sodium hypophosphite (1 x 10(3) microM) supplementation in the diet of Zaprionus paravittiger resulted in adaptive responses in the quantitative as well as qualitative activity of peroxidase. The changes in peroxidase were in compliance with the earlier reported sodium hypophosphite (SHP)-induced prolonged life span of flies (Wadhwa, R., Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr., 6 (1987) 141-147) and support the concept that antioxidative enzymes may serve as important longevity determinants. PMID- 3236909 TI - All about you. PMID- 3236910 TI - Time out! PMID- 3236911 TI - Do you suffer from job burnout? PMID- 3236912 TI - Outsource--a new buzzword; or, should you use subcontractors? PMID- 3236913 TI - Titanium: metal of the future? PMID- 3236914 TI - [Clinical analysis of the first consecutive 145 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3236915 TI - [Changes in hemostasis in drug addicts]. PMID- 3236916 TI - [Serum C4 concentration, diabetes mellitus and diabetic microangiopathy]. PMID- 3236917 TI - [Use of the family APGAR index in family medicine: a measurement of family dysfunction caused by alcohol. Initial experience in 201 patients]. PMID- 3236918 TI - [Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a new entity?]. PMID- 3236919 TI - [Ontogeny and differentiation of mastocytes]. PMID- 3236920 TI - [Fulminating infection caused by DF-2]. PMID- 3236921 TI - [A guide on the use of blood and blood components. A group for the study of immunohematology and hemotherapy]. PMID- 3236922 TI - [Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis as a presenting feature of infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 3236923 TI - [Usefulness of the Western blot in the diagnosis of congenital human immunodeficiency virus infection]. PMID- 3236924 TI - [The district hospital and cranio-cerebral injuries]. PMID- 3236925 TI - [Supratentorial hemangiomas in Von Hippel-Lindau disease]. PMID- 3236926 TI - [Hospital utilization in Spain: potential effects of the reform of primary health care]. PMID- 3236928 TI - [Role of primary health care centers in decongestion of hospitals]. PMID- 3236927 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension in the Murcia region. Analysis of its course from 1981 to 1986. Data from a longitudinal epidemiological study, Murcia HTA/81]. PMID- 3236929 TI - [ Professional secret and the press]. PMID- 3236930 TI - [Scleroderma and Graves-Basedow disease]. PMID- 3236931 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological study of 57 cases of bacteremia caused by Klebsiella]. PMID- 3236932 TI - [Treatment of pancreatic apudomas with a somatostatin analog SMS 201-995]. PMID- 3236933 TI - [Enteritis caused by Blastocystis hominis]. PMID- 3236934 TI - [Value of thin-needle aspiration puncture of peripheral lymph nodes in primary health care services]. PMID- 3236935 TI - Effect of domperidone on the contractility of isolated guinea-pig atria. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate whether or not dopamine receptors are responsible for the cardiac action of domperidone and to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of the cardiac effects of this compound. In isolated electrically driven guinea-pig atria, domperidone (0.1-30 microM) produced a negative inotropic effect (-56.7 +/- 4.9% at 30 microM) and at a concentration of 0.1 microM significantly decreased the positive inotropic response to histamine (0.5-271 microM). In spontaneously beating guinea-pig atria, domperidone failed to modify the chronotropic responses elicited by dopamine and noradrenaline. In the isolated guinea-pig ileum, domperidone alone did not produce any effect, but produced a right-ward displacement of the contractile dose-response curve to histamine. At concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 microM, domperidone also depressed the maximum response to histamine. The results obtained suggest that the negative inotropic effect of domperidone is not due to dopamine or adrenergic receptor antagonism. This cardiac effect of domperidone can be partially explained by its influence on the effects of histamine acting on H1-receptors, although other mechanisms may be involved. PMID- 3236936 TI - Potency ratio for the inhibition of 3H-QNB and 3H-cis-methyldioxolane binding predicts agonist or antagonist activity on muscarinic receptors. AB - 3H-Quinuclidinyl benzylate (3H-QNB) and 3H-cis-methyldioxolane (3H-CD) binding to cholinergic muscarinic receptors have been carried out on the same membrane preparation from the rat brain cortex. Inhibition of 3H-QNB and 3H-CD binding by cholinergic muscarinic agonists and antagonists has been studied with determination of the IC50 values for each ligand. Antagonists were as potent at inhibiting 3H-QNB binding as 3H-CD binding. Muscarinic agonists were much less potent at inhibiting 3H-QNB binding than 3H-CD binding. The ratio of the IC50 values for the inhibition of the binding of 3H-QNB and 3H-CD was between 1 and 10 for antagonists and between 500 and 5000 for agonists. It is suggested that the determination of this ratio predicts agonist or antagonist activity of unknown compounds and represents a useful tool for their screening. PMID- 3236938 TI - Comparative study of immunomodulating activity of Indian medicinal plants, lithium carbonate and glucan. AB - The protective effects of Asparagus racemosus (AR) and Tinospora cordifolia (TC) against myelosuppression induced by single doses of cyclophosphamide (CP) have been previously reported. Presented here are the results of a comparative study between AR, TC, glucan and lithium carbonate against the myelosuppressive effects of single and multiple doses of cyclophosphamide in mice. Cyclophosphamide was administered as a single dose 200 mg/kg subcutaneously to one group of mice, while a second group received 3 doses of 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Both groups received AR, TC and lithium orally for 15 days before CP. Glucan was administered intravenously in 3 doses, before cyclophosphamide in the first group and together with cyclophosphamide in the second group. In both groups peripheral and differential WBC counts were done before and after drug treatment and serially after cyclophosphamide injection. All four drugs produced leucocytosis with neutrophilia. When compared to control group, all 4 drugs prevented, to varying degrees, leucopenia produced by cyclophosphamide. We conclude, therefore, that both indigenous plants, AR and TC, are potent immunostimulants, with effects comparable to lithium and glucan. They need further evaluation in patients receiving cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 3236937 TI - Effect of some benzamide derivatives on stress-induced behavior and striatum dopamine receptors. AB - The effects of a new benzamide derivative LIS-630 and the well-known neuroleptic, tiapride, were studied on stress-induced hyper- and hypoactive emotional behavioral reaction of animals depending on the individual ability for perceptive cognitive activity in stress situations, and their affinity to striatal DA receptors. A modified variant of forced swimming method was used. The affinity of the substances to striatal DA receptors was studied by the radioligand binding method using 3H-spiroperidol. The results show that the psychopharmacological profile of LIS-630 differs significantly from the neuroleptic, tiapride. LIS-630 restored escape behavior from stress situation after preliminary exposure of rats to forced swimming and did not disturb escape behavior in animals more resistant to emotional hypoactivity. LIS-630 reduced immobility time at forced swimming. However, it is not effective in preventing hyperemotional reactions induced by L dopa and stress. The radioligand binding study shows that LIS-630 did not displace 3H-spiroperidol from the binding sites of striatum membranes. The parameters of displacement with tiapride were satisfactory. PMID- 3236939 TI - Practice effect of volunteers in repeated psychometric testing. How to handle this intervening variable in clinical pharmacology studies? AB - Performance in psychometric tests may show a practice effect with repeated testing. Ideally, a plateau of efficiency should be reached prior to first drug intake. In order to assess the period of familiarization in a multiple choice reaction task (MCRT) 17 healthy subjects practiced the test up to 36 times in the drug free run-in period of 2 trials. A tentative "inclusion criterion" was used in 7 subjects to decide whether their learning phase could be regarded as being finished. Seven to 20 training sessions were required for a first rapid learning phase. There were remarkable differences in the absolute performance of the subjects and in the time course of their practice effect. However, the time course of the learning phase was not dependent on the absolute performance level. By means of the tentative "inclusion criterion" it was possible to reject a subject with a low but highly variable performance. However, it was not stringent enough to indicate the final plateau of efficiency. More "drug free" data concerning the practice effect should be published to enable the users of psychometric tests to make a reasonable selection according to their needs and to help them design their trials properly. PMID- 3236940 TI - Lack of antihistamine properties of single dose cinnarizine in man. AB - A simple way to study a histamine antagonist in man is to observe the effect it has on the magnitude of the skin reaction to intradermal histamine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antihistamine activity of single oral doses of 75 mg cinnarizine using 75 mg diphenhydramine as control, both being compared to placebo. The study was performed with two groups of 5 healthy subjects, each group receiving one of the active treatments or placebo randomly under blind conditions. All subjects received intradermal injections on the forearm of a 0.05 ml saline solution containing 5 micrograms of histamine before and at different times after drug intake. The histamine-induced wheal area was measured and, after drug administration, the percent decrease of the wheal area was calculated. Results showed that diphenhydramine produced a significant inhibition of the histamine-induced wheal size at 1.5 h which lasted up to 4 h after drug administration, reaching maximum inhibition at 2.5 h. After cinnarizine treatment no significant decrease of the histamine-induced wheal area was observed at any time. PMID- 3236941 TI - 5-Aminosalicylic acid in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission: plasma levels after administration of a new rectal enema. AB - Plasma levels of total 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) were determined after a single administration of 2 g and 4 g 5-ASA enemas to 6 patients with ulcerative colitis. The mean plasma levels and AUC values confirmed that the active substance is poorly absorbed by rectal route. PMID- 3236942 TI - Cholinergic mechanism in cholecystokinin action on gall bladder motility. AB - The participation of cholinergic mechanisms in cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCKOP) action on canine gall bladder was studied in vivo and in vitro, using three different experimental conditions. In vitro the responses of canine gall bladder smooth muscle to CCKOP (0.01 to 10 nm) were insensitive to atropine (1 to 10 microM) and tetrodotoxin (3 microM). When gall bladder muscle preparations were contracted by field electrical stimulation (0.7 ms, 40 Hz) CCKOP (0.001 to 0.1 nM) enhanced these contractions while atropine (1 microM) abolished them. This suggests that CCKOP is able to influence acetylcholine (ACH)-release from intrinsic cholinergic nerve terminals. In vivo the responses of canine gall bladder smooth muscle to CCKOP (1 to 10 ng/kg i.v.) were reduced and even abolished by atropine (10 to 50 micrograms/kg i.v.) and hexamethonium (0.5 to 3 mg/kg i.v.). The results suggest the participation of at least two mechanisms in CCKOP action on canine gall bladder motility: a direct action on smooth muscle cells, insensitive to atropine or tetrodotoxin, and an indirect action, which is dependent on pre- and post ganglionic cholinergic pathways. PMID- 3236943 TI - Involvement of GABA in environmental temperature-induced change in body temperature. AB - Acute exposure of adult male albino rats (110-120 g) to higher environmental temperature (40 +/- 1 degrees C) increased body temperature (BT). This increase of BT was also dependent on the duration of exposure. Treatment with muscimol (1 mg/kg, i.p.), a GABA agonist, produced hypothermia at room temperature (28 +/- 1 degree C) and resistance to increase the body temperature when exposed to higher temperature (40 +/- 1 degree C). Administration of bicuculline (1 mg/kg, i.p.), a GABA antagonist, on the other hand, enhanced BT more than that observed in control (normal) rat exposed to higher temperature (40 +/- 1 degree C), although at room temperature bicuculline treatment did not show any effect on BT. Pretreatment with ethanolamine-O-sulfate (EOS) (2 g/kg, s.c.), a GABA transaminase inhibitor, to rats exposed to higher temperature increased BT as in control (normal) rat. Inhibition of central GAD activity with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) (70 mg/kg, i.p.) produced resistance to increase BT during its period of action when rats were exposed to higher environmental temperature (28 +/- 1 degree C). These results thus suggest that central inhibitory neuron, GABA, plays a regulatory role in thermoregulation. PMID- 3236944 TI - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rat. II. Lipid and lipid peroxide changes of lipoprotein fractions in diabetes complicated by hypertension and myocardial infarction. AB - Lipid peroxide levels and plasma lipids were studied in plasma lipoprotein fractions of streptozotocin diabetic rats, spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) + diabetes, and in myocardial infarction rats (MIR) + diabetes. The duration of diabetes in all experimental groups was 2.5 months. We found a tendency of elevation of cholesterol in VLDL and fall in HDL2 but the differences were not significant. Total plasma triglycerides were increased in the three diabetic groups, and the increase was due to LDL fraction but again the differences were not significant. The lipid peroxide (LP) level in total plasma showed a significant increase in the three diabetic groups: in Wistar diabetic rats LP increased 3 times, in MIR + diabetes 3.5 times, and in SHR + diabetes 5 times. The increase of LP in the three diabetic groups was due to LDL with good correlation (r = 0.60) between LP and triglycerides in LDL of the three diabetic groups. The results are in agreement with the concept of the importance of lipoprotein fraction changes: increased cholesterol, triglycerides and lipid peroxides in atherogenic (VLDL and LDL) fractions, and decreased levels in antiatherogenic (HDL, HDL2) fractions in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3236945 TI - Stepwise precipitation method of human blood lipoproteins for clinical routine. AB - A three-step precipitation method for separate measurement of the lipid and protein composition of the main serum lipoprotein classes has been developed. The consecutive procedure applying phosphotungstic acid, polyethylene glycol and dextran sulfate makes the analysis of chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 possible. Because of simplicity and appropriate accuracy the method may be suitable for systematical use in clinical laboratories. A relatively large scale investigation on hyperlipidemic patients by clinics disposing of regular service could be managed with the aid of the method. In this study the lipoprotein composition of a limited number of normal, type IIA and type IV hyperlipidemic patients has been investigated. The results were compared to the international standard values. PMID- 3236947 TI - [Proceedings of the German Surgical Society, 105th session. 6-9 April 1988]. PMID- 3236946 TI - Unreliability of the Cold Pressor Test Method in pain studies. AB - The Cold Pressor Test Method is one of the most widely used techniques in laboratory pain studies. Many research projects use it to evaluate analgesic therapies, including pharmacological methods. However, a review of these projects shows that both the way in which the test is applied and the results obtained from it differ widely. There is, therefore, an urgent need to establish optimal conditions under which reliable results can be obtained. We have analyzed the effect of test repetition on parameters normally used in this method. Our results show great variability, especially in some subjects, in the measurement of pain threshold, withdrawal threshold and subjective pain. Standardization of the technique, design of new evaluation methods and continual recording of the way in which subjects interact with laboratory conditions must be developed if we want to find valid results with the Cold Pressor Test method in pain studies. PMID- 3236948 TI - [Surgery of varicose veins. Surgical errors and complications]. AB - It is necessary to distinguish between complications that cannot be avoided and those that can through knowledge of the special risks of the surgical procedure. Special complications that cannot be avoided include bleeding in the saphenous channel, loss of sensitivity, damage of lymphatic vessels, pigmentation of the leg, and the very rare postoperative pulmonary embolization. A preoperative diagnosis based on a careful physical examination, phlebography and Doppler ultrasound will help avert unnecessary mistakes. PMID- 3236949 TI - [Endoscopic dissection of perforating veins]. AB - The eradication of incompetent perforating veins in combination with fasciotomy is an effective way of treating advanced postphlebitic leg ulcers. Our newly developed endoscopic instrument can be used with both techniques. First the superficial fasciae of the leg are split, and then the perforating veins at different levels are located, injected with anticoagulant and severed. Preliminary clinical studies have reported very encouraging results: leg ulcers healed in all cases and the venous function was improved. PMID- 3236950 TI - [Surgery of varicose veins. Late results in relation to vessel morphology]. AB - A survey of the literature on the long-term results of surgical treatment for varicose veins is given. The recurrence of varicose veins after operative treatment is shown to result from inadequate surgical technique and other causes. Vascular-morphological data indicating possible deterioration of long-term results if not considered sufficiently are presented. The main requirements for good long-term results are (1) adequate diagnosis and (2) meticulous surgical technique. PMID- 3236951 TI - [Popliteo-femoral venous reconstruction: indications and results]. AB - In cases of a serious post-thrombotic syndrome in which conservative treatment has failed, the possibility of a venous femoralis bypass should be considered. Prerequisites for this procedure are an adaequate v. saphena magna and an open or recanalised v. poplitea at the confluens of the vv. tib. post. et vv. fib. This method was first described by May and Husni; we have modified it by replacing the original end-to-side anastomosis with a more effective end-to-end anastomosis and have added a subfascial av-fistula. Both procedures lower the ambulatory venous pressure. This operation has been performed 23 times; the paper presents the late results from 18 patients, 5 of whom underwent the operation over 8 years ago. PMID- 3236953 TI - [Reconstructive interventions of the superior vena cava]. AB - Twenty-nine reconstructions of the vena cava superior were performed: twice due to obliterating mediastinopericarditis, twice because of post-traumatic thrombosis, 4 times because of iatrogenic thrombosis, once because of an arteriovenous fistula and 24 times due to malignant tumours. In nine of the latter cases a large resection with prosthetic repair of the vena cava superior was necessary; one of these patients died and the others had no recurrence of thrombosis. PMID- 3236952 TI - [Reconstruction of unilateral iliac vein occlusion]. AB - From 1 July 1971 through 6 June 1987, 46 of 10,644 reconstructive vascular interventions were Palma-operations. The morphological operability was ascertained by ascending phlebography and the functional indication by phlebodynamometry. The autologous contralateral saphenous vein was used in 19 patients as a transplant, whereas 27 patients received a spiral-wrap polytetrafluoraethylene (PTFE) prosthesis. All patients were given a temporary av fistula. Followup was possible in 15 of the 19 autologous operations and in 25 of the 27 PTFE operations. Ten vein transplants and 21 PTFE transplants were still patent. PMID- 3236954 TI - [Reconstructive interventions of the inferior vena cava]. AB - Reconstructive procedures have superceded the lower vena cava ligature. Especially in cases of vena cava thrombosis, surgical reconstruction requires a different procedure depending on the origin, extent, and age of the thrombus. Currently even the new improved prosthetic materials used for alloplastic vena cava replacement may not replace the temporary av-fistula. Vena cava lesions demand immediate repair via a ventral transperitoneal access and reconstruction instead of ligature. PMID- 3236955 TI - [Sprains and dislocations of large joints. The shoulder joint]. AB - Injuries of the shoulder joint require exact diagnostic assessment. Soft tissue lesions which lead to instability of the joint must be recognized and treated adequately. Besides clinical and radiological examination, arthroscopy and sonography are becoming increasingly important. Acute sprain of the shoulder joint without instability is treated by a short immobilisation followed by active exercises, sprain (distorsion) with instability (dislocation!) may be treated by short immobilisation (two weeks) and early functional exercises or operatively by repair of a Bankart lesion, rupture of the rotatorcuff etc. A correlation between duration of immobilisation and subsequent recurrent dislocation has not be proven yet. PMID- 3236956 TI - [Dislocations of the elbow joint]. AB - In a collective follow-up study the results of conservative and operative treatment of luxations of the elbow joint were assessed. In all, 433 patients were followed-up; 315 of them had a ligamentous injury, 225 flake fractures. Because of the amount of soft and bone tissue damage, 241 patients were treated operatively. The functional results of these operations were good in 90% and comparable to those in patients receiving conservative treatment. This confirms that operative treatment of elbow luxations has to be recommended in cases with considerable ligamentous and bone damage. PMID- 3236957 TI - [Sprain and dislocation of the hip joint]. AB - Traumatic dislocations of the hip, while very infrequent injuries, must be treated with the utmost urgency. The later the adjustment is made, the sooner aseptic necrosis of the femoral head and periarticular ossification have to be reckoned with; these may lead to dysfunction. The results of 40 cases are reported, one-half of which was treated with two-week extension and a long period of non-weight bearing, the other half without extension, early mobilisation and partial weight bearing up the 11th week. The results in each group are equally good. Thus, we endorse Lorenz Bohler's proposal to follow the immediate repositioning with a short inpatient treatment and early mobilisation, increasing to full-weight bearing after one week and certifying working capability after 3 to 4 weeks. PMID- 3236958 TI - [The ankle joint fork and tarsus]. AB - Severe soft tissue injury occurring in sprains and dislocations may lead to painful disability after plaster-immobilisation for 6-12 weeks. Therefore, primary operation is indicated for ligamentous repair, osteochondral fracture fixation and internal K-wire stabilization of dislocations after reduction. After 1 week of immobilisation, the patient should begin active daily muscle exercises; in the 2nd week patients are mobilized with support of a dynamic, partial weight bearing splint, allowing continued muscle exercises until weight-bearing is possible 6-8 weeks after surgery. In 23 patients undergoing operations for acute dislocations excellent results were obtained in 14 (60%) and fair results in 7 (30%), while two patients (10%) had to have legs amputated because of arterial thrombosis and vascular disease. PMID- 3236959 TI - [First aid and diagnosis of spinal injuries]. AB - One of the most neglected lesions are spinal fractures for which early diagnosis is essential. Deviation of the spinal axis must be avoided during emergency treatment and transport. X-ray diagnosis must focus on the injured segment, and indirect radiological signs are also important. A CT-scan is the optimal means of early diagnosis. Emergency reduction is indicated in cases of neurological deficit and severe kyphosis. In such cases reduction means decompression. PMID- 3236960 TI - [Acute management of spinal injuries. The cervical spine, conservative therapy]. AB - Stable injuries of the cervical spine can be treated with a cervical collar. Unstable injuries that do not require repositioning can be immobilized with a Minerva plaster cast. Crutchfield's extension is used for extension of short duration during repositioning before setting a cast or performing surgery and for long-term extension in cases of transverse lesions of the spinal cord. The Halo apparatus is especially suitable for treatment requiring extension of long duration when there are no symptoms of transverse lesions of the spinal cord. PMID- 3236961 TI - [Accomplishments of tumor surgery in tumors of the large intestine]. AB - Surgical therapy of primary colorectal cancer follows the guidelines of oncological surgery. Radical and radicular dissection of the lymphatic drainage of the primary tumor results in an increased rate of curative resection and a decreased rate of locoregional recurrences. The more standardized resection techniques have led to lower rates of anastomotic leakage and perioperative mortality. While new technology such as PET facilitates discrimination between local recurrences and scar tissues, it has not been proven that adjuvant perioperative therapy improves survival rates. Colectomy and ileo-anal pouch formation allows a sphincter-sparing treatment of patients with adenomatosis coli and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3236962 TI - [Accomplishments of tumor surgery in tumors of the skin]. AB - Skin tumours are classified by potential for causing disease and skin layer involvement. Primary diagnosis of skin tumours is established by escision biopsy, i.e. narrow excision of the tumour-adjacent tissue. Depending on the histological results, a secondary excision may be required. In this procedure a malignant tumour is assumed during the primary excision, which is performed according to "relaxed skin tension lines." Besides the fundamental interconnection of diagnostic and therapeutic principles the cosmetic-aesthetic aspects of skin tumour treatment are of utmost importance. Every operation performed for skin tumour follows the rules of plastic surgery. PMID- 3236963 TI - [Accomplishments of tumor surgery in tumors of the lymphatic system]. AB - Malignant lymphomas behave like localised tumors and should be removed by radical operation. Stage, histology, type of surgery and postoperative therapy significantly influence prognosis. Curative resections should be carried out in stage I/1 and I/2, palliative resections in all other stages. Postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy is currently obligatory in all stages except I/1 and I/2. PMID- 3236964 TI - [The limited viewpoint, the media--a medical aggravation]. AB - The reduced view results from a discrepancy between the gigantic supply of the media and the limited capacity of the consumer to intellectually process a wealth of impressions. These remain as gross clichees, which the media repeatedly use as thematically fixed, emotionally charged currency. These tendencies reach everywhere, determining which groups of facts we see and in what light we see them. Before the advent of the mass media, opinions were based on direct observations made in a human context. The mass media, in contrast, supply an indirect, impersonal and machine based opinion to an overwhelmingly anonymous public. Understanding is only possible by reducing complexity, mainly by rigorous selection. We live without reflection in a world of simplified pictures, ideas and contexts, becoming aware of their faults only when we are personally involved. PMID- 3236965 TI - [The informed society--illusion or reality?]. AB - Information about reality conveyed by electronic images leads to naivete--"I saw it with my own eyes"--and thus to the special credibility of television. There is a lack of awareness of "a reduced perspective" (H. Imdahl), of the fact that the television camera selects images for inclusion. Selection is very much influenced by the journalists' attitudes. Since the views of the experts often diverge greatly from those of journalists on important contemporary questions and the media predominantly reflect the views of the journalists, this gives rise to the problem of a "well-informed society," which in many respects is an illusion. PMID- 3236966 TI - [Surgery and the mass media in search of conflict resolution. The press]. PMID- 3236967 TI - [Surgery and the media in search of conflict resolution. The radio]. PMID- 3236969 TI - [Conflicts from the viewpoint of the surgeon]. AB - Media-related subjects of conflict include (1) the media's limited but major focus on information, sensation and entertainment; (2) information first published before research done; (3) journalistic eagerness to hide nothing and say everything; (4) permanent onesided praise of surgery creating high utopian expectations; (5) false, at least, exaggerated promises of more than medicine can justify; (6) extreme critics making personal accusations already upon suspicion of surgical errors; (7) stepmotherly treatment of surgical routine, its accomplishments and pressures. PMID- 3236968 TI - [The informed society: television and surgery]. AB - To understand the conflicts between media and surgery better, the working conditions of TV were examined. It was evident that the conflicts between surgery and media are mostly based on conflicts between surgeons and patients. When these conflicts are reduced, the conflicts with the media will also be reduced. The consequences for surgeons are (1) inform as openly and actively as possible, (2) react as openly and actively as possible, and (3) reduce conflicts by an exemplary medicine. PMID- 3236970 TI - [Conflicts from the viewpoint of the journalist]. PMID- 3236971 TI - [AIDS: means of transmission in the hospital and preventive measures]. PMID- 3236972 TI - [Evaluating computerized tomography and other procedures]. AB - In computed tomography (CT) an object is scanned with X-rays from different angles. The digitally recorded data of the absorption values or profiles are used in a mathematical algorithm to reconstruct an image, which is then converted into an gray-scale image for reproduction. CT imaging replaces various modalities that give less sufficient information. It is safe, without risk, painless, faster and more cost efficient. CT reduces costs by 30 to 50%; the amount of cost reduction can be verified. PMID- 3236973 TI - [Assessment of technology in intensive care medicine]. AB - In recent years intensive care medicine has been accused of becoming a purely technological medicine. Those of this opinion, however, fail to realize that automatic ECG and blood pressure monitoring have improved the safety and validity of vital parameters and have relieved qualified personnel from unnecessary tasks. The controversial discussion of invasive monitoring, particularly the use of pulmonary artery catheters, led to new and improved technology. Infusion technology and artificial ventilation are characteristic examples which demonstrate the essential need for technology in intensive care medicine. The same is true for extracorporeal CO2 elimination, pacemaker technology, haemofiltration, etc. Computer technology will lead to further improvement in safety and patient care, protecting the patient from human and technical errors. PMID- 3236974 TI - [Plastic surgery reconstruction following irradiation]. AB - Radiation damage after combined tumor therapy may involve skin, subcutaneous tissue, nerves, bones and viscera. Ulceration and subsequent infection can result in life-threatening conditions. Early reconstructive procedures restore function, prevent further damage and alleviate pain. Plastic surgery has developed special fasciocutaneous and musculocutaneous flaps for each region. PMID- 3236975 TI - [Therapy of spontaneous pneumothorax--surgical therapy]. AB - Spontaneous pneumothorax was treated by primary thoracotomy in 225 patients (1974 1988) in the Thoracic Unit Havelhohe (Berlin-West). The patients' average age was 25 years (11-60 y.) and the male/female ratio was 169/56. Subpleural cystic lesions were regularly found: segment 1 was affected in 178 cases, other segments in 47 cases. Peripheral resections were performed in 218 and segmental resections in seven patients. Operative results were excellent with no postoperative deaths and no recurrence of pneumothorax. Primary thoracotomy is recommended as treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. PMID- 3236976 TI - [Results of surgical therapy of spontaneous pneumothorax]. AB - Twenty-one percent of 758 patients (1.1.82-31.8.87) underwent operations for spontaneous pneumothoraces (SPP); 79% were successfully treated with thorax suction drainage. The clinical symptoms and signs did not correlate with BGA values or extent of SPP on x-ray. Thoracoscopy had a diagnostic sensitivity of 70%. Wedge resections (120), partly combined with pleurectomies (63) and pleurodesis (78), were the most frequent operations (death rate 1.6%, recurrence 0.6%). Due to the high rate of recurrence after a first relapse (75%; up to 8 relapses) we recommend surgery at the 1st relapse of SPP, and especially after a relapse. This policy reduces stays in hospital by 37%. PMID- 3236977 TI - [Health policy considerations on the AIDS problems and risks in surgery]. AB - Many physicians are afraid of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from their patients, especially surgeons. In medieval times, it was common for physicians to abandon their patients during epidemics (particularly plague) and to leave the cities. Today, strict hygienic practice protects medical personnel from HIV infection. Routine HIV screening of patients and medical personnel is thus not necessary. Instead, those involved (patients, medical personnel, hospital administrators, policy makers) should act responsibly. PMID- 3236979 TI - [Truth at bedside in relation to poor prognosis. From the viewpoint of the clinician]. AB - Pious fraud, nothing but the naked truth or merciful borderline areas of hope and despair - Salus aegroti suprema lex! There is no absolute truth in doctor-patient dialogue for no such thing as absolute truth nor a sick-bed as such exists. Each bed houses its own patient, and each patient carries his specific truth which he shares with all his partners, thus breaking the isolation of his fate. Only in this way is it possible for all concerned to bear or help bear the heavy burden of life's last stretch. PMID- 3236978 TI - [Accomplishments of tumor surgery in soft tissue sarcoma in childhood]. AB - Malignant soft tissue tumors, a group of neoplasms with various biological characteristics, have been of oncologic interest only for the last 20 years. More than half of all soft tissue sarcomas are Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS). Extensive comparative therapy studies have yielded both improved results and a lot of biological data on RMS and other malignant soft tissue tumors. The results of CWS 81/86 are analysed and a therapy protocol is proposed. PMID- 3236980 TI - [Truth at bedside in relation to poor prognosis. From the viewpoint of the hospital chaplain]. AB - A few weeks ago the doctor informed me of a 35-year-old woman, who was being treated for cancer. The patient, a mother of two children, already has full metastasis. When the doctor did his visits, she asked him very clearly and directly about her condition, but he gave evasive answers. Afterwards he asked me: "What should I do? Am I allowed to tell her the truth, although there is nothing left to hope for?" I advised him to answer all her questions truly and honestly, and he did. We decided to accompany the patient in her struggles and difficulties. During that time we had very profound dialogues with her about her worries and anxieties. While grappling with the problem of death many people awaken to a deeper sense of life. My task in the hospital Pastoral Care is to be with the people in their questions, thoughts and complaints; to endure and share their weariness and difficulties, not to give superficial and trivial answers. PMID- 3236981 TI - [Truth at bedside in relation to poor prognosis. Legal aspects]. AB - Adjudicary decisions dating from the past have demanded unqualified enlightenment of the patient about his illness. Physicians could disregard this requirement only if there was a danger that this policy might result in severe, irreversible and permanent damage. This interpretation seems too narrow. The physician must carefully weigh what he can and must demand of the patient, depending on the personal situation. Neither rigorous truth at any cost nor the principle of concealment of the hopelessness for the patient's condition is correct. Telling the patient the truth "costs" the physician personal involvement, explanation and human assistance. PMID- 3236982 TI - [Listening to music in hearing loss with and without a hearing aid]. AB - By means of a questionnaire it was investigated how in individuals who had previously had normal hearing deafness influences their pleasure and habits in listening to music, and which role a hearing aid can play in this respect. Out of 330 questionnaires returned, 206 could be statistically evaluated. 95% reported that formerly they had liked music, light music coming from the radio being the most frequently mentioned type of music and medium. 36% had formerly played an instrument or had enjoyed singing. 79% feel that their deafness has affected their pleasure in listening to music. Most common complaints refer to the fact that everything sounds distorted and wrong, melodies cannot be recognised any longer, the text of songs is not understood. 60% are fitted with one hearing aid, 40% have binaural hearing aids. 67% report that the hearing aid has rendered listening to music again more pleasurable, and 74% use their hearing aid more or less regularly when listening to music. The distorted sound and the fast alternating between "too soft" and "too loud", forcing the subject to continually adjusting his hearing aid, seem to be among the most annoying features. PMID- 3236983 TI - [Different forms of drug therapy for progressive sensorineural hearing loss in childhood]. AB - Because of progressive sensorineural hearing loss 26 patients of the age of 2 to 19 years were treated for 10 days with infusions of prednisolone, pentoxifylline and piracetam. After this treatment improved, auditory thresholds were found in 58%. In comparison with a previous investigation (treatment with prednisolone and pentoxifylline except piacetam), no significant difference between these two methods of therapy was seen. PMID- 3236984 TI - [The effect of the upper cervical spine on hearing ability]. AB - A chronic irritation in the upper cervical column of 10 rabbits by implantation of a wire string was performed. The vestibular and auditory functions were investigated by electronystagmography and by BERA before and several times after the operation. A distinct increase of the proprioceptive cervical nystagmus was found already in the first postoperative week. In contrary to the ENG findings the BERA did not show any alteration of the both threshold and latency values. These results indicate that the existence of the proprioceptive cervical hearing loss is very doubtful. PMID- 3236985 TI - [The hardness and osseous structure of preserved ear ossicles]. AB - The mechanical rigidity (breaking strength) of normal human ossicles, preserved with cialit and formalin, was studied in a tension compression testing machine. The bony structure of the ossicles before and after crushing was examined via high-grade magnifying radiography. With this new technique, minute bony details of the ossicles, which up to now could be demonstrated only histologically- consequently destroying the object--can be visualised without inflicting any changes to the ossicle. The different preservation methods had no effect on the structure or the mechanical strength of the ossicles. The fracture lines were distributed at random, with no preferential direction. In further experiments, defects in the ossicles' surfaces, which were cut with diamond burrs, were investigated radiographically and with a scanning electron microscope. The compressed bone dust seals up the opened marrow spaces. This reduces bone resorption significantly, as could be demonstrated with removed ossicular transplants similarly prepared, with had been implanted several years ago. The high grade radiographic magnification revealed that several ossicles which were removed during typical middle ear operations, were covered with metallic powder, originating from the intra-operative contact of the burr with the metallic suction tube. The 10% nickel component of the alloy may cause problems in patients with known nickel allergy, considering the intensive contact with the vast surface of the disseminated metallic dust particles. PMID- 3236986 TI - [Individual sensitivity of cilia. A simple in vitro test method]. AB - A simple patient-related method is described that determines the effect of toxic substances on the ciliary activity of human nasal cilia cells. The method is suitable for investigating and numerically determining substance-specific toxicity and individual sensitivity even between patients of different states of health. This is illustrated by the example of two preservatives introduced in human medicine: chlorhexidine and merthiolate. PMID- 3236987 TI - [The angioarchitecture of the septal mucosa. Experimental studies of the rabbit]. AB - Histological and transmission-electron microscopical studies alone cannot answer all questions regarding the microcirculation of the nasal mucosa. In the present study additional morphological techniques were used to demonstrate the course of the different parts of this peculiar vascular network. Using the "injection technique", the course of every single vessel of the nasal septum could be shown, but the character or size of these vascular structures was not easy to identify. Scanning electron microscopic investigations were able to verify vascular junctions of all sizes as well as intraluminal aspects of different vessels and the relations between all parts of this endonasal circulatory system. Lower magnifications also showed the tissue arrangement in the nasal septum. In higher magnifications vessels of arterial or venous character could be identified by distinct morphological features. Additional studies were carried out using vascular corrosion casts. On studying these structures, the entire course of the different parts of the endonasal vascular system could be observed. In addition, the arrangement of the different capillary networks of the nasal system, mentioned by several earlier investigators, could be demonstrated without doubt. This technique also allowed to distinguish between arteries and veins by the appearance of their endothelial cell nuclei. Summing up our findings it can be pointed out that all techniques used in this study are useful to understand the complicated angioarchitecture of the nasal mucosa. This evaluation may also be regarded as an extension of our earlier histological and ultrastructural investigations in this field. PMID- 3236989 TI - [Displaced and supernumerary molar of the ethmoid sinus]. AB - This paper reports on a case of a 18-year old male subject with continuous complaints in the right cheek. Several roentgenograms show a cystic and a X-ray dense, sharp-edged structure in the right maxillary respectively ethmoidal sinus. Under surgery a supernumerary molar was found in the right ethmoidal sinus as well as a follicular cyst in the right maxillary sinus. PMID- 3236988 TI - [HLA antigens in patients with laryngeal cancer]. AB - The HLA-ABC- and -DR-antigens of patients with carcinoma of the larynx were determined. The frequencies were compared with those of a normal population. No significant deviations in the antigen frequencies were observed in the distribution of HLA antigens. Therefore, participation of HLA-ABC and -DR gene products in pathogenesis of carcinoma of the larynx as an expression of a genetical component cannot be postulated till now. PMID- 3236990 TI - [Microvascular facial profile-plasty in facial hemiatrophy]. PMID- 3236991 TI - [Clinical aspects of laryngopathia gravidarum]. AB - Laryngopathia gravidarum is a rare complication during pregnancy which often is associated with pre-eclampsia. In the literature different degrees of the disease are described which range from simple hoarseness to dangerous states of extreme shortage of air. Based on several cases seen in recent years we discuss the association with pre-eclampsia and document for the first time photographically how quickly morphological and functional findings disappear after the end of pregnancy. PMID- 3236992 TI - [Use of standardized oral hygiene in the prevention and therapy of mucositis in patients treated with radiochemotherapy of head and neck neoplasms]. AB - Aseptic mucositis is a regularly occurring complication during radiochemotherapy of head and neck cancer. In case of a superinfection with pathogenic microorganisms the degree of mucositits can make an interruption of cancer therapy imperative. It may also cause severe complications such as fulminating fatal infection, local spreading to the oesophagus and even mediastinitis as well as disseminated fungal infections. We investigated the effect of the systematic local combined application of H202, povidone iodine, nystatine and dexpanthenol solution for the prophylaxis and therapy of mucositis induced by radiochemotherapy. During 16 months of application of our scheme symptoms of mucositis appeared only to a minor extent. No interruption of radiochemotherapy was necessary at any time. PMID- 3236993 TI - [Morphologic changes in the epithelium of myocutaneous pectoralis major islands flaps. A light and electron optic study]. AB - On a long-term basis, the epithelium of pectoralis major flaps incorporated in the mouth and the oropharynx is macroscopically and microscopically very similar to the sourrounding mucosa. Light microscope and electro microscopic investigations show that the type of keratinization of the epithelium of this flap has changed from orthokeratosis to parakeratosis which is typical for the mucosa of the mouth. The possible reasons for these changes, which, to our knowledge, have not been described before, are discussed. PMID- 3236994 TI - [The lateral forehead flap in the management of defects of the exterior aspect of the nose]. AB - The closure of skin defects after tumour exstirpation in the external nose can be carried out by means of median forehead flaps. The classical technique requires a vertical forehead incision corresponding to the longitudial axis of the vasculo muscular pedicle of the donor site. This vertical scar will subsequently not always yield an optimum aesthetic result. We prefer a modification of this method: The pedicle of the lateral forehead flap is developed stepwise through horizontal incisions which are placed in skin creases of the forehead. The defect of the donor site is closed with a rotation flap. The advantage of this procedure is an optimum aesthetic long-term result. PMID- 3236995 TI - [Body plethysmography studies in patients with obstructed nasal respiration before and following corrective surgery of the nasal septum]. AB - The nasal resistance of 28 patients with nasal septum deviation was measured before and after septum correction according to Cottle by means of body plethysmography. Clinical state according to clinical state history and body plethysmography results before and after surgery are compared by means of a standardised measuring unit. There was statistical significance for improvement of nasal ventilation after surgery in all three parameters. An analysis of the discrepancy between history, clinical state and rhinomanometry was made. History and rhinomanometry correlated closely. They seemed to be the most important parameters to determine nasal complaints. 30 volunteers with normal breathing function of the nose were examined. The normal resistance values of both nasal cavities are 0.31 kPa/l/sec. before and 0.28 kPa/l/sec after shrinkage of the nasal mucosa. The normal values of the nasal airflow of the entire nose were compared with the measurements of the patient group. PMID- 3236997 TI - [International data banks, abstracts, citations and other services]. PMID- 3236996 TI - [Nasal speech with special reference to a submucous cleft palate]. AB - Nasal speech, which is in many cases the first and only sign of many different diseases, is frequently misinterpreted by the otolaryngologist who examines the patient first. This is demonstrated by an analysis of 23 patients having a submucous cleft palate. A simple diagnostic procedure is suggested that enables the clinician to distinguish between different forms of nasality, its underlying causes and localisation. PMID- 3236998 TI - [Postoperative monitoring of a free jejunum transplant]. AB - For postoperative monitoring of free jejunal transplants, a small hole in the skin right above the small bowel in the neck is used. The colour of the serosa yields information on the blood supply of the loop. PMID- 3236999 TI - [Position on the publication by W. Keck and J. Thoma: "The significance of the stimulating medium--water or air--in thermal vestibular evaluation"]. PMID- 3237000 TI - cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid in human leukocytes: isolation and quantitative determination. AB - Racemic cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid was isolated from total lipids of human leukocytes. Identification of the epoxy acid was based mainly on gas liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis and on its chemical conversion into threo-9,10-dihydroxystearic acid. A mass spectrometric method for quantitative determination of cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid using the tetradeuterated compound as internal standard was developed. Using this method, nonstimulated human leukocytes were found to contain 5.1 +/- 2.2 micrograms (SD) of cis-9,10 epoxystearic acid per 10(9) cells (n = 8). More than 90% of the epoxy acid occurred in its esterified form in leukocyte lipids. PMID- 3237001 TI - Effects of dietary palm oil on arterial thrombosis, platelet responses and platelet membrane fluidity in rats. AB - Wistar rats were fed a control diet containing 5 energy % (en %) sunflowerseed oil or diets containing 50 en % of either palm oil, rich in saturated fatty acids, or sunflowerseed oil, high in linoleic acid, for at least eight weeks. Arterial thrombosis tendency, measured by the aorta loop technique, tended to be lowered by the palm oil diet and was lowered significantly by the sunflowerseed oil diet, compared with the control. Aggregation of platelets in whole blood activated with collagen was not altered by palm oil feeding, but was enhanced in the sunflowerseed oil group, compared with the control. The concomitant formation of thromboxane A2 was decreased by palm oil feeding, although formation of prostacyclin did not change; the ratio of thromboxane/prostacyclin formed was decreased significantly in the palm oil group. Compared with the control diet, platelet membrane fluidity, measured by fluorescence polarization, was not altered in the palm oil group and was significantly increased only by sunflowerseed-oil feeding. Thus, although palm oil contains about 50% saturated fatty acids, it did not increase arterial thrombosis tendency and tended to decrease platelet aggregation, as compared with highly polyunsaturated sunflowerseed oil. PMID- 3237002 TI - Investigations of the origin of the furan fatty acids (F-acids). AB - The possible role of linoleic acid as a biogenetic precursor of the furan fatty acids (F-acids) was investigated in in vivo experiments in the rat, using a C19 analogue of linoleic acid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. No evidence of incorporation of this compound into the F-acids was found. Using an improved analysis procedure by converting F-acids into their tetrahydrofuran derivatives (enabling a separation from the large amounts of normal fatty acids), F-acids (F3, F4 and F6) were detected in rat food, correcting earlier results. Quantification of F-acid intake with food and excretion of furandicarboxylic acids in the urine, suggested the possibility that the F-acids are not produced de novo in the rat, but instead accumulate in tissue after nutritional intake. PMID- 3237003 TI - Localization of long-chain fatty acids and unconventional sterols in spherulous cells of a marine sponge. AB - The first direct evidence is provided for the presence of unconventional lipids in a particular subcellular membrane system of a sponge. Spherulous cells were isolated from the variety of cell types present in the marine sponge Aplysina fistularis by density gradient centrifugation. Spherulous cell plasma membrane was subsequently isolated by cell rupture followed by differential centrifugation and sucrose, or Percoll, density gradient ultracentrifugation. Plasma membrane isolates were identified and assessed for purity using [3H]concanavalin A plasma membrane marker, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ratios of protein, sterol and phosphate. Plasma membrane isolates could not be assessed for purity by traditional enzymatic means. Spherulous cell plasma membrane was found to contain unusual lipids, including long-chain (C24-C30) fatty acids (16.8-27.2%) and unconventional 26-alkylated sterols (66.4-72.6%), in addition to more conventional fatty acids and sterols. Spherulous cell intracellular membranes were also found to contain long-chain fatty acids and unconventional sterols, although the relative importance of these unusual lipids apparently varies between intracellular membranes, with some containing approximately 50% long-chain acids. PMID- 3237004 TI - Fatty acid composition of fats of differing melting points extracted from ram subcutaneous tissue. AB - The observation that the subcutaneous fat of pasture-fed Southdown rams consists of two distinct regions is reported. Fatty acid composition of fat from the outer and inner regions of subcutaneous tissue taken from the rib region of eight Southdown rams fed pasture were determined. Relative to the harder inner regions (mean melting point 43.1 degrees C), the softer outer regions (mean melting point 31.8 degrees C) were shown to contain more 9:0-, 15:0-, 17:0-, 17:1-, 18:1-cis and total 18:1 fatty acids; less 14:0-, 16:0-, 18:0- and 18:1-trans fatty acids; and a greater variety and a greater concentration of branched-chain components. Proportions of medium chain-length fatty acids, other than 9:0, did not differ between the layers. The fatty acid contents of serial samples taken at 1-mm intervals through these tissues were determined. Changes in concentrations of components among samples were gradual through the tissues. There was no clear connective tissue sheet, as has been reported for pigs. The inner region of the tissues contains apparently nonrandom fluctuating changes in fatty acid composition. PMID- 3237005 TI - A diet containing n-3 and n-6 fatty acids favorably alters the renal phospholipids, eicosanoid synthesis and plasma lipids in nephrotic rats. AB - The nephrotic syndrome was induced in rats by intravenous adriamycin (3 mg/kg). The rats were then divided into four groups which, for six weeks, were pair-fed diets containing beef tallow (BT), fish oil (FO), a source of n-3 fatty acids, evening primrose oil (EPO), a source of n-6 fatty acids, or a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil, 75:25 (EPO:FO). The fat content of the diets was 15%. Significant incorporation of the fatty acids into kidney phospholipids was demonstrated. Diets containing FO, EPO and EPO:FO lowered plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol levels as compared with diets containing BT. Only EPO:FO raised high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, as compared with BT. The combination EPO:FO prevented the tenfold suppression of aortic 6 keto-PGF1 alpha caused by FO. These changes in plasma lipids and eicosanoid production are potentially antiatherogenic and may prevent glomerular sclerosis. The combination of EPO and FO, containing n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may offer advantages over either family of fatty acids in this model of nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3237006 TI - The composition of red cell membrane phospholipids in Canadian Inuit consuming a diet high in marine mammals. AB - A study of the fatty acid composition of red cell phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine and serum cholesterol was undertaken in 185 Canadian Inuit (age 2 months-82 years). Samples from 24 Canadian men and women (21-50 years) living in Vancouver were also analyzed as a reference for the Inuit in this age range. Dietary survey of the Inuit community (325 Inuit) demonstrated a diet based on traditional foods in which the principal source of n-3 fatty acid was marine mammal flesh (mean intake: 164 g/person/day) rather than fish (mean intake: 13 g/person/day). Compared to the Vancouver samples, the Inuit phosphatidylethanolamine had higher 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 and lower 20:4n-6, but similar 18:2n-6 levels. The level of 20:5n-3 was higher and 20:4n-6 was lower in the Inuit than in the Vancouver red cell phosphatidylcholine. Despite these differences in percentage content of C20 and C22 n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, the mean chain length and unsaturation index of the Inuit and Vancouver red cell phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were very similar. Serum cholesterol concentration showed no sex difference within the Inuit, and no difference from Vancouver men and women of similar age. The analyses suggest that the fatty acid composition of the Inuit red cell phospholipids are primarily a reflection of their diet-fat composition. PMID- 3237007 TI - Formation of fluorescent substances from degradation products of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides with amino compound. AB - The degradation products formed from methyl linoleate hydroperoxides by reaction with heme were fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and the ability of each compound to form fluorescent substances through reaction with amino compound was compared. Maximum formation of fluorescent substances was obtained from monomeric degradation products with amino compound, but low molecular weight aldehydes such as hexanal, 2-hexenal and 2,4-decadienal, formed only a small amount of fluorescent substances. However, the major monomeric degradation products described previously, the hydroxy-, keto- and epoxy-derivatives, do not significantly contribute to the formation of fluorescent substances through reaction with amino compound. It was suggested that formation of fluorescent substances from lipid peroxides with amino compound may originate from a precursor present in monomeric degradation products formed from hydroperoxide of methyl linoleate during lipid peroxidation, and that low molecular weight aliphatic aldehydes are not involved in fluorescent substance formation. Moreover, the majority of TBA-reactive substances in secondary oxidation products prepared from autoxidized methyl linoleate are also unrelated to the formation of fluorescent substances through reaction with amino compound. PMID- 3237008 TI - Predicting coordinated lipid biosynthesis: application to the surfactant accommodated epidermis. AB - Factorialized correlation analysis is proposed as a method for predicting the coordination of multiple enzyme pathways. The approach can be used potentially to find new relationships and to predict relationships that have been established in other tissues. However, careful tracer studies are needed to verify the cause-and effect relationships between precursor and products. In this study, guinea pigs that were chronically treated with an anionic, a nonionic and a cationic surfactant passed through an irritation stage to a clinical state that appeared normal. The method was used to examine binary coordination of lipid biosynthesis in the epidermis by using a factorialized table of regression coefficients. Coordinated lipid relationships that have been reported in other tissues were predicted between sphingomyelin and cholesterol, as well as between phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. A new inverse relationship was found between triglycerides and both sphingomyelin and cholesterol, using this method. These data are discussed with respect to a membrane fluidization model for the accommodated state. PMID- 3237009 TI - Quantification of oxysterols in Dutch foods: egg products and mixed diets. AB - A sensitive and specific method is described for quantifying various cholesterol oxidation products in foodstuffs, including 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol, cholesterol-alpha-epoxide, cholestane-triol, 7-ketocholesterol and 25 hydroxycholesterol. A chloroform-methanol extract of the food was fractionated over two successive silica columns. Two fractions containing different classes of oxysterols were then analyzed as trimethylsilyl derivatives by capillary gas liquid chromatography, using on-column injection and a temperature gradient from 70 to 200 degrees C. The detection limit was about 0.5 microgram/g dry weight for egg yolk powder. Fresh egg yolk contained only 1.2 micrograms/g of total oxides per g dry weight, showing that artifactual oxidation during the procedure was minimal. Recovery of 5 pure oxysterols added to egg yolk at levels of 6.5 and 10 micrograms/g was between 93 and 102%. In commercial egg yolk and whole egg powder stored for one year, total amounts of oxysterols ranging from 21 to 137 micrograms/g dry weight were found. In duplicates of mixed Dutch diets, total amounts ranged from 3.6 to 6.2 micrograms/g dry weight. Duplicates containing mostly fried and baked foods did not have higher levels than duplicates in which foods had been prepared by boiling or left raw. We conclude that a normal mixed diet provides only minor amounts of cholesterol oxidation products. PMID- 3237010 TI - [The cost-accounting polyclinic]. PMID- 3237012 TI - [Organization of the nurse's work in a neurology department]. PMID- 3237011 TI - [Social hygiene characteristics of traumatism in preschoolers]. PMID- 3237013 TI - [The interior of a hospital department]. PMID- 3237014 TI - [Raising the qualifications of evacuation nurses]. PMID- 3237015 TI - [Coloboma of the vascular coat]. PMID- 3237016 TI - [Somatic masks of mental disorders]. PMID- 3237017 TI - [Characteristics of rehabilitative-prophylactic measures with women with mental disorders]. PMID- 3237018 TI - [Principles of the introduction of the team form of work organization and pay in public health institutions]. PMID- 3237019 TI - [Brain concussion]. PMID- 3237020 TI - [Erysipelas]. PMID- 3237021 TI - [Characteristics of the physical fitness training of frequently ill preschoolers]. PMID- 3237022 TI - [Electrosleep]. PMID- 3237023 TI - [Allergy problems today]. PMID- 3237024 TI - [Drug forms of propolis prepared at home]. PMID- 3237025 TI - [The phytotherapy of liver and gallbladder diseases]. PMID- 3237026 TI - [Deontological aspects of the nurse's work in an intensive observation and therapy department]. PMID- 3237027 TI - [Problems of fees for services in public health]. PMID- 3237028 TI - Mental handicap in the undergraduate curriculum. PMID- 3237029 TI - Continuing medical education for change? PMID- 3237031 TI - What is ... a profile? PMID- 3237030 TI - Twelve tips for using a public address system. PMID- 3237032 TI - Preparing medical undergraduates for their increasing role with patients who also have a mental handicap: a retrospective study. PMID- 3237033 TI - How mental handicap is taught in U.K. medical schools. PMID- 3237034 TI - Attitude to handicap: measuring change. PMID- 3237035 TI - Attitudes of medical students to mental handicap. PMID- 3237037 TI - Communication and the education of health professionals: a disciplinary overview. PMID- 3237036 TI - Evaluation of teaching effectiveness using student performance in pre-post tests. PMID- 3237038 TI - The effectiveness of alternative instructional media in physiology practical teaching. PMID- 3237039 TI - Self-directed learning of history taking in childhood asthma. PMID- 3237040 TI - [Obsessive psychoneuroses. Clinical aspects]. PMID- 3237041 TI - [Differential diagnosis between schizophrenic disturbance and affective disorders with psychotic manifestations with the DSM III]. PMID- 3237042 TI - [Deterioration in schizophrenic psychosis]. PMID- 3237043 TI - [Activity and use of psychiatric emergency care in a hospital]. PMID- 3237044 TI - [The early stages of alcoholism]. PMID- 3237045 TI - [Relationship between violent behavior and quality of communication in couples with an alcoholic member]. PMID- 3237046 TI - [The psychiatric nurse and law 180: a field study]. PMID- 3237047 TI - Influence of sodium bicarbonate on sprint performance: relationship to dosage. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the minimum oral dosage of bicarbonate needed to significantly elevate blood bicarbonate and the influence of induced alkalosis on performance in high-intensity, short-duration exercise. Nine endurance-trained cyclists performed four 2-min sprints on separate occasions using an isokinetic cycle ergometer (Fitron, Cybex, Inc.). One hour before each test, the cyclists consumed either a placebo (A), a solution of 0.10 g NaHCO3.kg-1 body weight (B), a solution of 0.15 g NaHCO3.kg-1 body weight (C), or a solution of 0.20 g NaHCO3.kg-1 body weight (D) in random order. Arterialized venous blood was taken before (PRE) and after (POST) ingestion, and 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min following the 2-min bike sprint. The results showed a significant increase in POST blood bicarbonate, and the elevation was incrementally related to the dosage. There was, however, no significant improvement in performance. Total work (mean +/- SE) for each treatment (N.m per 2 min) were: A, 47,267 (+/- 2,472); B, 47,004 (+/- 3,094); C, 46,312 (+/- 2,964); and D, 47,190 (+/- 2,621). The results of this study show that incremental doses of NaHCO3 of 0.20 g.kg-1 and below produce incremental elevations in blood bicarbonate but do not produce improvements in performance for a sprint bout lasting 2 min. PMID- 3237048 TI - Prediction of peak oxygen consumption in obstructive airway disease. AB - The hypothesis of this study was that non-exercise variables can be used to reliably predict peak oxygen consumption (VO2) in patients with obstructive airway disease (OAD). We also evaluated the impact of symptoms on exercise capacity. Selected predictor variables included age, lung function, respiratory muscle strength, gas exchange, and the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI). In 40 patients peak VO2 was 19.9 +/- 8.7 (mean +/- SD) ml.kg-1.min-1 during progressive, incremental exercise until limited by symptoms on a cycle ergometer. Multiple regression analysis yielded three significant predictors: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), age, and BDI. Peak VO2 (ml.kg-1.min-1) = 5.5 (FEV1) - 0.3 (age) + 0.8 (BDI) + 19.3 (R2 = 0.79; SEE: 4.2 ml.kg-1.min-1). Comparisons between patients who stopped exercise because of breathlessness (N = 14) and those who stopped because of leg fatigue (N = 18) showed that lung function, inspiratory muscle strength, and peak VO2 were significantly reduced in the former group compared to the latter. Peak exercise ventilation (VE)/MVV ratio was similar in the breathless (95.3 +/- 23.8%) and leg fatigue (86.8 +/- 20.3) groups, but peak heart rate (HR)/pred. HRmax ratio was significantly higher in the leg fatigue group (86.8 +/- 12.6%) than in the breathless group (75.1 +/- 8.6%) (P = 0.006). We conclude that lung function, age, and the clinical rating of breathlessness reliably predict peak VO2 in patients with symptomatic OAD. Moreover, peak exercise performance in OAD appears to be affected by different physiological factors which may be distinguished by the major symptom limiting exercise. PMID- 3237049 TI - Trunk muscle strength in athletes. AB - Maximal voluntary strength of the trunk muscles was measured in 57 male elite athletes (soccer players, wrestlers, tennis players, and gymnasts), 14 female elite gymnasts, and in a normal group of 87 conscripts. Mean ages in the different groups ranged from 18-22 yr. An isokinetic (constant velocity) technique was used to record maximal torque produced by trunk and hip muscles during flexion, extension, and lateral flexion over the range of motion. The constant angular velocities used were 15 deg.s-1 and 30 deg.s-1, respectively. Isometric strength was measured in a straight body position (0 deg. of flexion). The measurements were made with the subjects in a horizontal position with the pivot point at the hip and at the lumbar (L2-L3) level. All male athlete groups showed higher peak torque values than the normals. The differences were largest in hip extension and trunk flexion. The male gymnasts also showed significantly higher peak values in hip flexion as compared to all other categories. There was no difference in strength per kg body weight between female gymnasts and untrained males, except in trunk extension. The position for peak torque occurred earlier in the movements for the athletes, especially for the gymnasts in extension movements and for the tennis players in flexion movements. In isometric contractions essentially the same strength differences were present as in the slow isokinetic contractions. In lateral flexion wrestlers and tennis players showed significantly higher strength in movements toward the nondominant side. Thus, differences were present between the athletes and the normals, some of which appeared to be sport specific and related to long-term systematic training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237050 TI - Regression analysis in biological research: sample size and statistical power. AB - Regression analysis is often used to demonstrate associations among variables believed to be biologically related. Failure to demonstrate a "significant" relationship may be due to two factors: 1) the variables are truly unrelated, or 2) a relationship exists but goes undetected due to inadequate statistical power. Investigators must consider the second possibility since failure to detect a statistically significant relationship is often taken as evidence for no biological relationship. These issues are addressed in the context of the interrelationship between four features common to all statistical methods: the size of effect or relationship worth detecting, the Type I (alpha) error, the sample size, and the Type II (beta) error. An example derived from published data relating morphological characteristics of muscle fiber type and isokinetic strength performance illustrates the practical significance of this dilemma. PMID- 3237051 TI - Fetal bradycardia induced by maternal exercise. PMID- 3237052 TI - Identification of a heat-modifiable protein of Francisella tularensis and molecular cloning of the encoding gene. AB - As an initial step in defining the constituents of the outer surfaces of Francisella tularensis, membrane fractions were prepared, and the immunoreactivity of constituents examined by Western immunoblotting. One protein, thought to be an outer membrane protein, was found to be heat and beta mercaptoethanol (2-ME)-modifiable and was named FopA. This protein migrates at an apparent molecular weight of 34 kilodaltons (kDa) when cell extracts are solubilized below 80 degrees C, but migrates as a doublet of 41- to 43-kDa when cell extracts are solubilized at 95 degrees C. A cosmid bank was constructed and two recombinants were found to express FopA. The recombinant FopA was also heat and beta-mercaptoethanol modifiable and was found to localize in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3237053 TI - Role of upper respiratory tract infection in the deaths occurring in neonatal ferrets infected with influenza virus. AB - Passive immunization of ferret neonates by colostrally-derived anti-influenza virus IgG did not entirely prevent infection when mothers were immunized with 1 or 2 doses of formalin inactivated vaccine with adjuvant (alhydrogel). Influenza virus replication was almost completely prevented in the lower respiratory tract but only slightly reduced in the upper respiratory tract leading to deaths in about 50% of the neonates. Such neonates showed at most only minor lesions in the lower respiratory tract but moderate to severe inflammatory changes in the upper respiratory tract of most animals. This supports previous results suggesting that deaths, reminiscent of the human sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), may arise purely as a result of upper respiratory tract infection, possibly following obstruction of the airways. PMID- 3237054 TI - Growth of Legionella pneumophila in a human macrophage-like (U937) cell line. AB - We established a model of the bacteria-macrophage interaction to study the cellular basis of Legionella pneumophila pathogenesis and to characterize avirulent L. pneumophila. We found that U937 cells, which are derived from a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line, support intracellular growth of L. pneumophila with a doubling time of 6 h, and that sustained intracellular growth is associated with a cytopathic effect (CPE) that can be detected by microscopic examination and quantified with the vital stain 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl) 2,5,-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). An L. pneumophila isolate obtained directly from infected guinea-pig spleens can grow and produce CPE in these cells, destroying most of the cell layer after 72 h of growth. Only 10(6) organisms of this strain are required to kill 50% of guinea-pigs inoculated by the intraperitoneal route. In contrast, an avirulent isolate derived by 203 successive plate passages of the same strain can neither kill guinea-pigs at an intraperitoneal inoculum of 10(7) nor grow or produce CPE in U937 cells. Since the cells were able to differentiate between a virulent and an avirulent strain of L. pneumophila, we conclude that U937 cells are an appropriate model system for study of the bacteria-macrophage interaction. PMID- 3237055 TI - Host reactions to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in guinea-pigs preimmunized systemically with the adhesin of this pathogen. AB - Guinea-pigs developed systemic and local humoral responses after intraperitoneal immunization with the isolated adhesin (168 kDa protein) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells. Hilar lymphocytes of these animals showed proliferation after in vitro stimulation with the 168 kDa protein or sonicated M. pneumoniae whole cell antigen. Animals preimmunized and subsequently infected with M. pneumoniae showed increased M. pneumoniae-specific IgG, IgA and adherence inhibiting antibody activities. Nevertheless these animals developed severe lung lesions of lympho histiocyte infiltrations. Furthermore hilar lymph nodes were depleted of immunocompetent lymphocytes, suggesting a cell transfer of specific stimulable lymphocytes to the inflammation sites. PMID- 3237056 TI - Susceptibility of C58 mice to paralytic disease induced by lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus correlates with increased expression of endogenous retrovirus in motor neurons. AB - The induction of poliomyelitis by lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) in C58 mice is dependent upon several host factors including old age, loss of immune competence and genetic predisposition. Two genetic components segregate with susceptibility to this neurological disease: the presence of multiple proviral copies of N-tropic endogenous murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) and homozygosity of the permissive allele for N-tropic viral replication (Fv-1n/n). We have quantified the levels of RNA for several endogenous retroviruses, using virus specific oligonucleotide probes, in various tissues of C58 mice in relation to age and immunosuppression. A tissue specific increase in expression of 3.0 kb AKR MuLV RNA in the spinal cords of mice occurred with increasing age of the mice and was enhanced several-fold by immunosuppression in old mice. Susceptibility to LDV induced poliomyelitis occurs in the same age dependent manner as AKR MuLV expression and is also enhanced by immunosuppression. In contrast, the mink cell focus forming virus (MCF) RNA levels in the spinal cord remained constant despite apparent variations in MCF RNA expression in other tissues, and no xenotropic retrovirus RNA was detectable in spinal cords or brains of the C58 mice. The increased AKR MuLV RNA in the spinal cord was shown by in situ hybridization to be mainly located in the same motor neurons that become infected with LDV in these mice and are destroyed as paralysis develops. These results support a novel dual virus virus hypothesis for LDV-induced poliomyelitis in which increased endogenous retroviral expression in motor neurons renders these cells susceptible to cytocidal replication of LDV and hence to the development of LDV-induced poliomyelitis. PMID- 3237057 TI - [Dynamics of the morphologic and cytoenzymatic changes in the lungs of rats of both sexes in acute cadmium chloride poisoning]. AB - The paper describes the dynamics of morphological cytochemical changes in male and female rat lungs under acute inhalative exposure to CdCl2 from 1 hour to 10 days after exposure. Female lungs proved to be sensitive to acute inhalative poisoning than male ones. Maximum morphological and cytochemical changes occur in lungs between the 12th hour and 7th day after exposure in both sexes. PMID- 3237058 TI - [Acetylation phenotype in patients with cancer of the bladder. Preliminary report]. AB - In 23 patients affected by urinary bladder cancer and 22 healthy volunteers, acetylation phenotype was determined in urine, using the Eidus technique involving isoniazid. In the healthy group 10 (45.4%) slow acetylators and 9 (40.9%) fast acetylators were found. Of 23 patients with the bladder cancer 14 (60.9%) were slow acetylators, whereas 5 (21.7%) exhibited fast acetylation phenotype. The studies demonstrate that among the bladder-cancer-affected patients those with slow acetylation phenotype predominates. In those of the affected patients who had been exposed to chemical substances in the past, the percentage of slow acetylators was still higher (62.5%). PMID- 3237059 TI - [Evaluation of exposure to fumes arising during welding of non-alloyed and low alloyed steel by various methods]. AB - Evaluated in the paper is welders' exposure to fumes resulting from welding of nonalloyed and low-alloyed steel, whether pure or coated with protective layers, using two most popular welding techniques for those types of steel, i.e. metal active gas welding (MAG) and manual welding with covered electrode (MMA). Due to different chemical composition of fumes at particular workstations, the proper hygienic evaluation was based on measurements of individual concentrations of fumes in workers' breathing zone. A considerable contribution of the combined exposure was yielded by such fume constituents as manganese, ferrum and zinc (welding of steel coated with zinc protective layers), also chromium (welding of low- and -highalloyed steel), as well as copper (metal gas welding). The highest combined exposure (10-fold allowable value) was that of welders of steel coated with the zinc layer, using the metal active gas welding. PMID- 3237060 TI - [Studies of the correlation of physiologic energy out put and efficiency and physical work capacity (VO2max) of turners]. AB - The studies covered 30 young turners carrying on piecework. The physiological expense was determined basing on the pulse rate during professional work, whereas the oxygen uptake (VO2max)--by indirect and direct methods. The studies demonstrated a strong correlation between the work physiological expense and oxygen ceiling. This would indicate that reactions in the circulatory system (pulse rate), occurring during professional work, may be applied as a measure of effort capabilities. Low and statistically insignificant coefficients of correlation between VO2max index values and work performance point to a weak correlation between the physical fitness and working capacity of turners. PMID- 3237061 TI - [Neurologic evaluation of the fitness for vocational training of students of the school of fashion. The qualifying criteria]. AB - Seventy two pupils of the vocational clothing school underwent neurological examinations. The examinations were aimed at finding out which diseases or deviations of the nervous system might contraindicate professional education at the clothing school. In the authors' opinion, limitations in professional education capability would apply to young people affected by: epilepsy, advanced neurosis, migraine with frequent headache attacks, certain forms of vasomotor headaches, and, in pupils with spinal curvature--those cases which were periodically affected by radiculalgia or myalgia resulting from spinal overload. PMID- 3237062 TI - 1988 news from Washington. PMID- 3237063 TI - Toward great expectations for vocational opportunities: family--professional partnerships. PMID- 3237064 TI - Vocational preparation for high school students labeled mentally retarded: employment as a graduation goal. PMID- 3237065 TI - Supported employment: promoting employee independence. PMID- 3237066 TI - Supported employment: toward equal employment opportunity for persons with severe disabilities. PMID- 3237067 TI - Analysis of labor and economics: needs for the next decade. PMID- 3237068 TI - An appraisal of services for persons with mental retardation and psychiatric impairments. PMID- 3237070 TI - Immunochemical technics. Part M. Chemotaxis and inflammation. PMID- 3237069 TI - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a man with mental retardation. PMID- 3237071 TI - Human tissue kallikrein. PMID- 3237072 TI - Rat pancreas kallikrein. PMID- 3237073 TI - Synthetic substrates for the assay of prekallikrein and factor XII. PMID- 3237074 TI - C1 inhibitor: the predominant inhibitor of plasma kallikrein. PMID- 3237075 TI - Cloning of cDNAs and genomic DNAs for high-molecular-weight and low-molecular weight kininogens. PMID- 3237076 TI - Human kininogens. PMID- 3237077 TI - Separation of kinins by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3237078 TI - Synthesis of bradykinin analogs. PMID- 3237079 TI - T-kinin and T-kininogen. PMID- 3237080 TI - Kinin antagonists. PMID- 3237081 TI - In vitro models for the study of oxidant-induced injury of cells in inflammation. PMID- 3237082 TI - Leukotriene C4 synthase from rat basophilic leukemia cell microsomes. PMID- 3237083 TI - In vivo and in vitro delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 3237084 TI - Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. PMID- 3237085 TI - Platelet-activating factor. PMID- 3237086 TI - Ceruloplasmin. PMID- 3237087 TI - Fibrinogen. PMID- 3237088 TI - Amyloid P component. PMID- 3237089 TI - Bovine Hageman factor and its fragments. PMID- 3237090 TI - Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. PMID- 3237091 TI - Elastin. PMID- 3237092 TI - Human Hageman factor and its fragments. PMID- 3237094 TI - Lymphocyte- and macrophage-derived growth factors. PMID- 3237093 TI - Fibroblast chemoattractants. PMID- 3237095 TI - Measurement of contact-activation patterns of human plasma samples with synthetic substrates. PMID- 3237096 TI - Prekallikrein. PMID- 3237097 TI - Grief in childbirth. PMID- 3237098 TI - Mothers' views about information and advice in pregnancy and childbirth: findings from a national study. PMID- 3237099 TI - Midwifery and models of care. PMID- 3237100 TI - Relief of perineal pain following childbirth: a survey of midwifery practice. PMID- 3237101 TI - The influence of breast and bottle feeding on blood pressure. PMID- 3237102 TI - The book review: an educational tool. PMID- 3237103 TI - Proceedings of a workshop on 'Oral contraception for women over 35'. Lausanne (Switzerland), 4-5 March 1988. PMID- 3237104 TI - Oral contraceptives: hormonal dose and effects on carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 3237105 TI - Age, metabolism and oral contraception. PMID- 3237106 TI - Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolic disease: the effect of the oestrogen dose. PMID- 3237107 TI - The decline of fecundity with age. PMID- 3237108 TI - From oral contraception to hormone replacement therapy: towards a continuum? PMID- 3237109 TI - Contraceptive needs of women over 35. PMID- 3237110 TI - Contraceptive choice in the completed family. PMID- 3237111 TI - Contraceptive behaviour of women aged over 35. PMID- 3237112 TI - Obstetrical risks of pregnancy and childbirth after age 35. PMID- 3237113 TI - Maternal mortality, fetal death, congenital anomalies and infant mortality at an advanced maternal age. PMID- 3237114 TI - Older women and family planning services. PMID- 3237115 TI - Contraception for the woman aged 35 yr and over. PMID- 3237116 TI - Risks and benefits of oral contraceptive use in women over 35. PMID- 3237117 TI - Morphology of Brochothrix thermosphacta phages. AB - Twenty-one Brochothrix thermosphacta phages were examined by electron microscopy. They had isometric heads and contractile or long and noncontractile tails, and were grouped into three species belonging to the Myoviridae (species A19) or Siphoviridae (species NF5 and BL3) families of tailed phages. Species A19 has highly characteristic morphological features and resembles well-known phages of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, indicating phylogenetic relationships between these phages as well as their hosts. PMID- 3237118 TI - Trimethoprim resistance in enterococci: microbiological and biochemical aspects. AB - Synergy was found between sulphonamide and trimethoprim in ratios 1:1 and 20:1 against both trimethoprim-sensitive enterococci (17 strains) and trimethoprim resistant enterococci (23 strains). Many of these strains were resistant to kanamycin, tetracycline, streptomycin and/or erythromycin. Resistance to kanamycin, but not to trimethoprim, was clearly associated with the presence of a plasmid of molecular weight 35-45 Md. Elimination of this plasmid in three out of four highly trimethoprim resistant strains brought about loss of resistance to both kanamycin and trimethoprim. Furthermore, it was possible to transfer trimethoprim resistance from three of five highly resistant strains, but not from three strains with low-grade resistance. It is concluded that resistance to trimethoprim in enterococci can be encoded on a plasmid, and that the gene responsible may be on a transposon. No significant differences were found between the specific activities of dihydrofolate reductase from trimethoprim-sensitive and -resistant strains. The enzyme from resistant strains was several orders of magnitude less susceptible to inhibition by trimethoprim than was the enzyme from sensitive strains. PMID- 3237119 TI - The use of purine compounds as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen by Klebsiella species. AB - Sixty-one strains of Enterobacteriaceae were tested for purine assimilation, including twenty-five Klebsiella pneumoniae, seventeen K. oxytoca and nineteen others. Only K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca were able to use guanosine triphosphate, xanthine, hypoxanthine, or uric acid as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen. When guanosine triphosphate was used as sole source of nitrogen and carbon, the lag phase was prolonged. The addition of glucose did not affect the maximum number of viable cells for K. pneumoniae ATCC 29665, but produced an increase for strain K. oxytoca ATCC 13030. In the case of uric acid, ATCC 29665 had a more distinct lag phase of growth than ATCC 13030. Apart from this, they appeared to be very similar. On solid chemically defined GTP medium, some strains of Klebsiella were able to produce a water-soluble brown pigment. PMID- 3237120 TI - A further examination of heavy metal inhibition of gas production by thermophilic anaerobic sludges. AB - Mesophilic anaerobic digestion is a well established method for stabilising municipal sewage sludges. However, digestion in the thermophilic range is very restricted. The main reason for this has been the imbalance between the energy produced in the form of biogas and the energy required to maintain the temperature of a thermophilic system. It has been shown recently that an energy positive process can be achieved using thickened sludges as the feedstock and, therefore, thermophilic digestion must be considered as a potentially attractive process for sludge stabilisation. However, before it can properly be offered as an alternative technology, the effect of toxic materials must be known. Currently, there is little information about the effect that known toxic agents can have on the microbial flora of a thermophilic sludge. This paper examines the toxicity (measured in terms of gas inhibition) of heavy metals, both individually and in combinations, on the sludge produced by a laboratory-scale digester (10 litres) operating at 55 degrees C with a solids retention time of 20 days. The metals used were zinc, lead, nickel, copper and cadmium and the gas inhibition studies were done in small (500 ml) flasks so that the gas production could be monitored precisely. Statistical analysis of the results showed that a model, developed previously to describe the toxicity of a range of compounds to mesophilic systems, was applicable to heavy metals and thermophilic sludges. PMID- 3237121 TI - Characterization of canine distemper viruses adapted to human neural cells. AB - The biochemical characteristics of canine distemper virus (CDV) adapted to three human neural cells (glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and neuroblastoma cells) were compared with those of the unadapted original virus. The specific gravity of the virions and nucleocapsids of the original and the three adapted viruses were not different. The molecular weights of genomic RNA and messenger RNAs encoding H, F, P, and NP proteins of the adapted viruses as estimated by Northern blot hybridization were similar to those of the original virus. By T1-resistant oligonucleotide analysis of the genomic RNA, the glioblastoma- and the neuroblastoma-adapted viruses gave two more spots than the original virus; the oligodendroglioma-adapted virus had a pattern identical to that of the original virus. By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of virion proteins, we found a difference in the isoelectric point of the viral envelope proteins H and F between the original and the adapted viruses. These results suggest that viral genomic changes occurred during adaptation, resulting in the alteration of viral envelope proteins. PMID- 3237122 TI - Effective production of mouse monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus by repeated intrasplenic immunization. AB - Two immunization techniques that enable production of mouse monoclonal antibodies were evaluated in terms of small quantities of antigen. Various amounts of purified influenza A virus particles were applied either for in vitro sensitization in cultured splenocytes or for intrasplenic immunization, followed by hybridization of the immunized cells with mouse myeloma cells. Hybridomas producing specific antibodies for influenza viral proteins were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay when more than 50 micrograms of antigens was used for the in vitro immunization method, and at least 5 micrograms was necessary for a single intrasplenic immunization. On the other hand, as little as 60 ng of antigen administered in two intrasplenic injections was sufficient to produce specific hybridomas. Two out of six randomly selected monoclonal antibodies obtained using the repeated intrasplenic immunization method were IgG and the other four were IgM. Immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that the recognized antigens involved a viral inner protein (nucleocapsid protein), as well as an envelope glycoprotein (hemagglutinin). We conclude that immunization by two direct injections of antigen into the spleen is the most effective method for sensitization with nanogram quantities of insoluble antigen such as influenza viruses. PMID- 3237123 TI - Protection of mice against bacterial infection by oral administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - The effect of orally administered bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on host resistance against bacterial infections was studied. LPS orally given for 5 consecutive days prior to infection caused no apparent toxic effect and protected mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes infections. PMID- 3237124 TI - Reversion of neurovirulence and in vitro phenotype of neural cell-adapted canine distemper virus after passage in non-neural cells. AB - The stability of neurovirulence and in vitro phenotypes of canine distemper viruses adapted to neural cells was examined. Neurovirulence was estimated by the morbidity, mortality, and histopathological changes in the central nervous system of mice. After a single passage of the adapted viruses in Vero cells in which the unadapted virus had been passed, the neurovirulence of glioblastoma-adapted and oligodendroglioma-adapted viruses reverted completely to that of the unadapted virus. However, the neurovirulence of a neuroblastoma-adapted virus reverted partially. In vitro phenotypes such as the two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of viral proteins and the cross-neutralization patterns also reverted to those of the unadapted virus. However, plaque sizes remained similar to those of the viruses adapted to neural cells. PMID- 3237125 TI - Vignette method for psychiatric case detection in a rural community. PMID- 3237126 TI - Aids to diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 3237127 TI - Radiation exposure during fixation of femoral trochanteric fractures. PMID- 3237128 TI - Coronary risk factors among Malaysian male executives in two urban areas. PMID- 3237129 TI - Quantitating proteinuria using the urinary protein creatinine index. PMID- 3237130 TI - Foreign bodies in the larynx and tracheo-bronchial tree. PMID- 3237131 TI - The role of tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron) in the treatment of traumatic hyphaema. PMID- 3237132 TI - Hepatitis B in jaundiced neonates admitted to a special care nursery. PMID- 3237133 TI - Psychiatric aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A case report. PMID- 3237134 TI - Clinically definite multiple sclerosis in a young Malay female. A case report. PMID- 3237135 TI - Malignant conjunctival melanoma. A case report. PMID- 3237136 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance signal from flowing nuclei in rapid imaging using gradient echoes. AB - A theoretical description of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal from flowing nuclei has been developed for rapid imaging sequences that use small flip angles and gradient refocused echoes. Both laminar and plug flow models have been considered and formulas derived relating mean image signal intensity to flip angle, pulse sequence repetition interval (TR), and flow velocity. It is shown that the rate of approach to steady-state conditions determines the degree of flow enhancement. Experimental measurements have been performed on a flow phantom in a whole-body NMR imaging system operating at 0.15 T using the spoiled FLASH sequence with different radiofrequency pulse flip angles and flow rates. There is excellent agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions up to the onset of turbulence. PMID- 3237137 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy with 4-microns resolution: theoretical study and experimental results. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy with 4-microns resolution, a step closer to the 1-micron resolution with which in vivo cellular imaging would be possible is described. An analysis of the ultimate resolution and voxel size dependent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in NMR microscopy is presented and experimentally verified. For microscopic scale objects (less than 1-mm diameter), the SNR based on the geometrical scale factor(s) is found to be proportional to sn where n less than 2, rather than n = 3 as previously supposed. This comes about because of a drastic reduction in sample noise coupled with a significant sensitivity gain realized in small diameter radiofrequency coils. A new pulse sequence which reduces both diffusion dependent resolution degradation and signal attenuation is presented. The selection of optimal bandwidth and acquisition time for maximal SNR is discussed. Experimental results obtained on both a 2.0-T whole body system and a 7.0-T small bore system adapted for microscopy indicate the potentials of 4-microns resolution microscopy with the existing magnets. PMID- 3237138 TI - Artifacts due to residual magnetization in three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. AB - An artifact is identified in magnetic resonance images produced by the three dimensional FLASH technique, which features a short repetition time TR. The artifact is caused by differential spoiling of transverse magnetization by the phase-encoding gradients. The image intensity in different slices becomes altered, especially for short TR and large flip angle, which are conditions for achieving strong T1-weighted contrast. The effectiveness of spoiler gradient and rephasing gradients in suppressing the artifact is evaluated experimentally in images of a uniform phantom. Spoiler gradients that are incremented in amplitude cause even more slices to deviate in intensity, and are therefore less effective than in two-dimensional techniques. Rephasing gradients make the slices uniformly intense, but also enhance the intensity of tissues that have longer T2. The further addition of constant spoiler gradients has reduced this intensity increase by one-half and allowed for an intensity difference between white matter and gray matter comparable to without a rephasing gradient. PMID- 3237139 TI - Laplace reconstruction of experimental diagnostic x-ray spectra. AB - This paper displays the results of a blind study used to determine the capability of a Laplace transform pair model to accurately reconstruct diagnostic x-ray spectra from experimental attenuation data. Spectra reconstructed from attenuation measurements are compared to experimental spectra obtained on the same unit using an intrinsic germanium spectrometer system. The results show that when pure attenuation materials are used, good agreement is obtained between the experimental and computed spectra. If an alloy attenuator like 1100 aluminum is used, the proportion of contaminants must be included in the Laplace formulation for accurate reconstruction. PMID- 3237140 TI - Optical image processing with liquid-crystal display for image intensifier/television systems. AB - We have studied the effect of real-time optical image processing (OIP) in an image intensifier/television (II-TV) radiographic imaging system by using a liquid-crystal display (LCD) placed between the II and the TV camera. The LCD compresses the dynamic range of the transmitted image by modulating the spatial distribution of the light intensity of the image from the output phosphor of the II. The degree of dynamic-range compression can be designed so that the dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the LCD-TV system on x-ray intensity matches that of the quantum noise. We measured the physical properties of an LCD and evaluated its capability for OIP. Our experimental results demonstrate that it is feasible to use an LCD to compress the dynamic range and to improve the SNR of the image. The advantages of implementing OIP with an LCD in image acquisition systems in which a TV camera is used are discussed. PMID- 3237141 TI - Improvement of spatial resolution properties of image intensifier-TV digital systems with a multiple-narrow-slit beam imaging technique. AB - Multiple-slit beam imaging technique with an image intensifier (II)-TV digital system has been developed to remove scatter and veiling glare while high x-ray beam utilization is maintained. Although the contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are improved with this technique, the overall image quality obtainable with an II-TV digital system is still limited due to low spatial resolution, which is mainly caused by the large pixel size, i.e., by the small matrix size used. In order to overcome the limitation of the pixel size, we have developed a new method of improving the resolution properties of the II-TV digital system by use of a multiple-slit assembly (MSA) having a narrow slit width. When the slit width of the MSA is narrower than the pixel size of the II-TV digital system, two signals from a given slit due to different MSA placements may be detected by the same pixel in different image frames, and the detected signals of the slit images are mapped to a large matrix. In this way, the spatial resolution in the direction perpendicular to the slit openings can be improved along with the increased contrast and SNR as the scatter and veiling glare can be removed. Experimental results are presented, and the effect of an anisotropic resolution property on the overall image quality is discussed. PMID- 3237142 TI - An evaluation of four methods of 111In planar image quantification. AB - The accurate quantification of the in vivo distribution of 111In labeled platelets, other cells, and proteins with a scintillation camera is important in clinical and experimental medicine. Planar techniques of image quantification were therefore evaluated with the aim of improving on the accuracy, and simplifying the techniques currently in use. The attenuation of the 172- and 247 keV photons of 111In, singly and in combination, was determined for varying diameter flat sources (3.4 to 16.9 cm). The influence of region of interest (ROI) selection on the shape of the attenuation curves was also determined for five different ROI's. Defining the attenuation curves mathematically generated parameters of fit for three approaches to in vivo quantification, namely: a single exponential geometric mean approach that takes into account source size, depth-dependent, and depth-independent buildup factor approaches to account for the contribution of scatter. The accuracy of these techniques was ascertained and compared to the classical geometric mean method. This was done in a waxen phantom of a human thorax with a hollow liver and spleen. The results indicated that the depth-independent buildup factor is the best method; the error for quantification in the spleen was 0.8% +/- 2.2%. The classical geometric mean approach gave a corresponding error of 43.3% +/- 3.4%. Since the attenuation of the two energies of 111In differ, their ratio changes with depth. This phenomenon was investigated with the goal of determining whether the depth of an object can be estimated from one set of planar images. This was not successful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237143 TI - An iron metabolism study in humans by means of stable tracers. AB - An investigation of iron metabolism in a female patient volunteer by administration of stable iron isotopes as tracers was performed. The applied methodology had already been tested in rabbits in comparison with radioactive tracer technique. The subject under study was given 58Fe solution intravenously and about 45 min later 57Fe solution orally. Ten blood samples were drawn at different times within 522 min from injection. Single iron isotopes content in plasma samples was determined by proton nuclear activation. A Compton suppressor system was utilized to improve the detector limits. The characteristic parameters of iron plasma clearance and of iron intestinal absorption were determined. PMID- 3237144 TI - Dosimetry models for radioimmunotherapy. AB - Tumor therapy using radiolabeled antibodies presents a challenging problem in absorbed dose determination. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of tumor size on the absorbed dose distribution from beta-emitters when the radiolabeled antibody is not uniformly distributed throughout the tumor. Two theoretical dosimetry models are constructed, one for nonvascularized micrometastases and the other for vascularized tumors. All calculations assume no penetration of radionuclide into the tumor. These are compared to an even distribution of radionuclide throughout the tumor. In micrometastases of 1-mm diameter or less, emitters of low energy such as 131I give higher dose rates than emitters of higher energy because less energy is lost outside the target volume. However, even with 131I, a significant proportion of the energy is not absorbed in the tumor and, as a result, the concentration of radionuclide necessary for a therapeutic radiation dose becomes higher as the tumor diameter gets smaller. Because it may be impossible to achieve these concentrations in very small tumors (less than 0.5-mm diameter), alpha-emitters may be useful in combination with beta-emitters for therapy of micrometastatic disease. In vascularized tumors, higher energy emitters such as 90Y yield higher doses because of overlapping dose distributions from multiple vascular sources. This also produces a more even dose distribution across a tumor, even when there is poor penetration of the radiolabeled antibody. Thus tumor size, antibody penetration, and tumor vascularity all influence the choice of radionuclide and, depending on the circumstances, alpha-emitters, low-energy beta-emitters, high-energy beta emitters, or some combination of the three may be most efficacious. PMID- 3237145 TI - Calculation of the dose delivered to organs outside the radiation beams. AB - An organ dose calculation based on measurements is described which models the total dose delivered outside a beam from 10 to 50 cm from the field edge. The dose distribution is parametrized for each beam energy as a function of depth, distance from the edge, and field size and shape. The algorithm also takes into account the organ location relative to the beam. Comparisons with measurements in an Alderson phantom using thermoluminescent dosimetry are given for various typical treatments. PMID- 3237146 TI - The influence of ionization chamber and phantom design on the measurement of lung dose in photon beams. AB - Lung dose correction factors, commonly defined as the ratios of ionization chamber readings in the heterogeneous and homogeneous phantoms, have been compared with those based on accurately determined doses. An analysis of stopping power values, Pwall values, and measurements in lunglike and waterlike materials showed that the wall material and thickness are not very critical in the determination of lung dose correction factors under conditions of electronic equilibrium. When lateral electronic equilibrium is not established due to the extended range of scattered electrons in the low density material, Prepl differs significantly from unity for ionization chambers with thick walls which do not match the lung material in density. An attempt has been made to characterize this effect as a function of photon energy, lung density, field size, and wall thickness. PMID- 3237147 TI - Theoretical evaluation of dose distributions in water about models 6711 and 6702 125I seeds. AB - The distribution of absorbed dose about models 6711 and 6702 125I seeds in water has been calculated from first principles using the Monte Carlo method. Dose is calculated as a function of angle with respect to the transverse seed bisector for distances from the seed center ranging from 0.1 to 7.5 cm. The computed results are compared to measured data. A truncated Fourier series is used to describe the Monte Carlo data in terms of a small number of coefficients, facilitating accurate and efficient dose calculations for clinical treatment planning. PMID- 3237148 TI - Automatic shimming for localized spectroscopy. AB - Localized in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance studies often require a high spectral resolution not achievable with the basic shim of a whole-body magnetic resonance magnet. Therefore, the magnetic field homogeneity needs to be optimized in the selected volume of interest within a reasonable time. For this purpose, a method of automatic shimming was developed and tested on phantoms and volunteers. The volume selection is performed by means of a surface coil or by using a localization method which generates a stimulated echo from the volume of interest. The optimization procedure uses the time integral over the magnitude of the free induction decay or echo signal as homogeneity criterion. A complete shimming process generally requires only 80 transients. Test experiments were conducted on various volume sizes ranging from 2 X 2 X 2 cm3 to 15 X 15 X 15 cm3 inside a large phantom. The resulting linewidth in small volumes at the magnet center compared well with the natural linewidth determined by means of the Carr Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. As expected, shimming in selected volumes at off center positions led to somewhat broader lines. Results obtained on volunteers demonstrate the practical value of this rapid, automatic shimming method for in vivo studies. PMID- 3237149 TI - Routine quality control tests for film-screen mammographic systems with automatic exposure control. AB - Quality control of the contrast and density of mammograms is of extreme importance not only because of patient dose considerations but also because of the need to monitor changes in the breast over extended periods of time. A phantom and test technique has been developed and used at two institutions for monitoring the ability of mammographic generators and phototiming systems to provide consistent contrast and density. The phantom consists of a solid acrylic block and an embedded aluminum step wedge designed specially for low kVp use. Optical densities of various portions of the phantom are used to determine constancy of density and contrast. By minimizing fluctuations due to processing and film handling, normal variations were reduced enough to determine changes in contrast and density due to generator and phototimer changes equivalent to those monitored in processor quality control programs. The data have been correlated with changes in processor function. Changes in density and contrast values have also been related to phototimer malfunction and reduced image quality. PMID- 3237150 TI - Monte Carlo simulation of diagnostic x-ray scatter. AB - A Monte Carlo method was developed and implemented to simulate x-ray photon transport. Simulations consisted of a pencil beam of monoenergetic photons with energies from 50 to 110 keV incident on water and aluminum slabs. The dependence of scatter fraction and multiple scattering on x-ray energy, scatterer thickness, and material is reported in both number and energy fluence. The average energy of scattered photons reaching the detector plane is also reported. Comparisons are made to previous x-ray scatter computations. PMID- 3237151 TI - Comparison of measured and calculated dose distributions around an iridium-192 wire. AB - The relative dose distribution around a 5.0-cm-long piece of 192Ir wire has been measured using LiF chips. Measurements were made at distances of 0.25 to 5.0 cm away from the source and distances of 0.0 to 4.0 cm along the source. In addition, measurements were also made at several distances along the axis of the source. Attention was paid to the errors associated with these measurements. A comparison was made between a commercial software program, ISODOS, an analytical solution to the Sievert integral, and the measurements. Good agreement was obtained at distances along and away from the source. Major disagreements were found at points along the source axis. PMID- 3237152 TI - The efficiency of clinical microwave applicators measured by a calorimetric method. AB - When inducing localized hyperthermia for superficial cancer therapy with microwaves there has often been question about the total power output from the applicator. Although specific absorption rates and thermograms are used to obtain localized power distributions and heating patterns, these provide, at best, only an approximation of the total power applied to tissues or phantoms. In this paper a calorimetric technique for obtaining total microwave output power from applicators is described. An experimental apparatus was constructed and it was found to be accurate to approximately +/- 5 W. The power output from four clinical microwave applicators as a function of applied electric power was measured and the efficiency was found to be 40% in average. Along with enhancing quality assurance, the areas of hyperthermia research which may benefit the most from this calorimetric technique are computer modeling and patient treatment planning. PMID- 3237153 TI - An explanation of the dose inhomogeneity caused by bolus in an electron portal. AB - When an electron beam is incident upon a stepped surface, such as that which exists when a slab of bolus is present with it's square edge within the portal, the dose distribution is strikingly perturbed. An easily demonstrable explanation is given which utilizes the customary, flat-incident surface electron beam dose distribution. PMID- 3237155 TI - Access control systems for radiotherapy treatment rooms. AB - The role of the time-delay or start-up switch as a safety feature in radiotherapy treatment rooms is discussed. A simple optical system which can be retrofitted to any treatment room is described. PMID- 3237154 TI - Acquisition and display of radiation dose distributions using microcomputer technology. AB - In the commissioning or quality assurance of a medical linear accelerator or a computerized radiotherapy planning system, the traditional approach usually consists of acquiring and comparing one-dimensional dose profiles. This methodology is tedious and incomplete since only a portion of the radiation field can realistically be sampled. We have developed an automated measurement system which allows efficient measurement and display of complete two-dimensional dose distributions. The general purpose microcomputer used (IBM PC/XT compatible) can be interfaced economically to any water phantom dosimetry system equipped with a three axis scan controller, and can also communicate data to the treatment planning system. This allows for direct comparison of measured with computed dose distributions, thus revealing discrepancies in the dose computation algorithms used. In this paper, we describe the interface between the microcomputer, a conventional water dosimetry system (Therados RFA-3), and a treatment planning computer. We report our early experience with acquiring dose distributions and show sample comparisons with computed results for megavoltage electron beams incident on homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. PMID- 3237156 TI - [Cancer of the exocrine pancreas. Clinical aspects--diagnosis--therapy]. PMID- 3237157 TI - [Intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in liver metastases of colorectal cancer]. PMID- 3237158 TI - [Exogenous allergic alveolitis as a difficult-to-recognize disease]. PMID- 3237159 TI - [Pericarditis, pleurisy, pulmonary coin lesions: extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis?]. PMID- 3237160 TI - [Heart-lung resuscitation by the first-aid clinician]. PMID- 3237161 TI - [Electrocardiography control of the position of the central venous catheter]. PMID- 3237162 TI - [Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the bile ducts]. PMID- 3237163 TI - Photodynamic therapy for tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3237164 TI - Ischemic colitis. PMID- 3237165 TI - The bovine carotid artery heterograft as a vascular access conduit for chronic hemodialysis. PMID- 3237166 TI - Appendicitis in children. PMID- 3237167 TI - "Pumpkin carvers" tendon injuries: repair of children's flexor tendon lacerations caused by a sharp knife. PMID- 3237168 TI - Minnesota's physician reporting law: when am I my brother's or sister's keeper? Part II. PMID- 3237169 TI - Controlled substances: are we in control? PMID- 3237170 TI - Consultations: clear communication prevents patient injuries and malpractice suits. PMID- 3237171 TI - POLs may soon be regulated. PMID- 3237172 TI - Fifteen years of Twin Cities health care competition. PMID- 3237173 TI - A turbulent transition for medicine. Interview by Richard L. Reece. PMID- 3237175 TI - AIDS: education is the answer. PMID- 3237174 TI - Truths and consequences of competition. Interview by Richard L. Reece. PMID- 3237176 TI - More problems with PRO. PMID- 3237177 TI - Questions "percutaneous discectomy". PMID- 3237178 TI - The health care manager of the future: the consumer. PMID- 3237179 TI - Consequences of competition. PMID- 3237180 TI - Physicians on the run. PMID- 3237181 TI - The clinical spectrum of alcohol-related nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis. PMID- 3237182 TI - Living will legislation--long overdue in Minnesota. PMID- 3237183 TI - Physician income, expenses, and fees: how do you compare? PMID- 3237185 TI - And is it necessary? PMID- 3237186 TI - Heterosexual HIV infection. PMID- 3237184 TI - Costly care for HIV babies. PMID- 3237187 TI - Clinical case management. PMID- 3237188 TI - The link between inpatient care and case management services. PMID- 3237189 TI - Case management and continuity of care for the "revolving-door" patient. PMID- 3237190 TI - The integrated clinically managed housing network. PMID- 3237191 TI - Financing case management: making the money work. PMID- 3237192 TI - "I want to go to the circus": a personal perspective on case management. PMID- 3237193 TI - New directions for clinical case management. PMID- 3237194 TI - [Modifications of contingent negative variation (CNV) induced by oxytocin infusion]. AB - The central effects of an intravenous infusion of oxytocin (OT), 3,680 mIU in 45 min, were investigated in 20 male volunteers in a double-blind study combining an electrophysiological and a psychometrical approach. The electrophysiological approach consisted in the simultaneous recording of the CNV (Fz-A1 and Cz-A1) and the spontaneous EEG (bipolar P3-P4) recording on which was carried out an FFT analysis. On the other hand, various psychometric tests allowed to assess memory (Rey's tests), attention (K-T test) processes and mood changes (visual analogue scales). Within the hour following the infusion, OT induced a significant decrease of CNV amplitude and an increase of the post-imperative positive component at Cz-A1. A similar effect was still observed one week later, but was more marked at Fz-A1. Neither mood nor attention tests evidenced any significant effect of OT. Only one item of the memory test PRM (item 4) revealed a significant impairment after OT infusion. There were no subjective effects reported. These observations provide new electrophysiological arguments supporting a central action of peripheral OT administration in man. This action, which may be characterized as an acceleration of CNV "habituation" is the opposite of the one described with vasopressin. PMID- 3237195 TI - [Contingent negative variation and regional cerebral blood flow in senile dementia and cerebral aging]. AB - Relationships between contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude, regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), mini mental status examination score (MMSE) and reaction time (RT) have been studied in young subjects, non-demented old subjects and patients with primary degenerative senile dementia. Significant correlations have been found between CNV amplitude and global CBF, MMSE score and reaction time. Factorial analysis has shown 3 factors weighted respectively by MMSE and CNV, antero-posterior ratio fort left hemispheric CBF and age, and antero posterior ratio for right hemispheric CBF and reaction time. Discriminant analysis has shown 2 discriminant functions differentiating young from old subjects with 90% accuracy and demented from non-demented patients with 75% accuracy. PMID- 3237196 TI - [Digital vibration syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome: possible neurophysiological differences?]. AB - Workers using vibrating tools are exposed to vascular and nervous symptoms called vibration syndrome (VS); moreover, the same subjects show increased prevalence of possible carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). To determine the diagnostic criteria of both syndromes, we studied clinical and neurophysiological signs and differences in 18 patients with VS and in 18 with CTS; neither group had any other pathologic symptoms. Clinical symptoms clearly distinguished the 2 groups of patients: Raynaud's phenomena were mainly observed in patients with VS (83% of cases), whereas Tinel's sign was found exclusively in patients with CTS (56% of cases). Neurophysiological results were qualitatively similar in both patients groups compared to control group results, showing a significant decrease in median motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (NCV), a significantly higher motor distal latency and a lower nerve action potential amplitude. These group results and the scattering of interindividual results did not allow us to classify any given patient in one group or the other. Nevertheless, statistical analysis showed differences between the 2 patient groups: median abnormalities were more severe, especially as revealed by the abductor pollicis brevis electromyogram, in patients with CTS, whereas ulnar motor distal latency and motor and sensory NCV were abnormal, exclusively in 50% of patients with VS. These results lend support to the assumption that the mechanical and vascular mechanisms responsible for lesions in both groups of patients may differ in nature or occur in a different sequence. PMID- 3237198 TI - Evoked potentials. PMID- 3237197 TI - [Appearance of EEG abnormalities in two patients during long-term treatment with B vitamins]. AB - Two female patients, one treated for epilepsy by phenobarbital (PB) and carbamazepine (CBZ), the other suffering from neurosis and free of any drug therapy, were given group B vitamins (riboflavin and nicotinic acid respectively) and showed during the long-term administration of these vitamins 2-3 Hz generalized electro-encephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. These EEG changes were detected incidentally and were not associated with any clinical manifestation; they disappeared progressively within several weeks after discontinuation of vitamin therapy. In our opinion, it is likely that the treatment with B vitamins was entirely responsible for the EEG changes, as one of the patients did not receive any other drug, while the other did not show any significant change of PB and CBZ plasma levels during vitamin therapy. However, other cases reported will be necessary to confirm our impressions. PMID- 3237199 TI - AIDS statistics. PMID- 3237200 TI - Medical misconduct. PMID- 3237201 TI - Humanities now? PMID- 3237202 TI - A voice from the basket. PMID- 3237203 TI - Let's work together! PMID- 3237204 TI - Metastatic thyroid adenocarcinoma presenting as exophthalmos. PMID- 3237205 TI - Postoperative epidural analgesia. After vaginal hysterectomy. PMID- 3237206 TI - Primary structure and promoter analysis of leghemoglobin genes of the stem nodulated tropical legume Sesbania rostrata: conserved coding sequences, cis elements and trans-acting factors. AB - The primary structure of a leghemoglobin (lb) gene from the stem-nodulated, tropical legume Sesbania rostrata and two lb gene promoter regions was analysed. The S. rostrata lb gene structure and Lb amino acid composition were found to be highly conserved with previously described lb genes and Lb proteins. Distinct DNA elements were identified in the S. rostrata lb promoter regions, which share a high degree of homology with cis-active regulatory elements found in the soybean (Glycine max) lbc3 promoter. One conserved DNA element was found to interact specifically with an apparently universal, trans-acting factor present in nuclear extracts of nodules. These results suggest a conserved mechanism for nodule specific induction of lb genes in leguminous plants. PMID- 3237207 TI - Mapping of chloroplast mutations conferring resistance to antibiotics in Chlamydomonas: evidence for a novel site of streptomycin resistance in the small subunit rRNA. AB - A major obstacle to our understanding of the mechanisms governing the inheritance, recombination and segregation of chloroplast genes in Chlamydomonas is that the majority of antibiotic resistance mutations that have been used to gain insights into such mechanisms have not been physically localized on the chloroplast genome. We report here the physical mapping of two chloroplast antibiotic resistance mutations: one conferring cross-resistance to erythromycin and spiramycin in Chlamydomonas moewusii (er-nM1) and the other conferring resistance to streptomycin in the interfertile species C. eugametos (sr-2). The er-nM1 mutation results from a C to G transversion at a well-known site of macrolide resistance within the peptidyl transferase loop region of the large subunit rRNA gene. This locus, designated rib-2 in yeast mitochondrial DNA, corresponds to residue C-2611 in the 23 S rRNA of Escherichia coli. The sr-2 locus maps within the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene at a site that has not been described previously. The mutation results from an A to C transversion at a position equivalent to residue A-523 in the E. coli 16 S rRNA. Although this region of the E. coli SSU rRNA has no binding affinity for streptomycin, it binds to ribosomal protein S4, a protein that has long been associated with the response of bacterial cells to this antibiotic. We propose that the sr-2 mutation indirectly affects the nearest streptomycin binding site through an altered interaction between a ribosomal protein and the SSU rRNA. PMID- 3237208 TI - Novel control elements in the alpha-1 tubulin gene promoter from Chlamydomonas reinhardii. AB - Alpha-1 tubulin is the principal alpha-tubulin isotype found in the flagella of the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Although the pattern of tubulin mRNA accumulation and utilization has been examined in some detail in Chlamydomonas (Lefebvre and Rosenbaum 1986), the transcriptional mechanisms establishing tubulin mRNA levels are not understood. To begin an analysis of the alpha-1 tubulin gene transcriptional control elements, we studied a number of promoter mutants of this gene from Chlamydomonas. These mutants, assayed by injection into Xenopus oocyte nuclei, delimit the promoter to 36 bp of DNA upstream of the cap site and 73 bp of the untranslated mRNA leader. A major rate controlling element lies in a short GC-rich sequence positioned between the TATA homology and the mRNA cap site (position + 1). A similar sequence motif has been found in the same position upstream of all four tubulin genes of Chlamydomonas (Brunke et al. 1984). A 10 bp linker insertion within this sequence abolishes transcription. A far upstream sequence, located in a fragment between -400 and 800, is an efficiency element, whose deletion inhibits transcription in vivo by about 30%. The upstream element (ue) also has the unique ability to drive RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription in vivo when isolated from all downstream promoter elements, unlike any control element described to date. These results suggest that a sequence within the upstream element is an entry site for RNAPII into the tubulin transcription unit. PMID- 3237209 TI - 5S rRNA genes in Pisum: sequence, long range and chromosomal organization. AB - We have employed a combination of techniques to examine the organization of pea 5S rRNA genes. These include the analysis of length variant interspersion patterns in cosmid clones, sequence analysis, Southern analysis of both conventional gels and field inversion gels and in situ hybridization. From these analyses we conclude that the 5S rRNA genes of pea are arranged in three major tandem arrays which are represented by three large EcoRI fragments and that these correspond to the three sites of in situ hybridization in the haploid pea complement. PMID- 3237210 TI - Correlation of physical maps and some genetic functions in the genomes of the kappa-theta phage family of Bacillus licheniformis. AB - Natural recombinant genomes between several, phenotypically distinct forms of phages kappa and theta were isolated and characterized by DNA restriction fragment mapping and electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis. The phenotypes of the recombinants were correlated with the physical maps of the genomes, and several genetic functions were therefore defined and mapped. All genes necessary for the assembly of infectious virus particles map in a contiguous tract of DNA comprising about 20 kb, or nearly one third of the genome length. No DNA homology occurs within these domains of the two genomes, so that homologous recombination does not take place here and phenotypic mixing of the phages is eo ipso excluded. Other regions of heterology contain regulatory genes responsible for the lytic or temperature character of the phages, and for exclusion of phage kappa by 9. PMID- 3237211 TI - Selection and characterization of ura5 mutants of Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - The combined use of non-aggregating Histoplasma capsulatum strains and a defined medium which allows quantitative plating of the yeast phase has allowed us to select 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA)-resistant mutants of this dimorphic fungus. Approximately two-thirds of the 5-FOA-resistant strains were auxotrophic for uracil; all were deficient in orotidine-5'-monophosphate pyrophosphorylase (OMPpase) activity. One class of OMPpase mutant (alpha), which retained a low level of OMPpase activity, was auxotrophic in the yeast phase (37 degrees C) but grew slowly in the mycelial phase (25 degrees C) without exogenous uracil. This phenotype was not due to a temperature-sensitive OMPpase activity. Both wild-type and alpha mutants had a higher OMPpase activity in the mycelial phase than the yeast phase; this increased activity may be sufficient to allow mycelial growth of alpha mutants. PMID- 3237212 TI - Selection of an atrazine-resistant tobacco cell line having a mutant psbA gene. AB - A mutant cell line that shows high resistance to the photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide atrazine was selected from cultured photomixotrophic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN cells by repeated exposure to toxic levels of the herbicide. This resistance was confirmed by measurements of Hill reaction activity in isolated thylakoid membranes. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that the resistant cell line had a point mutation in its chloroplast psbA gene. The 264th codon, AGT (serine) was changed to ACT (threonine) in this mutant. This new type of mutation also conferred moderate cross-resistance to diuron and subsequently was stable in the absence of continued selection pressure. PMID- 3237213 TI - Assessment of polyclonal antibody binding of ligand by Sips' equation or by the exact polyclonal equation. Comparison of models. AB - Different possibilities of modelling equilibrium data on polyclonal antibody binding of ligand were investigated. The binding curves of the exact polyclonal model, based upon the mass-action law, and the Sips' model were compared. The basic assumption was that the free energy of binding is distributed according to the Gauss normal distribution. Using a few equations, the values of binding site concns and affinity constants of the individual clones were converted to the parameters of Sips' equation (that is, A = Ab binding site concn, K0 = average affinity, Hi = heterogeneity index). It was demonstrated that the binding curves from the exact polyclonal and the Sips' equations were very similar for simulated, approximately normally distributed antibody populations. Even when only two or three Ab-clones are involved, the Sips' and the exact polyclonal binding curves are very similar as long as the ratio between affinity constants does not exceed 10. Equilibrium data plotted as bound ligand concn on a linear scale vs free ligand concn on a logarithmic scale (or alternatively after logarithmic transformation of free ligand concn) form the well known sigmoid saturation curve. A mathematical relationship was demonstrated between half height slope of such curves, resulting from approximately normally distributed antibody populations, and parameters of Sips' equation. The half-height slope is Hi X A/4 when natural logarithms are used. The ideas described were illustrated by weighted nonlinear curve-fittings applied to actual equilibrium data on anti DNP antibodies. Tested in this way, the Sips' and a 2-clonal model gave equally good fit but somewhat different average affinities. It was concluded that it is often impossible to distinguish between a 2-clonal, a 3-clonal or an approximately normally distributed antibody population by curve-fitting to experimental equilibrium data. PMID- 3237214 TI - Stereospecific immuno-recognition of the tetracyclic anti-depressant oxaprotiline. AB - Immunization of a rabbit with a racemic mixture of (+/-)-oxaprotiline, conjugated to bovine serum albumin, resulted in two antibody populations with affinity constants 1.5 x 10(9) and 2.5 x 10(6) M-1. Both populations showed a higher affinity for the (-)-isomer than for the (+)-isomer of the drug. Both stereoisomers of the drug were immunogenic in mice, but only the (-)-isomer was recognized with high affinity. Somatic fusion of the spleen of a mouse, immunized with the (-)-isomer yielded 12 hybridomas secreting monoclonal anti-oxaprotiline antibodies. Five of these monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognized both isomers, four bound more specifically to the (-)-isomer, one recognized the (+)-isomer and two were specific for the coupling arm. One of the MAbs was further analyzed to gain insight into the structural features of the drug involved in antibody recognition. This analysis suggested that the stereospecific recognition of oxaprotiline could be directly linked to the position of the hydroxyl group on the asymmetric carbon. PMID- 3237215 TI - Cryoprecipitation properties of a high-affinity monoclonal IgM anti-fluorescyl antibody. AB - A high affinity (Ka = 2-3 x 10(10) M-1) murine monoclonal anti-fluorescein IgM antibody (18-2-3) exhibiting low temp. insolubility in the absence of bound ligand has served as a model to study cryoprecipitation. Insolubility of 18-2-3 at low temp. (4 degrees C) had been shown to be reversible at higher temp. and in the presence of fluorescyl ligand, indicating antigen binding site involvement. The primary objectives were to isolate and identify structural component(s) responsible for insolubility at low temp. Procedures developed for production and isolation of the monomeric subunit (IgMs) involved thiol reduction and gel filtration separation in the presence of the zwitterionic detergent, CHAPS. Fab and (Fc)5 fragments generated by papain digestion were purified sequentially by gel filtration (Sephadex G-200) and affinity chromatography (fluorescein Sepharose). A protocol for covalent labeling of Fab fragments with the fluorescent chromophore 2,5 DNS-Cl was developed in order to measure steady-state fluorescence polarization. In kinetic and equilibrium cryoprecipitation assays, nonliganded 18-2-3 IgM and IgMs demonstrated insolubility. Bound fluorescyl ligand, increased ionic strength (0.5 M NaCl) or basic pH (greater than 8.0) abrogated cryoprecipitation. Isolated Fab or (Fc)5 fragments did not exhibit low temp. insolubility. Decreased cryoprecipitation occurred when (Fc)5 fragments were added to nonliganded 18-2-3 IgM. Fluorescence polarization of 2,5 DNS Fab 18 2-3 fragments indicated lack of Fab-Fab aggregation. Results suggested that electrostatic interactions involving 18-2-3 antibody combining sites with interactive sites in the Fc region of homologous IgM were responsible for the phenomenon of cryoprecipitation. PMID- 3237216 TI - The role of Fc:Fc interactions in insoluble immune complex formation and complement activation. AB - The initial rate of formation of insoluble immune complexes from rabbit IgG and ovalbumin was approximately 12 times that for formation of F(ab')2-ovalbumin complexes. At low IgG concns, in the range 0.7-2.7 nM, the formation of insoluble immune complexes was characterised by a lag phase, especially for complexes formed in low antigen excess, compared to antibody excess. Guanidine HCl (at concns up to 0.5 M) and urea (at concns up to 1 M) decreased the initial rates of formation of IgG immune complexes more than F(ab')2 immune complexes. Pre-formed IgG immune complexes were solubilised at lower guanidine HCl concns than were F(ab')2 immune complexes. C1q enhanced the initial rate of formation of IgG immune complexes at C1q:IgG ratios up to 1:1. Higher C1q concns decreased the initial rate of formation of the complexes. Urea (1 M) blocked the C1q mediated enhancement of immune complex formation. PMID- 3237217 TI - Studies on the mechanism of C3b inhibition of immune complex induced C1 activation. AB - We had previously demonstrated that in normal human serum (NHS) nascent C3b inhibited C1 activation by immune complexes (IC). We have now investigated the mechanism of this feedback inhibition. For these studies, EA-IgG were added to solutions containing physiological concns of purified C1, C1-In, C2, C3 and C4. Mixtures were then incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. Western blot and autoradiographic analyses revealed that almost half of the IgG molecules had become covalently linked to C3b in a 1:1 complex with the C3 alpha' chain of C3b being bound to the heavy chain of IgG. IgG-C3b and free IgG were separated by ion exchange chromatography and immune complexes were formed with each. The consumption of complement in NHS by EA-IgG and EA-(IgG-C3b) were then compared. The results indicate that binding of C3b to IgG did not significantly inhibit the C1 activating potential of the IgG. Thus feedback inhibition is not due to the binding of C3b to IgG. An alternative mechanism was next explored. After incubation of EA-IgG with C1 through C3, EA were separated from supernatant fluid by centrifugation. It was determined that one-third to one-half of the IgG had been released from the erythrocytes. Release appears not to have been due to C3b binding to IgG, since the released IgG-C3b readily bind to fresh sheep erythrocyte (E), and since IgG that was free of C3b was also released from EA by complement, it is more likely that C3b binding to the E caused the dissociation of antibody. These results indicate that under physiological conditions, the C1 activating potential of an immune complex is greatly reduced as the result of the binding of nascent C3b to the antigen moiety of the IC, thereby causing the displacement of complement activating antibody. In addition to IgG, IgG-C3b is also released from the IC. PMID- 3237218 TI - Drugs as allergens: detection and combining site specificities of IgE antibodies to sulfamethoxazole. AB - An immunoassay was developed for the detection of sulfamethoxazole reactive IgE antibodies in the sera of patients who experienced life threatening anaphylactic reactions following the ingestion of co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole). Patients who had significant levels of sulfamethoxazole reactive IgE antibodies in their sera did not have IgE antibodies that reacted with trimethoprim-Sepharose. Inhibition experiments with a number of sulfonamides to determine the fine structural specificities of the sulfamethoxazole reactive IgE antibodies in three patients revealed that sulfamethoxazole and, depending on the serum, sulfamerazine and sulfamethizole, were the most potent inhibitors of IgE binding, whereas the parent sulfonamide, sulfanilamide, was a very poor inhibitor. From a detailed examination of structure-activity relationships, we concluded that the 5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl group on the sulfamethoxazole molecule was the allergenic determinant for all three patients with the 5-methyl group being particularly important for IgE antibody recognition. The assays for the detection of IgE antibodies to sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim should prove useful for the diagnosis of immediate hypersensitivity to co-trimoxazole and perhaps for monitoring drug therapy in AIDS patients where a high incidence of adverse reactions to co-trimoxazole has been reported. PMID- 3237219 TI - Biosynthesis of complement factor P (properdin) by the human pre-monocyte cell line (U-937). AB - The human monocyte-like cell line, U-937, is known to differentiate into macrophage-like cells following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The activated cells have been reported to have enhanced capacity to synthesize C2, C3, Factors B and H. Here, U-937 cells were used as a model system to investigate the effects of immunomodulatory agents on the biosynthesis of Factor P by monocytoid cells. Non-stimulated U-937 cells progressively secreted increasing amounts of Factor P over a 72-hr culture period. The secreted Factor P was hemolytically active. The daily production of Factor P was nearly linear (approx. 2.1 +/- 0.2 ng/10(6) cells; mean +/- SEM). Factor P synthesis was reversibly inhibited by cycloheximide indicating de novo synthesis. Both secreted Factor P and Factor P in normal plasma contained Factor P of heterogeneous molecular sizes and eluted from Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration column as a broad peak (mol. wt 250-800 kDa). The synthesis of Factor P by U-937 cells was augmented 1.8-, 2.1- and 2.5-fold respectively following induction with PMA (30 ng/ml), IFN-gamma (100 U/ml) and LPS (0.1 microgram/ml). Metabolic labeling of U-937 cells and autoradiograms of SDS-PAGE analysis of Factor P immunoprecipitates demonstrated a 54 kDa band in the culture supernate, co migrating with purified 125I Factor P. Intracellular Factor P however had an apparent mol. wt that was 4000 kDa smaller than secreted Factor P. Thus U-937 cells synthesize a precursor Factor P subunit polypeptide chain which undergoes post-synthetic glycosylation and polymerization to give rise to the oligomers characteristic of native Factor P in fresh plasma. Our data also demonstrate that Factor P synthesis by monocytic cells can be enhanced by immunomodulatory factors or mediators that are generally found at sites of inflammation and immune response. PMID- 3237220 TI - Characterization of an IgY-like low molecular weight immunoglobulin class in the Mexican axolotl. AB - The general thinking about the phylogenic distribution of vertebrate Ig classes is that fish and urodele amphibians are only able to synthesize polymeric IgM like molecules and that the emergence of a new class of LMW Ig occurs for the first time in anouran species. Following immunization of the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum, Amphibia, Urodela) with TNP-SRBC, HMW anti-TNP antibody molecules are only detected. We have previously shown that these polymeric Ig are constituted of 76 kDa H-chains associated to 27-30 kDa L-chains, respectively recognized by MAbs 33.45.1 and 33.101.2. However, the euglobulin fraction purified from normal axolotl serum contains, beside HMW Ig, abundant 172 kDa molecules which are recognized by MAb 33.101.2 in Western blotting in non reducing conditions but are not labelled with MAb 33.45.1. In the present work, we characterize this 172 kDa molecule as a LMW Ig which differs from the HMW Ig both at the level of the physicochemical and antigenic properties of their H chain components. This new 11.9 S axolotl Ig presents some similarities with anouran IgY. The detection of IgY-like molecules in urodele amphibian extends the occurrence of at least two antigenically different H-chain isotypes to all the representative modern classes of the Tetrapoda superclass. PMID- 3237221 TI - [Hepatic CoA availability in the use of long-chain and medium-chain triglycerides]. AB - Medium chain fatty acids are activated in contrast to long chain fatty acids within the mitochondrial matrix space to acyl-CoA. Therefore they are considered independent from the carnitine transfer system. Using the model of the isolated perfused rat liver, the influence of LCT and MCT on the hepatic CoA-availability was tested by means of the CoA dependent benzoate induced hippurate formation. During the perfusion with MCT only 1/3 of the amount of hippuric acid was formed compared to the effect of LCT. This result could be confirmed in surgical patients under total parenteral nutrition including MCT respectively LCT. The results of our investigations suggest, that the use of MCT leads to a lower hepatic CoA-availability when compared to LCT. PMID- 3237222 TI - ["Nursing bottle syndrome" in young children. Dental findings, incidence and family environment]. AB - 436 children affected by the "nursing-bottle-syndrome" visiting the paedodontic consulting-hour of the "Zentrum fur Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde" in Giessen with their parents from 1981 to 1983, were examined for temporary-tooth destruction by caries. In addition, social factors, causing the bad habit of excessive prolonged drinking from nursing-bottles over a time longer than the first 12 months, were found with the help of a questionnaire for the parents. Finally, the knowledge of the patients residences allowed an estimate of the number of children concerned in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 3237223 TI - [Clinical picture and course of children with CHARGE association]. AB - Four children are described who presented malformations according to CHARGE Association. The primary abnormalities were choanal atresia and/or Coloboma. All four cases exhibited esophageal malformations: atresia and/or fistulas. At autopsy, three children showed arhinencephaly which is rarely observed in patients with CHARGE-Association. Patients with the main features of CHARGE Association have a very poor prognosis depending on the severity of the malformations. PMID- 3237224 TI - [Assessment of neonatal hypoglycemia with 2 test strip methods]. AB - We evaluated two glucose test strips for their accuracy in detecting hypoglycemia in newborn infants. Reflotest-Hypoglycemia and Haemo-Glucotest and the reflectance meter technique Reflomat I and Reflolux II respectively were used for screening blood sugar values, and compared with laboratory glucose determination using an automatic analyzer (glucose oxidase method). In 134 neonatal blood samples of 56 newborn infants glucose was quantified with the three methods. Hypoglycemia was defined as blood glucose of less than 2.2 mmol/l (less than 40 mg/dl). Test sensitivity was 71%, specificity 97% for Reflomat I, 88% and 82% for Reflolux II, respectively. Analysing the falsely normoglycemic values measured by Reflomat I, no true blood sugar value below 2 mmol/l (less than 36 mg/dl) was found, and no value below 1.2 mmol/l (less than 22 mg/dl) measured by Reflolux II. Defining hypoglycemia as a blood glucose value of less than 2 mmol/l (less than 36 mg/dl) the sensitivity for Reflomat I would be 100%; therefore, significant hyoglycemia should not be missed with this test. Both tests give some false-positives; 3 of 100 Reflomat I and 18 of 100 Reflolux II readings were falsely below 2.2 mmol/l (less than 40 mg/dl). From these data we conclude that Reflomat I is an accurate screening-test for hypoglycemia in neonates; while the use of Reflolux II would cause too much unnecessary treatment. PMID- 3237225 TI - [Concordance of Kearns-Sayre syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome]. AB - In the last years the Kearns-Sayre-Syndrome has been defined with the typical trias of chronic external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinal dystrophy and cardiac conduction defects. Today it is no longer believed to present an entity but a variant of the multiple plussymptoms of the ophthalmoplegia-plus group. In pediatrics the existence of this clinical disorder is not yet well acknowledged. The case of a 16-year-old patient is used as an example for the impressive clinical symptoms and the involvement of several organs in this clinical disorder. The combination with a Klinefelter-Syndrome has not previously been reported. PMID- 3237226 TI - [Estimate of prospective body height of patients with Ullrich-Turner syndrome]. AB - The prospective final height was assessed in girls with Ullrich-Turner syndrome and compared with the final height attained, using different methods of evaluation for the prospective final height. The Bayley-Pinneau method gave the best results, which were further improved by correction of the data by using our own measurements. PMID- 3237227 TI - [Doppler flow velocities in cerebral arteries in relation to intravenous phenobarbital in premature infants weighing between 500 and 1,500 g]. AB - In very premature ventilated infants (GA 25-30 weeks, BW 575-1420 g) values for heart frequency, mean arterial blood pressure and pCO2 were obtained, and also Doppler-sonographic measurements of the right internal carotid artery were performed to assess cerebral haemodynamics, before and 5-10 min after the intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg phenobarbitone (study I/n = 10) or 5 mg/kg phenobarbitone (study II/n = 10). There were no significant changes in any of these parameters. Therefore phenobarbitone does not have seem to have any significant effect on cerebral haemodynamics up to a dosage of 20 mg/kg, so that there is no apparent effect on the risk of cerebral haemorrhage. On the other hand this study confirms that phenobarbitone can be used in very low birth weight preterm infants with this dosage without causing any substantial haemodynamic risk. PMID- 3237228 TI - [7p-deletion syndrome]. AB - A similar pattern of dysmorphic features and congenital malformations was found in two infants, one with a larger terminal deletion of 7p13-pter and the other with a smaller interstitial deletion of 7p13-p15. The more prominent features of the syndrome include plagioturricephaly (which is caused by premature asymmetric closure of the frontal and coronal sutures), osseous defects of the parietal bones, short fingers, proximally implanted thumbs (in both), microphthalmia, congenital heart defect, and hydronephrosis (one). In addition, both patients revealed intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation and pronounced mental deficits. PMID- 3237229 TI - [International experts' discussion. To what extent do endogenous immune resistance mechanisms influence the selection of antibiotics? 25 May 1988, Taormina. Abstracts]. PMID- 3237230 TI - [Comparison of 2 pancreatic enzyme preparations in the treatment of digestive insufficiency in mucoviscidosis (cystic fibrosis)]. AB - In an open trial 10 patients with cystic fibrosis were treated with two acid protected pancreatic enzyme preparations formed as microtablets or pellets. The difference between Panzytrat 20,000 and Kreon is that with only 225 mg pancreatin, the former has twice the lipase activity of the latter. Therefore, the patients who had been taken Kreon were given only half the number of Panzytrat 20,000 capsules. There were no significant differences seen between the amounts of fecal fat nor in the fecal weight. In our study the fat absorption coefficient was somewhat too low with 67.4% for Kreon and 71.3% for Panzytrat 20,000 because of too low enzyme dosage, which was based only on an improvement of the clinical symptoms. Therefore, we would recommend a higher dose of 1000 1500 units of lipase/l g of dietary fat ingested. This requires the use of a preparation with high enzyme activity. PMID- 3237231 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of encopresis]. AB - 37 children (aged 4 1/2-15 1/2 years) with encopresis were seen at the psychosomatic outpatient unit of the university children's hospital of Graz in the course of two years, comprising 1.8% of all our outpatients of that time (n = 2037). They had been referred to us by pediatricians general practitioners, welfare institutions and the local children's surgical hospital. Based an our observations and data-analysis of this heterogenic group we would like to suggest a subdivision of the new classification group of "elimination disorders" (307.70/307.60 DSM III-R) into three main subgroups; according to the use of the fifth digit in the DSM III-R (e.g. mood disorders 296.xx) we define: 307.71: primary infantile encopresis (group I); 307.72: primary reactive encopresis (group II a); 307.73: secondary reactive encopresis (group II b); 307.74: late "neurotic" encopresis (group III); 307.70: not otherwise specified NOS. Moreover, we hope to draw attention to the specific psychodynamics of this functional disorder, since we believe this to be a fundamental prerequisite for any successful therapeutic intervention. PMID- 3237232 TI - [Posthepatic jaundice caused by abnormalities of the pancreaticobile duct system in early childhood]. AB - Anomalies of the pancreatico-biliary tract present the most frequent cause of posthepatic cholestasis in the young child, whereas calculous disease or infections or compression by vascular abnormalities or neoplasms are less frequent. Generally, abdominal pain and jaundice begin acutely and increase following progressive biliary congestion. The preoperative diagnosis by ERCP or PTC or the intraoperative diagnosis of a relevant pancreaticobiliary anomaly stress the necessity of an operative management performing a bypass of the Sphincter Oddi and of the site of the anomaly. Local operative revision alone seems to be associated with a frequent relapse of cholestasis. PMID- 3237233 TI - [Exact description of non-glomerular and glomerular erythrocyte forms in pediatric hematuria]. PMID- 3237234 TI - Phagocytosis of autologous lymphocytes by cervical preneoplastic and neoplastic cells. AB - Eighty-nine random Pap smears of the uterine cervix were examined to evaluate the phagocytic abnormal cells (PACs) of atypical, dysplastic and neoplastic tissues against infiltrated blood cells. The results revealed that none of the PACs have been identified in atypical (II) and mild dysplastic cells (IIIa). Low levels (1.2%) of PACs were initially demonstrated in patients with moderate dysplasia (IIIb) that increased 1.7-fold in subsequent severe dysplasia (IIIc) and further increased 2.8-fold in invasive carcinomas of the cervix (V). In addition, the data showed age-related responsiveness toward the development of PACs, where 82% of old patients have developed phagocytic activity in moderate dysplastic cells compared with 27% of young patients. However, the difference became less significant at the subsequent classes of the disease. These data further demonstrated that PACs are class-dependent and it may explain one mechanism by which precancerous cells escape immunosurveillance. PMID- 3237235 TI - [Regulation of synthesis of virus-specific RNA in cells infected with influenza virus]. AB - Interrelationships between the level of protein synthesis and the pattern of virus-specific transcription in influenza virus-infected cells have been studied with the use of a wide range of concentrations of a protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide). The obtained data reveal a predominant stimulation of the transcription for some viral genes by partial suppression of protein synthesis. The data also suggest the existence of cRNA (full transcripts) synthesis regulation, in addition to the regulation of vRNA and mRNA synthesis described earlier. PMID- 3237236 TI - [Differences in the localization of Alu-repeats in various chromosomes of peripheral blood cells from normal donors and bone marrow cells from patients with acute leukemia]. AB - The dispersion of the Alu-family DNA repeats in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from peripheral blood of normal donors as well as in nonstimulated bone marrow cells of four patients suffering from acute leukemia was studied by hybridization on metaphase chromosomes in situ. DNA of bacteriophage lambda CAR42 clone containing the insertion of at least 8 copies of Alu-family DNA-repeats and labelled with tritium was used as a probe in hybridization. All patients with acute leukemia had the same pattern of changes in hybridization of the bone marrow cells. It consists of silver grains clustering over 3q26, 8p12, 14q24. The pattern may reflect amplification transposition of Alu-family DNA repeats in the human genome connected with cellular differentiation or malignant transformation of blood cells. PMID- 3237237 TI - Effects of excessive use of remaining muscle fibers in prior polio and LV lesion. AB - Twenty-three subjects with weakness of musculus tibialis anterior (TA) due to prior poliomyelitis (n = 19) or prior LV lesion (n = 4) were examined regarding the use of remaining TA motor units during walking and the consequences of long term overuse for the TA muscle fibers. Subjects with an excessive overuse exhibited almost only type 1 muscle fibers and with marked hypertrophy. Subjects who did not use remaining TA fibers because of too-severe paralysis had a normal fiber type differentiation and fiber atrophy. The use of remaining TA motor units was correlated to the type 1 muscle fiber percentage (r = 0.69) and to the type 1 fiber size (r = 0.78). Identical changes were observed in subjects with prior poliomyelitis and in subjects with prior LV lesion and were, thus, not specific for poliomyelitis. The changes in fiber type composition may be explained by a transition of type 2 to type 1 muscle fibers in accordance with previously reported experimental transneuronal stimulation through implanted electrodes in animals. PMID- 3237238 TI - The binding of lipoproteins to human muscle cells: binding and uptake of LDL, HDL, and alpha-tocopherol. AB - The specific binding of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to cells and its subsequent uptake into these cells is well documented, but little is known of the LDL binding and uptake by skeletal muscle. Lipoproteins are the major transporters of tocopherols, deficiencies of which have been associated with a number of muscle diseases of animals. Their possible implication in human muscle diseases prompted our investigation of LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) binding and uptake into human muscle cells in culture. Cultured human muscle cells were used at both the myoblast and myotube stage. They were incubated with LDL or HDL which were labelled by protein iodination or with (3H) alpha-tocopherol and receptor binding and cell uptake characteristics established. LDL binds to both myoblasts and myotubes, but the binding affinity increases significantly with the more highly differentiated cells. This binding appears to be specific to LDL receptors. The LDL is taken into the muscle cell and protein is degraded, as with other types of cells. HDL also binds to muscle cells, but there is no evidence of internalization. alpha-Tocopherol is transferred to muscle cells from both LDL and HDL, but the transfer is not dependent on lipoprotein internalization. HDL is effective as a means of transport of alpha-tocopherol to muscle cells, but LDL appears to be about one order more effective. PMID- 3237239 TI - Patterns of selective involvement of thigh muscles in neuromuscular disease. AB - In 14 patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, and type 3 spinal muscular atrophy, CT scans of the thigh muscles were correlated with single fiber EMG studies in vastus lateralis, semimembranosus and biceps femoris muscles. There was a relation between the extent of CT scan abnormality and increased fiber density in the three muscles studied, except in the most severely affected muscles in which in some muscles the fiber density values were lower than expected. These results were independent of the underlying pathology. Correlative CT/SFEMG studies provide insights into the pattern of selective involvement of certain muscles in neuromuscular disorders. PMID- 3237240 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of denervated and reinnervated neuromuscular junction. AB - Morphological changes of the subneural apparatus (SNA) during denervation and reinnervation are demonstrated using the hamster peroneus longus muscle. One week after nerve section, synaptic grooves (SGs) were more shallow, with lowered sarcoplasmic ridges. After 4 weeks, the whole SNA area was elevated above the sarcolemma as a flat plate, which persisted as a fusiform bulge for more than 8 weeks. There was a rapid and progressive decrease in the number of junctional folds (JFs) and slit-to-pit transformation of their openings. There was no trace of the SNA after 16 weeks. By 4 weeks after nerve suture, SGs were flattened but did not form the plate-like elevation. Many shallow pit-like JFs still persisted. At 10 weeks, deep SGs started to be restored with an increased number of deep slit-like JFs. The SNA recovered its normal structural organization by the week 20. However, a few pit-like vestigial JFs were present outside the groove. PMID- 3237241 TI - Leprosy neuritis: diagnostic difficulties. PMID- 3237242 TI - Dorsal interrosseous nerve compression syndrome from the use of a Canadian crutch. PMID- 3237243 TI - Mycotoxin-producing potential of fungi isolated from red kidney beans. AB - The predominant fungi present in samples of reject and retail red kidney beans were Aspergillus glaucus, Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp. Together with A. ochraceus, A. flavus, Fusarium spp., and Trichoderma, these isolates from the reject beans were screened for numerous mycotoxins by TLC. The most consistently produced mycotoxins were penicillic acid (from A. ochraceus and Penicillium spp.) and Alternaria toxins (tenuazonic acid and alternariol). A. glaucus strains were tested for cytotoxicity in three tissue culture cell lines with positive results. PMID- 3237244 TI - In situ localization of antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum using colloidal gold immune electron microscopy. AB - Histoplasma capsulatum contains multiple antigens, among them the H antigen and M antigen, which are useful in serologic testing for histoplasmosis. We prepared 7 mouse monoclonal antibodies (5 IgG, 2 IgM) to histoplasmin, and compared these with polyclonal histoplasmin antibodies raised in rabbits and mice. Both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were high titered by ELISA. Colloidal gold immune electron microscopy (CGIEM) showed that polyclonal antibodies to histoplasmin or H antigen bound at multiple sites in the cell wall, cytoplasm, and nucleus of Histoplasma yeast cells. In contrast, antibodies to M antigen selectively label the cell membrane and antibodies to alkali soluble cell wall antigen label only the cell wall. Polyclonal antibodies cross reacted extensively with other fungi, both by ELISA and CGIEM. Monoclonal antibodies stained only cytoplasmic epitopes, but also cross reacted with other fungi by electron microscopy. Only periodate treated H antigen elicited polyclonal antibodies which were more specific than those of untreated H antigen or histoplasmin. PMID- 3237245 TI - Giant gram-negative noncultivable endospore-forming bacteria in rodent intestines. PMID- 3237246 TI - Could mosses be used for the subsequent mapping of the Chernobyl fallout? PMID- 3237247 TI - [Depression of the critical pH in remineralization of a dental enamel admixture of calcium by cariogenic food]. PMID- 3237248 TI - Color induction: spatial gain of regional retinal disinhibition in different color channels. PMID- 3237249 TI - Dead Sea asphalt in Egyptian mummies: molecular evidence. PMID- 3237250 TI - Magnetic-field-induced changes in the human auditory evoked potentials. PMID- 3237251 TI - On the 5-hydroxytryptamine transport across the plasma membrane of rabbit platelets and its inhibition by imipramine. AB - 1. The carrier-mediated uptake of labelled 5-hydroxytryptamine (3H-5-HT) in rabbit platelets (defined as the difference between uptake observed in the absence and presence of 10 mumol l-1 imipramine) was studied after inhibition of monoamine oxidase and after a 1:13 dilution of the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with Tris-containing buffer. 2. Irrespective of whether the rabbits were pretreated with reserpine or not, initial rates of 3H-5-HT uptake were maintained for at least 15 s. 3. Analysis of the saturation kinetics of 3H-5-HT uptake using Hill's equation yielded Km, Vmax and nH values of 130 nmol l-1, 116 pmol 10(8) platelets-1 min-1 and 1.40, respectively. Pretreatment of the animals with reserpine did not affect any of these kinetic parameters, but depleted more than 99% of the platelets' 5-HT stores. 4. The nH value remained greater than unity when the duration of incubation with 3H-5-HT was extended from 15 to 30 s and when the uptake of 3H-5-HT was inhibited by the presence of imipramine (10-40 nmol l-1). However, it was reduced to unity (with a consequential increase in Km) when 300 nmol l-1 ketanserin was present. This concentration of ketanserin did not affect 3H-5-HT uptake at substrate concentrations far below Km. 5. Imipramine inhibited 3H-5-HT uptake by increasing the Km for 3H-5-HT without changing Vmax. The Ki for this interaction was 18 nmol l-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237252 TI - Identification of presynaptic 5-HT1 autoreceptors in pig brain cortex synaptosomes and slices. AB - Pig brain cortex synaptosomes and slices preincubated with 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine (3H-5-HT) were superfused with physiological salt solution containing citalopram (an inhibitor of 5-HT uptake), and the effects of indolethylamines and 5-HT receptor antagonists on the potassium- or electrically evoked 3H overflow were determined. The potassium (25 mmol/l)-evoked tritium overflow from cortex synaptosomes was inhibited by 5-HT; the inhibitory effect of 5-HT was counteracted by metitepine, which, by itself, did not affect the evoked overflow. 5-Methoxytryptamine (examined in the absence of citalopram) also produced an inhibition of the evoked overflow. In cortex slices, the electrically (3 Hz) evoked overflow was inhibited by 5-HT and 5-carboxamidotryptamine. The inhibitory effect of 5-HT was antagonized by metitepine, which, given alone, increased the evoked overflow, but was not attenuated by ketanserin and ICS 205-930 ([3 alpha tropanyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid ester), which, by themselves, did not influence the evoked overflow. The present results suggest that the serotoninergic nerve fibres of the pig brain cortex are endowed with presynaptic 5-HT1 receptors, which can be activated by endogenous and exogenous 5-HT. PMID- 3237254 TI - Centrally applied histamine increases gastric acid secretion in rats. AB - Administration of 10-100 micrograms of histamine into the lateral cerebral ventricle of anaesthetized rats stimulated gastric acid secretion in a dose dependent manner, while subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of the same doses produced clearly less pronounced increases in the acid output. In vagotomized rats only a marginal response to histamine given into the lateral ventricle was observed. When injected into the third cerebral ventricle the doses of histamine needed for the stimulation of gastric acid secretion were 1-10 micrograms, the effect being totally abolished by vagotomy. The results indicate that histamine is capable of stimulating gastric acid secretion by a central, vagal-dependent mechanism. PMID- 3237253 TI - Complex dose-response curves of atropine in man explained by different functions of M1- and M2-cholinoceptors. AB - In the present study we set out to explain the complex atropine dose-response curves in man in relation to M-cholinoceptor subtype occupancy. In healthy volunteers the effects of atropine on heart rate and salivary flow were quantified. M-cholinoceptor subtype occupancy by antagonist present in plasma samples was detected in an in vitro radioreceptor assay. Atropine effects were studied without and after propranolol (240 mg oral dose) and without and after pirenzepine (1.1 mg i.v.) to differentiate beta-adrenoceptor and M-cholinoceptor subtype mediated effects. 1. In receptor binding studies, M-cholinoceptors in bovine cerebral cortex membranes were labelled with 3H-pirenzepine (pKd = 8.05), M-cholinoceptors in rat salivary gland membranes with 3H-N-methylscopolamine (pKd = 9.02). Atropine competed for binding of these ligands with a small (2.1-fold) preferential selectivity via the cerebral in comparison to the glandular receptors (pKi = 9.18 versus 8.86). Pirenzepine showed a marked selectivity (40 fold) in this respect with pKi-values of 8.05 (M1: cerebral cortex) and 6.45 (M2: salivary glands). 2. At heart rate and at salivary flow, bivalent dose-response curves of atropine were observed with opposite effect vectors. The typical antagonist effects at M-cholinoceptors (i.e. an increase of heart rate and an inhibition of salivary flow) were observed at doses greater than 1 microgram/kg, whereas "paradoxical" cholinomimetic effects of atropine became apparent at lower doses. From a superposition of two isotherms with opposite effect vectors ED50 values were calculated, which were in the range of half-maximal M-cholinoceptor occupancy in the in vitro radioreceptor assay of plasma samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237255 TI - Gene maps and ethical issues. PMID- 3237256 TI - Care decisions for no-code patients. PMID- 3237257 TI - Nursing and the 100th Congress--Part I. PMID- 3237258 TI - I want to be a nurse (c. 1965) PMID- 3237259 TI - How deans of baccalaureate schools of nursing approach issues. PMID- 3237260 TI - Advocacy can save you from litigation. PMID- 3237262 TI - A look at NAACOG. PMID- 3237261 TI - Improving patient care through a collaborative discharge planning instrument. PMID- 3237263 TI - Education and service collaborate: first steps to clinical nursing research. PMID- 3237264 TI - Taking risks. PMID- 3237265 TI - Clinical leadership. Interview by Doreen Harper. PMID- 3237266 TI - [Cortisone-induced psychoses]. AB - The records of 15 patients with cortisone psychoses were studied retrospectively. We observed two types of these substance-induced mental disorders: 1. rapidly reversible organic psychoses with peracute onset and 2. cortisone-induced schizophrenic psychoses with prolonged remission and typical follow-up. Depressive moods, dysthymia, anxiety, psychomotor agitation or euphoric symptoms are features occurring in initial states or mild forms of transit syndromes. More severe forms of cortisone induced transit syndromes are dominated by delusions and hallucinations, whereas most severe transit syndromes are characterized by reversible dementia. Females were affected more frequent than males. 40% of our patients developed steroid psychoses after treatment with a daily dose of 5-20 mg prednisolone or its equivalent. Neither dosage nor duration of treatment influenced severity, onset or duration of this mental disorders. Neuroleptic treatment and dose reduction led in 87% of patients to remission within four weeks. PMID- 3237267 TI - [Psychopathology of patients with delusions of ectoparasitic infestation]. AB - This paper presents a literature review as well as a study in 13 patients suffering from delusion of infestation. Symptoms found in MMPI are related to clinical experience. Our results suggest the distinction of three different groups of these patients: 1. Patients with predominantly hypochondric traits, with a distinct conviction to suffer from a severe, physical illness that is often looked at as incurable (hypochondriacal delusion of parasitosis). 2. Patients with paranoid symptoms and without hypochondric apprehensions. These patients usually hopelessly fight against their parasites, that impair their sphere of existence. Physical illness is denied. ("delusion of infestation"). 3. Patients with signs of both, hypochondrical as well as paranoid delusions ("hypochondriacal delusion of infestation"). PMID- 3237268 TI - ["Kleptomania" as a family game--on the legal responsibility in complex motivated stealing]. PMID- 3237269 TI - [Paranoid-hallucinatory psychosis as a manifestation of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3237270 TI - Effect of a low-protein diet on urinary albumin excretion in uremic patients. AB - Fifteen patients with advanced renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 25 ml/mn) and with severe albuminuria (greater than 1.5 g/24 h) were put on a low protein (0.3 g/kg body weight), low-phosphorus (5-7 mg/kg body weight) diet supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues. During the 6-month follow-up, urinary albumin excretion and fractional renal albumin clearance were reduced significantly while serum albumin concentration increased; no nutritional change occurred during the study. PMID- 3237271 TI - Effects of furosemide therapy on free-water excretion in uremic patients. AB - To assess the intrinsic effects of treatment with furosemide on free-water excretion in patients with chronic renal failure, two groups of patients with and without replacement of diuretic-induced salt losses have been studied. Furosemide therapy was administered for 1 week during constant sodium intake (100 mEq/day). In neither of the groups did furosemide cause hyponatremia, while it did decrease the urine to plasma osmolality ratio, an effect lasting even when the diuretic effect was exhausted. During water diuresis, furosemide decreased the fractional sodium reabsorption in diluting segments but not the absolute rate of the free water generation (CH2O). Presumably the expected decrease of CH2O was masked by the increased distal delivery of tubular fluid mainly due to an additional effect of the diuretic on the proximal tubule. The hypotonicity of urine after furosemide treatment may be secondary to the dissipation of medullary hypertonicity, caused by furosemide, in the condition of decreased water permeability of the collecting duct due to uremic disease. PMID- 3237272 TI - Mepacrine-labeled platelet dense-body number in patients with chronic uremia. AB - Dense bodies are platelet organelles that store adenosine diphosphate. We have estimated the number of platelet dense bodies in patients with chronic uremia treated conservatively, by peritoneal dialysis and by hemodialysis. All groups of patients and control subjects were found to have similar mean numbers of platelet dense granules. Analysis of platelet distribution according to number of dense bodies has shown that patients undergoing hemodialysis have a decreased percent of platelets with a greater number of granules. PMID- 3237273 TI - Sodium thiosulfate prevents cisplatin-induced hypomagnesemia. AB - Clearance studies were performed in four groups of male Wistar rats to assess the protective effect of sodium thiosulfate on cisplatin-induced hypomagnesemia. In group I, sodium thiosulfate (400 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks. In group II, only cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg) was administered. In group III, both cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg) and sodium thiosulfate (400 mg/kg) were injected via the intraperitoneal route. When both drugs were administered together, they were injected into different parts of the peritoneal cavity. In group IV cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally and sodium thiosulfate intravenously. Sodium thiosulfate prevented a rise in plasma creatinine. The overall glomerular filtration rates of groups III and IV were the same as in group I. Hypomagnesemia was noted in group II, whereas in groups I, III, and IV the plasma magnesium level remained unchanged. The fractional excretion of magnesium was also higher in group II than in groups I, III, and IV. These differences persisted for the duration of the study. These results suggest that concurrent injections of sodium thiosulfate intraperitoneally or intravenously prevented the hypomagnesemic and the nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin and can be of clinical significance. PMID- 3237274 TI - Increased procollagen III production in patients with kidney disease. AB - Measurements of elevated procollagen III peptide (PIIIP) levels are used to monitor fibrosing activity in hepatic and various other diseases. Elevated PIIIP levels have also been reported in renal failure patients without such diseases. Therefore, the serum levels and renal clearance of PIIIP were investigated in 17 healthy volunteers and 100 patients with different types of acute (n = 15) and chronic (n = 85) kidney disease. PIIIP was measured by conventional and Fab radioimmunoassays. Median PIIIP levels in serum (18, range 5-55 ng/ml) and urine (34, range 1-110 micrograms/day) were significantly higher in kidney patients than serum (9, range 6-14 ng/ml) and urine levels (17, range 6-24 micrograms/day) in normal volunteers (p = 0.01). No significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis H test) were found, however, within the different kidney disease groups (acute, chronic/glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis). Median renal clearance of PIIIP-related peptides in kidney patients (1.5, range 0.5-2.4 ml/min) did not differ significantly (Wilcoxon U test) from that in normal volunteers (1.3, range 0.4-2.2 ml/min). These findings indicate that PIIIP elimination does not depend on renal function. PIIIP-related peptides in serum and urine, however, increase with renal failure irrespective of the activity or type of renal disease. This can be explained most probably by enhanced turnover of collagen type III by the affected kidney itself. PMID- 3237275 TI - Alterations in the glomerulus in aminonucleoside nephrosis in analbuminemic rats. AB - Whether obliteration of glomerular epithelial foot processes and increases in urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity are the consequence or the cause of proteinuria after administrations of the aminonucleoside of puromycin was examined using Nagase analbuminemic rats. The administration of puromycin aminonucleoside to Nagase analbuminemic rats did not induce proteinuria. However, the increase in urinary NAG activity and the degree of abnormality of foot processes in the glomerular cells were similar to those in control Sprague-Dawley rats. These findings suggest that NAG excretion and the morphological alterations of epithelial cells in nephrosis are not the consequence of massive proteinuria. PMID- 3237276 TI - Vitamin-A-induced hypercalcemia: response to corticosteroids. AB - Hypercalcemia caused by vitamin A toxicity and its prompt response to prednisone is described. Diagnosis was difficult in this 16-year-old patient because she denied recent ingestion of vitamin A and was thought to be bulimic. Intravenous fluids and loop diuretics lowered the serum calcium and ameliorated the symptoms of nausea and vomiting temporarily. During the 10 days of this therapy the serum calcium never fell below 11.5 mg/dl. Oral prednisone was then started and produced a prompt and lasting reduction of the serum calcium to normal. Physicians should be aware of this complication in teenagers who use vitamin A for cosmetic purposes and in patients who habitually overuse vitamin preparations. PMID- 3237277 TI - Endotoxemia in hemolytic uremic syndrome. AB - Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) was diagnosed and confirmed by renal biopsy in an 18-year-old primigravida at the 13th week of pregnancy. Circulating endotoxin was detected and the endotoxemia was progressively reduced by hemodialysis (HD) performed daily from the 3rd to the 9th day of disease. Complete normalization of the renal function was observed on day 34. The authors emphasize the importance of detecting endotoxemia in HUS in order to initiate dialysis early; at the same time they also discuss the pathogenetic role of endotoxin in this disease. PMID- 3237278 TI - IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis with anterior uveitis. AB - Two patients with IgA nephropathy and a patient with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis each associated with anterior uveitis are described. As anterior uveitis accompanying IgA nephropathy improved, renal manifestations were relieved. The patient with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis suffered from not only anterior uveitis but also keratitis. It is suggested that immune mechanisms which induce IgA nephropathy may play a role in the development of anterior uveitis and keratitis. PMID- 3237279 TI - Treatment of massive hemorrhage after renal biopsy with percutaneous arterial obliteration. AB - Severe perirenal hemorrhage is a major, although rare, postbiopsy complication. We report a case of a 48-year-old man with a postbiopsy massive bleeding from a ramification of the renal artery supplying the lower pole of the left kidney. Treatment consisted of complete obliteration of the bleeding vessel by helding a percutaneous catether in wedge position during a renal arteriographyc study. Our case shows that percutaneous arterial obliteration is a successful procedure in treating postbiopsy renal hemorrhage, representing an effective alternative to surgical therapy. PMID- 3237280 TI - Septicemia due to Yersinia enterocolitica in a long-term hemodialysis patient after a single desferrioxamine administration. AB - A long-term hemodialysis male patient was known to have systemic iron overload due to regular blood transfusions. As he was suspected to have aluminum overload, he received a single intravenous administration of desferrioxamine (that supported the hypothesis). Four days later, he became highly febrile with no focus of infection on physical examination. All blood cultures yielded Yersinia enterocolitica. The aim of this case report is to recall the potential risk of Yersinia sepsis in iron overload patients treated with desferrioxamine, even for a short time. The diagnosis should be suspected even in the absence of digestive symptoms, leading to immediate desferrioxamine withdrawal and antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3237281 TI - Detection of glomerular bleeding by urinary-red-cell-size distribution. AB - Midstream urine specimens from 60 consecutive patients with hematuria were examined with an autoanalyzer to determine whether the source of bleeding could be predicted on the basis of the size distribution of urinary red blood cells. In 54 patients a definite diagnosis was made which correlated with the urinary-red cell-size distribution in 93.7% (15/16) of cases for whom hematuria was considered to be glomerular and in 100% (38/38) of cases of nonglomerular hematuria. It is concluded that this method can greatly help the clinician in distinguishing between glomerular and nonglomerular bleeding in patients with hematuria and channeling such patients towards the most appropriate investigations. PMID- 3237282 TI - Pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization in patients with active nephrotic syndrome. AB - We have studied the IgG and IgM antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharides types 3 and 19 in eleven patients with active nephrotic syndrome and fifteen normal adult controls. Immunization in both patients with nephrotic syndrome and normal subjects resulted in significant increases in serum IgM antibody to types 3 and 19 pneumococcal polysaccharides. While controls also had a significant rise in IgG antibody to both types 3 and 19, patients with nephrotic syndrome had an increase in IgG antibody only to type 3. Also, after immunization, geometric mean titers of IgG antibodies to both types 3 and 19 were lower in patients with active nephrotic syndrome than in normal subjects (p less than 0.001). In patients with nephrotic syndrome, a significant correlation was found between serum albumin level and type 3 (p less than 0.01) and type 19 (p less than 0.05) antipneumococcal IgG antibody concentration. Furthermore, antipneumococcal IgG antibody was found in the urine of nephrotic patients, while no IgM antibody was excreted in the urine of nephrotic and adult controls. Our data demonstrate that patients with active nephrotic syndrome are able to mount a normal IgM immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens. The low IgG antibody levels are likely due to increased urinary losses and/or to a partial inability of these patients to produce IgG antibodies. Moreover, since protection may depend on antipneumococcal IgG antibody, these data raise questions as to the benefits of pneumococcal vaccination in patients with active nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3237283 TI - What is HUS and what is TTP? PMID- 3237284 TI - Intestinal permeability in IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3237285 TI - Jugular vein cannulation for hemodialysis access. PMID- 3237286 TI - Acute water intoxication during whole gut irrigation. PMID- 3237287 TI - Gastric hypoacidity in distal renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 3237288 TI - Pharmacokinetics of sulindac in ESRD. PMID- 3237289 TI - Normalization of elevated prolactin levels in hemodialysis patients on erythropoietin. PMID- 3237290 TI - Long-term preservation of homologous saphenous veins for vascular access in hemodialysis by deep-freezing. PMID- 3237291 TI - [Spondylodiscitis following lumbar intervertebral disk surgery. Clinical aspects- diagnosis--therapy]. AB - From 1980 to 1986 6632 operations of the lumbar spine due to disc prolapse were carried out by the Department of Neurosurgery of the hospital of the Technical University of Munich. During this period we saw 14 cases of postoperative spondylodiscitis. Patients' main symptom was increasing low back pain. Physical examination showed difficulty in forward flexion of the body. The blood sedimentation rate was always examined: an average increase to 42/66 mm was recorded. X-ray examination of the lumbar spine and magnetic resonance imaging proved to be the most sensitive methods of investigation, better than scintigram and computed tomography. Our therapeutic management consists of fixation in normal position with a "Light Cast" corset and additional antibiotic therapy with cephadroxil. In comparison to other therapy methods, i.e. restcure, the advantage for our patients is that they can stay at home and move about. Therapy must be continued until the blood sedimentation rate is normal and radiological signs of consolidation can be seen for at least over 10 weeks. Good long-term results were seen in all patients. PMID- 3237292 TI - [The value of destructive surgery of the trigeminal nerve in atypical facial pain]. AB - Interruption of trigeminal pathways still is a common treatment in trigeminal neuralgia and has also been suggested for atypical facial pain. The published results in the latter group are rather poor since only 17 to 24% of these patients were free from pain after surgery. There is no information on the outcome of those patients classified as "poor results". We had the opportunity of seeing 48 patients who had been treated without success elsewhere. Pain occurred in most cases after ETN or dental operations. 36 patients underwent, despite poor results after a first neurosurgical intervention, further (up to five) operations. In 58% a postoperative deterioration occurred mainly consisting of anaesthesia dolorosa. Suicidal attempts were four times more frequent than in the group of those patients who had merely not benefited from surgery. In conclusion, the poor results of trigeminal surgery reported in literature and the considerably high risk of postoperative deterioration, as shown in our series, prompt us to warn against destructive trigeminal surgery in atypical facial pain. PMID- 3237293 TI - [Granular cell tumor of the orbit]. AB - The authors report on the rare case of the intraorbital localisation of a granular cell tumour. Nature, histogenesis and biological behaviour of this lesion are discussed. The therapeutical consequences are presented. PMID- 3237294 TI - [Increase in intracranial pressure in monitoring brain stem auditory evoked potentials using headphones]. AB - Ten measurements of intracranial pressure (ICP) (ventricular n = 5, epidural n = 3) in 8 patients (3 after aneurysm surgery, 5 with head trauma) were performed before and after application of conventional headphones for stimulating brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP). The effects of miniature earphones and sound tubes on ICP were also studied. In 7 of 10 measurements after application of headphones a reversible increase of ICP (mean 26 +/- 19% in patients with ICP greater than 10 mmHg was recorded; in 3 patients (ICP less than or equal to 10 mgHg) no changes of ICP were seen. Using miniature earphones and sound tubes no increase of ICP was noted in any patient, and hence these can be recommended for stimulating BAEP in case of increased ICP. PMID- 3237295 TI - CSF fistula and tension pneumatocele 22 years after head injury. AB - An unusual case of CSF fistula and tension pneumatocele developing in a patient 22 years after a severe craniocerebral injury is reported. The patient had been asymptomatic during this long interval, but immediately after a minor head trauma massive rhinorrhea and diffuse pneumocephalus occurred. This was followed by the development of bifrontal tension pneumatocele with intracranial hypertension and neurological deterioration. The patient recovered after closure of the CSF fistula. The pathophysiological mechanism of this rare condition and the pertinent treatment are discussed. PMID- 3237296 TI - [Plagiocephaly. Craniofacial asymmetry with variable curling-up]. AB - The plagiocephaly syndrome is an asymmetrical cranial deformity due to premature synostosis of a coronal hemi-suture. The predominant alteration is at the spheno frontal suture. The classification is attempted between the isolated plagiocephaly (P) an plagiocephaly with hypertelorism, on one side, that are to be distinguished from complex asymmetrical cranio-facial deformities. The frontal P. are differentiated from occipital P (pachycephaly) and from mixed hemi-cranial P. The deformity affects the fronto-orbital region situated anterior to the synostosis. The coronal suture incurves around a pivot formed by the lateral orbital pillar and the pterion, giving rise to a set of facial and cranial deformities, variable according to the precocity and the topography of the synostosis. Investigating the syndrome is clinical and radiological. The deformity reveals itself in 88% of cases, the affects are mainly orbital and ophthalmologic. The authors insist on the necessity of a bilateral orbito-fronto nasal osteotomy, as a therapeutic act that gives better harmony on short and long term; on the other hand, they draw the attention to the importance of abolishing the synostocic lock by the resection of the lesser wing of the sphenoid extended till the superior orbital fissure and the resection of the outher periosteal layer of the dura matter which allows a remodeling effect the growing brain. The results and complications are evaluated on 44 operated children. PMID- 3237297 TI - [A maintenance and sealing plug for intraventricular catheters]. PMID- 3237298 TI - [Interstitial nephropathies in sarcoidosis. Effect of corticosteroid therapy and long-term evolution. Retrospective study of 22 cases]. AB - Interstitial Nephritis (IN) with or without epithelioid granulomas is the most frequent form of renal impairment in sarcoidosis. Nevertheless, few studies have provided conclusions about its treatment and long-term outcome. We report 22 cases collected over a 20-year period in 9 nephrologic departments of the west of France. We discuss the criteria which permit sarcoidosis to be distinguished from other causes, particularly of IN drugs. Twenty patients were treated with corticoids. In 18 the result could be evaluated on at least 12 months. In 11 there was a decrease of plasma creatinine (Pc) and in 8 of these cases this decrease reached 50%. Of the 12 who were followed from 1 to 17 years, 4 obtained a reduction of Pc of at least 50%. These improvements occurred even in patients whose Pc was initially higher than 300 mumol/l. Only 2 patients reached end-stage renal failure and hemodialysis within the observation period, one as early as the first month, the other after 6 years. Five relapses were observed after stopping treatment but 4 responded again favorably upon resumption. Two patients who received no treatment at all nevertheless had stabilization or improvement of their renal function with a follow-up of 5 years for one case. It may be concluded that the long-term prognosis of sarcoidosis IN can be fairly good but there is no proof that it depends mainly on corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 3237299 TI - [Familial distal tubular acidosis]. AB - This study concerned a Tunisian family of 52 members. We have looked for distal tubular acidosis (D.T.A.) after we had discovered that 2 members of this family suffered from nephrocalcinosis with D.T.A. Twenty six of our patients (group I) suffered from D.T.A., 17 from confirmed metabolic acidosis with low urinary pH (5.22 +/- 0.25). Patients of latest groups may present a D.T.A. with intact capacity to lower urinary pH. Our literature review revealed 27 families composed of 228 patients. PMID- 3237300 TI - [Lipoidosis of the glomerular mesangium with accumulation of cholesterol. A novel hereditary disease]. AB - A new hereditary disease, transmitted autosomal-dominant, which affects the kidneys has been observed in four members of the same family, three males and a woman. No specific clinical manifestations of the disease have been established. A slight proteinuria was first revealed at the age of 17 years. After about twenty years of moderate proteinuria and microscopic hematuria terminal renal failure and severe arterial hypertension occur. Specific for the disease is the storage of lipids, mainly cholesterol and phospholipids in the glomerular mesangium. No lipid storage in other renal structures or other organs could be established. As no changes of cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum have been recorded a general disturbance in their turnover may be excluded. The storage of cholesterol in the mesangial matrix in form of crystals in vitro is specific for the reported hereditary disease and distinguishes it from other diseases in which a glomerular storage of cholesterol is well known. PMID- 3237302 TI - [Extramembranous glomerulonephritis (EMGN) during treatment with diclofenac]. PMID- 3237301 TI - [Reversible acute renal failure with tubular oxalosis. Possible role of nutritional factors]. AB - Intratubular deposits of calcium oxalate crystals can be responsible for acute renal failure. The present report concerns two cases for which none of the known causes of oxalate nephropathy were found. Both patients had common features: chronic alcoholism and denutrition. Except for early lumbar and abdominal pain, the renal failure picture was without any peculiarity. Renal biopsy showed tubular epithelium alterations with marked luminal deposition of birefringent crystals consistent with calcium oxalate. In one patient serum oxalate level was high, and in the other urinary oxalate excretion rose above normal when diuresis resumed. Renal function recovered spontaneously (follow-up of four years for one patient). Neither intoxication nor intestinal disease could be detected. Given the key role of pyridoxine in oxalate metabolism, we suggest that vitamin B6 deficiency secondary to alcoholism and denutrition could cause a rise in oxalemia leading to oxalate nephropathy. Experiments in animals support this hypothesis. PMID- 3237303 TI - Ouabain induces acetylcholine release from pure cholinergic synaptosomes independently of extracellular calcium concentration. AB - We have studied the correlation between [3H]ouabain binding sites, (Na+ + K+)ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) release in different subcellular fractions of Torpedo marmorata electric organ (homogenate, synaptosomes, presynaptic plasma membranes). Presynaptic plasma membranes contained the greater number of [3H]ouabain binding sites, in good agreement with the high (Na+ + K+)ATPase activity found in this fraction. Blockade of this enzymatic activity by ouabain dose-dependently induced ACh release from pure cholinergic synaptosomes, either in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium ions. We suggest that one of the mechanisms involved in the ouabain induced ACh release in the absence of Ca2+o may be an increase in Na+i that could (a) evoke Ca2+ release from internal stores and (b) inhibit ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by synaptic vesicles. PMID- 3237304 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is inhibited in calcium-loaded cerebrocortical mitochondria. AB - An impairment of mitochondrial functions as a result of Ca-loading may be one of the significant events that lead to neuronal death after an ischemic insult. To assess the metabolic consequences of excess Ca on brain mitochondria, pyruvate oxidation was studied in isolated cerebrocortical mitochondria loaded with Ca in vitro. The flux of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) [( 1-14C]pyruvate decarboxylation) was inhibited as the mitochondria accumulated excess Ca under the conditions tested: the inhibition in state 3 (i.e., in the presence of added ADP) was greater than in state 4 (i.e., in the absence of added adenine nucleotides). In state 4, the inhibition of the PDHC flux was accompanied by a similar reduction of the in situ activity of PDHC, indicating a change in PDHC phosphorylation. In state 3, the inhibition of the PDHC flux was greater than the corresponding decrease of the in situ PDHC activity. Thus, mechanisms other than the phosphorylation of PDHC might also contribute to the inhibition of pyruvate oxidation. Measurement of PDHC enzymatic activity in vitro indicated that PDHC, similar to alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, was inhibited by millimolar levels of Ca. This observation suggests that PDHC may also be inhibited non covalently in Ca-loaded mitochondria in a manner similar to that of alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. PMID- 3237305 TI - Effects of oxotremorine and RMI 12330 A on [3H]acetylcholine release and adenylate cyclase activity in guinea pig superior cervical ganglion. AB - There is considerable evidence that adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is involved in the modulation of synaptic transmission in the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Presynaptic muscarinic receptors are known to attenuate, when activated, acetylcholine (ACh) release in the periphery as well as in the brain. Thus, the possible relationship between ganglionic adenylate cyclase activity and the output of ACh from electrically stimulated ganglia, preloaded with [3H]choline, was investigated. The muscarinic agonist oxotremorine significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner the electrically evoked neurotransmitter release. The adenylate cyclase inhibitor N-(cis-2 phenylcyclopentyl)azacyclotridecan-2-imine hydrochloride (RMI 12330 A) also decreased ACh output. The inhibitory effects of these two drugs were additive. In crude ganglion membrane fractions oxotremorine significantly inhibited adenylate cyclase activity. The results indicate that drugs capable of inhibiting adenylate cyclase, significantly decrease ACh output from preganglionic nerve terminals in guinea pig SCG. PMID- 3237306 TI - Transport and metabolism of glucose by dissociated brain cells: effects of trypsin. AB - A study was carried out to determine the effect of trypsin on glucose transport into brain cells. Two suspensions of dissociated cells were prepared from the two brain hemispheres of adult rats--one using only mechanical means to dissociate the cells and one using trypsin. The use of trypsin for preparation of dissociated brain cells caused a marked reduction in the rate of transport of [1,2-3H]-2-deoxy-D-glucose compared to uptakes of this glucose analog by cells prepared without trypsin. Responses of the two cell preparations to inhibitors of glucose transport (cytochalasin B and phloretin) were similar. Rates of oxidation of [6-14C]glucose to 14CO2 by trypsin-treated cells were nearly double those in cells prepared without trypsin. Electron microscopic examination of the two preparations revealed much less preservation of structural integrity if trypsin was used to prepare the cells. The findings suggest that trypsin alters cell structure and affects receptor-regulated events in brain cells. PMID- 3237307 TI - Temporal relationship between nerve-stump-length-dependent changes in the autophosphorylation of a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and the acetylcholine receptor content in skeletal muscle. AB - The acetylcholine receptor (AChR) content and the autophosphorylation of the regulatory subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase type II (R-II) were evaluated in rats soleus muscles at 24, 30 and 66 hr after surgical denervation by cutting the nerve at a short distance (short-nerve-stump) and at a long distance (long-nerve-stump) from the muscle. AChR content was based on the specific binding of [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin (BUTX); changes in the autophosphorylation of R-II were based upon the predominant in vitro 32P phosphorylation of a 56-Kd soluble protein in cytosolic fractions of solei. The AChR content and the 32P-autophosphorylation of R-II were increased in samples from short-nerve-stump solei, but not from long-nerve-stump solei, after a denervation-time of 30 hr. This nerve-stump-length dependency indicates that the two denervation effects are not related to the immediate halt of impulse-evoked muscle contractility. Furthermore, the results show that alterations in the 32P autophosphorylation of R-II occurred before, as well as whenever, increases in the AChR content were found. Speculatively, this temporal relationship may be significant with respect to the potential role of R-II in gene expression. PMID- 3237308 TI - Effects of muscimol and baclofen on levels of monoamines and their metabolites in the El mouse brain. AB - We compared the changes in monoamines and their metabolites in the El mouse brain induced by GABA-A and GABA-B receptor agonists. Muscimol was used as a GABA-A receptor agonist, and baclofen as a GABA-B receptor agonist. Muscimol (3 mg/kg) significantly increased the DOPAC level in all parts of the mouse brain and the HVA level in the cortex, striatum, and midbrain. No significant change was observed in the dopamine (DA) level. These findings suggest that muscimol may accelerate both the synthesis and catabolism of DA. Baclofen (20 mg/kg) increased the DA level in the hippocampus and midbrain, and the DOPAC level in the hippocampus. Muscimol increased 5-HIAA levels and decreased 5-HT levels. This result suggests that 5-HT metabolism is accelerated by muscimol. No change in 5 HT or 5-HIAA levels was induced by baclofen. The GABA-A receptor system seems to have a potent effect not only on DA neurons, but on 5-HT neurons. However, the GABA-B receptor system appears to have almost no effect on 5-HT neurons, though it appears to have some effect on DA neurons. PMID- 3237309 TI - Levels and sub-cellular distribution of physiologically important metal ions in neuronal cells cultured from chick embryo cerebral cortex. AB - Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu content of neurons from chick embryo cortex cultivated in chemically defined serum free growth medium was determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The intracellular volume of cultured neurons was determined to be 2.73 microliters/mg. Intracellular Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ in the cultivated neurons were 100-200 times the concentrations in the growth medium: Mg2+ and Ca2+ were 0.9 and 1.7 mM respectively, around 20 fold higher than in growth medium. Mg2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ concentrations in neurons were in the range of ca. 300 600 microM, approximately 2-3 times the values previously reported in glial cells; Ca2+ and Mn2+ content of the neurons were higher by 5 and 10 fold respectively compared to glial cells. In neurons, the subcellular distribution of Fe2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+ follows the rank order: cytosol greater than microsomes greater than mitochondria; for Zn2+ the distribution differs as following: cytosol greater than mitochondria greater than microsomes. Determination of the superoxide dismutase activities in the cultivated neurons indicated that the Mn2+ linked activity predominates whereas, the Cu-Zn dependent enzyme is dominant in glial cells. Enrichment of the culture medium with Mn2+ to 2.5 microM enhanced the Mn-SOD by approximately 33% but the Cu2+-Zn2+ enzyme activity was not modified. The high Mn2+ content, the capacity to accumulate Mn2+, and the predominancy of the Mn-SOD form observed in neurons is in accord with a fundamental functional role for this metal ion in this type of brain cells. PMID- 3237311 TI - Choline acetyltransferase-like activity bound to neuronal plasma membranes. AB - A form of CAT-like activity was found bound present in rat brain synaptosomal membranes which could be recovered in the Triton X-114 phase. The enzyme activity was slightly activated by NaCl, had a pH maximum around 8 and showed a temperature dependence with a Q10 of 2.28. It was inhibited 100% by 10(-6) M naphthyl vinyl pyridinium but not by 10(-5) M diisopropyl phosphofluoridate. The kinetics of this bound form of CAT were similar to the soluble form of the enzyme. The Km was 405 +/- 58 microM for choline and 62 +/- 8 microM for AcCoA. Five isoelectric forms were found with pH's of 4.55, 6.05, 7.05, 7.36, and 8.00 which is in contrast to the three isoelectric forms found of the soluble enzyme in rat brain. The presence of a CAT-like activity in the plasma membrane was confirmed with experiments performed using intact synaptosomes and intact cells in culture. Acetylcholine, synthesized from radioactive AcCoA by intact rat brain synaptosomes, was recovered in the incubation medium and only in the presence of exogenous choline or when the production of choline was stimulated by oleate via the activation of phospholipase D. This was also seen in experiments with intact pheochromocytoma cell cultures (PC 12) which synthesize acetylcholine that was recovered in the incubation medium. Acetylcholine formation in the presence of choline and AcCoA was stimulated in cells that had been grown in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237310 TI - Effects of aging on the interaction of quinuclidinyl benzilate, N methylscopolamine, pirenzepine, and gallamine with brain muscarinic receptors. AB - The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of senescence on the binding characteristics of muscarinic receptors by using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) and [3H]N-methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS) as ligands in young (3 months), middle-age (10 months) and old (24 months) male Fischer 344 rats. Muscarinic receptor density was found to decrease significantly with aging in certain brain regions, depending on the ligand employed. Moreover, the relative proportions of M1 and M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes was not significantly altered by aging, except in the aged striatum. Furthermore, the dissociation kinetics of [3H]NMS in the cerebral cortex and their allosteric modulation by gallamine were only slightly influenced by age. PMID- 3237312 TI - Long-lasting changes in regional brain amino acids and monoamines in recovered pyrithiamine treated rats. AB - Rats were subjected to a severe bout of thiamine deficiency induced by daily pyrithiamine + a thiamine deficient diet, reversed by thiamine administration and allowed to recover. Pyrithiamine treated animals demonstrated impaired retention of a 24 h recall of passive avoidance. Regional brain concentration of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid, GABA, glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, and glycine were determined after 2 and 9 weeks of nutritional recovery. A significant increase in NE content of cerebellum from the pyrithiamine treated animals was observed at both 2 and 9 week recovery periods. The concentrations of serotonin and its metabolite were significantly elevated in midbrain-thalamus and striatum. Significant reductions of GABA and glutamate were also observed in midbrain thalamus. Amino acid levels in all other brain areas were unchanged from pair-fed controls. These results suggest regionally specific, chronic alterations in GABA, glutamate, serotonin, and norepinephrine activity following recovery from an acute bout of pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency. The absence of a permanent reduction of cortical norepinephrine similar to that observed in an earlier study is discussed. PMID- 3237313 TI - The opioid antagonist, MR2266, specifically decreases saline intake in the mouse. AB - The effects of the opioid antagonist, Mr2266 [(-)-(1R,5R,9R)-5,9-diethyl-2-(3 furyl-methyl)-2'-hydroxy-6,7-benzomo rph an] on the intake of water and saline (0.9%) were investigated in the mouse, deprived of water for 24 hr. In an attempt to evaluate motor functions, the behavior after treatment with Mr2266 was also examined by using multi-dimensional behavioral analyses. Although smaller doses (1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) of Mr2266 failed to affect significantly the intake of water, a larger dose (30.0 mg/kg) elicited a significant attenuation in the intake of water. During a 30 min observation, Mr2266 (30.0 mg/kg) depressed markedly linear locomotion, while other behavioral responses, such as rearing and grooming, remained unchanged. In contrast, 1.0-30.0 mg/kg doses of the drug produced a significant reduction in the intake of saline. The drug Mr2266 had no significant effects on the latency to start drinking at any doses tested. These results suggest that Mr2266 specifically blocks the intake of saline of the mouse through the mediation of opioid systems. PMID- 3237314 TI - Temperature-dependence of reflex transmission in the neonatal rat spinal cord, in vitro: influence on strychnine- and bicuculline-sensitive inhibition. AB - The amplitude, latency and rise time of the monosynaptic reflex, recorded from the spinal cord of the neonatal rat in vitro, was temperature-dependent with optimal conditions occurring at 25 degrees C. The reflex was inhibited when conditioning stimuli were applied to an adjacent dorsal root at 1-150 msec before the monosynaptic reflex was evoked; the inhibition had both an early and a late phase. The early phase of inhibition occurred at conditioning-test intervals of 1 20 msec with peak inhibition occurring at 7 msec. Raising the temperature of the bath to 31 degrees C or exposing the cord to strychnine blocked the early phase of inhibition. The late phase of inhibition occurred at conditioning-test intervals greater than 20 msec, was unaffected by temperature and was blocked by bicuculline. The early phase of inhibition therefore appears to be postsynaptic in origin and mediated by glycine while the late component of inhibition may be presynaptic in origin and mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). PMID- 3237315 TI - The role of M2 muscarinic receptors in the posterior hypothalamus in the pressor response to intracerebroventricularly-injected neostigmine. AB - Injection of neostigmine into the lateral cerebral ventricle of urethane anesthetized rats increases arterial blood pressure. Prior injection of atropine or the muscarinic M2 antagonist 4-DAMP into the posterior hypothalamic nuclei inhibited the pressor response to neostigmine by up to approximately 56%. The same maximum degree of inhibition was elicited by bilateral electrical lesions of the posterior hypothalamic nuclei. The response was not modified by intrahypothalamic injection of pirenzepine or intraventricular injection of hexamethonium, but was prevented by intraventricular injection of 4-DAMP. The results indicate that about half of the pressor response to intraventricular injection of neostigmine was mediated through M2 muscarinic receptors in the posterior hypothalamic nuclei, and the remainder through M2 muscarinic receptors in other regions of the brain. PMID- 3237316 TI - Regional distribution of ubiquinones and tocopherols in the mouse brain: lowest content of ubiquinols in the substantia nigra. AB - C57 black mice of 3 months of age were sacrificed, and their brain regionally dissected according to a protocol that strickly control for the death-freezing interval of each region. HPLC measurements of tocopherols and oxidized and reduced ubiquinones demonstrated significant regional variations. The substantia nigra had the lowest content of Q10 and a skewed ratio in favor of its oxidized form. Forebrain cholinergic nuclei had also more oxydized than reduced Q10 and in addition the lowest content of tocopherols. These findings suggest that nuclei that show neuronal depletion with age are the ones prone to oxidative stress. PMID- 3237317 TI - The serotonin agonist, M-chlorophenylpiperazine, markedly increases levels of plasma catecholamines in the conscious rat. AB - Intravenous administration of the serotonin agonist, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m CPP), produced large, dose-dependent increases in epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine in plasma in normal, conscious rats. Elevations in the levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine (10-fold, 5-fold and 2-fold, respectively) were markedly reduced in pithed and splanchnic denervated rats, suggesting that CNS mechanisms are primarily responsible for the effect of m-CPP on catecholamines in plasma. The serotonin antagonist, metergoline (0.5 mg/kg), decreased the responses of epinephrine and dopamine to m-CPP by 60-80% and also tended to decrease the response of norepinephrine. These findings are consistent with other studies reporting that stimulation of serotonergic receptors increases centrally-mediated sympathetic outflow and leads to increases in the concentrations of norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine in plasma. PMID- 3237318 TI - Possible involvement of presynaptic 5-HT autoreceptors in effect of lithium on 5 HT release in hippocampus of rat. AB - The effects of subacute treatment with lithium on the stimulation-induced release of serotonin (5-HT) and the function of 5-HT autoreceptors in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the rat were studied. In the rats treated with lithium for 3 days, the high K+-evoked release of endogenous 5-HT from the slices of hippocampus, but not the slices of frontal cortex, was significantly increased. High K+-induced release of [3H]5-HT from the slices of hippocampus of control rats preloaded with [3H]5-HT was decreased when the slices were exposed to 5-HT, while it was increased when they were exposed to methiothepin. In the slices of hippocampus from the lithium-treated rats, this inhibitory effect of 5-HT on the release of [3H]5-HT, evoked by either high K+ or electrical stimulation was significantly attenuated. On the other hand, it was not modified in the slices of frontal cortex. The results suggest that lithium may inhibit the function of 5-HT autoreceptors to regulate the release of 5-HT. This action may, in part, trigger the development of the down-regulation of 5-HT1 receptors occurring in the hippocampus but not in the frontal cortex after chronic treatment with lithium. PMID- 3237319 TI - A study on the release mechanism of vasopressin and oxytocin. AB - The changes in plasma levels of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) of rabbits by intraventricular administration of various drugs and their effects on the release of both hormones from the isolated posterior pituitary of rats were examined. An intraventricular injection of hypertonic saline, carbachol, angiotensin II, prostaglandin E2 or histamine to a rabbit increased the concentrations of plasma AVP and OXT, whereas serotonin decreased their plasma levels. Noradrenaline increased the concentration of OXT, but not that of AVP. Dopamine did not significantly affect the plasma level of either hormone. The release of AVP and OXT from the posterior pituitary fragments of rats was stimulated by changing the osmolality of the perfusion medium in vitro. Perfusion with medium containing dopamine suppressed the release of both hormones. However, the other bioactive amines and the drugs mentioned above did not affect the release of AVP and OXT. PMID- 3237321 TI - Enkephalins in the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the cat and in the area of the lower digestive tract innervated by this ganglion: quantification by radio immunoassay and characterization by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu were quantified and characterized in the cat inferior mesenteric ganglion and in the area of the lower digestive tract innervated by this ganglion, including the proximal colon, distal colon and internal anal sphincter. In the structures studied, the concentrations of enkephalins expressed as femtomole/mg of wet tissue ranged from 66 to 160 with Met-enkephalin, from 15 to 45 with Leu-enkephalin and from 2 to 12 for Met-enkephalin-arg-gly-leu. In the lower digestive tract, the Met- and Leu enkephalin content decreased from the proximal colon to the internal anal sphincter. The Met-enkephalin versus Leu-enkephalin ratio of the structures investigated were as follows: inferior mesenteric ganglion 3.2, proximal colon 4.4, distal colon 5, internal and sphincter 4.5. In individual samples of all the structures assayed the results of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis pointed to the presence of authentic Met- and Leu-enkephalin. HPLC analysis could not be carried out on Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu due to the very low concentrations of this peptide in all the structures assayed. Our results, combined with those of previous immunohistochemical and physiological studies, support the idea that enkephalins are involved in the nervous control of the motility of the lower digestive tract. PMID- 3237320 TI - Effect of chronic morphine administration on measured levels and chromatographic characterization of six neuropeptides in guinea-pig ileum. AB - Guinea-pigs were chronically treated with morphine by subcutaneous implantation of a compounded morphine pellet. After 7 days, the animals were sacrificed, and the small intestine was removed and extracted for the assay of 6 neuropeptides (substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, galanin, dynorphin A (1-8), dynorphin A (1-17) and alpha-neo-endorphin). The neuropeptide content of the extracts was measured by radioimmunoassay, and the extracts were subjected to analysis by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The measured level of each neuropeptide was not significantly different from that in a control group of animals, and the chromatographic elution pattern obtained for each peptide was also similar in control and morphine-treated animals. Furthermore, the major peak of immunoreactivity for each peptide occurred with approximately the same retention time as synthetic standards having the porcine sequence for that peptide. It is concluded that chronic morphine treatment does not alter the tissue concentration or molecular form of at least 5 of the 6 neuropeptides studied. In the case of a alpha-neo-endorphin, a peak of immunoreactivity was discovered that did not correspond to the synthetic peptide. The amount of immunoreactive material present in this peak varied with oxidation and so its contribution to the assay results could not be calculated. PMID- 3237322 TI - Effect of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin on acetylcholine-stimulation of corticosteroid and catecholamine secretion from the rat adrenal gland perfused in situ. AB - The effects of acetylcholine, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) on both catecholamine and steroid secretion have been investigated using the isolated rat adrenal gland perfused in situ. Significant stimulation of steroid (aldosterone and corticosterone) secretion occurred with 1 mumol/l acetylcholine; the ED50 was approximately 20-fold higher (circa 20 mumol/l) than that for catecholamine secretion. The highest concentration of acetylcholine used (100 mumol/l) stimulated aldosterone secretion eight-fold; corticosterone secretion four-fold; noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion three-fold. AVP at 100 nmol/l but not at 1 nmol/l significantly stimulated the secretion of both steroids and catecholamines. OXT had no significant effect on corticosteroid or catecholamine secretion at either concentration. The effects on aldosterone secretion of simultaneous administration of acetylcholine and AVP were additive. No similar effect was seen on corticosterone or catecholamine secretion where the degree of stimulation was the same as for acetylcholine alone. OXT (100 nmol/l) inhibited acetylcholine-stimulated aldosterone secretion but had no effect on acetylcholine stimulated catecholamine secretion. Carbachol was equipotent with acetylcholine in stimulating steroid secretion from the perfused gland. Our results support the hypothesis that acetylcholine may play a role in the control of steroid secretion by the rat adrenal cortex. They fail to support a role for AVP and OXT in modulating catecholamine secretion by the adrenal medulla except at high concentrations. PMID- 3237323 TI - Holographic homologies of biological motivation in the systemic organization of behavioral acts. PMID- 3237324 TI - Formation of the behavioral act: problem of intrasystemic heterochronia. PMID- 3237325 TI - Temporal structure of conjugated discharges of neocortical neuronal pairs in rabbits during calm alertness. PMID- 3237326 TI - Differences in responses of identified neurons to chemostimuli in satiated and hungry grape snails. PMID- 3237327 TI - Mathematical modeling of the reactivity of analyzer systems during the course of adaptation. PMID- 3237328 TI - Physiology of animal behavior: dynamics of chimpanzee heart rhythm during perception of an emotionally charged human voice. PMID- 3237329 TI - Thermovision control of neurotransplant in rats. PMID- 3237330 TI - Organization of early forms of kitten behavior after partial oral deprivation. PMID- 3237331 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry of food-getting behavior of mice in a multiple-choice symmetrical maze. PMID- 3237332 TI - Firing pattern of amygdaloid neurons of unrestrained rats during predatory aggression and food-getting behavior. PMID- 3237333 TI - [Surgical treatment of cystico-inflammatory diseases of Bartholin's gland]. PMID- 3237334 TI - [Surgical therapy of prolapse of the vaginal vault. Abdominal sacropexy with Gore tex mesh]. PMID- 3237335 TI - [Psychosomatic follow-up of 70 women giving birth for the first time]. PMID- 3237336 TI - [Obstetric future of women having undergone cesarean section]. PMID- 3237337 TI - [Familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 13 associated with repeated early spontaneous abortions]. PMID- 3237338 TI - Lipid composition of myelin and protein--lipid complex in a neurological rabbit mutant. AB - The neurological mutant of the paralytic tremor "pt" rabbit is characterized by a reduced amount of myelin to 25-30% of control with no change in specific activity for 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. The ratio of total lipids to protein was higher in "pt" rabbit myelin than in control by about 20%. Analysis of the lipid composition of "pt" rabbit myelin indicated a significantly lower level of galactolipids (by about 30%) and a higher level of gangliosides compared to control. The percentage composition of phospholipids in "pt" myelin was characterized by a lower proportion of acidic phospholipids (polyphosphoinositides, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine). The protein-lipid complex in "pt" rabbit myelin was decreased by about 10-15% compared to control. The ratio by weight of protein to lipid in myelin was 0.24 and 0.20 in control and "pt" rabbit, respectively, but in protein-lipid complex isolated from myelin it was 1.73 in control and 0.72 in "pt" rabbit. Protein-lipid complex isolated from myelin of "pt" rabbit brain contained about 34% less protein and about 16% less acidic phospholipids but neutral phospholipids were increased by 24%. The lipid abnormalities in "pt" rabbit myelin and in the composition of protein-lipid complex may be responsible for the disturbances of myelin formation and compaction in "pt" rabbit. PMID- 3237339 TI - Myelin lipids in aging human brain. AB - The studies were performed on autopsy material of 18 patients who died between the ages of 70-89 y, and of 5 patients who died between 23-44 ys of age. White matter of the frontal lobe and of oerebellum was submitted for histological and biochemical analysis. The neuropathological data provided a rationale for dividing the material into two subgroups: one including patients mainly with vascular changes in the brain, and the other consisting of patients with senile atrophy of the Alzheimer type. Chemical alterations noted both in frontal lobe and in cerebellum were an increase in lysophosphatidylcholine content and a marked decrease in myelin yield. Additionally, in cerebellum a decrease in sulphatide content was observed. The chemical results were almost identical in the two subgroups of patients, although they differ in neuropathological patterns of lesions. It is emphasized that the general decrease in myelin yield as well as some minor changes in myelin lipid pattern seem to be a sign of aging and are not connected with atrophy of the Alzheimer type. PMID- 3237340 TI - Early metabolic responses of retinal neurons to trimethyltin intoxication. AB - Chronic systemic exposure of rats to the neuronotoxic compound trimethyltin (TMT) results in increased incorporation of radioactive precursors into retinal proteins and glycoproteins. Because this increased metabolic activity is accompanied by minimal subcellular pathological alterations and almost no neuronal necrosis, we suggested that it may represent an early, reactive (compensatory) response (Brain Res. 398, 298-304; 1986). We have now investigated the development of this metabolic response to TMT in more detail. Beginning at 30 d of age, rats received weekly doses of TMT (4 mg/kg body wt) by gavage for up to 7 wk; rates of incorporation of [35S]methionine and [3H]fucose into retinal proteins and glycoproteins, respectively, were then determined using in vitro retinal incubations. The apparent rates of protein synthesis and glycoprotein glycosylation in retinas from TMT-treated animals were normal or slightly decreased after 1-3 wkly doses, but were increased after 4 doses and more markedly increased after 7 doses. Glycoprotein glycosylation was increased to a greater degree (192% of control after 7 wk of dosing) than was protein synthesis (134% of control). The increased incorporation in retinas from TMT-treated animals persisted when retinas were incubated with "flooding" concentrations of precursor (1 mM), suggesting that these increases were not owing to alterations in the size of retinal precursor pools. The preferential increase in glycoprotein glycosylation was partially owing to a selective increase in glycosylation of two molecular species with apparent mol wt of 32 and 45 KDa. Quantitative autoradiographic analysis of newly synthesized proteins and glycoproteins indicated that the TMT-induced increase in metabolic activity was not specific or selective for any retinal layer or cell type. We suggest that the preferential activation of glycoprotein glycosylation, and in particular the increased glycosylation of the 32 and 45 KDa glycoprotein species, may represent part of a compensatory metabolic response of retinal neurons to TMT-induced neuronal injury. PMID- 3237341 TI - Trace element losses during bed rest. PMID- 3237342 TI - Dietary cholesterol and liver microsomal fatty acid desaturases. PMID- 3237343 TI - Effect of trans fatty acids on the linoleic acid requirement of rats. PMID- 3237344 TI - Orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 3237345 TI - Gammaglobulin treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Renewed interest and new applications. PMID- 3237347 TI - Rhabdomyolysis. PMID- 3237346 TI - Needle localization of occult breast cancer. PMID- 3237348 TI - Anything for Thanksgiving? PMID- 3237349 TI - Extreme rhabdomyolysis in a patient with acute leukemia. Association with Candida kruseii fungemia. PMID- 3237350 TI - Perforated appendix in the incarcerated femoral hernia. A place for preperitoneal repair. PMID- 3237351 TI - Measuring cancer patients' quality of life. PMID- 3237352 TI - The role of hospital medical boards in graduate medical education. PMID- 3237353 TI - Professional medical conduct. PMID- 3237354 TI - Poor legal representation in medical malpractice cases. PMID- 3237355 TI - Recurrent syncope. PMID- 3237356 TI - CICIAMS Study group on family life. PMID- 3237357 TI - International consultation on health legislation and ethics in the fields of AIDS and HIV infection. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. PMID- 3237358 TI - On the margin of the Encyclical Sollicitudo Rei Socialis. Nursing workers and solidarity. PMID- 3237359 TI - [Crown with a light window. Concept about notorious lack of space]. PMID- 3237360 TI - [Clinical and pathophysiologic characteristics of congenital myopia and possibilities for improving visual function]. PMID- 3237361 TI - [Comparative assessment of visual acuity in preschoolers]. PMID- 3237362 TI - [Contrast sensitivity in children]. PMID- 3237363 TI - [Depth vision in preschoolers with emmetropia]. PMID- 3237365 TI - [Age-related characteristics of the development of the AC/A (accommodative convergence/accommodation) index in children]. PMID- 3237364 TI - [Function of the accommodation apparatus in preschoolers and younger schoolchildren]. PMID- 3237366 TI - [Characteristics of the accommodative function in children 6 to 7 years of age based on ergographic data]. PMID- 3237367 TI - [Acyclovir and acyclovir in combination with interferon in the treatment of ophthalmic herpes]. PMID- 3237368 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment problems in optic neuritis]. PMID- 3237369 TI - [Transscleral coagulation of the retina and ciliary body using a YAG-neodymium laser]. PMID- 3237370 TI - [A method and results of using optic penalization in preschoolers with amblyopia and unilateral strabismus]. PMID- 3237371 TI - [Intraocular correction in penetrating eye wounds]. PMID- 3237372 TI - [Morphologic changes of the eye in Behcet's syndrome]. PMID- 3237373 TI - [The role of antioxidants in regulating free-radical oxidation of the retina]. PMID- 3237374 TI - [Experimental study of the efficacy of plant preparation-based ophthalmic ointments in penetrating corneal injuries]. PMID- 3237375 TI - [Changes in the acid phosphatase activity of the cornea in the dynamics of a chemical eye burn]. PMID- 3237376 TI - [The role of blunt trauma in the pathogenesis of rhinogenous phlegmon of the orbit in children]. PMID- 3237377 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course and treatment of odontogenic phlegmons of the orbit]. PMID- 3237379 TI - [Intraocular correction in the treatment of cataract patients]. PMID- 3237378 TI - [Soft contact lenses in the treatment of eye burns of mild and moderate severity]. PMID- 3237380 TI - [The results of treating children with a visual disorder in specialized kindergarten groups]. PMID- 3237381 TI - [A case of the treatment of keratitis aggravated by demodectic blepharitis]. PMID- 3237382 TI - [A case of bilateral phlegmon of the orbit in a 2-month-old infant]. PMID- 3237383 TI - Professional liability and double standards. PMID- 3237384 TI - Open advertisements and medical care. PMID- 3237385 TI - Computer helps surgeon mold faces. PMID- 3237386 TI - Third-party payors. PMID- 3237387 TI - The furor over physicians' in-office laboratories. PMID- 3237388 TI - Telephone contact with the patient. PMID- 3237389 TI - In support of routine inquiry for CPR: Part II. PMID- 3237390 TI - Binding of peanut agglutinin on fresh and organ-cultured porcine corneal tissue. AB - To investigate the binding of peanut-agglutinin (PNA) on porcine corneal tissue, several methods of tissue processing were used. In cryostat sections of postmortem tissue, PNA labeling of epithelial cell membranes was detected. In the stroma, a fibrillar structure parallel to the corneal surface was found. The anterior part of Descemet's membrane was strongly positive, whereas the posterior Descemet membrane was negative. The endothelium was faintly positive. After 3 days of organ culture, the epithelial and endothelial staining patterns were not significantly changed. The stromal fibrils detected by PNA staining showed a considerable spatial disarrangement due to the stromal hydration. PMID- 3237391 TI - Quantitative cytochemistry of enzymes in the epithelium of ageing rat lenses. AB - The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) in two zones of the epithelium of the lens of 6- and 27-month-old rats were measured using quantitative cytochemical methods. In both age groups, the epithelium in the equatorial zone showed the highest enzymatic activity. LDH activity was similar in young and old rats in both areas. G6PD and GAPD activities in the central area were similar in both age groups, but their activity was markedly lower in the equatorial zone in old rats compared to young ones. This decrease in G6PD and GAPD activities may play a role in cataract formation. PMID- 3237392 TI - Sorbitol generation and its inhibition by Sorbinil in the aging normal human and rabbit lens and human diabetic cataracts. AB - Fresh intact human cataracts (derived from patients with mature-onset diabetes mellitus and from nondiabetic patients), normal human lenses between 2 and 71 years old and lenses derived from 1.5- to 5-kg rabbits were incubated in Earle's media containing enriched 13C-glucose (5 and 15 mM). 31P NMR organophosphate profiles were obtained at the start and end of each incubation. Sorbinil was added to one of each pair of selected lenses, both incubated with 13C-glucose. All the lenses were frozen after 4h of incubation and were subsequently assayed by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results demonstrate significant sorbitol generation only in young lenses which can be inhibited by Sorbinil. None of the older normal and cataractous human lenses or the mature-onset diabetic cataracts were capable of generating measurable sorbitol levels although they all showed active glucose metabolism and their organophosphate profiles demonstrated normal high-energy phosphate levels. Increased sugar phosphate levels were usually found in the mature-onset diabetic cataracts. Although our NMR spectroscopy is only sensitive to 10(-3) M levels, such concentrations of sorbitol are required to exert their osmotic effects. These data indicate that high sorbitol levels can only be generated in young human and rabbit lenses and correlate well with the age related changes in aldose reductase activity in these lenses. PMID- 3237393 TI - Aqueous humor flow rate and intraocular pressure during and after pregnancy. AB - Intraocular pressure and aqueous humor formation rate have been determined from the first trimester of pregnancy through term, with further determinations 3 months postpartum, in 7 patients. The intraocular pressure showed a consistent, statistically significant fall during pregnancy, returning to values seen in early pregnancy after delivery. Aqueous humor formation rate showed no change during pregnancy. The data indicate that the sustained elevated hormonal levels during pregnancy, either directly or indirectly, cause an increase in fluid outflow conductance from the eye without altering the rate of fluid entry. PMID- 3237394 TI - Newly synthesized proteins in a cell-free system supplemented with human and bovine membrane-bound polysomes isolated from lens fiber cells. AB - Since there is no report on human lens membrane-bound polysomes, we analyzed the products synthesized de nove in a cell-free system under the direction of membrane-bound polysomes isolated from human and bovine lens fiber cells by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The translation products appeared to be mainly water-insoluble polypeptides. PMID- 3237395 TI - Effects of moist-chamber and McCarey-Kaufman medium storage on the metabolic status of the cornea: a 31P-magnetic resonance analysis. AB - The rate of change in concentration of corneal phosphatic metabolites of cat corneas stored in moist chamber and McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) medium was determined in order to provide a basis for prediction of the corneal metabolic status at a given storage time. Perchloric acid corneal extracts were examined by phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance after storage at 4 degrees C of whole globes under moist chamber conditions up to 48 h and of excised corneas in M-K medium up to 168 h. A significant decline in the corneal concentrations of ATP and a significant increase in inorganic phosphate occurred for both storage methods; however, depending on the metabolite, the rate of decline or increase was significantly greater for the moist-chamber-stored corneas. The phosphorylated sugars significantly increased and the glycerophosphodiesters significantly decreased in the moist-chamber-stored corneas, whereas both metabolites remained unchanged in the M-K-medium-stored corneas. There was no significant change in the dinucleotides and nucleoside diphospho-sugars during the time course for both storage methods. A threefold greater rate of decline was noted in the tissue energy modulus for the moist-chamber-stored corneas than for the M-K-medium stored corneas (-0.0465 vs. -0.0121 modulus values/h). M-K medium was significantly more effective in the maintenance of high-energy phosphatic metabolites. The mathematical model for these rate determinations provides a basis for prediction of the corneal metabolic status at a given time in moist chamber or M-K medium storage. PMID- 3237396 TI - Rational nomenclature of alpha crystallin subunits. PMID- 3237397 TI - The biogeochemical cycle of the adsorbed template. II: Selective adsorption of mononucleotides on adsorbed polynucleotide templates. AB - Experimental results are presented for the verification of the specific interaction step of the 'adsorbed template' biogeochemical cycle, a simple model for a primitive prebiotic replication system. The experimental system consisted of gypsum as the mineral to which an oligonucleotide template attaches (Poly-C or Poly-U) and 5'-AMP, 5'-GMP, 5'-CMP and 5'-UMP as the interacting biomonomers. When Poly-C or Poly-U were used as adsorbed templates, 5'-GMP and 5'-AMP, respectively were observed to be the most strongly adsorbed species. Moreover, there exists a direct quantitative relationship between the quantity of cytidine or uracil residues in the adsorbed state and the amount of the complementary mononucleotide that is attached to it. NaCl added to the system in order to create conditions of high ionic strength seems to enhance the selectivity of the adsorption of the monmucleotides to these adsorbed templates. PMID- 3237399 TI - Acetylene as a substrate in the development of primordial bacterial communities. AB - The fermentation of atmospheric acetylene by anaerobic bacteria is proposed as the basis of a primordial heterotrophic food chain. The accumulation of fermentation products (acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetate and hydrogen) would create niches for sulfate-respiring bacteria as well as methanogens. Formation of acetylene-free environments in soils and sediments would also alter the function of nitrogenase from detoxification to nitrogen-fixation. The possibility of an acetylene-based anaerobic food chain in Jovian-type atmospheres is discussed. PMID- 3237398 TI - The polymerization of amino acid adenylates on sodium-montmorillonite with preadsorbed polypeptides. AB - We studied the spontaneous polymerization of amino acid adenylates on Na montmorillonite in dilute, neutral suspension, after polypeptides were adsorbed on the clay. This led to the unexpected finding that the degrees of polymerization (DP's) of the oligo- and poly-peptides obtained depended on the amounts of polypeptides that were preadsorbed. Plotting average molecular weights obtained against c-spacings of the clay platelet aggregates which widened as a result of polypeptide addition and adsorption before the polymerization, does not permit an obvious explanation of these observations. The best correlation assigns a role to the fractional occupation of the individual intercalation layers of the polypeptides, as the adsorption increases towards a first complete mono interlayer, then to an incipient and eventually to a complete double layer on to a third interlayer, after which the clay stacking breaks up. Spacings which correspond to an intermediate occupation of any of the three successive interlayers favor amino acids self-addition to polymers. The opposite is true for nearly empty or filled intercalation layers. We hypothesize and describe, how a catalytic activity may derive from c-spacings that offer adsorption sites for the reagent amino acid adenylate within the peripheral recesses of irregularly stacked clay platelets by bringing the anhydride bonds and neutral amino groups into favorable reaction distances. Moderately filled intercalation spaces may also act as sinks for the newly formed oligomers and facilitate the freeing of reaction sites for the occupation by fresh reagent. The c-spacings required for these mechanisms are the result of the intercalation of the preadsorbed polymer, but similar conditions prevail when polymers are adsorbed as they are generated during polymerization. PMID- 3237400 TI - Histogram differential for bone marrow cells by an automated electronic conventional blood cell counting. PMID- 3237401 TI - Evaluation of bone marrow involvement of malignant lymphoma by bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: necessity to evaluate both samples together. PMID- 3237402 TI - Healing of experimental rickets by thyroid hormone: biochemical and histological study. PMID- 3237403 TI - Effects of reverse triiodothyronine on bone and calcium metabolism in rats. PMID- 3237404 TI - Bioenergy recovery phenomenon in the myocardium following ischemia and factors contributing to the recovery studied by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 3237405 TI - Subclinical cases of lead poisoning specifically concerned with the central and peripheral neurologic findings. PMID- 3237406 TI - New method of microvascular anastomosis. PMID- 3237407 TI - [10 years of dental health training in Viennese kindergarten]. PMID- 3237408 TI - [Malignant neoplasms of the palatine tonsils among the cases of the Otolaryngological Clinic, Medical Academy, in Poznan 1977-1986]. PMID- 3237409 TI - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of otospongiosis]. PMID- 3237410 TI - [Organization of the temporal bone system of the skull. II. The petro-squamous system]. PMID- 3237411 TI - [Use of cheiloscopy in the clinical evaluation of patients with cleft palate]. PMID- 3237412 TI - [Evaluation of hearing in patients with surgically treated otosclerosis]. PMID- 3237413 TI - [Selected aspects of psychological and social functioning of patients after surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 3237414 TI - [Rare cases of esophageal foreign bodies]. PMID- 3237415 TI - [Difficulties in otolaryngologic practice in Central Africa]. PMID- 3237416 TI - [The serum phenobarbital content of newborn infants in therapeutic and toxic conditions]. PMID- 3237417 TI - [The kinetics of methylphenobarbitol in newborn infants]. PMID- 3237418 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium and some blood coagulation parameters in low birth weight newborn infants in intensive care]. PMID- 3237419 TI - [EEG findings in microcephaly with special reference to spike potentials]. PMID- 3237420 TI - [Congenital nephrotic syndrome--Finnish nephrosis]. PMID- 3237421 TI - [Intrathoracic tumors of the sympathetic nervous system--characteristics of their biological behavior]. PMID- 3237422 TI - The spectrum of gastroenteritis at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic, Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of North Sumatera in 1982. PMID- 3237423 TI - Factors influencing empyema in children. PMID- 3237424 TI - Hereditary spherocytosis: a clinical experience. PMID- 3237425 TI - Nosocomial infection control in the children's and maternity hospital "Harapan Kita". Early warning system. PMID- 3237426 TI - Human brain metabolism of morphine and naloxone. AB - The glucuronidation of morphine and naloxone was investigated in several regions of the human brain. Post-mortem brain tissue specimens were obtained from 19 patients 15 of whom had had cancer. With a few exceptions, all cancer patients had been treated with opiates during the terminal stage of their life. The glucuronide formation of morphine and naloxone was studied in vitro after incubation of the brain microsomal fraction with the substrate and uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA). The glucuronides were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Glucuronidation of morphine and naloxone was catalyzed in 6 of the 19 investigated tissue specimens. The rate of formation of naloxone-3-glucuronide (N3G) exceeded that of the morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G). Morphine-6-glucuronide formation was found in only 2 specimens, in which the formation rate was 10% of the formation rate of M3G. When morphine and naloxone were present simultaneously at equal concentrations (3 mM), the N3G/M3G formation rate ratio increased compared to that when the 2 substrates were incubated one by one. Our findings are interesting from a clinical point of view since the pathways studied represent both bioactivation and inactivation steps in the metabolism of opioids. PMID- 3237427 TI - Chronic pain and depression: toward a cognitive-behavioral mediation model. AB - Although considerable attention has recently been devoted to explaining why depression is a frequent concomitant of chronic pain, little empirical work has been conducted to test predictions based on these models. The present study was designed to test a cognitive-behavioral mediation model of pain and depression that proposes perceived reduction in instrumental activities along with a decline in perceptions of control and personal mastery are necessary prerequisites for the development of depressive symptomatology in pain patients. According to this model, in contrast to alternative models, the presence of pain is not sufficient condition for the subsequent development of depression. This model was tested and confirmed through the application of structural modeling with latent variables. Specifically, the direct link between pain and depression was found to be non significant, however, measures of perceived life interference and self-control were found to be significant intervening variables between pain and depression. These results provide the first empirical demonstration that psychological mediators may be involved in the development of depression secondary to chronic pain. The findings of this study are contrasted with single-factor models that postulate both chronic pain and depression as resulting from a common cause. PMID- 3237428 TI - The relationship between pain drawings and the psychological state. AB - Pain patients may be requested to complete pain charts as part of their evaluation at pain clinics. Inferences are made about the 'psychological content' of the patient's pain on the basis of the extent and distribution of the pain as illustrated in these drawings. In this study, the records of 328 patients from 4 distinct types of chronic pain service, were scored for how many body parts were included in the pain drawings and the percentage of body surface area involved. Four psychological instruments were used to quantify the psychological status of the patients. These included 2 measures of current psychological status (the General Health Questionnaire-28, and the Irritability/Depression and Anxiety Questionnaire), 1 measure of childhood quality (the Parental Bonding Index), and 1 measure of premorbid personality (the Hysteroid/Obsessoid Questionnaire). No significant correlation was found between the percentage of body surface area affected by pain, and the measures of childhood quality. Only very limited correlations were found between the percentage of the body surface area with pain and the measures of current psychological state and premorbid personality. Hence, strong emphasis should not be placed on the involvement of multiple areas as a sign of psychological illness. PMID- 3237429 TI - The relationship of locus of control to pain coping strategies and psychological distress in chronic pain patients. AB - Although behavioral scientists have long been interested in how an individual's locus of control relates to coping and adjustment, basic information remains to be gathered on the relevance of locus of control to adaptation to persistent pain. This study examined the relationship of locus of control orientation to pain coping strategies and psychological distress in chronic pain patients. Subjects were 62 chronic pain patients. All patients were administered: (1) the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales to assess locus of control, (2) the Coping Strategies Questionnaire to evaluate pain coping strategies, and (3) the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised to assess psychological distress. Correlational analyses revealed that patients who viewed outcomes as controlled by chance factors such as fate or luck tended to rely on maladaptive pain coping strategies and rated their abilities to control and decrease pain as poor. They also exhibited greater psychological distress. Regression analyses indicated that patients having a chance orientation toward locus of control were more likely to report depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and to have higher overall levels of psychological distress. Chance locus of control also predicted greater reliance on diverting attention and praying/hoping in dealing with their pain. In addition, patients high on chance locus of control reported feeling helpless to deal effectively with their pain problem. Clinicians evaluating chronic pain patients need to be aware that patients who view outcomes as controlled by external factors such as chance may have deficits in pain coping strategies and may report greater psychological distress than patients who do not have this locus of control orientation. PMID- 3237430 TI - Personalized evaluation of self-hypnosis as a treatment of chronic pain: a repertory grid analysis. AB - Self-hypnosis was taught to 5 highly hypnotisable patients referred to Auckland Hospital Pain Clinic. Evaluation included the Illness Self-Concept Repertory Grid (ISCRG) and follow-up was at 1 and 6 months post treatment. Consensus grids indicated the subjects initially identified with physical illness but this association decreased over the course of the study. There appeared, therefore, to be a shift in self-concept away from physical illness, in association with the learning and practice of self-hypnosis. This change was especially evident in the grids of those subjects who experienced the most pain relief. An association between pain reduction and self-concepts is thus noted. This study does not identify whether self-concepts merely reflect therapeutic change or whether strong self-identification with physical illness indicates a poor prognosis for pain relief. This is a question which deserves further study. PMID- 3237431 TI - The use of next-of-kin to estimate pain in cancer patients. AB - The clinical management of pain could be improved if more were known about the intensity and duration of the pain. The cancer patient, however, is often unable to communicate this information to caregivers. Relying on next-of-kin to provide information about the patient's pain could help, but little has been done to verify next-of-kin responses with respect to subjective experiences. For the present study 42 pairs of cancer patients and their next-of-kin were independently surveyed in 1982 in Washington state regarding their cancer pain and various aspects of medical treatment to determine whether proxies can give reliable responses. Close agreement between subject and next-of-kin was observed for the items which were salient and had a limited choice of responses, such as the presence of pain. Agreement in the aggregate was achieved for the items having several possible responses, such as the intensity and frequency of pain. Correspondence was virtually random for those items which had a variety of listed responses. The use of proxies in obtaining information, future research directions, and difficulties with measuring agreement are discussed. PMID- 3237432 TI - Effects of tizanidine (DS 103-282) on dorsal horn convergent neurones in the rat. AB - The effects of tizanidine, a new muscle relaxant, 5-chloro-4-(2-imidazolin-2-yl amino)-2,1,3-benzothiazole (DS 103-282) were studied on the activity of lumbar dorsal horn convergent neurons in anaesthetized paralysed rats. Following i.v. administration of tizanidine both the A- and C-fibre evoked responses were depressed in a dose-dependent manner in the 0.125-1.0 mg/kg range. The smaller dose employed (0.125 mg/kg) induced a significant depression of the C-fibre evoked responses (39.6 +/- 13.4% of the control responses) and a total recovery was observed 10 min after the injection: when the doses were increased, stronger and longer-lasting depressant effects were obtained. Identical but less powerful effects were observed on A-fibre responses. None of the depressive effects was correlated with variations in blood pressure. Microelectrophoretically applied tizanidine was found to depress current-dependently, the discharges of convergent neurones evoked by microelectrophoretically applied DL-homocysteic acid. In contrast, tizanidine (0.5, 1 mg/kg; i.v.) was found to be ineffective against the activities of non-nociceptive neurones triggered by mechanical stimulation of their receptive fields. It is concluded that tizanidine depresses specifically the activities of dorsal horn convergent neurones, probably in part by a post synaptic inhibitory action. Owing to the role of convergent neurones in pain processes, the present result could explain, at least partially, the analgesic action of this compound. PMID- 3237433 TI - Suppression of noxious thermal evoked responses in thalamic central lateral nucleus by cortical spreading depression. AB - Several thalamic nuclei are associated with the processing of pain information and are influenced by cortical actions. This paper demonstrates a cortical influence upon the medial thalamic nuclei unit activity evoked by thermal noxious stimulation in rats. We studied the effects of cortical spreading depression (CSD) upon the responses of the centralis lateralis (CL) nucleus of the medial thalamus to noxious heat stimulation. Urethane was used as anaesthetic. Cells responding to noxious stimulation were localized in the dorsal portion of the CL. These cells responded like polymodal or nociceptive specific units in the spinal cord and exhibited their highest discharge frequency with noxious stimuli. When CSD is propagated and affects the medial frontal cortex it blocks the responses evoked in CL cells by noxious stimulation. Cortical cells located at this level also exhibited responses evoked by noxious stimulation. Our results suggest a cortical facilitatory control upon the noxious responses recorded in the CL cells. PMID- 3237434 TI - Biofeedback of somatosensory event-related potentials: can individual pain sensations be modified by biofeedback-induced self-control of event-related potentials? AB - This study investigates the effects of biofeedback based upon event-related brain potentials evoked by nociceptive electrical stimuli. In a visual and monetary feedback paradigm, 10 subjects received positive feedback within one training session when systematically showing two different behavior patterns: one pattern correlated with a decrease (down-training) and one with an increase (up-training) of the peak-to-peak size of the N150-P260 complex, respectively. Training conditions were changed randomly from trial to trial over 300 trials. All subjects achieved control on both behavior patterns resulting in a simultaneous modification of the size of this complex according to the training conditions. Furthermore, the individual pain report measured with a visual analogue scale was altered in accordance with the biofeedback-induced behavioral modifications. A decrease in subjective pain report was achieved after down-training while an increase was observed after the up-training. PMID- 3237435 TI - Evoked potentials directly recorded from the trigeminal root in man. PMID- 3237436 TI - [Ki67 as histochemical marker of cellular proliferative activity in breast cancer]. PMID- 3237437 TI - A multivariate analysis of the prognostic significance of pathological features in breast cancer of perimenopausal age. PMID- 3237438 TI - [14 new cases of human dirofilariasis in Italy]. PMID- 3237439 TI - [Mesenteric adenitis, associated with the presence of nematode larvae?]. PMID- 3237440 TI - [Morpho-functional changes in the basement membrane in benign disease and in preinvasive and microinvasive carcinoma of the breast: immunohistochemical study with anti-collagen IV monoclonal antibody]. PMID- 3237441 TI - [Cytology in the diagnosis of chronic hepatopathies]. PMID- 3237442 TI - [Menetrier's disease. Morphologic and anatomo-clinical considerations]. PMID- 3237443 TI - [Anatomo-clinical considerations on an unusual case of breast disease: intraductal papilloma associated with controlateral carcinoma]. PMID- 3237444 TI - [Benign mesenchymoma of the hypopharynx]. PMID- 3237445 TI - [Balloon cell malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3237446 TI - Activation of alveolar macrophages from children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex. AB - The ability of alveolar macrophages (AM) to release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an indicator of AM function, was studied in five children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) related complex and, for comparison, in 11 children without disorders of the lung parenchyma. In the AIDS-related complex group, pulmonary manifestations were mild, and lung involvement was suspected by moderate clinical and/or radiological features. None had a past history of opportunistic infections; neither did any have lymphopenia. Cytologic study of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid revealed increased cellularity with increased percentage of lymphocytes. The study of H2O2 release was performed on unstimulated AM and on AM stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Under both experimental conditions, the amount of H2O2 accumulated in the medium was significantly increased in the group with AIDS-related complex (P less than 0.001). As no enhanced oxidative activity has been reported in AM from patients with full-blown AIDS, an increased ability of AM to release oxygen metabolites from children with AIDS-related complex may reflect an initial and temporary step in the course of the LAV/HTLV-III pulmonary disease. Determining AM activation might be a reliable method of assessing the evolution of lung disorder in AIDS. PMID- 3237447 TI - Pulmonary function following mild respiratory tract infections ("common cold") in teenagers. AB - Ventilatory function--forced vital capacity (VC)--forced expiratory volume (in 1 sec forced expiratory flows) static lung volumes, closing volume, and phase III slope (single-breath N2 test) were compared in 94 children with and 436 children without a history of recent mild acute respiratory infection. Their age ranged from 10 to 16 years; subjects with symptoms on the day of the study were excluded. We found no difference in lung function between the two groups, with the exception of a slight (inconsistently significant) increase in closing volume (CV) and the CV/VC ratio. Although the influence of a persistent increase in interstitial lung pressure leading to early small airways closure cannot be ruled out, this isolated functional abnormality probably represents a spurious positive result, arising by chance when a large number of statistical tests are done. PMID- 3237448 TI - The saccharin method for testing mucociliary function in patients suspected of having primary ciliary dyskinesia. AB - In order to evaluate the clinical value of the saccharin test as a practical and simple measure of mucociliary clearance, nasal mucociliary clearance (NMCC) and ciliary ultrastructure were studied in 22 patients suspected of having primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) based on the saccharin test. Ten patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of PCD had a pathological response to the saccharin test (transport time greater than 60 minutes), and this was consistently associated with ultrastructural defects, specific for PCD. These results validate the suitability of the clinical use of the saccharin test as a screening procedure for NMCC. The false-negative results obtained in three cases of PCD, all with borderline values, cannot be ascribed to ineffectiveness of the test, but rather to the persistence of some motility by certain defective cilia, detectable by microphoto-oscillographic investigation of specimens obtained by nasal biopsy or brushing. PMID- 3237449 TI - Respiratory control during nipple feeding in preterm infants. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the development of respiratory control during feeding in premature infants. Cardiorespiratory disturbances during feeding were evaluated with polygraphic monitoring in 24 premature infants within 1 week of beginning nipple feeds. During the initial study, 15 infants exhibited one or more episodes of short apnea (greater than or equal to 10 sec) and three infants exhibited prolonged apnea (greater than or equal to 20 sec). Bradycardia developed in seven infants; apnea and decreases in oxygen saturation invariably preceded the development of bradycardia. In contrast, short apnea occurred during sleep in five infants and associated bradycardia developed in four infants. Occurrence of apnea during sleep was significantly lower than that observed during feeding (P less than 0.05). Subsequently, 18 of these infants were reevaluated 7-10 days later. Seven infants developed one or more episodes of short apnea, five developed prolonged apnea, and four developed bradycardia. These occurrences were not significantly different from those observed during the initial study (P greater than 0.05). Short apnea persisted during sleep in four infants during reevaluation. Most of the apneic episodes in both studies were mixed apnea. The high frequency of cardiorespiratory disturbances during the first 2 weeks of nipple feeding indicates that in most preterm infants respiratory control during feeding is still immature at the postconceptional age of 35-36 weeks. PMID- 3237450 TI - Alveolar data in healthy, awake neonates during spontaneous ventilation: a preliminary investigation. AB - A computerized method for the measurement of alveolar ventilation (VA) and the mean alveolar partial pressures of CO2 and O2 is described and tested in healthy, awake fullterm (FT) newborns and preterm (PT) infants (postnatal age 40 days). This study emphasizes the technical pitfalls generally encountered when dealing with very small infants. A sensitive pneumotachograph with a small dead space volume and a low-flow sampling system for the gas analyzer are minimum requirements. Under these technical conditions, the major problem is the scanning time of the mass spectrometer (50 Hz), which fixes the time constant, as well as the digitization sampling rate of the gas signals. This rate was not sufficient when the respiratory rate was above 90 min-1. As critical visual evaluation of each breath is required, fully automatic access to mean alveolar data is not possible. The mean dead-space volume in both FT and PT infants was 2 ml.kg-1, with a VD/VT ratio of 0.3. The mean alveolar point was 2/3 VT, as found in adults. When expressed as ml.min-1.kg-1, VA appeared to be higher than in other studies, but related to the metabolic requirements. (VCO2 = 7.8 +/- 0.2 ml.min 1.kg-1 and VO2 = 8.0 +/- 0.2 ml.min-1.kg-1), in accordance with the state of vigilance of the neonates. Indeed, the PACO2 values, which depend on the ratio VCO2/VA, are in agreement with the values of PaCO2 generally considered normal in healthy newborns over 1 week of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237451 TI - Management of an unusual case of congenital lobar emphysema. AB - A 10-week-old infant, who presented with respiratory embarrassment, was found to have an azygos lobe complicated by congenital lobar emphysema. The pediatric work up, operative management, and postoperative course are described. The cases presenting at Duke University Medical Center are reviewed. PMID- 3237452 TI - Seventh Conference on Apnea of Infancy. Rancho Mirage, California, January 26-28, 1989. Abstracts. PMID- 3237453 TI - Alveolar brush cells in an infant with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. PMID- 3237455 TI - [Postprandial secretion of gastrin and the secretory function of the stomach in children with duodenal ulcer and gastritis]. PMID- 3237454 TI - [Status of mineral nutrition in children with phenylketonuria treated by low phenylalanine diet. III. Magnesium]. PMID- 3237456 TI - [Comparative evaluation of serum apolipoprotein B (apo B) levels in obese and normosthenic children]. PMID- 3237457 TI - [Effect of climate therapy on the functional state of the respiratory system of children with nasal obstruction]. PMID- 3237458 TI - [Mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema as complications of bronchial asthma in a 14-year-old girl]. PMID- 3237459 TI - [Analysis of the morbidity rate among children born in the region of the Rural Health Center in Galiny]. PMID- 3237460 TI - [PAR-findings and interdisciplinary planning]. PMID- 3237461 TI - [Clinical evaluation of CT discography in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation]. PMID- 3237462 TI - [Evaluation of anti-scatter grids in barium study of the stomach]. PMID- 3237463 TI - [Prospective study of adverse reactions to contrast media administered intravenously--a comparison of low-osmolality and high-osmolality contrast media]. PMID- 3237464 TI - [Clinical study of findings of pneumothoraces on the plain chest film]. PMID- 3237465 TI - [Changes in the intrahepatic microvasculature following experimental hepatic arterial embolization. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy of microvascular casts]. PMID- 3237466 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging of post massive hepatic necrosis--a comparison of CT and histologic findings]. PMID- 3237467 TI - [Radiotherapy of esophageal cancer: combined with high-dose intracavitary irradiation using a balloon applicator]. PMID- 3237468 TI - [Clinical evaluation of bi-axial pendulum irradiation and pelvic structure tolerance in radiation therapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 3237469 TI - [Digital tomosynthesis using a 35 mm X-ray cinematogram during an isocentric rotational motion]. PMID- 3237470 TI - [Possible involvement of immunologic factors in radiotherapy of mouse MM46 tumors (1). Modifying effects of radiation response using cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 3237471 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal cord injury--observation of cyst formation]. PMID- 3237472 TI - [Cellular infiltrates in lung cancer as a prognostic indicator]. PMID- 3237473 TI - [Effect of sera from patients with lung cancer on proliferative properties of lymphocytes from healthy blood donors]. PMID- 3237474 TI - [Vitamin A level in the blood serum of patients with primary lung cancer]. PMID- 3237475 TI - [Developmental anomalies of the respiratory system in infants under 1 year of age in autopsy specimens from the Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Academy, in Bialystok 1976-1985]. PMID- 3237476 TI - [Air pollution with sulfur dioxide and the incidence of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3237477 TI - [Evaluation of the results of the treatment of bacteriologically confirmed active tuberculosis in Poland. Report of the Central Tuberculosis Register 1986]. PMID- 3237478 TI - [Pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Absidia coerulea in a patient with lung cancer]. PMID- 3237479 TI - Painful clinical trials. PMID- 3237481 TI - The promotion of poorly controlled experimentation on children by medical ethicists. PMID- 3237480 TI - So what? Child health: more questions than answers? PMID- 3237482 TI - Neonatal care and neonatal survival. PMID- 3237483 TI - Maternal smoking in pregnancy. PMID- 3237484 TI - Could oedema and proteinuria in pregnancy be used to screen for high risk? The WHO International Collaborative Study of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. AB - Prospectively gathered data from eight geographically defined areas in south-east Asia included serial measures of blood pressure, proteinuria and oedema during pregnancy. A total of 15,476 pregnancies were included. Both antenatal oedema and proteinuria were markers of increased risk of antenatal diastolic hypertension, proteinuric pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. However they identified fetuses at high risk of low birthweight and perinatal mortality only in areas where the incidence of hypertension was low. As a screening strategy to identify women who are at increased risk of antenatal diastolic hypertension, of proteinuric pre-eclampsia and of eclampsia, the most efficient strategy is probably to use the presence of oedema and/or proteinuria. The sensitivity of using this method for identifying women with proteinuric pre-eclampsia is high, but for identifying eclampsia it is still relatively low. Where resources are available there is probably no substitute for using a sphygmomanometer and measuring blood pressure. PMID- 3237485 TI - Fumes from the spleen. PMID- 3237486 TI - Whose data is it anyway? PMID- 3237487 TI - High incidence of neural tube defects in Bursa, Turkey. AB - A radiological survey of 1204 members of the population of Bursa revealed a high prevalence of spina bifida occulta (16.3%). Hospital deliveries in the area also showed a high incidence of anencephalus and spina bifida aperta (5.8 per 1000 total births) in the years 1983 to 1986. In the first 6 months of 1987, however, there was an increase in incidence to 20 per 1000 births (P less than 0.01). The possibility is raised that the Chernobyl disaster of May 1986 might have resulted in the elevation of the rate in an already susceptible population. PMID- 3237488 TI - Birthweight and perinatal mortality: a tale of two populations? PMID- 3237490 TI - Fumes from the spleen. PMID- 3237489 TI - Dilemmas of child sexual abuse. PMID- 3237491 TI - Whose baby is it anyway? PMID- 3237492 TI - So what? Bugs in the bran. PMID- 3237493 TI - Marital status and cohabitation during pregnancy: relationship with social conditions, antenatal care and pregnancy outcome in France. AB - A survey of a representative sample of 5508 births in France in 1981 permitted the study of social characteristics of pregnant women, the medical care they received during their pregnancy and their pregnancy outcome, as a function of their marital status and whether or not they lived with the father of the child. Unmarried women living with the father (n = 412) like unmarried women living alone (n = 171), were more often younger, having their first baby and had a lower educational level than did married women living with the father (n = 4590). However, among the unmarried women, those living alone were in a more unfavourable position than those living with the father; in particular, they were more often less than 20 years old, had the minimum educational level required and were unemployed. Both groups of unmarried women had a higher preterm delivery rate than did married women, even after taking other risk factors into account in a logistic regression. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for pre-term delivery among unmarried mothers living without the father was 1.9 (1.0-3.4) and that for the unmarried cohabiting with the father was 1.6 (1.0-2.4). Thus, to fully appreciate the perinatal risks and medical needs during pregnancy, both the marital and cohabitational status of the women should be considered. PMID- 3237494 TI - The perinatal morbidity and mortality survey of Jamaica 1986-1987. AB - The Jamaican Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Survey was conducted between September 1986 and August 1987. A total of 10,310 consecutive births were identified and mothers interviewed in the first 2 months (main cohort study), 1405 neonatal admissions were evaluated over a 6-month period (morbidity study), and 1855 perinatal deaths and 73 late neonatal deaths identified over 12 months (mortality study)-55% of the deaths were given a postmortem examination. The perinatal mortality rate for the cohort study was 38.1 per 1000 births. This was 36.6 percent higher than the 1982 estimate of 27.9/1000 based on deliveries at the Victoria Jubilee Hospital, a specialist maternity institution which has at least 13,000 deliveries per annum. PMID- 3237495 TI - Trends in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950-1984. AB - In the 35-year period, 1950-1984, 154 Olmsted County, Minnesota, infants were diagnosed with definite infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). Patients were identified using outpatient and inpatient records of all providers of care to the circumscribed population, and ascertainment was complete insofar as diagnosed cases are concerned. The overall incidence of IHPS was 2.6 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 2.2-3.0), with a male:female ratio of 4.1:1. A dramatic rise in incidence was seen among male infants over the study period, but not for females, so that by 1980-1984 the rates for the two sexes were 6.2 and 0.9 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Improvements in diagnostic capabilities and case identification may have occurred but seem unlikely to entirely account for these changes. Aetiologic hypotheses should reflect the different trends for male and female infants. PMID- 3237496 TI - Incidence of child abuse: depends who you ask. PMID- 3237497 TI - Neonatal care and neonatal survival. PMID- 3237498 TI - Quality or quantity--where to draw the line? PMID- 3237499 TI - Fumes from the spleen. PMID- 3237500 TI - So what? To change or not to change? PMID- 3237501 TI - Fashion or cuts? PMID- 3237502 TI - Is perinatal mortality still a good indicator of perinatal care? AB - The increasing influence of very immature infants on perinatal mortality rates (PMR) led us to question the usefulness of this parameter in assessing perinatal care. To examine this further we have compared the incidence of perinatal asphyxia amongst mature babies (greater than or equal to 35 weeks gestation) for two geographically-defined populations of over 500,000 people. Both areas have a teaching hospital-based maternity service and comparable perinatal mortality rates. The incidence of severe post-asphyxial encephalopathy showed a marked excess in one population (1.93 vs 0.61 per 1000 births), which was not obviously explicable. Taken in conjunction with the figures for stillbirth in labour, this represented a 2.8 times greater risk for either fetal death in labour or severe asphyxial insult. It would appear that perinatal mortality rates do not accurately reflect important differences in those perinatal outcomes most likely to be affected by perinatal care. PMID- 3237503 TI - Prediction of outcome shortly after delivery for the very low birthweight (less than or equal to 1500 g) infant. AB - Obstetric and perinatal data for 387 very low birthweight infants (less than or equal to 1500 g) who were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit were used to derive and test a multivariate statistical model for predicting shortly after birth the risk of death before hospital discharge. Using the gestational age, the Apgar score at 5 minutes and the presence or absence of respiratory distress, the model correctly predicted outcome for 94% of survivors but for only 53% of deaths. The model successfully identified a subgroup with a low (less than 1 in 20) predicted risk of death. This subgroup comprised over one-third of the infants but included 47% of the survivors and only 5% of the deaths. The probabilities derived from the model are tabulated and may help paediatricians in maternity units without neonatal intensive care facilities to decide which very low birthweight infants to transfer for additional care. PMID- 3237504 TI - Cardiomyopathy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - A total of 18 male patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), aged 8-29 years (mean, 15.7 years), were prospectively studied to assess the cardiomyopathy associated with DMD, using clinical parameters and noninvasive cardiovascular investigations: electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitoring, and echocardiography. In addition, five clinical tests of cardiovascular autonomic function were used to assess the role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of dysrhythmias. The majority of subjects were asymptomatic, but four had abnormal physical findings. All had abnormal ECG, the commonest abnormality (in 16) being tall R waves or increased R/S ratios in the right precordial leads; 14 had abnormal findings on echocardiography, including three with poor left ventricular function and five with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Labile abrupt sinus tachycardia was present in 11, and four had high-grade ventricular ectopy. None had definite clinical evidence of autonomic dysfunction. The cardiomyopathy of DMD appears to be unrelated to disease severity. However, abnormal Q waves or Q/R ratios in ECG leads I, aVL9 and V5-V6 are significantly related to young age (p less than 0.05), and high-grade ventricular ectopy occurred significantly more frequently (p less than 0.05) in older subjects (greater than 15 years). Dysrhythmias were not related to the presence of MVP, poor left ventricular function, or autonomic dysfunction. PMID- 3237505 TI - Dysrhythmias after the modified Fontan procedure. AB - The cardiac rhythm before and after the modified Fontan procedure was reviewed in 24 patients. Transient atrial dysrhythmias were common in the immediate postoperative period. Late postoperative premature atrial contractions were detected by ambulatory monitoring in 20 of 23 patients; eight (34.8%) had supraventricular tachycardia. Late ventricular dysrhythmia was detected in 18 of 23 patients: ten had low-grade ventricular dysrhythmias and eight (34.8%) had multiform premature ventricular contractions. Five of the latter had couplets and one of these five plus another had ventricular tachycardia. Seven patients with supraventricular tachycardia and five patients with ventricular dysrhythmia required antiarrhythmic medication. Asymptomatic bradycardia was detected in five patients (21.7%). One patient had intermittent second-degree atrioventricular block. No specific risk factors predicted dysrhythmias. Thus, cardiac dysrhythmias were common in patients after the modified Fontan procedure, but were well tolerated in most patients. No sudden deaths or syncopal episodes have occurred during a mean follow-up of 5 years. One patient's death was related to severe left ventricular dysfunction. Permanent pacing has not been required in any patient. PMID- 3237506 TI - Effect of sample volume location on pulsed Doppler diastolic flow parameters in newborn infants. AB - Pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to measure parameters of left and right ventricular diastolic filling from both the valve annulus and valve leaflet tips in 36 newborn infants. Absolute values for E and A velocities were 13% higher at the mitral leaflet tips and 10%-18% higher at the tricuspid tips than at the respective valve annulus. Similarly, values for diastolic velocity-time integral measurements were 6%-18% higher when sampling was performed at the leaflet tips. With the exception of the transtricuspid velocity ratio, E/A ratio values were not affected by sample volume location. Doppler sample volume location can influence velocity and velocity-time integral measurements in newborn infants. Attention to consistent sample volume location is important in serial or comparative studies. PMID- 3237507 TI - Prediction of peak pulmonary artery pressure by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography in infants and children. AB - Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography was used to estimate peak pulmonary artery (PA) pressure in 104 infants and children, aged 4 days to 16 years, with normal hearts (control group) and 43, aged 29 days to 13 years, with various kinds of heart disease (patient group). The Doppler transducer was directed toward the right ventricular outflow tract and angled until the maximal velocity signal was reached. Doppler velocity time intervals were measured as follows: acceleration time (AT), from the onset to the peak of the velocity curve; and ejection time (ET), from the onset to the termination of the velocity curve. In the control group, AT corrected through dividing by the RR interval of the electrocardiogram (ATc), and AT/ET by dividing by the square root of the RR interval (AT/ETc), were independent of body surface area. In the patient group, peak PA pressure had a significant inverse correlation with both ATc (r = -0.78) and AT/ETc (r = -0.87). Thus, AT/ETc derived from continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography is a good quantitative predictor of peak PA pressure in infants and children. PMID- 3237508 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiographic measurement of right atrial and right ventricular size in children with atrial septal defect before and after surgery. AB - A total of 25 children operated on for atrial septal defect were studied by cross sectional echocardiography before and after operation. Right atrial and right ventricular dimensions and areas were measured preoperatively and 1-4 years (median, 32 months) postoperatively. The length, width, and area of the right atrium (RA) and the right ventricle (RV) were measured in the apical and the subcostal four-chamber views. The dimension of the RV outflow tract (RVOT) was measured in the parasternal short-axis view. Preoperatively, all group mean values except the subcostal four-chamber length of the RV were significantly larger than normal. After surgery, there was a significant decrease in all of the parameters studied, except for RV length. The mean postoperative values of RA measurements in the apical four-chamber view and of RVOT were still significantly larger than normal. The RV four-chamber measurements except the apical four chamber length were not significantly enlarged. The greatest decrease in RA and RV size occurred in the first postoperative year. Longer follow-up periods did not change the measurements significantly. PMID- 3237509 TI - Medical management of three asymptomatic infants with severe valvar aortic stenosis. AB - We report on the clinical course and serial hemodynamic studies of three patients with severe valvar aortic stenosis diagnosed in the neonatal period. None of the children were symptomatic in the first year of life. In each case, a conservative initial management approach was adopted. Between the time of initial study (mean age, 1.8 months) and the follow-up at 12-27 months of age (mean, 14.3 months), mean left ventricular systolic pressure decreased from 151 to 125 mmHg, the mean peak systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve decreased from 61 to 33 mmHg, and the mean calculated aortic valve area index increased from 0.24 to 0.60 cm2/m2. One patient was operated on for symptoms that appeared at 14 months of age. The patient followed longest is now 5 years old, is growing well, has a normal electrocardiogram and an echo-predicted left ventricular systolic pressure of 128 mmHg. This experience suggests that not all asymptomatic neonates with severe valvar aortic stenosis require surgical intervention early in life. In some, the aortic valve orifice may increase in size with somatic growth and obviate the need for surgery in infancy or early childhood. PMID- 3237511 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibodies in examining the cerebrospinal fluid in oncologic cytodiagnosis]. PMID- 3237510 TI - Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma in two children. AB - The clinical and pathological features of primary pulmonary artery sarcoma in two children are reported. The first patient presented with right ventricular outflow obstruction and underwent successful surgical resection of his tumor. The second patient developed cardiac arrest following a relatively short period of symptoms of right heart failure and could not be revived. The pathological diagnosis in both patients was hemangiopericytoma. To the best of our knowledge, primary pulmonary artery sarcoma in children has not been previously reported. PMID- 3237512 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of unilateral chronic subdural hematoma]. PMID- 3237513 TI - [Early surgical treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysm]. PMID- 3237514 TI - [Cryptococcal cerebrospinal meningitis as a complication of acute blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 3237515 TI - [Establishing the theoretical and experimental principles of a simple medical neurolinguistic test]. PMID- 3237516 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of knitted double-velour prostheses of Polish production]. PMID- 3237517 TI - [Results of the studies of intermittent claudication distance by the treadmill test]. PMID- 3237518 TI - [Effect of long-term pentoxifylline treatment on selected parameters of the fibrinolytic system in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the legs]. PMID- 3237519 TI - [Stability of procaine hydrochloride in infusion solutions]. PMID- 3237520 TI - [Calcium channel blockers and arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 3237521 TI - [Clinical indications for treatment by hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 3237522 TI - [Analysis of cases treated by hyperbaric oxygenation at the Polish Army Center for the Training of Divers and Frogmen 1983-1986]. PMID- 3237523 TI - [Analysis of cases of cancer of the upper respiratory tract classified as occupational disease in Poland 1971-1986]. PMID- 3237524 TI - [Epidemiology of pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children]. PMID- 3237525 TI - [The role of psychological factors in the etiopathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3237526 TI - [Interactions of theophylline with erythromycin, rifampicin and lincomycin]. PMID- 3237527 TI - [The role of gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria in hospital infections]. PMID- 3237528 TI - [Hepatitis B markers in health service personnel with reference to preventive vaccination]. PMID- 3237529 TI - [Is cigarette smoking a causative factor in the development of inguinal hernia?]. PMID- 3237530 TI - [Serum lysozyme activity in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3237531 TI - [The role of magnesium in the body]. PMID- 3237532 TI - [Legal aspects of medical information banks]. PMID- 3237533 TI - [Endourological treatment of renal and ureteral calculi]. PMID- 3237534 TI - [Surgical treatment of staghorn calculi in patients with solitary kidney under ischemia and local hypothermia]. PMID- 3237535 TI - [Middle molecules in the urine of patients with renal failure]. PMID- 3237536 TI - [Membranous glomerulonephritis in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible]. PMID- 3237537 TI - [Use of microcomputer technic in the hemodialysis department]. PMID- 3237538 TI - [Herpes simplex viruses and their role in infections of the urogenital system]. PMID- 3237539 TI - Third meeting of the Pituitary Pathology Club. Soltau, September 18-21, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3237540 TI - Clinical diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. AB - Clinical symptoms, signs, endocrine examinations, image diagnosis of GH cell adenoma, prolactin cell adenoma, TSH cell adenoma and nonsecreting pituitary adenoma are discussed. PMID- 3237541 TI - Treatment of prolactinomas and growth hormone-producing adenomas with an injectable bromocriptine retard preparation and a somatostatin analogue delivered by an implantable pump. AB - Among 14 patients with prolactinomas a single injection of 50 mg bromocriptine in a retard preparation resulted in a decrease of the initially elevated serum prolactin levels (to 4-62% of the initial value) in 12 cases and in a tumor shrinkage in 9 patients. In 3 out of 4 acromegalics injection and/or infusion of the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 (in 2 patients with an implanted Infusaid pump) led to a normalization of growth hormone and somatomedin-C levels. PMID- 3237542 TI - Differentiation of two types of amyloid occurring in pituitary adenomas. AB - Two types of amyloid can be differentiated by light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopy. The more frequent type (stellate/perivascular amyloid) is a secretory product of the adenoma cells whereas the second, rare type (spheroid amyloid) is formed by remnants of the cytoskeleton of necrotic adenoma cells. PMID- 3237543 TI - Amyloid in pituitary adenomas. AB - 71 surgically removed pituitary adenomas with amyloid deposits were studied by light microscopical and immunohistological means. In none of the adenomas was there a predominance of amyloid deposits. There were no correlations between the extent or pattern of the deposits with either age, immunohistological hormone content or localization. Our results do not support either of the theories about the origin of amyloid--whether mesenchymal or produced by adenoma cells--in pituitary adenomas. PMID- 3237544 TI - Analysis of human pituitary tumors by in situ hybridization. AB - A procedure for performing in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH) on frozen and paraffin sections of human pituitary tissues is described. The use of oligonucleotide probes for hPRL and hGH labeled with 35S allowed detection of a specific messenger RNA in frozen and paraffin sections. This technique can be combined with immunochemistry to localize both the gene product and the hormone(s) produced by specific cells and should be very helpful in the characterization of normal and neoplastic human pituitary cells. PMID- 3237545 TI - In vitro studies of human pituitary adenomas. AB - The application of morphologic and tissue culture techniques to the study of human pituitary adenomas allows further investigation of structure-function correlations. Using these methods, we have documented morphometric differences between densely and sparsely granulated somatotroph adenomas but the release of growth hormone in vitro and responses to adenohypophysial hormones/drugs do not correlate with tumor type. The morphologic and functional alterations in somatotroph adenomas exposed to SMS 201-995 appear to be reversible in vitro. Incubation of lactotroph adenomas with bromocriptine for 3 days directly reduces tumor cell size, cytoplasmic volume and cytoplasmic volume densities of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi regions; these changes are similar to the effects of longterm bromocriptine therapy in vivo. Tissue culture studies of gonadotroph adenomas of men confirm that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates gonadotropin release by tumor cells and yields morphologic evidence of increased hormone synthesis whereas these tumors have variable sensitivity to gonadal steroids; structural changes in tumor cells correlate with hormone release after stimulation, suggesting that morphologic parameters may reflect the hormonal milieu of these adenomas. Null cell adenomas and oncocytomas release small quantities of glycoprotein hormones, predominantly gonadotropins in vitro and there are no functional differences between these 2 tumor types; gonadotropin release responds to GnRH stimulation and, paradoxically, to other adenohypophysiotropic hormones, but such stimulation does not result in secretion of other adenohypophysial hormones by these tumors. PMID- 3237546 TI - Morphometric study of normal and adenomatous pituitary somatotrophs in humans. AB - Somatotrophs from ten pituitary adenomas were evaluated morphometrically by light and electron microscopy using the following parameters: a) nuclear, cytoplasmic and cell volumes; b) volume density, total volume, surface density, total surface and surface/volume ratio of secretory granules, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and c) the number of secretory granules and mitochondria per micron3 of cytoplasm and per cell. The results were compared (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.10) with those obtained from somatotrophs identified in five normal pituitaries. The data obtained indicate that: a) in the adenomas, the number of secretory granules per cell cannot be accurately evaluated from their apparent number in sectioned cell profiles; b) there are two basic sub-types of adenomatous somatotrophs defined according to the mean secretory granule diameter; cells in which granule diameter is inferior to 180 nm exhibit distinct morphological features such as nuclear pleomorphism, the presence of gross bundles of intermediate sized filaments or fibrous bodies in the cytoplasm and a variable number of secretory granules. Adenomas constituted mainly by these cells were found in younger patients, suggesting the more aggressive nature of these tumours, thus warranting close clinical follow-up of such patients; and c) in both types of adenomatous cells, the organelles directly involved in the secretory process, i.e., the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, are larger than in the control cells; however, the ratio between the surfaces of these two compartments does not differ among the three groups studied. PMID- 3237547 TI - Changes in prolactinomas and somatotropinomas in humans treated with bromocriptine. AB - Effects of bromocriptine (CB) on human prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenomas (PRLomas) and growth hormone-secreting adenomas (GHomas) were analyzed morphologically and morphometrically. Treatment with CB for 2 weeks brought about a variety of changes in PRLomas, including cell shrinkage, degenerative and necrotic changes and fibrosis. Secretory granules within a cell increased in number but not in volume. However, the exocytosis of the granules increased remarkably. Single-cell necrosis was occasionally seen in the tumor nests, whereas breakdown of tumor cells occurred in clusters predominantly in the periphery of the nests. At 1 week after cessation of CB, PRLomas showed two distinct, divergent histological appearances; more advanced destructive changes and the regrowth. These findings suggest that human PRLomas consist of two populations, i.e., those sensitive and resistant to the cytocidal actions of CB. In contrast, treatment with CB produced almost no change in GHomas except for an increase in the stromal tissue volume. Vacuolation and single-cell necrosis were occasionally observed in a few GHomas. PMID- 3237548 TI - Pituitary pathology in Cushing's disease. Histology and morphometry of pituitary tissues removed through microsurgery. AB - 58 cases of Cushing's disease were studied after selective transsphenoidal surgery, by means of histology, immunocytochemistry and morphometry. The qualitative and quantitative results, related to the clinical follow-up of the patients indicated that: 1) when a well-defined tumor was found (62% of the patients), successful outcomes occurred in 88% of the cases, 2) when a tumor could not be found, successful outcomes amounted to only 33% of the cases, a rate that might be related to a surgical exploration of the basophil cell zone "invading" the neural lobe, thus questioning a role of this zone, at least in some Cushing's diseases. PMID- 3237549 TI - Pituitary pathology in Cushing's disease. AB - Pituitaries of 137 cases with Cushing's disease were microscopically and immunohistologically studied. Many alterations and parameters (sex, age, anamnesis, cortisol plasma levels, tumor size, invasiveness, localization, differentiation of adenomas, immunohistological hormone content, capillarity, recurrences, peritumorous ACTH cell hyperplasia, and Crooke's cells) were analyzed and compared. Whereas most parameters were not correlated, we found some important statistically significant correlations: Undifferentiated adenomas are more frequently invasive than differentiated ones. Invasive adenomas recur more frequently than non-invasive adenomas. Extremely laterally localized adenomas are more often invasive. Larger adenomas are more frequently invasive than micro adenomas. ACTH cell hyperplasia are more often demonstrable in specimens from total hypophysectomies (confined to our earlier series) than from partial hypophysectomies and adenomectomies. Recurrences of adenomas are more frequent in pituitaries with periadenomous ACTH cell hyperplasia. Very rarely ACTH cell hyperplasia are the only source of ACTH hyperfunction. The more Crooke's cells are demonstrable, the longer the post-operative replacement dose of Cortisol is required. Adenomas in Cushing's disease and adenomas in Nelson's syndrome differ significantly in the following points: Adenomas in Nelson's syndrome are larger and contain more plurinuclear cells. In the ultrastructure, adenomas in Cushing's disease show more cytofilaments. Paraadenomous Crooke's cells are lacking in Nelson's syndrome. PMID- 3237550 TI - The TSH secretion in the human pituitary adenomas. AB - TSH secretion by a pituitary tumor is very rare (2%) and it is often associated with another hormone: GH or PRL essentially. We present here nine tumors in which the TSH secretion was proved by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and by RIA in the tumor extracts, in the serum and in the culture medium. Four tumors secreted TSH only. Five tumors secreted TSH and GH predominantly. In 3 of them traces of other hormones (PRL and FSH) were also detected. The "pure" TSH adenomas were monomorphous with typical ultrastructural and immunocytochemical features. Plurihormonal TSH adenomas were bimorphous with different cells secreting GH and TSH or monomorphous with one type of cell which secreted TSH or GH or both TSH and GH. In a majority of the cases, the tumoral TSH secretion induced hyperthyroidism but in 2 patients with TSH adenoma there was euthyroidism and in another with TSH-GH adenoma there was no sign of acromegaly and GH serum levels were normal. PMID- 3237551 TI - Malignant pituitary tumors. AB - Pituitary malignancies are rare. The definition of pituitary malignancy is still subject to debate. Three types of malignancy with the description of clinical course and complete autopsy were presented; i) true carcinosarcoma, ii) ectopic sphenoid invasive tumor, and iii) post-irradiation sarcoma. The first true carcinosarcoma had a long natural tumor history of 46 years, ending in malignant transformation with extracranial metastasis from a pituitary adenoma. The second ectopic sphenoid tumor was prolactin-producing, locally invasive, with the intact pituitary gland. The third post-irradiation sarcoma was followed by chromophobe pituitary adenoma. The interval between irradiation to the adenoma and malignant transformation to fibrosarcoma was about 14 years. PMID- 3237552 TI - Interactions between transplanted pituitary tumor and gonads in nude mice. AB - More pronounced hyperprolactinemia occurred in the male nude mice bearing a transplantable rat pituitary tumor than in the female nude mice, although the hyperprolactinemia in rats bearing the identical tumors was more prominent in the females than in the males. PRL levels in castrated nude mice of both sexes bearing tumor were almost the same as those in the intact female nude mice. PRL levels in the tumor tissues in each group paralleled relative abundance of PRL secreting cells in the tumors. Supplement with testosterone or estrogen to the castrated mice recovered the PRL concentrations to the same or higher levels than those in intact male mice. Reproductive organs in the tumor-bearing male nude mice showed no alterations, whereas those in the female nude mice were markedly atrophic. Tumors had receptors for estrogen but not for androgen. Insufficient estrogen secretion due to the ovarian atrophy caused by the PRL from the tumors seemed responsible for the failure in growth of PRL-secreting tumor cells and consequent low PRL production by the tumor. PMID- 3237553 TI - Effect of aromatase inhibitors on the functional morphology of the pituitary gland of dogs and monkeys. AB - It was the goal of our studies to investigate the role of androgens and/or estrogens for the regulation of the negative feedback mechanism as well as the regulation of secretion of prolactin in male dogs and a male subhuman primate species by means of the aromatase inhibitor 1-Methyl-ADD and/or the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate. Based on our results an important but not exclusive role of estrogens in the feedback control of gonadotropic secretion in the dog and the cynomolgus monkey has been suggested. Androgens appear to be involved too. As far as prolactin is concerned it was concluded that estrogens do not always and under all conditions stimulate prolactin in primates and in dogs and that androgens also appear to stimulate prolactin in male individuals. PMID- 3237554 TI - Histamine levels and activities of histamine metabolizing enzymes in mammalian ocular tissues: comparison between day and night. AB - Iris, ciliary body, choroid and retina of the cow, rabbit and man contain histamine; the retinas are less rich in histamine (55-135 ng/g tissue) than the uvea (209-3073 ng/g tissue). The tissues show no diamine oxidase activity, no or marginal histidine decarboxylase activity, and well expressed histamine-N methyltransferase activity. The killing of the rabbits at noon, light-midnight and dark-midnight revealed some day-night and light-dark dependent variations in both histamine content and histamine-N-methyltransferase activity in the iris ciliary body, choroid and retina. It is suggested that histamine in mammalian eye may be of some functional importance. PMID- 3237555 TI - A toggle-floor box: the reliability of crossings in the evaluation of drug induced locomotor changes in mice. AB - Various categories of the motor behavior were recorded using a video tape in mice subjected to a 10 min activity session in a toggle-floor box after an ip administration of saline solution, d-amphetamine (2 or 4 mg/kg), morphine (10 or 20 mg/kg) or scopolamine (0.5 or 1 mg/kg). While all the three drugs enhanced horizontal activity, in particular the crossing from one compartment to the other, rearing was inhibited, particularly by morphine. The results demonstrate that crossings, the behavioral category easily measurable automatically, represent a reliable index of the drug-induced hyperactivity. PMID- 3237556 TI - The difference in the tail-flick latency between C57BL/6 and DBA/2J mice. AB - The tail-flick latency, measured using radiant heat as a noxious stimulus, was significantly shorter in C57BL/6 than in DBA/2J mice, while no significant interstrain differences were observed in the hot-plate test. The experiments in which the animals' tail was painted indicated that the difference in the tail flick latency between strains was caused by the difference in the color of animal's coat. PMID- 3237557 TI - Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in patients with stomach cancer. AB - Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol was investigated in patients with operable stomach cancer, after administration of a single dose of the drug. The course of changes in the paracetamol level in the serum was described by a two-compartment open model for extravascular administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using an Odra-1305 computer under George-3 operation system. The area under the curve of concentration changes in patients with stomach cancer was smaller by 47%, and the maximum concentration--by 60%. The distribution volume and the total clearance were increased in these patients. The results suggest that the doses of paracetamol in the patients with stomach cancer should be increased to obtain the required therapeutic effect. PMID- 3237558 TI - Studies of lithium pharmacokinetics in patients with affective illness. AB - Lithium pharmacokinetics after a single dose and pharmacokinetic prediction of optimal lithium carbonate dose in steady-state, were investigated in 15 patients with affective illness. In nine patients the course of plasma concentration after a single dose was characteristic for two-compartment and in six patients for one compartment model. Patients fitting the two-compartment model required higher daily lithium dose to achieve steady-state therapeutic lithium level than patients fitting the one-compartment model. A significant correlation was found between plasma lithium level 12 and 24 h after a single dose and the daily dose required for achieving optimal lithium level in the course of subsequent lithium administration. PMID- 3237559 TI - Pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in psychiatric patients. AB - Plasma levels of carbamazepine (CBZ) were studied in 10 patients with psychiatric illnesses who were given the drug every 12 hours for 28 days. No correlation has been found between the daily dose of carbamazepine (calculated for body weight) and the steady-state level of the drug. In most patients taking CBZ as the only drug, a 10-20% fall in plasma drug level occurred between the first and second week of treatment, suggesting autoinduction process. A significant correlation was obtained between the plasma level of CBZ measured after the first dose of the drug and the subsequent steady state concentration. This makes possible to predict the steady-state CBZ concentration early in the treatment. PMID- 3237560 TI - Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological studies on dihydropyrido-1,3,4 triazepinone derivatives. AB - New 4,5-dihydropyrido-[2,3-e]-1,3,4-triazepin-5-one derivatives (2-9) were synthesized. The preliminary pharmacological tests revealed antinociceptive action of compounds 4-7 and 9 and antianxiety action of compound 4. PMID- 3237561 TI - The effect of verapamil on serotonergic mechanisms in the rat blood platelets. AB - Verapamil in vitro inhibits the uptake and enhances the release of the labeled serotonin from the rat blood platelets. It also inhibits the facilitating action of serotonin on the aggregation response of platelets stimulated by ADP. The obtained results indicate that verapamil significantly influences serotonergic mechanisms in the blood platelets, at least in the rat. PMID- 3237562 TI - Lesions of central amygdala abolish angiotensin II improvement of recall in passive avoidance situation. AB - Our earlier experiments have shown that facilitating action of angiotensin II (AII) on recall of passive avoidance is mediated by dopaminergic systems. In an attempt to evaluate the possible site of action of AII on memory processes, bilateral lesions of the structures belonging to the limbic system, receiving efferentation from A 10 dopaminergic neurons were made before behavioral testing of the influence of intracerebroventricular (icv) AII injection on recall in a passive avoidance situation. Bilateral lesions of the nucleus centralis corporis amygdaloidei totally abolished the facilitating effect of AII on recall, while the lesions of the nucleus septi lateralis were ineffective. These results may suggest that improvement of recall in passive avoidance situation after icv injection of AII is mediated by A 10 dopaminergic neurons projecting to the central amygdala. PMID- 3237563 TI - Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate given intrathecally to children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Pharmacokinetics of the intrathecally given methotrexate (MTX) for protection of the central nervous system was studied in 17 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). MTX plasma levels were assayed by enzymatic inhibition. The first order rate constants for the absorption, distribution and elimination phases were calculated on the base of an open one or two compartment body model. The efflux of MTX from the cerebrospinal fluid compartment is sufficiently significant to worsen myelosuppression, especially in 3-7 year old children. Therefore MTX cannot be administered intrathecally to such young children unless the complete remission in the number of circulating granulocytes is achieved according to general rules. PMID- 3237564 TI - The effect of dopamine on blood flow in skeletal muscles. AB - To explain some mechanisms of the peripheral action of dopamine experiments were carried out on anesthetized rabbits in which the blood flow in calf muscles was measured during rest and during evoked twitches, using the method of 133Xe clearance of Lassen et al.; the arterial blood pressure and ECG were simultaneously recorded. Dopamine reduced the blood flow, particularly after a muscular effort. That effect of dopamine was not blocked by the alpha- and beta adrenoceptor antagonists phentolamine and propranolol, the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol, or by the agent blocking sympathetic nerve endings compound BW392C60. Only low doses of dopamine given after propranolol pretreatment caused an increase in the blood flow. Dopamine depressed the arterial blood pressure, particularly the diastolic one. Pretreatment with phentolamine and haloperidol did not antagonize that effect, while pretreatment with propranolol or BW392C60 abolished or reversed the action of dopamine. The depression by dopamine of the blood flow in an important area of skeletal muscles indicates that part of the circulating blood may be shifted to other vascular beds, e.g. to the viscero - renal one. PMID- 3237565 TI - The acute effect of doxorubicin and its analogue--4'-epidoxorubicin on circulatory system in rabbits. AB - The acute influence of doxorubicin (DXR) and its analogue - 4'-epidoxorubicin (4' epiDXR) on cardiovascular system in rabbits was compared. A single intravenous dose of DXR (1 and 3 mg/kg) did not affect the cardiac index, stroke index and heart rate, but reduced the mean arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. In contrast, 4-epiDXR, in the same doses, did not affect any of the hemodynamic parameters. PMID- 3237566 TI - The effect of buthobendin on glycolysis in rabbit myocardial slices in vitro. AB - The effect of buthobendin (2S,2'S isomer of N,N'-dimethyl N,N'-bis[1-(3',4',5' trimethoxybenzoyloxy)-butyl-2]-ethylenediamin e dihydrochloride), (CravitenR) on aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis in rabbit myocardial slices was compared with that of the biologically inactive isomer 2R,2'R and the well-known antiarrhythmic drugs quinidine and procainamide. Only buthobendin stimulated lactate formation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. However, that effect was not accompanied with a parallel increase in the glucose uptake, but was related to a decrease in the glycogen level. This finding might indicate that buthobendin stimulates glycolysis by mobilization of the glycogen degradation. PMID- 3237567 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of new N-aminoalkyl-2-pyrrolidinone derivatives. AB - The paper describes the mode of obtaining and physico-chemical properties of new 1-(beta-hydroxy-gamma-aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone derivatives and their antiarrhythmic effect and the action on the circulatory system. PMID- 3237568 TI - The influence of selected potential oncostatics of plant origin on the protein biosynthesis in vitro. AB - Five potential oncostatics of plant origin (reserpine, amphotericin B, rutoside, digoxin, dry aloe extract), and cyclic AMP were investigated for their effect on protein synthesis. The solutions of digoxin and dry aloe extract inhibited protein biosynthesis in vitro. The direct inhibiting effect of digoxin on the ribosomes suggests that this drug forms an inactive complex with this organelle. Therefore it can be concluded that ribosome is the target site of digoxin action. Aloin and aloeemodin are responsible for the inhibitory effect of the solution of dry aloe extract. They inhibit markedly [14C]-leucine incorporation into proteins. Aloin and aloeemodin do not influence directly the ribosomes, but they inhibit elongation factors and peptidyltransferase activities in the complete elongation system. Some preliminary experiments have shown that direct interaction between these substances and elongation factor EF-2 should be taken in account. This observation is the subject of further experiments, in which the characteristics of the inhibitory effect of the components isolated from dry aloe extract will be performed. PMID- 3237569 TI - Synthesis and antineoplastic effects of furo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives. AB - Furo[3,4-d]pyrimidine was obtained in the reaction of 2-phenyl-4-phenylamino-6 methyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid with SOCl2. This compound, heated with aliphatic amines, yielded mono- and diamino-derivatives. Some of the obtained compounds exhibited a potent antineoplastic activity. PMID- 3237571 TI - Effects of photoperiod and filtered light on growth, reproduction, and mating behavior of turkeys. 1. Growth performance of two lines of males and females. AB - This study was designed to determine the effects of photoperiod and filtered light on growth of male and female turkeys. Large White (LW) and Medium White (MW) turkeys were reared under intermittent (2 h light: 2 h dark) or diurnal (12 h light: 12 h dark) photoperiods using white light, red (650 nm), or blue (450 nm)-filtered lights. Both males and females grew more rapidly under blue light than under red or white light up to 16 wk of age. After that age, rates of gain were significantly better under the white and red lights. Growth rates were significantly greater under the intermittent than under the diurnal photoperiod for both lines and sexes in Experiment 1 but not in Experiment 2. The greatest acceleration in growth rate was observed from 4 to 10 wk of age, with this advantage still evident at 24 wk of age. No significant differences in feed efficiency due to photoperiod or light color occurred. Early mortality was highest under blue light but late mortality was greater under red and white light. Mortality was higher for the LW than MW birds. Live grades were unaffected by light regimen or light color, but feather condition was poorest for birds reared under the white diurnal photoperiod. PMID- 3237570 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of derivatives of isoxazolo [5,4-d]-6,7 dihydropyrimidines. AB - The synthesis of 4-hydroxy-4-amino substituted 5-phenylisoxazolo [5,4-d]-6,7 dihydropyrimidines was described. The compounds with alkylamine and semicarbazide substituents in position 4 showed the activity against sarcoma Sa-180, while those with heterocyclic substituents at the same position have analgesic properties. PMID- 3237572 TI - Effects of light environment and population density on growth performance of male turkeys: 2. Physiological changes. AB - This study was designed to determine the effects of intermittent white light [2 h of light (L) followed by 2 h of dark (D) repeated six times per day] vs. diurnal white, blue, and red light (12L:12D), light intensities of 86.1 lx (high) vs. 5.4 lx (low) at high and low population densities, and season of the year on changes in the pineal, pituitary, and adrenal glands and testes of male turkeys. Pineal gland weights were unaffected by any of the factors under study. Pituitary gland weights significantly increased only in 12-wk-old males reared during the fall and winter compared with those reared during the spring and summer, but were unaffected by the imposed light environments or population density. Adrenal glands were significantly larger in males reared under high population density conditions in comparison with those reared under low density housing. The different light environments were ineffective in altering the effects of population density on adrenal response. Intermittent, high intensity light caused precocious sexual development when males were between 12 and 23 wk of age. White light and red-filtered light stimulated testes activity and seminiferous tubule development, whereas blue-filtered light was nonstimulatory. PMID- 3237573 TI - Growth characteristics of selected broiler muscles as affected by age and experimental pen design. AB - Broilers were grown in conventional pens and in pens modified with barriers and ramps extending across their width. The purpose of these modifications was to increase the use (exercise) of specific muscle groups and measure changes in muscle growth. The breast (pectoralis, supracoracoideus, and gastrocnemius pars externa muscles) from birds reared in conventional pens grew at a more rapid rate than the total body weight of the live bird. Increased growth rates of the breast, pectoralis, supracoracoideus, gastrocnemius pars interna, and femorotibialis muscles were found in birds raised in pens with single ramps. The double-ramp treatment resulted in increased growth in peroneus longus and femorotibialis. Barriers in pens resulted in slower growth rates in gastrocnemius pars externa and iliotibialis, double ramps resulted in slower growth rates in gastrocnemius pars externa, and single ramps resulted in slower growth rates in gastrocnemius pars externa and semitendinosus. Modification of conventional pens caused changes in weight and measurements of many of the muscles studied. Pectoralis muscles from birds reared in pens with barriers were 12.6% heavier after 3 wk exposure than those from birds in conventional pens. The pectoralis muscle of birds after 4 wk exposure to single ramps was 7.1% heavier and the femorotibialis muscle was 19.8% heavier than respective muscles from birds grown in conventional pens. Changes in muscle dimensions showed that conformation of the muscle could be altered by pen modification. PMID- 3237574 TI - Incidence and level of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler processing. AB - The distribution and level of Campylobacter jejuni throughout broiler processing was evaluated. Six trials were conducted at three broiler processing plants to determine the occurrence of C. jejuni on commercial broilers as affected by specific processing functions. Counts were determined at specific sampling stations throughout the plants, and patterns of counts among sampling stations and plants were observed. Between 1,100 and 5,500 C. jejuni/1,000 cm2 skin surface (represents half the skin surface area of one defeathered broiler) were found on birds entering the three plants. Increases in C. jejuni levels were associated with both the picking and evisceration operations. Broiler carcasses ready for packaging contained approximately 50 organisms/1,000 cm2. Campylobacter jejuni was also recovered from gizzard samples, carcass and gizzard chill water, and swab samples taken of selected equipment surfaces. PMID- 3237575 TI - Nutritive value of a new hull-less barley cultivar in broiler chick diets. AB - The hull-less barley mutant Franubet, derived from Betzes (CI 6398), has an unusual starch type, with granules that appear fractured when viewed with an electron microscope. Hull-less Franubet barley from three crops and a hulled barley, Ershabet (CI 15722) were used in a series of 21-day broiler chick feeding studies using 21% protein diets supplemented with 44% protein soybean meal, DL methionine, minerals, vitamins, and an antibiotic. Barley-containing diets were compared with corn diets in varying proportions as basal grains. Supplemental beta-glucanase added to Franubet diets resulted in improvement in chick growth over that of birds fed diets unsupplemented with beta-glucanase. In some cases, chicks fed Franubet barley with or without the supplemental enzyme had weight gains equal to those fed corn. Feed:gain ratios corresponded to weight gain results. In one trial, Ershabet barley, a hulled cultivar, was compared with Franubet barley, with and without beta-glucanase, and corn as basal grains. Results from feeding both barleys were equal to those of feeding corn when supplemented with enzyme, although performance of the hull-less cultivar tended to be superior with respect to chick body weight gain and feed:gain ratio. Franubet barley appears to have high nutrient digestibility for poultry compared with other barleys. PMID- 3237576 TI - Effect of synthetic gizzerosine on growth, mortality, and gizzard erosion in broiler chicks. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the dose-dependent response of synthetic DL-gizzerosine (GIZZ) on the growth, mortality, and gizzard erosion (GE) of male broiler chicks. In a short-term experiment (7 days duration), 4-day old chicks were fed diets supplemented with 20 levels of GIZZ (from 0 to 18 ppm) in three trials. In a long-term experiment (28 days duration), day-old chicks were fed diets supplemented with eight levels of GIZZ (from 0 to 1 ppm) in two trials. The GE scores, growth and mortality were measured. In the short-term experiment, GE scores of groups fed incremented levels of GIZZ increased rapidly up to 3 ppm of supplemental GIZZ. Weight gain was unaffected until the 1-ppm GIZZ supplementation level was reached, but scores were linearly depressed with increasing increments of dietary GIZZ thereafter. The first mortality occurred at 2 ppm dietary GIZZ, and the mortality rate increased with higher dietary GIZZ levels. In the long-term experiment, the GE scores also increased with increasing increments of supplemental GIZZ. Growth rates of birds fed supplemental GIZZ levels from 0 to .9 ppm were almost the same; growth rate declined at 1.0 ppm GIZZ. Mortality first appeared at .8 ppm supplemental GIZZ. It is suggested that the recommended concentration of GIZZ in practical diets should be less than .4 ppm (L-form). PMID- 3237577 TI - Estimation of the relative bioavailability of inorganic selenium sources for poultry. 2. Tissue uptake of selenium from high dietary selenium concentrations. AB - An experiment was conducted with 192 day-old male Cobb chicks to study tissue uptake of Se as an estimate of the bioavailability of supplemental inorganic Se sources fed at high dietary concentrations. A basal corn-soybean meal diet (.18 mg Se/kg diet, dry matter basis) was supplemented with 0, 3, 6, or 9 mg Se/kg diet (as-fed basis) as either reagent grade Na2SeO3, CaSeO3, or Na2SeO3 plus fumed amorphous carrier or 6 mg Se/kg diet as either Na2SeO4 or Se metal, and fed for 1 wk. No toxic effects were noted as expressed by mortality; however, there was a reduction (P less than .01) in feed intake and daily gain when 9 mg Se/kg diet was fed, suggesting onset of toxicosis. Selenium concentration in liver, kidney, muscle, and plasma increased linearly (P less than .01) as dietary Se increased from all sources. Selenium metal produced lower (P less than .01) Se concentrations in kidney and muscle than other supplemental sources. Multiple regression slope ratios were used to estimate relative bioavailability values of 100, 103, 99, 112, and 83 for Na2SeO3, CaSeO3, Na2SeO3 + carrier, Na2SeO4, and Se metal, respectively. When these ratios were corrected for the analyzed dietary Se concentration, relative values were 100, 96, 94, 109, and 81 for the above sources, respectively. PMID- 3237578 TI - Determination of myofibrillar and connective tissue protein contents of young and adult avian (Gallus domesticus) skeletal muscles and the N tau-methylhistidine content of avian actins. AB - The myosin, actin, and collagen contents of young and adult avian red (leg) and white (breast) skeletal muscles from White Leghorn chickens have been determined by the use of analytical chromatographic methods developed to quantify the unique amino acids that occur in these proteins. Because one mole of actin purified from the red and white muscles of Leghorn chickens and one mole of myosin contain respectively one and two moles of N tau-methylhistidine, and the molar ratio of myosin and actin in skeletal muscle is known to be 1:6, the myofibrillar myosin and actin contents of avian skeletal muscles can be determined from the amounts of protein-bound N tau-methylhistidine found in acid hydrolysates of this tissue. Actin accounts for an estimated 11.2 to 12.2% of total muscle mass in both muscles or about 21.1% of total myofibrillar protein, whereas myosin ranges from 23.4 to 25.8% of total protein, corresponding to a mean value of 43.8% of total myofibrillar proteins. Total avian collagen ranged from 1.96 to 3.08% in breast and from 5.63 to 6.87% in leg skeletal muscles. With the methods described herein, content of collagen and collagen-like proteins can be calculated from amounts of 5-hydroxylysine present. The content of total connective tissue proteins could also be calculated from amounts of 4-hydroxyproline found. These quantifications are based on total protein content of the selected avian muscles determined by their detailed amino acid composition. PMID- 3237579 TI - Myoelectrical activity changes in the uterus and vagina during oviposition in the conscious domestic hen. AB - In the unrestrained domestic hen, myoelectrical activity of the uterus and vagina was recorded during the period from 10 min before to 10 min after oviposition. Recordings revealed significant changes in frequency and duration of bursts of spike potentials (BSP) between 3 min before and 2 min after the expulsion of the egg. These changes occurred successively, first in the uterus, then in the vagina. For the uterus, the frequency of BSP per minute increased. However, the duration decreased significantly during the same time period, remaining at the attained activity level throughout the 10-min postoviposition period. In the vagina, changes in BSP were transient. The duration of BSP was sharply augmented prior to oviposition, reflecting a nearly continuous discharge of spike potentials. The frequency reached minimal values after oviposition. The onset of changes in myoelectrical activity may reflect the moment the egg passes the registration electrodes. The increase in frequency of spike potentials may indicate augmented resistance to the passage of the egg in cranial direction (ovarium) so that it is propulsed towards the cloaca. The characteristic pattern of vaginal myoelectrical activity about oviposition argues for the active participation of this oviductal segment in the process. PMID- 3237580 TI - Reproductive performance of medium white breeder toms fed diets with varying metabolizable energy levels and 7% crude protein. AB - An experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding diets composed of triticale (var: Flora) with varying ME levels and 7% CP on fertilizing capacity and semen quality of Medium White breeder toms. Thirty-nine breeder toms were fed ad libitum from 30 to 54 wk of age one of four dietary treatments: 14% CP with 2,892 kcal ME/kg; 7% CP with 2,919 kcal ME/kg; 7% CP with 2,719 kcal ME/kg; and 7% CP with 2,539 kcal ME/kg. Semen volume (SV), packed spermatozoa volume (PSCV), BW, testicular weight (TW), and fertilizing capacity of semen were measured. No differences for SV, PSCV, TW, calculated daily feed, and estimated energy consumption were observed among the dietary energy levels fed. The estimated daily protein intake was higher (P less than .05) for toms fed the 14% 2,892-ME diet than 2,539, 2,719, and 2,919-ME diets containing 7% CP. The 7% 2,919-ME diet reduced (P less than .05) the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa, whereas the 7% 2,539-ME diet decreased the percentage of fertile eggs hatched. Under the conditions of this experiment, Medium White breeder toms maintained fertilizing capacity and semen quality when provided a diet containing 7% CP with 2,719 kcal ME/kg. PMID- 3237581 TI - Hemolysis of chicken erythrocytes by t-butyl hydroperoxide and protection by plasma. AB - Chicken erythrocytes treated with 100-microM t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) were more than 80% hemolyzed in 2 h and more than 90% hemolyzed after 4 h of incubation. Autologous plasma retarded the rate of hemolysis of chicken red cells produced by t-BHP. Dialysis of chicken plasma resulted in a marked decrease in the ability of plasma to protect erythrocytes from hemolysis by t-BHP. Low molecular weight components of plasma such as uric acid are hypothesized to account for much of the dialyzable material that protects red cells from hemolysis. PMID- 3237582 TI - Fertile semen from 9-week-old chicks treated with tamoxifen. AB - White Leghorn male chicks were injected with 1 mg/kg BW of tamoxifen (an anti estrogen) on alternating days between 2 and 9 wk of age. This treatment increased testes weight and induced semen production in response to the abdominal massage procedure. Insemination of laying hens with this semen resulted in hatching of live chicks from their eggs. PMID- 3237583 TI - Development of a quantitative method for the evaluation of varus-angular bone deformity in chickens. AB - A quantitative technique was developed to measure the degree of flexion (twisting) and torsion (angulation) of the tibiotarsus bone from chickens affected with varus-angular bone deformity (varus-ABD). A plexiglass device was constructed consisting of X, Y, and Z-axis planes. The Y-axis plane was used to position the tibia in a constant reference position. The distance in millimeters from the (0, 0, 0) coordinate to the (X', 0, 0) coordinate was used to measure medial tibial flexion (TF), and the distance from the (0, 0, 5 cm) coordinate to the (X', 0, 5 cm) coordinate was used to measure lateral TF. The X-axis plane was fitted with a protractor to measure the angle of the proximal head of the tibia as a measure of tibial torsion (TT). The Z-axis plane was used to measure tibial length. Tibias with mild varus-ABD had TF values of greater than 0 but less than or equal to 5 mm, whereas severe varus-ABD tibias had TF values of greater than 5 mm. The TT values ranged from 10 to 60 degrees, with the lower values associated with severe varus-ABD. PMID- 3237584 TI - Dream castles. PMID- 3237585 TI - Mothers' perceptions and use of community health services during the postpartum. PMID- 3237586 TI - Help for mothers with infant care and household tasks: perceptions of support and stress. PMID- 3237587 TI - The outcome of public health nursing service in a preventive child health program: phase 1, health assessment. PMID- 3237588 TI - Novice home visitors teaching/learning needs. PMID- 3237589 TI - The elderly Samoan. PMID- 3237590 TI - The fit of elder abuse with the family violence paradigm, and the implications of a paradigm shift for clinical practice. PMID- 3237591 TI - Job satisfaction assessment of public health nurses. PMID- 3237592 TI - Challenges in assessing the impact of nursing service: a community perspective. PMID- 3237593 TI - Halothane induced hepatic necrosis in rats: the role of in vivo lipid peroxidation. AB - Hepatic damage was induced in phenobarbitone pretreated male Fischer 344 rats by the administration of 1% halothane in 14% oxygen for either 1 or 2 hours. Ethane production during the exposure period was not significantly different between the halothane and non-halothane exposed groups. Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 6 and 24 hrs from commencement of anaesthesia and the hepatic microsomal fraction analyzed for diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides, total lipid content and fatty acid composition. Animals exposed to halothane and sacrificed at 2 and 24 hrs had significantly elevated levels of diene conjugates (P less than 0.05), while lipid hydroperoxide concentration and serum alanine aminotransferase increased in only those animals sacrificed at 24 hrs. Alterations in total lipid content and hepatic microsomal fatty acid composition were not observed in animals sacrificed after 1 and 2 hrs. A significant reduction in total lipid and arachidonic acid content occurred only in those animals sacrificed 24 hrs after exposure, however a concomitant increase in the saturated fatty acid fraction was not observed. It is proposed that alterations in fatty acid composition in vivo and evidence of lipid peroxidation occur as a result of cell death rather than an initiating event in halothane induced hepatic necrosis in rats. PMID- 3237594 TI - Gastrointestinal absorption and urinary excretion of aluminium in patients with predialysis chronic renal failure. AB - In a randomized cross-over study, serum and urinary aluminum (A1) was measured in 8 patients with predialysis chronic renal failure. Samples were taken after ingestion of an A1-containing phosphate binder (ACPB) with either water or 7% citric acid, and A1 was analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Both serum levels and urinary excretion of A1 increased markedly after ingestion of ACPB with citric acid. Only urinary A1 excretion increased significantly after ACPB with water. Citric acid alone caused no change in serum concentration or urinary excretion of A1. The serum A1 increase after ACPB with citric acid indicates that absorption of A1 is taking place in both upper and lower intestines. Marked individual variations in gastrointestinal A1 absorption, independent of kidney function, were seen after intake of ACPB with citric acid. These variations could not be predicted from changes in serum concentrations or from urinary excretion of A1 after intake of ACPB with water. Intake of ACPB caused a significant decrease in serum phosphate. PMID- 3237595 TI - Cyanide-induced injury to the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - In order to study the events that follow cyanide-induced inhibition of oxidative metabolism and produce cellular injury, isolated, haemoglobin-free perfused rat livers from fasted rats were exposed to KCN (100 mg/l). KCN reduced the oxygen consumption of the livers by about 80%. Hepatotoxicity was evident by a marked release of enzymes (LDH, SDH) and of glutathione (mainly GSSG) into the perfusate, by a depletion of hepatic glutathione and by an accumulation of calcium in the liver. Cyanide-induced hepatotoxicity could be prevented completely by feeding the rats before preparing the liver as well as by addition of fructose to the perfusate of fasted livers. Both treatments resulted in an increased energy supply from anaerobic glycolysis as evidenced by a large release of lactate + pyruvate into the perfusate. The toxic actions of cyanide were markedly attenuated by deferrioxamine as well as by allopurinol. These antitoxic actions occurred without changes in anaerobic glycolysis. Omission of calcium from the perfusate, however, did not influence cyanide toxicity. Thus, energy supply from anaerobic glycolysis seems to be sufficient for the basic functions of the liver to occur, when oxidative metabolism is inhibited by cyanide. The effects of deferrioxamine and allopurinol indicate the involvement of radical intermediates and/or Fe2+ in cyanide-induced cellular toxicity. An influx of calcium from the extracellular to the intracellular space is not involved in cyanide-induced hepatocellular injury. PMID- 3237596 TI - Actions of terodiline, its isomers and main metabolite on isolated detrusor muscle from rabbit and man. AB - The effects of racemic terodiline on isolated detrusor preparations from rabbit and man were compared with those of its (+)- and (-)-isomers, and with those of its main metabolite, parahydroxy-terodiline. Concentration-response (c-r) relations for carbachol and frequency-response relations for electrical stimulation were determined before and after addition of drugs. In preparations from both rabbit and man, all the drugs tested concentration-dependently shifted the c-r curve for carbachol to the right. (+)-Terodiline was more potent than (+/ )-terodiline, whereas (-)-terodiline and parahydroxy-terodiline were less potent. All drugs in concentrations greater than 10(-6) M had a non-competitive effect, depressing the maximum of the carbachol contraction. All drugs had a depressant effect on electrically evoked contractions. (+)-Terodiline was as effective (rabbit) or more effective (man) than (+/-)-terodiline, whereas (-)-terodiline and parahydroxy-terodiline were less effective. It is concluded that (+) terodiline contributes to a main part of the detrusor effects of the racemate, and that part of this action is anticholinergic. Parahydroxy-terodiline had a profile of action similar to that of (+/-) terodiline, but its potency was low. Since it is present in plasma in low concentrations, its contribution to the clinical effects of terodiline is probably small. (+)-Terodiline may have a therapeutic potential. PMID- 3237598 TI - The European Society for Pigment Cell Research abstracts. PMID- 3237597 TI - The effect of 2-hydroxybenzoylglycine on bilirubin-albumin binding. PMID- 3237599 TI - Transmission and scanning electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replication of normal human melanocytes and human melanoma cells in tissue culture. AB - Basic LM, TEM, SEM, and FFR appearances of a pure line of normal human melanocytes derived from foreskin, and a human melanoma line, in cell culture are described. Normal melanocyte cultures exhibit side by side, cells of widely different melanogenic activities--possible clones--and melanosomes of bizarre shape and internal structure are frequent. Aggregates of melanosomes, with or without associated amorphous material, and with no discernible limiting membrane are present within many cells, and occasional simple specialised contacts occur between apposed cells. On replicas of plasma membrane of normal melanocytes, particle densities and diameters on P and E fracture faces were within the ranges for cells in general, and equivalent data for the melanoma cells were not significantly different. Similarly, there was no difference in density of distribution or diameter of nuclear pores between the normal and the tumoural cells. PMID- 3237600 TI - Analysis and quantification of pheomelanins by radioimmunoassay. AB - An antiserum against alpha-amino-(4-hydroxy-6-benzothiazolyl)propionic acid (AHBP), a major product obtained after hydriodic acid hydrolysis of pheomelanin, was raised in rabbits immunized with AHBP coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The antiserum was used to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) to AHBP. The limit of detection of the RIA is 0.1 ng of AHBP. The antiserum does not crossreact with other major hydriodic acid degradation products, and the assay has been used to estimate the amounts of AHBP in synthetic and natural melanins. PMID- 3237601 TI - Exploring the evolutionary history of melanin-concentrating and melanin stimulating hormone receptors on melanophores: neopterygian (holostean) and chondrostean fishes. AB - The occurrence of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptors on integumental melanophores was found to extend back in the evolutionary line of ray-finned bony fishes (Actinopterygii) to the group ancestral to modern teleosts, the Holostei. The two species of holosteans studied, Amia calva and Lepisosteus platyrhincus, exhibited changes of melanophore index (melanosome aggregation), indicating responses to MCH and to melatonin but no response to norepinephrine (NE). Polyodon spathula, a species of chondrostean (an older group of bony fishes ancestral to holosteans), failed to respond to MCH, to melatonin, or to NE. Nevertheless, Polyodon skin darkened (melanosome dispersion) in response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). The preliminary implication of these observations is that the mechanism of physiological color change involving MCH and its melanophore receptors evolved near the end of the Paleozoic or during the early Mesozoic, just before or early in the evolution of neopterygian (holostean and teleostean) fishes. PMID- 3237602 TI - Inhibition of UV radiation-induced DNA damage by a 5-methoxypsoralen tan in human skin. AB - Previously untanned buttock skin of 4 volunteers (skin type II; tan with difficulty as they sunburn easily) was treated with various sunscreen preparations and solar--simulated radiation (SSR) or SSR alone for 2 weeks. One week later, the treatment sites were challenged with a DNA-damaging dose of SSR- twice the minimal erythema dose (2 MED). Skin biopsy samples were assayed for the levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis (a measure of DNA damage), melanin distribution, and skin thickening. 5-Methoxypsoralen-containing sunscreen preparations plus SSR or SSR alone induced melanogenesis and increased the stratum corneum thickness, but only the former regimen afforded a high degree of protection against subsequent SSR-induced DNA damage. 5-Methoxypsoralen-free sunscreen preparations plus SSR induced negligible tanning, skin thickening, and photoprotection. These findings are relevant to the risk-benefit analysis of sunscreen preparations, especially in skin type II, as they provide evidence that a 5-methoxypsoralen-induced tan is protective against the DNA-damaging effects of solar UV radiation, and thus has the potential to reduce the carcinogenic risk of exposure to such radiation. PMID- 3237604 TI - On the formation and degradation of melanosomes in smooth muscle cells: electron microscopic investigation on the m. sphincter pupillae of the rat. AB - The electron microscopic investigation of the m. sphincter pupillae of adult black hooded rats showed the presence of melanosomes in the smooth muscle cells. In shape and size the melanosomes were like those of the iridial epithelium. In addition, premelanosomes and tyrosinase activity were observed as well as melanosomes with disintegrated content and acid phosphatase activity. The data suggest that the smooth muscle cells of the m. sphincter pupillae are capable of the formation and degradation of melanosomes. PMID- 3237603 TI - 13C solid-state cross polarization/magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of natural and synthetic melanins. AB - The availability of NMR spectrometers operating in cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) has provided a powerful tool for the structural elucidation of insoluble materials. In this 13C NMR study of eumelanins we report the first direct evidence of the presence of different chemical functionalities in synthetic and natural eumelanins. These spectra contain useful information for the characterization of melanins from different sources. PMID- 3237605 TI - A light-sensitive yellow ommochrome pigment from the house fly. AB - A light-sensitive pigment (lambda max at 430 and 340 nm), extracted in acidic methanol from the Musca domestica heads, showed, in the absorption curve, a plateau at 480-500 nm and a new maximum at 400 nm, after visible light irradiation. The light-sensitive house fly pigment showed spectroscopic and chemical properties of the ommochrome pigments (Butenandt and Schafer: Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Natural and Synthetic, Colouring Matters and Related Fields, Academic Press, New York, pp 13-33, 1962; Bolognese and Scherillo: Experientia 30:225-226, 1974). The treatment of the extracted pigment with a methanol-HClsat. mixture afforded some coloured compounds; two main products were identified by comparison of their chromatographic and spectral properties with authentic samples of 1-oxo-2H-3-carbomethoxy-5-methoxy-11-(fumaroyl-methylester) pyrido [3,2-a] phenoxazine (compound 7) and 1-oxo-2H-3-carbomethoxy-5-methoxy-9 chlorine-11-(fumaroyl-methylester )-pyrido [3,2-a] phenoxazine (compound 8), obtained from the oxidation mixture of 3-hydroxykynurenine methylester (compound 9). PMID- 3237606 TI - Melanocytic carcinogenesis in albino guinea pigs. AB - We describe an experimental model for the induction of cutaneous melanomas in albino guinea pigs by means of repeated topical application of 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene over 13 consecutive months. At the end of the experiment 87.5% of the animals presented multiple lesions of a melanocytic nature. The most frequent and the earliest detected was melanocytic hyperplasia, followed by dysplasia. These lesions occurred in 75% of animals and were observed from the 4th month onward. Nevus-type lesions appeared from the 12th month and affected 70% of animals, whilst melanomas occurred in 65%. Metastases were observed in 45% of animals, in lungs, lymph nodes, kidney, and adrenal gland. PMID- 3237607 TI - Ultraviolet radiation acts as an independent mitogen for normal human melanocytes in culture. AB - Identification of growth factors for normal human melanocytes has been significantly aided by the recent development of in vitro culture systems for this cell. Utilizing such a system, we studied the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on both melanocyte growth and melanization by incorporation of 3H thymidine and 3H-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (3H-DOPA), respectively. 3H-thymidine incorporation was found to be significantly stimulated during the first 24 h following a single irradiation. 3H-DOPA incorporation was stimulated after a delay of 2 days postirradiation. Whereas UVR has long been known to induce melanocyte proliferation in vivo, these studies show that UVR can act as a mitogenic stimulus for this cell independent of the cutaneous environment. UVR can thus be added to a growing list of growth factors for epidermal pigment cells and is the only physical agent conclusively shown to act as a mitogen. Included in this list are substances that act via stimulation of the CAMP-kinase or protein kinase systems such as cholera toxin and phorbol esters. UVR is postulated to induce melanocyte proliferation by modulation of these second messenger pathways. With recent evidence linking growth factors, oncogenes and malignant transformation, this study supports the association between UVR exposure and the development of malignant melanoma, and suggests mechanisms whereby UVR may contribute to malignant transformation of this cell. PMID- 3237609 TI - Pigment types of various color genotypes of horses. AB - Hair samples of various colors of horses were analyzed for content of both eumelanin and pheomelanin by a procedure using high performance liquid chromatography. The results are in accord with generally accepted genetic hypotheses accounting for the various colors. However, the results support the hypothesis that the chestnut/sorrel group of colors is conditioned by the extension locus, not the brown locus. The results also indicate that the brown locus is a likely contributor to some rare color phenotypes. PMID- 3237608 TI - Ultrastructural changes produced in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells by ultraviolet-visible radiation in the presence of melanins. AB - Irradiation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in the presence of pheomelanin, i.e., red hair melanin (RHM), has been reported to produce extensive cell lysis. Irradiation in the presence of eumelanin, i.e., black hair melanin (BHM), or irradiation in the absence of either type of melanin did not produce this effect. We observed that RHM particles penetrated the cell membrane without apparent structural damage to the cell or the cell membrane. Irradiation of the cells in the absence of melanin did not produce any changes in the ultrastructure of the cells. Incubation of the cells in the dark in the presence of RHM produced only minor structural, mainly cytoplasmic changes. Irradiation of the cells in the presence of RHM produced extensive ultrastructural changes prior to complete cell lysis; these changes were more severe than the effects of incubation of the cells in the dark in the presence of RHM. When the cells incubated in the dark or irradiated in the presence of latex particles or either one of the eumelanins particles, viz. BHM or synthetic dopa melanin, these particles did not penetrate into the cells or produce any ultrastructural changes. These particles were in fact not even ingested by the cells. PMID- 3237610 TI - Pigment types in sheep, goats, and llamas. AB - Pigment types in various colors of fiber from sheep, goats, and llamas were assayed by a method using high performance liquid chromatography. In these three species the black/gray group is due to eumelanin, which is fully intense in all three species. Red phenotypes are due to pheomelanin and fade considerably with age in fiber from sheep and goats, but not in llamas. This phenomenon has implications on the genetic mechanisms used in generating white fiber. Brown phenotypes in sheep are due to eumelanin, in goats these phenotypes are equivocal, and they were not observed in llamas. PMID- 3237611 TI - Demonstration of B700 cross-reactive antigens on human and other animal melanomas. AB - B700 is a melanoma-associated antigen originally detected by immunologic and biochemical criteria; it is expressed by several murine melanomas but is not detectable on any normal murine cells, or on murine nonmelanoma neoplasms. We have used antibodies raised against purified B700 to study the presentation of B700 and B700 crossreactive molecules on the surfaces of melanoma cells of various species and origins. The antibodies are shown to bind to all the melanoma cells tested, including five different murine melanoma lines (S91, JB/RH, JB/MS, K1735, and B16), three different B16 sublines (F1, F10, and BL6), three human, one hamster, and two swine melanoma cell lines. These results suggest the candidacy of B700-like molecules as "pan-melanoma" antigens. PMID- 3237612 TI - [The German Society of Pneumonology and Tuberculosis and the German Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Recommendations for diagnosis, staging and surgical therapy of bronchial cancer]. PMID- 3237613 TI - [Studies of the isolated pulmonary artery of rabbits as a contribution to research on the pathogenesis of constrictive reactions of lung vessels]. PMID- 3237614 TI - [The hay dust exposure test in the diagnosis of farmer's lung: dust measurements and testing of control probands]. PMID- 3237615 TI - [Experiences with cytologic results in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in various pneumologic diseases]. PMID- 3237616 TI - [Bronchial asthma due to allergy to African maple]. PMID- 3237617 TI - [Power in the team--intimate aspects]. PMID- 3237618 TI - [Self-help supervision and family counseling of foster care families]. PMID- 3237619 TI - [Experiences of the indications for inpatient psychotherapy treatment of children and adolescents]. PMID- 3237620 TI - ["Good" and "bad" system-oriented therapies: a catamnestic comparative study at a child psychiatric ambulatory setting]. PMID- 3237621 TI - [Between reasonable concern and neurotic anxiety--reactions of adolescents to the danger of HIV infection]. PMID- 3237622 TI - [The mother beneath the mask--on developmental problems of children of adolescent parents]. PMID- 3237623 TI - [Conflicts after divorce--a challenge for counseling and therapy]. PMID- 3237624 TI - Treatments for reducing total vicine in Egyptian faba bean (Giza 2 variety). AB - The response of faba bean 'Vicia faba' (Giza 2 variety) towards soaking conditions differed greatly since the absorbed quantities of water (either by the whole or the decorticated forms) are a function of their chemical constituents. On the other hand, 28.45% of the total vicine (vicine & convicine) present in the whole faba bean samples was extracted after soaking for 72 h at room temperature. Subsequently, other soaking mediums, i.e., 0.5% sodium carbonate and/or 1% acetic acid were used in an attempt to increase the level of vicine elimination. Percentage removal of total vicine in whole faba bean was higher in the acidic (61.31%) than the alkaline (38.40%) medium under the conditions tested, i.e., at room temperature for 72 hours. The rates of vicine + convicine elimination in decorticated faba bean for the acidic acid and alkaline soaking media were 78.46 and 79.13%, respectively. The solubility ratio of total vicine relative to soaking solutions (H2O:Na2CO3:Acetic acid) was 1:1.35:2.16 in the whole broad bean and 1:2.41:2.39 in the decorticated samples. The residual amounts of total vicine (78.33% and 77.27%) present after stewing under normal and under pressure cooking conditions could be expected to be decreased to 30.33% for the former and 29.92% for the later after 72 h of soaking. Regression analysis was used to estimate the theoretical zero point of vicine elimination from faba bean through soaking in 1% acetic acid. PMID- 3237625 TI - Denaturation by heat, sodium dodecyl sulphate and dithiothreitol of globulins and phaseolin from dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). AB - The electrophoretic pattern of the untreated common bean globulin cv. Flor de Mayo had 7 protein fractions ranging from 620 to 120 kilodaltons (kd). The last molecular weight corresponds to the monomeric form. One of the objectives of the present work was to establish a comparison among denaturation by heat, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and dithiothreitol (DTT). At pH 6.0, two bands were resistant to heat treatment, after SDS treatment of the untreated globulin several bands disappeared and two new bands with 26 and 15 kd appeared. DTT did not change the electrophoretic pattern, due to the small quantity of free SH groups in the globulin. At pH 6.0, phaseolin is partly resistant to heat denaturation due to aggregation in an acidic environment. Isoelectrofocusing (IEF) and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) separated phaseolin into 10 protein fractions. The hypothesis is that phaseolin or globulin aggregation is due to the charge difference of fractions. PMID- 3237626 TI - Formulation and characteristics of new recipes of Egyptian patti beans (Falafel). AB - New recipes of Falafel were formulated and evaluated regarding acceptability, proximate chemical composition and nutritive value. Soybean meal and/or cotyledons were used to substitute for faba bean at different levels (i.e. zero %, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. Data indicated that blends of faba bean (20%) and soybean meal and/or cotyledons (80%) were the most acceptable recipes compared to the control (100% faba bean) as well as the other substitution levels. Blending soybean with faba bean led to appreciable improvement in some essential amino acids. The in vitro digestibility for soybean blends were comparable to the control. PMID- 3237627 TI - Amino acid profiles of some under-utilised seeds. AB - Twenty-three seeds of different botanical families growing in India were analysed for their protein content and amino acid compositions. They showed a wide variation in their total protein (8.0 to 42.7%). Some of them were comparable and some were even better than popular food legumes such as kidney bean and chick-pea in protein levels and amino acid compositions. PMID- 3237629 TI - High temperature storage of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for processing--a feasibility study. AB - Tubers of three potato cultivars were stored at room temperature (20-39 degrees C, 30-75% RH), under an insulated storage run on passive evaporative cooling (16 30 degrees C, 70-90% RH) and a refrigerated storage (2-4 degrees C, 90-95% RH) for 14 weeks and studied periodically for storage losses, reducing sugar content and dry matter percent of tubers, in order to explore the possibility of storing potatoes for processing at higher temperatures. Physiological losses in tubers remained less than 10% until 12 weeks of storage under evaporatively cooled storage. Reducing sugar contents increased by only 52.4-242.1% in tubers stored in evaporatively cooled storage as compared to 90.5-484.2% increase in tubers stored in refrigerated storage until 14 weeks. Potatoes stored in evaporatively cooled store were more suitable for processing into chips and french fries due to lower physiological losses and lower reducing sugar content of tubers. PMID- 3237628 TI - Formulation, acceptability, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of novel snack food and meat ball analogue. AB - Potato puree and wheat flour were blended at a ratio of 7:1 w/w with 2 parts per weight of soybean protein concentrate (SPC) and/or faba bean-protein micellar mass (PMM). Two snack foods were formulated and deep fried. Spices, onion, parsley and chicken stock were added to the aforementioned two recipes to formulate meat ball analogues. Data revealed good acceptability of all products. Moreover, they can be considered as a good source for some essential amino acids; protein (approximately 26%); lipids (approximately 20%); carbohydrates (approximately 48%) and minerals. The in vitro digestibility ranged between 61.0% and 66.9%. PMID- 3237630 TI - Nutritional and biological evaluation of tobacco leaf protein concentrate. AB - A tobacco leaf protein concentrate (TLPC) from bidi tobacco leaves was prepared by a heat coagulation method which contained 52% protein and was free from nicotine and polyphenols. When TLPC was fed to weanling wistar albino rats to supplement 25% of the dietary protein, the growth of the animals was found to be comparable to control animals. Reproductive performance of male and female rats fed the TLPC supplemented diet was normal and no histopathological changes were seen in their tissues. PMID- 3237631 TI - Identification and isolation of methionine-cysteine rich proteins in soybean seed. AB - We recently developed a method to identify methionine-containing proteins and quantitate their methionine contents. We applied this method to soybeans and identified relatively methionine-rich proteins (MRP) among the albumins. By acidic methanol extraction of the albumins, we obtained a group of low molecular weight methionine-cysteine rich proteins (MCRP) that analyzed 4.0% methionine and 8.8% cysteine. MCRP made up 1-2% of the total protein in soybeans. Reversed-phase HPLC purification of MCRP yielded a protein peak that exhibited a single major band on denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, had a molecular weight of 16 kD and contained 6.2% methionine and 18.8% cysteine. We are cloning the gene for this protein. Increasing its level through genetic engineering could increase the methionine-cysteine content of soybeans. PMID- 3237632 TI - Preliminary study of the factors that determine nutrient composition of bean cooking broth. AB - Bean cooking broth or liquor is a food preparation that results from cooking beans under a number of circumstances. This preparation is the first bean-derived food provided by mothers to their children as young as two months of age. Because of this, bean cooking plays an important nutritional role that must be evaluated. The present study attempted to evaluate, through a number of experiments, the significance of cultivars, method of cooking--either under atmospheric or vapor pressure--cooking time, salt addition, soaking and grain size on bean broth content. This was established mainly by solid content, and also by protein, ash and tannin content in different experiments. The results indicated that cultivars, but mainly cooking and soaking time, cooking method, and seed size were all important factors in determining brean-broth composition, mainly of total solids. Protein and ash contents were less affected. Prolonged cooking of the bean-broth resulted in a decrease in polyphenolic content. The relative nutritional importance of the above factors should be studied further. PMID- 3237633 TI - Nutritional evaluation of selected Nigerian rubber seed products--a chemical approach. AB - Four Nigerian rubber seed products (whole and shelled rubber seed flours and oils) were subjected to various chemical analyses to provide a basis for their nutritional evaluation. The shelled rubber seed oil was stored for 4 weeks under different temperatures, light and dark conditions and at water activities of 0.33 and 0.95, to assess changes in some of its indices of nutritional quality. From the results of these studies, it would appear that the rubber seed product can meet, to varying degrees, the recommended daily requirements for various nutrients such as protein, fat and mineral elements. The shelled rubber seed oil also promises to be a valuable edible oil with a very low saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio and which is rich in the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid. Generally, dark storage, non-extreme temperature, and a water activity of 0.33 proved to be relatively effective in maintaining the nutritive aspects of the shelled rubber seed oil. PMID- 3237634 TI - Effects of heat treatments and germination on trypsin inhibitor activity and polyphenols in jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L. DC). AB - The application of dry heat to seeds and meal was not effective in inactivating the TI and reducing the polyphenol content. Soaking for 24 h followed by cooking for 20 min, was equally effective in destroying the TI activity. Germination of jack bean seeds for 40 h decreased the levels of TI and polyphenols by 31% and 35%, respectively. PMID- 3237635 TI - Reversed phase HPLC analysis of alpha- and beta-carotene from selected raw and cooked vegetables. AB - Traditional AOAC colorimetric procedures for carotenoid analysis are known to lack specificity and accuracy. Newer HPLC methods provide the investigator with a more precise tool for carotenoid quantification in foods and tissues. In the present studies, reverse phase HPLC was utilized to evaluate the alpha- and beta carotene content in raw and cooked leaves of lettuce, spinach and winged bean as well as in the carrot root. The vegetables were boiled or steamed and the true retention of alpha- and beta-carotene in the cooked products was determined. Boiling for 30 minutes resulted in a 53 and 40% loss of beta-carotene from lettuce and carrots, respectively. Full retention or even an increase in beta carotene content in boiled winged bean leaves and spinach was noted. Steaming resulted in very good retention of alpha- and beta-carotene in all vegetables (83 139% retention). Thus, although cooking procedures (especially boiling) may result in oxidative loss of carotenoids in some vegetables, heat treatment increases the chemical extractability of alpha- and beta-carotene in others. The presence of carotenoproteins in some vegetables may affect the heat stability of extractability of alpha- and beta-carotene. PMID- 3237636 TI - Effect of methanol/acetone/water extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis on the nutritional value of unheated rapeseed proteins. AB - The objective of this work was to study the effect of the extraction of phenols by methanol/acetone/water and proteolysis (pepsin 1 hour; trypsin 2 hours) on the nutritional characteristics of unheated rapeseed protein as measured by weight gain, protein intake, net protein ratio, apparent digestibility and absorbed protein. The effect of proteolysis of the methanol/acetone/water extracted rapeseed protein, and the effect of mixing the methanol/acetone/water extract back with the extracted rapeseed protein was also studied. Extraction of phenolic compounds from rapeseed flour significantly improved weight gain, protein intake, net protein ratio and absorbed protein value. However, the mixing of phenolic extract with the extracted rapeseed protein did not appear to have a significant effect. Enzymatic hydrolysis (1 hour with pepsin and 2 hours with trypsin) of the raw material significantly improved the weight gain and protein intake. The combined methanol/acetone/water extraction and protein hydrolysis treatments were beneficial on all nutritional quality parameters of rapeseed protein. These results suggest that the protein-bound phenolic compounds, rather than the free phenolic compounds contribute mainly to the decrease in the nutritional values of proteins associated with phenolic compounds in raw flour before extraction. PMID- 3237637 TI - [Fine-needle puncture cytology of a solid cystic tumor of the pancreas]. PMID- 3237638 TI - [Case report on the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism: adrenal or ovarian origin?]. PMID- 3237639 TI - [Di George syndrome with "graft versus host" reaction]. PMID- 3237640 TI - [Unusual band-like degeneration of the aortic media as a cause of multiple aneurysms of the thoracic and abdominal aorta]. PMID- 3237641 TI - [Changes in the criteria for detection of asbestos-induced diseases in the new occupational disease ordinance]. PMID- 3237642 TI - Purification and characterization of a new fungal catalase. AB - We purified and characterized a new fungal catalase. The specific activity of the preparation obtained is 1500 UI/mg of protein. We found a molecular weight of 215,000 and a pI of 5.5 for this enzyme. PMID- 3237643 TI - Large scale preparation of calmodulin. AB - A rapid large scale purification procedure based on three conventional purification steps, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE cellulose and hydroxylapaptite chromotography yields gram amounts of calmodulin. The protein is more than 98% pure by SDS gel electrophoresis and amino acid composition. It is free of contaminating EGTA or EDTA and the omission of heat treatment or denaturing solvents during the preparation avoids possible denaturation of the protein and minimizes partial proteolysis. PMID- 3237644 TI - Isolation of transketolase from human erythrocytes. AB - Transketolase was isolated from human red blood cells with over 6,200 fold purification by a new method. The stepwise procedure for the isolation of the enzyme from erythrocyte hemolysate included the use of ethanol/chloroform precipitation, chromatography on hydroxyapatite and finally, affinity adsorption on carboxymethyl-cellulose. The molecular weight of erythrocyte transketolase, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, appeared to be about 140,000. The pH optimum for activity was between 7.6 and 7.8 and the optimum temperature for activity was 50 degrees C. The Km values for xylulose-5-phosphate, ribose-5 phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate were 2.0 x 10(-4) M, 3.2 x 10(-4) M and 2.0 x 10(-3) M, respectively. PMID- 3237645 TI - Isolation of four isomers of the 20,000 dalton variant of human pituitary growth hormone. AB - A simple procedure has been developed which for the first time describes the isolation of isomers of the 20,000 dalton variant of human growth hormone (20K hGH). From a human pituitary hormone concentrate different hGH dimers (covalently and noncovalently linked) were enriched by chromatography on SP-Sephadex C-50, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-100. Noncovalently-linked dimers were split by 6 M urea into 20K hGH and 22K hGH monomers. A complete group-separation of 20K hGH and 22K hGH monomers was achieved by chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B at neutral pH. The 20K hGH monomer was resolved into four isomers either by preparative isoelectric focusing or by zone electrophoresis in agarose suspension at alkaline pH. The three latter techniques were all used in the presence of 6 M urea. Radioimmunoassay and radioreceptorassay indicated that the isomers obtained were true components of human growth hormone. PMID- 3237646 TI - Automated purification of human protein band 3, the major integral protein of the erythrocyte membrane. AB - Human erythrocyte protein band 3 was purified from a Triton X-100 extract of white ghosts. This purification, including an ion-exchange chromatography and a group-affinity chromatography, was automated. The apparatus was assembled from commercially available elements and allowed for the recovery of 2 to 3 mg pure band 3 in 2 hr. The purification could be repeated several times a day. The advantages of automation are discussed. PMID- 3237647 TI - Large scale purification of factor X by hydrophobic chromatography. AB - Factor X is a critical enzyme in the blood coagulation cascade, however, in recent years the coagulation zymogen factor X has received additional interest as a selective proteinase to allow production of functional eukaryotic proteins in a prokaryotic expression system. Traditional factor X purification schemes suffer from low yields, low capacity, lengthy dialysis steps, and contamination by the autoproteolytic activated enzyme factor Xa. By incorporating a reversible inhibitor of factor X activation, we were able to recover 67% of the factor X present without any detectable activated enzyme. Six liters of plasma could be processed onto a 50 mL phenylalanine-Sepharose hydrophobic chromatography column without saturating the matrix. The final product is devoid of detectable proteolytic activity. At time of use, the zymogen is specifically activated with a Sepharose-bound activating enzyme isolated from Russell's Viper Venom, resulting in factor Xa free of other detectable proteinases. PMID- 3237648 TI - Purification and characterization of a methyltransferase from Aspergillus parasiticus SRRC 163 involved in aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. AB - A five step scheme has been developed for the purification of a methyltransferase (MT) from mycelia of 3-day old Aspergillus parasiticus (SRRC 163), which catalyzes one step in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. The S adenosylmethionine (SAM) requiring MT activity is essential for the conversion of sterigmatocystin (ST) to O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST) prior to being converted to aflatoxin B1. The purification of the MT was carried out from cell-free extracts by CDR (Cell Debris Remover, a cellulosic weak anion exchanger, Whatman) treatment, QMA ACELL, Hydroxylapatite-Ultrogel, PBE 94 chromatofocusing and FractoGel TSK HW-50F filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme was only about 0.1% of the total extractable proteins. The pI of the protein was about 5.0 as judged by chromatofocusing. Results of gel filtration chromatography indicated the approximate molecular mass of the native protein to be 160-KDa. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two protein subunit bands of molecular masses approximately 110-KDa and 58-KDa. The molar extinction coefficient of the enzyme at 280 nm was estimated to be 7.87 X 10(4) M-1 cm-1 in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). The reaction catalyzed by the MT was optimum at pH 7.5 and between 25-35 degrees C. The Km of the enzyme for ST and SAM was determined to be 1.8 microM and 42 microM, respectively with an estimated turnover number of the enzyme for ST of 2.2 X 10(-2) per sec. PMID- 3237649 TI - Two quick methods for isolation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. AB - Methods are described which allow the isolation of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (rubisco) in a very short time. Source of the material was highly impure commercial enzyme in the case of spinach rubisco or bacteria grown from a fermentor in the case of Alcaligenes eutrophus rubisco. Purity of the enzymes is demonstrated by gel electrophoreses. Enzyme isolated from fresh cells gave crystals of excellent diffraction, suitable for X-ray structure analyisis. PMID- 3237650 TI - Method for isolation of MMP-7-ase isoenzymes from rat muscle tissue extract. AB - Two MMP-7-ase isoenzymes were purified 100-fold from rat muscle extract to apparent homogeneity, with an overall yield of 10%, using homogenization, ultracentrifugation, high-performance aqueous size-exclusion and high-performance anion exchange chromatography methods. When using a TSK G-2000SW column, the separation resulted in a 6-fold purification and 30% recovery of isoenzymes B and C. This concentrated enzyme extract was then passed through a TSK-DEAE-2SW column, using salt gradient at pH 7.5, with an additional 25-fold purification and 90% recovery of the isoenzymes. Two symmetrical enzyme peaks, representing isoenzymes B and C, were detected when performing purity tests of the active enzymes on the anion exchanger and reversed-phase HPLC columns. The procedures involved are extraction, ultracentrifugation, chromatographies and enzyme assays and require less than five hours. PMID- 3237651 TI - Human choriocarcinoma (JAr) cells grown as multicellular spheroids. AB - JAr choriocarcinoma cells grew as multicellular spheroids, and exhibited a logarithmic pattern of growth, reaching geometric mean diameters of at least 1200 microns after 21 days in culture. HCG, E2 and P4 were secreted into the culture medium throughout the entire culture period, in proportion to spheroid size. This, along with the presence of lipid droplets, non-staining glycogen, Golgi apparatus and microvilli on the spheroid surface and in intercellular spaces indicated that the JAr cells within spheroids were functionally active. While spheroids of less than 800 microns GMD attached to culture dishes and produced cellular outgrowth, larger spheroids showed impaired attachment, and a delay in the subsequent production of outgrowth, which was not correlated with the development of a necrotic core. This outgrowth contained more multinucleated cells and cellular projections than that of smaller spheroids, suggesting that the cells in larger spheroids had undergone early differentiative changes. The spheroid culture system will be applied to the study of processes, such as implantation, which may require a three-dimensional arrangement of placental cells. PMID- 3237653 TI - Flow cytometry in persistent trophoblastic disease. PMID- 3237654 TI - A mass media campaign. Using the mass media in smoking prevention and cessation programs: an introduction to five studies. PMID- 3237652 TI - Passive permeability of ovine amnion and allantois to chloride--gestational changes. AB - The passive permeability to 36Cl of isolated pieces of amnion (112), amniochorion (41) and allantois (54) from 55 pregnant ewes was studied in vitro. There was a significant decrease in the permeability coefficient (K) with increasing age in both amnion and allantois when samples from two age groups (72 to 109; 110 to 147 days of gestation) were analysed. There was a highly significant correlation (P less than 0.001) between amnion permeability and amniotic fluid [Cl-], but none between allantoic permeability and allantoic fluid [Cl-]. Amniotic fluid osmolality decreased significantly over the last third of gestation and was significantly correlated with amniotic fluid [Cl-]. Allantoic fluid osmolality increased with age and did not correlate with allantoic fluid [Cl-]. The anion exchange blocker, SITS, significantly decreased K in the amnion in the younger age group, suggesting that anion exchange through cell membranes may be one route of Cl- movement through the young amnion. The results suggest that the permeability of the amnion may play a role in the regulation of the composition of amniotic but not allantoic fluid in sheep. PMID- 3237655 TI - Three mass media campaigns to prevent adolescent cigarette smoking. AB - This article describes behavioral science theory and formative research used to develop television and radio campaigns for preventing the initiation of cigarette smoking among adolescents. It also presents the content and form of the messages, the plans, and the costs for national implementation of the campaigns. PMID- 3237656 TI - Development of a smoking prevention mass media program using diagnostic and formative research. AB - The process of developing a mass media campaign to prevent smoking among adolescents is described in detail. This campaign supplements a school smoking prevention program and shares educational objectives with the school program but is otherwise independent. It comprises various television and radio 30- and 60 sec "spot" messages. The campaign development process includes identifying educational objectives and strategies for appealing to young people; conducting diagnostic surveys and focus groups to determine target audience interests and perceptions about smoking and media content; suggesting approaches to producers to create preliminary television and radio messages for testing; conducting formative pretests with target groups to select optimal messages and suggest improvements to those messages; producing final messages for media presentation; and developing a media exposure plan to place messages in local media at optimal times for reception by target audiences. The media campaign is being evaluated in a 5-year project with 5,500 adolescents in four communities to determine the additional effect of mass media over a school program alone in preventing smoking. PMID- 3237657 TI - Videotaped materials in a school-based smoking prevention program. AB - The theory used to frame school-based tobacco use prevention programs is general, and such programs are difficult to replicate. This article seeks to offer a model for prevention videotape production, which other researchers can replicate and improve, and to present an analysis of potential merits and drawbacks of such production. To accomplish these goals, this article presents a detailed description of a school-based prevention program and the videotaped materials used in its curriculum. The theoretical and empirical bases for the project are delineated, and the study design is summarized. A detailed outline of the multi grade curriculum program is presented, including the rationale behind critical program features, a description of specific curriculum strands, and the way in which videotaped materials fit into each strand. The rationale for using videotaped materials within the theoretical framework is discussed. Each videotape is briefly described. An account of video production, a process extending over 4 years, is set forth, including the student feedback data that helped to shape the production process, formatting, script decisions, casting, location, and the actual filming procedure. PMID- 3237658 TI - The television school and family smoking prevention and cessation project. 1. Theoretical basis and program development. AB - Program development processes for the Television, School, and Family Project, a school-based smoking prevention and cessation project, are presented in this article. We first review applications of social-psychological and communications theory to school-based and mass media program development. These include the three broad areas of (a) mediators of mass media effects on behavior change, (b) the social influences approach to smoking prevention, and (c) a self-management and social support approach to smoking cessation. A program development model for school-based mass media efficacy trials, with a summary of formative research and pilot study processes, is then presented. The importance of reciprocal support among school district administrators, project research staff, and television station personnel is emphasized with recommendations for future research and demonstration efforts. PMID- 3237659 TI - Mass media campaign--A Su Salud. AB - A mass media health promotion program directed toward reducing future cancer trends among Mexican Americans, the largest subgroup of Hispanics in the United States, by decreasing smoking and encouraging smoking prevention and other health practices is described. Included is an outline of the program design and its significant features and a discussion of social modeling, the theoretical approach which provides a framework for the program. The development of the program, including the role focus groups played in the identification of areas to be targeted by the program, and the production and implementation of the mass media campaign based upon the targeted program areas are also discussed. PMID- 3237660 TI - Nutrient intakes of whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans in southeast Texas. AB - Ethnic groups in the United States exhibit different patterns of cardiovascular disease and cancer morbidity and mortality. This has, in part, been attributed to differences in dietary intake. However, there is limited comparative information available regarding the dietary patterns of whites, blacks, and Hispanics residing in the same geographic area. Selected nutrient intakes were obtained by an interviewer-administered 24-hr dietary recall from 231 white, 102 black, and 98 Mexican-American persons residing in the same communities in Southeast Texas. Mean caloric intakes were highest for whites, followed by Mexican Americans and blacks. Mexican Americans had carbohydrate intakes that were significantly higher, but total fat intakes that were significantly lower, than those of whites. Blacks of both sexes had the highest cholesterol intakes and black males had the highest saturated fat intakes. Neither was significantly higher than that of whites or Mexican Americans. Overall, the mean vitamin A and C values were highest for blacks and lowest for whites, although the differences were not statistically significant. Mean calcium and phosphorus intakes were significantly higher for whites compared with those for blacks and Mexican Americans. Blacks had significantly lower mean fiber values than whites or Mexican Americans. International ethnic differences in disease distribution have long been used to provide clues to etiologic factors. National ethnic differences in disease distribution related to dietary intake can further elucidate these causative and/or preventive factors. However, to do so will require additional attention to dietary methodology of the type presented here. PMID- 3237661 TI - Body size, reproductive factors, and breast cancer survival. AB - Mortality rates among 838 white female breast cancer patients were examined for relationships to personal characteristics assessed at time of diagnosis. These included weight and body mass index, oral contraceptive use, and prior menstrual and reproductive events. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the importance of these characteristics in predicting death rates specific for age and extent of disease at time of diagnosis. Weight was associated with poor prognosis among premenopausal patients, but not among postmenopausal patients. Premenopausal women weighing more than 140 lbs at diagnosis had death rates 1.7 times those of lighter women (P = 0.04). This effect was not explained by differences in the distribution of disease stage between the two groups. Body mass index was positively associated with mortality in both premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. In the entire group, the death rate ratio was 1.4 (P = 0.02) for obese (body mass index greater than 30.4 X 10(-3) lbs/in.2) vs lean women. Among premenopausal patients, parous women had higher mortality rates than nulliparous women (death rate ratio = 2.0, P = 0.06). Although the data were sparse, death rates were higher for women having a full-term pregnancy within 2 years of diagnosis than for premenopausal women with earlier pregnancies. Oral contraceptive use, age at menarche, age at first full term birth, and age at menopause were unrelated to mortality. PMID- 3237662 TI - A survey of physicians' breast cancer early detection practices. AB - Early detection of breast cancer through the use of mammography reduces long-term mortality from this disease, yet relatively little is known about its acceptance by the medical community. As part of a state health department cancer control program planning effort, we contacted 1,004 primary-care physicians in Pennsylvania to ascertain current breast cancer early detection practices. While 92% of the 557 eligible respondents reported conducting breast physical examinations at least annually in asymptomatic women age 50 or older, annual mammograms for this age group were ordered by only 42% of physicians. Obstetrician-gynecologists, as well as female and younger physicians, were more likely to obtain nondiagnostic mammograms regularly. Factors reported by physicians as affecting their practice of obtaining mammograms varied by patient age and, among patients 50 years and older, included the claim that their mammography practices represented optimal care (57% of the physicians), how often the patient visited their office (23%), patient refusal (16%), and cost of the examination (16%). Fear of radiation and expense were cited as the primary reasons for patient refusal. Public and physician education, as well as third party payment changes, was viewed by the physicians as the most effective means to increase the level of breast cancer early detection in their geographic areas. This survey shows that the use of nondiagnostic mammography is still less than optimal, and identifies impediments to screening that need to be addressed in cancer control planning efforts. PMID- 3237663 TI - [Post-thyrotoxic arterial hypertension]. AB - The paper is concerned with the results of a study of the state of central hemodynamics, sympathetic-adrenal and renin-angiotensin systems to reveal their role in the development of postthyrotoxic arterial hypertension. Altogether 147 patients with diffuse toxic goiter before therapy and 114 patients after surgery (subtotal subfascial thyroidectomy after O. V. Nikolaev or its modification) were investigated. In 35 (30.7%) of 114 operated on patients BP values in the long term postoperative period were above 160/95 mm Hg. Hemodynamic indices and the state of the vasoactive system were correlated. In the authors' opinion, raised activity of the sympathetic-adrenal and renin-angiotensin systems observed during decompensation of diffuse toxic goiter and progressing after surgery, led to the transformation of central hemodynamics of the hyperkinetic type into the hypokinetic one, causing the development of postthyrotoxic arterial hypertension. PMID- 3237665 TI - [Hypothalamo-mesencephalic crises in endocrine diseases]. AB - Altogether 261 patients with different vegetative crises were investigated by clinico-neurologic, electro-, rheo-, echoencephalographic methods. The most frequent causes of crises (in 140 patients) were disorders of the hypothalamic and hypothalamo-mesencephalic sections of the brain. In the rest of the patients crises were caused by neuroses, disorders of the caudal zones of the brain stem and temporal region, pheochromocytoma, insulinoma, primary hyperaldosteronism, hypoparathyroidism and other diseases. Criteria of differential diagnosis of hypothalamic crises and crises in neuroses, disorders of the distal sections of the brain stem and temporal lobe epilepsy were specified. Some new, quite informative clinico-neurological and rheo- and electroencephalographic criteria were proposed for the differentiation of hypothalamic crises and crises in pheochromocytoma, insulinoma and primary hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 3237664 TI - [Adrenal cortical function in chronic diseases]. AB - The results of a study of the nature of adrenocortical function in 40 patients with tumorous and nontumorous diseases and in 22 monkeys (P. hamadryas) suffering from hemoblastosis with raised glucocorticoid activity of the adrenal glands were presented. A tendency to a decrease in the levels of pregnenolone, 17 hydroxypregnenolone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (precursors in steroid hormones biosynthesis) and a significant decrease in the level of dehydroepiandrosterone were revealed against a background of high blood levels of cortisol. A conclusion was made that these changes were determined by the utilization of precursors in cortisol biosynthesis and a decrease in dehydroepiandrosterone synthesis. The authors emphasized the similarity of the revealed changes with hormonal imbalance in laboratory primates subjected to chronic stress. A conclusion was made of the nonspecific and adaptive nature of the above changes aimed at the maintenance of a high level of cortisol secretion (during chronic stress) playing an important role in the integration of body nonspecific adaptive processes. PMID- 3237666 TI - [Use of indomethacin in treating euthyroid goiter]. PMID- 3237667 TI - [Effect of neonatal castration on the capacity of the cerebral neurons in the septal complex of male rats to bind sex steroids]. AB - The influence of neonatal castration on neuron capacity to bind septal dorsal, lateral and medial nuclei, Brock's diagonal fold nucleus and terminal streak bed nucleus of radiolabeled sex steroids (3H-testosterone and 3H-estradiol) was studied. Neonatal castration performed on the 1st day of male postnatal life raised the capacity of brain septal complex neurons to uptake sex steroids, mainly 3H-testosterone. The strategic position of the septal complex in the brain and the presence of neurons taking up actively sex steroids indicated an important role of this structure of the limbic system of the brain in the formation of neural mechanisms in the regulation of sex functions in male rats. PMID- 3237668 TI - [Corticosterone receptor binding by various brain structures in extreme body states]. AB - Studies on receptor binding of 3H-corticosterone in different brain structures of mature Wistar rats after a single x-irradiation at a dose of 12.9 mCoul/kg, short term vertical vibration, glucocorticoid application, and surgical adrenalectomy showed a high sensitivity of all studied structures to the body level of glucocorticoids. Any of these influences caused redistribution of receptor binding of 3H-corticosterone in all brain structures, with a marked effect in the parietal cortex and mediobasal hypothalamus, which characterized the central mechanisms of regulation of the pituitary-adrenal system under extreme influences. PMID- 3237669 TI - [Mechanisms of sex differentiation of the level of corticosteroid-binding globulin in rats]. AB - The role of sex steroids was studied at different stages of ontogenesis in the regulation and programming of the level of corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) in the blood serum of female and male rats. The blood concentration of CBG was shown to be a sex determined feature: its level in female rats was a 2.5-fold higher than that in male rats; sex differences of this function of the liver were preserved in a primary culture of hepatocytes. Androgens (A) in adult animals were shown to decrease the level of CBG, and estrogens (E) did not influence the blood level of this protein. Castration of adult males leading to an increase of the level of CBG by 1.5-fold did not eliminate sex differences. However gonadectomy of males on the first day of the life or in prepubertal period (at the age of 3-4 weeks) resulted in complete "feminization" of the CBG content in these animals at the age of 10-12 weeks. Ovariectomy in female rats in the prepubertal period did not influence the level of CBG in adult female rats. The administration of A to females or castrated males did not prevent the development of a high level of CBG at older age. Irreversible suppression of the level of CBG in adult animals could be artificially induced by the administration of A to gonadectomized female and male rats in the prepubertal period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237670 TI - [Metabolism of 3H-corticosterone in the liver cells of intact and adrenalectomized rats]. AB - Subcellular distribution of 3H-corticosterone and its metabolites in liver subcellular fractions of intact and adrenalectomized rats was studied. Corticosterone metabolites were found in the cytosol, microsomes, nuclei and mitochondria of rat liver cells in intact and adrenalectomized rats. The content of metabolites was different in all subcellular fractions. In adrenalectomized rats it was enhanced in the liver microsomes, nuclei and mitochondria which might be accounted for by a raised retention of metabolites by the endoplasmic reticulum membranes, mitochondria and nuclei. PMID- 3237671 TI - [Endocrine mechanisms of a delay in the onset of sexual maturity in female rats after neonatal exposure to cortisol]. AB - A study was made of the effect of neonatal cortisol treatment on maturity development, ontogenesis of the secretion of estradiol by the endocrine glands and its reception in the uterine cytosol in female rats. This treatment caused a considerable delay of the vaginal opening and the onset of the first estrus. An increase in estradiol secretion by the adrenal glands was observed in maturing rats of the study group. Estradiol secretion by the ovaries was not greatly changed. Neonatal cortisol treatment did not influence the development of estradiol reception in the uterine cytosol either. It was assumed that sex developmental disturbance was associated with estradiol hypersecretion by the adrenal glands. PMID- 3237672 TI - [Effect of thymosin (fraction 5) on the development of functional activity of the adrenals and gonads in genetically athymic mice]. AB - The paper is concerned with the effect of thymosin, a hormone secreted by the thymus (fraction 5), on the development of adrenocortical and sex gland functions in genetically athymic mice (nude mutation). Multiple administration of thymosin to mice in the 1st month of their life (0.1 microgram/mouse twice a week) caused the suppression of corticosterone production by the adrenal glands in adult mice aged 2 mos., a considerable rise of the blood level of testosterone in male mice and the reduction of the specific production of estradiol by the ovaries in females. A thymosin-mediated role in the interaction between the immune and endocrine systems in the period of development of their functions was discussed. PMID- 3237673 TI - [Effect of thyroid hormones on calcitonin secretion]. AB - A study of 140 patients with diffuse toxic goiter showed phasic change in plasma calcitonin concentration and blood calcitonin activity: an increase in these indices at early stages of disease with a subsequent decrease in a severe form of thyrotoxicosis. Basal calcitonin secretion by fragments of the thyrotoxic thyroid was much higher than that euthyroid gland. In incubation of paranodal tissue of the thyroid of patients with nodular euthyroid goiter and fragments of the thyroid of patients with thyrotoxicosis of moderate severity with thyroxin at concentration 10(-8) M the level of calcitonin secretion considerably increased, concentration 10(-6) M was ineffective. The thyroid taken peroperatively from patients with diffuse toxic goiter with thyrotoxicosis of a severe form turned out nonreactive with relation to thyroxin concentration 10(-8) M. Basal calcitonin secretion in the study group was within control values. Thyroxin showed the properties of a calcitonin-secretion stimulator. Signs of depletion of the thyroid calcitonin-producing capacity were revealed in the course of development of diffuse toxic goiter. PMID- 3237674 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of actin in Toxoplasma gondii. AB - The localization of actin in the trophozoites of Toxoplasma gondii was examined by means of immunogold staining for electron microscopy. The thin-sectioned specimens were incubated with the IgG fraction of polyclonal antibodies raised against Ascaris body-wall smooth-muscle actin following colloidal gold-conjugated protein A. Electron-dense gold particles were confined to the anterior polar region in the trophozoites: they were found in the conoid, preconoidal rings, possibly in the polar ring, and in the space between the anterior terminal of the inner membrane complex and conoid. The present experiments also suggest interactions of actin with subpellicular microtubules, leading to speculation that the association of actin with microtubules provides a link to myosin, a potential source of power for microtubule-dependent movements. PMID- 3237675 TI - Treatment of fish parasites. 4. Effects of sym. triazinone (toltrazuril) on Monogenea. AB - For chemotherapy in fish parasitized by monogeneans, toltrazuril was tested in vivo and in vitro against gill-parasitizing species (Dactylogyrus vastator, D. extensus, D. cornu, Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae, Diplozoon paradoxum, Dip. homoion) as well as the skin-parasitizing species Gyrodactylus arcuatus. Naturally infected fish were incubated at 20 degrees C for 0.3, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6h in water containing 0.5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 microgram toltrazuril/ml. In general, the damage observed resulted in the vacuolization and lysis of the parasitic tegument. Toltrazuril caused irreversible lesions in the tegument of Dactylogyrus species and Pseudodactylogyrus bini, beginning at a dose of 5 microgram/ml (4-h exposure). In vitro treatment with 10 microgram/ml toltrazuril caused death in Dip. paradoxum and Dip. homoion after 4-80 min, depending on the age of the parasites. Subadult worms were more susceptible to the drug than adults. Specimens of G. arcuatus were severely affected after 1-h exposure to 20 microgram/ml. In all species, the prohaptor and peduncle regions of the specimens were most sensitive to the drug. Treatment of infections of Gyrodactylus species, D. vastator, D. extensus, C. cornu, and P. bini using a water bath with 10 micrograms toltrazuril/ml for 4 h (D. cornu, 15 degrees C; other species, 20 degrees C) is recommended, since then species diagnosis is not needed. Fish with extensive skin lesions caused by net catching or infection by Saprolegnia spp. should be carefully observed during treatment, as these factors decrease their drug tolerance. PMID- 3237677 TI - [Abnormal restoration of the digestive gland of Lymnaea glabra Muller and L. truncatula Muller infested with Fasciola hepatica L]. PMID- 3237676 TI - Expression of glycoconjugates on normally developing and immunologically impaired Hymenolepis diminuta. AB - The carbohydrates on the surface of Hymenolepis diminuta were analyzed with gold labelled lectins, and it was found that the surface coat of the anterior body differs from that of the strobila in its lectin-binding properties. Binding sites for lectins from Abrus precatorius (APA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Glycine max (SBA) and for wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and succinylated WGA were located on the scolex and strobilation zone. Lectin-gold particles attached mainly to the electron-dense spines. The surface coat may therefore expose sugar residues of the N-acetylglucosamine and galactose types. In contrast, the strobila had few binding sites for the above-mentioned lectins but bound concanavalin A (ConA). Lectins from Dolichos biflorus (DBA) and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I) were not bound to H. diminuta. In juvenile worms from rats, the extension of the WGA- and SBA positive region of the strobilation zone increased in length with the development of the worms. Lectin binding in juveniles from mice was similar when the mice had been immunosuppressed with cortisone. After the onset of the immune defense against H. diminuta in nontreated mice, a moderate expression of lectin-binding substance also occurred on the strobila. Destrobilated worms were entirely covered with the N-acetylglucosamine- and galactose-containing glycoconjugates, and it is suggested that these worm remnants correspond to the lectin-binding part of normal, growing juveniles. The presence of the carbohydrates is discussed with respect to the relative resistance of the scolex-strobilation zone of H. diminuta to immune rejection. PMID- 3237679 TI - Reshaping the antibody combining site by CDR replacement--tailoring or tinkering to fit? PMID- 3237680 TI - Molecular origins of the surface activity of proteins. PMID- 3237678 TI - The timing and frequency of hybrid formation in African trypanosomes during cyclical transmission. AB - The frequency of hybrid formation between two Trypanosoma brucei clones during cyclical transmission through Glossina morsitans centralis was analyzed. In two independent experiments, teneral G. m. centralis were infected with an equal mixture of two T. brucei clones showing different homozygous isoenzyme patterns for isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD; E.C.1.1.1.42) and alkaline phosphatase (AP; E.C. 3.1.3.1). Trypanosomes were cyclically transmitted to mice from 23 infective flies and the subsequent bloodstream-form populations were characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Heterozygous patterns for ICD and AP indicated that hybrid formation occurred in at least 9 of the 23 vectors. There was further evidence that extrusion of hybrid parasites with saliva from a single fly was not necessarily continuous but could alter over time with the occurrence of either or both of the homozygous parental clones. PMID- 3237681 TI - The prediction of helix-turn-helix DNA-binding regions in proteins. A reply to Yudkin. PMID- 3237682 TI - A theoretical study of the dielectric constant of protein. AB - The dielectric properties of a protein molecule were investigated by calculating a 'local dielectric constant' with the aid of normal mode analysis. This local dielectric constant was calculated from the electronic polarization of atoms and the orientational polarization of local dipoles. The former was obtained from atomic polarizations of the whole atoms in a protein molecule. The latter was determined from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The degree of dipole fluctuation was calculated from the positional fluctuation of each atom obtained by the normal mode analysis. Assuming a minimum volume for a continuum model, the resulting local dielectric constants ranged from 1 to 20 inside the protein. PMID- 3237683 TI - Secondary structure prediction: combination of three different methods. AB - A combination of three complementary secondary structure prediction methods is presented. The methods used are the GOR III method, the Homologue method and a new method, the bit pattern method, which is based on hydrophilic/hydrophobic residue patterns. For this purpose a hydropathy scale was developed and is presented here. The combination algorithm (Combine method) was designed to take the best results of each method and use their differences in order to improve the prediction. The combination yields 65.5% correctly predicted residues in three states: alpha-helix (H), beta-strand (E) and aperiodic structure (C) which is an improvement ranging from 2.5 to 6.5% compared with the individual methods when tested with a 67-polypeptide chain database. Seventy-five per cent of the regular secondary structure (H and E) runs are correctly located and beta-sheet runs are much better located by the Combine method in comparison to the other methods. PMID- 3237684 TI - Coordinated amino acid changes in homologous protein families. AB - In the tobamovirus coat protein family, amino acid residues at some spatially close positions are found to be substituted in a coordinated manner [Altschuh et al. (1987) J. Mol. Biol., 193, 693]. Therefore, these positions show an identical pattern of amino acid substitutions when amino acid sequences of these homologous proteins are aligned. Based on this principle, coordinated substitutions have been searched for in three additional protein families: serine proteases, cysteine proteases and the haemoglobins. Coordinated changes have been found in all three protein families mostly within structurally constrained regions. This method works with a varying degree of success depending on the function of the proteins, the range of sequence similarities and the number of sequences considered. By relaxing the criteria for residue selection, the method was adapted to cover a broader range of protein families and to study regions of the proteins having weaker structural constraints. The information derived by these methods provides a general guide for engineering of a large variety of proteins to analyse structure-function relationships. PMID- 3237685 TI - Structural models of the evolutionarily conservative central domain of silk-moth chorion proteins. AB - Silk-moth chorion proteins belong to a small number of families: A, B, C, Hc-A and Hc-B. The central domain is an evolutionarily conservative region in each family, of variable length and composition between families. This domain shows clear 6-fold periodicities for various amino acid residues, e.g. glycine. The periodicities, together with the well-documented prevalence of beta-sheet and beta-turn secondary structure of chorion proteins, strongly support a structural model in which four-residue beta-strands alternate with beta-turns, forming a compact antiparallel, probably twisted beta-sheet. Conformational analysis, aided by interactive graphics refinement and recent experimental findings, further suggest that this structure consists of beta-strands, alternating with I' and II' beta-turns, and apparently forms the basis for the molecular and supramolecular assembly of chorion. PMID- 3237686 TI - Improved antigenicity of the HIV env protein by cleavage site removal. AB - The HIV env glycoprotein mediates virus infection and cell fusion through an interaction with the CD4 molecule present at the surface of T4+ lymphocytes. Although env presents a major antigenic target, vaccinia recombinants expressing env elicit low titres of anti-env antibody (Kieny et al., Bio/Technology, 4, 790 795, 1986). To delimit the functional domains of env and to improve the immunogenicity of the vaccinia recombinants we constructed variants expressing env proteins in which the site permitting cleavage of the gp160 precursor to yield gp120 and gp41 was removed, the gp120 and gp41 moieties separated or in which the signal sequence and hydrophobic domains were replaced by equivalents from rabies virus G. Analysis of variants revealed that the gp120 moiety is alone capable of interacting with CD4 and of provoking aggregation of T4+ lymphocytes, whereas cell-associated gp41 liberated by gp160 cleavage was essential for cell fusion. The identity of the signal and transmembrane zones however appeared unimportant. Although removal of the consensus sequence permitting cleavage of gp160 prevented syncytium formation but not aggregation of T4+ lymphocytes, significant cleavage continued to take place. Removal of a second potential cleavage site blocked gp160 cleavage. The live viruses were examined for immunogenicity: recombinant 1139 which lacks both putative cleavage sites was found to elicit a 10-fold higher antibody response in experimental animals than the parental recombinant. PMID- 3237687 TI - A rapid method of calculating charge-charge interaction energies in proteins. PMID- 3237688 TI - 27th Maude Abbott lecture. Cancer development as viewed by a pathologist: a different perspective. PMID- 3237689 TI - The presence of stage II melanosomes (premelanosomes) in neoplasms other than melanomas. AB - Aside from melanomas, other nonmelanocytic pigmented tumors synthesize melanin or contain benign passenger melanocytes. While Stage IV melanosomes (mature melanosomes) occur in neoplasms which synthesize melanin as well as in those with benign companion melanocytes, Stage II melanosomes (premelanosomes), which are found in melanocytes and cells of pigmented nonmelanocytic tumors of neural crest origin, are considered the morphologic hallmark of in vivo melanin synthesis. To test this widely held concept, we studied the ultrastructure of representative malignant melanomas and other pigmented tumors (pigmented variants of the nevocellular nevus, squamous cell carcinoma, schwannoma, basal cell carcinoma, and seborrheic keratosis). Discrete intracytoplasmic Stage II melanosomes were noted in neoplastic cells of tumors of neural crest origin (melanoma, schwannoma, and nevocellular nevus), which are widely believed to synthesize melanin. In addition, they were also detected in neoplastic epithelial cells of a squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and seborrheic keratosis. In these epithelial tumors, a spectrum of melanosomes from Stage II through Stage IV were presumably acquired from nonneoplastic companion melanocytes, which were an integral part of the tumor. Because squamous epithelium has not been shown to synthesize melanin, this study suggests that the finding of intracytoplasmic Stage II melanosomes does not necessarily imply melanin synthesis. When accompanied by melanocytes, epithelial and perhaps other tumors may contain ingested Stage II melanosomes. PMID- 3237690 TI - Pathology of the lymph node and spleen in systemic mast cell disease. AB - The spleen and lymph node are two of the most common organs involved in systemic mast cell disease (SMCD). However, SMCD infiltrates in the spleen and lymph node have a broad spectrum of morphological patterns which can make it difficult to recognize the diagnosis, especially when specimens are examined from patients in whom SMCD is not suspected. We reviewed the pathological features of 16 spleen and 23 lymph node specimens from 19 patients which represented all available material from a series of 58 Mayo Clinic patients with SMCD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathological manifestations of SMCD involvement in the spleen and lymph node and to address difficulties in differential diagnosis. All compartments of the spleen and lymph node were found to be affected by SMCD. SMCD lesions in the spleen were found in a paratrabecular (92%), parafollicular (69%), follicular (15%), and a diffuse red pulp (8%) distribution. In the lymph node, mast cell infiltrates affected the paracortex (88%), the parafollicular region (50%), the follicles (25%), the medullary cords (13%), and the sinuses (6%). Mast cells were frequently found in a perivascular location, and associated eosinophilia was common. Because of the broad spectrum of histological manifestations of SMCD in the spleen and lymph node, a wide range of differential diagnoses is discussed including follicular lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, monocytoid B-cell hyperplasia and lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and Langerhans' cell granulomatosis. PMID- 3237691 TI - Lower incidence of death from chronic renal disease in patients with nonlethal emphysema: a statistical study. AB - Pulmonary emphysema is an extraordinarily prevalent disease, especially among men, and is found in about 40% of all autopsies at this Veterans Medical Center. However, in the great majority of cases, it is an incidental finding, and the individual has died of another lesion, either pulmonary or in another organ system. These facts have permitted the authors to examine the interrelationships between presence or absence of emphysema and the cause of death in a consecutive series of 1033 autopsies. Results show that chronic renal disease is much less common as a cause of death in persons with, than in those without, emphysema. Since emphysema is closely associated with smoking, the data also show a reduction in risk of death from renal disease in smokers. These trends persist, even when individuals who have died from smoking-related diseases are eliminated from the population. Further analyses suggest that it is the presence of emphysema which is mainly responsible for this effect. A likely mechanism for it is proposed. PMID- 3237692 TI - Nonneoplastic lung disease. PMID- 3237693 TI - Pathology of silicon carbide pneumoconiosis. AB - Silicon carbide is a widely used synthetic abrasive manufactured by heating silica and coke in electric furnaces at 2400 degrees C. Until recently it had been considered a relatively inert dust in humans and animals. However, several roentgenologic surveys had revealed lesions similar to low-grade silicosis. A recent epidemiological study has revealed a 35% incidence of pulmonary problems. Tissues from three such workers were available for light microscopy. A mixed pneumoconiosis was found, and lesions can be summarized as follows: (a) abundance of intraalveolar macrophages associated with a mixture of inhaled particles including carbon, silicon, pleomorphic crystals, silicon carbide, and ferruginous bodies showing a thin black central core; (b) nodular fibrosis, generally profuse, containing silica and ferruginous bodies and associated with large amount of carbon pigment; (c) interstitial fibrosis, less prominent than the nodular form; (d) carcinoma in two cases. We believe this pneumoconiosis is sufficiently characteristic to be recognized as a distinct entity. The Stanton hypothesis on fiber properties and carcinogenesis could be applied to silicon carbide dust. At present, it appears that the occupational hazard is limited to the manufacturing process and powdered product used in some industries. PMID- 3237694 TI - Secular trends in atherosclerotic lesions: comparison of two studies of autopsied men conducted in different time periods. AB - The extent and prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries and aortas of deceased 25 to 44-yr-old men, autopsied in New Orleans during two different time periods (1960-64 and 1969-78), were evaluated to determine if changes in lesions had occurred in parallel with reported decreases in coronary heart disease death rates. Results of these evaluations showed that both the extent and prevalence of raised atherosclerotic lesions were significantly less in the coronary arteries of white men in the second time period. No significant difference was detected in black men. In the aorta there were no significant differences between studies in whites, but in blacks, there were significantly more extensive raised lesions in the second time period. These findings strongly suggest that the extent of involvement with atherosclerotic lesions in a given population may change over time. The underlying mechanisms responsible for these secular trends in atherosclerosis merit additional study. PMID- 3237695 TI - Pathology of primary congenital complete heart block. AB - Studies were done on the hearts of 4 infants and 2 adults with the clinical diagnosis of congenital complete heart block (CCHB) and on the hearts of 6 control patients of similar age groups but without any significant arrhythmia. All 6 patients with CCHB had absence of the fibers [approaches to atrioventricular node (AVN)] connecting the atrium and the AVN and common bundle (CB), as well as having partial or complete absence of the AVN. The mothers of 2 of the 4 infants with CCHB had antibodies to Ro antigen, and one mother (with Ro antibody) had evidence of having had active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). One infant developed SLE before the age of 1 yr. In one of the 2 adult cases with CCHB, the patient had evidence of having developed his CHB after birth, and the other adult patient probably had his CCHB since birth. It was suggested that these findings--and others in the literature--could be explained by there being two factors that lead to the occurrence of idiopathic heart block, whether it be truly congenital or acquired later in life: (a) a genetic predisposition to the condition together with (b) a precipitating injury. Thus, a patient with a genetic predisposition to insults to his conducting fibers might develop CCHB in utero due to some insult (e.g., due to damage by circulating anti-DNA antibodies in patients with SLE or by other unknown insults); or the "weak" fibers could be affected later in life by many different injuries--whether viral, hypersensitivity, anoxic, or due to aging. PMID- 3237696 TI - Lectin histochemistry of goblet cells in metaplastic epithelium of human gallbladder. AB - Goblet cells arising in the intestinal metaplasia of chronically inflamed gallbladder were studied by lectin histochemistry and compared with equivalent cells in the small and large intestine. Overall, metaplastic goblet cells reacted more avidly with the majority of lectins and even expressed receptors for lectins that were unreactive with normal intestinal goblet cells. There was, however, considerable variation in lectin binding from one case to another, as well as among the cells of the same specimen. We thus conclude that metaplastic goblet cells in the gallbladder are different from normal intestinal goblet cells, but do not have a uniform lectin binding profile. PMID- 3237697 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the breast. AB - Hemangiopericytoma, an uncommon neoplasm derived from pericytes, occurs in many locations throughout the body. The clinical course of this tumor is variable with the most malignant lesions capable of producing metastases. This report describes 5 patients who had hemangiopericytoma of the breast. All were women between 47 and 57 yr old. The tumors varied from 3.2 to 19 cm (average, 9 cm). Three were treated by mastectomy and two by local excision. All remained disease free for a median duration of 22 mo and for an average of 46 mo (3 to 144 mo). We have found eight additional already published examples of mammary hemangiopericytoma in adult women ranging in age from 33 to 67 yr (average, 51 yr). The tumors averaged 6 cm (1 to 29 cm) in diameter. Three were treated by mastectomy and 5 by excision. All 8 patients remained disease free at last follow-up, averaging 84 mo (16 to 276 mo). Thus, it appears that hemangiopericytoma arising in the breast is a clinically low-grade form of sarcoma regardless of tumor size. Whenever possible, initial treatment should be complete local excision with breast preservation. Total mastectomy may be necessary for exceptionally large lesions. PMID- 3237699 TI - Mucin histochemistry of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus. AB - Histological and histochemical evaluation of 33 biopsies and 8 distal esophagectomy specimens revealed specialized columnar epithelium with intestinal features [intestinal metaplasia (IM)] to be the most common type (91%) of metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus (BE). Junctional epithelium was found in only 3 of the 33 biopsies. The type III subvariety of IM (TIII-M), characterized by the presence of sulfomucins in the non-goblet columnar cells, was found in 58% of all our biopsies and 62% of operative specimens. Six of the 7 cases of epithelial dysplasia were associated with TIII-M; one of them subsequently developed an adenocarcinoma. The transitional epithelium adjacent to adenocarcinomas in the operative specimens also showed TIII-M in five of six cases. Our findings indicate that TIII-M is almost as common in Barrett's-associated carcinoma as in nonneoplastic cases of BE, thereby limiting the usefulness of this histological marker as an indicator of neoplastic change (P = 0.5). On the other hand, TIII-M seems to be significantly associated with mild dysplasia in BE. The value of TIII M as a prognostic indicator regarding the subsequent development of esophageal carcinoma remains in doubt and could be more precisely assessed by a prospective study. PMID- 3237698 TI - Axonal degeneration/necrosis: a possible ultrastructural marker for Crohn's disease. AB - Axonal degeneration/necrosis has previously been demonstrated in the small bowel autonomic nerve plexus of patients with Crohn's disease. It was suggested that this feature might be helpful in the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease from other conditions, specifically ulcerative colitis. We performed a blind prospective study and examined tissue from 34 colonic specimens, in 15 patients, by electron microscopy. Cases of Crohn's disease (3 cases), ulcerative colitis (5 cases), and other controls [adenocarcinoma (4 cases), familial polyposis (1 case), peritonitis (1 case), and radiation colitis (1 case)] were evaluated for inflammation and axonal changes. It was found that only the cases of Crohn's disease showed extensive, seemingly independent, severe axonal changes that were unassociated with other markers of inflammation. This feature may be useful in the differential diagnosis between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3237700 TI - Cytophotometric measurements of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: correlation with pathologic features and clinical behavior. AB - The DNA content of the various neoplastic elements of 12 Feulgen-stained metaplastic breast carcinomas was measured by image analysis. Spindle cell, osseous, chondroid, rhabdomyoid, or squamous cell metaplastic elements comprised at least half of each neoplasm in which an invasive ductal carcinoma component also was identified. The epithelial elements in all of the neoplasms were aneuploid, as was the metaplastic component in 11 of the cases. Multiple stem cell lines were detected in the ductal carcinoma component in 4 cases and in the metaplastic components in 5 cases. Our findings lend support to the view that metaplastic elements are derived from malignant epithelial cells, rather than from benign stromal cells. Neither aneuploidy nor the presence of multiple stem cell lines was a useful predictor of the biologic behavior of these 12 neoplasms. PMID- 3237701 TI - Natural history of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in Tokyo. AB - The natural history of atherosclerosis in Tokyo was explored in 1,206 unselected consecutive hospital and forensic medicine autopsies performed on deceased persons of both sexes aged 0 to 89 yr. The extent of intimal atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries was estimated visually after staining with Sudan IV and recorded as the percentage of intima with fatty streaks (FS) and raised lesions (RL). The extent of atherosclerosis by sex and age was compared in two sources of subjects and various broad disease categories associated with the terminal event causing death. Comparisons of hospital cases with forensic medicine cases, by sex, over five arterial segments and nine 10-yr age groups, did not show significant differences in the extent of atherosclerosis between the two sources of cases. However, RL at all age groups over 40 yr in general showed a tendency to be slightly more extensive in the hospital cases. As is commonly reported for certain other population groups, our results showed more extensive atherosclerosis in Japanese men than in Japanese women. The comparisons of the extent of atherosclerosis among five broad disease categories causing death--coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), cases with evidence of both CHD and CVD (OVL), cases with CHD-related diseases such as diabetes and hypertension (CHD-rel), and all other diseases, accidents, homicides, and suicides (Basal)--showed more extensive atherosclerosis among CHD and OVL cases when compared with the basal group as control reference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237702 TI - Heterogeneity of secretory granules of silent pituitary adenomas. AB - Silent pituitary adenomas were compared with hormonally active tumors taking into account the size, number, and ultrastructural characteristics of secretory granules (SG). The study group (a total of 79 primary pituitary adenomas) comprised 27 silent, 21 growth hormone (GH)-producing-, 16 prolactin (PRL) producing-, 5 GH-PRL-producing- and 10 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) producing adenomas. The SG of silent adenomas were significantly smaller than SG in endocrine active adenomas. All hormonally inactive tumors also contained small (mean, 94 nm) specific cytoplasmic granules, designated "silent adenoma granules" (SIG). The fine structural features of the SIG included: a flocculent, granular material occupying an eccentric position in a larger vesicle limited by a double membrane. In the silent adenomas this particular granule was present in up to 90% of the adenoma cells and constituted approximately 10 to 50% of the granules in each cell. These granules were not seen in hormonally active tumors and considered therefore diagnostic of silent pituitary adenomas. PMID- 3237703 TI - Ultrastructural comparison of arachnoid villi and meningiomas in man. AB - An ultrastructural comparison of arachnoid villi and meningiomas was made in man. Human arachnoid villi basically consisted of four portions: fibrous capsule; arachnoid cell layer; cap cell cluster; and central core. Arachnoid cells had many characteristic structures in common with meningioma cells: plasmalemmal interdigitations; desmosomes; hemidesmosome-like junctions; and cytoplasmic filaments. Both arachnoid villi and meningiomas were characterized by the numerous extracellular cisterns which appeared to form outflow channels of cerebrospinal or serum fluid. Differences between arachnoid villi and meningiomas pertained to cytoplasmic components reflecting the states of permeability of endothelial cells, junctional complexes, and matrix substances of psammoma bodies. Endothelial cells investing the fibrous capsule contained a number of micropinocytotic vesicles and intracytoplasmic vacuoles, but showed no fenestrations. In contrast, meningiomas not only contained numerous micropinocytotic vesicles and intracytoplasmic vacuoles but also exhibited numerous fenestrations. Furthermore, there were a larger number of junctional complexes between arachnoid cells than meningioma cells. Arachnoid villi contained abundant matrix granules while meningiomas contained only a few matrix granules but a larger number of matrix minerals and vesicles, as the presumptive precursors of psammoma bodies. PMID- 3237704 TI - Vascular lesions in lupus nephritis. AB - Three groups of kidney specimens from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined for histologic evidence of vascular lesions in small arteries and arterioles. Group 1 consisted of 24 autopsy kidneys from patients who died before the advent of steroid therapy, and Group 2, of 26 more recent autopsy specimens from patients treated with steroids and/or immunosuppressive drugs. Group 3 comprised 276 renal biopsies. Group 1 showed characteristic subendothelial eosinophilic deposits in small arteries and arterioles of 8 cases; Group 2 showed similar lesions in 5 specimens, while 3 others revealed evidence of resorption of deposits. Deposits were characterized by clumping and were delimited toward the media by a thick basement membrane. Only one case showed necrotizing arteritis resembling polyarteritis nodosa. Group 3 presented vascular deposits in 19 cases and thrombotic microangiopathy in 2. Electron microscopic appearance of some of the deposits is described. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a mixture of IgG, IgA, and IgM in 7 cases, a finding that was not seen in a group of non-lupus patients with various vascular lesions. Vascular deposits are generally rare in systemic lupus erythematosus, although in autopsies widely scattered involvement of arteries and arterioles was seen in nearly 1/3 of the cases. The deposits were more common in male patients. The evolution of the lesions could be followed through various stages to eventual sclerosis, particularly in patients treated with steroids or immunosuppressants. Some deposits appeared to resolve after treatment. Patients with vascular deposits had more severe glomerular disease and a more serious clinical course. Thrombotic microangiopathy appears to be a secondary phenomenon whose pathogenesis is unknown. PMID- 3237705 TI - Morphometric analysis of follicular center cells: a new approach. AB - Accurate and reproducible categorization of follicular center cells (FCC) on the basis of their nuclear size and shape is difficult. In addition, the relationship of cleaved to noncleaved FCC has been questioned. For these reasons, 2126 FCC (and 947 mantle cells) from five plastic embedded reactive lymph nodes were studied using a new morphometric approach. Using an image analyzer, the following nuclear features were studied: area (NA); our previously described shape factors which measure ellipticity (NCIe) and irregularity (NCIni); and a new objective measurement of relative chromatin dispersal (chromatin dispersal index, CDI). Definite clefts and nucleoli were visually identified and recorded. Compared to the mantle cells, FCC nuclei were significantly larger, more elliptical, more irregularly shaped, and had more dispersed chromatin. Among the FCC the only correlation that could be identified between the above parameters was that the larger FCC tended to have more dispersed chromatin (r = 0.46). Significantly more dispersed chromatin was, however, associated with nonclefted cells, less irregularly shaped cells having a NCIni less than the median NCIni, cells with nucleoli, and larger cells having a NA greater than the median NA. Clefted FCC had significantly greater nuclear irregularlity compared to nonclefted FCC but a similar degree of ellipticity. Distribution curves for the NA, NCIe, NCIni, and CDI revealed a continuous range of results rather than a limited number of distinct cell types. The addition of an objective quantitative measurement of chromatin dispersal permits a more complete morphometric description of FCC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237706 TI - A comparison of seven prothrombin time reagents--development of an evaluation strategy. AB - The control of p.o. anticoagulant therapy by the use of prothrombin times or ratios is one of the major functions of a clinical coagulation laboratory. European prothrombin reagents tend to be more sensitive to the effects of p.o. anticoagulants than traditional North American rabbit brain thromboplastin reagents. The clinical importance of this in vitro observation has been emphasized by the results of two recent clinical trials which both suggested that the less intense anticoagulation therapy that results from the use of a European type prothrombin reagent may be safer. To minimize the clinical effects of differences in prothrombin time reagent formulation, a global correction factor has been developed--the international normalized ratio (INR). Despite this advance in international standardization, individual laboratories need a rapid and efficient method to help select the most appropriate prothrombin reagent for the clinical management of their local patient population. This study has examined the response of a variety of commercially available prothrombin time reagents to normal plasmas and those from anticoagulated patients. Using both classical sampling theory and multiple range testing, it was demonstrated that as few as 20 estimations on normal plasmas and 50 on anticoagulated specimens will permit a clinical laboratory to select a suitable prothrombin time reagent for anticoagulant control of their specific local patient population. PMID- 3237708 TI - Need for a symbolic system language. PMID- 3237707 TI - Clinical-pathological correlates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a conference summary. PMID- 3237709 TI - Increased subepithelial collagen deposition is not specific for collagenous colitis. AB - To refine the pathologic diagnosis of collagenous colitis and to determine whether increased subepithelial collagen deposition (SCD) is specific for collagenous colitis (CC), we reviewed histologic sections of 1549 colonic mucosal biopsy procedures obtained from 1332 patients and 157 consecutive colonic resections. Quantitative evaluation of SCD was performed for those patients who showed thickness of SCD that was 5 microns or greater in either biopsies or resections, and the overall histologic and clinical features were correlated. A focal or diffuse increase of SCD greater than or equal to 5 microns was noted in 22 (1.7%) of the patients with biopsies and in 11 (7%) of the cases with resections. An otherwise unexplained, prolonged watery diarrhea was present in 6 (27%) of the 22 biopsy patients but in none of the patients with resections. These 6 patients with unexplained watery diarrhea had significantly greater amounts of SCD than those without this clinical feature both in terms of average thickness (21 microns versus 11 microns; P less than 0.02) and of the percentage of surface epithelium involved (47% versus 15%; P less than 0.02). Also, biopsies and resections with increased SCD from patients without watery diarrhea were all from the rectum and rectosigmoid region. These results lend further support to the nonspecificity of increased SCD and to the importance of the quantity of SCD, rather than its mere presence. In summary, increased SCD is not specific for CC; however, a greater amount of SCD is associated with a greater probability of associated watery diarrhea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237710 TI - Inflation of lung biopsies for frozen section. AB - It is widely accepted that fixation inflation of lung surgical specimens, including open lung biopsies, greatly aids histologic examination and diagnosis. This method is not, however, appropriate for frozen section material. To obviate this problem, we have inflated the specimen with the embedding medium used for frozen section. This procedure provides inflation of the lung sample, increases the ease with which the biopsy is sectioned in the cryostat, and also reduces the shattering commonly seen in standard frozen sections of lung. PMID- 3237711 TI - Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin. AB - Carcinomas histologically resembling nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma have been identified in the salivary gland, thymus, tonsil, and uterine cervix. Five patients with similar tumors primary in the skin are described. The patients ranged in age from 50 to 81 yr. Four neoplasms were situated on the head, and one was located on the shoulder. Microscopically, they were concentrated in the mid- and deep dermis and lacked connections with epidermis. The pattern was of multiple nodules, smaller irregular islands, and cords. The uniform tumor cells had moderate amounts of lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei with one or two prominent nucleoli. A lymphoid infiltrate was intimately associated with each neoplasm and obscured the malignant epithelium in one. Neither squamous nor glandular differentiation was present, but all tumors exhibited intracytoplasmic mucin. Immunohistochemistry was positive for cytokeratin (5 of 5; diffuse) and epithelial membrane antigen (4 of 5; 3 diffuse, 1 focal). Focal reactivity was also noted for carcinoembryonic antigen (1 of 5), neuron-specific enolase (1 of 5), and vimentin (1 of 5). S100 protein, leukocyte common antigen, Factor VIII-related antigen, prostate-specific antigen (males), Leu M1, and salivary amylase reactivity were absent. One patient developed local recurrence and metastases after 39 mo and was dead of disease at 57 mo. The remaining four were free of disease after 46, 27, 25, and 6 mo of follow-up. The diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin is based on microscopic findings and exclusion of occult malignancy. The tumor can be confused with a lymphoid infiltrate and is differentiated from Merkel cell carcinoma primarily on cytologic grounds. The neoplasm may be of adnexal origin. PMID- 3237712 TI - The incidence and carbohydrate histochemistry of dystrophic goblet cells in colon. AB - A total of 512 colectomy and endoscopic biopsy specimens were reviewed to define the prevalence and possibly the significance of dystrophic goblet cells (DGCs) in neoplastic and nonneoplastic colonic diseases. As compared with an incidence of 1% in disease-free specimens, DGCs were observed in 38% of cases of inflammatory bowel disease, 23% of colonic malignancies, 30% of nonneoplastic polyps, 22% of adenomas, and 8% of cases showing acute self-limited colitis. In contrast, no dystrophic cells were seen in a group of miscellaneous diseases including diverticulitis, diverticulosis, abscesses, fistulas, ischemia, pseudomembranous colitis, melanosis coli, amyloidosis, shock, and mechanical trauma. Although dystrophic cells occur in association with dysplasia and carcinoma, their presence in nonpremalignant lesions, including acute self-limited colitis, raises doubt as to their diagnostic significance. Histochemical studies of the mucin composition in DGCs were unrevealing, failing to show any differences between DGCs and their morphologically normal counterparts in the same region of the colon. PMID- 3237713 TI - Touch preparations in the rapid intraoperative diagnosis of central nervous system lesions. A comparison with frozen sections and paraffin-embedded sections. AB - Cytologic preparations provide a rapid, simple method for intraoperative diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Details of cellular morphology are defined sharply, avoiding artifacts often introduced by the frozen section technique. In 100 neurosurgical biopsies performed between 1984 and 1986, touch preparations and cryostat (frozen) sections were made at the time of surgery for preliminary intraoperative diagnosis. To assess the accuracy of each of the diagnostic methods used independently, slides obtained with each of the two techniques were later reviewed retrospectively with appropriate clinical and radiological data, but without knowledge of the final neuropathological diagnoses. When compared with the final diagnoses, intraoperative diagnoses were confirmed in 95 cases. The diagnoses based on cytologic and frozen section techniques were compared with the final diagnoses based on paraffin sections. Touch preparation diagnosis was confirmed by paraffin sections in 76 cases; in 18 additional cases a clinically useful, but nonspecific diagnosis (benign versus malignant, glial versus nonglial) was established by touch preparation. In five cases with firm or rubbery tumors, insufficient cells were imprinted for reliable evaluation, and no definitive diagnoses could be made. Specific cryostat diagnoses were confirmed by paraffin sections in 88 cases; nonspecific diagnoses were made in 11 cases. A single incorrect diagnosis was obtained with each technique. When the two techniques were used together, a specific and accurate diagnosis was achieved in 95 cases. Touch preparations were superior to frozen sections for evaluating soft or highly cellular tumors and for preliminary diagnosis from a minute surgical specimen (i.e., stereotactic biopsy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237714 TI - Posttraumatic lobular squamous metaplasia of breast. An unusual pseudocarcinomatous metaplasia resembling squamous (necrotizing) sialometaplasia of the salivary gland. AB - Squamous metaplasia arising in nonneoplastic breast parenchyma is reportedly rare. We present a unique case which occurred following severe blunt trauma to the right breast of a 59-yr-old woman. The lesion contained sheets of squamous cells with a lobular growth pattern, bland cytology with few mitoses, and keratin and keratohyalin granules. It bore a striking resemblance to squamous (necrotizing) sialometaplasia of the salivary gland in that it exhibited lobular, pseudocarcinomatous growth. The patient has remained free of disease 49 mo after segmental resection of the lesion. Four previous cases of squamous metaplasia of the female breast have been reported, though none presented with a history of trauma or previous surgical manipulation. It is important to differentiate this entity from pure squamous cell carcinoma, and metaplastic change in ductal breast carcinoma, fibroadenoma, and other lesions. Breast aspiration biopsies revealing squamous cells cannot exclude carcinoma; thus, caution must be exercised. PMID- 3237715 TI - X-ray and model-building studies on the specificity of the active site of proteinase K. AB - Proteinase K, the extracellular serine endopeptidase (E.C.3.4.21.14) from the fungus Tritirachium album limber, is homologous to the bacterial subtilisin proteases. The binding geometry of the synthetic inhibitor carbobenzoxy-Ala Phechloromethyl ketone to the active site of proteinase K was first determined from a Fourier synthesis based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction data between 1.8 A and 5.0 A resolution. The protein inhibitor complex was refined by restrained least-squares minimization with the data between 10.0 and 1.8 A. The final R factor was 19.1%, and the model contained 2,018 protein atoms, 28 inhibitor atoms, 125 water molecules, and two Ca2+ ions. The peptide portion of the inhibitor is bound to the active center of proteinase K by means of a three stranded antiparallel pleated sheet, with the side chain of the phenylalanine located in the P1 site. Model building studies, with lysine replacing phenylalanine in the inhibitor, explain the relatively unspecific catalytic activity of the enzyme. PMID- 3237716 TI - Structural analysis of the 2.8 A model of Xylose isomerase from Actinoplanes missouriensis. AB - The structure of Xylose isomerase (X.I.) from Actinoplanes missouriensis has been solved to 2.8 Angstroms resolution. Phases were determined from a single Eu3+ derivative and from the noncrystallographic 222 symmetry of the tetrameric molecule. An atomic model was built and subjected to restrained crystallographic refinement. The resulting model is shown to be closely similar to the recently reported X.I.'s structures from three other bacterial sources. Each monomer is found to be composed of an eight-stranded alpha/beta "T.I.M." barrel forming an N terminal domain of 328 residues followed by a large loop of 66 residues embracing an adjacent subunit. Analysis of intersubunit packing shows that the X.I. tetramer is an assembly of two tight dimers. The beta barrel fits a simple hyperboloid model as other T.I.M. barrels do. The active site, identified as the binding site for the inhibitor xylitol, is located at the carboxyl end of the beta strands in the barrel next to a pair of binding sites for Eu3+ ions, which are assumed to be sites for the divalent ions involved in catalysis. Active sites in the tetramer are oriented towards the interface between dimers. It is suggested that subunit interfaces might stabilize the active site region and this might explain the oligomeric nature of other alpha/beta barrel enzymes. PMID- 3237717 TI - Comparative molecular model building of two serine proteinases from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Two genes that are expressed when precursor cytotoxic T lymphocytes are transformed to T killer cells have been cloned and sequenced. The derived amino acid sequences, coding for cytotoxic cell protease 1 (CCP1) and Hannuka factor (HF) are highly homologous to members of the serine proteinase family. Comparative molecular model building using the known three-dimensional structures and the derived amino acid sequences of the lymphocyte enzymes has provided useful structural information, especially in predicting the conformations of the substrate binding sites. In applying this modelling procedure, we used the X-ray structures of four serine proteinases to provide a structurally based sequence alignment: alpha-chymotrypsin (CHT), bovine trypsin (BT), Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT), and rat mast cell protease 2 (RMCP2). The root mean square differences in alpha-carbon atom positions among these four structures when compared in a pairwise fashion range from 0.79 to 0.97 A for structurally equivalent residues. The sequences of the two lymphocyte enzymes were then aligned to these proteinases using chemical criteria and the superimposed X-ray structures as guides. The alignment showed that the sequence of CCP1 was most similar to RMCP2, whereas HF has regions of homology with both RMCP2 and BT. With RMCP2 as a template for CCP1 and the two enzymes RMCP2 and BT as templates for HF, the molecular models were constructed. Intramolecular steric clashes that resulted from the replacement of amino acid side chains of the templates by the aligned residues of CCP1 and HF were relieved by adjustment of the side chain conformational angles in an interactive computer graphics device. This process was followed by energy minimization of the enzyme model to optimize the stereochemical geometry and to relieve any remaining unacceptably close nonbonded contacts. The resulting model of CCP1 has an arginine residue at position 226 in the specificity pocket, thereby predicting a substrate preference for P1 aspartate or glutamate residues. The model also predicts favorable binding for a small hydrophobic residue at the P2 position of the substrate. The primary specificity pocket of HF resembles that of BT and therefore predicts a lysine or arginine preference for the P1 residue. The arginine at position 99 in the model of HF suggests a preference for aspartate or glutamate side chains in the P2 position of the substrate. Both CCP1 and HF have a free cysteine in the segment of polypeptide 88 to 93.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3237718 TI - Interaction of peptide boronic acids with elastase: circular dichroism studies. AB - Boronic acid derivatives of good peptide substrates of the serine proteases cause slow-binding inhibition, manifested as biphasic binding (Kettner and Shenvi: J. Biol Chem. 259:15106-15114, 1984). These inhibitors are thought to act as reaction-intermediate analogs. Three peptide boronic acids--Ac-Pro-boro-Val-OH, DNS-Ala-Pro-boro-Val-OH, and Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-boro-Val-OH--were chosen for far ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD) studies in order to determine whether the second phase involves a conformational change of pancreatic elastase. The dipeptide is a simple competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.27 microM) and the latter are slow-binding inhibitors (Ki = 16.4 and 0.25 nM, respectively). Spectral deconvolution and correction for the formation of antiparallel beta-sheet by the peptide inhibitor itself indicate that there is no significant change in the secondary structure of the enzyme in either the initial or final inhibitor complex. A kinetic experiment confirmed that the slow-binding step was not associated with a CD spectral change, and that therefore a protein conformational change was not responsible for the slow binding. PMID- 3237719 TI - Diffusion-collision model for the folding kinetics of myoglobin. AB - The diffusion-collision model has been used to analyze the folding kinetics of myoglobin. The microdomains, which are the basic units that coalesce during the folding, are identified with the helices and the stabilizing contacts between helices are determined from the native structure. Both association and dissociation reactions are included and a range of stabilization parameters is investigated to determine the variation in overall rate and the relative contributions made by different intermediates during the folding process. In a comparison of folding to the native state and to the midpoint of the folding transition (i.e., 50% native protein at the completion of the reaction) significant differences in the contributing intermediates are found. PMID- 3237720 TI - Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of PAS and its degradation product m-aminophenol. PMID- 3237721 TI - [Comparative study of the behavior of HPLC stationary phases for the analysis of pilocarpine and its impurities and degradation products]. PMID- 3237722 TI - Control of NSAID dissolution by beta-cyclodextrin complexation. PMID- 3237723 TI - Studies of the effect of pH, temperature and ring size on the complexation of phenytoin with cyclodextrins. PMID- 3237724 TI - [Statistical optimization of sustained-release preparations of sodium diclofenac in the form of inert matrices. I]. PMID- 3237725 TI - [Validation of an HPLC technic for analysis of pilocarpine and its impurities and degradation products]. PMID- 3237726 TI - [Colloid combinations and biological availability of local anesthetics. 9. The disaggregation of mixed micelles]. PMID- 3237727 TI - [Colloid combinations and biological availability of local anesthetics. 10. Interactions between colloid combinations and local anesthetic action]. PMID- 3237728 TI - [The adsorption and stability of preservatives in antacid suspensions. 2. Stability of reaction kinetics]. PMID- 3237729 TI - Temperature dependency of skin permeation of waterborne organic compounds. PMID- 3237731 TI - [Development of an objective test of ocular irritation in mice: clinical pharmacy and biopharmacy. Local anesthetics in single and repeated administration]. PMID- 3237730 TI - Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of copper 1-thioglycoses. PMID- 3237732 TI - Effect of polystyrene beads on dissolution behavior of drugs. PMID- 3237733 TI - Gas chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis of urinary testosterone, androsterone and etiocholanolone. Determinations after a single dose of testosterone. PMID- 3237734 TI - Studies in the field of drugs containing anthraquinone derivatives. XXXVI. The metabolism of cascarosides by intestinal bacteria. PMID- 3237735 TI - Re: Cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity the role of thromboxane A2. PMID- 3237736 TI - Physostigmine and metoclopramide in oesophageal peristaltic spread in man. AB - Simultaneous recordings of electrical and mechanical activities at different levels of the oesophagus were performed in normal men before and after physostigmine and metoclopramide injections. Various parameters of the basal oesophageal peristalsis were significantly modified following drug treatment. In particular, physostigmine injections induced a shortening of electromechanical coupling time and a reduction of the propagation velocities of the electrical and mechanical oesophageal events. Metoclopramide shortened the electromechanical coupling time but increased the electrical and mechanical propagation velocities along the oesophagus. PMID- 3237737 TI - Reduction rate of 14C-Carmoisine by resting cell bacterial suspension from human and rat faeces. AB - 14C-Carmoisine (250/ug; 1.25 x 10(6) dpm) was incubated under strictly anaerobic conditions with resting cell suspension from stool specimens collected from male rats and human male healthy adults. The kinetics of azoreduction was determined as amount of naphthionic acid (NA), the stable metabolite of Carmoisine produced by the activity of the anaerobic bacteria. The analytical determinations were performed by radio-HPLC technique. There were no significant qualitative differences in the radiochromatographic profiles of samples obtained from human and rat flora suspensions. The calculated reduction rates were 5.03 +/- 0.18 nmoles of NA/250/ug protein/min, and 1.72 +/- 0.12 nmoles of NA/250/ug protein/min for rat and human faecal resting cells respectively. From our results it seems that the enzymatic reaction, following zero order kinetics, is similar for the two species and only the reduction rate is different. PMID- 3237738 TI - [Synthesis and melanoma inhibiting properties of 4-alkylpyrocatechol-2-O-beta-D glucopyranosiduronic acids and their esters]. AB - Using two sources of selection, the higher beta-glucuronidase and tyrosinase content of malignant melanomas, new transport forms are synthetized, which are toxified to quinoids, cytotoxic products by the above mentioned enzymes. These transport forms selectively inhibit the growth of melanomas. For instance, 4 methylcatechol-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (3) is synthetized by the reaction of 4-methylcatechol with tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid methyl ester in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid following treatment with alkali. 3 inhibits the growth of B16 melanoma of the mouse significantly. PMID- 3237739 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Part 17: Stereomeric o-, m-tolyl- and anisyl-biphenylyl-hydroxypropionic acids. AB - As a part of wider research project on chiral anti-inflammatory arylacanoic acids, the 3-(o- and m-)-(methyl and methoxy)-phenyl-2-biphenylyl-3 hydroxypropionic acids 3a-d were synthesized and resolved in their optically active erythro and threo stereomers, which were submitted to the carrageenan induced rat paw edema test. With respect to the p-isomers, only the threo p methoxy substitution enhances the anti-inflammatory activity. Some conclusions on structure-activity relationship are discussed. PMID- 3237740 TI - The CNS effects of 5-aminobenzoic acids inhibiting the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. AB - It was found that the 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives 1 activating the biosynthesis of prostaglandins have CNS side effects. The replacement of the 2-NH group in 1 by O or S resulted an inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis and increased CNS activity. PMID- 3237741 TI - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some N-monosubstituted 2-(2-aminothiazol 4-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamides. AB - A short series of N-monosubstituted (aryl, aminoacyl, dipeptidyl)-2-(2 aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z) -2-methoxyiminoacetamides was synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity. A few members showed a somewhat interesting inhibitory action against Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC = 150 micrograms/ml). PMID- 3237742 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of some new pyrimidine and thienopyrimidine derivatives. AB - The readily available 4-mercapto-6-methyl-2-phenyl-5-acetylpyrimidine (1) was alkylated with a variety of activated halomethylene compounds to give the corresponding thieno [2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives 3a-h via the intermediate alkylmercaptopyrimidine derivatives 2b-h. The biological activity of the new compounds was screened against several strains of bacteria. PMID- 3237743 TI - Chemical-analytical characterization of dihydroambazone. AB - Important properties of p-(thiosemicarbazido)diamino-methylen-hydrazino benzene (1; dihydroambazone) are described. The transformation of this compound into 1,4 benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone (2; ambazone) dependent on different aqueous buffer systems was investigated. The spectroscopic behaviour of the transformation product allows us to determine the content of the compound in aqueous solutions, whereas the determination in serum is much more difficult. Furthermore, TLC experiments and oxidation methods are described. PMID- 3237744 TI - Dissolution of metronidazole from oral and vaginal dosage forms in sink and non sink conditions. AB - The pharmaceutical availability of metronidazole from several commercial oral and vaginal dosage forms in sink and non-sink conditions has been examined by measuring the rate of drug dissolution. The results were interpreted by means of reversible and irreversible dissolution models. For non-sink conditions the reversible model was found to better interpret the data. The values of the relative dissolution rate constant, theoretical dissolution time and dissolution efficiency were obtained and discussed. PMID- 3237745 TI - [The pharmacokinetics of 2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol (isometronidazole) in man]. AB - 2 and 4 g isometronidazole, respectively, were administered to two groups of 6 healthy male volunteers (21-29 years, 62-93 kg). The unchanged compound and its nitro group containing metabolites were measured by HPLC and polarography. Isometronidazole was absorbed rapidly, distributed slowly into peripheral compartments and eliminated with half lives of about 12 h. It was not bound to plasma proteins. On an average 70% (2 g) and 80% (4 g), respectively, were excreted into urine within 48 h both unchanged and in form of at least two more polar and/or water soluble metabolites. Distribution and excretion of isometronidazole were not proportional to dose. PMID- 3237746 TI - [The effect of vasoactive drugs on the uptake of adenosine by endothelial cells]. AB - Eight drugs with vasodilatory effect of 32 vasoactive substances tested induce a significant inhibition of uptake of 3H-adenosine by cultivated calf aortic endothelial cells. These results are discussed as potentiation of the vasodilation activity of the drugs by adenosine. PMID- 3237747 TI - Antimicrobial activity of heteroarylazoxycyanides and heteroarylazoxysulphones. PMID- 3237748 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of lidocaine in human plasma]. PMID- 3237749 TI - [Stability test of chloramphenicol-beta-cyclodextrin-containing tablets]. PMID- 3237750 TI - [Tabletting of "inclusion celluloses", an unusual form of activated cellulose]. PMID- 3237751 TI - [The compressibility of nitrazepam crystals]. PMID- 3237752 TI - [Isolation and identification of clemastine metabolites in rat feces]. PMID- 3237753 TI - Reduction of a benzamidoxime derivative to the corresponding benzamidine in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3237754 TI - Genotoxicological study of the local anaesthetic pentacaine in vitro micronucleus test. PMID- 3237755 TI - [The relation between diazepam content in the serum and reaction and attention performance in healthy subjects]. PMID- 3237756 TI - [The effect of the alkaloid narcotine and its diol on small intestinal transit in rats]. PMID- 3237757 TI - Study of local anaesthetics. Part 92: The preparation and some physico-chemical parameters of piperidinoethyl esters of substituted phenylcarbamic acid. PMID- 3237758 TI - A novel non-H1, non-H2 histamine antagonist protects against cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers in rats. AB - A newly synthesized para-diphenylmethane derivative, N,N-diethyl-2-[4 (phenylmethyl)phenoxy]ethanamine-HCl (DPPE), binds with high affinity to the microsomal anti-estrogen binding site (AEBS). Recent data suggest that the DPPE/AEBS binding site is closely related to a novel low-affinity, non-H1, non-H2 histamine site which may be associated with a calcium channel. We previously have shown that DPPE markedly reduces stress-induced and ethanol-induced gastric ulcers and attenuates gastric acid secretion. We now show that DPPE also profoundly reduces cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers in rats. PMID- 3237759 TI - Effects of acute and chronic hyperglycemia on morphine-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in mice. AB - Using the charcoal meal test, the effects of morphine (3, 5 and 7 mg/kg) on gastrointestinal transit was assessed in normoglycemic as well as in acute and chronic hyperglycemic mice. Acute hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of glucose (5.04 g/kg), while chronic hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin injection (200 mg/kg i.p., 7-8 days before). Acute hyperglycemia augmented the inhibitory effect of morphine on gut transit, however, chronic hyperglycemia failed to modify the effects of morphine. The results indicate that hyperglycemia per se may not be the primary mechanism for the altered sensitivity to morphine in experimental models of diabetes. PMID- 3237760 TI - Mechanism of action of the anti-shock effect of CCK-8: influence of CCK antagonists and of sympatholytic drugs. AB - In an experimental model of haemorrhagic shock that causes 100% mortality in rats within 30 min, the intravenous bolus injection (20 micrograms/kg) of sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) induces a prompt and sustained rise in blood pressure and pulse amplitude, all treated animals still surviving at the end of the experiment (2 h). This effect of CCK-8 is completely blocked by reserpine (5 mg/kg i.p.), significantly antagonized by prazosin (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) and yohimbine (1 mg/kg i.v.), and unaffected by practolol (15 mg/kg i.v.) and proglumide (0.2 mg/kg i.v.); it is completely antagonized by the intravenous (0.01-0.05 mg/kg), but not by the intracerebroventricular (0.002 mg/kg) injection of the 'peripheral' CCK antagonist, L-364,718. The present data indicate that the cardiovascular effects of CCK-8 in haemorrhagic shock involve peripheral CCK receptors, and require the functional integrity of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 3237761 TI - Absorption of nicotine from a cigarette that does not burn tobacco. AB - Ten smokers participated in a study to compare the absorption of nicotine from the smoke aerosol of a new cigarette that heats, but does not burn tobacco (test) with a cigarette that burns tobacco (reference). The average plasma nicotine concentrations obtained by the 7th test cigarette (13 ng/ml) and 7th reference cigarette (24 ng/ml) were proportional to the nicotine yielded by the two cigarettes as determined under Federal Trade Commission machine-smoking conditions. These data demonstrate that the smoke aerosol obtained by smoking a cigarette which heats tobacco produces plasma profiles of nicotine that are similar to the profiles obtained from smoking a cigarette that burns tobacco. PMID- 3237762 TI - Animal experiments for estimating the radiation exposure of human subjects by radioactive drugs. AB - The radiation exposure of human subjects is extrapolated from the elimination rate of radioactivity from the plasma and a single determination of the tissue distribution of radioactivity in rats. With an interval of 3-4 half-lives between administration and determination, the radiation exposure of an organ is underestimated only if the elimination rate from the organ is 5.5-12.9 times lower than from the plasma. Determining the elimination rate from the relevant organs is recommendable only if the radiation exposure calculated for the commonly used dose of 100 microCi per volunteer approaches the official yearly limit. PMID- 3237763 TI - In vitro synthesis of fluorescein monoglucuronide. AB - A simple, economical method for the in vitro synthesis of milligram amounts of fluorescein monoglucuronide is presented. The compound can be synthesized in 1 day, and 2 chromatographic steps result in complete purification. The synthetic fluorescein monoglucuronide was found to be identical to biosynthetic fluorescein monoglucuronide by spectrophotometric and fluorometric criteria. PMID- 3237764 TI - M1-selective muscarinic antagonists in peptic ulcer therapy. Proceedings of a workshop. October 2 and 3, 1987, Constance, FRG. PMID- 3237765 TI - Does the prolonged occupancy of M1 receptors by telenzepine protect them against the action of vagally released acetylcholine? AB - The affinities of telenzepine, pirenzepine and atropine for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors have been determined by receptor binding studies using brain cortex and heart membranes of calf and rat. The ratios of affinities of telenzepine and pirenzepine for the cortical M1 receptors, cortical 'non-M1' receptors and cardiac M2 receptors are 50:5:1 and 80:5:1, respectively. The time course of association of telenzepine and pirenzepine with M1 receptors is similar, whereas the half-times for dissociation are 35 and 2.3 min at 37 degrees C, respectively. In further experiments this slow dissociation rate of telenzepine is shown to be rate-limiting for the occupation of M1 receptors by other ligands. The prolonged occupation of M1 receptors by telenzepine is discussed as a possible protective mechanism against acetylcholine released from vagal nerve fibers. PMID- 3237766 TI - An acid-independent antiulcer effect of M1 antimuscarinics in the rat. AB - In the rat, the antiulcer potencies of the M1 antimuscarinics telenzepine and pirenzepine, the H2 receptor blocker cimetidine, and the H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor omeprazole were compared with their antisecretory potencies. On a molar basis and with regard to inhibition of cysteamine-induced acid secretion, telenzepine ranked first, followed by omeprazole, cimetidine, and pirenzepine; cysteamine induced duodenal ulcers were best inhibited by telenzepine, with pirenzepine, omeprazole and cimetidine ranking 2nd, 3rd and 4th. Up to the highest dose tested, cimetidine and omeprazole caused inhibition by 26 and 37%, respectively. While, with the antimuscarinics, lesion inhibition runs parallel with inhibition of acid secretion, the H2 receptor blocker and the H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor markedly impair acid secretion, but do not or merely negligibly inhibit cysteamine-induced formation of duodenal ulcers. This suggests that in this animal model the antiulcer effect cannot be attributed exclusively to the antisecretory action. PMID- 3237767 TI - The influence of the single-event energy-deposition distribution on the signal-to noise ratio in x-ray images in the presence of scattered radiation. AB - The single-event energy-deposition distribution has been included in the signal to-noise ratio for the detection of low-contrast detail in x-ray projection imaging. Calculations for an ideal detector show that this results in a higher signal-to-noise ratio for energy proportional detection than for the counting technique when scattered radiation is present, in contradiction to what has previously been assumed. The difference is less than 20% for photon spectra typical of medical radiography. If scattered radiation is reduced, the difference between energy proportional detection and counting diminishes. For very efficient scatter reduction, counting is slightly better than energy proportional detection. PMID- 3237768 TI - The enhancement of radiographic images from a multiwire camera using a maximum entropy algorithm. AB - The multiwire camera (MWC) produces high speed, quantitative autoradiography of radiolabelled substances in two-dimensional systems. While greatly superior to film-based systems in respect of speed and quantitativity the MWC has significantly poorer spatial resolution (particularly for high energy beta emitting radiolabels) and the performance is ultimately limited by the noise induced in the images by Poisson statistics and counter background. Processing the MWC images with a maximum entropy algorithm significantly improves the performance of the system in these respects. The algorithm has been tested using one-dimensional data taken from images of known tritium, 14C and 125I distributions. Processed images are visually more acceptable with improved quantitative accuracy and spatial resolution. Quantitative accuracy, calculated as the root mean square deviation between an image and the known sample activities, is 10-40% lower for processed images compared with original camera images. Spatial resolution, calculated from slopes in the images representing edges of activity in the sources, is improved by 20-40% for the processed images. The algorithm is used to improve a two-dimensional image from a biological study. The source distribution consisted of a set of circular dots of varying activity. The dots with lowest activity were barely discernible in the raw MWC image but are clearly resolved after processing. The algorithm used is simple and effective and executes acceptably quickly on a personal computer. It should prove useful in any context where the imaging performance of a system is limited by Poisson statistics. PMID- 3237769 TI - A modified x-ray spectra reconstruction technique. AB - We have previously reported on a four-parameter Laplace transform pair model that accurately reconstructs x-ray spectra from attenuation data. However, for some spectra, the model exhibits non-physical characteristics at the higher x-ray energies. This results when one of the fitted parameters, v, is less than or equal to 0.6. Simply limiting the parameter to values greater than 0.6 produces an unsatisfactory result. It is shown that improved accuracy is obtained when the model is applied to a more filtered segment of the attenuation curve. The resulting spectrum is satisfactory for the more filtered beam. One can then reliably construct the original spectrum by mathematically correcting for the additional filtration. PMID- 3237770 TI - Infrared and visible thermoluminescence signals of Tm-doped CaF2 measured by a semiconductor photodiode. AB - A silicon semiconductor photodiode was used to measure the TL-signal of TLD-300 (CaF2:Tm) detectors irradiated with 60Co gamma rays and 226Ra alpha particles. The applied dose values varied from 0.12 to 14.3 Gy for gamma rays and from about 50 to 300 Gy for alpha particles. Because of the infrared sensitivity of the photodiode the infrared emission of the planchet and the TLD-detector produced a high output signal above about 200 degrees C. In addition to this background signal an infrared emission from the TLD-300 detectors could be detected. This infrared TL-signal exhibited the same dose dependences as the visible signal, but the amplitude was higher than that of the visible TL-signal. For the applied photodiode the ratio of the infrared TL-signal to the visible TL-signal was about 24 for the 100 degrees C peak, about 15 for the 150 degrees C peak and 6 for the 240 degrees C peak. PMID- 3237771 TI - The use of difference of Gaussian image filtering to assess objectively the correlation between breast vascularity and breast cancer. AB - The potential of thermography as a screening technique for the early detection of breast cancer was assessed by using difference of Gaussian filtering to isolate and quantify the vascular contents of breast thermograms. Forty-five patients found to have breast cancer and 49 patients who developed breast cancer within 5 years of being screened were paired with normal variants and the thermograms of each group were assessed. No statistically significant separation was resolved between either of the two paired groups implying that the vascular content of isolated thermograms is unable to provide meaningful indications of breast cancer. The processing algorithm, although developed initially for thermograms, is equally valid for other diagnostic imaging techniques and could be of use where it is required to isolate vascularity or other fine detail from larger body structures. PMID- 3237772 TI - Estimation of optical pathlength through tissue from direct time of flight measurement. AB - Quantitation of near infrared spectroscopic data in a scattering medium such as tissue requires knowledge of the optical pathlength in the medium. This can now be estimated directly from the time of flight of picosecond length light pulses. Monte Carlo modelling of light pulses in tissue has shown that the mean value of the time dispersed light pulse correlates with the pathlength used in quantitative spectroscopic calculations. This result has been verified in a phantom material. Time of flight measurements of pathlength across the rat head give a pathlength of 5.3 +/- 0.3 times the head diameter. PMID- 3237773 TI - An electrodeless measuring technique for determining conductivity of biological tissues at radio frequencies. AB - An electrodeless measuring technique for determining the conductivity of biological tissues at radio frequencies is described. The technique is based on measuring magnetic power dissipation in a conducting sample using a tuned circuit when the sample is immersed in a time-varying magnetic field. Theory regarding the measurements is presented. Consideration for coil design is given. Coil construction and measurement techniques are described in detail. The technique has three advantages: errors resulting from electrode lead inductance are completely removed; contacts between tissue surfaces and electrode surfaces are not needed; and maintaining water content and concentration of pH solution inside the tissues during measurements becomes easily facilitated. With the technique, conductivity values of dog kidney at room temperature were obtained in good agreement with previous work. PMID- 3237774 TI - The calculation of induced currents and absorbed power in a realistic, heterogeneous model of the lower leg for applied electric fields from 60 Hz to 30 MHz. AB - The ankle consists mainly of bone and tendon with little muscle. Currents will tend to preferentially flow through the high-conductivity muscle and this can result in very high local values of the specific energy-absorption rate (SAR). This paper presents a finite-difference method to calculate SAR in a realistic, heterogeneous model of the leg below the knee. The structure of the leg is defined by cross-sectional slices from an anatomical atlas which are converted into a 3D model of over 14,000 cells. Four types of tissue are included in the model--muscle, cortical bone, trabecular bone and connective tissue. Displacement as well as ionic currents are considered in a complex potential representation. The current to be injected into the limb model is obtained from the computed coupling of an applied vertical electric field with a 1.8 m tall, homogeneous phantom. Values of the maximum current density and SAR in the ankle from 60 Hz to 30 MHz are presented. Field limits based on a maximum SAR of 20 W kg-1 averaged over 1 g of tissue are given. Sensitivity analyses with regard to the range of tissue electric properties and the ankle cross-sectional area are performed. PMID- 3237775 TI - Three-dimensional magnetic resonance image representation using reflection holography. PMID- 3237776 TI - Paralinguistic variation and invariance in the characteristic frequencies of vowels. AB - It is shown that within-speaker variations in vocal effort and phonation affect fundamental frequency (F0) and the formant frequencies of vowels in the sense of a linear compression/expansion of the spectral separations between them, given an adequate scaling of pitch. Between-speaker variations in size correspond to a translation of the spectral peaks shaped by F0 and the formants if pitch is scaled tonotopically (in Bark). On the basis of these observations, invariant cues to vowel quality are suggested. It is further shown that vowels produced by adult women tend to be phonetically more explicit and, hence, more peripheral in 'vowel space' than those of men and children. It is also shown that the formant frequencies of vowels subjected to paralinguistic variation are related by power functions of frequency. PMID- 3237777 TI - A multidimensional scaling study of esophageal vowels. AB - A multidimensional scaling experiment was conducted to determine the perceptual structure of 11 American English vowels produced by a competent esophageal speaker. Estimates of perceptual distance among these vowels were obtained using a 9-point similarity/dissimilarity scale and were analyzed using an individual differences scaling algorithm (INDSCAL). A three-dimensional perceptual space was produced. The three perceptual dimensions corresponded to tongue advancement, vowel height, and rhotacization. These three dimensions were then correlated with selected bark scale transformed acoustic vowel measurements. The perceptual dimensions 1-3 corresponded most closely to F3-F2, F1-F0, and F3, respectively. Little difference was found between the perceptual structure of esophageal vowels and laryngeal vowels, although it is suggested that the correlation between some of the acoustic measures (such as F0) and the perceptual dimensions may change as a function of individual speaker differences due to postsurgical capabilities (anatomical and physiological) and/or method of voice restoration. PMID- 3237778 TI - Perception of Indonesian vowels spoken in context. AB - The purpose of the present study is to test the perceptual reality of allophonic variation and harmony in Indonesian. Indonesian listeners with different regional backgrounds were asked to predict word identity (CVCV or CVCVC) based on the presence or absence of vowel allophony and harmony. The data show that listeners were sensitive to the spectrally different allophones, but were not in all cases able to use this information in predicting word identity, probably due to experimental artifact. PMID- 3237779 TI - Influences of contextual and local temporal information on perception of a stop consonant after [s]. AB - Much of the perceptual information for a stop consonant in an [s]-stop cluster inheres in temporal properties of the acoustic signal local to the period of low energy corresponding to stop closure. However, stop percepts in this context are also influenced by the rate of speech in a precursor phrase to which the cluster is appended. The two experiments in this paper attempt to explore the dissociability of these local and longer-term perceptual influences, and to investigate the interactions between them. The results of the experiments reveal a complex pattern of interactions which suggests that a simple distinction between segmental and suprasegmental temporal information for phonetic contrasts is unrealistic. PMID- 3237780 TI - Organization committed to direct action supporting animal research formed at Berkeley. PMID- 3237781 TI - Recent changes in NIH peer review system. PMID- 3237782 TI - Taste preferences of squirrel monkeys and bonnet macaques for Polycose, maltose and sucrose. AB - The taste preferences of adult male squirrel monkeys and bonnet macaques for Polycose, maltose, and sucrose solutions were compared in 24 hr/day solution vs. water tests. Solution concentrations of 0.01 M, 0.05 M, 0.10 M, and 0.20 (Polycose) or 0.50 M (maltose and sucrose) were tested. The squirrel monkeys displayed a stronger preference for sucrose than for maltose or Polycose. In fact, at most concentrations tested, the squirrel monkeys did not consume more maltose or Polycose than water. The bonnet macaque monkeys, on the other hand, displayed preferences for maltose and Polycose that were as strong as their sucrose preference. Also, the bonnet macaques' maltose and Polycose preferences exceeded those of the squirrel monkeys. The two species did not reliably differ in their sucrose preferences. The results suggest that bonnet macaques, like rats, have taste receptors for starch-derived polysaccharides, whereas the squirrel monkeys, like humans, may lack such receptors. The taste preference profiles are consistent with the natural food preferences of the two monkey species. PMID- 3237783 TI - Effect of predator exposure upon early pregnancy in mice. AB - Female CD-1 and C57 mice were inseminated according to standard procedures and randomly assigned to varied treatments in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the first experiment, mice housed for one week with preselected nonassaultive rats produced very few litters in contrast to controls. In the second experiment, this same effect was observed when inseminated mice were separated from the rat by a wire grid. In the third experiment, inseminated mice were exposed daily to saline or the urine of male or female rats in their home cage bedding. Fewer females exposed to rat urine of either sex produced litters. PMID- 3237784 TI - A microregulatory analysis of spontaneous fluid intake by humans: evidence that the amount of liquid ingested and its timing is mainly governed by feeding. AB - The characteristics of fluid intake in humans were investigated using a diary self-report method. Thirty-six adult humans were paid to record in a diary, for 7 consecutive days, everything that they either ate or drank, the time that they ingested it, and how thirsty and hungry they were on seven point scales. The diary entries were encoded and entered into a computer. Draughts were identified according to five different bout definitions and three different definitions of fluid amount; total fluid ingested in both solids and liquids, excess fluid ingested above digestive requirements, and total fluid ingested in "drinks." The fluid and caloric compositions of the bouts, the estimated stomach contents at the beginning and end of the bouts, and prebout and postbout intervals were calculated. These variables were then interrcorrelated with univariate and multivariate techniques. Self-rated thirst and hunger were found to be equivalent in magnitude at the beginning of the draughts but self-rated hunger was more closely associated with the prebout interval and stomach contents of food and water than was self-rated thirst. Subjective thirst was found to be negatively related to the amount in the stomach regardless of composition. The amount of fluid ingested, regardless of its definition, was found to be primarily related to the amount of food ingested in the bout, not to the estimated prebout stomach contents or the prebout interval, and only slightly with self-rated thirst. "Drinks" which occurred independent of eating were relatively rare but were strongly correlated with the degree of subjective thirst. The amount of time that would elapse before the subsequent draught, the postbout interval, was related to the amount of food ingested in the bout and not to the amount of liquid ingested regardless of definition. It was concluded that the spontaneous intake of fluid by humans, under ad lib conditions, occurs in excess of requirements, is principly determined in amount and timing by eating, and water balance is left to regulation by the kidneys. PMID- 3237785 TI - Cardiac, ventilatory and behavioural arousal responses evoked by electrical brain stimulation in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). AB - Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were fitted with intracranial stainless steel microelectrodes for electrical evocation of behavioural arousal and its cardiac and ventilatory correlates. Behaviour was monitored on a videosystem and ECG electrodes and a buccal catheter were implanted to monitor physiological responses. Thresholds for responses were described in relation to the current spread likely to excite CNS tissue. Two types of responses were obtained. These were (A) cardiac and ventilatory responses alone, apparently due to stimulation of primary sensory pathways and (B) these responses and behavioural arousal responses which were elicited at higher thresholds. These latter, more complete expressions of arousal resulted from stimulation of the Dm/Dc region of the telencephalon, the dorsal diencephalon and the midbrain tegmentum. Response thresholds were higher and physiological response magnitudes lower in the midbrain tegmentum compared to the forebrain regions. PMID- 3237786 TI - Both prevention of physical contact and removal of distal cues mediate cortisol and vocalization responses of guinea pig pups to maternal separation in a novel environment. AB - Exposure of guinea pig pups to a test cage for 30 min evoked more vocalizations, and among females, higher levels of plasma cortisol if the pups were tested alone than if the mother was present behind a wire-mesh partition. Exposure with the mother behind the partition evoked more vocalizations at the oldest of three test ages, and among females, higher levels of plasma cortisol than did exposure to the test cage with the mother freely accessible. These results indicate that the deprivation of both contact-derived and distal maternal cues contribute to the vocalization response of separated guinea pig pups, and for female pups, to the plasma cortisol elevations evoked by the separation procedure. PMID- 3237787 TI - The meal pattern of rats shifts from postprandial regulation to preprandial regulation when only five meals per day are scheduled. AB - In order to investigate whether an observed difference in the meal patterns of rats and human may be due to constraints that humans have on the timing of meals and their large but infrequent meal pattern, rats had similar constraints imposed on their meal intake. Fifteen male Long-Evans rats were monitored in five individual enclosed chambers equipped with pellet sensing eatometers for three fourteen-day data collection periods. Both groups were monitored in a baseline ad lib condition, then one group (n = 7) was allowed access to food only once every two hours, while the second group (n = 8) was allowed to access only five times per day. Both groups were then monitored for a second ad lib baseline period. The imposition of both schedules reduced meal frequencies and estimated premeal stomach contents, and increased meal sizes and estimated postmeal stomach contents. The imposition of the five meal per day, but not the twelve meal per day schedule of meal access, eliminated the significant relationships between meal size and the postmeal interval evident during baseline conditions and produced significant relationships between meal size and the premeal interval and estimated premeal stomach content, not seen during baseline conditions. The rats under the five meal per day access schedule showed a preprandial pattern of intake very similar to that previously observed in humans eating ad lib. It was concluded that the preprandial pattern, typical of humans, is characteristic of intake involving large infrequent meals which produce stomach filling to an upper limiting threshold. The postprandial pattern, typical of rats, is characteristic of intake involving small frequent meals that are initiated when the stomach empties to a lower threshold. A peripheral, stomach capacity, model then, can be used to explain both the preprandial and the postprandial patterns. Which pattern is used depends upon environmental conditions. PMID- 3237788 TI - Effects of early postnatal gonadal steroids on acquisition and extinction of a single alternation response in discrete-trials lever pressing. AB - The present report studies the effect of sex on the acquisition and extinction of a single alternation schedule of reinforced (R) and nonreinforced (N) trials in a Skinner box. In addition to the investigation of the basic sex differences in Experiment 1, the effects of early gonadal steroids treatment and postpubertal gonadectomy of male and female rats were examined in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Both acquisition and extinction performances were evaluated by means of latency. In Experiment 1, males showed higher latencies on N trials and extinguished faster than female rats. In Experiment 2, female androgenization and male orchidectomy on day one after birth reversed the direction of the sex differences found in the previous experiment. However, postpubertal gonadectomy (Experiment 3) does not affect the performance of male and female rats. PMID- 3237789 TI - Running wheel activity in hamsters with hypothalamic damage. AB - The amount of wheel running activity by hamsters sustaining damage to the suprachiasmatic nuclei, adjacent hypothalamic areas or lateral geniculate nuclei was examined with numerical and actogram methods. The various hypothalamic lesions reduced activity in a region-specific fashion. Damage to the suprachiasmatic nuclei was associated with the most profound decrease in activity. Reduced daily wheel running was not necessarily correlated with lower activity levels as estimated from the actogram. Some animals with greatly reduced activity had actogram records with apparent increases in activity. The inconsistency between the actogram and numerical analysis was the product of an interaction between changes in running rate and length of activity bouts after lesions. These data indicate a role for the suprachiasmatic region in the regulation of level of activity. The analyses also show that the standard actogram can be a very poor index of changes in activity. PMID- 3237790 TI - Effect of running wheel availability on circadian patterns of sleep and wakefulness in mice. AB - Sleep/wake expression in mice varies predictably with circadian phase. Such circadian rhythms are known to depend on intact suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the hypothalamus, but the mechanism by which SCN activity modulates sleep/wake expression is unknown. This paper examines the possibility that circadian patterns of sleep/wake derive partly from circadian timing of waking behaviors that are incompatible with sleep, such as locomotor activity. Voluntary locomotor activity was restricted in five mice adapted to a running wheel by locking the wheel in place. Continuous electrographic monitoring of sleep and wakefulness over multiple circadian cycles revealed: (1) during the active phase, shorter wake bouts and more frequent bouts of sleep, resulting in greater sleep/wake fragmentation and more time spent asleep; (2) during the rest phase, a small compensatory reduction in NREM sleep; (3) reduced amplitude of circadian sleep/wake rhythms and a greater amount of sleep overall. Thus, voluntary locomotor activity has an important influence on sleep/wake expression in mice, and the normal circadian pattern of sleep/wake depends on circadian timing of activity. Previous reports of damped circadian sleep/wake rhythms in rodents may therefore be explained by coincident diminutions in locomotor activity associated with age or health status. Our results also support analogous findings in human subjects, and we propose that elderly humans may benefit from therapies that augment daytime activity. PMID- 3237791 TI - Effects of progesterone on open field behavior of food deprived ovariectomized female rats. AB - The effects of intraperitoneal progesterone administration on the open field behavior of ovariectomized female Wistar rats were studied in two experiments. Subjects were challenged with 5 different doses of progesterone (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg/kg body weight) during 5 successive days of open field testing (5 min a day) in the first experiment. Progesterone dose-dependently decreased rearing and object inspection, but did not affect total ambulation. In the second experiment food pellets were presented in the open field and subjects were repeatedly tested at regular intervals after progesterone administration on each of 5 consecutive testing days. Three doses of progesterone (0, 40, 80 mg/kg body weight) were administered during the final 3 days of the second experiment. Eighty mg/kg progesterone decreased rearing activity, but increased ambulation; motivation to retrieve food pellets was not affected. These effects of 80 mg/kg progesterone were observed at least as long as 2 hours after injection. Forty mg/kg progesterone did not produce such effects. These results, in conjunction with those of other experiments show that progesterone affects open field behavior in a way similar to central depressant drugs. PMID- 3237792 TI - Activation in professional ballet dancers. AB - The purpose of the study was to examine professional ballet dancers' psychophysiological activation in different types of rehearsal and performance. Electrical activity of the trapezius muscle (EMG), blood pressure, heart rate, and skin conductance level were measured. Self-estimated mental tension was evaluated, as was success in the performance. The effect of sex, age, professional experience, artistic status, role, and type of rehearsal and performance was studied. Principals had lower EMG at rest than soloists or corps de ballet dancers. The principals' psychophysiological activation during performance was increased more than that of soloists or corps de ballet dancers as compared to the values at rest. The type of performance had an effect on self estimated mental tension and psychophysiological responses. During the last general rehearsals (with an audience) physiological activation was higher than on first nights or in other performances or rehearsals. PMID- 3237793 TI - A further analysis of behavioral and endocrine effects of unpredictable chronic stress. AB - Tolerance can develop when rats are repeatedly exposed to some predictable stressors. This does not occur, however, when rats are exposed to unpredictable chronic stress. In this study we have analyzed some behavioral and endocrine effects in male and female rats treated daily with unpredictable emotional stressor (ES-groups) or unpredictable physical stressors (PS-groups) over a 14 day period. Animals were then submitted to three behavioral tests at 24 hr intervals. Experiment 1 shows that when rats were tested in an enriched environment both total motor activity and exploration of the novel object were impaired by the PS treatment. This suggests the occurrence of motivational deficit. The fact that the PS-groups also showed increased intratest defecation suggests increased emotionality. When animals were submitted to an emergence test the PS-groups showed longer emergence latency, lower frequency of emergencies and lower time spent exploring the emergence compartment than the ES- and the C group. This strongly supports that the PS treatment increased emotionality in rats. When ES- and PS-groups were exposed to a forced swim test they showed longer immobility duration (despair reaction) but only the PS-group displayed lower frequency of jumps (escape reaction). Results of all tests performed revealed that females were more resistant than males to the behavioral effects of the PS treatment. The day after the behavioral testing was completed, basal levels of corticosterone and prolactin were investigated in male subjects. The PS group showed higher baseline levels of these "stress labile" hormones than the ES and the C-group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237794 TI - The effects of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) on time perception in rats. AB - The hypothesis that DFP alters circadian rhythms by altering the output of an "internal clock" which is also used to time events in behavioral tasks was tested. Since any clock has a mean rate (ticks/unit time) and an associated variance (changes in the rate across time), measures of time perception which depend upon both the mean clock rate and its variance (discriminability, A'), or only the mean clock rate (Bisection Point) were examined. In Experiment 1, two groups of rats were trained to discriminate between a standard duration and six comparison durations of a light. Six weeks following three injections of DFP (1.0 mg/kg/week) or vehicle (saline and 5% alcohol), the discriminability (A') between the standard and comparison durations was reliably reduced for the DFP-treated animals. In Experiment 2, rats were trained to perform on a temporal bisection task. Relative to performance during the weeks following vehicle (peanut oil) treatments, discriminability (A') during the weeks following treatment with DFP (1.0 mg/kg/week) was reliably degraded but measures of the Bisection Point were unaffected. Since Experiments 1 and 2 both used a light duration as a discriminative stimulus, Experiment 3 examined the possibility that DFP treatments produced a change in visual function rather than clock function. Two groups of rats were trained to discriminate between light-on and light-off periods in a standard free-operant successive discrimination paradigm. No changes in discriminability or response rates were evident following two injections of DFP (1.0 mg/kg/week) or vehicle (peanut oil).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237795 TI - Depletion of neurons from preoptic area impairs drinking to various dipsogens. AB - We depleted neurons from the lateral preoptic region (LPO) of rats by iontophoretic application of the neurotoxin kainic acid (KA). Rats with KA induced damage to LPO neurons drank less water than controls after subcutaneous (SC) administration of: (a) 5 ml of a 1.0 M saline solution or (b) 5 ml of a 30% polyethylene glycol (PG) solution. The drinking response to 1.5 mg/kg angiotensin II (AII) was significantly smaller than was that of controls 15 min but not 1 hour after the SC injection. The experimental animals drank as much water as controls under ad lib conditions and showed normal drinking responses to low concentrations of hypertonic saline (0.5 M) or PG (10% or 20%). PMID- 3237796 TI - Baroreceptor sensitivity in two-week-old rat pups: effects of nutrient deprivation and sino-aortic denervation. AB - Resting cardiac rates are reduced 40% by nutrient deprivation in two-week-old rats while arterial pressure is maintained at stable levels. Previous evidence implicated arterial baroreceptors and suggested the hypothesis that the cardiac rate changes result from increased baroreceptor sensitivity following nutrient deprivation. In order to test this hypothesis, cardiac reflex responses were elicited by graded doses of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside before and after nutrient deprivation. Although cardiac rate decelerations in response to phenylephrine were greater in fed pups (p less than 0.05) and acceleration in response to nitroprusside were greater in the deprived condition (p less than 0.01), these could be attributed to 'ceiling' and 'floor' effects of the resting cardiac rates characteristic of the two nutrient conditions. Sino-aortic denervation eliminated cardiac reflex responses, substantiating their dependence on baroreceptor afferents. Regression analysis of cardiac reflex responses to arterial pressure changes failed to show changes in baroreceptor sensitivity that would support the hypothesis. Alternate mechanisms mediating the nutrient effect on cardiac rate (e.g., involving neural and peptide hormonal pathways) should be pursued. PMID- 3237797 TI - Variation in litter size encountered in utero influences the bioenergetic characteristics of adult female mice. AB - This experiment establishes the importance of in utero litter size in shaping the bioenergetic characteristics of the adult female mouse. The potential number of fetuses carried by a pregnant female was reduced to half by blocking one oviduct prior to mating. The resulting offspring were reared in normal sized litters after birth. As adults these female offspring were heavier and they consumed less food than control females who had shared their mother's uterus with a normal complement of fetuses. As assessed with running wheels, females from reduced litters were less than half as active during adulthood as control females. Variation in prenatal litter size apparently has far reaching effects on the acquisition and use of energy by mice. PMID- 3237798 TI - Seemingly discrepant results across studies and random assignment of subjects: an example by using prenatally X-irradiated effect on open-field behavior. AB - Four experiments, in which the prenatally X-irradiated effect on open-field behavior was examined, were repeated as identically as possible, and the magnitude of fluctuation of results across experiments was assessed. Contradictory results among the four experiments in some measures were obtained using the conventional significance test results. A computer simulation experiment which attempted to assess the degree of fluctuation in results due to the chance of subject assignment was administered. The simulation result demonstrated that the conclusion in terms of the conventional significance test results is questionable. The easy logic by which difference in results is attributed always to the difference in methods (strain, procedure, etc.) was criticized. Issues concerning requirement for standardization of methods and replication experiments were also discussed critically. PMID- 3237799 TI - Analgesia produced by vaginal self-stimulation in women is independent of heart rate acceleration. AB - In the present study, the analgesia produced by vaginal stimulation (VS) in women was found to be dissociated from heart rate. The VS-produced analgesia was not accompanied by an acceleration of heart rate. Heart rate acceleration produced by exercise did not result in analgesia. The independence of VS-produced analgesia from this index of autonomic activity is consistent with recent findings in rats. PMID- 3237800 TI - Water intake of Djungarian and Syrian hamsters treated with various dipsogenic stimuli. AB - Djungarian and Syrian hamsters were found to exhibit robust water intake following water deprivation, and in response to hyperosmotic and hypovolumetric challenges to body fluids following injections of hypertonic NaCl and polyethylene glycol, respectively. Water intake was not stimulated following peripheral injections of isoproterenol, serotonin, or angiotensins II or III. Both hypovolema and isoproterenol activated the renin-angiotensin system. This profile of drinking responses in hamsters is similar to that reported previously for mice and degus. PMID- 3237801 TI - Microinjections of local anesthetic into the pontine nuclei reduce the amplitude of the classically conditioned eyelid response. AB - Seventeen rabbits were implanted bilaterally with cannulae into the pontine nuclei, and were then trained in the classically conditioned eyeblink procedure. Nine of the rabbits were trained with a tone as a conditioned stimulus (CS), and eight were trained with both tone and a light CS. After each rabbit had learned the conditioned response (CR) well, testing began. One microliter of 5% lidocaine injected bilaterally significantly impaired the CR amplitude for both tone and light as a CS, although unconditioned response amplitude was not affected. Injection of 1 microliter of isotonic saline did not impair CR amplitude, suggesting that the impairment seen after lidocaine injection was due to the anesthetic action of lidocaine in the pons, and not to nonspecific effects distal to the site of injection. These results support and extend the lesion data which shows that the pontine nuclei and their mossy fiber projection to the cerebellum are necessary for eyeblink conditioning using a peripheral CS. PMID- 3237802 TI - Perturbations of locomotor activity rhythms following suprachiasmatic bungarotoxin infusion. AB - The actions of intracranial injections of alpha bungarotoxin (BTX) on locomotor activity rhythms were examined in male rats. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic region is known to be a locus of high affinity BTX binding although the potential roles of this receptor system are unknown. Rats were stereotaxically implanted with cannulae aimed just dorsal to the SCN (or cortex for control injections). Free-running locomotor activity rhythms in darkness were constantly monitored. Seventy-eight percent (78%) of the animals injected with BTX in the SCN region had phase shifts that were outside the 99% confidence limits of control animals. Infusion of either saline (into the SCN) or BTX into cortex were without effects. Doses of BTX varied from 125 fmol to 600 pmol. At the highest dose a substantial fraction of the animals showed both period changes and loss of rhythmicity as well as phase shifts. Although nearly all of the animals injected with BTX experienced phase shifts the direction of the shifts were not consistently correlated with the circadian time of injection. However, the sensitivity of the animals varied systematically with the smallest shifts resulting after injection at CT12 and CT16. These results argue that BTX does not influence the SCN pacemaker as an entraining signal but does potently perturb the circadian system. PMID- 3237803 TI - Hormonal correlates of sexual behavior in the female musk shrew: the role of estradiol. AB - Plasma levels of several steroid hormones in the female musk shrew, (Suncus murinus), are reported along with experiments on the causational role steroids play in female sexual behavior. Gonadally intact females sampled directly after a brief (about 7 minutes on average) sexual interaction with a male had equivalent plasma levels of estradiol (E2) but significantly higher plasma progesterone (P4) levels than resting females. In Experiment 2, females that engaged in nonsexual activities with conspecifics other than gonadally intact males had plasma levels of E2 and P4 equivalent to those of females that engaged in sexual behavior with males. Taken together, the results of these two experiments suggest that the relatively higher levels of plasma P4 noted in active musk shrews is not a response specific to sexual interactions with males. In Experiment 3, ovariectomized musk shrews were treated with E2 implants. These tonically administered physiological doses of E2 were not able to activate sexual behavior. However, two steroid-sensitive reproductive target tissues, the cervix and flank pad, were responsive to E2 treatment. Supplemental injections of P4 given to E2 treated ovariectomized females were also ineffective in restoring sexual behavior. These results suggest that physiological doses of E2 do not have direct effects on the expression of female sexual behavior in this mammalian species. PMID- 3237804 TI - Summation of baroreflex and classically conditioned heart rate responses in dogs. AB - Following instrumentation with pneumatic cuffs around the inferior vena cava and the descending aorta, dogs were studied either following differential classical conditioning or in a control state. The cuffs functioned to raise and lower blood pressure for the construction of baroreflex curves for heart rate. Conditioned dogs received 8 trials each day with each CS+ (tone paired with flank shock) and CS- (a different tone without shock). Curves were constructed from cuff inflations timed to coincide with the maximum conditioned heart rate response. These curves were constructed from data acquired during infusion of saline, methyl atropine, or propranolol. Comparison of these curves revealed that the CS+ shifted the curves toward higher heart rates while the CS- curve was shifted toward lower heart rates without a change in gain. The amount of shift was comparable to that of the conditioned heart rate response. This suggested that the responses were independent and additive. Neither propranolol nor atropine eliminated this separation between the curves induced by the conditioning. These observations lead us to conclude that classically conditioned stress and baroreceptor stimulation exert independent control over heart rate that are mediated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic influences. PMID- 3237805 TI - Adrenocortical hormone regulation of nicotine sensitivity in mice. AB - The possibility that nicotine-induced corticosterone (CCS) release regulates nicotine sensitivity was investigated in female mice of the C3H strain. Adrenalectomy (ADX) resulted in an increase in nicotine sensitivity as measured in a number of physiological and behavioral tests. In ADX animals, chronic CCS (100 micrograms/ml) administered in the drinking solution normalized nicotine sensitivity. Dexamethasone (DEX), a potent synthetic glucocorticoid which interacts with a distinct population of CNS steroid receptors, did not reverse the effects of ADX. Unoperated animals administered CCS (200 micrograms/ml) were protected from the effects of nicotine for several test battery parameters. ADX had no effect on the number of brain nicotinic cholinergic receptors and also did not alter nicotine metabolism. These data support the hypothesis that CCS secretion modulates nicotine sensitivity in the mouse; however, the mechanisms by which this regulation occurs are unknown. PMID- 3237806 TI - Role of the bulbospongiosus muscles in sexual behavior and fertility in the house mouse. AB - In two studies we investigated the role of the bulbospongiosus muscles (mBS) in the copulatory behavior, fertility, and ex copula reflexes of B6D2F1/J male mice. In Experiment 1, males had the mBS excised (BSx) or underwent a sham surgical procedure (SHx) and were tested for sexual behavior. BSx males had a significantly higher number of breaks (periods after intromission when the penis leaves the vagina and is reinserted without a dismount) per intromissive mount. On all other copulatory measures, BSx and SHx males were statistically indistinguishable. Vaginal smears taken daily from mated females revealed no effect of the male's condition on the rate of pseudopregnancy, but there was a higher rate of pregnancy in females mated to SHx males. In Experiment 2, males were tested for penile reflexes after midthoracic spinal transection. BSx males showed no intense erections, significantly fewer moderate erections, and significantly fewer clusters (series of reflexes separated by less than 15 sec). The results of the two experiments suggest that in mice the mBS contributes to the penile erection necessary to maintain intromission during thrusting. It also appears that in mice, as in rats, the actions of the mBS in promoting the formation of penile cups contribute substantially to fertilization. PMID- 3237807 TI - Response of the rat fetus to acute umbilical cord occlusion: an ontogenetic adaptation? AB - Occlusion of the umbilical cord on days 19, 20 or 21 of gestation results in a stereotypic behavioral response by the rat fetus. The intensity of this response is diminished in older fetuses. Abrupt changes in fetal heart rate accompany the behavioral response to hypoxia. Changes in fetal activity and heart rate appear to be dissociated, however, because bradycardia immediately after umbilical cord occlusion is more pronounced in older fetuses. The possibility that these behavioral and cardiac responses to hypoxia are ontogenetic adaptations restricted to the prenatal period is discussed. PMID- 3237808 TI - Weight, corticosterone and glucose: changes with time of day after food deprivation. AB - The effects of constant food deprivation, terminated at different times of day were examined with respect to percent body weight loss (%BWL), plasma corticosterone (PC) and plasma glucose (PG). A 19-hour food deprivation paradigm schedule staggered around varying times of the day-night cycle was used. Patterns of %BWL related to nocturnal lipogenesis and diurnal lipolysis showed the greatest loss (10%) occurring at 0700 hr, while in evening hours, there was an increasing pattern of weight loss, with the greatest amount (7%) occurring at 2200 hr. A pattern suggestive of neuroregulatory cycles of glucocorticoid release was evident for PC levels; maximum levels for PC (23.2 micrograms%) were reported at 0700 hr and at 1900 hr (16.6 micrograms%). Similar patterns were also noted in PG levels, with respective maximum levels of 138.0 mg% and 125.8 mg% occurring at 0700 hr and 1900 hr. These results indicate that the time of day that a deprivation schedule is initiated and terminated is an important consideration due to the impact of circadian photoperiodism. Time of day should be an essential consideration when utilizing deprivation paradigms. PMID- 3237809 TI - A chronic jugular catheterization for remote blood sampling in freely moving mink. AB - The cannulation method consists of implanting a silastic catheter in the jugular vein. Passing subcutaneously, the catheter emerges on the back between the scapulae. It is protected by a spiral spring and anchored on a support outside the wire pen. Two swivels, the first one at the point of subcutaneous entry of the catheter on the mink, the second one on the emerging catheter at the top of the cage, allow movements of the mink without twisting up the catheter. Using this chronic cannulation system, the effects of handling and anaesthesia on concentrations of plasma PRL and LH have been studied. PMID- 3237810 TI - Vaginal bacterial flora partially determines sexual attractivity of female rats. AB - This study shows that the bacterial flora of the rat's vagina plays a role in the determination of female sexual attractivity. In the experiment described, the change in attractivity of a female rat was monitored during the estrous cycle by using a residential plus-maze. The time that male rats spent in the vicinity of a female rat was used as a measure of the attractivity of that female. The vaginal bacterial flora of one of these females was killed by daily injection in the vagina of an antibiotic solution. It was found that male rats preferred the company of an estrous female with an untreated vagina over the company of an estrous female with a 'sterilized' vagina. This indicates that the vagina produces an olfactory signal which plays a role in her attractivity for a male rat. PMID- 3237811 TI - Tonic immobility and the serotonergic system in chickens: differential blockade of receptors by cyproheptadine and cinanserin. AB - Low doses of serotonin potentiated immobility durations in 2 1/2-week-old chickens (Gallus gallus) while high doses attenuated the response. Cyproheptadine, a serotonergic antagonist, eliminated increases generated by low doses of serotonin and reduced durations in control subjects, but had no effect on the attenuation produced by high doses of the drug. Cinanserin, another serotonergic blocker, also eliminated the potentiation generated by low doses of serotonin and partially reduced the attenuation caused by high doses, but had no effect on immobility durations in control animals. Larger doses of cinanserin eliminated the attenuation produced by high doses of serotonin and increased durations in control subjects. Results are discussed in terms of the differential blockade of various serotonin receptors. PMID- 3237812 TI - Ingestion of low concentrations of sucrose or hydrochloric acid solutions accelerates mortality in rats with cholestatic liver disease. AB - Mortality rates were monitored in bile duct ligated (BDL) rats which were consuming flavor solutions in addition to water and chow. Following ligation of the common bile duct, animals were offered a single concentration of a flavor solution (200 mM NaCl; 400 mM sucrose; 100 mM urea; 5 mM HCl) in addition to water. During three weeks postligation, mortality rates were compared between groups of ligated animals consuming either one of the taste solutions or consuming only water. Within the first five days postligation, mortality was 70% in ligated animals drinking HCl and 50% in animals consuming sucrose, compared to 30% for urea, 10% for sodium chloride and 0% in animals drinking only water. Total mortality of ligated rats consuming HCl or sucrose solutions was significantly increased compared to animals consuming only water. The results suggest that consumption of low concentrations of sucrose or HCl solutions during the initial stages of liver disease in BDL rats may drastically accelerate their mortality rate. PMID- 3237813 TI - Adjustment to intermittent access in rats drinking saccharin: I. Pauses in drinking. AB - Hungry rats drink saccharin solutions avidly. When access to the cylinder is restricted, so that it is available during alternate 30-sec periods rather than continuously, rats adjust to this constraint so that total amount of lapping, over each period of a few minutes each, is defended. We show that the rats achieve this defense, in part, by pausing less often and for briefer periods between bursts. Log-survivorship analysis of the pauses in drinking suggests (a) that they are generated by two processes with different time constants, (b) that early in the session, both processes are suppressed when access is restricted; and (c) that later in the session, pauses reflecting the shorter-term process begin to appear, even if access is restricted. Therefore, adjustment to constraints on access is achieved in part by suppression or inhibition of two processes that generate pauses, and the suppression is relaxed earlier for the one with shorter time constant. PMID- 3237814 TI - Sympathetic-adrenal medullary response to stress in hyperactive and hypertensive rats. AB - Sympathetic-adrenal medullary hyperreactivity to acute stress, measured as an exaggerated elevation of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in response to footshock, was examined in four genetically related, inbred rat strains, all derived from the Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). These four strains are endowed with the traits of hypertension and behavioral hyperactivity, expressed either together (in SHR), or separately in two new strains (Wistar-Kyoto hyperactive rats, WK-HA, and Wistar-Kyoto hypertensive rats, WK-HT), or not at all (in WKY). Male rats of the SHR, WKY, WK-HA and WK-HT strains were subjected to acute footshock stress in order to determine whether the previously reported hyperreactivity of the SHR is attributable to the hypertensive trait, or to the behavioral hyperactivity trait, both of which are characteristic of the SHR. Plasma catecholamine levels were determined prior to, immediately following, and 5 min following acute footshock stress. We report here that the WK-HA strain (hyperactive but not hypertensive) exhibited the hyperreactivity characteristic of SHRs, and not the WK-HT strain (hypertensive but not hyperactive). We conclude that the exaggerated sympathetic adrenal medullary response to acute stress is associated with the hyperactivity trait and not with hypertension among these congenic rat strains. PMID- 3237816 TI - Effect of temperature and expectations on liking for beverages. AB - Three experiments investigated the influence of expectation on liking ratings of beverages at different temperatures. The first confirmed the general belief that people like certain beverages at certain familiar temperatures and dislike them at others. In the second experiment, subjects tasted and rated how much they liked four beverages (chicken bouillon, red wine, fruit punch and water) at three different temperatures (hot, room temperature, and cold) with their eyes closed (beverages not identified by the experimenter) and with their eyes open (beverages identified by the experimenter). They then rated how much they thought they would like these same beverages plus a number of new beverages at the three temperatures. Subjects rated the tastes of the beverages at unfamiliar temperatures (e.g., cold bouillon) when tasting them better than they thought they would. However, even after a few opportunities to taste a beverage at an unfamiliar temperature, expectations about its taste did not change. Experiment 3 successfully altered liking ratings of beverages by changing expectations concerning the temperature at which an unfamiliar beverage is typically consumed. The results argue for an important role for culture-based expectations in determining preferred temperatures for foods. PMID- 3237815 TI - Electrical self-stimulation in the medial and lateral septum as compared to the lateral hypothalamus: differential intervention of reward and learning processes? AB - The characteristics of the electrical self-stimulation behavior elicited from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and from both medial (MS) and lateral (LS) parts of the septal nucleus have been compared in male mice of the BALB/c strain. Using two different experimental situations (the lever-press box and a spatial discrimination test in a Y-maze) the self-stimulation rate-current intensity relations and the performances during both acquisition and reversal of a spatial discrimination were tested successively. In the lever-press box, it was observed that highest self-stimulation rates were obtained from LH placements while both MS and LS rates were lower. However, MS animals showed higher self-stimulation rates and lower self-stimulation thresholds than LS animals. Acquisition of the spatial discrimination in the Y-maze was achieved by all 3 groups with similar time courses. However, when tested for the reversal of the discrimination, the LS implanted mice were much more perturbed than the two other groups and exhibited marked perseveration. The incidence of convulsive episodes was more frequent in LS mice than in either MS or LH implanted animals during both phases of the discrimination task. These differences in the self-stimulation behavior elicited from medial and lateral parts of the septal complex are discussed in relation to the operation of positive reinforcement mechanisms and to internal inhibition processes operating during acquisition and reversal of the spatial discrimination. PMID- 3237817 TI - Blood pressure and heart rate responses of SHR and WKY rat pups during feeding. AB - These studies measured changes in blood pressure and heart rates of 15-day-old SHR and WKY rat pups immediately following milk ingestion using three different methods of milk delivery. In the first experiment milk ejections were induced, using IV oxytocin, from the pups' natural mothers, while in the second experiment ejections were elicited from Marland Farms Wistar foster mothers. In the last experiment cow's milk was delivered using tongue cannulas and no mother was present. In each case we found that the dramatic increases in blood pressure associated with milk ingestion were larger in the SHR pups, while heart rate changes tended to be larger in the WKY. We also found that the dynamics of these cardiovascular responses to feeding were significantly altered by the presence of the mother. PMID- 3237818 TI - Behavioral and neural correlates of postnatal olfactory conditioning: I. Effect of respiration on conditioned neural responses. AB - Following olfactory classical conditioning, infant rats exhibit a preference for the conditioned odor and exhibit enhanced uptake of focal 14C 2-deoxyglucose (2 DG) within the olfactory bulb. The present experiments assessed the role of respiration on the expression of the enhanced 2-DG uptake response. Pups were conditioned from postnatal day (PN) 1-18 with an olfactory stimulus paired with a reinforcing tactile stimulus which mimics maternal contact (Odor-Stroke). Control pups received odor only or tactile stimulation only. On PN 19, pups received 1 of 3 tests: 1) a two-odor choice test, 2) an odor/2-DG test with normal respiration allowed, or 3) an odor/2-DG test with respiration experimentally controlled. The results indicated that: 1) Odor-Stroke pups learned the conditioned odor preference, 2) Odor-Stroke, normally respiring pups exhibited enhanced olfactory bulb 2-DG uptake when compared to control pups. No difference in respiration rate was detected between groups in normally respiring pups. 3) Odor Stroke pups whose breathing was experimentally controlled exhibited enhanced olfactory bulb 2-DG uptake when compared to control pups with an identical number of respirations. Together, these results demonstrate that modified respiration during testing is not required for the expression of a modified olfactory bulb response to learned attractive odors. Therefore, the data suggest that the olfactory system itself is modified by early learning. PMID- 3237819 TI - Activation of aggression in female rats by normal males and by castrated males with testosterone implants. AB - Female hooded rats were continuously housed with an intact male, a castrated male with subcutaneous testosterone implants, or two other females. At weekly intervals over a 10-week period, the cagemate(s) and pups were removed and aggression by the female toward an unfamiliar female intruder was observed over a 15-min period. On the 11th week each female was subjected to this intruder test in an unfamiliar cage. On the 12th week, a final test was conducted in each female's living cage with a male rather than a female as the intruder. The aggressive behaviors recorded were attacks, bites, on-top, and piloerection. Females housed with normal males displayed a significant increase in aggression prior to parturition. Their aggressiveness persisted through the 10th test with peaks at parturition and the start of lactation. Females housed with castrated males also displayed significant increases in aggression but without the peaks associated with parturition and lactation. Their aggressiveness also persisted throughout the test period. Females housed with other females showed a small increase in aggression over weeks. All groups showed virtually no aggression in the unfamiliar cage. All females displayed some aggression toward a male intruder but the level of aggression was highest in maternal females. The results demonstrate that aggression qualitatively similar to that displayed following parturition and during lactation can be elicited in nulliparous females. PMID- 3237820 TI - Magnetic field effects on pineal N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content in the gerbil--role of pigmentation and sex. AB - The ambient geomagnetic field influences a variety of biological phenomena. Electrical and biochemical parameters of the rodent pineal gland are influenced by the alteration of weak magnetic fields (MF), the magnetic receptor probably residing in the retina. However, open questions concern the role of retinal pigmentation as well as species- and sex-specific differences in MF perception. We therefore exposed male and female naturally pigmented and albino Mongolian gerbils, as well as Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to a 60 degrees rotation of the horizontal component of the ambient MF. Alteration of nocturnal pineal melatonin content and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity were utilized as a parameter for assessing magneto-sensitivity. In pigmented gerbils, MF exposure resulted in no significant changes in pineal melatonin synthesis. In contrast, albino gerbils and SD rats exhibited--regardless of sex--significant decreases in pineal NAT activity and melatonin content following MF exposure. These results suggest that in rodents hypopigmentation appears to favor magnetoperception. The available evidence indicates that the pigmentation of the retina could play a crucial role. PMID- 3237821 TI - Old age and sexual exhaustion in male rhesus macaques. AB - The capacity for multiple ejaculations was measured in three groups of rhesus macaques whose ages ranged from 9 to 30 years. Each male was given a test of sexual exhaustion with each of five ovariectomized, estrogen treated females. Sexual exhaustion was defined as a 45-min period without a mount when the males were paired with a female. None of the very old males (25-30 years, N = 4) achieved more than two ejaculations before reaching sexual exhaustion. Old males (19-20 years, N = 5) displayed as many as six ejaculations and fully adult (9-15 years, N = 5) males achieved a maximum of five ejaculations before meeting the criterion of sexual exhaustion. Although very old males mounted as often as younger males they achieved fewer intromissions and the latency to intromission and ejaculation was longer. Mean mount and ejaculation latencies and the postejaculatory interval increased after ejaculation in all age groups. The females were not equally attractive sexually to the males and very old males were especially selective, copulating with only three of the females. PMID- 3237822 TI - Higher CNS control of penile responses in rats: the effect of hypothalamic stimulation. AB - The effect of electrical stimulation of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of the hypothalamus on penile responses in rats was investigated. No females were present and penile responses were observed through the use of an inclined mirror. MPOA stimulation was found to elicit two types of penile responses: penile movement within the sheath and protrusion of the penis outside the penile sheath. While these responses also occurred spontaneously during the nonstimulation control sessions, they occurred in significantly higher frequencies following MPOA stimulation. The results also produced an unexpected finding. While studies on the effect of hypothalamic stimulation on copulation show stimulation-bound effects, MPOA stimulation in the absence of a receptive female consistently triggered penile responses as a poststimulation effect. PMID- 3237823 TI - Submandibular and parotid salivary secretion after electrolytic lesioning of the brainstem nucleus parvocellularis in the rat. AB - The present study, in consonance with recent anatomical investigations, demonstrates that activation of the nucleus parvocellularis in the rat evokes a potent hypersecretory effect in the submandibular and sublingual (S-S) salivary glands. Furthermore, electrolytic lesioning of this region in conjunction with peripheral removal of the parotid glands is followed by an increase in the number of drinking responses in the presence of dry food. Such prandial drinking behavior is only observed after total impairment of salivation (i.e., removal of the S-S + parotid glands), thus suggesting that the parvocellularis lesion led to a marked deficit in S-S salivary secretion. On the other hand, the activation of the nucleus parvocellularis was seen to have only a slight effect on parotid salivary secretion. Electrolytic lesions to this zone, when associated with peripheral removal of the S-S glands, failed to induce prandiality, suggesting that the parvocellularis nucleus exerted a low level of control over parotid salivary secretion. These results are interpreted as functional proof of the relationship between the parvocellularis reticular formation and the superior salivatory nucleus in the secretion of S-S saliva. PMID- 3237825 TI - Spontaneous bodily rotations and direction of locomotion at different times after radio frequency lesions at sites in and near the substantia nigra. AB - Rats were prepared with radio frequency lesions of the dorsolateral or ventromedial regions of the substantia nigra. Other rats were prepared as operated and unoperated controls for each type of lesion. Their behavior was evaluated in an open field at postoperative days 2, 7, 10, and 15. Three types of behavioral changes were observed over time: those noticeable for a brief period, i.e., a few days, after the lesion (rotational behavior), those lasting 7-10 days after the lesion (turning preferences) and those lasting through the end of the experiment that may be permanent (enhanced locomotion). The early effect of the medioventral lesions was pronounced contralateral rotation while the early effect of the dorsolateral lesion was ipsilateral rotation. This effect of the dorsal lateral lesions was reversed on test days 7 and 10. Lesion-induced turning changes associated with forward locomotion were observed on these two test days as well. By 15 days after surgery the only demonstrable effect of either lesion was enhanced locomotion. The results are discussed in terms of various theories of substantia nigra regulation of motor activities. PMID- 3237824 TI - Sucrose-induced hyperphagia and obesity in rats fed a macronutrient self selection diet. AB - Adult female rats were allowed to self-select their diet from separate sources of fat, protein, and carbohydrate (starch). Other rats were fed a composite diet that matched the nutrient composition chosen by the self-selecting rats (50% fat, 28% protein, 22% carbohydrate) or a low-fat, high-carbohydrate chow diet. Half of the rats in each diet condition were given access to a 32% sucrose solution for 30 days. Sucrose availability increased total caloric intake (approximately 20%) and body weight gain in all three groups compared to control groups not fed the sucrose solution. The selection animals compensated for their sucrose intake by reducing their fat intake, and to a lesser degree, their starch intake; protein intake was the least affected by sucrose availability. The selection rats consumed less sucrose than the chow-fed rats and displayed a smaller increase in weight, relative to controls, than the chow-fed rats. These differences were attributed to the high-fat intake of the selection animals since similar results were obtained with the rats fed the composite diet. In particular, both the selection and composite diets produced mild obesity in the absence of sucrose. The results demonstrate that sucrose-induced overeating and overweight is not an artifact of restraining the diet choices of rats to a pure sugar and a nutritionally complete diet. PMID- 3237826 TI - Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and glucose metabolism does not affect food intake or hunger motivation in Syrian hamsters. AB - We examined the interaction of the metabolic fuels, glucose and free fatty acids (FFA), in the control of food intake in Syrian hamsters. Hamsters were treated with a 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) which inhibits glucose utilization, and methyl palmoxirate (MP), which inhibits fatty acid oxidation. The 2DG and MP, alone or in combination did not enhance food intake in hamsters fed a standard rodent chow diet. Determination of the circulating glucose, FFAs, and ketones confirmed that the drugs were having the intended metabolic effects. The 2DG caused marked hyperglycemia and decreased ketones consistent with an inhibition of glycolysis, and the MP caused increased FFAs and decreased ketones indicating inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. A third experiment examined the hamsters' willingness to ingest a diet made highly unpalatable with NaCl, another measure of hunger motivation. Although food-deprived hamsters ingested more of a salt-adulterated diet than did control animals, hamsters treated with MP and 2DG did not. These experiments provide further evidence that the control of food intake in Syrian hamsters is appreciably different than that of laboratory rats. PMID- 3237827 TI - The P300 component in sleep. AB - The present investigation utilized the P300 component of the auditory evoked potential as an index of information processing (discrimination) in sleep. Auditory evoked potentials were recorded to target and nontarget stimuli during sleep stages 3/4, 2 and REM under two probability conditions. Corresponding "nontone" waveforms were generated in each sleep stage, representing averaged EEG activity with no tones presented. Target P300 amplitude was higher than both corresponding "nontone" targets and tone nontargets. Probability did not affect the target-nontarget relationship. Latency of P300 increased and amplitude decreased from wakefulness through sleep; however, neither amplitude nor latency differed among sleep stages. Amplitude and latency of N200 increased during sleep. While N200 amplitude was highest in Stage 3-4, N200 latency did not differ among sleep stages. These findings suggest that the P300 recorded in sleep indexes similar cognitive processes as the P300 recorded in wakefulness. That P300 as well as N200 latency increased in sleep suggests that processes indexed by these components may slow during sleep. PMID- 3237828 TI - Changes in the feeding behavior of rats elicited by histamine infusion. AB - In this study, we examined the effect of a putative neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator histamine (HA) on the feeding behavior to elucidate its physiological function in the central nervous system. Rats were implanted with a cannula into the suprachiasmatic nucleus through which HA was continuously infused for 200 hours with an Alzet osmotic minipump. The food intake was recorded automatically. This infusion resulted in decrease in food intake during the dark period and increase in it during the light period which contributed to the decrease in total food intake and increase in the percentage of food intake during the light period. Percentage of food intake during the light period is a good index of the amplitude of the circadian rhythm. Presumably, HA is concerned not only in the meal size, but also in the chronological aspect of the feeding behavior. The administration of H1-antagonist, pyrilamine, antagonized the HA induced increase in food intake during the light period. These findings suggest that continuous infusion of HA affected the feeding behavior which is possibly mediated through the H1-receptors in rat brain. PMID- 3237829 TI - Effects of photoperiod, the pineal gland and the gonads on agonistic behavior in female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - Four studies were conducted to determine the role of photoperiod, the pineal gland and the gonads in the regulation of intrasex agonistic behavior in female hamsters. In the first experiment animals maintained under Long or Short photoperiods were tested in same or opposite photoperiod pairs. Under both testing conditions, Short-day animals tended to exhibit a higher ratio of offensive to defensive behaviors, which was due primarily to a reduced level of defensive behavior in Short-day groups. In the second experiment animals under Long and Short photoperiods were tested following sham surgery or pinealectomy. Short-day sham animals exhibited the highest level of offensive behavior, the lowest level of defensive behaviors and the highest offensive/defensive ratio; pinealectomy eliminated the Short-day advantage. In the third experiment, Long day animals receiving exogenous melatonin showed a higher level of agonistic responding than animals injected with control vehicle, indicating that Short-day effects are probably mediated through pineal melatonin. The results of the last experiment in which ovariectomy to Long-day animals was not able to mimic the effects of photoperiod or exogenous melatonin indicated that the photoperiod effects on aggression are probably not mediated through the gonads. PMID- 3237830 TI - Event related potentials recorded from rats performing a reaction-time task. AB - We recorded evoked potentials during performance of a reaction-time task, in which rats had to release a lever quickly in response to either a visual or an auditory stimulus for a food reward. We found two distinct peaks in their cortical evoked potentials. The first peak appeared at a fixed time after the stimulus, irrespective of the time it took the rat to release the lever. Its amplitude decreased with increasing reaction time. The second peak's latency was always longer when the rat took more time to release the lever, but its amplitude did not change. We believe that the first peak's amplitude is determined by the rat's "attention" to the stimulus, whereas the second peak's latency is related to the rat's "intention" to release the lever. PMID- 3237831 TI - Rhythms in behaviors, body temperature and plasma corticosterone in SCN lesioned rats given methamphetamine. AB - In aperiodic rats with lesions in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), rhythms with a circadian period in spontaneous locomotion, wheel-running, feeding, drinking, body temperature and plasma corticosterone were restored by chronic administration of methamphetamine. These rhythms were not entrained by a light dark cycle. Wheel-running, feeding and drinking rhythms in individual rats were in phase in terms of ultradian bout as well as circadian fluctuation. Rhythms of the intraperitoneal temperature appeared accompanying the spontaneous locomotor rhythm. The phase relation between the two rhythms was similar to that of SCN dependent rhythms. Plasma corticosterone also fluctuated in a circadian fashion. The corticosterone peak preceded the activity onset of locomotor rhythm by a few hours, which was similar to the phase relation observed in the SCN intact animals. It is concluded that the oscillatory mechanism underlying the spontaneous locomotor rhythm in SCN lesioned and methamphetamine treated rats drives also other physiological rhythms. The phase-relations among them were similar to those of rhythms driven by the circadian pacemaker in the SCN. PMID- 3237832 TI - Gender-specific and gonadectomy-specific effects upon swim analgesia: role of steroid replacement therapy. AB - Both gender-specific and gonadectomy-specific effects have been observed for the analgesic responses following continuous and intermittent cold-water swims (CCWS and ICWS respectively): female rats display significantly less analgesia than males, and gonadectomized rats display significantly less analgesia than sham operated controls. The present study evaluated the effects of steroid replacement therapy with testosterone propionate (TP: 2 mg/kg, SC) upon CCWS and ICWS analgesia on the tail-flick and jump tests and hypothermia in sham-operated or gonadectomized male and female rats. Thirty days following surgery, rats received either no treatment, a sesame oil vehicle or TP for 14 days prior to, and then during testing. Relative to the no treatment condition, repeated vehicle injections in sham-operated rats eliminated the gender-specific, but did not affect the gonadectomy-specific effects upon CCWS and ICWS analgesia. TP reversed the deficits in CCWS and ICWS analgesia observed in both castrated and ovariectomized rats on both pain tests. TP only potentiated CCWS analgesia in sham-operated males on the tail-flick test. TP potentiated CCWS and ICWS hypothermia in gonadectomized rats and in male sham-operated rats. These data indicate that gonadal steroids play a major modulatory role in the etiology of swim analgesia, and that the observed gender effects are sensitive to possible adaptational variables. PMID- 3237833 TI - Abolition of vagino-cervical stimulation-induced analgesia by capsaicin administered to neonatal, but not adult rats. AB - We have previously reported that vagino-cervical mechanical stimulation (VS or probing) produces analgesia in rats. Neonatal treatment with capsaicin (CAP) has been shown to reduce the concentrations of several neuropeptides in dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and autonomic ganglia, via a neurotoxic effect. In the present study, we report that CAP administered in the neonatal period abolishes the analgesic effect of probing in adulthood. In addition, we report that the ability of VS to potentiate the lordosis response to manual stimulation of the flanks is abolished by neonatal CAP treatment. By contrast, rats treated as adults with CAP show the typical VS-produced effects of analgesia and potentiation of the lordosis response. Our results suggest that neonatal, but not adult, CAP treatment depletes a neuropeptide(s) that mediates the analgesia and lordosis-inducing effects of VS. PMID- 3237834 TI - Adaptation of plasma catecholamine and corticosterone responses to short-term repeated noise stress in rats. AB - Plasma noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and corticosterone (CS) concentrations were determined in blood frequently sampled via a cardiac catheter from freely moving rats exposed to three successive trials of white-noise stimulation (10 min, 100 dBA) with an intertrial interval of 30 min. During the sampling period, behavioral activities of the rats were recorded. It was demonstrated that the first exposure to noise induced a specific temporal pattern of neuroendocrine changes: Plasma A and NA contents increased rapidly and peaked early after stimulus onset but their peak-latencies were different (1 and 5 min, respectively). Noise offset was followed by quick return to basal levels. The changes in plasma CS concentrations were considerably slower in onset and slower in decline. The second and third exposure to this type of stressor resulted in attenuated hormonal responses and a reduced decrement of the NA/A-ratio, concurrent with a gradually less intense behavioral reaction. This differential pattern of plasma NA, A and CS responses following repetitive exposure to identical stressors, referred to as adaptation, is discussed with regard to the biochemical changes at various levels of the neuroendocrine systems involved. PMID- 3237836 TI - Appetite, thirst and related disorders. A satellite symposium to the 17th annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. San Antonio, TX, 12-15 November 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3237835 TI - A comparison of the effects of bilateral sections of the chorda tympani nerve and extirpation of the submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands on the eating and drinking patterns of the rat. AB - The chorda tympani nerve (CT) innervates the fungiform papillae on the tip of the tongue and has been considered an important nerve for the sense of taste. The CT also contains the parasympathetic supply to the submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands. Therefore, changes in taste or feeding behavior following bilateral sections of CT are caused by both degeneration of fungiform papillae and the inevitable partial desalivation of the rat. In the present experiments we compared the effects of bilateral chorda tympani nerve sections with extirpation of submaxillary and sublingual glands on daily home cage eating and drinking patterns in the rat. Before and after surgery we analyzed the daily eating and drinking patterns, including such measures as intake, bout number, bout length, interbout interval and rate of consumption during bouts. The results of desalivation and bilateral CT sections were indistinguishable. The most profound change was that eating bout duration was increased following surgery. Since food intake did not increase, the results indicate a marked loss in eating efficiency over the daily ingestion periods. Although the eating patterns of desalivated and chorda tympani sectioned rats are quite similar, the evidence is not compelling that they have the same physiological basis. A second experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that the atypical eating patterns observed following bilateral sectioning of CT were the direct result of partial desalivation resulting from the denervation of the salivary glands. In this experiment a unilateral section was made of one CT and it was shown that the eating behavior was not affected. Then the contralateral submaxillary and sublingual salivary glands were removed. This resulted in a six-fold increase in feeding bout length. In all cases a unilateral CT section combined with extirpation of the contralateral salivary glands resulted in rats whose eating behavior was indistinguishable from the earlier data following either the bilateral CT sections or bilateral desalivations. The conclusion is drawn that the eating irregularities noted following bilateral CT sections result from this partial desalivation. CT sections were verified by taste bud counts in the fungiform papillae and histological examinations were made of salivary glands in rats receiving CT sections. PMID- 3237837 TI - Ingestion, body weight and activity of rats receiving repeated intracerebroventricular infusions of rat satietin. AB - Satietin is a putative satiety agent that is found in a variety of species including man and the rat. In the first experiment male Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with chronic third ventricle cannulas and placed in activity wheels. After recovery, animals were intracerebroventricularly (ICV) infused with either sterile rat satietin (r-SAT) (100 micrograms/rat) dissolved in 10 microliters saline (n = 6) or sterile saline (n = 8). Infusions were repeated the next two days. Infusions of r-SAT had no effect on the rats' water intake or activity but did suppress (p less than 0.05) their food consumption when compared to the controls, but only after the first and second infusions. Thus tolerance to r-SAT quickly developed using this schedule of administration. Notably, body weight of the r-SAT infused rats remained attenuated (p less than 0.01) for four days following the first infusion. In the second experiment the rats were ICV infused every fourth day with either r-SAT (100 micrograms/rat) (n = 10) or saline (n = 8) for a total of three infusions. Food, but not water, intake was significantly suppressed after the first and second infusions and lowered nonsignificantly after the third. Body weight was significantly reduced after the first r-SAT infusion and remained statistically reduced for seven days after the third infusion; at a time when the rats' food intake was normal. These data suggest that in addition to a r-SAT suppression of feeding, other r-SAT induced changes (possibly metabolic) may help reduce the rats' body weight. The above dose of r SAT had no affect on the animals' rectal temperature. The data of the above two experiments reveal that r-SAT infused ICV into rats can suppress the animals' food intake and lead to a prolonged attenuation of body weight. PMID- 3237838 TI - Regulation of intakes of water and NaCl solutions in Fischer 344 rats: contrasts and comparisons between strains. AB - We present an overview of the differences in intakes of both water and NaCl between different strains of rat, with emphasis on Fischer 344 (F344) and Sprague Dawley (SD) strains. Relative to SD, rats of the F344 strain show less spontaneous or secondary drinking both with food present and during food deprivation. The water intake of rats of the F344 strain is strongly inhibited when water is added to their food, but rats of the SD strain show less inhibition and consume excessive amounts of fluid. In studies of primary drinking, induced by treatment with various dipsogens, rats of the F344 strain consumed water in amounts that were generally comparable to those expected from rats of the SD strain, with the exception of reduced intakes in response to either polyethylene glycol-induced hypovolemia or treatment with isoproterenol. The hematocrit ratio, resting plasma renin activity and directly-measured plasma protein concentrations were similar between F344 and SD strains. We also review findings that rats of the F344 strain show no spontaneous preference for dilute NaCl solutions, and show that both a strong preference and a low preference threshold are induced by chronic treatment with ramipril. Other manipulations that induce an appetite for NaCl in the F344 strain are summarized. PMID- 3237839 TI - Striatal dopamine and the interface between orienting and ingestive functions. AB - Recent lesion experiments have implicated forebrain catecholaminergic projections in a unique switching mechanism that enables sensory orientation to occur during ongoing feeding behavior. Unit recording studies indicate that there is a population of neurons in the striatum that respond to tactile stimulation only while an animal is eating. These sensory-related cells may serve as part of a system that diverts attention away from ingestive behavior. In the present study, 6-hydroxydopamine was infused directly into the striatum in rats to eliminate the dopaminergic input specifically to this region. The animals were tested for their reactions to tactile stimulation of the vibrissae during or in the absence of eating. During noneating trials, orienting was rapid and reliable to stimuli presented on either side of the body midline. While eating, contralateral orienting never occurred, even when the stimulation was intense, whereas ipsilateral orienting was unaffected. It was suggested that the capacity to disengage from ingestive behavior may depend importantly on the integrity of dopaminergic input to the striatum. PMID- 3237840 TI - Dietary modulation of oral amphetamine intake in rats. AB - The interaction of sucrose availability and oral self-administration of amphetamine was examined in 23 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fourteen rats were given a 0.075 mg/ml amphetamine sulfate solution as their sole source of fluid and 9 rats were given water. Feeding conditions were alternated between weeks with both granulated sucrose and chow available and weeks with only chow present. Rats drank significantly less of the amphetamine solution when consuming sucrose and chow than when eating chow alone. Sucrose intake had a slight effect on water intake. Rats drinking the amphetamine solution consumed significantly less food, gained significantly less weight, and were significantly less efficient at using calories for weight gain than rats drinking water. However, when given access to sucrose, rats drinking the amphetamine solution chose a significantly greater proportion of their daily caloric intake as sucrose (60%) than rats drinking water (42.5%). The present results demonstrate that 1) amphetamine intake alters nutrient choice and 2) that dietary variables can profoundly affect drug self administration. PMID- 3237841 TI - Electrophysiology of taste, feeding and reward in lateral hypothalamus of rabbit. AB - Single-unit responses of LH cells and oral reaction were studied in food-deprived animals to intraoral injections of rewarding and aversive tastants differentially cued by tonal stimuli. Correlative tests were carried out with microstimulation. Classification and statistical analysis of task-related neurons in different AP regions of LH revealed two functionally disparate, anatomically segregated groups of cells that may play a role in hedonic reactions to tastants. A rostral group showed strong "excitatory" response to aversive test stimuli and divergent "inhibitory" or minimal response to rewarding test stimuli. More caudal cells displayed maximal excitatory response to rewarding test stimuli, which, in some cases, related to oral behavior. Microstimulation of caudal sites also evoked rhythmical oral movement. Phasic and/or tonic reactivity to taste stimuli were common among LH neurons, but most cells responded differentially to both conditioned stimuli and tastants. Only a few cells reacted selectively to the fluid stimuli. PMID- 3237842 TI - CCK inhibits real and sham feeding in gastric vagotomized rats. AB - We tested both sham feeding and real feeding in gastric vagotomized rats equipped with chronic gastric cannulas, either without pretest food deprivation or after 18 hr food deprivation. In each condition, 0.3-4 micrograms/kg CCK inhibited food intake similarly in control and vagotomized rats. Behavioral observations indicated the presence of normal postprandial satiety after CCK. We then tested real feeding in noncannulated rats after either total abdominal vagotomy, gastric vagotomy, or control operation. Doses of 0.5-4 micrograms/kg CCK had no effect on food intake after total vagotomy, but again inhibited feeding with equal potency in gastric vagotomized and control rats. The inhibitory effect of 6 micrograms/kg CCK was attenuated but not blocked by total vagotomy. Finally, we tested rats with gastric cannulas after gastric plus celiac vagotomy. CCK also inhibited both real and sham feeding after this lesion. These data confirm previous findings that abdominal vagal fibers mediate the satiety effect of moderate intraperitoneal doses of CCK, but fail to support the hypothesis that gastric branch fibers are the necessary vagal contribution. PMID- 3237843 TI - Hepatic-portal infusion reduces the satiating potency of CCK-8. AB - If a satiating effect of endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced through a circulating hormonal mechanism, then administration of exogenous CCK into the hepatic-portal vein should decrease meal size. We report here that when doses of CCK-8 are injected intraperitoneally, they are at least four times more potent at reducing food intake than equivalent doses infused into the hepatic-portal vein. Intraportally administered CCK-8 at a dose of 32 micrograms.kg-1 had an equivalent satiating potency to 4 micrograms.kg-1 administered intraperitoneally. In contrast, intraportal infusions of the putative satiety hormone, tetradecapeptide bombesin, were equally as effective as intraperitoneal injections for reducing food intake. Bombesin is apparently protected from significant hepatic uptake by its larger size. We conclude that the primary reason for the ineffectiveness of portally administered CCK-8 for reducing food intake is hepatic uptake. These findings support the hypothesis that any satiating effect of endogenous CCK-8 is likely to act primarily through a paracrine mechanism. PMID- 3237844 TI - Modulation of neuronal histamine in control of food intake. AB - Neuronal histamine affects physiological functions of the hypothalamus. To investigate involvement of histamine receptors in feeding, histamine antagonists were infused into the rat third cerebroventricle. All H1- but no H2-antagonists tested, induced transient feeding during the early light when concentration of hypothalamic histamine was highest. No periprandial drinking was observed. Ambulation concomitantly increased during feeding. The effect on feeding was attenuated when brain histamine was normally low during the early dark or was decreased by alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (alpha-FMH). Bilateral microinjection indicated that the ventromedial hypothalamus, but not the lateral hypothalamus or the paraventricular nucleus, was a main locus for the induction of feeding by an H1-antagonist. The effect was completely abolished when brain histamine was decreased by pretreatment with alpha-FMH. Hypothalamic neuronal histamine suppresses food intake, at least in part, through H1-receptors in the VMH, and diurnal fluctuations of food intake may mirror neuronal histamine level. PMID- 3237845 TI - Further evidence for the existence of an "organismic" set point in rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions (DMNL rats): normal catch-up growth. AB - The present study was performed to assess the capacity of rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions (DMNL rats) and sham-operated controls (CON) for catch-up growth following body weight (b.wt.) reduction prior to DMNL (and sham lesion) production. Male SD rats (45 days, 157 +/- 1.3 g) were maintained for 11 days ad lib (ADLIB) after arrival and then divided into two groups. One group continued to feed ADLIB, the other group was fed half of the ration eaten by ADLIB rats for 32 days. At this point each group was divided into two subgroups. One subgroup received DMNL, the other subgroup consisted of CON. From then on all rats were fed ADLIB [except for one group of CON that was pair-fed to the ADLIB DMNL rats (PF-CON)] for 37 days (69th day of experiment) and then killed. DMNL rats lesioned at normal b.wt. (ADLIB DMNL) showed a precipitous drop in food intake, b.wt. and efficiency of food utilization (EFU). In striking contrast, rats that had received DMNL after b.wt. restriction (REST DMNL) and were then refed ADLIB showed a dramatic rise in food intake, b.wt., change in b.wt. and EFU, the latter being almost twice that of the ADLIB DMNL. Notably, the PF-CON weighed less than the ADLIB CON and utilized food poorer than ADLIB CON, REST CON and ADLIB DMNL. Liver weight (both absolute and relative (per kg 3/4 b.wt.) was reduced in DMNL irrespective of dietary treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237846 TI - Chronic weight loss in lean and obese rats with a brain-enhanced chemical delivery system for estradiol. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine the effects on body weight and food intake of a chemical delivery system which preferentially delivers estradiol (E2) to the brain and there serves as a source for the sustained release of the steroid. We injected intravenously various doses of this estradiol-chemical delivery system (E2-CDS), E2-valerate (E2-VAL) or the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle to young lean male rats and monitored body weight and 24 hr food intake for 39 days postinjection. E2-VAL caused a transient reduction in food intake and body weight gain. By contrast, a single injection of E2-CDS caused a chronic, dose-dependent reduction in the rate of body weight gain. In these lean rats, the duration of reduced body weight gain was not correlated with the observed transient reduction in food intake. In aged, obese male rats, E2-CDS caused a marked and chronic dose dependent reduction in body weight. In contrast to lean rats, E2-CDS caused a long-term reduction in food intake in obese rats. To evaluate the importance of the E2-CDS-induced reduction in food intake in the observed persistent weight loss in obese rats, E2-CDS was administered to a group of obese rats and a second group which received the DMSO vehicle was pair-fed an equivalent amount of food daily. The resulting weight loss in both groups was equivalent. These results show that the enhanced delivery of E2 to the brain with the E2-CDS causes sustained reduction in the rate of body weight gain in lean rats and persistent weight loss in obese animals. PMID- 3237847 TI - Feeding and hypothalamic stimulation increase dopamine turnover in the accumbens. AB - The hypothesis that the dopaminergic system plays a role in feeding behavior was tested in three experiments. First, microdialysis was performed in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) at 20 min intervals during free feeding in rats at 80% of normal body weight. Extracellular concentration of dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) increased significantly during eating indicating an increase in DA turnover. Second, microdialysis samples were collected from the NAC during bar pressing with a) a signal light on and food available, b) the light on but no food available, c) neither light nor food. Only when food was available did extracellular DA, DOPAC and HVA increase significantly. This increase in DA turnover occurred in the accumbens but not in the ventral striatum. Third, electrical stimulation of the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (LH) that was capable of inducing feeding increased extracellular DA, DOPAC and HVA in the NAC. This occurred whether the animal had food to eat or not. The effect of LH stimulation on DA turnover resembled the effects of free feeding and operant feeding in Experiments 1 and 2. Perifornical LH stimulation did not increase dopamine turnover in the ventral striatum. The results show that perifornical LH stimulation activates the mesolimbic dopamine system and that dopamine release in the accumbens is involved in feeding. The increase in dopamine turnover outlasted the consummatory act. This suggests that accumbens dopamine may be related to sensory input, feeding reflexes, food reward or memory processes and not just to the consummatory act itself. PMID- 3237848 TI - Olfactory and visceral projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract. AB - Electrophysiological studies were performed to determine if neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) which receive inputs from the stomach via vagal afferents also respond to olfactory bulb (OB) stimulation. The frequency of neuronal activity of the rostral ventral portion of the NTS was increased by gastric distension (GD). The evoked potentials in the same site due to vagal stimulation displayed short latencies; whereas, the evoked potentials in the dorsomedial part of the NTS due to vagal stimulation had considerably longer latencies. Gastric distension decreased neuronal activity in the dorsomedial NTS. Evoked potentials and increases in neuronal activity were also observed in the dorsomedial NTS due to electrical stimulation. In the dorsomedial NTS, OB stimulation enhanced the decrease in neuronal activity due to GD. Olfactory and visceral functions apparently interact in the NTS in modulating taste mechanisms involved in food selection and ingestion. PMID- 3237849 TI - Short term effects of fructose on blood glucose dynamics and meal initiation. AB - We have previously shown that small (-11%) transient (approximately 18 min) declines in blood glucose which precede feeding are causally related to meal initiation under free-feeding conditions. We have also shown that IV infusions of glucose (20 mg) that blunt these declines can delay meal initiation. In order to test the specificity of exogenous glucose to delay meal initiation, the ability of another hexose, fructose, to block meal initiation was studied. Since oral and IV fructose have been reported to cause transient hypoglycemia, we also used fructose in an attempt to mimic transient declines in blood glucose and measure the latency to meal initiation. Continuous monitoring of blood glucose and meal pattern was performed in chronically cannulated female rats. When fructose (20 mg) was infused IV during transient declines in blood glucose, meal initiation occurred with a normal latency. During the early dark phase, IV fructose was followed by a slight decrease at the lowest dose or increase in blood glucose at higher doses and no feeding behavior was observed. In the light phase, however, a transient dose-dependent decrease in blood glucose was observed. Furthermore, three types of blood glucose response patterns were identified. Meal initiation occurred only following changes in the blood glucose trajectory that mimicked the spontaneous transient declines in blood glucose. The other two patterns were not followed by meal initiation. Similar effects on blood glucose were observed following oral administration of a range of fructose doses (0.25-0.75 g) in 2 hour fasted rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237850 TI - Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on food intake and gastric emptying in man. AB - Food intake and gastric emptying were measured simultaneously after cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) and saline infusions in order to test the hypothesis that reduction in gastric emptying mediates the effect of CCK-8 on food intake. Each of twelve nonobese healthy men received intravenous infusions of CCK-8 and saline on separate nonconsecutive days after they had consumed 500 g of tomato soup tagged with technetium-99-DTPA. Intake of a test meal was measured 20 min after consumption of the soup while gastric emptying was simultaneously monitored by gamma emission scintigraphy of the soup. Food intake and gastric emptying of the soup were both significantly reduced by CCK-8 infusions in comparison to saline. There was a significant correlation between the amount of the test meal eaten and the amount of soup emptied during the period the test meal was being eaten, but not before the meal, only on days when CCK-8 was infused. Differences in intakes between days when saline was infused and days when CCK-8 was infused did not correlate with differences in gastric emptying of soup. These results suggest that CCK may amplify signals of satiety in proportion to the fullness of the stomach. Gastric emptying per se may not mediate the effects of CCK-8 on food intake. PMID- 3237851 TI - Physiological, environmental, and subjective determinants of food intake in humans: a meal pattern analysis. AB - The spontaneous food intake of 31 adult humans was investigated with diary self reports of ingestive behaviors and subjective hunger over 7 consecutive days. Meals were identified, using five different definitions, and their composition of total calories, carbohydrate, fat, and protein was estimated from a computer file of the nutritive value of foods. These data were analyzed by intercorrelating meal sizes with intermeal intervals, estimated stomach contents and self-reported hunger with univariate and multiple correlation techniques. Human feeding was found to be regulated on the basis of preprandial factors; the premeal interval, estimated premeal stomach content, and self-reported hunger significantly correlating with the meal size. These correlations were significant regardless of whether the meal was evaluated as spontaneous or constrained by external factors, but were stronger when the meals occurred without other people being present. The postprandial relationship between the meal size and the duration of the postmeal interval, which is present in nonhuman species, was only present in humans when meals that were eaten alone were considered separately. This suggests that the species differences may be due to the social context of observation. The intake of carbohydrate, fat, and protein was found to have a suppressive effect on subsequent intake and subjective hunger through their contributions to total food energy ingested. Protein, however, was found to suppress subsequent intake and subjective hunger independent of its contribution to total calories, suggesting that the macronutrients have differing satiating properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3237852 TI - Gastric distension and gastric capacity in relation to food intake in humans. AB - Two studies were performed in the same subjects to explore the relationship between stomach capacity and food intake. In the first study, a balloon was passed orally into the stomach of four lean and four obese subjects before they ingested a liquid lunch meal. The balloon was filled with 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 ml of water in a random sequence on different days. The balloon was kept inflated during ingestion then deflated and removed. Food intake was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) by a balloon volume of greater than or equal to 400 ml. In the second study, another balloon was inserted into the stomach of these subjects to estimate stomach capacity. The balloon was gradually filled at the rate of 100 ml/min with 30 sec pauses. The subjects rated their discomfort as 1 to 10, from no discomfort to extreme discomfort. A rating of 10 was the main index for stomach capacity. Mean capacity (ml) for the lean subjects was 1100 +/- 185 (SE) and for the obese 1925 +/- 175 (SE), t = 3.24, p less than 0.02. When stomach capacity from the second study was correlated to spontaneous food intake at 0 balloon volume from the first study, r = .44, n.s. However, the relationship between stomach capacity and the balloon volume needed to suppress 50% of spontaneous intake was significant, r = .66, p less than 0.05. This may have implications for treatment of obesity with a gastric balloon. PMID- 3237853 TI - [A safe and happy maternity]. PMID- 3237854 TI - [Community health nurses. II]. PMID- 3237855 TI - [Sex and biotechnology. Sex to order]. PMID- 3237856 TI - [On us a lot depends!]. PMID- 3237857 TI - [Smoking damages health!]. PMID- 3237858 TI - [Can a word cure or kill?]. PMID- 3237859 TI - [Community health nursing. Its current status and developmental prospects]. PMID- 3237860 TI - [School and "Health for Everyone in the Year 2000"]. PMID- 3237861 TI - [Midwives and "Health for Everyone in the Year 2000"]. PMID- 3237862 TI - [What is new in nutritional hygiene instruction?]. PMID- 3237863 TI - Functional and structural map of pLST1000: a multiresistance plasmid widely distributed in Enterobacteriaceae. AB - pLST1000, an 80-kb plasmid found in Enterobacteriaceae in North and South America, harbors the aadB and several other resistance genes. We suggested earlier that, because of its widespread distribution, pLST1000 could act as a carrier plasmid, bringing the aadB gene to new locations. This paper presents the restriction enzyme recognition site and functional map of the plasmid. The resistance genes lie in a discreet region. The aadB and aadA genes form an operon with the aadB gene promoter proximal. This operon is flanked by bla-TEM and bla OXA2 genes, the former located in a functional Tn3-like transposon. This arrangement is similar to that of relatives of the transposon TN21, where additional resistance genes are precisely inserted in recombinational "hot spot" sequences that flank the aadA gene. We were not able to demonstrate transposition of the aadB gene in Escherichia coli. A sul gene and mer operon lie beyond the bla-OXA2 gene. The transfer genes form a single region, defined by insertions of Tn5-132 that give the Tra- phenotype. PMID- 3237865 TI - [Forms of disease progression and prognostic factors in multiple sclerosis]. AB - Basing on the diagnostic criteria, an analysis of 687 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) is represented according to the different forms of course, their frequency and the degree of severity. For the progressive course--either secondary after attacks or primary--a higher proportion of disease with severe disturbances resp. comparatively malignant forms have been found; furthermore, a critical time of progression could be ascertained. The determination of the disability status (using the EDSS) during a longer space of time showed a more unfavourable prognosis for the males. The development of disability was more distinct at onset of disease in the elder-aged groups. The problems of uncertain factors influencing the course and prognosis of disease are pointed out in connection with the heterogeneity of MS, basing on the pathogenetic components. PMID- 3237864 TI - Identification and cloning of a plasmid-encoded erythromycin resistance determinant from Lactobacillus reuteri. AB - Plasmid analysis, plasmid curing, cloning, and hybridization experiments were used to study four Lactobacillus reuteri strains showing high resistance to erythromycin. Plasmid curing with acriflavine resulted in a loss of erythromycin resistance in a frequency of 1-10%. For three of the strains this was accompanied by a loss of a 6.9-MDa plasmid, which was shown to be identical for the different strains and designated pLUL631. The erythromycin (erm) gene was located on a 5.5 MDa plasmid in the fourth strain. A restriction map of pLUL631 was constructed and the location of the erm gene on the plasmid was identified by cloning in Escherichia coli. By using a Streptococcus lactis-E. coli shuttle vector, the erm gene was also transformed to S. lactis and expressed. The erm gene from L. reuteri was shown to be related to the erm gene from pIP501 (Streptococcus agalactiae) by DNA-DNA hybridization. PMID- 3237866 TI - [The problem and value of therapy in multiple sclerosis]. AB - Some fundamental problems of therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the difficulties in assessing the results of treatment are represented. Basing on a survey of several principles of therapy, the findings of own therapeutic trials using corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, antihumanlymphocyte globulin) are pointed out; in particular, the analysis of a longer period of the course of disease produced few favourable effects. In further therapeutic studies, i.e. plasmapheresis and immunoadsorption, a long lasting observation of the course is lacking; this likewise concerns the study on ultraviolet irradiation of blood. As to the aspects of a multi-stage pathogenesis of MS an appraisal of therapeutic conceptions and procedures is given; in critical evaluation their efficacy is little convincing. PMID- 3237867 TI - [Cytodiagnosis in the cerebrospinal fluid with special reference to illness course phases in diseases of the central nervous system]. AB - The cytological diagnostic of CSF is indicated in inflammations, vascular and tumorous diseases. A change of normal ratio of 4:1 of CSF-lymphocytes and monocytes and/or the appearance of functionally active forms of these cell-lines are typical for immunoreactive inflammation (lymphoid cells) or cleaning up (macrophages). Cellular reactions with differing pleocytosis are caused by different irritations within the space of CSF: during the acute phase of meningitis with granulocytosis, in the following cleaning up with monocytosis and macrophages and in inflammatory and immunological reactions with lymphocytosis, lymphoid cells and plasmocytes. Necessary to CSF-diagnostic is the correlation of the stages of the course of disease additional with regard to the quantitative and qualitative results of CSF-protein. Findings of the examination of CSF-cells in diseases of CNS are represented in tabular form. PMID- 3237868 TI - [Effect of age at the time of illness, tumor grade and Karnofsky value on the therapy result in patients with glioma of the cerebral cortex treated with combined therapy]. AB - 49 patients with gliomas were investigated by means of life table analysis with regard to the influence of age, grade of the tumor and Karnofsky-score on the result of the treatment. The grade of the tumor and the age are factors of high prognostic value. They significantly influence the survival time of patients with gliomas treated by a combination treatment (operation, radiation, polychemotherapy; median survival times: grade 2: 50.4 months; grade 3: 28.5 months; grade 4: 18.9 months; group younger than 40 years: 49.2 months; older than 40 years: 21.9 months). Patients with different Karnofsky-scores show no differences concerning their median survival times (Karnofsky-score 50-70: 34.2 months; 80-100: 31.8 months). PMID- 3237869 TI - [Some problems in forensic assessment]. AB - The establishing of facts in criminal cases calls for the marshalling of evidence, from every angle and without bias, in strict compliance with the law. The findings of the court in respect of criminal accountability must likewise be established beyond doubt; probability is inadequate as a basis for conviction. The highest degree is inadequate as a basis for conviction. The highest degree of forensic competence in matters psychiatric and psychological must be assured. Expert opinion must proceed from an evaluation of the accused person's capacity to distinguish between right and wrong, taking account of the nature of the offense. Part of this evaluation consists in the determination of the combined effect of the principal determining factors. Greater depth of knowledge is required respecting the part played by alcohol in the capacity to distinguish right from wrong compared with impulse, mental deficiency, grave abnormal development, etc. In the interests of securing a sound judgment of criminal accountability, further research is desirable into the complexus of determining factors, for example, into the multifunctional contribution of deranged physiological structures and processes which take a mental and/or psychopathological course. PMID- 3237871 TI - [Forensic-psychologic-psychiatric assessment from the viewpoint of perpetrators- data from a survey]. AB - In this contribution, various aspects of the expert/culprit-relationship and of the communication behavior styles between the included persons within the scope of forensic-psychological-psychiatric expertise, are discussed. A survey is given on results gained with a questionnaire study (n = 93 culprits; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Charite Berlin) of the most important expectations, of the social-relevant attitudes towards the assessment and physicians before the forensic investigation as well as of the experiences of own feelings, stress and of the culprit's reflections on the physician/proband relationship after the assessment. A good partnership relation between experts and culprits presupposes that the expert not only possesses a high profession but also the necessary interpersonal-social competence. PMID- 3237870 TI - [Arson and (para-) suicide]. AB - There have been forensic-psychiatric observations from 1963 to 1983 concerning the offenders responsibility in case of deliberate arson with 12 out of 147 suits being closely related to (para-)suicide. According the variety of relations we distinguish between fire as pure means of suicide, fire used to take along the living space or people, suicide committed in consequence of arson, furthermore arson as a symbolic suicide, and finally acting alternately with both arson as well as parasuicide. PMID- 3237872 TI - [Victimologic-oriented study of perpetrator groups--a possibility for synthesis of various crime determinants]. AB - An example of a group of offenders of sexual motivated criminal homicides is the relationship of as well social- sexual developments of offenders, victim properties, preacted interactions between perpetrator and victim as the crime discussed. At this dominate following facts of offender: an undifferentiated aggressive sexuality with a decreasing intelligence, social outstanding and disturbed social adaptability and great portion of sexual preactivities. The childlike victim is the compensation for adult women. The attack takes place with sexual excitation and by the situation opportune facts, an escalation of defence and increasing of excitation of the offender up to the homicide. PMID- 3237873 TI - [Forensic psychiatric assessment in the USSR]. AB - Basing on the author's experiences during his study stay at the Serbsky All-Union Research Institute for General and Forensic Psychiatry in Moscow a report is given about the theoretical foundations and the carrying-out of forensic psychiatric expert-opinions in the field of penal as well as civil law in the U.S.S.R. Some peculiarities in comparison with the practice in the G.D.R. are taken in special account. PMID- 3237874 TI - [Severe abnormal personality development of diagnostic value in adolescents- relations between paragraph 66 and paragraph 16 of the penal code]. AB - Boundary-lines and points of contact concerning the application of sections 66 and 16 StGB to judgement of such a serious abnormal development of personality in juveniles are represented. They also are discussed with regard to its consistencies. PMID- 3237875 TI - [Craniosynostosis and criminal behavior]. AB - Among 100 patients with turricephalus we found 37 with disorders of social adaption, 54% of them has been punishable, 22% even relapsing. Sexual offenders were dominating. Dysplasia of front cranial fossa with dominating exhibition of radiologic signs of craniostenosis frontal and frontotemporal let consider frontal cortex dysfunctions as basic disorder of psychic maldevelopment and delinquency of turricephalus persons. PMID- 3237876 TI - [The sense and need for clarification of relations in the psychotherapeutic team]. AB - The effectiveness of a clinical psychotherapy largely depends upon how you succeed to integrate all workers - therapists and therapy mediators - and to reach a basic agreement to partnership in spite of hierarchical constraints. This requires a lot of detailed work and expense of time. The basic attitude makes it possible or impossible to treat reactions of transfer and counter transfer within the team and in the relationship with the patient and his background. The message is illustrated by practical examples. PMID- 3237877 TI - [Relations between psychological stress and EEG correlations]. AB - In the present study inquiries have been made about the changes EEG cross correlation in mental activities is subject to. The EEG recordings were made at rest, in visual and acoustical response, when reading and in the solution of an acoustical differentiation problem. In conjunction with plain reflex processes a decline in the intrahemispherical correlation was observed. During complex structured psycho-request situations dissimilar changes in the EEG correlation have occurred on the scalp. Between the cerebral regions functionally essential for the solution of the problems, an increase in the bio-electric correlation and between other cerebral areas a decline were registered. The findings in conclusion come to realize that the topographic EEG cross-correlation analysis is appropriate to give an insight into the present situation of cerebral functional organization. PMID- 3237878 TI - [The EEG preferential frequency as an indicator of the degree of wakefulness]. AB - Ever since electroencephalographic research began, interest has been focused on problems of the physiology, pathology, and symptomatology of the relationship between sleep and wakefulness. Following preliminaries, the present paper describes a combined procedure for the determination of the EEG preferential frequency, and by random sampling statistically examines its suitability for indicating the fluctuations of activation level as a control measure. A trained volunteer gradually increased his degree of wakefulness, reliably producing parallel changes in the preferential frequency in three frequency bands. A standardised manual period analysis as control produced largely the same results. The preferential frequency has considerable value for indicating the degree of wakefulness. PMID- 3237879 TI - [The value of auditory evoked brain stem potentials in the diagnosis of circulatory disorders in the area of vertebrobasilar circulation]. AB - The acoustically-evoked brain-stem potential in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency has enjoyed a varied diagnostic evaluation in the literature. Our own examinations reveal an advantage in subdividing AEBP changes into normal and marginal, slight and pronounced, within a group of patients with blood supply disorders in the vertebrobasilar region. AEBP permits inferences to be made on the extent of the damage. However, one should be chary of referring AEBP change of vascular origin to any particular section on the basis of these deductions alone. Only the comprehensive consideration of clinical symptoms, AEBP findings, and neuroradiological examination leads to a valid opinion on extent and location. PMID- 3237880 TI - [Comments on so-called "chronic" and "therapy refractory" depression]. AB - The problems of so-called "therapy resistant or chronic" depression has been investigated on own patients of the year 1986, but simply one chronic example could be noticed. Configurations-frequence-analytic research didn't essentially result in significant statements. It is referred to that the frequent occurrence of the so-called "therapy resistant" depressions described by some authors, could be in connection with limited diagnosis inventories and insufficient to the personality orientated therapy regime. PMID- 3237881 TI - [Prospective study of the late sequelae of electroconvulsive treatment]. AB - In a prospective pilot study 1-3 years after no less than 5 ECT. 12 patients were examined clinically, and by means of psychological tests and computer-aided tomography. Convincing indications of lasting therapy-determined brain damages could not be found. PMID- 3237882 TI - [The diagnostic value of computer-assisted psychometric procedures]. AB - Some test procedures of the computer assisted instrumentation system COMBITEST 2 were examined in order to evaluate the strength of diagnostical differentiation. For this purpose tests for evaluating the concentration capacity and the psychomotor performance, especially tapping, were used in a sample of 92 neurological patients (60 patients with and 32 without cerebral impairment). It became evident, that performance differentiations between patients with cerebral impairment and others are predominantly characterized by speed parameters (reaction time, duration of test), scarcely by parameters of accuracy (number of errors). Configuration - frequency - analyses emphasize deceleration of psychic/psychomotoric speed as diagnostic indicator in cerebral impaired patients: the best pattern was the "configuration" of reduced speed in concentration test and in tapping. PMID- 3237883 TI - [Aggressive behavior in the psychiatric clinic]. AB - Self and other directed violence of male psychiatric patients have been registered. The diagnostic analysis revealed an unequivocal correlation to delusional diseases and cerebroorganic hamper. Few patients caused a high percentage of all registered aggressions. Due to limited possibilities of drug treatment, changes of organization of communication and of the socio organisational framework are aspired for the future. PMID- 3237884 TI - [Multivariate discriminant analysis of EEG power spectra in acute schizophrenic patients and healthy probands]. AB - The electroencephalogram (EEG) during information processing is influenced by specific changes in brain electrical activity. Based on the theory of a disturbed information processing in schizophrenics we analysed auditory stimulus induced EEG changes by Fast Fourier Transformation. The most important of the significant stimulation dependent EEG power changes were measured in the 0.5-3.5 Hz and 10 13.5 Hz frequency bands in the left parietal lead. In a multivariate analysis the separation of the subjects examined into acute schizophrenics and normals was incorrect in only 21% of the cases (resubstitution rate): using the pi-method an error of 31% was estimated. PMID- 3237885 TI - [Torticollis spasmodicus. A contribution to psychogenesis and psychotherapy]. AB - The application of an own psychotherapeutic concept to spasmodic torticollis confirms the assumption that it represents a pantomimic expression interacting with an assumed previous organic damage. An unavowed ambivalence between wishes for support and acknowledgement and feelings of limitation and aggression-by frustration is reflected in simultaneous spasmodic turnings towards and away with a frequent preponderance of the impulse of anxious-aggressive averting. It directed treatment renders possible stable improvements. PMID- 3237886 TI - ["Firesetting caused by homesickness"]. AB - This account of one of the now rare cases of fire-raising through homesickness brings into clear relief what is peculiar to the abnormal development of the fire raiser's personality, the abnormal pattern of subjective experience and the abnormal motivation of the criminal act. PMID- 3237887 TI - Changing attitudes of citizens toward mental health care. PMID- 3237888 TI - Parens patriae considerations in the commitment process. AB - Seventy-one commitment-seeking decisions made by 36 clinicians in a state-funded mental health center were studied to determine the extent to which clinicians attend to legally mandated "dangerousness" criteria in seeking commitment. A previous finding that clinicians rely largely on the dangerousness criteria was replicated. In addition, clinicians were found to be sensitive to clinical indicators of the patient's need for treatment, a question which is central to the parens patriae approach to involuntary hospitalization. Further, patients who were judged to be more seriously ill or more dangerous were more likely to retract their requests for discharge. This finding suggests that the patient's request for release and the psychiatrist's petition for commitment together constitute an interactive, transactional process in which the clinician's and the patient's views of the patient's need for hospitalization influence each other. PMID- 3237889 TI - Clinical and demographic characteristics of 15 patients with repetitively assaultive behavior. AB - The 15 patients with the highest numbers of assaultive incidents over a one year period in a state mental hospital were identified and information collected regarding a variety of clinical and demographic characteristics. The results showed a group of patients who are relatively young, manifest severe symptomatology that is generally unresponsive to treatment, and have now been hospitalized continuously for greater than four years. The patients experienced the onset of symptoms as teenagers in most cases, showed poor psychosocial adjustment beyond childhood, and had positive family histories for mental illness or alcohol abuse. Patients with psychotic disorders predominated and tended to have positive symptoms rated as severe to very severe on the Global Rating Scale for Psychosis. Patients with nonpsychotic or personality disorders always showed a high frequency of self-injurious behavior in addition to their aggressive behavior toward others. A number of patients had a history of head trauma with EEG abnormalities. This information provides a starting point for subsequent studies examining potential distinctions between this subpopulation of patients and others, the motivation and circumstances of such incidents, and the interaction between the behaviors and their effects on those around them. PMID- 3237891 TI - The Bender Gestalt test in childhood emotional disorder. PMID- 3237890 TI - Emergency room dispositions of professionally referred psychiatric patients. AB - Emergency room records of professionally referred and nonprofessionally referred patients are reviewed. Professionally referred patients were significantly more likely to be admitted than non professionally referred patients. Female, white, and employed patients were all overrepresented among the professionally referred. Suicidality, homicidality, and depression were also more common in this group. After accounting for the clinical and demographic differences, referral source did not significantly modify the disposition from the emergency room. Among schizophrenic patients, however, professional referral independently improved the likelihood of admission. These results are discussed in terms of social factors which may influence emergency room decision making. PMID- 3237892 TI - [Sexual problems in schizophrenic patients treated by ambulatory care]. AB - Two groups comparable in age of 20 male and 20 female schizophrenics, all under neuroleptic treatment, were asked by way of questionnaire about their attitude towards sexuality, their sexuality, their sexual behaviour and their sexual difficulties. Sexuality was considered to be an important aspect of a person's life. More than one third of the patients indicated regular sexual contacts. In the group of males a high incidence of erectile dysfunctions was apparent, whereas the women showed a prevalence of general sexual dysfunctions. Both sexes indicated an inhibition of sexual desire. The impaired ability for sexual reaction and experience was felt partly to be positive, partly negative. Etiologically such disorders are caused by the side effects of the neuroleptic treatment, as well as by a disturbed capacity for interpersonal relationships. In the longterm treatment of schizophrenics, increased attention should be paid to sexual counselling. PMID- 3237893 TI - [The status of sexuality in routine psychiatric practice--results of a personal survey]. AB - Based upon the observation that aspects of sexuality are rarely considered in psychiatric practice, a questionnaire study was performed to differentially assess the attitudes and experiences of psychiatric staff with this topic. 145 members of different professional groups and several psychiatric in-patient institutions answered the questions. The results of the study indicate for example that sexuality generally is more important in psychiatric institutions than one could have expected according to the psychiatric literature. Stereotypical attitudes concerning the sexual life of psychiatric patients were rare and more frequently found to be unspecific for psychiatry, for example those related to differential meanings of female and male sexuality. A further result of the study showed that sexual knowledge and confidence in handling conversations about sexuality seemed to be less important for the reduction of problems in the staff's reactions to sexually active patients than the possibility to discuss the own uncertainties and their recognition. Generally, the results could serve as a basis for psychiatric staff to facilitate the consideration of sexual matters within their institutions. PMID- 3237894 TI - [A district psychiatric clinic and therapeutic pedagogic facility--development of a management concept for mentally handicapped patients]. AB - There is a general consensus of opinion that adult mentally handicapped persons- if we leave aside the treatment of severe and psychiatrically relevant concomitant diseases or abnormal behaviour--are misfits in a psychiatric hospital. The aim of an independent care of the mentally handicapped can be achieved in different ways based on medical paedagogy. The Home for Medical Paedagogy in Duren, Lower Rhine District, is a case in point. Despite many difficulties and conflicts this hospital attained an outstanding standard of medical care within just ten years. Its location is on the same site as that of the psychiatric hospital. PMID- 3237895 TI - [Psychosocial management of deaf patients]. AB - Deaf persons reside in almost all psychiatric hospitals in the Federal Republic, as a recent inquiry has shown. The total population of deaf inmates is probably around 600. These persons have so far not been eligible for treatment specially adapted to their deafness. The present article attempts to stimulate readiness for a specific type of care of such persons. It describes the special psychic stress to which they are exposed in an environment with intact hearing and highlights especially the severe barriers of contact that cannot be overcome by the deaf without assistance from the environment. The subsequent presentation of approaches to the psychosocial care of the deaf is rounded off by a few thoughts on further development. PMID- 3237896 TI - [Use of psychotropic drugs in mentally handicapped adults]. AB - Type and frequency of psychotropic drug treatment have been analysed in the case of 1154 institutionalized and non-institutionalized mentally retarded adults. The psychotropic drug prevalence amounts to 21.7%, only about one half of corresponding rates in other studies; possible causes of this result are discussed. Neuroleptics are prescribed most frequently by far, succeeded by anxiolytics. The psychotropic drug prevalence is significantly related to age, sex, and setting. A comparison of the psychotropic drug treatment of 1980 with that of 1986 above all shows a distinctly rarer prescription of anxiolytics and hypnotics as well as a decrease of polypharmacy in 1986. PMID- 3237897 TI - Psychotherapeutic models and the treatment of schizophrenia: the records of three successive psychotherapists with one patient at Chestnut Lodge for 18 years. AB - Miss Jane Cole was 26 years old when admitted to Chestnut Lodge with a diagnosis of schizophrenia in 1949. She remained an inpatient and day patient for 18 years, and engaged in treatments that were primarily psychotherapeutically oriented, with three different therapists. She ultimately recovered sufficiently to live on her own while remaining in private treatment with her last Chestnut Lodge therapist. Her extended psychotherapeutic encounters at this institution are richly documented, with about 400 pages of transcribed annual treatment case conferences, allowing us to reconstruct her course in some detail. We offer her narrative as uniquely instructive about the utility of different psychotherapeutic models and styles in the treatment of people with long-term, severe, psychotic disorders. PMID- 3237898 TI - Commentary on McGlashan/Nayfack and Money/Lobato case studies. AB - In this initial discussion for Psychiatry's series of case studies, I will be emphasizing two special contributions that can be made by single case and small sample reports, which are exemplified by the McGlashan/Nayfack paper and by the Money/Lobato study that appeared in the February 1988 issue of Psychiatry. The first contribution provides a unique perspective on the significance of therapist orientation in influencing the course of a patient's disorder and life. The second illustrates the use of a small sample study for understanding complex processes determining the onset and evolution of disorder. The McGlashan/Nayfack report is one of those rare case histories in which we have the opportunity to see the completion of a life, extending our vision far beyond the usual therapeutic frame. The Money report exemplifies the way in which small sample reports can provide a powerful approach to making the detailed comparisons needed to clarify multidetermined processes. PMID- 3237899 TI - "Tragic man" and "tragic woman": gender differences in narcissistic styles. AB - The narcissistic personality style is assumed to be highly prevalent in contemporary society, but little epidemiologic attention has been directed to its relative occurrence among different segments of the population. This study addresses gender differences in the manifestation of narcissistic personality traits and their differential association with low self-esteem and dysphoric mood. A Narcissistic Traits Scale was developed and administered along with measures of self-esteem and depressive symptomatology to a population of medical students. The data show no sex differences in overall narcissistic styles but demonstrate sex differences in the prevalence of given traits and in their differential association with low self-esteem and dysphoric mood. The clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed, along with suggestions for future research utilizing more representative community samples. PMID- 3237900 TI - Nonverbal expressions of anxiety in physician-patient interactions. AB - NONVERBAL expressions of anxiety were analyzed during patient presentation of conflicted emotional topics (i.e., hidden agendas) while consulting with family medicine practitioners. It was hypothesized that underlying anxiety would be revealed in higher frequencies of specific types of nonverbal behavior. As predicted, hand-to-body self-touching occurred significantly more often during presentation of anxiety-producing topics, while frequencies of speech illustrative gestures did not differ for type of agenda presented. Applications for these findings are discussed with reference to medical and psychotherapy encounters. PMID- 3237901 TI - Contemporary psychiatric interviewing: new directions for training. AB - THERE has been an unheralded evolution in psychiatric interviewing, an evolution that is, nonetheless, of a critical nature. Over the past three decades the basic psychiatric interview has evolved into a collection of different psychiatric interviews. Each style of interview is determined by the immediate patient care tasks facing the clinician, whether in an emergency room or a private practice office. The acquisition of new skills, such as structuring techniques and diagnostic examinations using the DSM-III, has become a vital and challenging aspect of the education of contemporary psychiatrists. In this paper the influences that have created these new developments in psychiatric interviewing will be outlined and their implications for training discussed. We will describe a specific training approach that has evolved as a method of helping psychiatric residents develop the skills and confidence needed to handle any one of the numerous types of psychiatric interviews required of a contemporary clinician, ranging from a traditional psychodynamic assessment to a standard diagnostic interview. PMID- 3237902 TI - EEG identification of subgroups of men at risk for alcoholism? AB - Biological sons of male alcoholics constitute one group at high risk (HR) for the development of alcoholism, and were the subjects of this study. A low dose of alcohol (0.5 g/kg) was administered to HR and control subjects. On the basis of changes in the electroencephalographic (EEG) mean alpha frequency that occurred following alcohol administration, two HR subgroups were identified. Measures obtained after alcohol administration, comprising self-ratings and an observer's assessment, distinguished the HR subgroups and control subjects; measures of visuomotor performance did not. The findings are discussed in relation to two current etiological theories bearing on the development of alcoholism: a biopsychological perspective and an initial tolerance for alcohol effects. PMID- 3237903 TI - Hypertension and depression: question of a causal relationship persists. PMID- 3237904 TI - Luria-Nebraska performance and symptomatology in unmedicated schizophrenic patients. AB - Recent attempts at subgrouping schizophrenia have emphasized negative symptoms (e.g., blunted affect, emotional withdrawal), and several works have suggested that patients with negative symptoms show greater cognitive deficits and structural brain abnormalities. However, many of these studies have relied on screening devices or single measures of neuropsychological performance. Accordingly, the present study used the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) in assessing 38 unmedicated inpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The results found no relationship between LNNB performance and symptom ratings derived from clinical interviews using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. The findings show that cognitive performance may be unrelated to symptomatology when a complex battery type test is used. PMID- 3237905 TI - Plasma postdexamethasone cortisol levels in schizoaffective disorder. AB - The degree of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation in depressed patients with schizoaffective disorder was compared to that seen in patients with major depressive disorder with and without delusional features. The frequency of nonsuppression to dexamethasone was similar for all three diagnostic groups. Maximum postdexamethasone plasma cortisol was greater for delusional depressives, but did not differ between patients with major depressive and schizoaffective disorders. Modest correlations were found between postdexamethasone plasma cortisol levels, severity of illness, age, and recent weight loss, for patients with both major depressive disorder and delusional depression. For schizoaffective patients, associations between postdexamethasone plasma cortisol levels and various measures of severity of illness, but not age and recent weight loss, were found. Although HPA axis dysregulation occurs more frequently in all three of the studied diagnostic groups than in normal individuals, factors contributing to this dysregulation may be qualitatively different for schizoaffective patients. PMID- 3237907 TI - Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression: VI. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the cortisol suppression index versus the dexamethasone suppression test in patients and matched controls. AB - The cortisol suppression index (CSI), which is the ratio of the predexamethasone (DEX) serum cortisol concentration to the post-DEX cortisol concentration, has been investigated as an alternative means of analyzing the response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis to DEX. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to examine the CSI versus the corresponding standard post-DEX cortisol values in a sample of 40 primary endogenous major depressives versus 40 matched normal control subjects who underwent a DEX suppression test (DST). The CSI was highly correlated with post-DEX cortisol values and showed no advantage in test performance over the standard DST across a wide range of criterion values. ROC analysis is a useful technique for determining the utility of the DST and other biological markers in psychiatry. PMID- 3237906 TI - CT abnormalities in tardive dyskinesia. AB - Many investigators have suspected neuropathology in tardive dyskinesia (TD) to center in the striatum. Previous computed tomographic (CT) studies of middle-aged and older subjects using linear measurements have reported primarily negative results. The present study attempts to identify neuropathological abnormalities in the periventricular region of young chronic schizophrenics using specific area measurements of in vivo brain imaging. A ratio of frontal horn area to maximal internal skull area (FHBR) was used in an effort to gain sensitivity and give a reliable measure of caudate atrophy. The ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) measurement and a cortical atrophy rating were also done. The TD and non-TD control groups did differ in the CT variables. Negative CT results do not rule out the possibility that more subtle neuropathological abnormalities may be present. Magnetic resonance imaging, with its superior gray/white matter differentiation and its ability to detect subtle differences in tissue, may discover abnormalities in TD. PMID- 3237908 TI - Diagnostic performance of nocturnal penile tumescence studies in healthy, dysfunctional (impotent), and depressed men. AB - Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) studies were evaluated in 17 men with a clinical diagnosis of organic erectile dysfunction in comparison to age-matched healthy controls (n = 17) and depressed men (n = 17). The dysfunctional group had significantly fewer NPT episodes and reduced maximal penile tip changes when compared to healthy controls and depressed patients. Further, the dysfunctional group had significantly diminished erectile fullness and reduced penile rigidity. Diagnostic performance of polygraphic (night 1) and visual inspection (nights 2 or 3) components of the NPT protocol were examined in these criterion groups. A diagnostic classification based on polygraphic measures successfully discriminated 73.5% of dysfunctional and healthy control subjects, but classified 47% of depressives in the dysfunctional range. Use of visual inspection indices correctly identified 88% of the dysfunctional sample and 94% of normal controls, and reduced the "false-positive" rate in depression to only 18%. Results support the diagnostic utility of NPT studies, particularly when enhanced by visual inspection procedures. Nevertheless, the presence of major depression may confound interpretation of such studies. PMID- 3237909 TI - Frequency of DSM-III personality disorders in patients with panic disorder: comparison with psychiatric and normal control subjects. AB - Three clinical populations--panic disorder (n = 88), randomly selected outpatients (n = 82), and normal control subjects (n = 40)--were compared on three standardized DSM-III personality disorder instruments, the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders (SIDP), the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ). Significant differences were consistently found in presence of "any" personality disorder and DSM-III Cluster C (there were always more disorders in the outpatients). Logistic regression analysis revealed the important determinants predicting personality disorders, and therefore of differences between groups, were state depression, age, lifetime history of alcohol abuse, and presence of panic disorder. PMID- 3237910 TI - A family history method for DSM-III anxiety and personality disorders. AB - A family history method for DSM-III anxiety and personality disorders (FHPD) was validated by direct interview of 182 relatives. The categories of "any anxiety disorder," "panic disorder," and "any personality disorder" achieved sensitivities and specificities equivalent to currently accepted psychiatric family history methods. The family history results for the DSM-III dramatic and anxious personality disorder clusters showed good specificities, but only fair sensitivities. It is possible these cluster sensitivities could be improved in the future by using less stringent criteria. The FHPD is designed so that it can easily be integrated into the Family History-Research Diagnostic Criteria format and scoring. PMID- 3237911 TI - Correlates of psychopathology in adolescents. AB - The authors examined the relationship among measures of self-perception and the family environment for both general psychopathology and diagnostic clusters. The subject pool was a community sample of adolescents. The findings emphasize the relationship of the home environment to the presence of general psychopathology and specific diagnoses. PMID- 3237912 TI - EEG sleep studies in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. AB - Sleep polygraphic recordings were performed during 3 consecutive nights in 12 inpatients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in comparison with age- and sex-matched groups of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and normal subjects. GAD patients differed significantly from those with MDD. A lower number of awakenings and stage shifts in night 1 and the mean of the 3 nights and a shorter rapid eye movement (REM) duration in night 1 but longer REM latency in the mean of the 3 nights were observed in GAD in comparison to MDD. GAD patients also showed a significantly longer sleep onset latency and shorter duration of total sleep time and Stage 2 than control subjects. Electroencephalographic sleep recordings, as well as other laboratory tests, may help the clinician to differentiate anxiety from depressive disorders. PMID- 3237913 TI - Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials after alcohol administration among men at risk for alcoholism. AB - The P100 component of the pattern reversal visual evoked potential was used to compare men at high risk for alcoholism and control subjects before and after a low (0.5 g/kg) dose of ethanol. The high risk and control subjects did not differ in age, self-reported ethanol consumption, or estimates of ethanol metabolism rates, but changes in the occipital P100 latency differentiated them following ethanol administration. The P100 latency changes that distinguished high risk from control subjects were lateralized and provide preliminary evidence that perceptual visual stimulus processing is differentially affected in the two groups following ethanol administration. PMID- 3237914 TI - Auditory event-related potentials in children at risk for schizophrenia: the complete initial sample. AB - Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from children of schizophrenic parents, children of parents with affective disorders, and children of parents without a history of psychiatric illness. ERPs were elicited during a modification of the "oddball" paradigm, in which two infrequents (a change in pitch and a missing stimulus) were embedded in a series of frequent background events. The data were recorded from electrodes located at midline frontal, central, parietal, and occipital scalp sites. Diagnostic assessments of the parents were performed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version (SADS-L) and Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). Behavioral assessments of the children were made with a modified version (BGAS) of the Global Assessment Scale. ERP amplitudes for several electrophysiological events were compared among groups for target and nontarget stimuli using analyses of of variance of both factor score and baseline to peak measures. No systematic differences suggesting waveform abnormalities in the children of schizophrenic parents (high-risk subjects) were found. However, when the results were analyzed using only those children whose parents had a "pure" diagnosis of either schizophrenia or affective disorder, the children of affectively disordered parents (psychiatric control subjects) showed significantly lower N100 amplitudes (to the frequent event only) than either the normal control or high-risk subjects. No consistent behavioral differences among the three groups emerged. Since only a small percentage of children at risk will eventually develop schizophrenia, ERP amplitude frequency distribution analyses were also performed and compared among groups. However, these did not provide evidence of an outlying subgroup in any of the three groups. There were complex relationships between ERP component amplitudes and behavioral adjustment in adolescence but, in general, these did not distinguish high-risk and psychiatric control subjects from each other. There was no evidence of a relationship between deviant attentional functioning as measured in an earlier round of laboratory testing and ERP late component amplitude. PMID- 3237915 TI - The Continuous Performance Test, identical pairs version (CPT-IP): I. New findings about sustained attention in normal families. AB - Thirty families, consisting of two parents and two adolescent children, were tested on a high-processing load Continuous Performance Test, the CPT-IP, which required identification of identical stimulus pairs within a continuously presented series of stimuli. The purpose of this study was to provide normative data for research concerned with the role of attention in psychopathology, especially schizophrenia and major affective disorder. Retest data collected from 23 of the 30 families showed the CPT-IP to be a reliable measure of attention. A major developmental effect was found in capacity to sustain attention to spatial vs. verbal stimuli, which suggested that spatial skills are most developed during childhood and adolescence, while verbal attentional skills tend to peak in adulthood. Factor analysis and family transmission patterns further suggested that the two types of attention (spatial and verbal) were independent and that each was heritable to some degree. Experimental distraction did not disrupt performance in any of the subjects and, in fact, tended to improve it in the adolescents, especially for spatial stimuli. We conclude that the CPT-IP is appropriate for use with families containing members differing widely in age and processing skills. PMID- 3237916 TI - Effects of imipramine and phenelzine on plasma PEA levels. PMID- 3237917 TI - Ventricular size in schizophrenia: importance of choice of control subjects. PMID- 3237918 TI - Ventriculomegaly in schizophrenia: the role of control groups and the perils of dichotomous thinking. PMID- 3237919 TI - Death anxiety, state and trait anxiety in Kuwaitian samples. PMID- 3237920 TI - Expectancies of rural and urban parents applying for children's services at community mental health centers. PMID- 3237921 TI - Attitudes, social choices and substance use. PMID- 3237922 TI - Boredom proneness and adolescents' personalities. PMID- 3237923 TI - Differences in locus of control between expectant women and their spouses. PMID- 3237924 TI - Social-desirability responding in the assessment of social skill and anxiety. PMID- 3237925 TI - Comparative analysis of the influence of stress-related variables on adaptation to a new work setting. PMID- 3237926 TI - Recidivism in juvenile offenders: effects of education and length of stay. PMID- 3237927 TI - Relations among four individual difference measures associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and anger coping style. PMID- 3237928 TI - Biofeedback and effects of set and sex with type A and type B college students: an exploratory study. PMID- 3237929 TI - Perfectionism and Millon basic personality patterns. PMID- 3237930 TI - Further evidence of construct and discriminant validities for the Malouff and Schutte Belief Scale. PMID- 3237931 TI - Factor analytic study of irrational beliefs. PMID- 3237932 TI - Attitudes toward animals and personal violence (suicide and homicide). PMID- 3237933 TI - Age, gender-role orientation, and attitudes toward menstruation. PMID- 3237934 TI - The Childcare Attitude Inventory: preliminary norms, reliability and construct validity. PMID- 3237935 TI - Early-developmental exposure to nuclear fallout radiation: interpretive considerations for epidemiological studies of violent death. PMID- 3237936 TI - Early exposure to toxic radiation and violent death: a comment. PMID- 3237937 TI - Work performance, ability, and voluntary turnover among psychiatric aides. PMID- 3237938 TI - Limbic system-frontal lobes' role in subtypes of "atypical rape". PMID- 3237939 TI - Toxic radiation exposure and the epidemiology of violent death: confronting obstacles to productive inquiry. PMID- 3237940 TI - Suicide and life insurance. PMID- 3237941 TI - Opportunity-based suicide rates. PMID- 3237942 TI - Discriminating between substance abusers with single and dual diagnoses using MMPI profiles and the Mac Andrews Alcoholism Scale: Axis I and Axis II subtypes. PMID- 3237943 TI - Can androgyny be assessed with a single scale? PMID- 3237944 TI - Awareness of heart-rate reactivity. PMID- 3237945 TI - Mathematical and statistical analysis of circadian rhythms. AB - The mathematical and statistical analysis of biological time series is complex and often involves specialised techniques. In this article we review several of these techniques, placing particular emphasis on the usefulness, assumptions and kind of data that they require. Because classical methods of time series analysis often require long spans of data that are not frequently available in biological studies, particularly in clinical circumstances, several alternative techniques are described. Where possible, emphasis is placed upon simple rather than esoteric mathematical descriptions of data. Also covered are problems of interpretation that might arise as a result of the mathematical analysis. PMID- 3237946 TI - Effects of the potential antidepressant dihydroergosine in rats forced to swim: influence on plasma corticosterone. AB - The potential antidepressant properties of the ergot alkaloid dihydroergosine (DHESN) were studied in rats forced to swim in a restricted space. DHESN (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) reduced the duration of immobility in rats forced to swim 1 hr after administration. This effect was still present after 48 hr, but 7 hr. In non-swimming rats, the same dose of DHESN increased the plasma corticosterone concentration when administered 1 hr prior to sacrifice, but was without effect 48 hr after administration. In rats forced to swim, DHESN elicited two opposite effects. One hr following a single administration, it increased plasma secretion of corticosterone, whereas administered 48 hr prior to forced swimming, it decreased plasma corticosterone. These results, along with our previous data, give evidence that DHESN might possess antidepressant properties. PMID- 3237947 TI - Prolactin responses to haloperidol in normal young women. AB - The prolactin (PRL) responses to intramuscular haloperidol (HPD) (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg) were evaluated in six normal premenopausal women during the follicular and luteal phases of their menstrual cycles. These were compared to the PRL responses to these doses of HPD in normal young men. PRL responses to HPD did not differ between the follicular and luteal phases. The mean log-transformed PRL response to the lowest HPD dose (0.5 mg) in women was less than that in the men, but the women had greater PRL responses than the men to the higher haloperidol doses (1.0 mg and 1.5 mg). PMID- 3237949 TI - DCR Budapest-Nashville in the diagnosis and classification of functional psychoses. PMID- 3237948 TI - Psychologic and physiologic reactivity to stressors in eating disordered individuals. AB - The present study explored a potential mechanism for the relationship between stressors and binge eating: specifically, whether subjects with behaviors and attitudes reflecting disordered eating show distinctive psychologic or physiologic reactivity to stressors. Female undergraduates participated in a laboratory study involving four psychologically stressful tasks. Blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored, and several psychologic questionnaires were administered. Analyses revealed that the tasks provoked significant cardiovascular and affective responses in both high- and low-disordered eaters. There were no differences between groups in cardiovascular responsivity or mood state in response to diverse stressors. However, those with more disordered eating reported an increased desire to binge in response to the stressors, along with more global stress, lower self-esteem, and lower mastery than the comparison group. The results suggest that the increased desire to binge in response to stressors reported by subjects higher in disordered eating cannot be accounted for by differences in cardiovascular reactivity or negative hedonic state, relative to what subjects low in disordered eating showed in response to the same stressors. PMID- 3237950 TI - Why is it that dysphoric patients do not realize their dysphoric mood? AB - In contrast to the clinical psychopathological approach to emotion, we used aspects of the cognitive emotion theories formulated by Lazarus [1966] and Folkman and Lazarus [1985]. According to these theories, emotion is a product of cognitive appraisal and coping a mechanism regulating emotion. We put into operation four coping types in a two-dimensional way (using the amount of anxiety and social desirability and the repressor-sensitizer concept of Byrne [1961] in the extended version of Krohne [1974]) in order to differentiate 30 patients labeled as 'dysphoric' (n = 15) or 'depressed' (n = 15) from a clinical point of view. It was possible to distinguish subpopulations of dysphoric patients as well as depressed patients (discriminant analysis, analysis of variance), which served as a basis for answering our questions to the effect that a clearly defined group of dysphoric patients - all diagnosed as bipolar manic depressives - predominantly employs rigid repressive coping strategies, i.e. defensively denying anxiety. Thus, rigid defensive reactions (i.e. perceptual defense) prevent a change in the direction of distressing emotions but leave the person in a state of high arousal. This psychological theory of coping disposition agrees very well with the clinical view of dysphoric state. PMID- 3237952 TI - A clinical typology of schizophrenic patients' attitudes towards their illness. AB - A sample of 100 schizophrenic inpatients with relative remission of symptoms was extensively interviewed in order to know their attitudes towards their disorders. Scales were constructed rating essential features, dimensions, and their attitude as a whole. Three types of attitudes were distinguished (isolating, integrating, undecided) as expressing differently directed efforts of patients to cope with their illness. Proportions of the distinguished types of attitudes were estimated and connections between the attitudes and some social and clinical variables were analyzed. PMID- 3237951 TI - Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. 1. Psychopathology. AB - The obsessions and compulsions noted in 16 cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children were compared to the phenomenology seen in 398 cases during a decade. Less obsessions, more compulsions, more frequent washing and repeating compulsions characterised the childhood group. PMID- 3237953 TI - Delusional parasitosis. A comparative study to late-onset schizophrenia and organic mental disorders due to cerebral arteriosclerosis. AB - Delusional parasitosis (DP) was found in about 7 of 10,000 psychiatric admissions. The comparison of patients suffering from DP (n = 20) with 170 cases of late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) and 120 patients diagnosed as organic mental disorder due to cerebral arteriosclerosis (CAS) showed more similarities of DP with organic than with schizophrenic disorders. In addition, the phenomenological analysis supports the classification of the majority of DP cases as organic mental disorders. Even careful analysis cannot always answer the question, whether the main symptoms of DP have to be classified as delusions, hallucinations or misidentifications. PMID- 3237954 TI - Study concerning the sample dependency and temporal variance of the factor structure in the Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale. AB - The stability of the symptom groupings within the Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale (IMPS) was investigated using the psychopathological findings upon admission and at discharge in a collective consisting of 475 inpatients suffering predominantly from psychotic disorders. With respect to the admission data, this collective was enlarged by the addition of a second patient sample containing predominantly neurotic patients, so that the data of a total of 960 patients was available for the analysis of this mixed collective. The results of the factor analyses show, with the exception of the factor 'conceptual disorganization', very good agreement. Most factors could also be reproduced from the discharge data. PMID- 3237955 TI - Variations in anxiety levels during pregnancy and psychosocial factors in relation to obstetric complications. AB - Patterns of variation of state and trait anxiety during pregnancy and after delivery were studied prospectively in relation to some obstetrical and neonatal disturbances. Specific pregnancy anxiety, social support, and coping style were also evaluated. State anxiety in the 3rd month was significantly higher among women with obstetric complications and oscillated during the course of pregnancy, with significantly higher levels in the 3rd and 9th months. No such variations were found in the women with uncomplicated pregnancies. None of the other psychosocial variables examined were related to complications. PMID- 3237956 TI - Effect of artificial insemination with donor semen on the psyche of the husband. AB - It has been argued that artificial insemination with donor semen (AID) can be detrimental to the psyche of the sterile husband. This issue has been scrutinized on a larger scale empirical basis using four groups of husbands whose wives were either pregnant due to AID or were under AID without being pregnant yet or were pregnant without AID or were assumedly fertile without being pregnant. Psychometric data was obtained of the corresponding husbands. The results indicate that AID is no threat to the husbands of all groups. Infertile men do not seem to be a psychological risk group. Fertile men tend to reject AID. PMID- 3237957 TI - Vomiting and nausea in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. AB - Vomiting and nausea occur in many pregnant women, in the first trimester of pregnancy, but the etiology of these symptoms is obscure. A specially constructed questionnaire was administered to 102 pregnant women, in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, in an effort to see with which factors these disturbing symptoms correlated. Our findings showed that vomiting and nausea correlated with: (1) unsuitable diet with big and rare meals; (2) poor communication with the husband; (3) poor communication with the obstetrician and; (4) stress, doubts and inadequate information about pregnancy, childbirth and health of fetus. PMID- 3237958 TI - Three somatic responses in grief. AB - The special instance in which the manifestations of grief are expressed principally in the somatic realm is discussed. Three case histories are presented to illustrate varieties of physical response to bereavement and to illustrate the various mechanisms responsible for the transformation of grief into physical symptomatology and illness. PMID- 3237959 TI - Functional aphonia. A conversion symptom as defensive mechanism against anxiety. AB - Aphonia is the extreme form of a functional voice disorder. 22 female patients with aphonia underwent laryngoscopic and phonic examinations, psychiatric evaluation, psychological testing and biographical history-taking. Results demonstrate a homogeneous clinical picture, but heterogeneous personality structures and conflict situations. All patients are overtaxed by their situation; the conversion reaction is used as a means to express anxiety and maintain self-assertion at the same time. PMID- 3237960 TI - The relationship between alexithymia and depressive symptoms in a sample of newly abstinent alcoholic inpatients. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to measure alexithymia in 90 newly abstinent alcoholism treatment candidates and to examine the relationship between alexithymia and depressive symptoms. Subjects completed the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale (SSPS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at the time of application for care. The correlation between subjects' SSPS scores and their BDI scores was statistically significant (r = -0.398; p less than 0.001). Study participants with high BDI scores tended to be 'more alexithymic' than were those with low BDI scores. The authors conclude that alexithymia may serve as a defensive operation for alcoholic patients denying painful affect. PMID- 3237961 TI - Personality structure of asthmatic and normal children assessed by the Rorschach technique. An experimental study. AB - This paper presents the results of a Rorschach assessment of a group of children with severe asthma (n = 21) compared to a control group (n = 21) of normal school children, matched for age and intellectual abilities. The design allows comparable data on total responses, movement, forms, color and other determinants. The mode of perception differs significantly between the groups. These differences will be discussed according to old hypotheses of personality traits as causative factors in the etiology of asthma. PMID- 3237962 TI - Factor analysis of the evaluation form for selecting patients for short-term anxiety-provoking psychotherapy. The Bergen project on brief dynamic psychotherapy. AB - The selection criteria of Sifneos' short-term anxiety-provoking psychotherapy has been assumed to consist of two separate dimensions, resources and motivation. A factor analysis revealed three factors: ego-resources, motivation for psychotherapy and motivation or desire to change. The resource items on the evaluation form constitute one factor as assumed, it is the items on the motivation section that are split into two independent factors. The evaluation form might become more useful if the motivation items are reorganized according to the two different dimensions of the concept. PMID- 3237963 TI - Hyperprolactinemia and psychological distress in women undergoing chronic hemodialysis. AB - In order to investigate the possible relationship of hyperprolactinemia to psychological distress in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, 19 uremic women were evaluated by a semistructured interview and administered the Kellner Symptom Questionnaire. Group A (10 uremic women with hyperprolactinemia) did not differ significantly in anxiety, depression, somatization and hostility from group B (9 normoprolactinemic uremic women). Both groups rated themselves more depressed and hostile than a normal control group of 10 women, and hyperprolactinemic patients were also significantly more anxious than the normal controls. PMID- 3237964 TI - Prognostic factors in anorexia nervosa. AB - Preclinical inpatient therapy and postclinical prognostic factors concerning 113 cases were empirically scrutinized and hierarchically classified in accordance with their importance, especially in light of the relative weight of somatic, psychologic, or social variables. The criterion is the state of health at the time of follow-up, after 6.4 years. The results thus obtained are the basis of therapy recommendations. PMID- 3237965 TI - Father types of anorexia nervosa patients: the 'bonding', the 'brutal', the 'weak' and the 'absent' father. An empirical study based on a comparison with fathers of a representative normal group. AB - Increased attention has been drawn in recent years to the importance of the father in the genesis of anorexia nervosa. Four types of fathers were identified and investigated by comparing, under this aspect, fathers of 96 most severely affected patients with those of 111 families of a representative normal group. The investigation showed significant differences with regard to the 'bonding' and the 'brutal' father, whereas the 'weak' and the 'absent' father showed no significantly different values; the latter was even more frequent in the Unormal population. The results shall be discussed with regard to anorexia nervosa therapy. PMID- 3237966 TI - Assessment for three different forms of short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Findings from the Bergen Project. AB - Forty-four patients were assessed for three different short-term dynamic therapies, with an evaluation form based on Sifneos' criteria for Short-Term Anxiety-Provoking Psychotherapy (STAPP). Ten patients were ascribed to STAPP, 22 patients to Malan's Brief Psychotherapy (BP), and 12 patients to a more eclectic/integrative form of brief psychotherapy in this project called the FIAT model. 78% of the patients completed their treatment in agreement with the original ascription to therapy, with good results for all three therapies. The evaluation form seems to be a reliable and valid instrument offering a good and systematic basis for designing a tailor-made treatment format for different types of patients. PMID- 3237967 TI - Perception of changes in eating disorder patients during group treatment. AB - The evolution of 53 eating disorder patients during inpatient group treatment has been studied by comparing the perception of changes by the patients themselves, the group members, and the therapeutic team. Remarkable differences were found between the judgments of these three groups. Patients tend to deny problems or to evaluate their progress rather optimistically, whereas fellow patients and staff members are much alike in their sceptical evaluations. It is concluded that the evaluation procedure may have more value as a therapeutic tool than as an assessment method. PMID- 3237968 TI - Psychosocial stress, physical symptoms, and anxiety in Greek students. AB - Specific stressor events may be a function of variables such as age, sex, marital status, and urban-rural differences. Psychosocial stress as measured by a Greek adaptation of the Schedule of Recent Experiences was studied in relation to physical symptoms, manifest anxiety, and social desirability in 138 Greek university students. Psychosocial stress was found to be related to physical symptoms and manifest anxiety only in females. The types of stressor events of the students were different from those of a sample of older Greek teachers. The implications of the findings for Greek culture are discussed. PMID- 3237969 TI - The Greek cancer patient's knowledge and attitudes towards his diagnosis and prognosis. AB - One hundred and sixteen cancer patients were interviewed in order to investigate whether the Greek cancer patient wants to be informed and whether he knows his true diagnosis and prognosis of his illness. A semistructured interview was used and also a number of psychological parameters were assessed. Though only 15.5% of the patients named their real diagnosis, according to the interviewer's assessment 53% were strongly suspicious of their real diagnosis and 55% suspected their real prognosis. Furthermore, 49% when asked directly answered that they wanted to know if they had cancer and 49% disagreed with the policy of withholding the truth from the patient. The policy of telling or not telling the truth to the cancer patient in Greece is discussed in comparison with policies and attitudes in other countries. PMID- 3237970 TI - Brief dynamic psychotherapy for less well-adjusted patients. Pilot study. AB - A twelve-session therapy model ad modum James Mann is described. Selection criteria are outlined. The therapies and systematic follow-up data of 4 well adjusted and 4 less well-adjusted patients are described and compared. Some modifications of technique for the less well-adjusted patients are proposed. PMID- 3237971 TI - Towards enhancing the utility of Beth Israel Hospital Psychosomatic Questionnaire. AB - This study was aimed to develop uniform methods of rating the Beth Israel Hospital Psychosomatic Questionnaire (BIQ) to enhance its reliability and to obtain normative data. Certain guidelines were evolved to rate the items based on responses to probe questions, and the questionnaire administered to a sample of 116 normal subjects. The instrument was found to have adequate internal consistency. Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability, which were tested on two separate samples, were also found to be adequate. Using the cutoff at mean + 1 SD, 9.5% of the subjects studied (6% males and 3.5% females) were identified as alexithymic. Certain limitations of the instrument and directions for future research have been pointed out. PMID- 3237972 TI - Time and its relevance for a successful psychotherapy. AB - Time and the distribution of time have hardly been taken notice of up to the present although they are of great importance when considering the economic perspective. The present study reports on the results found between certain time parameters (e.g. total duration, total number of sessions, number of sessions per week, longer interruptions) and the outcome of psychoanalytic psychotherapies. The sample consists of 76 patients with neurotic, functional or psychosomatic diagnoses. The results support the thesis that not only the quantity of time (number of sessions, duration of therapy), but also the distribution throughout the therapy is associated with the success of therapy. PMID- 3237973 TI - Children at risk of allergic development: the parents' dyadic relationship. AB - The paper describes a study of parents' dyadic interaction in high-/low-risk families (n = 161) with children at risk of asthmatic/allergic development. The high-risk couples tend to consist of a mother who denies negative affects and a dissatisfied father. The high-risk mothers tend to overrate the agreement especially on affective expression. There were no significant differences in dyadic interaction in low-risk couples. The results are discussed according to family communication patterns, repressed conflicts and possible immunological consequences of chronic emotional stress, learned coping and emotional expression styles. PMID- 3237974 TI - [Selected analytic sessions in assessment by the treating analyst and an analytic rater group]. PMID- 3237975 TI - [Evaluation of a community psychotherapy institution]. PMID- 3237976 TI - [Types of disease courses in torticollis spasmodicus--an evaluation study]. PMID- 3237977 TI - Reflex responses of vagal efferent fibres influenced by gastrointestinal mechanoreceptors to electrical afferent stimulation in the anaesthetized ferret. AB - Activity was recorded from 188 vagal efferent fibres, 90% of which showed responses to distension of the stomach and duodenum. Of thirty fibres tested with single-shock vagal stimulation, reflex action potentials were evoked in fifteen, ranging in latency from 39 to 318 ms. Responses at short latency showed little latency-jitter and high response-probability, and those at long latency showed opposite characteristics. This suggests that two pathways are present in the central organization of vagal reflexes to the gut. PMID- 3237978 TI - Tissue electrolytes in the rabbit following chronic dietary potassium depletion. AB - Tissue electrolytes were estimated in rabbits following chronic dietary K+ depletion, and after a week of subsequent K+ repletion. The heart, liver and brain all exhibited protection against K+ loss following K+ depletion, whereas skeletal muscle did not. Both Na+ and total magnesium were elevated in quadriceps, but not in other tissues. After 1 week of K+ repletion the heart and liver both showed a significant overshoot in tissue K+, but no change in total magnesium. It is suggested that the liver may have a similar adaptation to depletion as that reported for the heart (Ward & Cameron, 1984). PMID- 3237979 TI - A new form of asymmetry in epithelia: kinetics of apical and basal sulphate transport in human placenta. AB - Sulphate transport into and out of membrane vesicles prepared from both the brush border and basal surfaces of the human placental trophoblast has been studied. For both surfaces of this epithelium clear evidence of trans-stimulation of influx is seen but for efflux, acceleration of labelled sulphate movement by addition of external sulphate is seen only in basal and not in brush-border membrane vesicles. This kinetic asymmetry may underlie the previously observed, but unexplained, finding that the concentration of sulphate is greater in the fetal than in the maternal circulation. PMID- 3237980 TI - The effects of nickel on contraction and membrane current in isolated rat myocytes. AB - Depolarization of isolated myocytes for several seconds produces a maintained, tonic component of tension. We have found that this is abolished by 5 mM-Ni2+. Furthermore if Ni2+ is applied after the tonic contraction has developed then its relaxation is prevented. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Ni2+ inhibits Na+-Ca2+ exchange. Finally, also consistent with an inhibition of Na+-Ca2+ exchange, Ni2+ abolishes the transient inward current while having no effect on the underlying change of [Ca2+]i. PMID- 3237982 TI - Advantages of burst stimulation for inducing sympathetic salivary secretion in rats. AB - Electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve trunk delivered at 50 Hz in bursts of 1 s every 10 s, evoked a more copious, uniform and reproducible flow of saliva than when delivered at 10 Hz continuously. This advantage of burst stimulation occurred with parotid secretion and was especially evident with secretion from submandibular glands, where the oedema, commonly seen after stimulating the sympathetic nerve continuously, was avoided. Therefore stimulation in bursts is recommended for obtaining sympathetic salivary responses in rats. PMID- 3237981 TI - Sodium dependence of amino acid-stimulated acid secretion in the conscious rat. AB - Gastric acid secretion in conscious gastric-fistulated rats was measured by non recirculating constant gastric perfusion, and extragastric autotitration. Luminal L-amino acids stimulated acid secretion with a potency histidine greater than alanine greater than tryptophan. The response to histidine was concentration dependent, and was inhibited by low pH and by low luminal sodium. These results are consistent with the idea that a sodium-dependent uptake mechanism might, in part, mediate the acid secretory response to intragastric amino acids. PMID- 3237983 TI - Thyroid function in male Zucker rats exposed to cold. AB - Non-obese and obese Zucker rats were exposed to 6 degrees C for 20 days. At the end of the experiment thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), circulating thyroid hormones, and the weights of the thyroid gland and a brown adipose tissue pad were measured. TSH and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine concentrations and brown adipose tissue weights increased in response to cold in both phenotypes but by larger amounts in obese rats. Free thyroxine was lower in obese rats. There appears to be no defect in thyroid function in congenitally obese rats exposed to cold, or in their ability to develop brown adipose tissue. PMID- 3237984 TI - Mechanisms resisting fatigue in isometrically contracting human skeletal muscle. AB - Human adductor pollicis was fatigued during circulatory occlusion by supramaximal stimulation via the ulnar nerve using intermittent trains of stimuli in ascending (1, 10, 20, 50 and 100 Hz) and descending (100, 50, 20, 10 and 1 Hz) frequencies to investigate the contribution of relaxation rate slowing and post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) to fatigue resistance. At 50 and 100 Hz force was initially well maintained despite a marked loss of excitation as indicated by EMG, demonstrating the operation of a high-frequency 'safety factor' which appeared independent of the pattern of stimulation. At 10 Hz, force was initially potentiated before declining during both activity series. Potentiation was greater during the descending frequency series and the rate of decline of force, or fatigability, was reduced. The 'extra' low-frequency potentiation at 10 Hz was not simply the result of PTP of twitch force, since this declined more during the descending than during the ascending series, nor the result of maximal relaxation rate changes which were identical for both fatiguing series. It is hypothesized that the extra potentiation and reduced fatigability at low stimulation frequencies, when preceded by high frequency, is the result of increased myofibrillar Ca2+ availability and/or sensitivity. These findings may have important practical implications in relation to functional electrical stimulation techniques as used in paraplegia and in other areas of muscle research where fatigue is to be minimized. PMID- 3237985 TI - A study of the renal responses in the rat to electrical stimulation of the afferent nerves of the brachial plexus. AB - Brachial nerve stimulation at 3 Hz in sodium pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats, with constant renal arterial pressure, increased systemic blood pressure, did not alter glomerular filtration rate but reduced renal blood flow, absolute and fractional sodium excretions and urine flow. In renally denervated animals, stimulation caused similar changes in blood pressure and renal haemodynamics but significantly smaller reductions in sodium and water excretions. Brachial nerve stimulation at 30 Hz caused changes in blood pressure and renal function identical to those obtained with low-frequency stimulation but these responses were not modified by renal denervation. The results show that renal nerves are necessary to promote sodium and water reabsorption in response to low- but not high-frequency stimulation of the brachial nerves in the rat. PMID- 3237986 TI - The effect of DIDS on fluid reabsorption from the proximal convoluted tubule of the rat: dependence on the presence of bicarbonate. AB - The effects of the anion transport inhibitor DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyano-stilbene 2,2'-disulphonate) on fluid reabsorption by the rat proximal convoluted tubule were investigated by the stationary microperfusion (split-drop) method. Addition of 10(-5) mol 1-1 DIDS to luminal and capillary perfusates in the presence of peritubular bicarbonate (25 mmol 1-1) increased the reabsorptive half-time (t 1/2) from 35.1 +/- 4.5 to 57.0 +/- 6.2 s, corresponding to a decrease in fluid reabsorption (Jv) from 1.33 +/- 0.06 to 0.89 +/- 0.09 nl min-1 mm-1. Omission of bicarbonate per se from the peritubular capillaries reduced Jv to 0.41 +/- 0.03 nl min-1 mm-1 and this reabsorptive flux was completely inhibited by the addition of 2 mmol 1-1 NaCN to both the luminal and peritubular perfusates. In the absence of bicarbonate, the addition of DIDS at either 10(-4) or 10(-5) mol 1-1 to both lumen and capillary perfusates had no significant effect on either t 1/2 or Jv. These results show that the inhibitory action of DIDS on fluid reabsorption is dependent on the presence of bicarbonate. However, the proximal tubule also reabsorbs water in the absence of bicarbonate by a mechanism that is dependent on cellular metabolism, but is insensitive to DIDS at the concentrations used in this study. PMID- 3237987 TI - Inhibition of brain stem neuronal activity by cardiac and pulmonary vagal afferent fibres in the cat. AB - Recordings have been made of the activity of 311 neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and dorsal motor vagal nucleus (DMVN) which responded to stimulation of the cardiac or pulmonary vagal branches in the anaesthetized cat. Eighty-one neurones showed inhibitory effects to vagal branch or vagal trunk stimulation which were exhibited in three different ways. First, the responses of forty neurones evoked by stimulation of one vagal branch were reduced or abolished by stimulation of another vagal branch or the vagal trunk. Second, the spontaneous activity of six neurones, not excited by branch stimulation, was reduced or abolished by vagal branch stimulation, and third, thirty-five neurones showed evidence of reduced excitability to a second stimulus pulse applied to the same branch. The inhibitory effects were characterized by a long time course (mean 932 ms, range 4-10,000 ms), and the latency to onset suggests that both myelinated and non-myelinated afferents are capable of such actions. Inhibitory effects were observed on neuronal elements activated both synaptically, i.e. interneurones, and non-synaptically, i.e. efferent motoneurones or afferent fibres, although no pattern of branches mediating particular effects could be discerned. The possible physiological implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 3237988 TI - Effect of protein intake on gastrin secretion in ruminants. AB - Plasma gastrin concentrations were measured in portal and peripheral circulations in sheep and in cows in response to feeding diets of varying protein content. Mean plasma gastrin concentrations did not increase in response to feeding at either sampling site in contrast with the known response in non-ruminants. Plasma gastrin levels were similar when feeding diets of varying protein content to both sheep and cows and also when comparing portal and peripheral concentrations in sheep. Basal jugular venous gastrin concentrations in the cow at 40.5 +/- 4.13 pg gastrin 17/ml were lower than values measured in sheep portal blood at 67.6 +/- 12.70. The latter, however, was comparable with known values for humans. PMID- 3237989 TI - Optical measurements of intracellular pH in intact isolated muscle fibres and muscle growth cones in culture. AB - Intracellular pH (pHi) has been measured in intact muscle fibres isolated from the mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscle, using the fluorescence of dicyanohydroquinone as an indicator. The pHi in fibres cultured from 1 to 14 days ranged from 7.0 to 8.1. With time in culture, isolated fibres developed growth cone-like extensions from their ends. These 'myocones' were significantly more alkaline by 0.1-0.2 pH units than the parent fibre. Cultured fibres regulated pHi in response to acid loading with an NH4Cl pulse with recovery rate constants of up to 0.8 pH units/min. PMID- 3237990 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomography of the knee joint]. PMID- 3237991 TI - [Phantom studies to simulate the magnitude of factors influencing the analysis of the density of pulmonary nodules in computed tomography]. PMID- 3237992 TI - [Evaluation of the status of the regional lymph nodes in patients with bronchial carcinoma based on the diameter of the lymph nodes as measured in the computer tomogram]. PMID- 3237993 TI - The production of C3, PGE2 and TxB2 by splenic, alveolar, and peritoneal guinea pig macrophages. AB - The synthesis and release of C3, PGE2, and TxB2 by cultured splenic, alveolar and peritoneal guinea pig macrophages in 24 hour culture was determined. There were significant differences in C3 production among all three sources of macrophages. Splenic macrophages produced significantly less PGE2 than alveolar or peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages produced significantly more TxB2 than splenic or alveolar macrophages. The cells from the different sources appear to be different populations of macrophages. PMID- 3237994 TI - Synthesis of beta-oxidation products as potential leukotriene metabolites and their detection in bile of anesthetized rat. AB - Two novel beta-oxidation products of peptido leukotrienes, 16-carboxy-17,18,19,20 tetranor-14,15-dihydro-N-acetyl LTE4 and 18-carboxy-19,20-dinor-N-acetyl LTE4, were prepared by total synthesis and used to identify previously unknown polar rat biliary metabolites. When [3H] LTC4 and synthetic N-acetyl-LTE4 were administered intravenously to anesthetized inbred male rats, extraction of the bile and subsequent reverse-phase HPLC fractionation allowed the isolation of two novel metabolites of N-acetyl-LTE4. Comparison of U.V. spectra and coelution experiments revealed that these metabolites correspond to the above-mentioned synthetic beta-oxidation products. This was further confirmed by the coelution of the corresponding methyl esters. Oxidative ozonolysis of the metabolically produced 16-carboxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-14,15-dihydro-N-acetyl LTE4 (major metabolite) confirmed the absence of the 14,15-unsaturation. The presence of these metabolites indicates that peptide leukotrienes undergo N-acetylation followed by omega and subsequent beta-oxidation in the anesthetized rat. PMID- 3237995 TI - Regulation of prostaglandin synthesis by progesterone in the bovine corpus luteum. AB - The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of progesterone on prostaglandin synthesis by the corpus luteum (CL). Corpora lutea were obtained from dairy cows on days 4, 6, 10, and 18 of the estrous cycle, dissociated, and placed in serum-free culture. The addition of luteinizing hormone (LH) resulted in a slight, but non-significant (p greater than 0.05), increase in levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and had no effect on PGF2 alpha. Progesterone treatment caused a significant, dose-dependent decrease in both PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in 6-day and 10-day corpora lutea, but not in 4-day or 18-day corpora lutea. In the 6- and 10-day corpora lutea, progesterone treatment resulted in a greater inhibition of PGF2 alpha than 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production. Therefore, progesterone treatment brought about an increase in the 6 keto-PGF1 alpha to PGF2 alpha ratio in these cells (12.9 vs. 21.3). It is concluded from these studies that progesterone can modulate luteal prostacyclin and PGF2 alpha synthesis, suggesting an interaction of progesterone and prostaglandin production within the corpus luteum. PMID- 3237996 TI - PGE2-induced desensitization of adenylate cyclase of a murine macrophage-like cell line (P388D1). AB - The mode of PGE2-induced desensitization of the adenylate cyclase of a murine macrophage-like cell line, P388D1 was investigated. The exposure of cells to PGE2 for 60 min induced PGE2-specific desensitization of the adenylate cyclase system which still responded normally to other specific ligand such as isoproterenol, 5' guanylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), or forskolin. The exposure of the cells to PGE2 for 6 hr induced heterologous desensitization, as the responses of adenylate cyclase to PGE2 as well as to isoproterenol or Gpp(NH)p were significantly reduced. The lowest concentration of PGE2 to induce both early homologous and late heterologous desensitization was found to be about two-fold over the KD of the low affinity PGE2-binding sites of P388D1 cells. The early homologous desensitization appeared to be due in part to the reduction in number of PGE2 receptors from the cell surface. The late heterologous desensitization may involve functional and/or structural alteration of Gs proteins, in addition to the reduction of PGE2 receptors from the cell surface. PMID- 3237997 TI - Effect of inhaled platelet-activating factor on circulating neutrophils and platelets in vivo and ex vivo in man. AB - We studied the effect of five successive inhalations of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on airway calibre, circulating neutrophil and platelet counts and the activation of these cells ex vivo in normal subjects. PAF (24 ug) caused a mean maximal fall of the expiratory flow rate at 70% vital capacity from a partial manoeuvre (Vp30) of 46.4 +/- 6.2% (p less than 0.001); there was a tachyphylactic response to further doses of PAF. Circulating neutrophil counts fell by 54.3 +/- 10.6% (p less than 0.005) with immediate recovery and with a rebound neutrophilia by the fifth inhalation. Platelet counts showed no significant changes. Aggregation of platelets in platelet-rich plasma to PAF and ADP in vitro at 15 min after the first, second and fifth PAF inhalations was not significantly altered. Chemiluminescence responses of neutrophils to PAF (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 microM) in vitro were reduced at 15 min after the fifth PAF inhalation, but this was only significant at 1 microM PAF. Methacholine inhalation did not cause any changes in responsiveness of neutrophils to PAF ex vivo. We conclude that ex vivo platelet desensitisation cannot be used as an index of endogenous PAF release, but reduced responsiveness of neutrophils ex vivo is not a sensitive indicator. PMID- 3237998 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis and catabolism in the gastric mucosa: studies in normal rabbits and rabbits immunized with prostaglandin E2. AB - Antral and fundic mucosal homogenates obtained from prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits converted 14C-arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2, 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and prostaglandin D2. Percentage conversion of 14C-arachidonic acid to these prostaglandin products was not significantly different in prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits compared with control rabbits (thyroglobulin-immunized and unimmunized rabbits combined). Synthesis of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandin E2 and 13,14-dihydro 15-keto prostaglandin E2 from endogenous arachidonic acid after vortex mixing fundic mucosal homogenates was similar in prostaglandin E2 immunized rabbits and control rabbits. Both in prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits and controls, 3H prostaglandin E2 was catabolized extensively by the fundic mucosa, whereas 3H-6 keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, 3H-prostaglandin F2 alpha, and 3H-prostaglandin D2 were not catabolized to any appreciable extent. The rate of catabolism of PGs was not significantly different in prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits and control rabbits, with the exception of prostaglandin F2 alpha which was catabolized slightly more rapidly in prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits. These results indicate that development of gastric ulcers in prostaglandin E2-immunized rabbits is not associated with an alteration in the capacity of the gastric mucosa to synthesize or catabolize prostaglandins. PMID- 3237999 TI - Use of simplified substrates for the study of 5-lipoxygenase from RBL-1 cells. AB - 5,8,14-eicosatrienoic (5,8,14-ETA) and 5,8-eicosadienoic (5,8-EDA) acids are converted by the 5-lipoxygenase from RBL-1 cells into 5-hydroperoxy-6,8,14 eicosatrienoic (5-OOH-ETA) and 5-hydroperoxy-6,8-eicosadienoic (5-OOH-EDA) acids, respectively. These hydroperoxy fatty acids, unlike 5-hydroperoxy-6,8,11,14 eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), are not further processed into leukotrienes by the leukotriene A4 synthase activity of 5-lipoxygenase. 5,8,14-ETA was used to establish the saturation kinetics of 5-lipoxygenase in the 100,000g supernatant from RBL-1 cells. The study was performed by measuring the rate of product formation at optimal concentrations of the cofactors, calcium and ATP. Kinetics performed at various concentrations of supernatant did not follow the Michaelis Menten equation. This aspect is discussed in relation to the presence of hydroperoxide-reducing system(s) in the supernatant. 5,8,14-ETA and 5,8-EDA turnover rates were also compared. PMID- 3238000 TI - Effects of low magnesium diet on the vascular prostaglandin and fatty acid metabolism in rats. AB - Deficiency of magnesium with cardiovascular effects is thought to be related to alterations in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) in the vasculature. Measurements were made of the PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) outflow from the perfused isolated mesenteric arterial bed and the fatty acid composition of the tissue in rats maintained for 14 weeks on a low magnesium (LMg) diet. The serum Mg levels were significantly decreased and the serum Ca levels were significantly increased in the LMg group as compared to the controls. The arachidonic acid concentration in the triacylglyceride fraction was significantly increased in the LMg group. Long chain polyunsaturates such as 22:4n6 and 22:6n3 were consistently increased in the LMg rats as compared to the controls in both the phospholipid and triglyceride fractions as previously reported in other tissues. The PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 outflows were significantly increased in the LMg group as compared to the controls. These findings suggest that the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, mainly PGI2, is stimulated in Mg deficiency, and this may provide protection against intracellular Mg depletion and Ca accumulation, so as to counteract to the constricted and hyperreactive state of the vasculature in such a condition. PMID- 3238001 TI - Kinetics of uptake and distribution of arachidonic acid by rat alveolar macrophages. AB - The time course of uptake and distribution of 3H-arachidonic acid (3H-AA) into rat alveolar macrophage phospholipid pools was examined. Macrophages incubated with exogenous 3H-AA in RPMI-1640 containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), incorporated this radiolabel into phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol (PI) with plateaus reached within 2 to 4 hours, which remained relatively constant for up to 18 hours. Incorporation of 3H-AA into phosphatidylethanolamine was small, but continued to increase for 14 hours. Analysis of phosphate content in phospholipid pools revealed that treatment with exogenous 5 nM arachidonic acid had no effect upon pool sizes, but there was a selective incorporation of 3H AA into PI. Cells were incubated with 3H-AA in RPMI alone or medium containing either 0.2% lactalbumin, fetal calf serum at variable concentrations, 10% Nu Serum, or 0.1% BSA. Incubation of macrophages with 3H-AA in RPMI alone or containing 0.2% lactalbumin, resulted in approximately 70% of the radiolabel taken up by the cells being incorporated into triglyceride. The addition of BSA to RPMI-1640 medium was found to facilitate selective uptake of 3H-AA into phospholipids. Approximately 70% of incorporated 3H-AA was releasable through the action of exogenous phospholipase A2. PMID- 3238002 TI - Pertussis toxin blocks an inhibition of hormone-stimulated glycogenolysis by prostaglandin E2 and its analogue in cultured hepatocytes. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 were found to inhibit a hepatic glycogenolysis stimulated by epinephrine in the presence of propranolol (alpha 1 adrenergic response), isoproterenol (beta-adrenergic response) and glucagon in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The inhibitory effects to these stimulations were maximally increased (60-100%) in the cultures on day 2 or 3. Pretreatment of the cultured hepatocytes with pertussis toxin (islet-activating protein) resulted in a complete blockage of the prostaglandin-induced inhibition of glycogenolysis in a dose-dependent manner. Pertussis toxin had no significant effect on the glycogenolysis stimulated by these compounds in the absence of prostaglandin. The data suggest that the hepatic glycogenolysis stimulated by alpha 1- and beta adrenergic responses and glucagon are modulated by the E series of prostaglandins via pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. PMID- 3238003 TI - Effect of 15-HETE on cerebral arterioles of newborn pigs. AB - Effects of topical application of 15-HETE on pial arteriolar diameter and cortical periarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) prostanoid concentrations were investigated in chloralose-anesthetized newborn pigs. Pial arteriolar diameters were measured using a closed cranial window, and CSF samples from under the window were collected for prostanoid analysis after applying artificial CSF without drug and CSF containing 15-HETE (1, 10, 100, 10000 ng/ml). 15-HETE caused significant dose-related constriction from 162 +/- 17.0 microns (control diameter) to 136 +/- 14.5 and 129 +/- 18.7 microns (100 and 1000 ng/ml, respectively). The concentration of PGE2 (but not of PGF2 alpha or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) increased in CSF at 100 and 1000 ng/ml of 15-HETE. Pial arteriolar responses to 15-HETE were determined before and after indomethacin treatment (5 mg/kg, i.v.). 15-HETE (100 ng/ml) constricted pial arterioles before indomethacin (diameter change, -15 +/- 10%); after indomethacin, constriction was potentiated in response to the same dose (diameter change, -26 +/- 7%). These data support the hypothesis that, in newborn piglets, 15-HETE exerts a vasoconstrictor effect on pial arterioles, which appears to be attenuated by 15-HETE-induced stimulation of dilator prostanoids. PMID- 3238004 TI - Characterization of arachidonic acid metabolism in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) and New Zealand white (NZW) rabbit aortas. AB - WHHL rabbits develop progressive atherosclerosis. There are no visible signs of the disease at 1 month, however, by 12 months, the formation of aortic plaques is extensive. This study characterized arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in 1 and 12 month old WHHL and NZW rabbit aortas. Vessels incubated with 14C-AA and A23187 metabolized AA to a number of oxygenated products as identified by high pressure liquid chromatography. The major AA metabolites produced by WHHL and NZW aortas were 6-keto PGF1 alpha, PGE2, 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). The structures of the HETEs were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Indomethacin blocked the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) but not HETEs whereas ETYA, NDGA or removal of the endothelium attenuated the production of both PGs and HETEs. Measurement of 6-keto PGF1 alpha, 12- and 15-HETE by specific radioimmunoassays indicated that as the rabbits aged and as atherosclerosis progressed, aortas lost the ability to synthesize 6-keto PGF1 alpha and 15-HETE. Prior to the development of atherosclerosis, 1 month old WHHL aortas produced 70% less 15-HETE than did NZW aortas. Atherosclerotic aortas from 12 month old WHHLs synthesized 60% less 6-keto PGF1 alpha during stimulation with AA or A23187 than did 12 month old NZW aortas. We conclude that the development and expression of atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits impairs the ability of aortas to metabolize AA to both PGs and HETEs. PMID- 3238005 TI - Inhibitory effects of a lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid on antagonism of leukotriene C4-induced contractions of isolated guinea-pig trachea. AB - We have studied the effects of a lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on antagonism of leukotriene (LT) C4-induced contractions of isolated guinea-pig trachea and the results were compared to that of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. NDGA (30 microM) as well as indomethacin (5 microM) inhibited LTC4-induced contractions. But, in the presence of indomethacin NDGA was ineffective to inhibit the LTC4 response, whereas two other lipoxygenase inhibitors, phenidone (3-30 microM) and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA, 10 microM), markedly inhibited it. The antagonist action of an LTD4 receptor antagonist FPL55712 against LTC4-induced contractions was significantly reduced by NDGA (10-30 microM), but indomethacin had no effect on it. NDGA possessed the same inhibitory effect on the LTC4 antagonism in the presence of indomethacin, but 0.3 microM phenidone and 1 microM ETYA which did not inhibit the LTC4 response had no effect on it. NDGA also inhibited the relaxant response of isoproterenol on the contraction elicited by 30 nM LTC4, but did not affect those of forskolin and aminophylline. The relaxant response of isoproterenol on the LTC4 response was not inhibited by indomethacin, 0.3 microM phenidone and 1 microM ETYA. In the presence of a gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase inhibitor, L serine borate (SB, 45 mM), NDGA had no effect on the LTC4 antagonism and the relaxant response of isoproterenol. In contrast, NDGA significantly inhibited the relaxant response of isoproterenol on 30 microM histamine- and 30 microM acetylcholine-induced contractions, but it did not affect the histamine antagonism by a histamine H1-blocker pyrilamine. These results suggest that some putative non-prostanoids are involved in LTC4-induced contractions of guinea-pig trachea and which regulate the effects of LTD4 antagonism and beta-adrenoceptor activation. PMID- 3238006 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of prostaglandin F2 alpha induced luteolysis in rats. AB - The effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) administration on the utilization of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and progesterone secretion were examined in dispersed luteal cells from rat ovaries. Immature rats were rendered pseudopregnant with administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin. Animals were sacrificed at different times after PGF2 alpha (5 mg/kg) or vehicle administration on day-5 of pseudopregnancy. Administration of PGF2 alpha in vivo decreased human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) binding to luteal cell membranes in vitro but enhanced binding of LDL. Utilization of labelled cholesterol for steroid synthesis from reconstituted LDL [(3H)-CL-LDL] by dispersed luteal cells was enhanced following PGF2 alpha administration. This suggests that the LDL pathway is not suppressed during prostaglandin induced luteolysis. Progesterone and total progestin secretion in response to N6-2'-0-Dibutyryladenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) was decreased at 2, 4 and 24 hours following PGF2 alpha administration demonstrating a post-cAMP defect in steroidogenesis. Addition of the hydroxylated sterols, 20 or 25-OH cholesterol as substrate stimulated progesterone secretion in vehicle treated rats in a dose dependent fashion with 20-OH cholesterol being more potent. Progesterone secretion in response to stimulation with luteinizing hormone (LH) and cAMP from vehicle treated rats was less than that observed with 20 or 25-OH cholesterol, indicating that endogenous substrate may be a limiting factor in steroid synthesis. The maximal capacity of luteal tissue to produce progestins following PGF2 alpha administration was determined with 20-OH cholesterol as the substrate. The results suggest that the post-cAMP defect at 4 hours following PGF2 alpha administration may be due to failure of the cells to mobilize endogenous cholesterol. However at 24 hours following PGF2 alpha administration the decreased ability of luteal cells to convert cholesterol to pregnenolone may contribute to decreased progesterone synthesis. PMID- 3238007 TI - Prostaglandin E2 output is greater by isolated rat gastric parietal cells than non-parietal cells. PMID- 3238008 TI - Prostaglandin E2 output by isolated rat gastric parietal cells and non-parietal epithelial cells. AB - Prostaglandins have acid antisecretory and cytoprotective effects in gastric mucosa when given exogenously. This study's purpose was to isolate preparations of parietal and non-parietal cells from rat stomachs and to compare prostaglandin output by these cells. Gastric epithelial cells were isolated from rat stomachs using pronase. Cells from different incubation times were collected separately and enriched by discontinuous Percoll gradient. Cell types were identified by hematoxylin and eosin stain, succinic dehydrogenase activity (parietal cells), periodic acid Schiff staining (mucous cells), Bowie staining (chief cells) and electron microscopy. Prostaglandin E2 activity was measured by radio-immunoassay. Parietal cells were purified to over 90% while the non-parietal preparation contained 67% chief cells and over 31% mucous cells. By electron-microscopy, cell integrity was seen to be maintained. The parietal cell enriched fraction contained two and one-half times the amount of prostaglandin E2 that the non parietal chief cell enriched fraction did, p less than 0.01. These results raise the question as to whether output of PGE2 by parietal cells could play a role in modulating gastric acid secretion directly by parietal cells as well as in protecting the deeper layers of gastric mucosa against damaging agents in-vivo. PMID- 3238009 TI - Structure requirements for antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of marine coral prostanoids from the Japanese stolonifer Clavularia viridis against human myeloid leukemia cells in culture. AB - The structural requirements for antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of marine coral prostanoids from Japanese stolonifer Clavularia viridis and related compounds were examined in HL-60 cells in culture. From our data on the structure activity relationship of these compounds, we elucidated that 1) the alkylidenecyclopentenone structure in these prostanoids was required for the antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against HL-60 cells, but the epoxy prostanoids without cross-conjugated cyclopentenone system had the activities; 2) the presence of hydroxyl group at C-12 position in the prostanoids enhanced the activities, but the stereospecificity of the 12-hydroxyl group was not required for the activities; 3) the introduction of halogen atom at C-10 position of the prostanoids potentiated the activities (Cl greater than Br = I greater than H); 4) the introduction of blocking groups for blocking beta-oxidation to the alpha side chain of the prostanoids did not cause the marked increase of the activities; 5) the presence of dienone (C5-6 and C7-8) in the structure potentiated the activities. These results provide the basis for drug-design of a new class of antitumor agent from marine coral prostanoids. PMID- 3238010 TI - PAF increases vascular permeability in selected tissues: effect of BN-52021 and L 655,240. AB - The effect of the potent inflammatory mediator, platelet activating factor (PAF) was studied on the vascular permeability of selected rat tissues using the extravasation of Evans blue dye (EB) as a marker. EB (20 mg/kg) was injected in the caudal vein together with increasing doses of PAF (0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 micrograms/kg). The animals were killed and the dye was extracted in selected organs using formamide (4 ml/g wet weight tissues) and the content was expressed as EB micrograms/g dry weight. Extravasation of EB varied markedly from one tissue to another and increased as a function of time (from 0 to 60 min). PAF (5.0 micrograms/kg) increased the pancreas and duodenum vascular permeability by 15 and 5 fold respectively. At the doses of 0.1 and 1.0 microgram/kg, PAF induced a slight increase (P less than 0.01) of the vascular permeability of the heart 5 min after the injection. The PAF antagonist BN-52021 (2 and 10 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the PAF effects on the pancreas, heart and duodenum. Maximum inhibition (approximately 100%) was achieved at the dose of 10 mg/kg. This antagonist given in the absence or the presence of PAF reduced the lung plasma extravasation below control levels. A thromboxane antagonist, L-655,240 (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) also inhibited PAF-induced increases in vascular permeability in heart, duodenum and pancreas. It also reduced below control levels the EB extravasation in kidneys, spleen and lungs. Maximum inhibition (50% for the duodenum, and 40% for the pancreas) was achieved at the dose of 5.0 mg/kg. PMID- 3238011 TI - Tissue levels of prostaglandins and what do they mean? Studies on the guinea-pig uterus. AB - The ratios of the concentrations of PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in guinea-pig uterine horns, which were removed and placed in ethanol in 1.5 to 2 min, were 0.3:1.0:0.6 on day 7 and 13.8:1.0:0.8 on day 15 of the oestrous cycle. Adding indomethacin (10 micrograms/ml) to the ethanol had no significant effect on the tissue levels observed. These ratios were similar to the ratios of the outputs of PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from the guinea-pig uterus (0.6:1.0:0.9 on day 7 and 7.6:1.0:1.5 on day 15), but were different (particularly on day 7, but only for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha on day 15) to the ratios of the amounts of the three PGs synthesized by homogenates of the guinea-pig uterus (7.2:1.0:2.4 on day 7 and 11.7:1.0:3.3 on day 15). Consequently, the measurement of tissue levels of PGs in the guinea-pig uterus reflects PG synthesis by intact tissue and changes in this synthesis, rather than PG synthesis by homogenates (broken cell preparations). Therefore, it appears meaningful to measure levels of PGs in the guinea-pig uterus since they reflect uterine PG output. Separation of the endometrium from the myometrium, which involved handling and mild trauma, stimulated uterine PG levels, but the ratio of the levels of PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the endometrium was still similar to that found in the non-separated uterus. PMID- 3238012 TI - [Diagnostic usefulness of epidermal tests with potassium dichromate in different solutions]. PMID- 3238013 TI - [Treatment of multiple leiomyomata with nifedipine]. PMID- 3238014 TI - [Persistent hand warts after long-term treatment of eczema with steroid ointments]. PMID- 3238015 TI - [Miliary cystomatosis and disseminated alopecia]. PMID- 3238016 TI - [Albamycin T in the treatment of gonorrhea]. PMID- 3238017 TI - [Angiokeratoma simulating malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3238018 TI - [Giant nevus comedonicus]. PMID- 3238019 TI - [Evaluation of sensitizing properties of preparations containing silver salt of sulfathiazole (cream, spray)]. PMID- 3238020 TI - [Reconstruction of early seduction]. PMID- 3238021 TI - [Pop music, puberty and narcissism]. PMID- 3238022 TI - [The significance of Freud's dream theory in the light of computer knowledge]. PMID- 3238023 TI - [Psychoanalysis and politics in Brazil]. PMID- 3238024 TI - Depression and anxiety in patients with chronic pelvic pain. PMID- 3238025 TI - Diurnal weight gain as an index of polyuria and hyponatremia among chronically psychotic patients. PMID- 3238026 TI - Nomograms of polyuria for men and women with psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP syndrome). PMID- 3238027 TI - Factors influencing outpatient attrition. PMID- 3238028 TI - Physical symptoms reported by patients with bulimia and patients with depression. PMID- 3238029 TI - Identifying major depression with psychosis. PMID- 3238030 TI - Delirium. PMID- 3238031 TI - [Surface active compounds present in the dialysate from patients with uremia]. PMID- 3238032 TI - [Effect of cryotherapy with extremely cold air on blood flow in the leg muscles]. PMID- 3238033 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of invasive cancer of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 3238034 TI - [Etiology and therapy of primary bacterial pneumonia in our practice]. PMID- 3238035 TI - [Changes in protein fractions and serum immunoglobulins in persons occupationally exposed to lead]. PMID- 3238036 TI - [Evaluation of the cardiovascular system in pregnancy]. PMID- 3238037 TI - [Hypertension in pregnancy: its diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3238038 TI - [Carditis and pregnancy]. PMID- 3238039 TI - [Clinical analysis of 50 cases of polythelia]. PMID- 3238040 TI - [Effect of cryotherapy with extremely cold air on the electric resistance of the skin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3238041 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: analysis of its clinical forms and course]. PMID- 3238042 TI - [Effect of long-term irradiation of the skin on calcium-phosphate metabolism and the 25-OH-D level in patients with chronic diseases of the digestive system]. PMID- 3238043 TI - [Value of bronchoscopic examination in the diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory tract. III. Bronchoalveolar lavage]. PMID- 3238044 TI - [Evaluation of circadian activities of humans based on electrocardiographic recording by the Holter method]. PMID- 3238045 TI - [Disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction in pregnancy]. PMID- 3238046 TI - [Heart defects and pregnancy]. PMID- 3238047 TI - [Prevention and control of circulatory disorders among the population. I. Report of the Expert Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO)]. PMID- 3238048 TI - [Necrosis of a postoperative uterine wound after cesarean section]. PMID- 3238049 TI - Actions of gastrin-releasing peptide and related mammalian and amphibian peptides on ion transport in the porcine proximal jejunum. AB - The 27-amino acid peptide gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and the decapeptide neuromedin B (NMB) are structurally related to bombesin (BB) and exist within the mammalian small intestine. We examined the actions of porcine GRP and NMB on ion transport in the porcine proximal jejunum in vitro and compared their activities to those of their respective C-terminal amphibian homologs BB and ranatensin (RT). The 4 peptides transiently increased potential difference and short-circuit current (Isc) in jejunal mucosal sheets after their serosal administration in subnanomolar concentrations with an order of potency: GRP approximately RT greater than or equal to NMB greater than BB. BB and RT were more effective in elevating Isc than GRP and NMB; all peptides had variable effects on tissue conductance. Mucosal Isc responses to GRP (1 nM) were due in part to a stimulation of net Cl- secretion. GRP-induced Isc increases were halved by serosal furosemide (0.3 mM) and reduced by 65% and 90% in tissue bathing solutions lacking Cl- or Cl- and HCO3-, respectively. Tetrodotoxin reduced Isc responses to the peptide by 40%; GRP activity remained unaffected after blockade of gut muscarinic or nicotinic cholinergic receptors by atropine or hexamethonium, respectively. These results suggest that GRP and its natural homologs stimulate active electrogenic Cl- secretion in the porcine jejunum through interactions with GRP receptors located in the intestinal mucosa and submucosa. PMID- 3238050 TI - Hypergastrinaemia evoked by omeprazole stimulates growth of gastric mucosa but not of pancreas or intestines in hamster, guinea pig and chicken. AB - Treatment of chickens, hamsters and guinea-pigs with the long-acting anti secretagogue omeprazole resulted in elevated levels of serum gastrin. The chickens received 400 mumol/kg by i.m. injection once daily, the hamsters and guinea-pigs received the same dose by the oral route once daily. In all 3 species omeprazole raised the intragastric pH to 4, measured 12-14 h after the administration of the drug. After 10 weeks of treatment, trophic changes were observed in the stomach of hamster and guinea pig and in the proventriculus of chicken. The trophic changes were manifested in a greatly increased stomach weight and gastric mucosal mass. There were no trophic effects outside the stomach (or proventriculus). The results are in agreement with previous observations in the rat and support the view that long-lasting sustained hypergastrinaemia causes trophic changes in the stomach but not in the pancreas or in the intestines. PMID- 3238051 TI - Peptide histidine methionine (PHM) increases ileostomy output. AB - The human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene also encodes peptides histidine methionine (PHM) which has substantial sequence homology with VIP. Both are present in nerve fibers in the human ileum and circulate in greatly increased concentrations in patients with the watery diarrhoea syndrome. We have infused PHM (23 pmol/kg/min) into 5 patients with ileostomies to determine the effect of PHM on human ileal output. Plasma PHM levels rose from 22 +/- 6 to 6013 +/- 874 pM (mean +/- S.E.M.) during PHM infusions and ileal output rose from 16 +/- 3 to 177 +/- 27 g/30 min (P less than 0.0001). PHM infusions also produced a significant fall in the percentage of solid material and a rise in the concentration of chloride in the ileal effluent. Mean plasma PHM concentrations during PHM infusions were equal to the highest levels seen in patients with the watery diarrhoea syndrome, so PHM may contribute to diarrhoea in this condition. Neuronal PHM may exert physiological control over ileal transport of water and electrolytes. PMID- 3238052 TI - Immunoreactive glucagons purified from dog pancreas, stomach and ileum. AB - Previous studies have shown that pig intestine contains a 69 amino acid glucagon (glicentin) as well as a 37 amino acid glucagon (oxyntomodulin). In pig pancreas the 29 amino acid glucagon predominates. Since glucagon is thought to be expressed from a single gene in mammals, these differences in molecular forms indicate differential posttranslational processing of the glucagon precursor by different tissues. In the current study glucagon immunoreactivity (IR) was separately purified from dog pancreas, stomach mucosa and ileum mucosa. Purification and sequence analysis of the different tissue glucagons show that dog pancreas and stomach mucosa contain glucagon-29 while ileum mucosa contains glucagon-37 and glucagon-69. The latter is the major form present with glucagon 37 accounting for only 10-20% of the total ileum glucagon content. The N-terminal 32 amino acid portion of dog glucagon-69 differs at 6 sites from pig glucagon-69: RSLQDTEEKSRSFSAPQTEPLNDLDQMNEDKR... The C-terminal glucagon-37 is identical to pig oxyntomodulin. PMID- 3238053 TI - Neuropeptide Y: prejunctional inhibition of vagally induced contractions in the guinea pig trachea. AB - The effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the contractile response to vagus nerve stimulation at different frequencies was studied in an isolated tracheal tube preparation from guinea pig. NPY had no effect on basal smooth muscle tension or on the contractile effect of carbachol, but inhibited vagally induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner with a greater inhibition at low frequencies than at high. We suggest that the effect is exerted prejunctionally. PMID- 3238054 TI - Neuropeptide Y and control of vascular resistance in skeletal muscle. AB - The effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the increase in skeletal muscle vascular resistance caused by exogenous noradrenaline and by sympathetic stimulation was examined in gracilis muscles of anaesthetised dogs. NPY potentiated the increases in resistance caused by both of these to similar degrees. Although NPY itself often caused an elevation in the basal resistance, correlation coefficients for the percentage increase in basal resistance due to NPY and the percentage increase in the evoked sympathetic and noradrenergic responses in the presence of NPY indicated that it was the NPY itself (rather than the increase in basal resistance per se) which was responsible for the potentiation. The potentiation was apparently biphasic, with an initial peak in response during the first 20 min following administration of NPY followed by a secondary peak between 30 and 60 min. Radioimmunoassay for plasma levels of NPY indicated that the secondary increase of vascular resistance was not associated with a secondary peak in the plasma level of NPY. PMID- 3238056 TI - Waiting for the matchmaker: de minimis and drinking water standards. PMID- 3238055 TI - Angiotensin acts at the subfornical organ to increase plasma oxytocin concentrations in the rat. AB - We have examined the effects of systemic angiotensin II (AII) on plasma oxytocin (OXY) concentrations in freely moving male Sprague-Dawley rats. We have also examined the role of the subfornical organ (SFO) as a CNS site at which circulating AII acts to influence secretion of this neurohypophysial peptide. OXY concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma samples obtained by drawing blood samples through indwelling atrial catheters. In SFO intact animals (n = 8) AII infusion (1.0 microgram/kg/min) resulted in increases in plasma OXY concentrations from baseline values of 6.8 +/- 2.5 pg/ml to postinfusion concentrations of 44.9 +/- 11.9 pg/ml. In a second series of experiments electrolytic lesions were placed in the region of the SFO prior to testing the effects of AII infusion on OXY concentrations. Two further experimental groups were thus established according to the histologically verified location of lesions in either the rostral or caudal SFO. In the caudal SFO lesioned group AII infusion resulted in increases in plasma OXY concentrations from control values of 6.9 +/- 1.4 pg/ml to postinfusion levels of 45.1 +/- 9.8 pg/ml. These changes were not significantly different from the SFO intact group. In contrast rostral SFO lesions resulted in significantly elevated basal concentrations of OXY (17.4 +/- 3.4 pg/ml, n = 6) while postinfusion concentrations were found to be 22.8 +/- 4.9 pg/ml indicating that AII infusion was without effect following such lesions. These data are in accordance with the hypothesis that circulating AII acts at the SFO to influence SFO efferents which in turn activate OXY secreting neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei. These neuroendocrine cells then release this peptide into the systemic circulation from the posterior pituitary. PMID- 3238057 TI - Ideals and reality in actual regulatory experience. PMID- 3238058 TI - Measuring and comparing risks to establish a de minimis risk level. PMID- 3238059 TI - Playing it safe is dangerous. AB - Understanding the cause of the substantial (and growing) degree of health and safety that has been achieved in the Western world is important. It cannot be wise to degrade the health and safety already achieved by undermining the mechanisms responsible for it, yet that is exactly what is happening. Toxicologists, who know better, must take their share of the blame. PMID- 3238060 TI - Drinking water standards and risk assessment. AB - The role and use of risk assessment methods in the establishment of drinking water standards are described with emphasis on recent applications. The process essentially includes an attempt to quantify human exposure from all routes including drinking water, animal toxicology, and human epidemiology, when available, to arrive at drinking water concentrations at which exposure would result in "no known or anticipated adverse effects on health, with a margin of safety." The process itself is straightforward; however, the application to decision making for substances that are considered to be potentially nonthreshold acting in their toxicity (e.g., carcinogenic) requires many policy choices beyond the scientific data and is subject to considerable controversy. PMID- 3238061 TI - Is American environmental policy ready for de minimis risks in water? PMID- 3238062 TI - A concept for detecting unexpected changes in the environment early. AB - A project was established under the auspices of the German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology with the task of developing a concept for the early recognition of signals for unexpected deleterious changes in the environment. Predictive assessments of products (e.g., chemicals) and technologies as regards their potential environmental impacts contain numerous sources of error and uncertainties. Therefore, appropriate observation systems are needed in order to detect unexpected developments in the environment and in human health. Long-term storage of samples (environmental specimen banking) is the third basic activity that must be undertaken within an early warning system. When monitoring the environment for unwanted changes, it is not sufficient to trace some individual agents, preselected for their well-known capacity to inflict harm. The following avenues of identifying symptoms of change in the environment were identified: development and deployment of "key indicators"; acquisition and correlative treatment of conventional monitoring data from different sources; and execution of concise studies in environmental problem areas. Key indicators are defined as scientific measurement and observation methods which respond to early stages of anthropogenically induced environmental changes and are capable of responding to a multitude of simultaneously present agents. A series of examples is discussed. Approaches concerning how the statistical evaluation of available sets of environment-related data could reveal unexpected developments are presented. PMID- 3238063 TI - EPA as a public health agency. AB - Much of EPA's actions are driven by concerns for public health. The public's perception of the potential adverse consequences to their health of chemical and physical agents in the general environment is a common motivating force in setting EPA's agenda and in making regulatory decisions. Despite its responsibilities in public health, and the major role that public health plays in its decision making, EPA is not part of the Department of Health and Human Services, the federal cabinent-level department with primary responsibility for human health. Rather, EPA is an independent agency with its own Administrator who is the decision maker for over a dozen legislative acts, many of which are based on public health concerns. For very few of these laws is there more than a minimal tie to the activities of classic public health agencies in the Department of Health and Human Services. Unfortunately, this organizational approach has led to a relative lack of individuals trained in the discipline of public health which hinders EPA's ability to approach public health problems. While there are many good reasons to keep EPA a separate entity from the Department of Health and Human Services, it is imperative there be close cooperation between EPA and the appropriate units of the U.S. Public Health Service. Most importantly, the number of people within EPA who are trained in public health disciplines must be increased. As a corollary there must be a concerted effort to educate students in a manner responsive to the need for public health manpower at EPA and at State and local agencies active directly or indirectly in environmental health issues. PMID- 3238064 TI - Postnatal testing--a regulator's viewpoint. AB - In the UK the requirement to test animals for postnatal effects currently only applies to human medicines. The requirement was introduced in 1975 with general guidelines. They state that in the fertility and in some cases in the perinatal studies, in addition to testing the reproductive capacity of the offspring, the late effects of the drug on the progeny, in terms of auditory, visual, and behavioural function, should be assessed. Over the last 12 years this requirement has been interpreted very widely by the pharmaceutical industry. The postnatal studies submitted vary from the simple indices of physical development undertaken on some compounds to a wide variety of more complex behavioural tests undertaken on others. The types of postnatal tests presented on new chemical entity medicinal products are discussed, particularly those undertaken on drugs with therapeutic actions on the central nervous system. The results of the postnatal tests and their role in the assessment of the safety of new drugs are discussed. PMID- 3238065 TI - Guidelines for nonclinical toxicology studies for chemical warfare agent (CWA) antidotes and pretreatments. AB - The following is a review of FDA's guidelines for nonclinical toxicology studies as applied to chemical warfare agent (CWA) antidotes and pretreatments. These specific guidelines are of major interest to the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command which is a full-scale developer of pharmaceuticals and active in the research and development of antidotes and pretreatments against CWAs. Antidotes and pretreatments against CWAs are unique classes of drugs whose nonclinical requirements are unlike most other pharmaceuticals. However, these guidelines have general applicability to pharmaceutical developers in the private sector and apply to any antidote or pretreatment regardless of the indication. PMID- 3238066 TI - [Immunologic evaluation of patients with human immunodeficiency virus]. PMID- 3238067 TI - [Familial dilated cardiomyopathy in Panama]. PMID- 3238068 TI - [Hereditary prolonged Q-T interval syndrome: Romano-Ward type]. PMID- 3238070 TI - [Incidence of hepatitis surface antigen among blood donors]. PMID- 3238071 TI - [Behcet syndrome: apropos of a new case]. PMID- 3238069 TI - [Cancer of the duodenum]. PMID- 3238072 TI - [Effect of the pollution of the waters of the Pacific on Mithrax spinosissimus (king crab, centolla, etc.), (Decapoda: Majidae)]. PMID- 3238073 TI - [Bothrops ophryomegas Bocourt (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Costa Rica: distribution, lepidosis, sexual variation and karyotype]. AB - The distribution, karyotype and morphological characteristics of Bothrops ophryomegas from Costa Rica are described. This species presents a conspicuous sexual dimorphism and dichromatism. It is distributed in the dry forest areas of Guanacaste and Puntarenas. Its karyotype is indistinguisable from those described for other crotaline species. PMID- 3238074 TI - [Reproductive biology of the Central American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus durissus (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Costa Rica]. AB - In Costa Rica, rattlesnakes mate during the early dry season (December and January) and births occur in the early rainy season (May-July). Gestation is therefore about 6 months. The mean number of offspring is 22.9 and is significantly correlated with the size of the female. Newborn rattlesnakes are 27.5-43.0 cm in length and weight 11.4-46.3 g. They are relatively docile. Adult males are longer and heavier than females. Females seem to have their first litter when their size exceeds 120 cm. PMID- 3238075 TI - [Ecologic and genetic patterns of adaptation in the Guaymi Amerindians of Costa Rica and Panama]. AB - Some anthropological and genetic features of the Guaymi Amerindian group of Costa Rica and Panama are described in an ecological context. The fission-fusion phenomenon and the lineal effect are present; however, there are some important differences in relation to other hunter gatherer indian groups. These adaptation patterns are important for the genetic structure and evolution of the Guaymi Amerindians in the Intermediate Zone. PMID- 3238076 TI - [Reproductive cycles of the coral snake Micrurus nigrocinctus (Serpentes: Elapidae) in Costa Rica]. AB - The coral snake Micrurus nigrocinctus has two reproductive patterns in Costa Rica. Specimens of the Pacific population (M. n. nigrocinctus) mate during the early dry season (November, January). Oviposition takes place in February and March; the mean number of eggs was 7.9 (5-14) in this population. Births occur between April and June after 47-81 days of incubation. The total length of neonates is 168-212 mm, and the weight is 1.2-2.0 g. Specimens of the Atlantic population (M. n. mosquitensis) seem to have an extended breeding season. Oviposition in this subspecies was observed in March and June; the mean number of eggs was 6.7 (5-8). Births take place in May and August, after two months of incubation. Neonates have 173-189 mm in total length and 1.9-2.4 g in mass. Adult females are longer than males, especially in M. n. mosquitensis. PMID- 3238077 TI - [Characteristics of the venoms and digestive secretions of Aphonopelma seemanni and Sphaerobothria hoffmanni (Araneae: Theraphosidae) of Costa Rica]. AB - A comparison of some components of the venoms of two Costa Rican tarantulas, Aphonopelma seemanni (Cambridge) and Sphaerobothria hoffmanni (Karsch) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows patterns similar to those of Dugesiella hentzi (Girard), a North American tarantula. The digestive secretions have proteins that do not enter the 15% gels; thus no bands are observed. The method used by the tarantulas to consume their prey involves the action of both the venom and the digestive secretions. The percent protein, pH, proteolytic activity and hemolytic activity of venom and digestive secretions of both species were determined, and a high proteolytic activity for digestive secretions was found. PMID- 3238078 TI - [Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and allied species (Fungi: Pleurotaceae) upon semi-sterile natural media]. AB - Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Quelet and its allies are edible mushrooms whose cultivation is successful in parts of Europe and Asia. In Costa Rica only Agaricus bisporus has been commercially cultured, but requires elaborate facilities. The use of waste material (e.g. sawdust, rice straw, sugar cane debris) and non-controlled environmental conditions suitable for easy artisanal cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus is reported here. PMID- 3238079 TI - [Spermatogonia types in tepezcuintle (Cuniculus paca). Ultrastructural study]. AB - Ultrastructural studies of different types of spermatogonia by thin section techniques and transmission electron microscopy showed that Cuniculus paca has two types of Type A spermatogonia (A-O and A-1). Samples were taken at different stages of the cycle in the seminiferous tubule epithelium presented a similar pattern as those of other rodents. Type B spermatogonia are similar to those of the rat, the difference being that the heterochromatic zones are larger and more numerous. Both characteristics differentiate them from preleptotenic spermatocytes. PMID- 3238080 TI - A schistosomiasis transmission model incorporating concomitant immunity. PMID- 3238081 TI - [Thrombopenia induced by heparin in orthopedic surgery. Apropos of 12 cases]. AB - Treatment with heparin for the prevention of thrombosis in orthopaedic surgery may sometimes be responsible for thrombopenia. This can be associated with arterial or venous thrombotic complications. Twelve cases of heparin-induced thrombopenia are reported here. Three cases were demonstrated by a diminution of the platelet count which reversed when heparin treatment was discontinued. Nine patients presented with arterial and/or venous thromboses whose progress was favourable in the long term. The replacement of heparin treatment by anti-vitamin K from the 5th or 6th day can avoid the thrombotic complications of heparin induced thrombopenia. PMID- 3238082 TI - [Antibiotic-loaded orthopedic cements. Pharmacokinetics and bone level]. AB - A mechanical study in the laboratory of 10 types of cement has shown that the characteristics of low viscosity antibiotic-loaded cements are comparable with those of standard cement without antibiotic and of standard viscosity. A study of the release of Gentamycin in 26 patients treated by total hip replacement showed that the concentration of antibiotic in the drainage fluid was much greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration whereas the low blood concentration gave no risk of ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity. This method of administration achieved antibiotic concentrations in the tissues in contact with the prosthesis 10 times greater than those obtained by injection. In sheep, the intra-osseous concentration was studied in 32 femora after insertion of low viscosity Gentamycin-loaded cement. The levels remained raised to 4 times the minimum inhibitory concentration for up to one year after operation, even with cements with a low concentration of antibiotic of 0.6 g/dose. The concentrations obtained in the drainage fluid, in the peri-prosthetic tissues and especially in bone, confirm the effectiveness and the prolonged action of antibiotic therapy by cement and its value in the revision of infected prostheses and in prophylaxis in primary surgery. This justifies the further study of combinations of cement with new antibiotics with a broader spectrum than Gentamycin since there is no concern with the cements currently in use that the mechanical quality is less than that of standard cement. PMID- 3238083 TI - [Percutaneous arthrolysis under arthroscopic control and manipulation under anesthesia in the treatment of postoperative stiffness of the knee]. AB - In the post-operative management of surgery of the knee complicated by stiffness, the results of manipulation under anaesthesia and percutaneous release of adhesions under arthroscopy have been compared in two groups of twenty and twenty four patients. The two groups were identical in age, 32 years, in the cause, which was ligamentous surgery in 85 per cent and in their level of activity. Arthroscopic release was performed in 90 per cent of cases under continuous peridural anaesthesia whilst manipulations were performed under general anaesthesia in 75 per cent of cases. The mean duration of follow-up was 13 months in arthroscopic releases and 29 months in manipulations. Pre-operative limitation of flexion to 57 degrees in arthroscopic releases and 67 degrees in manipulations under anaesthesia improved to 124 degrees and 134 degrees respectively at the last follow-up. The speed of recovery proved to be twice as rapid in patients with arthroscopic release - 3.2 months compared with 6.1 months for straightforward manipulations. Manipulations under anaesthesia were followed by 6 patello-femoral syndromes (30 per cent) whilst arthroscopic release only had 4 syndromes (18 per cent). Arthroscopic releases and manipulations under anaesthesia made before the end of the third month after operation gave better results than those performed later. However, arthroscopic release can be done very late compared with manipulation under anaesthesia and avoids the need for surgical arthrolysis. PMID- 3238084 TI - [Results of treatment of hallux valgus by the modified McBride technic with or without complementary phalangeal or metatarsal osteotomy]. AB - This study reports an analysis of a series of 316 cases of hallux valgus treated by a method derived from McBride's operation with some modifications and combined with bony procedures designed to correct abnormalities of bony architecture, in particular osteotomy to shorten an excessively long proximal phalanx. Two hundred feet were reviewed with a follow-up between 1 and 13 years. The results, which were satisfactory in 80 per cent of cases, were analysed according to the usual parameters of pain and deformity in relation to the pre-operative findings and the surgical methods used. The failures and complications were analysed. The results of this study makes it possible to determine the indications for and to appreciate the value and advisability of technical modifications. PMID- 3238085 TI - [Frontal and sagittal reconstruction of idiopathic scoliotic curves treated by the Cotrel-Dubousset operation]. AB - The results of correction of 47 thoracic and thoracolumbar scolioses treated by Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation were analysed in the frontal and sagittal planes. The curves were of moderate degree and were flexible. Three groups were defined, based on the lateral angulation: A - Frankly lordotic : less than 10 degrees of kyphosis B - Midly lordotic : between 10 degrees and 20 degrees of kyphosis C - Near to normal : greater than 20 degrees of kyphosis. In the 3 groups, the Cotrel-Dubousset technique produced a constant improvement in the lateral views, becoming completely normal in groups B and C and approaching normality in group A. In the frontal plane, the correction was 69 per cent in group A, 64 per cent in group B and 58 per cent in group C. After a mean follow up of 2 years, the post-operative loss of correction never exceeded 2 per cent. This initial study confirms the effectiveness of the CD system in the three dimensional approach to the correction of thoracic and thoracolumbar curves. PMID- 3238086 TI - [Results of the conservative treatment of 171 cases of Pott's disease without neurologic involvement]. AB - One hundred and seventy-one patients suffering from Pott's disease of the spine were treated by the same surgeons between 1965 and 1985. Chemotherapy, which varied during the period, was given in every case. Plaster immobilization was only used in the first 41 patients, until the authors concluded that it did not prevent worsening of the kyphosis. For technical reasons, surgical treatment was not used in any of these 171 patients. The results showed, in children, not only the usual development of kyphosis in the course of treatment but worsening later in the course of growth. For this reason, arthrodesis by the anterior route should be considered to obtain early fusion when the facilities and technical skills are available. In adults, the indications for surgery are more limited. Whilst there is a risk that kyphosis may reach a mean of 20 degrees during conservative treatment, it does not increase later. The authors conclude that it is necessary to link the indications for surgery to the availability of facilities at each individual hospital called upon to treat these patients. PMID- 3238087 TI - [Cystic parosteal osteosarcoma. A case treated by resection]. AB - A parosteal sarcoma in a twelve-year-old girl is described in which a large cystic lesion developed at the centre of the lower femoral metaphysis. Treatment was by extensive resection and reconstruction with an allograft in two stages. There was an excellent result after seven years. Only one other case was found in a review of the literature of slowly growing primary malignant tumours. PMID- 3238088 TI - [Extensive coxo-femoral resection with preservation of the thumb for prosthesis. An alternative to disarticulation at the hip]. AB - To avoid the severe mutilation of a hip disarticulation and to improve limb fitting, a method of partial limb preservation is proposed. Two cases of septic arthritis of the hip with neurological and atrophic lesions sufficient to justify disarticulation are described. Disarticulation was avoided by partial conservation of the thigh with an extensive resection of the upper end of the femur, a through-knee amputation and a large posterior musculo-cutaneous flap including the triceps surae whose muscle provided a good cover for an end-bearing myoplasty. The stump obtained was of good quality which, though a little unstable, was firm and well provided with muscle which allowed early mobilization with a temporary prosthesis and later limb-fitting with much more satisfactory function than that in a hip disarticulation. PMID- 3238089 TI - [Bone maturity in children older than 6 years of age. Wrist and hand. I. Quantitative analysis]. PMID- 3238090 TI - [Evaluation of a method of hearing screening in school children]. PMID- 3238091 TI - [Intestinal obstruction and diarrhea caused by an aberrant pancreas]. PMID- 3238092 TI - [Infant mortality: analysis of current trends and identification of regions and causes of major risk]. PMID- 3238093 TI - [Recommendations of the Nutrition Branch]. PMID- 3238094 TI - [Activity of the antioxidant defense system and oxidative aggression in erythrocytes of low birth weight newborn infants and at various gestational ages]. PMID- 3238095 TI - [Rehydration in acute diarrhea with sodium 60 oral solution]. PMID- 3238096 TI - [Psychosocial development characteristics in adolescents from 16 to 19 years of age in a longitudinal follow-up. III. Employment future, religious aspects and recreation]. PMID- 3238097 TI - [Consumption of fish fats: effect on plasma lipids]. PMID- 3238098 TI - [Mechanical and infectious complications associated with central venous catheterization as a vascular access for hemodialysis]. PMID- 3238099 TI - [Renal retention of calcium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 3238100 TI - [Hepatic angiosarcoma with thorotrast]. PMID- 3238101 TI - [Pulmonary infiltrates in an AIS patient]. PMID- 3238102 TI - [Necessity for rational drug therapy]. PMID- 3238103 TI - [Empty sella turcica associated with diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 3238104 TI - [Sepsis caused by non-typhi Salmonella and pulmonary infiltrates in patients infected with HIV]. PMID- 3238105 TI - [Anticonvulsants and chromosomes]. PMID- 3238106 TI - [Bilateral empyema as a complication of central venous catheterization]. PMID- 3238107 TI - [Anti-free radical therapy in paraquat poisoning]. PMID- 3238108 TI - [Hemoperfusion in paraquat poisoning]. PMID- 3238109 TI - [Diabetic neuropathic cachexia: report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3238110 TI - [Methodological teaching work: its utility in the development of the teaching educational process]. PMID- 3238111 TI - [The objectives of teaching]. PMID- 3238112 TI - [Infections during the induction treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). The importance of preventive measures]. PMID- 3238113 TI - [Oral rehydration in patients with acute diarrheic diseases]. PMID- 3238114 TI - [Immunity level in 2 semi-boarding schools in the Jose Marti District area]. PMID- 3238116 TI - [The nurse in child care in the family physician plan. The urban area and mountainous zones]. PMID- 3238115 TI - [The nurse's function in the treatment and prevention of juvenile obesity]. PMID- 3238117 TI - [Care for children and adolescents in the special school on the Isle of Youth]. PMID- 3238118 TI - [A comparative study of medical care between the family physician and the traditional community polyclinic]. PMID- 3238119 TI - [The influence of economic, sociological and demographic factors on the health of the Colombian child]. PMID- 3238120 TI - [Acute encephalitis. A study of 20 cases]. PMID- 3238121 TI - [Needs and motives as fundamental factors for female nursing students]. PMID- 3238122 TI - [Nursing care for the low birth weight newborn. The associated factors]. PMID- 3238123 TI - [Current status of anesthesia and resuscitation]. PMID- 3238125 TI - [Inhalation anesthesia in myasthenic patients undergoing elective thymectomy]. PMID- 3238124 TI - [The combination of ranitidine and metoclopramide using the intravenous route for prevention of the acid aspiration syndrome in elective surgery. Evaluation of the effective period of protection]. PMID- 3238126 TI - [Current situation of anesthesiology and resuscitation in Spain. National survey (I)]. PMID- 3238127 TI - [Requirements of uniformity for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors]. PMID- 3238128 TI - [Accidental subdural block. An infrequent complication of peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 3238129 TI - [Genetic study in an extensive family group of a patient suffering from prolonged succinylcholine apnea]. PMID- 3238130 TI - [Post-traumatic cerebral fat embolism]. PMID- 3238131 TI - [Pulmonary edema during a cesarean]. PMID- 3238132 TI - [Pulmonary infection in cranio-cerebral injuries]. PMID- 3238133 TI - [Retrograde orotracheal intubation]. PMID- 3238135 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia or myotonia congenita]. PMID- 3238134 TI - [Interpleural analgesia]. PMID- 3238136 TI - [Anesthesia in a quintuple pregnancy]. PMID- 3238137 TI - [Ambulatory anesthesia using thiopental: when to discharge the patient?]. PMID- 3238138 TI - [Has the indication for preoperative coronary arteriography in patients with valvular disease changed since 1980? Prospective study of 300 consecutive new cases]. PMID- 3238139 TI - [Normal regional contractility by 2-dimensional echocardiography 1 year after acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3238140 TI - [Experimental development of a new surgical technic of physiological correction for re-establishing pulmonary circulation]. PMID- 3238141 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty in stenosis of the tricuspid valve. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3238142 TI - [Segmental contractility. Comparative study of 3 radioisotopic methods]. PMID- 3238143 TI - [Fourier analysis. Septal "dyskinesias" and "pseudodyskinesias" in phase analysis]. PMID- 3238144 TI - [Fourier analysis. Utilization of multiharmonic parametric images in the evaluation of coronary cardiopathy]. PMID- 3238145 TI - [Diagnostic efficiency of exertion gammagraphy with thallium and the "silent majority"]. PMID- 3238146 TI - [Stress thallium-201 in 3-vessel disease]. PMID- 3238147 TI - [Isotopic ventriculography in rest-exertion first pass for diagnosis of extension of coronary artery disease]. PMID- 3238148 TI - [Prevalence of ischemic patterns in stress thallium-201 in asymptomatic individuals with nonspecific changes in repolarization]. PMID- 3238149 TI - [Function of the right ventricle in interauricular communication in adults]. AB - This study was designed prospectively to analyze the influence of age and operation on right ventricular function in atrial septal defect; 17 patients were studied by means of radionuclide studies performed immediately before and approximately 6 months (5,8 +/- 2,3) after surgery. The pulmonary/systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) was determined by first pass technique, and right ventricular ejection fraction and peak filling rate were determined by equilibrium ventriculography. In addition, all patients had preoperative catheterization. According to age, patients were divided in group I (less than 35 years) and group II (greater than or equal to 35 years). Preoperatively, patients in group I, in comparison to group II, had better ejection fraction (48 +/- 8 vs 36 +/- 7; p less than 0.01), and better peak filling rate (3.7 +/- 0.9 vs 2.6 +/- 0.7; p less than 0.01), while Qp/Qs were not significantly different (2.5 +/- 0.8 vs 3.0 +/- 1.6) and pulmonary vascular resistances were less elevated (69 +/- 32 vs157 +/- 95 dynes/sec/cm-5; p less than 0.01). After surgery, right ventricular function did not significatively change in relation to preoperative data in both groups (ejection fraction: 44 +/- 13 and 34 +/- 5, respectively; peak filling rate: 3.3 +/- 1.4 and 2.1 +/- 0.6). We conclude that in atrial septal defect indexes of systolic and diastolic right ventricular function deteriorate with age, these changes being associated with a slight increase in pulmonary vascular resistance without changes of Qp/Qs; right ventricular dysfunction does not tend to improve postoperatively. PMID- 3238150 TI - [Usefulness of isotopic ventriculography in the treatment of patients with aortic valve disease]. PMID- 3238151 TI - [Isotopic ventriculography with exertion in the evaluation of chronic aortic insufficiency]. PMID- 3238152 TI - [Isotopic ventriculography in the follow-up of cardiotoxicity induced by 4'epi adriamycin]. PMID- 3238153 TI - [Excretion of renal kallikrein in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3238154 TI - [Distomatosis caused by Fasciola hepatica. Study of an epidemic outbreak]. PMID- 3238155 TI - [Correlation between size and number of biliary stones and acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3238156 TI - [Recurrence in patients treated with endoscopic sclerotherapy]. PMID- 3238157 TI - [Efficacy of follow-up in colorectal cancer: second look guided by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and secondary neoplasms]. PMID- 3238158 TI - [Can a colostomized patient control his stoma?]. PMID- 3238159 TI - [Prolonged febrile syndrome and uveitis as initial manifestation of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3238160 TI - [Metachronic carcinoma of the colon associated with previous gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 3238161 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum caused by perforated acute appendicitis]. PMID- 3238162 TI - [Herpetic esophagitis in an immunocompetent host]. PMID- 3238163 TI - [Robboy's acral cyanosis as initial manifestation of a gastric adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 3238164 TI - [Calcifications in the portal venous system]. PMID- 3238166 TI - [Massive ascites as main manifestation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3238165 TI - [Carcinoma of the hepatic flexure of the colon fistulized to the duodenum]. PMID- 3238167 TI - [Acute pancreatitis in the midst cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 3238168 TI - [Acute abdomen in chronic lead poisoning]. PMID- 3238170 TI - [Action of LH on the secretion of estradiol by the chick embryonic ovary in in vitro culture]. AB - Gonads from 7-to 18-day-old female chick embryos were cultured in vitro in the presence or in the absence of bovine LH, and the amount of oestradiol released into the culture medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. Depending on the stage investigated, one ovary secreted 2.8-28 ng oestradiol during a 24-h culture. LH stimulated oestradiol secretion at all stages studied. The stimulation coefficient was highest for the younger stages. The lowest concentration which gave a positive result was 10 ng/ml. The discrepancy between the strong action of LH in vitro and its apparent absence of action in normal development is discussed. PMID- 3238169 TI - [Recommendation for standardized selection of sociomedical (insurance medical) assessment of work disability]. AB - Two study populations were examined, one for obtaining a frequency distribution of incapacity for work periods, the other for tracing the qualitative aspects of incapacity for work cases. Quantitative appraisal showed that 16% of all cases accounted for 49% of total incapacity time. Qualitative (microanalytic) appraisal of these 16% traced but a few disease groups responsible, amply dealt with in literature on chronic conditions. A shortcoming of apparently rather minor relevance in the individual case, has moreover been found to be systematic: prolonged incapacity for work periods inadequately explained by the diagnoses given on the incapacity certificate. Not least for this reason, appraisal by the insurance medical examination service should occur after three months at the latest. The criteria for initial selection are outlined in terms of three months incapacity for work, frequent recurrence of incapacity periods, and a catalogue of a few diagnostic groups. PMID- 3238171 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of intestinal villous structures and their putative relation to digestion and absorption in chickens. AB - Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to examine villous structures at different parts in the small intestines of 22-week-old chickens. Duodenum revealed plate-like villi with large number of goblet cells on the duodenal epithelium. Jejunum and ileum both revealed leaf-like villi, but the amount of goblet cells was greater in the jejunum. A putative effect of villous structures on the intestinal digestion and absorption is discussed. PMID- 3238172 TI - [Early modification of the fatty acid composition of cardiolipins and other phospholipids in rat liver mitochondria during dietary deficiency of essential fatty acids followed by repletion]. AB - Weaned rats (21-day old, 44 +/- 2 g) were distributed into 3 groups. The first group was raised on a laboratory diet for 7 or 20 days (control group). The second was fed a diet containing 0.07% fat for 1, 2, 3, 7 or 66 days. The third one was fed the low-fat diet for 7 days and then switched to a laboratory chow diet for 1, 2, 5 or 9 days. Cardiolipin (CL) on the one hand and other mitochondrial phospholipids taken as a whole (PLm) on the other hand were prepared from liver mitochondria and their fatty acids analysed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in PLm (18:2 (n-6), 20:4 (n-6), 22:6 (n-3) acids) decreased abruptly during the first 3 days of fat deficiency and then remained rather stable till day 7. CL behaved in a quite different way. 18:2 (n-6) acid, the major polyunsaturated fatty acid of CL, decreased continuously between day 1 and day 7 from 79% to 33%. A value of 19.6% was reached on day 66. When deficient rats were transferred to an equilibrated diet, the fatty acid profile of PLm was rapidly restored. Major effects were already achieved during the first 24 h and a fatty acid composition identical to that of control rats was reached within 2 days. A considerably longer period (about 9 days) was necessary for CL to reach a level analogous to that of control rats. The diminution of linoleic acid in CL was brought about by increases in the levels of monoenoic acids: palmitoleic (16:1 (n 7)), oleic (18:1 (n-9)) and cis-vaccenic (18:1 (n-7)) acids which accounted for 18.0%, 17.7% and 17.9% respectively on day 7. Increases in the (n-7) monoenes remained comparatively low in PLm, which showed a sharp rise in their oleic acid content (from 3.9% to 12.7% in 3 days). The proportion of cis-vaccenic acid relative to total octadecenoic acids was decreased from 75% to 50% in CL. A similar trend, but of smaller magnitude, was also noticed in PLm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3238173 TI - Inhibitory effect of homologous solubilized zona pellucida on rabbit in vitro fertilization. AB - Rabbit zonae pellucidae were isolated using a modified technique of Dunbar et al. (1980). Zonae pellucidae were solubilized in saline phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) for 30 min at 70 degrees C. One dimensional SDS-PAGE analysis showed that zona pellucida is essentially composed of three major proteins with apparent molecular weights of 200 (275-165) kd, 100 (135-96) kd and 75 (96-51) kd. Preincubation of sperm with heat-solubilized zonae pellucidae (SZP) (5 to 8 SZP/microliters) did not reduce sperm binding ability. By contrast, it significantly decreased the percentage of penetrated eggs (20 versus 73% for the control) and significantly reduced the fertilization rate (10 versus 55% for the control). Ultrastructural analysis of several oocytes in the two groups demonstrated that inhibition of fertilization was not due to the inhibition of sperm-zona binding ability but essentially resulted from the impairment of sperm penetration through the zona pellucida. PMID- 3238174 TI - Age-dependent increase in arterial smooth muscle calcium in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Alterations in cellular calcium metabolism in essential hypertensive and in the SHR have been described. In the present study, particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) was used to get some information on the spatial distribution of Ca2+ in aortas of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive controls aged 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. It was found that the Ca2+ content was not elevated in the aortic smooth muscle of SHR aged 1 week (n = 9) as compared to normotensive controls (n = 8) (186.8 +/- 89.9 micrograms Ca2+/g tissue vs 254.0 +/- 73.7 micrograms Ca2+/g tissue. The Ca2+ content was significantly raised in the aortic smooth muscle of SHR aged 4 weeks (n = 9) as compared to 4-weeks-old WKY rats (n = 12) (726.0 +/- 130.4 Ca2+/g tissue vs 440.3 +/- 214.4 Ca2+ micrograms/g tissue and in SHR aged 3 months (n = 15) as compared to WKY rats (n = 12), respectively (3317.0 +/- 734.0 micrograms Ca2+/g tissue vs. 1632.0 +/- 569.6 micrograms Ca2+/g tissue). The results confirm the age-related increase in the arterial Ca2+ content in normotensive rats and demonstrate additionally that this age-related rise in arterial Ca2+ content is accelerated in SHR. PMID- 3238175 TI - Effects of intralipid and hydrocortisone upon human fetal lung cell cultures. AB - Organotypic cell culture systems of human fetal lungs of 15, 18, and 26 weeks' gestational age were treated with Intralipid, a phosphatidylcholine-containing lipid mixture, and with hydrocortisone of varying concentrations. The lamellar bodies found in the pneumocytes type II were ultrastructurally identified. Their amount was quantitated by point-counting, a morphometrical method. Intralipid had a stimulating effect upon the surfactant production depending on the concentration admitted. This effect was quantitatively compared to the known effect of hydrocortisone. Intralipid at a concentration of 10(-2%) produced a significant increase of the relative volume of lamellar bodies (P = 0.05) at a gestational age of 18 weeks. This effect is comparable to hydrocortisone treatment at a concentration of 10(-1%) (P = 0.05) and 10(-3%) (P = 0.01). At a gestational age of 26 weeks, Intralipid at a concentration of 10(-1%) (P = 0.01) stimulated lamellar body production. Hydrocortisone had a similar effect at a concentration of 10(-1%) (P = 0.01). Intralipid does not pass the placenta barrier and is locally applied by amniocentesis. Therefore, complications to the maternal organism and probably to the fetuses are negligible. The application of Intralipid represents an alternative method to accelerate antenatal surfactant production and to improve the rate of survival of preterm infants. PMID- 3238176 TI - Influence of experimental hyperthyroidism on blood and myocardial serotonin in rats. AB - Recent reports suggest a role for serotonin in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. In this study, we have induced LV hypertrophy by oral feeding of thyroxine at increasing dosages (150 450 micrograms/kg b.wt.) over a 5-week period. The effects of hyperthyroidism on cardiovascular parameters, blood and myocardial serotonin concentrations were assessed. Water-fed rats and formerly hyperthyroid recovered animals served as controls. Thyroxine caused a significant LV hypertrophy: hyperthyroid rats 2.19 +/- 0.16*; controls 1.65 +/- 0.13 g/kg b.wt. (mean +/- SD; *P less than 0.05). An almost complete regression of LV hypertrophy occurred in the recovery group (1.66 +/- 0.20 g/kg b.wt.) 3 weeks after cessation of thyroid hormone application. Thyroxine-treated animals showed a significant increase of serotonin blood levels (thyroxine rats: 2108 +/- 781*, recovery: 1132 +/- 726, controls: 705 +/- 480 ng/ml; *P less than 0.05). The concentrations of serotonin in left ventricular myocardium were increased after thyroid hormone application, whereas the highest levels were found in the recovery group (thyroxine rats: 139.1 +/- 30.4, recovery: 167.2 +/- 43.1, controls: 68.9 +/- 27.9 mg/ml homogenate). Serotonin containing cells in the left ventricular myocardium were stained immunohistochemically. They were localized perivascularly and were assumed to represent tissue mast cells. In experimental hyperthyroidism the serotonin levels in blood and heart are increased possibly indicating an interaction of both hormones in thyroxine-induced cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3238177 TI - Acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic failure in pigs: controversical results to other animal models. AB - To prove the function of isolated transplanted hepatocytes in acute liver failure we tried to establish a hepatic failure model in pigs which correlates to a clinical situation. In 12 pigs we administered 500-2000 mg acetaminophen/kg b.wt. after enzyme induction with pentobarbital. Seven animals receiving 500-1000 mg/kg survived the intoxication. Five animals receiving 1000-2000 mg/kg acetaminophen died within 6.5 h after intoxication because of methemoglobinemia. A close correlation between administered dosage of the drug, acetaminophen blood levels, and methemoglobinemia was found. Histology of surviving animals showed a dosage dependent cell necrosis. A standardized hepatic failure model could not be established in pigs by acetaminophen intoxication because dosages of less than 1000 mg/kg were survived. In dosages higher than 1000 mg/kg a side-effect of the acetaminophen intoxication, i.e., methemoglobinemia, limited the life of the animals. Therefore, acetaminophen cannot be used to induce acute hepatic failure in pigs. PMID- 3238178 TI - [A case of myxedema of the heart with sleep apnea syndrome]. PMID- 3238179 TI - [A case of massive myocardial calcification--13 years after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3238180 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy in six members of a family]. PMID- 3238181 TI - [The natural history of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3238182 TI - [The natural history of pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3238183 TI - [The natural history of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 3238184 TI - [The natural history of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3238185 TI - [The natural history of pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 3238186 TI - [Examination of the practical determination method of anaerobic threshold by gas exchange parameters]. PMID- 3238187 TI - [A central respiratory oscillator: phase response analysis--pontine and medullary electrical stimulation]. PMID- 3238188 TI - [The clinical significance of delta VO2/work load as a new parameter of exercise tolerance]. PMID- 3238189 TI - [Extracorporeal lung assist (ECLA) for a premature infant with severe barotrauma as a sequela of mechanical pulmonary ventilation]. PMID- 3238191 TI - [Speech therapy and psychosomatics: a double language]. PMID- 3238190 TI - [Multilingualism and aphasia]. PMID- 3238192 TI - [Deafness and bilingualism: to be deaf and speaking, writing several languages]. PMID- 3238193 TI - [Falling in with the big bad wolf, the usefulness of speaking without saying anything]. PMID- 3238194 TI - [Early auditory potentials in the detection of deafness]. PMID- 3238195 TI - [Early auditory potentials and hypothyroidism in children]. PMID- 3238196 TI - [Early auditory potentials in neurologic involvement in children]. PMID- 3238197 TI - [Early auditory potentials in mental disorders in children]. PMID- 3238198 TI - [Early auditory potentials in the diagnosis of multihandicap]. PMID- 3238199 TI - [Motor infirmity of cerebral origin and auditory evoked potentials]. PMID- 3238200 TI - [Value and limitations of objective audiometry in the evaluation of bass frequencies in children]. PMID- 3238201 TI - [Objective audiometry and hearing aids in deaf children]. PMID- 3238202 TI - [Aspects of early auditory education of deaf children]. PMID- 3238203 TI - [Genetic deafness and genetic counseling]. PMID- 3238204 TI - [The vocal evaluation]. PMID- 3238205 TI - [Functional study of the larynx]. PMID- 3238206 TI - [The voice without vocal cords]. PMID- 3238207 TI - [Reconstructive laryngectomies. What should be done and why?]. PMID- 3238208 TI - [The vocal body of the lyric singer]. PMID- 3238209 TI - [Diphonic singing]. PMID- 3238210 TI - [The timbres and technics of the voice in the rural tradition of Southern France]. PMID- 3238211 TI - Sensitivity of the Derdiarian Behavioral System Model instrument to age, site, and stage of cancer: a preliminary validation study. PMID- 3238212 TI - Response to "Sensitivity of the Derdiarian Behavioral System Model instrument to age, site, and stage of cancer: a preliminary validation study". PMID- 3238214 TI - Response to "Perspectives on knowing: a model of nursing knowledge". PMID- 3238213 TI - Perspectives on knowing: a model of nursing knowledge. PMID- 3238215 TI - Theory development in community health nursing: issues and recommendations. PMID- 3238216 TI - Response to "Theory development in community health nursing: issues and recommendations". PMID- 3238217 TI - Virtue ethics, caring, and nursing. PMID- 3238218 TI - Response to "Virtue ethics, caring, and nursing". PMID- 3238219 TI - Caring and practice: construction of the nurse's world. PMID- 3238220 TI - Response to "Caring and practice: construction of the nurse's world". PMID- 3238222 TI - Response to "Critical theory: a foundation for the development of nursing theories". PMID- 3238221 TI - Critical theory: a foundation for the development of nursing theories. PMID- 3238223 TI - Emergency department nurses' encounters with suicide attempters: a qualitative investigation. PMID- 3238224 TI - Response to "Emergency department nurses' encounters with suicide attempters: a qualitative investigation". PMID- 3238225 TI - [Bulimia--the hidden suffering of young women]. PMID- 3238226 TI - [Do joggers live longer? 3 current epidemiologic studies of the effect of physical activity on life expectancy]. PMID- 3238227 TI - [The extent of extrathoracic forms in the overall picture of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3238228 TI - [Epigastric pain, retrosternal pressure sensation, heartburn]. PMID- 3238229 TI - [A case from practice (116). Patient: Mrs. T. J., born 1935]. PMID- 3238230 TI - [Bilateral pneumothorax following mammoplasty]. PMID- 3238231 TI - [Dyspnea following a mountain walk]. PMID- 3238232 TI - [Atypical tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration. Contribution of a case report]. PMID- 3238233 TI - [Recurrent symptomatic spontaneous tension pneumothorax in sarcoidosis with honeycomb lung]. PMID- 3238234 TI - [The double helix spiral for bridging of severe tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 3238235 TI - [Fever, cough, fatigue]. PMID- 3238236 TI - [A case from practice (117). Patient: Mr. A. K., born 1962, asylum seeker]. PMID- 3238237 TI - [Automation in hematology]. PMID- 3238238 TI - [Preanalytical influence factors and interference factors]. PMID- 3238239 TI - [Knowledge about technics of blood pressure determination of medical students in their internship year at the University of Dusseldorf]. PMID- 3238240 TI - [Lupus erythematosus-like tinea faciei]. PMID- 3238241 TI - [A case from practice (118). Patient: Mr. P. R., born 1 July 1961, newspaper carrier]. PMID- 3238242 TI - [Epidemiology and transmission of HIV infection]. PMID- 3238243 TI - [HIV infection in the surgical clinic: general problems and protective measures]. PMID- 3238244 TI - [Abscess in HIV infection]. PMID- 3238245 TI - [Prevention of the transmission of HIV infection via blood transfusion]. PMID- 3238246 TI - [The course of proctologic disorders in HIV-positive patients]. PMID- 3238247 TI - [Neurologic aspects]. PMID- 3238248 TI - [Pathologic crying and emotional incontinence: therapeutic importance and diagnostic distinction]. AB - Two uncontrollable episodic crying patients are studied. In the first case crying was due to a pathological crying syndrome and it responded to treatment with levodopa. The second case suffered from affective incontinence, within a depressive disorder associated a righ-hemisphere lesion; her uncontrollable crying responded to antidepressive treatment and improved simultaneously to the rest of depressive symptoms. Results showed that both processes have different therapeutical strategies and etiologies. The two patients CT scans support the righ-hemisphere role in emotion control. PMID- 3238249 TI - [Truth and the patient]. PMID- 3238250 TI - [Crying provoked by sound stimuli in a case of probable dementia of Alzheimer's type]. AB - A case of pathological crying elicited only by non-verbal auditory stimulations in a woman with probable dementia of the Alzheimer type is reported. As neuropsychological data available in this case have suggested a greater involvement of left than right temporal cortex, the authors propose that the crying phenomenon could have been explained by a similar inter-hemispheric asymmetry in pathological involvement of the limbic structures. PMID- 3238251 TI - [Conference at Salpetriere. February 1987. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hyperleukocytosis and progressive hemiparesis]. PMID- 3238252 TI - [Claude's syndrome]. PMID- 3238253 TI - Sleepiness, circadian dysrhythmia, and fatigue in transportation system accidents. PMID- 3238254 TI - Removal of temporal constraints in the middle-aged and elderly: effects on sleep and sleepiness. AB - Ten healthy middle-aged and elderly subjects (44-81 years old; 4 men and 6 women) were studied in time isolation experiments involving: (a) entrainment to the subject's habitual routine (EN condition) and (b) removal of all temporal constraints or "free-running" (FR condition) with the subjects able to choose their own bed and meal times. Subjective day lengths and circadian temperature cycle periods were longer under FR than under EN, but not by an equal amount. Perhaps as a consequence, although time-in-bed (TIB) fractions were greater under FR than under EN, actual sleep fractions were not, reflecting a decline in sleep efficiency. Neither was there an increase in slow-wave sleep (SWS) under FR compared with EN. Daytime subjective alertness did, however, increase upon release into FR, also showing a slightly earlier peak than that observed under the EN condition. The results point to the need to regard sleep and sleepiness as rhythmic, as well as homeostatic, processes. PMID- 3238255 TI - Stability of EEG sleep and sleep quality in healthy seniors. AB - When the electroencephalogram-recorded (EEG) sleep of 19 healthy seniors (9 men, 10 women) aged 60-82 years was restudied after an average interval of 2.2 years, most measures of EEG sleep and sleep quality were stable over time. Both elderly men and women showed more awakenings during the second recording series, but no change in visual or computer-scored delta activity. Furthermore, gender-dependent sleep changes were noted only in phasic rapid eye movement (REM) measures (increasing in men, decreasing in women). Reports of sleep quality were also stable over time despite the increase in awakenings, with women reporting a lower sleep quality than men. PMID- 3238256 TI - Sleep loss and "divergent" thinking ability. AB - Although much is known about the impact of sleep loss on many aspects of psychological performance, the effects on divergent ("creative") thinking has received little attention. Twelve subjects went 32 h without sleep, and 12 others acted as normally sleeping controls. All subjects were assessed on the figural and verbal versions of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. As compared with the control condition, sleep loss impaired performance on all test scales (e.g., "flexibility," the ability to change strategy, and "originality," generation of unusual ideas) for both versions, even on an initial 5-min test component. In an attempt at further understanding of whether these findings might be explained solely by a loss of motivation, two additional short and stimulating tests were also used--a word fluency task incorporating high incentive to do well and a challenging nonverbal planning test. Performance at these tasks was still significantly impaired by sleep loss. Increased perseveration was clearly apparent. Apparently, 1 night of sleep loss can affect divergent thinking. This contrasts with the outcome for convergent thinking tasks, which are more resilient to short-term sleep loss. PMID- 3238257 TI - A comparison of multiple and single sleep latency and cerebral evoked potential (P300) measures in the assessment of excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy cataplexy. AB - A direct comparison was made between the amplitude of evoked potential (EP) component P3 (by the P300 paradigm), a known sensitive EP correlate of sleepiness, and sleep latency measures (both to stage 1 or rapid eye movement [REM] and to stage 2 or REM) of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) in 11 untreated narcoleptics and matched controls. Repeated P3 measures were performed immediately prior to standard MSLT naps at 10:00 a.m., 12:00 noon, 2:00 p.m., 4:00 p.m., and 6:00 p.m. Using discriminant analysis and F tests, all three measures (P3 and both by MSLT) were found to distinguish the two groups for collapsed five-nap data, and all showed essentially parallel circadian time-of day effects, with greatest sleepiness in the midafternoon. The MSLT, however, was somewhat more powerful for collapsed data. Both tests misclassified some subjects as belonging to the other group, with greater misclassification for both tests in the control group and more overall for the P3 measure. Adding the two sleep onset REM period (SOREMP) criteria on MSLT for narcolepsy, one patient was still classified as normal. Analysis of data from individual naps indicated that the MSLT was considerably more powerful in discriminating groups than was P3 amplitude, and it did so for all five naps. PMID- 3238258 TI - Test-retest reliability of the MSLT. AB - The test-retest reliability of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) was evaluated in 14 healthy normal subjects. Each slept a single night in the laboratory (8 h time in bed) and received the MSLT the following day (1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 h) on two occasions separated by 4-14 months. Mean sleep latency (four tests) was highly reliable from MSLT to MSLT (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001). The test-retest reliability did not change as a function of the interval of time between tests or as a function of the level of sleepiness (range = 4-20 min) within the population. However, as the number of tests comprising the MSLT was reduced below three, the reliability was reduced such that only 50% or less of the variance could be predicted. PMID- 3238259 TI - Importance of both amplitude and incidence measures in time-domain analysis. PMID- 3238260 TI - [Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. Experience of 43 cases at the Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho]. PMID- 3238261 TI - [Regionalization and hierarchical organization of emergency medical care in the Metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 3238263 TI - [Juvenile laryngeal papilloma in the differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma in childhood: report of a case]. PMID- 3238262 TI - [Auditory agnosia, pure word deafness, Wernicke's aphasia without alexia: clinical and conceptual aspects]. PMID- 3238264 TI - [Beside general visits: a practice to be maintained or abandoned?]. PMID- 3238265 TI - [Comments about the paper "Intestinal disease induced by intolerance to milk proteins from cows and soybean: diagnostic criteria"]. PMID- 3238266 TI - [Mammary tuberculosis: a report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3238267 TI - [Syncope: the initial approach]. PMID- 3238268 TI - [Histologic meaning of the zone of colposcopic atypical transformation]. PMID- 3238269 TI - [Experimental study of the effects of indomethacin on open wound contraction]. PMID- 3238270 TI - [Music in medicine: a double participation]. PMID- 3238271 TI - [The H technic in omphaloplasty]. PMID- 3238272 TI - [Lipid changes in elderly subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3238273 TI - [Prevalence of anti-HIV antibodies in patients in hemodialysis]. PMID- 3238274 TI - [Development of reagents used in blood transfusion: 1992 horizon]. PMID- 3238275 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of serum IgG subclass levels by an immunoenzyme method]. AB - We developed a enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring IgG subclasses concentration in serum. For this we used monoclonal antibodies. The specificity of these antibodies was evaluated with a panel of myeloma proteins belonging to the 4 IgG subclasses. The ELISA was sensitive (allowing the detection of subclasses at ng level) and accurate (inter-assay coefficient of variation of 14%). Using the WHO serum 67/97 as reference, we determined the concentration of IgG subclasses in a pool of sera. In addition concentrations were measured in 69 healthy adults to study the distribution of each IgG subclass. A good correlation (r = 0.78) was obtained between the sum of the subclasses measured by ELISA and total IgG measured by immunonephelometry. PMID- 3238276 TI - [Genetic variants of human albumin: structural characterization of allotypes used as references for electrophoretic classification]. AB - Eight different types of genetic variants of albumin are observed in the French population. The analysis of electrophoretic patterns of sera containing these variants, performed a three different pHs (8.6, 5.0 and 6.9) after addition of a reference protein (transferrin), allows the identification each variant by a quantitative estimation of its relative mobilities. The accuracy and reproducibility of the technique make it a useful reference method, commonly employed for studying European variants. The samples used as references for five genetic variant types, proalbumins Christchurch and Lille, albumins Vanves, B and Reading, were subjected to sequence analysis to determine the nature and localization of their structural change. Together with the mutations of albumins Gent and Roma previously described, the data presented here make available seven reference specimens for which the structural changes are characterized out of the eight variants known to exist in France. PMID- 3238277 TI - [Iron and ferritin in 102 east Parisian blood donors]. PMID- 3238278 TI - [Probability of paternity related to probable ancestry]. PMID- 3238280 TI - Treatment of antral pathology--which surgical route. PMID- 3238281 TI - Radioisotopic method for nasal mucociliary function evaluation. AB - In 13 healthy young adults, nasal mucociliary transport velocity was measured by means of albumine microsphere labeled with Tc99m as a tracer. M + ISD of clearance velocity values and of the half time radioactivity (T1/2) resulted to be respectively 1.02 + 0.22 cm/min and 1.07 + 0.24 min. A significant correlation (P less than 0.05) between half time clearance (T1/2) values of the radioactive particles and the mucociliary velocity ones could be detected, making T1/2 a reliable and rapidly obtainable parameter for determining nasal mucociliary function. Advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques are discussed. PMID- 3238279 TI - Morphea developing in patients previously affected with eosinophilic fasciitis. Report of two cases. PMID- 3238282 TI - Exact measurements of nasal resistance with the oscillation method. AB - It is demonstrated how it is possible to obtain a certain determination of the nasal resistance with the oscillation method respecting the whole airway resistance while measuring the flow. The 68 measurements with 17 probands under varying situations indicate that the values obtained are exactly the same with the two methods. There are only a few values which are outside the confidence limits. These are caused by interference from the regulation mechanism of the airway resistances e.g. in the nasal pharynx, larynx and bronchioli by augmentation of functional residual volume, which cannot be avoided. The averages of the two measurements are identical. There is no systematic error. PMID- 3238283 TI - A rhinological approach for the craniofacial resection of the ethmoid. AB - The craniofacial resection of the ethmoid is a surgical procedure directed at total extirpation of tumours that extend through the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. We have developed an original approach of the anterior cranial fossa through an osteoplastic frontal flap that has been utilized in a variety of problems of the frontal sinus. The procedure is completed with a facial approach. Different from other types of craniectomy that have been proposed, this method avoids both cosmetic deformity and infectious complications. PMID- 3238284 TI - Improvement of the nasal airflow by the nasal dilator Nozovent. AB - The lateral wall of the nostril is considered as the functional unit in the regulation of the nasal resistance causing more than half of the total resistance. In 16 test-subjects both nostrils were dilated with a plastic nasal device, Nozovent, and the airflow through the nose was measured with and without the device. In each object the mean value of ten inspirations at 150 Pa was calculated. Before the application the mean value of the subjects was 0.68 l/sec and with the device 0.84 l/sec. The improvement of airflow was comparable with that of treatment with nose-drops. The device ought to be helpful in patients with or without collapsing ala nasi during the night to increase nasal airflow when sleeping. PMID- 3238285 TI - A biopsy method to obtain high quality specimens of nasal mucosa. PMID- 3238287 TI - [Study of food habits in the families of patients with stomach cancer]. PMID- 3238286 TI - Medical diagnostic X-ray irradiation and risk of leukemia in urban adult population of Poland. I. Design of the study. PMID- 3238288 TI - [Levels of selected mineral components in the hair as a criterion in the evaluation of nutritional status]. PMID- 3238289 TI - [Histamine levels in selected food products]. PMID- 3238290 TI - [Nitrate and nitrite levels in the food. III. Vegetables and potatoes]. PMID- 3238291 TI - [Correlation of the levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the blood of parturients and newborn infants]. PMID- 3238292 TI - [Determining the levels of insecticides from the group of synthetic pyrethroids in plant specimens]. PMID- 3238293 TI - [Acute toxicity of penicillin G and OTC (oxytetracycline) and the products of their thermal degradation]. PMID- 3238294 TI - [Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in brain and heart extracts of different pH]. PMID- 3238295 TI - [Relation of a temporary shift in auditory threshold of schoolchildren and acoustic conditions in their homes]. PMID- 3238296 TI - [Lumbar spinous apophysis. An unusual location of osteoid osteoma]. PMID- 3238298 TI - [2 case reports of atrophic polychondritis with destructive arthropathy]. PMID- 3238297 TI - [Stickler syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3238299 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease with severe esophageal sclerodermic involvement without systemic scleroderma. An unusual form of the overlap syndrome]. PMID- 3238300 TI - [Pseudophlebitis without popliteal cyst. Apropos of 7 case reports]. PMID- 3238301 TI - [Vertebral hyperostosis induced by etretinate]. PMID- 3238302 TI - [A case of osteochondromatosis of the subdeltoid serous bursa]. PMID- 3238303 TI - [Acquired Brown syndrome. An unusual complication of rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 3238304 TI - [Swelling of the hands and feet in a case of lepromatous leprosy]. PMID- 3238305 TI - [Severe and extensive algodystrophies versus palmar fasciitis with polyarthritis and malignant tumors]. PMID- 3238306 TI - [Septic arthritis due to Pasteurella multocida. 3 new case reports]. PMID- 3238307 TI - [Leukemia arthritis of the knee during blastic transformation of a chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3238308 TI - [The percentage of bone marrow plasmacytes and prognosis in multiple myeloma]. AB - The degree of medullary infiltration by plasmocytes has a prognostic value which completes the clinical classifications proposed in multiple myeloma. Beyond a 50 p. cent medullary infiltration, the mean survival of the patients is significantly shorter (p less than 0.02) than survival of patients presenting less than 50 p. cent medullary infiltration. The degree of medullary infiltration is unrelated to the stage of Durie and Salmon classification, but is correlated to the degree of differentiation of the plasmocytes. PMID- 3238309 TI - [Gonarthrosis and obesity]. AB - Statistical comparison of the weight index of patients presenting arthritis of the knee with that of a control group of matching sex and age, has enabled to demonstrate a definite weight gain in the most frequent topographical varieties of knee arthritis in women: lateral femoro-patellar, medial femoro-tibial, combination of the two. In men, the excess weight was only demonstrated in medial femoro-tibial arthritis. PMID- 3238310 TI - [Anterior uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis. A retrospective study]. AB - In ankylosing spondylarthritis (AS), there is sometimes an anterior uveitis (AUV) or a previous history of AUV. The authors have reviewed the medical files of 338 hospitalised AS and 30 AS seen in consultation. They found an AUV in 28 hospitalised AS, or 8.3 p. cent of all cases (7.7 p. cent in men and 14.8 p. cent in women). In 3 cases (0.9 p. cent), the AUV was the first manifestation of the disease, preceding joint involvement. AUV was never found in patients seen in consultation. The findings of this investigation agree, but only partially, with those from the literature which, usually, acknowledge a greater frequency of AUV. Comparison with other previous investigations conducted in Italy enables to confirm that among Italian AS, AUV is less frequent than in other European and out of Europe series. It is possible that in a certain number of cases the AUV is not diagnosed clinically. However, it seems that the reduced incidence of the AUV discovered by a few Italian authors is not fortuitous (genetic factors?). PMID- 3238312 TI - HLA-antigens and immunity to insulin in insulin-dependent diabetics with or without diabetic neuropathy. AB - In order to define genetic, immunological and metabolic risk factors and markers associated with diabetic neuropathy (DN) 47 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with neuropathy were compared to 30 age-matched insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients without neuropathy. Patients with diabetic neuropathy more often had proliferative retinopathy and Albustix positive proteinuria than patients without neuropathy. Judged by haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) concentrations measured during the preceding two years glycaemic control was worse in patients with than without diabetic neuropathy. The frequency of HLA-antigens DR3, DR4, DR3/DR4, B8, and B15 were increased and those of DR2 and B7 decreased in the diabetic patients. The frequency of any of these HLA-antigens did not differ in patients with or without diabetic neuropathy. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of insulin antibodies or proliferative responses to insulin antigens between patients with or without diabetic neuropathy. However, patients who were HLA-DR3/DR4 heterozygotes and had diabetic neuropathy responded to insulin antigens more often by proliferation than DR3/DR4 positive patients without diabetic neuropathy. Thus poor glycaemic control is associated with an increased risk for diabetic neuropathy. Patients with DR3/DR4 heterozygocity and failing to respond to insulin antigens by proliferation seem to be less prone to develop diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 3238311 TI - Lysophosphatidylcholine and the inflammatory action of neutrophils. AB - Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) is a polar lipid formed in cells and tissues under normal conditions and is known to cause tissue damage in a variety of experimental systems. We have therefore examined the possibility that increased amounts of lysoPC are formed in activated inflammatory cells and are involved in their tissue-damaging action. Human neutrophil leucocytes were labelled with [14C]arachidonic acid (AA), activated with the calcium ionophore A23187, and the degradation of phospholipids, with subsequent release of AA and AA metabolites, was studied. We also studied neutrophil metabolism of [14C]lysoPC in the presence of different concentrations of cold lysoPC, and the relation between phospholipid degradation and release of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), a lysosomal enzyme. We found that the release of both AA and NAG was coupled to a degradation of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and that the neutrophils were able to metabolise lower, but not higher, concentrations of lysoPC. Moreover, the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid significantly inhibited PC degradation, lysoPC formation, and NAG release, whereas the lipoxygenase inhibitor, BW 755C had little effect on these parameters. These findings demonstrate that the AA mobilization in activated neutrophils is associated with PC degradation, and point to be possibility that the ensuing lysoPC formation might mediate lysosomal enzyme release. PMID- 3238313 TI - Silent hepatitis-B immunization in laboratory technicians. AB - The present investigation was initiated to assess the demand for vaccination against hepatitis-B in a department of clinical chemistry. One hundred and twenty eight employees enrolled for the test programme consisting primarily of screening for hepatitis-B antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis-B surface antigen (anti HBs). Surprisingly it was found, that 8 persons out of 58 who had also participated in a screening survey in 1978 had developed anti-HBs. These persons, who had no history of hepatitis, were also positive for antibodies towards the core antigen of hepatitis-B (anti-HBc). A seroconversion rate of 1,53/100/year for this material was calculated. Six persons who had contracted hepatitis-B during an epidemic 14 years previously, presented with very weak anti-HBs reactivity, but were positive for anti-HBc indicating, that anti-HBc was the more stable indicator of past HBV infection. The cost-effectiveness of vaccination against HBV seems disputable compared with other protective measures. The high incidence of silent seroconversion indicates a chronic exposure to virus among the laboratory personnel. Therefore, safety precautions against virus exposure are highly recommended. PMID- 3238314 TI - The effect of red cells on platelet aggregation: a study with the electronic whole blood aggregometer. AB - Platelet aggregation was studied in the same platelet rich plasma (PRP) by the simultaneous use of Born's optical method and Cardinal's electronic method. The maximum rate of impedance change (electronic method) correlated well with both the rate and the extent of aggregation as measured by the optical method. The rate of impedance change was therefore the parameter chosen for the study of the effect of red cells on platelet aggregation. Erythrocytes, both at 40 and 60% haematocrit (Hct.), greatly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and adrenalin, but only minimally affected platelet aggregation induced by collagen. PMID- 3238315 TI - GFR-corrected 24-hour whole body retention of diphosphonate: an improved index of bone metabolism. AB - The 24-hour whole body retention of diphosphonate (WBR) depends on bone uptake and renal clearance of diphosphonate. To evaluate the influence of glomerular filtration we measured WBR, creatinine clearance (CrCl) and s-alkaline phosphatase (s-AP) in 91 normals and 79 patients with different calcium metabolic disorders. As presumed, a negative correlation between CrCl and WBR exists (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001). By defining CrCl = 100 ml/min as standard, we have introduced a new mathematical model which allows recalculation of the measured WBR to WBR at CrCl = 100 ml/min (WBR100): WBR100 = [(1-WBR) x 100/WBR x CrCl +1] 1 Whole body retention at a clearance of 100 ml/min is demonstrated to be independent of CrCl (r = 0.14, NS). Using this approach we estimate that deviations of CrCl below 70 ml/min and above 150 ml/min lead to more than 25% increase/decrease in WBR. Using s-alkaline phosphatase as a standard, it is shown that WBR overestimates bone formation when CrCl is low. This new model permits the interpretation of WBR measurements in terms of bone turnover in patients with low glomerular filtration rates. PMID- 3238316 TI - Evaluation of several creatinine methods in search of a suitable secondary reference method: report from the subcommittee on reference method for creatinine, Nordic Society for Clinical Chemistry. AB - Several methods for creatinine have been examined by the subcommittee on reference method for creatinine. These include the use of picric acid to precipitate proteins followed by alkalization, or the use of alkaline picrate after protein precipitation and adsorption to Fuller's earth. The first approach was not found to be suitable as a reference method since it was susceptible to matrix effects, fluctuations in temperature and wavelengths. The second approach was less sensitive to these effects but showed variations with different batches of Fuller's earth. The method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) had poor precision, probably because endogenous compounds co-eluted either with creatinine or with the internal standard. The enzymatic method based on the determination of hydrogen peroxide had good accuracy and precision. However, the main disadvantage is that the method is sold as a kit and detailed specifications concerning all the ingredients are not available to permit independent studies using the basic components. PMID- 3238317 TI - Elevated levels of plasma hyaluronan in septicaemia. AB - Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) is normally rapidly cleared from the circulation by the endothelial cells in the liver sinuoids, which make up part of the reticulo endothelial system (RES). An impaired RES function in severe infection and sepsis might therefore lead to elevated hyaluronan plasma levels. Thus, plasma concentrations of hyaluronan were analysed in 44 patients with severe infection at onset of disease and twice during the following 2-3 days. The patients were divided with respect to severity of disease; no septic shock (n = 29), group 1), septic shock survivors (n = 7, group 2), and septic shock non-survivors (n = 8, group 3). Patients in group 1 showed significantly higher values of plasma hyaluronan on day 1 (p less than 0.05) compared with controls. There was no significant difference on the following two sampling occasions. Patients with septic shock (groups 2 and 3) showed higher values than both controls (p less than 0.001) and patients with severe infection without septic shock (group 1, p less than 0.001) at all three sampling occasions. Non-survivors of septic shock (group 3) had significantly higher values than survivors (group 2), (p less than 0.01-0.05). Septic shock, and especially fatal septic shock, thus appears to be associated with elevated plasma hyaluronan concentrations. Possible mechanisms might be an increased release of the polysaccharide from the interstitial space to the bloodstream, or a decreased rate of clearance by liver endothelial cells. This question demands further study. PMID- 3238318 TI - Deviation of a single observation from the hypothetical true value. Guidelines for computing the magnitude of misclassification of risk individuals due to this deviation. AB - In clinical work as well as in intervention studies, decisions concerning further follow-up or treatment of individuals are often based on a single measurement of each variable considered. If the measured variable for a certain individual varies considerably with time due to biological intra-individual variation and methodological variation, we would intuitively be sceptical to such decisions. The intra-individual variations, i.e. a composition of both biological and methodological variations, could be regarded as noise in the measurements. A more precise definition of noise would be: 'Noise is defined as random variations from a person's true value (hypothetical) in a time interval for which the true value is assumed constant.' Methodological variation, in particular, will sometimes lead to misclassifications (with respect to a given cut-off point) of a single measurement versus a person's true value. In this paper we will present formulas and tables which will help the reader to quantify such misclassifications in his/her own material. PMID- 3238319 TI - A pharmacological dose of glucagon suppresses gastric emptying of a radiolabelled solid meal in humans. AB - The effect of glucagon (143 nmol i.v. bolus followed by 430 nmol infused at a constant rate over 90 min) vs placebo (normal saline) on gastric emptying was examined in a blind randomized study in eight healthy males. The gastric emptying of a radiolabelled solid meal was measured with the use of a gamma camera. Glucagon elicited a pronounced delay in gastric emptying in all subjects examined -mean gastric transit time MTT90 glucagon 44.2 +/- 0.22 min vs placebo 38.6 +/- 0.74 min, p less than 0.001. PMID- 3238320 TI - Metabolic clearance and production of diiodotyrosine in healthy man. AB - Metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and daily production rate (PR) of diiodotyrosine (DIT) were estimated using a constant infusion technique of trace amounts of [125 I]-DIT followed by chromatographical isolation of tracer. Median DIT MCR was in eight healthy subjects estimated to 162 l/day x 70 kg (range 135-242), whereas PR was 52 nmol/day x 70 kg (range 25-126). The median serum DIT concentration was 0.27 nmol/l (range 0.16-0.62). In five L-thyroxine substituted subjects without endogenous thyroxine (T4) production, serum DIT concentrations were below 0.02 nmol/l, suggesting that more than 94% of daily produced DIT is secreted by the thyroid gland. PMID- 3238321 TI - Analytical goals for the acceptance of common reference intervals for laboratories throughout a geographical area. AB - Analytical goals required for the successful transfer of reference intervals between laboratories within a specified limited geographical area, with a population homogeneous for the quantities, are presented. Diagrams are shown which allow the investigation of the influence of analytical imprecision and bias, both separately and in combination, on the percentage of the population outside each reference limit. Figures to evaluate the effect of population sample size on the size of confidence interval around each reference limit are combined with the diagrams for analytical imprecision and bias. The maximum acceptable percentage of the population outside the limit for the 0.90 confidence interval of each of the means +/- 1.96 s reference limits is 4.6% for a population sample size of 120. Based on this, the maximum acceptable imprecision, with no bias, is 0.6 of the total biological standard deviation (sB) and the maximum acceptable bias, with no imprecision, is 0.25 sB. PMID- 3238322 TI - The diurnal variation of serum hyaluronan in health and disease. AB - The variation of the serum concentration of hyaluronan during the day and between days has been investigated. In a group of healthy volunteers, the mean hyaluronan level was very stable over time except for a moderate but significant elevation after rising from bed in the morning. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed markedly increased hyaluronan concentrations 0.5-2 h after leaving bed. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis exhibited high and rather constant levels during the day. A reference group of hospitalized patients with other diseases did not show any diurnal variation. The best reproducibility in hyaluronan determinations is obtained if specimens are taken before the subjects rise from bed or a few hours later, i.e. after the morning elevation of serum hyaluronan has subsided. In rheumatoid arthritis valuable information can be obtained by repeated sampling during the morning hours. PMID- 3238323 TI - Redistribution of peripheral blood flow during acute left ventricular failure in the dog. AB - Acute left ventricular failure was induced in anaesthetized dogs by repeated embolization of the left coronary artery with 57 micron microspheres. Tissue blood flow was measured with isotope-labelled microspheres in two stages of heart failure. With increasing doses of embolizing solution there was a progressive decline in systemic blood pressure and cardiac output. Failure was accompanied by a significant decrease in blood flow in all tissues examined except for intestine, adrenal gland, skin and right ventricle. Overall cardiac output distribution was estimated by combining flow data with data on relative tissue weights obtained from a dissection study in a separate group of dogs. A selective redistribution of cardiac output took place in the failure state. The blood flow was redirected away from the skeletal muscles and the spleen in favour of the intestines, kidneys, heart and brain. PMID- 3238324 TI - Thyroid hormone resistance in blood monocyte cells and elevated serum T3 in patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis. AB - Seven patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis from three different families were investigated. They all had the roentgenological type I disease, characterized by universal, symmetrical osteosclerosis and enlarged thickness of the calvarium vault. Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and the specific nuclear binding of triiodothyronine (T3) in mononuclear blood cells were studied. All patients appeared clinically euthyroid. The serum level of T3 was significantly elevated (serum T3 = 1.89 nmol/l) compared with normal age and sex matched controls (serum T3 = 1.44 nmol/l, p less than 0.05). The specific maximal nuclear binding capacity of T3 was significantly decreased (MBC = 0.51 fmol T3/mg DNA) in these patients compared with controls (MBC = 1.8 fmol/mg DNA, p less than 0.05) whereas no difference in the equilibrium association constant (Ka) was observed. The decreased specific nuclear binding of T3 and the slightly elevated serum level of T3 might indicate a modest peripheral resistance to T3 in patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type I. PMID- 3238325 TI - Variations in blood constituents of healthy full term infants as related to body weight in the new-born period. AB - In 59 full term new-born infants an increase in the mean value for (blood, (B] B haemoglobin, (plasma, (P] P-potassium and (plasma, (P] P-bilirubins was seen during the first three days of life. The erythrocyte volume fraction, P-sodium and P-albumin varied in parallel with the B-haemoglobin concentration. The variation in these blood constituents indicated that an initial destruction of erythrocytes occurred and that a haemoconcentration took place as well. This was further substantiated by the observation of a weight loss in the infants of about 6.4% of the estimated total body water content during the first three days after delivery. An increase in P-sodium of 5% in the same period indicated that the weight loss consisted mainly of water. These results show that new-born infants are prone to be hypovolaemic during the first three days of life. PMID- 3238326 TI - Serum zinc and copper concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Relation to course and outcome of pregnancy. AB - Abnormal serum zinc and copper concentrations in pregnant women have been associated with a number of maternal and foetal complications during pregnancy and delivery. However, the results of previous studies are contradictory and few large scale studies have been reported. In this study we measured serum zinc and copper concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood from 500 Danish mothers at delivery, looking for an association between serum zinc and copper levels and various maternal and foetal complications. Preterm infants (n = 30) had significantly lower serum copper concentrations than reference infants (n = 346) (p = 0.01), whereas there was no difference in serum zinc concentrations. Mothers of preterm infants (n = 34) did not differ in serum zinc or copper concentrations from reference mothers (n = 220). Small for date infants (n = 37) and mothers of small for date infants (n = 47) had higher serum copper levels than reference infants and mothers (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively), whereas there was no difference in serum zinc concentrations. Serum zinc and copper concentrations in malformed infants (n = 14) and their mothers (n = 17) did not differ from concentrations in reference infants and mothers. Serum zinc and copper concentrations in mothers with various other complications during pregnancy and delivery did not differ from values in mothers with normal pregnancies and deliveries. PMID- 3238327 TI - A simple chemical method for the quantification of the contrast agent iohexol, applicable to glomerular filtration rate measurements. AB - We present a method for the quantification of the contrast agent iohexol in serum. Iohexol is deiodinated by alkaline hydrolysis and the released iodine subsequently measured according to the ceric arsenite method. The assay requires 50 microliters of serum and has a high capacity as it involves few analytical steps. The high precision (2% CV) and sensitivity make the method applicable to the recently developed procedure for the determination of glomerular filtration rate, which is based on the assessment of the clearance of iohexol from serum. The method is simple and rapid and requires no expensive equipment. PMID- 3238328 TI - Pharmacologically induced erection in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Intracavernous injection of papaverine was tested in a group of 29 patients with multiple sclerosis and erectile dysfunction. Acceptable rigidity was obtained in 27 patients of whom 23 started to use self-injections as treatment. During an observation period of 5-12 months (mean 8.5 months) a total of 297 injections (3 35 per patient) were reported and 272 injections (92%) produced rigidity in 8-480 min. One case of priapism was seen. Minor haematomas or ecchymoses were reported in 16 cases. Two patients developed penile indurations after 6 and 19 injections respectively; one of these indurations resolved spontaneously. Self-injection with papaverine was found to be a safe and well-accepted treatment of erectile dysfunction in multiple sclerosis but long term side effects need further elucidation before the treatment is to be used as a routine procedure. PMID- 3238329 TI - Partial cystectomy for the myogenic decompensated bladder with excessive residual urine. Urodynamics, histology and 2-13 years follow-up. AB - Partial cystectomy was performed for myogenic decompensated bladder with excessive residual urine in 11 patients, in whom training instructions and pharmacological treatment were unsuccessful. Postoperatively, the patients were followed for 2-13 years (median 4 years). Both symptoms and residual urine were reduced permanently. Urodynamic testing had demonstrated underactive detrusor function in all. The supposed etiology was infravesical obstruction in 4, overdistension due to sensory bladder paresis in 3 and unknown in 4. Histological examination of the resected bladders showed focal degeneration of the smooth muscle cells (detrusor myopathy) in 7, transmural edema and vast deposits of collagen in 8, mastocytosis in 3 and eosinophilic cystitis in 1. In conclusion we regard partial cystectomy an alternative to clean intermittent self catheterization in selected patients with excessive residual urine. PMID- 3238330 TI - Urothelial atypia and survival rate of 500 unselected patients with primary transitional-cell tumour of the urinary bladder. AB - In a consecutive series of 500 unselected patients with primary urinary bladder tumours the influence of urothelial atypia on the 5 years survival-rate was examined. All tumours were transitional-cell tumours categorized according to the T-classification. Mucosal biopsies from 7 pre-selected sites were taken at the initial cystoscopy in 391 patients (78%) to identify urothelial atypia. The over all cumulative 5 years survival-rate was 48%. Submucosal and muscle invasion had major influence on survival, whereas tumour grade was less important. Patients with urothelial atypia fared significantly worse than those with normal bladder mucosa (5 years survival 42% versus 62%). This difference in survival-rate became apparent first after two years of observation. Grade II atypia in the bladder mucosa and grade III (carcinoma in situ) had equal significance assessed by the survival-rates. PMID- 3238331 TI - Expression of ABH blood group isoantigen as a prognostic factor in transitional cell bladder carcinoma. AB - The expression of ABH blood group isoantigen was determined with the avidin biotin-peroxidase complex method in a retrospective consecutive material of 230 patients with transitional cell bladder carcinoma. The follow-up period was 5 to 9 years. The five-year corrected survival for 65 patients whose primary tumours showed predominant expression of ABH antigens ('positive') was 80% and for 146 patients with predominant deletion ('negative') 60% (p less than 0.01). Of 107 patients with superficial tumours there were 60 negative and 47 positive. In an analysis of early progression, the negative tumours were found to progress more frequently than positive ones (p less than 0.03). Twenty-three per cent of the negative tumours finally progressed during the whole follow-up, compared with 15% of the positive ones; this difference was not significant. Almost all progressing tumours became negative when they reached an advanced stage. PMID- 3238332 TI - Antireflux ureteroileal anastomosis in ileal conduit urinary diversion and in ileocystoplasty following cystoprostatectomy. AB - Ureteroileal anastomosis, in which intraintestinal ureteral segment was implanted in a mucosal sulcus, was used in ileal conduit urinary diversion on 17 patients and in ileocystoplasty for total replacement of the bladder on 4 patients. Conduitography or cystography, performed 3 months after operation, demonstrated reflux in 1 out of 39 reimplanted ureters (2.6%). Six months after surgery one anastomosis was stenotic and was treated by percutaneous balloon dilatation. Four ureters were slightly dilated and a stone had developed in one ureter. The method seems to be effective and easy to perform. PMID- 3238333 TI - Pressure and flow measurements in the partially obstructed ureter of the rat. AB - Hydronephrosis in man or experimental animals can be caused by an increased ureteral flow resistance. This condition can in the long run prove harmful to renal function. We compared two ways of measuring ureteral flow resistance in animals with and without a ureteral hindrance, the hindrance being induced by embedding the ureter in the psoas muscle. One needle connected via catheters to a pressure recording system and another connected to a pump system were introduced through the parenchyma into the renal pelvis. Experiments were carried out with two procedures: 1) infusion of 0.5 ml x min-1 of saline into the renal pelvis was performed while recording the pressure response; 2) a servocontrolled pump system was used which regulated the flow introduced into the renal pelvis to keep a preset pressure at a constant level. In the first group of experiments we did not establish a steady-state pressure despite 20-30 min of infusion. The result from the second series of experiments indicated that steady-state flow measurements could be achieved at the different pressure levels between zero and 30 mmHg. A good linear relationship between pressure and flow was found, even though a considerable hysteresis was observed. Furthermore, a reduced flow resistance down to a certain level at increased pressure was also recorded. As expected, the resistance to flow was significantly lower in the control than in the hydronephrotic animals. In order to investigate the diagnostic ability of the linear relationship between pressure and flow, prediction regions for one future animal were calculated. It seemed possible that determination of the whole pressure-flow relationship in the pressure range between zero and 30 mmHg will prove useful to determine the flow hindrance in hydronephrotic animals. PMID- 3238334 TI - Relationship between blood groups and tumors of the upper urinary tract. AB - Comparing the relationship between upper urinary tract tumors and blood group ABO and the rhesus system showed that patients with blood group A and blood type rhesus positive had more invasive tumors with a higher grade of dysplasia than patients with blood group O and blood type rhesus negative. PMID- 3238335 TI - Prevalence of urolithiasis in a Finnish district. An epidemiologic study of adults in Tampere. AB - Information on the prevalence of urolithiasis in a general population was obtained in an investigation of 5252 persons in the Finnish city of Tampere from September 1980 to February 1982. The study was based on a questionnaire delivered to every 37th citizen in the age groups 20-69 years and to 45-year-old and 65 year-old persons taking part in a health screening program. Persons with a history of urolithiasis were compared with healthy controls. The prevalence figures were 3.0% for men and 1.8% for women aged 20-69 years. The corresponding figures for the 45-year-old group were 4.2% and 1.2% and for the 65-year-old group they were 5.2% and 2.2%. PMID- 3238336 TI - Clinical and radiological follow-up of chronic non-obstructive pyelonephritis. A retrospective study covering thirty years. AB - The outcome of uni- or bilateral chronic pyelonephritis was retrospectively studied in 26 patients. The material consists of all positive intravenous urographies performed at the hospital during three years in the 1950s and the follow-up time was approximately 30 years. Development of uraemia or death owing to renal disease occurred in 15% of the patients. The majority of patients with unilateral pyelonephritic changes showed unchanged scarring during the years, while progressive scarring mainly occurred in younger patients. The development of renal failure was found in patients with extensive bilateral scarring, proteinuria and hypertension. PMID- 3238337 TI - Acute renal failure following nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis. AB - The etiology and clinical course of acute nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis and ensuing renal failure was surveyed in a series of 40 consecutive patients. In 28 cases the muscle damage occurred after excessive consumption of ethyl alcohol and/or other intoxications. Prolonged lying immobilized was the reason or contributing factor for rhabdomyolysis in 22 cases. The other evident etiologies were convulsions, vigorous physical exercise, arterial occlusion and hypothermia. Typical local signs of rhabdomyolysis--pain, swelling and weakness of the affected muscles--were absent in one fourth of the patients. In these cases the diagnosis was based on transient elevation of serum creatine kinase enzyme activity. Dialyses were required to manage acute renal failure in 24 subjects. All 36 survivors recovered normal renal function. Neurological defects in the extremities still persisted in 16 patients at three months' follow-up. PMID- 3238339 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of human urine and purified Tamm-Horsfall's glycoprotein. AB - Dialyzed and dehydrated human urine and purified Tamm-Horsfall's glycoprotein revealed similar morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Single filaments, with diameters between 15-45 nm, splitting off and merging with thicker fibers at irregular intervals made up a three-dimensional meshwork with submicrometer pores. The resulting "fishing net" is capable of trapping microorganisms and may facilitate their elimination from the urinary tract by micturition. Tamm Horsfall's glycoprotein may accordingly be a factor protecting against urinary tract infections. PMID- 3238338 TI - Renal involvement in IgD myeloma. AB - Nine patients affected from IgD myeloma were studied retrospectively in order to elucidate the incidence and peculiar traits of related nephropathy. Eight patients developed chronic renal failure, and as many as 5 were already suffering from renal failure since first admission to the hospital. In 3 cases acute renal failure was the major presenting symptom of the disease. Five patients underwent a regular dialytic treatment. We suggest that the high incidence of renal involvement found in IgD myeloma is related to the high incidence of Bence-Jones proteinuria observed in this disease. Presenting atypical symptoms, among which renal failure is the most important, are misleading and characteristic of the disease. Survival time seems to be negatively influenced by the presence of renal failure at the time of diagnosis. PMID- 3238340 TI - Long-term follow-up of separate glomerular filtration rate in partially obstructed kidneys. Experimental study. AB - An often encountered assumption is that non-relieved renal obstruction will lead soon or late to progressive deterioration of the renal function. The effect of non-relieved partial ureteral obstruction on the separate glomerular filtration rate (SGFR) was studied throughout the whole life of a series of rats, who were submitted at the age of 3 months to partial obstruction of the left ureter. An initial and variable postoperative SGFR decrease was gradually observed, but after this period, SGFR remained stable until the natural death of the animal. PMID- 3238341 TI - Recurrent unexplained haematuria and risk of urological cancer. A follow-up study. AB - To evaluate the risk of urological cancer in patients with unexplained haematuria, 93 patients, who had undergone complete urological examination and who were classified as having unexplained haematuria, were followed. Mean age was 46 years, range 16-84 years. Seventy-seven patients had gross haematuria and 16 patients had microscopic haematuria. Mean follow-up time was 62 months (range 6 360 months). Urological neoplasms were found in 7 of 38 patients (18%; 95% confidence limits 8-34%) with recurrent haematuria after primary urological examination, and in 1 of 36 patients (3%; 95% confidence limits 0.07-14%) without additional haematuria after primary examination. Regular urological examination of patients with recurrent unexplained haematuria is justified. In patients without additional incidents of haematuria after primary urological examination the risk of urological cancer is not significantly increased. PMID- 3238342 TI - Epidermoid cyst of the testis--benign teratoma in an adult. Case report. AB - Epidermoid cyst of the testis, which is regarded as benign monodermal development of differentiated teratoma and comprises less than 1% of all testicular tumors, was found within the tunica albuginea in a 23-year-old man. Following peroperative histologic confirmation of its benign nature, the cyst was locally removed, thereby avoiding orchiectomy. PMID- 3238343 TI - Leydig cell tumour: diagnosis and treatment. Case report and review. AB - A case of unilateral Leydig cell tumour in the testis with associated gynecomastia is reported. New methods of diagnosis and treatment are reviewed. PMID- 3238344 TI - Carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder. Case report. AB - A case of carcinosarcoma in the urinary bladder is presented. On basis of a review of the most recent literature and referring to our own case, radical cystectomy appears to be the most effective treatment of this tumour. PMID- 3238345 TI - Uremia as a complication to urinary retention due to hypothyreosis. Case report. AB - Uremia caused by urinary retention necessitated acute hemodialysis in a middle aged woman. The primary etiology was most probably hypothyreosis. Normal micturition was reestablished after thyroid substitution. PMID- 3238346 TI - Rheumatoid factor in a new perspective. Proceedings from the International Waaler Conference. Bergen, Norway, 10-13 December 1987. PMID- 3238347 TI - Early U.S. studies of rheumatoid factor. PMID- 3238348 TI - Oxygen free radicals denature human IgG and increase its reactivity with rheumatoid factor antibody. AB - Rheumatoid inflammation is characterised by the production of rheumatoid factor antibodies directed against denatured IgG. Oxygen free radicals have the potential to denature all manner of proteins and can be generated by activated phagocytic cells in the inflamed joint. By modifying routine ELISA and nephelometric procedures for measuring rheumatoid factor, (i.e. substituting free radical altered IgG for rabbit and heat aggregated IgG as antigens) we have observed that oxygen radicals, generated by (1) UV light and (2) PMA-activated neutrophils, give rise to monomeric and polymeric forms of IgG which have increased reactivity towards IgM and IgA polyclonal rheumatoid factor antibodies. We conclude that free radical alteration of IgG may be a stimulus to the formation of immune complexes with rheumatoid factor antibody, thereby promoting and amplifying tissue damage during rheumatoid inflammation. PMID- 3238349 TI - Covalent cross-links in oxygen free radical altered human immunoglobulin G. AB - The damaging effect of an oxygen free radical generating system, i.e. ultraviolet irradiation, on human immunoglobulin G (IgG) was studied. The free radical altered IgG was analysed by a high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a TSK G 3000 SW-column. Gel filtration of 120 min UV-irradiated IgG resulted in three clearly distinguished peaks corresponding to polymer IgG (MW greater than 500 kD), dimer IgG (MW 300 kD) and monomer IgG (MW 150 kD). Analysis of oxygen free radical altered and aggregated IgG by SDS-PAGE and subsequent silver staining revealed inter- and intra-molecular reduction (by beta-mercaptoethanol) resistant cross-links between IgG-molecules were formed. Comparison of amino acid analyses of native IgG with oxygen free radical aggregated polymer IgG showed significant reductions in tyrosine- (7.0%) and histidine- (6.5%) content. These findings suggest that tyrosine and histidine are involved in covalent cross linking between IgG-molecules caused by oxygen free radicals. These alterations on IgG induced by free radical-activity might render it antigenic, and could initiate the production of rheumatoid factors (RF). PMID- 3238350 TI - Human rheumatoid factor reacting with rabbit IgG but not with human IgG. AB - A patient, O.A., had in her serum an IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) of high titer which reacted equally well with monomeric and polymeric rabbit IgG, but showed no reaction with homologous or autologous monomeric and polymeric IgG, neither in hemagglutination nor in ELISA tests. In contrast to the usual specificity of RFs crossreacting with rabbit and human IgG, which require the presence of both the CH2 end CH3 domains, the O.A. RF showed reaction only against the CH3 domain. The existence of human RF not reacting with human IgG could challenge the notion that RF production is necessarily induced by autologous IgG and thus playing an important role in potentiating and regulating secondary immune responses. The O.A. RF might represent 1: an extreme case of heteroclitic antibody, 2: the internal image of a hypothetical Fc-receptor reacting with rabbit IgG but not with human IgG, 3: a result of polyclonal B cell activation, 4: an antigenic crossreaction with an unknown antigen with similarities to rabbit IgG but not to human IgG. PMID- 3238351 TI - Molecular mimicries between human IgG, IgM rheumatoid factor and streptococcal IgG Fc receptors. AB - A monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) from a patient with mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia was found to bind to type M15 group A streptococci with high affinity. The reaction was exerted via the antibody combining sites since it was inhibited by F(ab')2 fragments of anti-idiotypic (Id) antibodies but not by F(ab')2 of anti-IgMFc or normal rabbit IgG. The streptococcal strain also possessed receptors for the Fc part of IgG. IgMRF and IgG attached to different sites on the streptococcal surface, since e.g. anti-Id did not inhibit the IgG Fc receptor binding. Furthermore, it was found that the interaction between the streptococcal IgG Fc receptor and IgG--like the RF/IgG interaction--took place in the interface between C gamma 2 and C gamma 3 and that histidine 435, tyrosine 436 and/or one both of histidine 433 and 310 were involved. PMID- 3238352 TI - IgG Fc receptors in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody to receptors for IgG (FcR) in human placenta was used in a competitive ELISA to demonstrate soluble FcR in human sera. Sera from 20 blood donors, 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined. Soluble FcR were demonstrated in all sera. However, significantly lower amounts of FcR were demonstrated in the patient groups as compared to blood donors. Whether this is due to increased consumption or reduced production has to be further investigated. The findings may be of significance in the pathogenesis of these diseases. PMID- 3238353 TI - Rheumatoid factor isotypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in subjects with "false-positive" reactions. AB - The appearance of RFs, as detected by standard serological techniques, often precedes the onset of clinical RA by years. This pre-rheumatoid immunological reactivity is not associated with C-reactive protein response or occurrence of antibodies against native type II collagen. The profile of RF isotypes appeared to be similar between pre-rheumatoid and rheumatoid sera. RA sera contained somewhat more frequently IgG and IgA class RFs than "false-positive" sera from a community-based population sample. 7S IgM could be detected at about the same frequency in rheumatoid sera, in RF-positive pre-rheumatoid sera and in sera with "false-positive" RF reactions. The significance of the findings in terms of the pathogenesis of RA will be discussed. PMID- 3238354 TI - Environmental and social factors in rheumatoid factor epidemiology. AB - The effect of social and environmental conditions on the epidemiology of Rheumatoid Factor (RF) in healthy population was studied. For this purpose 2 sample of 828 subject was studied using 5 tests for RF. Our sample included: 419 randomized subjects from a quarter at the outskirts of Bologna (high rate immigration, non homogeneous habits and health background; 409 randomized subjects from one rural small town on the Romagna's hills (no immigration, no change in residence or profession for generations, uniform, habits and health background). These tests included: three on slide with binded human (2) and rabbit (1) IgGs and sheep-cells tests-one on slide (Scat) and the other in tube (W.-Rose by Mizuoka). The most frequent positive test was Scat test, in urban population and one human IgG latex-test in the rural population. No urban subject reacted at the same time to 4 or 5 tests. Associated positive results for 2, 3 or 4 tests are usually observed in rural subjects. These results are the expression of the different and more uniform social and biological background acquired by rural people. PMID- 3238355 TI - Evolution of the rheumatoid factor over time. AB - With purpose to verify the epidemiological value of the Rheumatoid Factor's variations over time, we studied: 421 RA at first hospitalization (from 1976 to 1985; Group A); 348 consecutive RA with follow-up at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 months (Group B); 750 subjects, chosen at random from a healthy population, before and after 48 months (Group C). Five agglutination tests were used: three latex tests with human (2) and rabbit (1) IgGs; one red cells test on slide, and one in tube. The results were: uneven variations in positive results in all tests (Group A); the maximum confirmation of the basic profile are provide in short-term follow up; in subsequent follow-ups, with the exclusion of the case of all the negative tests, the remaining profiles have a decreasing confirmation rate (Group B); the positive frequency is different in all the tests; this trend is sustained at follow-up (4 years later) in spite of the overall increase of positive results (Group C). Serum-positive RA, according to all or many tests, tend to reduce the number of positive results; healthy subjects (with few positive tests) tend to increase the number of positive results over time. RA with all the negative tests have a reasonably constant profile. PMID- 3238356 TI - IgA and IgM rheumatoid factors as markers of later erosive changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). AB - Stored samples from within the first year of disease of 119 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) enrolled in a long-running prospective study have been studied for the presence of IgM and IgA rheumatoid factors (RF), using agglutination of rabbit IgG-coated red blood cells to detect IgMRF and an ELISA technique using rabbit IgG coated on the microtitre plates and labelled F(aB)2 fragment of goat anti-IgA. Outcome measures at a mean follow-up of 10.1 years (range 3-20) included the Steinbrocker functional grade and grading of erosive changes on hand and feet Xrays using a modification of Lawrence's method. Both IgA and IgG levels at presentation correlated significantly with outcome measured by erosive changes and functional grade at a mean of 10 years and with the time of first appearance of erosions. In patients who are IgMRF negative early in the disease, IgARF positivity indicates a greater chance of developing both erosions and impaired function than when both tests are negative. IgARF positivity seems to precede IgMRF. PMID- 3238357 TI - Relation between bone erosions and rheumatoid factor IgA and IgM isotypes in recent onset rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In this prospective study 58 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis were followed up for two years with six-monthly assessments including rheumatoid factors (RF) of IgA and IgM subtypes. Initial and mean serum levels of IgA-RFs were raised in patients with an erosive disease course in comparison to non erosive disease. The cases with initially increased serum levels of RFs of both isotypes developed more eroded joints in their hands and feet during the study period than the rest of the patients. None of the differences, however, were statistically significant. Of the tested parameters only clinical rheumatoid activity (Mallya-index) was significantly related to the number of eroded joints during the follow-up. We conclude that serum IgA-type RFs are raised in erosive RA, but the determination of RFs of any kind cannot be used to prognosticate erosiveness. PMID- 3238358 TI - RF-classes (IgM, IgG, IgA) in a group of highly active RA-patients in relation to disease activity and treatment. AB - Rheumatoid factors IgM, IgG and IgA were measured in a group of highly active RA patients before and after short time treatment with steroids. After 6 months treatment with DMARD measurements were carried out again, and RF-titres correlated to disease activity. PMID- 3238359 TI - An ELISA for IgA-IgG and IgM-RF measurement. II. RF in several disease and control groups and under gold therapy in RA. AB - The before introduced solid phase ELISA was employed for the RF determination in the sera of RA patients and controls. The threshold values for positive results (calculated as the 95% distribution percentile of healthy donors) were 8, 3, and 3 U/ml for IgA, IgG, and IgM-RF, respectively. The results confirm the validity of the assay with clear negative results in several negative control groups (healthy donors, patients of the oto-, rhino-, laryngeal ambulance, diabetes mellitus, degenerative arthropathies; n = 111, median IgA, IgG and IgM-RF values of less than or equal to 2, less than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 1 U/ml, respectively; 25-75% distribution percentiles within the median value) and positive results in the positive control group (seropositive RA; n = 20, median IgA, IgG and IgM-RF values of 324, 479 and 170 U/ml, respectively). 16/24 patients with so-called seronegative RA (negative Latex Fixation Test or Waaler Rose Test) had positive results in the ELISA, two of them had rheumatoid nodules clinically. The IgG-RF activity in the ELISA appears to be a good parameter for the course control of RA under gold therapy. 10 RA patients with clinical improvement of disease (declining ESR, CRP, joint index) after six months of gold therapy (= 0.6 g total gold amount) had a decline of total RF activity of 70% in median, whereas 10 patients with no clear effect on disease activity had only a decline of 20% in median. PMID- 3238360 TI - Waaler Rose titres may decrease but increase again during chrysotherapy. AB - In 62 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, treated with gold compounds, the relationship between serological and clinical response was analysed, based on data on the rheumatoid factor (RF) titre, ESR, number of swollen joints and joint tenderness, through 3 years. Three groups were distinguished. The RF titre became normal in 19, remained elevated in 22, became normal and subsequently again elevated in 21. Responders and non-responders to chrysotherapy occurred in all 3 groups. The findings suggest involvement of pathogenetic mechanisms related to IgM-RF, and of pathogenetic mechanisms which are not related to IgM-RF, and which may be responsive or unresponsive to chrysotherapy. PMID- 3238361 TI - Rheumatoid factors in Yersinia-triggered reactive arthritis. AB - Total rheumatoid factor (RF) activity and RF isotypes were measured in the sera of 33 patients with Yersinia infection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Twenty out of 33 patients developed reactive arthritis as a postinfectious complication. Yersinia infection does not seem to stimulate formation of RFs. The serum samples were practically negative, except two consecutive samples of one patient with Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 triggered reactive arthritis which were strongly positive for all RFs tested. Although in Yersinia triggered reactive arthritis continuous response against Yersinia is seen, especially in the form of persisting IgA response, RF do not seem to be involved. PMID- 3238362 TI - IgA and rheumatoid factor in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The elevated serum IgA in seronegative arthritis and psoriasis is not well understood. We examined 112 patients with ankylosing spondylitis for IgA RF, IgG RF and IgM RF by an ELISA method. Two, two and ten patients were RF positive in each Ig class, respectively. Presence of RF was not correlated with Ig concentrations, with presence of HLA-B27, nor with clinical disease signs. It was concluded that RF may be seen in ankylosing spondylitis, but the increased IgA concentrations in such patients are not IgA RF. PMID- 3238363 TI - Rheumatoid factors and physiology of synovial joints. AB - Analysis of rheumatoid factor (RF) effects according to physiological principles suggests that RF activity may decrease joint swelling by (i) decreasing synovial fluid (SF) colloid osmotic pressure, by increasing plasma viscosity and thereby decreasing (ii) fluid escape from the plasma and (iii) convective flux of proteins into joints, and by decreasing (iv) diffusion of proteins from capillaries (et cetera?). RF complexes raising whole blood viscosity might (v) decrease blood flow. A more significant cause of SF hypoxia and lactic acidosis may be tamponade of synovial circulation created by swelling-induced high SF hydrostatic pressures. Increase of non-RF IgG or monomeric IgM and possibly agammaglobulinaemia could contribute to swelling more strongly than RF's. PMID- 3238364 TI - Development of autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice and the effects of drugs on this murine disease. AB - MRL/lpr mice spontaneously develop a systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease with a wide range of clinical and serological characteristics that mimic not only human SLE but other autoimmune disorders. such as Sjogren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Unlike other murine SLE-like disorders, these mice have circulating rheumatoid factor (RF) and develop histological changes in their joints. Therapy of this disease with cyclophosphamide (CY), cyclosporin A, prednisolone, or leflunomide (HWA 486) resulted in very differing effects. Treating these mice with HWA 486 or cyclophosphamide (CY) resulted in a decrease in the amount of autoantibodies, and immune complex deposits on the glomeruli. HWA 486 therapy led to restoration of the depressed immune response of MRL/lpr mice. In the established disease, prednisolone (Pr), cyclosporin A (CSA), and HWA 486 could inhibit the proteinuria and return the urine-protein values to normal levels, but, unlike HWA 486, neither PR nor CSA could extend the longevity of these animals. The MRL/lpr mouse should prove to be very useful as a model for SLE, RA, and for discovering novel drugs to combat such disorders. PMID- 3238365 TI - Acquired transient autoimmune reactions in Lyme arthritis: correlation between rheumatoid factor and disease activity. AB - Lyme spirochaetal disease (LSD) is a complex multisystem disorder which has been recognized as a separate entity due to its close geographic clustering of affected patients. The study aimed at evaluating the clinical and immunological features of LSD with chronic symptoms of meningoradiculitis, carditis and pauciarticular arthritis. Six patients with LSD and erosive arthritis who developed an increase of serum IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) which correlated with the inflammatory activity of the disease are described in detail. Besides raised IgG antibody titers to Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgd.) antigen measured by ELISA technique, circulating immune complexes, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and RF measured by laser nephelometric immunoassay were detected. Increased ANA and RF antibody rates suggest that LSD may closely be linked with transient autoimmune phenomena. Thus, in some cases, B. burgd. antigens might be able to produce a strong polyclonal B-cell stimulation, hence leading to an unspecific autoimmune reaction. But the question remains if transient unspecific autoimmune reactions actually take part in the pathogenesis of LSD. PMID- 3238366 TI - Comparative studies on RF-IgA and RF-IgM ELISA--human or rabbit IgG as antigen? AB - In the literature it is seen that the antigens used in Elisa test for rheumatoid factors (RF) are either human IgG, rabbit IgG, or mouse IgG. We investigated RF IgA activity in 55 serum samples using either human IgG or rabbit IgG as antigen. In other 76 serum samples we investigated RF-IgM activity using either human IgG or rabbit IgG as antigen. In RF-IgA the median AU/ml is found a factor 2-3 times higher using rabbit IgG as antigen. The discriminatory power of the RF-IgA Elisa test is better using rabbit IgG as antigen. In RF-IgM Elisa the results are different using human or rabbit IgG as antigen. Our investigation illustrates some of the problems in Elisa testing for RF's. We conclude that the variations are influenced by the antigen source, being rabbit or human IgG. This might affect the daily and scientific communication between different laboratories and/or clinical departments. Results obtained by one antigen cannot easily be compared with results obtained with the other antigen. This means that the user of the results has to be aware of the antigen used, and it seems most important to develop some kind of standardization in the Elisa tests used. PMID- 3238368 TI - Quality control of rheumatoid factor (RF) testing in Finland. AB - RF has been on the national laboratory quality control program since 1981. A pilot study had showed that most participants would be small laboratories performing qualitative slide latex tests only. Since we nevertheless wanted to be able to extrapolate test sensitivity data for each laboratory, we have sent out sets of 5-6 coded samples that in fact constitute a double dilution titration series. RF positive sera were pooled and the material calibrated with the WHO RF standard. The samples have contained 5-160 IU RF/ml and have been distributed once a year. The number of participants has varied from 58 to 104. Interlaboratory variation has diminished considerably since 1981. Inversions in the estimates of RF contents in the sample series have been notably rare. Waaler Rose returns have mostly been too small to permit statistical evaluation. The same so far goes for the turbido- and nephelometric methods, in use since 1985. PMID- 3238367 TI - ELISA estimations of rheumatoid factor IgM, IgA, and IgG in sera from RA patients with high disease activity. DTT treatment studies. AB - Although Elisa assays detecting rheumatoid factor's (RF) show high sensitivity and specificity, difficulties with IgA- and especially IgG-RF testing in ELISA systems, due to interaction from 'contaminating' IgM-RF is still thought to be a problem. Sera from 15 Rheumatoid Arthritis patients with high disease activity and high IgM-RF values were Dithiothreitol (DTT) treated. IgM-RF values were reduced to approximately zero in all tested sera. IgA-RF activity declined as expected, but also showed a statistically significant correlation between % reduction after DTT treatment and the IgM-RF value from the same serum sample. IgG-RF also decreased after DTT treatment, most pronounced for high IgG-RF values. A correlation (not statistically significant) between the % reduction in IgG-RF after DTT treatment and the IgM-RF value from the same serum sample was observed. Pepsin and Diethylammonium ethyl (DEAE) reduced the IgG-RF activity even more than after DTT treatment of the sera. Fractionation by Gel filtration of 8 serum samples showed that all the RF activity were found according to the 'first top' of the gel filtration curve. PMID- 3238369 TI - A Danish inter-laboratory study of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - The present report concerns data on the applicability of a standardized IgM RF ELISA as undertaken in five laboratories in Denmark. The study was done upon the initiative of the Danish Association for Clinical Immunology who wished to get an impression of the inter-laboratory reproducibility of the assay, since several Counties in Denmark had de-centralized the IgM RF technique for economic reasons. All laboratories received a form describing the details of the recommended technique, a preparation of human IgG for coating of the microplates, a national standard preparation of IgM RF, 3 well-known control sera and 6 unknown patient sera from the Laboratory for Autoimmune Serology. The results were estimated in IU/ml, calculated in each laboratory. Coefficients of variation in positive sera were between 13 and 25%, and in negative sera 45-50%. Negative sera could always be clearly distinguished from low, middle and highly positive sera. Day-to-day variation was minimal in all laboratories (6%-13%). The IgM RF ELISA technique could thus be handled in all laboratories rendering reasonably reproducible results, and all laboratories could distinguish sera with low, intermediate and high levels of the antibodies from each other and from negative sera. PMID- 3238370 TI - Expression of rheumatoid factors in titres or units? AB - About 1% of the Dutch population is per year checked for the first time for the presence of rheumatoid factors (RF). Unfortunately, the interlaboratory variations of the titres of RF tests are enormous. We therefore (re)studied the effect of comparisons of the results with the WHO standard rheumatoid serum, leading to expression of the results in international units (IU), instead of in titres. Testing 5 sera in duplicate in 33 laboratories, a significant decrease of the interlaboratory variability was noted for the Waaler-Rose test, the Latex fixation test and the ELISA for the demonstration of RF's. Also the results of the antiperinuclear factor (APF) test improved significantly. The results of RF's demonstrated with the indirect immunofluorescence technique showed already a satisfactory comparability. Expression in IU's had no significant effect for this test. The introduction of the use of a reference serum met no opposition. Nearly all Dutch laboratories express now their results in units. PMID- 3238371 TI - The influence of NSAIDs on morphology of articular cartilage. AB - A large number of experimental data have given evidence that many NSAIDs can inhibit the synthetic processes of connective tissue in-vitro and ex-vivo. During the past 18 years we have investigated the in-vivo effect of antirheumatic drugs on knee joint cartilage using rats and hens. Single or once-weekly intraarticular injections of salicylates, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, naproxen, ibuprofen, clofezone, fufenamic acid, niflumic acid, or dexamethasone induced morphological alterations in the joint cartilage and subchondral bone, which were demonstrable by means of histology, stereoelectron-microscopy, biochemistry and X-ray. The cartilage of these laboratory animals had a faster turnover compared to man, and the degenerative and destructive processes occurred within 8-12 weeks and were identical or very similar to osteoarthritis in man. In contrast to the general opinion that all NSAIDs possess more or less the same pharmacological properties, the influence of these drugs on articular cartilage was, surprisingly, quite different. In our animal experiments we found that comparable doses between NSAIDs, such as fenbufen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, and tiaprofenic acid, did not induce any degenerative processes in cartilage and subchondral bone in-vivo. A documentation of our radiographical, macroscopical and histomorphological results demonstrated the pronounced differences between NSAIDs on joint tissue. Our experimental data suggested that in the pharmacotherapy of osteoarthritis a specific selection of NSAIDs between those with catabolic and those with non catabolic characteristics in regard to connective tissue metabolism was important and beneficial. PMID- 3238372 TI - Effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on cartilage destruction in antigen induced arthritis in mice. AB - The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, salicylate, piroxicam and tiaprofenic acid, and the steroid prednisolone were investigated in a long-term study for their potential detrimental or beneficial effects on joint cartilage in mice with antigen induced monoarthritis. Daily drug treatment over a period of 4-7.5 weeks did not affect the histological characteristics of normal joints at all. Articular chondrocyte synthetic activity was even stimulated after salicylate and tiaprofenic acid treatment, but the significance of this finding is not yet clear. Cartilage damage, caused by inflammation in the knee joint, was neither markedly deteriorated nor attenuated by these drugs. Minor antiinflammatory properties as measured by decrease in edema using 99mTc-uptake and in the change of inflammatory cells were only evident with prednisolone, piroxicam and salicylate. PMID- 3238373 TI - Epidemiological aspects of osteoarthritis. AB - An epidemiological approach can shed some light on several aspects of osteoarthritis (OA). OA is an ubiquitous condition, with an age-linked prevalence, rising slowly until the age of 50 and rapidly thereafter, especially in women. Its etiology is clearly multifactorial, the main factors being ageing, mechanical stress hereditary and/or constitutional factors, and inflammation. Structural and physical features of cartilage alter with age. These alterations are underlaid by biochemical changes. Mechanical stress is sometimes acute but most often long-standing. Familial or constitutional factors, or the possible triggering role of inflammation, are particularly well documented in certain subsets of OA. Finally, the possibility of an underlying metabolic disturbance remains a stimulating, though yet unproven, prospect. PMID- 3238374 TI - Rabbit articular chondrocytes in soft agar are useful to test the effect of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on chondrocyte replication. AB - The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on rabbit articular chondrocyte proliferation was examined in soft agar and in conventional cultures on plastic dishes. Indomethacin, acetylsalicylate, and naproxen (10(-4) M) decreased the efficiency of colony formation by chondrocytes in soft agar in the presence of fibroblast growth factor, although the drugs had little effect on the proliferation of chondrocytes on plastic dishes. On the other hand, tiaprofenic acid (10(-4) M) did not have any adverse effect on chondrocyte replication in either culture the two systems. Rabbit articular chondrocyte growth in soft agar will be a useful test system for examining the effects of anti-arthritic drugs on cartilage metabolism and repair. PMID- 3238375 TI - Pharmacologic and non-drug therapies for osteoarthritis. AB - Many treatments have been shown to relieve symptoms in osteoarthritis but none have been found to influence the course of the disease. In the context of a symposium on cartilage changes in osteoarthritis, the major interest is in the possible action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, either favourable or unfavourable, on the progression of cartilage destruction in this disease. On the one hand, there is experimental evidence that some anti-inflammatory drugs like indomethacin can adversely affect cartilage or interfere with repair mechanisms. Others like tiaprofenic acid do not have such effects. There is largely anecdotal evidence that indomethacin therapy can lead to rapid progression of hip disease in osteoarthritis. On the other hand, it is traditionally postulated that the process of inflammation with the release of enzymes and other noxious substances in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, leads to cartilage damage. Anti inflammatory drugs might be expected to inhibit such a process as they do in animal models. The long term actions of anti-inflammatory drugs are now being explored in a large scale prospective trial which should provide an answer to the question of whether anti-inflammatory drugs are good or bad for osteoarthritis. Meantime they remain the major symptomatic therapy for the disease. PMID- 3238376 TI - Changes in proteoglycans of human osteoarthritic cartilage maintained in explant culture: implications for understanding repair in osteoarthritis. AB - The maintenance of human osteoarthritic femoral head cartilage in long-term explant culture has been used to assess changes in newly synthesized and endogenous proteoglycans. Minced cartilage was radiolabeled with [3H]-leucine for 24 h. and the high density proteoglycans digested with tosyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone-trypsin. Chondroitin-sulfate-rich peptides were separated from chondroitin-sulfate-poor peptides by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and hexuronic acid, protein, and galactosamine and glucosamine molar ratios determined. The incorporation of [3H]-leucine was highest in peptides enriched in chondroitin sulfate. when day 1 cultures were compared to those maintained for 20 days, several prominent changes were seen including, a reduction in the galactosamine to glucosamine ratio. Taken together with other data which showed a reduction in the hydrodynamic size of these proteoglycans with time in culture, these results showed that changes in the existing extracellular matrix pertinent to the osteoarthritic process can be assessed by maintaining cartilage in long term organ-explant culture. A reduced hydrodynamic size of newly synthesized proteoglycans is consistent with a loss of chondroitin-sulfate and an increase in keratan sulfate in the high density proteoglycans. PMID- 3238377 TI - Visualization and analysis techniques for three dimensional information acquired by confocal microscopy. AB - Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) is particularly well suited for the acquisition of 3-dimensional data of microscopic objects. In the CSLM a specific volume in the object is sampled during the imaging process and the result is stored in a digital computer as a three-dimensional memory array. Optimal use of these data requires both the development of effective visual representations as well as analysis methods. In addition to the well known stereoscopic representation method a number of alternatives for various purposes are presented. When rendering in terms of solid-looking or semitransparent objects is required, an algorithm based on a simulated process of excitation and fluorescence is very suitable. Graphic techniques can be used to examine the 3 dimensional shape of surfaces. For (near-)real time applications a representation method should not require extensive previous data-processing or analysis. From the very extensive field of 3-D image analysis two examples are given. PMID- 3238378 TI - Comparison of the calcium distribution pattern among several kinds of hard tissue forming cells of some living vertebrates. AB - We investigated the ultrastructural distribution of calcium in several kinds of hard tissue forming cells (secretory and maturation ameloblasts, odontoblasts osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteodentine forming cells) of mammals, amphibians, and fish by use of the potassium pyroantimonate technique. The calcium distribution pattern is compared among these cells, and its biological significance is discussed. Except for mammalian odontoblasts, all types of the hard tissue forming cells exhibited fundamentally the same distribution pattern of calcium; the antimonate reaction product was mainly localized on the inner face of the plasmalemma and inside mitochondria. On the other hand, in mammalian odontoblasts, the reaction product was found within secretory granules and in the intercellular spaces. Thus, the calcium distribution pattern in odontoblasts of lower vertebrates differed from that of mammalian odontoblasts and was similar to that of the osteoblasts or chondrocytes of the vertebrates examined. The differences in calcium distribution pattern among these hard tissue forming cells were not related to their origin, ectodermal or mesodermal (ectomesenchymal). We suggest on the basis of previous studies cited in this paper and of the present data that they are closely associated with the phylogeny and physiological system of Ca-ATPase. PMID- 3238379 TI - Attachment of plasma membranes of cultured cells to silicon chips for high magnification imaging in scanning electron microscopy. AB - In the membrane preparation method described in this paper, a polylysine-coated silicon chip is adsorbed to the exposed apical surface of a cell monolayer. Upon removal, the adsorbed chip separates the plasmalemma from the residual bodies of the cultured cells. This sandwich-membrane separation approach simplifies access to the cytoplasmic aspects of both the apical and the basal plasmalemma which remains on the culture substrate and is covered to a varied extent by cytoplasmic infrastructures. To stabilize the attached membranes, small crosslinking agents are used in a controlled osmium impregnation. Large crosslinkers are avoided since they induce thickening of fine structures. Optimal conditions for attachment of plasmalemma of cultured adrenal endothelial cells to the cationic chip are defined. Effective cleaning procedures of the chips and useful molecular weights of polylysine are determined by quantitating colloidal gold adherence to the surface of the chips. The specimens are examined by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 3238381 TI - Vascularization of male gonads in Blennius pavo (Teleostei, Blenniidae) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. AB - The vascular architecture of male gonads of Blennius pavo is studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Arterial supply to the gonads is by a branch of the first ventral segmental artery of the tail. From the surface of the gonads, this vessel gives rise to branches which supply testes, spermatic ducts, testicular glands, blind pouches, urogenital sinus and urogenital papilla. The testis has a rope-ladder-like capillary network around the seminiferous tubules, while in the testicular gland the capillary network is irregular in form. The spermatic ducts are found to have an exterior capillary network located in the compact connective tissue layer and an interior one, lying subepithelially. Urogenital sinus and urogenital papilla show a multilayered capillary network. Angioarchitecture in mature and immature gonads does not differ. PMID- 3238380 TI - Surface visualisation of tissue interfaces by scanning electron microscopy. Methods for exposure of the basal lamina and associated structures in human amnion. AB - Tissue interfaces such as basal lamina have been traditionally investigated in transmission electron microscopy by sections cut vertical to the lamina, presenting information restricted to a single ultrathin plane. In order to overcome this limitation, a methodology for surface visualisation of the underside cell membranes of the amniotic epithelium, the upper and lower basal lamina surfaces, and their relationship to the stromal collagen has been devised. This involves alkaline, detergent or enzymatic loosening and/or removal of the epithelial monolayer prior to fixation, followed by dry fracture after critical point drying. In this way we have visualised large areas of all interfaces and the inter-relationships between these elements during the process of stromal collagen production by the amniotic epithelial cells. PMID- 3238382 TI - A rapid method for observing the internal morphology of amphibian embryos. AB - A simple, rapid method for visualizing the internal morphology of amphibian embryos is described. Fixed embryos of Ambystoma mexicanum are surrounded with commercial embedding material and are frozen. Internal structure is revealed by cutting the embryos with a cooled scalpel or razor blade, removing the frozen embedment with an aqueous buffer, and processing the halved embryos for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This technique allows the internal anatomy of the embryo to be viewed but is much simpler and more rapid than previously described techniques. It should therefore prove useful for understanding and teaching the three-dimensional relationship between tissues in developing embryos. In addition, we believe that this technique could be used, with minor changes, as a rapid method for viewing the internal morphology of a variety of specimens. PMID- 3238383 TI - Ultrastructural characteristics of the fetal and neonatal rat urinary bladder. AB - The embryologic and neonatal development of the normal rat urinary bladder was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy from day 11 of gestation through 21 days of age. The epithelium at day 11 of gestation is composed of small, loosely-connected, rounded cells with occasional short microvilli on their surfaces. The large polygonal cells characteristic of the adult bladder begin to appear by day 15, but the microridges are not apparent until day 17. By day 20, the epithelium appears morphologically similar to the adult bladder. Several morphological features are observed at different times of gestation which are not seen in the normal adult bladder, but they have been found in bladder tumors. During days 12-15 of gestation, most of the luminal lining cells of the bladder epithelium have a single central cilium. Cilia are also occasionally seen at days 11, 16, and 17 of gestation. Occasional cells with long tentacles are present from days 13-16 of gestation. Cells that appear to form bridges between cells are also seen from day 14 of gestation and continue to be observed through day 11 after birth. No cells with distinctive pleomorphic microvilli, a feature of rapidly proliferating bladder epithelial cells in the hyperplastic or tumorous epithelium of the adult, were seen at any time during gestation or after birth. Small foci of superficial layer sloughing occurred at the time of birth, but were rapidly replaced by one day after birth. It is apparent from this study that the bladder epithelium is a rapidly changing, proliferating tissue in utero and continuing for a brief period after birth. PMID- 3238384 TI - Preparation of isolated blood capillaries. AB - Blood capillaries have been isolated from various tissue sources yielding suspensions of capillary segments. These have provided opportunities to study the cellular properties of capillary endothelium under conditions uncomplicated by the presence of stromal tissues and in which measured parameters can be attributed to endothelial cells. Fresh capillary isolates have been used directly as experimental systems but the yield of endothelium is quite low. Amplification of endothelial biomass has been accomplished by using freshly isolated capillaries as explants for primary tissue culture. It has not been previously possible, however, to obtain large amounts of capillary endothelium from a single preparation nor have different capillary types been isolated from the same tissue. The rete mirabile of the eel swim bladder is a copious source of capillaries of two types: thick-walled, continuous capillaries heavily invested with pericytes and thin-walled, fenestrated capillaries. These can be isolated in large numbers free of large blood vessels and contaminating stromal tissue. The two types of capillaries can be isolated from each other by perfusing magnetic beads into one type prior to isolation and separating them from the other type in a magnetic field. This provides a system in which the cellular properties of the two types of endothelium can be studied in vitro and, due to a common isolation procedure, direct comparisons can be made. PMID- 3238386 TI - Changes in the tracheal ciliated cells in rabbits treated by cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II) as studied by electron microscopy. AB - The ciliated epithelium of the rabbit's trachea was investigated after a single 5 mg dose of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP). Specimens were taken for scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. Examination was performed daily for 20 consecutive days. A cytotoxic effect of the drug on the ciliated epithelium was observed with bent ciliary tips, swollen tips and broken cilia. Finally the cilia were lost and large areas of the surface were covered with microvilli. However, 20 days after the drug injection, the restitution of the ciliary carpet was almost complete. PMID- 3238385 TI - Phenotypic changes in the megakaryocyte-platelet lineage. AB - Morphologic and phenotypic changes occur during the maturation of megakaryocytes (MK) from the pluripotent stem cell to platelets. As the MK acquires organelles, it also acquires membrane glycoproteins and granule contents. Platelet membrane GP IIb/IIIa and platelet peroxidase are present from early stages of maturation to the final product of the megakaryocyte, the platelet, while Ia-like antigen appears to be expressed only during early stages of maturation. The MK synthesizes increasing amounts of lysosomal enzymes, GP Ib, and alpha granule proteins as it matures from the megakaryoblast stage to the mature cell. The platelet contains only vestiges of a protein synthetic apparatus; it therefore has acquired most of its contents, except for serotonin, during the maturation of the MK. PMID- 3238387 TI - A comparison of the elemental concentrations in tissue thymocytes from diabetic and non-diabetic rats. AB - The elemental concentrations in thymocytes from control and diabetic rats were studied by use of the techniques of cryofixation and X-ray microanalysis to determine whether any changes occur in the diseased state. Decreases in the concentrations of the elements P and K were found in thymocytes from the subcapsular and cortical regions of the gland in thymus tissue taken 4 days after the onset of diabetes. A decrease in the concentration of Mg was also found in thymocytes from the subcapsular region of the gland. These changes suggest that the metabolism of thymocytes in vivo is altered in the diabetic animals. PMID- 3238388 TI - Concentrations of elements in dying thymocytes from the thymus gland of diabetic rats. AB - Atrophy of the thymus gland occurs in rats made diabetic by a single injection of the drug streptozotocin. Histological studies show the presence of thymocytes with pyknotic nuclei in thymus tissue taken from diabetic animals. Analysis of the elemental content of the pyknotic cells was carried out on freeze dried frozen sections of thymus tissue using the technique of X-ray microanalysis. There was no loss of elements from cells which had undergone the early morphological changes characteristic of pyknosis and which showed the condensed chromatin of pyknotic nuclei. However as the cells shrank and lost the clear distinction between nucleus and cytoplasm there was a loss of elements, particularly Mg and K from the cells. The changes in distribution of elements in the dying thymocytes suggest a method of cell death which does not involve disruption of the plasma membrane. PMID- 3238389 TI - [Efficacy of recombinant interferon alpha-2 in 34 patients with hairy cell leukemia. Effect of splenectomy and dosage reduction results of therapy]. AB - In a retrospective study of 34 patients with hairy cell leukemia treated with recombinant interferon-alpha 2, we have observed a hematological remission rate of 97%. The true complete remission rate based on bone marrow findings was 17%. Although complete remissions can be obtained only in a few cases, treatment with interferon is justified in cytopenic patients since long-standing clinically meaningful improvement of the peripheral blood values can be attained. If interferon is stopped in the remission phase, the blood values deteriorate in 40% of the patients within 5 months. In contrast, it appears that the remission can be maintained with intermittent administration of interferon weekly or even every other week. As compared to splenectomized patients, granulocyte recovery is delayed in nonsplenectomized patients. However, after several months of treatment there is no difference in peripheral blood values between splenectomized and non splenectomized patients. In the light of the present results, primary splenectomy remains justified in a selected group of patients for whom the risk of surgery (due to low granulocytes and/or platelets) is low and for whom careful evaluation predicts a high potential for long-standing remission after splenectomy. In the other cases, initial interferon therapy seems justified. PMID- 3238391 TI - [Measurement of bleeding time and study of thrombocyte aggregation. Standardization of methods, normal values and results in patients with suspected hemorrhagic diathesis]. AB - Bleeding time measurement and investigation of platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma (PRP) are routine procedures for the diagnosis of defects in primary hemostasis. These tests are subject to methodological difficulties and should be well standardized in each individual laboratory. - In the present study, bleeding time was measured using the Simplate II device in 40 normal subjects. Furthermore, platelet aggregation in PRP induced by ADP, collagen, arachidonate, and ristocetin was examined. 26 patients referred for investigation of a suspected mild bleeding disorder, who had a normal plasmatic coagulation profile, a normal von Willebrand factor activity, and a normal platelet count, were similarly studied. - Based on the reference values established in the 40 normal subjects, platelet aggregation was found to be pathologic in 7 patients and normal in 12. In 7 patients platelet aggregation was considered to be borderline pathologic as defined by the range of platelet aggregability found in the 10% of our normal subjects showing the weakest aggregation responses. Bleeding time was prolonged in only 3 patients whereas it was normal in the remaining 23. There was strong evidence of a hemostatic defect as assessed by systematic patient history in 6 out of 7 patients with pathologic platelet aggregation, but in only 3 out of 19 showing normal or borderline-pathologic aggregation. - Pathologic platelet aggregation, therefore, represents not only an abnormal laboratory finding but is likely to be associated with a hemorrhagic diathesis. Platelet aggregation studies do not permit etiologic diagnosis of the thrombocytopathy except for the well-defined membrane glycoprotein deficiencies. The bleeding time appeared to be of low sensitivity for the diagnosis of mild platelet dysfunction. PMID- 3238390 TI - [A fatal course of Nelson syndrome]. AB - An unusually therapy-resistant form of Nelson's syndrome developed in a 23-year old woman two years after treatment of a pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome by bilateral adrenalectomy (1977). Removal of a corticotrophic adenoma by a first transsphenoidal pituitary operation (1979) brought only temporary relief. Two years later, regrowth and apoplexy of the pituitary adenoma led to oculomotor paralysis and had to be treated by a second transsphenoidal operation (1981). A second relapse became manifest two years later. Treatment with bromocriptine relieved the headaches but did not diminish the tumor size. A third pituitary operation (1984) became necessary when neurological signs revealed penetration of the cavernous sinus. The tumor was only partly removed by transsphenoidal surgery. Postoperative deterioration of the patient required emergency craniotomy to check a subarachnoidal hemorrhage and for removal of the remaining tumor. The patient died three days later of pneumococcal meningitis which had developed after the third pituitary operation. PMID- 3238392 TI - [Formaldehyde and phthalic anhydride asthma. Demonstration of specific IgE antibodies with RAST]. AB - Two patients with positive formaldehyde RAST and 3 with positive phthalic anhydride RAST are described, of whom 3 presented with a typical history of occupational asthma and one had only work-related rhinitis. The fifth case with specific IgE antibodies to formaldehyde had only a domestic exposure-effect relationship; asthmatic symptoms had first started some weeks after renovation of the patient's apartment. Thus far, failing proof of specific IgE antibodies, a true allergic reaction to formaldehyde in particular has been doubted. Presenting respiratory symptoms were considered to be probably due to irritant effects. The reported cases indicate that formaldehyde and phthalic anhydride may also exert their effect through immunologic mechanisms. PMID- 3238393 TI - [Systolo-diastolic events in mitral stenosis]. AB - Left ventricular contractility and relaxation in mitral stenosis are still controversial. 20 patients with pure mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm have been studied during diagnostic cardiac catheterization with high fidelity pressure and output recording at rest (R), during dynamic exercise (E), handgrip (HG), methoxamine infusion (M) and amyl nitrite inhalation (AN). - The results were as follows: Mitral valve area was 1.2 +/- 0.4 cm2 and did not change during interventions. LV end-diastolic volume were 106.3 +/- 19.6 ml and ejection fraction 66.5 +/- 3.2%. The mitral valve opening occurred irrespective of interventions 37 +/- 2 msec after left ventricular and left atrial pressure crossover. The mitral valve opening was followed by left ventricular negative pressure of -4.6 +/- 1 mm Hg, suggesting active left ventricular suction. This negative protodiastolic pressure was accentuated by the premature ventricular beat (-7.2 +/- 2.0 mm Hg), AN (-7.4 +/- 1.8 mm Hg) and M infusion (-7.4 +/- 1.2 mm Hg). Closure of the mitral valve occurred 10-15 msec after left ventricular and left atrial pressure crossover, and thus the first part of left ventricular contraction is "non-isovolumic". The LV-LA diastolic pressure gradient at R (15 +/- 7 mm Hg) rose during AN (20 +/- 7.8 mm Hg) and E (28 +/- 8 mm Hg) and remained unchanged during M (15 +/- 6 mm Hg). LV end-diastolic pressure was normal (6.5 +/- 2.4 mm Hg), unchanged during E (6.6 +/- 2.7 mm Hg), diminished during AN (3.6 +/- 1.3 mm Hg) and rose during M (16 +/- 5.8 mm Hg). The peak rate of rise of LV pressure (max dP/dt) was a little low at R (1163 +/- 236 mm Hg/sec) but rose normally on E (1860 +/- 503 mm Hg/sec) and did not change on M (1177 +/- 180 mm Hg/sec), suggesting normal systolic function. PMID- 3238394 TI - [Thrombosis in a probable double heterozygote young man from an asymptomatic family with protein C deficiency and protein C dysfunction]. AB - A family with combined quantitative and qualitative protein C deficiency is presented. The probably double heterozygote propositus with 7% residual amidolytic protein C activity had deep leg vein thrombosis at the age of seventeen. Other family members were asymptomatic. PMID- 3238395 TI - [Constitutional dysfunction of heparin cofactor II with a tendency for venous thrombosis]. AB - Simultaneous determination of heparin cofactor II (HC II) immunologically as antigen (HC II:Ag) and functionally as heparin cofactor (H-HC II) and as dermatan sulfate cofactor (DS-HC II) renders possible a distinction between quantitative and qualitative deficiencies. The usefulness of these methods is demonstrated in the light of a family with several heterozygotes of quantitative HC II deficiency and two unrelated heterozygote men with defective dermatan sulfate cofactor function (DS HC II) and normal HC II:Ag and H-HC II. PMID- 3238396 TI - [The Sanz method of cardiogoniometry]. AB - Cardiogoniometry (CGM), an orthogonal lead system using four chest leads, was performed in a population of 120 healthy volunteers. The measurements were taken simultaneously with the conventional ECG at rest, after upright bicycle exercise at 50 watts, and immediately and 6 minutes after maximal symptom limited exercise. The results of these tests are the normal values for CGM. The normal values are located in a narrow band on the spherical surface of the coordinate system. PMID- 3238397 TI - [Tuberculosis simulating cancer. An autopsy study of 12 cases presenting diagnostic difficulties in clinical practice]. AB - Tuberculosis may simulate cancer. We report on twelve cases with the clinical diagnosis of cancer in which autopsy revealed tuberculosis. Weight loss and fever were the most common symptoms. Chest x-ray abnormalities were seen in 50% of cases. A debilitating disease other than tuberculosis was present in 6 cases. Miliary disseminated tuberculosis was the most common form encountered at autopsy. Physicians should be aware that the clinical findings of tuberculosis may suggest malignancy. PMID- 3238398 TI - [Practical importance of capillary microscopy]. AB - Vital capillaroscopy has been successfully used for many years to study the microcirculation of human skin capillaries. The presence of typical capillary abnormalities is helpful in distinguishing scleroderma from other connective tissue diseases. Application of a local cold exposure test to finger nailfold capillary microscopy reveals the functional difference between normal subjects and patients with Raynaud's syndrome on the level of the microcirculation. Transcutaneous intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy may be helpful in the sometimes difficult differential diagnosis of lower limb edema. Microlymphangiography offers a new approach to depiction of the intravital anatomy of human lymphatic skin capillaries. Further the technique of intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy provides a noninvasive method of studying morphologic and functional abnormalities in diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 3238399 TI - [Salmonella enteritis with a serious course in patients without a suppressed immune system]. AB - Infections with salmonellae causing gastroenteritis rarely lead to bacteremia (1 4%), and serious courses are almost exclusively observed in patients with a compromised immune system. In 1986-1987 we observed 4 patients with no evidence of disturbed cell-mediated immunity, who presented with severe bacteremic salmonellosis (1 patient with S. Heidelberg and 3 with S. enteritidis). 1 patient had septic shock with rhabdomyolysis, 1 patient acute renal failure and 1 patient acute endocarditis. PMID- 3238400 TI - [A 10-year follow-up of cases with anorexia first hospitalized in the Canton of Zurich]. AB - Out of all 38 anorexia nervosa patients hospitalized for the first time in a private or state hospital for pediatrics, internal medicine or psychiatry in the Canton of Zurich during the period 1973-1975, 28 cases could be assessed 10 years later using a semistructured interview. Catamnestic data were categorized according to Morgan and Russel (1975) in a general outcome score and an average outcome score. Regarding somatic and psychosocial dimensions, 11% of the patients examined can be considered symptom-free, 71% improved and 14% unchanged. One patient (4%) had died from the sequelae of anorexia. 64% increased in weight, nevertheless more than half of the patients had disturbed eating behavior at the time of this catamnestic study. An equally frequent finding was considerable impairment of psychologic well-being chiefly reflected in anxiety and depression. The time necessary to attain the normal weight range had varied between a few months and 11 years. Of 8 variables often claimed to be prognostic in the literature on the course of anorexia nervosa, only a short duration of illness before hospitalization was shown to be relevant. The patients with good or medium outcome most often consider psychotherapy or a partner relationship a decisive factor in the favorable course of their eating problem. PMID- 3238401 TI - [The significance of screening studies for the early detection of metastases in curatively operated breast carcinoma]. AB - A retrospective analysis of 80 women with breast cancer operated on with curative intent showed that metastases developed within 8 years. The value of laboratory tests and radiological surveys for the early detection of metastases is considered. In fewer than 50% of the patients was the finding of a single abnormal laboratory result associated with tumor recurrence. However, when several findings were abnormal concomitantly this suggested tumor dissemination in about 90% of women. In 80% of the patients clinical symptoms were present at the time of tumor recurrence. In only 20% of the patients were metastases clinically silent. Since metastatic breast cancer cannot be cured by present treatment modalities, the relevance of detecting early recurrence is limited. PMID- 3238402 TI - [The effect of exercise training on energy requirements at rest]. PMID- 3238403 TI - [New accidental causes of head injuries in skiing--a case report]. PMID- 3238404 TI - [A partial fracture of the sternum in a 10-year-old soccer player]. PMID- 3238406 TI - [Interdisciplinary classification analysis in the framework of sports medicine training guidelines. Theoretical bases]. PMID- 3238405 TI - [Determination of the systolic time interval: application to the study of myocardial contractility in sportsmen]. PMID- 3238407 TI - Eye injuries and eye protection in sports. A position statement from the International Federation of Sports Medicine. PMID- 3238408 TI - Snakebit. PMID- 3238409 TI - Language of translation. PMID- 3238410 TI - Skin saver. PMID- 3238411 TI - [Transcranial real-time sonography in children and adolescents, ultrasound anatomy of the brain]. AB - Cerebral real-time ultrasonography through the fontanelle or temporal bones is being used more and more as a primary diagnostic procedure in infants and newborn suffering from cerebral pathology. Up to now it was limited to children below 18 months. In our study we examined 125 children and adolescents aged 18 months to 18 years and 9 adults with transcranial real-time sonography. With a computed sonography system high resolution of intracerebral structures, especially in the basal parts of the brain, was possible up to the age of about 8 years. Because of thickening temporal bones with increasing age ultrasonic resolution of cerebral structures then progressively decreases. However, a general transcranial ultrasound examination is possible even in adolescents and adults. Normal transcranial ultrasound sections of the brain are compared with standard anatomic sections. Advantages and limitations of the method as well as first clinical applications are discussed. PMID- 3238412 TI - Aluminium and fluoride in the water supply and their removal for haemodialysis. AB - Aluminium and fluoride in the water supply and their removal for haemodialysis have been investigated in the Trent Region, U.K., and wide variations noted. The efficiency of removal of these elements from the mains water supplying home haemodialysis units by different water treatment systems currently installed has been assessed and a follow-up study performed 8 months later. Some improvement in water treatment was noted, with the percentage of home dialysis units receiving waters within the proposed European Economic Community guidelines for aluminium rising from 61.7 to 72.1%. Removal of fluoride by the different treatment mechanisms is analogous to that for aluminium. A comparison of new and older water treatment systems has shown that there is a deterioration in performance with use. However, some cases of poor removal may be due to the installation of unsuitable equipment, or, more probably, due to a change in the waters used to supply the different homes. Thus, adequate maintenance of equipment and frequent sampling of both untreated and treated waters are required in order to maintain the provision of waters suitable for the preparation of dialysate. PMID- 3238413 TI - Concentrations of some trace elements in hair, liver and kidney from autopsy subjects--relationship between hair and internal organs. AB - Autopsy samples of hair, liver and kidney cortex from 30 Swedish subjects (Caucasian) were analysed for Ag, Co, Cr, Hg, Sb, Se and Zn by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The following elements were observed to have higher concentrations in hair than in liver and kidney cortex: Ag, (Co), Cr and Hg (on a dry weight basis). Selenium was highly concentrated in kidney cortex, and Fe in liver. The observed concentrations of most of the elements were very variable for each tissue. In particular, Co values for hair showed more than a 5000-fold difference. However, Se values for hair were relatively constant. A highly significant positive correlation was observed between Hg concentrations in hair and kidney cortex. Somewhat weaker correlations were found between Hg in kidney cortex and liver and Se in hair and kidney cortex. The concentration of Co in liver correlated with that in kidney cortex. It was concluded that, with the exception of mercury, and to a lesser degree selenium, hair analysis did not provide a useful measure of the trace element status of the subjects included in this study. PMID- 3238414 TI - Total selenium concentration in tap and bottled drinking water and coastal waters of Greece. AB - The total selenium concentration in various waters from all over Greece was determined fluorimetrically. The concentration in most of the drinking water, either from the tap or bottled, was within the range 100-200 ng l-1 and showed no great seasonal fluctuations. Most Greeks receive 0.2-0.4 micrograms selenium per day from drinking water. Coastal surface water contains 100-250 ng Se l-1, while higher concentrations are found at locations regarded as polluted. PMID- 3238415 TI - Measurement of particle and gaseous pollution of the atmosphere due to buses. AB - Measurements were carried out in a street reserved for diesel-engine bus traffic for concentrations of suspended dust, the distribution of aerosol particles according to size (0.01-25 microns) and the CO, HC and NOx concentrations. It was found that the bus traffic had an appreciable effect on the amounts of NOx, suspended dust, nucleus mode aerosol particles (0.03 micron) and large 1.5 microns, particles, and smaller effects on the considerable amounts of accumulation mode aerosol (0.2 micron) and large 3.5 microns particles. PMID- 3238416 TI - Acute toxicity of cresols, xylenols, and trimethylphenols to Daphnia magna Straus 1820. AB - Twenty-four-hour IC50 values (50% immobilization concentration) for phenol, o cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, six xylenols, and three trimethylphenols were determined for Daphnia magna under static conditions. Our results show that cresols are more toxic than phenol, that xylenols do not exhibit significantly higher toxicity than cresols, and that trimethylphenols are less toxic than cresols. Thus, no direct relationship can be found between the number and position of methyl groups on the phenol nucleus and their acute toxicity to the water flea. PMID- 3238418 TI - Elevated lead concentrations in Japanese ribs of the Edo era (300-120 BP). AB - Nineteen elements (Al, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were analyzed in excavated bone (rib) of the Edo era (a Japanese historical era, 300-120 BP (before present] from different burial conditions in Tokyo, and in contemporary Japanese bone (rib) obtained from autopsy cases. The elemental composition of the excavated bones varied according to their burial conditions. The concentration of soil-related elements such as Fe, Mn, Co and Ti in the bone was lowest in the samples in the "wooden coffin in a stone room", next lowest in the "funeral urn with mud", and highest in the "wooden coffin full of mud". The Pb concentration was higher in excavated bones than in contemporary bones and much higher, by as much as several tens micrograms/g, in the bones in the "wooden coffin in a stone room" and in the "funeral urn with mud". These results strongly support the notion that Japanese in the city of Edo were highly polluted by environmental lead. PMID- 3238417 TI - Displacement of Chernobyl fallout in snow layers of temperate Alpine glaciers. AB - Measurements of the gross-beta-activity and a gamma-spectrum analysis of radioactive fallout from Chernobyl distributed in vertical snow profiles on an Alpine glacier were carried out. Samples were collected in summer 1986 and in summer 1987. A displacement of isotopes to depths of approximately 6 m was observed. The mean activity per unit area amounts to 10.4 and 6.6 kBq m-2 for samples from 1986 and 1987, respectively, both values corrected to 1 May 1987. Isotopes with half-lives shorter than 110m Ag (250 days) could no longer be detected in 1987. PMID- 3238419 TI - Accumulation of trace elements in the fruiting bodies of macrofungi in the Krusne Hory Mountains Czechoslovakia. AB - The concentrations of some trace elements (Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, Ni) were determined in fruiting bodies of 20 fungal species from seven families (order Agaricales, Basidiomycetes) growing in the Krusne Hory Mountains, Czechoslovakia, where the air pollution is characterized as moderate. Samples were collected from three stands: a spruce forest, the waterlogged margin of a peat bog, and the peat bog itself. The biomass of fruiting bodies of all macrofungi was determined simultaneously. The trace element concentrations varied among trophic groups of fungi: saprophytic species (S) and those parasitic on Sphagnum (Sph) exhibited the highest concentrations, while wood-decomposing (Wd) species displayed the lowest. Several species mycorrhizal with spruce (Ms), such as Amanita umbrinolutea, Russula ochroleuca, and Xerocomus badius, also attained higher concentrations than were found for other mycorrhizal fungi. The trace element concentrations were higher in the caps than in the stems of the fungi. The fraction of trace metals retained by the biomass of fruiting bodies of fungi with respect to annual fallout is estimated at 1 0/00. Factors affecting fungal uptake of trace elements are discussed. PMID- 3238420 TI - Lead and cadmium in fruiting bodies of macrofungi in the vicinity of a lead smelter. AB - The concentrations of lead and cadmium in the fruiting bodies of mycorrhizal and edible macrofungi (Basidiomycetes, Agaricales) were measured in the vicinity of a lead smelter. Very high concentrations of both metals were found 1 km from the stack, and elevated concentrations were observed up to a distance of 4.5 km. The dependence of the concentrations on the distance from the stack were approximated by an exponential function, the extrapolation of which showed that only at a distance of 6 km did the concentrations approach those reported from an area in the Krusne Hory Mountains with a medium level of air pollution. The concentrations of lead were slightly higher in the caps than in the stems of the fungal fruiting bodies from the sites close to the smelters; at a distance of 1.7 km they were the same, and at greater distances the lead concentrations in the caps were slightly lower than those in the stems. The cap/stem concentration ratio for cadmium does not exhibit any change with distance. The different behaviour of the two metals can be explained in terms of the lower mobility of Pb2+ ions. Because of their lead and cadmium contents, edible mycorrhizal fungi picked within a distance of 0.6 km of the stack can be toxic to man if eaten often in quantities that are usual in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 3238421 TI - Insecticide residues in total diet samples in Punjab, India. AB - Total diet samples, collected every 3 months during a period of 1 year, were analysed for DDT and BHC residues. The food items were purchased from retailers, prepared for eating according to local practices and divided into several food groups. The results show that average dietary exposure to DDT and BHC residues was, respectively, 239 (range: 124-288) and 125 (range: 68-268) micrograms person 1 day-1 for vegetarians, and 225 (range: 138-263) and 134 (range: 63-280) micrograms person-1 day-1 for non-vegetarians. These dietary intake values are much higher than those reported from developed countries. Fatty food groups (milk and milk products, oils and fats, meat and eggs or cheese) were responsible for approximately 85% of the total DDT intake, while BHC residues were distributed more evenly in various food groups. The observed DDT intake is close to its acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 300 micrograms person-1 day-1 for a man weighing 60 kg. No ADI value for BHC residues is available. PMID- 3238422 TI - Do selenium and glutathione inhibit the toxic effects of mercury in marine lamellibranchs? AB - The effect of selenium (SeO2) and glutathione (GSH) on the bioaccumulation of mercury (HgCl2) and on the activities of lysosomal enzymes in four species of tropical estuarine lamellibranchs is reported. A definite correlation between mercury levels in the external medium and tissue uptake and physiological behaviour--opening and closing of shell valves, response to mechanical stimulus, mucus secretion, and incidence of bleeding--was evident. In the clams exposed to Hg (range 0.1-5.0 mg l-1), bioaccumulation was dependent on the ambient concentration of Hg. The highest bioaccumulation of Hg occurred during the initial 24 h exposure period. Further exposure of up to 7 days did not increase the body burden of Hg. Of the four bivalve species exposed to 0.1 mg Hg l-1, Perna viridis showed the highest levels of Hg (approximately 47 ppm) followed by Anadara granosa, A. rhombea (approximately 25 ppm) and Meretrix casta (approximately 9 ppm). The uptake of Hg by A. granosa was greatly reduced by GSH, whereas Se enhanced it by 50% when administered in combination with Hg. However, the presence of Hg did not influence the uptake of Se. Exposure to combined GSH and Hg resulted in almost complete inhibition of Hg uptake in all four bivalve species. Prior exposure to GSH, however, did not have the same influence on their uptake of Hg. Nevertheless, exposure of clams to GSH following initial exposure to Hg resulted in complete depuration of accumulated Hg. The activities of lysosomal enzymes--arylsulfatase, acid phosphatase, beta-galactosidase and beta glucuronidase--varied considerably. Treatment with Hg and GSH, separately and in combination, significantly enhanced the levels of beta-galactosidase (P less than 0.05) and beta-glucuronidase (P less than 0.001) in the digestive gland after 96 h exposure. Although Se increased beta-glucuronidase activity (P less than 0.001), it had no effect on beta-galactosidase. On exposure to Hg + Se the activity of both enzymes decreased, except in P. viridis where it increased by 39%. The results show unequivocally that Se does not offer any protection against the toxic effects of mercury in marine lamellibranchs, whereas in many marine vertebrates it does. GSH, a thiol-rich tripeptide, on the other hand, completely nullifies the toxic effects of Hg, both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3238423 TI - Is fluoridation a fraud? AB - During the past 15 years tooth decay rates have declined markedly amongst children in many parts of the industrialised world. Over the same period, however, decay rates have increased dramatically in children in developing countries. For many years it has been claimed that water fluoridation is the most important and cost-effective method for controlling dental caries. A series of recent papers in the scientific literature have challenged the 'fluoridation hypothesis', since the decline in decay reported in the developed countries has occurred in both fluoridated and unfluoridated areas. In some countries of the developing world, tooth decay is now reaching crisis proportions, hence it is important to know whether fluoridation really can "reduce tooth decay by about 60 per cent", or if the dental profession has been promoting a 'flawed' hypothesis for more than 40 years. PMID- 3238424 TI - Tributyltin contamination in the Firth of Forth (1975-87). AB - Contamination of the Firth of Forth (Scotland) by tributyltin compounds leached from antifouling paints has been identified using the degree of penis development (imposex) in the common dogwhelk Nucella lapillus. In 1987, a high degree of imposex was observed in the vicinity of pleasure craft activity, fishing harbours and a boat yard, reflecting localised inputs of tributyltin from these sources. Dogwhelks collected in 1975 from sites comparable to those surveyed in 1987 showed lower degrees of imposex and also a lower incidence of penis development in females. PMID- 3238425 TI - Radon adsorption on activated carbon and the effect of some airborne contaminants. AB - The adsorption and desorption of radon on five types of activated carbon and the effect of various airborne contaminants on the adsorption process was studied, the dynamic adsorption coefficient for the carbon samples tested was found to range from 2.4 +/- 0.2 to 7.1 +/- 0.71 g-1. Iso-octane was found to reduce the dynamic adsorption coefficient significantly. PMID- 3238426 TI - The use of sweat to monitor lead absorption through the skin. AB - It is usually assumed that lead can be absorbed through the skin only if it is present as an organolead compound such as tetraethyllead or lead naphthanate. It has been found, however, that finely-powdered lead metal or lead nitrate solution placed on the skin results in rapid absorption of lead, and transport of the metal around the body. The absorbed lead appears in sweat and saliva, but not in blood or urine. The application of 6 mg of lead as 0.5 M lead nitrate to the left arm resulted in an increase in lead concentration in pilocarpine-induced iontophoresis sweat samples taken from the right arm, from an initial value of 15 25 micrograms Pbl-1 to greater than 300 micrograms Pbl-1 after 2 days. Saliva lead increased from 2.5 to 15 micrograms Pbl-1 in the same period. The rate of lead absorption through the skin increases with increased sweating of the skin. Since no measurable increase in blood lead has been found, the lead must be transported in the plasma and rapidly concentrated into the extracellular fluid pool (sweat and saliva), without significant uptake by the erythrocytes, and with a very low transient concentration in the plasma. Workers occupationally exposed to lead have extremely high levels of lead in sweat even though their lead in blood is only moderately elevated. Lead absorbed through the skin may be eliminated via sweat and other extracellular fluids, and hence not be as great a health hazard as ingested lead, but this will need to be proved by further studies. PMID- 3238427 TI - Comment on "The cadmium and lead content of suspended particulate matter emitted from a U.K. refuse incinerator" by A. Wadge and M. Hutton. PMID- 3238428 TI - [Biomechanical studies of the tensile strength of the anterior cruciate ligament with special reference to age-dependence]. PMID- 3238429 TI - [The 130 degree double T plate, a stress stable implant of superior bending resistance for the osteosynthesis of unstable per- and subtrochanteric femoral fractures]. PMID- 3238430 TI - [Endoprosthesis in comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus. An acceptable alternative]. PMID- 3238431 TI - [Risk of infection and prevention of infection in changing the surgical procedure from fixateur externe to tibial intramedullary nailing]. PMID- 3238432 TI - [Simultaneous dorsal carpometacarpal dislocation II-V with compartment syndrome]. PMID- 3238433 TI - [Periosteal osteosarcoma]. PMID- 3238434 TI - [Osteosynthesis of dislocated intra-articular calcaneus fractures]. PMID- 3238435 TI - [Increased pressure in the compartments of the sole in joint fractures of the calcaneus]. PMID- 3238437 TI - Computed tomography or magnetic resonance for evaluating the solitary tumor or tumor-like lesion of bone? AB - Following an abnormal radiograph, an initial 34 patients had both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) to further characterize and stage a solitary tumor. This experience determined the choice between CT and MR in evaluating the next 55 solitary tumors. The choice of examination depends on the radiologist's ability to characterize the lesion from the radiograph as to its morphology, matrix, and probable histologic nature. The anatomic location, in turn, frequently influences the ability to characterize the lesion. Lesions in long bones can almost always be successfully characterized by radiography and, in these instances, only the MR examination is required to stage the tumor. Radiographic characterization of tumors in flat bones such as the scapula, certain portions of ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis is often difficult or incomplete. In these cases, CT is the preferred initial examination, and if further staging is required to establish the relationship of the tumor to soft tissues or neurovascular structures, the MR examination is done. Because of MR's superiority in staging the tumor and CT's superiority in characterizing the lesion, the initial choice between the two examinations should depend on the radiologist's ability to characterize the lesion from the radiograph. When radiographic depiction of tumor permits assessment of its morphology, matrix and probable histologic nature, (characterization) MR ought to be the next examination solely for staging purposes. It is the anatomic location of the tumor and the radiologist's ability to characterize it that ought to govern the choice of the next examination. Surgical and histopathological findings were known in all patients in this study. PMID- 3238436 TI - The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of Ewing sarcoma. A report of 27 cases. AB - The experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 27 patients with Ewing sarcoma is reported and compared with computed tomography (CT) and plain films. Plain radiography proved to be the best imaging method to asses probable histological diagnosis in all cases (n = 6). For the evaluation of chemotherapeutic response (n = 4), CT and MRI gave the same information about the variation in size of the tumor. In this small series, the high signal in T2 weighted images was not altered significantly by therapy. In preoperative evaluation (n = 14), MRI gave better information than CT of soft tissue involvement and extension within the bone marrow in two cases each. The ability of MRI to accurately define extension through the epiphyseal plate in two cases permitted limb salvage which otherwise would not have been possible. In the long term follow-up (n = 12), three patients without recurrence one year after therapy showed a low signal in the surgical area in T2 weighted images. Nine patients had a high signal in T2 weighted images: four were reactive lesions, two had obvious recurrence, and one was a hematoma. In the two remaining cases plain films and CT were normal, in the presence of both active tumor and reactive lesions. It was not possible with MRI to differentiate active tumor from reactive change, even after Gd-DTPA infusion. PMID- 3238438 TI - Osteolytic cortical destruction: an unusual pattern of skeletal metastases. AB - Twenty-two histologically proven cortical metastases in 11 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma (10 squamous cell and one adenocarcinoma) were studied. The intracortical foci could be classified according to four distinctive patterns of bone destruction: small focal intracortical lesions ("cookie-bite" or "cookie cutter" pattern); large osteolytic lesions; saucerized intracortical lesions with well-defined periosteal reaction; and lesions with predominant cortical destruction extending into the soft tissue as well as the medullary cavity. All lesions were located in the femoral bones. PMID- 3238439 TI - Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia complicated by severe osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. Incidence in two families. AB - Two families are described which appear to contain examples of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. In both families a striking incidence of severe osteochondritis of the knees was encountered. It is suggested that this was caused by the fragmented and maldeveloped epiphyses characteristic of epiphyseal dysplasia. PMID- 3238441 TI - The Neer classification of fractures of the proximal humerus. An assessment of interobserver variation. AB - The reliability of the Neer classification of proximal fractures of humerus was examined by determining the agreement between pairs of observers using weighted kappa statistics. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of 100 surgical neck fractures were grouped independently by four observers. A low degree of agreement was found, especially between the most inexperienced observer and the rest. Considering the therapeutic consequences of a correct classification, these fractures should be assessed by experienced orthopedic surgeons or radiologists. PMID- 3238440 TI - Chondroblastoma of the patella. AB - This study reviews 16 cases of chondroblastoma of the patella which constitute nearly 6% of a large group of chondroblastomas scattered throughout the skeleton. Both radiologic and histologic appearances of chondroblastomas of the patella are indistinguishable from those of chondroblastomas arising in other sites. A reasonable differential diagnosis, including chondromalacia patella, is discussed together with important therapeutic considerations. PMID- 3238442 TI - Thoracic disc herniation versus spinal metastases: optimizing diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Thoracic disc herniation has been difficult to diagnose, both on clinical grounds and by conventional radiologic methods. This entity may masquerade as a neoplastic mass, particularly if there is a history of primary malignancy. Magnetic resonance imaging was able to establish the correct diagnosis in each of the four cases presented here. PMID- 3238443 TI - The potential aggressiveness of sinus osteomas. A report of two cases. AB - The fronto-ethmoidal osteoma is a relatively rare radiological finding and its growth potential, as well as the complications it may lead to, are often underestimated. Osteomas are a frequent cause of mucoceles and sinusitis due to blockage of the nasal ducts but can also present with more dramatic signs such as orbital or intracranial invasion. This knowledge must draw our attention to the need for follow-up of these tumors, whose growth apparently continues after puberty, especially when they are of the spongy type. PMID- 3238444 TI - Case report 489: Hibernoma of left thigh. PMID- 3238445 TI - Case report 497: Compact osteoma of iliac bone. PMID- 3238446 TI - Case report 498: Intraosseous lipoma of the distal end of the fibula with focal infarction. PMID- 3238447 TI - Case report 499: Benign mesenchymoma of right thigh. PMID- 3238448 TI - Case report 500: Tumoral calcinosis in area of left hip. PMID- 3238449 TI - Case report 501: Alveolar soft parts sarcoma with pulmonary metastases. PMID- 3238450 TI - Case report 502: Intra-articular synovial chondromatosis of shoulder with extra articular extension. PMID- 3238451 TI - Sports participation and health status: a preliminary analysis. AB - This paper presents fresh evidence which examines health in relation to age, sex, socio-economic status, sport type and frequency amongst indoor sports participants. The evidence is from 4441 self-completed questionnaires by representative samples of adult participants in seven indoor sports at 46 separate sports facilities, in six U.K. cities. Six indicators of the respondents' health were inter-related and, for purposes of this analysis, are combined into a six-point scale, Males and females in all age groups who were taking part in the more physically demanding sports recorded the highest health scores. In addition, individuals who were playing these demanding sports more than once per week scored higher than those participating in the same activities less often. Health score was also found to be associated with other health promoting lifestyle practices, such as never smoking and moderate alcohol consumption. Longitudinal corroboration will be necessary to confirm sport as a causal factor in the health-sport relationship, though the cross-sectional evidence from this enquiry is encouraging. It suggests that all types of physically demanding sport, competitive or not, offer measurable health gains to men and women of all ages and whatever their broader ways of living. PMID- 3238452 TI - Socioeconomic status and health status: a study of males in the Canada Health Survey. AB - The relationships between education/occupation/income and health status have been well documented in the international epidemiological and sociological literature for many years, however, specific studies on the subject are scarce in Canada. Even when relationships have been demonstrated, the reasons for these relationships are much debated. This study presents an analysis of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health status. The study is based on analysis of data from a sample of nearly 2000 male principal income earners from the 1978 Canada Health Survey. Firstly, is there a relationship between an individual's SES and health status in Canada? Secondly, what aspects of SES--education, occupational status, and/or income--are most important? Thirdly, what are the possible explanations of the observed relationship? That is, is it possible to disaggregate the relationship and thereby infer possible causal mechanisms? The findings indicated a direct positive relationship between SES and health status, i.e. the higher an individual's SES, the better that person's health. The major exception to this was the SES/fitness relationship. In this instance, the higher the SES, the lower the level of fitness. Though age was an important control variable as SES, fitness and illness are age related, the findings relating SES to the health measures remained even when age was controlled for. Of the three SES measures, income was consistently the best correlate of health status. Occupational status showed the most inconsistent relationships with health status. The findings supported both the social causation and social selection hypotheses. That is, social position can have an effect on health status (social causation), while health status can affect one's social position (social selection). PMID- 3238453 TI - Revision of the Italian psychiatric reform: north/south differences and future strategies. AB - The Italian psychiatric reform of 1978 shifted the care of the mentally ill from the asylum to the community, by prohibiting new admissions to asylums and providing new community-oriented services. Ten years later, the Italian government is reviewing the effects of the psychiatric reform and is considering drastic revisions of the Law. However, few data are available to evaluate the impact of the new legislation on a national basis. The present cross-sectional study, conducted in North-Central and Southern Italy, showed that a more socially disadvantaged patient population was treated in Southern Italian mental health services. In both geographic regions, the probability of being currently treated in mental hospitals as compared to community services was increased by poor education, being unmarried, having a schizophrenia or organic diagnosis, a long psychiatric history, a long previous hospitalization, or a poor prognosis. However, a long psychiatric history was the main factor associated with current mental hospital treatment in Southern Italy but not in the North-Center, thus suggesting that the psychiatric reform has had different impacts on Northern and Southern mental hospitals. The inadequate provision of community-oriented services in Southern Italy regions, and the presence of private mental hospitals that are publicly reimbursed, contribute importantly to the unsatisfactory situation of mental health care delivery in Southern Italy. The reinstitutionalization of mental patients is currently proposed by some political parties in Italy. This article argues that new legislation must address the provision of effective community services in the South, better definition of the role of the private sector, and the creation of an effective information system to monitor the implementation of the proposed measures. PMID- 3238454 TI - Predictive value of life events, psychosocial factors and self-rated health on disability in an elderly rural French population. AB - Increasing evidence suggests that exposure to stressful life events and a variety of psychosocial factors are related to different health outcomes in the elderly. Our purpose is to study the predictive value of each of these items on the ability deterioration of a panel of 645 rural adults, aged 60 and over, living at home and followed for 4 years (1982-1986). This survey was carried out in five rural areas of Haute-Garonne (South-West France). Data were collected from the elderly themselves by questionnaire in 1982 and 1986. An indicator of ability evolution (1982-1986) was constructed for all those surviving and reviewed in 1986. Our study concerned 470 elderly people. Ability deterioration was 55.3% (260 elderly people). The analysis of age-adjusted relative risks (RR) of ability deterioration showed a significant impact of economic level (RR = 2.3), self rated health (RR = 2.2) and reported morbidity (RR = 2.2). Among the psychosocial factors, we noted the predictive role of a lack of project for the future (RR = 1.7) and mostly of a feeling of uselessness (RR = 9.8), but also of non participation in association activities for people aged less than 75. All these relationships remain significant after adjustment according to reported morbidity. In contrast, no significant effect was found for social support and life events which occurred during the follow-up period. Logistic discriminant analysis and segmentation analysis were performed. They confirmed the independence of the predictive roles played by age, economic level, reported morbidity and the feeling of uselessness. These results, discussed with bibliographic data, should give a better knowledge of the processes which underlie pathological ageing. PMID- 3238455 TI - Depression in unemployed Swedish women. AB - Two groups of Swedish women--51 employed and 96 unemployed--were compared in terms of their scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). It was hypothesized that unemployed women would be more depressed than their employed counterparts and further that the distress of unemployment would be reflected in elevations in cortisol values among those who were out of work. It was found, even when controlling for social support, stressful life events and marital status, that depression as seen in the BDI scores, was greater in the unemployed group. However, no relationship was observed between either cortisol and employment status or cortisol and depression. PMID- 3238456 TI - How physicians choose drugs. AB - A drug choice model which includes the physician's attitudes, norms and personal experiences with drugs, was tested. One hundred and sixty-nine physicians were asked to estimate the model's components for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and of renal colic. Given three drugs for both indications, the physicians gave their expectancies about the treatment outcomes, professional acceptability, patient demand and their personal experiences with the drugs. They also stated the value they assign to each of these components when choosing a drug for IBS and for renal colic. The influence of patient demand on the choice of a specific drug appeared to be negligible. The combined effect of the other three elements of the model predicted the stated drug of first choice correctly in 74% (for IBS) and 78% (for renal colic) of the cases, but further analysis showed that only the drug choices for renal colic were as reasoned as the model assumed. Expectancies and values about treatment outcomes determined the drug choice only in part. For choosing a drug for renal colic, the professional environment was more important. Moreover it was found that drug preferences were more related to expectancies about efficacy than to expectancies about side effects for both disorders. The findings can be useful when trying to change prescribing behaviour. Only a limited effect can be expected from the provision of technical drug information. Especially information about costs is unlikely to change prescribing easily, unless values and norms are changed as well. The importance of the professional environment implies that educational programmes in groups might be more effective than individual approaches. PMID- 3238457 TI - Effects of a community-wide smoking cessation program. AB - The evaluation of a low-cost community-wide smoking cessation campaign conducted in a major metropolitan area demonstrated a major impact on the number of people smoking, amount of cigarettes smoked, and expenses associated with smoking. The American Lung Association's 20-day self-conducted Freedom From Smoking program was used in conjunction with TV coverage. Standard telephone survey techniques determined that 5300 stopped and 26,500 reduced smoking. Major features of the program were evaluated and important differences were analyzed between males and females, users and non-users of the program manual, and success groups. Behavioral factors as opposed to historical factors appeared to be most important for success. PMID- 3238459 TI - Practice compatibility and type of framework: essential dimensions in the salaried primary care practitioners' approach to practice. AB - A multivariate paradigm, aimed at furthering the understanding of the factors underlying the devotion to practice of salaried primary care practitioners, has been developed and subjected to empirical verification. A study among a sample of Israeli primary care practitioners (N = 134) revealed an empirical structure of "Practice Compatibility', suggesting that the devotion to practice is conditioned by the clinical and professional role compatibility. Compatibility in turn is contingent on the practitioners' conviction in the sincerity of manifest health care oriented goals of the care-providing-framework. The herein developed notion of "Practice Compatibility' facilitated the distinction between types of employing frameworks according to the factors predicting the salaried primary care practitioners' devotion to practice. In this respect the contribution of the present study is in identifying the factors underlying the salaried practitioners' motivation to practice. However, contrary to the expected, practice compatibility does not predict the primary care practitioners' likelihood to demonstrate affective behavior. Thus the data were unable to repudiate earlier evidence regarding the significance of the private fee-for service framework in predicting affective behavior. PMID- 3238460 TI - Pharmaceuticals in two Brazilian villages: lay practices and perceptions. AB - Family use and understanding of modern medicines was studied in two villages in rural Bahia, Brazil. It emerged that pharmaceuticals figure in the treatment of most reported health problems. Nursing infants above all are treated with drugs frequently and intensively. The three most commonly used medicine-groups are antibiotics, analgesics and vitamins. The majority of these medications are 'prescribed' by a pharmacy attendant or the patient himself. Roughly half of the applied medications appear on neither the WHO list nor the Brazilian national list of 'essential drugs'. In almost one third of the cases studied 'dangerous' substances were used. If we consider the medications in use from a strictly biomedical viewpoint, it must be said that between half and two thirds of them ought to be regarded as irrational. A lot of money, moreover, is being spent on modern medicines. In one of the two villages, each week every family spent, on the average, a full day's wages to obtain a wide range of medications. The attitude of the families studied towards modern pharmaceuticals was highly positive. In general, people held the view that medicines should be used in the event of any sickness or discomfort. Possible hazards accruing from the use of modern medicines were scarcely acknowledged, if at all. Furthermore the notion obtained that many drugs should be used at the same time in cases of severe illness, or whenever a quick recovery was desired. A remarkably vigorous interest in diseases and their treatment was observed. Perhaps in this keen interest was a potential solution to problems of over-medication and the irrational use of pharmaceuticals in the Third World. The paper closes with a plea for providing more information about pharmaceuticals to consumers. PMID- 3238458 TI - The role of social support and life stress events in use of mental health services. AB - This study examined the role of social supports and life stress events in use of mental health services. Data were derived from a 3-5 year longitudinal study of a general population of adults (ages 14 and older) enrolled in the RAND Health Insurance Experiment. The sample used in this analyses included those enrollees who participated for a full year in the second (N = 1979) and third (N = 2601) years of the experiment. Included were 4580 person-years of data. Statistical methods used probit regression models which controlled for a number of covariates including insurance plan, site, sociodemographic variables, physical and mental health. Results supported the following conclusions: (1) the more life events experienced, the more likely one is to use mental health services, (2) chronic types of life events are more important than acute events in predicting use of mental health services, (3) when defined as social contacts, social support does not predict use; however, when defined as social resources, the more support one has the less likely is one to use mental health services, and (4) neither social contacts nor social resources buffer the impact of life stress events on use of services. PMID- 3238461 TI - Alcohol-related knowledge, beliefs and attitudes among health and clerical personnel. AB - Health personnel has been thought to pay too little attention to alcohol-related problems. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs related to alcohol were studied among 225 physicians, 296 nurses, and 279 clerical employees. Knowledge scores were constructed by giving one point for every correct answer. For knowledge on alcoholic beverages and biological facts (11 questions), the mean scores were: physicians 7.7, nurses 6.7, and clerical employees 6.5. For etiologic knowledge (12 items), the means were: physicians 8.6, nurses 6.9, and clerical employees 6.3. The respective scores for prognostic knowledge (9 items) were: physicians 6.8, nurses 6.3, clerical employees 5.5. For knowledge on prevention and treatment the mean scores were: physicians 2.7, nurses 2.2 and clerical personnel 2.3. Physicians had more permissive attitudes towards alcohol use in various social situations and were less likely to recommend compulsory treatment than nurses or clerical employees. With respect to the prevention of alcohol problems, all groups considered face-to-face health education to be the most effective approach, followed by radio and TV education, and then voluntary treatment. Beverage price increases were regarded to be the least effective approach by nurses and clerical employees, while physicians felt that the press was the least likely source of enlightenment. Knowledge was only remotely related to age, marital status and permissive attitudes. Health personnel knew more about alcohol related problems than lay people, but there is room for further improvement. PMID- 3238462 TI - Cornell Medical Index responses and mortality in a Polynesian population. AB - The Cornell Medical Index (CMI) is a health questionnaire consisting of a somatic division, divided into 12 sections organized by organ systems, and a psychosocial division. It has been suggested that the CMI taps a dimension of the perception of illness before clinical measurements detect disease. However, this has not been confirmed in nonwestern populations. Our purpose was to determine if the CMI predicted 6-year mortality in a Polynesian population. In 1975, 461 American Samoan men responded to the CMI. Thirty-one died between 1976 and 1981, 13 of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A logistic model was used to predict both total and CVD mortality during the follow-up period. Positive responses to the total, somatic, and psychosocial divisions of the CMI did not significantly improve prediction of mortality compared to models using only age. An analysis using section scores showed that several somatic sections were associated with CVD mortality, but none were associated with total mortality. This study suggests that the CMI is not a strong predictor of mortality and, by extension, of existing health status in American Samoa. Even if the CMI does measure the perception of illness, one cannot assume a priori that it is valid in any given anthropological population. Rather, the instrument must be pretested in each particular cultural setting. PMID- 3238463 TI - The urban community as the client in preterm birth prevention: evaluation of a program component. AB - Education of communities about preterm birth is essential because preterm birth is a major perinatal health problem, contributing 60-80% of the perinatal mortality in the United States. Preterm birth impacts on the health of the community through the increased morbidity and mortality of the affected children, which leads to higher health care costs and compromised future productivity. The role of early enrollment into prenatal care in the improvement of perinatal outcomes has been established by many investigators. A health education strategy using a communication in the form of a videotaped program was designed in order to increase community awareness about this serious health problem and about the importance of early prenatal care. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate that strategy by: determining the validity of the communication; analyzing its impact on related behavioral intentions of Community Board members; and assessing the association between behavioral intentions and reported behaviors in those Community Board members. A panel of experts in the fields of prenatal care/preterm birth or health education/communication was used to evaluate the face validity of the communication, using the Communication Rating Scale, an instrument developed by James Malfetti, Ed. D. The Fishbein Linear Regression Model was utilized in ascertaining attitudes and social normative factors predictive of behavioral intentions. A nonequivalant control group design was used to measure the impact of the communication on the behavioral intentions of 10 Community Boards in the Bronx, New York. The findings included high ratings by the expert panel; a positive significant difference between behavioral intentions of Community Board members before and after viewing the communication; and significant correlation between behavioral intentions and reported behaviors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3238464 TI - Accountability of anthropologists, indigenous healers and their governments: a plea for reasonable medicine. PMID- 3238465 TI - Rabies in Malaysia. PMID- 3238466 TI - Epidemiology of human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in Bangkok, 1984-1986. AB - A study was conducted to determine the current situation of human rabies post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in Bangkok for the period 1984-1986. A review of all Bangkok residents receiving PEP at the Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute revealed an increasing incidence rate of PEP from 10.1 cases per 10,000 persons in 1984 to 12.6 cases per 10,000 persons in 1986. The highest incidence rate was observed in young males aged 5-14 years. About 68% of individuals receiving PEP had exposures to bites, especially by dogs, and nearly 30% of PEP cases were due to non-bite exposures. Dogs were responsible for 90% of PEP cases, of which 59% were exposed to stray dogs. Exposure to domestic dogs and cats constituted about 36% of PEP. Approximately 55% of persons received PEP for exposures to animal sources not proven rabid. To reduce the number of PEP, the programme should be directed towards the swift reduction of susceptible animals, which can be achieved by effective elimination of stray dogs and immunization of domestic dogs and cats. Massive health education to the public emphasizing the importance of prevention and control of rabies should be undertaken. The programme for control of rabies can be effective if there is an increased awareness and cooperation among professional people, health personnel, and other people in the community. PMID- 3238467 TI - Histological, biochemical and clinical findings in hepatitis B carriers undergoing elective abdominal surgery. AB - Prospective surveillance for serum Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) was performed in 255 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery at Ramathibodi Hospital during 1984-1987. HBsAg was detected in 13 patients (5.0%), 11 of whom gave consent for serial evaluation of liver histology and laboratory findings. There were eight males and three females aged 20-75 years (mean = 43.4 years). Nine of the eleven patients had wedge liver biopsies taken at operation and two patients had percutaneous biopsies performed. All patients were followed up at 3 6 month intervals and after 20-36 months, follow-up liver biopsies by the percutaneous route were performed in the nine cases who gave consent. The histological findings of initial and follow-up biopsies from these patients were all abnormal, ranging from reactive hepatitis to chronic active hepatitis. During the follow-up study, none of the patients lost their HBs antigenemia and orcein staining of liver biopsies for HBsAg was positive in all ten cases tested. In the nine cases who underwent follow-up liver biopsy, progression of liver pathology was found in seven, although none of these patients showed clinical deterioration or had significant rise in HBsAg titre or SGOT/SGPT levels. The mean age of the five cases who progressed to CAH (51.2 years) was higher than that of the remaining four cases (32.5 years) who had no or minor changes in liver histology, although the difference was not significant. Of the five cases with progression to CAH, four cases were more than 40 years old. None of the conventional clinical or laboratory parameters correlated with the progression of liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3238468 TI - Epidemiological assessment of anti-HIV 1 antibodies in Thailand. AB - Anti-HIV 1 antibodies were detected in 4 groups of subjects (peoples attending hospitals or medical clinics for anti-HIV investigation, blood donors, women in massage parlours and thalassemia patients) in the north, northeast and central Thailand. A total number of 1,726 blood samples were initially tested with ELISA. The ELISA reactive samples were confirmed by the Western blot analysis. Using ELISA as a screening test, the highest incidence (9.09%) of anti-HIV 1 antibodies was found in thalassemic children (4 of 44). Six (0.72%) and 4 (1.02%) samples in the first, second and third groups had a repeatedly reactive ELISA respectively. The Western blot analysis confirmed that 7 cases (3 thalassemia and 4 subjects in the first group) had antibodies to HIV 1. Two cases with reactive Western blot test were Westerners while the rest were symptomatic and asymptomatic Thais. The HIV infection has spread to thalassemia patients probably via blood transfusion. PMID- 3238469 TI - Unusual clinical manifestations of dengue virus infection. AB - Four recent cases of dengue fever with severe, unusual clinical manifestations are described. Two of these cases had features of fulminant hepatitis and encephalopathy; one of these cases was fatal. The two remaining cases showed hepatitis with renal impairment. The significance and importance of these unusual manifestations of dengue disease are discussed. PMID- 3238470 TI - A dot enzyme immunoassay for dengue 3 virus: comparison with the haemagglutination inhibition test. AB - A dot enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) was used to determine the levels of antibody to dengue 3 virus in the acute and convalescent sera of febrile patients with a clinical diagnosis of dengue fever or dengue haemorrhagic fever. The antibody titres were compared with titres determined by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The results of the study showed that, besides being more simple to perform, the DEIA is in order of magnitude more sensitive than the HI test. Furthermore, the data suggest that it is possible to use a single dilution as a cutoff point to predict with reasonable accuracy, if a patient has had a recent dengue infection. The DEIA test for antibodies to dengue virus is an appropriate technology highly suitable for rapid diagnosis and surveillance in developing countries. PMID- 3238471 TI - Excreted factors and membrane-associated carbohydrates of Indian leishmaniae. AB - Antigenic identity between the cell surface carbohydrate ligands and their excreted factor (EF) in all forms of Indian leishmaniasis were assessed by 11 carbohydrate-specific lectins. Our results demonstrated that 3 lectins, viz. PNA, SBA and WFA showed unique selectivity towards skin-dwelling parasites. The EFs of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) formed band against ConA at 1000, and 500 micrograms/ml concentration, respectively. RCA-120 at 3 mg/ml concentration was positive to both Leishmania tropica and L. major, whereas SBA was specific to L. tropica, L. major and PKDL strains at the same concentration. Antisera directed against the EFs (EF-As) induced agglutination to homologous promastigotes suspension. Cross-reactivity of agglutination was observed in different strains but highest was found among PKDL and CL strains. Although PKDL cases are normally found in patients with the history of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), surprisingly in this study, the surface saccharides of PKDL strains had close affinity to CL type instead of VL. PMID- 3238472 TI - Protective efficacy of plasma-derived hepatitis beta vaccine in preventing perinatal transmission of HBV infection in infants of HBsAg/HBeAg positive mothers. AB - Two hundred and four newborn infants of HBsAg/HBeAg carrier mothers were randomly assigned into three groups. Group A (69 infants) received full-dose HB vaccine, group B (70 infants) received half-dose HB vaccine at birth, 1 month, 3 months and group C (65 infants) were untreated control group. After twelve months follow up the cumulative incidence of HBs antigenemia was 17.2%, 30% in group A, B respectively as compared with 78.4% in group C (p less than 0.001). The protective efficacy rates (PER) of group A and B were 78.1% and 61.7% respectively (p less than 0.05). The vaccine was also effective in preventing persistent HBsAg carriers (HBsAg positive for at least 6 months). The PER of group A and B were at least 74.9% and 49.2% respectively (p less than 0.001) at 1 year follow-up. From the practical point of view and economic reasons administration of full-dose HB vaccine give better protection to high risk infants. PMID- 3238473 TI - Isolation of Salmonella typhi from standard whole-blood culture vs blood-clot cultures. AB - The use of 10% oxgall and bile broth medium, both supplemented with freshly prepared 100 u/ml streptokinase, for isolating Salmonella typhi by clot culture technique was evaluated and compared against whole blood culture systems (3 ml blood in 9 ml media and 8 ml blood in 72 ml media). These gave a 1:4 and 1:10 blood to medium ratio, respectively. Clot cultures in 10% oxgall (CLOX) gave a 57% positive isolation rate for S. typhi. A similar result was obtained from clot cultures in bile broth medium (CLBB). A total of 184 samples identified as positive for S. typhi were tested. There was no significant difference between the use of 10% oxgall or bile broth medium when used for clot culture. The whole blood culture systems still showed a significantly better rate of isolation than the clot culture methods. PMID- 3238474 TI - Variation in the hemolytic activity of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola. AB - Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton was grown to a high cell density in a protein-free medium with hemin. The hemolysin produced in this culture system showed a greatly expanded spectrum of hemolysis as compared to previous reports of leptospiral hemolysin produced in a more traditional culture system containing serum. PMID- 3238475 TI - Opisthorchis viverrini eggs and adult flukes as nidus and composition of gallstones. AB - Three cases of opisthorchiasis with calculous cholecystitis was presented. The diagnosis of gallstones was made before praziquantel therapy in 2 cases, and 4 years after treatment in one case. The patients underwent cholecystectomy. Numerous O. viverrini eggs and one dead fluke were found in the bile in one case. A single stone was recovered from each gallbladder. All stones contained O. viverrini eggs. Fragments of flukes were also present in two cases. The stones consisted of a mixture of bilirubin pigment and calcium salts. PMID- 3238476 TI - Acute systemic melioidosis: an autopsy study of six cases. AB - Autopsy findings of six cases of the acute systemic melioidosis from Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand during the years 1977 to 1986 are presented. Five out of six cases had some underlying conditions. Multiple abscesses and multiple organs involvement were the rule. The organs most commonly involved were lung and liver. Three patients had pericardial and one had adrenal gland involvement. Other significant pathological findings were fibrin thrombi (5/6 cases), haemorrhage (6/6 cases), tissue necrosis (4/6 cases) and granular casts in renal tubules (1/6 case). Abscess alone cannot explain the death of patients. Toxaemia, both exotoxins and endotoxin, is the most likely explanation from the death of patients. PMID- 3238477 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the early third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum. AB - Scanning electron microscopic observations were made on the early third stage (eL3) larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum (Sakolnakhon, northeast Thailand) from 3 week-old infected cyclops (Mesocyclops leuckarti). The morphological surfaces of the anterior end, head spine, body cuticle, amphid, papillae, posterior end of larvae were described and compared with the advance third-stage (aL3) larvae. PMID- 3238478 TI - Kinetics of lymphocyte subpopulations in dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. AB - A kinetic study of lymphocyte subpopulations was performed in 61 dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) patients aged 8 months to 12 years and in 59 age-matched normal controls. There were 36 patients in grade 2 and 25 patients in grade 3 of the disease severity. The studies were performed on febrile stage, the day of subsidence of fever or shock stage, 3 subsequent days after subsidence of fever or shock, and once on the recovery stage (approximately 14-18 days after subsidence of fever or shock). The study revealed that the absolute total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and HNK-1+ cells were decreased on febrile stage and their lowest values were noted on the first day of subsidence of fever or shock, while B1+ cells were in the normal range. Thereafter, all lymphocyte subpopulations were increased. The total lymphocytes, B1+ and CD8+ cells were rapidly increased and were above normal value on day 2 after subsidence of fever or shock (early convalescence), then gradually declined to the normal range. In contrast, CD3+, CD4+ and HNK-1+ cells were increased gradually and reached their normal values on day 2 after subsidence of fever or shock. The T4:T8 ratio began to reverse on the day of subsidence of fever or shock, reached its peak on day 2 after shock and returned to normal ratio rapidly thereafter. Thus, the absolute lymphopenia on the day of shock was due to the decrement or T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+ cells) and HNK-1+ cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3238479 TI - Distribution and chromosomal polymorphism of the malaria vector Anopheles dirus species D. AB - Preliminary results indicate that species D of the Anopheles dirus complex is widespread west of the Thai-Burma border in Burma and Bangladesh. A chromosomal study of An. dirus species D in these areas has revealed that this malaria vector is highly polymorphic for chromosomal rearrangements in salivary gland polytene chromosomes. The data from the limited number of wild-caught samples suggest that different geographically isolated populations may occur with respect to the frequency of inversions 2La, 3Ra and 3La. The distribution of chromosomal polymorphisms may be associated with the geography and epidemiology of human malaria in this region. PMID- 3238481 TI - Genetic variation in the malaria mosquito vector Anopheles maculatus from Peninsular Malaysia. AB - Starch-gel electrophoretic studies on nine gene-enzyme systems comprising 14 loci revealed a fair level of genetic variation in two population samples of Anopheles maculatus from Peninsular Malaysia. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.36 for the Fort Bertau sample and 0.29 for the Gua Musang sample, while the mean heterozygosity value was 0.09 for Fort Bertau and 0.07 for Gua Musang. The values of genetic similarity (I = 0.98) and genetic distance (D = 0.02) were of the rank of geographical populations. PMID- 3238480 TI - Population cytogenetics of the malaria vector Anopheles leucosphyrus group. AB - Until recently, very little was known of Anopheles species complexes and their relationships to epidemiology and malaria transmission in Southeast Asia. During the past eight years, extensive studies on the genetics of natural populations of anopheline mosquitoes in this region, involving the interdisciplinary efforts of taxonomists, operational entomologists and biologists, have revealed groups of cryptic species of Anopheles vectors, particularly the An. leucos phyrus group. This species group comprise seventeen species and two subspecies widely distributed in the forested areas of Southeast Asia. Among these species. An. dirus Peyton and Harrison, has been shown by cytogenetic and morphological studies to be a complex of at least seven isomorphic species, provisionally designated species A, B, C, D, E, F and takasagoensis, on the Southeast Asian mainland. Cytological identification of these species is based on distinct banding patterns of salivary gland polytene chromosomes as well as heterochromatin differences in mitotic karyotypes. The five species found in Thailand (A-D, F) exhibit distinct geographic distributions. Species A is widespread throughout Thailand except in the south. Species B had been found in sympatry with species C in southern Thailand and both seem to show north-south clinal geographic variation. Species D is common on the west side of southern Thailand and along the Thai-Burmese border in sympatry with species A. Species F, An. nemophilous Peyton and Ramalingam, has been found in a population at the Thai Malaysian border in this study although it was known to be common in southern and western Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Species E is known only from western India. The five species found in Thailand also exhibit seasonal variation in relative abundance and different nocturnal biting cycles. Chromosomal polymorphisms have been observed in mitotic and polytene chromosomes of An. dirus A and D. Species B and C also show heterochromatin variation in the sex chromosomes, but are monomorphic for the standard sequence in polytene chromosomes. These biological characteristics of the An. dirus complex may have implications for understanding the epidemiology of malaria in Southeast Asia. Recent cytogenetic studies of wild-caught samples of An. leucosphyrus from Sumatra, Kalimantan and southern Thailand have revealed the presence of two distinct species within this taxon. Species A is widely distributed in southern Thailand, East Malaysia and Kalimantan, while species B is confined to Sumatra. The two isomorphic species are vectors of human malaria within their range of distribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3238482 TI - Enzyme polymorphism of the malaria vector, An. balabacensis (Diptera: Culicidae) revisited--why sample natural populations? AB - Two separate observations from recent electrophoretic studies of the systematics and population genetics of laboratory-reared populations which had a long history of colonization in various laboratories, were found to be inconsistent with the present study which used wild-caught populations from East Malaysia. Reanalysis of the two data sets generally indicated a low amount of genetic variation in laboratory colonies. The latter is characterized by higher frequency of monomorphic loci, low average heterozygosity values and, in one extreme case, no variability at two loci. However, natural populations of An. balabacensis and An. leucosphyrus showed more protein variability by the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since laboratory-maintained mosquitoes are genetically and phenotypically different from those in the field, results of laboratory studies on the systematics and population genetics of Anopheles species complexes may be biased. PMID- 3238483 TI - Diagnostic restriction fragment patterns of DNA from the four isomorphic species of Anopheles dirus. AB - Total DNA from isofemale lines of the four isomorphic species of the Anopheles dirus were screened against twenty restriction endonucleases. Seven enzymes (Ava II, Alu I, Bgl II, Hae III, Hinf I, Mbo I and Sau3A I) produced some unique DNA fragments for each of the lines. Seven other enzymes (BamH I, BstN I, Cfo I, EcoR I, Kpn I, Nru I and Pst I) produced unique fragments in two of the lines. The remaining six enzymes (Hha I, Mnl I, Msp I, Nae I, Rsa I and Taq I) gave vague patterns which might result from either biological or technical causes. The results demonstrated that restriction fragment length of the DNA could be used as a means to distinguish isomorphic species of the Anopheles dirus. PMID- 3238484 TI - The malaria situation in the Philippines with special reference to mosquito vectors. PMID- 3238485 TI - Anopheles malaria vector and control measures applied in Indonesia. PMID- 3238487 TI - Field studies of the bionomics of Anopheles maculatus and its role in malaria transmission in Malaysia. PMID- 3238486 TI - Population genetic studies on the Anopheles minimus complex in Thailand. AB - The population genetic studies on the Anopheles minimus complex revealed that An. minimus is a species complex evident by IK value were less than 0.0534 and 0.4163 for the morphotaxonomy and isozyme studies. There are two sibling species in the An. minimus species complex. The first is the typical minimus and its variations described by Harrison. Esterase-2 alleles 100 and 102 are predominant with a few other alleles of 96 and 104. It is exophagic and zoophilic. It is widely distributed in all provinces where minimus breeds. The second of the two sibling species is An. minimus species C, with 2 pale spots on the humeral dark band and Est-2 allele 98. It is found most frequently in Pu Toei District of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. An. minimus probably species B showing M1 + 2 wing vein entirely dark is found in China. PMID- 3238488 TI - [Quality of health care in regions with low population density]. PMID- 3238489 TI - [Organization of the activities of outpatient clinics for referral and diagnostic services]. PMID- 3238491 TI - [A method of questionnaire survey of parents in evaluating the risk of development of congenital heart defects in children]. PMID- 3238492 TI - [Ways of improving sanitary and epidemiologic services]. PMID- 3238490 TI - [Significance of the socio-psychological climate of workers' teams]. PMID- 3238493 TI - [New forms of medical services for the population]. PMID- 3238494 TI - [Status and prospects of mass screening of the population in the Democratic Republic of Germany]. PMID- 3238495 TI - [Problems of the development of paid medical services for the population]. PMID- 3238496 TI - [The radicular syndrome in spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 3238497 TI - [Exercise therapy of osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral portion of the spine]. PMID- 3238498 TI - [Open and closed intramedullary osteosynthesis]. PMID- 3238499 TI - [Quantum hemoantibiotic therapy of recurrent erysipelas]. PMID- 3238500 TI - [A combination of acute myocardial infarct with early ventricular repolarization syndrome]. PMID- 3238501 TI - [Immune status in allergic and pseudoallergic urticaria]. PMID- 3238502 TI - [A combination of sarcoma of the breast and cancer of the female genital organs]. PMID- 3238503 TI - [Functional state of the liver in patients recovering from acute viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 3238504 TI - [Immunologic disorders in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3238505 TI - [Therapeutic plasmolymphocytapheresis in autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 3238506 TI - [The contractile function of the myocardium in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3238507 TI - [Temporary disability and ambulatory care of collective farm members with diseases of the nervous system]. PMID- 3238508 TI - [Analysis of indices of morbidity in cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 3238509 TI - [Optimization of pharmacotherapy as a factor in lowering the costs of treatment]. PMID- 3238510 TI - [The course of ischemic heart disease as affected by continuous electric stimulation of the heart]. PMID- 3238511 TI - [Use of ethacizine and lidocaine to prevent ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3238512 TI - [The sinus node dysfunction syndrome in the paroxysmal form of cardiac fibrillation]. PMID- 3238513 TI - [Pathologic serum albumin in myocardial lesions of various origins]. PMID- 3238514 TI - [Unstable hypertension and cervical osteochondrosis]. PMID- 3238516 TI - [The effect of alpha-tocopherol on changes in external respiration and pulmonary hemodynamics caused by tuberculin]. PMID- 3238515 TI - [Prognosis of the length of remission following conservative treatment of atherosclerotic occlusions of the main arteries of the extremities]. PMID- 3238517 TI - [Intrapulmonary leiomyomatosis in interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 3238518 TI - [Surgical treatment of stage 1 adenocarcinoma of the lung (T1N0M0)]. PMID- 3238519 TI - [Treatment of the drug-induced dyspeptic syndrome]. PMID- 3238521 TI - [Use of psychotropic drugs, psychotherapy and acupressure in the complex treatment of intestinal dyskinesias]. PMID- 3238520 TI - [Gastroscopy in the morphologic verification of cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 3238522 TI - [Cancer of the colon (based on material from the Moscow Municipal Oncologic Dispensary)]. PMID- 3238523 TI - [The kallikrein-kinin system of the blood plasma in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3238524 TI - [Rupture of cerebral arterial aneurysms]. PMID- 3238525 TI - [Errors in providing aid to patients with injuries of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 3238526 TI - [Peritonitis in diseases of the colon]. PMID- 3238527 TI - [Dyscirculatory encephalopathy]. PMID- 3238528 TI - [Requirements for the primary health care paradigm in the dawn of the 21st century]. PMID- 3238529 TI - [The overlap of the demand on the National Health System of Mexico: limitations on the interinstitutional integration]. PMID- 3238530 TI - [The National Seroepidemiological Survey. I. Conceptual design and methodology]. PMID- 3238531 TI - [The National Seroepidemiological Survey. II. Operational design]. PMID- 3238533 TI - [Requests for the submission of manuscripts to biomedical reviews. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors]. PMID- 3238532 TI - [Technological development in the context of the National Health Program]. PMID- 3238535 TI - [Blood dyscrasias caused by NSAIDs]. PMID- 3238534 TI - [The International System of Units]. PMID- 3238536 TI - [Tuberculosis in the diagnosis and treatment of collagen disease]. PMID- 3238537 TI - [A case of temporal arteritis with polyneuropathy, posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION), and enhanced platelet adhesion and aggregation]. PMID- 3238538 TI - [A case of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) complicating pulmonary hypertension and portal hypertension]. PMID- 3238539 TI - [Double-blind evaluation of SR-318, a sustained release preparation of diclofenac sodium, on rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3238540 TI - [Diagnostic aspects of primary vesico-ureteral reflux in adults]. PMID- 3238541 TI - [Retinoids in recurrence of superficial bladder tumors]. PMID- 3238542 TI - [Ureteral ectopia in cysts of the seminal vesicle and renal agenesis. Description of a case]. PMID- 3238543 TI - [Stents in current urologic practice. Critical review]. PMID- 3238544 TI - [Current status of hypertension. Italian Society of Nephrology, Piedmontese Section. 5th regional meeting. Biella, 21 November 1987. Proceedings]. PMID- 3238545 TI - [Role of the control of the arterial pressure in the progression of renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3238546 TI - [Nephroangiosclerosis as a cause of uremia]. PMID- 3238547 TI - [Arterial hypertension in patients under dialysis. Epidemiologic study on a dialyzed population in Piedmont]. PMID- 3238548 TI - [Hypertension and CAPD]. PMID- 3238550 TI - Impact of biliary tract endoscopy on benign and malignant diseases. AB - In the last 15 years, the management of patients affected with obstructive jaundice has been greatly improved by the introduction into clinical practice of diagnostic and therapeutic biliary tract endoscopy. This method has provided better knowledge of the pathophysiology of diseases of the common bile duct (CBD), with enormous benefit for surgical decision making. Moreover, it has reduced morbidity and mortality in emergency patients as well as in high-risk patients with CBD stones. Even the incidence of retained stones has been reduced to almost 1%-2%. The impact of endoscopy on diseases of the biliary tract has been tremendous. PMID- 3238549 TI - Manometric evaluation of esophageal motility in patients submitted to prophylactic variceal sclerosis. AB - Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices is an effective hemostatic treatment and may also prevent bleeding. In our study, we examined the effects of prophylactic sclerotherapy on esophageal motility in 15 patients with Child's A cirrhosis of the liver. All the patients underwent three manometric measurements, performed respectively before the sclerotherapy, 1 week after the eradication of varices, and 3 months later. The results of our study show that prophylactic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices does not significantly change the resting pressure and length of the lower esophageal sphincter. Neither the amplitude nor the duration of the postswallowing esophageal peristaltic waves is significantly influenced by sclerotherapy. However, sclerotherapy produces a significant increase in tertiary contractions in the distal esophagus, which could explain the onset of dysphagia among patients in whom postsclerotherapy stricture is not evident. PMID- 3238551 TI - How can cholangioscopy improve the management of intrahepatic stones? AB - Experience with endoscopic treatment of intrahepatic stones in 93 cases encountered over 13 years starting in 1974 was analyzed and the usefulness of the procedure is discussed in this paper. Postoperative cholangioscopy and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy are easy, safe and reliable procedures because they can be carried out under both fluoroscopic and direct visual control. They can be safely and repeatedly carried out if the sinus tract is kept open. Preoperative percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy is an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic stones, because it provides the important information necessary for selection of an appropriate therapeutic procedure. Different stone extraction techniques can be accurately carried out with endoscopic guidance, and stones that are visible are readily removable. A good prognosis can be expected when stones are completely extracted. With this approach, the author believes that the results of treatment for intrahepatic stones will be significantly improved. PMID- 3238552 TI - The impact of electronic imaging in intraoperative biliary endoscopy (choledochoscopy). AB - In the last decade, choledochoscopy has become an essential tool for biliary surgery. It is widely accepted, but it is not employed by every surgeon who performs choledocholithotomies. The reason is the limited experience of surgeons performing 30-40 cholecystectomies per year. A survey of 150 hospitals clearly showed that common bile duct exploration is performed in 10%-15% of these cases. General surgeons are not endoscopists. A new video choledochoscope that displays the image in a large format via the TV monitor was developed, which can be viewed with both eyes and an assistant's help; this expedites and coordinates the procedure. The entire process is videotaped and can be used for further analysis and during consultation. It has become the method of choice for teaching. Most importantly, the learning curve of general surgeons has become significantly shorter. The procedure is taught and the surgeon can learn it easily. Its use will contribute to a decrease in the incidence of retained stones and will improve patient care. PMID- 3238553 TI - Intraoperative endoscopy of the biliary tract. AB - This is a prospective series of 328 operations for biliary stone disease in 326 consecutive patients. The overall operative mortality was 0.6%. Routine operative cholangiography was utilized during cholecystectomy, and this identified 19 patients (5.9%) with silent common bile duct stones. Common bile duct explorations were positive in 62 of 74 operations (83.8%). Biliary endoscopy was routinely performed during bile duct exploration. Unsuspected retained common duct stones were discovered postoperatively in 4.5% of these patients. Biliary endoscopy proved essential in the management of 18 patients with radiographically demonstrated distal bile duct obstruction. With patency confirmed by endoscopy, inappropriate duodenotomy and sphincter ablation were avoided in each of these 18 patients. PMID- 3238554 TI - Endoscopic management of postoperative biliary fistula. AB - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) was performed in two patients with persistent bile fistulae after cholecystectomy. Contrast leakage was demonstrated in a leaking cystic duct stump and an aberrant intrahepatic duct. Endoscopic insertion of nasobiliary catheters led to rapid drainage and healing of the biliary fistulae. PMID- 3238555 TI - Internal cross-piece recovery after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. AB - To retrieve the internal cross-piece during removal of a Ponsky-Gauderer PEG, we have sutured the cross-piece to the end of the gastrostomy catheter prior to its insertion endoscopically. As the tube is withdrawn, the internal cross-piece slides off the catheter and remains in the stomach. The cross-piece is then removed by pulling on the suture connecting it to the gastrostomy tube. This simple and safe modification eliminates any risk of gastrointestinal obstruction secondary to a retained cross-piece. PMID- 3238556 TI - Colonoscopic appendicography. A new method for the differential diagnosis of pain in the right lower quadrant. AB - Colonoscopic appendicography is a simple diagnostic measure for surveying the position and anatomical qualities of the appendix. It is complementary to ileocolonoscopy and allows a decision to be made as to whether right lower abdominal pain is due to appendicular disease or not. PMID- 3238557 TI - [Clinical significance of the markers of HB viral infection in hepatitis B in patients of various age groups]. AB - The paper is concerned with some data on the detection of markers of HBV infection (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc of IgM class) in 277 HB patients of different age groups using highly sensitive methods based on Soviet assays. A clinical course of HB in patients of different age groups was correlated with the regularities of the detection of markers of HBV infection. The diagnostic and prognostic importance of HBV antigens and antibodies to them was shown in patients of different age groups. PMID- 3238558 TI - [Immunoreactivity in acute bronchitis]. AB - In 20 patients with acute bronchitis (AB) the results of the investigations of cellular and humoral immunity and the phagocytic system were compared with a clinical and bronchoscopic picture of disease. The acute period of disease was characterized by considerable activation of the majority of immunoreactivity indices. Complete normalization of the immune status and clinical findings was observed only 3-4 mos after recovery. PMID- 3238559 TI - [Microcirculatory function in variants of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 3238560 TI - [Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy at the Dorn'e NM-3 unit. Experience in organizing the delivery of a new type of medical care]. PMID- 3238561 TI - [Disordered permeability of the glomerular filter for middle- and high-molecular serum proteins in various morphologic types and stages of chronic glomerulonephritis]. AB - Investigation of glomerular filter permeability for serum immunoglobulins and albumins in 83 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) with nephrotic proteinuria has shown that in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis permeability for IgM is rare, for IgA and IgG moderately raised; in a marked but not maximum degree of permeability for albumins, it is characterized by considerable variability. In maximum permeability for albumins there is a tendency to the reduction of the ratio of IgA and IgM clearances to albumin clearance, and variability of these indices. In membranous CGN the structure of nephron permeability for serum proteins is identical but it remains unchanged with a sharp rise of albumin fractional clearance. In mesangiocapillary CGN permeability for IgM is more frequent and enhanced for IgG. in focal-segmental glomerular hyalinosis/sclerosis and diffuse-fibroplastic GN permeability for IgG is considerably raised unrelated to a degree of permeability for albumins. Sclerotic changes are accompanied by elevated permeability for IgG. PMID- 3238562 TI - [Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. AB - Retrospective analysis of 23 cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) was presented. Clinical findings, peripheral blood and bone marrow indices, ultrastructural, cytochemical, biochemical (the level of serum and urine lysozyme), cytogenetic investigations as well as the type of leukemic cell growth in culture (monolayer) were considered. Proceeding from the above analysis, the authors found it appropriate to attribute CMML to myelodysplasia. PMID- 3238563 TI - [Food poisoning and hypertensive crises]. PMID- 3238564 TI - [Microcirculatory function in viral hepatitis A and B]. AB - Microcirculation was studied over time in 51 patients with acute viral hepatitides types A and B using bulbar microphotographic vasography. The results were compared with some immunological indices (the blood level of circulating immune complexes, the platelet aggregation test). The expression of microcirculatory changes correlated both with a type of virus hepatitis and the severity of disease. The relationship of disorders in the system of microcirculation with immune factors, in particular with immunopathological reactions developing during HBV infections, was discussed. PMID- 3238565 TI - [A case of an unusual course of catecholamine crisis in a female patient with a pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 3238567 TI - [The generalized form of yersiniosis in a patient with transmural myocardial infarct and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3238566 TI - [A vascular syndrome as a paraneoplastic reaction]. PMID- 3238568 TI - [A case of the pulmonary form of melioidosis with a favorable outcome]. PMID- 3238569 TI - [Clinical education--the basis for the training of future physicians]. PMID- 3238570 TI - [Intracellular metabolism and phagocytic activity of neutrophilic leukocytes in patients with viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 3238571 TI - [Characteristics of chronic liver diseases with the presence of serum markers of the hepatitis B virus]. AB - Different patterns of serum HBV markers (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb) were identified in 82 patients (12 with chronic active hepatitis, 67 with hepato cirrhosis developing in the outcome of chronic active hepatitis, and in 3 with primary biliary cirrhosis) of 105 (78%) patients with chronic liver diseases. Besides, IgM HBcAb were identified in 9 of 47 patients (19.1%), HBsAg IgM in 4 of 9 patients (44.4%), antibodies to the delta-agent in 8 of 23 (34.8%) suffering from chronic liver diseases with the presence of serum HBV markers. Chronic liver diseases with the presence of HBsAg and/or other serum HBV markers were characterized by a variety of clinico-laboratory manifestations determined by the involvement of some organs and systems in a process. A degree of activity of chronic liver diseases was not correlated with a replication phase, an integration phase, and an immunological resolution phase in 49 patients with identified phases of development of HBV-infection. More frequent identification of serum HBV markers including those of a replication phase was not noticed among patients on prolonged immunosuppressant therapy. PMID- 3238573 TI - [The causes influencing the varying efficacy of glucocorticosteroids in severe forms of viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 3238572 TI - [Use of interferon inducers and reaferon in the combined therapy of acute viral hepatitis B]. AB - The therapeutic effectiveness of interferon inducers (prodigiozan and ibuprofen), the Soviet drug reaferon and their combined use in acute viral hepatitis type B was studied. Indications for their use resulted from lowered capacity of the body for interferonogenesis at the height of the disease. The above drugs stimulated cellular immunity, promoted more rapid disappearance of clinical symptoms of disease, and reduced the period of hospital treatment. A more marked therapeutic effect was noted in combined administration of reaferon and ibuprofen. PMID- 3238574 TI - [The relation of the acetylation phenotype to the predisposition to typhoid fever and its clinical course]. AB - Altogether 33 typhoid fever convalescents and 36 contacts of a control group were examined during an epidemic outbreak. In one year 17 former patients and 65 controls (persons who had been at the center of the outbreak but contracted no disease) were examined. Norsulfazole was used as a model agent to study an acetylation phenotype. Unimodal distribution of a degree of norsulfazole distribution was noted in the convalescents, bimodal distribution in the controls and patients examined in one year. Persons with a rapid type of acetylation were more predisposed to typhoid fever, and intoxication in them was more noticeable. PMID- 3238575 TI - [Cardiovascular function in Coxsackie disease in adults]. AB - A total of 22 adult patients suffering from Coxsackie's disease with the syndrome of acute respiratory infection were investigated; 10 of them had CHD. CVS changes were revealed almost in half of the patients; they were more marked and persistent in the CHD patients. ECG monitoring of the CVS state in the acute period of the disease and at the stage of convalescence was recommended. PMID- 3238576 TI - [Characteristics of viral hepatitis A and B in adolescents with thyroid pathology]. AB - The combination of viral hepatitis (VH) with thyroid pathology in adolescents leads to an unfavorable course of VH and thyroid disease. The frequency of severe and lingering types of VH with more profound and prolonged shifts of indices of the T- and B-systems of immunity, function of the liver and protein metabolism is increased. Function of the thyroid is sharply suppressed, its euthyroid hyperplasia is often transformed into clinically obvious hypothyroidism. PMID- 3238577 TI - [Enzyme diagnosis of cardiac lesions in meningococcal infection]. PMID- 3238578 TI - [Suppurative meningitis in adults due to rare species of the causative agent]. AB - Altogether 20 patients with purulent meningitis caused by agents of rare species were observed. Difficulties in etiological diagnosis and the severity of a clinical course were noted. In most cases this disease developed in persons with associated diseases. In a lingering course of the disease repeated bacteriological investigations of blood and liquor, and serological investigations are recommended. PMID- 3238579 TI - [Autoimmune processes during the protracted course of human yersiniosis]. AB - Altogether 187 blood sera from 87 patients with acute yersiniosis, 149 from 50 patients with a lingering course of yersiniosis, and 40 sera from healthy persons were investigated for the presence of antibodies to cells of interstitial myocardial tissue, fibroblasts of human embryonic articular fibrous tissue, nuclei and fibroblasts of human skin in pure culture by indirect immunofluorescence. Antibodies to the above structures were more frequently found in the blood sera of the patients with a lingering course of yersiniosis (p less than 0.001). In most cases antibodies belonged to IgG or IgG and IgM. Periods of exacerbation of an inflammatory process were combined with increased titers of antibodies to tissue components suggesting the pathogenetic importance of antibodies in the formation of a lingering course of yersiniosis. PMID- 3238580 TI - [Indices of endocrine activities of the digestive organs in patients with dysentery]. AB - Some indices of pancreatic endocrine function were studied over time in patients with acute dysentery. The plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and gastrin were determined by a radioimmunoassay. 35 patients and 30 healthy controls were examined. Clinical signs of the affection of the pancreas in the patients were undetectable. However, significant reduction of the level of C peptide in the acute period of disease as compared to the normal level, an increase in the level of insulin during early convalescence, and the reduction of gastrin concentration during the entire period of disease were noted. These indices are indicative of disorder of pancreatic endocrine function in patients with acute dysentery. PMID- 3238581 TI - [Colitic variant of the gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis]. AB - Of 3327 hospitalized patients with salmonellosis, a clinical picture of isolated distal colitis was noted in 142 (4.3%). Acute dysentery was diagnosed in them before the results of bacteriological stool examination were ready. In this variant of salmonellosis S. enteritidis and S. haifa were detected twice as more frequently than in the other variants. As compared to dysentery, the colitic variant of salmonellosis was characterized by more marked intoxication syndrome whereas stomach pains were less spasmodic, less frequently localized in the sigmoid colon; important symptoms for differential diagnosis like tenesmus, false rectal tenesmus, pains and spasms of the sigmoid colon were less frequently noted. Therefore this type of salmonellosis should be included in the clinical classification of salmonellosis of adults on the basis of an obvious clinical picture. PMID- 3238582 TI - [Are cardiac glycosides advisable in the treatment of food poisoning]. AB - Rheopolycardiological investigation of 76 patients with food toxinfections (FTI) showed that phasic changes of systolic indices in these diseases developed as a result of extracardiac hemodynamic disorders and were of adaptive nature. Strophanthin administration to 20 similar patients at the height of disease brought about no statistically significant changes in systolic indices. It was concluded that the use of cardiac glycosides was inappropriate for the treatment of FTI. PMID- 3238583 TI - [Dynamics of the plasma fibronectin level in patients with food poisoning]. AB - A study was made of the influence of the level and biological activity of plasma fibronectin of phagocytosis and opsonic activity of blood plasma in 147 patients with food toxinfections depending on a period and degree of severity of a course of disease. Plasma fibronectin concentration was determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Fibronectin biological activity was assessed by cold heparin precipitation. Opsonic activity of blood plasma before and after fibronectin inactivation in it was investigated using indices of phagocytosis which was studied by optical microscopy. Food toxinfections were attended by a decrease in the level and biological activity of plasma fibronectin returning to normal during therapy and convalescence. A degree of the reduction of the level of plasma fibronectin reflected the severity of a course of food toxinfections. Phagocytic insufficiency developed in food toxinfections. One of its mechanisms was a decrease in opsonic activity of plasma fibronectin as a result of the reduction of its level. PMID- 3238584 TI - [Lipid metabolic indices in patients with the gastrointestinal form of food poisoning]. AB - The serum concentration of some substances of lipid nature was studied in 103 patients with food toxinfections with relation to the severity of a course and period of the disease. The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, diglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and phospholipids were determined using thin layer chromatography. A mild course of the disease was characterized by a slight rise of lipid concentration. Moderately severe courses were characterized by hyperlipidemia with an increase in the level of NEFA, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylcholine. Patients with a severe course demonstrated a decrease in the concentration of most lipid fractions with an increase in the amount of LPC and NEFA. All disorders were observed on the 1st-2nd day of the disease and disappeared against a background of routine rehydration therapy by the 5th-7th day of disease, in patients with a severe course of the disease by the 10th day. PMID- 3238586 TI - [Clinico-laboratory and morphologic characteristics of the tropical splenomegaly syndrome]. AB - A follow-up of 142 patients with the syndrome of tropical splenomegaly in Mulago Hospital in Uganda made it possible to study a clinical course, the informative value of hematological, some biochemical and immunological indices, morphological changes of liver biopsy specimens in this syndrome. Over a 10-year period 9020 autopsy records were studied for comparative assessment of a histological picture and causes of death in Mulago Hospital. The syndrome of tropical splenomegaly was diagnosed in 88 (0.98%) of them. The main diagnostic criteria were proposed for this pathology. This pathology should be denoted as the syndrome of tropical splenohepatomegaly. PMID- 3238585 TI - [The level of fecal excretion of free amino acids and lipids in children with acute intestinal infections]. AB - The level of excretion of free amino acids and lipids in the stool was determined in children of young age with a severe course of acute intestinal infections (dysentery, salmonellosis, acute gastroenteritis and gastroenterocolitis of unknown etiology). The study has shown that excretion of free amino acids in the stool at the height of the disease considerably exceeds that in healthy children. Normalization of these disorders during convalescence is much behind clinical convalescence. PMID- 3238587 TI - [Leukinferon for injections in the treatment of legionellosis]. PMID- 3238588 TI - [Humidifier fever]. AB - Pollution of air ventilation and conditioning systems by microorganisms and products of their activity can lead to the development of infectious (legionnaires' disease) and allergic (humidifier fever) diseases. Clinical, immunological and hygienic investigations under natural conditions of 72 persons working in offices helped to study a respiratory disease which was similar to humidifier fever. The removal of dust and mud from the system and thorough cleaning of all conditioned rooms put an end to this disease. PMID- 3238589 TI - [Etiologic structure of exacerbations in chronic bronchitis]. AB - The etiological appearance of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis was investigated in 117 patients. A combined study was aimed at the detection of viral, mycoplasmal, fungal and bacterial endobronchial infections. The etiological role of the latter was verified by a pathogen isolated from the sputum. Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis was determined by bacterial (79%) and/or viral (55%) infections, mostly by pneumococcal infection (45%), H. influenzae (30%), and influenza (31%). The role of pyogenic cocci was minimal (2%). Exacerbation of chronic purulent endobronchitis was more frequently caused by H. influenzae than in catarrhal bronchitis. In 9% of the patients the infectious etiology of an inflammatory bronchial process could not be established. PMID- 3238590 TI - [Interrelations of genetic markers (HLA antigens and haptoglobin variants) and the course of fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. AB - Altogether 72 patients with different variants of a course of fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis were investigated for the presence of HLA antigens and Hp phenotypes. It was shown that an increase in the frequency of antigen DR2 and Hp 2-2 could be used as a prognostic prerequisite in the assessment of a course of disease. PMID- 3238591 TI - Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects. AB - The epidemiologic approach to determining the etiology of disease involves identification of potential risk factors and then comparison of disease incidence among people with varying levels of exposure to the potential risk factors. This paper defines risk factors which correspond to different levels of genetic and environmental proximity to index cases of birth defects. Genetic proximity is estimated by the coefficient of relationship (R): 0.5 for siblings and dizygotic twins and 1.0 for monozygotic twins. Environmental proximity is measured by a combination of two variables: one variable for those potentially preventable risk factors common to siblings (S) and another for those common only to twins (T). Discordance in identical twins is attributed to a third type of environmental factors (U) that are unshared by twins and include random (stochastic) factors. The association between these risk factors and birth defects is estimated by using a linear model of the correlation of liability for different relatives. The coefficients derived from the model reflect the relative importance of genetic and different types of environmental risk factors as causes for the defects and can be used to identify birth defects most likely to be caused by measurable and possibly preventable risk factors. These defects could then be assigned high priority for future studies and preventive efforts. PMID- 3238592 TI - Retinoic acid induction of featherlike structures from reticulate scales. AB - Retinoic acid-induced transformation of reticulate scales to feather-like structures (Dhouailly and Hardy, '78) provides a useful model to study biochemical differentiation in avian skin. In this study, immunofluorescent analysis of reticulate scale-feathers (RSFs) indicates that they contain beta keratin in feather barbs and, thus, are true feathers, biochemically. Epidermal cells that would otherwise produce only alpha keratin in reticulate scales are induced to reorganize and differentiate into barb ridge cells that accumulate feather beta keratins. The mechanism for these dramatic morphological and biosynthetic responses to retinoic acid is unknown. PMID- 3238593 TI - Embryonic catch-up growth after exposure to the ketone body D,L,-beta hydroxybutyrate in vitro. AB - The capability of rodent embryos to recover in growth and development subsequent to exposure to an insult was investigated employing whole embryo culture. Early somite stage mouse embryos were exposed to 32 mM D,L,-beta-hydroxybutyrate (D,L, beta OHB) for 24 hr (Period I), and were then transferred and maintained in control medium for an additional 36 hr maximum (Period II). Growth of this recovery group (Group B) was monitored at various time points of Period II and the results were compared with an unexposed control group (Group A) and another continuously-exposed reference group (Group C). At the end of Period I, 100% of D,L,-beta OHB-exposed embryos exhibited neural tube closure defects and were growth retarded. At 36 hr of Period II, cranial and caudal neural tube defects of Group B embryos were reduced to 3-7% and 0%, respectively. These embryos also demonstrated an excess in growth velocity during recovery so that at the end of Period II, total protein content was comparable to control values. In contrast, Group C embryos remained growth retarded and showed a significant increase in cranial and caudal neural tube defects (20 and 75%, respectively). Thus, neurulating mouse embryos were capable of catch-up growth following an embryotoxic exposure to D,L,-beta OHB. The progression of development of total protein values and morphological features such as elimination of neural tube defects was intimately related to the amount of time allowed for recovery. Moreover, an elevation of growth rate over normality, which is characteristic of catch-up growth, was observed. PMID- 3238594 TI - Effects of temporary cooling, and of different explantation and storage conditions, on the subsequent development of post-implantation rat embryos in vitro. AB - Rat embryos explanted at head fold stage were stored under various levels of hypothermia prior to culture. The storage media were Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (BSS), 50% rat serum with 50% Dulbecco's Modification of Eagle's Medium (standard medium), or 100% rat serum. The media were gassed with 5% O2/5% CO2/90% N2 or 20% O2/5% CO2/75% N2. Subsequent development of embryos after storage at temperatures between 10 degrees C and 30 degrees C for 5 hr in Hanks' BSS, or for 5-10 hr in standard medium or serum, was similar to that of controls. Some embryos developed well even after storage for 48 hr in standard medium. Development was poorer after storage at 0 degrees C or 5 degrees C, and after storage at all temperatures in ungassed Hanks' or standard medium (pH greater than 8.0). Differences in oxygen level had little effect. For routine explantation at room temperature in (ungassed) phosphate-buffered saline solutions such as Hanks', it is recommended that the delay before transferring the embryos to the culture incubator not exceed 2-3 hr. PMID- 3238595 TI - The threshold dose question in teratogenesis. PMID- 3238596 TI - Evaluation of the threshold concept in teratogenicity studies. PMID- 3238597 TI - Teratogenic and postnatal developmental studies of morphine in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - The teratogenic and postnatal developmental effects of morphine exposure during pregnancy were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats in three separate experiments using chronically implanted osmotic minipumps in order to avoid respiratory depression. In the first experiment, the teratogenic effects of three different morphine dosages were studied: a low dose (10 mg/kg/day), an intermediate dose (35 mg/kg/day), and a high dose (70 mg/kg/day). On day 5 of gestation, osmotic minipumps that deliver their contents at a constant rate for 15 days were implanted subcutaneously on the back of the rats. On day 20 of gestation, cesarean sections were performed, reproductive indices were determined, and fetuses were examined externally and then preserved for subsequent visceral and skeletal examinations. The pregnancy rate was significantly reduced at the intermediate and high doses to 57% and 6%, respectively (control, 83%). No teratogenic effects were observed at any dosage, but growth retardation was present in the intermediate-dose group. In the second experiment, postnatal survival of the offspring of dams treated with either normal saline, morphine (35 mg/kg/day), or the synthetic opioid, fentanyl (500 micrograms/kg/day) were studied. Offspring of morphine-treated dams had a significantly higher mortality rate, which peaked at 56% within 2 days. No effect was seen after fentanyl treatment. In the third experiment, pups of morphine-treated dams were cross fostered by saline-treated dams; the postnatal mortality in offspring of morphine treated dams remained high (62%). Our results indicate that doses of morphine up to 35 mg/kg/day delivered by osmotic minipumps are not teratogenic in rats but cause other adverse fetal effects that result in increased postnatal mortality. PMID- 3238598 TI - Morphometric analysis of Macaca nemestrina exposed to ethanol during gestation. AB - This study was part of a multidisciplinary investigation of the effects of gestational ethanol exposure in nonhuman primates. Thirty-one pregnant Macaca nemestrina were exposed to weekly ethanol doses of 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.5, 3.3, or 4.1 g/kg maternal weight. Dose cohorts 0.0 through 1.8 were exposed to the initial ethanol dose within 10 days postconception. Dose cohorts 2.5 through 4.1 received their initial dose after the fifth week of gestation. Morphometric analyses performed on cranial radiographs showed that animals exposed to high doses of gestational ethanol had, on average, slightly smaller, distorted crania than control animals. A dysmorphic, flat face characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome was recognized in one animal of the 1.8 g/kg cohort. The animal that received the highest doses of gestational ethanol was microcephalic. Similar malformations were not seen with low ethanol exposures or in controls. These data suggest a pattern of cranial distortion that may be recognizable and characteristic of ethanol teratogenesis. PMID- 3238599 TI - Mechanism of dimethylsulfoxide protection against the teratogenicity of secalonic acid D in mice. AB - Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is known to antagonize the teratogenic effects of secalonic acid D (SAD) in mice. To establish the optimum protective dose of DMSO, pregnant CD-1 mice were treated, i.p., with 30 mg/kg of SAD in 5% (w/v) NaHCO3, containing 0, 10, 20, or 30% (v/v) DMSO on day 11 of gestation. Data indicate that at 10% and 20% levels, DMSO affords an apparent dose-related protection against SAD-induced cleft palate, whereas 30% DMSO enhanced fetal resorption with no reduction in the incidence of cleft palate. Ultraviolet spectra and TLC mobility indicated that DMSO at 20% did not directly interact with SAD. Distribution and elimination of 14C-SAD was studied in fetal and maternal tissues from pregnant mice at 24 and 48 hr after exposure to 30 mg/kg of 14C-SAD, i.p., in NaHCO3 (control) or in 20% DMSO. Compared with those not receiving DMSO, maternal exposure to DMSO: 1) significantly reduced (42-75%) radioactivity in fetal heads and bodies, placenta, and maternal tissues other than liver; 2) significantly increased (up to 222%) the radioactivity in maternal liver; and 3) significantly reduced (44-58%) fecal and urinary elimination of SAD-derived radioactivity. These results suggest that the antiteratogenic effect of DMSO against SAD may be at least partly mediated by increased SAD (or its metabolites) retention by maternal liver leading to reduced SAD uptake by the fetus. PMID- 3238600 TI - "Rates" of birth defects. AB - The proportion of children born with a particular defect is not a "birth defect rate" but, rather, a prevalence proportion. The implications of confusing a rate and a proportion are discussed in terms of the interpretation of birth defect data. It is recommended that "prevalence proportion" or "prevalence" be used to report the frequency of various defects rather than the often-used "prevalence rate." PMID- 3238601 TI - Effects of prenatal X-irradiation on the 14th-18th days of gestation on postnatal growth and development in the rat. AB - Thirty-nine pregnant adult Wistar strain rats were randomly assigned to one of three exposure groups: 0, 0.75, or 1.50 Gy X-radiation total exposure. Animals were exposed from the 14th to the 18th days of gestation at 0, 0.15, or 0.30 Gy per day. At term, 15 rats were killed and morphologic analyses were completed. Twenty-four rats were allowed to deliver their offspring. On the first day of postnatal life, litters were reduced to a maximum of eight pups per litter, with equal numbers of male and female offspring wherever possible. A total of 187 pups were observed for the age of acquisition of five reflexes (air righting, surface righting, visual placing, negative geotaxis, auditory startle) and the appearance of four physiologic markers (pinna detachment, eye opening, vaginal opening, testes descent). There was significant dose-related weight reduction in term fetuses and offspring throughout the 86-day postnatal period. Postnatal growth rate (g gained/day) was unaffected. Adult offspring brain and gonadal weight and organ weight:body weight ratios were reduced. Using the PAC50 methodology, dose related alterations occurred in the acquisition of several reflexes. All physiologic markers exhibited a dose-related delay in appearance. These results indicate that fractionated exposure to X-radiation during the fetal period in the rat results in dose-dependent alterations in postnatal growth and physiologic development. These studies are important for our understanding of the long-range effects of prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation late in gestation. PMID- 3238602 TI - Effects of prenatal X-irradiation on postnatal testicular development and function in the Wistar rat: development/teratology/behavior/radiation. AB - It is evident that significant permanent tissue hypoplasia can be produced following radiation exposure late in fetal development. Because two organs, brain and testes, are developmentally and functionally interrelated, it was of interest to determine whether fetal testicular hypoplasia was a primary or a secondary effect of fetal brain irradiation. Twenty-four pregnant Wistar strain rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups, and a laparotomy was performed on day 18 of gestation. The fetuses received sham irradiation, whole body irradiation, or only head/thorax or pelvic body irradiation at a dosage level of 1.5 Gy. Mothers were allowed to deliver and raise their offspring until postnatal day 30, when the offspring were weaned. At 60 days of age, 74 male offspring were allowed to mate with colony control females of similar age until successful insemination or until the males reached 90 days of age, when they were killed. Testes were weighed and processed for histologic examination. Direct radiation of testes, due to whole body or pelvic exposure, resulted in testicular growth retardation and significantly reduced spermatogenesis. Breeding activity of the males and the percent of positive inseminations were also slightly reduced. However, a significant percentage of male offspring receiving direct testicular radiation did produce offspring. Head/thorax-only irradiation did not adversely affect testicular growth or spermatogenesis. Therefore, the use of histologic analysis as the sole determinant of infertility may be misleading. This study indicates that testicular growth retardation and an increased infertility rate result from direct prenatal exposure of rat testes to X-radiation and are not necessarily mediated via X-irradiation effects on the central nervous system. PMID- 3238603 TI - Morphology and embryological interpretation of a congenital occipito-atlanto axial malformation in a dog. AB - A clinical, radiological, and morphological study of a congenital occipito atlanto-axial malformation in a 13-week-old male Saint Bernard dog that became suddenly tetraplegic at 8 weeks is described. The dog was recumbent, had generalized muscle atrophy, but was alert and responsive. Pain was elicited when the head-neck junction and the cervical vertebrae were palpated, and a bony abnormality was palpated at the occiput and atlas. Clinical signs of upper motor neuron and general proprioceptive deficits in all four limbs were compatible with a focal lesion in the cervical spinal cord. Plain radiographs of the head and neck revealed malformation of the occipital bones, atlas, and axis, unilateral atlanto-occipital fusion, and atlanto-axial subluxation. At necropsy the right half of the atlantal neural arch was fused to the right exoccipital bone. On the axis, the dens was small, malformed, and deviated to the left; the transverse processes were enlarged; and the spinous process was small with a cleft caudally. The spinal cord was severely compressed at the level of the atlanto-axial articulation, and histological examination revealed extensive loss of neuronal cell bodies, axons, myelin, and the central canal. Reactive astrogliosis was also extensive. After a discussion of normal and abnormal development of the vertebral column and its joints, it was concluded that a failure of normal joint development at about 30 days of gestation in the dog could lead to congenital occipito-atlanto-axial malformation. PMID- 3238604 TI - Teratological assessment of exposure to time-varying magnetic field. AB - A teratological assessment was performed using rats that were exposed to an alternating magnetic field. The magnetic field had a sawtooth waveform similar to that produced by video display terminals (VDTs). Female rats were exposed 2 weeks prior to and throughout pregnancy at a rate of 7 h/day. Three intensities of magnetic field (5.7, 23 or 66 microT) were used. All of these field intensities were much greater than those to which VDT users are exposed. A slight but statistically significant decrease in maternal lymphocyte count for the highest intensity field was found as compared with the control group. However, the lymphocyte count was within the normal range, and the observed changes in hematological parameters were considered mild. No other maternal or fetal parameters that were examined showed a significant difference for any of the three field intensities. Where minor variations in skeleton development were observed they were known to be the common "noise" that appears in every teratological evaluation. PMID- 3238605 TI - Vitrification of mouse oocytes results in aneuploid zygotes and malformed fetuses. AB - Vitrification of mouse oocytes adversely affected the subsequent developmental potential of embryos and fetuses derived from the fertilization of such oocytes after thawing. Only 5% of oocytes vitrified formed viable fetuses on the 15th day of gestation as compared to 47% in the controls. The incidence of chromosomally aneuploid zygotes, derived from cryopreserved oocytes, was approximately threefold higher than the controls irrespective of whether the oocytes were cryopreserved by vitrification or DMSO slow-freezing. Malformed fetuses were obtained from oocytes that had been vitrified as well as those that had been exposed to vitrification solutions only, whereas no malformed fetuses were obtained in oocytes slow-frozen by DMSO or fresh controls--thus demonstrating that the exposure of oocytes to the vitrification chemicals was responsible for the fetal malformations. The data in this study suggest that the vitrification technique should be cautiously applied to human oocyte cryopreservation. Furthermore, the data also demonstrate that the exposure of female gametes to carcinogenic and/or teratogenic chemicals may result in malformed embryos when such oocytes are subsequently fertilized. PMID- 3238606 TI - Pathogenesis of sirenomelia: an editorial comment. PMID- 3238607 TI - Comments on "Origin of Abnormality in a Human Simelian Foetus as Elucidated by Our Knowledge of Vertebrate Development". PMID- 3238608 TI - Comments on "Amyoplasia Congenita-Like Condition and Maternal Malathion Exposure": Is all Amyoplasia Amyoplasia? PMID- 3238610 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the twenty-eighth annual meeting of the Japanese Teratology Society and the second meeting of the International Federation of Teratology Societies. Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1988. PMID- 3238609 TI - Comments on Schwaibold's "Sirenomelia and Anencephaly in One of Dizygotic Twins". PMID- 3238611 TI - Cardiovascular anomalies produced by nimustine hydrochloride in the rat fetus. AB - The cardiovascular teratogenicity of nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) was studied in rat fetuses. This drug is a nitrosourea derivative anticancer agent and produces alkylation of DNA. Pregnant Donryu rats were treated with single doses of 10, 11 or 13 mg/kg of the teratogen at various stages during gestation. Examination of the hearts was performed by microdissection after sacrificing the animals on the 20th day of gestation. The highest frequency of cardiovascular anomalies was found in the groups treated on the 8th day of gestation, but there was no difference in the rates induced by the three dosages of ACNU administered. The most common cardiovascular anomalies observed were ventricular septal defect (76.8%) and double outlet right ventricle (10.3%). A considerable number of affected fetuses (37/263) showed complex cardiac anomalies with atrioventricular (AV) malalignment and other AV valve anomalies. These anomalies include: double inlet left ventricle, straddling AV valve, atresia or stenosis of the AV valve, and dysplastic AV valve. ACNU appears to be a useful teratogenic agent for inducing complexes of cardiac anomalies which include AV malalignment. PMID- 3238612 TI - Epidemiological and genetic study of 200 cases of oral cleft in the Emilia Romagna region of northern Italy. AB - Epidemiological and genetic variables in clefts were analyzed during the years 1978-1986 in a case-control study of congenital malformations in the Emilia Romagna region of northern Italy. Among 150,168 newborns, 200 cases of cleft were detected, yielding a prevalence of 1.33 per 1,000. These clefts consisted of 112 (0.075%) cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- P) and 88 cases (0.058%) of cleft palate (CP). Coexisting abnormalities were found in 32% of cases. The heritability coefficient of CL +/- P was 0.84. No cluster in time or space could be demonstrated. Epilepsy was the only maternal risk factor found to be correlated with clefts. A predominance of males was found among CL +/- P cases. PMID- 3238613 TI - Recombinants in the H-2S/H-2D interval of mouse chromosome 17 define the map position of a gene for cleft palate susceptibility. AB - The H-2 region of mouse chromosome 17 is known to include one or more genes that affect susceptibility to cortisone-induced cleft palate. We have now studied congenic strains that possess crossovers in the interval between H-2S and H-2D and have observed significant differences in susceptibility among recombinants that had been believed to possess the same H-2 haplotypes. Pregnant mice were injected on days 11 through 14 of gestation with 100 mg of cortisone per kg of body weight. The frequency of cleft palate in B10.A(2R) was significantly greater than in B10.A(1R), despite the fact that both have H-2a/H-2b crossovers in the interval between the S and D loci and have the same alleles at all loci that have been previously characterized. Both B10.BAR5 and B10.BAR12 were significantly more susceptible than B10.A(18R), although these strains also share the same alleles at all loci that have been previously characterized. All three of these strains have H-2b/H-2a recombinant chromosomes, with crossovers in the S/D interval. Genetic linkage between H-2 and the high-susceptibility gene of B10.BAR5 was confirmed by testing H-2 homozygotes derived by intercrossing backcross animals. These data therefore suggest that a gene coding for susceptibility, which we designate Cps-1, maps in the 350-kb interval between H 2S and H-2D, and the congenic strains that we have found to be different have different crossover points within this interval. Alleles at the Cps-1 locus have embryonic effects, but no demonstrable effects on the maternal environment. PMID- 3238614 TI - Texans speak out on health care issues. PMID- 3238616 TI - Pit bull attack: case report and literature review. PMID- 3238615 TI - Seasonal affective disorder: clinical aspects. PMID- 3238617 TI - Physicians' responsibilities to help HIV-positive patients. PMID- 3238619 TI - Our patients are talking to us--are we listening? PMID- 3238618 TI - Management of medications revisited. PMID- 3238620 TI - What physicians should know about the new personal service corporation tax laws. PMID- 3238621 TI - On the evolution of genetic incompatibility systems. IV. Modification of response to an existing antigen polymorphism under partial selfing. AB - A 2-locus model of the evolution of self-incompatibility in a population practicing partial selfing is presented. An allele is introduced at a modifier locus which influences the strength of the rejection reaction expressed by the style in response to antigens recognized in pollen. Two causes of inbreeding depression are investigated. First, offspring viability depends solely on the source (self or non-self) of the fertilizing pollen. Second, offspring viability declines with the expression of recessive deleterious alleles, segregating at a third (disease) locus, which exhibit an imperfect association with antigen alleles. Evolutionary changes occurring at the disease locus are not considered in this study. The condition under which a modifier allele that intensifies the incompatibility reaction increases when rare depends upon the number of antigens, the frequency of recessive deleterious alleles at the disease locus, and the level of association between the antigen locus and the disease locus. It is the improvement of viability among offspring derived by outcrossing, rather than the prevention of self-fertilization, that may represent the primary evolutionary function of genetic incompatibility systems. PMID- 3238622 TI - Medical ethics in Britain. PMID- 3238623 TI - Biomedical ethics in the Federal Republic of Germany (F.R.G.). PMID- 3238624 TI - Medical ethics in Norway: modern medicine--traditional morality. PMID- 3238625 TI - [Aspects of prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 3238626 TI - [The effect of prenatal diagnosis on the psychology of the pregnant woman]. PMID- 3238627 TI - [Legal observations on prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 3238628 TI - [Observations on the ethics of prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 3238629 TI - Left heart bypass in the surgery of aortic coarctation in children. AB - Of 47 children over the age of 1 year who underwent repair of aortic coarctation during 1978-85, 22 had the operation performed with left heart bypass because the distal aortic pressure was below 50 mm Hg after the initial application of the arterial clamps. One further child had an elective left heart bypass. Satisfactory distal perfusion was achieved in all 23 patients. There were no deaths related to the use of left heart bypass but three complications occurred. One child had a mild transient hemiparesis on the ninth postoperative day and two had a pericardial effusion. PMID- 3238630 TI - Effect of aerosol challenge with sensitising antigen on the permeability of the surface of the rat trachea in life. AB - A rat model of immediate pulmonary hypersensitivity was used to investigate the permeability changes in the tracheal epithelium produced by aerosol challenge with antigen. The rats were sensitised by the intraperitoneal injection of antigen (dinitrophenyl (DNP19) ovalbumin). Sensitised and control animals were then challenged for 60 minutes with an aerosol of the same antigen, which also contained the electron dense pore marker lanthanum. Histological examination and x ray probe microanalysis showed a greater intercellular concentration of lanthanum in the tracheal epithelium in sensitised than in control animals. The results show that in sensitised rats increased intercellular penetrance of antigen can occur after antigen challenge. PMID- 3238631 TI - Solitary plasmacytoma of the trachea treated by loop resection and laser therapy. AB - A 53 year old woman with respiratory failure and stridor caused by a tracheal plasmacytoma was treated by endoscopic loop polypectomy and neodymium YAG laser therapy, followed by local irradiation. Two years later there was no evidence of recurrence of disease. PMID- 3238632 TI - Bleeding as a complication of fine needle lung biopsy. AB - Two patients in whom bleeding into the pleural space was a major complication of fine needle biopsy of the lung are described. Both had a pleural effusion before biopsy. PMID- 3238633 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in talc induced lung disease. AB - A 65 year old woman with a history of occupational talc inhalation presented with hypoxaemia, cough, and dyspnoea with a normal chest radiograph. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed considerable lymphocytosis, with a predominance of T8+ T lymphocytes, and open lung biopsy showed peribronchiolar granulomas containing talc crystals. Corticosteroid treatment resulted in dramatic improvement. Bronchoalveolar lavage may aid in the diagnosis of talc related lung injury. PMID- 3238634 TI - New extension of the Fontan principle: inferior vena cava-pulmonary artery bridge operation. AB - A new modification of the Fontan operation for complex cardiac anomalies is described. The technique comprises superior vena cava-pulmonary artery anastomosis and inferior vena cava-pulmonary artery bridging via a composite conduit connected to the inferior vena cava via the right atrium, totally excluding the right heart. The procedure was applied to a patient with complex cardiac abnormalities associated with asplenia. After operation the patient had good haemodynamic function initially though he died from multiorgan failure after airway bleeding on the 24th postoperative day. The procedure is a simple alternative to the complicated atrial partition required for the conventional Fontan operation. PMID- 3238635 TI - Why study the epidemiology of asthma? PMID- 3238636 TI - Reproducibility of walking test results in chronic obstructive airways disease. PMID- 3238637 TI - Post-pneumonectomy pulmonary oedema. PMID- 3238638 TI - Respiratory disease in England and Wales. PMID- 3238639 TI - Assessment of variability of exercise tolerance limited by breathlessness. AB - A sequence of questions was designed to quantify the within subject variation of exercise tolerance limited by breathlessness, to serve as a guide to variation in airflow limitation for epidemiological purposes. The questions seek answers about breathlessness in relation to various levels of attempted activity when the subjects are at their best and at their worst. The difference between exercise tolerance at best and exercise tolerance at worst (variation in exercise tolerance) was expressed on a scale ranging from 0 (no variation) to 6 (greatest variation). The effectiveness of these questions has been assessed in 68 patients with airflow limitation attending a chest clinic, by comparing the results with variation in peak expiratory flow rate (PEF). Variation in PEF was expressed as the standard deviation of the first 24 PEF recordings from each patient (equivalent to four days' recordings). There was a highly significant relation between the measure of variation in exercise tolerance obtained from the questionnaire and PEF variation, though each point on the scale of variation in exercise tolerance covered a wide range of variation in PEF. The questions give some guide to the variation in airflow limitation and in combination with other questions may be helpful in epidemiological studies. PMID- 3238640 TI - Supplemental oxygen and exercise ability in chronic obstructive airways disease. AB - The influence of supplemental oxygen on exercise performance was assessed in 17 patients with severe airflow obstruction. Exercise capacity was measured by the six minute walking distance, by an endurance walking test, and by an endurance cycling test and comparison was made with performance when the patient was breathing air. In addition, the relation between the flow rate of supplemental oxygen and cycling endurance time was studied. Portable oxygen (41 min-1) carried by the patient increased the mean endurance walking time by 59% and the six minute walking distance by 17%. The endurance time for cycling at a constant work load was increased by 51% with oxygen at a flow rate of 21 min-1, by 88% at 41 min-1, and by 80% at 61 min-1. Supplemental oxygen prolonged the length of time that the patients were able to walk at a fixed speed. It also increased the mean speed achieved during a six minute walk but this was variable and did not occur in all the subjects. The benefit from supplemental oxygen was not cancelled by the effort of carrying the portable cylinder. PMID- 3238641 TI - Effective pulmonary blood flow in normal children at rest. AB - Effective pulmonary blood flow was measured with a soluble inert gas uptake method (10% argon, 3.5% freon-22, 35% oxygen, balance nitrogen) in 98 apparently healthy children aged 5-14 years. None had any evidence of cardiorespiratory disease and all had normal values for absolute and dynamic lung volumes and transfer factor for carbon monoxide. Values of blood flow measured by a rebreathing method correlated reasonably closely with height, weight, body surface area, and lung volumes, and to a lesser extent with hand and foot size. The mean (SD) effective pulmonary blood flow index was 2.7 (0.31) 1 min-1 m-2. Small children found a single breath method of measuring flow more difficult to perform and the results were more variable. PMID- 3238642 TI - Influence of breathing pattern on lung deposition and bronchodilator response to nebulised salbutamol in patients with stable asthma. AB - The influence of breathing pattern on lung deposition and bronchodilator response to nebulised salbutamol is uncertain. Three different breathing patterns were assessed in eight patients with chronic stable asthma. Salbutamol solution (2.5 mg in 4 ml) mixed with technetium-99m labelled human serum albumin was nebulised by an Acorn nebuliser at a flow rate of 6 litres a minute. Particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 4.8 microns were produced for inhalation by (a) tidal breathing, (b) six tidal breaths followed by three deep breaths, and (c) six tidal breaths followed by three deep breaths with a five second breath hold after each breath. Each breathing pattern was continued for four minutes. There was no significant difference in the percentage of radioaerosol deposited in the lung or in the distribution of radioaerosol within the lung as assessed by gamma camera imaging. Changes in bronchodilator responses as measured by peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC) 30, 45, and 60 minutes after inhalation were similar for the three studies. The mean (SEM) maximum percentage change in FEV1 was 44 (7.1), 47 (9.2), and 51 (8.4) for studies 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The percentage of nebulised solution deposited in the body was also similar for the three breathing patterns--that is, 11-13%, of which 98% entered the lung. This study shows that inhaling a nebulised aerosol by tidal breathing, the simplest method, is as effective as tidal breathing with deep breaths with or without a breath hold. PMID- 3238643 TI - Intracavity drainage for bullous, emphysematous lung disease: experience with the Brompton technique. AB - Twenty two operations have been performed on 20 patients for the relief of symptoms due to bullous lung disease. Open intubation drainage of the bullae was used in all patients, the technique initially devised by Monaldi for the treatment of intrapulmonary tuberculous abscesses having been modified. Three patients died after surgery. Mortality was associated with low preoperative FEV1 (median 350 ml) and higher preoperative arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) (median 7.8 kPa). Symptomatic improvement was reported by 16 of the remaining 17 patients and was maintained over a median follow up period of 1.6 years. This was accompanied by objective improvement in lung function with a 22% median improvement in FEV1, an 11% median reduction in total lung capacity, and a 26% median reduction in residual volume. In one patient symptoms were unchanged after surgery. The technique described provides a simple method for decompressing bullae by means of a minimally invasive surgical procedure. It also allows for the treatment of further bullae at a later date by closed intubation under local anaesthetic. It has proved a suitable approach for all but those with the poorest lung function and is now our treatment of choice. PMID- 3238644 TI - Effect of thromboxane synthetase inhibition on platelet function and morphology during ovine pregnancy-induced hypertension. AB - Arterial blood pressure, serum fibrin/fibrinogen degratory products, plasma thromboxane B2, in vitro platelet aggregation, and platelet ultrastructure were studied in ten gravid ewes during fast-triggered ovine pregnancy-induced hypertension and subsequent administration of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitors CGS13080 and CGS12970. During the hypertensive period, blood pressure (p less than 0.005) and plasma thromboxane B2 levels (p less than 0.005) were significantly altered. Collagen-induced in vitro platelet aggregation lag times increased (p less than 0.01), and percent aggregation (p less than 0.05), primary (p less than 0.01), and secondary (p less than 0.005) aggregatory slopes decreased. Collagen also failed to induce aggregation in some ewes. Primary slopes of ADP-induced in vitro platelet aggregation decreased (p less than 0.01) during hypertension. Degranulation and open canalicular tubule system swelling were observed in platelets which produced abnormal or no aggregation response. However, these ultrastructural abnormalities did not necessarily correspond to hypertensive periods. Thromboxane synthetase inhibitor administration lowered blood pressure (p less than 0.005) and plasma thromboxane B2 levels (p less than 0.005). Abnormalities in collagen and ADP-induced platelet aggregation curves were also corrected, and ultrastructural abnormalities were not detected. Marked elevations in plasma thromboxane levels during ovine pregnancy-induced hypertension may have had an "exhaustive" effect on thrombocytes which was reversed by thromboxane synthetase inhibition. PMID- 3238645 TI - Growth and stability of thrombi in flowing citrated blood: assessment of platelet surface interactions with computer-assisted morphometry. AB - The differential quantitation of platelet deposition in perfusion studies is a major problem. We report on methods to prepare semithin sections of platelet deposits on collagen coated on glass and plastic cover slips, to study growth and stability of thrombi in three dimensions, and the development of a computer assisted differential quantitation of platelet-collagen interactions. The interactions were quantified as percentage of the surface covered with platelets (platelet adhesion), thrombus height, thrombus density and thrombus area per unit sectional length, respectively. Cover slips coated with fibrillar equine collagen in parallel-plate perfusion chambers were exposed to flowing citrated blood at shear rates ranging from 200 to 2,600 s-1. Thrombi, partially enmeshed in the collagen meshwork, prevailed on the surface at all shear rates. Maximal platelet adhesion and thrombus density were seen at greater than 5 micrograms/cm2 collagen, while thrombus area and height were maximal at greater than 10 micrograms/cm2. The volume of the thrombi appeared correlated to the number of deposited platelets (r = 0.92). En face preparations showed deposits of platelet islands which grew in diameter with time, particularly in the direction of the blood flow, becoming progressively confluent. Sections cut parallel to the direction of the blood stream indicated that this growth pattern was at least partially caused by thrombi bent in the direction of the blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3238646 TI - Laminar flow induces cell polarity and leads to rearrangement of proteoglycan metabolism in endothelial cells. AB - Bovine aortic endothelial cells in tissue culture were incubated with [35S] sulfate to examine the pattern of proteoglycan production at various shear rates. It was observed that culturing bovine aortic endothelial cells under laminar flow changes the secretion pattern of proteoglycans to that observed in perfused organ cultures, induces polarity of secretion, down-regulates proteoglycan biosynthesis and decreases uptake of sulfate. These results indicate that surface shear is a major force influencing the endothelial cellular phenotype. The changed pattern of proteoglycan release under static conditions may contribute to the anticoagulant effect of endothelial cells which is much needed when activated coagulation factors are not dispersed by flow. PMID- 3238647 TI - Commercial immunodepleted deficient plasmas contain cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (HK). AB - Comparative analysis of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) in various commercial congenital and immunodepleted deficiency plasmas was performed by immunoblotting of HK. It was found, that some artificially depleted deficiency plasmas contained proteolytically cleaved, kinin-free kininogen. In contrast, in all congenitally deficient plasmas, HK was present in the intact, single chain form. Thus, cleavage of kininogen could have been triggered by or during the immunodepletion procedure. It was seen, that the degree of proteolytic cleavage and degradation of HK in depleted plasmas differed among various manufacturers. E.g. depleted products of one company contained only trace amounts of cleaved HK, in contrast to products of another one, in which HK was completely degraded. The immunoblot analysis of HK reflects the occurrence of proteolytic events during the production of artificially deficient plasmas and can therefore serve as a quality control method. PMID- 3238648 TI - Modifications of extrinsic pathway inhibitor (EPI) and factor Xa that affect their ability to interact and to inhibit factor VIIa/tissue factor: evidence for a two-step model of inhibition. AB - Inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor (TF) by extrinsic pathway inhibitor (EPI) requires the participation of factor Xa. Through this inhibition, factor Xa generated initially may feed back to suppress continuing generation of factor Xa via the extrinsic pathway during hemostasis. We have utilized chemical modifications of EPI and factor Xa to study the reactions responsible for inhibition. The data are consistent with a two-step model. First, EPI binds to factor Xa in a Ca2+ independent reaction in which the gla-domain of factor Xa does not participate. A functional active site on factor Xa and arginine residues on EPI are essential for this step. Then the factor Xa/EPI complex binds to factor VIIa/TF with resultant inhibition of its enzymatic activity. The gla domain of factor Xa is essential for this step. Intact positively charged lysines on factor Xa may also be important. PMID- 3238649 TI - The mode of action of heparin in plasma. AB - The influence of heparin on prothrombin conversion in plasma was estimated by measuring prothrombin disappearance with the aid of staphylocoagulase or by calculation from the thrombin generation curve, compensating for simultaneous thrombin inactivation by plasma protease inhibitors. In thromboplastin-activated plasma the effect of heparin on prothrombinase (factor Xa-factor Va-phospholipid) is negligible compared to that on thrombin probably because both the extrinsic factor X activating complex and phospholipid bound factor Xa are insensitive to AT III-heparin action. In contact-activated plasma prothrombinase generation is inhibited by heparin, because heparin lowers the ambient concentrations of thrombin so that the feedback activation of factor VIII by thrombin is diminished. Consequently, the delayed factor Xa generation causes a lag phase in prothrombinase generation. We conclude that heparin in plasma acts by its thrombin scavenging properties. No direct action on prothrombinase or on the factor X activating enzyme needs to be assumed if one takes into account the effect of thrombin depletion on thrombin-mediated feedback reactions. PMID- 3238650 TI - Antithrombin Milano, single amino acid substitution at the reactive site, Arg393 to Cys. AB - Antithrombin Milano is an unusual antithrombin variant, exhibiting an abnormal, fast moving component on crossed immunoelectrophoresis (in the absence of heparin). Antithrombin isolated from the propositus could be resolved into two peaks on anion-exchange chromatography; antithrombin Milano peak 1 of Mr approximately 60,000 which could inhibit thrombin, and antithrombin Milano peak 2 of Mr approximately 120,000 which was inactive. The latter component also reacted with antisera to both antithrombin and albumin on immunoblotting. Under reducing conditions, the approximately 120,000 Mr component migrated on SDS-PAGE as two distinct bands with Mr approximately 60,000, one of which reacted with antiserum to antithrombin and the other (of slower mobility) of which reacted with antiserum to albumin only. These and other results established the approximately 120,000 Mr component to be an inactive, disulphide-linked variant antithrombin and albumin complex. The variant antithrombin was isolated, following reduction and S-carboxymethylation, by reverse-phase HPLC and then it was fragmented with CNBr. A major CNBr pool containing the sequence Gly339-Met423 was treated with trypsin, followed by V8 protease. The resulting peptides were analysed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (Fab-MS) mapping. A peptide of molecular mass 1086, corresponding to the normal sequence Ala382-Arg393, was almost absent from the mass spectrum, but an additional peptide of mass number 1772 was present. These results are almost identical to those found in another variant antithrombin, Northwick Park (Erdjument et al., J Biol Chem, 262: 13381, 1987; Erdjument et al., J. Biol Chem, 263: 5589-5593, 1988), indicating the same single amino acid substitution of Arg393 to Cys. PMID- 3238651 TI - The influence of adrenaline on gender difference in adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation of platelets in the rat. AB - The role of adrenaline on the inhibitory effects of physiological levels of oestradiol on ADP-induced intravascular aggregation has been studied. Platelets from pro-oestrous female rats aggregated less than those from dioestrous and male rats. Following adrenalectomy, there was no longer any difference(s) in the aggregability of the platelets to ADP in any of the rats. Adrenaline infusion (20 mg kg-1 hr-1) restored platelet aggregation to preadrenalectomy levels in pro oestrous rate. Measurement of spontaneous fibrinolytic activity of the plasma showed highest value in pro-oestrous rats. Adrenalectomy reduced, while adrenaline infusion increased the fibrinolytic activity. The results suggest that the inhibitory effects of oestradiol on intravascular aggregation are dependent on endogenous adrenaline possibly working through the fibrinolytic pathway. PMID- 3238652 TI - Oxymetholone therapy in patients with familial antithrombin III deficiency. AB - Three patients with familial antithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency, who also have histories of thromboembolism, were treated with oxymetholone in combination with warfarin. Thrombolysis was observed in one patient with acute thrombosis of inferior vena cava during the oxymetholone and warfarin therapy. No further thromboembolic episodes occurred in these patients after initiation of warfarin with or without oxymetholone. The levels of plasma ATIII, alpha 1-antitrypsin, plasminogen and Cl-inactivator were significantly increased in all patients after the introduction of oxymetholone therapy. This suggests that oxymetholone augments anticoagulant and fibinolytic activity. Hence we consider that oxymetholone in combination with warfarin may be possible thrombolytic therapy in patients with familial ATIII deficiency. PMID- 3238653 TI - Interaction of thrombin-stimulated platelets with vitronectin (S-protein of complement) substrate: inhibition by a monoclonal antibody to glycoprotein IIb IIIa complex. AB - Platelets adhere to vitronectin substrate following activation with physiological concentrations of thrombin. Adhesion of activated platelets to vitronectin substrate is dependent upon the presence of divalent cations, the amount of vitronectin, and the duration of adhesion assay. The adhesion of platelets is inhibited by synthetic peptides containing the sequence of Arg-Gly-Asp. In addition, monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex inhibit the adhesion of activated platelets to vitronectin substrate in a dose-dependent manner. These studies suggest that the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex on activated platelets may interact with vitronectin substrate through the Arg-Gly-Asp mechanism. Since vitronectin is present in the subendothelial matrix, it might be involved in platelet-vessel wall interactions. PMID- 3238654 TI - Interactions of liposomes and platelets. AB - Rats were injected intravenously with liposomes of various compositions and sizes and blood platelet count measured. It was found that negatively-charged liposomal systems produced a transient reduction in platelet count in the first 5 minutes after injection which recovered by 60 minutes post-injection. This effect was most striking for multilamellar vesicles (MLV's) containing phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Dose levels of 25 mg/kg of MLV's containing 10 mole% PG caused the platelet count to drop from a control value of 1,086 +/- 21 X 10(9)/l to 193 +/- 14 X 10(9)/l by 2 minutes post-injection, an 82% decline. This thrombocytopenic effect was observed to diminish as vesicle size or vesicle dose was decreased. Positively-charged liposomes produced a less pronounced transient reduction in platelet count while neutral liposomes caused only a mild, transient platelet decline. This transient thrombocytopenic effect was not blocked by common anticoagulants and fibrinolytic agents but was prevented by liposomal pretreatment. Radiolabeled platelet studies revealed that transient sequestration of platelets occurs in the liver and spleen 2 minutes after PG:EPC:CHOL MLV injection with a normalization of platelet distribution by 60 minutes post injection. In vitro studies, using an automated blood counter, suggest a transient association of liposomes and platelets occurring following injection. Liposomally-induced transient thrombocytopenia suggests a role for platelets in the biodistribution of liposomes. PMID- 3238655 TI - Moderate, chronic hypothyroidism does not lead to more small-sized platelets in the circulation. PMID- 3238656 TI - A thyroid hormone-influences number and size of platelets--rebuttal. PMID- 3238657 TI - Variations of factor XII level during pregnancy in a woman with Hageman factor deficiency. PMID- 3238658 TI - Thrombotic manifestations in plasminogen deficiency and in plasminogen abnormalities. PMID- 3238659 TI - Classification of antithrombin III deficiencies--has a new tower of Babel been built? PMID- 3238660 TI - Haemorrhagic shock nine days after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in a patient with haemophilia B. PMID- 3238661 TI - Intracellular pH, Na+- and K+-activities at the onset of St. Thomas' cardioplegia: a study with ionselective microelectrodes. AB - Cellular edema and cardiac arrhythmias are often closely related to intracellular ionic alterations and, moreover, are an actual problem of clinical cardioplegia and ischemia of the heart. In order to investigate whether the clinically widely used cardioplegic solution of the St. Thomas' Hospital may predispose for these complications, membrane potential (EM), intracellular pH (pHi), and intracellular sodium and potassium activity (aiNa- and aiK) in sheep heart Purkinje fibres were directly measured by means of neutral-carrier ion-selective microelectrodes during equilibration of the fibres' extracellular space with the cardioplegic solution. The experimental temperature was 35 degrees C throughout. During control conditions under superfusion of a HEPES-buffered Tyrode solution EM was 74.4 +/- 5.1 mV (n = 39), pHi was 7.18 +/- 0.05 (n = 16), and aiNa and aiK were 7.6 +/- 1.4 mmol/l (n = 15) and 118.9 +/- 4.6 mmol/l (n = 15) respectively. Superfusing the Purkinje strand for 10 minutes with the cardioplegic St. Thomas' solution led to a depolarization to -57.3 +/- 4.7 mV (n = 21), a slight aiNa decrease to 6.7 +/- 1.6 mmol/l (n = 15; p less than 0.01; cardioplegic solution without procaine) and an increase of aiK to 127.1 +/- 4.4 mmol/l (n = 6; p less than 0.01). pHi needed 15 minutes to reach a steady state value of 7.25 +/- 0.05 (n = 9). The alterations on post-cardioplegic reperfusion with Tyrode solution were reversible within 15 minutes. Simulation of the clinical situation of ice cold application of the solution by inhibiting the cellular Na/K pump via 0.1 mmol/l dihydroouabaine added to the St. Thomas' solution resulted in a marked increase of aiNa to 10.7 +/- 1.5 mmol/l (n = 6; p less than 0.01; no procaine) during cardioplegic superfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3238662 TI - Mitroflow heart valve: 5.5 years clinical experience. AB - From March 1982 through December 1986, 139 Mitroflow pericardial heart valves were utilized in 129 patients. There were 69 males and 60 females, with an average age of 55.2, range 26 to 74 years. Eighty-nine patients underwent isolated aortic valve replacements, 27 isolated mitral valve replacements, 3 isolated tricuspid valve replacements, 10 mitro-aortic valve replacements. In 27 cases (20.9%) additional cardiac surgery was performed. Maximum follow-up was 5.5 years with a mean of 37.9 months. The cumulative follow-up was 407.25 patient years. Overall hospital mortality was 1.6% (2 cases). There were 3 late deaths in this series (2.4%). The linearized incidence of late mortality was 0.49% per patient-year. The survival actuarial curve was 96% +/- 1.8. The incidence of thromboembolism was 1.22% per patient-year, and the actuarial thromboembolism free rates was 93% +/- 2.7. Prosthetic endocarditis occurred in one patient. Three patients developed primary tissue failure of the Mitroflow valve in the mitral position. The linearized incidence of primary tissue failure was 0.73% per patient-year and the actuarial freedom from primary tissue failure was 95% +/- 3.2. A total of 4 patients underwent reoperation (0.49% per patient-year). In conclusion, the clinical performance of the Mitroflow pericardial heart valve at medium-term follow-up is satisfactory, however a significant number of early mitral primary tissue failures have already occurred. PMID- 3238663 TI - Successful surgical repair of a congenital subvalvular left ventricular aneurysm. AB - Subannular left ventricular aneurysms are rare in white persons. Six white patients have been reported in the literature who underwent surgical repair because of subaortic left ventricular aneurysm. The authors report on a further case, a 41 year-old woman who was operated on at their clinic. The rare occurrence of this disease inspired them to review the literature and to describe their case. PMID- 3238664 TI - Carotid endarterectomy: prevention of stroke in asymptomatic (stage I) and symptomatic (stage II) patients? AB - This paper reports on 1097 carotid artery operations (651 in stage I and 446 in stage II of cerebrovascular insufficiency) carried out from 1970 to 1988. The indication for surgery was based on the following criteria: hemodynamic efficacy of the stenosis, risk of embolism of the vascular lesion, causal connection between the extracranial stenosis and the neurological deficit, and exclusion of a serious concomitant internal disease. As operation technique, open thrombendarterectomy using an intraluminal shunt was applied. The arteriotomy was closed by means of a patch. When there was a simultaneous elongation of the internal carotid artery (kinking), the internal was shortened with reinsertion into the common carotid artery. In stage I the surgical mortality was 0.9%, and the surgical morbidity (cerebrovascular deficit of ischemic origin) was 1.2%; in stage II the corresponding figures were 1.2% and 2.4% respectively. The period of follow-up observation comprised three to 207 months (up to 17 years) with an average value of 70 months for patients of stage I and 67 months for patients of stage II. Patients of stage I suffered a stroke in 1.4% (n = 9) and patients in stage II suffered a stroke in 2.4% (n = 10) of cases i.e. annually 0.2% in stage I and 0.3% in stage II. There have been various reports on the favorable spontaneous course of patients with carotid stenoses treated non-surgically. A risk of stroke of 1% to 3% was reported for stage I and a risk of stroke of 3% to 4% was reported for stage II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3238665 TI - [Femoro-axillary bypass--a rarely used form of revascularization in occlusions of the supra-aortic vessels]. AB - Revascularization of central occluded supraaortic vascular branches is more and more successfully done by extra-anatomic junction to the nearest other supraaortic vessel. In case of extreme stenosis of all supraaortic donor vessels intrathoracic surgery may be excluded in poor risk patients. The only possibility of extra-anatomic junction remains connection to iliaco-femoral vessels according to the well known femoro-axillary bypass. Showing two typical cases, this method is demonstrated proving its importance in elective and emergency surgery. The first patient (67 yrs. of age) showed an acute complete ischemia of the right arm due to obstruction of the subclavian artery distal of the origin of the truncus brachiocephalicus. Emergency operation was performed, and revascularization was achieved by femoro-axillary bypass because of biological inoperability to all other orthopic procedures. The second case is of a 66 yrs. old patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm and multiple stenoses of the supraaortic vessels. The abdominal aortic aneurysm was electively operated upon, and during the same operation the cerebral circulation was hemodynamically improved by performing a femoro-subclavian bypass. In considering these two cases, indications, risks and benefits of extra-anatomic revascularization procedures are discussed. PMID- 3238666 TI - Thoraco-pleural actinomycosis presenting like diffuse pulmonary embolism. AB - Actinomycosis is an uncommon infection. The regions mostly involved are the cervico fascial area, the thorax and the abdomen. The thoracic variety accounts for approximately 15% of the cases. Clinical pictures of pulmonary neoplasm, abscess, and empyema have been described. Misleading symptoms often delay the right diagnosis. The present study describes a case of actinomycosis with pleuro pulmonary involvement. A 48-year woman had been well until two and a half years previously, when she developed symptoms suggestive of pneumonia. When referred to a medical clinic with thoracic pain and tiredness, pulmonary embolism was suspected. Inhalation and perfusion scintigraphy showed several perfusion defects. There were several relapses, with clinical pictures suggestive of pulmonary embolism, before an abscess in the left axilla appeared. Drained pus showed no growth of Actinomycetes. Correct diagnosis of the true cause was only possible by direct microscopy. Possible symptoms and the diagnostic difficulties when Actinomycetes is involved are discussed. PMID- 3238667 TI - Hydatid cyst causing tension pneumothorax in childhood. AB - A 7-year-old child with concomitant pulmonary and hepatic echinococcosis presenting as a tension pneumothorax is reported. The correct diagnosis was unsuspected until the operation which was performed successfully in two stages. PMID- 3238668 TI - A case of carcinoma in intralobar pulmonary sequestration. AB - A case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration with the unusual origin of an abnormal artery from the ascending aorta and with cancer localised in the sequestrated lung tissue is presented. The preoperative investigation failed to diagnose the cancer. PMID- 3238669 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the lung--a rare differential diagnosis of lung tumors. AB - The authors report of a 50 year old woman who was operated on because of a rectum carcinoma 5 years ago. At a follow-up examination a 2 x 2 x 1 cm sized tumor was found in the lower lobe of the right lung. Under the diagnosis of lung metastasis after rectum carcinoma resection, operation (wedge resection) was carried out. The histological examination revealed the rare tumor hemangiopericytoma. Based on this case, frequency of the tumor, clinical symptoms, surgical treatment, prognosis as well as recurrence rate and formation of metastases are discussed. PMID- 3238670 TI - Recommendations on diagnosis, staging, and surgical therapy of lung cancer. PMID- 3238671 TI - [Proton spin tomography in the treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. AB - In twelve patients with a congenital dislocation of the hip a comparative study was carried out with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and arthrography. MRI can provide accurate information about pathologic anatomic changes in and around a luxated hip in several planes. Until recently arthrography was considered as the imaging technique of choice when further precise information was required. However it is an invasive method which involves ionising radiation. Furthermore, tridimensional structures are transformed in two-dimensional structures and the contrast medium only outlines the bony and soft tissues, which contour the hip joint. PMID- 3238672 TI - [Pavlik's method of reduction treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. AB - In 68 patients with 101 congenital dysplasias of the hip results of treatment by Pavlik harness were retrospectively analysed. Of the 101 there were 61 dislocations. After six weeks of treatment with the Pavlik harness reduction was achieved in 48 of the 61 dislocated hips (80%). However, because of persisting dysplasia 50% of all cases had to be treated with an abduction device for a few months. There were no complications, in particular osteonecrosis of the femoral head was not observed. Provided well controlled, the Pavlik harness is a good, safe and easy method for treating congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 3238673 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital hip dysplasia]. AB - Between 1967 and 1977 we operated on 83 hips with congenital dysplasia of the hip. We needed 3.25 procedures per patient to achieve a good final result. While using an improved protocol between 1977 and 1985 we operated on 155 hips and then we needed only 1.38 procedures per patient to achieve a good final result. The improved more precise treatment protocol gave us the same good results with less operation procedures. PMID- 3238674 TI - [Congenital femur abnormalities]. AB - Congenital malformations of the femur are rare. It is possible to determine a hypoplastic and a dysplastic group on clinical and radiological criteria. In hypoplasia the therapeutic goal is to achieve limb-length-equalisation, whereas in dysplasia a prosthesis is always needed and the treatment is to gain optimal function. An outline is given of the malformations and of their treatment. PMID- 3238675 TI - [Congenital defects of tibia and fibula]. AB - This study comprised 7 patients with longitudinal anomalies of the knee and leg classified in accordance with the 'classification of congenital limb deficiencies' introduced by Frantz and O'Rahilly. The anomalies were paraxial hemimelia of the fibula (4 instances), paraxial hemimelia of the tibia (6 instances). In the absence of the proximal tibia, therapy consisted of knee reconstruction according to Brown. In the absence of the distal part of the tibia a proximal tibiofibular synostosis was performed. In one instance corrective osteotomy of the tibia was required in the absence of the fibula. Exarticulation according to Syme was resorted in order to cope with an incorrigible abnormal position of the foot and for leg length inequality. The therapy should aim at giving the child walking ability at a normal time. Exarticulation has to be preferred to amputation in the treatment of these patients. PMID- 3238676 TI - [Acute infantile osteomyelitis]. AB - In infants acute haematogenous osteomyelitis presents with few and subtle clinical signs. Only early diagnosis and proper treatment of this orthopedic emergency are able to prevent late deformities. Delay in diagnosis, persistence in apparently not effective conservative therapy and inadequate surgery lead to ugly and severe deformities, of which the corrective treatment is a heavy burden for the child and its parents. PMID- 3238677 TI - [Bacterial infantile coxitis and its sequelae]. AB - Septic arthritis constitutes a serious threat for the infant hip. Literature data mention a favourable outcome only after surgical drainage within 3-4 days after the onset of symptoms. Clinical observations impose the idea that recognition of this disease often occurs too late, which brings about a subsequent serious damage to the hips involved. In order to verify this idea and to demonstrate the grave sequela of late recognition an investigation was carried out among 18 patients known as having suffered from this disease, collected from 2 children's hospitals and one university clinic. Thereby literature data were confirmed. The variety of hip joint damage is described. PMID- 3238678 TI - [Bone disorders due to congenital syphilis]. AB - Despite good prevention, congenital syphilis still occurs: the incidence in 1981 1986 was 9 in six years. In this case history an infant with osteomyelitis, due to congenital syphilis, is discussed. This article also gives a review of symptoms, diagnosis, therapy and follow-up after treatment. The best method for diagnosis is the 19S-IgM-FTA-absorption test in serum. Treatment concerns the pediatrician, as well as the orthopaedic surgeon, the neurologist, the dermatologist and the ophthalmologist, cooperating as an interdisciplinary team. PMID- 3238679 TI - [Surgical treatment of bone tumors in children]. AB - In the treatment of high grade malignant tumours of the extremities limb preserving surgery plays an increasing role. This kind of surgery may pose special problems for children, when one or two epiphyses must be sacrificed. Especially when one performs this kind of operation in a very young child, an unacceptable leg length discrepancy may arise at the end of growth. In this article the different possibilities of reconstruction after resection of a bone tumour and the consequences for growth, are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the role of the rotation plasty in comparison to other forms of reconstruction after resection of a tumour around the knee. PMID- 3238680 TI - [Fractures in children]. AB - Children's fractures can be divided into shaft fractures, epiphysiolysis and epiphyseal fractures. Shaft fractures always heal with conservative methods. Slight axis deviations and shortening will correct spontaneously, while fracture disease and pseudarthrosis are extremely rare. Nevertheless, acute complications such as compartment syndromes deserve special attention. Epiphyseal fractures call for anatomical reduction and foolproof fixation to prevent growth disturbance through partial or complete closure of the growth plate. Such growth disturbance is not to be expected in case of epiphysiolysis. PMID- 3238681 TI - [Wagner's method of leg lengthening in young children]. AB - In 22 children under the age of 10 years a Wagner leg-lengthening procedure was started at a time when the orthosis became a nuisance. In all cases a discrepancy of more than 7.5 cm was expected at the end of growth, and an end result with full weight bearing and a minimal adjustment seemed to be within reach. In 9 children this aim has already been attained, 12 children are still under treatment and one child withdrew after a femoral lengthening complicated by an ankylotic hip joint. An account is given of a total of 35 procedures (16 tibiae, 19 femora). Complications can be prevented, or at least controlled, by careful lengthening, not exceeding 15-20% of the original length of the bone. The technique of diaphyseal callus-distraction reduced the gap-healing time to less than 6 months, while it diminished the need for cancellous bone-grafts and internal fixation. Furthermore, in at least 4 patients such a growth stimulus was observed after femoral lengthening, that a second procedure was not necessary. PMID- 3238682 TI - [Surgical treatment of persistent congenital clubfoot in the young child]. AB - From 1979-1985 seventeen children with twenty-six club-feet were treated. Thirty four operations have been carried out, divided in three surgical procedures. The heel cord was lengthened in eight feet, a posterior release was done in thirteen feet and a posteromedial release according to Turco was done thirteen times as well. Lengthening of the heel cord seemed to be an insufficient procedure, because six out of eight feet showed a recurrent deformity. The posterior release has given in half of the cases a good result. After posteromedial release we saw in 70% a good or excellent result, when this procedure has been performed between the age of six to twelve months. PMID- 3238683 TI - [Hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia (HOOD)]. AB - Hereditary onycho-osteodysplasia (HOOD) is an autosomal dominant condition, characterized by dysplasia of the nails and joints and extra bone formation at the os ilium. Nephropathy occurs in some families with HOOD. We discuss a patient's history and the results of the study of her family. The incidence of all important features of this syndrome is given. Finally, some methods of treatment and genetic counseling are discussed. PMID- 3238684 TI - [Successful conservative treatment of severe congenital camptodactyly. Case report]. AB - A three year old girl with a severe type of camptodactyly of 100 degrees in the right little finger was successfully treated conservatively. A well tolerated circular below elbow plaster of Paris with the PIP joint in maximal extension was applied and changed at short intervals. Gradually after eight weeks complete extension and full return of function as well as a marked radiographic remodelling of the PIP joint were obtained. A slight relapse to 25 degrees of contracture at 2 years follow-up was soon corrected the same way. PMID- 3238685 TI - An ultrastructural study of centriolar complexes in adult and embryonic human aortic endothelial cells. AB - Ultrastructural organization of centriolar complexes in 90 adult human aortic endothelial cells from uninvolved areas, fibrous and atheromatous plaques and 30 endothelial cells from human embryonic aorta were studied using serial sections. Primary cilia protruding from the abluminal cell surface were found on 28 of 30 endothelial cells from atheromatous plaques. Only five of 30 cells from either fibrous plaques or uninvolved areas developed primary cilia protruding to the lumen. Impaired primary cilia entirely immersed into the cytoplasm were found in embryonic endothelial cells. It was speculated that both the modes of formation and the functions of endothelial cilia in embryonic and adult aortas are different. PMID- 3238687 TI - Primary culture of bovine mammary acini on a collagen matrix. AB - Lactating bovine mammary epithelial acini were isolated and primary culture on rat tail attached collagen gels are described. Acini rapidly attach to the gels and morphologically change little over days of culture under the culture conditions described herein. Cells release lactose, alpha-lactalbumin and alpha s1 casein over a 6-day period. A new HPLC method for measuring lactose in mammary cell culture media is described. Comparisons of acini cultures with individual cell cultures show acini to be 1.5-5 times more productive than cells in secreting lactose and casein, respectively. PMID- 3238686 TI - Morphological analysis of the activation of adherent neutrophils in vitro. AB - One approach to study the inflammatory potential of neutrophils involves in vitro methods, using either adherent or suspended cells. In order to do structure function studies, traditional methods require that experiments be done in parallel: one experiment for structure and another for function. In this report new morphological methods for coordinated structure-function studies on the same cells are described. Isolation and biochemical analysis of sheep and human adherent neutrophils were done as described in the companion paper (Cerasoli et al., 1988). Then, at designated time points, the adherent cells were fixed and processed in the microtiter wells for high-resolution light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The principal obstacle to the morphological studies was chemical etching of the microtiter wells by the processing solutions and embedding media. Insertion of No. 3 BEEM capsule 'sleeves' (the cap and conical tip were removed) into the wells before processing eliminated the obstacle and provided standard-sized, polymerized blocks for microtomes. Adherent neutrophils activated in vitro with 10(-7) M phorbol myristate acetate developed prominent cytoplasmic vacuoles. Furthermore, the activated cells assumed irregular shapes and cytoplasmic processes. These changes in adherent cell morphology in vitro are similar to those seen in neutrophils which have been activated and fixed in vivo. Thus, the in vitro approach we devised retains the morphologic characteristics of cells in vivo and provides an efficient method to do integrated structure-function studies. Using these techniques, we have studied alveolar neutrophils obtained from a patient with acute respiratory failure. These cells contained conspicuous cytoplasmic vacuoles, few granules, and their border was ruffled. The same morphologic changes observed after activation of peripheral blood neutrophils with phorbol myristate acetate in vitro were seen in the alveolar neutrophils obtained from this patient. Therefore, these studies reveal that similar morphologic changes are seen in neutrophils stimulated in vitro as well as cells which have been activated pathophysiologically in vivo. PMID- 3238688 TI - Uptake and cellular transport of [11-3H] all-trans-retinoic acid in the liver of vitamin A-deficient hamsters. AB - In this study, we examined, by ultrastructural autoradiography, the uptake and intracellular transport of [3H]all-trans-retinoic acid ([3H]RA) in the livers of vitamin A-deficient hamsters. Four-week-old animals were administered 25 microCi of [3H]RA by gavage, and, at different intervals thereafter, one animal was sacrificed. Their livers were excised and processed for autoradiography. Radioactive grains were observed to pass randomly through the plasma membrane by diffusion. No evidence of retinoid internalization by endocytosis was observed. Between 1 and 30 min after gavage, the radioactivity in parenchymal cells was associated mainly with rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and mitochondria. The labeling over nuclei was apparent at 1 min, remained relatively high up to 30 min, and subsequently decreased. At 2 and 5 hr, only a few grains were observed over nuclei, RER and mitochondria. At 24 hr, most of the labeling was associated with endothelial cells and sinusoidal spaces, indicating mobilization of [3H]RA from the liver. The results indicate that [3H]RA is transported through the plasma membrane by transmembrane diffusion without endocytosis and, after entering the cells, the ligand is rapidly translocated into nuclei. PMID- 3238689 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of proteoglycans in adult rat cornea. AB - Proteoglycans in the adult rat cornea were demonstrated at the electron microscope level using two approaches: (a) staining with cuprolinic blue dye in the presence of 0.3 MgCl2, and (b) immunocytochemical localization of glycosaminoglycans with monoclonal antibodies and protein A-gold complexes. In the stroma two kinds of cuprolinic blue-induced filaments were morphologically differentiated and characterized according to their sensitivity to enzymatic degradations as keratan sulphate-rich and chondroitin-dermatan sulphate-rich proteoglycans respectively. Both types were mostly associated with collagen fibres, occupying the whole stroma except in certain areas whose significance is discussed. By immunocytochemistry, anterior and posterior regions of the stroma were found to be richer in chondroitin sulphate than the middle part, whereas keratan sulphate showed an homogeneous distribution throughout the stroma. Glycosaminoglycans were also detected in corneal basement membranes, epithelium and endothelium. The latter localizations are discussed in the light of what is known at present about the production of glycosaminoglycans by corneal cells. PMID- 3238690 TI - Topography of the rat blood-testis barrier after intratubular administration of intercellular tracers. AB - Intratubular injection of electron-opaque tracers (lanthanum hydroxide, peroxidase) by micromanipulation showed that the intercellular spaces of the adluminal compartment are in continuity with the lumen of the rat seminiferous tubule at all stages of the spermatogenic cycle. This continuity involves the intercellular spaces which surround zygotene spermatocytes and late leptotene spermatocytes in stages X-XI. The present observations would seem to cast doubt on the real existence of a third compartment, or intermediate compartment, in the seminiferous epithelium. In the material which, in addition to intratubular administration, had been treated with intravascular tracer perfusion, we found the presence of a parabasal region of interSertoli junctions where the tracer stopped whatever its direction. Freeze-fracture replicas exhibit interSertoli tight junctions arranged, from basal lamina to lumen, in three well-defined patterns: in the most basal area, which is the zone of free penetration of tracers from the peritubular environment, junctions are very sparse or absent; a belt of closely apposed continuous and parallel junctions, also parallel to the basal lamina, is the exclusion zone which prevents tracer penetration from either direction; the most apical membrane areas display irregularly arranged, loosely spaced and frequently interrupted rows of particles, most tending to be perpendicular to the basal lamina. This area corresponds to the territory where the intraluminally injected tracer permeates the interSertoli space. PMID- 3238691 TI - A study on the cytoplasmic granules of the pericardial gland cells of some bivalve molluscs. AB - The pericardial glands of three bivalve molluscs are composed of convoluted epithelium that appears as pouches on the auricles of Mytilus and as tubules in the connective tissue at the anterior-lateral sides of the pericardial cavity of Mercenaria and Anodonta. The pericardial gland cells are attached to each other by many randomly placed desmosome-like cell junctions and gap junctions. Belt desmosomes that are characteristic of epithelial cells were not observed. The basal membrane of these cells is invaginated producing complex interdigitating cytoplasmic processes and filtration slits. The pericardial gland cells stain for the presence of iron with Prussian blue stain. Electron-dense and electron-lucent granules of various diameters are present in the cytoplasm. Many electron-dense granules contain ferritin-like particles in which the presence of iron has been demonstrated by microanalysis. It is suggested that these particles are the iron storage protein ferritin since they contain iron, and are water soluble, heat stable, and morphologically similar to mammalian ferritin. Ferritin particles are probably both synthesized and broken down by the pericardial gland cells; thus the pericardial gland cells may be involved in iron homeostasis in these molluscs. PMID- 3238692 TI - Sequential structural changes in the fat body of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, during the fifth larval stadium. AB - Light and electron microscopy revealed a series of structural changes that occur in the fat body of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, during the fifth, i.e. the final, larval stadium. At each developmental stage studied, the cells of the fat body were homogeneous in structure. We found no evidence suggesting the presence of more than one type of fat body cell. Our structural data are consistent with published observations on biochemical activities of M. sexta fat body at particular developmental stages. Specific points of agreement include: (a) acquisition of Golgi complex (GC) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) concomitant with the time of major protein production; (b) loss of many cellular organelles (such as GC and RER) as protein production drastically decreases; (c) accumulation of protein granules and urate granules after the onset of wandering (i.e. during the pre-pupal period); (d) accumulation of lipid and glycogen throughout the feeding period. In addition we found that (a) the plasma membrane reticular system (PMRS) developed during the period when protein secretion was great; (b) the PMRS was lost abruptly at the onset of wandering; and (c) the nucleus changed in shape from being roughly spherical to elliptoid in the pre pupal stage. We found that the structure of M. sexta fat body is similar to that published for other Lepidoptera. However, it differs from that of Heliothis zea in that regional differences are not obviously apparent. PMID- 3238693 TI - Application of computer-assisted gait training (CAGT) program for hemiparetic stroke patients: a preliminary report. AB - Thirteen hemiparetic stroke patients (experimental group) underwent the recently developed CAGT program during the early recovery phase, and their functional gain in walking capacity was compared with 17 other stroke patients (control group) being prescribed the conventional gait training program. Results showed that the recovery process of maximum walking speed after a stroke fitted the hyperbolic function in the experimental group and furthermore, the maximum walking speed that might be attained could be higher in the experimental than the control group. The CAGT program makes it possible to analyze and predict gait capacity, i.e., maximum walking speed, and to increase the functional gain of patients during early intensive physical therapy. PMID- 3238694 TI - Isolated dog hearts prepared in cold tyrode solution and reperfused with arterial blood are functionally and ultrastructurally normal. AB - Isolated dog whole heart preparations run by means of cross-circulation with support dogs were prepared in two different ways. In one way the donors' hearts were quickly removed, and cannulation of their major vessels, insertion of a latex balloon into the left ventricle, etc. were all done in cold Tyrode solution in the condition of heart-anoxia within 30 min and then reperfused with arterial blood of support dogs (Group A). In the other, cannulation of the major vessels of the donors' hearts were done in the state of "beating heart" (Group B). In these two kinds of preparations we compared basal cardio-coronary measurements (coronary blood flow, left ventricular pressure (LVP), its first derivative (LV dP/dt) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and ultrastructure of the myocardium at various periods of the experiments. There were no significant differences in these cardio-coronary measurements and ultrastructural findings. Furthermore, Group A preparations kept stable levels of cardio-coronary measurements for 5 hr or more and responded normally to isoproterenol. Therefore, isolated, blood-perfused dog whole hearts prepared in cold Tyrode solution and reperfused by means of the cross-circulation method would be useful for physiological, pharmacological and biochemical studies. PMID- 3238695 TI - The effect of sustained stellate ganglion stimulation on left ventricular contractility in the dog. AB - Although a progressive reduction in left ventricular contractility during sustained left stellate ganglion stimulation has been well documented, there have been no reports on the contractile state after nerve stimulation. Left ventricular contractility after cessation of 60 min of electrical (10 V. 10 Hz. 1 msec) left stellate ganglion stimulation has been assessed in open chest dogs. Before and 15 min after stimulation, left ventricular contractility was evaluated by the end-systolic pressure-segment length relationship using ultrasonic crystals during a stepwise aortic constriction to increase left ventricular afterload. Restimulation of the left stellate ganglion was also performed 15 min after cessation of the first stimulation. After sustained left stellate ganglion stimulation, the end-systolic points shifted to the right from the control and the slope of multiple pressure-segment length coordinates significantly decreased (102.5 +/- 16.1 to 76.5 +/- 10.2 mmHg/mm, mean +/- S.E., p less than 0.05, n = 5), indicating a depression of left ventricular contractility. Increased left ventricular dP/dt max and norepinephrine level in the coronary sinus gradually returned to near base line during 60 min of stimulation. These reduced responses lasted for at least 15 min after cessation of stimulation. The myocardial norepinephrine content was reduced to 0.59 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- S.E.) ng/mg wet tissue from 0.90 +/- 0.15 of the control level (p less than 0.05). These data suggested that left ventricular contractility decreased after sustained cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation, probably due to norepinephrine reduction in the myocardium. PMID- 3238696 TI - Power spectral analysis of photic driving elicited by flickering dot pattern and red flicker stimuli in adult psychiatric outpatients--with special reference to age and gender. AB - Power spectrum of photic driving elicited by 5/sec flickering dot pattern (FDP) and 5/sec red flicker (RF) stimuli was investigated in 137 psychiatric outpatients. They consisted of 61 adults (33 males and 28 females) from 20 to 44 years of age, 55 preseniles (25 males and 30 females) from 45 to 64 years and 21 seniles (9 males and 12 females) over 65 years of age. Powers of 5 and 10/sec photic driving elicited by FDP and RF stimuli were greater than those of the other higher harmonics and increased significantly with age. When such a finding was compared in relation to gender, significant increase of power with age was found for 5 and 10/sec photic driving elicited by both stimuli in females, whereas it was found only for 5/sec photic driving elicited by RF stimulation in males. Our findings suggest that the visual system of older female patients is very responsive not only to patterned stimuli but also to red flicker stimulation. PMID- 3238697 TI - Characterization of peptidylglycine alpha-amidating activities in rat pituitary, brain and small intestine using glycine-extended C-terminal analogues of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide as substrate. AB - Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating activities from rat pituitary, brain and small intestine were compared, utilizing C-terminal analogues of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), D-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Gly and D-Tyr-Asn-Gly, and C-terminal analogue of alpha-MSH, D-Tyr-Val-Gly. The three tissues had enzymic activities capable of converting the glycine-extended peptides to the corresponding alpha-amidated ones. In other words, all of three peptides could serve as substrates for the enzymes from both neural and gastrointestinal tissues. The activities were stimulated in the presence of copper and ascorbate; the optimal concentration of each cofactor was roughly equal for the three enzymes; similar pH profiles (a neutral pH optimum at 6.5-7 and another one at 8-8.5) were also observed. Desamide VIP-Gly was proved to be a potent inhibitor of the alpha-amidating activities from the tissues, but VIP was not, indicating that the alpha-amidating enzymes from these tissues in common have a recognition site for the C-terminal glycine of the glycine-extended precursor regardless of the length and nature of the sequence. No fundamental differences were observed between the catalytic properties of the alpha-amidating activities from these three tissues, raising the possibility that similar enzymes, which may or may not be a single species, are functioning in tissues that produce alpha-amidated polypeptides in vivo. PMID- 3238698 TI - Bistramide A, a new toxin from the urochordata Lissoclinum bistratum Sluiter: isolation and preliminary characterization. AB - Two cases of human intoxication caused by the lyophilized powder of Lissoclinum bistratum Sluiter, a New Caledonian ascidian, are reported. The symptoms observed were caused by a substance designated bistramide A (C40H68N2O8) of hitherto unknown chemical structure. Preliminary toxicological investigations indicate that bistramide A may effect the central nervous system, leading to paresthesia and loss of muscle tone. A progressive decrease in cardiac rhythm was also observed in animals. Bistramide A (1.4 x 10(-6) M) did not alter the resting potential of frog heart and skeletal muscle but reduced the amplitude and duration of cardiac action potential and prolonged the interval between action potentials. Bistramide A also has a marked cytotoxic effect on cancer cells KB (IC50 = 4.5 x 10(-8) M) and P 388 (IC50 = 2.0 x 10(-8) M) and on normal endothelial cells (IC50 = 2.2 x 10(-8) M). However, it has not been possible to relate the cytotoxic property to the symptoms of intoxication. Bistramide A may originate from the urochordate itself or from symbiotic algae. PMID- 3238699 TI - Effect of chemical modification with p-bromophenacyl bromide on the enzymatic and lethal properties of phospholipase A2 from Bothrops alternatus (Vibora de la Cruz) venom. AB - The effects on lethal potency and enzymatic activity were determined following alkylation, with p-bromophenacyl bromide, of the acidic toxic phospholipase A2 from Bothrops alternatus. The modified B. alternatus enzyme, which lost its enzymatic activity, retained considerable toxicity. Histopathologic studies on mice have demonstrated features similar to those of the native enzyme. However, the distribution of the damage was different and the survival time was longer. It is concluded that the enzyme activity is not important for the lethal action of the enzyme although it influences the distribution of the damage and survival time. PMID- 3238700 TI - Development of a rapid and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring venom antigens after an experimental snake bite. AB - We describe a new ELISA which allows the measurement of the concentration of venom antigens in whole blood. The assay can be performed in less than 20 min and requires a 200 microliters sample of blood. It allows the accurate evaluation of concentrations of Vipera ammodytes venom in quantities smaller than 1 ng/ml of blood. Using this ELISA, we were able to follow in rabbits the kinetics of experimental envenomation with non-lethal doses of venom. This ELISA was also used to measure post mortem the level of venom antigens in various tissues such as liver, kidney, muscles and abdominal serosity of a rabbit. The method, which might be adapted to measure envenomation by other snake species, seems to be sufficiently rapid and sensitive to allow routine evaluation of the gravity of a snake bite in humans and to estimate the efficacy of immunotherapy. PMID- 3238701 TI - Effect of venom sac extract of the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis) on coagulation factors. AB - Venom sac extract of the Oriental hornet significantly prolongs the prothrombin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time both in vitro in human plasma and in vivo in cats. Activity of factors VIII and IX in plasma is reduced to less than 1% within 5 min even with 1 microgram of venom sac extract per ml. The activity of purified factor VIII, as well as semipurified factors IX and X, in factor IX complex was also significantly reduced after incubation with the venom. The decrease of factors II, V, VII, X, XI and XII activity to 9%, 11%, 11%, 29%, 1.7% and 0.7% of normal, respectively, is dose- and time-dependent. Thrombin time, plasma fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products are not affected. The anticoagulant activity is not reversed by dialysis and is abolished completely by heating; it resides mainly in fractions with mol.wts above 5000. The venom has a proteolytic activity on 14C-globin which is partially inhibited by trasylol and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Thus, the venom sac extract exhibits both serine and metaloprotease activities which may affect the activity of the plasma coagulation factors. PMID- 3238703 TI - Physiological and biochemical properties of a kallikrein-like enzyme from the venom of Vipera aspis aspis (aspic viper). AB - A kallikrein-like enzyme was isolated from the venom of Vipera aspis aspis by Sephadex G-75, Q-Sepharose and Heparin-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The purified enzyme is a glycoprotein with a mol. wt of 43,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.1. The enzyme possesses arginine ester hydrolase activity, but no proteolytic activity against either dimethylcasein or fibrinogen. The reaction mixture of the enzyme and bovine plasma induced contraction of the isolated rat uterus, suggesting that the enzyme releases kinin from the plasma constituent. The amount of enzyme, which releases an equal amount of kinin corresponding to 1 nmole of bradykinin per min, is 2.36 mg. Additionally, the kallikrein-like enzyme demonstrated capillary permeability-increasing activity and hypotensive activity. A synthetic kininogen analog, Ser-Leu-Met-Lys-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg Ser-Val-Gln-Val-Ser, was cleaved by the enzyme to release bradykinin and kallidin, also indicating that the enzyme has a kallikrein-like activity. Uterine contraction, capillary permeability-increasing activity and arginine ester hydrolase activity were inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, suggesting that the serine hydroxyl group is essential for enzymatic and biological activities. Antithrombin III and heparin, serine-protease inhibitors found in plasma had no inhibitory effect on these activities of the purified enzyme. The amino acid sequence of the NH2 terminal region of the enzyme has similarities with kallikrein-like enzymes from other snake venoms and with porcine pancreatic kallikrein. PMID- 3238702 TI - Kinetics of hemolysis induced by a toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. AB - The kinetics of hemolysis resulting from the action on rabbit erythrocytes of a highly purified cytolytic toxin (26,000 mol. wt) isolated from a spore-crystal mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was studied. Course of hemolysis, as determined by release of hemoglobin, yielded sigmoid curves whose maximum slopes were taken as a measure of the rate of lysis. Hemolysis occurred without an induction period, and the rate of lysis was a linear function of toxin concentration. Rate of hemolysis as a function of temperature yielded an Arrhenius constant of 9300 calories per mole. The toxin was active between pH 4.5 and 8.0. Lysis was strongly inhibited by Cu2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ in concentrations as low as 0.025 M. Phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin inhibited lysis, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine, cerebroside, cholesterol and major integral erythrocyte membrane proteins caused little or no inhibition. Inhibition of lysis by sucrose indicates that hemolysis is of the colloid-osmotic type. PMID- 3238704 TI - Purification and crystallization of hemorrhagic factor, HR2b, from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu). AB - The hemorrhagic factor, HR2b, was purified from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu) by a combination of gel filtration, cation exchange column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The purified HR2b was homogeneous by the criteria of ultracentrifugation and SDS-disc electrophoresis. The mol. wt of HR2b was 18,000 and 18,500 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 and by SDS-disc electrophoresis, respectively, indicating a monomer structure for the hemorrhagic factor. Crystals of HR2b, taking the form of thin plates, were obtained in the presence of ammonium sulfate. PMID- 3238705 TI - Efficacy of delayed administration of crotalid antivenom and crystalloid fluids. AB - Clinical and research reports suggest that the efficacy of antivenom declines when its administration is delayed after envenomation. A controlled sequential trial was performed comparing the efficacy of three treatments to untreated controls when applied 1 hr after subcutaneous injection of rats with Crotalus atrox venom. Survival was decreased in all groups when treatment was delayed for 1 hr. Survival was highest in animals treated with both antivenom and saline, followed by antivenom alone, saline alone and then untreated animals. PMID- 3238706 TI - Purification of a lethal fraction from the venom of the weever fish, Trachinus vipera C.V. AB - We report the purification of a lethal fraction of Weever fish venom using preparative electrophoresis. It was found to be composed of four identical subunits with an overall mol. wt of approximately 324,000. A 20 g mouse was killed instantly by an i.v. injection of 2 micrograms. PMID- 3238707 TI - [Use of multiple-component ointments on a hydrophilic base for treating suppurative inflammatory processes of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3238709 TI - [The prognosis of infectious-inflammatory complications in patients with mandibular fractures]. PMID- 3238708 TI - [Use of dimethyl sulfoxide in the combined treatment of the exacerbation of chronic parenchymatous parotitis]. PMID- 3238711 TI - [A method for treating mandibular prognathism]. PMID- 3238710 TI - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of cystic formations of the mandible]. PMID- 3238712 TI - [The deformation and strain parameters in endosseous implantation]. PMID- 3238713 TI - [The potentials of zonography of the visceral cranium]. PMID- 3238714 TI - [The semeiotics of psychopathological syndromes in dental patients with stomatalgia (glossalgia)]. PMID- 3238715 TI - [Intercellular relationships in the dynamic development and maturation of granular tissue in suppurative wounds of the maxillofacial area studied by correlation analysis]. PMID- 3238716 TI - [The circulatory system and the adequacy of general anesthesia methods in surgical interventions on patients with facial skeletal deformities]. PMID- 3238717 TI - [Use of a propolis-containing paste for filling root canals in the treatment of pulpitis]. PMID- 3238718 TI - [Experience with using metal-ceramic dentures in sagittal bite anomalies]. PMID- 3238719 TI - [Dental involvement and the status of the periodontal tissues in children with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3238720 TI - [Causes of congenital maxillary anomalies in children]. PMID- 3238721 TI - [Reflexotherapy of alveolitis by using helium-neon laser radiation]. PMID- 3238722 TI - [Choice of the method for closing the hard palate defect in conservative uranoplasty]. PMID- 3238723 TI - [The incidence of congenital clefts of the upper lip and palate in the Bashkir ASSR]. PMID- 3238724 TI - [The dentist in Africa]. PMID- 3238725 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the mandibular condyle]. PMID- 3238726 TI - [Film holder for intraoral dental roentgenography]. PMID- 3238727 TI - [Burkitt's lymphoma]. PMID- 3238728 TI - [An analysis of the reasons for removing teeth in a polyclinic surgical department]. PMID- 3238729 TI - [An apparatus for the active-passive mechanotherapy of the jaws]. PMID- 3238730 TI - [Use of a drain made from polyvinyl formal foam in treating phlegmons and abscesses of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3238732 TI - [Systematization of abscesses and phlegmons of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3238731 TI - [Mandibular fracture with an atypical complication]. PMID- 3238733 TI - [Use of portable thermal-infusion dosage devices (DF-1) for the regional intra arterial administration of antibiotics in the combined treatment of patients with inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3238734 TI - Postoperative pain control: solving a long-standing problem. PMID- 3238735 TI - A full service laser center. PMID- 3238736 TI - Hope I'm a better patient advocate. Mixed postoperative treatment heightens nurse's awareness. PMID- 3238737 TI - Unnatural causes: the three leading causes of mortality in America. Proceedings of a symposium. November 20-21, 1987, Philadelphia. PMID- 3238738 TI - Prospects for the drug treatment of cancer. PMID- 3238739 TI - Injuries in America: a national disaster. PMID- 3238740 TI - Care of the injured in America: organizational and physiological considerations. PMID- 3238741 TI - The spectrum of health: matching medical education to medical realities. PMID- 3238742 TI - The epidemiologist's perspective: looking toward the twenty-first century. PMID- 3238743 TI - Is this the way we want to die? PMID- 3238744 TI - Experimental and clinical atherosclerosis: their experimental reversal. PMID- 3238745 TI - Reflections on sudden cardiac death: brain and heart. PMID- 3238746 TI - Of light bulbs and wine glasses: risk factors and mortality trends. PMID- 3238747 TI - High resolution NMR in vivo. PMID- 3238748 TI - What are the requisites for a model transport analog? PMID- 3238749 TI - Dynamic spatial distribution of proteins in the cell. PMID- 3238750 TI - Biophysics: whence it came, where it's going. PMID- 3238751 TI - Cap recognition and the entry of mRNA into the protein synthesis initiation cycle. PMID- 3238752 TI - The structural motif of beta-lactoglobulin and retinol-binding protein: a basic framework for binding and transport of small hydrophobic molecules? PMID- 3238753 TI - Early nucleic acid chemistry. PMID- 3238754 TI - Toxigenics: strategic cell death in the embryo. PMID- 3238755 TI - Genetics of atherosclerosis and plasma lipoproteins in mice. PMID- 3238756 TI - PCR as a rapid screening method for transgenic mice. PMID- 3238757 TI - Regeneration of Streptomyces lividans protoplasts on media containing antibacterial and antifungal agents. PMID- 3238758 TI - Effect of NaOH on hybridization efficiency of southern-transferred DNA. PMID- 3238759 TI - Pathogenesis-related proteins in plants. PMID- 3238760 TI - Ethidium bromide and safety--readers suggest alternative solutions. PMID- 3238761 TI - Inter-tissue variability of polytene chromosome banding patterns. PMID- 3238762 TI - Vacuum blotting enhances nucleic acid transfer. PMID- 3238763 TI - Enigmatic fragile sites on human chromosomes. PMID- 3238764 TI - Effect of NaOH on hybridization efficiency of DNA. PMID- 3238765 TI - Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are involved in RNA splicing in fungal mitochondria. PMID- 3238766 TI - A method for mounting specimens for scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 3238767 TI - Observations on antibody levels associated with active and passive immunity to African horse sickness. AB - Tests for neutralising (NT) antibodies to the nine serotypes of African horse sickness (AHS) virus on the sera of three groups of horses confirmed that an increasing number of immunisations with vaccine containing attenuated strains of serotypes 1 to 6 of the virus, leads to broader response to the various serotypes and to higher individual titres. Nevertheless some horses failed to respond to one or more serotypes despite receiving numerous immunisations and it was clear that vaccine containing only serotypes 1 to 6 could not be relied upon to induce adequate cross-immunity to serotypes 7 to 9 of the virus. Highest antibody titres and broadest cross-reactivity were recorded in a fourth group of horses which had apparently suffered natural infection recently. The levels of antibody acquired from colostrum by seven foals generally correlated well with the levels of antibody in the sera of their dams and the rate of decline of passively acquired antibody was proportional to initial titre. Antibodies to individual serotypes of virus declined to undetectable levels in two to four months from birth in some instances implying that susceptibility to infection could occur well before the age of six to nine months which is commonly recommended for initial immunisation. Vaccination of eight foals at three to four months of age resulted in weak antibody response but did not adversely affect pre-existing low levels of maternal antibody so that early immunisation could be recommended as a means for attempting to control the losses of foals experienced in Zimbabwe. PMID- 3238768 TI - Harmattan--a predisposing factor in the spread of viral diseases in domestic animals. PMID- 3238769 TI - Incorporation of grass silage, whole cereal grains, cassava and cottonseed meal into diets of rabbits kept in a simulated tropical environment. AB - The growth and feed conversion of rabbits fed either grass silage or whole grains and supplementary pelleted concentrate of cassava/cottonseed diets were investigated. Poor quality grass silage (pH 4.9) was almost completely rejected by young rabbits initially fed either 17.8 g or 35.5 g DM/day of a supplementary concentrate. Rabbits on the lower level of concentrate provision lost 0.35 g liveweight per day. Rabbits initially weighing 1.77 kg fed complete pelleted diets containing 667 g/kg maize or 667 g/kg sorghum showed improved daily liveweight gains (22.6 g) over rabbits fed whole grains and pelleted supplements (19.4 g) in an experiment lasting 40 days. In a second experiment there were no significant effects of pelleting or type of cereal on liveweight gain or feed conversion ratio. Pelleting significantly improved crude protein digestibility of diets whilst maize diets were superior in DM, organic matter and crude protein digestibilities. The inclusion of cottonseed meal containing 700 mg/kg free gossypol in diets at levels of 150 and 300 g/kg did not affect growth rate or feed conversion in rabbits weighing 0.92 kg initially. These diets contained up to 364 g/kg cassava suggesting that this ingredient can be used in rabbit diets as an energy source in replacement for whole grains. PMID- 3238770 TI - Productivity of the small East African goat and its crosses with the Anglo-Nubian and the Alpine in Rwanda. AB - Data from a research station in the central African country of Rwanda relating to purebred Small East African (SEA) goats, Anglo-Nubian x SEA and Alpine x SEA goats were analysed. Both SEA (598 days) and Alpine crosses (557 days) were younger at first kidding than the Anglo-Nubian crosses (766 days). There were no differences among genotypes in kidding interval which averaged 343 days nor did they differ in litter size (1.75). Mortality to 150 days (17.8%) was significantly higher in the Anglo-Nubian crosses than in Alpine crosses with the SEA being intermediate and not differing from either. Birth weights of individual kids were significantly lighter for purebred SEA (2.35 kg) than for Anglo-Nubians (2.68 kg) which were significantly lighter than the Alpine crosses (2.89 kg). Total litter weight at 150 days was significantly lower for SEA (14.5 kg) than for Alpine (18.8 kg), the Anglo-Nubian (16.9 kg) not differing significantly from either. Female postpartum weights differed significantly among genotypes, SEA being lightest (37.5 kg), Alpine crosses (42.1 kg) intermediate and Anglo-Nubian crosses (51.4 kg) heaviest. Productivity indices (total weight of live young at 150 days per kg of dam per year) averaged 442 g and did not differ among genotypes. PMID- 3238771 TI - Aspects of ruminant production efficiency in Transkei. AB - This paper discusses aspects of efficiency of ruminant production in Transkei. Findings show low levels of production and reproduction and high mortality rates in a situation of deteriorating natural resources due to mismanagement and overstocking. PMID- 3238772 TI - Field studies on animal trypanosomiasis in Mozambique. I. Effectiveness of the prophylactic drugs isometamidium chloride and pyrithidium bromide. AB - The efficacy of the trypanocides Samorin and Prothidium to protect beef cattle in areas of different trypanosome challenge was studied in Muabsa, Mozambique during an 18 month period. The performance of two groups of 1.5- to 3-year old bulls was observed, the first group in an area of high tsetse density, the second in an area of low to medium tsetse density. Glossina morsitans and G. pallidipes were present and their respective densities were determined using standard fly rounds, a mobile electric screen and biconical traps. The trypanosome challenge was determined using parameters of tsetse density and infection rates; the trypanosome risk was determined by Berenil Indices in both groups of animals. The Berenil Indices in the two study areas were not significantly different despite a great difference in apparent densities of the tsetse flies. The period of protection afforded by Samorin and Prothidium was similar in both areas which would appear to indicate that the tsetse density had no apparent effect on the degree of challenge. Samorin gave a slightly better protection than Prothidium as shown by a lower frequency of infections as well as higher packed cell volumes. There was no difference in growth rates between the treatment groups and study areas during the entire study period. It was concluded that in the study area Samorin usage is preferable to that of Prothidium. Tsetse densities obtained from standard fly rounds were found unsatisfactory in assessing the challenge, possibly because this method does not sample all components of the population. The Berenil Index, however, was found to be a useful indicator of trypanosome risk and thus frequency of treatment required. PMID- 3238773 TI - Effectiveness of parvaquone in cattle infected with Theileria annulata. AB - Parvaquone was used in 13 cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Blood smears and lymph node biopsy smears were taken, stained and examined for the presence of the piroplasm and schizont stages of the parasite respectively. Smears were examined before and on the third, fifth and seventh day after commencement of therapy. Two doses of parvaquone were injected in the neck intramuscularly at 10 mg/kg bodyweight at 48 hour intervals. Of the 13 cattle treated 11 were discharged in fairly good condition and two died of tropical theileriosis on the sixth day after commencement of treatment. PMID- 3238774 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using solubilised antigen for detection of antibodies to Anaplasma marginale. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies against Anaplasma marginale. A marginale bodies were separated from parasitised erythrocytes by a modified nitrogen decompression method, sonicated, then solubilised with Triton X-100 and used as the ELISA antigen. In this ELISA system the required amount of antigen protein was 16.2 ng for each well. In the course of experimental infections, of calves, significant antibody levels were detected by ELISA and the complement fixation test (CFT) at almost the same time. Antibodies against A. marginale were detectable for longer periods using the ELISA than using the CFT. Sera from calves infected with Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B. ovata, Theileria sergenti and Eperythrozoon wenyoni gave no reaction; however, antisera against A. centrale did react with the A. marginale ELISA antigen. PMID- 3238776 TI - Prevalence of Brucella antibodies in four animal species in the Sultanate of Oman. PMID- 3238775 TI - Pyrethroid impregnated ear tags in trypanosomiasis control. PMID- 3238777 TI - [Protocol of an etiologic survey: analysis of the data]. PMID- 3238778 TI - [Rare sites of vegetation in infectious endocarditis: apropos of 6 cases]. PMID- 3238779 TI - [Thymoma: evaluation of clinical staging in the development of a therapeutic strategy. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 3238780 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinemia in children. Apropos of 6 cases]. PMID- 3238781 TI - [Guillain-Barre syndrome secondary to hepatitis B (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 3238782 TI - [Reflections on the treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3238783 TI - [Single-dose treatment of acute bronchitis]. PMID- 3238784 TI - [Thrombolysis in myocardial infarct (apropos of 4 cases)]. PMID- 3238785 TI - [Clinico-biological profile of systemic scleroderma apropos of 25 cases]. PMID- 3238786 TI - [Treatment of edematous diabetic retinopathy (apropos of 51 cases)]. PMID- 3238787 TI - [Ophthalmologic ability in military aviation (apropos of 359 cases)]. PMID- 3238788 TI - [Results of an exercise test in 62 cases of normal coronarography]. PMID- 3238789 TI - [Cardiovascular manifestations in Friedreich's disease]. PMID- 3238790 TI - [Miliary tuberculosis. Current aspects]. PMID- 3238791 TI - [Cytophotometry]. PMID- 3238792 TI - [Toward the better use of antibiotics]. PMID- 3238793 TI - [Identification of transcortin-synthesizing polyribosomes in the rat liver]. AB - Transcortin biosynthesis in rats has been examined using liver slices technique. The incorporation of [14C]-labelled amino acids into the anti-transcortin precipitable material of liver slices has been measured and compared with that of serum transcortin. It was shown that liver synthesized transcortin with an apparent molecular weight of 66 kDa on SDS-electrophoresis which co-migrated with authentic rat serum transcortin. In order to determine an intracellular distribution of transcortin-synthesizing polyribosomes, the binding character of [125J] anti-transcortin-IgG to free and membrane-bound rat liver polyribosomes has been studied. It was shown that after incubation of [125J] anti-transcortin IgG with liver membrane-bound polyribosomes, the radioactivity was associated with the discrete polyribosome fraction in the heavy polyribosome region. In similar experiments the radioactivity of [125J] anti-transcortin-IgG bound to free polyribosomes was distributed throughout the polyribosome region. PMID- 3238794 TI - [Lysophospholipase activity in mitochondrial membranes of the rat liver]. AB - Changes in the amount of phospholipids and lysophospholipids of mitochondria and their fragments have been studied under long-term heat incubation. A discrepancy is found between a decrease in the content of phospholipids as a result of their hydrolysis by mitochondrial phospholipase A2 and accumulation of the corresponding lysoderivatives. Data are presented which show that all this is a result of lysoderivatives splitting by lysophospholipase A. The activity of this enzyme is observed in incubation of intact mitochondria, their "ghosts" as well as fractions of the external and internal mitochondrial membranes. It is shown that lysophospholipase A is able to hydrolyze both endogenic and exogenic substrates. The enzyme is active at pH 6.0, lysocardiolipin being the most preferable substrate. PMID- 3238795 TI - [The effect of temperature acclimation on NADP-dependent dehydrogenase activity in the carp liver and various mechanisms of its regulation]. AB - Acclimation of carp both to the temperature fall (from 20 to 5 degrees C) and rise (from 20 to 30 degrees C) induces an increase in activity of cytoplasmic liver NADPH-generating enzymes--glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDG) and malic-enzyme (ME) 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDG) and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDG) activities are unchanged. Actinomycin D does not prevent cold activation of G6PDG but blocks activation of ME. "Warm" G6PDG has minimal Km value for glucose-6-phosphate and "warm" ME has minimal Km value for glucose-6 phosphate and "warm" ME has minimal Km value for malate at 25 degrees C "Cold" G6PDG and ME have the warmest Km values at 5 degrees C. Isozyme composition of cytoplasmic G6PDG (2 bands with Rf 0.16 and 0.20) does not change within the limits of 5-30 degrees C. The prolactin action on G6PDG and ME is similar to the effect of cold acclimation (activity increases Km value decreases, isozyme pattern (for G6PDG) remains unchanged). It is supposed that activation of G6PDG and ME during cold adaptation may be a result of the prolactin action on substrate-binding ability without changes in the enzyme biosynthesis and isozyme pattern. PMID- 3238796 TI - [A model of tissue thromboplastin]. AB - The molecular structure of the human brain tissue thromboplastin was studied by the method of NMR-31P and 1H using the shifting reagent. Molecular model of the tissue thromboplastin is suggested. According to the model only 10-20% of polar phosphate-containing heads are exposed outside. Phospholipids located deeper form hexagonal (HII) cylinders which may consist only of lipids or of complexes with proteins. PMID- 3238797 TI - [The effect of potassium ferricyanide and copper (II) ions on the properties of immobilized galactose oxidase]. AB - Preparations of galactosooxidase (EC 1.1.3.9) immobilized by activated aminorganosilica have been used to study potassium ferricyanide and bivalent copper ions on the enzyme activity and stability in continuous reactor under pulse conditions. Introduction of potassium ferricyanide is shown to activate the enzyme and inconsiderably affecting its stability with the substrate absent and inducing inactivation of galactosooxidase in the process of catalytic reaction. Cu2+ ions, exerting no effect on the activity of immobilized galactosooxidase, evoke the enzyme inactivation in the process of catalysis. PMID- 3238798 TI - [Anticholinesterase activity of alkyl esters of perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids]. AB - It has been demonstrated that esters (RO)2P(O)X and RO(R1)P(O)X where R and R1 alkyls, X-CF3 or C2F5, irreversibly inhibited cholinesterases. Their inhibitory effect increased with the elongation of alkyl radicals from CH3- to C4H9-, being more evident with respect to butyrylcholinesterase from horse serum than to acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes. It is shown that the concept on inability of esters of thiophosphoric acids to inhibit cholinesterases due to the fact that thionic sulphur (P-S) does not form a strong hydrogen bonds, cannot be applied to esters of perfluorothiophosphonic acids: (C2H5O)2P(S)CF3 inhibits cholinesterases more efficiently than (C2H5O)2P(O)CF3. One of the fluoric atoms probably forms hydrogen bond with the corresponding site of the active centre in cholinesterases, similar to phosphorylic oxygen (P-O) in case of the enzyme inhibition by esters of phosphoric acids. PMID- 3238799 TI - [Antivitamin activity of O-acyloxythiamine disulfides]. AB - B1-antivitamin activity of symmetrical oxythiamine disulphide esters with succinic and o-phthalic acids has been studied in experiments on albino mice. It is shown that O-acyloxythiamine disulphides exert more profound and prolonged inhibitory effect on the transketolase activity in the animal body in comparison with the known antagonist of vitamin B1, oxythiamine, and the initial oxythiamine disulphide. PMID- 3238800 TI - [The role of vitamin A in the functioning of Golgi apparatus]. AB - Vitamin A participation in the Golgi complex functioning has been studied using the mucosa intermediate area of the chicken glandular stomach as a model. It is shown that in case of A-avitaminosis the electrophoretic profile of soluble proteins of mucosa and [I-14C]acetate and Na2(35)SO4 incorporation into it do not change, while in a secretion all these parameters are highly changed. Four glycoproteins are isolated from the mucous secretion, they differ in solubility in 6% perchloric acid and in staining by kumassi and alcine blue. These data and those obtained before underlie the conclusion that the effect of vitamin A on the secretion formation is realized on the level of the Golgi complex function. PMID- 3238801 TI - [Lipid and protein composition of membranes and carbohydrate metabolism in rats subjected to bilateral adrenalectomy; correction of disorders by vitamins K and E]. AB - Experiments in rats have confirmed that fractional composition of membrane (mitochondria, erythrocytes) phospholipids changes under adrenalectomy conditions. These changes are accompanied by disturbances in quantitative composition and correlation of basic phospholipid fractions (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol and its ether). While investigating the content of integral proteins and lipoproteins under adrenalectomy conditions changes in absolute composition and correlation of fractions are observed. Additional injection of vitamins K and E to adrenalectomized animals prevented these disturbances. Changes of main biomembrane structural components (mitochondria, erythrocytes) were accompanied by changes in the direction of metabolism. PMID- 3238802 TI - [The effect of acetoacetate on 3-hydroxybutyrate oxidation by rat liver mitochondria]. AB - Effect of acetoacetate on 3-hydroxybutyrate oxidation by rat liver mitochondria is described. State 3 respiration is inhibited by acetoacetate, while state 4 respiration is not inhibited, though cytochrome c reduction was decreased. Acetoacetate is also non-competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxybutyrateoxidase and 3 hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity in frozen-thawed mitochondria. The results are discussed in terms of the thermodynamic hypothesis and control strength method. PMID- 3238803 TI - [The effect of alpha-tocopherol on pulmonary surfactants]. AB - Tocopherol deficiency in the rat organism stimulates activation of lipid peroxidation: the content of hydroperoxides in blood and surfactants of lungs tends to increase, the superweak glow of surfactant lipids enhances. In this case the surface activity of lung surfactants is lower than in the control. It also gets lower in hypervitaminosis rats. The data obtained may be used for development of approaches to the tocopherol (antioxidant) correlation of the lung surfactant system functioning. PMID- 3238804 TI - [A study of membrane glycoproteins from the rat brain using D-galactose-specific lectin]. AB - Immobilized D-galactose-specific lectin from Zea mais was used to purify rat brain membrane glycoproteins. The membrane glycoproteins preliminarily washed from soluble proteins were solubilized consecutively by 2% triton X-100 and 1% SDS. PAG-electrophoresis with SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol revealed 10 polypeptide bands (Mm 109, 62, 59, 54, 51, 42, 16, 14, 12.5 and 12 kDa) in the membrane fraction of glycoproteins solubilized with triton X-100. Additional solubilization with SDS revealed 3 bands (Mm 109, 62, and 54 kDa). Only 3 polypeptide bands (Mm 62, 59, 42 kDa) were identified when analogous procedure was used for purification of the rat liver glycoproteins. Horse radish peroxidase labelled D-galactose-specific lectin from Zea mais was found to bind to neuron bodies and neurites in the cerebellum. It is suggested that the identified brain specific membrane glycoproteins may take part in the cell adhesion between neurons. PMID- 3238806 TI - Frequent occurrence of microtubuloreticular complexes encountered during routine ultrastructural examination at a children's hospital. AB - Prompted by our impression that microtubuloreticular complexes (MTRC) are frequently observed during electron microscopy at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, we reviewed all specimens submitted for routine ultrastructural examination during a 1-year period. Our impression was confirmed. MTRC were present in a high proportion of cases, especially in vascular endothelium of renal biopsies. As all 9 cases of hepatitis B-associated membranous glomerulonephritis were positive for MTRC, we also reviewed the previous 20 cases with this diagnosis and these were also all positive. Hepatitis B-associated membranous glomerulonephritis is common in our region. MTRC are probably induced by a supposedly uncommon heat labile alpha-interferon. Elevated serum levels of this interferon are known to occur in systemic lupus erythematosus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We propose that children with intercurrent infection in our region frequently respond with alpha interferon, promoting MTRC formation. PMID- 3238807 TI - Surfactant production by neoplastic type II pneumocytes. AB - A bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of type II pneumocyte differentiation with abundant intraluminal secretion, histochemically and histologically mimicking alveolar proteinosis, is described. The tumor was of the diffuse type, involving almost the entire lower lobe of the left lung. The luminal aspect of the cells showed evidence of apocrine secretion. Ultrastructurally, the cells were characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic lamellar bodies. There were occasional cells with intranuclear tubules, and numerous rounded fragments of cytoplasm were present in the lumen as evidence of the apocrine activity. The intraalveolar secretion was composed of lamellar bodies in various stages of dissolution, tubular myelinlike networks characteristic of surfactant, and amorphous, granular material. This is the first reported instance of morphologic demonstration of surfactant secretion by a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. PMID- 3238805 TI - Endolymphatic stromal myosis coexisting with adenocarcinoma of the uterus. AB - Carcinosarcoma of the uterine corpus containing endolymphatic stromal myosis (ESM) is extremely rare. This report describes the light- and electron microscopic findings of ESM coexisting with adenocarcinoma of the uterus in a 58 year-old female. The polypoid tumor originated from the fundus uteri and filled the uterine cavity. In addition to papillary and medullary acinous adenocarcinoma at the apex of the polypoid mass, the major portion of the tumor specimen was composed of cells resembling endometrial stromal cells that infiltrated the myometrium and lymphatic channels, and a diagnosis of ESM was made due to the relative cell uniformity, rare mitoses, and the presence of invasive growth. There have been few reports on the ultrastructure of ESM and endometrial stromal sarcoma, and there are no reports on the ultrastructural difference between these tumors. In addition to the ultrastructural observations of our case, the electron microscopic findings of previous reports are discussed. PMID- 3238808 TI - Ultrastructural appearances of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. AB - The ultrastructure of the cornoid lamella and adjacent epidermis was studied by transmission electron microscopy in seven patients with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP). In the region of the cornoid lamella similar ultrastructural changes were seen in various degrees in all cases. The main changes were seen in various degrees in all cases. The main changes included reduplication of the basal lamina at the dermo-epidermal junction, vacuolar change in the keratinocytes with numerous autophagic vacuoles, glycogen accumulation, dyskeratotic cells, parakeratotic cells containing degraded organelles, and a reduced granular layer. PMID- 3238810 TI - Filamentous bodies in a squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 3238809 TI - Emperipolesis in a case of malignant lymphoma: electron microscopic and immunohistochemical investigation. AB - In the tissue sections of axillary lymph nodes surgically removed from a case of malignant lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's, diffuse, large cell type), many large cells were observed to contain lymphoma cells in their cytoplasm. From the findings of light microscopy in serial sections and electron microscopy, this phenomenon was confirmed to be "emperipolesis." By immunohistochemistry, the large cells that contained lymphoma cells possessed most of the monocyte/macrophage markers, whereas the lymphoma cells revealed some B-cell markers, suggesting that they were of germinal center cell origin. In a survey of the literature, we found no report describing emperipolesis in the tissue sections of malignant lymphoma. Although the precise mechanisms and biological significance of emperipolesis in the present case are not fully understood, the existence of some interactions between macrophages and lymphoma cells is suggested. PMID- 3238811 TI - High-precision tilt stage for the high-voltage electron microscope. AB - The high-voltage electron microscope is used to study thick samples (0.25 to several micrometers) to obtain three-dimensional information at ultrastructural resolution. Three-dimensional image reconstructions are often employed to extract, process and display this information. The sets of images used to form reconstructions must be recorded for precisely known specimen-beam orientations, especially if tomographic methods are employed. The design and operation of a precision (+/- 0.06 degrees) single-tilt stage to support this type of imaging is reported. All motions including two translations, height adjustment and tilting are accomplished via a single objective lens entry port. The specimen rod is supported on two rubber gaskets for vibration isolation, and motorized precision micrometers with encoder readouts for position monitoring drive the motions. The stage is stable to 0.6 nm for at least 16 s and is capable of tilt angles of +/- 70 degrees. PMID- 3238812 TI - The characterization of structural variations within a crystal field. AB - The technique of correlation averaging is refined by the use of multivariate statistical analysis and classification. The refined method can deal with the presence of structural variations within a crystal field. A low-dose image of a crotoxin crystal embedded in ice is used to demonstrate that crystallographic structural parameters characterizing the different areas of such a crystal with varying structure can be extracted rigorously and reproducibly. PMID- 3238814 TI - Selected abstracts from the fortieth annual meeting of the Scandinavian Society for Electron Microscopy, SCANDEM-88. Aarhus, June 6-8. PMID- 3238813 TI - Separation of overlapping core edges in electron energy loss spectra by multiple least-squares fitting. AB - A multiple-least-squares fitting procedure for quantitating electron energy loss spectra is demonstrated on some strongly overlapping core edges. The method, first applied by Shuman and Somlyo [Ultramicroscopy 21 (1987) 23], takes into account plural inelastic scattering and can be applied under conditions of non uniform sample thickness where Fourier deconvolution techniques are invalid. By using appropriate reference spectra generated from pure compounds, quantitation of potassium and calcium (L23 edges) is possible in the presence of carbon (K edge), and sulfur in the presence of phosphorus (L23 edges). Some of the advantages and limitations of the multiple-least-squares approach are discussed. PMID- 3238815 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 22nd scientific meeting of the Israel Society of Electron Microscopy. 7 June 1988, Tel-Aviv. PMID- 3238816 TI - [Torsion forces of the proximal femur following implantation of a hip prostheses]. AB - Growing interest in hip endoprosthesis is inducing a lot of ideas for formgiving, without having cleared the adequate strength to the proximale femur. To know more about these forces, we made computerized tension-analyses of some different types of prosthesis in a normed artificial femur. Measurement of press- and tensile tensions on one hand and the torsion-tensions on the other hand showed some enhanced forces which might be the reason for slackening of hip endoprosthesis. PMID- 3238817 TI - [Segment changes in the cervical spine following cervical spondylodeses of unstable injuries]. AB - Radiologic and functional assessments were performed in 60 patients who underwent cervical fusion for traumatic instability. Follow up range was one to eight years (average 3.9 years). 235 motion segments (C2/3 to C7/th1) were analyzed. Follow up radiologic examination included a.p., flexion-extension and oblique cervical spine films. Each motion segment was analyzed for range of mobility according the method of Penning. Total range of spinal motion was recorded, radiologic disc appearance and spondylophyte formation were also classified. The most striking findings included 15 "nose-like" and eleven "bridging" spondylophytes noted anteriorly on the lateral views. Segmental function was diminished an average of 67.8% in "noses" and 46.6% in "bridges". Since the disc height remained radiologically normal, and osteophytes were located exclusively anterior, adjacent to the fusions, these changes were interpreted as secondary to excessive dissection along the anterior longitudinal ligament or the improper placement of the plates. In seven cases rapid development of degenerative change was attributed to previously undetected traumatic insult to a normal motion segment. This resulted in significant loss of function in all cases. In 134 non-adjacent motion segments no spondylophyte formation or disc degeneration secondary to operation or trauma was found. Of 235 motion segments, ten adjacent and five non adjacent segments in nine patients were found to show increased degenerative changes. In this population the average patient age was 51 years (significantly higher than the group average of 38.7 years). The function of these segments was only 45.2% of normal. With historical controls the incidence of increased degenerative changes of the non-fused segments is at no greater risk for early degenerative phenomena than the population at large. 1. Cervical fusion for traumatic instabilities carries a higher risk for the adjacent motion segments, but lower than the risk in patients with deforming spondylosis. Careful operative technique can offer a distinct decrease in postoperative spondylophyte formation. 2. Non fused motion segments in this study were affected by degenerative disease at a rate approximately equal to the general population. 3. This investigation revealed no hypermobility in any non-fused motion segment. 4. Even radiologically normal segments could reveal a diminished range of motion. PMID- 3238818 TI - [Rupture of the distal biceps tendon]. AB - Eight avulsions of the distal biceps tendon were operatively treated between 1982 and 1985. The operative procedure and results of subsequent investigations are described. The problems of correlation between injury and trauma and its assessment by histological observations are discussed. The clinical results have been good. So we can recommend the operative method according to Platt. PMID- 3238819 TI - [Treatment of cruciate ligament lesion following knee trauma]. AB - In the treatment of the capsular ligament lesions of the knee joint, the most important therapeutic measure is the reconstruction of the central pillar of the cruciate ligaments. 112 patients with ruptures of the cruciate ligaments and associated injuries have been operated from 1975 through 1985. 78 out of them can be checked-up. Most of the accidents are due to sports or professional activities. 76% of the patients are treated early, i.e. within the first six days from the accident. The rates of simple instabilities as well as of anteromedial rotation instabilities are 40% each, the remaining injuries are severe combined traumas to the knee. In many cases the articular structures are involved, too. The surgical procedure is described. In 89% of the cases, the articular stability is restored with very good or good success by reconstruction. A permanent instability is only observed in two patients. Taking into consideration the mobility and the subjective opinions of patients, 71% have very good or good results. PMID- 3238820 TI - [Immediate operation of a rupture of the ankle joint ligament]. AB - The operation of ruptured ligamentum talofibulare-system within a limit of twelve hours showed better results in opening angle of upper ankle, usability and number of days in hospital. PMID- 3238821 TI - [Fatigue fracture of the femoral neck following femoral intramedullary nailing]. AB - The course of a fracture of the femur shaft treated in an unstable manner by medullary nailing was full of complications. This handicapped patient can be taken as an example to show the risks involved in the extended intramedullary stabilization using a locking nail on the one hand and, on the other hand, to demonstrate that subsequent fractures induced by therapy can immediately be controlled by simple methods such as additional bolting. Furthermore, the fracture of the femur neck feared as technically or biologically induced consequence of femur nailing in a previously weakened bone can quickly be treated by the relatively simple with osteosynthesis traction screw. This method does not only meet all biomechanical requirements with respect to stability and load capacity, but has also proved its value in clinical practice when it was applied alone in cervical femur fractures as well as combined with the locking nail in layered fractures of the femur. PMID- 3238822 TI - Hypoxanthine, xanthine, urate and creatinine concentration gradients in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The purine metabolites hypoxanthine, xanthine and urate as well as creatinine were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from two groups of patients and a reference sample group. In one of the patient groups lumbar CSF was collected in 2 ml portions until a total volume of 14 ml was withdrawn. Every second portion was analysed for its content of the metabolites in focus. In the other patient group both cisternal CSF and a fixed volume (20 ml) of lumbar CSF were obtained and analysed. An increase in concentration of hypoxanthine, xanthine and creatinine and a decrease in urate concentration was found in the successive CSF specimens. The mean individual increase in hypoxanthine concentration between the first and the last 2 ml portion was as high as 39.6%, while it was lower for xanthine, 21.5%, and creatinine, 6.7%. The decrease in urate concentration was 17.2%. The results from the other patient group were in good agreement with these findings. The concentrations in the cisternal CSF was 162% of that in lumbar CSF for hypoxanthine, 155% for xanthine, 123% for creatinine and 80% for urate. Mechanisms behind inter- and intraindividual differences in gradients are discussed. PMID- 3238823 TI - Cardiovascular and some biochemical effects of high alcohol consumption. AB - A sample of 200 men from the general population was investigated concerning alcohol consumption in relation to cardiovascular and laboratory findings. Symptoms of alcoholism (subjective relative loss of control over drinking, blackouts and morning drinks) were found to be related to the alcohol consumption. The subjects were divided into three groups: (I) a group with low alcohol consumption without symptoms of alcoholism, (II) an intermediate group with low, moderate or high alcohol consumption and with different alcohol symptoms and (III) a "heavy-drinking" group with moderate or high alcohol consumption and two or more symptoms. Group III had, on an average, a higher heart rate and a larger heart volume, and significantly lower serum (S) levels of magnesium, creatinine and IgG than groups I and II. Ten of the 53 heavy drinkers used liver-metabolized drugs, because of illness. On the average the heavy drinkers who used drugs had a higher heart rate and diastolic blood pressure and a larger heart volume, and in this group there was a higher incidence of pathological ECGs and a lower peak flow. They had higher S-cholesterol and triglycerides and, especially, low S-creatinine. Elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels showed no relationships to high alcohol consumption alone, but a combination of high alcohol consumption and liver-metabolized drugs was significantly correlated to such elevations. The finding of a combination of high alcohol consumption as reported in a standardized questionnaire and low S creatinine may discriminate an interesting homogeneous subgroup with over consumption of alcohol. PMID- 3238824 TI - Renal handling of bovine I125-superoxide dismutase in the avian kidney. Short communication. PMID- 3238825 TI - Computed tomography in evaluation of blunt renal trauma. Potential for misdiagnosis of renal infarction. AB - A case of global renal infarction resulting from blunt renal trauma is presented. The cortical 'rim sign' on computed tomographic (CT) scanning is suggestive of major renal arterial occlusion. Clinicians who use CT scanning as the initial imaging modality for the evaluation of blunt kidney trauma should be aware of this sign and its implications for management. PMID- 3238826 TI - Treatment of vesicoureteral reflux by endoscopic injection of blood. AB - We have developed a new endoscopic procedure for correction of experimental and clinical reflux. It was technically feasible to correct successfully experimentally produced vesicoureteral reflux in dogs by endoscopic injection of blood. Thirteen ureters (10 patients) with grade I-III vesicoureteral reflux were treated by endoscopic injection of patient's heparinized blood behind the ureteral orifice. Before drawing out the needle, small amounts of thrombin and protamine were injected to prevent the leakage of the injected blood. Eight of thirteen treated ureters showed complete absence of reflux. The technique has both advantages and disadvantages. Advantageous points are that it is technically simple and injection can be done a few times when reflux has not disappeared. Furthermore, no complications such as distant migration of injected materials and escape from the bladder mucosa have been observed. A disadvantageous point is that the treatment has not been successful in every case. PMID- 3238827 TI - Radical cystectomy in bladder cancer: mortality and morbidity. A series of 123 cases. AB - Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer is an operation that presents a low mortality rate, which can still be reduced by a better patient selection, particularly with respect to patients presenting a high cardiac risk. Morbidity is still elevated but a better preparation of the patients against infection, hyperdiuresis during and after the operation and a nonperitonization of the anterior pelvis should reduce the frequency of abscesses, septicemia and pyelonephritis. It seems reasonable to propose this operation as a curative procedure for stage B and recurring stage A and as a palliative procedure for stages C and D. PMID- 3238828 TI - Place of cystectomy in superficial bladder cancer. AB - Between January 1978 and June 1985, 44 patients underwent cystectomy for clinically diagnosed superficial bladder cancer. Operative mortality was 13.6%. Early and late complications were observed in 34 and 55% patients, respectively. Clinical understaging was seen in 23%, and stage reduction in 18% of the patients. Clinical staging was correct in 59% of the patients. The mean follow-up was 40 months (range, 24-84 months). Five patients presented local recurrence (13%) of the tumor and 10 patients showed distant metastases (26%). Urethral and upper urinary tract recurrences were observed in 7 and 4 patients, respectively. Fourteen patients (39%) died of cancer after a mean follow-up of 24 months. The actuarial 5-year survival was achieved by 77% of the patients with PTo-PTa-PTis and by 67% of the patients with PT1 (p, not significant). PMID- 3238829 TI - Treatment of congenital penile curvature: an alternative to Nesbit's operation. AB - An alternative to Nesbit's operation in the treatment of penile curvature is presented. Results in 16 patients are discussed. The procedure does not require removal of tunical tissue, is therefore less invasive than the original operation and produces equally good results. PMID- 3238830 TI - Thyroid metastases from renal carcinoma. AB - The identification and diagnosis of thyroid metastases from renal adenocarcinoma are rare in living patients, though more frequent during autopsy. A case is reported in which the identification of thyroid metastases indicated a clear-cell renal carcinoma in a kidney treated 12 years earlier for emptying of multiple cysts. PMID- 3238831 TI - Ureteral obstruction secondary to sigmoid diverticulitis. AB - A case of ureteral obstruction secondary to diverticulitis is described. The patient had a 2-month history of lower left quadrant pain before an operation. As an intravenous pyelogram showed persistent hydronephrosis, an operation was performed. At the operation, a fibrotic mass which encased the left ureter and sigmoid colon was found. Ureterolysis and segmental sigmoidectomy were carried out. The pathological specimen showed two diverticula and subserosal cicatrization. PMID- 3238832 TI - Appendicovesical fistula associated with neuroma of the appendix. AB - A new case of appendicovesical fistula is reported. Usually a known cause is ulcerative colitis, morbus Crohn, malignancy of the appendix or as complication to perforated appendicitis, but in the described case there was no history of such previous illness. The only pathological finding was the presence of an abundant amount of nervous tissue in the appendix. It is concluded that a history of pneumaturia and/or recurrent urinary-tract infections must rise the suspicion of the presence of a fistula between the small or large intestine and the bladder. PMID- 3238833 TI - Urethral cancer presenting with scrotal abscess formation. A differential diagnosis of acute epididymitis. AB - Primary urethral cancer in male subjects is briefly described, and a case is presented in which the formation of a scrotal abscess was the unusual presenting symptom. PMID- 3238834 TI - Congenital bulbar urethral stricture occurring in two brothers. AB - Two cases of apparently congenital bulbar urethral stricture occurring in brothers are presented. Such a finding has been rarely reported. Congenital strictures may be more common than previously thought and a full history is essential in such cases when the aetiology remains uncertain. Biopsy of the stricture may be of value. PMID- 3238835 TI - Testicular microlithiasis in male infertility. AB - Testicular microlithiasis was found in a 30-year-old infertile man. The literature is reviewed and the possible influence of testicular microlithiasis on male infertility is discussed. PMID- 3238836 TI - [Nephrology and urology]. PMID- 3238837 TI - [Bacteriology of the ejaculate--a useful study?]. AB - In a retrospective study we analyzed the results of 318 bacteriologic tests of ejaculates from 175 patients with suspected infections of the prostate, epididymis and urethra. Only 55% of all bacteriologic tests were positive, and the bacteria most frequently found were those normally present in the anterior male urethra, enterococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci. These results indicate that bacteriologic testing of the ejaculate does not yield such reliable results as the segmented urine culture technique and the examination of expressed prostatic secretions. PMID- 3238838 TI - [Is bladder wall resection in cancer of the urinary bladder obsolete?]. AB - This is a report on 32 partial cystectomies. From our experience and the review of the literature we come to the conclusion, that in selected cases it may be considered an alternative to cystectomy. PMID- 3238839 TI - [Partial bladder resection--truly an alternative to radical cystectomy?]. PMID- 3238840 TI - [Perineal ectopic testis]. AB - The case of a 24-year-old patient is presented who was erroneously presumed to have unilateral testicular aplasia following inguinal exploration in early childhood. At the age of 24 years he underwent surgery for a soft perineal mass, which was found to be perineal testicular ectopia associated with a congenital hernia. Histological examination of the excised testicle revealed atrophy of the germinal epithelium. A survey of the literature yielded approximately 175 more cases of perineal testicular ectopia. This is the most frequent from of testicular ectopia with a relative incidence of less than 1% of all cases of undescended testes. Ectopic testes seem only to differ from undescended testes in terms of topography. Little difference can be observed in terms of histology or the incidence of concomitant hernias. PMID- 3238841 TI - [Our language]. PMID- 3238842 TI - [Surgical tactics in peritonitis]. PMID- 3238843 TI - [Reflux esophagitis at remote periods after vagotomy for duodenal ulcer]. AB - Results of a comparative clinico-instrumental and morphological examination of 163 patients are described. Vagotomy was shown not to exert great influence on the function of lower esophagus sphincter. In patients with duodenal ulcer and reflux-esophagitis it is expedient to perform anti-reflux interventions on the cardia to prevent further development of reflux-esophagitis and its complications. PMID- 3238844 TI - [Ways of improving the results of surgical treatment of incarcerated hernia in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 3238845 TI - [Treatment of patients with chronic large-intestinal stasis]. PMID- 3238846 TI - [Various problems of the diagnosis and treatment of post-injection abscesses]. PMID- 3238847 TI - [Surgical trauma of the ureters]. PMID- 3238848 TI - [Selective endoscopic pharmacologic denervation of the stomach in the treatment of reflux esophagitis associated with duodenal ulcer]. AB - A method of the endoscopic selective medicamentous denervation of the stomach with the help of an alcohol-novocain solution is described. The method was used in 44 patients with reflux-esophagitis which was successfully cupped off in 93.1% of the patients. In the control group the result was 66.6%. PMID- 3238849 TI - [Venous infarction of the small intestine after novocaine block of the mesenteric root]. PMID- 3238850 TI - [Liver abscess after surgery of hemorrhoids]. PMID- 3238851 TI - [Displacement of the catheter into the internal jugular vein during the catheterization of the subclavian vein]. PMID- 3238852 TI - [Reorganization of surgical education]. PMID- 3238853 TI - [Hepatocyte function and hepatic blood flow in patients with peritonitis]. AB - Under observation there were 35 patients with extended forms of peritonitis. The functions of hepatocytes, hepatic and systemic hemodynamics were studied. It was shown that the alteration of the liver function in patients with peritonitis was developing in the early terms of the disease and was a necessary component of the syndrome of polyorganic insufficiency. The period of half-elimination of cardiogreen may serve a diagnostic and prognostic criterion of the state of the liver function. The delayed cardiogreen uptake by hepatocytes points to the development of pronounced disturbance of the liver function and to unfavorable prognosis of peritonitis. PMID- 3238854 TI - [Partial resection of the head of the pancreas]. AB - Data of performing partial resections of head of the pancreas in 29 patients are described. Depending on the state of the pancreas it is possible to perform external drainage of the major pancreatic duct of the distal stump followed by its delayed occlusion, to form pancreatoenteroanastomosis or recanalization of the duct using a small intestine segment. The partial resections are less traumatic operations and give less amount of postoperative complications. PMID- 3238855 TI - [Value of segmental systolic pressure determination in the diagnosis and selection of reconstructive operations of the aorto-ileo-femoral segments]. AB - The segmentary systolic pressure along the lower extremities was studied by means of ultrasonic dopplerosphygmomanometry in patients with isolated and associated lesions of the aorto-ileo-femoral segment. The possibility to investigate the hemodynamic significance of stenotic lesions of the arteries is shown which is of value for choice of the method of reconstructive operations in associated lesions of the aorto-ileo-femoral segment. PMID- 3238856 TI - [Pathogenesis of thrombus formation in varicose veins]. AB - Under observation there were 60 patients operated upon for varicose dilatation of the lower extremity veins. It was established that the reconstruction of the walls of the altered vessels had a substantial influence on processes of the parietal microthromboformation and facilitated local alteration of hemodynamics and elevation of the aggregation properties of thrombocytes. PMID- 3238857 TI - [Vacuum therapy of acute suppurative diseases of soft tissues and suppurative wounds]. AB - The article analyzes results of treatment of 338 patients with abscesses, phlegmons and purulent wounds. A comparative investigation of treatment of 173 patients by traditional incisive-draining methods and 165 patients treated by using vacuum therapy by the method proposed by the authors was made. The advantages of vacuum therapy were shown in the acceleration of reparative processes and in shortening the time of treatment. PMID- 3238858 TI - [Selection of the method of treatment of suppurative spinal epiduritis]. AB - The author has analyzed 65 observations of patients with purulent spinal epiduritis resulting mostly from purulent diseases of the skin and subcutaneous fat. A period of pyo-resorptive fever was established which in most cases preceded the appearance of local symptoms of the disease. The purulent process is more frequently accompanied with fever, more rarely it turns into sepsis. The most rational method of treatment of the disease is early operation followed by irrigative drainage of the wound in complex with antibacterial and symptomatic therapy. A classification of purulent spinal epidurites is proposed. PMID- 3238859 TI - [Prevention of suppurative complications after a trans-sternal approach to the organs of the anterior mediastinum]. PMID- 3238860 TI - [Various aspects of endoscopic examination of the operated-on stomach]. PMID- 3238862 TI - [Lipoma of the small intestine]. PMID- 3238861 TI - [Single-stage surgical intervention in cancer of the major duodenal papilla, ascending colon and rectum]. PMID- 3238863 TI - [Torsion of the cecum]. PMID- 3238864 TI - [Diverticulosis of the transverse colon causing acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3238865 TI - [Prevention of wound suppuration after appendectomy]. PMID- 3238866 TI - [Pathology of the greater omentum and fatty appendages of the colon in emergency surgery]. PMID- 3238867 TI - [Aplasia of the left cupula of the diaphragm]. PMID- 3238868 TI - [Double location of hydatid echinococcosis]. PMID- 3238869 TI - [A method of adrenalectomy]. PMID- 3238870 TI - [Treatment of burns of the hand by an abacterial ointment medium]. PMID- 3238871 TI - [Epidural anesthesia during operations on the abdominal segment of the aorta]. PMID- 3238872 TI - [Experimental substantiation of enterosorption with polyfepan in acute peritonitis]. PMID- 3238873 TI - [Use of Soviet-made bioprostheses from the human umbilical vein in hemodialysis]. AB - The work presents data on using a Soviet bioprosthesis made of a human umbilical cord at the firm "Sever" which was used as arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis. Operations were performed on 45 patients, 55 fistulas being formed. The maximum period of the follow-up was 3 years. An analysis of complications is given as well as of rational methods of their prevention and treatment. The bioprostheses are recommended for the formation of non-standard fistulas. PMID- 3238874 TI - Cardiorespiratory effects of the intravenous administration of tiletamine zolazepam to cats. AB - The hemodynamic and respiratory effects of three doses (9.7, 15.8, and 23.7 mg/kg intravenous [IV]) of a 1:1 combination of tiletamine and zolazepam were studied after isoflurane anesthesia in cats instrumented for the recording of hemodynamic data. Systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures were decreased 1 minute after drug administration but then increased above baseline with all three doses. Cardiac output was decreased briefly at 1 minute with the 15.8 and 23.7 mg/kg doses. The rate of development of left ventricular pressure and peripheral vascular resistance decreased at 1 minute but returned to baseline or above by 10 minutes. There were no significant changes in heart rate, central venous pressure, or left ventricular end diastolic pressure. The arterial pH and blood gas measurements reflected the development of respiratory acidosis after administration of 23.7 mg/kg. These results support the conclusions that tiletamine-zolazepam administered intravenously is a useful and comparatively safe anesthetic agent in the cat. PMID- 3238875 TI - Feline thyroidectomy: a comparison of postoperative hypocalcemia associated with three different surgical techniques. PMID- 3238876 TI - Surgical wound infection rates in dogs and cats. Data from a teaching hospital. AB - Two thousand sixty-three surgical procedures were performed on 1992 patients (1715 dogs and 277 cats). In a retrospective analysis, the procedures were categorized according to the expected degree of wound contamination, and corresponding wound infection rates were determined. The number of procedures in each category and the percent that became infected were as follows: clean (1100, 2.5%), clean-contaminated (554, 4.5%), contaminated (172, 5.8%), and dirty (237, 18.1%). The administration of antibiotics significantly reduced the frequency of wound infection in clean surgical procedures performed by senior veterinary students (p less than 0.05), but not in clean elective procedures performed by faculty or resident surgeons that required 90 minutes or less to complete. There was a significant correlation between elevation of rectal temperature postoperatively and increased duration of the surgical procedure. However, the rectal temperature measured the day after surgery was not an accurate predictor of wound infection. PMID- 3238877 TI - Relationship of femoral intramedullary pins to the sciatic nerve and gluteal muscles after retrograde and normograde insertion. AB - An anatomic analysis of retrograde and normograde intramedullary (IM) pinning of proximal, midshaft, and distal femoral fractures was performed in 28 canine cadavers. For all fracture locations, normograde pins were significantly more cranial in the middle gluteal muscle than retrograde pins (p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between pinning techniques in craniocaudal position of the IM pin in the superficial gluteal muscle. In distal fractures, normograde pins were placed significantly more lateral than retrograde pins in the superficial gluteal muscle (p less than 0.01). One of 15 normograde pins and 9 of 13 retrograde pins were located in the medial half of the trochanteric fossa. Normograde pins were significantly more lateral in the trochanteric fossa than were retrograde pins in midshaft fractures (p less than 0.01). Normograde pins were significantly (p less than 0.01) farther from the sciatic nerve than retrograde pins when the hip was positioned at coxofemoral flexion angles of 85 degrees in midshaft and 110 degrees in distal fractures. Seven of 13 retrograde pins, but none of 15 normograde pins, contacted the sciatic nerve. Normograde pinning of the femur may be less likely to induce sciatic nerve injury, particularly in midshaft and distal fractures. PMID- 3238878 TI - Equine large intestinal volvulus. A review of 124 cases. AB - The average age of 122 horses with ascending colon volvulus was 6.6 +/- 0.4 years. Gastric reflux was a presenting sign in 35% of the cases. Peritoneal fluid protein levels had a mean of 2.54 +/- 0.14 g/dl and 20 horses had grossly normal peritoneal fluid at the time of presentation. Ascending colon volvulus was most commonly found at the level of the cecocolic fold with the initial ventral colon movement in a dorsomedial direction about the ascending mesocolic axis. The overall survival rate was 34.7% with a recurrence rate of only 4.9%. PMID- 3238879 TI - Incomplete longitudinal fracture of the proximal palmar cortex of the third metacarpal bone in horses. AB - Seven horses, 2 to 4 years of age, were examined because of moderate-to-severe forelimb lameness, mild effusion of the middle carpal joint (3 horses), and pain on palpation of the origin of the suspensory ligament (4 horses). The lameness was abolished by anesthetic infiltration of the middle carpal joint in six horses. In four of them, a high palmar nerve block also abolished the lameness. A linear radiolucency in the proximal end of the third metacarpal bone (McIII) was interpreted as an incomplete longitudinal fracture. In one horse, distinct intramedullary sclerosis limited to the palmar cortex was indicative of an incomplete fracture confined to the palmar cortex. No osteoproliferative lesions were identified on the dorsal cortex of any of the horses. Surgical treatment with cortical screws in lag fashion accompanied by a rest period was successful in one horse. In four horses, rest for at least 3 months resulted in clinical soundness. In two horses, a shorter rest period resulted in recurrence of the lameness even though the horses were sound when put back into training. Careful clinical and radiographic examinations helped differentiate incomplete longitudinal fractures from lesions involving the carpus and proximal aspect of the suspensory ligament. PMID- 3238880 TI - Partial hepatic resection for treatment of a single liver abscess in a dairy heifer. AB - A single large hepatic abscess in a 10 month old Holstein heifer was treated successfully by partial hepatic resection. No complications or recurrence of clinical signs have developed in the 9 months since the resection. Partial hepatic resection is an effective treatment of solitary bovine liver abscesses that warrants further investigation. PMID- 3238881 TI - A comparison of steady state and transient thermography techniques using a healing tendon model. AB - Steady state and transient thermal techniques were used to define the thermal signatures of surgically sectioned and sham-operated common calcanean tendons in four dogs. All limbs were imaged from the lateral side using an Inframetrics 525 system at - 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery. Individual video frames were used to compute absolute surface temperatures and rewarm curves for five predetermined 1 cm2 skin areas. Angiography was performed at each observation period to correlate changes in vascular morphology and thermal data. Thermal signatures and angiograms were similar in all animals before surgery. At 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, the absolute surface temperatures of the entire lateral crus area were elevated in three of four animals. During weeks 6 and 8, the surface temperatures, rewarm curves, and angiograms returned to presurgical values for the controls. Skin areas over the repaired tendons remained warmer and were shown to correlate with vascular proliferation by transient but not steady state techniques. Steady state and transient thermal imaging techniques can be used to detect vascular changes in the area around a healing tendon. However, our data indicate that transient thermal techniques are more suitable than steady state methods for localizing vascular disturbances in tissues. Thermographic imaging techniques may become a reliable noninvasive method to monitor wound healing processes if starting temperatures, cool down techniques, and time intervals for data collection are fully evaluated in future studies using transient thermal imaging protocols. PMID- 3238882 TI - Introduction to the quantitative technique of closed circuit anesthesia in dogs. AB - In humans, anesthetic uptake in a closed system with constant arterial concentration has been shown to be inversely proportional to the square root of time. A practical method for quantitative dosage of volatile anesthetic was derived from this. The method was evaluated in nine dogs anesthetized with a closed circle system using halothane and isoflurane. A unit dose (UD) of anesthetic was calculated in milliliters of vapor which was converted to milliliters of liquid and repeatedly administered into the expiratory limb between the squares of integer units of time (0-1, 1-4, 4-9 minutes, etc). The UD was derived as follows: UD = 2 f MAC X lambda B/G X 2 (kg)3/4, where f MAC was the desired alveolar concentration, lambda B/G the blood-gas partition coefficient, and 2 (kg)3/4 was an approximation of cardiac output. The method resulted in a stable plane of anesthesia and permitted continuous monitoring of O2 consumption. There was no significant difference between predicted and measured values of O2 consumption, cumulative doses, or alveolar concentrations at 9 and 16 minutes of anesthesia. PMID- 3238883 TI - The effects of screw removal on bone strain in an idealized plated bone model. AB - An idealized plated bone model was used to test the hypothesis that selected screw removal could alter the bone strain field and be a viable treatment for stress protection osteoporosis. Eighteen bone screw modifications were evaluated for their effects on bone strain. The three variables studied were number, position, and length of screws. Removal of two or four bone screws from an eight hole plate significantly increased the strain per load on the bone model over the values with eight screws in the plate (p less than 0.05). The four screw configurations increased bone strain more than the six screw configurations. It also was shown that the position of screws in the plate could significantly alter the bone strain per load results. Removal of six bone screws from an eight hole plate also increased the bone strain per load, but to excess in some tests. In those configurations, the results were not statistically different from the unplated configuration. Replacement of the full length screws with eight half length screws that engaged only the near cortex significantly reduced bone strain per load as compared with eight bicortical bone screws. PMID- 3238884 TI - A modified Cloward's technique for arthrodesis of the normal metacarpophalangeal joint in the horse. AB - A modified Cloward's technique was performed for arthrodesis of one metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint in eight horses. Dorsal arthrotomies were performed medial and lateral to the common digital extensor tendon and two 16 mm holes were drilled through the joint. A perforated cylindrical stainless steel basket filled with cancellous bone was impacted into each hole. The limbs were supported in casts for 8 weeks. The joints were examined and radiographed at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 6 months, and 10 months. One horse was euthanatized at week 14 to assess the progress of the arthrodesis. In the other seven horses, there was clinical fusion at month 6. Dynamographic evaluations were performed 11 months after surgery at the walk and trot. The maximum vertical forces exerted during weight bearing by treated and control limbs were compared. No difference was detected at the walk; however, a significant difference was present at the trot (p less than 0.05). It was calculated that at the trot the horses placed 90% as much force on the treated limb as on the control limb. Eleven months after surgery, the baskets contained compact and cancellous bone. Ingrowth of bone occurred through all openings, completely filling the baskets and fusing the joints. PMID- 3238885 TI - Stress fractures of the acetabulum in 26 racing Greyhounds. AB - Acetabular fractures in 26 racing Greyhounds were reviewed. All fractures occurred during racing or training and were unrelated to any external trauma. All fractures had similar configurations, were minimally displaced, and involved only the acetabulum. Affected dogs were young (16-36 months). Fractures occurred unilaterally (22 dogs) and bilaterally (4 dogs). There was no sex predilection, and both right and left sides were equally represented. Bilateral fractures were associated with retraining between the occurrence of the first and second fractures. Radiographically, a fracture line was consistently visible in the caudal third of the acetabulum. Fractures in gross specimens resembled an inverted "Y." Results of histologic evaluation of two fractured acetabula showed changes characteristic of a nonunion fracture. Microfractures were evident in the grossly normal acetabulum opposite the fractured side. Evidence obtained from this study suggests a common pathogenesis of the fractures related to tremendous repetitive stresses produced during running. Greyhounds with unilateral acetabular fractures may provide a reproducible model for future studies of stress fractures in animals and humans because of the high incidence of bilateral fractures that develop during retraining. Surgical repair of the acetabular stress fracture was more successful than conservative management in returning the dogs to competitive racing. PMID- 3238886 TI - Cervical chemonucleolysis in the dog. A surgical technique. AB - Cervical chemonucleolysis performed surgically in 16 clinically normal 4 and 10 year old Beagle dogs was well tolerated. The dosage of chymopapain per intervertebral disc was 200 or 500 U. Disc space narrowing was radiographically visible by day 1. By gross and histologic examination, there was lysis of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and perinuclear annulus fibrosus (AF). No observable differences due to ages of the dogs or doses of the enzyme were seen. PMID- 3238888 TI - Scientific abstracts from the ACVA annual meeting. American College of Veterinary Surgeons. October 9, 1987, Atlanta, Georgia. PMID- 3238887 TI - Ureterocolonic anastomosis in ten dogs with transitional cell carcinoma. AB - Ureterocolonic anastomosis (UCA) was performed in 10 dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder trigone or the urethra, or both. All grossly visible tumor was excised. All of the dogs recovered from anesthesia and surgery and had anal continence with no urine leakage. One dog died of undetermined causes 7 days after surgery. Nine dogs survived 1 to 5 months. The owners of eight of the dogs considered their dog's quality of life to be acceptable. Four dogs were euthanatized because of neurologic disease, three of which also had nausea and vomiting. The neurologic and gastrointestinal signs may have been caused by hyperammonemia, metabolic acidosis, and uremia. Blood ammonia levels were elevated in two dogs with neurologic signs. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis that was reversible with bicarbonate therapy was diagnosed in five dogs. All of the dogs were azotemic because of intestinal recycling of urea. Serum creatinine concentrations increased in four dogs after surgery. Drug-induced renal disease may have developed in two dogs. Pyelonephritis developed in five kidneys, two of which had outflow obstruction and two had bilateral hydroureteronephrosis before the UCA. In this small number of dogs, surgical excision of transitional cell carcinoma was not curative with six dogs having confirmed metastatic lesions at the time of death. PMID- 3238889 TI - The timing of antibiotic administration for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. PMID- 3238890 TI - Chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine cytotoxicity to canine embryonic fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine were evaluated for fibroblast toxicity on a primary line of canine embryonic fibroblasts, and for bactericidal efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. The cultured fibroblasts or S. aureus were exposed for 30 minutes to incremental dilutions of 0.5 and 0.0005% chlorhexidine diacetate, 5.0 to 0.05% povidone-iodine, or physiologic buffered saline as a control. To determine survival, fibroblasts were trypsinized and counted; S. aureus colonies were counted on brain-heart infusion agar. Survival for both groups was expressed by calculating the number of living cells in test dilutions as a percentage of the number in control cultures. Fibroblast survival occurred at chlorhexidine concentrations less than 0.013% and at povidone-iodine concentrations less than 0.5% (p less than 0.05). Significant S. aureus survival (p less than 0.05) was noted at chlorhexidine concentrations less than 0.05% and povidone-iodine concentrations less than 1.0%. These data showed that all bactericidal concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine were lethal to canine embryonic fibroblasts in vitro, whereas non-lethal concentrations allowed significant bacterial survival. PMID- 3238891 TI - The effect of partial rostral hemimandibulectomy on mandibular mobility and temporomandibular joint morphology in the dog. AB - Partial rostral hemimandibulectomy was performed in 10 adult dogs. The temporomandibular joints (TMJs) were examined radiographically and tomographically before surgery, and mandibular stability was evaluated before and immediately after surgery. Radiographic, tomographic, and hemimandibular mobility assessments were made again at months 3 and 6. The TMJs were examined grossly and histologically in five dogs euthanatized at month 3 and in five dogs euthanatized at month 6. Statistically significant hemimandibular instability (p less than 0.05) persisted in all subjects throughout the study. The radiographic appearance of the joints remained unaltered; however, space asymmetry was identified in postoperative tomograms of three dogs at month 3 and four dogs at month 6. The TMJs were grossly normal at necropsy. Histologically, there were degenerative changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone in all of the joints. The authors conclude that partial rostral hemimandibulectomy causes TMJ degeneration, as a consequence of hemimandibular instability or abnormal loading, or both. PMID- 3238892 TI - Caudal sartorius muscle flap in the dog. AB - An anatomic study was performed on canine cadavers to define the blood supply to the caudal sartorius muscle. The vascular supply to this muscle was segmental with the saphenous artery and vein providing a distal vascular pedicle. Anastomotic channels existed between distal and proximal capillary beds within the muscle belly. This anatomic information was used to determine the feasibility of performing caudal sartorius muscle flaps in dogs. The caudal sartorius muscle was transposed to the medial tibial region in four dogs. The muscle flap was based on a singular vascular pedicle of the saphenous artery and vein. The muscle transpositions were all successful on day 14 as evidenced by gross appearance and results of histologic examination. Grossly, the muscles were well adhered to the recipient sites and were covered by connective tissue. Histologically, the specimens were characterized by viable skeletal muscle fibers, large amounts of granulation tissue, varying degrees of inflammatory response, and small foci of myocyte necrosis (2 cases). Seroma formation was a consistent postoperative complication. PMID- 3238893 TI - Billroth II gastrojejunostomy in dogs. Stapling technique and postoperative complications. AB - Billroth II gastrojejunostomy was performed with surgical staplers in 6 dogs that were not irradiated and in 11 dogs that subsequently received radiation to the pancreas and proximal part of the duodenum. The dogs were monitored clinically for 135 days and then euthanatized and necropsied. Each gastrojejunostomy site was preserved in formalin and the stomal diameter was measured. No mechanical complications were encountered with the use of surgical staplers and no leakage was observed at the staple closure sites before abdominal closure. All dogs vomited approximately 100 ml of coagulated blood 4 to 8 hours after surgery, and 300 to 400 ml of brown fluid after approximately 24 hours. Vomiting was the most common clinical finding after the first 24 hours. Vomiting was subjectively graded from 1 to 3 with grade 1 representing the least severe problem and grade 3 the most severe. Grade 1 vomiting occurred in 12 of 16 dogs that survived 135 days; in the other four dogs, vomiting was classified as grade 2 or 3. All dogs with grade 1 vomiting had stomal diameters of 1.7 to 2.9 cm (mean, 2.2 +/- 0.4 cm standard deviation). Dogs with grade 2 or 3 vomiting had stomal diameters of 2.2 to 4.0 cm (mean, 3.2 +/- 0.8 cm standard deviation). The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.005). The percentage of weight gained or lost was recorded for each dog. Two nonirradiated dogs gained body weight, whereas the other nonirradiated dogs and all irradiated dogs lost body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3238894 TI - Clinical evaluation of canine acetabular fractures stabilized with an acetabular plate. AB - A retrospective study of 14 dogs with one or more acetabular fractures stabilized with an acetabular plate was conducted. Twelve of the 14 dogs had additional orthopedic injuries. Follow-up was longer than 6 months. Eleven dogs were evaluated by assessment of radiographs, lameness, mid-thigh circumference, coxofemoral joint range of motion, crepitus, and pain. Varying degrees of osteoarthrosis were noted radiographically at follow-up. Ten of 12 dogs examined had occasional or no clinical lameness. In 10 of 12 dogs, mid-thigh circumference was less on the limb that sustained the acetabular fracture. Nonunion was diagnosed in one plated acetabulum in which two screws had broken. A return to normal or nearly normal function was observed when there were no more than two orthopedic injuries. PMID- 3238895 TI - Comparison of naturally occurring proximal duodenal obstruction and abomasal volvulus in dairy cattle. AB - Physical and clinicopathologic findings from six cows with proximal duodenal obstruction (PDO) and 58 cows with abomasal volvulus (AV) were compared retrospectively. Many of the physical signs were similar in cows with PDO and cows with AV, but the two conditions differed in the type of abdominal distention, and in the findings from rectal examination and abdominal auscultation. Cows with PDO had significantly lower mean values for serum sodium (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl-), and higher mean values for plasma bicarbonate [HCO3 ], base excess, carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), serum phosphate, urea nitrogen, and total protein than AV affected cattle. Cows with PDO showed hyperglycemia (range, 263-990 mg/dl; mean, 618 mg/dl) of unexplained etiology that was significantly higher than blood-glucose concentrations in AV cows (mean, 178 mg/dl). Although all AV cows with anion gap values greater than 32 mEq/l died;PDO cows with equally elevated anion gap survived. The anion gap elevations in PDO and AV cows resulted from accumulation of different anions. Although the site of obstruction of aborad flow of ingesta is similar in both disease conditions, the differences in physical and clinicopathologic findings appear to reflect differences in the degree of reticulo-omasal orifice obstruction and the degree of abomasal vascular compromise. PMID- 3238896 TI - Interstitial pH and pressure in the dependent biceps femoris muscle of laterally recumbent anesthetized horses. AB - Interstitial pressure and pH in the dependent biceps femoris muscle were measured in anesthetized, laterally recumbent horses. The mean (+/- standard deviation) interstitial pressure in 10 horses was 19.70 +/- 0.15 mmHg in the 30 to 180 minute interval after induction of anesthesia. Pressures of this order have been associated with reduction in muscle perfusion. Mean (+/- standard deviation) interstitial pH in six horses decreased from 7.07 +/- 0.30 to 6.73 +/- 0.21 between 45 and 150 minutes of anesthesia. These results indicated the presence of circulatory compromise to intracompartmental structures. PMID- 3238897 TI - [Clinico-roentgenologic manifestations of chronic gunshot osteomyelitis of the long tubular bones of many years' duration]. PMID- 3238898 TI - [Dynamics of the x-ray changes in hyperparathyroid osteodystrophy following surgical treatment]. PMID- 3238899 TI - [Mesenchymal and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma]. PMID- 3238900 TI - [Craniography in the assessment of the state of the central nervous system in children born by cesarean section]. PMID- 3238901 TI - [Optimization of the conditions for image-enhanced radiography of the facial portion of the skull]. PMID- 3238902 TI - [X-ray changes in the pterygopalatine fossa in the diagnosis of tumors of the paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 3238903 TI - [Clinico-diagnostic aspects of meningiomas in parapharyngeal locations]. PMID- 3238904 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of pituitary adenoma without suprasellar growth]. PMID- 3238905 TI - [Roentgen semiotics of osteochondrosis: new signs and a comparative analysis of the informativeness of traditional methodologies and computed tomography]. PMID- 3238906 TI - [Comparative evaluation of electroroentgenography and roentgenography in the study of soft tissues]. PMID- 3238908 TI - [Present-day technical equipment for clinical x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 3238907 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of x-ray contrast studies of the muscles]. PMID- 3238909 TI - [Differential x-ray diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the spine]. PMID- 3238910 TI - [Diplotomography of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3238911 TI - [A modification of the realization of oblique symmetrical settings in the x-ray diagnosis of dislocations of the lower cervical spine]. PMID- 3238912 TI - [A case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]. PMID- 3238913 TI - [Osseous outgrowths of the vertebrae simulating on lateral fluorograms round formations in the lungs]. PMID- 3238914 TI - [Use of a geometrical projection to determine rotational shifts in fracture fragments]. PMID- 3238915 TI - [Dual projection cassette holders for orthopedics]. PMID- 3238916 TI - [X-ray examination of the shoulder joint in patients with postoperative recurrence of habitual shoulder dislocation]. PMID- 3238917 TI - Characteristics of Yorkshire swine natural killer cells. AB - The present study examined the properties of NK activity in Yorkshire swine. The results support other porcine studies which indicate the swine NK system has both similarities and differences to this system in other species. Profiles of NK activity indicated swine NK cells are highly reactive against the YAC-1 lymphoma, the K-562 myeloid leukemia, the P-815 mastocytoma, and the TU-5 virally transformed fibroblast. In contrast, the MOLT-4 and SB leukemias are NK resistant. Kinetic studies indicated that in Yorkshire swine, NK lysis begins 6 h after mixing effectors and targets. The kinetics of the lytic reaction differ both from other breeds of swine and from other species, where cytotoxicity is readily measured in 4-h assays. The delayed lysis was not due to delayed target cell recognition, because Yorkshire swine NK cells are rapidly bound to tumor targets. The delayed lysis seems to be due to a refractoriness in the NK lytic mechanism. This delay may relate to the morphologic finding that the target binding cell in Yorkshire swine appeared quite different from the large granular lymphocyte (LGL) reported as the NK effector in humans and rodents. Indeed, in light microscopic studies the typical tumor-binding cell in Yorkshire swine is a small, apparently nongranular, lymphocyte. Analysis of NK activity at the single cell level was performed with single effector-tumor conjugates immobilized in agarose. Generally, lysis by target binders paralleled sensitivity to lysis in 51Cr release tests, indicating lysis in agarose may be used as an NK index in swine. Like other species, swine NK cells were found to be nonadherent lymphocytes with a characteristic tissue distribution. Peripheral blood and spleen had the highest levels of NK activity. Lymph node cells displayed a small amount of NK activity which was limited to the YAC-1 target, while thymocytes showed no appreciable NK activity against any of the cell lines tested. PMID- 3238918 TI - Lymphocyte recirculation in cattle: patterns of localization by mammary and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes. AB - We examined patterns of lymphocyte localization in female dairy cattle following infusion of 51Cr-labeled autologous lymphocytes prepared from surgically excised mammary or ileal mesenteric lymph nodes. Labeled lymphocytes prepared from mammary lymph nodes were recovered in proportionally high numbers from mammary and prescapular lymph nodes, and in low numbers from intestinal mesenteric nodes. This pattern was observed in both heifers and lactating cows. In contrast, labeled lymphocytes prepared from ileal mesenteric lymph nodes of lactating cows were recovered in proportionally high numbers from intestinal mesenteric nodes, and in low numbers from mammary and prescapular nodes. These findings, when compared with previous results in sheep and swine, support the hypothesis that lymphocytes do not migrate efficiently between the gut and mammary gland of ruminants. PMID- 3238919 TI - In vivo activation of equine eosinophils and neutrophils by experimental Strongylus vulgaris infections. AB - Eosinophils and neutrophils from ponies with Strongylus vulgaris-induced eosinophilia (eosinophilic ponies; activated eosinophils and neutrophils) were assayed in vitro for chemotactic and chemokinetic responses to zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) using the filter system in Boyden chambers, for Fc and complement (C) receptors using the EA and EAC-rosette assays, respectively, and for phagocytic and bactericidal activities using opsonized Escherichia coli and the acridine orange method. The responses of activated eosinophils and neutrophils in the above assays were compared with those of eosinophils and neutrophils from S. vulgaris-naive ponies without eosinophilia (noneosinophilic ponies; nonactivated eosinophils and neutrophils). Differences in cell density following centrifugation in a continuous Percoll gradient were used to further characterize the heterogeneity of activated eosinophils and neutrophils. Activated and nonactivated eosinophils demonstrated similar chemotactic responses to ZAS while activated and nonactivated neutrophils demonstrated similar chemokinetic responses to ZAS. A higher percentage of activated eosinophils and neutrophils expressed Fc and C receptors compared with nonactivated cells (P less than 0.05). Generally, higher percentages of eosinophils and neutrophils expressed C than Fc receptors. However, the percentage of neutrophils with both receptors was higher than that of eosinophils. Phagocytosis and killing of E. coli by either type of eosinophil were not consistently observed. Both activated and nonactivated neutrophils phagocytized E. coli and significant differences between the two cell types were not observed. The bacterial activity, however, of activated neutrophils was significantly greater than that obtained using nonactivated neutrophils (P less than 0.05). Activated eosinophils and neutrophils were both separated into two distinct fractions based on differences in cell densities. A higher percentage of band 2 eosinophils (density of 1.106) expressed C receptors than did band 1 eosinophils (density of 1.049) (P less than 0.05). A higher percentage of band 1 neutrophils (density of 1.072) expressed both Fc and C receptors and these neutrophils were more phagocytic and bactericidal than were band 2 neutrophils (density of 1.082) (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that equine eosinophils and neutrophils are activated by chronic S. vulgaris infections. PMID- 3238920 TI - Intestinal absorption of colostral lymphoid cells in newborn piglets. AB - Intestinal absorption of colostral lymphoid cells was studied in 23 piglets of four sows (sows A, B, C and D). From the colostrum and blood of the sows the lymphoid cells were isolated with Ficoll-Paque and labelled with technetium (Na99mTcO4). In the 7th hour after birth, 5-ml volumes of the cell suspensions were injected, following laparotomy, directly into the stomach (piglets of sow A) or into the jejunum (piglets of sow B), whereas piglets of sows C and D received the suspensions through a naso-oesophageal tube. Cryostat sections of duodenum, jejunum and lymph node samples of piglets killed by bleeding 8 h after the treatment were examined by autoradiography. It was found that lymphoid cells present in the colostrum of a piglet's own mother were absorbed from the digestive tract and, via the lymphatic vessels, were transported to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Electron microscopy revealed that absorption took place intercellularly. Colostral cells of sows other than a piglet's own mother were observed only in the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane. The lymphoid cells isolated from the sows' blood and heat-treated colostral lymphoid cells were not absorbed. The results indicate that in the pig, an animal having an epitheliochorial placenta, the colostral lymphoid cells are absorbed from the digestive tract and, hence, they can confer an active cellular immunity on the newborn piglets. PMID- 3238921 TI - Effects of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis on bovine mammary gland plasma cell populations and immunoglobin concentrations in milk. AB - Bovine mammary tissue and milk samples were examined to determine effects of chronic Staphylococcus aureus mastitis on the humoral immune response. Parenchymal and teat end tissues from lactating bovine mammary glands were stained immunohistochemically to determine distribution of immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 , IgG2-, IgA-, and IgM-producing plasma cells. Numbers of all Ig-producing plasma cells tended to be higher in tissues from S. aureus infected quarters compared with controls, but most differences were not statistically different. Numbers of IgG1-producing plasma cells at the Furstenberg's rosette area of infected quarters were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than uninfected quarters. There were no significant differences in concentrations of Ig isotypes in milk from S. aureus infected and uninfected quarters. Data suggest that the antigenic effect of chronic S. aureus infection on the humoral immune response of the bovine mammary gland is minimal. Persistency of S. aureus infection may result, in part, from suboptimal stimulation or immunosuppression of the mammary immune system. PMID- 3238922 TI - Complement levels in dogs with familial canine dermatomyositis. AB - CH50, C4, C2, and C3 levels were evaluated in 7 dogs affected with dermatomyositis and in 22 control dogs. Dogs with dermatomyositis did not have clinical evidence of active disease at the time of serum collection for complement assays. No absolute complement component deficiency was identified in dermatomyositis-affected dogs in this study; however, a statistical difference in C2 was identified between control dogs of non-collie breeds and control collies, suggesting there may be a breed difference in complement levels. PMID- 3238924 TI - Potential gene products of bean golden mosaic virus have higher sequence homologies to those of tomato golden mosaic virus than to those of cassava latent virus. AB - Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the DNAs of bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) and cassava latent virus (CLV) revealed a fairly close relationship between BGMV DNA1, TGMV DNA1, and CLV DNA1 and a comparatively distant relationship between BGMV DNA2, TGMV DNA2, and CLV DNA2. The 200-base region common to the two DNAs of each virus had little sequence homology, except for a highly conserved 33-36 base sequence potentially capable of forming a stable hairpin structure. All the potential coding regions in the BGMV DNAs had counterparts in the TGMV and CLV DNAs suggesting an overall similarity in genome organization but two potential coding regions in the BGMV DNAs had no counterparts in the TGMV DNAs. The most highly conserved ORFs, BGMV 1R1, TGMV 1R1, and CLV 1R1, are the putative genes for the coat proteins of BGMV, TGMV, and CLV. BGMV 1R1 has 91.9% and 71.6% homology with respect to TGMV and CLV. The ORFs (BGMV 1L1; CLV 1L1; TGMV 1L1) and the two smaller overlapping ORFs (BGMV 1L2, 1L3; TGMV 1L2, 1L3; CLV 1L5, 1L3) are conserved in the three viruses. BGMV 2R1 and BGMV 2L1 have higher homology with respect to TGMV but not with respect to 2R1 and 2L1 in CLV. From this study we conclude that BGMV is more closely related to TGMV than CLV. PMID- 3238926 TI - Coordination of federal statistics related to the elderly. PMID- 3238923 TI - Abnormal expression of a late gene family L1 protein in monkey cells abortively infected with adenovirus type 2. AB - The drastically reduced virus yields obtained from monkey cells abortively infected with adenovirus 2 (Ad2) have been attributed primarily to a severe decrease in the accumulation of the virion protein fiber (IV), a product of the most pomoter distal late gene family, L5. Here we report that the accumulation of virion protein IIIa, a product of the proximal late gene family, L1, is also severely depressed. In contrast, the i-leader protein LO-13.6K and L1 protein(s) 52K/55K are expressed with the same time course and in equal amounts in monkey cells abortively infected by Ad2 or productively infected by the Ad2-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid Ad2+ND1 or by the host range mutant Ad2+ND3 hr602. L1-52K/55K is phosphorylated in abortively infected CV-1 or CV-C monkey cells as well as in productively infected human and monkey cells. As with fiber expression, the failure to produce IIIa appears to be due partly to reduced or delayed IIIa mRNA accumulation. The small amount of IIIa protein that is synthesized in monkey cells is stable. Since the accumulation of both IIIa and fiber protein is deficient, the mechanism of abortive infection cannot be attributed solely to the absence of the auxiliary fiber leader sequences (1). PMID- 3238927 TI - Measurements of health and disease, a transitional perspective. PMID- 3238928 TI - Maintenance of health, prevention of disease, a psychosocial perspective. PMID- 3238925 TI - Transcription and in vitro translation of the dsRNA virus isolated from Rhizoctonia solani. AB - A segmented double-stranded dsRNA virus has been isolated from virulent strains of Rhizoctonia solani. The dsRNA genome has mol. wts. of 1.45 and 1.32 X 10(6). Two full-size transcripts with mol. wts. of 0.74 and 0.66 X 10(6) (2.2 kb and 2 kb, respectively) were synthesized by the virus-associated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and resolved by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The transcripts cross-hybridized to the viral dsRNA isolated from a number of strains. The transcripts did not hybridize with the genomic DNA. An unencapsidated species of dsRNA with mol. wt. of 1.6 X 10(6) did not hybridize with the viral transcripts. No cross-hybridization between the two viral dsRNA segments was obtained. The viral-encoded proteins were studied by in vitro translation using the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The transcripts served as mRNA for the synthesis of the major capsid protein of 55 kD, and a number of other products. The viral coat protein was immunoprecipitated with antibodies against purified virus particles. Partial proteolysis of the major in vitro product and the authentic capsid protein using Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease produced similar peptide patterns. Denatured viral dsRNA also directed the synthesis of proteins identical to those translated from the transcripts in vitro. PMID- 3238929 TI - Methodologic issues in linkage of multiple data bases. PMID- 3238930 TI - Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey. PMID- 3238932 TI - [The effect of verapamil on the dynamics of decrease in the brain levels of phosphorus macroergs during ischemia studied by 31P-NMR in vivo]. AB - Protective effects of verapamil on dynamics of phosphorus-containing metabolites were studied during 30 min complete ischemia by means of 31P NMR. Verapamil appears to decrease the ATP and creatine phosphate pools consumption in ischemic brain tissue. The efficiency of the drug depended on the administration procedure and was not similar in two different models of ischemia. Possible mechanisms of the verapamil effect on bioenergetics of nervous tissue are discussed. PMID- 3238931 TI - [Prevention of atherogenic dislipoproteinemias and metabolic disorders in the liver in emotional-pain stress]. AB - Atherogenous dislipoproteinemia, involving a decrease in HDL cholesterol and 3-4 fold increase in the atherogeneity index was found to develop in rats after emotional-pain-dependent stress. Lipid peroxidation was activated in liver tissue of the animals, which was expressed as an increase in the MDA content, a decrease in SOD activity and as marked activation of fructose I-phosphate aldolase, an enzyme specific for liver tissue, in blood serum. The impairment of liver tissue caused an inhibition of 7 alpha-cholesterol hydroxylase--key enzyme of cholesterol hydroxylation into bile acids; the phenomenon may be of importance in development of dislipoproteinemias. Preadaptation of the animals to moderate hypoxia as well as administration of an antioxidant ionol prevented the activation of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue, liberation of fructose I phosphate aldolase into blood, depression of 7 alpha-cholesterol hydroxylase and protected against the stress-dependent atherogenous dislipoproteinemia. Possible chemical and adaptational protection of liver, which is a very stress-sensitive tissue, is discussed. PMID- 3238933 TI - [Stimulation with triiodothyronine of the synthesis of DNA, total proteins, nuclear proteins and nuclear matrix proteins in cultured cells of hepatoma Morris 7777]. AB - Intensity of DNA and protein biosynthesis was decreased in Morris hepatoma 7777 cultivated cells in absence of thyroid hormones. Physiological concentrations of triiodothyronine increased synthesis of DNA and total proteins after lag phase within 12-48 hrs, while synthesis of nuclear and nuclear matrix proteins was stimulated already within 2 hrs. This suggests that stimulation of nuclear proteins biosynthesis occurred prior to the hormone effect on proliferation and cell metabolism. Alterations in sensitivity of chromatin to DNAase I were not observed. Response of the Morris hepatoma cells to thyroid hormones may be used in studies of molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormones action. PMID- 3238934 TI - [Changes in human skeletal muscle proteins during autolysis studied by two dimensional electrophoresis]. AB - More than 100 various fractions were detected in human skeletal muscle proteins analyzed by O'Farrell two-dimensional electrophoresis. Main proteins were maintained well in individual preparations of muscle tissue after their storage within 4 days at 20 degrees. The protein fractions with molecular mass of 140-150 kD as well as alteration of other muscle proteins were found on electrophoregramms within 6 days of storage. PMID- 3238935 TI - [Comparative characteristics of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in the rat liver and small intestine mucosa]. AB - Activity of epoxide hydrolase was studied in microsomes of rat liver and small intestinal mucosa with styrene oxide as substrate using high performance liquid chromatography. Specific activity of epoxide hydrolase in microsomes from small intestine constituted 5-10% of the activity in liver microsomes. Both these enzymes had similar kinetic parameters, the same pH optimum around pH 8.7; their activity was altered only slightly in presence of anionic detergents. The enzyme activity was increased in liver and small intestine after administration of benzyl, trans-stilbene oxide, 2-acetamidofluorene and butylated hydroxytoluene. 1,2-epoxy-3,3,3-trichloropropane and 2-brom-4-nitroacetophenon inhibited similarly epoxide hydrolase in hepatic and intestinal microsomes. Cyclohexene oxide inhibited both these enzymes by the non-competitive type, exhibiting the higher affinity to liver epoxide hydrolase. PMID- 3238936 TI - [The role of activation of polymorphic nuclear leukocytes in the development of experimental uveitis]. AB - Increase in functional activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and in the rate of lipid peroxidation in eye tissues was found in rabbits with experimental uveitis. preadministration of antioxidants pipolphen and ionol led to considerable improvement of the uveitis clinics, to inhibition of lipid peroxidation in eye tissues and to decrease of the leukocytes in circulation. PMID- 3238937 TI - [Study of middle molecular weight fraction in the plasma of patients with uremia using high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography]. AB - Detection and quantitative estimation of peptides were carried out in the middle molecular fraction of blood plasma from patients with uremia using high performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. The middle molecular fraction was separated into four fractions after ultrafiltration through a column of Protein Pak i-60. As low as 40-60 mcg/ml of the peptides were detected in the first and second fractions. PMID- 3238938 TI - [Degradation of malonic dialdehyde in erythrocytes and its age-, seasonal- and circadian-dependent changes]. AB - A rate of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) degradation was studied in erythrocytes of newborns within the first and 4-5th days of life, of 5-6 and 8-14 years old children and of 18-28 and 35-49 years old adult persons by means of introduction of exogenous MDA into the mixture containing erythrocytes and estimation of the aldehyde elimination during incubation. Intensity of MDA degradation correlated with its content in erythrocytes. Age-, season- and circadian-dependent alterations were detected in the rate of MDA degradation as well as in the ratio of this value to the total content of MDA (index D/M). The lowest rate of MDA degradation and the index D/M value were observed in the persons of the older age group (35-49 years old). Either in 8-14 years old children or in adult persons the index D/M exhibited higher values in summer time as compared with other seasons. Distinct circadian alterations of the patterns studied were found in 18 28 years old persons but these patterns were dissimilarly directed during a day in newborns. PMID- 3238939 TI - [The role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis]. AB - Content of blood bilirubin was increased 3.3-11.4-fold as well as 4-10-activation of alanine aminotransferase and glutathione S-transferase was found in patients with virus hepatitis as compared with normal state. At the same time, lipid peroxidation was activated 1.9-3.5-fold in blood plasma as shown by means of chemoluminescence procedure, while the antioxidative activity was decreased 2.2 2.3-fold. PMID- 3238941 TI - [Glucocorticoid receptors of the liver and blood lymphocytes in acute cholecystitis]. AB - Cholecystectomy was carried out in 31 patients with acute cholecystitis within 5 7 days after percutaneous transliver microcholecystotomy. During the operation biopsy was taken from bed of gallbladder and liver left lobe for histological studies. In a part of the biopsy material glucocorticoid receptors of the II and III types were studied, simultaneously with detection of some metabolites and cortisol in blood plasma. Glucocorticoid receptors of the II type were estimated in lymphocytes. Content of glucocorticoid receptors of the II type constituted 20.1 fmole.mg-1 of protein and 16.0 fmole.mg-1 of protein in liver cytosol and in liver bed of gallbladder, respectively; content of the receptors of the III type was equal to 268.0 fmole mg-1 and 329.0 fmole.mg-1 of protein in liver tissue and in liver bed of gallbladder, respectively. In lymphocytes 1223 glucocorticoid receptors of the II type were estimated as compared with 4100 receptors in the cells of healthy persons. Distinct increase in the level of cortisol, cholesterol, glucose and urea was observed in the patients, while total protein and protein fractions were similar to control values. Possible role of glucocorticoid receptors in pathogenesis of acute cholecystitis is discussed. PMID- 3238940 TI - [The effect of starvation on GABA-transaminase and glutamate decarboxylase activity on mitochondria of dog limbic structures during postnatal ontogenesis]. AB - Activities of GABA-transaminase (GABA-TA) and glutamate decarboxylase (GDC) were estimated in mitochondria of limbic cortex (L1 and L2 areas), hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and midbrain reticular formation (RF) of 3 months and 1 year old dogs during 5, 12 and 20 days of starvation. Total activity of GABA-TA and GDC was distinctly decreased in mitochondria of limbic cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala. At the same time, after 5 days starvation activity of GDC, in presence of 0.1 mM PALP or without it was increased in RF mitochondria of 3 months old dogs, while GABA-TA was activated in the mitochondria of 1 year old dogs. The rate of GDC activation by PALP was dissimilar in certain structures of brain limbic areas during various periods of starvation in 3 months old dogs, which occurred due to difference of the GDC mitochondrial forms in synaptic structures of the dog brain limbic system. Activity of GABA-TA in 3 months and 1 year old dogs as well as activity of GDC, in presence of PALP or without it, in 3 months old dogs were distinctly decreased in mitochondria of all the dog brain limbic structures studied after long-term deprivation within 12 and 20 days. The decrease in activity of GABA-TA and GDC was related to duration of starvation as well as to morpho-functional alterations and adaptation of the brain structures studied during postnatal ontogenesis. PMID- 3238942 TI - [Pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate metabolism in various systemic diseases of the connective tissue]. AB - Ratios of activities of oxidative and nonoxidative enzymes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate metabolism were altered in blood plasma and cells of the patients with systemic impairments of connective tissue. In rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus the enzymatic activity was increased in blood plasma and cells, while the most distinct activation of the enzymes was found in granulocytes. In systemic sclerodermia total activity of the enzymes involved in metabolism of pentose phosphates in granulocytes exceeded 2.6 fold their values under conditions of normal state, whereas activities of the other enzymes studied remained near normal values. Calculation of ratios (mu value) between activities of the pathway oxidative and nonoxidative enzymes showed that the mu value was increased 2.7-fold in rheumatoid arthritis, while this value was decreased in lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerodermia 4.2- and 2-fold, respectively. The mu values, calculated on the basis of estimation of total activity of dehydrogenases from pentose phosphate pathway and total pentose phosphate metabolizing activity, might serve as a convenient diagnostic criterion for estimation of the ratio between activities of oxidative and nonoxidative enzymes involved in pentose phosphate pathway in granulocytes used for differential diagnosis of systemic impairments of connective tissue (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerodermia). PMID- 3238943 TI - [Effect of thermal injury and middle molecular weight peptides on plasma chemiluminescence]. AB - Thermic trauma altered the most of patterns of blood plasma chemoluminescence, which appear to occur as a result of specific shifts in metabolic dynamics in the patients with burns trauma. The patterns of blood chemoluminescence may reflect not only the rate of free radical reactions and lipid peroxidation but as well as the specific response of the neuro-humoral system to trauma. Alterations in content of middle molecular peptides in blood might be among factors responsible for the chemoluminescence intensity. PMID- 3238945 TI - [The mechanism of activation of kallikrein-kinin system in the plasma of patients with atopic allergic diseases]. AB - Data early obtained on activation of the kallikrein-kinin system in acute forms of pollinosis and urticaria were corroborated in vitro. These experiments exhibited enzymatic activation of Hageman factor and prekallikrein using "liberator", obtained after incubation of the leukocyte fraction enriched with basophils and specific allergen. I ml of the "liberator" containing 10(7) cells activated Hageman factor up to 12-20 mU per min (evaluated by BAEE-esterase activity of the kallikrein developed) as well as kallikrein activity was increased up to 80-130 mU within 1.5-2 hrs of incubation. The Hageman factor was distinctly inactivated after long-term incubation with the "liberator". PMID- 3238944 TI - [In vivo effect of L-thyroxine on carbohydrate content of glycoproteins in subcellular fractions of the rat liver]. AB - Effect of various doses of L-thyroxin on content of some carbohydrates (sialic acids, hexosamines, hexoses bound with proteins and L-fucose) in glycoproteins was studied in rat liver subcellular fractions. Content of these carbohydrates was altered similarly in liver tissue, whereas various doses of the hormone caused different changes of the glycoprotein components in liver tissue subcellular fractions. Within 24 days after L-thyroxin administration small doses of the hormone led to elevation of these carbohydrates in mitochondria and microsomes, while their content was unaltered in biomembranes, intermediate doses caused a decrease of the carbohydrates in mitochondria and microsomes and an increase in plasmatic mitochondrial and microsomal membranes, high doses of L thyroxin caused a decrease of the carbohydrates in all the structures studied. Duration of normalization of the glycoprotein carbohydrate components in rat liver tissue depended on the L-thyroxin dose administered. PMID- 3238946 TI - [Dynamics of serotonin and pyridoxal levels in the blood or rats with experimental inflammation after loading with amino acids]. AB - Dynamics in content of serotonin and pyridoxal in blood as well as effect of loading with essential and branch-chained amino acids on these substances were studied in rats with experimental inflammation of skin and hypodermic tissues within various periods of the disease. The exogenous amino acids administered were found to affect particularly the dynamics of serotonin and pyridoxal content in the rat blood independently on their mixtures used. Concentration of serotonin in blood correlated inversely with pyridoxal content within the all periods of the experiment. PMID- 3238947 TI - HIV antibody screening and confirmatory testing of Italian blood donors. One-year experience of a reference center. AB - During the first year (1986) of blood donor screening for antibody to HIV, 201,750 subjects were tested in 40 blood banks of Lombardia (Italy). All sera repeatedly positive by ELISA were submitted to our reference center for confirmation by Western blot (WB). Only 40 (0.02%) of 286 repeatedly reactive donors were positive by WB, whereas another 45 (0.022%) gave atypical antibody reactivities on WB, mainly directed against HIV core proteins. Of the 16 donors with inconclusive WB results followed for 4-12 months, 3 developed a full-blown antibody response, 5 maintained the anti-core reactivity throughout the follow-up period, and 8 lost all reactivities. The use of recombinant env and core antigen ELISAs seems to decrease the proportion of sera with inconclusive WB reactions, and to identify as true positive all seroconverting donors in advance of the WB test. The large majority (35 out of 40) of WB-positive donors and all seroconverters for antibody to HIV admitted to belong to a group at risk for AIDS. Among the 19 first-time donors with HIV infection, we found 3 subjects with serological evidence of LAV-2 infection. We describe also the diagnostic and ethical issues when a donor notification policy is based on WB confirmatory procedures. PMID- 3238948 TI - Screening of blood donors for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type I by sensitive particle agglutination assay. AB - A particle agglutination (PA) assay for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type I (anti-HIV) was used to screen blood donors and to test leukemia and hemophilia patients. Results by PA showed complete agreement with the results of two kinds of enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and the false-positive rate was the same as or lower than with the EIAs. The sensitivity of PA was 10- to 100-fold higher than that of the EIAs. This simple sensitive assay takes less time and fewer personnel than the EIAs, and has been used for massive screening of blood donors in our blood center. PMID- 3238949 TI - Persistent alanine aminotransferase elevation in healthy Swedish blood donors- mainly caused by obesity. AB - Five hundred consecutive healthy blood donors were tested for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and 44 (8.8%) had increased levels. Donors with and without raised ALT were compared in several aspects but only weight (expressed as percentage of ideal body weight) and sex differed significantly (119.1 +/- 14.5 and 106.3 +/- 12.8%, respectively; p less than 0.001 and males 97.7 and 77.1%, respectively; p less than 0.01). The 44 donors with raised ALT were followed up and in 13 out of 15 donors with persistently raised ALT without obvious reason, a liver biopsy was performed. Ten donors had various degrees of liver steatosis, 2 had normal liver morphology and in 1 donor chronic hepatitis could not be ruled out. If ALT screening is introduced as a surrogate test for non-A, non-B hepatitis in Swedish blood donors, we suggest that a correction for overweight must be considered in order to minimize donor loss. PMID- 3238950 TI - Human alloantibodies detecting a red cell antigen apparently identical to MER2. AB - Three examples of an antibody were found to be detecting a red cell polymorphism probably identical to MER2. The antibodies were made by Jews originating from India and living in Israel. Two of them were sibs and the third was unrelated. All 3 had kidney disease requiring renal dialysis and regular blood transfusion. In 2 cases the antibodies were detected before dialysis was started and before the patients had been transfused. The human antibodies reacted with red cells of 90% of Israeli blood donors tested. In tests on selected blood donors, 82 English and 56 Israeli, one of the human antibodies gave almost identical reactions to those given by monoclonal anti-MER2. Anomalous reactions were probably due to anti-Bga. Two of the human antibodies completely blocked, and one partially blocked, the reaction of monoclonal anti-MER2 with MER2+ red cells. PMID- 3238951 TI - An example of anti-Yta demonstrating a change in its clinical significance. AB - The clinical significance of some red cell alloantibodies remains in doubt and can best be studied with long-term 51Cr survival studies. We report a patient whose IgG anti-Yta was initially shown not to shorten the lifespan of 51Cr labeled Yt(a+) red cells. At the time of this study, the subclass of the antibody could not be determined. Twelve weeks after transfusion with 4 units of Yt(a+) red cells, the alloantibody for the first time was demonstrable as IgG1; a repeat radiolabeled red cell survival demonstrated significant shortening of the lifespan of Yt(a+) red cells when they were followed for 7 days. These cells had a marked 'two-component' survival curve. Because the patient also demonstrated autoantibody coating his red cells, the clinical effect of this autoantibody was followed with autologous red cells labeled with 111In; the survival of autologous red cells was normal throughout these studies. Evaluation of the clinical significance of an alloantibody in a patient may require long-term 51Cr red cell survival studies and repetition of these studies after exposure to large quantities of the antigen. PMID- 3238952 TI - The effect of 2 molar urea on Jk (a-b-) red cells. AB - The phenomenon of red cell lysis in urea was investigated for both normal and Jk(a-b-) red cells. Using 14C urea, urea was shown to be transported across the membrane in both cell types. In normal cells this resulted in an influx of water, cell swelling and complete lysis within 2 min. However, in Jk(a-b-) red cells, the presence of urea above 300 mM slowed water movement and delayed hemolysis for at least 15 min. Similar effects could be induced by pretreating normal red cells with p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS) or by raising the pH of the urea solution to 8.0. PMID- 3238953 TI - The risk of acquiring transfusion-transmissible infections. PMID- 3238954 TI - Failure of antenatal high-dose immunoglobulin to improve fetal platelet count in neonatal allo-immune thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3238955 TI - Opsonic and physicochemical characteristics of intravenous immune globulin preparations. PMID- 3238956 TI - [New data on the structure of the human small intestine]. PMID- 3238958 TI - [Prevention of suppurative diseases of the skin and subcutaneous fat in industrial microtrauma]. PMID- 3238957 TI - [Use of no-shpa and phenicaberan in hypertonic biliary dyskinesia in patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3238959 TI - [Secondary prevention of neuroses in workers at industrial enterprises]. PMID- 3238960 TI - [Hygienic assessment of the air environment in the cabins of grain-harvesting combines]. PMID- 3238961 TI - [Broncholytic drug agents in the treatment of dust-induced lung diseases]. PMID- 3238962 TI - [Urinary excretion of proteoglycans in duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3238963 TI - [Improvement in the postgraduate training of physicians in functional diagnosis]. PMID- 3238964 TI - [The organization of drug abuse care for adolescents]. PMID- 3238965 TI - [Observation of patients with artificial cardiac pacemakers]. PMID- 3238966 TI - [Characteristics of the course and diagnosis of malignant degeneration of stomach ulcers]. PMID- 3238967 TI - [The role of opportunistic microflora in the development of chronic nonulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3238968 TI - [Capillary hemangioma of the stomach]. PMID- 3238969 TI - [Vitamin C correction in patients with complicated cholecystitis]. PMID- 3238970 TI - [Characteristics of changes in the oxygen regimen of patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3238971 TI - [The role of x-ray study using drugs in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 3238972 TI - [Morphologic changes of the mucosa of the small intestine in patients with chronic enteritis]. PMID- 3238973 TI - [Clinico-electrocardiographic evaluation of the cardiovascular system in autoimmune thyroiditis]. PMID- 3238974 TI - [The incidence of risk factors for ischemic heart disease among the men of a nonorganized population]. PMID- 3238975 TI - [Clinical significance of histocompatibility antigens of the HLA system in the development of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3238976 TI - [Characteristics of elastolysis and lipid metabolism in arterial hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 3238977 TI - [Electrophoresis of obzidan and magnesium in the combined sanatorium-health resort treatment of patients with hypertension]. PMID- 3238978 TI - [Immune disorders in tonsillogenic lesions of the heart]. PMID- 3238979 TI - [Indices of the polycardiogram in assessing the degree of manifestation of stenosis of the ostium aorticum]. PMID- 3238980 TI - [Mucosal blood flow and the functional state of the stomach and duodenum in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3238981 TI - [Cationic proteins and the phagocytic activity of eosinophils in patients with chronic myeloleukemia and eosinophilic-type leukemoid reactions]. PMID- 3238982 TI - [The cystalgia syndrome]. PMID- 3238983 TI - [Morphofunctional changes of the lungs in chronic kidney failure treated by hemodialysis]. PMID- 3238984 TI - [Clinico-immunologic characteristics of acute pneumonia in patients with risk factors]. PMID- 3238985 TI - [Use of nifedipine in the broncho-obstructive syndrome]. PMID- 3238986 TI - [Organic electrophoresis of chemical preparations in treating pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3238987 TI - [Finoptin treatment of patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 3238988 TI - [Clinical picture of alcoholism in adolescents and youths with a history of craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 3238989 TI - [Effect of pyrogenal on dynamics of reflex-motor disorders in patients with diffuse sclerosis]. PMID- 3238990 TI - [Clinico-electromyographic assessment of early neurologic manifestations of osteochondrosis of the vertebral column]. PMID- 3238991 TI - [Treatment of patients with peptic ulcer using low-intensity noncoherent red light]. PMID- 3238992 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic data on delta infection in viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 3238993 TI - [Bile formation and bile secretion in patients with viral hepatitis A]. PMID- 3238994 TI - [Allergic diseases in patients with viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 3238995 TI - [Long-term observation of patients with ischemic heart disease and its risk in the brown coal mines in Belchatow]. PMID- 3238996 TI - [Analysis of myocardial infarction mortality in a large industrial city district]. PMID- 3238997 TI - [Primary bacterial pneumonia]. PMID- 3238998 TI - [Crural perforating veins in the phlebographic picture]. PMID- 3238999 TI - [Common bile duct calculi after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 3239000 TI - [Alagille's syndrome in 6- and 7-year-old girls]. PMID- 3239001 TI - [Esophagitis as a complication of Sandifer's syndrome]. PMID- 3239002 TI - [Post-traumatic pneumocephalus]. PMID- 3239003 TI - [Necrosis of a myoma in the 20th week of pregnancy]. PMID- 3239004 TI - [Foreign body penetrating to the ethmoid sinus]. PMID- 3239005 TI - [Stomatologic care of children with proliferative diseases with special reference to changes in the mouth mucosa]. PMID- 3239006 TI - [The physician among physicians]. PMID- 3239007 TI - [Disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction in women during menopause]. PMID- 3239008 TI - [Determining chymotrypsin level in stools in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 3239009 TI - [Socioeconomic conditions of pregnant women and the incidence of premature labor]. PMID- 3239010 TI - [Hemorrhage from the cystic artery to the peritoneal cavity]. PMID- 3239011 TI - [Progressive lipodystrophy]. PMID- 3239012 TI - [Intraperitoneal hemorrhage caused by perforation of an inflamed gallbladder]. PMID- 3239013 TI - [Hypocalcemia in patients treated at intensive care units]. PMID- 3239014 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of diet and nutritional status on the course and treatment of chronic diarrhea in children]. PMID- 3239015 TI - [Comparison of the course of chronic diarrhea without permanent damage of the mucosa of the small intestine with the course of celiac disease in children]. PMID- 3239016 TI - [Selected psychosomatic and environmental aspects in patients with irritable bowel syndrome]. PMID- 3239017 TI - [Congenital esophageal atresia in infants]. PMID- 3239018 TI - [Ethylene glycol poisoning]. PMID- 3239019 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin levels in persons exposed to mercury fumes for various periods of time]. PMID- 3239020 TI - [Favorable effect of short-term intravenous infusion of streptokinase in the early phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3239021 TI - [Hemofer poisoning]. PMID- 3239023 TI - [A diet for patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3239022 TI - [A case of extensive hemangioma of the brain]. PMID- 3239024 TI - [Evaluation of various psychosomatic syndromes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3239026 TI - [Arrhythmia in children with simple obesity]. PMID- 3239025 TI - [The natural history of patients with an artificial pacemaker]. PMID- 3239027 TI - [Use of I-131-labeled albumin in the evaluation of protein metabolism in elderly persons]. PMID- 3239029 TI - [Necrosis of the right side of the colon caused by acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3239028 TI - [Effect of intravenous glucose load on post-heparin lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities in the plasma of patients with cerebral infarction]. PMID- 3239030 TI - [Generalized congenital toxoplasmosis as the cause of death of a newborn infant]. PMID- 3239031 TI - [A case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection detected by examination of the sputum]. PMID- 3239032 TI - [Use of histologic examination of the bone marrow in the differential diagnosis of polycythemia]. PMID- 3239033 TI - [Cushing's syndrome with unusual intensity of the symptoms caused by primary cancer of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 3239034 TI - [Toposomatic sign]. PMID- 3239035 TI - [Supraventricular arrhythmia in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 3239036 TI - [Analysis of the causes of delayed diagnosis of cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 3239037 TI - [Abdominal neoplasms among children and adolescents up to 18 years of age]. PMID- 3239038 TI - [The course of pregnancy and labor and the status of newborn infants in women with decidual ectopia of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 3239039 TI - [Cryotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3239040 TI - [Pharyngeal bacterial flora in newborn infants]. PMID- 3239041 TI - [Early period of pneumonia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in an infant]. PMID- 3239042 TI - [Thrombocytopenic purpura in rubella]. PMID- 3239043 TI - [Suppurative parotitis in a child with hepatitis A]. PMID- 3239045 TI - [Incidence of Richter's hernia among the population of Nigeria]. PMID- 3239044 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in a case of meningitis and the problem of therapy]. PMID- 3239046 TI - [Determining cerebral blood flow velocity in patients with arteriosclerosis using an isotope method]. PMID- 3239047 TI - [Usefulness of the analysis of IgE and food antibodies of the IgE class for the diagnosis and treatment of food allergy in children]. PMID- 3239048 TI - [Bifocal malignant lymphoma of the stomach]. PMID- 3239049 TI - [A case of bifocal cancer]. PMID- 3239050 TI - [A case of complications of chronic cholesteatomatous otitis media]. PMID- 3239051 TI - [Zinsser-Engman-Cole syndrome (dyskeratosis congenita) in a 13-year-old boy]. PMID- 3239053 TI - [Mediastinal emphysema complicated by subcutaneous emphysema in status asthmaticus]. PMID- 3239052 TI - [Survival time and the extent of pathomorphologic changes of the myocardium in cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 3239054 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in a case of Weber-Christian disease with predominant digestive tract symptoms]. PMID- 3239055 TI - [Coexistence of endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary and adenocarcinoma of the uterine body as a case of systemic cancer]. PMID- 3239056 TI - [Cardiogenic shock: clinical problems]. PMID- 3239057 TI - [A bedside set for catheterization of the "right heart"]. PMID- 3239058 TI - [The CVA database as an example of the use of a ZX SPECTRUM microcomputer for recording data on neurologic patients for the purpose of scientific research]. PMID- 3239059 TI - [Reflections on the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3239060 TI - [Can streptokinase produce renal changes?]. PMID- 3239061 TI - [Preventive use of vitamin D and fluoride in Austria]. AB - The implementation of the recommended daily vitamin D and fluoride supplements for infants in Austria has been investigated during a nationwide infant nutrition survey (n = 1069). 93.9% of the infants received daily vitamin D supplements, whereas only 38% received fluroide. Rejection of fluoride supplemtation was most common among mothers aged between 30 and 45 years and mothers with university education. In Carinthia, Vorarlberg and Styria only 2 out of 10 infants received fluoride supplements. It seems necessary to reconsider the recommendations for fluoride supplementation in Austria. PMID- 3239062 TI - [Spontaneous variability and reproducibility of Doppler echocardiography determination of heart minute volumes in infancy]. AB - Day-to-day variability in Doppler derived cardiac output measurements was assessed in 10 infants (0-6 months of age) and in 12 older children (1-13 years, mean: 7.4 years) with congenital heart disease which had been treated surgically. There was no valvular stenosis or ventricular septal defect, all patients had technically excellent imaging quality. Standard commercial equipment (Mark 8, ATL; 3, 5 or 7.5 MHz scanheads) was used for echo recordings, which were stored on video tapes and blindly evaluated by an independent investigator. Cardiac outout (CO) was measured over the aortic and pulmonary valves on two consecutive days using standard projections. Mean CO variability of the infants was 32% and 41% for the aortic and pulmonary valves, respectively. The corresponding variability in CO in the older children was 41% and 32% for the aortic and pulmonary valves respectively. The greatest difference existed in measuring cross sectional areas of aorta and pulmonary artery (29-37%). The Doppler parameters showed the lowest variability (13-26%), except for the pulmonary artery in the infants (46%). On heart rate, there was a "physiological" day-to-day variability of 10-20%. CONCLUSION: There is a considerable variability in Doppler derived CO measurements. The detection of CO changes in critically ill children might be missed by this error. CO measurements over the aortic valve seem to be more reliable than over the pulmonary valve. PMID- 3239063 TI - [Plasma thiocyanate determination: a simple method for quantifying the smoking habits of pregnant patients--a preliminary study]. AB - Plasma thiocyanate (SCN) was measured by means of a simple colorimetric method [8] in 328 persons (175 males, 153 females, aged 5-68 years) as part of an ongoing prospective trial on the influence of SCN defined maternal smoking on fetal development. The interassay coefficient of variation for synthetic K thiocyanate solutions was 3.1% (n = 25%); the intrassay coefficient of variation was 1.2% (n = 15). Mean SCN levels were significantly lower in 226 nonsmokers (SCN 41.4 +/- 18.5 mumol/l) than 102 smokers (SCN 81.4 +/- 28.7 mumol/l; p less than 0.01). Of all the variables tested, a direct influence on SCN was found only in the case of diabetes mellitus and haemolytic blood samples (p less than 0.01), whereas age, sex, chronic diseases and nutrition had no effect on SCN. Mean maternal post partum SCN levels (n = 48) were significantly lower in non-smokers (30.2 +/- 11.2) than in smokers (59.3 +/- 23.1). There was a linear relationship between maternal venous plasma and fetal umbilical cord plasma SCN values (r = 0.88; p less than 0.01). Pregnant women had lower SCN levels than non-pregnant women. We conclude that SCN is an easy means of measuring and a reproducible parameter for quantifying smoking behaviour in pregnancy and in the general population. PMID- 3239064 TI - [Immunosuppressive treatment of chronic myocarditis]. AB - 6 children aged 9 months to 13 8/12 years developed reduced physical capacity, failure to thrive, dyspnoea on effort and heart failure after viral infection. Bed rest and anticongestive therapy did not reduce the severe heart failure. Immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone 2 mg/kg/d and azathioprine 2 mg/kg/d was added on the assumption of chronic myocarditis (n = 4) or endocardial fibrosis (n = 2). 3 of the 6 children showed a considerable improvement in heart size, ECG and systolic heart function. Interruption of immunosuppressive therapy due to side effects in one child led to cardiac deterioration, which was reversed by renewed prednisolone therapy. Two patients died of progressive congestive heart failure. Heart transplantation was successfully performed in the now 14 year-old girl who was suffering from terminal dilated cardiomyopathy. Since there is no specific test for selecting patients who are likely to benefit from immunosuppressive therapy we feel this regimen would be justified in hopeless cases of congestive cardiomyopathy who have not responded to conventional therapy with anti-congestive drugs. PMID- 3239065 TI - [Prognosis and documentation of the disease course in severe craniocerebral injuries]. AB - 35 survivors of severe head injury were consecutively admitted to the Neurological Department, University of Vienna for early rehabilitation. The outcome after a mean observation periods of 19 months was compared with clinical signs (best motor response, pupillary light reaction, pupil size) in the acute stage. The clinical signs were graded semiquantitatively. The outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale and compared with alternatives, the Karnofsky Performance Status and a self-designed neuropsychological rating scale. Both indexes appeared to possess certain advantages which included additional information and sensitivity to change. A significant correlation was established between the long-term outcome after severe head injury on the one hand and the "best motor response" and changes in pupillary light reaction in the acute stage on the other hand. However, the clinical parameter of pupil size in the acute stage does not provide a prognostic indicator of the disability status at the end of the observation period. There was good agreement between the outcome scores derived by means of the 3 rating scales. Solely with respect to the items "orientation and memory function" and "emotions" of the neuropsychological rating scale was no significant correlation obtained with the clinical sign "best motor response" in the acute stage. Our results indicate that it seems possible to assess the outcome after severe head injury not only be means of the widely adopted Glasgow Outcome Scale, but also using the Karnofsky Performance Status and our neuropsychological rating scale without any marked loss of reliability. The clinical signs - "best motor response" and pupillary light reaction - are excellent prognostic indicators of the long-term outcome after severe head injury. PMID- 3239066 TI - [Cloning of solid tumors in double agar (human tumor stem cell assay]. AB - 62 specimens from 37 patients with solid malignant tumours were cloned by the human tumour stem cell assay (HTSCA). The growth rate, the use of two different disaggregation methods and their influence on vitality and plating efficiency were analyzed as well as the cloning rate from different tumour regions and metastases. The growth rate was 68%, and there was a significant difference in the vitality, depending on which mode of disaggregation was used. Enzymatic disaggregation showed a higher vitality than the mechanical method, although there was no difference in plating efficiency (PE). There was a marked heterogeneity in the PE of specimens from different sites of the same tumour and lymph node metastases (variation coefficient 0.507 and 2.093 respectively). The possibilities and limitations of the HTSCA are discussed with respect to our own results and those in the literature. PMID- 3239067 TI - [Relation of symptoms and theories of pathology]. AB - The evaluation of symptoms, syndromes and diseases with regard to the explanations which medicine provides for the illness of a certain patient deals with the epistomological dimension of medicine. The central problem of this endeavour is how to apply general theories of diseases (pathological theories) to individual patients. Part of this problem is the structure of the relation between the empirical and the theoretical level, which is the subject of the present investigation. We provide evidence that the two levels are not deductively connected. This is of special importance for practical medicine since it follows that scientifically inexpressible elements must play a part in coming to a rational clinical decision. PMID- 3239068 TI - [Teeth as an intermediate target--a cause for rapid disintegration of the full metal-jacketed bullets used by the military]. AB - Sharp-pointed full metal-jacketed bullets fired from assault rifles are expected to have a low tendency of deformation or destruction within biological tissues. In principle this also should apply to small calibre projectiles .223. If a bullet penetrates the oral region, contact with teeth can cause early break up and even total disintegration of the projectile. Under such circumstances the fragments are possibly retained within the body. A case of accidental gunshot injury to the head inflicted with an assault rifle AUG Steyr. 223 of the Austrian army serves to demonstrate and discuss the wound ballistic effects in relation to the altered behaviour of the projectile. Analogous findings were reproduced in experimental models. PMID- 3239070 TI - [Signal processing by analog/digital conversion using personal computers. II: Selection of hardware and software]. AB - Hard- and software components offered by different manufacturers are compared with regard to applicability within clinical research projects. The fact that hard- and software have to communicate intensively during A/D conversion is given special attention, and the resulting guidelines for the selection of components are discussed. Accessing converted data from customized evaluation programs, as well as concepts of data transfer to a mainframe are covered in separate sections. PMID- 3239069 TI - [Personal preparation of bicarbonate solutions--cost comparison and quality control]. AB - Haemodialysis with bicarbonate dialysate is well established in the treatment of chronic renal failure. The costs of bicarbonate haemodialysis are higher than acetate haemodialysis. Commercially available bicarbonate solutions are sold from AS 129.- to AS 189.- per 8 litre canister (December 1987). The self-prepared solution contains 650 g bicarbonate (for AS 8.-) in 8 litres of deionized water. In 10 patients on regular dialysis treatment haemodialysis were performed with both commercially available and self-prepared solutions for a 3 week period. Blood and dialysate samples were obtained before and 10 minutes, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h after starting haemodialysis. Osmolality, Na+, K+, Cl-, pO2, pCO2 and pH were measured in the dialysate and in the serum, as well as serum lactate levels. There were no significant differences and the biochemical changes were similar with both preparations. In our centre with about 4000 bicarbonate dialyses yearly, AS 500,000.- to AS 700,000.- could be saved by self preparation of the dialysate. PMID- 3239071 TI - [Definition and delineation of syncopes and drop attacks]. AB - Syncope on the one hand and drop attacks on the other hand are clearly and factually defined in this paper. The conditions are differentiated from one another and also from other cerebral attacks. Thus, an inappropriate hyperextension of terminology beyond the limits of acceptability is counteracted. PMID- 3239072 TI - [Value of myocardial scintigraphy of coronary anomaly in the differential diagnosis of pediatric cardiomegaly]. AB - The differentiation between anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) and other causes of cardiomegaly and thereby the decision to operate, as opposed to undertaking conservative therapy is often extremely difficult in clinical practice. Electrocardiographically, signs of myocardial infarction can be missed in ALCAPA, other forms of dilative cardiomyopathy (DCMP) often showing similar clinical features. Up to now aortography alone can make a clear-cut distinction between these two entities. In order to determine the diagnostic value of thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in ALCAPA, we investigated 18 children, 7 of them with angiographically or autoptically established ALCAPA and 11 patients with DCMP. The coronary artery anomaly was diagnosed on the basis of the typical myocardial perfusion defects in only 3 of the relevant 7 patients. In 9 of the 11 patients with DCMP ALCAPA was excluded by the homogeneous perfusion pattern or small focal reduction in thallium-201 activity in the left ventricular muscle mass. In view of the overall disappointing results of this method in achieving a specific diagnosis in ALCAPA, all patients with DCMP with or without suspected fibroelastosis should undergo invasive diagnosis with aortography. PMID- 3239073 TI - [Echocardiography methods in the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies in children]. AB - We investigated 59 children with cardiomyopathy (CMP) by echocardiographic methods (ECHO). 29 children with dilated CMP showed typical enlargement of the left ventricle 159 +/- 31%, xxx; (% of normal value +/- SD) and of the left atrium (143 +/- 27%, xxx). Systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle were decreased, systolic change in size of the left ventricle % delta D = 16 +/- 7%; xxx; systolic change in area of the left ventricle % delta A = 20 +/- 8%; xxx; maximum filling rate of the left ventricle in the phase of quick filling E max = 0.37 +/- 0.09 m. sec-1, xxx; the percentage of filling in the first third of diastole 0.33 DA = 37 +/- 9%, xx. Mitral insufficiency was found by us in 81% of children. In 25 children with hypertrophic CMP the size of left ventricle was decreased (81 +/- 13%, xxx). Asymmetric septal hypertrophy was found by us in 69% of children, symmetric hypertrophy in 27%, local hypertrophy of the apex in 4%. Systolic function of the left ventricle was increased (% delta D = 47 +/- 10%, xxx; % delta A = 70 +/- 10%, xxx). Diastolic dysfunction manifested itself by reduced E max (0.71 +/- 0.19 m.sec-1, xx) and 0.33 DA (45 +/- 12%, x). Mitral insufficiency was found in 54% of the children. In the case of the 5 children with restrictive CMP an extreme enlargement of left atrium (195 +/- 41%, xxx) was typical, as well as diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (0.33 DA = 67 +/- 6%, x).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239074 TI - [Development of the spatial organization of the myocardium]. AB - The spatial organization of cardiac muscle was studied in the developmental stages of the rat. In the 10-day embryo the heart loop has formed and the different cardiac segments can be distinguished by the presence of intersegmental constrictions of the myocardial wall. The intersegmental myocardium looks already well organized, whereas the free segmental walls still lack a lengthwise orientation of the myocytes. On the 15th embryonic day the intersegmental zones are still the best organized, the free ventricular walls still showing areas of unorganized myocytes. Early differentiation thus seems to be concentrated in the intersegmental myocardium. This differentiation could serve contraction, as well as impulse conduction. Development of the endomysial collagen skeleton was seen in later stages. On the 13th embryonic day, collagen fibres were only seen in the septum transversum and around the venous sinus. Collagen development appeared to progress subepicardially from the venous towards the arterial pole. On the 16th day collagen fibres were found within the ventricular myocardium, but mainly in the intersegmental zones. The free ventricular walls were invested with collagen only on the 17th embryonic day, but the subendocardial myocardium, which is trabeculated and traversed by endocardial sinusoids, was relatively poor in collagen. Thus, a comparison can be made between the development of collagen and that of the coronary vascular system, which arises from epicardial as well as endocardial contributions. Further morphometric studies showed that the collagen content of ventricular myocardium gradually rises until the end of the 4th postnatal week. PMID- 3239075 TI - Government policy and women's health care: the Swedish alternative. PMID- 3239076 TI - Women, work and computers. AB - The introduction of computers into the working environment may raise fundamental issues about the organization of work, the working environment and other fundamental social and health issues. This paper delineates some of these social and health issues and describes governmental and private initiatives designed to understand them and to prevent potential adverse effects. In addition, results of an ongoing study of a research project, the RAM project, on computerization and the psychosocial environment of work are described. Based on these data, recommendations for future programs and actions designed to maximize worker health and well-being, with a particular emphasis on women's roles and needs, are made. PMID- 3239077 TI - The Gotland house: family relations through four generations in rural Sweden. AB - In discussing the opportunities for development in the local space, one should not go astray in theoretical speculations since development springs from the hearts of the people and their societies. In this story, we follow a family on an old farm on the Baltic island of Gotland through four generations--from Jaken, born in 1866 to the great-great-grandchild, born in 1973. It is a story of silence between husband and wife, of bitterness and rape in marriage, of the woman's dread of a new pregnancy. But also of how life on the farm has changed with the new age, and of love and fellowship between the young, who bring their child into the world together. Hence it provides not only a moving account of hitherto little-known aspects of human life in the rural areas of Sweden over the last hundred years, but also a unique insight into the developments that have taken place on a deeply personal level during this period. Berit Larsson has been a district nurse and a midwife on the island of Gotland for more than 30 years. The story appears here as told by her to Hanna Olsson. It was rendered into English by Alan Blair. The illustrations are by a Gotland artist, Ingrid Hamrell Martensson. PMID- 3239078 TI - Violence against women. AB - In Sweden as in most other Western countries, violence against women has become a public issue. Despite its historic occurrence in virtually every time period of human existence, it has only recently been defined as a social "problem" and not as a private affair. Most social programs that deal with the problem are therefore quite recent so that little definitive evaluation of their impact is available as yet. This paper attempts to provide a short survey of the most important activities for coutnering violence against women that are currently ongoing in Sweden. PMID- 3239079 TI - The organization of work in Sweden. AB - The well-being of workers in Sweden is extensively protected through legislation and through the activities of organized labor which represents the great majority of Swedish workers. Despite the comparatively advanced state of Swedish social legislation and the large percentage of women represented by trade unions, women remain at a disadvantage both in terms of job advancement and the quality of working life. The author of this article, a trade union official who works in the area of women's equality, provides case examples and personal insights as to the current and future needs of women workers, particularly with regard to the organization of work. PMID- 3239080 TI - Affirmative action by labor unions to increase equality in the work environment. AB - Despite the major legislative and contractual gains made by women in the area of equality of opportunity, women continue to be employed in occupations and positions which are inferior to those of males. Their value is underestimated and indeed their contributions are often "invisible" in terms of social and monetary recognition. The author of this social essay describes several situations where the "invisibility" of women's work has lead to severe social stress. She provides concrete examples and suggestions for change and for making women's work socially "visible." PMID- 3239081 TI - The power over medical research. AB - Modern medical research is dependent on many political considerations such as the funding sources and the personal belief systems of those in control of setting the directions for the use of those funds. The author provides information on the role of women in that decision-making structure. She details several areas of research which have a direct impact on the health of women but in which women have little or no role in setting policy. She concludes that if the situation is to be changed women must play a much more active role in both determining research policy and in carrying out the research itself. PMID- 3239082 TI - Reproductive health and reproductive freedom: maternal health care and family planning in the Swedish health system. AB - Health care for mothers and children has been a cornerstone of the Swedish system of health care for many years, starting in the 1930s, when a national network of maternal health centers offered a variety of free prenatal services. This paper describes modern maternal health services whose primary goal is preventive care. Instruments for attaining this goal are regular check-ups for early detection of problems and for maintenance of good health; social and psychological support to expectant parents; information and training to prepare parents for delivery and parenting; information and education about risk factors in the parents' local environment and in society in general. Details of how these programs were developed, delivered and evaluated are provided by the author, a former Senior Medical Officer at the National Board of Health and Welfare, responsible for maternal health care and family planning on a national level. PMID- 3239083 TI - Health hazards related to ergonomic work conditions. AB - Health hazards related to unsuitable ergonomic work conditions among female employees in Sweden are reviewed. The statistics on reported occupational strain injuries form an important source of information on prevention. The report rate is higher among men than among women, but in some high risk occupations the figures are similar. Reported cases concerning neck, arm and shoulder disorders constitute a larger proportion among women. This finding probably reflects differences in work load characteristics, women more often performing repetitive monotonous work tasks in the manufacturing industry. Serious ergonomic problems exist for women in the service sector although the statistical evidence for increased morbidity is not yet available. PMID- 3239084 TI - Women's health and women's work in health services: what statistics tell us. AB - This article draws together statistical information in several broad areas that relate to women's health, women's reproductive activities and women's occupations in Sweden. The statistical analysis reflects the major changes that have occurred in Swedish society and that have had a major impact on the health and well-being, as well as on the social participation rate, of women. Much of the data is drawn from a recent special effort at Statistic Sweden aimed at influencing the classification, collection and presentation of statistical data in all fields in such a way that family, working, education, health and other conditions of women can be more readily and equitably compared with those of men. In addition, social changes have seen the shifting of the responsibility of health care from the unpaid duties of women in the home to health care institutions, where female employees predominate. These trends are also discussed. PMID- 3239085 TI - Swedish women and new technology. AB - This paper provides information and analysis on the overall situation of women in Sweden with regard to computer based new technology. It is based on a survey of computer use in Sweden, carried out in June 1984 by Statistics Sweden. The aim of the study was to ascertain the knowledge base and experience with computers of the Swedish population. In order to study whether sex differences exist a special analysis of the data was carried out. Women are involved in new technology in Sweden to a very great extent, however, there is male dominance in both the initiation and development of the technology. This may be as much reflective of general male and female roles in the workplace as of the nature of new technology itself. PMID- 3239086 TI - Salmonella and nursing home residents. PMID- 3239087 TI - Trends in care for the elderly in geriatric psychiatry. PMID- 3239088 TI - Understanding managed care. PMID- 3239089 TI - Loss prevention. The physician's role in fueling liability fires. PMID- 3239090 TI - Electronic information in the medical office. PMID- 3239091 TI - Professional licenses and AIDS. PMID- 3239092 TI - Board targets tort reform in 1989-90. PMID- 3239093 TI - [Pediatric bronchopneumonology at the present time--need and limits for a subspecialty]. PMID- 3239094 TI - [Significance of stenoses of the main bronchus within the scope of congenital abnormalities of the respiratory tract]. AB - During a period of 23 years (1962 to 1984) we found 197 children with stenoses of the main bronchi among 2,000 bronchological first examinations of children suffering from chronic or recurring bronchopulmonary diseases. In 75 children these stenoses were combined with those of the trachea, in 122 children they were restricted to the main bronchi. The left main bronchus showed an predominant incidence of 85 per cent. Only in 5 cases an extrabronchial cause could be established by anomalous vessels. In the main part of the patients we found intramural stenoses due to congenital circumscribed malazia or to complete aplasia of the bronchial cartilage. The clinical symptoms of a recurring obstructive bronchitis were predominating in nearly 80 per cent of the patients. By follow-up investigations of 65 children with an average duration of 8 years no deaths had occurred. Forty children (65 per cent) were without any complaints and could be physically loaded in a normal way, whereas 21 children showed persistent mild or moderate complaints. In two patients with cystic fibrosis and two others without this basic disorder bronchiectases had developed distal of the stenoses. Bronchological controls after an average follow-up of 3 1/2 years showed in 60 per cent of the children still unchanged stenoses and deforming changes of the bronchial wall distal of the stenoses in contrast to the more favourable clinical findings. PMID- 3239095 TI - [Bronchoscopy and bronchography in newborn infants and infants]. AB - In 20 years (1965 to 1984) 428 infants (604 investigations) in the first year of life were bronchoscoped in our hospital; 109 out of them were newborns (119 investigations). Bronchographies were performed in 94 infants including 2 newborns. In the last 10 years the number of investigations decreased. Most frequent indications of bronchoscopies were stridor, aspiration and atelectasis. The usefulness of bronchological investigations in patients with oesophago tracheal fistula, tracheal stenosis following long time intubation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia is pointed out. The diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage can be recommended for newborns and infants too. PMID- 3239096 TI - The transmural potential difference (tmpd) of the bronchial mucosa in children with chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases (CF- and non-CF-children). AB - In 49 children with chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases (CNSRD) of them 6 with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), 18 with extrinsic bronchial asthma and 25 children with relapsing or chronic bronchitis, the tmpd were measured in the tracheobronchial system (bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia). The tmpd differed statistically highly significant (p less than 0.001). In asthmatics with significant eosinophilia in the bronchial secretions of the main bronchus we found a tmpd of 26.2 (+/- 9.2) mV, in bronchitics of 18.7 (+/- 6.2) mV and in CF children receiving routinely N-acetylcysteine 6.1 (+/- 1.8) mV. Since the local application of this drug produced an additional immediate decrease of the tmpd in CF-children this suggests that such drugs, the presence or absence of eosinophils in the secretions, the products of intermediate cell metabolism or the different pathogenic process could be responsible for the varying values of the tmpd in the respiratory tract. PMID- 3239097 TI - [Combined 113Xe/99mTC human serum albumin microspheres lung scintigraphy in children with recurrent and chronic bronchitis]. AB - A total of 117 children with recurrent and chronic bronchitis aged from 2 months to 16 years were subjected to combined ventilation-perfusion scan of the lungs with 133Xe-gas and 99mTc-HAM. It served as a screening before bronchological examination with the aim to get a more exact indication for bronchography which leads to a higher stress in children because of anaesthesia and radioscopy. Due to combined lung scan, the number of bronchological examinations could be reduced from 109 in 1984 to 79 in 1985 and even to 54 in 1986. Among the 117 children suffering from bronchitis, we found normal scans in 16 cases, perfusion defects in 59 cases, combined ventilation-perfusion defects in 41 cases and one case showed a pure ventilation defect. The lung scan should be applied in the framework of bronchopulmonary standard diagnosis. PMID- 3239098 TI - [Detection of bronchial hyperreactivity especially in exercise asthma using cold air hyperventilation provocation, free walking and acetylcholine]. AB - In 92 children with different severity of bronchial asthma, a provocation by hyperventilation with cold air has been performed. Forty seven percent of the patients reacted with significant changes of RvD, of RoS, and of FEV1. All patients with negative response to cold air (53%) showed a significant increase of Ros after the inhalation of acetylcholine (threshold value: less than or equal to 0.1%). Eighty percent of the examined asthmatics with negative reaction to cold air reacted after free running with a significant increase of Ros. Thus, the hyperreactivity to a stress by cold air was no general or regular phenomenon in the patients with bronchial asthma investigated by us. There was also no correlation between complaints triggered by exercise reported in the anamnesis, the results of provocation tests using cold air, and the results of respiratory function test after free running. PMID- 3239099 TI - [ECG changes in the long-term management of children with mucoviscidosis]. AB - 123 ECG were analysed in 33 patients with cystic fibrosis. The authors investigated the criteria of right and left ventricular hypertrophy and discussed their frequency and validity. PMID- 3239100 TI - [Noninvasive examination methods in the detection of right heart hypertrophy in children with mucoviscidosis]. AB - Pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular hypertrophy (Cor pulmonale) is a critical complication in cystic fibrosis patients. Early detection and therapy might decrease mortality. Noninvasive diagnostic methods as vector-ECG, m-mode echocardiography and thallium myocardial scintigraphy were performed in 50 children with cystic fibrosis to determine the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 3239101 TI - [Intrathoracic gastric duplication with intrapulmonary abscesses and perforation into the bronchial system--pathologico-anatomic peculiarities and diagnostic problems]. AB - Gastric and enteric cysts represent genuine duplications. With regard to their genesis opinions are divided. These duplications may perforate into the lung parenchyma and/or the bronchial system, giving rise to specific symptoms. The only possible therapy is complete extirpation. The intrapulmonary metastases are drained and aspirated and can be cured without loss of lung tissue. A report is given on a thoracic cystic gastric duplication with haemorrhagic inflammation of the mucous membrane associated with erosions in a 8-week old boy. Clinically, the duplication was reflected by poor general health, dyspnea and tachypnea. The perforation into the bronchial system caused respiratory insufficiency. Using antibiotic therapy, immune substitution and surgery in combination, the boy was cured. The morphological findings, causative embryological factors, and diagnostic possibilities and problems are discussed. PMID- 3239102 TI - [Determinations of blood theophylline level in a severe asthma attack in childhood treated with respirator therapy]. AB - The authors describe the course of a severe asthma emergency in a boy aged 13 years. Respirator therapy and bronchial lavage were required. A therapeutically effective serum concentration was initially obtained by an aminophyllin infusion (dose 1.2 mg/kg b.w./h after bolus injection with 6 mg/kg b.w.). In the further course of treatment the theophyllin concentration in serum decreased considerably. The advantage of theophyllin determination for guaranteeing a safe therapy is explained on the base of this case report. PMID- 3239103 TI - [Embolization of the bronchial artery in the treatment of severe lung hemorrhage in patients with cystic fibrosis]. AB - The embolization of corresponding branches of the bronchial artery in the event of severe haemoptysis in patients with cystic fibrosis is an effective measure, well tolerated by these patients. The experience in 5 cases is reported. PMID- 3239104 TI - Comparison of rats with mice concerning the response of lipid metabolism to dietary fats. AB - Rats and mice were compared regarding their responses to cholesterol-free or high cholesterol diets containing either corn oil or coconut fat. In rats fed a cholesterol-free diet, but not in the mice, corn oil caused an increase in serum and liver cholesterol when compared with coconut fat. Corn oil reduced serum triglycerides and increased fecal excretion of neutral steroids in the rats, whereas these variables were not affected in the mice. Fecal bile acid excretion was reduced in mice but not altered in rats. When the diets contained 1% (w/w) of cholesterol, the rats and mice responded rather similar to corn oil. This study suggests that the response to dietary fats can be species-dependent in some respects. PMID- 3239105 TI - [The effect of long-term increased protein administration on mineral metabolism and kidney function in the rat. I. Renal and enteral excretion of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfate and acid]. AB - The influence of continuous imbalanced high protein intake on the metabolism of minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus) and renal function was the subject of a long-term experiment with rats. In the first part of the study particular attention was directed to the contribution of protein-induced endogenous acid production and renal excretion of hydrogen ions and sulphate to the development of hypercalciuria. For 61 weeks 200 male Wistar rats in eight groups were fed isocaloric diets, whose protein contents were increased from 13 to 26 and 40 J% at the expense of carbohydrate intake. The fat content of the diets was 40 J%. In two groups with 13 and 26 J% protein the effect of different kinds of animal protein was also studied, replacing casein by beef. Mineral contents were kept constant in these diets. To examine the excretion mechanisms of calcium and phosphorus especially under conditions of excessive protein intake, the ratio of calcium to phosphorus was varied in three diets with 40 J% protein by increasing both minerals alternatively or together from 0.6 to 1.2%. An increase in dietary protein content from 13 to 26 or 40 J% produced a sustained hypercalciuria and also hypermagnesiuria over a period of more than 400 days (after 58 weeks: 3.3, 5.9, and 6.8 mg calcium/day; 2.2, 3.3, and 3.4 mg magnesium/day; p less than or equal to 0.05). No adaptation to high protein intake occurred. Hypermagnesiuria, which equally hasn't been described before as a result of high protein intake, was accompanied by a reduced fecal excretion of magnesium. With increased protein intake (casein and beef) hypercalciuria and also hypermagnesiuria were positively correlated with an increased formation and renal excretion of hydrogen ions and sulphate, which resulted from protein catabolism. The dietary protein source influenced the extent of hypercalciuria, irrespective of a constant phosphorus intake. Although leading to equal increases in renal total acid and sulphate excretion, beef as the main protein source caused a lower calciuria than casein. High phosphorus intake caused the highest total acid excretion of all groups, but resulted in a reduced hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria and counteracted the influence of an increased protein intake. PMID- 3239106 TI - [The effect of long-term increased protein administration on mineral metabolism and kidney function in the rat. II. Kidney function and bone mineralization]. AB - In the Federal Republic of Germany the average daily protein intake exceeds the Recommended Dietary Allowances for adults (0.8 g protein/kg body weight) by about 100%. On the other hand calcium intake is below the recommendations for certain age groups. Protein-induced hypercalciuria involves the risk of depletion of skeletal calcium stores, especially for older people who have a decreased absorption capacity for calcium. As a result of our study we postulate, that an altered renal function probably is one inducing factor of hypercalciuria. While urea excretion and serum urea concentration increased with an elevated dietary protein content from 13 to 26 or 40 J%, glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged. Fractional tubular reabsorption of calcium was significantly reduced by about 3% with increased endogenous acid production and renal excretion of hydrogen ions (first part of the study), which were accompanying a higher protein intake of 40 J% compared to 13 J% protein in the control group. Increasing the phosphorus content of the diet improved the reabsorption of calcium and magnesium. The kidneys of rats fed diets high in protein and phosphorus were hypertrophied. Histology of the kidneys showed signs of glomerulonephrosis. While the calcium content of the femora was slightly reduced with a higher protein intake of 40 compared to 13 J%, the magnesium content was increased (after 61 weeks: calcium from 261.4 to 257.1 mg/g dry fat-free wt [p less than or equal to 0.05]; magnesium from 3.2 to 3.5 mg/g dry fat-free wt [p less than or equal to 0.001]). Calcium and magnesium metabolism depends not only on the level of protein intake, but also on its interrelation with the dietary phosphorus content. With continuous high protein intake higher intakes for calcium, phosphorus and magnesium should be recommended, especially for older people. PMID- 3239107 TI - Changes of some lipid and lipid peroxidation characteristics in obese people as a result of a low energy diet. AB - In blood samples of 54 obese persons (13 men, 41 women) some lipid components, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of free radical protecting enzymes superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSHpx), were determined before and after a seven-day slimming diet of 2.1 MJ/day. Body weight, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and HDL-3-cholesterol all decreased, total cholesterol increased after the seven days hospitalization. After continuing the slimming diet (5.0-6.3 MJ/day) at home, HDL-2-cholesterol increased and total cholesterol returned to the initial value after three months. MDA decreased in the groups of hyperlipoproteinemia II/a and II/b and also in the group with high cholesterol and triglyceride levels (above 5.7 and 2.7 mmol/l). Correlation coefficients refer to the dominant role of high TG in the intensity of lipid peroxidation. The activity of SOD fell after the slimming, independent of lipid parameters. GSHpx activity remained unchanged except a drop in the male participants having high cholesterol levels. The behavior of the free radical protecting enzymes needs further examination. PMID- 3239108 TI - The effect of a free mackerel-supplemented diet on plasma and lipoprotein lipid concentrations in normolipidemic subjects. AB - The effect of mackerel consumption on plasma and lipoprotein lipid concentrations was studied in a seven-day experiment in eight healthy, normolipidemic subjects. Participants ate about 100 g mackerel (corresponding to about 2.5-3 g omega 3 fatty acids daily. The mean triglyceride concentrations in total plasma, VLDL, and LDL were significantly reduced by 40, 46.7, and 38.5% respectively after fish consumption. There was also a small (non-significant) reduction of plasma cholesterol and a (significant) increase of the ratio of HDL/total plasma cholesterol. These data show that a moderately increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids by fish food can change lipid characteristics in healthy normolipidemic individuals within a short-time period, even on a free diet. PMID- 3239110 TI - Influence of different dietary proteins on plasma growth hormone in rats. AB - Dietary casein, compared to vegetable protein, causes hypercholesterolemia in some animal species. This may be associated with a change of hormonal status. Among others, GH has an important impact on cholesterol metabolism; GH deficiency results in hypercholesterolemia. This paper shows that the rhythmic variation of GH levels in rats is differently affected by different dietary proteins. Within a 4-h observation period overall mean values and integrated areas under the GH levels plotted against time are higher with casein as compared to soy protein. Secretory GH peak values are lower than reported before for chow-fed rats. These observations support the idea that different dietary proteins cause a different endocrine response. As GH levels are higher with casein, while lower levels would be expected to be associated with hypercholesterolemia, the observed differences are obviously of less relevance for the expression of casein-induced hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 3239109 TI - [Effect of cod liver oil administration on blood lipid levels, lipoprotein profile and bleeding time]. AB - In a research study performed over eight months with five female and six male subjects (age 35-67 years) the effect of cod liver oil on the lipoprotein composition in the blood was tested. The main goal was to prove that the regular administration of so-called highly unsaturated omega-3-fatty acid components in fish oil (4 g per day over six months) may lead to a reduction of triglyceride and total cholesterol values. Furthermore, any changes in HDL and LDL cholesterol fractions as well as the bleeding time were registered. The average values of all subjects showed an essential reduction of the triglyceride and cholesterol values. The control examination after 8 months even showed a continuous trend. The LDL fractions on an average remained unchanged. It can be taken for granted that the administration of unsaturated fatty acids in cod liver oil shows a successful therapeutic effect by the reduction of triglyceride and cholesterol values. The anti-atherosclerotic and the anti-platelet aggregational effect of fish oil has been described in many publications. PMID- 3239111 TI - Effect of dietary cholesterol on spermatogenesis. AB - Cholesterol fed to male rats and rabbits for 120 days impaired testicular function. The production of secondary spermatocytes in rats and rabbits was reduced by 26.1% and 46.9%, respectively. There was significant reduction in spermatid cell population, seminiferous tubules, and Leydig's cell nuclear dimensions. In rats aortic endothelium showed some alterations while in rabbits full-blown atherosclerotic plaque containing a necrotic core and a proliferative fibrous cap was found. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids of the testes were increased whereas, testicular glycogen was significantly reduced. Three- and sevenfold increases were noticed in the serum cholesterol levels of rats and rabbits. The LDL cholesterol values were increased while the HDL cholesterol/Total cholesterol ratio was significantly decreased (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that hypercholesterolemia affects the testicular function and aortic endothelium. PMID- 3239112 TI - [Improved biological availability of zinc in coarse meal and crisp meal bread]. AB - A study was undertaken to determine whether the reduction of the molar phytic acid/zinc ratio by enrichment of wholemeal and crispbread with zinc improves zinc availability to the same extent as does the reduction of phytic acid in whole meal cereal products. For three weeks, five diets (three samples of wholemeal bread and two samples of crispbread] were fed to growing rats. Significant increases in bone-zinc deposition and activity of serum alkaline phosphatase were induced by those bread samples in which the phytic acid/zinc ratio had been lowered either by enrichment with zinc or by reduction of phytic acid (enzymatic hydrolysis by adjusting the pH-value of the dough with lactic acid) when compared with untreated bread samples. Weight gain of the animals differed little between the groups. The results suggest that it is possible to improve zinc availability in wholemeal cereal products high in phytate by enrichment with zinc. PMID- 3239113 TI - Determination of the phospholipid content of human milk, cow's milk and various infant formulas. AB - The phospholipid (PL) content of human milk, cow's milk, and various infant formulas was determined by recently developed high performance liquid chromatography (6). As the examinations promised, the content of phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingomyelin (SP) was not changed by homogenization and pasteurization of cow's milk. Levels of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) were below the detection limit. Furthermore it has been proved that human milk and cow's milk are more or less identical in PL content. Some of the PL in human milk varies during the course of pregnancy and postpartum. PI, PC, and SP content in the prepartum mammarial secretion lies above the average content of mature human milk after delivery. Before the contractions start, all the PL examined show a more or less considerable decrease. PC drops to 30% of the value at the beginning of the examination six weeks before delivery. PG contents are very low throughout the whole period. Contrary to the others, PC content recovers three weeks after delivery, which may be the result of the endogenous surfactant replacement system. To compare PL content with human milk and cow's milk, 13 different infant formulas have been examined. There are considerable differences to be found in and among adapted milk, partially adapted milk, and special formulas. None of the PL examined could be found in all the infant formulas, where PG content was usually low, except in some Milupa formulas. PE and PI were not to be found in some special formulas. Most of the formulas contain high amounts of SP, in some cases higher than the amount of PC. To a certain extent infant formulas contain a considerably greater amount of other PL concentrations than human milk and cow's milk. In most of the formulas examined the PL content is generally so high, that it can be used as a source of PL for the newborn. PMID- 3239115 TI - [Diagnostic value of molecular weight related urinary protein electrophoresis in normal total protein excretion]. AB - The electrophoresis of urinary proteins related to the molecular weight in SDS polyacrylamide gels stood the test for the clarification of the cause of proteinurias. Also in normal excretion of the total protein the analysis of protein is reasonable after concentration of the urine. In the electrophoretic separation of 104 urinary specimens with a maximum protein content of 0.15 g/l in 44 cases a normal protein pattern was found. In 60 cases pathological patterns occurred which in their protein composition greatly corresponded to the damage within the nephron to be expected in the different clinical diagnoses. The results show that the SDS-polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis is suitable for the early recognition and differentiation of injuries of the kidneys. PMID- 3239114 TI - Trans fatty acid content of selected brands of West German nut-nougat cream. AB - The fatty acid composition including trans fatty acids of 12 brands of nut-nougat creams were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. The creams consisted mainly of sugar and partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. The lipid content, which was quantified gravimetrically, amounted to between 30 and 38.2% in the different brands. The fatty acid composition varied considerably between the different creams. Linoleic acid, the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), ranged from 12 to 39%. Palmitic acid (16:0), which was the main fatty acid, varied from 9 to 27%. The total trans fatty acid content of the 12 creams ranged from 0.9 to 12.3%. Only two of the creams contained less than 1% of trans fatty acids; 18:1t was the trans fatty acid found in the greatest amounts, whereas 16:1t and 14:1t were only found in trace amounts. Three samples had amounts of 18:2tt, 18:2ct, and 18:2tc between 0.7 and 1.06%; only small amounts of linoleate isomers were detected in the other creams. Our results show that trans fatty acids are present in every brand of chocolate cream tested. Since the potential risk of arteriosclerosis and cancer resulting from the consumption of trans fatty acids is not yet clear, different ways of production should be used in order to eliminate them from the creams that are a preferred bread spread of infants and children. PMID- 3239117 TI - [The diagnosis of analgesic nephropathy]. AB - Inspired by the large proportion of at least 17% of nephropathy due to analgesics as the basic disease among the patients undergoing chronic dialysis in Erfurt and under the impression of a greatly distributed "underdiagnosis" of this avoidable disease the actual diagnostic possibilities for recognition are demonstrated. Above all, in analgesic syndrome the thinking-of is of greatest importance, and the sensible making of the patient's analgesics history. The presumable diagnosis analgesic nephropathy is than made secure by means of imaging methods, with the help of which the almost pathognomonic papillary necroses can be demonstrated. Finally, the reasons are given for the importance of the exact diagnosis analgesic nephropathy, even in the stage of nephrocirrhosis. PMID- 3239116 TI - [Amyloidosis of the kidneys in Crohn disease]. AB - At the instance of the variegated anamnesis of a patient with Crohn's disease the unusually rapid development of a secondary amyloidosis of the kidneys is described. Crohn's disease became manifest at the 17th year of age. The severe course of the disease of the last four years with relapsing intraabdominal abscesses and multiple formations of fistulae might be significant for the pathogenesis of the amyloidosis. If the local complications of Crohn's disease are controlled then the amyloidosis still threatens the patient's life. In case the inflammatory process could be cured the consequence would as expected be the alleviation of the amyloidosis. An additional colchicine therapy may then accelerate the process of healing. However, the nature of Crohn's disease is uncertain. PMID- 3239118 TI - [Plasmapheresis--an international determination of status]. AB - The development of the therapeutic plasmapheresis reaches from the beginnings of the centrifugation technique in the early fifties and the appearance of membrane plasma filters in the late seventies up to numbers of treatment of about a quarter of a million a year all over the world. Instead of the former uncritical euphoria in the selection of patients nowadays a strict indication occupied the position. Efforts all over the world to confirm scientifically the efficacy of the plasmapheresis have not been finished up to now. Geographical differences in the diagnosis are in most cases the sequels of subjective factors of locally dominating working teams, which is demonstrated on the basis of international statistics. Specific modifications such as cascade filtration and plasma absorption are described. PMID- 3239119 TI - [Conditioning treatment in hypotonia with complications]. AB - The social-medical significance of hypotension is in general underestimated. For females between the 18th and 35th year of age it has the same significance for the number of patients as the arterial hypertension. The hospital conditioning is the therapy of choice. About half the affected persons needs psychotherapy. Changes of the functional parameters could not be proved after single treatment, but ameliorations of the general condition and improvements in the patients' physical health could be made evident in the region of psychological tests. PMID- 3239120 TI - [Early rehabilitation following myocardial infarct--results and conclusions]. AB - Carried out within the framework of the GDR myocardial infarction control programme, the study presents the organisational model of early rehabilitation of postinfarction patients in convalescence (phase II according to WHO) in health resorts and sanatoria. By referring to a multicentric study conducted on 5,069 patients in sanatoria of the GDR, a higher physical performance and cardiac relaxation are set forth as essential results, coupled with a decline in the sympathico-adrenergic response, which are concomitant with an improved state of health. Twelve months following the cure, 77% of the patients regained their ability to work, with 71% of them back in their former jobs. PMID- 3239121 TI - [Principles of modern antibiotic therapy in the general practice and clinic. Discussion of the contribution by Walter Siegenthaler and Gertrude Siegenthaler Zuber published in Z. gesamte inn. Med. 42 (1987) 614-618]. AB - W. Siegenthaler's and G. Siegenthaler-Zuber's opinion, according to which in the majority of infections in practice an etiological (microbiological) diagnosis may be renounced and the guiding slogan "before therapy the gods have placed the diagnosis" should be relativized for the situation in the practice in contrast to the situation in the clinic, is opposed. Microbiological findings represent an unrenouncable basis for a rational antimicrobial chemotherapy in practice and clinic. In the individual case this does not exclude a calculated chemotherapy on account of a clinical and microbiological tentative diagnosis made by the physician in charge. But at the latest when the empiric therapy fails an efficient microbiologic diagnostics must be at our disposal. PMID- 3239122 TI - [Public health recommendations in endoscopy: AIDS and endoscopy]. PMID- 3239123 TI - Prospective study on the distribution of Campylobacter pylori in unselected patients of an endoscopy unit in West Germany. AB - In recent years a series of publications predominantly from English speaking countries have reported on the colonization of the gastric epithelium with Campylobacter pylori in association with gastritis and ulcer disease. In this prospective study we investigated the distribution of Campylobacter pylori in unselected patients undergoing routine endoscopy at the Department of Gastroenterology of the University of Heidelberg. A total of 175 patients were included in the study. Campylobacter pylori could be demonstrated by microbiological and histological methods in 17% of patients with normal gastric mucosa, in 44% with chronic active gastritis and in 48% with stomach ulcer. In our series only 6/23 patients with duodenal ulcer were Campylobacter pylori positive. Additionally intragastric acidity and concentrations of total bile acids were correlated to the colonization of Campylobacter pylori. Bile acid concentrations were found significantly (p less than 0.001) lower in patients with gastritis when Campylobacter pylori was present. These data suggest an association of Campylobacter pylori with diseases of the stomach also in West Germany and a negative correlation of these organisms to enterogastric bile reflux. PMID- 3239125 TI - [21st annual meeting of the Austrian Society of Gastroenterology. Innsbruck, 22 23 April 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3239124 TI - [Peptone stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter in patients with reflux disease]. AB - Twenty patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (10 with compensated and 10 with decompensated gastroesophageal incompetence) were examined to determine if there was a correlation between the ability of physiological stimuli to tonicize the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the response to pentagastrin stimulation (Gastrodiagnost). The pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter as well as blood levels of the hormones/neurotransmitters gastrin, PP and VIP were determined after giving a 300 ml intragastral bolus of either 0.9% NaCl or 20% peptone solution. All patients exhibited per definitionem a positive common-cavity phenomenon on abdominal compression. Intravenous pentagastrin stimulated the LES in patients with compensated gastroesophageal incompetence (GI) but not in those with decompensated GI (p less than or equal to 0.0005). Esophagoscopy revealed a severe esophagitis in 80% of the patients with decompensated GI but in only 10% of the patients with compensated GI. Peptone stimulated the LES in patients with compensated GI (p less than or equal to 0.005) at 5, 10 and 15 minutes, pepton vs. NaCl). Neither NaCl nor peptone increased the tone of the LES in patients with decompensated GI. Peptone but not NaCl caused a significant increase of serum gastrin in all patients: there was no difference between the two groups. Neither NaCl nor peptone influenced VIP levels in peripheral blood. PP levels increased significantly in both groups following peptone. Physiological responsiveness of the LES can be inferred from the manometric data and the results of the pentagastrin test. A negative reaction to pentagastrin is associated with a loss of response to physiological stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239126 TI - [Gastrointestinal motility disorders: cause or effect? Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in clinical practice. Vienna symposium. March 1988. Proceedings]. PMID- 3239127 TI - [Disorders of gastric emptying in anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 3239128 TI - [Gastrointestinal motility disorders: phenomenon or disease? Synopsis and outlook?]. PMID- 3239129 TI - [Congenital nevomelanocytic nevus]. PMID- 3239130 TI - [Therapy of malignant melanoma with beta-interferons]. AB - Since June, 1985, we have been treating 18 evaluable patients suffering from high risk melanoma with human beta-interferon (HBIF), 10 of the patients received HBIF infusions, 8 patients got subcutaneous injections into the regional lymph nodes. In some of the cases, this treatment resulted in obviously prolonged survival times; at present, however, the effect of HBIF is still beyond calculation. PMID- 3239131 TI - [Scintigraphic studies of the lymph nodes in patients with melanoma following lymph node excision]. AB - We report on 20 patients suffering from malignant melanoma, who had undergone regional lymph node dissection. In order to make certain that all the lymph nodes had been completely removed, we performed lymphoscintigraphy 3 to 6 weeks after block dissection with the help of a radiopharmacon intercostally or interdigitally applied. We judged the removal to be complete, if neither intercostal nor interdigital application led to any evidence of regional lymph nodes. On the basis of our experiences so far, we consider postoperative lymphoscintigraphy a suitable non-invasive method to check the completeness of block dissection. PMID- 3239132 TI - [Melanoma malignum en cuirasse]. AB - We report on a 26-year-old male patient suffering from a rapidly progressing sclerodermiform induration and edema on his chest, neck, and face, which was more pronounced on the left side of his body. The disease had developed within two months and took a lethal course. Two months before the disease set on, the patient had removed a bluish nodule from his left axilla. Histopathologic analysis of the indurated skin showed massive infiltration of the fatty tissue by a malign, undifferentiated blastoma. Pathoanatomical investigation revealed a massive metastatic infiltration of the soft tissue in the thoracic area and the fatty tissue, as well as metastases developed in the lymph nodes. PMID- 3239133 TI - [Wound coverage following dermabrasion]. AB - A simple, easy and effective wound closure following dermabrasion was carried out by fixation of Transite over the Epidermal-cutaneous defect and Allevyn over this Mesh-Graft-Like biologic dressing. Transite shows very little adherence to the wound surface. It is not damaging the wound at removal. The dressing removal is painless. PMID- 3239134 TI - [Acropustulosis infantilis in an 8-year-old girl]. AB - We report on an 8-year-old female patient showing the typical lesions of acropustulosis of infancy. Our case is unusual because infantile acropustulosis mostly affects male patients and occurs during the first year of life, persisting for a period of approximately 2 years. PMID- 3239135 TI - [Impregnated oocytes--objects for research?]. PMID- 3239136 TI - [Quantitative studies of the interaction of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine and spermatozoa]. AB - 27 ejaculates were incubated together with polyvidone iodine diluted with physiological saline solution in various proportions. 10 minutes, 1 hour, 4 hours, and 20 hours later, we determined the percentages of mobile and viable spermatozoa in both the native and the incubated seminal fluid. 1% polyvidone iodine solution was totally spermicidal already after 10 minutes of incubation. 0.1% solution only slightly reduced the sperm motility and viability. 0.01% polyvidone iodine solution even resulted in a temporary increase of motility. PMID- 3239137 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic urticaria. Critical analysis of test results based on catamnestic studies]. AB - 305 patients suffering from chronic urticaria were tested according to a special program, which combined the common allergologic skin testing with the searching for foci of inflammation. The central part of the diagnosis, however, are oral provocation tests during potato/rice diet with non-steroidal antiphlogistic agents and so-called food additives as well as "natural" salicylates. Acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin most frequently caused reactions of intolerance, whereas all of the patients tolerated paracetamol (500 mg) without any reactions. With food additives and "natural" salicylates, intolerance reactions were rare. In our patients, skin testing only rarely led to any relevant results; the search for foci, instead, led to numerous findings, which, however, seemed not to have much influence on the further course of the disease. Apparently, the healing rate was neither influenced by the reactions of intolerance, nor the fact whether the patient had got a proper diet or not; we suggest, therefore, that the interpretation of the test results should be reconsidered. PMID- 3239138 TI - [Antipsoriatic effect of (tape) occlusion]. AB - Occlusive dressing may lead to a significant reduction of the induration and desquamation of psoriatic lesions. Our lectin-histochemical findings suggest that this effect is unlikely to be caused by a normalization of abnormal keratinocyte differentiation. Since epidermal cells rich in calmodulin can immunohistologically be detected, we conclude that the egress from the stratum basale is at least partially inhibited. PMID- 3239140 TI - [Atypical erythrokeratodermia with deafness, keratitis and double mycotic infection]. AB - We report on a male patient suffering from a congenital ichthyosiform dermatosis, whose family history offered no clue to the diagnosis. The skin lesions were mainly localized on the trunk, hands, elbows, and knees. During the last few years, the cutaneous lesions had slowly changed for the worse and the following additional symptoms had developed: keratitis, deafness, diffuse alopecia, dysarthria, and ataxic abasia. According to the clinical features, we established the diagnosis of KID syndrome (keratitis, ichthyosis, deafness). Although the skin lesions of our patient clinically and histologically belong to the group of atypical erythrokeratodermias, the term "KID syndrome" recently described by Skinner represents an useful, unifying clinical term. PMID- 3239139 TI - [Systemic mastocytosis]. AB - Systemic mastocytosis associated with urticaria pigmentosa seems to be strikingly more common than previously assumed. The diagnosis can be established by the investigation of bone marrow sections, whereas bone marrow smears are less reliable. Some mediators are produced by the enhanced number of mast cells; telemethyl imidazole acetic acid is the most suitable mediator to calculate the size of the mast cell pool. Investigations like this might offer an alternative to the examination of bone marrow sections in future. PMID- 3239141 TI - [Age-related heart function in patients with healthy hearts]. AB - Left ventricular function was investigated at rest and during submaximal exercise in 191 healthy subjects, including 46 women, by means of radionuclide ventriculography (RNV). As global parameters of heart function, ejection fraction (EF) and maximal rates of volume change during systole (VS) and diastole (VD) as well as endsystolic volume (ESV) were determined. These parameters were calculated for four age groups with mean ages of 32, 45, 55, and 64 years, respectively. At rest, heart rate (HR), EF, VS, and ESV were not significantly different in all age groups, whereas VD decreased with increasing age from 3.3 +/ 0.6 s-1 to 2.6 +/- 0.6 s-1. During exercise, HR, EF, VS, and VD increased in all groups, but less in the elderly. The smaller increase of EF and VD could be accounted for by HR alone. VS was both HR- and age-dependent. The age dependence of VD (at rest) and VS (under exercise) may reflect a reduction of myocardial compliance with increasing age. Differences of EF and VS with respect to sex were not observed, whereas VD was slightly lower in males. PMID- 3239142 TI - [The effect of alcohol on the heart in chronic alcoholics]. AB - 48 asymptomatic alcoholics (mean age 31.2 years) with an average daily alcohol consumption of 287 g were studied about 45 h (mean) after the last ingestion of alcohol. M-mode echocardiography and 24-h long-term ECG recordings were performed. 24 of these patients were restudied after a mean of 12 days of abstinence using long-term ECG recording. All patients were in sinus rhythm. 44 of 48 patients demonstrated supraventricular premature beats. In three patients, there were ventricular pairs (1/24 h). Two further patients had ventricular triplets (1/24 h). Echocardiography demonstrated a significant enlargement of left atrial dimensions (LA: 39 +/- 3.8 mm), of the diameter of the left ventricular posterior wall (10 +/- 4.1 mm), and of the interventricular septum (12 +/- 1.7 mm) compared to control data in 24 'normals'. In addition, there was a significant increase in the derived left ventricular mass index (292 +/- 48.2 g). Left ventricular enddiastolic diameter was not significantly different. Laboratory tests showed pathologically elevated values of SGOT, SGPT, and gamma GT whereas serum potassium was normal. During restudy of the long-term ECG after 12 days, complex ventricular arrhythmias were no longer detectable. In six patients, echocardiography was repeated after a mean of 110 days of abstinence. Three of these patients had had marginal left ventricular fractional shortening during the first study which was normalized at the repeat study. Our results show some degree of left ventricular dysfunction in some chronic alcoholics without clinical overt heart failure. PMID- 3239143 TI - [Avulsion of a calcified leaflet as a complication of aortic valvuloplasty]. AB - Valvuloplasty was recently introduced as a palliative treatment of calcific aortic stenosis in elderly patients. Embolisation of valvular material has not been described as complication yet. We describe the detachment of a large calcific fragment resulting in acute, severe aortic incompetence in a 76-year-old patient. During immediate operative valve replacement the calcific embolus was recovered from the abdominal aorta. PMID- 3239144 TI - [4th report of the structure and performance figures of the Heart Catheterization Laboratory in West Germany. Results of a survey by the Commission for Cardiology of the German Society of Cardiovascular Research 1987]. PMID- 3239145 TI - [The cardiovascular system of healthy long-living Abkhazians]. AB - In order to study the peculiarities of aging of the blood circulatory system, an epidemiological investigation of long-living humans (subjects aged 90 years and over) was performed in three villages of Abkhazia. The region is characterized by a high level of longevity. Seventy-eight long-living individuals were available for the study. Thirty healthy persons aged from 20 to 40 years served as the control group. In the healthy long-lived (total, 41 persons) the functional state of the circulatory system appeared to be worse than in the 20-40-year-old people. Due to a marked change of the circulatory system with age, there is a decrease in its adaptation reserve which, in turn, leads to an increased probability of the development of pathological conditions (IHD and hypertensive disease), as well as their complications and lethal outcome. PMID- 3239146 TI - [The value of anamnesis, clinical findings and laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis]. AB - In 67 patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and 133 control patients, the value of eight clinical parameters and five laboratory findings for the diagnosis of GCA was analyzed. Out of the clinical parameters characteristic for GCA, headaches, visual disturbance, pains of the shoulder or hip regions and fever were of diagnostic value. Of the laboratory findings, only the BSR was of diagnostic value. Inappetence, exhaustion and fatigue, although characteristic of GCA, as well as blood count, alpha-globulins, CRP and alkaline serum phosphatase were of no value in differentiating between GCA and other diseases. Each of the valuable parameters increased the probability of diagnosing GCA from 33% (incidence of GCA in our patients) up to between 48% and 52%. The simultaneous evaluation of several parameters elevated the probability of diagnosing GCA to up to 88%. These results provide a basis for a rational decision in favor of or against biopsy of the temporal artery. In the case of a negative histology, they help to decide in favor of or against long term corticoid therapy. PMID- 3239147 TI - Symptoms of depression in old people in Finland. AB - The study describes common symptoms of depression and age and sex differences in these symptoms in elderly Finns. The symptoms were assessed on the basis of the 22-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and comparisons were made between the symptoms of those diagnosed as depressed and those diagnosed as not depressed in clinical investigations. The most common symptoms in depressed men were general somatic symptoms, initial insomnia, loss of interest in work and activities, middle insomnia, and depressed mood. In depressed women, the most common symptoms were psychic anxiety, general somatic symptoms, initial insomnia, loss of interest in work and activities, and depressed mood. In both these groups the lowest occurrences were found for compulsory symptoms, paranoid symptoms and depersonalization. The symptomatology was most severe in the oldest age group: depressed mood and many somatic symptoms were more common in depressed older male and female age groups than in younger groups. Sex comparisons showed that many symptoms were more severe in depressed women than in depressed men: depressed mood, feelings of guilt, psychic anxiety, somatic anxiety and diurnal variation of symptoms were more common in depressed women. Retardation was the only symptom that was more common in depressed men. Loss of libido did not belong to the symptomatology of depression in the oldest female age group, but in men and in younger female age group it could in some cases indicate occurrence of depression. PMID- 3239148 TI - [Risk of hip endoprostheses in the aged--incidence of complications in patients over 70 years of age in a comparative study]. AB - 567 patients of more then 70 years old (average age 75 years) who underwent hip arthroplasty, were compared with a control group (average age 52 years). The incidence of risks differed in cardiovascular complications, fatality, confusional state and the occurrence of decubital ulcers. The differences were in the range of about 2%. PMID- 3239149 TI - [Senior studies at the Mannheim University evaluated by consumers. Results of an empirical study]. AB - The empirical findings presented in this article show that the post-retirement study program at the University of Mannheim is highly appreciated by its participants. This facility enabling older adults to study meets the needs of elderly people for meaningful spare-time activities and for enlargement of all round education to a high degree. The findings suggest that the post-retirement study program is a successful expansion of the teaching program at the University of Mannheim. PMID- 3239150 TI - [Situational and differential psychologic determinants of personal satisfaction in advanced age]. AB - The interaction of environmental housing conditions and personality traits on life-satisfaction in late adulthood is studied. "Life satisfaction", "extraversion", "neuroticism", and "locus of control" of 52 persons (aged 65-85 years old) living in different environments (private house, retired home, self organized community) are measured. A multiple regression analysis shows that satisfaction is rather more predictable from personality traits than from housing conditions. The variance of satisfaction scores can be explained, to 64% by the "person factor". In different living environments different pattern of traits predict satisfaction. PMID- 3239151 TI - [Early retirement--a new area of research in gerontology. Report on the international workshop "Early Retirement" in Jerusalem/Israel]. PMID- 3239153 TI - [Rehabilitation of the aged]. PMID- 3239152 TI - [Interdisciplinary exchange of ideas on the problems of managing elderly and demented patients--medical, legal and philosophical approaches]. PMID- 3239154 TI - [Disabling senile osteoporosis]. AB - Fractures of the proximal femur are the most dangerous complications of type-II osteoporosis with a high rate of disability and mortality. In contrast to type-I osteoporosis, men are affected rather frequently (ratio 1:3). We report on a 79 year old man who was completely in need of care after bilateral fractures of the humerus after having survived a previous pertrochanteric fracture of the left femur. Diagnostic procedures revealed that in this case an intestinal malabsorption has to be taken into consideration as a pathogenetic factor of this severe osteopathy. Bone biopsy confirmed a combination of osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Partial gastrectomy, which had been performed 10 years before, was obviously the reason for malabsorption having caused furthermore pernicious anemia, severe malnutrition and exsiccosis. PMID- 3239155 TI - [Prosthetic management of the elderly following amputation of the lower extremities]. AB - We report on 162 patients with one- or two-sided amputations above the ankle joint. Seventy-nine percent of these patients were candidates for artificial limbs; substantial differences are shown in respect to the height of the amputation: there are considerably more patients who can use a prosthesis after a lower leg amputation than after one- or two-sided upper leg amputation. Counterindications for prostheses were, on the whole, principally arterial scleroses. As expected, almost 95% of the one-side amputees, and approximately 100% of the (considerably younger) both-side amputees were discharged from hospital with a degree of self-sufficiency. Some of the patients not provided with an artificial limb were able to return home as well (87.5%). Absolute independence was seldom reached and social assistance had to be arranged for many amputees. PMID- 3239156 TI - [Exercise therapy in peripheral arterial occlusive disease in advanced age--a sensible measure?]. AB - The ability of developing collateral vessels in obliterative arteriosclerosis decreases with age. A so-called interval-walking exercise, i.e., repeated walking with interposed test periods, will be effective as long as performed regularly. Cardiopulmonary or joint diseases may diminish the efficiency of this therapy. PMID- 3239157 TI - [Conceptual basis of rehabilitation of patients with stroke]. AB - The authors describe the basis of the current concept of rehabilitation of patients with stroke. This concept is based on recent neurophysiological findings about the processes of information, learning, and memory. This indicates that the plasticity of cerebral structures depends especially on the possibilities either to rebuild or to compensate for destroyed structures with programs of rehabilitation. A comparison is given of 101 stroke patients rehabilitated according to a conventional program and the better results for 295 stroke victims rehabilitated according to a more modern rehabilitation program. Another investigation showed, as an example of the Babinsky phenomenon, that stroke patients can develop the ability to suppress. The results and dynamics of rehabilitation of stroke are an encouragement to continue researching new ways for more effective rehabilitation. PMID- 3239158 TI - [Possibilities of psychological intervention in patients following apoplectic stroke]. AB - Mental training, progressive muscle relaxation, and client-centered psychotherapy are described as suitable methods of psychological treatment for stroke victims. It is important to direct the entire rehabilitation team toward better psychological guidance of patients. Key elements for success can be the use of a questionnaire to follow the progress of rehabilitation; the realization of a concept for continued professional training of the rehabilitation team; and the continuous exchange of information among the rehabilitation staff. PMID- 3239159 TI - [Documentation and research in clinical rehabilitation of geriatric patients]. AB - Although we have extensive knowledge about rehabilitative treatment procedures in geriatrics, we lack an emphasis on geriatric rehabilitation in our institutions of public health. And we lack objective methods to illustrate the performance profile. Documentation and internal clinical evaluation that show results of patient rehabilitation programs may alleviate this deficiency. These will illustrate what may be expected from rehabilitation efforts. The example of one medical and geriatric clinic shows how documentation and research are applicable in clinical practice and how they are beneficial in daily life. The evaluation and changing of treatment methods, the training of staff, the cooperation of patients' relatives, and after-care institutions are all necessary elements. Steps should be taken for internal clinical evaluations and continual follow-ups that demonstrate the rehabilitation process in clinical and after-care situations. PMID- 3239160 TI - [The rehabilitation potential of geriatric patients from the cardiologic viewpoint]. AB - The potential of rehabilitation for geriatric patients depends on physiological considerations about the aging organism, as well as diseases, accompanied by the natural aging process. A common feature of the aging process of human organs is a general loss of adaptability that contributes to hypocirculation. The potential for rehabilitation may be considerably limited by diseases which burden the circulatory system (atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and hypotension). Cardiac arrhythmias occurring during rehabilitation procedures call for special care. Mode and intensity of the rehabilitation program will be determined by cardiac and circulatory reactions following active rehabilitation procedures. Isometric exercise stress in conjunction with pressure breathing leads to an excessive rise of blood pressure in systemic and pulmonary circulation. Therefore dynamic muscle actions should be preferred as the most reasonable active training, but there is the possibility of heart-circulation problems arising, depending on the intensity of training. PMID- 3239161 TI - Analysis of immunoreactive PRL-cells following treatment with Met-enkephalin. PMID- 3239162 TI - Quantitative electron microscopy of rabbit Muller (glial) cells in dependence on retinal topography. PMID- 3239163 TI - Papilloma in Hynobius lichenatus Boulenger 1883 (Amphibia, Urodela). PMID- 3239164 TI - Effects of the ablation of the submaxillary gland on the rat testis. PMID- 3239165 TI - Fine structure of the lamellated corpuscles in the mouse hard palatine mucosa. PMID- 3239166 TI - [The effect of leupeptin on lysosomal hydrolases in the visceral vitelline sack of the rat. Histo- and biochemical studies]. PMID- 3239167 TI - [Quantitative histochemical study of the NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in the hippocampus of the NZB mouse]. PMID- 3239168 TI - [Telethermovision studies in Perthes disease]. AB - By means of telethermovision examinations on seven children suffering from Perthes' disease the author found hypothermia of the entire lower limb on the affected side. The spread of this hypothermia depends on the intensity of the complaints and the course of the disease. The hypothermia appeared to be most pronounced in the gluteal region. PMID- 3239169 TI - [Idiopathic femur head necrosis in the adult--relation to clinical and pathologic anatomic findings]. AB - For the research here presented, a total of 15 femoral heads with idiopathic necrosis in 15 patients, ranging in the age from 28 to 59 years, were available. In 7 of the histologically examined, in the occasion of endoprosthetic obtained femoral heads, a singular necrosis was to be discovered. In 6 items two attacks of necrosis, in 2 even three attacks could be confined. The comparison of these results with the clinically obtained case history showed that the second as well as the third attack of necrosis occurred during the first two years of the disease and partly obvious due to the increase of subjective symptoms. With the knowledge of these facts, it may be assumed that by means of exact observation of the patients concerned, even after diagnosis has been made, valuable tips to solve the up to now still unknown etiology of idiopathic avascular necrosis could be won. PMID- 3239170 TI - [5- to 10-year results of an acetabulum with ceramic pegs for cement-free bone implantation. Material and analysis of design]. AB - The authors report on the follow-up results of a hemispherical acetabular cup with small pegs, which is designed for cementless implantation in human beings. At an average time of 89 months after implantation, these results reveal a high percentage of 60% loosenings and seam formations of more than 2 mm which could constitute the basis for subsequent loosening. An analysis of these failures attributes the cause to material-engineering as well as design problems associated with the bone pathology. A ceramic cup of this shape is apparently unsuitable for osteointegration. It would appear that the design favours tilting movements and, due to its high E-module, it is unable to compensate for the relative movements of the pelvis. PMID- 3239171 TI - [Arthroscopic surgical synovectomy of the knee joint (indications, technic, follow-up results)]. AB - Between 1981 and 1986, synovectomy was performed arthroscopically at Dusseldorf University Orthopedic Clinic on 59 knee joints of 56 patients without opening the joint. Of these, 43 patients, i.e., 45 knee joints, were followed up on average 2.7 years postoperatively. In the author's experience arthroscopic-surgical synovectomy puts less strain on the patient. The risk of damaging cutaneous nerve branches is low, neuromuscular joint control is preserved, and no fibroarthrosis occurs. All the compartments of the knee joint - including, in particular, the posterior ones - are accessible from a few stab incisions. Since traumatization is minimal there is less postoperative pain than with the conventional method so that as a rule rehabilitation presents no problems, especially in the first six postoperative weeks. The indication threshold for arthroscopic synovectomy is lower than for conventional synovectomy, thus facilitating the decision to perform synovectomy early. In the event of recurrence the pathologic synovialis can once again be excised from the same approaches. PMID- 3239173 TI - [Long-term results using a Swanson silastic endoprosthesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe. Discrepancy between clinical and radiologic findings]. AB - 53 patients underwent 68 Swanson's Silastic prosthesis implantations in great toes from 1979-1984. 51 patients (96%) with 66 implantats were followed up from 1 to 7 years. The results of self-judgement and clinical examination at control were favourable, in contrast to the large number of unfavourable radiologic findings at control. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the number of weared prostheses with narrowing or fragmentation and increasing follow-up time (p = 0.04), but no significant association between the results of self-judgement and clinical examination and follow-up time. PMID- 3239172 TI - [Spontaneous ruptures of the extensor system of the knee following joint replacement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Spontaneous ruptures of the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament following total knee arthroplasty in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis are reported. Degenerative and steroid-induced changes of tendinous tissue, circulation problems as well as mechanical changes to the patellofemoral joint by resurfacing the patella are discussed being possible causes of these complications of the extensor mechanism of the knee. PMID- 3239174 TI - [Concordant occurrence of grade I spondylolisthesis in childhood in a pair of monozygotic twins]. AB - The case of two identical female twins is presented, who both showed concordantly spondylolisthesis L 5/S 1 grade I according to Meyerding at the age of ten. Further abnormalities in spinal development were detected in both girls. The course of 31 months is reported. PMID- 3239175 TI - [Congenital tilt of the sacral plateau and the fate of the spine]. AB - Congenital deformities of the sacrum are relatively rarely described syndromes. In this report, 16 cases of sacral deformity with resultant obliquity of the sacral plateau are described. With respect to morphological criteria 5 different types can be distinguished. Development of static scoliosis results from congenital deformity of the sacral plateau. Longterm results of up to 17 years in 8 of the 16 cases are presented. Operative and conservative treatment possibilities are discussed. PMID- 3239176 TI - [Sudden deafness and biometric function analysis of the cervical spine]. AB - Theories concerning the influence of function disturbances of the cervical spine on the development of sudden hearing loss should be re-examined. Forty-eight patients with unilateral sudden hearing loss and 94 controls were examined. X rays of the cervical spine were made in lateral projection in normal position, and in maximum flexion and extension. The posture and movement of the vertebrae were recorded using a computer digitalization program. Overall mobility of the cervical spine was reduced in the group with sudden hearing loss: reduced movement was found in segments C2/C3, C5/C6, and C6/C7. Segments P0/P1 and C1/C2 were conspicuous by very high standard deviations in the group with sudden hearing loss. The results indicate that sudden hearing loss and function disorders of the cervical spine are related. PMID- 3239177 TI - [Indications and results of fusion operations of the upper cervical spine in chronic polyarthritis and psoriatic arthritis]. AB - 12 patients suffering from rheumatic or psoriatic instabilities of the upper cervical spine underwent operations by a dorsal approach from September '83 until October '86. They were examined 3 months to 3 years after operation. Different operative procedures were chosen depending upon the extent of the instabilities. Differential indications are discussed on the basis of clinical and x-ray features. Results were good in 10 patients, 1 was satisfactory, 1 patient died one week postoperatively. Rheumatoid and psoriatic instabilities of the upper cervical spine should receive early operative treatment while extent and risks of operative procedures are low. PMID- 3239178 TI - [Infectious damage to the intervertebral disk--before and following discotomy]. AB - Bad results after discotomy for treatment of herniated lumbar disc are caused either by postoperative complications or by preoperative diagnostic errors. Very often other degenerative changes of the "Bewegungssegment" are involved and misunderstood. But also septic lesions of the intervertebral disc following pyogenic hematogenous osteomyelitis of the spine are confused with degenerative lesions. They are even treated operatively as a ruptured intervertebral disc. When pyogenic osteomyelitis may no longer by overlooked after discotomy due to her progression, she is misinterpreted as discitis following removal of intervertebral disc. Only 9 of 97 verified patients with vertebral osteomyelitis suffered from true postoperative infection of the intervertebral space after removal of a herniated disc. In 14 patients the signs of hematogenous osteomyelitis of the spine have been missed or have been explained by degenerative changes of the spine. In none of the patients the wrong diagnosis was perioperatively revised. The common confusion of osteomyelitis and degenerative disc changes can be explained by several reasons: the predilection of lumbar spine and the similarity of local signs of both diseases, the unknown or underestimated frequence of radicular lesions in osteomyelitis of the spine and the difficulties to assess osteomyelitis in early stages by X-ray examination and the frequency of accessory degenerative changes. It may be supposed that many of the reported disc space inflammations after diagnostic or therapeutic means have not been caused by these manipulations but have given occasion for them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239179 TI - [The radicular and pseudoradicular syndrome of infectious spondylitis and its differential diagnostic significance]. AB - Infectious spondylitis is now the most common form of hematogenous osteomyelitis. In 37% of patients followed up it causes root irritation without peripheral paralysis, and radicular and pseudoradicular syndromes. Accounting for 8.2% of the cases, incomplete paraplegias are not as rare as is usually assumed. In certain sections of the spine infectious spondylitis is encountered very frequently (T7/8, T9/10, L3/4, and L4/5). The distribution pattern of the paralyses does not correspond to the frequency of the spondylitis in the individual segments of the spine. Radicular syndromes are more common in the lumbar spine, incomplete paraplegias in the thoracic spine. The neurologic risk depends on the patient's age: while very low in children, it is distinctly higher in patients aged over 70. Only the paraplegia risk is dependent on the extent of vertebral destruction. This in turn depends on the time that elapses until diagnosis. Almost all cases of spondylitis are still diagnosed unnecessarily late. Radicular and pseudoradicular symptoms accelerate diagnosis of spondylitis. Inflammatory and mechanical factors cause the radicular and pseudoradicular syndromes. Detection by radiologic examination is not usually possible. As regards formal pathogenesis, degenerative and inflammatory vertebragenous syndromes are indistinguishable, and spondylitis can only be clinically recognized from its general symptoms. No signs of paralysis occurred in any of the patients in whom spondylitis had been diagnosed in good time. Therefore, spondylitis diagnosis must also be improved in order to prevent neurologic complications. PMID- 3239180 TI - [Analysis of the protective effect of shock-absorbing shoes for patients treated with hip and knee endoprostheses]. AB - Biomechanical loading of total knee and hip replacement is one of the essential factors which limit the longterm-function of the implant components. A simple and cheap safety provision to avoid mechanical overload seems to be wearing of shock absorbing shoes. The performed study analyzes the effect of that type of shoe. For judgement the parameters: energy absorption while slow shock, damping while hard shock and safety against sliding were taken. The experiments showed the shock-absorbing shoe is an easy, inexpensive, but very efficient protection measure to improve the longterm-stability of endoprosthesis of the lower extremity. PMID- 3239181 TI - [Skeletal data of the healthy human hip joint. Mean values, fluctuations, relations]. AB - In order to perform a biomechanical analysis of the human hip joint and to delimit pathologic findings the skeletal data of the normal hip joint must be known. The individual values for characteristic geometric variables determined in 443 normal hip joints were statistically analyzed and graphically represented; the mean and standard deviation were also calculated. A correlation analysis of the individual characteristic geometric variables, and in particular also of loading and pressure, shows that the human hip joint must not be considered on the basis of isolated individual characteristic variables, but must be assessed as a function system comprising various parameters. This leads to all-important conclusions for routine practice as regards indications for surgery. PMID- 3239182 TI - [Discussion of the contribution "Patellafemoral pressure and measurements of the contact surface in Jagerhut patella--experimental studies of sagittal osteotomy of the patella"]. PMID- 3239183 TI - Faults health authorities for "casual attitude" to AIDS. PMID- 3239184 TI - His experience confirms article on food-related ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3239185 TI - Urges cognizance of high risk in anterior cruciate deficiency. PMID- 3239186 TI - Smoking in Virginia's hospitals. PMID- 3239187 TI - AIDS. Answers to clinical questions. PMID- 3239188 TI - AIDS. The physician's legal duties. PMID- 3239189 TI - Neural transplantation in the cerebral ventricular system. PMID- 3239190 TI - Mammography versus physical exam at a community hospital. PMID- 3239191 TI - Physician's guide to the Natural Death Act. PMID- 3239192 TI - Pleural effusion in polycystic kidney disease: case report. PMID- 3239193 TI - Recent advances in dermatopathology. PMID- 3239194 TI - The case against lethal injection. PMID- 3239195 TI - [A look at a milking machine provided the idea for the facility]. PMID- 3239196 TI - [Technicians not interested in reaction of staff. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 3239197 TI - [A time of expectation and apprehension]. PMID- 3239199 TI - [Who decides after death?]. PMID- 3239198 TI - [Greater professional contribution by more self-assured nurses. Interview by Kaj Nyman]. PMID- 3239200 TI - [Palestinian nurse in an intensive course. I want to start work as soon as possible]. PMID- 3239201 TI - [Intensive course in Swedish--does an immigrant nurse get certification in half the time?]. PMID- 3239202 TI - [Birgitta on why she relinquishes union leadership: one should not be in office for too long a time. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 3239203 TI - [Exotics, Macaca and non-responders]. PMID- 3239204 TI - [Assessment of the effect of compression bandages]. PMID- 3239206 TI - [Simulation of varicosity of the parva branch by massive varicosity of the venae nervi suralis]. PMID- 3239205 TI - [Arterial occlusions following therapeutic radiation therapy]. PMID- 3239207 TI - Combined aortic and inferior vena cava injury during laminectomy. A serious complication. PMID- 3239208 TI - [Vascular tumors X: Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS]. PMID- 3239209 TI - [Vascular tumors XI: Stewart-Treves syndrome]. PMID- 3239210 TI - [Annual meeting of the Swiss Society of Angiology. Freiburg, 4-5 November 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3239211 TI - [Trophic disorders of tissue in afferent and efferent denervation]. PMID- 3239212 TI - [Disorders of nervous trophism and nerve cell plasticity as factors in the development and compensation of pathological processes in nervous system diseases]. PMID- 3239213 TI - [Plasticity of the interneuronal connections of the cerebral cortex from the aspect of age]. PMID- 3239215 TI - [Current problems of infant mortality]. PMID- 3239214 TI - [The results of sociologic research on the problems of the development of Soviet public health]. PMID- 3239216 TI - [Methodologic problems of the doctrine of risk factors from the standpoint of preventive medicine]. PMID- 3239217 TI - [Patterns in the regulation of the epizootiologic process in natural foci of transmissible infections]. PMID- 3239218 TI - [The outlook for further development of the problem of heart valve bioprosthesis]. PMID- 3239219 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative disorders of energy transformation in the myocardial contractile protein system--a pivotal process in the development of heart failure]. PMID- 3239220 TI - [The "Patent" Automatic Information-Retrieval System in traumatology and orthopedics]. PMID- 3239221 TI - [Apropos of the article by V. I. Burakovskii "A new methodologic approach--the basis of further progress in clinical medicine" (Vestnik AMN SSSR No. 4, 1988)]. PMID- 3239222 TI - [The immediate and late results of treating neurodermatitis by the indirect endolymphatic administration of drug preparations]. PMID- 3239223 TI - [Nonspecific immobilizing activity factor (NIA) in the blood serum of donors and persons having sexual contact with syphilis patients]. PMID- 3239224 TI - [The terminology of neurodermatitis]. PMID- 3239225 TI - [Characteristics of the course of dermatoses in patients with insulin-dependent and insulin-independent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3239227 TI - [Clinical characteristics of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the genitals in children]. PMID- 3239228 TI - [Keloidal blastomycosis (Lobo's disease)]. PMID- 3239226 TI - [The use of cytostatic preparations in treating Kaposi's sarcoma by encircling injections]. PMID- 3239229 TI - [Granuloma venereum (inguinale)]. PMID- 3239230 TI - [Pathologico-anatomic data on persons on the syphilis registry]. PMID- 3239231 TI - [The significance of the TPI indices with an increased blood serum volume in removing patients from the syphilis registry]. PMID- 3239232 TI - [The specific lymphocytolysis reaction in syphilis patients]. PMID- 3239233 TI - [Sedative actions in the treatment of atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 3239234 TI - [The development of keloid scars in a female vitiligo patient]. PMID- 3239235 TI - [Cancer of the sebaceous glands]. PMID- 3239236 TI - [Acrodermatitis enteropathica]. PMID- 3239237 TI - [Normal natural antibodies to histamine and prostaglandin F2 alpha and in patients with atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 3239238 TI - Agriculture-health linkages. PMID- 3239239 TI - [The significance of pathophysiologic principles of intestinal secretion for the diagnosis and therapy of ileus]. AB - Intestinal obstruction is always accompanied by intestinal hypersecretion. This phenomenon explains the initial symptoms like bilious vomiting and abdominal distension as well as the later clinical signs of hypovolaemia and shock. The proximal hypersecretion in intestinal obstruction is incompletely understood and in the surgical literature on ileus only little attention has been paid to this crucial observation. In analogy to secretory diarrhea and because of own clinical observations we conclude that bowel contamination caused by intestinal stasis is mainly responsible for the increased intestinal secretion in bowel obstruction. PMID- 3239240 TI - [Intraperitoneal fetal small intestine transplantation in allogeneic rat strains]. AB - We demonstrated the possibility of a successful transplant of foetal rat small intestine into the peritoneal cavity of adult rats. Several combinations of rat strains with defined genetic differences were chosen. On the whole, in more than 66 percent of the performed transplantations a successful adequate growth of the transplants was noted. Oral application of Cyclosporin A (20 mg/kg/d) as immunosuppressive to prevent allograft rejection was necessary only in the combination across major genetic barriers. The preoperative insertion of a 7-0 non-absorbable thread into the lumen of the transplant helped to develop a tubular segment of small intestine which can be anastomosed to the intestinal continuity of the host in a second stage operation. PMID- 3239241 TI - [Cervical thymic cyst in childhood]. AB - In three children (2, 4 and 10 years of age) a cervical thymic cyst was removed. We found multilocular cysts with xanthochromic luminal fluid covered with a fibrous capsule. Histological features are lymphatic follicles, partly atrophic, as well as regular thymic tissue with cortex, marrow and Hassall's corpuscles. PMID- 3239242 TI - [Correction of subtotal esophageal aplasias and extensive artificial esophageal defects by gastric transposition]. AB - The successful treatment of subtotal oesphageal defects by means of gastric transposition in three children is reported. Two children had a subtotal oesophageal aplasia, one a complete destruction of more than half of the thoracic oesophagus. In two cases the stomach was transposed into the physiological oesophageal bed, in the third the stomach was pulled retrosternally to the cervical region via the anterior mediastinum. All three children developed normally following gastric transposition. Normal oesphageal passage was confirmed radiologically. PMID- 3239243 TI - [The clinical aspects of neuroblastomas and ganglioneuromas with intraspinal involvement]. AB - Two cases of dumbbell tumours (one ganglioneuroma, one neuroblastoma) are presented. The incidence and symptomatology are shown. It is mandatory to examine the intraspinal situation in all paraspinal tumours by CT-metrizamide myelography. We recommend to do the laminectomy and the removal of paraspinal mass in a single operation. PMID- 3239244 TI - [Ureter triplication with contralateral ureter duplication]. AB - A case of ureteral triplication with ectopic ureter and contralateral duplication is reported. The incidence, classification and embryology of triplication are reviewed. PMID- 3239245 TI - [Pelvic floor hernia caused by longitudinal rectum duplication in a female newborn infant]. AB - Report on a pelvic hernia in a female neonate caused by longitudinal rectal duplication. Additional malformations were: Anal atresia with rectovaginal fistula, dysplastic kidney with partial doubling of the lower urinary tract and left foot. Pre-operative radiological examination should include: Opacification of the rectum--CT and excretory urography. The attachment of the totality of pathologic findings to partial caudal twinning syndrome is discussed. PMID- 3239246 TI - [Pediatric inguinal hernia in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. AB - We report on the case of an 11-year-old boy suffering from juvenile nephronophthisis who developed bilateral inguinal hernia (on the right as a recurrence of the neonatal operation) 5 days and 4 months after starting CAPD treatment. Before the peritoneal dialysis there had been no clinical signs and no history of inguinal hernia. On the basis of this we emphasise some particular features of inguinal hernia under CAPD treatment such as an increased risk of incarceration, the importance of genital and scrotal swelling as an early symptom, the value of peritoneography as a diagnostic aid, and the need for high ligation of the patent processus vaginalis together with reduced postoperative volumes of the peritoneal dialysate. PMID- 3239247 TI - [Presacral tumor with sacral meningocele]. AB - Due to rectal atresia a 10-year-old boy had been operated on using Rehbein's procedure in babyhood in another hospital. Rectal incontinence remained and we planned to improve it by a gracilis plastic operation. During preoperative diagnosis we found a so-called "Currarino triad", because the boy did not only have an anorectal malformation but also an anterior sacral meningocele and a solid presacral tumour. Initially, two surgical interventions were done to remove the tumour and meningocele and three months later a gracilis plastic operation was performed successfully. PMID- 3239248 TI - Surgical complications in Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in childhood. AB - Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a medical disorder of unknown aetiology. Surgical problems may develop in some patients. Intussusception, perforation and necrosis may occur. In the present study 186 patients with HSP were investigated for surgical complications between 1977-1986 at the Izmir Children's Hospital. Surgical complications encountered in our series were intussusception (ileo-ileal 4, ileocolic 1), acute appendicitis (1), medically treated ileus (1). Operation had no added risk for the patients. The patient with HSP should be followed up in case of an abdominal emergency, intervention in time may be life-saving. PMID- 3239249 TI - [Early and late results of heterotopic spleen autotransplantation in pediatric splenic trauma]. AB - In this study, early and late results of heterotopic splenic autotransplantation in 18 children with type IV splenic injuries (Upadhyaya-Simpson classification) are presented. Splenic scintigrams, quantitative analysis of Howell-Jolly inclusion bodies, immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) and complement C3 levels and T and B lymphocyte counts were analysed in the postoperative evaluation of the autotransplantation group. The total follow-up period was 7 years. According to our results, splenic implants increased complement C3 levels and improved filtration function of the splenectomized children. This autotransplantation group has two important characteristics: a) it is one of the largest series of the literature (pediatric age group), with b) longest follow-up period. PMID- 3239250 TI - Different effects of vitamin E on the growth and morphological differentiation of 4 murine neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro. AB - The effects of vitamin E (vit.E, d-alpha-tocopherol acid succinate) on the growth and the morphological differentiation of 4 representative murine neuroblastoma cell lines: C1300 (wild type), NS-20 (cholinergic type), N-18 (inactive type), N1E-115 (adrenergic type), and the combined effects of vit.E and cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II)(cisplatin, CDDP) were studied in culture. Vitamin E inhibited the growth of all clonal cells in a dose-dependent manner, especially that of NS-20 cells, and it caused significant morphological differentiation only in NS-20 cells. In addition, vit.E enhanced the growth inhibition of C1300 cells by cisplatin in an additive manner, but not that of NS-20 cells. These suggested that both phenomena induced by vit.E may not always occur in parallel in each clonal neuroblastoma, and both mechanisms might be different. PMID- 3239251 TI - Some observations on the use of computerised tomography in Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease. AB - The use of computerised tomography in the assessment of hip pathologies in children is an uncommonly used modality. To date, we were unable to find any definite work on the use of CAT scan investigations in LCPD. Ten children with Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease were reassessed by two-plane AP and lateral radiographs and by computerised tomography. The findings strongly suggest that computerised axial tomography is an important modality capable of providing more detailed information on the distorted anatomy, magnitude and severity of the disruptive process in the femoral head. This modality demonstrated the presence of fragmentation and cyst formation in the femoral head even if two-plane radiographs appeared to be normal. PMID- 3239252 TI - Reliability of anorectal manometry in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. AB - Anorectal manometry was performed in 79 patients, aged 2 days to 19 years, who were referred to us because of constipation or symptoms of intestinal obstruction. A definitive diagnosis was obtained in 75 of the 79 patients (95%). Thus, anorectal manometry is a reliable tool in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. In the neonatal period, however, a definite diagnosis was possible in only 17 of the 21 neonates (81%). The age at the time of the first examination was 14 +/- 2 days in those with a definite diagnosis and 5 +/- 1 days in those with an indefinite diagnosis (p less than 0.001). If intestinal obstruction can be managed by conservative therapy, examination should be repeated after two weeks of age if the diagnosis before one week of age is not definite. These results indicate that anorectal manometry is non-invasive and reliable in the diagnosis of Hirschprung's disease. However, further examinations such as barium enema or rectal biopsy should be done, even in the neonatal period. PMID- 3239253 TI - Giant cavernous haemangioma: treatment with intralesional injection of OK-432. AB - Giant cavernous haemangioma was treated successfully with a new therapy consisting of intralesional injection of OK-432 (group A Streptococcus pyogenes of human origin). Complete regression was observed within 3 months without serious side effects except for fever of 2-3 days' duration and local inflammatory reaction lasting for 3-4 days. Local inflammatory reaction did not cause any damage to the overlaying skin and did not lead to scar formation. PMID- 3239254 TI - [Intracerebral hematoma from a large aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery in infancy]. AB - The article reports on a large aneurysm of the tunica media vasorum with intracerebral haematoma in an infant of the age of 4 1/2 weeks and on the successful treatment by removal of the haematoma and extirpation of the aneurysm. The rare space-occupying lesion of the central organ seemed to point first of all to a peripheral disease due to the very unusual and highly special course in the infant; a gastrointestinal disorder seemed to be responsible for this phenomenon. It was only after observing mild convulsive manifestations that sonography was employed as a diagnostic tool, and thus the central disturbance was identified and its localisation and genesis demonstrated via computed tomography and angiographic diagnosis. Attention is drawn to the outstanding "search method" of noninvasive sonography via the still open fontanelle of the infant. This method should be employed if there is even the slightest suspicion of cerebral disease. A study of the literature shows clearly the superiority of the modern methods such as computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography over a femoralis catheter. The literature includes in particular two cases that occurred in the sixties of the present century and were comparable with that of our infant; at that time, the authors of those publications did not yet command over our present day methods. PMID- 3239255 TI - Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver of an infant--case report. AB - A 10-month-old boy was found to have a huge hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma. Histologically the lesion appeared as large islands of loose mesenchymal tissue with profuse cystic bile ducts and hepatic cells. There were profuse bile duct and blood-vessel communications between the hamartoma and the right lobe of the liver. Because of benign nature of this rare neoplasm, more conservative operations are indicated rather than formal hepatic lobectomy. PMID- 3239256 TI - [Segmental aganglionosis of the small intestine--myth or reality? (A case report)]. AB - Reports on zonal aganglionosis of the bowel are very rare and the few cases reported concern colon and rectum. We present a case of segmental aganglionosis of the jejunum in a 2-months-old boy. He had to be operated upon twice because of an ileus of the short bowel. At the second operation, a 10 cm long narrow segment of the jejunum was resected. The histological examination revealed a segmental aganglionosis of the plexus myentericus. Possible causes of this rare zonal aganglionosis could be: 1. Local damage of the plexus myentericus through anoxia. 2. Primary abnormity in the gastrointestinal anlage. 3. An intrauterine inflammation. 4. A double migration and development gradient of the precursors of the neuroblasts, from each end to the middle of the gut. A defect in the microenvironment of the enteric neurons would result in their failure in differentiation. This possible explanation would challenge the accepted theory of pathogenesis of colonic aganglionosis. PMID- 3239257 TI - [Megacalycosis in childhood]. AB - Congenital megacalycosis is a renal dysplasia characterised by hypoplasia of the medullary pyramids and associated non-obstructive dilatation of the calyces. Calyceal dilatation promotes via disturbed urodynamics the manifestation of chronic interstitial nephritis and calculus formation. Therapy is primarily not necessary, but in the presence of stone development and chronic infections surgical procedures may become indispensable. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of megacalycosis in two children are discussed. PMID- 3239258 TI - Computed tomography of a tuberculous paravertebral abscess. AB - Spinal tuberculosis with extensive abscess formation in a 5-year-old girl of Asian origin is reported. The role of CT in the preoperative visualisation of the different compartments of the lesion, including extra- and intraspinal extension, is discussed. At present, CT seems to be the method of choice in the preoperative study of infectious spinal and paraspinal processes. PMID- 3239259 TI - The effect of the THV bullet in animal tissue. AB - The Tres Haute Vitesse (THV) bullet was introduced to meet the requirements of law enforcement officers, as an alternative to larger calibre fully jacketed bullets, since expanding or exploding bullets are not relevant in Europe. To examine the effect of the THV bullet in tissue, especially the size of the lesion and the degree of overpenetration, 11 recently killed pigs were shot with the weapons used by the Danish Police Force and a 9-mm pistol for reference. The ammunition was THV in the calibres 7.65 mm, 0.38, and 9 mm, using conventional fully jacketed bullets for comparison. The lesions were considerably larger when the THV bullet was used, the entry wound in particular, being roughly twice the diameter in the case of the THV bullet as compared to the fully jacketed bullet of similar calibre. Only one 7.65-mm THV bullet overpenetrated the target when fired against the thorax or abdomen of the pigs and then with only minimal residual energy. All fully jacketed 7.65-mm bullets, all 0.38 bullets, with the exception of one THV bullet, and all 9-mm bullets overpenetrated the target. The 7.65-mm THV bullet produced a lesion which in its extent resembled that of the fully jacketed 9-mm bullet, and should be a suitable alternative for the Danish Police Force. PMID- 3239260 TI - Human-type blood group activities on chimpanzee erythrocytes with special reference to M and N. AB - Human-type blood group activities on the red blood cells (RBCs) of three chimpanzees were individually examined with commercial mouse monoclonal antibodies (anti-A, -B, -H, -M, -N, -Lea, and -Leb) as well as lectins (UEA-I and VGA) and conventional polyclonal antisera for the systems ABO, MN, Lewis, Rh-Hr, P, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, and Lutheran. For further analysis of the MN antigens, treatment of the RBCs with sialidase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin were employed. The activities recognized among the three chimpanzees were A, H, M, N, Leb, c, S, k, and Jka. The RBCs of the three individuals possessed the A antigen which showed the same serologic activity as the human A1. Those chimpanzee RBCs showed higher H-activity than the human A1 RBCs. The Lewis b activity was revealed by the absorption-elution method. The RBCs of the three individuals showed a reactivity to the polyclonal anti-M reagents, which was affected by both the sialidase and trypsin treatment. The RBCs of two individuals were agglutinated with the monoclonal anti-N. The receptor was sensitive to sialidase and chymotrypsin. The RBCs of the three individuals, however, did not react with the monoclonal anti-M or with one of the polyclonal anti-N. These results indicate structural differences in the glycophorins and MN antigens between the human and chimpanzee. PMID- 3239262 TI - [Reflection of local inflammatory activity in rheumatic diseases in synovial imprint cytology]. AB - Cytological signs of the synovial imprint preparation have been correlated with findings of systemic, histomorphologic and arthroscopic inflammatory symptoms in 123 patients with rheumatic arthropathies. Out of the observed cellular and non cellular structures of the synovial imprint cytology, fibrin, fibrinous necroses and relations of neutrophil polymorphs, as well as synovial phagocytes, reflect the acute inflammatory activity of the joint examined. The content in synovial imprint preparation of cells and cell groups are manners of expression both of the acute and proliferative activity as well as basic activity, respectively, of the synovial membrane. The synovial imprint cytogram's number of giant cells correlates with the histomorphologic degree of severity of the local proliferative inflammatory activity. Correlations between the level of the 1-h value of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the imprintocytological finding cellular distribution density, as well as relations between synoviocytes and neutrophil polymorphs, had to be demonstrated statistically. No correlations, however, were found between cytologic structures of inflammatory activities of the synovial imprint cytogram and the differential cell picture of the associated serosynovitis. PMID- 3239261 TI - [Changes in the ratio of collagen type I and III in the interlobular interstitium of the lung in sudden infant death--a pilot study]. AB - In a blind study the interlobular interstitial connective tissue in paraffin embedded lung sections from 45 autopsy cases aged under 2 years (23 SIDS and 22 Non-SIDS) were investigated with the aim of determining the collagen type I:type III ratio by means of polarimetric evaluation. Sections were stained with Resorcin-Fuchsin for elastin fibres, Celestine Blue/Mayer's Haematoxylin for nuclear details and with Solophenyl Red 3 BL in saturated picric acid solution for the differential staining of type I and type III collagen fibres for polarization microscopy. The type I fibres were orange and the type III fibres green in colour. The spectral distribution of the coloured polarized light from the sections was determined and peaks were evident at the wavelengths 590 nm for the orange coloured light of type I and 490 nm for the green coloured light of type III collagen. With corresponding filtres the intensities of the orange and green emissions were separately measured at several points adjacent to lymphatic vessels. The ratio collagen I/III, deduced from the ratio of the intensities of orange to green light, was significantly higher in the SIDS-group than in the Non SIDS-group (a = 0.001) due to the increase in the amount of collagen type I and could indicate an insiduous fibrosis resulting from lymphostasis. PMID- 3239263 TI - [Congophilic (amyloid) deposits in the bursa tendinis calcanei]. AB - Eosinophilic deposits in the bursa tendinis calcanei were identified as congophilic material. It was shown that the incidence of these depositions increased with age and it is concluded that the bursal wall is prone to senile amyloidosis, like other articular tissues. PMID- 3239264 TI - Autometallographic demonstration of gold in rheumatoid synovial tissue. AB - A new autometallographic method for the detection of gold was applied to synovial tissue obtained by synovectomy from 30 patients with chronic arthritis. Granules staining for gold were visualized in biopsies from 26 patients previously or currently treated with gold, but not in biopsies from untreated patients. Location of macrophages was confirmed, and in half the biopsies fibroblast-like cells were also stained. Lymphocytes, plasma cells and interstitial tissue were devoid of gold. Granules were seen after treatment with as small an amount as 85 mg gold sodium aurothiomalate. The amount of gold staining varied between the biopsies and seemed to be related to the amount of gold given. Within individual biopsies, the distribution of gold staining was irregular. It is suggested that there may be at least two targets of chrysotherapy in arthritic joints, and that an influence of gold on the immune system may take place, at least in part, via the macrophages. A relationship between the biopsy findings and the clinical course could not be established. PMID- 3239265 TI - [Work disability and the granting of pensions in psychogenic rheumatic diseases]. AB - This paper is the result of a symposium that addressed the problem of disablement and social pension for patients with psychosomatic-rheumatological complaints. This especially concerns patients suffering from psychosomatic manifestation at the locomotor apparatus, who are increasingly disabled and necessitating a pension, without actual somatic findings justifying a vocational disablement. Primarily it is a clinical picture of a generalized tendomyopathy, often underestimated in its importance. Definitions, causes, and clinical pictures are presented. A critical phase decisive for the disablement, the personality of the would-be pensioner, considerations for the physician regarding diagnostic and therapeutic efforts, elements of time and environment, and conditions at the work place are discussed. In some cases a pension will be unavoidable and justifiable, even if the somatic findings seem not to be sufficient. The psychogenic picture must be carefully determined differentiated from simulation; determining the cause of aggravation is essential. PMID- 3239266 TI - [Effect of various combinations of DL-alpha-tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid on adjuvant arthritis in the rat]. AB - The influence of per os application of different combinations of DL-alpha tocopherol (TOC) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) on adjuvant-induced arthritis was tested in male Wistar rats (body weight 227 +/- 18 g; 8 groups, n = 8). One group (control) was without adjuvans arthritis and received no treatment, another group was also not treated in spite of adjuvans arthritis. Further, six groups of adjuvans arthritis were treated with the following combinations: ASS/TOC (mg/kg BW/d each) 250/-, 250/250, 167/250, 83/250, 167/167 and 167/83. During the course of the experiment (21 d), body weights, food intake, and the swelling of injected and noninjected paws, and (at the end of the test period) relative weight of spleen and the albumin-globulin-ratio in plasma were recorded. With the ASS/TOC combination of 250 mg/kg BW each, the highest antiinflammatory effect could be reached, as compared with all treated groups. The reduction of acetylsalicylic acid does by one-third to 167 mg/kg BW in combination with 250 mg DL-alpha tocopherol/kg BW seem to have the same antiphlogistic effect as acetylsalicylic acid alone at 250 mg/kg BW. This positive effect could be confirmed by the partially normalized relative spleen weight and albumin-globulin-ratio. The results allow the conclusion: --main antiphologistic effect of the combination is due to acetylsalicylic acid; --when combined with 250 mg DL-alpha-tocopherol/kg BW acetylsalicylic acid dosage can be reduced by one-third to 167 mg/kg BW and still have the same effect as ASS alone (250 mg/kg BW); --further reductions of ASS and/or DL-alpha-tocopherol dosage minimize the antiinflammatory effect. PMID- 3239267 TI - [Measuring pressure pain of tendons and muscles in healthy probands and patients with generalized tendomyopathy (fibromyalgia syndrome)]. AB - A newly developed dolorimeter was tested by repeated measurements in 25 healthy volunteers to demonstrate its reliability. Repeated measurements at 12 different points demonstrated good correlation. Measurements at these points gave a highly significant difference between 100 patients with generalized tendomyopathy (fibrositis-syndrome/fibromyalgia) and a group of 50 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. PMID- 3239268 TI - [Pasteurella multocida as a cause of septic arthritis in the elderly]. AB - Pasteurella multocida as cause of septic arthritis was only reported in patients with underlying joint damage or altered systemic host defense. We report a case of septic arthritis of the shoulder in a 92-year-old, previously healthy woman. It is concluded that Pasteurella multocida can cause septic arthritis in aged persons without precedent joint damage. PMID- 3239269 TI - [Considerations on the nomenclature of "soft tissue rheumatism"]. PMID- 3239270 TI - [Inpatient psychoanalytic treatment of patients with structural ego disorders]. AB - Psychoneurotic and psychosomatic patients with severe personality disorders suffer from structural defects of their ego-functions and are in need of specific treatment techniques which can be supplied by the differentiated strategies of inpatient psychoanalysis. The experiences of a specific inpatient ward of the Psychosomatic department at the Central Institute of Mental Health in Mannheim are summarized whereby the use of the inward setting to initiate long term psychotherapeutic processes is emphasized. According to an integrative treatment concept various verbal and non-verbal modalities of experience and working through represented by different members of the therapeutic team co-operate within their well defined functions. The main task of the team is to identify the various splitting mechanisms of the patients with personality disorders and to combine all the walled off ways of experiencing and social behavior into a complete picture of his person. To this end close attention is payed to the dynamics within the group of the patients as well as with the group of the therapists. As a precondition the setting of the ward and its rules of conduct for inpatient group life have closely to be watched and the respective behavior of the patients and the team has to be monitored. We describe our setting, the time phases of treatment, the tasks of the different therapists, and explicitely emphasize sociotherapeutic aspects for the final therapy phase. At last, we mention special emotional difficulties waiting for therapists who work in this setting. PMID- 3239271 TI - [Objective diagnosis of pre-Oedipal disorders]. AB - According to the diagnosis of preoedipal disturbances it should be worked out, that the test-results are not inconceivable formality and uncomprehension. From the selfrating of 74 neurotic patients we determined on 8 scales of narcism clinical description of well-known personality-dimensions of preoedipal fixation. With a Q-factor-analysis 3 subgroups could be established, which are marked as borderline- and narcistical typus against a typus without narcistic disturbance. The validity of such classification can be estimated about the clinical diagnose of 28 patients of this sample. It proves to be much promising for the diagnostic of preoedipal disturbances. PMID- 3239272 TI - [What protects against neurosis? Results of a comparative study of neurotic patients with high risk factors and healthy probands]. AB - In a study of 103 adult neurotic persons and a parallel control group of well persons comparable in terms of age, gender and occupation, a total of 48 patients was found to have had a background of extreme family conflict, while 32 of the persons in the control group came from like backgrounds. The persons in these two high-risk groups were examined for differences in their respective histories and in their present life circumstances. The healthy persons could be distinguished from the neurotic persons in the following various respects: 1. through a lack of single-risk factors during childhood and youth (e.g. very young mothers), 2. through an overall lower level of stress during childhood and youth, 3. through a more positive mother-imago, 4. through the presence of compensatory parental relationships, as well as 5. through avoidance-behavior in adulthood in which premature commitments which might otherwise be difficult to dissolve, are circumvented. The findings were further discussed with respect to the disparate family-dynamics to be found in the backgrounds of the patient group and the control group. PMID- 3239273 TI - [AIDS in psychiatry and psychotherapy: special psychodynamic and psychopathologic aspects based on a case with "AIDS phobia"]. AB - First some social conditions of psychic illness on the background of "AIDS" as an up-to-date problem were demonstrated. Then important psychopathological states of patient with a positive or negative AIDS-test were explained. Furthermore follows a case study with a so-called "AIDS-phobia". In the discussion the "AIDS-phobia" become apparent not as a special phobic behaviour but as a extensive hypochondriacal syndrome, sometimes near by a hypochondriacal delusion. PMID- 3239274 TI - [Basic motor pattern in 4 neurotic structures]. AB - This article discusses an experimental study in which 10 schizoid, 10 depressive, 10 obsessive-compulsive and 10 hysterical patients were filmed in five planned actions. On the basis of a questionnaire, the nature of the motoric process in each case was then evaluated by 11 people who knew nothing of the patients' personality structures. There were highly significant correlations between certain items and individual structures, allowing for the formulation of four basic patterns of movement for the individual structures. In the framework of the psychology of drives, these results confirm on the one hand the working hypothesis that motoric patterns develop in accordance with particular neurotic structures. On the other hand, the results can also be regarded as an indication of the value of defining these ordering principles. PMID- 3239275 TI - [Local chemolysis of occluding uric acid calculi]. AB - Between 1984 and 1986 nineteen patients (20 renal units) were admitted with obstructing uric acid calculi. Seventy-eight percent of all patients with urolithiasis were treated endourologically: 8 kidneys were infected, 8 kidneys were non-functioning and 3 kidneys caused a status colicus. Sodium bicarbonate was used for percutaneous irrigation and all 20 kidneys were cleared within 4 to 18 days. The technique is a valuable adjunct to the ESWL. PMID- 3239276 TI - [Factors influencing the duration of function of arteriovenous vascular anastomoses in hemodialysis]. AB - The function of an arterio-venous vascular access is influenced by vascular material, hemodynamics, blood coagulation and technique and number of punctures. By careful intraoperative handling, optimal postoperative care and treatment of the vascular access during and after hemodialysis the functional duration may be influenced effectively. The technique of puncture, the puncture cannula and the skill of the "puncture" are of great importance. PMID- 3239277 TI - [Intra-operative imaging of the ureter with sodium fluorescein]. AB - Surgical interventions on the abdominal, pelvic and retroperitoneal organs are frequently complicated by damage or alteration of the ureter. To prevent intraoperative damage of the ureter the authors suggest a method of visual identification of the ureter by luminescence analysis. A 10% solution of natrium fluorescein (14-20 mg/kg) was used as the fluorochrome. After experimental validation the method was used successfully in 12 patients. PMID- 3239278 TI - [Preventive use of nitrofurantoin in recurrent urinary tract infections]. AB - 51 patients suffering from chronic urinary tract infection were treated from 6 to 12 months with a single evening dose of 100 mg nitrofurantoin. The frequency of re-infection in the treatment period was compared with the same period before onset of therapy. The number of such re-infections was reduced significantly. Side effects of this therapy were substantial lower than after a three-times application per day. Gastrointestinal symptoms could be reduced in more than 50% of the cases by a combined therapy of 100 mg nitrofurantoin and 20 mg vitamin B6. PMID- 3239279 TI - [The elderly dialysis patient]. AB - By the experience of two smaller dialysis centers the prognosis and problems of dialysis therapy in older patients are described. The age in the onset of dialysis treatment ranged from 45 to 54 years. In the beginning of dialysis the average life expectancy of older patients is markedly lower in comparison with younger patients, but remarkable in single cases with more than 4 and 5 years. The problems of adaptation and complications do require much attention and allowance. Contra-indications to dialysis therapy in older patients could not be explained. The demand for a stronger consideration of this patient group in planning of dialysis capacity is established through an international comparison and a possible rehabilitation of the patients. PMID- 3239280 TI - [Are operations for urinary incontinence using colposuspension contraindicated in low urethral closing pressure?]. AB - In a retrospective study the influence of maximum resting urethral closure pressure (CP) and body weight on the results of 33 fascial colposuspension operations were analyzed. The success rate of incontinence surgery was most inferior in cases in which the preoperative CP was lower than 50% of the age related normal value. Incomplete success or even failure were also attributable mostly to patients with overweight. On the other side, also patients with considerable overweight and/or very low CP were treated successfully. It was unimportant whether fascial colposuspension was performed as primary or secondary operation or in combination with or after hysterectomy. The need to bladder neck elevation and the presence of optimal vaginal condition proved to be the decisive prerequisites for this approach. PMID- 3239281 TI - [The status of intermittent self catheterization in the long-term management of paraplegic patients]. AB - The search for an optimal therapy of the disturbance of bladder function which required much extensive diagnostical measures may be long-term and much patience of both sides is necessary. A number of conservative measures is possible, but the most expensive therapy must not be the best treatment. We would be remember to a simple and safe method, but to its successful long-term application a good functioning care system is mandatory. PMID- 3239282 TI - [Effect of human uremic serum on the survival of fetal rat hepatocytes]. AB - Children suffering from chronic renal insufficiency frequently show a liver cell damage. It is not clarified, whether this damage is caused immediately by chronic renal insufficiency. In the model of fetal rat hepatocytes, which were isolated by trypsin digestion, we have investigated the influence of normal and uremic serum on the lactate dehydrogenase release and the staining with trypan blue, respectively. Fetal rat hepatocytes under incubation conditions seems to be a useful model in the investigation of the influence of uremic metabolism on the liver cell. In our liver cell model the uremic serum did not influence the membrane permeability of hepatocytes for macromolecules. However, the viability of hepatocytes was impaired by 23% compared with normal serum. The vitality reducing factor of the uremic serum is not dialysable. PMID- 3239283 TI - [A rare case of benign ureteral tumor]. AB - It is reported on an extremely rare case of a benign ureteral fibroepithelioma. If the diagnosis is correct, in these tumors a conservative surgical approach is indicated, in contrast to malignant urothelial tumors which require a radical nephroureterectomy including removal of a bladder cuff. PMID- 3239284 TI - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species from river water. AB - One hundred and twenty samples of river water collected from sampling sites in the period between December 1986 and December 1987 were examined for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species. Among a total of 26 Yersinia strains isolated the following species were recognized: Y. enterocolitica, 12 strains, Y. intermedia, 5 strains, Y. frederiksenii, 2 strains, Y. kristensenii and Y. aldovae, 1 strain each; 5 were atypical Yersinia strains (rhamnose+, citrate+, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside+). Although the Yersinia isolates belong to the so-called "environmental" serotypes, which are usually considered as non pathogenic for humans, Y. enterocolitica biotype 1, serotype 0:7.8, lysotype X0, which has previously been associated with gastro-intestinal infection in Italy, was found to be present. Statistical evaluation of our data showed that the presence of Yersinia spp. and the presence of total or fecal coliforms are unrelated. PMID- 3239285 TI - [Surgical treatment of thoraco-abdominal and suprarenal aortic aneurysm]. AB - Ninety-nine patients underwent surgery for thoraco-abdominal (n = 73) or suprarenal (n = 26) aortic aneurysm, between January 1, 1981 and May 10, 1988. The in-graft technique was combined with re-implantation of renal, visceral, and segmental arteries, using the method proposed by Crawford. Ischaemic tolerance of kidneys was extended by means of flush cooling and was more recently manipulated by means of prostaglandin E1. Spinal cord function had been monitored since 1985 by means of the authors' method of spino-electrogram reading, with intercostal arteries being re-implanted in cases of need. The intervention was survived by 79 patients, with ruptures in 69 per cent of all cases and no ruptures in 82 per cent. The rate of paraplegia amounted to seven per cent (with 2.5 per cent of survivors. 25 per cent of deaths, 18 per cent with dissecting aneurysm, and five per cent without dissection), and it depended on the extent of aortic replacement (Types I, II, and III for 773 patients and Types IV and V for 0/26). While the incidence of postoperative disorders of renal function, including temporary dialysis, was also somewhat related to the extent of aortic replacement (Types I, II, and III 22 per cent and Types IV and V eight per cent), it was clearly affected to a greater extent by the general condition of patients (ruptures in 50 per cent, intact and without dissection in nine per cent). Spinal monitoring and protection against ischaemia have substantially contributed to much better surgical results, in recent years. Surgical treatment, therefore, is recommended for patients with aneurysmol symptoms as well as for advanced cases of aneurysm, the more as rupture-related mortality has proved to be extremely high in spontaneous courses without surgical action. PMID- 3239286 TI - [Surgical tactics in acute mesenteric artery occlusion]. AB - Operations were performed on 52 patients for acute mesenteric embolism, between 1980 and 1988. The average age of 48 of them was 75.8 +/- 7.3 years. Only four patients were below 60 years of age. Only exploratory laparotomy was possible in 20 cases, and all of these patients died. Six of eight patients (75 per cent) did not survive embolectomy from the superior mesenteric artery. Seven of twelve patients (58 per of eleven patients (27 per cent) died after embolectomy and resection of subtotal parts of the small intestine. Death occurred also to one patient with acute iliaco-mesenteric bypass. Hence, total mortality of all 52 patients amounted to 71.1 per cent. The mortality rate for 32 patients with attempted restitutional surgery amounted to 53.1 per cent, exploratory laparotomy unconsidered. This was certainly attributable to 73 per cent of survivors of embolectomy combined with removal of somewhat extended intestinal sections. Follow-up checks in short intervals of serum lactate have proved to provide reliable diagnostic parameters and means for postoperative appraisal with a view to making an informed estimate of changes of a second-look operation for acute intestinal ischaemia. The lactate mean value for mesenteric embolism was 8.88 +/- 4.43 mmol/l. However, lactate values were normal, between 1 mmol/l and 2 mmol/l, in acute abdominal processes with non-ischaemic causes and in cases of ischaemia of extremities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239287 TI - [Surgical problems of aortic isthmus stenosis]. AB - Operations were performed on 84 infants for coarctation of the aorta between 1970 and 1987. An analysis was made of the results recorded from 45 of them (1983 1987). The youngest child had been two days of age. Additional cardiac (1983 1987). The youngest child had been two days of age. Additional cardiac defects were recordable from more than 60 per cent, while pulmonary pressures were above 75 in 50 per cent. Different surgical techniques were used and are recommended. The two-stage procedure was preferred in cases of associated intracardiac defects. PMID- 3239288 TI - [Conservative treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of the legs (I)]. AB - Surgical treatment is applied to something between five and ten per cent of all patients with chronic venous diseases. Conservative treatment has proved to be justified for decompensated forms with venolymphatic insufficiency. Compression dressing is the mainstay of all measures of conservative treatment. Sufficiently high and high-stability working pressure is of decisive importance to its effectiveness. This requirement can be met best by Unna's paste dressing. The compression stocking is suitable for after-care and to a lesser extent for prophylaxis. PMID- 3239289 TI - [Arteriovenous subclavio-subclavian Collier shunt--a further possibility in chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 3239290 TI - [Surgical treatment of duodenal and stomach ulcers with the VARY operation (bilateral truncal vagotomy + antrectomy + Roux-Y gastrojejunostomy)]. AB - VARY operations were performed at the authors' hospital on 25 patients for duodenal ulcer and on two patients for gastric ulcer, between May 1984 and January 1987. A postoperative complication was recorded from one patient only, that is bleeding of the anastomosis on the first postoperative day. All patients underwent follow-up X-ray, one month after surgery. Stomach voiding was found to be delayed in 55.6 per cent of all cases. Normally functioning anastomosis and intact gastric mucosa were gastroscopically recorded from all patients. Bile reflux did not occur at all. Slight diarrhoea was found in 18.5 per cent of the patients, while 14.8 per cent reported minimal epigastric dullness. Hence, all 27 patients were rated Visick I. PMID- 3239291 TI - [Surgical risk in the elderly]. AB - Analyses in the context of risk research prove to be clearly relevant to clinical practice, when it comes to diseases with increased postoperative morbidity and lethality. Results of surgical therapy are not in all cases satisfactory, if patients in advanced age are involved. A critical appraisal of this problem has continued to be necessary. Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were used for an analysis of the data recorded from 481 patients above 80 years of age (1979 through 1985). A prognostic index is proposed as a result of the analysis. PMID- 3239292 TI - [Ileus caused by ileocecal invagination of a leiomyofibroma]. PMID- 3239293 TI - [A rare form of duodenal stenosis in adulthood]. PMID- 3239294 TI - [Clinical testing of drainage tubes following abdominal surgery interventions]. AB - The properties of soft rubber, silicone latex, and silicone rubber were investigated by material testing and clinical observation with regard to suitability for use in drainage tubes. Silicone latex proved to be the softest of the three materials but was also characterised by very low elongation values, which caused problems in tube withdrawal. Soft rubber tubes should be used only for short periods in indwelling time for their inferior biocompatibility and trend to lumen incrustation. Silicone rubber, while somewhat harder than silicone latex, was characterised by excellent biocompatibility and safe drainage functionality. PMID- 3239295 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of anticonvulsants in the perinatal period]. AB - We have examined the concentration of a range of anticonvulsant drugs in serum, amniotic fluid and breast milk in 23 pregnant patients. Drug determinations were made during the last 3 months of pregnancy, at birth and during the first week postpartum. In the cord serum the range of concentrations, expressed as a percentage of the maternal serum concentration was: primidone (67-131%), phenobarbitone (80-108%), carbamazepine (60-76%), phenytoin (95-162%), ethosuximide (104%), and valproic acid (125-147%). In the amniotic fluid the corresponding ranges were: primidone (62-230%), phenobarbitone (28-59%), carbamazepine (18-45%), phenytoin (18-60%), ethosuximide (111%) and valproic acid (5-11%). In breast milk the corresponding percentages were: primidone (44-228%), phenobarbitone (20-50%), carbamazepine (32-80%), phenytoin (46-53%), ethosuximide (92%) and valproic acid (2-8%). Anticonvulsant drugs can be given in relatively high doses during pregnancy. Pregnant patients and neonates are patients with therapeutic problems. For this group of patients is recommendable a therapeutic drug monitoring. PMID- 3239296 TI - [Materno-fetal complications in pregnancies with multiple myomas]. AB - 46 pregnant women with multiple myomas underwent serial ultrasound examination until delivery. The effect of myomas on the course of pregnancy, fetal well-being and the type of delivery were studied, also in relationship to the number of myomas present. The authors stress the need for ultrasound monitoring when pregnancy is complicated by multiple myomas, along with intensive prenatal care in order to reduce risks for both the pregnancy itself and the fetus. PMID- 3239297 TI - [The significance of morphologic placental findings in fetal distress]. AB - The causes of fetal distress are analyzed in 50 cases, with special emphasis being placed upon placental insufficiency. Clinically, no cause can be found for the condition of danger to the fetus in 8 pregnant women. The surface of the villous vessels evaluated by morphometric methods is significantly decreased in 10 placentas. Of the 8 pregnant women without known cause of fetal distress, 3 cases were found to show reduced villous vascularization. The relevance of morphological examinations of the placenta in fetal distress is discussed. PMID- 3239298 TI - [Perinatal problems in fetal macrosomy and its relation to maternal Hb A1C]. AB - Although the frequency of macrosomic newborns decreased within the last years due to an intensive centralized care of women with diabetes mellitus, 175 new borns had a birth weight of more than 4,000 grams in 1986 (total number of deliveries 2,339). Within this collective increasing maternal as well as fetal risks and perinatal complications increased rapidly corresponding to the rising birth weight. When clinical parameters were related to maternal levels of HBA1C, which was determined immediately after delivery, a dependency of the height of glycolised hemoglobin was related to several perinatal problems e.g. maternal obesity, gestosis, maternal-fetal disproportion, operative delivery and fetal morbidity. These data stress upon the necessity of a general screening program for the early detection of metabolic dysfunction of carbohydrate. PMID- 3239299 TI - [Breast diseases (fibroadenomas, mastopathies, breast cancers) in hormonal contraception]. AB - 282 female patients with histologically confirmed fibroadenomas (71), mastopathies (187) and breast carcinomas (24) were questioned for hormonal contraception. 144 women had taken oral steroid contraceptive pills, 138 denied such treatment. Statistically significant differences could not be observed in the occurrence of the breast diseases studied. Under hormonal contraception, fibroadenomas were found in 28% (without contraception in 22%), simple mastopathies in 41% (without in 40%), proliferative mastopathies in 22% (without in 30%) and mammary carcinomas in 9% (without in 8%) of the corresponding cases. The histological finding of a so-called apocrine metaplasia was found in all the diseases (except carcinomas) more frequent in the contraceptive group. Histometrically, the breast parenchyma showed a changing lobular hyperplasia under hormonal contraception in all the disease groups studied. An influence of questioned gynecological risk factors for a breast carcinoma was not striking in the women with and without hormonal contraception. PMID- 3239300 TI - [Partial hydatidiform mole--phenotype of triploidy]. AB - A case of pregnancy with foetal malformations and sonographically diagnosed partial hydatidiforme mole is reported. Pregnancy was characterized by early preeclampsia. Induction of labour was done by oxytocin in the 19th gestational week. In the present case a triploidy was diagnosed. PMID- 3239301 TI - [Procedural regulations in the physicians office and clinic in relation to gynecologico-obstetric patients infected by HIV and AIDS patients]. PMID- 3239302 TI - [Pregnancy, delivery and HIV infection]. PMID- 3239303 TI - [Therapeutic results in uterine sarcoma (1955-1985)]. AB - This is a retrospective analysis of prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in 126 uterine sarcoma cases from the period of 1955 to 1985 inclusively. Up to now there lacks unanimity and extensive scientific based therapeutic concept; and treatment results could not be improved despite better operative and radiation therapy possibilities. From the examined charts and materials, the five year survival rate achieved for all stages is 31%. The mean age of the patients is 57.9 years and significant prognostic differences will be appreciated only in relation to the clinical stages at the commencement of therapy and also after local total operative intervention (stages I and II) in conjunction with postoperative radiation therapy. The difference in course in relation to the histologic tumour type can not be statistically verified. PMID- 3239304 TI - [Evaluation of treatment results in glioma using computed tomography]. AB - A total of 1,020 CT-studies were conducted in 234 patients with glial tumors of the brain before treatment and in different periods after operation, radiotherapy, and polychemotherapy. The CT findings were compared with the clinical and morpological findings. The author formulated the CT-syndrome of glioma regression after treatment, which corresponded to the stage of clinical remission, and the CT-signs of glioma growth activation, which corresponded to the initial stage of a clinical recurrence. The CT-symptoms of continued glioma growth appear 4-6 months ahead of a clinical recurrence in patients with gliomas of I-II degree of malignancy and 2-3 months ahead in those with III-IV degree malignancy. PMID- 3239305 TI - [Comparison of the clinical manifestations of neurinoma of the 8th nerve with their size]. AB - The results of otoneurological and clinical examination were compared with the operative findings in 100 patients with neurinomas of the acoustic nerve. A regularity was found in the frequency of development and the degree of manifestation of some otoneurological and clinical signs depending on the size of the tumor. In 88% of cases the idea of the size of the tumor gained from the results of otoneurological and clinical examination corresponded to the actual size of the new growth determined during the operation. PMID- 3239306 TI - [Disorders of systemic hemodynamics in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma]. AB - Disorders of systemic hemodynamics were studied in 68 patients in the acute period of severe cerebrocranial trauma. Three types of systemic hemodynamics were revealed: normodynamic--in corticohemispheric level of brain injury, hypodynamic- in injury to the stem, and hyperdynamic--in hemispheric-subcortical damage. The authors consider the hyperdynamic and hypodynamic types of the responses of systemic hemodynamics as a prognostically unfavourable sign. PMID- 3239307 TI - [Laser microsurgery of brain tumors]. AB - The authors report on a fundamentally new laser method of removal of brain tumors. The operation was carried out with a Soviet-produced surgical laser Sayany-MT (power of 60 W) interlocked with an operating microscope. Eighty-five operations were conducted by means of laser techniques. The use of the surgical carbon dioxide laser in neurooncology makes it possible to improve the conditions for performing the neurosurgical intervention and insures its radical character and a less injurious effect. PMID- 3239308 TI - [Hemilaminectomy in the removal of spinal cord tumors]. AB - From experience in operations on 19 patients the authors show that hemilaminectomy provides for an adequate approach to spinal cord tumors of various localization and histostructure. In all 10 patients benign extradural tumors were totally removed. Removal of intramedullary tumors is also possible. Some advantages of hemilaminectomy over routine laminectomy are pointed out. PMID- 3239309 TI - [Giant thrombosed saccular aneurysm of the brain]. AB - Five cases of giant thrombosed saccular aneurysms of the cerebral vessels were studied. Three patients had an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery, one--of the internal carotid artery and one--of the basilar artery. Three patients were operated on. The removal of the aneurysm had a good result in one case, a preoperative neurological defect remained in 2 cases. The clinical picture, diagnosis and the possibilities of surgical intervention in aneurysms of this type are discussed. PMID- 3239310 TI - [The occurrence of a carotid-cavernous fistula during labor]. PMID- 3239311 TI - [2 cases of an unusual mechanism of skull injury]. PMID- 3239312 TI - [A device for studying visual evoked potentials during neurosurgical operations]. PMID- 3239313 TI - [Evaluation of the radicalness of the removal of craniopharyngioma of the 3d ventricle in children and the possible sources of their continued growth and recurrence]. AB - The authors compared the evaluation of the extent of radicalism of removal of craniopharyngiomas of the third ventricle during the operation and in postmortem examination in 17 cases. They found that the transcallosal approach provides greater possibility for radical removal and correct appraisal of the volume of the removed tumor. Growth of connective-tissue fibres of the capsule of the craniopharyngioma into the walls of the third ventricle hinders total removal of the tumor. Other possible sources of recurrences may be microscopie areas of the glial capsule whose fibres grow into the brain matter together with craniopharyngioma epithelial cell complexes, as well as microcraniopharyngiomas growing independently in the depths of the hypophysis which are not related to the removed tumor. PMID- 3239314 TI - [Involvement of the ulnar nerve in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 3239315 TI - [Electromyographic study of the diaphragm following sternotomy in myocardial revascularization surgery]. PMID- 3239316 TI - [Myositis or non-inflammatory myopathy: an EMG diagnosis?]. PMID- 3239317 TI - [Electromyography of normal and pathologic vocal muscles]. PMID- 3239318 TI - [Electromyographic study of contractions irradiating from the level of the cervical muscles]. PMID- 3239319 TI - [Cerebral evoked potentials and nociception]. PMID- 3239320 TI - [Is transcutaneous oxygen diffusion measurement a prognostic criterion for artificial limb adaptation and rehabilitation of lower limb amputees?]. PMID- 3239321 TI - [The effect of magnetic fields on scar formation of experimental wounds]. PMID- 3239322 TI - Note on ethene and other low-molecular weight hydrocarbons in environmental tobacco smoke. AB - Levels of ethene and propene, together with those of some other light hydrocarbons (propane, butane, isobutane and ethyne), have been measured under realistic conditions in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as a step towards the elucidation of the sources of 2-hydroxyethyl and 2-hydroxypropyl adducts of hemoglobin observed in non-smokers. These adducts may reflect in vivo doses of carcinogenic epoxides that are metabolites of the respective alkenes. The data show that 2.0 mg ethene, 1.4 mg propene, and 0.7 mg propane together with smaller amounts of butane, isobutane and ethyne are released per cigarette smoked (0.66 g tobacco) of a common Swedish brand. The alkenes in ETS should be considered as contributing factors to a risk of systemic cancer from passive smoking. With regard to alkene intake, even a relatively mild exposure to ETS (2 cigarettes per h for 5 h per day in a 33 m3 room with one air change per hour is estimated to correspond to the active smoking of about one cigarette per day. PMID- 3239323 TI - The role of endogenous prostaglandins in maintaining the integrity of the gastric mucosa in Shay's ulcer model after truncal vagotomy in rat. AB - The changes in the difference in the transmucosal potential of the stomach, in the ion flux of the mucosa and the prostaglandin content of the mucosa were studied after pyloric ligation combined with truncal vagotomy in rats. Results indicate that 10 hours following insertion of the pyloric ligation, and still prior to appearance of macroscopic ulceration, the mucosal barrier is damaged indicated by the decrease in PD value and by a changed ion flux. The development of these changes is prevented by truncal vagotomy performed simultaneously with pyloric ligation. Following pyloric ligation, simultaneously with the damage of the mucosal barrier, the PGF2 alpha concentration of the antrum and the rumen decreased. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha content remained unchanged, while TXB2 content of the rumen increased. After truncal vagotomy the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha level of the antrum and the rumen and the TXB2 level of the rumen are increased. After truncal vagotomy performed simultaneously with pyloric ligation, the TXB2 content of the gastric mucosa increases with an increase also in the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha level of the rumen and the antrum and one in the PGF1 alpha content of the antrum, too. It is assumed that the beneficial effect of truncal vagotomy on the mucosal barrier is due to factors which are the known (i) decrease in H-ion secretion (ii) the unchanged bicarbonate secretion and (iii) the influencing of the prostaglandin level of the mucosa. PMID- 3239324 TI - Echinococcus alveolaris treated by right trisegmentectomy. AB - A case of Echinococcus alveolaris of the liver treated by right trisegmentectomy is reported. The imaging procedures (sonography, CT, angiography) ensuring preoperative diagnosis were of help in performing of resections and they can also be used in the postoperative follow-up. PMID- 3239326 TI - Vascular anomalies and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RLA). AB - In the past 7 years a total of 90 RLAs were performed in patients with testicular tumour and the vascular anomaly of the retroperitoneum was diagnosed in 10 cases. Attention is called to these vascular disorders which render the performance of lymph dissection difficult but can never influence the question of operability. PMID- 3239325 TI - Gastric stump carcinoma. AB - In the periods between 1960 to 1973 and 1974 to 1984, 10 patients with stump carcinoma were observed for a total of 1399 and 618 gastric resections, respectively. Although the member of stump carcinomas is relatively low, it can be stated that the patients undergoing resection for gastric ulcer are more at risk in facing the development of stump cancer. It is striking that, even despite an improvement in diagnostic procedures, resectability has not changed. The prognosis of survival may afford some hope only in the case of an early diagnosis. Consequently, it is advisable to make an annual endoscopic control in the patients more at risk for having been resected for gastric ulcer. PMID- 3239327 TI - Clinicopathological analysis of phaeochromocytoma. AB - Analysing 13 cases of adrenal phaeochromocytoma clinically and pathologically, authors draw attention to this long known hormone-producing tumour which can be recognized and localized by up-to-date diagnostic methods in an increasing number. In three of their cases, the characteristic clinical pattern, the biochemical and imaging procedures have helped in forming the right diagnosis, and the patients recovered after a successful operation. Ten tumours were detected at autopsy. The retrospective reviewing of the case records revealed 9 patients to have been treated for years for hypertension but not to have been examined for adrenal tumour. Lacking examinations, the authors only assumed a causal relationship between phaeochromocytoma and the fatal complications appearing in the majority of cases. Nine patients presented with palpitation and cardiac arrhythmias. In 4 cases, death was due to an irreversible shock, two of them could be assumed to have adrenal tumour due to mechanical effect. In one case, malignant growth of the tumour occurred with local infiltration and formation of distant metastases. In agreement with literary data, they found that histology was not indicative of the degree of severity of the tumour. No correlation was found between the size and biological activity of the tumour either. PMID- 3239328 TI - Radiotherapy alone or in combination with surgery in the management of stage III breast cancer. AB - 239 women with stage III carcinoma of the breast were treated by primary radiation therapy from 1977 to 1985. Of them 212 had an objective response and 27 showed no response to irradiation. From the objective responders, 105 patients were subjected to mastectomy and axillary dissection and in 107 cases the radiotherapy was not followed by surgery. Patients of operated group had a 71% and the RT alone group had a 61% local-regional tumor control at 5 years. The analysis of local-regional recurrences revealed that none of the operated patients had axillary recurrence but 8 had in the RT alone group. Postirradiation surgery is recommended for patients who have residual disease especially in the axillary region. The 5-year survival rate of operated patients was significantly better, 58% vs. 35%. However, these results are not comparable since the incidence of less favourable cases was higher in the RT alone group. Chemotherapy was initiated for the 27 patients who failed to respond to RT, but results were unsatisfactory. None of them survived three years. Further studies are needed to explore the role of chemotherapy in this stage of breast cancer. PMID- 3239329 TI - Results of our operations for carpal ganglion. AB - Authors surveyed the material of patients operated for carpal ganglion at the Department of Orthopaedics of Semmelweis University Medical School, in 1952-1986. A brief survey is given of the aetiology, treatment of the disease, of their own material and of the results of surgery of 112 patients. It was found that operation was performed in 5-6% of the cases for recurrences which seems to be an acceptable ratio. Only minimal residual complaints occurred, the patients working capacity was not reduced, they had good wrist function. Patients were satisfied with the operation. PMID- 3239330 TI - Nickel- and cadmium-induced fetal myocardial changes in the mouse: the hazards of cigarette smoke in pregnancy. AB - The prolonged effect of nickel chloride and cadmium chloride on the rat fetal myocardium was studied experimentally administered to the pregnant mother through a gastric tube in doses of 12.5 mg/b. wt. It could be demonstrated that, due to nickel administration, changes simulating cardiomyopathy and severe mitochondrial lesions developed and the number of collagenous fibres and glycogen granules accumulated, while as a result of cadmium chloride administration, changes were apparent mainly in the endothelial cells, but with simultaneous mitochondrial impairments, too. Nickel and cadmium are contained by cigarette smoke. Based on experimental studies, authors propose new arguments on the damaging effect of smoking of pregnant women. PMID- 3239331 TI - Carcinoma of the penis as a metastasis. AB - A case of carcinoma of the penis is reported where the tumour was metastatic in origin. The patient recovered postoperatively. Based on the histological study of the removed tumour, suspicion of bronchial cancer arose to be the primary tumour on the right side. Subsequently, despite the physician's advice, the patient left the department of pulmonology for home and so no further pulmonological examination and treatment were made. One year postoperatively, local recurrence in the penis could not be noted. PMID- 3239332 TI - Spectrum of operations on the cervical spine in a neurosurgical spinal centre with trauma profile. AB - A statistical review is given about the treatment in the Neurosurgical Department of our Institute of cervical spine injuries and non-traumatic spinal diseases during 11 years, as well as about the trends of development in spine surgery. The ratio of operative and conservative methods is described, analysing the indications and yearly numbers of different surgical procedures as compared to the data of non-traumatic spinal diseases. Altogether 786 patients were treated, 319 operations were performed on the cervical vertebral column. By the follow-up of different surgical techniques a radical change of attitude has been shown: ventral desis has got the leading role instead of dorsal spondylodesis which formerly used to be the method of choice. In addition, combined dorsal and ventral desis, lateral exposure, screw-fixation of the dens axis and the Halo method are important techniques of the up-to-date treatment in special types of injuries. PMID- 3239333 TI - The morphological study of copper chloride-induced lesions in isolated heart. AB - Rat hearts isolated according to Langendorff were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit medium containing 10(-7)-10(-4) mol/l CuCl2 solution. Using morphological studies combined with electron microscopic and cytochemical techniques, it was established that, by contrast to other tracer elements, severe lesions initially affect the capillary endothelium then the fibre system, being first characterized by edema of the capillary wall, accumulated pinocytotic vesicles and later by hyperconcentration necrosis. Using a concentration of 10(-4) mol/l, oxygen paradox- or calcium-paradox-type impairments develop. PMID- 3239334 TI - Up-to-date method of treatment of most frequent axis-injuries: screw-fixation of the odontoid fractures. AB - In the period from 1981 to 1985, 32 odontoid fractures were treated in the National Institute of Traumatology. In 4 cases anterior stabilization was made with compression-screws from the ventral approach. Two cases of odontoid fractures are shown, one accompanied by ventral, the other by dorsal dislocation. A brief review of the results with different methods of treatment is given on the basis of the international literature. PMID- 3239335 TI - The significance of neopterin determination as a tumour marker in ovarian cancer. AB - The neopterin level of 164 urine samples of ovarian cancer patients was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Parallelly, the serum levels of CA 125, CEA and of lipid bound sialic acid were also determined. A good correlation was found both with CA 125 and with lipid-bound sialic acid. There was a closer correlation with the latter both in the patients showing remission and in the active tumour carriers. In patients with negative tumour markers (TM) in the sera examined, a tumour-free state was confirmed in 87.5% by neopterin determinations. Accordingly, authors recommend neopterin determination in patients who face a critical decision. PMID- 3239336 TI - The importance of polyamine determination in monitoring malignant gynaecological tumours. AB - By thin-layer chromatography, the serum polyamine levels together with those of CA 125, CEA, lipid-bound sialic acid and urinary neopterine were determined in 56 ovarian cancer patients. A correlation was found in the group of clinically active tumour carriers between the clinical finding and the results of polyamine determination only where other tumour markers were suggestive of complete remission. PMID- 3239337 TI - Fixateur interne--new method for segmental stabilization of the thoracolumbar spine. AB - The Fixateur Interne (F.I.) is a new device developed by W. Dick and F. Magerl for the internal fixation of the thoracolumbar spine. This is a completely new system since it does not act as a four point bending system like long rod instrumentation but it is a two point fixation system and it is stable in flexion by itself. Segmental stabilization is attained in the best way by it. The device consists of two pairs of Schanz screws, short connecting threaded rods and hinges. Instrumentation is quite simple: from a posterior approach long Schanz screws are driven into the bodies in transpedicular way above and below the injured level. Reduction is made by manual action, rod-connection, reclination and distraction, stabilization by nut fixation. Its main advantages are excellent reposition-possibilities, good fixation, all kinds of decompression-procedures are possible beside it, simple technique, immobilization of only two segments, good for all kinds of injuries between Th 8 and S 1, postoperative external fixation is not necessary and early rehabilitation is possible. According to our early experiences and the data of literature it is worth while to turn to F. I. if proper supply can be assured. PMID- 3239338 TI - Clinical experience with intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) inserted with and without tail. AB - Between 1982 and 1984, two comparative clinical trial for testing new types of IUDs, were initiated at the Family Planning Center (Debrecen, Hungary) in collaboration with the Leiras Research Laboratories (Turku, Finland). 685 Nova T and 500 TCu 200Ag IUDs with and without tail were inserted in a randomized manner in order to study the possible role of the thread of the device in generating pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Because there were no statistically significant differences between the corresponding rates of the devices, the data regardless of the type of the IUD, were pooled, then separated into two new groups: the study group (IUD without tail) consisted of 581 cases, while the control population (IUD with tail) included 602 insertions. The age and parity distribution was the same in both groups (mean age 29.4, mean parity 1.9). In the study group 300 patients completed the two-year follow-up, and 9675 womanmonths of use were evaluated. The corresponding figures for the control population were 304 and 9935, respectively. The two-year gross cumulative termination rates for the study and the control group were as follows: pregnancy 4.4 and 4.6; expulsion 1.9 and 2.9; bleeding/pain removals 6.3 and 6.0, removal for infection 0.2 and 2.7; removal for other medical reason 2.1 and 1.9; removal for planning pregnancy 4.6 and 6.6; removal for other personal reason 1.6 and 0.6. The pregnancy, expulsion and removal rates, except infection, were almost the same in both groups. There was a statistically significant difference only between the rates of removals for PID (p less than 0.05): during the two-year period of use 12 devices were removed for infection and out of these only 1 was inserted without tail! Although these findings are promising, to draw a final conclusion more cases and a longer follow-up are needed. PMID- 3239339 TI - [SIMULAPOP, a computer program that simulates the dynamics of a small human population using the Monte Carlo method]. PMID- 3239340 TI - [Analysis of the equatorial section of X-ray diffraction patterns of striated muscles of tarantulas under various experimental conditions]. PMID- 3239341 TI - Lack of hypophosphatemic effect on glucose uptake, lactate and pyruvate release by the normal rat perfused hind-limb. PMID- 3239342 TI - [Effect of caffeine on cardiac cells in vitro of rats (Rattus norvegicus)]. PMID- 3239343 TI - Riboflavin production by Candida guillermondii from liquid brewery waste. PMID- 3239344 TI - [Ascaris infestation: a possible explanation for the high levels of anti-A IgG observed in the Venezuelan population]. PMID- 3239345 TI - [Use of the fruit of pijiguao (Guilielma gasipaes) in human nutrition. I. Antecedents, nutritional and energetic potential and characteristics of the plant and fruit]. PMID- 3239346 TI - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with disseminated intravascular coagulation and white clot syndrome: a case report. PMID- 3239347 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of temocillin against clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 3239348 TI - Effect of the exercise test on albuminuria, blood pressure and blood glucose in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. AB - Twenty-nine male type I diabetic patients (age range 16-46 years) and thirteen healthy men (age range 18-43 years) were exercised on a cycling ergometer at 75 W and 100 W after having achieved a steady state of water diuresis. Diabetic patients were subdivided into Group A (n = 19, resting urinary albumin excretion rate - UAER less than or equal to 16 micrograms/min) and Group B (n = 10, 16 less than resting UAER less than 126 micrograms/min). The groups were comparable in weight, serum creatinine, duration of diabetes and glycosylated hemoglobin. Group B showed the highest elevation of UAER at the work load of 100 W, with no correlation between increase in UAER and increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at both work loads. The only correlation between these parameters was found in Group A at the work load of 100 W (p less than 0.05). No correlation was found between exercise UAER and actual blood glucose in either group. The difference in UAER between healthy subjects and Group B patients (p less than 0.001) remained on the same level during exercise as at rest, but the difference between Group A and Group B (p less than 0.001) decreased with increasing work load (p less than 0.05). The highest exercise-induced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was found in Group B, although there was no difference between the diabetic groups in pre-exercise blood pressure and in mean SBP and DBP from previous outpatient check-ups. Blood glucose did not change significantly during exercise in either diabetic group. Working capacity of diabetic patients was lower than that of healthy subjects. The test revealed some diabetic patients with strong elevation of UAER and with abnormally raised systolic and diastolic BP during exercise. The value of the findings reported is to be clarified in a further longitudinal study. PMID- 3239349 TI - Vectorcardiographic evaluation of diabetic cardiomyopathy and of its contributing factors. AB - In order to investigate the prevalence of vectorcardiographic bites, expression of small areas of fibrosis, atrophy or degeneration of the myocardium, we studied, using the vectorcardiograms (VCG) of 101 diabetic patients (35 with insulin-dependent and 66 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, aged from 25 to 60 years, without hypertension, coronary artery disease, or intraventricular conduction defects) and 228 normal control subjects, matched for age and sex. The prevalence of bites was 38.6% in diabetic patients and 10.0% in the control group (p less than 0.001). Diabetic patients were also subdivided into groups according to age, sex, metabolic control, risk factors for coronary heart disease, type of diabetes, duration of diabetes and diabetic microangiopathy. No correlation was found between any of the variables investigated nor of a combination of these, and the presence of bites. We conclude that VCG is a sensitive test for cardiac involvement in diabetic patients but that it cannot be used to identify any specific factor able to influence the onset and evolution of this involvement. PMID- 3239351 TI - The epidemiology of conjoined twins in Latin America. AB - Twenty-three cases of symmetrical conjoined twins were registered by the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) in 1,714,952 births, which were observed during the 1967-1986 period in 95 maternity hospitals distributed in eleven Latin-American countries. This results in a birth prevalence rate of about 1/75,000 births. The secular and geographic distribution of this material do not depart from random in spite of one hospital with three cases, and two hospitals with two cases each, within a short time period. These 23 cases include one diprosopus, 3 dicephalus, one ischiopagus, 5 pygopagus, none dipygus, 3 syncephalus, none craniopagus, 9 thoracopagus, one omphalopagus, and one rachipagus. Sex distribution is even, with 12 male and 11 female cases. PMID- 3239352 TI - Demographic parameters and twinning: a study in Catalonia, Spain. AB - Twinning rates for the years 1975-79 in Catalonia (Spain) are presented. Crude rates are very low: 7.62 per 1,000 maternities, the DZTR and the MZTR being 3.74 and 3.88 respectively. Standardized rates remain very low. Sex ratio among twin couples is also very low (0.49 male vs 0.51 female births). A multiple linear stepwise regression on the twinning rates shows MZ rates to be influenced by birth order and father's age, and the DZ rates by mother's age and birth order. PMID- 3239350 TI - Hemorheologic and hemostatic changes in long-standing insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic patients with peripheral and autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy. AB - Diabetic microangiopathy may be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of autonomic and peripheral neuropathy. In 17 long-standing type I diabetic patients with peripheral and autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy, several hemorheological and hemostatic alterations were found compared to 13 matched type I patients without neuropathy. In particular, increased plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (p less than 0.001), fibronectin (p less than 0.001) and fibrinogen (p less than 0.001) levels were demonstrated in neuropathic in comparison with non-neuropathic diabetic patients. Moreover negative correlations between these parameters and both motor and sensitive conduction velocity of median, sural and peroneal nerves were observed in diabetic patients with neuropathy. Higher blood viscosity (p less than 0.05 at shear-rate of 450 and 225 s-1; p less than 0.01 at 90 s-1; p less than 0.001 at 4.5 and 2.25 s-1), plasma viscosity (p less than 0.001) and lower erythrocyte filtrability (p less than 0.001) were also found in neuropathic compared to non-neuropathic diabetics. Increased prevalence of retinopathy (p less than 0.01) and nephropathy (p less than 0.001) was finally reported in patients with autonomic and peripheral neuropathy. Microvascular disease may be involved in the development of neuropathy in long-term type I diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3239354 TI - Twinning in Greece. AB - Mean MZ and DZ twinning rates in seven big Greek cities were 3.2 and 4.75 per 1,000 maternities, respectively, during the 1980-1985 period. The seasonal variations in twinning frequencies are not significant. The total twinning rate in Greece shows a decreasing trend from 1956 to 1985. PMID- 3239353 TI - The validity of Weinberg's rule in the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey (EFPTS). AB - Most population studies of twins estimate the number of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) pairs by Weinberg's differential rule. This rule assumes that within the DZ twins the numbers of unlike-sexed (U) and like-sexed (L) twins are equal. The literature on the validity of Weinberg's rule is still controversial. In this prospective population-based study (EFPTS) of 2,589 twin pairs, of whom 2,577 were of known zygosity and placentation, the estimates of Weinberg's rule agree well with the results of direct zygosity determination. PMID- 3239355 TI - Mother-twin interaction during early childhood. AB - The components of a research program focusing on early mother-twin interaction is described. Preliminary data obtained from a questionnaire at two months post term, cross-sectional observations at the age of one year, a follow-up study involving home observation and parental interviews from birth to the age of 3, point to the specificity of this triadic situation. During the first months of life, the burden of material tasks and the increase in baby care leave little time for starting a relationship based on pleasure or play. The impossibility of responding simultaneously to the needs of two babies and the difficulty of forming relationships on an individual basis foster early concerns for egalitarianism. The degree of physical resemblance between the babies creates the problem of differentiating them. To tell twins apart, mothers rapidly tend to rely on behavioral characteristics to which they attribute a genetic basis. In contrast, differences in development between the babies that introduce the eventuality of the dominance of one of the twins are often denied. In this highly specific situation, mothers arrive at personal solutions of adjustment over the first 3 years, manifest in a certain number of psychological and educational attitudes. Analysis of these maternal attitudes may help to shed light on some of the features of later psychoemotional development in twins. PMID- 3239356 TI - The effect of twins on family relationships. AB - The results of the Bene Anthony Family Relations Test on 53 pairs of twins and 30 older siblings, as well as an analysis of personality inventories from their parents, are presented. It is shown that weight and birth order can affect not only personality and the way in which twins interact with each other, but can also affect family interaction. Particular attention has been given to the effect on and of the preceding sibling. PMID- 3239357 TI - The bereaved twin. AB - This three-year study was based on individual interviews of over 200 bereaved MZ and DZ adult twins. Its purpose was to record the lone twins' response to the loss of their twin and to investigate factors that correlated with either the severity or amelioration of the loss. PMID- 3239358 TI - Grief in multifetal death. AB - The grief process is examined within the framework of multifetal pregnancy in a variety of demise situations. The case studies examined were obtained from approximately 120 letters and interviews with families predominantly of higher order multiple births, who have experienced either partial or total loss in their pregnancy or afterwards. Objective and subjective factors were addressed. Results indicate the steps of the grief response are worked through in the same order as a singleton demise, but differ in intensity, duration, and frequency, depending on the individual circumstances, type of loss, gestational age, and the parents' backgrounds, expectations and beliefs. A unique feature discovered is that the entire grieving process, from shock through acceptance, appears to be completely experienced twice, with a large percentage of parents experiencing all of the stages three or more times. The general conclusion of the study is that the grieving pattern in multifetal death indeed follows a cycle and pattern of its own and requires special considerations. PMID- 3239359 TI - Maternal recognition of twin pregnancy. AB - In a retrospective survey of 336 mothers of recently born multiples, 71% reported suspicions of twin pregnancy prior to medical confirmation. Primiparous and multiparous reports of symptoms may be utilized to significantly increase the early diagnosis of the presence of multiples. PMID- 3239361 TI - Dermatoglyphics available for study at the Kloepfer Genetics Archives. PMID- 3239360 TI - Essential nonmedical perinatal services for multiple birth families. AB - Parents of multiples suffer unique stresses which can severely impair family health and welfare. Access to information, counseling, and community resources increase parents' abilities to cope, and reduce the risk of child and spousal abuse. Twinline, a social service agency in California, provides a variety of free and low-cost nonmedical perinatal services to meet the needs of a heterogeneous population of over 1,000 multiple birth families and parents expecting multiples in the urban and rural counties of the San Francisco Bay Area. PMID- 3239362 TI - Comments on the paper "The Monozygotic Twinning Rate: Is it Really Constant?". PMID- 3239363 TI - [Morbidity and mortality trends in hematologic diseases and the methods of their prevention]. PMID- 3239365 TI - CRNAs and the National Labor Relations Act. PMID- 3239364 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn]. PMID- 3239366 TI - Competence and cost of educational models. PMID- 3239367 TI - A nursing education model for the rapid expansion or contraction of the nursing workforce in a period of change. PMID- 3239368 TI - Anesthetic implications of substance abuse in the parturient. PMID- 3239369 TI - Constant-rate drug infusions: two methods of preparation. PMID- 3239370 TI - AANA Journal course: advanced scientific concepts: update for nurse anesthetists- pulmonary pharmacology: bronchodilators (continuing education credit). PMID- 3239371 TI - Delayed myelopathy following lightning strike: a demyelinating process. AB - Although the clinical findings in over 30 cases of delayed myelopathy after electrical injury have been described, there are scanty reports of the pathology of the spinal cord in such cases. We report a case in which progressive myelopathy presented 1 month after electrical injury by lightning strike and death occurred 4 months after injury. The spinal cord showed widespread demyelination of white matter from the medulla to just above the conus medullaris. This consisted of selective degeneration of myelin sheaths without inflammation or injury to axons, other cord components, or nerve roots. Infarction of more circumscribed segments of the thoracic cord where demyelination was greatest was probably due to edema associated with myelin degeneration, causing cord swelling limited by the pia mater. Raised pressure within the cord then resulted in secondary infarction. PMID- 3239373 TI - Immunohistochemical study of Rathke's cleft cyst. AB - An immunohistochemical study was made of ten cases of asymptomatic and three cases of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst. The cysts in the asymptomatic cases had monolayer columnar or cuboidal epithelium. Within the epithelium, cells which were positive for at least one of the pituitary hormones were found. The rate of positive reactions for these six pituitary hormones was between 70% and 100%. In contrast, the cysts in the symptomatic cases had an epithelium which was partly stratified squamous and partly squamous epithelium, and none of the pituitary hormones were found in them. Therefore, when a Rathke's cleft cyst enlarges to the extent that clinical symptoms are produced, we consider that changes have already occurred in structure and function of the cyst epithelium. In addition, we believe there is a tendency for monolayer epithelia to undergo squamous metaplasia and for cells which are positive for pituitary hormones to change into non-granulated cells. PMID- 3239372 TI - The pigmented subpeduncular nucleus: a neuromelanin-containing nucleus in the human pontine tegmentum. Morphology and changes in Alzheimer's disease. AB - A nuclear gray is found in the human pontine tegmentum close to the lower circumference of the superior cerebellar peduncle and is located within the pedunculo-lemniscal trigone. It is mainly characterized by the presence of medium sized neuro-melanin-containing neurons and, therefore, referred to as the pigmented subpeduncular nucleus. Three basic neuronal types occur within the boundaries of the nucleus. Scattered among the neuromelanin-containing type I nerve cells are type II cells with lipofuscin deposits and type III neurons devoid of any pigmentation. In cases of Alzheimer-type dementia, the pigmented subpeduncular nucleus shows severe changes. Neurofibrillary tangles can frequently be found within the somata of both the melanin-laden and the lipofuscin-containing neurons. In contrast, the non-pigmented nerve cells remain devoid of such pathological filaments. Furthermore, large numbers of neuropil threads are scattered throughout the nuclear gray. PMID- 3239374 TI - Autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys induced by immunization with cerebral endothelial cell membrane. AB - It is postulated that multiple sclerosis might be an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The mechanisms involved are unknown but, since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is damaged, injury to endothelial cells is likely to have occurred. Our previous studies have led us to investigate the autoimmune effect of injuring the blood-brain barrier by immunizing rhesus monkeys with an endothelial cell membrane from the same kind of animals. The immunized animals developed a chronic or a relapsing neurological illness. Histological and ultrastructural examinations of the brain in the acute stage showed infiltrates of mononuclear cells around the blood vessels of the white matter of cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and midbrain, while in the chronic phase, large areas of demyelination and remyelination, especially in the white matter regions, were present. The animals immunized with extraneural antigen, an endothelial cell membrane obtained from human umbilical cord, developed no neurological illness. This results indicate that the brain endothelial cell membrane has an inflammatory encephalitogenic activity which could produce widespread demyelination in animals. The animal model described here may prove to be useful in the pathogenetic investigation of human autoimmune demyelinating diseases. PMID- 3239375 TI - Neuronal lesions in mercaptopropionic acid-induced status epilepticus. AB - Neuropathological studies of rats were made after seizures of different durations. Seizures were produced by mercaptopropionic acid in paralyzed, ventilated rats that were perfusion-fixed immediately (acute) or after 2-7 days of recovery (chronic). Analysis of chronic rats, which had only 20-min seizures, showed that damage occurred to several structures including: the substantia nigra pars reticulata, the hypothalamus, the diagonal band of Broca, and the globus pallidus; the damage was worse with longer seizures. In rats perfused acutely no changes were detected in paraffin sections in the aforementioned structures if the length of seizures was 45 min or less. It was concluded that: (1) mercaptopropionic acid-induced seizures cause permanent lesions to specific brain areas, with the most pronounced effect in the substantia nigra pars reticulata; (2) the lesions result from the seizures, and they are roughly proportional to the seizures duration; and (3) permanent lesions may begin within 20 min but require longer times to become visible on light microscopy. PMID- 3239376 TI - Altered expression of collagen type VI in brain vessels of patients with chronic hypertension. A comparison with the distribution of collagen IV and procollagen III. AB - The vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the histopathology of cerebral microcirculation, but its characterization is still incomplete. For that reason we investigated paraffin-embedded and cryostat sections of intracerebral and meningeal vessels from eight normotensive and six hypertensive humans using monospecific affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies against human/monkey amino-terminal procollagen I + III peptide (P I P, P III P), collagen IV (7-S and NC1 domains), VI, and laminin (P 1 fragment) by applying peroxidase-antiperoxidase- and alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase techniques. In normotensives, laminin and collagen IV were codistributed in the basal lamina of meningeal and intraparenchymal vessels. Collagen VI was only present in the adventitia of meningeal vessels and larger intraparenchymal arteries and veins, whereas it was absent from cortical vessels including capillaries. Intensive staining for collagen VI was observed in the choroid plexus, the superficial glia and sheath of cranial nerves. In hypertensives, the basement membrane constituents laminin and collagen IV appeared ubiquitously increased. Here, collagen VI was also deposited in the broadened vascular intima and media of larger arteries and in cortical vessels. In both groups collagen VI and P III P appeared to be codistributed. Our results indicate that significant qualitative change sin ECM of cerebral blood vessels are taking place during the development of hypertension, such as (1) an atypical deposition or an increase of collagen VI which by interconnecting collagen fibrils (I and III) might exert a stabilizing (sclerosing) function in the ECM, and (2) a thickening of vascular basement membranes caused by an accumulation of its major components laminin and collagen IV. PMID- 3239377 TI - Ultrastructure of the skeletal muscle in the X chromosome-linked dystrophic (mdx) mouse. Comparison with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Ultrastructurally there are some clear differences in the pathology of muscle in X chromosome-linked muscular dystrophy of the mouse (mdx) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In particular the mouse muscle does not become infiltrated by large aggregations of connective tissue. It has been proposed that the differences are due to secondary biochemical changes consequent on the absence of dystrophin in both conditions. If this is the case, attention should be directed to the earliest ultrastructural changes held in common by both disorders. The most conspicuous of these, preceding myofibril breakdown, is dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Any physiological link between this and the absence of dystrophin remains to be determined. We suggest that in the mdx mouse, the widespread myofibre necrosis occurring at 3-4 weeks is triggered by increased mechanical demands causing the lack of dystrophin to become critical at this time. Subsequent regeneration of the myofibres appears to be almost completely successful. The ultimate failure of regeneration in DMD, in contrast, may be due to an additional factors acting in DMD exacerbating the lack of dystrophin. This additional factor may be associated with the plasma membrane lesions (not seen in mdx). Alternatively there may be factors present in the mouse that compensate for the lack of dystrophin. It is pointed out that to understand better the different processes occurring in mdx and DMD we need to learn more about the factors which control the balance between the growth of muscle and the growth of connective tissue in both normal and pathological human and mouse muscle. PMID- 3239379 TI - Skeletal muscle pathology in ovine congenital progressive muscular dystrophy. 2. Myofiber morphometry. AB - Fiber-type proportions were determined in 12 skeletal muscles (peronaeus tertius, tibialis cranialis, tensor fascia lata, psoas major, extensor digitorum lateralis, tensor fascia antibrachii, vastus intermedius, soleus, anconaeus, and flexor digitorum superficialis of fore and hind limb) from infantile (20 weeks), juvenile (16 months) and adult (2.5 and 3.5 years) Merino sheep with ovine congenital progressive muscular dystrophy and in age-matched controls. Although confined to type I fibers, lesions were severe not only in type I fiber dominant muscles (vastus intermedius, soleus and anconaeus) but also in the type II dominant medial triceps brachii and in the superficial digital flexors which had approximately equal proportions of both fiber types. The frequency distribution curves of myofiber diameter in dystrophic anconaeus and superficial digital flexor of the fore limb altered as the disease progressed. In young sheep (20 weeks) type I fibers increased in size, then in juvenile and adult sheep the curves became flatter and broader and lost symmetry due to the presence of hypertrophic and atrophic fibers. The fiber diameter profiles were similar to those seen in Duchenne dystrophy in humans. PMID- 3239378 TI - Evidence for increased amyloid enhancing factor activity in Alzheimer brain extract. AB - Soluble brain extracts containing 0.1 to 16 mg of protein from 3 normal human brain and 11 patients with Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome and other neurological disorders were assayed for amyloid enhancing factor (AEF) activity in the mouse bioassay. At the 0.1 mg dosage, five of seven brain extracts from amyloid-positive samples and only one of four amyloid-negative samples demonstrated AEF activity. Marginal AEF activity was detected in the normal brain extracts at 8 or 16 mg protein dosage. Alzheimer-AEF was aggregated by exhaustive dialysis against 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 6 or distilled water and the solubilized aggregate was fractionated on a BioGel P-60 column. Of the two protein peaks, AEF activity was present only in the low mol.wt second fraction, which on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining showed two discrete and three minor peptide bands between 60 and 66 kDa and one of these was periodic acid-Schiff positive, and three fuzzy bands near 14 kDa. Pretreatment of the crude and second fraction with 10 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) nearly completely abolished the in vivo AEF bioactivity. It is suggested that (a) a higher AEF concentration is present in amyloid-positive brain samples than those negative for amyloid or normal brain tissues, (b) AEF-positive fraction contains at least five dominant peptides ranging between 14 to 66 kDa, and (c) abolition of PMSF-treated Alzheimer-AEF activity, similar to that of murine AEF, might be due to its serine/thiol proteinase nature. To our knowledge, this is the first time that AEF activity has been demonstrated in Alzheimer brain samples. PMID- 3239380 TI - Serum relaxin and steroid hormones in spontaneous abortions. AB - To assess the capacity of the corpus luteum to secrete steroid hormones and relaxin during spontaneous abortion, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and relaxin concentrations were determined in serum samples obtained from 16 spontaneously aborting first trimester patients and 5 asymptomatic, apparently normal women who subsequently aborted. hCG and P were subnormal in more than half of aborting patients, and 17 OHP in half of them. However, relaxin was normal in most of them. No patient with subnormal relaxin levels had hCG values in the normal range. Such a relationship was not found between hCG and 17-OHP values. Hence, decreases in placental activity seem to precede a decrease in luteal ability to secrete relaxin but not to secrete steroid hormones. Some aborting patients with subnormal 17-OHP levels had normal relaxin values. All but 1 woman who aborted subsequently had subnormal 17-OHP values at a time when relaxin levels were normal. Therefore, in some aborting patients, the ability of the corpus luteum to secrete steroid hormones is impaired at a time when its capacity to secrete relaxin is preserved. PMID- 3239381 TI - Pharmacokinetics and distribution of diazepam and oxazepam in early pregnancy. AB - The transfer of drugs from the mother to the fetus is important from the view of possible harmful as well as therapeutic effects on both mother and fetus. In the first trimester of pregnancy this has been sparsely investigated. In 66 first trimester pregnant women, who had applied for legal termination of the pregnancy, we have calculated different pharmacokinetic parameters of two benzodiazepine derivatives, diazepam and oxazepam, after administration of a single oral dose of 10 or 25 mg to the mother. The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters were within the normal range for healthy adults. The pharmacological active metabolite n desmethyldiazepam was measured in concentrations near the detection limit. The penetration of diazepam and oxazepam from maternal serum to placental tissue in a 4 h period after drug administration was 31.5% and 49%, respectively, indicating a rapid transfer. PMID- 3239382 TI - Phagocytic cell activity in pre-eclampsia. AB - To compare the immune response in normal and pathological pregnancy, some functions of phagocytic cells were studied in 8 women with pre-eclampsia and 7 healthy women matched for age and parity. Free oxygen radical activity determined by chemiluminescence (CL) of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes (MN) during phagocytosis of preopsonized zymosan, and cell migration measured by tube migration of PMN were studied together during and after pregnancy. CL of MN decreased or remained unchanged during normal pregnancy, but a marked increase was observed in pre-eclampsia. CL of PMN increased, too, in the pre-eclamptic patients, but the difference was not significant. Tube migration was enhanced during pregnancy compared with baseline values, but the values were significantly lower in the pre-eclamptic group. Immuno-globulins (Ig G, Ig M and Ig A) were studied in both groups. A decline in Ig G level from baseline to the 3rd trimester was observed in patients. The complement fractions C3 and C4 were not altered during pregnancy in any group. The study indicates a difference in behavior of phagocytic cells in normal vs. pre-eclamptic pregnancy. PMID- 3239383 TI - The predictive values of single and combined urodynamic parameters. AB - We calculated the predictive values of single urodynamic parameters with regard to five urodynamic diagnoses: genuine stress incontinence, mixed incontinence, motor urge incontinence, sensory urge, and no incontinence demonstrable. We now constructed tree diagrams by using the parameters with the highest predictive values (recursive partitioning analysis) and calculated the predictive values of the combinations of parameters in each subset. The tree diagrams and the predictive values of the combined urodynamic parameters offer insights into the relevance of different urodynamic parameters and can be used in developing programs for computer-assisted medical decision making in urodynamics. PMID- 3239384 TI - DNA ploidy and steroid receptors as predictors of disease course in patients with endometrial carcinoma. AB - Prognostic factors for outcome of malignant disease should be based on objective assessments whenever possible, so that the results may be reproduced. In a prospective study, tumor samples from 75 patients were subjected to flow cytometric DNA analysis. Samples were also taken from 61 patients for estradiol and progesterone receptor measurements. The course of the disease was analysed with regard to ploidy and receptor status. Receptor status was significantly correlated with ploidy, as diploid tumors were more often receptor-positive or receptor-rich (greater than or equal to 30 fmol/mg protein). Mortality and recurrence rates were highest among patients with aneuploid or receptor-poor tumors. Ploidy, receptor status, histological grade, surgical stage, and myometrial invasion were found to be of significant prognostic value. By multivariate analysis, ploidy was indicated to be the best predictor, followed by surgical stage. DNA and receptor measurements are recommended in research on endometrial carcinoma, and may become useful in routine clinical work. PMID- 3239385 TI - Glycosaminoglycans in human breast cancer. AB - Abnormal concentrations of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) have been reported for various types of tumors, suggesting that they may play a role in neoplasia. The correlation between the content of individual GAGs was studied in breast tumor tissues. The total content of GAG was estimated by uronic acid analysis. The relative distributions of dermatan sulphate, heparan sulphate, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate were measured after cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Mammary tissue samples were obtained at the time of surgery from 11 women, 6 with fibroadenomata and 5 with carcinoma. From each patient, biopsies were obtained centrally in the tumor and perilesional areas adjacent to the tumor, and also from clinically uninvolved tissue in the same region. In the central areas, it was found that carcinoma had a significant increase in chondroitin sulphate and uronic acid content, and a significant decrease in dermatan sulphate content, as compared with fibroadenoma. The chondroitin sulphate content in perilesional carcinomatous tissue was significantly greater than in clinically uninvolved tissue. PMID- 3239386 TI - Continuous 24-hour secretion of growth hormone during late pregnancy. A regulator of maternal metabolic adjustment? AB - A dramatic change in growth hormone secretion was demonstrated during the 3rd trimester of human pregnancy, when compared with the non-pregnant state. The pulsatile pattern, with intermittent high peaks, and low or undetectable levels between peaks, characteristic of normal men and non-pregnant women, was completely abolished. All the 10 pregnant women investigated had the same stable basal circulating growth hormone concentration. Values were in the range 6-10 mU/l and there was no evidence of pulsatile activity. Previously, in animal experiments, a continuous secretion of growth hormone has been shown to 'feminize' hepatic steroid metabolism, hepatic prolactin receptors, hepatic sulphatase activity and to stimulate pregnancy protein synthesis. The same biological principle could be valid also during human pregnancy and be related to maternal metabolic adjustment. PMID- 3239388 TI - Endometrial carcinoma following chronic anovulation in a premenopausal woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Endometrial carcinoma was diagnosed in a premenopausal woman suffering with systemic lupus erythematosus. She had received both prednisolone and an immunosuppressive agent for more than 10 years. Anovulatory cycles persisted during drug administration, along with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The serum estrogen: progesterone ratio was high. Repeated endometrial biopsies revealed a progression of change from benign proliferation to cystic hyperplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and invasive adenocarcinoma. These clinical data suggest that a result of long-term unopposed endogenous estrogen can have been the cause of the endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 3239387 TI - Growth hormone secretion during termination of pregnancy. Further evidence of a placental variant. AB - Serum profiles of growth hormone (GH), hPL and hCG were recorded in 5 pregnant women during termination of pregnancy at cesarean section and legal abortion. Two monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes on the GH molecule were used to distinguish the pituitary 22K-GH from the placental GH variant. After placental removal at cesarean section, a rapid fall in GH as well as in hPL and hCG concentrations was recorded. On the other hand GH levels were unaffected when early pregnancy was terminated by legal abortion. The importance of an intact placental function for the maintenance of high GH levels lends further support to the concept that a placental GH variant is produced during late pregnancy. PMID- 3239389 TI - Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome with ectrodactyly. AB - This paper describes an 18-year-old patient with Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (R-K-H) syndrome. In this case, apart from the usual alterations associated with the R-K H syndrome, such as aplasia of the Mullerian ducts, renal agenesis, ectopic kidney and anomalies of vertebral column, ribs and hips, rare skeletal, unilateral abnormalities of the left hand and foot were present, such as ectrodactyly. This malformation, seen in prepubertal age, had led to an incorrect diagnosis of acrorenal syndrome. PMID- 3239390 TI - Ovarian and intra-uterine pregnancy combined. AB - Combined ectopic and intra-uterine gestations are uncommon, especially if the ectopic pregnancy is located in the ovary. A case of combined ovarian and intrauterine pregnancy that resulted in a full-term delivery is reported. PMID- 3239391 TI - Morphometric analysis of the human endolymphatic sac. PMID- 3239392 TI - Histochemical comparison of specificity of three bowel carcinoma-reactive lectins, Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-II, peanut agglutinin and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I. AB - A comparison of the histochemical affinities of three lectins reputedly specific to human large bowel carcinoma, namely Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-II (GSA II), peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), was done using 28 specimens in which normal mucosa, adenoma and carcinoma tissue were present and in contact with each other. In the normal mucosa, GSA-II and PNA revealed only weak affinity to the Golgi region of epithelial cells, whereas UEA I showed binding to the apical surface of columnar cells and goblet cell mucins, especially in the right colon. Adenoma was characterized by relatively intense reactivity of the Golgi regions of epithelial cells for GSA-II and PNA as well as reactivity of the apical surface of the columnar cells for UEA-I. In carcinomas the apical surface of columnar cell-type tumor cells was stained most intensely with UEA-I, and then in descending order with GSA-II and PNA. GSA-II- and PNA reactive carcinoma cells occurred more frequently in invasive carcinoma than in intramucosal carcinoma. Goblet cell-type tumor cells retained the properties of their normal counterparts. Staining with these lectins, especially GSA-II horseradish peroxidase, might be helpful in the identification of carcinoma cells and for analysis of carcinoma-associated antigens. PMID- 3239393 TI - Intraosseous epidermal cyst of the sacrum. A case report. AB - An unusual case of intraosseous epidermal cyst is reported. The patient, a 45 year-old Japanese female, had suffered from lumbago and dysuria for about 15 years. X-ray examinations and CT scan revealed an expanded osteolytic tumor without marginal sclerotic change within the sacrum, which anteriorly invaded the surrounding soft tissues at the S2/3 level. At this time, chordoma was suspected, but epidermal cyst with foreign body granuloma was finally diagnosed from biopsy and surgical specimens. PMID- 3239394 TI - [Rheologic investigation of hydrogels of cellulose ethers. V. Time studies]. PMID- 3239395 TI - [Application of a factorial experimental project for optimization of manufacturing technology for theophylline suppositories]. PMID- 3239397 TI - Metabolism of flumecinol in rats. PMID- 3239396 TI - [Animal studies on the absorption of vitamin A acetate dissolved in various vegetable oils]. PMID- 3239398 TI - A preformulation study on the kinetics of the racemization of ropivacaine hydrochloride. PMID- 3239399 TI - Extractive spectrophotometric analysis of potassium in pharmaceutical formulations using 18-crown-6 and picrate. PMID- 3239400 TI - The identification and determination of some metabolites of trimipramine. PMID- 3239401 TI - QSAR of inhibition of monoamine oxidase by substituted phenylalkylamines in vitro and in various neurons in vivo. PMID- 3239402 TI - Fluorescence study on the binding of epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol and dopamine to polyadenylic acid. PMID- 3239403 TI - Hemodynamic plasticity during hindquarter compression. PMID- 3239404 TI - Diabetes mellitus, adrenal function and the defeat response. PMID- 3239405 TI - Biophysical aspects of resistance vessels studied in spontaneous and renal hypertensive rats. PMID- 3239406 TI - Kidney function and hypertension. PMID- 3239407 TI - Determination and comparison of the aortic polyploid smooth muscle content of human hypertensive subjects and normotensive controls. PMID- 3239408 TI - Vascular hypertrophy and hypertension: a role for growth factors? PMID- 3239409 TI - Psychosocial stress and coronary artery atherosclerosis of monkeys. PMID- 3239410 TI - Physiological regulation of epithelial junctions in intestinal epithelia. AB - This symposium paper is a digest of three full-length manuscripts currently in press with J Membrane Biology (see reference list). The three papers provide evidence that sugars, amino-acids and small peptides are transported through intestinal epithelium primarily by solvent drag through paracellular channels. Active transport of sugars and amino acids plays a necessary but nevertheless secondary role in the mass transport from intestinal lumen to blood at physiological concentrations. Na-coupled solute transport serves two principal functions - a) it inserts relatively small amounts of solutes at high concentration into the intercellular spaces below the occluding junctions thereby providing the force for osmotic flow and solvent drag; b) it triggers contraction of the perijunctional actomyosin ring, thereby widening the occluding junctions and providing optimal conditions for transport of luminal nutrients in bulk by solvent drag. Active transport of glucose reaches its maximum capacity (V max) at luminal concentrations of 10-15 mM whereas transport by solvent drag increases in proportion to luminal concentration; at concentrations normally present in the duodenum and upper jejunum after a meal (50-300 mM) transport through paracellular spaces by solvent drag accounts for 60-90% of total glucose absorbed into blood. Similar considerations apply to other hydrophilic nutrients including amino acids, small saccharides and peptides. As nutrients are removed from the upper intestine by the above mechanisms, their concentrations decrease and the "traditional" role of active transport becomes a greater fraction of total absorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239411 TI - Cardiovascular responses to diving. PMID- 3239412 TI - XIX Nordic Congress of Physiology and Pharmacology. Oslo, Norway, 13-15 June 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3239413 TI - Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on the autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate in conscious dogs. AB - Renal autoregulation of blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were examined in 10 conscious foxhounds under a normal sodium diet before and after a continuous intrarenal converting-enzyme inhibition (CEI) or during the application of the angiotensin II antagonist saralasin. In order to prevent alpha adrenergic interference, phenoxybenzamine was infused into the renal artery. In contrast to studies performed in salt depleted dogs there was no impairment of RBF or GFR autoregulation after CEI or saralasin. Renal blood flow was autoregulated at a level of 3.81 +/- 0.18 ml min-1 g-1 in the control group, 3.98 +/- 0.16 ml min-1 g-1 after CEI and 3.97 +/- 0.41 ml min-1 g-1 after saralasin. The lowest point of autoregulation was very much the same between the individual groups (control: 65.0 +/- 1.4 mmHg; CEI: 66.5 +/- 4.6 mmHg; saralasin: 67.4 +/- 3.2 mm Hg). GFR acted in a similar manner (autoregulation level control: 0.50 +/- 0.03 ml min-1 g-1; CEI: 0.52 +/- 0.05 ml min-1 g-1; saralasin. 0.50 +/- 0.04 ml min-1 g-1). The lowest pressure of GFR autoregulation differed slightly more (control: 81.5 +/- 2.2 mmHg; CEI: 93.2 +/- 4.2 mmHg; saralasin: 85.9 +/- 2.1 mmHg). The results suggest that the renal autoregulation of GFR and RBF is independent of the renin-angiotensin system in conscious dogs during a normal sodium diet. PMID- 3239414 TI - Co-ordination of a simple voluntary multi-joint movement with postural demands: trunk extension in standing man. AB - The interaction between primary movements and associated postural adjustments was studied during trunk extension movements in standing man. Six healthy male subjects performed one series of six consecutive fast trunk extensions. Movements were recorded with an optoelectronic system (Selspot). Angular displacements, velocities and accelerations at the ankle, knee, hip and trunk were calculated. Trunk inclination was measured as the sum of pelvic tilt and spine flexion. The spatial and temporal coordination patterns chosen by the subjects to complete the task were compared. The self-selected trunk movement amplitude ranged 14-30 degrees for all subjects. The individual amplitude was maintained within 4-7 degrees over the six consecutive trials. Peak velocity of the primary trunk movement was highly correlated with movement amplitude (r = 0.73, P less than 0.01), whereas peak acceleration was not. Trunk extension, was the result of a simultaneous backward pelvic tilt and spine extension, together with hip extension and knee flexion. Knee flexion became increasingly important at larger movement amplitudes since hip extension as well as spine extension was limited. Associated postural adjustments occurred mainly as ankle flexion. In conclusion, individuals can accurately reproduce the multi-joint co-ordination pattern seen during a voluntary trunk extension movement. Movements at the ankle appear to be controlled to counteract the backward shift of the centre of gravity caused by the primary movement. Knee and ankle movements seem to be independently controlled in the preparatory phase, whereas they are closely linked later during the primary movement. It is suggested that the interaction between knee and ankle movements is necessary for optimal equilibrium control during trunk extension movements in standing. PMID- 3239415 TI - Firing patterns of midbrain dopamine neurons: differences between A9 and A10 cells. AB - Dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (A9) and the ventral tegmental area (A10), giving rise to the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine pathways, respectively, are commonly supposed to show similar electrophysiological activity. There are, however, instances where the two systems are differently modulated. To assess possible physiological differences in the neuronal activity of A9 and A10 neurons, randomly sampled single cells were extracellularly recorded in the chloral hydrate-anaesthetized male rat. In addition to firing rate, the degree of burst firing and the regularity of firing were quantitatively analysed. Our results show that although A9 and A10 do not differ in firing rates, A10 neuronal activity is markedly less regular and shows a higher degree of burst firing, as judged from analysis of inter-spike time interval histograms. Mean burst firing values were 3% for the A9, and 23% for the A10 neurons. Regularity was described by variation coefficients of inter-spike time interval histograms. The mean variation coefficient was 38.4% in the A9 group and 63.8% in the A10 group, i.e. the A10 neuronal firing was less regular. The difference in regularity is partly, but not fully, dependent on the difference in burst firing. Previous biochemical and physiological studies strongly support the functional significance of modulatory changes in midbrain dopamine-cell firing patterns. Since the firing pattern of midbrain dopamine cells seems to be controlled by synaptic inputs, our results indicate a higher tonic modulatory influence on the A10 than on the A9 neurons. Thus the present results imply the pharmacological possibility of preferentially affecting A10 versus A9 dopamine cell function. PMID- 3239416 TI - Repeated measurements of cerebral blood flow in rats. Comparisons between the hydrogen clearance method and laser Doppler flowmetry. AB - Changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), in chloralose-anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats, were measured simultaneously with the hydrogen clearance (HC) method and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDFM) in order to examine the correlation between results obtained with the two techniques. To induce changes in CBF the rats were bled and CBF measured at different levels of mean arterial pressure. As would be expected, with the platinum electrode at the depth of about 1 mm in the somatosensory cortex, HC gave biexponential curves reflecting clearance in two distinct compartments. During control situation the HC method gave the following values (mean +/- SE, n = 20, ml min-1 100 g-1): fast (fCBF) 158.6 +/- 11.5, slow (sCBF) 29.1 +/- 1.6 with a weighted mean flow (mCBF) of 83.3 +/- 7.4. These fCBF and sCBF values correspond well to those of others obtained with [14C]iodoantipyrine autoradiography in the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum, and better than the results of other studies using HC in rats. Our results, comparing data from HC and LDFM, show a linear relationship between relative values of blood flow changes, the coefficients being 0.658, 0.876 and 0.878 for the correlation between the LDFM data and relative changes in fCBF, sCBF and mCBF, respectively. All three regression lines were significantly different from the line of identity. Much of the discrepancy between the two methods may be related to limitations inherent in each of them, despite efforts to minimize their effects. Thus the depth sensitivity of LDFM in the brain may be greater than expected. In conclusion, the laser Doppler method seems, nevertheless, to be most useful for continuous estimations of changes in cerebral blood flow. PMID- 3239417 TI - Metabolism of the black bear under simulated denning conditions. AB - Oxygen consumption of three black bears (Ursus americanus) under simulated denning conditions are reported. The results indicate that metabolic rate in large mammals can be significantly reduced during natural starvation. The paper summarizes data on the lowest and average metabolic rate of black bears during simulated denning. PMID- 3239418 TI - The rat epitrochlearis muscle: metabolic characteristics. PMID- 3239420 TI - Indication of in vivo xanthine oxidase activity in human skeletal muscle during exercise. PMID- 3239419 TI - Neuropeptide Y induces potent contraction of arterial vascular smooth muscle via an endothelium-independent mechanism. PMID- 3239421 TI - Renal response to parathyroid hormone in the weanling rat. AB - The renal response to parathyroid hormone and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in kidney cortex were studied in weanling and adult rats. Clearance studies for the determination of glomerular filtration rate and phosphate excretion were started 2 h after sham operation or thyroparathyroidectomy in 24- or 40-day-old rats. Urine was collected under basal conditions and following infusions with 0.5 and 1.0 mumol phosphate per 100 g body wt min-1. For enzyme studies, rats aged 14-40 days were used, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in renal cortical slices was determined. Glomerular filtration rate was not influenced by thyroparathyroidectomy or phosphate infusions. Plasma phosphate increased during phosphate infusions and was significantly higher in thyroparathyroidectomized rats in all clearance periods. Both the net and the fractional excretions of phosphate were higher in intact than in thyroparathyroidectomized rats and the phosphate-retaining effect of thyroparathyroidectomy was similar in weanling and adult rats. Alkaline phosphatase activity in renal cortical slices increased between days 14 and 24 (1400-3190 IU mg-1 protein, P less than 0.01). During later development, no significant change was seen. It is concluded that the immature kidney of the weanling rats shows a parathyroid hormone-dependent adaptation to acute phosphate loading, and that changes in alkaline phosphatase activity are consistent with a maturation of this system only during early development. PMID- 3239423 TI - Renal sympathetic nerve activation in relation to reserpine-induced depletion of neuropeptide Y in the kidney of the rat. AB - The effect of reserpine treatment on renal sympathetic nerve activity and tissue levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity (LI) and noradrenaline (NA) were studied in rats. Injection of reserpine (1 mg kg-1 i.v.) caused a clear-cut (about 50%) increase in rectified activity of the post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves to the kidney within 15 min in chloralose-anaesthetized rats compared to a saline-treated control group. This increase in nerve activity was still maintained 120 min after the reserpine injection. The renal nerve activation was accompanied by a progressive fall in mean arterial blood pressure and an initial tachycardia. In a separate group of conscious rats, the levels of NPY-LI (1.3 +/- 0.06 pmol g-1) and NA (1.6 +/- 0.07 nmol g-1) in the kidney were significantly reduced (by 74 and 83%, respectively) 24 h after reserpine treatment (1 mg kg-1 i.v.). The reserpine-induced depletion of NPY-LI, but not that of NA, was inhibited by pretreatment with the ganglionic blocking agent chlorisondamine or the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine, both of which are known to decrease renal sympathetic nerve activity. The tissue content of NPY-LI in the right atrium (16.3 +/- 0.7 pmol g-1) was not reduced by reserpine. Arterial plasma NPY LI in the rat was high (222 +/- 5 pmol l-1), and this value did not change after pretreatment with reserpine, chlorisondamine or clonidine, indicating that, in the rat, circulating NPY-LI is not a good indicator of sympatho-adrenal activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239422 TI - Reflex activation of renal nerves in humans: differential effects on noradrenaline, dopamine and renin overflow to renal venous plasma. AB - Using a thermodilution technique for renal venous blood flow measurements, renal sympathetic nerve activity was evaluated in 10 healthy volunteers by measurements of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) overflow to renal venous plasma. Renin release was measured simultaneously. At rest, arterial adrenaline (ADR) levels were 0.24 +/- 0.03 nmol-1 and NA and DA levels were higher in renal venous than in arterial plasma (1.24 vs. 0.98 and 0.14 vs. 0.09 nmol l-1, respectively, P less than 0.01 for both). The renal extraction of ADR from arterial plasma was 40 +/- 4%. ADR extractions were used to correct for the renal removal of NA or DA from arterial plasma when calculating the renal overflow of NA or DA to renal venous plasma. At rest, the thus corrected renal venous overflows of NA and DA were 228 +/- 34 and 29 +/- 3 pmol min-1, respectively. Isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) increased renal vascular resistance (RVR) by 20% and NA overflow by 123%, without altering renin release or DA overflow. Vasodilatation induced by dihydralazine (HYDR) increased NA overflow by 63% (P less than 0.05) and elevated DA overflow by 107 +/- 59%. The renal DA/NA overflow ratio was reduced from 0.15 to 0.06 (P less than 0.01) during IHG, but was not altered by HYDR. Renin release increased by 377% after HYDR (P less than 0.001) and was correlated to the reduction of mean arterial pressure but not changes in NA overflow. Thus, both IHG and HYDR increased renal sympathetic nerve activity, although differential effects on renin release and DA overflow were observed. The dissociation of renal NA and DA responses suggests that the human kidney may have a subset of dopaminergic nerves. PMID- 3239424 TI - Plasma elimination kinetics and renal handling of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in the rat. AB - The renal handling of bovine and human superoxide dismutase (SOD) was investigated in Sprague-Dawley and Munich-Wistar rats. Under normal physiological conditions the half-time of the major rapid component of the plasma elimination curve was estimated at 6.0 +/- 0.5 min, the volume of distribution at 35.7 +/- 3.3 ml kg-1, i.e. the plasma volume and the corresponding plasma clearance at 4 ml min-1 kg-1. After a single intravenous dose, most of the enzyme was distributed to and eliminated by the two kidneys, whereas the non-renal clearance was low, 0.5 ml min-1 kg-1. The single nephron filtration of SOD, as assessed from micropuncture of Bowman's space, was 10.4 +/- 1.0 nl min-1, which was 26 +/- 2% of that for inulin. The total elimination of SOD by glomerular filtration would thereby be 2.5 ml min-1 kg-1, i.e. the glomerular ultrafiltration process would account for the largest part of the elimination of SOD from circulating plasma. After the dosage of 20 mg kg-1, about two-thirds of the injected SOD was excreted as the intact molecule into the urine, whereas one-third was found to be reabsorbed and metabolized by the proximal tubular epithelial cells. In animals suffering from unilateral post-ischaemic acute renal failure, the elimination half-time was 13 +/- 1.9 min, a value which increased by 55 +/- 5 min after bilateral functional nephrectomy. By contrast, the distribution volume remained essentially unchanged. PMID- 3239425 TI - Comparative potency of carbachol, sham feeding, fundic distension and 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 as stimulants of human gastric bicarbonate secretion. AB - Six healthy subjects in random order underwent gastric bicarbonate secretion investigations, including stimulation with increasing doses of the cholinergic agonist carbachol, sham feeding, fundic distension and gastric instillation of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2. Bicarbonate secretion was measured by a computer based system which continuously recorded pH and PCO2 of the effluent in a high volume gastric perfusion system. The peak 30 min gastric bicarbonate output in response to carbachol, 150 mg subcutaneously, was 114% (P less than 0.05). Vagal stimulation by sham feeding resulted in a corresponding increase of 112% (P less than 0.05), while fundic distension to a volume of 600 ml gave an increase of 114% (P less than 0.05). In comparison, the response to 80 micrograms 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 was much greater, the peak bicarbonate output being increased by 245% (P less than 0.05). Both sham feeding and fundic distension appear to be either submaximal stimuli of gastric bicarbonate secretion in man or may possess both stimulatory and inhibitory actions. PMID- 3239426 TI - The calcium entry blocker verapamil increases red cell flux in the vasa recta of the exposed renal papilla. AB - To investigate the vasoreactivity of the vessels of the juxtamedullary vasculature, measurements were made of the red blood cell flux (Qrbc) in the vasa recta of the exposed renal papilla of anaesthetized rats by means of fluorescently labelled erythrocytes. The flux was measured before and after intravenous administration of the calcium entry blocker verapamil, which was infused in two different doses. A control group receiving vehicle was studied in parallel. The lower dose of verapamil (0.6 mg h-1 kg-1 body wt) increased Qrbc by 30 +/- 6% (n = 9, P less than 0.05, mean +/- 1 SEM) and reduced the systemic blood pressure by 6% (P less than 0.05). The osmolality of urine samples from the papillary tip remained statistically unchanged (1199 +/- 60 vs. 1186 +/- 102 mosM kg-1 H2O). In the animals receiving the higher dose of verapamil (2.4 mg h-1 kg-1 body wt), Qrbc increased by 39 +/- 7% (n = 10, P less than 0.05) and the blood pressure was reduced by 9% (P less than 0.05), while urine osmolality was unchanged (1104 +/- 110 vs. 1264 +/- 123 mosM kg-1 H2O). In the time control group there was no statistically significant change in Qrbc (+6 +/- 8%, n = 10), blood pressure or urine osmolality (1006 +/- 61 vs. 1091 +/- 70 mosM kg-1 H2O). The verapamil-induced increase in Qrbc is probably mainly mediated by a relaxation of the afferent arteriole of the juxtamedullary nephrons. The results confirm our previous indication of a high vasoreactivity in the vessels of the juxtamedullary vasculature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239427 TI - [Effect of benzodiazepines on drug-metabolizing enzymes. I. In vivo effect of clonazepam on microsomal monooxygenases of the rat liver in increased environmental temperature]. PMID- 3239428 TI - [Effect of leiocarposide on experimental urinary calculi in rats]. PMID- 3239429 TI - [The search for compounds with dopaminergic activity. VII. Synthesis of piribedil analogs]. PMID- 3239430 TI - [Effect of benzodiazepines on drug-metabolizing enzymes. II. Increased environmental temperature as a modifier of the effect of nitrazepam on microsomal monooxygenases of the rat liver]. PMID- 3239431 TI - [Pharmacologic studies of new derivatives of tetrahydropyridine and 7-acetyl-6 hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylbenzofurano-2-carboxylic acid]. PMID- 3239432 TI - [Studies of the effects of new derivatives of 3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7-8-hexahydro-S triazolo[4,3-A]pyrimidine on the central nervous system]. PMID- 3239433 TI - [Dysfunction in the family life cycle: alcohol abuse and its consequences on the family]. AB - This paper studies how alcohol abuse interacts during the different stages of family-life cycle thus enhancing the possibilities of dysfunctions thereof. Formation of a family, its adapting to the first-born, the upbringing of preschool, school, and teenage children are the topics under review as well as the time when children leave home, and the later-life period when the elderly couple goes through the "empty nest" feeling. Alcohol abuse and its consequences upon the different family members are screened up. Finally, family therapy relevance when dealing with the treatment of alcoholism is put forward. PMID- 3239434 TI - [Evaluation of Piotrowsky's organic signs in the Rorschach test of patients with an early stage of dementia]. AB - This paper aims at observing how frequently Piotrowsky's organic signs are detected when Rorschach test is administered to patients with suspected dementia. The organic group was a 15-patient sample, compared with a normal subjects control group. Both groups were similar as far as age, I.Q., and education were concerned. Our findings show that Perplexity was the sole item to get significant results. Out of the remaining signs, only two--namely, Movement and Automatic Phrases--were somewhere near a significant level. These findings were compared with other researchers'. Postulating that Perplexity, Movement, and Automatic Phrases might constitute useful clues when assessing the possibility of an early stage of dementia is the conclusion this article aims at. PMID- 3239435 TI - [Psychiatric diagnostic classification in transcultural epidemiologic studies]. AB - The utility of transcultural psychiatric epidemiology research is discussed as well as the methodological difficulties inherent in this type of investigation. The comparison across different cultures of the prevalence and incidence of mental illness in population studies can be used to obtain a better understanding of the risk and etiological factors involved in the development of specific psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, most population studies have been carried out in developing countries mostly due to the complexity and high cost of these studies. As a consequence, a gap in psychiatric knowledge is created between the developed and developing countries resulting in the false notion that many of the psychiatric disorders observed in developed countries are universal to all human beings. The cross-cultural validity of certain psychiatric disorders based on the American Psychiatric Nosology (DSM III) are discussed. The article discusses the methodological difficulties which arise from the need of maintaining methods and criteria uniform in cross-cultural studies in order to allow comparisons, as well as the need of incorporating into the methodology the cultural differences existent in the manifestation or definition of the specific psychiatric disorders studied. Various possible methodologies are discussed which address this dilemma, such as the combination of empirical and ethnographic approaches and the cross cultural comparison of empirically defined syndromes. PMID- 3239436 TI - [Seasonal affective disorders]. PMID- 3239437 TI - The interosseous and lumbrical muscles in the human hand, with special reference to the insertions of the interosseous muscles. AB - The interosseous and lumbrical muscles in twenty-five hands of Japanese adult cadavers were dissected. The palmar and dorsal interosseous muscles continued, with few exceptions, into the wing tendons. The dorsal interosseous muscles gave off tendons which pierced the transverse laminae or passed deep to the transverse laminae, and attached to the bases of the proximal phalanges. The palmar interosseous muscles seldom had such attachments. The palmar and dorsal interosseous muscles sometimes gave off additional tendons which passed superficial to the transverse laminae and attached to the bases of the proximal phalanges. These latter attachments were typical in the contrahentes muscles. Thus, the present findings suggest that the human dorsal interosseous muscles are composite muscles derived from the dorsal abductor, flexor brevis and contrahens muscles, and that the human palmar interosseous muscles are composite muscles derived from the flexor brevis and contrahens muscles. The lumbrical muscles rarely gave off accessory slips with atavistic attachments to the proximal phalanges. PMID- 3239439 TI - Results of surgery for aortic regurgitation due to aortic valve prolapse. AB - The clinical, hemodynamic and pathological findings of 13 patients with aortic regurgitation due to aortic valve prolapse caused by advanced myxomatous degeneration were evaluated. Eleven patients showed a favorable outcome with no complications resulting from surgery. One patient died from aortic dissection, and another died suddenly from an unknown cause. Five patients had mitral valve prolapse as a complication. Ten patients (77%) had a long-standing history of hypertension. Twelve patients (92%) were male. None of the patients had the stigmata of Marfan's syndrome. All patients had marked myxomatous degeneration of the aortic valves without any inflammatory changes. Two patients showed microcalcification; 7 demonstrated moderate fibrosis. Five patients showed severe fragility of the cusps which appeared redundant, gelatinous and softened by degenerative changes. Myxomatous degeneration of the aortic valve is not rare, and, in fact, it may be one of the most common pathologic and clinical entities associated with pure aortic insufficiency. PMID- 3239438 TI - Effect of heart rate and myocardial contractile force on coronary resistance. AB - The effect of the heart rate and myocardial contractile force on the extravascular resistance to blood flow of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was evaluated in 15 mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. The LAD was maximally dilated by intracoronary infusion of adenosine, which precluded the influence of vasomotor tone. Increases in the heart rate and myocardial contractile force decreased coronary blood flow in the absence of a change in coronary perfusion pressure. The changes in mean coronary resistance showed a significant linear relationship to changes in developed tension. The changes in coronary resistance caused by varying the heart rate and contractile force were so small that a normal coronary vascular tree could easily compensate for the increase in resistance. However, it is supposed that with critical stenosis of the vascular tree even a small increase in resistance might cause deleterious effects on coronary blood flow. PMID- 3239440 TI - A case of complete atrioventricular block due to malignant lymphoma. AB - A case of malignant lymphoma associated with complete heart block in a 30-year old woman is reported. The patient progressively deteriorated despite temporary pacing and died 24 days after being admitted. Microscopic examination of the heart revealed marked infiltration by lymphoma cells in the atrioventricular node and the bundle of His. A diffuse lymphoma (large cell type, B cell) was diagnosed. This case is considered to be rare, since complete heart block was the first and only manifestation of the malignant lymphoma. PMID- 3239441 TI - Ecological analysis of an intervention study of smoking cessation in medical practices. AB - This study began as an investigation of the feasibility of a brief, multifaceted primary care smoking cessation intervention in two primary care medical settings. When the investigators experienced a series of problems and setbacks in implementing the protocol in both settings, they turned their attention to the ecological disturbances created in the health care settings when outside researchers intervened. This paper analyzes the interaction patterns that complicated the research enterprise, particularly the triangles among the research team, the nurses, and the physicians. It also describes steps taken by the research team to deal with these ecological/systems problems. The authors raise these issues to help other researchers who encounter similar problems in community-based research, problems which are rarely discussed in the research literature. PMID- 3239442 TI - Patients' preferences for resident physician dress style. AB - A survey study was conducted to determine patients' preferences for resident physician attire as well as the relationship of physicians' attire to patient satisfaction and perception of the quality of care. Questionnaire responses were obtained from 200 consecutive subjects equally divided among four clinical settings (a hospital-based internal medicine clinic, an emergency room, an internal medicine ward, and a community-based internal medicine clinic) which are maintained by the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center. The questionnaires were administered only to English-speaking patients who had seen a physician on a previous visit. A majority of the patients at the four settings indicated that they had no preference regarding attire (70.5% for male doctors, 66.5% for female doctors): however, 44% of the patients said that neatness of dress was moderately to very important. The aggregate findings were not greatly altered when adjusted for demographic variables such as age, sex, race, occupational status, and education. PMID- 3239443 TI - Writing and publishing research articles. AB - The purpose of this article is to assist family medicine researchers in writing organized and concise articles. While the basis of any good article is the quality of the study it describes, the chances of the article being published and communicating results effectively to readers can be improved through effective writing. The IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) format is used to instruct authors as to the contents of an article. Suggestions for improving the writing and publishing of articles include: outline the article, format the article for submission in the style specified by the journal, obtain reviews from coauthors and colleagues, and use an editor. PMID- 3239444 TI - The health belief model and attendance for prenatal care. AB - Adequate prenatal care as defined by timely initiation and completion of prenatal visits has been frequently associated with good perinatal outcomes. Health beliefs and other psychosocial and demographic variables were explored in a cohort of 255 rural recently delivered women to determine the important correlates with adequate prenatal care. Respondents' health beliefs relating to pregnancy and prenatal care were assessed with an instrument with acceptable construct validity and reliability. A prevention-oriented health belief score, tangible social support, and adequate health insurance were all positively associated with adequacy of care as defined above. PMID- 3239445 TI - Faculty development for family medicine: a status report. AB - Stability in family medicine residency program growth has resulted in a trend to redefine faculty development in terms of changing needs. Recent literature has indicated these needs to be in the areas of increased research, improved clinical skills, reassessment of content and methods of faculty development, and changes in educational methods. To identify the status of faculty development programs in 1985, 126 family medicine university-based programs were surveyed. Data were obtained regarding the content of faculty development programs, the perceived competence of faculty in six clinical teaching areas and three academic areas, and the importance of eight areas of faculty development. The most frequent activity reported by the 74 respondents was in the area of teaching and evaluation. Research was the academic area listed in which directors noted a particular lack of competence. In the clinical content area, both procedural skills and critical care stood out as areas of faculty needs. Results suggested that more than one track of faculty development should be provided to meet complex and changing faculty development needs. PMID- 3239446 TI - Giant cell arteritis. PMID- 3239447 TI - 10-year trends in physical activity in the eastern Finnish adult population: relationship to socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics. AB - In a large, community-based cardiovascular disease prevention study in Eastern Finland, independent random population samples were surveyed in 1972, 1977 and 1982. The leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA), and socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics were assessed. In men and women aged 30-59, the proportion with high LTPA increased from 1972 to 1982 by approximately one half (p less than 0.001), whereas that of high OPA decreased during the same period (p less than 0.001). In both sexes, high overall physical activity fell from 1972 to 1977 (p less than 0.001), but no more from 1977 to 1982. The proportion of entirely sedentary remained stable. Education, income and younger age showed a positive, body mass index, smoking and OPA a graded, negative association with high LTPA in 1972 and 1982. Significant (p less than 0.001) differences in 10-year trends of changes in LTPA were observed: men and women with low education or income increased LTPA more than those with high education and income. Socioeconomic factors, such as income and education, appear to have lost importance as determinants of population-wide exercise, whereas the clustering of low physical activity with overweight and smoking has increased. PMID- 3239448 TI - Social isolation and mortality in ischemic heart disease. A 10-year follow-up study of 150 middle-aged men. AB - The effects of psychosocial and clinical factors on mortality in ischemic heart disease (IHD) were examined in a 10-year follow-up of 150 middle-aged men. Three groups of men were included: men with clinically manifest IHD, men with risk factors and healthy men. Psychosocial factors were assessed by means of standardized questionnaires. They comprised educational level, social class, marital status and a comprehensive assessment of the daily rounds of life of these men. Furthermore, a subjective rating of the own general health status was obtained. The clinical investigation included a standard physical examination, fasting serum lipids, glucose and urate, a frontal and sagittal chest X-ray and a 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring. During follow-up 37 men died, 20 of them from IHD. Non-survivors were discriminated from survivors by the following factors: older age, lower education, lower social class, higher systolic blood pressure, increased ventricular irritability and cardiac enlargement. Furthermore, a relative social isolation as indicated by a low social activity level and a poor self-rated general health status was characteristic of non-survivors. In multivariate analyses three factors emerged as the equally strong predictors of mortality, both from all causes and from IHD: social isolation, a poor self-rated health status and ventricular irritability. The psychosocial mortality predictors were independent of and of similar strength as the clinical predictors. PMID- 3239449 TI - Nutritional status in patients with acute stroke. AB - By measuring three anthropometric variables (relative weight, triceps skinfold thickness and arm muscle circumference) and three circulating proteins (albumin, transferrin and prealbumin), nutritional status was assessed in 100 consecutive patients with acute stroke. On admission to hospital, two or more indicators showed subnormal values for 16%; this was associated with the female sex, high age and a history of atrial fibrillation. At discharge, 22% had two or more subnormal indicators. Poor nutritional status during the hospital stay appeared to be related to infections, the male sex, the intake of cardiovascular drugs and high age. Fewer of the patients with two or more subnormal nutritional indicators were able to return home than of the patients with none or one subnormal nutritional indicator. We conclude that undernutrition is not uncommon at the onset of stroke and that certain risk groups for the development of undernutrition during hospital stay can be identified. PMID- 3239450 TI - Decreased red cell filterability in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - The red cell filterability was decreased in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) when compared with healthy controls, 14.6 (12.2-16.3) units and 16.9 (15.6-17.4) units respectively, P50 (P25-P75), p less than 0.001). No significant correlations could be seen within the AMI group between the decrease in filterability and the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase or serum lactate dehydrogenase. The erythrocyte filterability, however, correlated to the serum concentrations of hepatic enzymes in AMI. The addition of sodium lactate in vitro in physiological concentrations (0.9-3.6 mM/l final concentration) lowered the erythrocyte filterability markedly to 2.7 (0-9.8) units in a dose-dependent manner, supporting the hypothesis that the decrease in erythrocyte filterability in AMI might be caused by an increase in the lactate concentration. PMID- 3239451 TI - QRS amplitudes, QTc intervals and ECG abnormalities in pheochromocytoma patients before, during and after treatment. AB - QRS amplitudes (S1 + R5), Minnesota Code ECG abnormalities and QTc intervals were analyzed in ECGs from 31 pheochromocytoma patients on admission to hospital, after 17 +/- 7.2 (SD) days of preoperative phenoxybenzamine therapy in a dosage of 148 +/- 45.0 (SD) mg/day and after a mean postoperative follow-up of 6 years. QRS voltage decreased significantly from 3.37 +/- 1.48 on admission, to 2.26 +/- 0.69 mV at postoperative follow-up (p less than 0.001). The prevalence of total Minnesota Code changes increased or was unchanged on the different occasions. Severe to moderate changes, however, became less prevalent, while mild changes increased. The QTc interval was 0.44 +/- 0.04 s on admission and 0.41 +/- 0.02 s at follow-up (p less than 0.01). No significant differences were observed during treatment with phenoxybenzamine. Pathological ECGs are common findings in patients with pheochromocytoma and significant improvements occur after surgery. Significant effects of phenoxybenzamine therapy were only found in patients with sustained hypertension. PMID- 3239452 TI - Acute chest pain without obvious organic cause before the age of 40. Respiratory and circulatory response to mental stress. AB - Reactivity to mental stress and relaxation was studied in 63 consecutive patients below the age of 40 attending the emergency care unit because of chest pain without obvious organic cause. The results were compared with a control group (n = 32). Of the patients, 41% reported chest pain or oppression in the chest during mental stress compared to 10% of the control subjects (p less than 0.01). During relaxation the subjects in the female patient group reported significantly less ability to relax and had significantly higher respiration rate as compared to the female control group. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding heart rate, blood pressure or end-tidal PCO2 and there was no evidence of hyperventilation, neither during relaxation nor during mental stress. In combination with our earlier findings of high scores for "type A behaviour", "neuroticism", "vital exhaustion" and "stressful life events" these findings indicate that psychosomatic mechanisms may be of great importance for the development of chest pain in this group of patients. PMID- 3239453 TI - Factors contributing to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in long-term type I diabetic subjects. AB - Although non-invasive studies in type I diabetic subjects indicate left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, the contribution of borderline or mild hypertension to such changes is obscure. Thus, digitized M-mode echocardiograms were obtained in 32 (18 men) young (less than 50 years) normotensive controls and 32 (21 men) long-term (greater than or equal to 12 years) type I diabetics with blood pressures ranging from normal to hypertensive. All diabetics were without clinical heart disease, none were previously treated for hypertension or using cardioactive drugs. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in diabetic than control subjects. Their LV end-diastolic dimension was smaller, whereas wall thickness, LV mass index and fractional shortening were similar to controls. In diabetics, however, the normalized peak filling rate was decreased and the rapid filling period fraction of diastole increased. In multivariate analysis, diabetes and LV mass independently and inversely influenced the normalized peak filling rate, while fractional shortening did so positively. Furthermore, diabetes and systolic blood pressure independently influenced the rapid filling period fraction of diastole. This study is the first to demonstrate systolic blood pressure and LV mass as independent contributors to subclinical LV diastolic abnormalities in diabetics. These findings may therefore indicate the need to treat even mild hypertension in diabetics in an effort to delay the development of cardiopathy. PMID- 3239454 TI - Incidence of severe hypoglycemia and its causes in insulin-treated diabetics. AB - In a one-year prospective study in insulin-treated diabetics, 61 episodes of severe hypoglycemia demanding medical assistance were registered in 46 patients. The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was estimated at 0.07 per patient and year. Mean age (50 +/- 16.9 yr), diabetes duration (19 +/- 11.6 yr), HbAlc (7.8 +/- 1.8%) and daily insulin dose (0.63 +/- 0.23 IU/kg) in these patients (SH group) did not differ from a control group matched for sex and age. However, the patients in the SH group were treated with relatively less short-acting insulin than the patients in the control group (25 +/- 13.8% vs. 39 +/- 24.5%; p less than 0.01). This finding may indicate that multiple injection therapy with a higher relative amount of short-acting insulin could reduce the risk of severe hypoglycemia, provided the metabolic control is unaltered. PMID- 3239455 TI - Assessment of D-dimer in plasma: diagnostic value in suspected deep venous thrombosis of the leg. AB - D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product containing the gamma-gamma crosslink of fibrin, can now be assayed by the use of highly specific monoclonal antibodies. Such assays are not influenced by fibrinogenolysis and measurements can be performed on citrated plasma. The diagnostic values of four such assays--two based on ELISA technique and two on latex agglutination--were evaluated in 108 out of 118 consecutive patients admitted with suspected deep venous thrombosis of the leg. With cut-off limits defined by a pilot study and with venography as reference, a negative D-dimer test was confirmed in 45 of 46 patients (98%; 95% confidence limits: 88-99.9%) after ELISA-M, in 43 of 44 (98%; 88-99.9%) after ELISA-S, in 54 of 67 (81%; 69-89%) after Latex-M and in 40 of 44 (91%; 78-97%) after Latex-S. A positive D-dimer test was confirmed in 61% (48-73%), 59% (46 71%), 63% (47-78%), and 55% (42-67%) respectively. These data suggest the use of one of the ELISA assays for screening. A negative D-dimer test excludes deep venous thrombosis, whereas a positive D-dimer should be followed by venography. By this procedure a 40% reduction of venographic examinations can be expected. PMID- 3239456 TI - High activities of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase in patients with the Lesch Nyhan syndrome. AB - Antioxidant levels were determined in five patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. The erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was in average 1.8 times higher in Lesch-Nyhan patients than in controls (1.68 +/- 0.36 versus 0.92 +/- 0.17 mu kat/g hemoglobin, p less than 0.001). Plasma CuZn-superoxide dismutase activity was two times higher (p less than 0.001) and Mn-superoxide dismutase activity was 1.5 times higher (p less than 0.05) than in controls, whilst erythrocyte CuZn-superoxide dismutase, plasma extracellular-superoxide dismutase and lymphocyte superoxide dismutase did not differ between Lesch-Nyhan patients and healthy controls. These data might indicate that Lesch-Nyhan patients are exposed to a higher oxidative load than healthy control persons. PMID- 3239457 TI - Treatment of refractory cancer-associated hypercalcemia with aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate. AB - The case history is presented of a 45-year-old woman who was receiving chemotherapy for a pulmonary adenocarcinoma and who developed severe symptomatic hypercalcemia. Despite intensive treatment with fluids, loop diuretics, prednisone, calcitonin and repeated doses of mithramycin, she remained hypercalcemic. She was then treated with aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate (APD) with consequent rapid normalization of the serum calcium and disappearance of symptoms. We conclude that APD is a valuable supplement to the treatment of malignant hypercalcemia in that it may be effective when traditional therapies have failed. PMID- 3239458 TI - [Suicide attempts at a general hospital]. PMID- 3239459 TI - [Model of disorders caused by anxiety based on the Kindling phenomenon]. PMID- 3239460 TI - [Manifestation of the characteristics of alexithymia in a group of psychosomatic patients]. PMID- 3239461 TI - [Changes in attitude towards mental patients and variations in personality measured by the SCL-90 scale in medical students]. PMID- 3239462 TI - Personality and smokeless tobacco use. AB - Smokeless tobacco use and personality factors associated with smokeless tobacco use were examined in a broad, representative sample of 8th and 10th graders from central and south-central Florida (n = 1413). Current, occasional, or ex-users of smokeless tobacco accounted for 51% of the males and 9% of the females. Smokeless tobacco users, as compared to non-users, had significantly higher Trait Anger, and Angry Temperament and Angry Reaction subscale scores on the State-Trait Personality Inventory, suggesting a possible role in the initiation of smokeless tobacco use. There were no differences in Trait Anger, Anxiety, or Curiosity scores between the three user groups, suggesting that trait personality does not play a role in the maintenance of smokeless tobacco use. PMID- 3239463 TI - Nicotine gum and self-help manuals in smoking cessation: an evaluation in a medical context. AB - This study evaluated the effectiveness of nicotine chewing gum in smoking cessation, when incorporated into a behaviorally oriented self-help program. One hundred ninety-seven patients were randomly assigned to nicotine gum with a self help manual, a self-help manual without gum, or a control condition, but received no further treatment from the prescribing physician. At six weeks, the nicotine gum group was superior to both the self-help and control conditions. By one year, many gum patients had relapsed, and the treatment effect was no longer significant. Patients who were able to quit initially were most likely to remain ex-smokers in the self-help condition. The clinical importance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3239465 TI - Evaluation of a drug abuse prevention program: a field experiment. AB - The central aim of this study was to evaluate Project PRIDE, a school-based affective education program offered in select schools since 1970 and throughout the entire Philadelphia Public School System since 1981. The primary purpose of the program is to increase youth's resistance to drug use and abuse through weekly small group counseling sessions. The 12 weekly student sessions focused on developing self-awareness, life skills, knowledge, and appropriate attitudes about drugs. Project PRIDE also developed training modules for teachers and parents. Evaluation was by means of a true experimental pretest-posttest design, with random assignment to treatment and control groups. Measures of attitudes, self-reported drug use, and behavioral intentions were administered to students, teachers, and parents; process evaluation measures of the student component were collected throughout the treatment period as well. Data analyses indicate that, while a few of the broad aims of the prevention program were not met, there were reliable changes in the intended direction in many of the students' attitudes and intentions. Student attitudes toward drug use and knowledge about drugs both improved. Project PRIDE participation was associated with a relative decrease in willingness to experiment with drugs, even though all groups showed strongly negative attitudes toward drug use. Treatment interacted with sex of student and/or SES on a number of items. Generally, effects were more pronounced for girls and for low SES students. All groups of participants felt they gained significant knowledge and skills from the program. Other effects for parents and teachers were infrequent and inconsistent. PMID- 3239464 TI - Smoking cessation after acute myocardial infarction: the effects of exercise training. AB - To determine the influence of exercise training on smoking after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), smoking rates in 42 pre-AMI smokers assigned to exercise training were compared with 26 pre-AMI smokers assigned to no training. Exercise training occurred 3-26 weeks after AMI. The increase in functional capacity in 3 26 weeks was significantly greater in training than in no-training patients: 1.8 vs. 1.2 METs respectively (p less than 0.05). Adherence to exercise training was higher in non-smokers and former smokers than in those who continued to smoke: 89% and 88% vs. 80% respectively (NS). The prevalence of smoking 6 months post AMI was lower in training than in no-training patients: 31% vs. 39% respectively (NS). Plasma thiocyanates collected on a random sample of 42 patients suggested that 19% of patients who are smoking after MI fail to report doing so. Self reported cigarette consumption at 28 weeks was half as great in training as in no training patients: 11 +/- 7 vs. 22 +/- 16 cigarettes per day (p less than 0.03). Firm advice to stop smoking followed by medically supervised exercise training with frequent followup reduces self-reported cigarette consumption in patients after AMI. PMID- 3239466 TI - Alcohol expectancies and personality characteristics in young men. AB - This study examines the relationship between alcohol expectancies and a variety of relevant personality factors among two different samples of young men. The results indicated that for both samples, measures of social anxiety and concern over the evaluation of other people were related to the beliefs that alcohol was a globally positive transforming agent and that alcohol increased social assertiveness. Also, hostility was related to the belief that alcohol increases power and aggression. Several potential explanations and directions for future research are discussed. PMID- 3239467 TI - Bulimics and restrained eaters: a personality comparison. AB - This study compared the psychological characteristics of restrained eaters and bulimics. One hundred and thirty six female undergraduates completed the Restraint Scale, the Bulimia Test, the Narcissistic Personality Disorder Scale, a borderline personality disorder scale, the Body Cathexis Scale, and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale which yields six measures of self-esteem (physical self, moral ethical self, personal self, family self, social self, and total self-esteem) and four measures of psychopathology (general maladjustment, psychosis, personality disorder, and neurosis). Stepwise regression analyses were done using restraint and bulimia as dependent measures and the other measures as predictor variables. Both the regression equation for bulimia and the one for restraint included physical self-esteem and narcissism as predictor variables. As a third variable, general maladjustment was entered in the bulimia equation and moral self-esteem in the restraint equation. The results indicate that both bulimics and restrained eaters are dissatisfied with their bodies and have narcissistic qualities. However, bulimics show an element of psychopathology which restrained eaters do not and restrained eaters perceive themselves as morally virtuous, whereas bulimics do not. PMID- 3239469 TI - Effects of deprivation on smokers' mood during the operation of a complex computer simulation. AB - Research has shown that smoking reduces mood fluctuation in smokers and deprivation of smoking leads to mood change. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of three hours of deprivation and subsequent smoking on mood in smokers while operating a computer simulation of an air traffic controller's job in a 2 x 2 (Deprived vs. Nondeprived x Nicotine vs. Nicotine Free Cigarettes) factorial design. Subjects operated the simulation for two 20 minute periods, and after each period subjects smoked a nicotine or nicotine-free cigarette. Mood was assessed prior to operating the simulation and before and after each cigarette was smoked. Contrary to predictions, mood generally changed as a function of the procedure and not deprivation status or type of cigarette smoked. PMID- 3239468 TI - Restraint, disinhibition, hunger and negative affect eating. AB - The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (Stunkard & Messick, 1985) contains factors measuring dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger. In this study, the ability of these factors to predict eating responses to negative affect was tested. The Velten mood induction procedure was used to produce neutral or depressed moods in normal weight college students. Subjects were encouraged to sample candy which was made available during the mood induction procedure. The results indicated that the Hunger factor was the only significant predictor of negative affect eating. Depressed, high-hunger subjects were more likely to eat than subjects in other conditions and, in on of two analyses of amount of candy consumed, were found to eat the most candy as well. The possibility that these results could be explained by an overlap between the Hunger factor and the construct of external responsiveness was considered. Implications of the overall findings for theories of emotional eating were briefly discussed. PMID- 3239470 TI - The influence of salivary stimulation on the validity of thiocyanate as an index of smoking status. AB - This study investigated the effects of salivary stimulation on thiocyanate (SCN) levels. A device for collecting parotid saliva that allowed for the measurement of flow rate was used in stimulated and nonstimulated conditions with six subjects. Results indicated that SCN levels exhibited considerable within-subject variability and were inversely related to flow rate. Under stimulated conditions, SCN levels stabilized in 3 min. Under nonstimulated conditions. SCN levels stabilized in 26 min. Although mean SCN levels were higher for smokers than nonsmokers, considerable overlap was observed such that misclassification of both smokers and nonsmokers could occur if cut-off points were not adjusted for flow rate conditions. Suggestions for standardizing stimulated conditions for collecting salivary SCN samples are discussed. PMID- 3239471 TI - The interaction of alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents and young adults: Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - Alcohol and tobacco usage patterns were assessed in 1,811 children and young adults, 12-24 years of age. The prevalence of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption increased with age in all race and sex groups. Smokeless tobacco use (chewing tobacco and snuff) was primarily seen in white males with the highest prevalence rates in 12-15 year olds. Among white males who reported smokeless tobacco usage, 44% of the 12-17 year olds and 80% of the 18-24 year olds reported concurrent alcohol use. There was a significant interaction between alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in all four race-sex groups (p less than 0.001). Given the potential synergistic relationship between ethanol and tobacco products on oral and upper gastrointestinal tract cancer, as well as between smoking and cardiovascular disease, the long term effects from these behaviors could be troublesome. Since healthy lifestyles are established in youth, early intervention on alcohol and tobacco use is needed to prevent the future morbidity and mortality from cancer and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3239472 TI - Proposed definition of a smokeless tobacco user based on "potential" nicotine consumption. AB - This study examined and operationally defined "light," "moderate," and "heavy" users of smokeless tobacco according to the potential amounts of nicotine consumed per week from chewing tobacco and/or snuff products. Fifty adult male smokeless tobacco users ranging in ages from 18-85 were tested to determine nicotine content of smokeless tobacco products consumed. The smokeless tobacco products were blindly analyzed by gas chromatography to determine nicotine content. Mean nicotine yield per week was calculated by multiplying the number of cans and/or pouches used per week and placed on a normal probability distribution. The mean nicotine yielded 238 mg/wk and the categories emerged as "light" less than or equal to 87 mg/wk, "moderate" 88-388 mg/wk and "heavy" users greater than or equal to 389 mg/wk. Differences regarding type of user (light, moderate, heavy) were crossed tabbed with educational levels, years of smokeless tobacco use, age the habit was initiated, perception of harm and whether habit forming, and reason for using smokeless tobacco. PMID- 3239473 TI - Endarterectomy in coronary surgery. PMID- 3239474 TI - Reoperation in patients with graft disease: pitfalls and rewards. PMID- 3239476 TI - Treatment of diffuse coronary artery disease by endarterectomy. PMID- 3239475 TI - Treatment of peripheral coronary artery disease by endarterectomy. PMID- 3239477 TI - Role of internal mammary artery in reoperations for coronary artery disease. PMID- 3239478 TI - Fertility after complicated and non-complicated use of IUDs. A controlled prospective study. AB - From 1980 to 1985, 600 women participated in a prospective study of three copper IUDs. Women who had removed their IUD by April 1985 because of IUD-related complications or planned pregnancy after non-complicated use were examined for return of fertility. Within 39 months after removal, all 97 women who planned pregnancy had conceived. By April 1987, one of the 147 women with a previous IUD complication needed a fertility work-up. Among the remaining 146 women, 72 women had conceived, while 74 women neither had pregnancy plans nor had conceived after IUD removal. Three (1.8%) out of the 169 pregnancies after IUD removal were extrauterine; 17 (10.1%) were spontaneous abortions. One percent of the women planning pregnancy requested induced abortion, compared to 29% among women who removed the IUD due to complications (p less than 0.01). From these data we conclude that use of copper-containing IUDs did not affect subsequent fertility. PMID- 3239479 TI - Mechanism of action of high-load copper IUDs. AB - A comparative study was made of four intrauterine contraceptive devices: the Nova T, MLCu250 Short, MLCu375, and the Gyne T. An endometrial biopsy was performed on the 25th day of the menstrual cycle. The tissue obtained was analyzed to determine estrogen and progesterone receptor concentration. After two years of IUD use, both estrogen and progesterone receptors decreased proportionally to the increased amount of copper in the IUD. PMID- 3239480 TI - Histological reactions of human endometrium to the IUD. AB - A comparative study was made of four intrauterine contraceptive devices: the Nova T, MLCu250 Short, MLCu375 and the Gyne T. An endometrial biopsy was performed on the 25th day of the menstrual cycle. The tissue obtained was analyzed to determine endometrial morphology patterns. After two years of IUD use, no inflammatory changes were demonstrated with MLCu375. Histological responses of the endometrium to the IUD depend on the amount of copper in the IUD. PMID- 3239481 TI - Copper intrauterine contraceptive devices and serum essential metals. AB - Serum levels of the essential metals, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and calcium (Ca), were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in one hundred and twenty randomly selected adult Nigerian female volunteers fitted with copper T or Delta T intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) for a period of 3-18 months, and their normal age-matched controls. The mean serum concentration of all the essential metals was lower in the women fitted with copper IUDs than the control group. The differences, however, are not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). PMID- 3239482 TI - Evaluating client autonomy in natural family planning. AB - A critical element for evaluation of natural family planning (NFP) methods is client autonomy. Autonomy in NFP refers to clients who can identify their fertile days and apply this method without teacher assistance. The results of this study show that clients who are autonomous have a 12-month continuation rate of 96.7% and a pregnancy rate of 1.7% after beginning charting. The non-autonomous clients had a 12-month continuation rate of 34.3% and a pregnancy rate of 24.8% after beginning charting, significantly different from the autonomous clients. Using a bivariate analysis, we found that women 30 years and older who had two children or more, and women in the same age group (30 years and older) who wanted to limit rather than space pregnancy were significantly more likely to become autonomous. These findings have implications for NFP programs and future evaluation efforts. PMID- 3239483 TI - The link between contraceptive methods and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. AB - The effect of various contraceptive methods on Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection was examined in a group of 158 women, with a mean age of 26.9 years, patients of a family planning clinic. Their symptoms were mild abdominal pain or vaginal discharge. Antibodies to CT were examined by an indirect immunoperoxidase assay, with a commercial kit. From each patient a vaginal smear was collected for bacteriologic and mycologic study. In group I, consisting of 30 married women with a mean age of 31 years, 5 (16.7%) IUD users had a positive test for CT antibodies. In group II, comprising 57 women, with a mean age of 23.3 years, 22 (38.6%) oral contraceptive (OC) users, of whom 94.7% were unmarried, had positive tests for CT antibodies. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). In group III, comprising 71 women with a mean age of 28.1 years, 62% unmarried and using other contraceptive methods, 15 (21.1%) had a positive test for CT antibodies. The incidence of CT infection was not different in the 3 groups under study, when the factors of age and marital status were taken into consideration (p greater than 0.30). Bacterial vaginal infection was found in 43.3% of the IUD users, compared with only 14% of the OC users (p less than 0.01). In contrast, in the OC users, candidiasis was predominant, the difference from the other groups being statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The women with positive antibodies also more frequently had colonies of bacterial and mycological vaginal infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239484 TI - Contraception for women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. AB - Although the effects of in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) have been extensively documented, there is an absence of information on the suitability of different contraceptives for use by DES-exposed women. This paper briefly describes some of the effects associated with DES exposure. Use of various contraceptive methods by DES-exposed women are considered in light of these effects. PMID- 3239485 TI - Cloning and expression of adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor genes. PMID- 3239486 TI - Agonist bindings and their relationship to receptor responses in heart muscarinic receptors. PMID- 3239488 TI - Existence of a 5-HT1 binding site different of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1C subtypes and coupled to a high affinity adenylate cyclase activation: a functional 5-HT receptor involved in neuromodulation? PMID- 3239487 TI - Possible roles of protein kinase C in neurotransmission. PMID- 3239489 TI - Phospholipid methylation participates in H2-receptor mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase in rat brain. PMID- 3239490 TI - [The degree of morbidity of pathologic conditions of the musculoskeletal system detected by child and adolescent preventive health services and requiring follow up monitoring]. PMID- 3239493 TI - [Referral-related diagnosis of psychological competence of children and adolescents with severe mental handicaps. Experiences with a new methodologic approach]. PMID- 3239492 TI - [Conditions and motivations for the desire to have children in young females]. PMID- 3239491 TI - [On the coming out of male adolescents]. PMID- 3239494 TI - [Craniosynostosis as a risk factor]. PMID- 3239495 TI - [Variations in body mass in relation to the biological developmental status of 9- to 12-year-old boys]. PMID- 3239496 TI - [The need for preventive examinations in detecting psychoreactive disorders in childhood]. PMID- 3239497 TI - [The health status of adolescents in the Estonian SSR]. PMID- 3239498 TI - Falls and fractures. PMID- 3239499 TI - Bringing gait analysis out of the laboratory and into the clinic. AB - The potential value of objective assessment of gait in geriatric medicine cannot be explored fully whilst gait analysis remains a laboratory research tool, imposing special conditions which often preclude its use in the elderly. We describe a method of gait analysis suitable for the geriatric clinic and illustrate its use in documenting the response to interventions in three patients presenting with falls due to parkinsonism. Irregularity between gait cycles was noted, a finding previously described in Parkinson's disease, dementia and normal old men at a fast walking speed. Such irregularity may prove to be a major risk factor for falls. Where multiple pathologies which disturb gait coexist, measurement of changes in gait in response to treatment may provide a much needed means of audit. PMID- 3239500 TI - The prognostic value of haematocrit in acute stroke. AB - One hundred and twenty-two consecutive patients admitted with acute stroke in a carotid distribution had venous blood taken for haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb), white cell count (WCC) and urea estimations. Patients were followed for 12 weeks to determine the influence of haematocrit upon fatality. There were 96 patients aged greater than or equal to 65 years and 26 patients less than 65 years. No association could be demonstrated between Hct levels and fatality at 4 or 12 weeks. Regression analysis demonstrated that only increasing age (P less than 0.05) and a raised WCC (P less than 0.005) were independent factors significantly associated with fatality at both 4 and 12 weeks. In the elderly stroke patient (greater than or equal to 65 years) only WCC was significantly associated with fatality (P less than 0.005). Haematocrit levels are of no prognostic value for fatality in acute stroke. A raised white cell count is an important and independent prognostic factor for fatality at both 4 and 12 weeks following stroke. PMID- 3239501 TI - Does ulcerative colitis behave differently in the elderly? AB - The clinical course of all new patients with ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis aged 65 years or older diagnosed in one health district (population 274,000) between 1 January 1975 and 31 December 1984 has been compared with that of all new patients 55 years or younger diagnosed in the same period. Elderly patients were admitted more often in a first attack and were more likely to receive systemic steroids. No elderly patient required urgent surgery and no patient in either group died of ulcerative colitis or its complications. The mortality amongst elderly patients with ulcerative colitis was no greater than expected in a population of the same age. The prognosis for ulcerative colitis in elderly patients is the same as for younger patients. PMID- 3239502 TI - Bone mass and dementia in hip fracture patients from areas with different aluminium concentrations in water supplies. AB - The relationship between bone mass and dementia in elderly hip fracture patients from areas with different aluminium concentrations in water supplies has been investigated, to determine whether a high concentration of aluminium in the drinking water and the negative calcium balance of age-related osteoporosis together predispose to senile dementia. Mental test scores were recorded on admission to hospital, and Singh indices of radiographs taken at that time assessed blind by a single trained observer. No significant difference in either mental test score (chi 2 = 1.253, df = 2, P = 0.53) or Singh index (chi 2 = 1.039, df = 5, P = 0.96) was found between patients resident in high versus low water aluminum areas. No correlation was detectable between mental test score and Singh index (chi 2 = 0.95, df = 1, P = 0.33). PMID- 3239503 TI - Screening for hearing impairment. PMID- 3239504 TI - [Effects of flurbiprofen on uveal volume change during ocular surgery]. PMID- 3239505 TI - [Role of vitreous changes in uveitis with respect to posterior vitreous detachment, macular changes and visual acuity]. PMID- 3239506 TI - [Metaplastic changes to fibroblast-like cells by retinal pigment epithelium]. PMID- 3239507 TI - [Effect of stimulation time in the swinging flashlight test on the detection of RAPD]. PMID- 3239508 TI - [The relation between the type of cell and the collagen gel contraction in a model system of vitreous contraction]. PMID- 3239510 TI - [Eye-head coordination in two cases of congenital strabismus syndrome with torticollis]. PMID- 3239509 TI - [The development of acetylcholinesterase activity and the effect of visual deprivation in the pretectal nucleus and the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of rats]. PMID- 3239511 TI - [A transmission electron microscopic study of cellular responses to intraocular lenses (1). Early responses]. PMID- 3239512 TI - [The effects of optic nerve stimulation on nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis cells which project to the posterior cerebellar vermis in the cat]. PMID- 3239513 TI - [Relative afferent pupillary defect in several types of optic neuropathy]. PMID- 3239514 TI - [Role of collagen gels for the transformation of bovine lens epithelium to mesenchyme-like cells in vitro in relation to the appearance and development of anterior subcapsular cataract]. PMID- 3239515 TI - [Evaluation of visual function with visually evoked cortical potentials under general anesthesia]. PMID- 3239516 TI - [Application of excimer laser to the corneal incision]. PMID- 3239518 TI - [Experimental formation of 100nm periodic fibrils in the anterior segment of the mouse eye]. PMID- 3239517 TI - [Difference of the cellular response between PMMA and silicone intraocular lens material]. PMID- 3239519 TI - Significance of the differential growth, relative tissue shifts and the vascular bed in limb development. AB - 1. A method for planimetric measurement of areas of standardized dorsoventral projections of embryonal limbs was elaborated. The method permits a quantitative study of the growth of embryonic limbs at early stages of development, since the stage of flat limb bud until the stage at which the external shape of the limb (bending in joint regions and increase in volume) interferes with the simplification of its three-dimensional characteristics to two-dimensional ones of its dorsoventral projection. (Until stage 31-32HH for the chick embryo, see fig. 1 and 2). 2. A method of linear marking was elaborated (fig. 3). The marker proper are India-ink particles suspended in gelatin. Such stained gelatin is spread over a glass carrier (a glass fibre 10-20 microns thick) in the form of a thin film. After drying the fibre is cut in rods of a length desired for the appropriate linear mark. The marks can be introduced into the tissue by a single stab. After the gelatin film had swollen owing to the presence of tissue fluids, it is detached from the carrier surface and the carrier can be removed from the tissue. After the gelatin had been resorbed, a linear mark remains in the tissue. Deformations of the mark line and the scattering of India-ink particles which actually form the mark facilitates the assessment of the growth pattern of the respective marked tissue (see fig. 4-6). 3. During our studies of the differential growth of the wing bud with the method of linear marking the newly coined term "relative tissue shift" had to be specified. That term has been used for designating changes of the mutual position of tissue areas which could not be defined exactly as to their topography within a region or organ (such as the wing bud), showing fluent transitions between one another. If areas with different growth activities occur in the region studied, such areas undergo an uneven increase (differential growth). Thus another factor is added to those operating in the growth process, namely the direction of expansion of the different growing areas of the region studied to one another. The resultant of the mutual ratios of the voluminal growth of the neighbouring tissue areas and the directions of their expansion are the relative tissue shifts in the sense used in our studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3239520 TI - [Clinical study of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for renal and ureteral stones. The first report: end-results of 1,000 cases]. AB - Between April, 1985 and May, 1987, we experienced 1,000 cases of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) using a Dornier HM3. In the treatment of smaller stones, no auxiliary treatment was required. On the other hand, endourological treatments such as percutaneous nephrostomy, percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy, transurethral ureterolithotripsy or double J catheterization were combined in the treatment of larger stones. Sixteen percent of the cases were stone-free at the time of discharge from hospital but after more than 3 months 58.4% were stone free, and including cases with insignificant residual fragments, the outcome was good in 84.2%. As major complications, cerebral bleeding due to autonomic nerve hyperreflexia was observed in one spinal cord injury patient, but generally speaking, the frequency of complications after ESWL was lower than after open surgery and the post ESWL period was rather comfortable for the patient. Surgical therapy for renal and ureteral stones will be performed mainly by ESWL. Manipulations of post-ESWL stone street or residual fragments are important, and detection of late complications is also important. PMID- 3239521 TI - [Clinical application of MRI for urological malignancy. 3: A new trial of MRI for bladder cancer and prostatic cancer; surface coil and GD-DTPA]. AB - We performed MRI in several recent cases of bladder cancer and prostatic cancer using a general coil or a 5-inch general purpose surface coil with or without Gd DTPA. The surface coil improves the spacial resolution, density resolution and signal to noise ratio but reduces the field and the signal detection drops off as the depth from the surface increases. Moreover, additional time is required for patient positioning. In Gd-DTPA enhanced images of bladder cancer, the muscle layer became more distinct, and the images of tumor and bladder mucosa were enhanced, suggesting that facilitates evaluation of the extent of bladder wall invasion of the tumor. In Gd-DTPA enhanced images of prostatic cancer, the area conside to correspond to the tumor was enhanced. MRI using a surface coil and Gd DTPA is considered to provide detailed information of bladder and prostatic cancer. PMID- 3239522 TI - [An experience of OK-432 intradermal administration in superficial bladder tumors]. AB - A streptococcal preparation, OK432 was evaluated as the adjuvant immunotherapeutic agent for superficial bladder tumors. Twenty-nine cases were treated with complete transurethral resection and then randomized prospectively into two groups. One group had adjuvant therapy of OK432 intradermal administration and another group had no adjuvant therapy. OK432 administration significantly reduced the recurrence rates as compared to the control group. Although further studies were required for its full significance, in a short-term study, OK432 intradermal administration produced a beneficial effect in reducing the recurrence rates. PMID- 3239523 TI - [Spontaneous regression of lung metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: a case report]. AB - A chest X-ray tomography revealed a metastatic shadow in the left lung of a 56 year-old man with pathologically established right renal cell carcinoma. The shadow was found to be regressed to a fibrous lesion on the 18th day after radical nephrectomy. Because of non-A, non-B, hepatitis, the anticancer treatment with alpha-interferon and 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl-5-fluorouracil) was started 40 days after the nephrectomy. At that time, only a fibrous lesion was noted at the site of lung metastatic shadow. At present, the patient remains free of disease for 21 months after nephrectomy. PMID- 3239524 TI - [A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis originating from a functional solitary kidney associated with renal stones]. AB - A 60-year-old man was hospitalized because of multiple bilateral renal stones and macrohematuria. The right kidney was not functioning, and the left kidney showed marked hydronephrosis. Left renal stones were treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Several months later, squamous cell carcinoma of the treated renal pelvis was diagnosed. Although the patient was treated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, he died of renal failure. PMID- 3239525 TI - [Intraperitoneal spontaneous rupture of the bladder subsequent to irradiation of the uterus: a case report]. AB - We report a case of spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder. A 54-year old woman was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaints of severe lower abdominal pain, dysuria and macroscopic hematuria in October, 1985. In 1969, she had had a radical hysterectomy and postoperative irradiation for cancer of the uterus. Two years later she had undergone additional irradiation. On physical examination, the abdomen was tender with guarding and signs of peritonitis. Laboratory data revealed a blood urea nitrogen of 32.8 mg/dl and all electrolytes were normal. Excretory urogram showed normal upper urinary tract but irregularity of the bladder dome. Cystoscopy revealed acute inflammation of the bladder mucosa. Consequently, we made a presumptive diagnosis of radiation cystitis and she was treated with antibiotics and drip infusion. Within a week her general condition was improved and she had discharged. In June, 1986 she was admitted again with the same chief complaints as at her first admission. Cystoscopic findings showed a hole on the postero-superior wall and retrograde cystogram revealed an intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder. At exploration a necrotic bladder wall was resected and closed in 3 layers. The post operative course was uneventful. PMID- 3239526 TI - [A case of isolated gonadotropin deficiency secondary to glioma in septum pellucidum]. AB - A 21-year-old man, who had had normal sexuality, noticed a decrease in libido and potency as well as loss of ejaculation. Endocrinological evaluation showed normal serum levels of gonadotropins but a low testosterone level. The response to clomiphene citrate was poor while the response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin were within normal limits. By the examination of brain computerized tomography a tumor was detected in the septum pellucidum and was resected. Histologically it proved to be a mixed tumor composed of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. Two months after the operation the patient had recovered normal sexual functions and the endocrinological functions, including the responsiveness to clomiphene citrate, had been restored. This case suggests the existence of some stimulatory fiber for the secretion of luteinizing hormone in the septum pellucidum. PMID- 3239528 TI - [Clinical statistics on outpatients at the Urological Clinic of Sanjukai Hospital in 1987]. AB - The total number of new outpatients in 1987 was 8,062 (male 5,056, female: 3,006) and the male to female ratio was 1.68:1. They had urogenital diseases definitely diagnosed (7,197), urogenital diseases indefinitely diagnosed (536), no diseases (269), and diseases other than urogenital (60). Thirty percent of the outpatients were referred to us by other sources. The number of operations on new outpatients was 216, circumcision, resection of condyloma and vasectomy were representative. The peak of the age distribution was in the thirties for males and in the fifties for females. A statistical study was made on new outpatients according to the international classification of disease. There were 125 malignant (urogenital) tumors (1.6%). The major diseases of the new outpatients were cystitis (acute or chronic: 22.0%), upper urinary tract stone (15.9%), prostatitis (13.9%), and benign prostatic hypertrophy (11.9%). In males the major diseases were prostatitis, upper urinary tract stone, benign prostatic hypertrophy, balanoposthitis, phimosis and in females they were cystitis, upper urinary tract stone, pyelonephritis, renoptosis, and neurogenic bladder. We conclude that our hospital plays a major role as a private urological hospital. PMID- 3239527 TI - [Statistics on operations at the Hara Genitourinary Hospital (1971-1986)]. AB - Statistical analysis of the inpatients and operations in our department from April, 1971 to December, 1986 revealed a total of 4,984 operations. Operations on the prostate were the most frequent (1,088 cases), followed by operations on the bladder (991 cases), on the ureter (816 cases), and kidney (719 cases). Among the operations, the percentage of endourological surgery and that of open surgery was 20.5% and 79.5% during the three years from 1975 to 1977, but in the recent three years from 1984 to 1986, these percentages were 62.6% and 37.4%, respectively, the rates being completely inverted. This shows that new endourological surgery, such as PNL, TUL, is progressing rapidly these years. PMID- 3239529 TI - [Clinical evaluation of chorei-to and chorei-to-go-shimotsu-to in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms]. AB - Chorei-to was administered orally to 30 patients who complained of lower urinary tract symptoms without pyuria. Efficacy rate of pollakisuria was 92.9%, miction pain 85.8%, and voiding discomfort 85.7%. Total efficacy rate was 76.0%. No untoward effect was observed. Therefore, Choreito was thought to be an effective drug for the patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Patients with the same symptoms tried Choreito-go-shimotsu-to, and its efficacy rate turned out to be 80%, but untoward effect such as epigastraligia was observed on 2 patients. These 2 drugs are thought to be effective on patients suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms. PMID- 3239530 TI - High dose rate brachytherapy treatment of malignant tumors. PMID- 3239532 TI - Psychosis in a case of corpus callosum agenesis. PMID- 3239533 TI - Serious eye trauma in Alabama. PMID- 3239531 TI - Some unexpected benefits of accreditation: a case study. PMID- 3239534 TI - Importance of writing. PMID- 3239535 TI - Rights of deaf hospital patients. PMID- 3239536 TI - Developing and enhancing a positive self-concept in deaf children. PMID- 3239537 TI - Strategies for developing creative abilities of hearing-impaired children. PMID- 3239538 TI - The structure of moral reasoning in hearing-impaired students. PMID- 3239539 TI - I see what you mean: nonverbal communication strategies of young deaf children. PMID- 3239540 TI - Treatment needs of emotionally disturbed deaf youths: a California perspective. PMID- 3239541 TI - Early intervention for preschool deaf children: the longitudinal academic effects relative to program methodology. PMID- 3239543 TI - Summarizing stories: the role of instruction in text structure in learning to write. PMID- 3239544 TI - Unusual hanging deaths. AB - We describe the circumstances and medical findings of four unusual hanging deaths. In brief, the unusual features are tracheostomy, delayed death, self mutilation combined with severe neck injury caused by lengthy drop, and homicidal hanging in a young girl. PMID- 3239542 TI - A model for teaching parents of young hearing-impaired children total communication in the home--Project RITCH. PMID- 3239545 TI - Homicidal hanging in a dyadic death. AB - Homicide by hanging is rare. In this case report, a young man stabbed his wife, hanged his son, and then hanged himself. He was assumed to be mentally ill, consistent with some other studies of family murder-suicide. PMID- 3239546 TI - Homicide in Cape Town, South Africa. AB - All autopsies performed on homicide victims at the Salt River police mortuary, Cape Town, in the first 6 months of 1986 were reviewed. Most of the homicides that had occurred in Cape Town were as a result of stab wounds to the chest. Smaller, but significant, numbers of homicides were as a result of stab wounds to the head and neck, blunt injury to the head, or gunshot wounds. Homicidal burning also has occurred in civil unrest situations. Infanticide was rarely encountered. Alcohol was detected in the homicide victims in 62.9% of cases; 8.4% had a blood alcohol concentration higher than 0.30 g/100 ml. Our figures confirm that Cape Town has one of the highest homicide rates in the world (56.9/100,000 per annum for 1986). Homicides in Cape Town are characterized by assaults with sharp instruments, usually knives, although "pangas," or cane knives, are also commonly used. PMID- 3239547 TI - Death by lightning. AB - Deaths from lightning injuries are infrequent, amounting to 0.2-0.8 per million people per year, and are associated with climatologic conditions. The victims are mostly young, active people who are struck during various outdoor activities during the summer months. Even though many people can be struck by the same bolt of lightning, multiple casualties are uncommon. Among the fatalities, various types of skin burns are regularly present, often at an entry site on or near the head, and at an inferiorly located exit site. These skin injuries often consist of superficial burns and singed hair; deep burns and charring are uncommon. Arborescent skin marks seem to occur less frequently. Internal findings at autopsy are nonspecific. PMID- 3239548 TI - A burning issue. The Japanese "fire basin". AB - This article presents two deaths due to acute carbon monoxide poisoning that occurred when charcoal-burning hibachis were used as heating sources in enclosed camping facilities. In both deaths, the levels of blood carbon monoxide saturation were at or slightly below the expected lethal level. Coronary arteriosclerosis may have contributed to one death, while oxygen depletion may have been a contributing factor in the other. These cases illustrate the danger of using such heating sources in enclosed spaces, due to their carbon monoxide generating capability. We suggest that suitable warnings be placed on the hibachis themselves. PMID- 3239549 TI - Poisoning by toxic plants in China. Report of 19 autopsy cases. AB - In this article, we report on 19 autopsy cases in China in which the cause of death was poisoning by toxic plants. The emphasis is on analyses of the target organs or tissues affected by these plants. The mechanism of poisoning and cause of death are approached on the basis of the pathologic changes, and associated problems relating to forensic medicine are discussed. PMID- 3239550 TI - Medicolegal aspects of death of patients with cerebral palsy in Japan. AB - A total of 24 cases of patients who had had cerebral palsy, recorded between 1980 and 1986, in the Annuals of the Medico-Legal Autopsy Cases in Japan, were investigated to determine their ages and causes of death. Fourteen died of illness, four in accidents, and six by murder. Most of those dead of illness had been under the age of 16, and the disease most frequently cited as a cause of death was pneumonia. The four persons who died by accident were over 16 years old. All of the six murder victims were killed by their mother. PMID- 3239551 TI - A "back door" approach to analysis of ethanol-associated risks and behavior. AB - Ethanol has been detected in the majority of medical examiner cases involving nonnatural death and in a substantial number of natural deaths. The higher the serum alcohol concentration (SAC), the greater were the odds that death was due to external (traumatic) causes. We identified 149 medical examiner cases that were positive for ethanol and negative for 11 major drug of abuse groups, and studied those cases to further clarify ethanol-related risk factors and behaviors. Based on terms of frequency of occurrence, the data identify SACs of 201 mg% to 300 mg% as a particularly high risk factor for sudden, unexpected, traumatic death. Traumatic deaths associated with SACs below 100 mg% were infrequent, and attendant opinions concerning the contributory role of ethanol must be made with circumspection. SACs below 150 mg% could not be used to predict whether or not the decedents had been engaged in active or sedentary behavior prior to death because both situations occurred with equal frequency. At SACs between 151 mg% and 350 mg%, active situations were observed three times as often as sedentary situations. When SACs were 350 mg%, sedentary situations were observed twice as often as active situations. Suicide victims and driver fatalities rarely showed SACs above 350 mg%; therefore finding such SACs in apparent suicidal or driver fatality situations should prompt a thorough investigation to rule out other possibilities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239552 TI - Suicide by driving an awl into the brain. AB - In this report, we describe an unusual method of suicide. A 35-year-old man with a history of manic-depressive psychosis and alcohol abuse killed himself by driving an awl into his brain. A theory of the reason for using this bizarre method is discussed, and the well-known question of homicide versus suicide in crime scene investigation is illustrated. PMID- 3239553 TI - Suicide and Meningioma. AB - A 73-year-old man committed suicide by placing a plastic bag over his head. At autopsy, a large meningioma of the frontal lobe of the brain was found. It is believed that the tumor contributed to death by its direct effect on the brain, causing depression. This article illustrates a relationship between disease, depression, and suicide and offers a brief review of the literature concerning this relationship. PMID- 3239554 TI - Investigation of a death caused by rectal insertion of cocaine. AB - A 29-year-old homosexual man died as a result of cocaine inserted into his rectum by his sexual partner. The apparent purpose of this form of drug abuse is to relax the anal sphincter muscles. However, as in this case, cocaine administered in this fashion has a high potential for toxicity. The possible legal and medical ramifications of death resulting from this practice are discussed. PMID- 3239555 TI - "Ecstasy" and sudden cardiac death. AB - A case of an apparently natural death in association with the use of an MDMA (3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is reported. The pathophysiology of the death and the pharmacology of the drug are presented. An overview of the certification of such cases is briefly presented. PMID- 3239556 TI - Development and morphology of the sternal foramen. AB - Bony defects (foramina) in the sternum were found in 6.7% of a large contemporary autopsy population. Usually solitary and located in the body of the sternum, these defects rarely occur multiply and in the manubrium. They have been found in children as young as 8 years as well as in persons of advanced age. Multiple mesosternal foramina and a manubrial foramen are described here for the first time. Sternal foramina form along lines of fusion of multiple centers of ossification and are the result of incomplete fusion. They have been misinterpreted as acquired lesions, usually gunshot wounds. PMID- 3239557 TI - Anomalies of the human chest plate area. Radiographic findings in a large autopsy population. AB - Anomalies of the sternal rib ends and costal cartilages, sternal foramina, and epi(supra)sternal bones from a large, modern autopsy population have been described. Rib abnormalities (duplications, fusions, and spurs) were found in 55 of 2,016 plastron roentgenograms, sternal foramina were found in 135, and episternal bones were found in 51. Sternal foramina were significantly more common in blacks than in whites and episternal bones more common in whites than blacks; rib anomalies had no recognizable racial predilection. Rib anomalies were almost three times more common in males than females, whereas episternal bones were only slightly more common in males. Sternal foramina had no sex predilection. Episternal bones were slightly more often unilateral than bilateral and, when unilateral, were twice as often located on the left. While none of the malformations studied appeared to be of clinical significance, they are of potential forensic value in individual identification. PMID- 3239559 TI - Bone marrow emboli. PMID- 3239558 TI - Malignant tumors found during medicolegal postmortem examinations. PMID- 3239560 TI - Striking similarities between two California sabotage airplane crashes. PMID- 3239561 TI - Thyroid function in men with fragile X-linked MR. PMID- 3239562 TI - Martin-Bell syndrome in Greece, with report of another 47,XXY fragile X patient. AB - A cytogenetic investigation was carried out among 200 mentally retarded boys in Greece for the detection of the fragile X [fra(X)] syndrome. Thirteen patients were found to carry fra(X) (6.5%). Of those, six boys had a history of familial X linked mental retardation, two had the phenotype of the Martin-Bell syndrome, four had only mental retardation of unknown etiology, and one was a mentally retarded patient with Klinefelter syndrome. The remaining 187 boys were fra(X) negative. Our findings emphasize the importance of early identification of this syndrome in the diagnosis and prevention, through proper genetic counselling, of mental retardation. PMID- 3239563 TI - Mental retardation, distinct facial changes, short stature, obesity, and hypogonadism: a new X-linked mental retardation syndrome. AB - We describe a 3-year-old boy and his 2 maternal uncles with moderate to severe mental retardation, short stature, mild obesity, hypogonadism, a low total finger ridge count, and a distinctive face characterized by bitemporal narrowness, almond-shaped palperbral fissures, depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nares, short and inverted-V-shaped upper lip, and macrostomia. Two other males in this family who had similar facial anomalies and developmental delay died in early infancy and midchildhood. This apparently new disorder is reminiscent of, but distinct from, the Prader-Willi syndrome, and is likely inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. Preliminary studies with DNA probes are consistent with an X linked locus and permit exclusion of distal Xp and Xq regions as the site of this mutation. PMID- 3239564 TI - Recurrence risks for relatives in families with an isolated case of the fragile X syndrome. AB - The proportion of sporadic cases among affected males with fragile X-related mental impairment was reinvestigated in a new sample of family data and compared to previous studies. It was found that the estimate has increased over time from 0 in the original study to 0.24 in the present study. This difference indicated that the correction used for the ascertainment of families in the original study may not have been adequate and that the suggestion that all mothers of affected males are obligate carriers may be wrong. Based on this new information, recurrence risks for relatives in a family with an isolated case of the fragile X or Martin-Bell syndrome were calculated under different assumptions in order to investigate the effect of 1) the knowledge of the phenotype of ancestors of the proband, 2) the dependence of expression of the mutation on the sex of the carrier parent, 3) the value of the penetrance of mental impairment (MI), and 4) the equality of mutation rates in egg and sperm. The assumptions made for modelling the mutational process had the greatest effect on the recurrence risk in sibs of an isolated case, whereas small differences in penetrance parameters and assumptions based on whether the ancestors were known to be normal or of unknown phenotype made little difference. Recurrence risks for the sibs and first cousins of an isolated case calculated under different assumptions are presented. PMID- 3239565 TI - Metacarpophalangeal pattern profile analysis in fragile X syndrome. AB - We analyzed the metacarpophalangeal pattern profile (MCPP) on 18 male individuals from 16 families with fragile X--fra (X), or Martin-Bell--syndrome and calculated a mean syndrome profile. Fourteen of 18 individuals with fra (X) syndrome had significant positive correlations which indicated clinical homogeneity. Discriminant analysis of individuals with fra (X) syndrome compared with a sample of normal individuals produced a correct classification rate of 88% based on a function of 3 MCPP variables that may provide a useful tool in screening individuals for the fra (X) syndrome. Discriminant and correlation analyses of individuals with Sotos sequence and individuals with fra (X) syndrome did not identify MCPP similarities. Therefore, there was no MCPP evidence in our study of patients with Sotos sequence and fra (X) chromosome expression. PMID- 3239566 TI - The use of early simultaneous percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) and amniocentesis for prenatal fragile X chromosome diagnosis. AB - Early simultaneous percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) and amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis were undertaken for the first time in a 17-week gestation fetus at risk for the fragile X [fra (X)] syndrome. Metaphase spreads from 300 fetal lymphocytes were examined within 5 days following PUBS, while approximately 5 weeks were required for the analysis of 148 amniocytes. The chromosomes were interpreted as normal (46,XX) and the fetus as fragile X-negative at the time of prenatal diagnosis. This was cytogenetically confirmed after delivery of a healthy term female infant. Our results suggest that early PUBS may become a useful adjunct to amniocentesis because of shorter culture time and earlier diagnosis. PMID- 3239567 TI - Do some patients with fragile X syndrome have precocious puberty? AB - We report on an 8 1/2-year-old white girl with fra (X) syndrome; she had mental deficiency, hyperactivity, speech disturbances, slightly prominent ears, mild joint laxity and 20% fra (X) expression. Additional findings include idiopathic precocious puberty and a right ovarian cyst. Ovarian cysts have been reported previously in heterozygous females, but to our knowledge idiopathic precocious puberty is a new finding in this syndrome. Whether precocious puberty is a coincidental finding in this patient or a previously unreported manifestation of the fra (X) syndrome is not clear. PMID- 3239568 TI - Balanced X;15 translocation 46,X,t(X;15)(q21;q23) associated with primary amenorrhea. AB - Cytogenetic studies on a woman with primary amenorrhea showed an X;15 translocation, karyotype 46,X,t(X;15)(q21;q23). Fifteen percent of the buccal cells showed a normal-sized sex chromatin body. The normal X chromosome was uniformly inactivated. Many balanced X;15 translocations have been reported; however, breakpoints in our patient differ from those reported previously. This case also supports earlier evidence that ovarian development fails when the breakpoint of the X chromosome is in the region X q13-q25 or q13-q27. PMID- 3239569 TI - Prader-Willi habitus, osteopenia, and camptodactyly (Urban-Rogers-Meyer syndrome): a probable second report. AB - Here we describe a 12-year-old boy with finger and toe contractures, obesity, mental retardation, osteoporosis, and genital anomalies. This clinical picture was first described by Urban et al. [1979] and has been designated as "Prader Willi habitus, osteoporosis, and hand contractures." To our knowledge, our patient represents the second report of this condition. PMID- 3239570 TI - Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome: a possible mouse homologue (Xt-extra toes). AB - Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of complex polydactyly in man. Attention is called to the evidence that, on both morphological and comparative gene mapping grounds, this defect is homologous to Xt-extra toes in the mouse. The pattern of polydactyly in both species is very similar. In addition, both conditions probably map close to the T-cell receptor gamma polypeptide at 13 A2-3 in mouse and 7p15 in humans. PMID- 3239571 TI - Chromosomal localisation of a developmental gene in man: direct DNA analysis demonstrates that Greig cephalopolysyndactyly maps to 7p13. AB - Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) is a rare autosomal dominant form of complex polydactyly. GCPS has been tentatively assigned to chromosome 7 on the basis of association of the condition with balanced translocations involving the short arm of chromosome 7 (7p13) in two families. Seven GCPS pedigrees with no chromosome abnormality were studied, and linkage was demonstrated between GCPS and the DNA sequence coding for the receptor for epidermal growth factor (localised to 7p12-13) (Z = 3.17; O = theta). PMID- 3239572 TI - The syndrome of diaphragmatic hernia, abnormal face and distal limb anomalies (Fryns syndrome): report of two sibs with further delineation of this multiple congenital anomaly (MCA) syndrome. AB - We describe 2 sibs with the syndrome of diaphragmatic hernia, abnormal face, and distal limb anomalies. Both infants died shortly after birth with severe respiratory distress. Postmortem examination showed gross internal anomalies: Dandy-Walker malformation, ventricular septal defect, and renal cystic dysplasia. This combination of anomalies, also termed the Fryns syndrome, appears to be a distinct MCA syndrome with variable expression and probable autosomal recessive inheritance. Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis was successful in both patients. PMID- 3239573 TI - Thanatophoric dysplasia: an autosomal dominant condition? AB - We present 13 cases of thanatophoric dysplasia collected in the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations from a total population of 517,970 births. The incidence (live and stillbirth) was 2.7 per 100,000 births. All cases were sporadic, and there was no evidence of parental consanguinity. Parental age was significantly higher as compared with control parents. These findings suggest the occurrence of autosomal dominant mutation, with an overall mutation rate of 1.34 X 10(-5) in our population, which is close to that observed in achondroplasia. PMID- 3239574 TI - Effect of mazindol on growth hormone levels in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Human growth hormone (HGH) inhibition may be beneficial in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and slow down the rate of progression of the disease. The purposes of the present investigation were: 1) to assess, through pharmacological stimuli (L-dopa test), the HGH response in untreated DMD patients, and 2) to evaluate the inhibitory effect of mazindol on HGH levels as a potential treatment for DMD. In 55 DMD patients, HGH levels were measured through the L-dopa test, and 40 received mazindol. After 1 year, there was wide variability in the individual response to mazindol. An apparent diminution in the mean HGH level was observed in the whole group of patients; this was statistically significant after 3 and 6 months but not after 9 and 12 months of treatment. The results suggest that this drug is not effective for arresting growth or inhibiting HGH secretion for a prolonged period of time. PMID- 3239575 TI - Isochromosome 12p mosaicism (Pallister-Killian syndrome): newborn diagnosis by direct bone marrow analysis. AB - A patient who exhibited the phenotype of the Pallister mosaic aneuploid syndrome was cytogenetically diagnosed in the newborn period by bone marrow analysis. A 47,XY,i(12p) karyotype was observed in 100% of the metaphases from direct bone marrow preparations, while phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated bone marrow was 23% isochromosome positive. Initially, 10% of metaphases from a peripheral blood culture were isochromosome positive, but at 2 months of age all metaphases examined were cytogenetically normal. Serial fibroblast cultures were 75%, 100%, and 28% positive, respectively. The isochromosome was also present in all metaphases examined from lung tissue and testes. This karyotypic pattern supports a theory that tissue-limited mosaicism may result from selection due to differing developmental potentials of certain karyotypes in various tissues. PMID- 3239576 TI - Pallister-Killian mosaic syndrome with emphasis on the adult phenotype. AB - We report on a 36-year-old man with profound mental retardation, "coarse" face, and epilepsy. Recognition of the adult phenotype of the Pallister-Killian mosaic syndrome was a prerequisite to directing the cytogenetic analysis. PMID- 3239577 TI - Prevalence of dominant mutations in Spain: effect of changes in maternal age distribution. AB - We studied the birth prevalence of autosomal dominant mutations in Spain and estimated how a decrease in maternal age distribution may lead to reduction in dominant mutations. The data were collected by the Estudio Colaborativo Espanol de Malformaciones Congenitas from April, 1976, to December, 1985. Among 553,270 liveborn infants monitored during the period, 66 infants with autosomal dominant conditions were identified. These included Apert, Crouzon, Hay-Wells, Treacher Collins, Robinow, Stickler, Adams-Oliver, and the blepharophimosis syndromes, achondroplasia, cleidocranial dysostosis, and thanatophoric dysplasia. The overall rate of autosomal dominant conditions was 1.2 per 10,000 liveborn infants. Thirteen (20%) had an affected relative, and 52 (79%) had a negative family history. One case was excluded because of insufficient family data. The rate of autosomal dominant mutations was 0.9 per 10,000 liveborn infants, or 47 per 1 million gametes. A reduction in the maternal age distribution of mothers age 35 years and older from the current 10.8% to 4.9%, as in Atlanta, Georgia, would reduce the rate of Down syndrome in Spain by 33% and through a change in parternal age distribution may lead to a reduction in dominant mutations of about 9.6%. This suggests that a public health campaign to reduce older maternal age distribution in Spain may also lead to a reduction in dominant mutations and emphasizes the potential that a direct campaign for fathers to complete their families before age 35 years may have a small, but measurable, effect in the primary prevention of dominant mutations. PMID- 3239578 TI - Deletion 9p, duplication 18q in two sisters resulting from a maternal (9;18) (p22;q21.3) translocation. AB - We have studied two sisters with partial deletion 9p and partial duplication 18q resulting from adjacent 1 segregation of a maternal translocation (9;18) (p22;q21.3). The clinical manifestations identified in our patients were compared with those reported in the literature for 9p- and 18q+ patients involving approximately the same amount of genetic material. There was relatively greater similarity with the 9p- syndrome than with dup (18q) syndrome, but typical characteristics of both conditions were lacking. PMID- 3239580 TI - Cerebellar infarction in a patient with Waardenburg syndrome. AB - We report on the occurrence of a basilar artery embolism in a 9-year-old boy with Waardenburg syndrome type I. We examined eight other relatives and found that dystopia canthorum was present in six. One of these also had a lumbar meningomyelocele. According to descriptions provided by the grandmother of the propositus, nine other relatives were also affected. PMID- 3239579 TI - Newly recognized autosomal dominant syndrome of rhizomelic shortness with clavicular defect. AB - We report on a mother and son with an inherited skeletal disorder of rhizomelic short stature and lateral clavicular defects. This entity has apparently not been reported previously and represents a newly recognized autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia. PMID- 3239581 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta type I with unusual dental abnormalities. AB - A large kindred with dominantly inherited osteogenesis imperfecta was evaluated. Affected individuals had bone fractures, blue sclerae, and hearing loss. In addition, all had dental abnormalities distinct from those previously described in other families with this syndrome. Deciduous teeth were normal in color or blue-grey. On radiographs of an early developing deciduous dentition, pulps were larger than normal. In patients with mixed dentitions, pulp chambers of deciduous teeth were partially obliterated. Increased constriction at the junctions of the crowns and roots was found in some deciduous teeth. One patient had large pulp stones in the pulp chambers of all maxillary deciduous molars. Permanent teeth were normal in color but had oval pulp chambers with apical extensions into the coronal portions of the roots, large coronal pulp stones, narrow root canals, and thin roots. Individuals in this family who did not have osteogenesis imperfecta had normal teeth. In addition, a well circumscribed radiolucency without a sclerotic periphery, involving the apices of all permanent mandibular incisors, was found in the anterior mandible in one patient. These findings support the hypothesis that this family has yet another type I osteogenesis imperfecta "syndrome". PMID- 3239582 TI - Late onset scleroatonic familial myopathy (Ullrich disease): a study of two sibs. AB - We report on sibs with scleroatonic familial myopathy (Ullrich disease). Muscular weakness was of relatively late onset in relation to other cases reported in the literature. Short stature and moderate growth hormone deficiency were noted during follow-up. Differential diagnosis with other neuromuscular disorders, particularly rigid spine syndrome, is discussed. PMID- 3239583 TI - Direct chromosome analysis from neonatal cord blood. AB - Direct chromosome preparations of neonatal cord blood provides the unique opportunity for rapid chromosome analysis (turnaround time; 6 hr), without the necessity of bone marrow aspiration. Based on 42 samples we confirm the finding of Garnham and Sutherland [1987] for suitability of cord blood for direct chromosome preparation. Procedural modifications are provided for higher yield of cells for chromosome analysis. The procedure may well be of major significance for rapid diagnosis of neonates who suffer from aneusomy. PMID- 3239584 TI - Partial trisomy 9--further delineation of the phenotype. AB - A patient with partial trisomy 9 (47,XX,+9pter----q22.1) had bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate, enophthalmos, severe micrognathia, small, apparently low-set ears, and dislocatable knees. The phenotypic findings are compared with those of other documented cases of total trisomy 9. PMID- 3239585 TI - Prenatal diagnosis and the Canadian collaborative randomized trial of chorionic villi sampling: the physician's view. AB - Women eligible for the Canadian randomized trial of chorionic villi sampling (CVS) often cite physician influence as a reason for refusing to participate. To measure directly physicians' attitudes to and knowledge of prenatal diagnosis (PND), amniocentesis, CVS, randomized trials, and the Canadian trial, a 3-page questionnaire was mailed to all registered obstetricians in British Columbia (BC) and in Montreal (Mtl). The overall response rate was 70%. Most physicians thought PND was important and that it was their role to discuss and advise PND to their patients. Physicians were split in their preferences for amniocentesis or CVS (32% vs. 34%); reasons for their preferences paralleled those given by women studied previously by us. Physicians who thought CVS was too experimental, who were hesitant about the trial or who were less likely to discuss the study with patients were older, less likely to have participated in a randomized trial previously and less comfortable with randomization and discussing uncertain risks with patients. Mtl physicians were less aware and more hesitant about the Canadian trial than those in BC. Moreover, Mtl physicians were more likely to consider the ongoing trial inappropriate and too experimental than BC physicians. Because physicians act as "gatekeepers," educating them about new technologies and about randomized studies is essential for ensuring both participant's access to a new procedure and success of the randomized trial. PMID- 3239586 TI - Angular homeostasis. V: Some issues in genetics, ontogeny, and evolution. AB - We discuss a provisional model that deals with aspects of normal control of the direction in which cells grow; hence, the organization of structure. The interacting issues of genetics, ontogeny, and phylogeny in relationship to normal development and its defects are addressed. Our main goal is to define a model with a small and sufficient set of conditions that would make it possible to undertake statistically efficient genetic studies of certain congenital defects. But to do so in plausible and heuristic terms, one must address two classical questions: 1) How is the genome translated (or sometimes mistranslated) into a phenotype that is clinically conspicuous and that can be the object of genetic selection, and hence of evolution? 2) Granted that evolution of species occurs in small, rare steps, what is the path that calls for the smallest number of mutations through which ontogenesis could have developed, the intermediate stages being conserved because of actual phenotypic advantage? PMID- 3239587 TI - Duplication 8q24.2----qter and 15q14----pter resulting from a 3:1 meiotic segregation of a maternal reciprocal translocation. AB - We report on a 16-year-old female with duplication 8q24.2----qter and 15q14--- pter resulting from a 3:1 segregation of a maternal balanced reciprocal translocation. This mode of unbalanced segregation could be predicted from Pachytene-diagram drawing. Most of her clinical manifestations can be related to the proximal 15q trisomy. To our knowledge there is only one previous report of a similar chromosome constitution. PMID- 3239588 TI - Report of a case resembling the Proteus syndrome with a chromosome abnormality. PMID- 3239589 TI - Theoretical expectations for deletional mutations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 3239590 TI - Hyperperfusion injury of the human kidney in different glomerular diseases. AB - Investigations of biopsy material from human kidneys with different forms of glomerulonephritis (n = 1,240) and with diabetic glomerulosclerosis (n = 406) performed in order to find changes caused by hyperperfusion of the kidney tissue gave the following results: (1) Hyperperfusion injury occurs in the different forms of glomerulonephritis with varying frequency. It was rarely found in immunologically negative mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. The highest incidence was found in patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I. (2) Hyperperfusion injury was also found in kidneys with diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The frequency of this finding increased with the degree of the diabetic changes. (3) The hyperperfusion injury was seen as a complication of glomerulonephritis or diabetic glomerulosclerosis only when the patient clinically had developed malignant hypertension and when the serum creatinine level was elevated, a sign of compensated retention. (4) In patients with glomerulonephritis, the hyperperfusion changes occurred more frequently in males than in females. Diabetic glomerulosclerosis was complicated by hyperperfusion injury with the same frequency in both sexes. (5) Patients with hyperperfusion changes of the kidneys always excrete large amounts of protein in the urine. (6) Hyperperfusion changes occur first in the juxtamedullary glomeruli. The intermediate glomeruli are affected later and the subcapsular glomeruli last. PMID- 3239591 TI - Effect of red blood cell lysis on protein quantitation in hematuric states. AB - To simulate hematuria, blood from healthy volunteers was added to urine samples of varying osmolalities to produce urocrits ranging from 0.01 to 3.0%. Specimens were then analyzed for protein concentration by a method using a combination of 3% sulfosalicylic and trichloroacetic acids. Microscopic hematuria (urocrit of less than 0.05%) was not associated with proteinuria, but gross hematuria often resulted in substantial amounts of protein being detected. In iso- and hypertonic urines, modest elevations in protein concentration (69-97 mg/dl) were detected. Hypotonic urines produced marked proteinuria (1,302-1,863 mg/dl). Urine protein electrophoreses identified hemoglobin as the responsible protein. Isolated hematuria can cause false-positive proteinuria on the basis of RBC lysis and release of hemoglobin into the urine. The diagnostic and prognostic implications of clinical proteinuria in the hematuric patient can be significant. Thus, in a patient with gross hematuria, a urine protein electrophoresis should be accomplished to assess the contribution of hemoglobin to the total protein determination. PMID- 3239592 TI - Late manifestation of autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease in two sisters. AB - We report on 2 siblings with autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease, diagnosed at the ages of 14 and 18 years, respectively. Clinical findings and differential diagnosis, especially for autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, are given. The consequences for genetic counselling are discussed. PMID- 3239593 TI - Estimation of quantitative proteinuria by using the protein-creatinine ratio in random urine samples. AB - The protein-creatinine ratio was measured in urine samples obtained at three different times of the day and compared to the 24-hour protein excretion in 51 patients with a wide spectrum of renal function and proteinuria. A linear correlation, which was highly significant, was found between the two variables. The higher correlation was found in urine samples obtained at 08.00 and at 12.00 h and the lowest in samples obtained at 16.00 h. This correlation did not depend on the degree of proteinuria or on the sex of the patients, but was slightly dependent on the glomerular filtration rate. The protein-creatinine ratio was essentially identical with the 24-hour protein excretion. Thus, the normal range of proteinuria was represented by a ratio of less than 0.2, while nephrotic patients had a ratio above 3.5. We suggest that the protein-creatinine ratio in random urine samples could replace the timed collection methods at least for follow-up and screening. PMID- 3239594 TI - Clinical identification of nondiabetic renal disease in diabetic patients with type I and type II disease presenting with renal dysfunction. AB - A retrospective study was done on 109 diabetic patients who had renal biopsies during 1974-1984 to determine factors identifying nondiabetic renal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus presenting with renal dysfunction. Six of 49 (12%) patients with type I and 17 of 60 (28%) with type II diabetes mellitus had other renal diseases, with or without diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Multivariate predictors of other renal disease in type I diabetes mellitus were duration less than 5 years (p less than 0.001), absence of proteinuria (p less than 0.001), and absence of neuropathy (p less than 0.05). In type II diabetes mellitus these were late age of onset (p less than 0.001), absence of neuropathy (p less than 0.05), and Caucasian race (p less than 0.005). Some patients with other diseases appeared to respond to therapy directed at their nondiabetic glomerulosclerosis disease. We emphasize the need to distinguish between the subgroup of diabetic patients with nondiabetic renal disease from the majority who have diabetic glomerulosclerosis alone. The latter group should be spared the discomforts, risks, and costs of a renal biopsy. PMID- 3239596 TI - Quiz of the month. Arterial blood gases in overcompensated respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic acidosis. PMID- 3239595 TI - Determinants of serum creatine kinase activity in dialysis patients. AB - Elevated creatine kinase (CK) has frequently been described in patients on chronic dialysis, but little is known about its cause and distribution. We, therefore, measured CK in 105 patients on hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and compared it with biochemical, nutritional, and anthropometric data obtained at the same time. In the entire group, CK was 130.3 +/- (SEM) 15.0 IU/l. Thirty patients had elevated levels of enzyme (greater than 130 IU/l). Isoenzymes determined in patients with elevated CK levels were all more than 97% MM fraction. Men had significantly higher (p less than 0.001) CK values (166.0 +/- 25.8 IU/l) than women (82.4 +/- 9.0 IU/l). Blacks had higher CK values (158.8 +/- 21.7 IU/l; p less than 0.001) than whites (92.6 +/- 12.5 IU/l). Men and blacks had significantly higher weight and midarm muscle circumference than women and whites, respectively. A positive correlation was found between CK and lactic dehydrogenase (p less than 0.001) and between CK and midarm muscle circumference (p less than 0.05), and a negative correlation (p less than 0.01) was found with age. Predialysis and postdialysis CK was measured in 10 patients and did not rise. Three of the patients with elevated CK who have undergone successful renal transplantation showed normalization of CK levels. We conclude that CK is elevated in both hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients, particularly in men and blacks, that CK levels are probably related to muscle mass, and that CK declines with advancing age. Although blacks have higher CK values as a whole, normalization of CK values after renal transplantation suggests a contributory role of renal dysfunction. PMID- 3239598 TI - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in glomerular disease: association with urinary protein. AB - The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) correlated significantly with the total urinary protein (TUP) in 24-hour urine collections in patients with glomerular disease (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.001). The relationship was linear for all patients with a glomerular process but no longer held true once the patients were treated with immunosuppressives, or when the underlying disease excluded the glomerulus. The association between ESR and TUP was generally of the magnitude ESR = TUP X 10. ESR was not correlated with creatinine clearance. Multiple factors cause an increased ESR. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an association between ESR and proteinuria. PMID- 3239599 TI - Presence of HBe antibody in glomerular deposits in membranous glomerulonephritis is associated with hepatitis B virus infection. AB - The specificity of IgG on the glomerular capillary wall was investigated in 3 patients with hepatitis B virus associated membranous glomerulonephritis. The immune deposits on the capillary walls were stained by immunofluorescent antibody against HBe antigen and IgG. The eluted fluid (0.02 M citrate buffer, pH 3.2) from renal biopsy slices contained significant activity of HBe antibody, but not of HBs and HBc antibodies. After elution, the disappearance of IgG on the capillary walls was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Heterologous complement activation with fresh guinea pig complement was positive in the glomerular capillary walls from all 3 patients. Our observations support the notion that this disease is caused by HBe antigen-anti-HBe immune complexes. PMID- 3239597 TI - Increase in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate during growth hormone treatment may be mediated by insulin-like growth factor I. AB - The temporal relationships between the changes in inulin and p-aminohippurate clearances and plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I levels were examined in a man with hypothalamic GH deficiency before and during the first 6 days of treatment with daily GH injections. The patient ate a diet with a constant protein and salt content from 1 week before the study until it was completed. During the 4-hour period immediately after the first GH injection, plasma GH rose markedly, but plasma IGF I was not detectable, and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change from baseline. On the next day, before the second GH injection was given, plasma GH was only slightly elevated, plasma IGF I had increased, and ERPF and GFR had risen by +35.5 +/- 2.1% (SEM) and +22.7 +/- 2.8%, respectively. On the 4th and 7th days, immediately before the GH injections, there was no further rise in ERPF and GFR, both of which remained well above baseline values. At these times, plasma GH levels were at baseline, but plasma IGF I continued to rise progressively. These data are consistent with the thesis that the low ERPF and GFR in GH deficiency is due to the lack of synthesis of IGF I rather than the deficiency in GH per se. The data are also consistent with a stimulatory effect of IGF I on ERPF and GFR. PMID- 3239600 TI - IgA nephropathy in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. AB - Two patients with a long-standing history of familial Mediterranean fever were found to have both microscopic hematuria and proteinuria during the acute attacks. Kidney biopsies from both patients revealed diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with intense mesangial IgA and C3 deposits and no evidence of amyloidosis. To our knowledge these are the first 2 cases documenting the presence of mesangial IgA nephropathy in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. PMID- 3239601 TI - Myeloma-like cast nephropathy associated with acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - Obstruction of renal collecting tubules by protein cats inciting a giant cell reaction is usually characteristic of myeloma cast nephropathy. Rarely other causes of proteinuria may result in a similar morphology. We report a rare case of 'myeloma-like' tubular casts in the kidney of a patient who was subsequently found at autopsy to have acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Only two similar reports could be found in the English literature. PMID- 3239602 TI - Effect of 1,25-vitamin D and parathyroidectomy on the uptake of aluminum in bone of rats with renal insufficiency. AB - Excessive aluminum accumulation in bone is associated with abnormalities in bone formation and mineralization in man and animals. The factors that influence deposition of aluminum in bone are not well understood. In this study the influence of 1,25-vitamin D on bone aluminum accumulation was evaluated in aluminum-loaded parathyroidectomized and nonparathyroidectomized rats with renal insufficiency. All groups of aluminum-loaded rats receiving 1,25-vitamin D had less bone aluminum accumulation. This effect was not influenced by the presence of absence of parathyroid hormone. All rats administered 1,25-vitamin D had elevated serum calcium and depressed serum phosphorus levels and lower body weight compared to controls. The results ascribe a potential role for 1,25 vitamin D in the prevention of aluminum accumulation. PMID- 3239603 TI - Postinfectious glomerulonephritis in the elderly. PMID- 3239604 TI - The human nature of psychoanalytic theories. PMID- 3239605 TI - The role of self-esteem in the experience of envy. AB - It is the thesis of this paper that although analysts have always recognized that narcissistic injury may trigger envious feelings, the significance of self-esteem as both a motivator and response to envious feelings has not yet been sufficiently explored. Traditional drive-defense or object instinctual explanations tend to diminish awareness of the importance of self-esteem in the experience of envy. The focus on drives or repetition of early patterns of object relations does not always take into account the significance of the cycle in which damaged self-esteem leads to envy, the component parts of which may cause further damage to self-esteem, leading to more envy, and so on. I am suggesting that it is often an attempt to avoid painful injury to one's self-esteem, as well as the related attempt to maintain a positively colored sense of self, and not a repression of drives or a repetition of some aspect of early object relationships which must be understood in order to fully comprehend both feelings of envy and the need to keep such feelings out of conscious awareness. PMID- 3239606 TI - Daseinsanalytic therapy with a patient suffering from compulsion neurosis and writer's cramp. PMID- 3239607 TI - Mental development. AB - An attempt has been made to show how radically object relations theory departs from linear and biological models of development. The mind, it seems, is in a constant state of ebb and flow, moving at times towards development, and on other occasions regressing from it. Development seems to occur only when there are appropriate affective links between the structures of the mind. These links apparently need to be at the love-admiration end of the affective spectrum, so that centripetal forces predominate over centrifugal ones. It is this process of moving from fragmentation to integration, from alienation to responsibleness on the spatial plane, and from hatred to love on the affective plane that we tend to call development. PMID- 3239608 TI - The covert seduction theory: filling the gap between the seduction theory and the Oedipus complex. PMID- 3239609 TI - Alienation from self in "The Jewel in the Crown". PMID- 3239610 TI - The lived experience of aging in the oldest old: a phenomenological study. PMID- 3239611 TI - The instrumental and the focal child: two patterns of parent-child dynamics in separation-impeding families. AB - This study has discussed two distinct relational patterns which can occur between parents suffering from a narcissistic disturbance and their children: the instrumental and the focal child syndromes. Individual and intergenerational dynamics were examined. The typical outcomes for the child were outlined. PMID- 3239612 TI - Presidential address of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. Dreams. PMID- 3239613 TI - The pivot shift phenomenon: results and description of a modified clinical test for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. AB - Clinical evaluation of knee instability is often difficult to reproduce, and several different physical tests have become popular. In an attempt to elucidate reasons for variations in the degree of pivot shift phenomenon seen with the use of the various tests, we have prospectively evaluated a group of 37 patients with surgically documented ACL injuries, noting the effects of hip position and tibial rotation. The patients were examined under anesthesia, and the pivot shift was graded as 0 (absent, or negative), 0.5+ (trace), 1+, 2+, or 3+ (with locking). All knees were tested in hip abduction, neutral, and hip adduction, and with the tibia in external and internal rotation, so that six positions were evaluated. Hip position strongly correlated with the degree of pivot shift regardless of tibial rotation. Overall, abduction produced the greatest degree of pivot shift, followed by neutral and finally adduction. External tibial rotation increased the pivot shift score in abduction and neutral, but not in adduction. A grading system for the subject population showed that abduction/external rotation (ABDER) resulted in the highest pivot shift scores, and that adduction/external rotation (ADDER) and adduction/internal rotation (ADDIR) resulted in the lowest scores. Nine patients out of 20 with a 3+ pivot shift in ABDER were negative in ADDER. The pivot shift score was dampened at least one grade from ABDER to ADDER in 92% of the patients. We conclude that hip position and tibial rotation affect the degree of pivot shift phenomenon, and it is our impression that the iliotibial band plays a significant role in controlling the degree of pivot shift observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239614 TI - Upper extremity range of motion and isokinetic strength of the internal and external shoulder rotators in major league baseball players. AB - Forty-one professional baseball players volunteered for upper extremity range of motion measurements and isokinetic testing for internal and external shoulder rotation. Pitchers demonstrated 9 degrees more external shoulder rotation with the arm abducted, 5 degrees more forearm pronation, and 9 degrees less shoulder extension on the dominant side compared with the dominant side of position players. Pitchers also demonstrated 9 degrees more external rotation in abduction, 5 degrees less shoulder flexion, 11 degrees less horizontal extension, 15 degrees less internal rotation in abduction, 6 degrees less elbow extension, 4 degrees less elbow flexion, and 5 degrees less forearm supination on the dominant side compared with their nondominant side. Position players demonstrated 8 degrees more external rotation in abduction, 14 degrees less horizontal extension, and 8 degrees less elbow extension on the dominant side compared with their nondominant side. Greater torque was produced by pitchers compared with position players for the dominant and nondominant arm at all test speeds for both mean peak and mean average torque. Greater torque was produced by the dominant arm compared with the nondominant arm also at all test speeds for both of these measurements. No difference was found between the rotation ratios for either arm, for either group, for all speeds. PMID- 3239615 TI - The effect of exercise on laxity in the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee. AB - Twenty-five ACL deficient patients (12 males, 13 females) were compared with 20 normal controls (10 males, 10 females) to assess the effect of a known workload on AP laxity in the ACL deficient knee. The workload was predetermined, and the exercise was performed for 20 minutes on a bicycle ergometer. Both the control and ACL deficient knees demonstrated significantly increased averaged laxity after exercise. The percentage increase was less in the ACL deficient knees than in the control knees; the difference was not statistically significant. Nor was there a significant sex effect. We believe that an ACL stress test would be useful to predict which patients with documented knee instability would consequently be "at risk" of suffering disability during activity. Further investigation should be carried out to establish a stress test that would accurately define a threshold for ACL disability and indicate the need for early reconstruction in those patients at risk. PMID- 3239616 TI - Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with carbon fiber. An experimental study on pigs. AB - During a follow-up period of 16 weeks in 18 pigs, macroscopical and histological studies revealed invasion of fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells around the carbon fiber prosthesis inserted to replace the ACL but scarce tissue ingrowth into the prosthesis proper. There was no adherence of the carbon ligament onto the bony channels. The peak tensile strength of the reconstructed ligament was about one third of the paired normal ACL ligament during the 16 week experiment. PMID- 3239618 TI - Chronic exercise-induced compartment pressure elevation measured with a miniaturized fluid pressure monitor. A laboratory and clinical study. AB - Increased pressure within an osteofascial compartment may produce a compartment syndrome, one of the principal causes of circulatory compromise in acute traumatic and chronic exercise-induced elevated compartment pressure. Acute and chronic diagnostic quantitation of compartment pressures are a valuable adjunct to clinical diagnosis, particularly when used to evaluate the athlete with exercise-induced pain. This study evaluated a prototype hand-held, digital, fluid pressure monitor used for the measurement of compartment pressure in the exercising athlete. A laboratory water and mercury manometer study, in which 50 paired, single-blind measurements were taken, revealed that the digital monitor was accurate to +/- 0.8 mm Hg (SD) of actual pressure with no individual reading more than 1 mm Hg from the actual pressure when compared directly with a mercury and a water column. Laboratory study of bovine muscle placed within a pressure chamber revealed that the digital monitor, when assembled in the same manner as used for clinical measurement, was accurate to +/- 0.9 mm Hg. The needle manometer technique was also found to be accurate to +/- 3 mm Hg from actual pressure. Twenty-one paired measurements of the anterolateral and posterior compartments of the hindlimbs of eight anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits by both the needle manometer and digital monitor methods by two examiners demonstrated the digital monitor to be reproducible to +/- 1.0 mm Hg [Coefficient of variation (CV) less than 7%] and needle manometer method to +/- 3.4 mm Hg (CV less than 16%) with r = 0.94.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239617 TI - Patterns of meniscal injury with acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. AB - One hundred two patients underwent an arthrotomy for the primary repair of an acute ACL tear with or without an associated collateral ligament injury. The mean age was 23 years. Forty-seven patients (46%) had meniscal injuries. Meniscal injuries were found in 41% of Group I patients (isolated ACL injuries) and in 54% of Group II patients (injured ACL/collateral ligaments). Twenty-eight medial and 22 lateral meniscal tears were noted. Twenty-six of the 50 meniscal tears (52%) were sutured in an attempt to repair the menisci. Of these, 20 of the medial (71%), and 6 of the lateral (27%) meniscal injuries were sutured. No patients in this series required a total meniscectomy. A thorough evaluation of the menisci is mandatory in knees with an acutely injured ACL. PMID- 3239619 TI - Calf muscle area and strength changes after five weeks of horizontal bed rest. AB - Nine male volunteers participated in a 10 week metabolic study in which subjects underwent 5 weeks of ambulatory control and 5 weeks of complete horizontal bed rest. Bed rest is a model commonly used to simulate space flight. The changes in muscle area and strength of the calf dorsiflexors and plantar flexors were measured before and after bed rest using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a Cybex II dynamometer. The muscle area of the plantar flexors (gastrocnemius and soleus) decreased 12%, whereas the muscle area of the dorsiflexors was not significantly decreased. The maximal muscle strength of the plantar flexors decreased 26%; the muscle strength of the dorsiflexors was not significantly decreased. These results, which demonstrate differential muscle atrophy and a larger loss in strength relative to muscle area, have important implications in the development of exercise counter-measures to be implemented during space flight. The results also have implications for patients who have severe orthopaedic disorders and must be bed rested for long periods of time, and for persons who are voluntarily inactive (a large number of the elderly). PMID- 3239620 TI - Pathomechanics of posterior sag of the tibia in posterior cruciate deficient knees. An experimental study. AB - This study was an investigation of the pathomechanics of posterior sag of the tibia in knees with posterior knee instability caused by PCL deficiency. By using fresh cadaver knees, the authors hoped to define the relationship of the posterior joint capsule and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL, LCL) with posterior knee instability in the PCL deficient knee. Thirty newtons of posterior stress were applied to the knees to simulate postoperative conditions. Roentgenographic methods were then used to evaluate posterior sag and change in the distance between the origin and insertion of the PCL. Strain gauges were used to measure the actual strain of the PCL and the collateral ligaments. The PCL, the posterior capsule, and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments were sequentially divided and the above measurements were then repeated in the same way, using 30 N of applied posterior stress. When only the PCL was cut, posterior sag and medial rotation of the tibia occurred with increasing severity as flexion increased. No sagging or rotation of the tibia was observed at full extension in the knees that had isolated PCL "injury". When the posterior capsule was sectioned, no significant changes were noted in the severity of the sag or the rotation. When the MCL or LCL was divided in a PCL deficient knee, greater sag occurred with flexion and a significant sag was observed even at full extension. The MCL "injury" was associated with increased medial rotation, whereas LCL "injuries" were associated with lateral rotation of the tibia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239621 TI - The effect of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug on the healing of ligaments. AB - Because of the increasing number of ligament sprains being treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), this study was undertaken to document the effects of one such drug on ligament healing in an experimental setting. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 400 and 500 g were used to evaluate the effect of the NSAID piroxicam on the healing of an experimental injury to the medial collateral ligament (MCL). The following factors were varied in the experiments: dosage, days of treatment, and the day postinjury when treatment was begun. Piroxicam-treated rats were compared to placebo-treated rats in terms of the drug's effect on the mechanical strength of the healing ligament. The ligaments were mechanically tested in tension to failure at a constant deformation rate of 0.25 mm/sec on a materials testing machine. Administration of piroxicam on Days 1 to 6 postinjury resulted in a 42% increase in strength at Day 14 postinjury for the piroxicam-treated ligaments (P less than 0.01) when compared with the placebo-treated controls. Neither doubling nor halving the standard piroxicam dose significantly altered this increased healing strength. Biochemical analysis of collagen synthesis demonstrated a suggestive, although not statistically significant, increase in collagen synthesis and collagen content in the piroxicam-treated healing ligament. In separate experiments, piroxicam had no effect on the healed ligament at 21 days or on the strength of uninjured ligaments. In conclusion, piroxicam increased the early strength of healing ligaments in the rat when the drug was administered for short periods of time after injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239622 TI - Illness and absence among wrestlers, swimmers, and gymnasts at a large university. AB - The object of this study was to document the prevalence of illness and absence in members of three men's intercollegiate athletic teams: varsity wrestling, swimming, and gymnastics. Team members (N = 87) were interviewed weekly in January and February during 8 weeks of their competitive season. Symptoms, signs, and their duration were recorded on a standard form, as well as the number of days of absence from at least one class or team practice or competition. Mean prevalence of illness was 54 per 100 persons during the first 5 weeks of the study and 30 per 100 persons during the last 3 weeks. Eight-six percent of the athletes had at least one respiratory illness during the 8 week period and 40% reported skin problems. There were no significant differences among teams for respiratory or skin problems. Gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly more frequent among swimmers than among wrestlers or gymnasts (chi 2 = 16.1, df = 2, P less than 0.001). During an illness, an athlete was less likely to miss class than practice or competition (chi 2 = 5.33, df = 1, P less than 0.05). We conclude that there were no significant differences in the prevalence of illness among the three teams except that swimmers had more gastrointestinal problems as well as a transient syndrome associated with abnormal water quality (pH) in the swimming pool. PMID- 3239624 TI - Osteophytic bridging of the sacroiliac joint. Excision using intraoperative radionuclide localization: a case report. PMID- 3239623 TI - Elevated plasma hydroxyproline. A possible risk factor associated with connective tissue injuries during overuse. AB - Basal plasma hydroxyproline was measured in 104 male Navy Seal candidates 1 week into their intense physical training program, which lasted 7 weeks, and correlated to the incidence of connective tissue injuries incurred later in the training program. Eleven subjects (10.6%) were diagnosed as having connective tissue injuries. Those subjects with connective tissue injuries had a significantly higher (P less than 0.05) mean plasma hydroxyproline value (4.02 micrograms/ml) than subjects without injury (3.10 micrograms/ml). The majority of graduates (75%) had plasma hydroxyproline values less than 3.3 micrograms/ml. These graduates represented the strongest and most enduring injury-free subjects. Of the subject pool who incurred connective tissue injuries, only 27% had plasma hydroxyproline values less than 3.3 micrograms/ml. The majority of the injured subjects (73%) had plasma hydroxyproline values greater than or equal to 3.3 micrograms/ml. In conclusion, there is a relationship between initial training basal plasma hydroxyproline levels and connective tissue injuries later incurred in an intense physical training program. These data suggest that elevated plasma hydroxyproline levels may represent a risk factor associated with connective tissue injuries. PMID- 3239625 TI - Peroneus brevis rupture in the absence of the peroneus longus muscle and tendon in a classical ballet dancer. A case report. PMID- 3239626 TI - Limited joint mobility in power lifters. PMID- 3239627 TI - Poetry and consciousness. PMID- 3239628 TI - Art and inspiration. PMID- 3239629 TI - The puzzle of art. PMID- 3239630 TI - Art and psychopathology: the message of "outsider" art. PMID- 3239631 TI - The creative moment: improvising in jazz and psychotherapy. PMID- 3239632 TI - The creative therapeutic encounter at adolescence. PMID- 3239633 TI - Dynamic aspects of the creative process: overview. PMID- 3239634 TI - The lunatic, the lover, and the poet: a study of Shakespeare's conception of creativity. PMID- 3239635 TI - Creativity and the transformational process. PMID- 3239636 TI - James Joyce and Stephen Dedalus: object and selfobject relationships in the successful and blocked creative process. PMID- 3239637 TI - Master and apprentice: the mentoring relationship in the development of adolescent creativity. PMID- 3239638 TI - Portrait of the artist as adolescent prodigy: Mozart and the Magic Flute. PMID- 3239639 TI - Masked I go forward--play research and creativity: overview. PMID- 3239640 TI - Creativity and the vicissitudes of play. PMID- 3239641 TI - Masking the self: fictional identities and the construction of self in adolescence. PMID- 3239642 TI - Word child: transformations in play story. PMID- 3239643 TI - On the relation between creativity and cutting corners. PMID- 3239644 TI - The semiotics of play fighting at a residential treatment center. PMID- 3239645 TI - Clinical dilemmas in the prevention of adolescent suicidal behavior. PMID- 3239646 TI - Subtle classroom abuse in an adolescent inpatient program. PMID- 3239647 TI - The measurement of behavioral autonomy in adolescence: the autonomous functioning checklist. PMID- 3239648 TI - Late adolescence: Spock and the ego-ideal. PMID- 3239649 TI - Therapy of adolescents with severe behavior problems. PMID- 3239650 TI - Intensive psychodynamically oriented treatment of two cases of adolescent psychosis. PMID- 3239651 TI - Female psychosexual development: mothers, daughters, and inner organs. PMID- 3239652 TI - Adolescent substance abuse: introduction. PMID- 3239653 TI - Adolescent chemical dependency. PMID- 3239654 TI - Hospital programs for psychiatrically disturbed, drug-abusing adolescents. PMID- 3239655 TI - The therapeutic community perspective and approach for adolescent substance abusers. PMID- 3239656 TI - Creativity and adolescence: introduction to special section. PMID- 3239657 TI - On constructing a reality. PMID- 3239658 TI - The fruits of asynchrony: a psychological examination of creativity. PMID- 3239659 TI - [Characteristics of the hemostasis system in multiple pregnancy]. PMID- 3239660 TI - [Clinico-experimental data on the outcome of pregnancy and labor in hypokinesia]. PMID- 3239661 TI - [Effect of the thymus gland on various metabolic processes in pregnancy (experimental study)]. PMID- 3239662 TI - [Hepatocerebral dystrophy in pregnancy]. PMID- 3239664 TI - [Functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system in women with hypertensive syndrome in the third trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 3239663 TI - [Early hemorheologic disorders in pregnant women at risk of developing late toxemia]. PMID- 3239665 TI - [Status of the feto-placental system in obese pregnant women]. PMID- 3239666 TI - [Management of labor through the natural birth canal in pregnant women with a history of cesarean section]. PMID- 3239668 TI - [Analysis of the causes of abortion]. PMID- 3239667 TI - [Planning rehabilitation measures in tubal pregnancy using a method of mathematical modeling]. PMID- 3239669 TI - [Menstrual and reproductive functions and morbidity in women after labor]. PMID- 3239670 TI - [Characteristics of HBs antigenemia in patients with acute hepatitis B in various pregnancy trimesters]. PMID- 3239672 TI - [Possibilities of thromboelastography in the evaluation of the hemostasis system in pregnant women with hypertension]. PMID- 3239671 TI - [Paget-Schroetter-Kristelli syndrome and pregnancy]. PMID- 3239673 TI - [Use of vital point massage in various types of obstetrical pathology]. PMID- 3239674 TI - [Management of pregnancy and labor in women with syringomyelia]. PMID- 3239675 TI - [Missed abortion: its diagnosis and prevention of complications]. PMID- 3239676 TI - [Detection and treatment of patients with malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs]. PMID- 3239677 TI - [The search for and incidence of risk factors in the development of endometrial glandular hyperplasia in women of various ages]. PMID- 3239678 TI - [Clinical application of the results of studies of hormonal receptors in persistent hyperplastic transformation of the endometrium]. PMID- 3239679 TI - [Effects of tamoxifen and oxyprogesterone caproate on steroid hormone receptors in tumors and indicators of reproductive homeostasis in patients with cancer of the uterine body]. PMID- 3239680 TI - [Remote results of radical treatment of patients with stage I endometrial cancer]. PMID- 3239681 TI - [Errors in the treatment of patients with initial forms of cancer of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 3239683 TI - [Determining blood levels of free amino acids in patients with malignant ovarian tumors: an auxiliary method of their diagnosis and a method of controlling their effective treatment]. PMID- 3239682 TI - [The role of surgical interventions in the treatment of uterine choriocarcinoma]. PMID- 3239684 TI - [Comparative study of the acceptability of inert and copper-containing intrauterine contraceptive devices]. PMID- 3239686 TI - [Therapeutic effect of thyroidin in euthyroid women with anovulatory infertility]. PMID- 3239685 TI - [Effect of combined oral contraceptives on the hypophyseo-thyroid and hypophyseo adrenal systems in women with various anatomy of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 3239687 TI - [Circadian organization of hormonal function of the hypophyseo-ovarian system (experimental study of Papio hamadryas monkeys)]. PMID- 3239688 TI - [Status of the ovaries in tubal and peritoneal infertility]. PMID- 3239689 TI - [Uterine sarcoma]. PMID- 3239690 TI - [Observation of a patient with preserved reproductive function after surgical treatment of dysgerminoma]. PMID- 3239691 TI - [Functional status of the bladder and urethral sphincter systems after correction of urethrovaginal fistula]. PMID- 3239692 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of endometrial polyps]. PMID- 3239693 TI - Generalized epilepsy in childhood: some notes from a developmental perspective. AB - Efforts to establish more detailed classification of childhood epilepsy have increased our knowledge in this field, but have also led to a tendency of excessive subdivision, especially in generalized forms. This paper emphasizes the need for the reconsideration of a number of basic factors that favour a more unitary physiopathogenetic and clinical interpretation: 1) the electroclinical pattern is age-related; 2) the electroclinical paroxysmal expressiveness is greatest in childhood; 3) two types of manifestations can be distinguished in the process of spread and generalization (a benzodiazepine-sensitive complex associated with a more regular and organized EEG pattern, and a corticotropin sensitive complex associated with an irregular, unorganized EEG pattern). PMID- 3239694 TI - Blink reflex in children with neurological disorders: analysis of ipsilateral early component R1 and late component R2. AB - The blink reflex was studied in 101 children with neurological disorders, especially with regard to alterations in the ipsilateral early component R1 and the late component R2. As a whole any kind of abnormality in the latency and/or amplitude of R1 or R2 was detectable in patients of cerebral, brainstem and peripheral lesions. There were neither specific findings with respect to localization of the lesions nor differences among each age group except for in patients of brainstem disorders. In the patients with increased intracranial pressure, the blink reflex sensitively reflected the high intracranial pressure. In motor impairment cases, even severely affected, the blink reflex was within normal range in late infancy. The blink reflex is influenced by the brain maturation, the underlying etiology and pathophysiology. R2 is more closely correlated with the clinical findings than R1. PMID- 3239695 TI - Growth and achievement of large- and small-headed children in a normal population. AB - Growth and school achievement were examined at regular intervals in the 926 children enrolled in the Prospective Longitudinal Study on the Development and Growth in Nagoya City, conducted from 1964 to 1981. Among these children, 10 had head circumferences of more than 2 standard deviations (SD) above the mean and 6 ones of less than 2 SD below the mean at least once in each infancy and adolescence. The heights and weights of the large-headed children were greater than the means, and those of the small-headed children lower than the means. These physical characteristics were already observable at birth. Achievement in primary and secondary schools over 9 years was excellent in 5 (50%) and average in the other 5 of the large-headed children, and average in 5 (80%) and poor in the other one of the small-headed children. Therefore, head size is correlated to both physical growth and school achievement. PMID- 3239696 TI - Can barbiturate anaesthesia cure infantile spasms? AB - Five patients with infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia and one with Lennox Gastaut syndrome were treated with brief thiopentone anaesthesia as the primary treatment of infantile spasms. Thiopentone (30 mg/kg) was given intravenously and burst suppression was reached in EEG in three patients by this dose. The results were disappointing. In three patients a transient beneficial effect on spasms and hypsarrhythmia was seen, but all patients relapsed. Three other patients had anaesthesia for surgery. The spasms ceased and hypsarrhythmia disappeared dramatically, and the effect was permanent. The possible mechanisms of the therapeutic effect are discussed. It seems advisable to give anaesthesia and surgery prior to steroid treatment in any case where the both are needed. PMID- 3239697 TI - Neurophysiological and neuropathological studies in two children with unusual form of multiple system degeneration: evidence for cerebellar and brainstem involvement. AB - Comparative neurophysiological and neuropathological studies were performed in two children who were found as a very rare multiple system degeneration (MSD) in brainstem and cerebellum. One young child suffered from both multiple system and retinal degeneration and another child had widespread multiple system degeneration associated with lipoprotein disorder and liver cirrhosis. The results of the neurophysiological studies indicated dysfunction of the brainstem and the peripheral nerves and were well correlated with the clinical course. CT studies showed progressive cerebellar atrophy. Since serial neurophysiological and CT studies were compatible with the neuropathological findings, the combination of these examinations seems to be quite valuable for understanding the pathogenesis and monitoring the progression of MSD in childhood. PMID- 3239698 TI - Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy associated with sensorineural hearing loss, tortuosity of retinal arterioles, and an early onset and rapid progression of respiratory failure. AB - Two sibling cases of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) are described. One was characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, marked tortuosity of retinal arterioles, an early onset and progression of severe restrictive-type pulmonary dysfunction, and cor pulmonale. The other had a mild course of FSHD without involvement of any other organ than muscles at the time of diagnosis. Recently, a new nosological entity of FSHD, with sensorineural hearing loss and tortuosity of retinal arterioles, was advocated. Our cases, especially the first case, seem to belong to this newly recognized entity of FSHD. Moreover, it is noteworthy that our first case exhibited rapid aggravation of severe restrictive-type respiratory failure and cor pulmonale, leading to death, which was never seen in any other reported cases. PMID- 3239699 TI - Ultrastructural muscle pathology in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. AB - Ultrastructural examination of muscle in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) revealed intramuscular cytoplasmic bodies, fibrous bodies and concentric laminated bodies. Although these intramuscular inclusions have been reported in various conditions and thus are considered to be non-specific changes, this is the first report of observing them in INAD. PMID- 3239700 TI - Intravenous injection of flunitrazepam for status epilepticus in children--two case reports. AB - Two cases of status epilepticus are reported, whose seizures responded well to the injection of flunitrazepam. One patient had generalized tonic clonic seizures and the other had partial seizures. The improvement of their condition was confirmed by both clinical and electroencephalographic examinations. There were no serious side effects observed. Flunitrazepam might have a potential efficacy for the treatment of status epilepticus of both generalized and partial seizures. PMID- 3239701 TI - Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease manifesting developmental disorder. PMID- 3239703 TI - The incidence and distribution of spinal metastases in children with posterior fossa medulloblastomas. AB - Myelography was performed postoperatively in 34 children with posterior fossa medulloblastomas. In 15 patients, there was myelographic evidence of intraspinal spread. This was more common in younger patients. The spread varied from a single nodule to extensive disease with spinal block. The lumbosacral canal was affected most often. Three patients with positive myelograms had negative cerebrospinal fluid cytology. Only one patient had symptoms referrable to the spine. PMID- 3239702 TI - Red cell size heterogeneity during ontogeny. AB - To determine the manner in which erythrocyte changes occur during ontogeny, several red cell parameters were analyzed in fetuses, newborn infants, children, and adults. Although mean cell volume (MCV) and hemoglobin F (HbF) levels decreased as expected during in utero development, the coefficient of variation of red cell size (%CV), or red cell distribution width (RDW), increased from fetuses to newborn infants. In normal adults, the %CV was 15 (RDW was 13). The %CV in fetuses at 18-24 weeks gestation was 18, and it was 21 at term birth. High values for %CV or RDW indicate significant anisocytosis. Erythropoiesis at the time of birth is not a steady-state condition. Erythrocytes of a wide variety of sizes are present, with the appearance of new small cells on a background of older, larger red cells. This increased anisocytosis suggests that these new erythrocytes do not appear to be due to a smooth, continuous evolution of red cell size, but rather to discrete, perhaps clonal, changes. PMID- 3239704 TI - Synergistic antiproliferative effects on HL-60 cells: deferoxamine enhances cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, and daunorubicin cytotoxicity. AB - Deferoxamine (DFO), a widely used therapeutic iron chelator, was found to inhibit proliferation of the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 in a dose-dependent fashion when tested in a clonogenic assay at concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 microM. Cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, and daunorubicin also produced dose-dependent inhibition of HL-60 colony growth when tested singly in vitro. When DFO, 1.0 microM, was included with each agent in dose-response studies, a synergistic enhancement of the antiproliferative effects was observed. This synergism probably results from a DFO-induced decrease in intracellular levels of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and an inhibition of the cells at the early S phase of cell cycle. Our data suggest that DFO has potential as an adjunctive antileukemic agent. PMID- 3239705 TI - The significance of an M2 bone marrow at cessation of chemotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The decision to cease chemotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is taken when clinical examination and investigations at the end of the predetermined treatment period show no evidence of residual disease. Since 1972, 11 children treated at this institution have not fulfilled the criteria for cessation of therapy in that they all had elevated blast counts in their bone marrows at "off-treatment" studies (i.e., an M2 marrow, defined as 5-25% blasts). Initially, the significance of this finding was not appreciated and the first child in this series received a further 2 years of chemotherapy. Subsequently the relevance of such an M2 marrow to remission status was questioned and the next 10 patients were simply observed and their bone marrows were reexamined after an interval of 4-12 weeks. Nine of these 11 remain in continuous complete remission with a follow-up of 5-15 years from diagnosis. It is postulated that this finding represents an immunologic rebound phenomenon and is not related to potential for later relapse. PMID- 3239706 TI - Kidney size at diagnosis of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: lack of prognostic significance for outcome. AB - The prognostic significance of kidney size at diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was assessed in a population of 142 children. Kidney size was determined using three different methodologies, and its significance was determined by univariate and multivariate life-table methods. Enlarged kidney size (as determined by any of the three methods used) was not associated with an overall poorer survival. These findings were consistent when kidney size at diagnosis was analyzed as a singled variable and when it was considered after adjustment for the known prognostic factors of age, sex, and initial WBC count. Assessment of renal size at the time of diagnosis of childhood ALL is not indicated for the purpose of predicting subsequent prognosis. PMID- 3239707 TI - The influence of corticosteroids on human erythropoiesis. An in vivo study. AB - Three groups of patients were studied to assess the effect of oral corticosteroid therapy on erythropoiesis in vivo as measured by changes in haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and red blood cell count (RBC). Fifteen patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, who were in remission and receiving pulses of vincristine and prednisone during maintenance chemotherapy, showed no rise in Hb or RBC with steroid therapy. Likewise, 15 patients completing chemotherapy for ALL did not show a rise in Hb or RBC after stopping treatment. However, 14 children with acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura demonstrated a significant increase in Hb and RBC during a course of treatment with prednisone. These findings complement the results of in vitro studies, indicating that erythropoiesis in normal human bone marrow is stimulated by corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 3239708 TI - Hemoglobin D-beta (0) thalassemia. A case report and family study. AB - Findings are presented on a Pakistani family in Doha, Qatar with hemoglobin D-Los Angeles (alpha 2 beta 3 121 (glutamine----glycine) and thalassemia trait. The propositus, a child, has hemoglobin D-beta(0) thalassemia, and suffers from moderately severe hemolytic anemia. The father has beta-thalassemia trait, and the mother is heterozygous for hemoglobin D-Los Angeles. This, the eighth confirmed case in the medical literature, is reported to emphasize its clinical manifestations and genetic basis. PMID- 3239709 TI - Acute monoblastic leukemia with osteosclerosis and extensive myelofibrosis. AB - A 4-month-old infant was admitted with a monoblastic infiltration of the skin associated with osteosclerosis. Both lesions spontaneously disappeared within a few months, but 2 years later, a monoblastic leukemia occurred that was associated with marked skin erythema and myelofibrosis. Skin and bone marrow specimens showed a monoblastic infiltration with numerous intermingled mast cells of normal appearance. Whether myelofibrosis was a feature of a systemic mastocytosis or of the leukemic process is discussed in this case. PMID- 3239710 TI - Vasoocclusion with homozygous hemoglobin-C disease. AB - Hemoglobin-CC is a relatively uncommon hemoglobinopathy, seen primarily in the black population. These patients usually have a mild clinical course, without significant risk of vasoocclusive crises. There are no routine recommendations for preparation prior to surgery. We present a patient who developed a clinical picture suggestive of major vasoocclusion after cardiac by-pass surgery. In retrospect, these signs appear to be the result of hemodynamic instability and cardiogenic shock instead of vasoocclusion. PMID- 3239711 TI - Severe protein C deficiency in a newborn. AB - An infant presented at birth with a cutaneous lesion that developed the characteristics of purpura fulminans. He sustained a cerebral infarction during the first 4 days of life, which was initially misinterpreted to be cerebral hemorrhage resulting from thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia. After the diagnosis of Protein C deficiency was made and effective replacement therapy begun, no further cutaneous lesions occurred. Although there was no evidence of further cerebral infarction, the initial insult progressed to severe encephalomalacia and cerebral atrophy. This disorder should be considered in infants with purpura fulminans or those with cerebral infarction, as prompt institution of transfusion therapy to replace the missing protein may prevent further damage. PMID- 3239712 TI - Spleen dysfunction in hemoglobinopathies determined by pitted red cells. AB - Splenic dysfunction measured by pitted red cells (pit) was studied in hemoglobinopathies (SS-, SC-, and S beta-type thalassemias and CC-type hemoglobinopathy) in relation to age, in steady state, and during certain significant events. Our experience revealed that the pit count rose with age during steady state in most children with SS disease. A marked increase in pit count was noted in patients with CC disease. The pit count in four patients with S beta+ thalassemia remained normal (i.e., less than 3.5%) at all ages. In children with homozygous SS disease tested at the time of pneumococcal sepsis, the pit count was universally elevated. The pit count was in the normal range in one child with SS disease and osteomyelitis but was elevated in all others. All children had normal pit counts (less than 3.5%) at the onset of acute splenic sequestration crisis, and the counts remained normal during transfusion therapy. No correlation was detected between the pit count and the size of the spleen in patients under 1 year of age. PMID- 3239713 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in sickle cell patients. AB - Assessment of the bone marrow in sickle cell patients with or without pain crises can be accomplished using a variety of imaging techniques. Conventional radiography is the least sensitive of all imaging modalities in the early stages of the bone marrow infarct. Radionuclide imaging using 99mTc sulfur colloid shows sharply demarcated photon-deficient regions that are slow to resolve. Cumulative exposure to ionizing radiation would be of concern if repeated examinations with conventional x-rays and radionuclides were carried out. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique that differentiates the bone marrow of sickle cell patients from that of normal controls. Furthermore, at least in some patients, acute tissue changes can be detected during early stages of pain crises using magnetic resonance. Further investigations are necessary to optimize the use of MRI in sickle cell patients with pain crises. PMID- 3239714 TI - Methyl acetyl phosphate, a new type of antisickling agent: site-specific acetylating agent toward the 2,3-DPG binding site in hemoglobin S. AB - Methyl acetyl phosphate inhibits the sickling of erythrocytes in vitro. Its mechanism of action is through the selective acetylation of some of the amino groups at the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) binding site of the hemoglobin molecule. Only 3 of a total 24 amino groups per alpha beta-dimer of hemoglobin are reactive. These groups are Val-1, Lys-82, and Lys-144 on the beta-chain of hemoglobin. None of the groups on the alpha-chain are acetylated. Acetylated hemoglobin S has an increased solubility as well as a reduced ability to bind to 2,3-DPG. Methyl acetyl phosphate is able to penetrate the erythrocyte membrane and successfully acetylate intracellular hemoglobin S without causing cell lysis. Sickle erythrocytes treated with methyl acetyl phosphate maintain an oxy-like profile of cell density distribution in a phthalate ester gradient. The oxygen binding property of erythrocytes after the treatment with methyl acetyl phosphate is not changed significantly from that of untreated cells. Our in vitro results indicate that further preclinical testing of methyl acetyl phosphate in sickle cell anemia is warranted. PMID- 3239716 TI - Nevus sebaceus is associated with unusual neoplasms. An atlas. PMID- 3239715 TI - The histologic spectrum of prepuces from patients with phimosis. AB - Histologic examination of the prepuces removed from 78 consecutive patients with phimosis was performed during a 2-year period. In 15 cases (14.2%), the typical changes of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) were found. A different, distinct histologic pattern of fibrosis was noticed in six patients (7.7%). Clinically, the two conditions were indistinguishable and presented as severe, nonretractable phimosis. The largest group of the patients (46.2%) had histologically normal prepuces, but clinically they too had severe phimosis. Since phimosis especially in young boys may regress spontaneously, and since on the other hand LSA may evolve into squamous cell carcinoma, we conclude that treatment of phimosis should be planned according to its histologic pattern and not according to its monotonous clinical appearance. PMID- 3239717 TI - Melanophagic dermatitis and panniculitis. A condition revealing an occult metastatic malignant melanoma. AB - A 32-year-old woman had a dozen slate-blue cutaneous macules of recent onset. Histologic examination of multiple skin biopsies revealed melanophagic dermatitis and panniculitis accompanying a few occult metastases of malignant melanoma. The primary site of the neoplasm remained undiscovered. The pathogenesis of melanophagic dermatitis and panniculitis is presumably related to the spontaneous regression of metastases. PMID- 3239718 TI - Squamous-cell carcinoma of the scalp arising in lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus. AB - Squamous-cell carcinoma may arise in scars of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Although there have been 19 cases reported previously, detailed histopathologic features of this entity have not been recorded. We report a patient with extensive chronic discoid lupus erythematosus involving the scalp with subsequent development of multiple squamous-cell carcinomas. The tumors were locally aggressive with recurrences and invasion into the underlying skull and dura. The patient died of respiratory failure 4 1/2 years after initial surgical treatment. There was no clinical evidence of metastasis. Squamous carcinoma arising in discoid lupus erythematosus can be regarded as a low-grade carcinoma. Although about 20% of patients developed local recurrences and metastasis developed in about 30%, fatality occurred in only two patients (10.5%). Pertinent literature is reviewed, and the histopathologic findings, differential diagnosis, and biologic behavior of this tumor are discussed. PMID- 3239719 TI - Psoriasis in an epidermal cyst. An inside and outside Koebner phenomenon? PMID- 3239720 TI - Disease and medicine in idiom and proverb. PMID- 3239721 TI - Verruciform xanthoma of the lip: two lesions in a woman. PMID- 3239722 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate metastatic to the skin. PMID- 3239723 TI - Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia. AB - Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia is not fundamentally a hyperplasia of epidermal epithelium, but rather a hyperplasia of adnexal epithelia, namely, of follicular infundibula and eccrine ducts. All examples of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia are responses to an underlying inflammatory or neoplastic process. That process can usually be discerned beneath the pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia in the biopsy specimen. Application of criteria that pertain mostly to architectural pattern (silhouette) enables pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia to be differentiated histopathologically from squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 3239724 TI - [Instrumental monitoring of anesthesia]. PMID- 3239725 TI - [Instrumental monitoring in anesthesia. Results of a rapid electronic data processing survey at the time of the 1987 Central European Congress in Munich]. AB - During the ZAK 1987 in Munich we performed a poll concerning monitoring during anaesthesia. 200 questionnaires could be evaluated. A majority of 2/3 rd monitored regularly blood pressure, ECG, FiO2, minute ventilation and ventilation pressure. These quantities were monitored independent of a presumably increasing anaesthesia risk associated with three clinical cases. Only blood pressure and ECG were considered as mandatory by a majority of 2/3 rd. Monitoring variables related more to the anaesthesia machine lide FiO2, minute ventilation, and ventilation pressure did not reach a 2/3 re majority. 78% detected at least once in their business life time a life threatening complication by monitoring devices earlier than by so called clinical signs. EEG and capnometer were the most frequent quoted monitors. Monitoring of neuromuscular blockade and intraoperative awareness was considered as a relevant problem only by 22%. 20% agreed to additional monitoring on the general ward while 2/3 rd disagreed. PMID- 3239726 TI - [Alarms of medical-technical equipment in the surgical intensive care unit. A prospective study]. AB - To test the need for a graded system of alarms on ICU we examined this aspect of present management by recording the number of devices and alarm-releasing facilities, the interpretation of alarms and type of response of the nursing staff. The data were recorded on multiphase basis at the operative ICU of a university hospital. The mean number of devices per patient was 4.3 and per room 11.5. The mean interval between 2 alarms was 5 min 30 s. In more than 50 per cent the first reaction of the staff was alarm-related. We conclude that the number of alarm signals should be reduced and unique signals used for each group of medical devices. PMID- 3239727 TI - [Effect of glycopyrrolate and atropine on the behavior of heart rate and pH value of gastric juice during microlaryngoscopies]. AB - In a prospective study a total of 51 patients were given either a premedication with atropine (10 micrograms/kg) (n = 17), with glyopyrrolate (5 micrograms/kg) (n = 15) or no anticholinergic premedication (n = 19). In the group of patients premedicated with glycopyrrolate the pH levels of the gastric juice were more often above 2.50 than in the group without anticholinergic premedication (p less than 0.05). During the microlaryngoscopic interventions there was a trend to fewer A-node rhythms or bradycardias in the group premedicated with glycopyrrolate than in the other groups. Reduction of salivary gland secretion by anticholinergics made intervention easier. Glycopyrrolate has advantages over atropine as far as the induction of anaesthesia for microlaryngoscopic interventions is concerned. PMID- 3239728 TI - [Repeated injection of atracurium for muscle relaxation in abdominal surgery]. AB - 21 patients selected for abdominal surgery received intravenously after initiation of neuroleptic analgesia for intubation, 0.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) of atracurium. Relaxation was maintained by repeat doses of 0.2 mg/kg BW atracurium. Both the time of intubation and the time of giving the repeat dose depended on the electromyographically measured stimulus response to supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve (Datex-NTM, "Train-of-Four" stimulation). Intubation was effected at maximal inhibition of stimulus response, on the average after 195 +/- 90 sec. The duration of clinical efficacy was 33 +/- 8 min on the average, the recovery index 13 +/- 7 min and the duration of the full effect 54 +/- 6 min. The repeat doses were administered as soon as stimulus response recovered to 25% of the original value. Up to a cumulative total dose of 1.5 mg/kg BW atracurium no extension of the duration of clinical efficacy and of the full effect was seen, but there was a prolongation of the recovery index. The "Train-of-Four" quotient during recovery of relaxation was independent of the cumulative total dose. In the dosage levels described here, atracurium hardly exercised any action on pulse rate and blood pressure. PMID- 3239729 TI - [The behavior of intracranial pressure and intracranial compliance in nifedipine induced hypotension]. AB - The influence of nifedipine induced hypotension on intracranial pressure (ICP) and intracranial compliance (ICC) was investigated in dogs without (group I, n = 8) and with (group II, n = 8) intracranial hypertension. ICP in group II was raised by gradual inflation of an epidurally placed balloon catheter. A volume pressure-response curve (VPR) was established before and during the administration of nifedipine. In group II dogs angiotensin was infused before and during infusion of nifedipine in a dose sufficient to raise mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 30-40 mm Hg. An infusion of nifedipine (2 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) subsequent to a bolus injection of nifedipine (10 micrograms X kg-1) resulted in a significant and sustained decrease in MAP (p less than 0.05) by 25% and 35% resp. due to a significant reduction in total peripheral resistance (p less than 0.05). ICP increased from 8.7 +/- 3.0 mm Hg to a maximum of 12.5 +/- 5.2 mm Hg in group I animals (p less than 0.05) and from 19.8 +/- 2.6 mm Hg to 24.8 +/- 7.2 mm Hg not significantly in group II dogs. The pressure-volume-index revealed a slight reduction of ICC in group I and a slight increase of ICC in group II resp. during nifedipine as compared to before nifedipine. When angiotensin was being administered in group II dogs before nifedipine was given, MAP increased by 40 +/- 5.8 mm Hg while ICP did not change significantly (+2 +/- 2.4 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239732 TI - [A new device for measuring blood pressure]. PMID- 3239730 TI - [The equilibrium of nitrogen, potassium and phosphate and renal excretion of creatinine and creatinine over the course of 3 weeks following severe trauma]. AB - In 19 patients after accidental trauma and with intact renal function during an observation time of 21 days we found a cumulated negative balance of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potassium (K) amounting to a mean of 214g, 357 and 447 mmol, respectively. Median daily potassium balance was positive on day 2 to 5 and this was interpreted as an increased extrarenal potassium deposition due to increased levels of circulating catecholamines. Median renal creatinine excretion was about 120% of predicted normal till day 10 and continuously decreased thereafter to values lower than predicted normal. Three patients did not show creatinuria (greater than 200 mg/day) during the whole observation time. In 15 patients after a "free interval" with a mean duration of 7 days creatinuria frequently developed rather quickly and maximal excretion of creatine was as high as 4 g/day. In 7 patients creatinuria persisted to the end of the 21 days observation time. During the phase of creatinuria the median cumulated excretion of creatine amounted to 14.4 g. The "free interval" of creatinuria after severe trauma is remarkable. Most of the N, K and P, which is lost from the body during this time obviously stems from tissues other than sceletal muscle. During the phase of creatinuria, however, the negative balance of N, K and P seems to be mainly due to muscle wasting. Hypophosphatemia was prominent during the first 5 days after trauma and obviously was caused by a decrease in renal phosphate threshold (TmPO4/GFR). The underlying mechanism of this primary change in renal function after severe trauma could not yet be identified. PMID- 3239731 TI - [Deep accidental hypothermia (24 degrees C). A case report]. AB - A 65 year old female patient was submitted to the ICU in deep accidental hypothermia, due to lying in cold water after intoxication with Melperon. Body temperature after submission was 24 degrees C; therefore rewarming was done by an extracorporal bypass. After successful rewarming, the further posttraumatic course was free of complications and the patient could be discharged 14 days after the event. PMID- 3239733 TI - Nursing Practice in the 21st Century. PMID- 3239734 TI - The evolution of alternative delivery systems: what will be nursing's role? PMID- 3239736 TI - Economics and nursing care. PMID- 3239737 TI - Structuring and financing of community health services. PMID- 3239735 TI - Implications of an aging population. PMID- 3239738 TI - Transition from institutional to home and ambulatory care. PMID- 3239739 TI - Health: business and industry. PMID- 3239740 TI - Empower the nurse: a time for renewal. PMID- 3239741 TI - Nursing Practice in the 21st Century. Summary and recommendations. PMID- 3239742 TI - Nurses in private practice: characteristics, organizational arrangements, and reimbursement policy. PMID- 3239743 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of 32P-postlabeled DNA-aromatic carcinogen adducts. AB - The technique of 32P postlabeling of DNA-carcinogen adducts is a useful and extremely sensitive method of detecting and quantitating DNA damage by carcinogens. We have adapted the 32P method to analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography, making the procedure more rapid and convenient than when thin layer chromatography is used. Following DNA isolation and hydrolysis, nucleotide carcinogen adducts are enhanced relative to normal nucleotides by solvent extraction and then labeled with high-specific-activity [gamma-32P]ATP. The resulting 32P-postlabeled nucleotides are resolved by reverse-phase ion-pair HPLC. After as little as 3 h of exposure to carcinogens, DNA adducts can be demonstrated from 1 microgram or less of mouse hepatic DNA. Acetylated and nonacetylated adducts can be resolved from hepatic DNA of mice treated with 2 aminofluorene. Differences in DNA damage as measured by adduct formation were demonstrated between "rapid" and "slow" acetylator mouse strains. Rapid acetylator C57BL/6J mice had three times the amount of hepatic DNA adducts as slow-acetylator A/J mice 3 h after a 60 mg/kg dose of 2-aminofluorene. 4 Aminobiphenyl and 2-naphthylamine each showed an adduct peak with retention time similar to that of the nonacetylated 2-aminofluorene adduct, while benzidine gave a major adduct that eluted somewhat earlier as would be expected for an acetylated adduct. The alkenylbenzenes, safrole and methyleugenol, also formed DNA adducts detectable by this method. DNA prepared from skin of mice painted with benzo[a]pyrene also contained carcinogen-DNA adducts detectable and resolvable by HPLC analysis following 32P postlabeling. The combination of HPLC with 32P postlabeling appears to be a useful technique for the rapid detection and quantitation of DNA damage caused by several classes of aromatic carcinogens. PMID- 3239744 TI - The orientation of DNA fragments in the agarose gels. AB - A microscopic method of measuring the orientation of nucleic acids in the agarose gels is described. A nucleic acid undergoing electrophoresis is stained with the dye ethidium bromide and is viewed under high magnification with a polarization microscope. A high-numerical-aperture microscope objective is used to illuminate and to collect the fluorescence signal, and therefore the orientation of the minute quantities of nucleic-acid can be measured: in a typical experiment we can detect the orientation of one-tenth of a picogram (10(13)g) of DNA. Polarization properties of the fluorescent light emitted by the separate bands corresponding to different molecular weights of the DNA are examined. A linear dichroism equation relates the measured fluorescence to the mean orientation of the absorption dipole of the ethidium bromide (and therefore DNA) and to the extent to which it is disorganized. As an example, we measured the orientation of phi X174 DNA RF/HaeIII fragments undergoing electrophoresis in a field of 10 V/cm. Ethidium bromide bound to the fragments with an angle of the absorption dipole largely perpendicular to the direction of the electrophoretic current. The dichroism declined as the molecular weight of the fragments decreased which is interpreted as an increase in the degree of disorder for shorter DNA. PMID- 3239745 TI - Mass spectrometric evaluation of synthetic peptides for deletions and insertions. AB - A new technique to evaluate methods for the synthesis of peptides was developed. It is based on the identification and quantitation of peptide by-products by mass spectrometry. Model oligopeptides containing 10 or 20 alanine residues were synthesized by automated solid phase methods using a variety of protocols, and the levels of deletion and insertion peptides were measured by the 252Cf fission fragment ionization time-of-flight spectrometric technique in which the total, unfractionated, synthetic product was deposited on a film of nitrocellulose and analyzed. The introduction of D-alanine at every third residue of the model eliminated peptide conformation problems that led to incomplete reactions in the all L model. Couplings with preformed symmetrical anhydrides in dimethylformamide gave rise to significant levels of both deletion peptides and insertion peptides. The best of the protocols examined was a double coupling of tert-butyloxycarbonyl alanine by in situ activation with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in dichloromethane. [D-Ala3,6,9,12,15,18]Ala20-Val was synthesized with an average deletion of only 0.036% per step and an average insertion of only 0.029% per step, which is equivalent to a stepwise yield of 99.93% for the target peptide. PMID- 3239746 TI - A technique for monitoring mammalian cell growth and inhibition in situ via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. AB - A single culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells was grown on germanium attenuated total reflectance (ATR) crystals and continuously monitored in situ via ATR/Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for approximately 60 h. The cells were seeded into a specially designed flow cell which controlled physiological conditions, flow rate, and addition of growth medium or metabolic inhibitors. Infrared spectra were taken at 20-min intervals until a confluent monolayer was formed. Several strong bands are evident in the spectra which can be generally ascribed to molecular features of cellular components. Cell growth kinetics were measured as a function of infrared band intensity over time and exhibited the normal lag phase, logarithmic growth, and stationary phase on reaching confluence. Spectra of growing cells, normalized to the area under the spectral region 1800-1000 cm-1, were subtracted from reference spectra of confluent cells at 60 h. Difference spectra showed that the largest differences were observed between confluent cells and cells in early growth stages. Differences may reflect cell morphological changes, biochemical activity, and degree of ATR crystal exposure to the bulk medium. ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy of living Chinese hamster ovary cells was also used in a toxicological study to monitor the effects of hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Delayed growth was observed in the cell growth curve of the hydroxyurea-treated cells during the course of treatment as compared to the control culture. PMID- 3239747 TI - EZ-FIT: a practical curve-fitting microcomputer program for the analysis of enzyme kinetic data on IBM-PC compatible computers. AB - EZ-FIT, an interactive microcomputer software package, has been developed for the analysis of enzyme kinetic and equilibrium binding data. EZ-FIT was designed as a user-friendly menu-driven package that has the facility for data entry, editing, and filing. Data input permits the conversion of cpm, dpm, or optical density to molar per minute per milligram protein. Data can be fit to any of 14 model equations including Michaelis-Menten, Hill, isoenzyme, inhibition, dual substrate, agonist, antagonist, and modified integrated Michaelis-Menten. The program uses the Nelder-Mead simplex and Marquardt nonlinear regression algorithms sequentially. A report of the results includes the parameter estimates with standard errors, a Student t test to determine the accuracy of the parameter values, a Runs statistic test of the residuals, identification of outlying data, an Akaike information criterion test for goodness-of-fit, and, when the experimental variance is included, a chi 2 statistic test for goodness-of-fit. Several different graphs can be displayed: an X-Y, a Scatchard, an Eadie-Hofstee, a Lineweaver-Burk, a semilogarithmic, and a residual plot. A data analysis report and graphs are designed to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the data to a particular model. PMID- 3239748 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for hyaluronate using cartilage proteoglycan and an antibody to keratan sulfate. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to measure hyaluronate concentrations in biological samples. The assay is based on the aggregation of hyaluronate with cartilage proteoglycan monomer, followed by binding of a monoclonal antibody to the keratan sulfate on the proteoglycan. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 ng hyaluronate/ml of either serum or conditioned cell culture medium. The coefficient of variability was between 10 and 20%. Hyaluronate added to samples was recovered quantitatively and digestion of cell culture medium with protease did not affect the concentration of hyaluronate. Hyaluronate polysaccharides as small as a decasaccharide can be measured. This sensitive and convenient assay can be used for measuring large numbers of biological samples from a variety of animal and tissue sources. PMID- 3239749 TI - High-performance anion-exchange chromatography of oligosaccharides using pellicular resins and pulsed amperometric detection. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography using pellicular quaternary amine-bonded resins was used to separate a variety of neutral, sialylated, and phosphorylated oligosaccharides. At pH 4.6, sialylated compounds were separated according to number of negative charges, sialic acid linkage [alpha(2,3) compared to alpha(2,6)], and position of sialic acid linkage along a linear saccharide chain. At pH 13, the neutral sugar portion of the sialylated chain had a significant effect on the separation, due to oxyanion formation. Specifically, sialylated tetrasaccharides containing the Gal beta(1,3)GlcNAc sequence were retained much more than their Gal beta(1,4)GlcNAc- or Gal-beta(1,4)GalNAc-sialylated counterparts. Linear phosphorylated oligosaccharides could be completely separated according to number of charges and net carbohydrate content. Partial separation of linear-chain positional isomers, differing in either location of Man-6-PO4 in the chain or linkage position of Man or Man-6-PO4, was accomplished. Branched-chain phosphorylated compounds could be completely separated according to which antennae contained the Man-6-PO4. The electrochemical current generated by oxidation of sialylated, phosphorylated, and neutral oligosaccharides was compared to that of a glucose. The relative molar response factors for neutral, sialylated, and phosphorylated oligosaccharides ranged from 0.2 to 3.2. Neutral oligosaccharides gave the following molar responses for each group of structurally related compounds: (1) mono- and disaccharide, 1-1.3; (2) linear tri and tetrasaccharides, 1.5-2.0; and (3) branched pentasaccharide-nonasaccharides, 2.4-3.1. Response factors for the sialyated compounds were not as consistent and were affected by linkage position of sialic acid. For oligosaccharides of the same size, increasing phosphorylation resulted in a twofold decrease in response factor for each added phosphate group. Therefore, conversion of sialylated and phosphorylated oligosaccharides to their neutral counterparts, using alkaline phosphatase or neuraminidase, respectively, was required for quantitative analysis of oligosaccharide mixtures using electrochemical response. Using this approach, complete separation of the parent neutral structures was obtained, the relative proportions of the neutral species were quantified, and the amount of sialic acid released was easily determined in a neuraminidase digest. PMID- 3239750 TI - Fluorophore-labeled ether lipids: substrates for enzymes of the platelet activating factor cycle in peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Cell-free preparations of ionophore-stimulated peritoneal rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) incubated with 1-(N-dansyl-11-amino-1-undecyl)-sn-glycerol-3 phosphorylcholine (dansyllyso-PAF) converted this fluorescent lyso ether lipid into two different classes of products. In the absence of acetyl-CoA 1-(N-dansyl 11-amino-1-undecyl)-2-long chain acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine (dansylalkyl-2-acyl-GPC) was the only identified new fluorescent phospholipid. In the presence of acetyl-CoA an additional new product, 1-(N-dansyl-11-amino-1 undecyl)-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine (dansyl-PAF), was formed. The formation of dansyl-PAF in PMN homogenates was only transient with a maximum after about 4 min. When PMN homogenates were incubated with dansyl-PAF the formation of dansyllyso-PAF was observed prior to the formation of dansyl-2-acyl GPC. Thus, our data indicate that enzymatically formed dansyl-PAF is completely remodeled into dansylalkyl-2-acyl-GPC by the sequential action of PAF acetylhydrolase and CoA-independent transacylase. These results demonstrate that peritoneal rat PMNs contain lyso-PAF acetyltransferase, PAF acetylhydrolase, and CoA-independent transacylase and that fluorophore-labeled ether lipids provide an easy means to assay enzymes which catalyze important enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis and remodeling of platelet-activating factor. PMID- 3239751 TI - A simple method for DNA purification from peripheral blood. AB - A new, simple, and inexpensive method for the rapid isolation of DNA from whole blood is described. Cell nuclei are prepared by lysis of cytoplasmic membranes and DNA within the nuclear pellet is dispersed with guanidine isothiocyanate and precipitated with isopropanol. DNA prepared in this way restricts completely and results in low backgrounds of nonspecific hybridization after Southern analysis. The yields of DNA are similar to those obtained by more tedious traditional procedures. Numerous genomic DNA samples can be prepared from whole blood in 2 h, thus facilitating gene linkage or other molecular studies in which large numbers of individuals are required. PMID- 3239752 TI - Preparation of human cord sera for enzymatic triglyceride assays: removal of free glycerol by ultrafiltration. AB - Enzymatic triglyceride assays that generate glycerol from triglycerides as a part of the enzymatic process in quantitating serum triglyceride levels give elevated values when external free glycerol is present. Our objective was to develop an ultrafiltration technique that would remove exogenous and/or endogenous free glycerol from small aliquots of human cord sera so that accurate serum triglyceride values could be obtained with the commercially available triglyceride assay kits. Exogenous glycerol was completely removed from cord sera when the samples were washed twice with saline in Amicon Centricon-30 microconcentrators. This ultrafiltration technique lowered cord serum triglyceride levels significantly (P less than 0.001), but had no effect on cord total serum cholesterol levels. A comparison of washed and unwashed cord sera by either polyacrylamide or agarose gel electrophoresis indicated that the serum protein and lipoprotein profiles were not altered by the ultrafiltration process. PMID- 3239753 TI - Determination of malonaldehyde in oxidized lipids by the Hantzsch fluorometric method. AB - Malonaldehyde is a secondary product formed during lipid oxidation. We developed a sensitive and reliable Hantzsch fluorometric method for determination of malonaldehyde in oxidized lipids. The principle of the method is based on the formation of highly fluorescent 1,4-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5 dicarbaldehyde MI by reaction of malonaldehyde, methylamine, and acetaldehyde under neutral conditions. Compound MI formed could be estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. Free malonaldehyde, that liberated under neutral conditions (labile forms) and that liberated by acid pretreatment (acid labile forms), could be determined by use of the calibration curves of MI versus malonaldehyde sodium salt. Oxidized methyl linoleate with a peroxide value of 1600 neq/mg contained 0.95 (free and labile) and 1.3 nmol (acid labile) malonaldehyde/mg, oxidized sardine oil with a peroxide value of 640 neq/mg contained 1.1 (free and labile) and 3.0 nmol (acid labile) malonaldehyde/mg, and the lipid fraction of oxidized rat liver microsomes contained less than 0.2 (free and labile) and 0.8 nmol (acid labile) malonaldehyde/mg. The malonaldehyde contents were much lower than those obtained by traditional 2-thiobarbituric acid test. It appears likely that the malonaldehyde contents, both free and labile, and acid labile forms, in oxidized lipids are too low to be taken into account. PMID- 3239754 TI - An automated alkaline elution system: DNA damage induced by 1,2-dibromo-3 chloropropane in vivo and in vitro. AB - An automated alkaline elution system for the detection of DNA damage has been developed. After manual application of samples, which is completed within 5 min, the subsequent supply of liquids, changes in flow rates, and temperature are controlled automatically. The system operates 16 filters and may easily be expanded. The sensitivity of the fluorometric DNA determinations with the Hoechst 33258 dye is increased by using an elution buffer (20 mM Na2EDTA, pH 12.50) with low background fluorescence. DNA is determined using an automated setup similar to the one recently presented by Sterzel et al. (1985, Anal. Biochem. 147, 462 467). The most significant modification is the use of a neutralization buffer which allows variations in the pH of eluted fractions. This change increases the sensitivity of the DNA measurements. The automated alkaline elution system was evaluated using the nematocide 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in a study of its genotoxic effects in the testes and the kidneys. Significant DNA damage was induced in testicular cells by 2.5 microM DBCP (1 h) in vitro and 85 mumol/kg DBCP ip (3 h) in vivo. The damage appeared after short treatment times (10 min in vivo). Variations in the observed DBCP response in vivo were largely due to interanimal variations. The automated alkaline elution system proved to be a sensitive assay also for the detection of DNA damage in kidney nuclei prepared from rats exposed to DBCP. Provided that kidney nuclei from untreated rats, mice, or hamster were kept ice-cold until lysing, 85-100% of their DNA was retained after 16 h of elution, indicating highly intact DNA. Under the same conditions, guinea pig DNA was rapidly degraded unless the nuclei were prepared in a buffer with a higher concentration of Na2EDTA (20 mM). PMID- 3239755 TI - Identification of phosphorylation sites in peptides using a gas-phase sequencer. AB - A simple procedure is described for determining the location of phosphorylation sites in phosphopeptides. The method employs measurement of 32P-labeled inorganic phosphate release during Edman degradation cycles using a gas-phase sequencer. The procedure is based on extracting peptides and inorganic phosphate from portions of the sample filter at strategic cycles in the sequence analysis followed by determination of the relative amounts of phosphate and phosphopeptide. One advantage of this technique is the very high recovery of the phosphate associated with the peptide, 80-97% in this study. In the course of this work, it was also found that phosphoserine residues themselves caused reduced efficiency of the Edman degradation as compared with unesterified serine residues. The present procedure has the merit of being simple and easy to apply. PMID- 3239756 TI - Separation of lipid-free egg yolk proteins by high-pressure liquid chromatography using solvents containing formic acid. AB - A method for obtaining total protein patterns from lipid-containing systems, in particular egg yolk, is described. After dispersion of the yolk in 8 M guanidine hydrochloride solution, lipid is removed by extraction with chloroform-methanol and petrol. The protein solution is applied to a high-pressure liquid chromatograph and eluted with a gradient of formic acid, isopropanol, and acetonitrile. In measurements on a known yolk protein, duck apovitellenin I, the method did not cause irreversible formylation of N-terminal or other residues. The method was used (1) to compare protein patterns of whole yolk from hen and quail eggs; (2) to isolate and partially sequence quail apovitellenin I; and (3) to compare protein patterns of "white yolk" and "yellow yolk." PMID- 3239757 TI - Isolation of plasma membranes from cultured glioma cells and application to evaluation of membrane sphingomyelin turnover. AB - A rapid and reliable method for the isolation of plasma membranes and microsomes of high purity and yield from cultured glioma cells is described. The procedure involves disruption by N2 cavitation, preliminary separation by centrifugation in Tricine buffer, and final separation on a gradient formed from 40% Percoll at pH 9.3. Enzyme and chemical markers indicated greater than 60% yield with six- to eightfold enrichment for plasma membranes and greater than 25% yield with three- to fourfold enrichment for a microsomal fraction consisting mainly of endoplasmic reticulum. The final fractions were obtained with high reproducibility in less than 1 h from the time of cell harvesting. Application of this procedure to human fibroblasts in culture is assessed. The isolation procedure was applied to investigations of synthesis and turnover of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine in plasma membranes of glioma cells following incubation for 4-24 h with [methyl 3H]choline. These studies indicated that radioactivity from phosphatidylcholine synthesized in microsomes from exogenous choline may serve as a precursor of the head-group of sphingomyelin accumulating in the plasma membrane. PMID- 3239759 TI - Micromethods in single muscle fibers. 1. Determination of catalase and superoxide dismutase. AB - Methods have been developed for the measurements of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in single, isolated muscle fibers. These fibers are also classified according to fiber type. Catalase is determined using a fluorescent method for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide consumed. SOD measurements are carried out using a modification of established techniques whereby the inhibition of oxidation of epinephrine by SOD is assayed fluorometrically. Both enzymes may be determined in submicrogram samples of dried muscle. This approach avoids the complication of the inclusion of nonmuscle tissue with varying enzymatic activities which is frequently experienced when using homogenates of muscle, particularly diseased muscle. In addition, these techniques can be used to determine the inherent variation in SOD and catalase activities within individual fibers of the same fiber type. The Km and Vmax for catalase, determined using homogenates of human muscle, were found to be 12 mM and 1.45 mumol/min/mg dry wt, respectively. Catalase of muscle was inhibited 50% by 2 microM sodium azide. Mn SOD contributes less than one-fifth of the total SOD activity. Therefore the activity is largely due to the Cu-Zn form of SOD. These methods are applicable to a wide variety of tissues. PMID- 3239758 TI - A small scale procedure for the isolation of transport competent vesicles from plant tissues. AB - A microscale method for the isolation of selectively sealed microsomal membrane fractions from plant tissue is presented. The method is based on differential centrifugation in a table top microcentrifuge to accommodate small sample size (10-25 g tissue) and the addition of KI or KCl in the homogenization medium for isolating selectively sealed plasma membrane or tonoplast vesicles. This microscale procedure was found to be useful in isolating membranes from red beet (Beta vulgaris) storage tissue, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) storage tissue, corn (Zea mays) roots, and soybean (Glycine max) roots. This paper also describes the ability to further purify an enriched red beet plasma membrane fraction on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient, in a microcentrifuge, that is highly competent in ATP-dependent H+-transport. The speed and wide applicability of this procedure make it ideal when a large number of samples need to be processed. PMID- 3239760 TI - Micromethods in single muscle fibers. 2. Determination of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. AB - This paper extends the previous study for systems which control intracellular oxidative events in muscle and describes procedures suitable to assay glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) after fiber typing of individual muscle fibers. In human skeletal muscle, both GR and GSHPx activities were relatively low when compared to those of other tissue. No difference was found among fiber types (I, IIA, and IIB) with regard to GR activity, but in contrast GSHPx activity was significantly lower in type IIB fibers than in the other types. These results suggest that type IIB fibers may have a reduced ability to cope with hydroperoxides generated during oxidative stress, which, in turn, could lead to increased damage to membrane structures by lipid peroxidation or oxidation of sensitive intracellular thiol (-SH) enzymes by hydrogen peroxide. The Km of skeletal muscle GR for GSSG was 27 microM and for NADPH was 22 microM. If one assumes approximately 95% of total glutathione is present in the reduced state, then GSSG concentration would be of the order of 0.3 mmol/kg and under these conditions skeletal muscle GR would be efficient in all muscle fiber types. PMID- 3239761 TI - Electrophoretic properties of human IgG and its subclasses on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblots. AB - Unreduced human immunoglobulin G (IgG) which was not aggregated showed anomalous apparent molecular masses on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). It migrated mainly as three distinct bands with apparent molecular masses from 190 to 240 kDa on gels containing 8% polyacrylamide, when denatured at 37 degrees C. Generation of this banding pattern has two reasons: (a) the pattern is a superposition of bands originating from the four IgG subclasses that differ in molecular masses and structures; and (b) the complexity of the band pattern is further increased, because IgG myeloma proteins of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclass migrated as doublets, while IgG3 and IgG4 formed primarily one band with slightly different apparent molecular masses. These properties were independent of the type of light chain in all myeloma proteins studied. Generation of doublets suggests heterogeneities of monoclonal proteins. The two separable protein populations from IgG1 differ in their susceptibility to reduction. Reduction at 37 degrees C cleaved the larger into heavy and light chain, while it generated heavy chain dimer and light chain from the smaller species. Hence, it is possible that monoclonal IgG1 are comprised of at least two subpopulations of molecules with different S-S bonds. Doublet formation of IgG2 remains unexplained, since both species were equally sensitive to reduction. Knowledge on the anomalous properties of IgG on SDS-PAGE is a prerequisite to run immunoblots from unreduced cellular antigens without confounding cell-associated IgG with cellular antigens. PMID- 3239762 TI - Identification of microinjected cells using biotinylated antibodies and Strep avidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase. AB - Results from experiments using needle microinjection of cells are often compromised by an inability to readily demonstrate which cells within a population have been injected. The technique described here allows the unambiguous identification of cells that have been successfully microinjected. Sequential incubation of fixed cells with biotinylated anti-immunoglobulin antibodies, followed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated Strep-avidin and HRP substrate, provides a sensitive assay for identification of cells containing trace amounts of immunoglobulins. This allows direct correlation to the presence of injected molecules of effects on cell morphology, the ability to enter into DNA synthesis, or expression of specific genes. By a variety of criteria, nonspecific immunoglobulins do not adversely affect cellular processes when injected by themselves or in the presence of other proteins known to have biological effects when injected, such as cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the ras oncogene protein. PMID- 3239763 TI - Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis: a sequence-based screening. AB - A procedure to screen for mutant clones obtained by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis has been developed. It is based on the preparation of phage containing supernatants from a number (100 or more) of randomly chosen mutagenized M13 plaques. Aliquots from these supernatants are mixed to obtain pools, each containing 10 phages. Heterogeneous single-stranded DNA is prepared from these pools and used as template in a "single letter" sequence according to the dideoxy chain terminator method. Thus, the pool(s) containing the mutated sequence and the mutated sequence itself is identified by sequencing the single stranded DNAs of the 10 phages present in the selected pool. PMID- 3239764 TI - DESIGN: computerized optimization of experimental design for estimating Kd and Bmax in ligand binding experiments. I. Homologous and heterologous binding to one or two classes of sites. AB - We have developed a versatile computer program for optimization of ligand binding experiments (e.g., radioreceptor assay system for hormones, drugs, etc.). This optimization algorithm is based on an overall measure of precision of the parameter estimates (D-optimality). The program DESIGN uses an exact mathematical model of the equilibrium ligand binding system with up to two ligands binding to any number of classes of binding sites. The program produces a minimal list of the optimal ligand concentrations for use in the binding experiment. This potentially reduces the time and cost necessary to perform a binding experiment. The program allows comparison of any proposed experimental design with the D optimal design or with assay protocols in current use. The level of nonspecific binding is regarded as an unknown parameter of the system, along with the affinity constant (Kd) and binding capacity (Bmax). Selected parameters can be fixed at constant values and thereby excluded from the optimization algorithm. Emphasis may be placed on improving the precision of a single parameter or on improving the precision of all the parameters simultaneously. We present optimal designs for several of the more commonly used assay protocols (saturation binding with a single labeled ligand, competition or displacement curve, one or two classes of binding sites), and evaluate the robustness of these designs to changes in parameter values of the underlying models. We also derive the theoretical D-optimal design for the saturation binding experiment with a homogeneous receptor class. PMID- 3239766 TI - A micromethod for the determination of carboxyl-terminal amino acids of peptides and proteins: phenylisothiocyanate reaction with hydrazinolysates. AB - Proteins and peptides are digested with anhydrous hydrazine and the free amino acids, released from their carboxyl termini, are analyzed by reverse-phase chromatography as phenylthiocarbamyl (PTC) derivatives. Most of the potentially interfering hydrazides are removed due to the insolubility of their derivatives in the solution used for dissolving the phenylthiocarbamyl-amino acids. This methodology can be used to analyze peptides and proteins in quantities smaller than 100 pmol. The method is here employed for the screening of carboxyl termini in peptide fractions originating from an HPLC chromatogram. PMID- 3239765 TI - An ammonia-sensing air gap microelectrode. AB - An ammonia-sensing air gap microelectrode has been designed on the basis of a neutral carrier pH-sensing inner electrode. This electrode has a tip diameter of 2 to 5 microns, has a simple design, is easy to fabricate, and has a long shelf life. Its response to ammonium is linear in the range 3 x 10(-5) to 10(-2) M and its response time (95%) is 10 to 15 s. The electrode was converted to a microsensor for urea by immobilization of urease within its tip. The linear response to urea ranged from 3 x 10(-4) to 10(-2) M and the response time was 15 to 20 s. PMID- 3239767 TI - Stokes radius determination of radioiodinated polypeptide hormones by gel filtration. AB - A simple technique for determination of the molecular (Stokes) radius of radioiodinated proteins was developed using the same column and chromatographic conditions employed in routine radioimmunoassay tracer purification. The calibration curve for five radioiodinated standard proteins presented a highly significant correlation (r = -0.996; P less than 0.001) and allowed precise molecular radius determination for labeled human growth hormone (hGH), luteotropin (hLH), follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH), thyrotropin (hTSH), prolactin (hPRL), and corticotropin (hACTH), enabling detection of differences of the order of +/- 3%. The validity of the method was verified by determining the molecular radius of hGH in both "cold" (unlabeled standards and unknowns) and "hot" (radioiodinated standards and unknowns) systems. The technique can be applied in a very simple manner, requiring just one simple additional calibration run before Sephadex G-100 tracer purification. Furthermore, it can be applied to any protein, even when only extremely limited amounts are available. Since the standards and unknowns are labeled and chromatographed under identical conditions, potential common alterations of the molecule due to oxidation, iodine incorporation, tracer-carrier interactions, etc., are automatically corrected for. PMID- 3239768 TI - Time-resolved spectroscopy of hemoglobin and myoglobin in resting and ischemic muscle. AB - Difficulties of quantitation of hemoglobin/myoglobin absorption changes in muscle have led to the development of a new approach using short pulses of light. This method uses input light pulses sufficiently short so that the time course of travel of light through the brain can be precisely measured. The time of arrival of light at the detector gives the optical path length, given the velocity of light in tissues. The intensity profile of photon migration in tissues permits determination of the path length that the exiting photons have traveled and the concentration change of the pigments. A cavity-dumped liquid dye laser illuminates the tissue with 130-ps pulses detected as 600-ps duration at a half height at 3.0-cm distance from the input point. The decay of intensity from the 50% point onward to 0.1% follows a logarithmic function of slope mu which is attributed to the total absorption coefficient of the tissue. Increments of mu due to deoxyhemoglobin absorption at 760 and 630 nm are used to calculate the concentration change. This permits the calculation of the path length for continuous light measurements of 2 cm for a particular geometry. Variation of the wavelength of the laser affords determination of a spectrum of changes in the tissue. PMID- 3239769 TI - Separation of oligosaccharides containing terminal alpha-linked galactose residues by affinity chromatography on Griffonia simplicifolia I bound to concanavalin A-sepharose. AB - The seeds of Griffonia simplicifolia contain a family of five isolectins (GS-I) (L. A. Murphy and I. J. Goldstein (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 4739-4742) that bind with high affinity to glycoconjugates containing terminal nonreducing alpha linked galactose residues. Here, we report that GS-I itself is bound via its high mannose-type, Asn-linked sugar chains to immobilized concanavalin A (Con A Sepharose). The GS-I in the GS-I-Con A-Sepharose complex retains its ability to bind glycoconjugates containing terminal alpha-linked galactose residues. This convenient method to immobilize GS-I is rapid and quantitative. We have exploited this affinity system to separate oligosaccharides based on their number of terminal alpha-linked D-galactose residues. PMID- 3239770 TI - Assay of glutathione reductase in crude tissue homogenates using 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid). AB - A method for assaying glutathione reductase (GSH; EC 1.6.4.2) in crude plant extracts is described. The method is based on the increase in absorbance at 412 nm when 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) is reduced by GSH. The effects of the following parameters on the assay were tested: various buffers, pH, buffer concentration, compounds commonly present in enzyme preparations, thiols, and the presence of another NADPH-dependent enzyme. The assay is more sensitive and less subject to interference than the widely used assay where NADPH oxidation is monitored. In particular, the specificity of DTNB allows assay of glutathione reductase in the presence of other NADPH-dependent enzymes and common protein extract contaminants. PMID- 3239771 TI - Thermal denaturation of engineered tet repressor proteins and their complexes with tet operator and tetracycline studied by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. AB - The effects of Trp to Phe exchanges in the Tet repressor on the thermal stability of the proteins and their complexes with operator DNA and inducer have been studied by temperature gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The denaturation temperatures obtained by this method are compared with the results from temperature-dependent fluorescence and binding activities of the proteins. It is established that exchanging the interior Trp75 to Phe reduces the thermal stability of the Tet repressor by 8 degrees C while exchanging the exterior Trp43 to Phe has no effect on the stability of the protein. Binding of the inducer tetracycline increases the thermal stability of wild-type and Trp43 to Phe mutant Tet repressors by 5 degrees C, while the ones with the Trp75 to Phe mutation are stabilized by 10 degrees C. The stabilizing effect of operator binding is 20 degrees C in the Trp75 to Phe mutant and only 9 degrees C in the ones with the Trp43 to Phe exchange. In addition to the denaturation temperatures, the gel mobility shifts observed in temperature gradient gel electrophoresis reveal also information about the intermediates of the denaturation reaction. The free proteins and their complexes with the inducer tetracycline exhibit monophasic transitions upon denaturation. The operator complexes of wild-type and Trp75 to Phe mutant repressors denature in more complex reactions. At low temperature they exhibit a stoichiometry of two repressor dimers per tandem tet operator DNA. Upon elevating the temperature they form complexes with only one repressor dimer per DNA fragment. When the temperature is further increased the double-stranded DNA begins to melt from one end resulting in a complex with partially single-stranded DNA which exists only in a narrow temperature range. Finally, the denatured protein and single-stranded DNA are formed at high temperature. The associated mobility shifts are analyzed by changing the ionic strength and characterizing multiphasic melting of a pure DNA fragment by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3239772 TI - Sedimentation field flow fractionation of fused unilamellar vesicles: comparison with electron microscopy and gel filtration. AB - Sedimentation field flow fractionation (SF3), a relatively new instrumentation methodology for separating particles according to size, has been used to monitor changes in vesicle size during the formation of fused unilamellar vesicles of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. The fusion of 500-A small unilamellar vesicles to 700-A large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and the slower conversion to 950-A LUVs at 4 degrees C was readily monitored by SF3 over the time course of a month. Changes in the physical state of these vesicles as a result of structural reorganizations were characterized by high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. The advantages and limitations of SF3 are discussed and correlated with electron microscopy and gel filtration. PMID- 3239773 TI - A rapid, sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of ammonia and methylamine for nitrogenase assays. AB - A dansyl chloride precolumn derivatization method has been developed for high performance liquid chromatography analysis of NH3 and/or CH3NH2 produced by nitrogenase-catalyzed reduction of substrates such as N2 (NH3) or diazirine (NH3, CH3NH2). The dansyl chloride reagent can be used immediately after preparation and is stable at 4 degrees C for 1 month. The derivatization products from NH3 and CH3NH2 are prepared by direct treatment of the assay mixture (30 min of incubation) and are then stable in air and ambient light at room temperature for at least 1 day. They are separated isocratically within several minutes on a mu Bondapak C-18 reversed-phase column (Altex) at 2000-2500 psi using an eluent of 7:7:3 H2O:methanol:acetonitrile and are detected fluorometrically (368 nm excitation; 500 nm emission). The NH3 sensitivity is limited by the background NH3 in the reagents and under practical conditions is ca. 0.02 nmol (20 microliters injection volume). Methylamine sensitivity is an order of magnitude greater. The detector response for either product is linear to at least 2.4 nmol. The method is compared to alternative analytical procedures with respect to sensitivity, convenience, and absence of interferences. PMID- 3239774 TI - Determination of protein size in chromatography column eluants by on-line photon correlation spectroscopy. AB - The dynamic light scattering technique of photon correlation spectroscopy has been used to determine biomacromolecule hydrodynamic radius in solutions flowing at rates similar to those experienced in liquid chromatographic separation systems. Such analyses can be performed rapidly (less than 5 s). The potential of the technique as an on-line noninvasive monitor for liquid chromatography is discussed. PMID- 3239775 TI - Northern blot mapping: a procedure for mapping mRNA immobilized on nitrocellulose by probing with end-labeled DNA fragments. AB - A simple method for mapping RNA on a Northern blot with a mixture of end-labeled DNA fragments is described. The DNA fragments are labeled either in 5' or in 3' directly after digestion by restriction enzyme(s) and used without any further purification step as probe to hybridize a Northern blot. After autoradiography, the DNA fragments hybridized to each mRNA species are recovered by heating the nitrocellulose and analyzed on denaturing polyacrylamide or agarose gels. This method indicates which DNA fragment hybridizes with which mRNA species and requires far fewer different manipulations than successive hybridization of a Northern blot with several nick-translated purified DNA fragments. PMID- 3239776 TI - A reliable analysis of tissue free fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A convenient and reliable gas-liquid chromatographic method for determining the free fatty acids in biological specimens is described. The free fatty acids were extracted with hexane in the presence of H3PO4 and then back-extracted from the hexane phase into a very small volume of trimethyl (alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro m-tolyl)ammonium hydroxide solution. Direct injection of the resultant quaternary ammonium salts of the fatty acids into a gas-liquid chromatograph unit gave their methyl esters, with a high recovery. The presence of triglycerides, phospholipids, or cholesterol esters did not interfere with the determination of free fatty acids. This method was applied to determination of free fatty acids in the samples of serum or brain. The results were more precise and reliable than those reported with the conventional methods with TLC separation. This method should be a useful aid for providing precise information about the physiological or pathological roles of free fatty acids. PMID- 3239777 TI - A DNA sequencing strategy. AB - A modification of Lin's systematic DNA sequencing strategy is described. A method based on the religation of compatible cohesive ends generated by Sau3AI and BamHI was developed. The original procedure has been simplified and the yield of transfectant has been greatly improved. After complete digestion with BamHI and limited cleavage with Sau3AI, the single-cut linear DNA does not have to be separated from the supercoil or the open circular DNA on an agarose gel. After ligation, the DNA is digested with the restriction enzyme between the cloning site and BamHI site again. The original intact DNA is linearized, whereas the deleted subclone is not. Therefore the background is decreased to an undetectable level. This DNA sequencing strategy was tested on a 1.4-kb cDNA fragment containing the haptoglobin-related sequences. It is not necessary to purify large amounts of RF DNA (500 ng is enough) to get enough subclones. A set of subclones was produced in 1 day and the yield of plaques was about sixfold higher than that published. PMID- 3239778 TI - Colorimetric determination of neutral sugars by a resorcinol sulfuric acid micromethod. AB - A microscale colorimetric assay for neutral sugars, in which neutral sugars react with resorcinol in the presence of 75% sulfuric acid solution is described. This assay, based on the use of microtiter plates with 96 U-shaped wells is simple and easy to handle; it allows accurate determinations with small samples (20 microliters) containing 1 to 100 nmol of neutral sugars and is quite convenient for detection of glycoconjugates in chromatographic column effluents. PMID- 3239780 TI - Determination of the molecular weight of proteins by electrophoresis in slab gels with a transverse pore gradient of crosslinked polyacrylamide in the absence of denaturing agents. AB - The molecular weight of proteins under nondenaturing conditions can be determined through polyacrylamide electrophoresis by comparing their relative mobilities at different gel concentrations with the relative mobilities of standard proteins under the same conditions (J. L. Hedrick and A. J. Smith (1968) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 126, 155). This work describes a procedure that eliminates the need for several gels of different acrylamide concentrations with the use of a slab gel with a transverse pore gradient of crosslinked polyacrylamide. PMID- 3239779 TI - Processing-independent radioimmunoanalysis: a general analytical principle applied to progastrin and its products. AB - Most peptide hormone assays measure only fully processed bioactive peptides. Such assays are unsuited to detect hormone gene expression by alternative or attenuated prohormone processing (tissue- or cell-specific processing). The gastrin system is expressed in several different tissues and is therefore useful for studies of tissue-specific processing. Consequently we have developed a simple processing-independent radioimmunoanalysis for progastrin. Using antisera against the NH2-terminus of a sequence, devoid of processing sites (preprogastrin76-86) after trypsination of neighboring cleavage sites, the assay quantitates the mRNA product irrespective of degree of processing. Used together with a conventional assay for the mature carboxyamidated gastrins, the processing independent analysis shows that in different tissues only 1 to 55% of the total translation product is processed to bioactive gastrins. Thus processing independent analysis greatly improves the detection of gastrin gene expression at the peptide level. The principle of the assay should be applicable to all protein and peptide systems. PMID- 3239781 TI - Simultaneous determination of noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in plasma with high-performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection. AB - We herein report the simultaneous determination of the levels of noradrenaline (NA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), a major metabolite of NA. The sample was subjected to a Sep Pak C18 cartridge prior to the NA and MHPG assay by high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector. The results correlated well with the established methods. The average percentage of recovery was 91.2 and 98.7% for NA and MHPG, respectively. The intraassay coefficients of variation were 3.7 and 4.6% for NA and MHPG. The interassay coefficients of variation were 3.5 and 7.5% for NA and MHPG, respectively. PMID- 3239783 TI - Detecting irradiated foods: use of hydroxyl radical biomarkers. PMID- 3239782 TI - Preparation of cellodextrins and isolation of oligomeric side components and their characterization. AB - Cellodextrin (beta-1,4-glucose oligomer) mixtures are prepared by precipitation of oligomers with 1-propanol and ethanol after partial hydrolysis of cellulose with hydrochloric acid or by acetolysis of cellulose. Cellooligomers (DP3-DP8) can be isolated by high-resolution size-exclusion chromatography on Bio-Gel P 4 using water as eluent. Recycle operation of the columns allows the separation of oligomers up to a degree of polymerization of 12. However, ion-exchange chromatography of their borate complexes demonstrates the heterogeneity of cellodextrins, homogeneous according to size-exclusion chromatography. At least four secondary oligomeric components are observed in the different samples. By preparative affinity chromatography on phenyl-boronate-agarose two of these components could be purified and subsequently characterized. In one series of oligosaccharides the glucose unit at the reducing end of the beta-1,4-glucose oligomers is derivatized to fructose. This enolization reaction occurs during size-exclusion chromatography. The precipitation step with alkanols during preparation of oligomer mixtures generates oligomeric glycosides. Additionally, the formation of amines from respective beta-1,4-glucose oligomers is observed with the ammonium carbonate eluent used in affinity chromatography. Analysis methods combined to assess for the homogeneity of cellodextrins include enzyme- and acid-catalyzed (partial) hydrolysis of the different oligomers and subsequent analysis of degradation products by sugar borate chromatography; 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy; and fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy. PMID- 3239784 TI - Characterization of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer coated enzyme electrodes and a miniaturized integrated potentiostat for glucose analysis in whole blood. PMID- 3239785 TI - Voltammetric and liquid chromatographic identification of organic products of microwave-assisted wet ashing of biological samples. PMID- 3239786 TI - Wet microwave digestion of diet and fecal samples for inductively coupled plasma analysis. PMID- 3239787 TI - 1-Pyrenyldiazomethane as a fluorescent labeling reagent for liquid chromatographic determination of carboxylic acids. PMID- 3239788 TI - Quantitative trace element analysis of microdroplet residues by secondary ion mass spectrometry. PMID- 3239789 TI - Isomer identification by metastable decay rates of laser-produced ions. PMID- 3239790 TI - Retention and selectivity surfaces of deoxyribonucleotides in reversed-phase chromatography. PMID- 3239791 TI - Enantiomeric resolution and chiral recognition of racemic nicotine and nicotine analogues by beta-cyclodextrin complexation. Structure-enantiomeric resolution relationships in host-guest interactions. PMID- 3239792 TI - Separation of deuteriated isotopomers of dopamine by ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3239793 TI - Identification and quantitation of arsenic species in a dogfish muscle reference material for trace elements. PMID- 3239794 TI - Consecutive reaction monitoring in a four-sector mass spectrometer: MS4 and one step beyond. PMID- 3239795 TI - Isotope dilution liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry for determination of serum cholesterol. PMID- 3239796 TI - Comparison of ion mobility constants of selected drugs after capillary gas chromatography and capillary supercritical fluid chromatography. PMID- 3239797 TI - Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indexes for diverse drug compounds. PMID- 3239798 TI - Catalytic reduction of myoglobin and hemoglobin at chemically modified electrodes containing methylene blue. PMID- 3239799 TI - Determination of selenols, diselenides, and selenenyl sulfides by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 3239800 TI - Response properties of ion-selective polymeric membrane electrodes prepared with aminated and carboxylated poly(vinyl chloride). PMID- 3239801 TI - Laser desorption ionization of proteins with molecular masses exceeding 10,000 daltons. PMID- 3239802 TI - Structural and reaction assignments for some common polysaccharides using laser desorption ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 3239803 TI - Quantitative determination of impurities in polyene antibiotics: Fourier transform Raman spectra of nystatin, amphotericin A, and amphotericin B. PMID- 3239804 TI - Radial dispersion from commercial high-performance liquid chromatography columns investigated with microvoltammetric electrodes. PMID- 3239805 TI - Potentiometric adenosine triphosphate polyanion sensor using a lipophilic macrocyclic polyamine liquid membrane. PMID- 3239806 TI - Bienzymatic electrode for the determination of aspartame in dietary products. PMID- 3239807 TI - Determination of sodium and potassium in nanoliter volumes of biological fluids by furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 3239808 TI - The role of quality control in biotechnology: an analytical perspective. PMID- 3239809 TI - Different methods of graphite electrode treatment and their effect on the electrochemical behavior of a small adsorbing biological molecule, 2,6-diamino-8 purinol. PMID- 3239810 TI - Inclusion complex formation of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites with cyclodextrins. PMID- 3239811 TI - On-line connector for microcolumns: application to the on-column o phthaldialdehyde derivatization of amino acids separated by capillary zone electrophoresis. PMID- 3239812 TI - Evaluation of an apparatus designed for the collection of sidestream tobacco smoke. PMID- 3239813 TI - Improved method for the determination of the total glucosinolate content of rapeseed by determination of enzymically released glucose. PMID- 3239814 TI - Optical sensors. Part 34. Fibre optic glucose biosensor with an oxygen optrode as the transducer. PMID- 3239815 TI - Flow injection amperometric detection based on ion transfer across a water solidified nitrobenzene interface for the determination of tetracycline and terramycin. PMID- 3239816 TI - Analysis of commercially available cheeses for the migraine inducer tyramine by thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry. PMID- 3239817 TI - Titrimetric methods for the determination of some sulpha drugs using N bromophthalimide and N-bromosaccharin. PMID- 3239818 TI - Semi-automatic catalytic titration method for the analysis of cystine-cysteine mixtures and its application to urine samples. PMID- 3239819 TI - Determination of trace elements in a marine reference material of lobster hepatopancreas (TORT-1) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. PMID- 3239820 TI - Determination of sulphadimidine in animal feeds by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3239821 TI - Factors concerning the design and calibration of an amperometric enzyme electrode system for the flow injection analysis of cholesterol. PMID- 3239822 TI - Differential anodic stripping voltammetric determination of selenium in hair and flour at a gold-film electrode. PMID- 3239823 TI - Determination of diazepam and oxazepam using high-performance liquid chromatography and fourth-derivative spectrophotometric techniques. PMID- 3239824 TI - Use of 4-(6-methylnaphthalen-2-yl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid as a reagent for the spectrophotometric and fluorimetric determination of aliphatic thiol drugs. PMID- 3239825 TI - Enzymic fluorimetric determination of sulphated and non-sulphated primary bile acids in urine using a rapid solvolysis technique. PMID- 3239827 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of hydrazine in polluted water. PMID- 3239826 TI - Py and BPe solvent polarity scales: effect of temperature on pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene fluorescence spectra. PMID- 3239828 TI - Determination of methanesulphonyl fluoride in blood matrix with a fluoride ion selective electrode. PMID- 3239829 TI - The neocortex of the dog. 2. A map of the unfolded neocortex. PMID- 3239831 TI - The shield of the domestic boar (Sus scrofa L.): its gross anatomy, histology and possible function. PMID- 3239830 TI - The ultrastructure of the trophoblast fossal regions in the pig placenta during pregnancy. Its steroidogenic features. PMID- 3239832 TI - [The lymphatic system and lymph drainage of the testis of the Peking drake (Anas platyrhynchos, L.)]. PMID- 3239833 TI - [Light and electron micrscopic study of the renal hemopoietic cells of the Tenca (Tinca tinca L.)]. PMID- 3239835 TI - Immunogenicity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of a recombinant vaccinia virus in calves. AB - Experiments concerned with the immunogenicity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of a recombinant vaccinia:Sindbis virus were conducted. The WR strain of the recombinant vaccinia:Sindis virus was found to be infective for calves and mildly pathogenic, resulting in local tissue reaction. It was not transmissible to other calves. Also, it was found to be immunogenic when inoculated intradermally into calves, and antibody was produced against the parent vector virus (vaccinia) and the Sindbis antigen. Recombinant virus given IV to calves induced no detectable clinical signs, nor did the calves develop neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, second-passage lesion material containing up to 10(7) tissue culture infective doses of the recombinant virus failed to induce development of lesions or illness in intradermally inoculated calves, and virus could not be recovered from the inoculation sites. In this series of experiments, this vaccinia recombinant given intradermally was immunogenic, mildly pathogenic at the local injection site only, and was not transmissible to contact animals, thus demonstrating the potential efficacy and safety of the WR strain of vaccinia virus when used as a live vector system in cattle. PMID- 3239834 TI - [Study of the termination of cervical nerves innervating the rhomboideus, serratus ventralis and trapezius muscles.ll: Equus and Ruminantia]. PMID- 3239836 TI - Isolation of Chuzan virus, a new member of the Palyam subgroup of the genus Orbivirus, from cattle and Culicoides oxystoma in Japan. AB - Five virus strains with identical antigenic properties were isolated from 3 RBC suspensions obtained from 2 healthy sentinel calves and from 2 pools of Culicoides oxystoma in cultures of a hamster lung cell line (HmLu-1). The virus was tentatively named Chuzan virus. The Chuzan virus was classified as a new member of the Palyam subgroup of the genus Orbivirus on the basis of its physicochemical, morphologic, and antigenic properties. PMID- 3239837 TI - Serologic evidence for the etiologic role of Chuzan virus in an epizootic of congenital abnormalities with hydranencephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome of calves in Japan. AB - An epizootic of congenital abnormalities of calves was observed in the Kyushu district of Japan from November 1985 through April 1986. The main clinical signs of the disease were impairment of mobility and signs of impairment of the nervous system. Opisthotonos was pronounced, and almost all calves were unable to suckle by themselves. The main macroscopic pathologic changes were hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia. Although an etiologic agent was not isolated from the calves, serotest results of precolostral serum samples indicated that 128 of 139 (92%) abnormal calves had antibody for Chuzan virus, a new virus belonging to the Palyam subgroup of the Orbivirus genus; 34 healthy calves in the epizootiologic area did not have antibody for the virus. The presence of Chuzan virus in Kyushu in 1985 was confirmed serologically. PMID- 3239838 TI - In vitro susceptibility of bacteria to a ticarcillin-clavulanic acid combination. AB - In vitro testing of bacterial susceptibility to a combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid was done, using 406 aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative isolates (considered to be pathogens) cultured from equine and small animal specimens. A microdilution broth technique of susceptibility testing was performed, using trays with wells containing a range of doubling concentrations of dehydrated ticarcillin (range, 0.50 to 128 micrograms/ml) with fixed concentration of clavulanic acid (4 micrograms/ml). The following isolates of equine origin were (90%) susceptible to concentrations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid combinations of less than or equal to 16 and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively: Staphylococcus aureus, S intermedius, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Ent agglomerans, Ent cloacae, Escherichia coli, Actinobacillus sp, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Rhodococcus equi, Proteus vulgaris, and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Isolates of small animal origin (90%) susceptible to less than or equal to 16 and 4 micrograms of ticarcillinclavulanic/ml included S aureus, S intermedius, Ent aerogenes, Ent agglomerans, Pasteurella multocida, B bronchiseptica, Pr mirabilis, and Serratia sp. PMID- 3239839 TI - Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and in vitro antibacterial activity of rifampin in the horse. AB - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of rifampin were determined after IV (10 mg/kg of body weight) and intragastric (20 mg/kg of body weight) administration to 6 healthy, adult horses. After IV administration, the disposition kinetics of rifampin were best described by a 2-compartment open model. A rapid distribution phase was followed by a slower elimination phase, with a half-life (t1/2[beta]) of 7.27 +/- 1.11 hours. The mean body clearance was 1.49 +/- 0.41 ml/min.kg, and the mean volume of distribution was 932 +/- 292 ml/kg, indicating that rifampin was widely distributed in the body. After intragastric administration of rifampin in aqueous suspension, a brief lag period (0.31 +/- 0.09 hour) was followed by rapid, but incomplete, absorption (t1/2[a] = 0.51 +/- 0.32 hour) and slow elimination (t1/2[d] = 11.50 +/- 1.55 hours). The mean bioavailability (fractional absorption) of the administered dose during the first 24 hours was 53.94 +/- 18.90%, and we estimated that 70.0 +/- 23.6% of the drug would eventually be absorbed. The mean peak plasma rifampin concentration was 13.25 +/- 2.70 micrograms/ml at 2.5 +/- 1.6 hours after dosing. All 6 horses had plasma rifampin concentrations greater than 2 micrograms/ml by 45 minutes after dosing; concentrations greater than 3 micrograms/ml persisted for at least 24 hours. Mean plasma rifampin concentrations at 12 and 24 hours after dosing were 6.86 +/- 1.69 micrograms/ml and 3.83 +/- 0.87 micrograms/ml, respectively. We tested 162 isolates of 16 bacterial species cultured from clinically ill horses for susceptibility to rifampin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239840 TI - Evaluation of a combination of xylazine, ketamine, and halothane for anesthesia in llamas. AB - Anesthesia induced by use of a combination of xylazine, ketamine, and halothane, under conditions of spontaneous and mechanically controlled ventilation, was evaluated in 5 llamas positioned in dorsal recumbency. Using chronically implanted catheters, systemic arterial blood pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, heart rate and rhythm, cardiac output, blood pH and gas tensions, body temperature, and respiratory rate were measured before anesthesia induction (baseline), throughout the anesthetic period, and for 1 hour into the recovery period. During anesthesia, llamas undergoing spontaneous ventilation developed hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis. Cardiovascular function was decreased during both types of ventilation. The combination of xylazine, ketamine, and halothane in various doses and 2 ventilation procedures (spontaneous and controlled) provided a reliable method for general anesthesia in llamas, but marked cardiovascular depression developed during anesthesia maintenance with halothane. Spontaneous ventilation resulted in potentially clinically important respiratory acidosis. PMID- 3239841 TI - Evaluation of renal gentamicin depletion kinetic properties in sheep, using serial percutaneous biopsies. AB - Tissue drug residue research often involves the killing of an animal every time tissue concentrations are determined. To decrease the number of animals required to perform tissue depletion studies and to circumvent the statistical problems associated with determining tissue depletion kinetic properties, using multiple animals, the renal depletion profile of gentamicin from individual sheep was studied, using a bilateral renal translocation technique. Seven ewes were surgically altered, allowed to stabilize, and then allocated into 2 groups; group 1 sheep (n = 4) were given 3 mg of gentamicin/kg, IM, q 12 h for 10 days, and group-2 sheep (n = 3) were not given gentamicin. The kidneys from all ewes were biopsied 9 times over 74 days after the termination of gentamicin treatment. The renal concentrations of gentamicin were measured by use of a validated tissue digestion procedure coupled with a liquid-phase fluorescence polarization immunoassay. On days 75 and 77 after the end of gentamicin treatment, all ewes were euthanatized and necropsied. The concentrations of gentamicin in the biopsy specimens ranged from 71.9 to 183 micrograms/g on days 1 and 2 after dosing, and decreased to concentrations ranging from 3.99 to 7.35 micrograms/g on days 73 and 74 after the end of dosing. The decrease in renal gentamicin concentrations was best described by a biexponential equation. The early phase half-life was 2.8 days, whereas the terminal phase half-life was 59 days (harmonic means). There was no difference in the appearance or histologic features of the kidneys from groups 1 and 2. The only lesions noticed were linear fibroses that were attributed to the biopsy procedure. PMID- 3239842 TI - Effect of trenbolone and testosterone on the plasma elimination rates of sulfamethazine, trimethoprim, and antipyrine in female dwarf goats. AB - Plasma elimination rates of sulfamethazine (100 mg/kg of body weight, IV), trimethoprim (20 mg/kg, IV), and antipyrine (35 mg/kg, IV) were studied in adult female dwarf goats (n = 5) before and after implantation with trenbolone acetate (5 mg/kg). Pretreatment with trenbolone caused a significant decrease in the elimination rate of the drugs tested: for sulfamethazine, 5 times; for antipyrine, 3 times; and for trimethoprim, 2 times. After treatment with testosterone (1 mg/kg, SC, twice weekly for 2.5 weeks), female goats (n = 5) had a similar decrease in the elimination rate of sulfamethazine. Other induced effects included a change in social behavior, a lower voice, and the development of a typical billy goat-like odor. Plasma creatinine concentrations after androgen administration were significantly higher than those before androgen administration; changes were not observed in plasma urea values. Because of the differences observed, we believe that more attention should be paid to the effects of androgenic agents on drug kinetic properties, with particular reference to studies on clinical efficacy, side effects, and drug residues in food products. PMID- 3239843 TI - Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in laboratory rabbits. AB - The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin was studied in 5 healthy adult laboratory rabbits of both sexes. Gentamicin sulfate (5% aqueous solution) was administered rapidly (IV) at a dosage of 3 mg/kg of body weight. Venous blood samples were taken at 0 (baseline), 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes, and 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after gentamicin administration. Serum gentamicin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. With the aid of a nonlinear least-squares program, the gentamicin concentration data were found to be best described by a 2 compartment model, with r2 = 0.989. Half-life, as determined from the terminal phase, was 56.6 +/- 2.4 (mean +/- SD) minutes. Calculation of total body clearance provided a mean of 1.69 +/- 0.07 ml/min/kg of body weight. Volume of distribution, calculated from the area under the curve for each animal, was 0.138 +/- 0.005 L/kg. PMID- 3239844 TI - Cellular defense of the avian respiratory system: effects of Pasteurella multocida on respiratory burst activity of avian respiratory tract phagocytes. AB - The respiratory tract of healthy chickens contain few free-residing phagocytic cells. Intratracheal inoculation with Pasteurella multocida stimulated a significant (P less than 0.05) migration of cells to the lungs and air sacs of White Rock chickens within 2 hours after inoculation. We found the maximal number of avian respiratory tract phagocytes (22.9 +/- 14.0 x 10(6] at 8 hours after inoculation. Flow cytometric analysis of these cells revealed 2 populations on the basis of cell-size and cellular granularity. One of these was similar in size and granularity to those of blood heterophils. Only this population was capable of generating oxidative metabolites in response to phorbol myristate acetate. The ability of the heterophils to produce hydrogen peroxide, measured as the oxidation of intracellularly loaded 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, decreased with time after inoculation. These results suggest that the migration of heterophils, which are capable of high levels of oxidative metabolism, to the lungs and air sacs may be an important defense mechanism of poultry against bacterial infections of the respiratory tract. PMID- 3239845 TI - Efficacy of morantel sustained-release bolus in control of gastrointestinal nematodes of weaned calves during the autumn-winter grazing season. AB - A 168-day study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of morantel tartrate sustained-release bolus (MSRB) in controlling gastrointestinal parasitism in weaned calves during autumn-winter grazing in the temperature climate of southern United States. Sixty-two weanling Angus heifers were used to assess treatment differences. Six sentinel heifers were necropsied to assess pretrial gastrointestinal worm counts. The remaining 56 heifers were assigned to 4 groups of 14 heifers each and were placed on four 4.86-hectare dormant Bermuda grass pastures (1 group/pasture) that had been no-till interseeded with cereal rye in early October. Heifers in 2 groups were given 1 MSRB in early November; the other 2 groups served as nonmedicated controls. Three heifers (principals) from each of the 4 groups were necropsied on posttreatment days 57, 112, and 168 (end of study) for total worm recovery. Eight 5-month-old tracer steers, raised worm-free from birth, grazed the 4 pastures (2/pastures) for the first 21 days of the study and then were kept in drylot for 21 days before being necropsied. Level of larval contamination of pastures grazed by control and MSRB-treated heifers were comparable, because the mean number of nematodes recovered from tracer steers grazing the control and MSRB pastures were 47,449 and 53,835, respectively. At 28 days after treatment, MSRB-treated heifers had lower (P less than 0.05) mean egg counts/g of feces than did control heifers (280 vs 13).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239846 TI - Anthelmintic efficacies of fenbendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole against Nematodirus battus infections in lambs. AB - Anthelmintic efficacies of fenbendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole were evaluated against naturally acquired infections of Nematodirus battus in lambs. Four groups of 10 lambs each were used. Oral administration of 8 mg of levamisole/kg of body weight or 5 mg of fenbendazole/kg significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the degree of infection by N battus (adults) by greater than 99%. An oral formulation of 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg was 98% effective (P less than 0.01). Numbers of other Nematodirus spp (including N filicollis and N spathiger) were significantly reduced. PMID- 3239847 TI - High concentration of serum gastrin immunoreactivity and abomasal mucosal hyperplasia in calves infected with Ostertagia ostertagi and/or Trichostrongylus axei. AB - Parasite-free, 4-month-old-calves were inoculated with Ostertagia ostertagi and/or Trichostrongylus axei, followed 6 weeks later by inoculation with increasing doses of O ostertagi for 8 weeks in the 2 groups (n = 4) of calves that had been given O ostertagi. Gastrin immunoreactivity concentration in serum was measured before and after infection and was correlated with changes in mucosal thickness. Gastrin immunoreactivity concentration in preinoculation control sera ranged from 95.2 to 287.1 pg/ml, and increased values were measured in all parasitized calves after 15 weeks. Significantly (P less than 0.05) increased serum gastrin immunoreactivity concentration compared with the preinfection value, was found in calves infected with O ostertagi or T axei, and highly significant (P less than 0.01) values were observed in calves infected with both parasites. Abomasal mucosal hyperplasia was observed in all parasitized calves; increased mucosal thickness and mucosal cross-sectional area were most prominent in calves infected with O ostertagi and T axei. PMID- 3239848 TI - Morphologic and morphometric studies of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles in clinically normal adult dogs. AB - To establish normal histologic and histochemical data and to determine reference values for fiber type proportions (percentages, mean fiber diameters, atrophy and hypertrophy factors, and variability coefficients), a histochemical study was carried out on intrinsic muscles of the larynx (cricothyroid, cricoarytenoid lateralis, cricoarytenoid dorsalis, and thyroarytenoid muscles) of clinically normal dogs. Using myosin adenosine triphosphatase stain under acidic preincubation (pH 4.3) conditions, 3 histochemical fiber types--1, 2A, and 2C- were recognized. The percentage of type-2C fibers varied from 1 to 2% in thyroarytenoid muscles to approximately 10% in cricoarytenoid lateralis muscles. There was no significant difference in mean diameter between left- and right-side specimens of each muscle for type 1 vs type 2. The largest fibers (mean +/- SD) of both types were observed in the cricothyroid muscles (type 1, 38.19 +/- 7.76 microns; type 2, 43.25 +/- 8.66 microns), and the smallest fibers were found in the thyroarytenoid muscles (type 1, 29.38 +/- 5.12 microns; type 2, 33.84 +/- 6.20 microns). Respective mean diameters of fiber types from cricoarytenoid dorsalis (type 1, 32.05 +/- 5.69 microns; type 2, 38.95 +/- 7.75 microns) and cricoarytenoid lateralis (type 1, 33.75 +/- 5.98 microns; type 2, 37.09 +/- 7.01 microns) muscles were similar. The histographic distribution of fiber type diameters was unimodal in all muscles. In each muscle, the mean fiber diameter of type-2 fibers was greater than that of type-1 fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239849 TI - Morphologic and morphometric studies of the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves in clinically normal adult dogs. AB - Morphologic and morphometric studies were performed on the vagus nerve and its major branch, the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN): (1) to determine normal histologic data in myelinated fibers of clinically normal young adult dogs, (2) to establish reference values for mean fiber diameter in the vagus nerve and in the proximal and distal portions of the RLN, and (3) to delineate relative frequency distribution curves for each nerve. Few degenerative changes were observed in single teased-nerve fiber preparations. There was no statistical difference between left and right sides of the vagus nerve or between the proximal and distal portions of the RLN (right and left sides). In contrast to the unimodal distribution of fibers in the vagus nerve and the proximal portion of the RLN, the distribution of fibers in the distal portion of the RLN was bimodal. Mean (+/- SD) fiber diameters of the vagus nerve and in the proximal portion of the RLN (3.02 +/- 1.44 microns and 3.63 +/- 1.49 microns, respectively) were not significantly different, despite a shift to large-diameter fibers in the latter. However, mean fiber diameters of distal and proximal portions of the RLN (5.56 +/- 1.88 microns and 3.63 +/- 1.49 microns, respectively) were significantly (P less than 0.001) different. Approximately 86% of fibers in the vagus nerve and 76% of fibers in the proximal portion of the RLN, had a diameter less than 5 microns, and about 70% of fibers in the distal portion of the RLN had a diameter greater than 5 microns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239850 TI - Effect of phenytoin on the clinical signs and in vitro muscle twitch characteristics in horses with chronic intermittent rhabdomyolysis and myotonia. AB - In vitro twitch characteristics of the semimembranosus muscle were evaluated in 9 clinically normal horses, in 15 horses with chronic intermittent rhabdomyolysis (CIR) and in 2 horses with myotonia. Effects of phenytoin on in vitro muscle twitch and clinical signs of CIR and myotonia were evaluated in these same horses. Times to 90% relaxation were prolonged in the horses with CIR (mean +/- SEM, 186 +/- 5.9 ms) and in 2 horses with myotonia (197 and 177 ms) compared with those in clinically normal horses (mean +/- SEM, 146 +/- 2.1 ms). Horses with CIR also had significantly (P less than 0.05) longer times to 50% relaxation, compared with clinically normal horses. In the group of horses with CIR, Standardbreds had significantly (P less than 0.05) longer times to 90% and 50% relaxation, compared with Thoroughbreds. Times to 100% peak tension did not differ among the groups. Administration of phenytoin directly into a muscle preparation bath solution had no effect on muscle twitch properties. After the initial muscle biopsy, phenytoin was administered orally for 7 to 10 days to 4 horses with CIR, 2 myotonic horses, and 2 clinically normal horses before repeat biopsy from the same site in the contralateral semimembranosus muscle. Times to 90% relaxation decreased from 197 and 177 ms to 144 and 126 ms, respectively, in the 2 myotonic horses, from a mean of 192 (+/- 9) ms to 170 (+/- 9) ms in the 4 horses with CIR and remained unchanged (154 and 140 ms before vs 155 and 139 ms after treatment) in the 2 clinically normal horses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239851 TI - Effects of T-2 mycotoxin on tumor susceptibility in mice. AB - The effect of Fusarium-produced T-2 toxin on tumor growth was evaluated in ICR, CFW, and C57B6/6 mice inoculated with murine sarcoma, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, or B16F1 melanoma tumor cell lines. Mice were given T-2 toxin intragastrically either at the rate of 2 mg of toxin/kg of body weight daily for 5 days or a single dosage of 4 mg of toxin/kg and were inoculated SC with tumor cells 1 or 2 days after administration of toxin. Tumor growth was assessed 15 to 41 days after tumor challenge by determining the frequency of tumor development and tumor weights. Significant increases in the frequency of development of murine sarcoma (P less than 0.005), Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (P less than 0.01), and B16F1 melanoma tumors (P less than 0.05) were detected in toxin-treated mice, compared with control mice. Murine sarcoma and B16F1 melanoma tumor weights also were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in toxin-treated mice. The effect of T-2 toxin on tumor growth was more marked after 5 daily treatments than after a single dose. PMID- 3239853 TI - A standard antitoxin for Pasteurella multocida. PMID- 3239852 TI - Communications and boundaries of the middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints in horses. AB - To study communications and boundaries of the middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints of the horse, 50 forelimbs were obtained from fresh cadaver specimens. Blue latex solution (20 +/- 2.5 ml) was injected into the middle carpal joint, and the specimens were frozen in extension. Frozen specimens were cut into 1-cm sagittal sections from the middle of the radius to the middle of the metacarpus. The communications between the middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints and the presence, length, and position of the distopalmar outpouchings of the carpometacarpal joint were recorded. The middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints always communicated between os carpale III (C3) and os carpale IV (C4). An additional communication between the joints existed in 17 (34%) of the specimens, 10 on the palmar aspect of C4, and 3 on the palmar aspect of os carpale II (C2). When os carpale I (C1) was present (n = 5), communication between C1 and C2 was observed in 4 of the 5 specimens. In all specimens, medial and lateral distopalmar outpouchings of the carpometacarpal joint were observed and were located between the axial surface of os metacarpale II (MC2) and os metacarpale IV (MC4) and the abaxial surface of the suspensory ligament. There was no significant difference between the lengths of the lateral (2.3 +/- 0.54 cm) or medial (2.6 +/- 0.75 cm) distopalmar outpouchings. Small extensions from the distopalmar outpouchings were seen and extended axially into the fibers of the suspensory ligament or between the suspensory ligament and the distal accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239854 TI - [Physiopathological bases of the host response to infections]. PMID- 3239855 TI - [Evaluation of the severity of infection in surgery]. PMID- 3239856 TI - [Prevention of postoperative infections]. PMID- 3239857 TI - [Infectious complications in a surgical intensive care unit]. PMID- 3239858 TI - [Multiple organ failure: a new syndrome in the clinical course of critical patients]. PMID- 3239860 TI - [Peritonitis]. PMID- 3239859 TI - [Acute appendicitis]. PMID- 3239861 TI - [Acute perforated diverticulitis]. PMID- 3239862 TI - [Biliary infection]. PMID- 3239863 TI - [Early gastric cancer: clinical and morphological aspects]. PMID- 3239865 TI - [Acute post-traumatic pancreatitis. Diagnostic approach]. PMID- 3239864 TI - [Ileocecocolic invagination of lipoma of the cecum in an adult. Description of a case]. PMID- 3239866 TI - [Surgical infections--study methods]. PMID- 3239867 TI - [Analysis and cognitive modelling of the analogical process in psychosis]. AB - The disturbances of cognitive processes in psychotic patients are well known: the delusional interpretation is "the inference from a right perception into a wrong concept" (Dromard), "an wrong intuition about the meaning of what is perceived, seen or heard" (H. Ey). Analogy is the very core of any cognitive process: relating a strange thing to some object already part of the experience enables to set up differences, oppositions, connections, classes. Any semantic process (something stands for another thing) originates in analogy. It is the basis of every interpretation and world's knowledge. Its soundness is by no means reliable, but for the inner strength of the analogical network and its power to integrate new objects. It's easy to fall out of the track... A wrong analogy, better, a wrong one that would not be acknowledged as a mistake, would be enough: the gap is quite narrow between interpretations leading either to understanding or to misreading, only filled through the relation of other people providing the necessary clues. The contemporary papers about cognitive process are driving towards two main trends: 1) Neuromimetic models, and the building of neuronal networks, whose emergent properties point out the basically analogical character of representations, learning and memory. 2) Cognitive models, dealing with representations and algorithms, and leading to Artificial Intelligence Programs. We tried to build a model (both cognitive and AI) of the analogical process and its psychotic disturbances. Our model describes how simple analogical problems are solved: If (A) becomes (B), what about (C)? Making up the psychological model and its AI translation led to propound the concept of Universes as sets consisting of ONE likely or relevant link between two objects, and such intrinsic of extrinsic properties of the objects as are involved in this relation. The model uses 3 different universes: Universe U1, made up of one of the possible transformation kinks from (A) to (B) and (A)'s properties involved in this actual transformation. Universe U2, made out of the likeness link between Universe U1 and (C). Universe U3, performing in fact the validation procedure of the result. The analogical reasoning goes through the three universes, along an iterative loop again and again until a nice result is found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3239868 TI - [The individual and the person]. PMID- 3239869 TI - [The individual and society: a developing language]. PMID- 3239870 TI - [The law of 1838 in its relationship to the Civil Code and the Penal Code]. PMID- 3239871 TI - [Physician, family, mayor and prefect confronting the 1838 law, or, the abusive lack of confinement]. PMID- 3239872 TI - [Psychiatric commitments (compulsory and voluntary) according to the 1838 law over a period of 15 years at a university psychiatric service (Bordeaux 1973 1988)]. PMID- 3239873 TI - [The problem of the current rights of mental patients facing commitment and regionalization]. AB - Remarkably conceived, the law of 30 June 1838 requires only one actualization. It would be necessary to include some provisions there simply reinforcing the legal protection of the insane interned: procedure of habeas corpus, respect of the rights of defence (free communication with counsel). On the other hand, the rights of the mental patients hospitalized in open department in hospitals devoted to the insanes are singularly forgotten. These patients should profit by the same legal protections as the mental patients of psychiatric private clinics and public hospitals others that the particular hospitals for insanes (art. L. 353-2,3,4, code of public health). Lastly, the legislation on the sector should contain a clause pointing out the respect of the ethical principles and fundamental freedoms of the human person. PMID- 3239874 TI - [20 years' inspection of facilities subject to the law of 30 June 1838]. PMID- 3239875 TI - [The psychiatrist's and the hospital's responsibility in regard to patient discharge]. PMID- 3239876 TI - [Misinterpretations of the law of 30 June 1838 concerning psychiatric admissions without the consent of the hospitalized person]. PMID- 3239877 TI - [The Psychiatric Health Unit of the Police Precinct, application of the law of 30 June 1838 and the medicolegal circuits of Paris and its region]. PMID- 3239878 TI - [The administrative control of involuntary commitment at the department of Gironde 150 years following promulgation of the law of 30 June 1838]. AB - The authors take initially stock of compulsory commitments and voluntary confinements (both types of commitment) in Gironde during 1985-1987. They note a rate of more important commitment for 100,000 inhabitants in urban zone, in particular for the voluntary confinements. The urgent procedure of compulsory commitment remains, in 1987, three time more used than the ordinary procedure. Psychiatric expertise of control on prefectoral requisition are frequently carried out before, as well as after the compulsory commitment (visits residence or in the particular hospital for the insane). 55 observations concerning medical checks at home are analyzed in the field of the origin and reasons for descriptions to the D.D.A.S.S. of Gironde as well as the diagnosis of the examined persons. The authors note finally that almost all the patients have a discontinuance of their compulsory commitment to the profit of another mode of placement during the hospitalization. They conclude that, applied and controlled well, the law of 30 june 1838 makes it possible to reconcile the protection of the public order, the care of the insane and the respect of individual freedom. PMID- 3239879 TI - [Involuntary commitment or protection of rights? (apropos of the experience in Quebec)]. PMID- 3239880 TI - [The nature of the mission entrusted to the expert psychiatrist in matters concerning danger, accessibility to approval, etc]. PMID- 3239881 TI - Rotation axes of saccades. PMID- 3239882 TI - On the generation of rapid eye movements in three dimensions. PMID- 3239883 TI - The accessory optic system. Analyzer of self-motion. PMID- 3239884 TI - Organizational principles of velocity storage in three dimensions. The effect of gravity on cross-coupling of optokinetic after-nystagmus. AB - 1. Optokinetic nystagmus was elicited in alert monkeys by movement of the visual surround in their horizontal or yaw plane, and optokinetic after-nystagmus was recorded in darkness. The animals were upright or were statically tilted at various angles from the upright. While upright, the OKAN was horizontal, and there were no vertical or roll components. When animals were tilted to either side or forward or back, vertical or roll components appeared both in the primary and secondary OKAN. Such components were also observed during nystagmus and after nystagmus induced by electrical stimulation of the nucleus of the optic tract. The characteristics of the cross-coupled components indicated that they were mediated through the velocity storage mechanism in the vestibulo-ocular reflex. 2. A principle was inferred that explained the appearance of cross-coupled vertical or roll components in the primary and secondary OKAN: With the animal in a tilted position, a vector of eye velocity during OKN along the body-vertical axis was converted during primary OKAN toward a spatial-vertical axis with the same sense by a right hand rule. Thus, slow phase velocity along a vector toward the top of the animal's head during horizontal OKN rotated so that it tended to be directed spatially upward during primary OKAN. The reverse was true for OKN with a velocity vector directed toward the animal's feet. It rotated during primary OKAN so that it tended to be aligned with the direction of gravity. The vector of velocity during secondary OKAN was opposite to the direction of the vector during primary OKAN and was approximately aligned with spatial vertical. 3. OKN and OKAN were elicited about the animal's pitch and roll axes while they were upright and statically tilted at various angles away from the spatial vertical. There was a graded increase in the strength of vertical and roll OKN and OKAN and in the falling time constant of OKAN as the animals were tilted so that the axis of pitch or roll eye movements was moved toward alignment with the spatial vertical. Thus, velocity storage during pure vertical and roll nystagmus was similar to that during yaw OKN and OKAN in tilted positions: it was maximal along the pitch and roll axes when these axes were aligned with gravity. 4. The data indicate that the gravitational field is of fundamental importance in imposing a spatial reference onto the velocity storage integrator.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3239886 TI - Bombesin-like peptides in health and disease. Nomenclature meeting. Report and recommendations. 14 October 1987. PMID- 3239885 TI - Gravitational effects on nystagmus and on perception of orientation. PMID- 3239887 TI - Central and peripheral visceral effects of bombesin. PMID- 3239888 TI - Behavioral effects of bombesin. PMID- 3239889 TI - Influence of bombesin on gastrointestinal and pancreatic cell growth in adult and suckling animals. AB - Chronic administration of bombesin in the adult rat affects cell growth and enzyme activities in the pancreas. It also induces hyperplasia of the fundic mucosa, increases antral gastrin content, and stimulates gastrin cell proliferation in the antral mucosa. These effects could be explained by the release of hormones such as gastrin and CCK, whose trophic roles on the digestive tract are well proven. Some arguments raise the possibility that bombesin may also act directly on these organs (i.e., the presence of specific receptors for bombesin, pancreatic changes induced by bombesin and not blocked by a potent, specific CCK receptor antagonist). It may well be that both mechanisms exist simultaneously. In addition, bombesin has a growth-promoting effect on the gastric mucosa and pancreas of suckling rats when administered either subcutaneously or orogastrically. Keeping in mind that the maternal milk contains a bombesin-like immunoreactant peptide, we consider that the latter finding raises questions about the possible physiological role of such a peptide in the regulation of the postnatal development of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3239890 TI - Neuromedin B and neuromedin Ca. Two mammalian bombesin-like peptides identified in porcine spinal cord and brain. PMID- 3239891 TI - The distribution and biological effects of neuromedins B and U. PMID- 3239892 TI - Neuromedin B: physiological and pharmacological perturbations. PMID- 3239893 TI - Consideration of the chemistry of solid-phase matrix interaction leads to improved quantitation of neuropeptides. PMID- 3239894 TI - Phyllolitorins: a new family of bombesin-like peptides. PMID- 3239895 TI - Localization and development of bombesin/GRP-like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system. PMID- 3239896 TI - Quantification of bombesin-like peptides in mammalian spinal cord. PMID- 3239897 TI - [Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis type IIa]. PMID- 3239899 TI - [Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa. Neonatal presentation]. PMID- 3239898 TI - [Basal cell nevus syndrome and medulloblastoma]. PMID- 3239900 TI - [Facio-genito-popliteal syndrome with incomplete manifestation. Cutaneous, linear and unilateral aplasia of the leg with genital involvement]. PMID- 3239901 TI - [Becker's nevus and breast hypoplasia]. PMID- 3239902 TI - [Subcutaneous lipoma disclosing intradural lipoma]. PMID- 3239903 TI - [Multiple cutaneous and hepatic angioma in a newborn infant]. PMID- 3239904 TI - [Acute disseminated multinodular non-recurrent fat necrosis in children]. PMID- 3239905 TI - [Cazenave's pemphigus foliaceus: therapeutic difficulties. Aspects of transient acanthosis nigricans during healing]. PMID- 3239906 TI - [Lipoatrophic diabetes with insulin resistance controlled by metformin]. PMID- 3239907 TI - [Cutaneo-systemic vasculitis in homozygote C4 deficiency]. PMID- 3239909 TI - [Chronic bartonellosis of the Verruga peruana type (Carrion's disease)]. PMID- 3239908 TI - [Microsporum praecox: apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 3239910 TI - [Sea-blue histiocytes and myospherulosis in a HIV seropositive patient]. PMID- 3239911 TI - [Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (staphylococcal Lyell's syndrome) in adults: 2 cases]. PMID- 3239912 TI - [Trichoadenoma of Nikolowski]. PMID- 3239913 TI - [Parkes-Weber telangiectatic carcinoma]. PMID- 3239914 TI - [Metastatic epithelioid sarcoma]. PMID- 3239915 TI - [Inverted papilloma of the face]. PMID- 3239916 TI - [Sinus histiocytosis with cutaneous lesions and thoracic herpes zoster]. PMID- 3239917 TI - [Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji's disease)]. PMID- 3239918 TI - [Mycosis fungoides. Unexpected etiology of chronic eczema of the hands with digital gigantism]. PMID- 3239919 TI - [Intravascular malignant lymphoma (proliferative systemic angioendotheliomatosis)]. PMID- 3239920 TI - [A case of Hartnup disease]. PMID- 3239921 TI - [Toyama's pityriasis rotunda]. PMID- 3239922 TI - [Hopf's acrokeratosis verruciformis or acral Darier's disease]. PMID- 3239923 TI - [Confluent and reticular papillomatosis of Gougerot-Carteaud with cutaneous amyloid deposit]. PMID- 3239925 TI - [Hydroa vacciniforme type eruption disclosing hereditary coproporphyria]. PMID- 3239924 TI - [Confluent and reticular papillomatosis with Acanthosis nigricans. Hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 3239926 TI - [Photo-aggravated Parthenium hysterophorus contact eczema]. PMID- 3239928 TI - Plastic surgery in The Netherlands. PMID- 3239927 TI - [Impetigo herpetiformis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3239929 TI - The result of breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer in 109 patients. AB - One hundred and eleven breast reconstructions after a mastectomy for carcinoma in 109 patients are reported. Depending on the quality of muscle and skin coverage, reconstructions were performed either with a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap or a subpectoral prosthesis (including expander prosthesis). The follow-up involved 90 patients. The purely aesthetic results as well as the very positive result of reconstruction with regard to appearance in clothing, participation in sports, and self-esteem were of great importance to the patients. The difference in ptosis, the most obvious shortcoming in our reconstructions, is discussed. Attention is given to the importance of flap planning and the restoration of the anterior axillary fold in the latissimus dorsi flap reconstructions. The disappointing results of tissue expansion and the shortcomings of the nipple areola reconstructions are discussed. PMID- 3239930 TI - Experiences with the lateral calcaneal artery flap. AB - A chronic ulcer of the posterior heel or lateral ankle can be a large problem for the patient. The lateral calcaneal artery flap is a reliable neurovascular local skin flap that can cover the defect after excision of the ulcer in this area. The flap includes the lateral calcaneal artery, sural nerve, and lesser saphenous vein. We performed seven lateral calcaneal artery flaps from 1974 to 1986 for chronic ulcers of the heel or lateral malleolus. None failed. All patients can wear closed shoes. Two donor sites showed secondary healing. One donor site showed hyperkeratosis resulting from inappropriate planning of the flap. PMID- 3239932 TI - Malignant tumors of the external ear. AB - Although only a few of the malignant tumors of the skin develop in the external ear, they are more frequent than one would expect. These tumors recur and develop metastases more often than tumors in other sites. Because of this and because of surrounding vital structures, these tumors have a poor prognosis. Surgical therapy, that is, wide excision, is better than radiotherapy. Many methods for reconstruction of the external ear have been published, and sometimes plastic protheses are acceptable. From 1982 to 1986, 17 patients with malignant tumors of the external ear were treated in our center. There were 15 men and 2 women. The mean age was 73 years. There were 4 basal cell and 12 squamous cell carcinomas, and 1 patient had malignant melanoma of the external ear. Nine of these tumors were on the helix. During the follow-up period, 6 patients had local recurrent disease. In 7 patients, reexcision had to be performed several times after incomplete excision. Six patients are alive without any sign of the disease, and 3 patients died. PMID- 3239931 TI - Lipodystrophy and its treatment. AB - Lipodystrophy, almost exclusively seen in female patients, causes psychological problems at an early age. In later life, additional complaints are heavy painful legs, edema, and varicose veins. Nearly all patients suffer from alimentary adiposity. Dermolipectomies in general are not advisable because of the resulting large scars and the risk of damaging the lymphatic system. Subcutaneous lipectomy according to the Illouz method can provide good results. Weight loss is a good alternative to liposuction of the upper legs. After sufficient weight loss, only additional liposuction of the trochanteric area and the medial side of the knee is needed. No unpleasant scarring of the leg results. Unfortunately, older patients often require a skin reduction. The results of surgery in the lower legs were, except in 2 patients, good to excellent. The results in the upper legs were disappointing because 9 of 11 patients gained weight again after surgery. Considering this, the preferable treatment now is liposuction of the lower legs, medial side of the knee, and the trochanteric area. Only in cases of ptotic skin on the medial side of the upper legs is skin reduction without lipectomy indicated. Lipodystrophy suggests a disappearance of the subcutaneous fat. When this occurs in the upper part of the body, it is called progressive lipodystrophy. Lipodystrophy is known as an abnormality of the lower half of the female body, swollen by deposition of subcutaneous fat and determined by heredity. It occurs more frequently in the lower social classes and is often accompanied by an alimentary obesity which is a psychological reaction to the disturbed body image.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3239933 TI - Reconstruction of bone and soft tissue defects with free fibula transfer. AB - More and more it is recognized that for the reconstruction of extensive long-bone defects, especially in combination with soft tissue loss, revascularized bone transfers are preferable. For the reconstruction of larger bony defects, revascularized crista iliaca bone or fibula bone are the first choice. The fibula has certain advantages over the crista: It is a straight cortical bone, the length is almost always sufficient to reconstruct large defects, and soft tissue reconstruction is possible by including a skin island. A short description of the operation technique, pitfalls, and indications are given. PMID- 3239935 TI - Pressure resistance of breast implants as a function of implantation time. AB - Using a relatively simple test, breaking pressures of 50 gel-filled breast implants that had to be removed have been evaluated. These pressures values were compared with forces generated in executing closed capsulotomy (nutcracker method). It is shown that there is a negative correlation between pressure resistance of breast implants and duration of implantation. After an implantation time of more than five years, our advice is to perform closed capsulotomy if done in a very gentle way, and implant rupture then certainly has to be taken into account. PMID- 3239934 TI - Postoperative monitoring of allogeneic limb transplantation in rats. AB - Allogeneic limb transplantation with and without immunosuppression has been successfully reported. We used the experimental model described by Fritz and colleagues to investigate the value of different factors in the rejection phase. Twenty rats of inbred strains sustained an allogeneic limb transplantation without immunosuppression. In 6 rats an isologous limb transplantation was performed as a control group. Factors investigated in the transplanted limb were glucose, lactic acid, and blood gases of the peripheral blood, as well as laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF) recordings and histology. All factors were compared with the normal contralateral limb of the rat. All rats were killed between days 2 to 14 following operation. In the allogeneic limb transplantation model in the rat, clinical and histological examination as well as LDF measurements (p less than 0.0001) are good factors for rejection. In contrast, peripheral blood gases, glucose, and lactate were not useful as factors for rejection. In this model, however, LDF values cannot predict an initial onset of the rejection before clinical signs are evident, presumably because of the impossibility of continuous measurements. PMID- 3239936 TI - Resolution of experimental microvascular vasoconstriction in rats by topical application of lidocaine hydrochloride in varying concentrations. AB - Various lidocaine hydrocholoride concentrations were used to measure the degree of resolution of ergotamine-induced vasospasm of the rat tail artery. Also further studies are indicated; 12% lidocaine seems to be as effective as 20% lidocaine. The widely used 2% lidocaine had little effect on the experimentally induced vasospasm. PMID- 3239937 TI - Craniofacial contouring and porous acrylic cement. AB - Porous acrylic cement permitting ingrowth of soft and hard tissue was developed in the mid-1970s. After several years of animal experimentation, a clinical trial started in 1978. Twenty-nine selected patients had craniofacial contouring with in situ curing porous acrylic cement. It is an easy one-stage procedure with a good fixation of the prosthesis. The result is a definite good contour reconstruction. It offers the craniofacial surgeon a useful alternative in selected cases when autogenous bone grafting or an intracranial approach is not indicated or not sought by the patient. PMID- 3239938 TI - The innervated tensor fasciae latae flap in patients with meningomyelocele. AB - An anatomical study concerning the sensory innervation of the tensor fascia lata (TFL) area was performed in 51 cadavers. Consequently, an innervated TFL flap was developed with an extended anteromedial border, by comparison with the classic TFL flap. This flap was used in surgery on 6 patients with meningomyelocele at L3 or lower level for unilateral ischial pressure sores. During follow-up, no recurrences were seen either on the operated side or on the contralateral side. PMID- 3239939 TI - Rotational deformity of the index finger caused by reversed finger sucking. AB - Five patients with deformities of the index finger are presented. We believe all five are due to finger sucking. The deformity usually consists of a combination of rotation, radial deviation in the metacarpal phalangeal joint, and hyperextension in the proximal interphalangeal joint; one of these is more pronounced. In our series the rotational deformity and deviation were the most prominent features. Cause, incidence, and other factors influencing this deformity as well as spontaneous regression and therapy are discussed. PMID- 3239940 TI - [Importance of embolization in the prognosis of cancer of the kidney]. PMID- 3239942 TI - [Direct puncture of pulseless arteries: a possible angiographic alternative in patients with multiple vessel disease]. PMID- 3239941 TI - [Arteritis and lumbar sympatholysis guided by x-ray computed tomography. Our experience apropos of 322 procedures]. PMID- 3239943 TI - [Comparative value of bone marrow radionuclide study in the diagnosis of post traumatic aseptic osteonecrosis of the femur head. Retrospective study]. PMID- 3239944 TI - [Extra-anatomical pyelocystotomy and treatment of ureteral fistula after palliative colonic surgery. Apropos of an original observation]. PMID- 3239945 TI - [Diagnostic value of intra-arterial buflomedil, during arteriography of the limbs]. PMID- 3239946 TI - Control of oral anticoagulant therapy. AB - In an effort better to standardize the control of oral anticoagulant therapy, it has recently been recommended that the prothrombin time be reported in the form of an International Normalized Ratio (INR) based upon calibration of the locally employed thromboplastin with an International Reference Preparation. It has been demonstrated in our laboratory that the INR does minimize the differences in results which ensue from variations in the source of thromboplastin and instrumentation and should hopefully allow for better interlaboratory comparisons in the future. Recent studies have also suggested that many American patients tend to be over anticoagulated and at greater risk for hemorrhage. Based upon those findings, over 40 percent of our specimens were above the currently recommended levels. PMID- 3239947 TI - Acute renal failure owing to inadvertent vancomycin overdose. Vancomycin removal by continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. AB - Acute renal failure developed in a patient who received 56 grams of vancomycin intravenously over a 10 day period. The resulting serum vancomycin level was 284 micrograms per ml and declined to 140 micrograms per ml in a linear fashion with the institution of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH). Our conclusion is that high blood vancomycin levels may be nephrotoxic and CAVH may be an effective means of vancomycin removal in patients with acute renal failure. PMID- 3239948 TI - Rhodamine B fluorescence as a stain for amniotic fluid squames in maternal pulmonary embolism and fetal lungs. AB - Rhodamine B fluorescence is presented as a simple, rapid, highly sensitive, permanent method for the histologic detection of squames in maternal amniotic fluid emboli and fetal lungs in cases of intrauterine asphyxia. The method may be used on alcohol fixed smears or formalin fixed paraffin sections. The application of this procedure allows for identification of sparsely distributed fetal squames which otherwise may be overlooked by less sensitive tinctorial methods which may also be more tedious in technical preparation and screening. PMID- 3239949 TI - Comparison of the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of aztreonam and amikacin against gram negative aerobic bacilli. AB - Aztreonam has been compared both in vitro and in clinical trials to aminoglycosides in its activity against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory and killing abilities of aztreonam and amikacin were examined against five gram-negative bacillary strains. Time kill analysis was carried out at serum achievable concentrations (25 micrograms per ml amikacin, 100 and 200 micrograms per ml aztreonam) and levels found three to five hours post-infusion (8 micrograms per ml amikacin and 25 micrograms per ml aztreonam). Amikacin killed all five strains faster than aztreonam at all the concentrations tested. Regrowth and the presence of persisters were observed in aztreonam-treated cultures. In the presence of amikacin, there was no detectable increase in cell mass, as measured by optical density. However, following aztreonam treatment, bacterial cell mass increased in the first two to three hours before decreasing. Long, filamentous cells were observed in aztreonam-containing cultures. Though amikacin and aztreonam are bactericidal drugs, prolonged bacterial survival, continued cell growth, regrowth, and persisters were observed only in aztreonam-treated cultures. PMID- 3239950 TI - Encephalitis among Cree children in northern Quebec. AB - We report a neurological disease among Cree Indian children in a northern Quebec village. The disease manifests as severe mental retardation, cerebral atrophy with white matter changes and calcifications, and systemic immunological abnormalities. Eleven cases are known in five families. The familial incidence of cases and the high degree of parental consanguinity suggest a genetic contribution. We propose that this entity may be caused by an unusual viral infection in a genetically vulnerable host. PMID- 3239951 TI - Leukoencephalopathy among native Indian infants in northern Quebec and Manitoba. AB - We report 14 cases of a severe familial leukoencephalopathy among native North American Indian infants in northern Quebec and Manitoba. Affected infants have hypotonia and mild motor delay, followed by seizures, hypotonia or spasticity, eye deviation, and abnormal posture during a febrile illness around 6 months of age. Death follows a rigid, vegetative state that manifests days to months after disease onset and is marked in some cases by prominent autonomic disturbances, blindness, and cessation of head growth. Symmetrical hemispheric white matter lucencies and diffuse hypomyelination of the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem are the radiological and pathological hallmarks. This disease differs from the known diseases of cerebral myelin. An autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance awaits statistical confirmation. The proposed cause is a delay in development or abnormal turnover of central nervous system myelin. PMID- 3239952 TI - Ataxia-ocular motor apraxia: a syndrome mimicking ataxia-telangiectasia. AB - We report 14 patients with a slowly progressive syndrome featuring ataxia, choreoathetosis, and ocular motor apraxia in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Although the neurological signs were indistinguishable from those of ataxia-telangiectasia, the onset tended to be later and none of the patients had evidence of multisystemic involvement. Specifically, there was no tendency to frequent infections, and immunoglobulins, alpha-fetoprotein, T- and B-lymphocyte markers, and chromosomes 7 and 14 were normal in all tested patients. The simultaneous absence of telangiectasias and of other nonneurological manifestations made ataxia-telangiectasia an unlikely diagnosis. We suggest that these patients suffer from an unusual type of spinocerebellar degeneration. This syndrome has been observed in different populations from three continents, with a genetic pattern suggesting recessive autosomal inheritance. PMID- 3239953 TI - Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with poor-risk medulloblastoma: a preliminary report. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that preoperative and postoperative factors can broadly stratify patients with medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (MB/PNET) into risk groups. For children with factors that suggest poor outcome after treatment with surgery and radiotherapy, the addition of chemotherapy can improve survival. Since 1983, 26 children with poor-risk posterior fossa MB/PNET have been treated at our institution with craniospinal radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of vincristine during radiotherapy and eight 6-week cycles of vincristine, cis-platinum, and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3 cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU). Twenty-five of 26 patients (96%) who have been entered on this protocol remain alive and free of disease at a median of 24 months from diagnosis (range 6 to 50 months). Twenty patients have completed all therapy and are at a median of 32 months from initial diagnosis with no evidence of disease. These patients were compared to a group of children with similar prognostic features treated at our institution between 1975 and 1983. Actuarial disease-free survival was statistically significantly better for protocol patients than for historical control subjects (p less than 0.002). This difference was most marked in patients who had received radiation therapy alone (p less than 0.0003). Actuarial 2-year disease-free survival was 96% for patients on protocol as compared to 59% for historical control patients who had been treated with radiotherapy alone. The chemotherapy given in this protocol was well tolerated. The results of this study, although preliminary, suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy is at least transiently effective in improving the rate of disease free survival for children with poor-risk MB/PNET. PMID- 3239954 TI - Infantile and fetal globoid cell leukodystrophy: analysis of galactosylceramide and galactosylsphingosine. AB - Galactosylceramide and galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) were assayed in tissues from infants and fetuses with globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD). Galactosylceramide concentrations were not increased in nervous tissues or other organs. Using a sensitive assay method, we found galactosylsphingosine accumulations in GLD tissues, both infantile and fetal, which suggests that GLD is a generalized galactosylsphingosine storage disease. High galactosylsphingosine levels were observed in the brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve of infants with GLD and in the spinal cord of a fetus with GLD, where lesions characteristic to GLD were noted. In tissues without morphological changes, such as somatic organs and the brain in fetal GLD, galactosylsphingosine concentrations were low. These results suggest that a close relationship exists between galactosylsphingosine accumulation and the pathogenesis of GLD. The finding that galactosylsphingosine, but not galactosylceramide, accumulates in the tissue of GLD can be explained by our previous observation that galactosylceramide, but not galactosylsphingosine, is readily hydrolyzed by an intact galactosylceramidase II, which is genetically distinct from galactosylceramidase I. PMID- 3239955 TI - Evidence for retrograde degeneration of epinephrine neurons in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a progressive loss of locus ceruleus neurons. These noradrenergic neurons receive a major afferent projection from epinephrine neurons in epinephrine cell groups in the brainstem. The epinephrine neurons have a specific enzymatic marker, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), which allows them to be identified chemically and immunohistochemically. We have previously reported a decrease in PNMT in brains of patients with AD. We now report that the decrease in PNMT activity in projections to the locus ceruleus is not due to the loss of epinephrine neurons, although up to 33% of these neurons are atrophic. The decrease in presynaptic PNMT does, however, correlate with the loss of postsynaptic locus ceruleus neurons in brains from AD patients. The percentage of degenerating neurons in the epinephrine nuclei also correlates significantly with the amount of loss of locus ceruleus neurons in AD. In addition, there is a 55% decrease in mitogen activity, a nonspecific measure of growth or maintenance factors, in dialysed locus ceruleus extracts from the AD patients compared to those from control subjects. The mitogen activity in the locus ceruleus was significantly correlated with PNMT activity and with the density of locus ceruleus neurons in all cases examined. These findings provide evidence for the hypothesis that retrograde degeneration is a mechanism of neuronal degeneration in AD and suggest that trophic factors may play a role in this process. PMID- 3239956 TI - Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration: clinical-immunological correlations. AB - Four different antineuronal autoantibodies have been identified in 23 of 47 patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). The most common, an antibody against 34- to 38-kDa and 62- to 64-kDa protein antigens in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells, was found in 18 patients. It is a highly specific marker for a severe stereotypical subacute pancerebellar syndrome of truncal and appendicular ataxia, dysarthria, and nystagmus in women with cancer (usually ovarian or breast carcinoma). Different anti-Purkinje cell antibodies (APCA) were found in 2 other patients with PCD. With two possible exceptions, an APCA was not found in patients with other neurological diseases, with cancer not associated with neurological symptoms, or in normal subjects. Antibodies reactive with neuronal nucleoproteins were identified in 3 other patients with PCD: an antibody that recognized 35- to 40-kDa neuronal antigens was found in 2 women with small cell lung carcinoma, while an antibody in a woman with breast carcinoma identified 53- to 61-kDa and 79- to 84-kDa antigens. Detection of an antineuronal antibody in a patient without known cancer should prompt a careful search for a tumor at a site appropriate to the antibody type. PMID- 3239958 TI - Myopathy with unique ultrastructural feature in Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome. AB - We have investigated 3 children aged 6, 3, and 2 years, from 2 families, with the clinical features of Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome. Muscle biopsy specimens from all 3 were abnormal and showed small vacuoles and slight variation in fiber size. Electron microscopy revealed vacuolation and membranous whorls and, in particular, a unique dense membranous structure associated with nuclei. These cases emphasize the involvement of muscle in Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome and the importance of electron microscopy in differential diagnosis. PMID- 3239957 TI - Rate of cell death in parkinsonism indicates active neuropathological process. AB - It has been hypothesized that idiopathic parkinsonism might be due to age-related attrition of dopamine neurons occurring long after an initial acute episode. We present evidence against this hypothesis, based on our finding of at least six times as many HLA-DR-positive microglia phagocytosing dopamine neurons in parkinsonian brains as in control brains. This difference indicates an active pathological process. PMID- 3239960 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging findings in stroke patients with convulsive onset. PMID- 3239959 TI - Absence status epilepticus with computed tomographic brain changes following metrizamide myelography. AB - Absence status epilepticus following metrizamide myelography was associated with computed tomographic scan evidence of a high concentration of the dye in brain gray matter. We suggest that absence status epilepticus is due to the direct effect of metrizamide on the cortex and that this clinically treatable condition may have escaped diagnosis in previous reports. PMID- 3239961 TI - Sneddon syndrome: another mendelian etiology of stroke. PMID- 3239962 TI - Obesity and food intake in children: evidence for a role of metabolic and/or behavioral daily rhythms. AB - Food intake was studied in 339 French children, aged 7-12 years. Daily energy consumption and distribution of intake over the waking hours estimated from dietary histories were compared in children of five corpulence categories. The categories (lean, slim, average, fat, obese) were defined on the basis of the weight/height2 index. No difference in estimated daily energy intake was observed between corpulence groups; however, the reported distribution of intake over the waking hours varied. Obese and fat children ate less at breakfast and more at dinner than leaner peers. The traditionally larger meals of the day (lunch and dinner) represented higher proportions of daily intake in fat and obese children; the energy value of breakfast and afternoon snack was inversely related to corpulence. Although these effects do not rule out hyperphagia or increased 'externality' in some overweight subjects, the results suggest a possible contribution of disturbed metabolic and/or behavioral daily cycles in the development of overweight. This hypothesis, which should be investigated further, suggests prevention strategies. PMID- 3239963 TI - Obesity, restrained eating and the cumulative intake curve. AB - The cumulative intake curves of 50 obese and 86 normal weight women during test meals were related to body mass index, age and the three factors of Stunkard & Messick's questionnaire (Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 29, 71-83), cognitive restraint, disinhibition and perceived hunger. Eating behaviour was monitored by a concealed camera and rate of intake via an electronic balance built into the table under the plate. The eating behaviour of each subject was very consistent over a series of three or six lunches of the same solid food consumed solitarily in a constant environment, with marked differences between subjects. Differences in body mass index over the whole sample were not related to the shape of the cumulative intake curve during test meals. In multiple regression analysis, the normal-weight subjects who scored high on disinhibition of restraint in response to emotions and external influences showed a more nearly constant rate of intake. In a separate multiple regression, the overweight subjects with the same characteristic showed a decelerating rate of intake. Susceptibility to hunger had no discernible relationship to the shape of the cumulative intake curve in either normal or overweight subjects. We conclude that the shape of the cumulative intake curve can be attributed more to cognitive than to biological factors. PMID- 3239964 TI - Type A behaviour, eating pattern and nutrient intake: the Caerphilly Study. AB - Relationships between type A behaviour and eating pattern and nutrient intake were investigated in a representative sample of 532 employed men aged 45-59 years drawn from the Caerphilly study. Eating pattern and nutrient intake were assessed by 7-day weighed dietary records. A change in Framingham type A scores from the lower third to the upper third was associated with a 9% reduction in meal size and a 6% increase in meal frequency. No trends with type A were found for nutrient intake in absolute terms. For means of nutrient intake as a percentage of energy, however, higher values for sugar and lower values for starch and polyunsaturated fat were observed with higher type A scores. In multiple regression analysis, after control for the effects of age, height, social class and smoking, significant associations with type A were found only for meal size, dietary fibre per MJ and sugar as a percentage of energy. It is concluded that diet is unlikely to be an explanation of the relationship between type A and ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 3239966 TI - Prediction of reported consumption of selected fat-containing foods. AB - A total of 100 American females (mean age = 20.8 years) completed a questionnaire, in which their beliefs, evaluations, liking and consumption (frequency, consumption compared to others, intention to consume) of milk, cheese, ice cream, chocolate and "high-fat foods" were measured. For the design and analysis, the basic frame of reference was the Fishbein-Ajzen model of reasoned action, but the final analyses were carried out with stepwise multiple regression analysis. In addition to the components of the Fishbein-Ajzen model, beliefs and evaluations were used as independent variables. On the average, subjects reported liking all the products but not "high-fat foods", and thought that milk and cheese were "good for you" whereas the remaining items were "bad for you". Principal component analysis for beliefs revealed factors related to pleasantness/benefit aspects, to health and weight concern and to the "functionality" of the foods. In stepwise multiple regression analyses, liking was the predominant predictor of reported consumption for all the foods, but various belief factors, particularly those related to concern with weight, also significantly predicted consumption. Social factors played only a minor role. The multiple R's of the predictive functions varied from 0.49 to 0.74. The fact that all four foods studied elicited individual sets of beliefs and belief structures, and that none of them was rated similar to the generic "high-fat foods", emphasizes that consumers attach meaning to integrated food entities rather than to ingredients. PMID- 3239965 TI - Macronutrient selection in an animal model of cholestatic liver disease. AB - Diet selection was investigated in an animal model of cholestatic liver disease produced by bile duct ligation. Animals self-selected diets from separate sources of macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate). Diet selection was evaluated when the fat source was comprised of either a primarily medium-chain fat (coconut oil) or a primarily long-chain fat (Crisco vegetable shortening). Relative to intakes of control animals, bile duct ligated (BDL) animals consuming the long-chain fat decreased fat intake, decreased protein intake, and increased carbohydrate intake. Consumption of the fat source was decreased in BDL rats fed the medium chain fat relative to intakes of control animals, however carbohydrate and protein intakes were not affected. Total caloric intake was comparable to control intakes by day 16 post-ligation in BDL rats fed the long-chain fat and by day 11 in BDL rats fed the medium-chain fat. Body weight gain was significantly greater in BDL rats fed the medium-chain fat than in those fed the long-chain fat. Mortality was 44% in BDL animals fed the long-chain fat, and 0% in those fed the medium-chain fat. The results suggest that BDL animals make dietary selections which may decrease the severity of liver disease. Differences between ligated animals consuming either medium- or long-chain fats suggest that some fat sources may be more beneficial during cholestasis. PMID- 3239967 TI - Interindividual and intraindividual variation in repeated measures of 24-hour dietary recall in the elderly. AB - While several studies have examined the validity of the 24-hour recall as a method for assessment of dietary intake in older people, none has examined the components of variability of dietary data obtained from the 24-hour recalls of older adults. The ability to detect differences in group means, and estimates of correlation and regression coefficients, are all reduced when intraindividual (within-subject) variability in a measure is large in comparison to interindividual (between-subject) variability. The present study considered the components of variance of four 24-hour diet recalls taken bimonthly, for 220 adults whose mean age was 72 years. Two components of variability were estimated for 23 nutritional variables: an interindividual (between-subjects) variance component and an intraindividual (within-subjects) variance component. The ratio of intraindividual to interindividual variance differed substantially as a function of the nutritional parameter being assessed. Methods are presented for determining the number of dietary recalls needed to keep the attenuation of correlation and regression coefficients within a specified level. Power calculations for the test of equal means in two independent groups are also presented. PMID- 3239968 TI - Harmonic convergence. PMID- 3239969 TI - Are critical care units hazardous to health? PMID- 3239970 TI - The new National Center for Nursing Research: patient care research programs. PMID- 3239971 TI - Nurses' intuition. PMID- 3239972 TI - A special Alzheimer's unit: Phase I baseline data. PMID- 3239973 TI - Health attitudes and intentions: predictions of treatment for myocardial patients. PMID- 3239974 TI - The telephone interview. PMID- 3239975 TI - The health diary. PMID- 3239976 TI - Research in practice: the role of the staff nurse. PMID- 3239977 TI - Chronic pain: a guide to nursing intervention. PMID- 3239978 TI - Beyond statistical significance. PMID- 3239980 TI - Images of nurses. PMID- 3239979 TI - How do you define and clarify a research problem? PMID- 3239981 TI - Clinical nursing research: its meaning to the practicing nurse. PMID- 3239982 TI - Newborn Apgar scores of babies born in birthing rooms vs. traditional delivery rooms. PMID- 3239983 TI - Discharge planning for psychiatric inpatients: evaluation of one technique. PMID- 3239984 TI - Meaning and measurement of quality nursing care. PMID- 3239986 TI - Do patients sleep in the hospital? PMID- 3239985 TI - Clinical decision-making and computer support. PMID- 3239987 TI - Diminished tissue tolerance: influence on pressure sore development in the institutionalized elderly. PMID- 3239989 TI - Aspects of validity in clinical nursing research. PMID- 3239988 TI - A management data base for staffing analysis. PMID- 3239990 TI - The joys and triumphs of clinical nursing research. PMID- 3239991 TI - Toward research-based nursing practice: the Denver Collaborative Research Network. PMID- 3239992 TI - Nurse-physician communication. PMID- 3239993 TI - The drug-taking practices of the rural elderly. PMID- 3239994 TI - Decentralization of patient charts: what does it accomplish? PMID- 3239995 TI - The elderly and fall prevention. PMID- 3239996 TI - Patients' and nurses' perceptions of patient problems during the immediate postpartum period. PMID- 3239997 TI - Patterns of nausea and vomiting in antineoplastic postchemotherapy patients. PMID- 3239998 TI - Changing to primary nursing. PMID- 3239999 TI - Content analysis: a method for studying clinical nursing problems. PMID- 3240000 TI - Interrater reliability: the underdeveloped role of rater training. PMID- 3240001 TI - Preterm labor and bacterial intra-amniotic infection: arachidonic acid liberation by the action of phospholipase A2. AB - There is a strong association between preterm labor and infection, presumably through an increase in prostaglandin (PG) formation. The studies presented in this report were undertaken to evaluate whether bacterial products stimulate endogenous phospholipid hydrolysis and arachidonic acid liberation by the action of phospholipase A2, a rate-limiting step for PG synthesis. When human endometrial cells prelabelled with [3H]arachidonic acid to an isotopically steady state were exposed to a medium conditioned with Bacteroides fragilis, arachidonic acid liberation was stimulated, accompanied with lysophospholipid formation. Similar stimulatory effect on phospholipid degradation was also observed in the experiments with the bacterial extract. These results demonstrate that the organism produces phospholipase A2 acting on endogenous phospholipids and/or factor(s) activating phospholipase A2. Phospholipase A2 is suggested as a mechanism for the onset of labor associated with intra-amniotic infection and arachidonic acid liberation. PMID- 3240002 TI - Combination chemotherapy with epirubicin and cisplatin in ovarian carcinoma. AB - Combination chemotherapy with epirubicin-cisplatin was employed after surgical treatment in 67 women with ovarian carcinoma. 50 mg/m2 of epirubicin and cisplatin each were administered at monthly intervals. The response rate was correlated with the clinical stage and the residual disease. Tumor regression (CR + PR) was observed in 63.6% of patients with stage III disease, and in 50% of those with stage IV disease. Furthermore, complete or partial responses were obtained in 86.4% of patients with a residual deposit of 2-5 cm, and in 33.3% of women with a residual deposit exceeding 5 cm in diameter. Anemia occurred in 47.8%, leukopenia in 43.3%, and thrombocytopenia in 4.5% of the patients. No cardiotoxicity was recorded. PMID- 3240003 TI - The development of the placental villus during normal pregnancy: morphometric data base. AB - The morphological structures of the terminal villus of the normal human placenta were evaluated morphometrically throughout pregnancy. The Videoplan (Kontron) system was used to measure a total of 6000 villi. The cross-sectional surface and circumference of the villus decrease continuously until the 28th week and remain stable thereafter. The cross-sectional surface, number, and circumference of villous vessels only increase until the 20th week. The relative degree of vascularization, however, increases further until 28th week together with a continuous decrease in villous size. Epithelial plates start to appear in the 18th to 20th week, and their development is essentially completed by the 28th week. According to the data presented, the development and differentiation of the placental villus are completed by the 28th week of gestation. Any further increase in nutritional capacity can only be provided by an increase in the number of villi and not their individual maturation. These results represent a morphometric data base for the quantification of retarded placental development in placental insufficiency. PMID- 3240004 TI - Development of mouse embryos following conventional and ultra rapid cryopreservation. AB - A conventional computer-controlled program for cryopreservation of mouse embryos at the 4 to 8 cell stage was compared with various methods of ultra rapid cooling. 104 embryos were frozen by using the conventional cooling program. 79% of the embryos developed to blastocysts after thawing. Sixty-three embryos were vitrified and 81% reached the blastocyst stage within 2 days of culture. Using the ultra rapid cooling program A (4-step equilibration of embryos in cryoprotectant) 62% of embryos survived after freezing and thawing. Only 12% survival rate could be achieved by employing the ultra rapid program B (2-step equilibration of embryos in cryoprotectant). The significantly higher survival rate of program A compared to program B was due to the longer equilibration time and therefore presumably higher intracellular concentration of cryoprotectant. In program B the short equilibration time with the cryoprotectant seemed to result in an inadequate dehydration of blastomeres leading to intracellular ice formation and cell destruction. PMID- 3240005 TI - Selective fetocide by direct intracardiac injection of isotonic potassium chloride. AB - In multiple pregnancies with one abnormal fetus the active options are termination of pregnancy or selective fetocide. The different methods of selective fetocide are discussed and the intracardiac instillation of potassium chloride is described in a case report. Coagulation disturbances were not observed during follow-up. PMID- 3240006 TI - Herpetiform cutaneous metastases following negative second look laparatomy for ovarian adenocarcinoma. AB - Cutaneous metastases from gynecologic malignancy are rarely reported, and when present are invariably accompanied by intraperitoneal disease. In the present case extensive metastases to the skin of the abdomen, groin, thigh and perineum appeared six weeks following extensive "second look" laparotomy which revealed no evidence of intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal disease. The appearance of cutaneous metastases was preceded by only a one month history of leg swelling, erythema, and a markedly elevated serum CA-125. Problems in the differential diagnosis and management of this clinical situation are discussed. PMID- 3240008 TI - The effects on longevity and fecundity of Glossina tachinoides after feeding on pigs treated with ivermectin. PMID- 3240007 TI - Urinary excretion of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in pre-eclampsia. AB - In order to investigate whether urinary excretion of prostaglandins (PG) is involved in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia, urinary immunoreactive 6-keto PGF1 alpha and TXB2 were measured in normal and pre-eclamptic women by radio immunoassay after extraction with Bond Elut column. Urinary levels of 6-keto PGF1 alpha and TXB2 were expressed as ratio of urinary concentration of prostaglandin vs. creatinine (pg prostaglandin/mg creatinine; pg/mg cre.). Urinary excretion in normal pregnant and postpartum women were 211.2 +/- 33.8 and 160.1 +/- 9.1 pg/mg cre., respectively. In the pre-eclamptic group, urinary excretion of 6-keto PGF1 alpha was 105.3 +/- 28.2 pg/mg cre. in pregnancy and 99.0 +/- 12.5 pg/mg cre. in the postpartum period. Urinary excretion of 6-keto PGF1 alpha in the pre eclamptic group was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than in normal controls during pregnancy but not in the postpartum period. Urinary excretion of TXB2 was not significantly different between the two groups. The urinary excretion of 6-keto PGF1 alpha was measured before and after the onset of pre eclampsia in four cases of edema and weight gain of more than 500 g/week (group e), one case of proteinuria of more than 200 mg/dl with edema (group ep) and three cases of pre-eclampsia (group eph). The urinary excretion of 6-keto PGF1 alpha in these eight patients before onset of pre-eclampsia was slightly lower than of normal controls but not significantly so. In group eph, urinary excretion of PG was decreased after the onset of pre-eclampsia. These results provide further evidence of the involvement of PG in the pathophysiology of pre eclampsia. PMID- 3240009 TI - [Cancer incidence in the hospital of Katana, Kivu, East Zaire, 1983-1986]. PMID- 3240010 TI - Prevalence of hepatitis B antigen among randomized representative urban and rural populations in Gabon. PMID- 3240011 TI - Preliminary observations of tsetse flies fed on a pig dipped in deltamethrin. PMID- 3240012 TI - Viruslike particles in Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Diptera: Glossinidae). PMID- 3240013 TI - [Tuberculosis and anti-HIV seropositivity in Kinshasa, Zaire]. PMID- 3240014 TI - Effects of a newly synthetized calcium antagonist, cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3 nitrophenyl) 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (MPC-2101), on action potentials of rabbit's myocardial tissues in vitro. AB - Electrophysiological effects of cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3-nitrophenyl) 1,4-dihydro 2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (MPC-2101), a newly synthetized compound, were examined in the rabbit SA node and papillary muscle, using a conventional microelectrode technique in vitro. In the SA node, MPC-2101 (10(-8) - 10(-6) M) showed dose-dependent negative chronotropic effects by depressing the slope of slow diastolic repolarization without significant effects on maximum diastolic potential and action potential duration. MPC-2101 (10(-7) - 10(-5) M) had no significant effects on the resting membrane potential, the amplitude and dV/dt of action potentials in papillary muscles, but induced a statistically significant reduction of the plateau phase of the action potential duration measured at 20% repolarization at a concentration of 10(-5) M. MPC-2101, at concentrations lower than 10(-6) M, had no significant effects on the amplitude, dV/dt, or duration of slow action potentials induced in 18 mM (K+]o and histamine at 10(-6) M, but at 3 x 10(-6) M significantly depressed all parameters of the slow action potentials. In higher Ca2+ solution, dose-response curves for MPC-2101 on dV/dt of slow action potentials were shifted to the right. MPC-2101, at a concentration of 3 x 10(-6) M, showed frequency-dependent depression in dV/dt of the slow action potentials. MPC-2101 showed less potent actions than nicardipine on electrophysiological activities of the SA node and papillary muscle. PMID- 3240015 TI - Differential sensitivity to calcium entry blockade of angiotensin II-induced contractions of rat and guinea-pig aorta. AB - Angiotensin II-amide (A II) elicits a concentration-dependent contraction of vascular smooth muscle. This vasoconstriction proved sensitive to calcium entry blockade, more so in rat aorta than in guinea-pig aorta. The structurally different calcium entry blockers (CEB) nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem, concentration-dependently impaired A II-induced vasoconstriction of rat aortic strips until almost complete suppression was obtained. The same pattern of inhibition could be demonstrated by lowering the calcium content of the bath fluid. In guinea-pig aortic preparations, however, complete suppression of the constrictor effect to A II could not be achieved. Diltiazem proved more effective in inhibiting the maximal vasoconstriction to A II than nifedipine and verapamil. For comparison, the ratio between the inhibitory potencies of the CEB studied on vasoconstriction elicited by A II and on K+-induced contractions in both species were calculated; this resulted in A II/K+ ratios close to unity for rat aorta. In guinea-pig aortic strips the ratios proved to vary with the CEB used. In this species, a difference in sensitivity of both influx processes was found both for nifedipine and diltiazem. These findings would implicate the existence of a receptor-operated channel, activated by A II and thus triggering vasoconstriction in addition to the potential-operated channel which can be activated by depolarization. PMID- 3240016 TI - Prostanoids stimulate fibrinolysis in the rat. AB - Fibrinolysis was assessed in urethane-anaesthetized rats challenged by bolus intravenous injection of eicosanoids. A sensitive fibrin plate bioassay was used for this purpose. Classical prostanoids such as PGE2, PGI2, PGD2 and PGF2 alpha produced a dose-related increase in fibrinolysis in the rat which was first evident 15 min post-injection and remained increased until 75 min when experiments were concluded. 6 oxo PGE1, the stable enzymatic metabolite of PGI2, exhibited similar pro-fibrinolytic activity in the rat. The rank order of potency was PGE2 greater than 6 oxo PGE1 greater than PGD2 greater than PGF2 alpha. Neither saline nor Tris-HCl buffer stimulated fibrinolysis. Furthermore, the chemical hydrolysis product of PGI2, 6 oxo PGF1 alpha, and the enzymatic metabolite of PGE2, 15 oxo PGE2, were inactive at doses up to 50 micrograms/kg. LtC4 was also inactive at doses up to 25 micrograms/kg. None of the prostanoids used in this study stimulated fibrinolysis when applied directly to fibrin plates at doses up to 50 micrograms. Prostanoids may owe some of their clinical efficacy in cardiovascular disorders to stimulation of blood fibrinolytic activity. PMID- 3240017 TI - Effects of omeprazole on rat gastric mucus glycoproteins with acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastric damage. AB - Investigations were carried out to determine the effects of omeprazole on mucus glycoprotein in rat gastric mucosa. Quantitative and qualitative changes in mucus glycoprotein, isolated from omeprazole-treated rats with or without acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastric damage, and the degree of gastric mucosal injury were studied. Omeprazole, in a dose-dependent manner, prevented macroscopical mucosal damage induced by acidified acetylsalicylic acid. A considerable decrease in corpus mucus glycoprotein (54%) and antral mucus glycoprotein (72%) was observed in acetylsalicylic acid-treated rats and acetylsalicylic acid reduced the amounts of fucose and galactose of corpus mucus glycoprotein. Pretreatment with omeprazole partially restored a quantitative reduction and a qualitative change of carbohydrate portion in corpus mucus glycoprotein induced by acetylsalicylic acid. A single administration of a high dose of omeprazole (200 mumol/kg) also induced the reduction of corpus mucus glycoprotein content (82%), although no changes in the carbohydrate component were observed. The decrease in corpus mucus glycoproteins induced by omeprazole might be due to a cause different from that of acetylsalicylic acid-induced mucus glycoprotein reduction. PMID- 3240018 TI - The effect of N-acetylneuraminic acid on the mucociliary transport impaired by cigarette smoke. AB - Cigarette smoke exposure impaired the mucociliary transport on the tracheal mucosa of pigeons. N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), but not lactose, dose dependently protected against the impairment of the mucociliary transport. The results suggest that NANA, a representative sialic acid existing on the airway epithelium, may participate the defence mechanism in the respiratory tract against irritant gases. PMID- 3240019 TI - A time-course study of hypothyroidism-induced hypotension: its relation to food deprivation. AB - Concentrations of 0.05, 0.01 and 0.2% propylthiouracil (PTU), incorporated into standard rat chow, induced hypothyroidism in male Sprague-Dawley rats following 6 8 weeks administration. The concentrations caused a progressive decrease in arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), body weight (BW), food intake (FI), levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and an increase in thyrotropin (TSH) levels. There was no clear-cut dose-dependent change in these parameters, since the values obtained for the 3 groups were not significantly different from one another, but were significantly lower than that of control rats (euthyroid). Pair-feeding studies between partial food-deprived euthyroid rats and PTU-induced hypothyroid rats showed that both types of treatment caused a decrease in BW, BP, HR, colonic temperature, levels of T3, T4 and an increase in TSH. The changes were significantly (P less than .05) greater in the hypothyroid than in the food deprived rats at the end of the 6th week and thereafter. PMID- 3240020 TI - Effect of minaprine on neuronal activity in the brain stem reticular formation of the rat. AB - Extracellular single unit recordings were made in the brain stem reticular formation (RF) of urethane-anesthetized rats. Minaprine (cumulative i.v. dose of 10 mg/kg, given as 2.5, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) has no significant effects on the RF neurons. Pentobarbital (10 mg/kg, i.v.) and scopolamine (5 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced the firing rate of the RF neurons. Minaprine (cumulative i.v. dose of 10 mg/kg, given as 2.5, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) reversed the effects of pentobarbital and scopolamine. These observations indicate that minaprine has an ameliorating effect on the drug-induced depression of neuronal activity in the RF. PMID- 3240021 TI - Cardiovascular responses to amitraz in the presence of autonomic antagonists and agonists. AB - Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously in methoxyflurane anaesthetized dogs. Amitraz (i.v.) caused a dose-dependent rise in blood pressure with a fall in heart rate at lower doses. Pressor responses to amitraz were reduced by phentolamine and slightly enhanced by atropine and hexamethonium, while bradycardia was reduced by phentolamine, atropine and hexamethonium. Amitraz reduced the responses to acetylcholine and enhanced pressor responses to tyramine, while reducing bradycardia. Pressor responses to DMPP were reduced, but there was little effect on responses to noradrenaline, isoprenaline or histamine. It is possible that amitraz exerts its cardiovascular effects by stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors and has some similarities to clonidine and xylazine in action. PMID- 3240022 TI - Epithelium-dependent relaxation of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle by histamine: evidence for non-H1- and non-H2-histamine receptors. AB - Epithelium-dependent modulation of the effect of histamine on airway smooth muscle of guinea-pig was studied by using the coaxial bioassay system. Histamine induced contraction was followed by epithelium-dependent relaxation in the presence of indomethacin, propranolol, atropine and cimetidine. Mepyramine failed to prevent histamine-induced epithelium-dependent relaxation of carbachol precontracted tracheal smooth muscle in the presence of cimetidine. This relaxant response could be prevented by an H3-histamine receptor antagonist, thioperamide. An agonist, (R) alpha-methylhistamine, of novel (H3)-histamine receptors was found ineffective to produce epithelium-dependent relaxation. It is concluded that the stimulation of non-H1- and non-H2-histamine receptors of guinea-pig airway epithelial cell layer takes part in the release of (a) relaxant factor(s), which counteracts, H1-histamine receptor-mediated bronchoconstriction. PMID- 3240024 TI - A new procedure for studying central acting cardiovascular drugs: the permeabilization of the blood-brain barrier. AB - There are substances with central cardiovascular action which do not reach the brain when given systemically, because they are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier in sufficient amount. We adapted an osmotic brain barrier disruption procedure in order to study the central cardiovascular effects of these substances. By studying the central hypotensive action of baclofen in the rat, we validated this technique with permeabilization of the brain area supplied by the carotid artery. In the cat, we permeabilized the area supplied by the vertebral artery, i.e. the medulla oblongata. Taurine, completely inactive when systemically or intravertebrally injected, became hypotensive after disruption with a hyperosmolar solution of mannitol. In conclusion, drugs inactive before permeabilization and becoming active after treatment with mannitol, could be considered as models for structural analogues with sufficient lipophily, permitting the crossing of the blood-brain barrier and, therefore, constituting models for new central hypotensive agents. PMID- 3240023 TI - Influence of endothelium on the vasoconstrictor effect of dihydroergotamine in the isolated rat aorta. AB - The vasoconstrictor effect of dihydroergotamine was studied in endothelium containing and endothelium-denuded rat aortic rings. The integrity of the endothelium was assessed by the relaxant effect of acetylcholine on precontracted aortic rings, which was absent after removal of endothelium by mechanical rubbing or exposure to saponin. Dihydroergotamine (0.01-10 mumol/l) caused no or only a small contractile effect in the presence of endothelium, while in endothelium denuded aortic rings a pronounced concentration-dependent increase in tension was observed. The 5-HT antagonist cyproheptadine (2 mumol/l) inhibited the dihydroergotamine-induced vasoconstriction, that means, 5-HT receptors are involved in the vasoconstrictor effect. In the presence of endothelium, the contractile effect of dihydroergotamine was enhanced by the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue (2 mumol/l) and became comparable in magnitude to that observed in deendothelialized preparations. 8-Bromo-cGMP (50 mumol/l) counteracted the potentiating effect of methylene blue. In the presence of cyproheptadine, methylene blue failed to enhance the dihydroergotamine effect. These results might explain the occurrence of undesired vasospastic effects of dihydroergotamine in arterial vessels with endothelial lesions. PMID- 3240025 TI - An investigation of the adrenergic uptake specificity of phenyl-2-aminoethyl sulfides. AB - In earlier work we have demonstrated that a novel series of phenylethylamine analogs (phenyl-2-aminoethyl sulfides) cause a potent antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In addition, we have shown in vitro that these compounds are facile substrates for dopamine beta-hydroxylase, the terminal enzyme of norepinephrine synthesis. While the mechanism of action of these derivatives is as yet hypothetical, we have proposed that, if they are capable of gaining entrance into adrenergic nerve endings and neurotransmitter storage vesicles, these compounds may reduce norepinephrine synthesis by competing with dopamine for oxygenation. In this report, we present results of preliminary studies designed to examine this hypothetical mechanism of action. We find that all derivatives of this series are classical indirect-acting sympathomimetics whose initial cardiovascular activity is blocked by cocaine. These results suggest that compounds of this type gain entrance to adrenergic neurons via the normal norepinephrine uptake mechanism on adrenergic nerve endings. We also present data which demonstrate that the methylated derivative was not only the most potent indirect-acting sympathomimetic, but also the only derivative capable of producing a marked tachyphylaxis. In addition, we find these compounds affect a specific pool of intraneuronal norepinephrine, distinct from that affected by tyramine, a well-known indirect-acting sympathomimetic agent. PMID- 3240026 TI - [An unusual structural pattern of Bruch's membrane in the eye of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus stellaris)]. PMID- 3240027 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray microanalysis of enamel during the transitional post-secretory phase of ameloblasts]. PMID- 3240028 TI - Human metatarsal growth: an allometrical analysis in prenatal period. PMID- 3240029 TI - A scanning electron microscope study of human bony lamellae. Proposal for a new model of collagen lamellar organization. PMID- 3240030 TI - Remains of the primitive trigeminal artery of clinical interest. PMID- 3240031 TI - [A study, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of the honeycomb pits of enamel]. PMID- 3240033 TI - [A special case of bolus fatality]. AB - The case of a 58-year-old man is reported, who had been hospitalized for almost 30 years for paranoid-hallucinatory schizophrenia. He was found unconscious in the clinic with a scarcely perceptible pulse and irregular breathing. Attempts at resuscitation were not successful. Looking at the corpse, no findings of particular value were noted. At the court-ordered autopsy, a mouse was found in the oral cavity; the head of the mouse was stuck in the laryngeal inlet. The cause of death was ascribed to asphyxia by alimentary bolus; the cause of death was apparently the effect of choking combined with a reflex action. In the large colon (megacolon) many metal objects were found. On the basis of the evidence, it was assumed that the mouse was already dead when the patient choked on it. A disturbance in the ability to swallow as a result of alcohol or medication was ruled out, as were neurological diseases. PMID- 3240032 TI - [Diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning following embalming and exhumation]. AB - Clots of blood, which were found in the cardiac ventricles at an autopsy of an embalmed corpse, were to analyse for carbon monoxide. It was not possible to determine reliably the CO-Hb-content of the blood clots with the known methods. Therefore a new procedure was developed. Carbon monoxide was released by a solution of nitric acid and determined gas chromatographically by a headspace method. In the same vessel the iron-content of the sample was measured after decomposition with atomic absorption spectrometry. This procedure is especially suitable for samples like putrid or heat-clotted blood. PMID- 3240034 TI - [The hydrodynamic effect of gunshots in cranial explosive shots]. AB - Case report on five fatal gunshot injuries in which discharge of the cranial contents had occurred owing to a skull blast. Despite an appreciable explosive action with destruction of the bony cranium, the brains were not completely destroyed. In analogy to the "Kronlein shot", comparative reflections were made concerning wound ballistics. The case reports show that injury patterns resembling "Kronlein shot" may arise in cranial blast shots in rare cases despite destroyed projectile parts and even in a mouth shot. PMID- 3240035 TI - [Death caused by projectile guns--a retrospective analysis of 34 cases in Berlin and Hamburg]. AB - The autopsy material of the institutes for forensic medicine in Berlin/GDR and Hamburg was analyzed retrospectively (period from 1961 till 1987; 70,000 autopsies) for fatalities caused by "humane killers" (n = 22) and stud guns (n = 12).-Epidemiological, criminological and morphological findings: The decreased were all men aged between 18 and 75 years (mean 48 years) except one 61 year-old paraplegic women who was killed by her husband with a humane killer. The great majority of cases consisted of suicides; two accidents at work were caused by stud guns. These unusual weapons are normally used by skilled people (i.e. butchers or constructional workers respectively). The fatal wounds were situated at the head, especially the forehead, seldom at the nape of the neck or in the mouth, or sometimes in the chest when using stud guns. Combined suicides (especially together with hanging) are not unusual. Survival periods (with or without acting capacity) can range between minutes or even months (after neurosurgical intervention).-The frequency of such unusual and overall rare cases did not raise during the investigation period. PMID- 3240036 TI - [Congestive hemorrhage caused by burns?]. AB - Phenomena occurring under exposure to heat such as epidural burn hematoma, hyperemia of the internal organs and extravasation of blood into the serous mucosae have been known for a long time. There has so far been less attention to an alteration which was recently observed in two burn corpses. These were punctiform hemorrhages in the conjunctivae as well as hemorrhages in the throat musculature which initially suggested application of force to the neck. After it could be established by usual investigations that the cases were suicides, an attempt was made to clarify the origin of these hemorrhages and the question of their vitality in animal experiments. To the extent that unequivocal results could be obtained, these indicated that the blood extravasations are vital phenomena which are associated with the still-intact circulation. However, differentiation between the action of third parties and extravasation of blood due to heat it difficult and can only be possible with the consideration of the overall circumstances in the individual case. PMID- 3240037 TI - [Anatomo-functional considerations on the pathways generated by cortical somatosensory evoked potentials of the median nerve. Study in 6 hemispherectomized patients]. PMID- 3240038 TI - [Action of experimental diabetes mellitus on peripheral nerve development: morphometric study on dissociated fibers]. PMID- 3240039 TI - [Cytology of meningiomas. Morphological study of 23 cases. Correlation with the histopathology]. PMID- 3240040 TI - [Unilateral pupillotonia after ipsilateral dental anesthesia]. PMID- 3240041 TI - [Familial hemangioblastoma: morphological and ultrastructural study of 2 cases with spinal localization]. PMID- 3240042 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid lysozyme in meningitis in children. Value in establishing the etiologic diagnosis]. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid lysozyme (CSF-LZM) concentrations were determined in 62 controls, 28 viral meningitis and 22 bacterial meningitis, as compared to CSF lactic acid routinely used. CSF-LZM measurement was performed by a rapid turbidimetric assay which required 50 microliters CSF only. The mean CSF-LZM concentration of the control group was 0.23 mg/l, the highest value being 0.65 mg/l. The mean LZM levels in viral meningitis were 1.10 mg/l, never exceeding 3 mg/l. The range of pretreatment LZM levels in bacterial meningitis was 7.2 to 65 mg/l and above 3 mg/l in all cases 48 h after treatment. On the 6th day after admission, 12 of 16 samples showed abnormal values. The CSF-LZM assay seems to be of more value than that of lactic acid. Thus, before treatment, LZM concentrations were 10 to 100 fold higher than that of the normal values, with persistent high levels on the 2nd and even on the 6th day of treatment (whereas lactic acid values were all normal on day 6). PMID- 3240043 TI - [Bone marrow monosomy 7 in children]. AB - Three new cases of monosomy 7 are described. Two children, before onset of overt leukemia, had a preleukemic state: one with thrombopathy and myelodysplastic syndrome, the other with a moderate splenomegaly and an absolute monocytosis. In these two cases the leukemia was chemoresistant. The last child had a subacute myelomonocytic syndrome (juvenile type of chronic myelogenous leukemia) without high fetal hemoglobin value. She died from cachexia. The poor prognosis of monosomy 7 is underlined and such a chromosome deletion should be searched in myeloproliferative syndrome with monocytosis. PMID- 3240044 TI - [Severe theophylline poisoning in children. Value of hemodialysis with high permeability membrane]. AB - The authors report a massive accidental ingestion of enteric-coated theophylline (Armophilline ) by a young child. A status epilepticus and elevated theophylline serum concentration (167 mg/l) led to use hemodialysis with high dialytic clearance. The elevated clearance was obtained by the use of high permeability membrane, by bicarbonate dialysate and the best quality of vascular access (Hickman catheter). PMID- 3240045 TI - [Neonatal spinal cord injuries and magnetic resonance imaging]. AB - Two cases of spinal cord injury involving the lower cervical region are reported. In both, the delivery of a breech presentation was difficult. Severe hypotonia, areflexia and autonomic nervous system disturbances suggested a spinal cord injury. The evidence, type, and location of the cord lesion were given by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). PMID- 3240046 TI - [Iconographic rubric: benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon]. PMID- 3240047 TI - [Essential fatty acids and nutrition in infants]. PMID- 3240048 TI - [The wish for a baby and pregnancy in adolescence]. AB - During the Summer of 1987, interviews were carried out with 33 pregnant adolescents followed at the Nancy regional maternity hospital, in order to improve the knowledge of the present determinants of pregnancy in teens. These adolescents were mostly French, born in unfavourable classes; virtually all had school failure and no professional qualification. In one third of them, pregnancy was accidental and could appear as a further social handicap for these isolated and unemployed adolescents. However, two thirds of these future mothers declared that they had desired their pregnancy, most often within a steady and gratifying couple relationship. PMID- 3240049 TI - [Rubella infection confirmed by laboratory tests in the pregnant woman and the newborn infant (1986)]. PMID- 3240051 TI - [Resuscitation of children in the brain death state from the view of organ procurement for therapeutic purposes]. AB - Thirty-six brain-dead children were managed to allow organ harvesting, which was possible in 21 (7 multi-organ). Optimal ventilation allowed for normal PaO2 and PaCO2 (mean +/- SEM FiO2 = 0.50 +/- 0.05). The management of hemodynamics was quite difficult and cardiac arrest may be due to patient transport, electrolyte disorders and dehydration. Vascular filling was of main importance and required standard solutes (5 or 2.5% glucose, normal saline, Ringer lactate) at a rate of 3.0 +/- 0.5 ml/kg/h, adapted for electrolytes (mainly KCl); sometimes, other solutes may be used: blood (17 patients), human 20% serum albumin (17 patients), plasma (9 patients). This filling was sufficient for 15 patients; the others required inotropic agents: dopamine (17 +/- 8 micrograms/kg/min), dobutamine (42 +/- 18 micrograms/kg/min). Diuresis was more than 3 ml/kg/h in 38% of the patients and desmopressin was used in 3 cases. Hypothermia (minimum 31.2 degrees) had no major consequence. No infection was found. Quality of management of brain dead patients is of main importance; the possibility of organ harvesting must be evoked in such situations and is the first step in organ transplantations. PMID- 3240050 TI - [The procurement of organs of children. General aspects]. AB - Improved results of organs transplantation have resulted in an increased request for organs. All brain-dead children do not undergo organ harvesting for 3 main reasons. First, the definition of brain death, which should remain strict, is not accepted by everyone, in spite of the laws on this topics. Then, organizing organs harvesting requires specific hospital structures, a co-ordinator and motivated medical staff. Finally, parent's authorization is mandatory before organs harvesting in children. Parents still often refuse. An improvement might be reached by informing the general public, a maintained trust in the medical profession and the quality of the talk with the parents when the child dies. All energies should tend to develop the collective consciousness in order to improve this new aspect of medicine. PMID- 3240052 TI - [Immunosuppressive treatment after organ transplantation]. AB - The success of organ transplantation depends mostly on immunosuppressive treatments which depress the host vs allograft immune response. The drugs mostly used in the past, Azathioprine and Corticosteroids, act in a non specific way. Heterologous antilymphocyte sera are progressively replaced by monoclonal antibodies specific of lymphocyte subpopulations, such as OKT3 which is a highly potent immunosuppressive agent. Cyclosporin, a new original immunosuppressive agent which acts specifically on T lymphocytes, has considerably improved organ graft survival rates especially for heart and liver. Moreover, it allows reduction of the doses or corticosteroids given after transplantation an thus limits their side-effects, especially on statural growth. However, cyclosporin nephrotoxicity represents the major problem, at least in the long-term. PMID- 3240053 TI - [Ethical and general problems posed by organ transplantation in children]. PMID- 3240054 TI - Occurrence of large groups of mast cells in subcutaneous connective tissue in the mouse. AB - Skin from the mouse trunk together with panniculus adiposus and panniculus carnosus and, separately, trunk muscles, were fixed, stained with Astra blue at pH 1.0, made translucent in methyl salicylate and whole-mounted. In the connective tissue on the surface of panniculus carnosus directed towards the trunk muscles or on the surface of trunk muscles rounded and oval mast cells occurred singly or in groups from two to several dozen cells. These groups had no association with blood vessels or hair follicles. Mast cell groups were scarse in 1-month-old, clearly recognizable in 2-months-old and conspicuous in 4-months-old mice of both sexes. The number of mast cells and their number per group was larger in CFW/Ll and C3H than in Balb/c mice. Accumulation of mast cells in subcutaneous connective tissue was noted in animals from two separate breeding centers. The animals were free of ectoparasites and dermatophytes but contained some pinworms and protozoa. Elimination of these parasites, change of diet and drinking water as well as cage lining did not prevent the appearance of mast cell accumulations. These accumulations occurred in all studied mice (over 100) at the age of 2 months or older, and were also found in 1 out of 6 four-month-old hamsters and in 2 out of 6 four-month-old rats. It is suggested that mast cells accumulate in subcutaneous connective tissue in response to some undefined noxious agent. Whatever the reason of their presence, large groups of mast cells could considerably influence the results of tests performed in the skin hypodermis area. PMID- 3240055 TI - Innate anti-listerial resistance of mice differing in their susceptibility to listeriosis. AB - The work was designated to compare the influence of an active immunization on the expression of anti-listerial resistance of relatively resistant to listeriosis C57B1/6 mice as compared with more susceptible to the infection DBA/2 mice. Although, specific immunization of DBA/2 mice enhanced their anti-listerial resistance but immunized DBA/2 mice still eliminated Listeria rods less effectively than immunized C57B1/6 mice. It means that innate difference in anti listerial resistance between C57B1/6 and DBA/2 mice was maintained after immunizing them with the same number of alive bacteria. Greater anti-listerial resistance of C57B1/6 versus DBA/2 mice is associated with an increased accumulation of inflammatory Ms and PMNs in their peritonea and an increased capacity of their PMNs to restrict Listeria growth. PMID- 3240056 TI - Chromosome pattern of leukemias induced in mice with normal karyotype and with T/1:17/190Ca chromosome translocation. AB - The chromosome pattern of leukemias induced by gamma-irradiation in the translocation T190/tf and in the genetically related tf/tf strain was analyzed. The degree of variation in chromosome numbers was similar in both experimental groups. Karyotypically, the tumors of both strains showed slight and less frequent higher degree of variability. The most consistent karyotypic change was trisomy of chromosome 15, whose frequency was similar in both strains. In one of the leukemias a marker chromosome derived by translocation involving chromosome 15 was identified. Comparison of the breakpoint in this translocation with literature data on other translocations of chromosome 15 found in leukemias enabled narrowing the region on chromosome 15 containing the postulated genes essential for murine leukemogenesis. The incidence of leukemias was lower in the T190/tf translocation strain than in the tf/tf strain with normal karyotype. PMID- 3240057 TI - Evaluation of technical aspects of the preparation of haemopoietic cells from human fetal liver. AB - Methods employing both mechanical and enzymatic treatment for obtaining single cell suspension from human fetal livers were compared. Subsequently, the effects of various media and sera on cell survival in fetal liver cell suspensions were studied with special attention to short term storage at 4 degrees C. The largest number of living cells was obtained after homogenization of fragments of fetal liver by teasing them through metal sieve. Cell survival was the best when HEPES buffered Dulbecco MEM supplemented with 20-30% of human AB group serum was used throughout. More than of 50% granulocytemonocyte progenitor cells (GM-CFU) were still present in this suspension after 96 hours of storage at 4 degrees C. PMID- 3240058 TI - Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of some aminoguanidine and amidrazone derivatives. PMID- 3240059 TI - Flow injection amperometric determination of pharmaceuticals. PMID- 3240060 TI - Pyridazine derivatives, VI. Synthesis and hypotensive activity of 3 hydrazinethieno(2,3-h)cinnoline and its derivatives. PMID- 3240061 TI - [Acylanilides. 3. Methemoglobin formation and metabolism in the rat]. PMID- 3240063 TI - [Azaindol derivatives I: Asymmetric synthesis of new alpha-amino acids]. PMID- 3240062 TI - C-12-substituted indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines as estrogen receptor affinic cytostatic agents. PMID- 3240064 TI - New anthracenediones with potential anticancer activity: synthesis and characterization of bis-diethylaminopropionamido derivatives. PMID- 3240065 TI - [Azaindol derivatives. II. Synthesis and analgesic activity of pyrazol[1,5 a]pyridines]. PMID- 3240066 TI - [Synthesis of new potential analgesics and antibiotically active pyridazino[4,3 e]oxazinones and pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazinones]. PMID- 3240067 TI - [Antiaggregative and anticoagulant effects of oligoamines. 8. Oligoamines with N heterocyclic space structures]. PMID- 3240068 TI - [The Schoniger method in the European Pharmacopoeia. 4. Determination of sulfur containing drugs]. PMID- 3240069 TI - [Antiphlogistic 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizines. 14. Isomer arrangement of diaryldihydropyrrolizinyl-formic and -propionic acids]. PMID- 3240070 TI - Colorimetric determination of nadolol in tablets. PMID- 3240071 TI - [Annual meeting of the German Pharmaceutical Society. Erlangen, 7-10 September 1988. Abstracts of discussion and poster papers]. PMID- 3240072 TI - Classification of polydactyly of the hands and feet. AB - The authors present a new classification of polydactyly based on radiomorphological alterations. The malformations are defined in two directions, as in a system of coordinates. The longitudinal arrangement is based on the pathogenetic principle of bifurcation of a finger or a toe ray from distal to proximal. We accordingly divided polydactylies into five types: distal phalanx, middle phalanx, proximal phalanx, metacarpal or metatarsal, carpal or tarsal. The transverse arrangement indicates which rays are involved. All polydactylies, including the special forms such as rudimentary manifestations, triphalangism, and multiple duplications, can be incorporated into this simple basic scheme. Depending on their characteristics, the special forms are further subdivided, e.g., into a distal or proximal phalanx type with simple or double triphalangism, or a tarsal type with third-degree duplication and first-degree aplasia. Numerous radiological examples and schematic drawings illustrate the classification. The advantage of the classification is that it depends exclusively upon the skeletal finding and all manifestations are registered according to a simple scheme longitudinally and transversely. This makes them codifiable for the computer and suitable for multicenter studies. The special forms, the rudiment, triphalangism, and multiple duplication, can easily be further subclassified. Moreover, the nomenclature is simple and is oriented to anatomical terminology. PMID- 3240073 TI - Post-stroke hip fractures. AB - Fifty-six fractures of the proximal femur in 53 stroke survivors are described in this retrospective review. The side of fracture was found to be positively correlated with the side of hemiparesis (P less than 0.001). In all cases, the immediate proximate cause of the hip fracture was described as a fall. Falls most frequently occurred in the bathroom or during transfer activities. Though this group was largely ambulatory and living at home prior to fracture, only a minority of individuals were either ambulatory (40%) or able to return home (39%) immediately after discharge. PMID- 3240074 TI - Delta formation in foot polydactyly. AB - Congenital triangular deformity of the foot bones may occur in phalanges and metatarsals. As it resembles the Greek letter delta it is called "delta phalanx" and "delta metatarsal". We report on 19 delta formations in ten patients with foot polydactyly. Our long-term follow-up of these patients indicates four stages in the ossification process: no ossification of the epiphysis; appearance of single or multiple ossification centers; unification of the ossification centers with nonosseous tissue between the diaphysis and the epiphysis; and, finally, complete ossification. Pathogenetically, the delta formation may represent an intermediate stage in the bifurcation process of a polydactylic ray. Splitting longitudinally in a direction from distal to proximal, it is the root of the bifurcated toe ray. PMID- 3240075 TI - Treatment of cervical canal stenosis by decompression and anterior fusion. AB - During the period from 1969 to 1985, 160 patients with pain of the neck or neurological disturbances occurring in cervical canal stenosis were treated surgically. Good results - expressed as relief of pain and diminution or disappearance of neurological disorders - were obtained in 72% of cases. The best results were obtained in patients with slight neurological defects, in rather young persons, and in the early stage of disease. However, the good results obtained in 57% of patients older than 60 years encouraged the author to employ the method in treating older patients for whom other methods of treatment were ineffective. PMID- 3240076 TI - Reactions of surrounding tissue to the cementless hip implant Ti-6Al-4V after an implantation period of several years. Autopsy studies in three cases. AB - Three femoral endoprosthetic stems implanted without cement, made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with implantation periods of between 2 and 4 years were examined histologically in the form of undecalcified thin ground sections after having been split into segments and embedded in plastic. During the implantation period total osseointegration in the metadiaphyseal region takes place, while in the proximal area reaction forms with direct contact between metal and bone on the one hand and with an interposed membrane of connective tissue and adjacent secondary bony shell on the other must be distinguished. The osseointegration of the stem is the result of a primary healing of the bone and is due to the biocompatibility of the metal alloy and to the primary stability obtained by the press-fit method. PMID- 3240077 TI - Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) instrumentation for the correction of spinal curvature. First results in special consideration of derotation. AB - At the University of Innsbruck, Department of Orthopedics, 30 scoliosis patients were operated on using the surgical method according to Cotrel-Dubousset in the period of May 1986-December 1987. For the correction of the curvature this instrumentation uses both distractive as well as transverse forces and attains such an unusual primary stability that postoperative immobilization by brace becomes unnecessary. In addition, it permits the three-dimensional correction of scoliosis curvatures. With an average preoperative measurement of 65.4 degrees and a postoperatively measured angle of 23.8 degrees the correction achieved is 64%. Rotation of the scoliosis was reduced by 39%. Our experiences with the application of the described method of operation and the pertinent complications are described below. PMID- 3240078 TI - Osteochondritis of the first metatarsal sesamoids. AB - Osteochondritis of the sesamoids of the hallux is an infrequently presenting condition of uncertain etiology. The diagnosis is usually established by the typical clinical presentation, fragmentation of the affected sesamoid seen on the axial-view radiogram and increased uptake on the 99mTc bone scan. The condition is usually refractory to conservative treatment and is best treated by excision of the affected sesamoid. PMID- 3240080 TI - Experimental analysis of effects of pin pretensioning on external fixator rigidity. AB - The effects of same-fragment pin pretensioning on the rigidity of a simple fixator system were investigated. An external fixator device constructed to apply same-fragment pin pretensioning of a defined amount was applied to a bone model made of pedilen cylinders. System rigidity was tested for varying degrees of pin pretensioning in axial compression and AP bending. Pin pretensioning, bringing transfixing pins together, tended to weaken the system in both modalities tested. Tensioning by bringing the pins apart increased the rigidity of the system in AP bending and axial compression. PMID- 3240079 TI - Vascular disorders of the proximal femur following treatment of congenital hip dislocation. AB - Early diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip entails treating patients in a very young age-group. These patients present a high risk of vascular disorder in the femoral capital epiphysis in the course of either surgical or nonsurgical treatment. Thirty-five cases of anomalies in the proximal femur of vascular origin were observed, corresponding to 3% of hips treated for congenital dislocation. Roentgenographic diagnostic elements are included in an evolutive classification. In recent cases, radionuclide bone scans were used to obtain supplementary information. Based on bone scans, two distinct groups of patients can be identified: in the first group, vascular disorders of the proximal femur (VDPF) are iatrogenic in origin; in the second, VDPF are due either to the precariousness of prereductional blood flow to the epiphysis or to the summation of risk factors. PMID- 3240081 TI - Total scapulectomy for metastatic pheochromocytoma of the scapula. Case report. AB - A case of metastatic pheochromocytoma of the reconstruction of the shoulder joint is reported. During the operation elevation of the blood pressure was controlled by venous injection of alpha-blocker and ligation of the three main feeder arteries and veins. PMID- 3240082 TI - Bilateral Baker's cyst as the presenting symptom of paraneoplastic syndrome. AB - Paraneoplastic syndrome is defined as a systemic malignancy producing prostaglandins or other substances that lead to various manifestations, syndromes or diseases. In the following report we present a case of a young patient complaining of bilateral Baker's cysts who ultimately was diagnosed as suffering from gastric lymphoma. Following subtotal gastrectomy the Baker's cysts disappeared with no specific treatment. PMID- 3240084 TI - ["Helplessness" as a function of response deprivation]. PMID- 3240083 TI - Aggressive fibromatosis. A rare cause for lumbar bulging. AB - A 21-year-old male patient was treated for idiopathic scoliosis in a general orthopedic practice. Despite treatment a steady increase of lumbar bulging was noted. An extensive soft tissue tumor was found to be the cause of this. The tumor was resected locally at the orthopedic department and was found to be histologically an aggressive fascial fibromatosis. Radiologically the vertebral column showed hemihypertrophy of the pedicles and transverse processes of Th 10 through Th 12 on the ipsilateral side. Since the resection could not be considered radical, local radiation was applied with telecobalt (60 Gy focal doses). Three years later, there is no sign of local recurrence. PMID- 3240085 TI - [The influence of English language text format on its German translation]. PMID- 3240086 TI - The eye illusion. PMID- 3240087 TI - [Sensible use of factor analysis]. PMID- 3240088 TI - [Factorial structure of electrodermal habituation indices]. PMID- 3240089 TI - [The use of partly-hydrolyzed straw meal in the feeding of weaned piglets. 3. The concentration of several parameters of protein, fat, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism in the blood serum during the use of rations with different portions of partly-hydrolyzed straw meal]. AB - Rations containing varied quotas of partly hydrolysed straw meal (PHS) were provided in mixtures of concentrate and straw meal, and selected parameters of the protein, fat, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism were registered in the blood serum at intervals (2nd and 8th week of keeping) in studies with weaned piglets of the country species. In a parallel experiment the straw hydrolysis product was provided without or after neutralization (with CaCO3) in quotas of 5, 10 and 15% in the mixed feed in comparison to the sole feeding of concentrate. Only some out of the total of 16 parameters ascertained in the blood serum showed reactions of the intermediary metabolism in the test groups caused by feeding. In general, straw crude fibre integration decreased the cholesterol level in the blood serum. Urea concentration in the blood decreased with the growing quota of PHS in the feed mixture. Deviations from the norm of various metabolites, which were mainly reflected in the period near weaning (2nd week of keeping) in an increased concentration of free glycerol and urea in the blood serum, could predominantly be registered after the sole feeding of concentrate. On the whole, there were thus certain interactions with growth performance, which clearly advocate the use of quotas of 10% of the hydrolysed straw product in the feed mixture. PMID- 3240091 TI - Cytosolic epoxide hydrolase in humans: development and tissue distribution. AB - Cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity was measured towards trans-stilbene oxide in 41 human adult livers, in 40 fetal livers, in 17 placentas and in fetal and adult lungs, kidneys and gut. The cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity was measurable in all specimens investigated. The rate of formation of trans-stilbene glycol (pmol/min per mg protein, mean +/- SD) was 55.2 +/- 89.6 (fetal liver). 303.2 +/- 73.2 (adult liver) and 18.8 +/- 13.1 (placenta) In the fetal extrahepatic tissues, the cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity was 70.0 +/- 9.4 (adrenals), 47.6 +/- 7.2 (gut), 69.4 +/- 22.5 (kidneys) and 43.2 +/- 19.2 (lungs) pmol/min per mg protein, whereas in the adult tissues it was 131.2 +/- 63.1 (kidneys), 27.8 +/- 20.3 (intestine), 8.5 +/- 2.8 (lungs) and 7.2 +/- 4.2 (urinary bladder) pmol/min per mg protein. PMID- 3240090 TI - Hydroxyethylvaline adduct formation in haemoglobin as a biological monitor of cigarette smoke intake. AB - The ethylene oxide adduct formed on the N-terminal valine in haemoglobin was investigated as a biological monitor of tobacco smoke intake. The modified method developed for the determination of the hydroxyethylvaline adduct (HOEtVal) involved reaction of globin with pentafluorophenyl isothiocyanate, extraction of the HOEtVal thiohydantoin product, derivatization of this by trimethylsilylation and quantitation by capillary gas chromatography with selective ion monitoring mass spectrometry using a tetradeuterated internal standard. The method was applied to globin samples from 26 habitual cigarette smokers and 24 non-smokers. There was a significant correlation between cigarette smoke intake as measured by the average number of cigarettes smoked per day and HOEtVal levels (r = 0.537, p less than 0.01). Background levels were found in non-smokers (mean 49.9 pmol/g Hb, range 22-106 pmol/g Hb). Smoking increased these levels by 71 pmol/g Hb/10 cigarettes per day. Cotinine levels in plasma of the smokers were determined by GC-NPD using 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline as internal standard. For non-smokers cotinine was determined by GC-MS selective ion monitoring using d3-methylcotinine as internal standard. There was no correlation between number of cigarettes smoked per day and cotinine levels (r = 0.297, p greater than 0.05) although cotinine was correlated with HOEtVal (r = 0.43, p less than 0.01). The HOEtVal adduct levels thus appear to be a suitable biomonitor for exposure to hydroxyethylating agents in cigarette smoke, reflecting an integrated dose over the erythrocyte lifetime. This is in contrast to plasma cotinine determinations which reflect only the previous day's exposure to nicotine in smoke. PMID- 3240092 TI - Hypertension and nephrotoxic lesions in rats 1 year after prenatal exposure to gentamicin. AB - Using the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin persistent functional and morphological changes were induced prenatally in the rat kidney. After 6 days of s.c. treatment (110 mg gentamicin/kg body wt) from day 10 to 15 of pregnancy complete resorption was noticed in 8 of the 14 treated animals. Fifty-three newborn were obtained from six dams. One year later only 26 rats (16 male, 10 female) were still alive. The systolic arterial pressure of the female offspring was significantly increased (139 +/- 15 mm Hg versus 112 +/- 9 mmHg) compared with controls. No statistically significant effect could be noticed in the male offspring (128 +/- 15 mm Hg versus 118 +/- 21 mm Hg). Corresponding results were obtained from analysis of urea plasma concentrations. Another cohort of pregnant rats received daily injections of gentamicin from day 15 to 20 of pregnancy (110 mg/kg body wt s.c.). In this group 59 newborn from a total of 109 died within the first 5 days after birth. Six litters were observed postnatally. One year after birth the following blood pressure values were determined: 122 +/- 14 mm Hg (male) and 132 +/- 17 mm Hg (female). Urea plasma concentrations were significantly higher in female, but not in male, offspring. Light and electron microscopic inspection revealed pathological changes in the kidneys of the female offspring only. The degree of maternal kidney damage - which shows considerable variations - was monitored during the treatment period. For this purpose the plasma gentamicin and urea concentrations were measured on 3 days of treatment in all of the pregnant animals. The postnatal data (mortality, blood pressure, and urea plasma concentrations) show a correlation to the degree of maternal kidney impairment. PMID- 3240093 TI - Cadmium and zinc concentrations in fetal and maternal rat tissue after parenteral administration of cadmium during pregnancy. AB - Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were determined by solid sampling atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in rat maternal and fetal tissues after exposure to cadmium. Cadmium was administered subcutaneously as CdCl2 in saline daily during pregnancy. Two experiments were performed. In expt. I we investigated the tissue concentration at day 19 (gestational age) after administration of several doses: 0, 1.1, 2.2, 4.4, and 8.8 mumol Cd/kg/day. In expt. II the course of the Cd and Zn concentrations during pregnancy was investigated by collecting samples at days 14, 16, 18 and 20, after daily injections of 4.4 mumol Cd/kg. Cadmium concentrations in blood, maternal liver, placenta and fetal liver increased with dose and duration of exposure. Cadmium was heavily accumulated in the liver and transferred to the fetus only in small amounts. The zinc concentration in the maternal liver was positively correlated with the cadmium concentration. In the placenta the zinc concentration was not affected. Zinc in fetal liver was decreased from day 18 onward. Despite relatively high cadmium levels and decreased zinc levels in the fetus, we observed no adverse effects on various reproduction parameters, such as birth weights and obvious malformations. PMID- 3240094 TI - Influence of thiamine and ascorbic acid supplementation on the antidotal efficacy of thiol chelators in experimental lead intoxication. AB - The influence of the administration of thiamine (vitamin B1), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or their combination on the efficacy of two thiol metal chelators, viz. alpha-mercapto-beta-(2-furyl) acrylic acid (MFA) and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMS), in counteracting lead (Pb) toxicity was investigated in rats. Ascorbic acid or its combination with thiamine enhanced the urinary elimination of Pb, reduced the hepatic and renal burden of Pb, and reversed the Pb-induced inhibition of the activity of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta ALA-D). All these effects were more evident in DMS- than in MFA-treated rats. The combination of MFA and DMS treatments further improved the performance of the animals in enhancing urinary Pb excretion and in reducing Pb hepatic levels. PMID- 3240095 TI - Spontaneous and oxime-induced reactivation of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by phosphoramidates. AB - Methamidophos (CH3O(NH2)P(O)SCH3) and phosphoramidates, with the general structure RO(NH2)P(O)OC6H4-p-NO2, in which R = C2H5, C1CH2CH2, FCH2CH2 and F3CCH2, as well as (NH2)2P(O)OC6H4-p-NO2 were synthesized to investigate the relationship between the rates of inhibition and of spontaneous reactivation of AChE inhibited by these organophosphates and their potential as prophylactics against nerve agent poisoning. The phosphoramidates inhibit electric eel acetylcholinesterase (EEAChE), the bimolecular inhibition rate constants ranging from 5 x 10(4) to 3 x 10(6) M-1.min-1 at pH 7.5, 25 degrees C. The inhibited enzymes reactivate spontaneously, with half-lives ranging from 1.3 to 15 h at pH 7.5, 25 degrees C. These half-lives increase 2-4 fold when the temperature is raised to 37 degrees C. Reactivation is accelerated by micromolar concentrations of oximes such as obidoxime and HI-6. Aging of the inhibited enzymes was not observed. Nevertheless, reactivation appears to be incomplete for some of the inhibited enzymes. The title compounds seem promising as prophylactic agents against nerve agent intoxication. PMID- 3240096 TI - Response of cultured rat Kupffer cells to lipopolysaccharide. AB - The effects of Salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on pure cultures of rat Kupffer cells (Kc) were studied. In vitro, LPS is ingested by Kc and located in vacuoles and secondary lysosomes. Culture of Kc in the presence of 1 50 micrograms LPS/ml during 24 h did not affect the viability of the Kc as measured by trypan blue exclusion, neutral red uptake, lactate dehydrogenase leakage and cell survival and spreading. LPS treatment did not influence the ultrastructure of Kc. The exposure of Kc to LPS in vitro did not change the phagocytic activity. Several biochemical processes were stimulated: glucose consumption, MTT-tetrazolium salt reduction, total protein synthesis and secretion of proteins. LPS activated Kc to tumoricidal activity against L929 mouse fibrosarcoma cells. In the light of the above observations, it is concluded that purified LPS is not cytotoxic for pure Kc in culture. On the contrary, LPS stimulates several biochemical and functional processes. PMID- 3240097 TI - 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadienone (BHT quinone methide): an active metabolite of BHT causing haemorrhages in rats. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats and male ICR mice, species respectively susceptible and resistant to the haemorrhagic effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), were administered BHT quinone methide (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylene-2,5 cyclohexadienone) orally; 24 or 48 h later the plasma concentrations of blood coagulation factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX and X were determined. BHT quinone methide caused a decrease in factors II, VII, IX and X in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h, while a similar dose of BHT did not. Haemorrhages in epididymis or thymus were found in BHT quinone methide-treated rats. These findings may support the belief that BHT quinone methide is an active metabolite which disturbs the vitamin K redox cycle in BHT-induced haemorrhage. PMID- 3240098 TI - Fluoride-induced changes in the tooth glycosaminoglycans: an in vivo study in the rabbit. AB - Effect of high fluoride ingestion on the tooth matrix glycosaminoglycans was studied in rabbits administered 10 mg NaF/kg body weight orally at 24-h intervals for a period of 9 months. Fluoride-treated tooth showed a significant reduction in glycosaminoglycan content as compared to the normal tooth. Sephadex G-75 chromatography and DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography revealed the presence of small molecular weight glycosaminoglycan molecules and an increase in the charge density heterogeneity in the sulphated glycosaminoglycans of the fluoride-treated rabbit tooth as compared to the controls. These changes may be related to the dedifferentiated tooth matrix and an increase in the dermatan sulphate content in the fluoride-treated tooth matrix reported earlier. PMID- 3240099 TI - [Specific IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE antibodies to Dermatophagoides farinae in asthmatic and healthy children--their changes with age]. PMID- 3240100 TI - [Clinical evaluation of intravenous theophylline therapy in status asthmaticus]. PMID- 3240101 TI - [Statistical analyses of the diagnostic criteria, clinical severity, IgE-RAST score, and serum IgE value in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD)--probable involvement of food antigens, especially rice, in severe cases]. PMID- 3240102 TI - [Impaired dendritic cell function (cluster formation) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3240103 TI - [Correlation of specific IgG4 antibody titers and specific IgE RAST score to EGG white, milk and soybean in allergic children]. PMID- 3240104 TI - [The annual variations in airborne Cryptomeria japonica and Cupressaceae pollen counts and meteorological conditions in Fukuoka City--prediction of Cryptomeria j. and Cupressaceae pollen counts]. PMID- 3240105 TI - [The influence of Dermatophagoides farinae in asthmatic children]. PMID- 3240106 TI - [Study on the clinical significance of Pharmacia RAST RIA in food allergy]. PMID- 3240107 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries: a possible cause of coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 3240108 TI - [Systolic and diastolic dysfunction in the indeterminate, digestive and chronic cardiac forms of Chagas' disease]. PMID- 3240109 TI - [Histologic and split-line study of the human right atrioventricular valve]. PMID- 3240110 TI - [Cardiac rehabilitation of patients with coronary disease. Evaluation after 3 and 6 months of aerobic training at the community level]. PMID- 3240111 TI - [Radioisotope angiography in pulmonary hypertension: correlation with hemodynamic data]. PMID- 3240112 TI - [Effect of sodium nitroprusside and diazoxide on renal hemodynamics: a study with radioactive microspheres]. PMID- 3240113 TI - [Diphtheric myocarditis: clinico-pathologic correlation of 20 cases]. PMID- 3240114 TI - [Cor triatriatum dexter: echocardiographic diagnosis. A case report]. PMID- 3240115 TI - [Aneurysm of the ascending aorta and aortic valve insufficiency in childhood. A case report]. PMID- 3240116 TI - The dental senior's guide to loan repayment. PMID- 3240117 TI - Iron stores in maternal and cord blood. PMID- 3240119 TI - Colposuspension in treatment of genuine stress incontinence. PMID- 3240118 TI - Changes in neonatal transcutaneous bilirubinometer index following intravenous fluid and oxytocin infusion during labour. PMID- 3240120 TI - Anaerobic infections in pregnant women undergoing caesarean section and associated risk factors. PMID- 3240121 TI - Observations on thyroid hormones in hyperemesis gravidarum. PMID- 3240122 TI - Psychogenic factors in hyperemesis gravidarum. PMID- 3240123 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin in obstetric practice. PMID- 3240124 TI - The value of cervical punch biopsy in the assessment of histopathological prognostic factors in carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 3240125 TI - Perinatal mortality in abnormal presentations. PMID- 3240126 TI - Salt loading alters the composition of urinary protein in pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 3240128 TI - Dietary restriction and presbyacusis: periods of restriction and auditory threshold losses in the CBA/J mouse. AB - Dietary restriction was imposed on CBA/J mice, animals which develop presbyacusis late in their lives. Animals restricted for their whole lives, as well as those restricted after midlife, had less presbyacusis than did control mice fed ad libitum. Dietary restriction did not increase the life spans of these mice. Restriction until midlife did not protect from presbyacusis, nor did it increase life span. In this genotype, dietary restriction protects against hearing loss only if it occurs at the age of most rapid decline of cochlear function. PMID- 3240127 TI - Differences in the mechanisms of production and release of SCC-Ag and CEA from an established uterine cervical carcinoma cell line (AMCC-1). PMID- 3240129 TI - Temporal effects in simultaneous pure-tone masking in subjects with high frequency sensorineural hearing loss. AB - Temporal effects in simultaneous pure-tone masking were studied in three subjects with a high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. The masker level was generally 80 dB SPL, and the signal level was varied adaptively to threshold. Masker frequency was always 1.2 times the signal frequency, and three different frequency regions were studied: (1) signal and masker in region of normal hearing; (2) signal in region of normal hearing and masker in region of hearing loss; and (3) signal and masker in region of hearing loss. In the first experiment, the masker was either gated synchronously with the 20-ms signal or was presented continuously. The gated-continuous threshold difference was largest when both the masker and signal were in a region of normal hearing; that difference decreased, though was not eliminated, when either the masker or the signal-plus-masker was in a region of hearing loss. In the second experiment, threshold was measured for the 20-ms signal as a function of its temporal position within a 400-ms masker. Consistent with the first experiment, the biggest change in masking over time generally occurred when the signal and masker were in a region of normal hearing. These data suggest that the mechanisms responsible for temporal effects in normal-hearing subjects (and in regions of normal hearing in subjects with a hearing loss) are adversely affected by (even a mild) sensorineural hearing loss. Moreover, these data suggest that what may be most important for a normal temporal effect is the integrity of the frequency region where the masker is presented. PMID- 3240130 TI - Interlist equivalence of the word intelligibility by picture identification test administered in broad-band noise. AB - The effect of broad-band noise on the interlist equivalence of the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification Test (WIPI) was examined. Subjects were 24 normally hearing children aged 6:7-9:1 years (years:months) who were assigned in equal numbers to one of three signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) conditions (S/N = 0, +2, +4dBSPL). Each child was administered all four lists of the WIPI under one of these noise conditions. No significant order, gender or ear effects were observed. Performance increased linearly with increasing S/N. Statistically significant mean differences were seen between lists, and individual interlist pairwise comparisons revealed differences exceeding chance occurrence. Pooled correlations of interlist equivalence were of moderate strength. Caveats regarding clinical application of the WIPI administered in noise are discussed. PMID- 3240131 TI - Temporary threshold shift measured with two psychophysical procedures. AB - Studies of temporary threshold shift (TTS) typically use classical psychophysical procedures, such as the method of adjustment, which are known to confound the obtained measure of sensitivity with the subject's criterion for response. A distinguishing feature of TTS research is high variability in the postexposure estimates of sensitivity, both within and across subjects and within and across sessions. It is possible that fluctuations in the subject's criterion for response (rather than actual variations in sensitivity) are responsible both for misestimations of the magnitude of the hearing loss induced by exposure to particular intense sounds (the TTS), and for the high variability that is commonly observed. To test this possibility, postexposure recovery of sensitivity was followed using two psychophysical procedures, one acknowledged to be criterion-dependent and the other relatively criterion-free. Within each postexposure session, alternate estimates of sensitivity were obtained with a version of the method of adjustment and with adaptive, two-interval forced choice. The postexposure estimates of hearing sensitivity obtained with the two procedures were found to differ statistically; however, the preexposure baseline measures differed by essentially identical amounts. Thus, the values of TTS were equivalent with the two psychophysical procedures. Further, the session-to session variability was found not to be significantly different with the two methods. Thus, for our trained observers at least, differences in pre- and postexposure response criteria did not appear to be a contaminating factor in estimates of TTS, and there was little basis for choice between the two procedures in regard to session-to-session variability. PMID- 3240132 TI - Adaptation properties of the acoustic reflex in response to continuous-, intermittent- and industrial-noise stimulation. AB - Adaptation properties of the acoustic reflex (AR) were evaluated in a group of normal-hearing subjects. Signals used to elicit the AR included: (1) continuous broad-band noise; (2) broad-band noise interrupted every 7.5 s. with pauses of 250, 500 and 750 ms, and (3) industrial noise. AR activity was continuously monitored for a period of 5 min. Values of acoustic admittance at the beginning and end of the test period were used to calculate percent adaptation for all five elicitor conditions. The greatest adaptation occurred during continuous broad band-noise stimulation and the least adaptation was observed under the industrial noise condition. The AR system appears to be resistant to the process of adaptation when activated by stimuli with periodically changing temporal signatures. Results also support previous investigations that demonstrate that the AR is extremely active in certain industrial environments. PMID- 3240133 TI - Action potential threshold elevation in the guinea-pig as a function of impact noise exposure energy. AB - Eighteen groups of guinea pigs were exposed to a simulated impact noise for periods of 1.5-24 h. The peak level was kept constant at 131.5 dB and the repetition rate was varied to give seven different equivalent levels (Leq) between 96 and 117 dB. The auditory thresholds were assessed by electrocochleography after 1 month and compared with those of a control group. Significant damage occurred even at the lowest exposure energy used. When the total exposure energy was expressed on a decibel scale, the threshold elevation (1-10 kHz) increased 1.07 dB for each decibel increase in the exposure energy, regardless of the combination of Leq and exposure time. The results of the study thus support the equal-energy hypothesis under these conditions. PMID- 3240134 TI - United Kingdom health service. PMID- 3240135 TI - How should we select surgical trainees? PMID- 3240137 TI - The CEPOD report and its consequences. PMID- 3240136 TI - The government and quality in health care. PMID- 3240138 TI - Quality assurance in breast cancer screening. PMID- 3240139 TI - Are perinatal and maternal mortality the best measures of quality in obstetrics? PMID- 3240140 TI - Management and medical audit. PMID- 3240141 TI - King's Fund quality assurance programme. PMID- 3240142 TI - Quality assurance in primary health care. PMID- 3240143 TI - Surgical audit--the clinical implications. PMID- 3240144 TI - Surgical audit: do we need it? PMID- 3240145 TI - The General Medical Council's role in medical quality assurance. PMID- 3240146 TI - Research in general practice. PMID- 3240147 TI - An invitation to research. PMID- 3240148 TI - TMJ dysfunction. PMID- 3240149 TI - Naproxen/naproxen sodium. PMID- 3240150 TI - Annual Pap smears queried. PMID- 3240151 TI - Domiciliary medicine. PMID- 3240152 TI - Physicians and nuclear war. PMID- 3240153 TI - Contraception for adolescents. PMID- 3240154 TI - Guidelines on contraception and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3240155 TI - Effect of contraceptives on the skin. PMID- 3240157 TI - Barrier methods. Contraception and STD prophylaxis. PMID- 3240156 TI - The Gynaeseal diaphragm tampon. PMID- 3240161 TI - Removal of foreign body from nose or ear. PMID- 3240160 TI - Pacemaker infection. PMID- 3240159 TI - Haematemesis and melaena. PMID- 3240158 TI - Marketing in medical practice. Part Four--The marketing tools. PMID- 3240162 TI - Medical manpower in Australia. An analysis of the GP workforce. PMID- 3240163 TI - Anyone for tennis? PMID- 3240165 TI - Continuing medical education. A quality assurance option. PMID- 3240164 TI - Freckles, moles and melanoma. National Skin Cancer Awareness Week 1988. PMID- 3240166 TI - Assessing victims of sexual abuse. PMID- 3240167 TI - Why not try hypnosis? PMID- 3240168 TI - Injuries of the elbow. PMID- 3240169 TI - Osgood-Schlatter disorder. PMID- 3240170 TI - Hamstring injuries. PMID- 3240171 TI - Rotator cuff injuries of the shoulder. PMID- 3240172 TI - Chronic lower leg pain in sport. PMID- 3240173 TI - Groin pain in athletes. PMID- 3240174 TI - Jumper's knee. PMID- 3240176 TI - Calf strain. PMID- 3240175 TI - Anterior knee pain [published errartum appears in Aust Fam Physician 1989 Mar;18(3):195]. PMID- 3240177 TI - Acute epigastric and chest pain. PMID- 3240178 TI - Fever in childhood. PMID- 3240179 TI - The case against use of paper masks. PMID- 3240180 TI - Management of angina in older people. PMID- 3240181 TI - Patterns of antibiotic prescribing in Queensland general practice. PMID- 3240183 TI - Health development policy and general practitioners. PMID- 3240182 TI - Technology, change and society. PMID- 3240184 TI - Use of skull X-rays questioned. PMID- 3240185 TI - Nuclear war and anxiety. PMID- 3240187 TI - Travelling. PMID- 3240186 TI - Atopic eczema. PMID- 3240188 TI - Rural practice. PMID- 3240189 TI - The crying baby. PMID- 3240190 TI - Headache in childhood. PMID- 3240192 TI - DOCLE. A new system of medical notation. PMID- 3240191 TI - Paracetamol for fever in children. PMID- 3240193 TI - Your child's umbilical hernia. PMID- 3240194 TI - The estimation and modification of risk in general practice. Part two. PMID- 3240195 TI - Patient attitudes to general practice services. A rural experience. PMID- 3240197 TI - Psychiatric presentation in general practice. PMID- 3240196 TI - Feeding difficulties in infants. A management plan. PMID- 3240198 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica--mimic supreme. PMID- 3240199 TI - Infection control guidelines for HIV. PMID- 3240200 TI - Is L-tryptophan safe? PMID- 3240201 TI - The psychiatry of leadership. PMID- 3240202 TI - Persistent psychotic symptoms at discharge. PMID- 3240203 TI - Review of NHMRC Postgraduate Research Scholarships and Training Fellowships. PMID- 3240204 TI - Is it time to revamp the college training and examination process? PMID- 3240205 TI - Society and the future. PMID- 3240206 TI - Inadequate provision for electroconvulsive therapy in the New South Wales Mental Health Act 1983. AB - Division 2 of Part X of the NSW Mental Health Act 1983 lays down a set of conditions which must be satisfied before electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be given. These provisions are too restrictive and would deny ECT to a considerable proportion of the patients who are most likely to benefit from it. For many of them it would be the only effective treatment. Principles which should govern the authorisation of ECT are proposed. PMID- 3240207 TI - Training in psychiatry in Australia and New Zealand: past, present and future. AB - Since the establishment of the Fellowships Board and the Committee for Training in 1985, training in psychiatry in Australia and New Zealand has come under close scrutiny and development of training has been given new impetus. This paper reviews the development of training in psychiatry in Australia and New Zealand over the last three decades, focusing on the philosophical, organisational and accreditation aspects. The present scene, with its strengths and weaknesses, is reviewed and compared with that currently existing in the United States and Britain. Possible future directions and recommendations are then outlined. PMID- 3240208 TI - The RANZCP vivas: a suitable case for examination. PMID- 3240209 TI - A survey of the distribution of psychiatrists in Australia and New Zealand in 1987. AB - A survey is described of the number and distribution of all psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in Australia and in New Zealand in 1987, with estimates of available psychiatrists over the next decade. Australia as a whole is not short of psychiatrists or of trainee psychiatrists, but has a marked maldistribution between States and between city and rural areas which needs to be seriously addressed. In 1987 the ratio of psychiatrists to population in Australia was 1:11 290 and in New Zealand 1:21 440. It is estimated that by 1997 the corresponding ratios will be 1:9 130 and 1:12 440. There were 549 trainee psychiatrists in Australia and 103 in New Zealand. Relativity of human resources needs are emphasised. Those Australian States with the highest ratio of psychiatrists to population also have the highest ratio of trainees to population, a fact which has obvious implications. PMID- 3240210 TI - Use of an amytal interview in the management of factitious deaf mutism. AB - We describe the case of a young woman presenting with deaf mutism and self damaging behaviour. We emphasize the active investigation of psychological and physical symptoms, combined with gradual and gentle confrontation in a supportive setting. PMID- 3240211 TI - Combat stress in the chemical and biological warfare environment. PMID- 3240212 TI - Combined atropine and 2-PAM Cl effects on tracking performance and visual, physiological, and psychological functions. AB - Combinations of atropine (up to 4 mg.70 kg-1) and 2-PAM Cl (up to 1200 mg.70 kg 1) were studied for their effects on a pursuit tracking task, six visual functions, heart rate and blood pressure, and cognitive functions as measured by six psychological tests. Tracking performance in both bright light and dim light was significantly degraded up to 3.5 h after injection. High- and low-contrast near acuity was significantly altered up to 6 h after injection, whereas accommodation and pupil size remained altered for 24 h. Elevated pulse rates were observed for 4 h. Elevated systolic blood pressures were observed for 2 h while diastolic pressures remained elevated for 6 h. No drug effects were found for the psychological tests. Overall, the observed effects of these two drugs in combination are qualitatively similar to those of atropine alone although they are of greater magnitude. On two measures (accommodation and diastolic blood pressure), 2-PAM Cl was found to significantly potentiate the atropine effect. PMID- 3240213 TI - Interactive effects of physical work and carbon monoxide on cognitive task performance. AB - The simple and interactive effects of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure and prior physical work on cognitive performance were evaluated in 11 men and 7 women. Three levels of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) (0, 7, 10%) and three workloads (rest, 35%, 60% Vo2max) were crossed resulting in nine repeated measures conditions for each subject. Following bolus administration of CO, subjects exercised or rested for 50 min, then performed five cognitive tasks: Manikin spatial processing, Sternberg memory, Stroop word-color interference, visual search, and dual-axis tracking, with and without a secondary mathematics task. Carboxyhemoglobin levels were assessed after bolus administration and again following completion of the last task. Ambient CO levels were set to maintain the required HbCO levels in each condition. Performance on the second of two sequentially presented Stroop interference tasks (using identical stimuli but with instructions reversed) was impaired with increasing HbCO level, suggesting a reduced ability to adapt to a new response set. An interaction between HbCO level and exercise level was seen for visual search performance: in rest conditions, performance was improved with increasing HbCO level; by contrast, performance was impaired with increasing HbCO levels following 60% work. Elevated HbCO had no effect on spatial processing, short-term memory, simple reaction time, or psychomotor tracking. PMID- 3240214 TI - Decompression sickness and bubble formation in females exposed to a simulated 7.8 psia suit environment. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure female susceptibility to decompression sickness (DCS) during simulated extravehicular activity (EVA) at a candidate (7.8 psia) suit pressure. Thirty female volunteer subjects, in groups of three, were exposed to three consecutive daily EVA simulations at 7.8 psia (5,031 m altitude equivalent) continuously for 6 h. During each altitude exposure, the subjects breathed a gas mixture of 50% oxygen/50% nitrogen, and participated in exercise workloads similar to those expected to be experienced by astronauts during a typical EVA scenario. Precordial Doppler bubble monitoring was accomplished after each cycle of exercise workload simulations. During at least 1 of the 3 days (d) of exposure, 43% of the subjects experienced intravenous bubbling. Of the 30 subjects, 17 (57%) did not experience detectable bubbling on any of the 3 d of exposure and 5 (17%) developed decompression sickness (DCS) during the study. Two cases were delayed, occurring after recompression to ground level; and three subjects required hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The results of this study suggest that female subjects may suffer more delayed DCS symptoms, necessitating hyperbaric oxygen treatment, than their male counterparts under the same experimental conditions. Female subjects did not experience intravenous bubbling as frequently as male subjects when exposed to these study conditions. PMID- 3240215 TI - Prediction of physical workload in reduced gravity. AB - As we plan for long-term living and working in low-gravity environments, a system to predict mission support requirements, such as food and water, becomes critical. Such a system must consider the workload imposed by physical tasks for efficient estimation of these supplies. An accurate estimate of human energy expenditure on a space station or lunar base is also necessary to allocate personnel to tasks, and to assign work-rest schedules. An elemental analysis approach for predicting one's energy expenditure in industrial jobs was applied to low-gravity conditions in this paper. This was achieved by a reduction of input body and load weights in a well-accepted model, in proportion to lowered gravity, such as on the moon. Validation was achieved by applying the model to Apollo-era energy expenditure data. These data were from simulated lunar gravity walking studies, observed Apollo 14 walking, simulated lunar gravity upper body torquing, and simulated lunar gravity cart pulling. The energy expenditure model generally underpredicted high energy expenditures, and overpredicted low to medium energy expenditures. The predictions for low to medium workloads were, however, within 15-30% of actual values. Future developmental work will be necessary to include the effects of traction changes, as well as other nonlinear expenditure changes in reduced gravity environments. PMID- 3240216 TI - Ocular torsion in upright and tilted positions during hypo- and hypergravity of parabolic flight. AB - Four subjects considered resistant to motion sickness were tested in KC-135 parabolic flight to examine ocular torsion at hypo- and hypergravity. Three of these showed no significant torsion at zero G in either the upright position or when tilted 30 degrees to right or left. At 1.8 G in the tilted positions they showed greater ocular counterrolling than at 1 G. None of these three subjects became motion sick. The fourth subject showed eye torsion toward his left in all positions at zero G. This leftward bias could also be seen at 1.8 G when tilted left ear down, the side that induces rightward counterrolling. There he had less eye torsion than at 1 G. This subject became motion sick. All subjects had normal counterrolling in ground-based testing. These results support the hypothesis that asymmetry of the utricular system may be well compensated in the normal 1 G environment, but unmasked in unaccustomed gravitational situations, suggesting a possible predictive test for space adaptation syndrome. PMID- 3240217 TI - Estimation of body fluid volumes using tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance measurements. AB - Mathematical equations using tetrapolar bioelectrical resistive (R) and reactive (Xc) impedance measures were developed and crossvalidated to predict total body water (TBW) and corrected bromide space (CBS) in two independent samples (n = 110). Height2 per low R was the best predictor of TBW (R = 0.96) and CBS (R = 0.92). When the influence of TBW was removed from CBS and dependent variables, height2 per low Xc was the best predictor (R = 0.50) of CBS. Double crossvalidation of each sample showed that observed and predicted TBW (R = 0.978 and 9.986) and CBS (0.937 and 0.907) were significantly related (p less than 0.001), and there was no difference (p greater than 0.05) between the values. The lines representing the relationships between observed and predicted values had regression coefficients not different than the line of identity. Data from both samples were combined to give a representative multiple regression equation to predict TBW and CBS. This study establishes the validity of the tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess body fluid volumes in humans. PMID- 3240218 TI - Central serous chorioretinopathy in U.S. Air Force aviators: a review. AB - Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) is an uncommon disease with the potential to cause loss of visual acuity, decreased color vision, and decreased depth perception. These visual changes may become permanent and require removal of aviators from flight status. This study reviews 55 eyes of 47 USAF aviators with ICSC examined at the United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM), Brooks AFB, TX. Clinical and aeromedical findings, both on initial and on follow-up ophthalmic examination were studied. Ninety-seven percent of aviators otherwise medically qualified were ultimately returned to flight status. Overall, 51% had recurrent episodes, 17% had bilateral disease, and 13% underwent laser photocoagulation. Visual acuity correlated with active disease, and there was a trend toward poor stereopsis and diminished color vision with worsening visual acuity. Eighty-six percent attained a final visual acuity of 20/20 or better. On final examination, 90% had normal stereopsis, 87% had normal color vision, and 49% had a normal central visual field. Eyes with recurrent disease tended to have degraded final visual acuity, stereopsis, color vision, and central visual field. The visual and aeromedical prognosis from a single attack of ICSC is generally favorable, but repeated attacks can lead to a significant decrease in visual functions that may jeopardize flying status. PMID- 3240219 TI - Period prevalence of acute neck injury in U.S. Air Force pilots exposed to high G forces. AB - Neck injury is an unquantified clinical and epidemiological problem in pilots exposed to high G forces. The description and assessment of potential deleterious effects on the cervical vertebrae are important aspects of occupational preventive aerospace medicine. This report presents the findings from a prevalence study of acute neck injury, resulting from high G forces, in pilots of high performance aircraft. A sample of 437 pilots from three different aircraft with varying performance capabilities was surveyed by means of an anonymous questionnaire. Stratified sample data were analyzed to determine the strength of association of injury prevalence with pilot age, type of aircraft, and type of flying environment. Of the surveyed pilots, 50.6% stated they had some type of acute neck injury in the preceding 3-month period. Higher aircraft performance was associated with increased injury prevalence. Increased age was associated with increased prevalence of major injury. Preventive strategies may be helpful in reducing injury frequency and avoiding serious injuries. PMID- 3240220 TI - Fatal pulmonary decompression sickness: a case report. AB - A 51-year-old civilian pilot flying a high performance aircraft for the USAF presented for medical attention approximately 1.5 hours after developing substernal chest pain and dyspnea while flying unpressurized at FL 280 (8,534 meters) for 30 minutes. In spite of recompression about 3 hours later, the pilot expired while ascending from 6 atmospheres, 2.5 hours into the dive. This represents the first reported fatality due to altitude-induced decompression sickness since 1959. Pathologically, this case is similar to cases presented in the past. In addition, this case serves to reemphasize many of the "risk factors" for decompression sickness, especially age and obesity. Furthermore, the evidence presented points to maintaining only the highest standards of physical health in those who fly high performance aircraft. PMID- 3240221 TI - Space motion sickness during 24 flights of the space shuttle. AB - The incidence and severity of Space Motion Sickness (SMS) were determined from 24 flights of the Space Shuttle. A standardized questionnaire developed at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) was administered to all crewmembers postflight during an oral debriefing with the examining flight surgeon. Cases of SMS were graded mild, moderate or severe using criteria developed at the JSC. The incidence of SMS during a first Shuttle flight for 85 crewmembers was 67% (57 cases). There were 26 mild cases (30%), 20 moderate (24%), and 11 severe (13%). Differences were found between males and females, crew positions (Commander, Pilot, Mission Specialist, etc.), and age groups, which were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05), but would suggest future research into the mechanism, prevention, and treatment of SMS. The 26 crewmembers with a second flight showed a reduction in SMS incidence to 46%, but the change was not significant compared with the first flight. Nine crewmembers (35%) showed a reduction in SMS severity comparing first and second flights, yet there was no significant difference in the mean time between flights for crewmembers with SMS versus asymptomatic crewmembers. Variability in crewmember training and flight experience may explain some of the differences observed. PMID- 3240223 TI - Becoming a flight surgeon. AB - This text is the inaugural lesson given by the Professor of Aeronautic Psychiatry and starts the training period for new flight surgeons in the French Air Force. Introducing the French Air Force Medicine Training Session, the author speaks about the psychological aspects in aviation medicine. Three points of pilots' psychology are developed: 1) the pilot's body as the source of intense sensations and as an object of important value; 2) the libidinal, narcissistic, and defensive aspects of the pilot's spirit; and 3) the pilot's environment with its characteristic relationships. These facts influence the medical approach and modify the physician-pilot relationship. The flight surgeon must pay attention and get ready for this specific practice. PMID- 3240222 TI - Thermal comparison of aircrew clothing aboard OV-10 aircraft. AB - Thermal evaluation of aircrew clothing in the field usually involves conditions which make it difficult to distinguish clothing effects from other, confounding factors. This paper reports a field study designed to solve this problem. The question concerned possible heat stress effects caused by adding an oxygen mask, an anti-g suit, or both to the usual clothing worn by pilots of OV-10 (twin turboprop) aircraft during 20 hot-weather flights (actual experimental temperatures of Tdb = 28-38 degrees C, rh = 18-20%). The four test ensembles were flown simultaneously, allowing side-by-side comparison to compensate for variations in flight profile and weather. Subjects (n = 10) encountered noticeable heat stress in flight, with rectal temperature = 37.4-37.6 degrees C, skin temperature = 35.0-35.5 degrees C, and weight losses = 2.1-2.4 kg. There were no measurable differences among the four clothing outfits, indicating that the anti-g suit does not present a heat stress problem. The mask and anti-g suit did contribute to aircrew discomfort as their impermeable materials prevented evaporation of sweat and caused 100% skin wetting in covered areas. Under these dry, desert conditions, the body was apparently able to compensate for the loss of evaporative surface area. PMID- 3240224 TI - Effects of hematopoietic growth factors on in vitro colony formation by human megakaryocyte progenitor cells. AB - In order to study the effects of recombinant and purified hematopoietic growth factors on megakaryocyte (MK) progenitor cells (CFU-MK), enriched populations of human CFU-MK were isolated utilizing fluorescence activated cell sorting after labelling of cells with monoclonal antibodies exhibiting specificity to the My10 (HPCA-1) antigen and the major histocompatibility (MHC) class II (HLA-DR) locus. The CFU-MK cloning efficiency (CE) was 1.1 +/- 0.5% for cells expressing both high densities of My10 and low densities of HLA-DR (My10 DR+). This procedure resulted in an 18 fold increase in CE over NALT- cells. The effects of natural or recombinant human hematopoietic growth factors including erythropoietin (Epo), thrombocytopoiesis stimulating factor (TSF), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF-1), and interleukin 3 (IL-3) on MK colony formation by My10 DR+ cells were determined utilizing a defined medium assay system. Neither Epo, TSF, CSF-1, IL-1 alpha nor G-CSF alone augmented MK colony formation above baseline (2.5 +/- 0.8 per 5 x 10(3) My10 DR+ cells plated). By contrast, the addition of GM-CSF and IL-3 each increased CFU-MK colony formation with maximal stimulation occurring following the addition of 200 units/ml of IL-3 and 100 units/ml of GM-CSF. At maximal concentration, IL-3 had a greater ability to promote megakaryocyte colony formation than GM-CSF. PMID- 3240226 TI - Regulation of hemopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. AB - Utilization of appropriate colony scoring criteria allows the identification of subsets of high proliferative potential, but lineage-restricted, erythropoietic and granulopoietic progenitors in human marrow. These cells share with human pluripotent hemopoietic cells the unique ability to vary their proliferative status from a non-cycling (GO) state to a cycling one (continuous progression from G1----S----G2----M). Time course studies of the size and turnover of these primitive, normally quiescent human hemopoietic cell populations in long-term marrow cultures has provided evidence that marrow mesenchymal elements play a role not only in supporting their maintenance, but also in regulating their proliferation. A model delineating how this regulation may be mediated based on known features of mesenchymal cell and hemopoietic progenitor cell biology is presented together with a number of predictions of the model. Preliminary tests are consistent with these. Longterm marrow cultures offer an in vitro system that can be used to analyze how the proliferation of very primitive hemopoietic cells may be controlled by mesenchymal cells. The molecular mechanisms involved may be the same as those that are normally operative in the marrow in vivo and which are de-regulated or by-passed in several human hemopoietic malignancies. PMID- 3240225 TI - Biological characterization of recombinant human erythropoietin. AB - Highly purified, recombinant, human erythropoietin (rh EPO) has been compared to natural urinary derived erythropoietin (nEPO). Both EPO preparations have been characterized biologically: The proliferation of murine spleen cells in vitro after pretreatment with phenylhydrazine and the 59Fe incorporation into the heme of polycythemic mice have been determined. Further, the effect of rh EPO on the erythropoiesis of normal mice was studied. Depending on the applied rh EPO dosage an increase in hematocrit was observed. Treatment with rh EPO in rats with anemia due to subtotal nephrectomy also showed a dose-dependent rise of hematocrit and hemoglobin, and therefore a reversal of the anemic status. The comparison of rh EPO and natural EPO showed full biological activity of the recombinant protein and its equivalence to the natural hormone. PMID- 3240227 TI - Pre-sleep cognitive intrusions and treatment of onset-insomnia. PMID- 3240228 TI - Visual acuity improvement following fading and feedback training--I. Comparison of myopic and emmetropic volunteers. PMID- 3240229 TI - Visual acuity improvement following fading and feedback training--II. Relationship to changes in refractive error. PMID- 3240230 TI - Visual acuity improvement following fading and feedback training--III. Effects on acuity for stimuli in the natural environment. PMID- 3240231 TI - Somatic response to stress, physical symptoms and health service use: the role of current stress. PMID- 3240232 TI - Depression and the frequency and strength of pleasant events: exploration of the Staats-Heiby theory. PMID- 3240233 TI - Dietary restraint of bulimic subjects following cognitive-behavioral or pharmacological treatment. PMID- 3240234 TI - The long-term evaluation of a behavioral treatment program for child molesters. PMID- 3240235 TI - Accuracy of fear inventories and self-efficacy scales in predicting agoraphobic behavior. PMID- 3240236 TI - Electromyographic and vasomotor activity in tension, migraine, and combined headache patients: the influence of postural variation. PMID- 3240237 TI - Are prepared fears less severe, but more resistant to treatment? PMID- 3240238 TI - Predicting response to anxiety management in patients with generalised anxiety disorders. PMID- 3240239 TI - The skull in achondroplasia. PMID- 3240240 TI - Bone formation in achondroplasia. PMID- 3240241 TI - GH therapy in two patients with osteochondrodysplasia. PMID- 3240242 TI - Achondroplasia: an altered GH control in post-receptorial chondrocyte cell sites? PMID- 3240244 TI - Otologic impairments in achondroplasia: a nosologic assessment. AB - The AA report a clinical and radiological study performed in 18 achondroplastic patients in order to achieve a nosological settlement of the otological impairments. They found two main otological syndromes; one, a congenital dysplasic syndrome, showing permanent conductive or sensory-neural hearing loss due to malformations of the middle ear or of the inner ear; the other, an inflammatory tubal tympanic syndrome with transient conductive hearing loss, which is relatively frequent in achondroplastic patients, but seems not related to the main disease. PMID- 3240243 TI - Audiologic findings in achondroplasia. PMID- 3240245 TI - Neurological considerations in achondroplasia. PMID- 3240246 TI - Hypochondroplasia: radiological diagnosis and differential diagnosis. PMID- 3240247 TI - Anaesthesia in achondroplastic dwarves. PMID- 3240248 TI - Premutation in achondroplasia. PMID- 3240249 TI - Mesomelic dwarfism: Campailla-Martinelli type. PMID- 3240250 TI - Acromesomelic dwarfism: Maroteaux-Martinelli-Campailla type. PMID- 3240251 TI - The unreliability of metacarpo-phalangeal profile (MPP) in the diagnosis of achondroplasia. PMID- 3240252 TI - Evaluation of hearing in achondroplastic patients. PMID- 3240253 TI - Orthopedic aspects of achondroplasia in children. PMID- 3240254 TI - Cervicomedullary cord compression in young children with achondroplasia: value of comprehensive neurologic and respiratory evaluation. PMID- 3240255 TI - Surgical management of cervicomedullary compression in achondroplastic patients. PMID- 3240256 TI - Cervical abnormalities in osteochondrodysplasia. PMID- 3240257 TI - Anatomy of the lumbar spinal canal. AB - 1. In the lumbar spinal canal of the achondroplast there is decreased cross sectional area. In addition the intervertebral foramina are narrow. These changes result in reduced area for the dural sac and exiting spinal nerves. 2. There is associated thoracolumbar kyphosis and a lumbosacral hyperlordosis. These sagittal plane changes result in increased tension on the dural sac and nerves. 3. With aging there is disc degeneration with disc space narrowing and osteophyte formation. In addition facet hypertrophy with osteophyte formation are common. These degenerative changes further reduce the size of an already compromised spinal canal and intervertebral foramina. The above understanding of the normal spinal and anatomy in the achondroplast, and the added effects of aging allow the surgeon to plan a logical treatment regimen for neurological problems in the achondroplast. PMID- 3240258 TI - Anatomy of the lumbar spine in achondroplasia. AB - The authors analyze the achondroplastic lumbar spine in the pre-puberal and post puberal periods until adulthood by means of standard X-rays, CT scan, MRI, and myelography. The small spinal canal in achondroplasts must be considered the result of developmental and congenital conditions. Orthopaedic and surgical possibilities are reviewed with the goal of reducing to a minimum the developmental factors. PMID- 3240259 TI - Thoracolumbar kyphosis and lumbosacral hyperlordosis in achondroplastic children. PMID- 3240260 TI - Surgical treatment of kyphosis in achondroplasia. PMID- 3240261 TI - Extended laminectomy for spinal stenosis in achondroplasia. PMID- 3240262 TI - The subarachnoid fluid space in achondroplastic spinal stenosis: the surgical implication. PMID- 3240263 TI - Treatment of kyphosis and lumbar stenosis in achondroplasia. AB - In summary, neurological symptoms in the achondroplast are related to the anatomical spinal canal with degenerative changes and aging altering the delicate biomechanical and microvascular balance. An accurate and detailed history is necessary for diagnosis. Decompression is via a posterior approach with a multi level wide laminectomy with undercutting of the facets and usually multi-level foraminotomies. Kyphosis when present at the time of decompression, or if angular or progressive, requires treatment. A combined two-stage approach with an anterior disc excision and fusion combined with a posterior and posterolateral fusion is the treatment of choice. In angular deformities anterior strut grafting is indicated. The use of instrumentation posteriorly is contraindicated with the possible exception of transpedicular fixation. The instrumentation stabilizes the spine and does to correct the deformity. Using this approach the kyphosis in the achondroplast and the symptomatic spinal stenosis are adequately treated. PMID- 3240264 TI - Relevant principles in the management of spinal disorders in achondroplasia. PMID- 3240265 TI - Kyphosis and lumbar stenosis in achondroplasia. PMID- 3240266 TI - Radiologic features of achondroplasia. PMID- 3240267 TI - Orthotic correction of sitting abnormality in achondroplastic children. PMID- 3240268 TI - The possibilities offered by our method for lengthening various segments in upper and lower limbs. PMID- 3240270 TI - Techniques and results in extensive limb lengthening. PMID- 3240269 TI - Neurological complications arising in bilateral lengthening of the tibiae in an achondroplastic subject. PMID- 3240271 TI - Lengthening of the lower limbs in achondroplastics. PMID- 3240273 TI - Biomechanical problems, axial deviation and functional recovery in extensive limb lengthening. PMID- 3240272 TI - Lengthening of the lower limbs and correction of lumbar hyperlordosis in achondroplasia. AB - This paper describes the technical development as well as results obtained with the method of bone lengthening developed by the author and used over the past fifteen years for the treatment of short-statured conditions not susceptible to hormonal treatment. PMID- 3240274 TI - Strategies for limb lengthening in achondroplasia using the Ilizarov method--the experience of the hospital of Lecco, Italy. PMID- 3240275 TI - Auxological results of surgical correction of hypometries in congenital osteodysplasia. PMID- 3240276 TI - An analysis of referrals to a regional leg-lengthening service with special reference to achondroplasia. PMID- 3240277 TI - Techniques and complications in extensive limb lengthening. PMID- 3240278 TI - Instability of external fixators: evaluation of the problem and suggestions for a solution. PMID- 3240279 TI - Characteristics of the Variodyne external fixators. PMID- 3240280 TI - The experience and the expectations of achondroplastic subjects during the period of surgical lengthening. PMID- 3240281 TI - The psychodynamics of achondroplasia. AB - From the psychological-social point of view, achondroplasia is a complex disorder; in fact, one must take into consideration aspects of the body image, family-surroundings reaction and possible corrective therapy. The achondroplast has a physical image that coincides with his personality and from this standpoint it does not appear to be problematic in the sense that (if accepted right from the start as such) there is a natural acceptance of the disorder, complicated only by the practical difficulties in adapting to a world created for non achondroplasts. The medieval court jester, who was generally a well-adapted achondroplast, is proof of what we have been saying. The problem of the achondroplast arises when his surroundings, right from the start, reject his disorder, connoting it with destructive anxiety: this seriously harms the subject's physical image, making him an outcast. Even though it is difficult to direct the reaction of the family-surroundings, it is the only way to prevent the achondroplast from suffering greatly and to guarantee the best results from a corrective operation, instead of a renewed rejection. PMID- 3240282 TI - Social implications of achondroplasia--a public health view. PMID- 3240283 TI - Social implications of achondroplasia--a public health review. PMID- 3240284 TI - Surgical lengthening of limbs in achondroplastic children: a medical and psycho social program to select and treat patients. PMID- 3240285 TI - Molecular studies in achondroplasia using Co12A1 probes. PMID- 3240286 TI - Histochemical and ultrastructural study of the growth plate in achondroplasia. PMID- 3240287 TI - Growth plate cartilage studies in achondroplasia. PMID- 3240288 TI - Achondroplastic mice: morphological investigations of epiphyseal cartilage and bone. PMID- 3240289 TI - Transfer of a human preproinsulin gene containing plasmid into non-pancreatic mammalian cells. AB - A recombinant plasmid containing the human preproinsulin gene fused to the mouse metallothionein-I-promoter was transferred into Vero cells from a monkey kidney cell line by protoplast fusion. The transient formation of immunoreactive insulin was demonstrated by RIA and studied in the absence and in the presence of zinc and cadmium ions. The recombinant plasmid was encapsulated into reverse-phase evaporated vesicles and the influence of the sonication time on the encapsulated DNA has been studied. It was demonstrated that, although DNA fragmentation occurs, at least a part of the encapsulated DNA retains its biological activity. PMID- 3240290 TI - Evidence for an adenine-dependent inhibitor in serum and plasma which retards the reactivation of lens epithelial cells in primary culture. AB - Primary culture of epithelium-capsule-preparations (ECP) from eye lenses can be performed in a HEPES- and EDTA-buffered salt solution. Addition of serum causes an initial retraction of the epithelium, and thereafter it stimulates spreading and flattening of the cells. In the presence of 10 microM adenine the serum evoked retraction is strengthened, and the serum-stimulated spreading is inhibited. These effects of adenine are mediated by a low molecular weight serum factor, which was partially purified. PMID- 3240291 TI - K transfer in ureter ligated dogs loaded with KCl. AB - In control ureter ligated dogs infused with 2 mEq KCl/kg.h until prelethal electrocardiographic changes of hyperkalemic cardiotoxicity appear, a kaluresis independent K homeostatic mechanism delays the development of hyperkalemia by transferring some 55% of administered K to intracellular fluid. In preparations with cervical trunk vagotomy the proportion increases to about 70%; but not if the adrenals are simultaneously removed or denervated. A dosage of atropine that crosses the blood-brain barrier is an exact substitute for cervical vagotomy. Our findings suggest that ureter ligated K loaded dogs, ureteral and/or renal afferent vagal fibres to the brain release a "muscarinic" neurotransmitter(s) that modulated neural traffic in rami of splanchnic nerves to the adrenal medulla. PMID- 3240292 TI - Three types of single K channels contribute to the transient outward current in myocardial mouse cells. AB - Whole cell currents and single channel currents were measured by a patch clamp technique in single adult cardiocytes of mice. By stepping from Vh = -70 mV into depolarizing direction nonlinear transient whole cell currents could be elicited at test potentials Vt positive to -40 mV. In cell attached patches three types of unitary currents were isolated to contribute to the whole cell current: (1) a 27 pS channel with a mean open time tau 0 = 3.62 +/- 0.61 ms and a fast mean shut time tau s1 = 2.11 +/- 0.35 ms (n = 15), (2) a 12 pS channel with tau 0 = 24.3 +/ 6.1 ms and tau s1 = 5.51 +/- 1.99 ms (n = 8), and (3) a 5 pS channel with tau 0 = 0.71 +/- 0.14 ms (n = 7) and tau s1 = 2.31 +/- 0.46 ms (n = 6). All times were voltage independent, all open time distributions could be fitted monoexponentially, all shut time distributions needed two exponentials. The reversal potential of all channels was determined at -70 mV. By replacement of all Cl- and 91% Na+ in the pipette the three channels were identified as potassium channels. In inside-out patches the application of 5 mmol/l ATP to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane completely blocked the transient 27 pS and 5 pS channels and incompletely the 12 pS channels. In most cases inside-out patches contained several (2-8) time independent ATP regulated 27 pS channels and sometimes (4%) a time independent 12 pS channel. Those channels could also be blocked by ATP as the corresponding transient channels, however the open times were prolonged markedly (27 pS: open time distribution needed two exponentials with tau 01 = 13.1 +/- 5.2 ms and tau 02 = 87 +/- 49 ms, n = 17; 12 pS; tau 0 = 34.0 +/- 12.9 ms; n = 4). A possible identity of the transient and the time independent channels of the same conductance is discussed. PMID- 3240293 TI - Effects of 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione on Sprague Dawley rats lipid metabolism and serum lipoproteins. AB - 2,3-Dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione effectively lowers serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in Sprague Dawley rats after two weeks, after which the cholesterol levels continued to decline. The maximum serum lipid lowering effect on cholesterol or triglyceride levels was during the seventh and eighth week of drug administration. Similar magnitudes of reduction in lipids were observed in hyperlipidemic diet induced mice after four weeks of drug administration of 20 mg/kg.day. Lipid levels in liver, small intestines and aorta wall tissue were significantly reduced after eight weeks of drug administration, but no significant increase in fecal lipids was noted. The cholesterol content in the chylomicrons and in the VLDL and LDL-fractions was significantly reduced whereas HDL cholesterol was elevated by 112%. Neutral lipids and the triglyceride content were not altered in the chylomicron, VLDL and LDL; however, reductions of both levels were observed in the HDL fraction. The phospholipid content was reduced in the LDL and elevated in the other three fractions. Incorporation studies into lipoprotein fractions showed a decrease in cholesterol incorporation in chylomicrons, VLDL and LDL with an increase in HDL cholesterol incorporation. Palmitic acid incorporation was reduced in the chylomicron, VLDL and HDL fractions. 32P-Incorporation was reduced in the HDL fraction. Leucine incorporation into the apoproteins of all four fractions was elevated. Rate limiting enzymes involved in de novo cholesterol, fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis were inhibited by 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione after eight weeks of administration. There was no evidence that the drug caused an increase in peroxisome formation as measured by liver catalase activity nor the release of lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes as measured by acid phosphatase and cathepsin activities. The drug afforded no deleterious effects on clinical chemistry parameters after eight weeks administration. PMID- 3240295 TI - Cloprostenol prevents reperfusion induced fibrillation in isolated Langendorff heart preparation of guinea-pigs. AB - Cloprostenol, a synthetic derivative of prostaglandin F2 alpha, exhibits antiarrhythmic properties against reperfusion induced fibrillation in guinea-pig hearts in vitro. It decreases the incidence of fibrillation from 75.0% to 0%. This antifibrillatory effect of cloprostenol could be confirmed also by in vivo experiments. PMID- 3240294 TI - Alterations in calmodulin content of rat brain areas after chronic application of haloperidol and amphetamine. AB - The water-soluble (cytosolic) and Lubrol-soluble (membrane-bound) calmodulin contents were determined radioimmunologically in fractions of striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum of dopamine supersensitive rats. Development of supersensitivity was the sequel of 3-weeks treatment of the animals with 1 mg/kg haloperidol or 5 mg/kg amphetamine i.p. daily. In the dopamine-rich striatum, the membrane-bound calmodulin content was increased by both modes of treatment, consistent with data from the literature. The patterns suggest that additional calmodulin was synthesized under the conditions studied. The hippocampus, the region poor in dopamine while playing an essential role in learning and memory formation processes, revealed similar patterns after both modes of treatment. However, in this region a pronounced translocation was seen, i.e. a redistribution from the cytosolic into the membrane compartment, without signs evidencing enhanced synthesis. The third region under investigation, the cerebellum, did not show any alterations in calmodulin content. Differentiation between pre- and postsynaptic changes was not possible. The results are discussed in the light of the present knowledge about participation of dopaminergic systems in processes of neuronal plasticity. PMID- 3240296 TI - Different susceptibility of cortical and medullary rat kidney mitochondria to ischemic injury. AB - Rat kidneys were exposed for different times to in vitro ischemia at 37 degrees C. Then the mitochondria of cortex and medulla were isolated and their respiratory qualities were determined. In dependence on the ischemic time, the active respiration (state 3) and the respiratory control index decreased whereas the resting state respiration (state 4) increased. The cortical mitochondria were affected more strongly by ischemia than medullary mitochondria. Therefore, the different susceptibility of cortical and medullary mitochondria to ischemia does not explain the suggested high risk of medulla for ischemia. PMID- 3240297 TI - [Effect of gangliosides on learning a conditioned flight reaction in rats on the shuttle box]. AB - The influence of ganglioside application on active conditioning avoidance response in rats was examined. Gangliosides produce an improvement of the acquisition of the conditioning avoidance response without an influence on the retention. PMID- 3240298 TI - Effects of chronic bile-duct ligation on the baroreceptor reflex in dogs. AB - The purpose of the present experiments was to examine the effects of chronic bile duct ligation (CBDL) on the baroreceptor reflex system. The open-loop gain (G) of the baroreceptor reflex system and pressor response to noradrenaline were measured in seven dogs with CBDL for 4 to 6 weeks, and the data were compared with those of seven control dogs. The liver function of the CBDL-dogs was significantly impaired. G was assessed as (delta API/delta APS)-1, where delta API and delta APS represent the immediate and steady-state decreases in arterial pressure at the aortic arch following a fast step-wise reduction in blood volume. The value of G was 8.8 +/- 0.9 (mean +/- SE) in the control-group and 5.3 +/- 2.1 in the CBDL-group (p less than 0.05). The maximum increase in arterial pressure in response to a bolus injection of noradrenaline (0.5 micrograms/kg i.v.) was 29.3 +/- 4.4 mm Hg in the control-group and 19.7 +/- 1.6 mm Hg in the CBDL-group (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that CBDL leads to a decrease in responsiveness of the vascular smooth muscle to noradrenaline which in turn results in a decrease in open-loop gain of the baroreceptor reflex system. PMID- 3240299 TI - Lesions of anterior thalamic nuclei impair acquisition of new and changing of preoperatively learnt active avoidance stereotypes. AB - Six-month-old male Long-Evans rats reproduced their preoperatively learnt active avoidance responses (CAR) in a Y-maze and in a jump test box after bilateral symmetric lesions of thalamic anterior ventral (AV) and anterior medial (AM) nuclei without significant changes. However, when the test sequence was changed in a way that transitions from high success probability (low error probability) to low success probability (high error probability) were taken into account, then problems with time limit and increased punishments were not overcome by lesioned rats. Transitions in the opposite direction were better mastered. All AV-AM rats were unable to acquire a new CAR stereotype in a W-like maze in which the first phase had a low success probability. Rats without lesions were rarely influenced by various test sequences. The lesioned rats showed purely arrest behaviour and did not develop learned helplessness in successless sessions and were transiently hyperactive in the open field test. The data support the hypothesis that the anterior thalamic nuclei as part of the Papez circuit participate in the analysis of success probability and preferent consolidation of correct responses, when stereotype behaviour has to be changed. PMID- 3240301 TI - Effect of pentoxifylline on the ischemic rat kidney monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy in vivo. AB - The effect of pentoxifylline on the recovery of renal energy metabolism after ischemia and reperfusion was studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo. Rat kidneys were exposed to 15, 30 and 60 min, respectively, of ischemia by clamping the arteria renalis. Pre-ischemic application of pentoxifylline improves the recovery of renal energy metabolism. The concentration of ATP was found to be higher in pentoxifylline pretreated kidneys than in controls after ischemia. The 5'-nucleotidase inhibiting activity of pentoxifylline is suggested to be the mechanism responsible for the protective effect of the drug. 31P NMR spectroscopy proved to be a powerful tool for continuous follow-up of drug effects on metabolic processes. PMID- 3240300 TI - Excretory function after renal denervation and administration of diuretics to unanesthetized dogs. AB - Diuretics were administered intravenously to unanesthetized dogs with exteriorized ureters for separate urine collection from both kidneys: furosemide (0.2 mg/kg), ethacrynic acid (0.22 mg/kg), acetazolamide (3.0 mg/kg), amiloride (1.0 mg/kg b.w.). Diuresis, urine and plasma osmolality, excretion, clearances and excretion fractions of sodium, potassium, chloride and magnesium were determined. After left-side kidney denervation not later than 50 days after operation, the above mentioned diuretics were administered to the same animals. The responses of the denervated and intact kidneys were compared. During some of the experiments after furosemide administration isotonic solution of sodium chloride in a volume, adequate to the volume of the collected urine, was infused. Furosemide or ethacrynic acid administration leads to a higher increase of both diuresis and chloride excretion from denervated kidney as compared to the intact one. After ethacrynic acid administration magnesium excretion from the denervated kidney was registered to be higher than that from the intact one. After chronic renal denervation of unanesthetized dogs, chloride and magnesium reabsorption in the ascending limb of Henle's loop was greater in the denervated than in the intact kidney. Amiloride suppression of potassium secretion in the distal part of the nephron did not lead to differences between the denervated and intact kidneys. The decreased volume of extracellular liquid, resulting from diuretic action, did not change the response of the denervated kidney to furosemide or to ethacrynic acid. PMID- 3240302 TI - Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in very-low-birth-weight infants appropriate for gestational age fed human milk. AB - The concentrations of calcium and phosphorus and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum were evaluated in 42 very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) and 83 low birth-weight (LBW) infants on the 7th, 21st, and 42nd day of life. 9 VLBW and 16 LBW infants were randomized for measurement of the renal excretion of calcium and phosphorus on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 21st, and 42nd day of life during human milk feeding and 14 VLBW-infants fed human milk supplemented with 1 mmol NaH2PO4 per 100 ml. All serum parameters were found to be normal. Supplementation of human milk with NaH2PO4 leads to a tendency of higher concentrations of phosphorus than found in VLBW-infants exclusively fed with native human milk, but all differences between the two groups were not significant. VLBW-infants appeared more than LBW infants to be conserving phosphorus and wasting calcium during human milk feeding. Supplementation of human milk with NaH2PO4 results in higher phosphorus lower calcium excretion in urine of VLBW-infants, but they do not reach the values of LBW-infants. Because the activity of alkaline phosphatase was not different between the feeding groups and in all cases within the normal range a delayed bone mineralisation cannot be assumed in the infants studied. Thus, the phosphorus deficiency which is shown by the renal excretion of calcium and phosphorus in the VLBW-infants can be considered to be latent. In the light of our data the concentration of phosphorus in human milk seems to be too low and the calcium/phosphorus ratio too high for the optimal mineral metabolism in VLBW infants. The supplementation used improves the situation, but the phosphorus intake seems still too low. Further investigations are needed to detect the optimal phosphorus intake for these infants. The calcium/phosphorus ratio in the urine is a good marker to estimate a latent phosphorus deficiency in VLBW infants. PMID- 3240303 TI - Changes in the plasma free fatty acid composition during VLDL lipolysis induced by heparin: their effect on platelet phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. AB - The contribution of the acyl specificity of post heparin lipolytic enzymes to changes in the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) pattern during very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) lipolysis, was studied. The effect of these changes in the 3H choline incorporation into platelet phosphatidylcholine (PC) during incubation, was also investigated. "In vitro" experiments with post heparin plasma and isolated VLDL showed an increase of 61.1 in the percentage of linoleic acid (C 18:2) concomitant with a decrease of 57.1% in the relative concentration of stearic acid (C 18:0) during VLDL triacylglycerol lipolysis. Similarly, a decrease of 39.2% in the plasma concentration of C 18:0 and an increase of 29.4% in the C 18:2 and 9.6% in the oleic acid (C 18:1) concentration were observed after intravenous injection of low doses of heparin. The plasma FFA compositional changes that occur during "in vitro" VLDL lipolysis accelerate not only the incorporation of labeled choline but also the incorporation of C 18:2 into platelet PC. It is suggested that the above observed changes on platelet response are due to the increase in the C 18:2 concentration during incubation. PMID- 3240304 TI - Changes of glycogen phosphorylase isozyme pattern, in rat tissues during pre- and postnatal development. AB - Quantitative estimates of M- and L-type phosphorylase subunits in adult and developing rat tissues have been obtained by immunotitration of tissue extracts with subunit-specific antibodies. It has been shown that M-type subunits occur in all studied tissues with exception of adult liver and placenta. L-type subunits account for most of the total phosphorylase activity in liver and bone marrow but are present also in a variety of other adult and in most of the fetal tissues examined. During maturation, selective increases in the expression of phosphorylase isozymes occur in certain tissues such as liver, brain, heart and skeletal muscle. The hitherto unknown hybrid LM has been produced by in vitro hybridization of M- and L-subunits. PMID- 3240305 TI - Influence of velocity, temporal frequency and initial phase position of grating patterns on motion VEP. AB - The cortical potential visually evoked by motion of a periodic grating (motion VEP) is composed of a transient component which decays within 500 ms of stimulus onset (motion-on VEP) and a sustained component. Amplitude and peak latency of wave N2 of the motion-on VEP are functions of grating velocity. Both remain constant at spatial frequencies between 0.6 and 4.3 c/deg and at temporal frequencies within the equivalent intervals. The transient component of the motion VEP is independent of the spatial phase position of the grating before motion onset. The sustained component can only be seen in the averaged motion VEP at constant phase position of the grating before motion onset. This potential consists of periodical fluctuations with a main frequency equal to the temporal frequency of the moving grating. As a result of psychophysical investigations some authors suggest pattern velocity is the relevant variable of velocity perception, others temporal frequency. The motion VEP is dependent on both velocity and temporal frequency, the transient component is a function of velocity, the sustained component of temporal frequency. PMID- 3240306 TI - [Effect of metabolic changes in the liver on the cytotoxic activity of cyclophosphamide in the incisor of rats]. AB - The incisor of the rat is a sensitive biological indicator which records nutritive and hormonal disorders as well as toxic influences. The present investigation was aimed to provide information whether or not the manifestation of cyclophosphamide-caused hypoplasias could be altered by an induction (phenobarbital) or inhibition (carbon tetrachloride) of the liver biotransformation capacity. Cyclophosphamide (15 or 30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. Pretreatment of the rat with phenobarbital produced an increase (35%) of the malformation, whereas carbon tetrachloride led to a dose dependent decrease (30 or 50%). Our investigations suggest that the cyclophosphamide induced defect of the incisor is due to an alteration of the metabolic liver function. PMID- 3240307 TI - Vasomotor tone of isolated porcine coronary veins in response to acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and histamine. AB - The reactivity of isolated porcine coronary venous segments to acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and histamine was tested in organ bath experiments. Acetylcholine dilated precontracted venous preparations endothelium-dependently. This relaxation was inhibited by atropine indicating the muscarinic nature of this response. Noradrenaline contracted the vessels by an alpha-adrenergic mechanism, whereas beta-receptor-induced dilatation could not be seen. Histamine induced contraction of porcine venous preparations via H1-receptors. These results suggest that the coronary venous system is involved in the regulation of the coronary blood flow in addition to metabolic mechanisms and to nervous influences on the arterial side. PMID- 3240308 TI - [EEG changes in rats after subchronic exposure to ethanol]. AB - EEG-investigations in rats were carried out 2 weeks after finishing a 3-month exposure scheme to ethanol (113 mmol/kg b.w., p.o., 5 times per week). We found pronounced disturbances of the sleep-wake behaviour as a reflection of a serious damage of the alertness-regulating system. The previously exposed animals did show disturbed vigilance and changes in the course and character of sleep, a reduction of power density in the alpha-, and an increase within the beta- and delta frequency bands of the EEG. The essential conclusions drawn from the experiment are comparable with EEG-changes in abstinent alcoholics, as reported in the literature. PMID- 3240309 TI - Nephrotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of cisplatinum in young and adult rats. AB - Wistar rats (10 and 55 days old) were administered a single dose of 0.6 mg cisplatinum (CP) 100 g body wt. intraperitoneally. Urinary volume, p aminohippurate and total protein excretion were determined. Separation of urinary proteins was performed by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Significant symptoms of nephrotoxicity (oliguria, reduced PAH excretion, heavy proteinuria, changes in urinary protein composition) were detected in adult rats 72 h after CP. At that time young rats did not show distinct signs of nephrotoxicity. Experiments on time dependence of nephrotoxicity showed that in young rats symptoms occurred already 6 h after CP administration, and 72 h after CP the damage was nearly completely repaired. Pt determination in serum, kidney tissue, and urine showed a shorter t1/2 in serum, lower concentrations in kidney tissue as well as higher Pt-concentrations in urine of young compared with adult rats. PMID- 3240311 TI - The FDA's regulation of biotechnology: an activist approach. PMID- 3240310 TI - Amnesic action of 2-deoxy-D-galactose is not related to alterations in the release of dopamine and noradrenaline. AB - 2-deoxy-D-galactose, an inhibitor of glycoprotein fucosylation, did neither affect the K+-stimulated release of noradrenaline from rat striatal slices nor that of dopamine from striatal synaptosomes. The results are discussed in the light of an amnesic action of the deoxy-sugar in animal learning experiments. PMID- 3240312 TI - Hypolipidemic drug clofibrate promotes hepatic tumor. AB - In diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats, administration of clofibrate for 32 weeks induced neoplastic lesions and hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast to conventional carcinogens, clofibrate effected a marked decrease in the activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Ornithine was selectively channeled into polyamine synthesis with concomitant repression of the urea cycle and the transamination pathway. These histological and biochemical studies suggest that clofibrate acts as a promoting agent in hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 3240313 TI - Antibodies against alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase inhibit the activities of other unrelated NADH-requiring dehydrogenases. AB - Polyclonal rabbit antibodies to NADH-requiring enzymes such as yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) immunoinhibit the activities of other unrelated dehydrogenases. The immunoinhibition of malate-dehydrogenase (MDH) activity by anti-yeast ADH IgG and anti-hog LDH IgG was dependent on the concentration of antibodies and time. This demonstration of cross-reactivity with unrelated enzyme proteins reveals the existence of an antigenic site around the NADH binding region in each of these enzymes. Pre-treatment of the enzyme with NADH resulted in complete protection against immuno-inactivation. The competitive binding of NADH and the ineffectiveness of ATP establish the difference in the antigenic site around the NADH- and ATP-binding region. PMID- 3240314 TI - Deleterious effect of Brij 35 on alkyl 2-pyrones and other hydrophobic inhibitors of human sputum and leucocyte elastase. AB - Brij 35 significantly reduced the inhibitory activity of hydrophobic alkyl 2 pyrones, oleic acid and alkyl peptides towards human sputum and leucocyte elastase, whereas 4-methoxy-6-(2'-hydroxy-2'-(carbobutyloxy)-vinyl)-2-pyrone, alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor and a sulfated chitosan were unaffected. The effect of Brij 35 on elastase appeared to be irreversible, since dialysis against Brij free buffer was not accompanied by a return to inhibitory activity by the first group of inhibitors. However, passage through an ionic-exchange column was effective in removing the detergent from the enzyme. Brij 35 is also an activator of the elastases: kcat for Boc-Ala-4-nitrophenyl ester and methylsuccinyl-Ala-Ala Pro-Val-4-nitroanilide increased by 20% and 40%, respectively in the presence of 0.015% Brij 35. Binding of the substrates to the enzyme is unaffected, since Km is unchanged. PMID- 3240315 TI - Concanavalin A interacts with lysozyme: a model for understanding lectin- glycoprotein interactions. AB - Lysozyme, a well-characterized protein which is known to be devoid of any carbohydrate residues, was found to interact with Con A. This interaction could be inhibited by high salt concentration or ethylene glycol or specific sugars. These results indicate that the protein part of glycoproteins may play an important role in lectin-glycoprotein interactions. PMID- 3240316 TI - Induction of heme oxygenase in rat hepatoma cells by exposure to heavy metals and hyperthermia. AB - Treatment of rat hepatoma dRLh-84 cells with sodium arsenite, cadmium chloride and cobalt chloride resulted in marked induction of protein with a molecular mass of 32 kDa. To examine the possibility that the induced 32 kDa protein may be heme oxygenase, the enzyme activity was measured, and then the activity in the cells increased by these metals, and heat shock treatments. Immunoblot analysis showed that the induction of 32 kDa protein reacted with anti-heme oxygenase antibody occurred by the treatments. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the induction of heme oxygenase by arsenite, cadmium and cobalt, and by hyperthermia was regulated at transcriptional level. These findings support the hypothesis that the 32 kDa stress protein induced by heavy metals in rat hepatoma cells is heme oxygenase. PMID- 3240317 TI - Interaction of rat testis protein, TP, with nucleosome core particle. AB - Circular dichroism studies have revealed that addition of testis specific protein, TP in vitro, to rat testes nucleosome core particle resulted in a decrease in the compaction of the core particle DNA. This was also corroborated by thermal denaturation analysis. Addition of TP to nucleosome core particle resulted in the conversion of a biphasic transition towards a single phase. However, at the same time there was a 20% reduction in the overall hyperchromicity of core particle DNA at core particle to TP molar ratios of 1:2 and 1:3. These observations along with our earlier report, showing the DNA melting properties of TP, suggest that TP may play an important role in the disassembly process of nucleosome core particle during spermiogenesis. PMID- 3240318 TI - The structure of the rat liver glycogen backbone protein. AB - Rat liver glycogen was freed of non-covalently bound protein. The backbone protein was purified from the pure glycogen. This protein had a molecular weight of 60,000 daltons and amino acid analysis showed it to be rich in glutamate, serine and the hydrophobic amino acids. In both size and amino acid content it differed from the corresponding rabbit muscle protein. An O-type glycoprotein linkage is suggested. PMID- 3240319 TI - Arginine modification by phenylglyoxal and (p-hydroxyphenyl)glyoxal: reaction rates and intermediates. AB - Reaction rates and pathways of two commonly used arginine-modifying reagents, phenylglyoxal (PGO) and (p-hydroxyphenyl)glyoxal (HPGO), were investigated by spectrophotometry. The initial rate at pH 9.0 of PGO with arginyl compounds was found to be 15 to 20 times greater than that of HPGO in the absence of borate but only 1.6 times greater in the presence of borate. Time-resolved spectra of HPGO reactions with arginines revealed, in contrast to the relatively simple spectra of PGO, at least two spectrophotometrically identifiable intermediates, one non absorbing at 336 nm and the other absorbing at 458 nm. The 458 nm absorbing intermediate species was no longer detectable in the presence of borate. PMID- 3240320 TI - Interaction of ferriprotoporphyrin IX with the antimalarials amodiaquine and halofantrine. AB - Light-absorption spectra in the range of 350 to 650 nm of ferriprotoporphyrin IX (ferriheme), both in the presence and absence of either amodiaquine or halofantrine, have been compared in aqueous solution (pH 7.4) at room temperature. In the presence of the drugs, a distinct absorption maximum in the region of 600 to 610 nm, a shoulder near 490 to 500 nm, a maximum around 393 nm and a shoulder near 370 nm have been recorded. The spectral characteristics observed differ significantly from those of free ferriheme under similar conditions and indicate complex formation between ferriheme and either amodiaquine or halofantrine. Analogous absorption spectra were also described previously for complexes of ferriheme with either chloroquine, quinine or quinidine. The present results are considered to be consistent with a receptor action of ferriheme suggested previously and therefore remove recent objections to this hypothesis. PMID- 3240321 TI - Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in the regulation of hyaluronate production during limb development. AB - Cocultures of ectoderm and mesoderm from chick limb buds produced 1.5 to 2.5-fold more hyaluronate than the sum of that produced by epithelium and mesoderm cultures grown separately. Mesoderm incubated with conditioned medium prepared from cultures of limb ectoderm synthesized 2.5-fold more hyaluronate. The increase in hyaluronate was not due to a stimulation of cell proliferation, nor was there increased incorporation into total protein or chondroitin sulfate. These results suggest that in the developing limb the ectoderm may influence the subjacent mesoderm to maintain a relatively high rate of hyaluronate synthesis, resulting in a peripheral limb bud matrix enriched in hyaluronate. PMID- 3240322 TI - Transferrin receptor activity in rat mammary epithelial cells. AB - The binding of 125I-transferrin to rat mammary cells isolated by collagenase and hyaluronidase digestion has been investigated. Surface binding was determined at 4 degrees C and total binding also at 4 degrees C but in the presence of 0.1% w/v saponin. KD values between 20 and 25 nM were obtained. Binding assays at 37 degrees C showed the internalisation of the receptor and the bound transferrin was occurring but also provided evidence for an impaired recycling of the receptors to the cell surface in the freshly isolated cells. No differences in total binding were observed in cells prepared at different stages of lactation with a mean value of 29 fmol transferrin bound/micrograms cellular DNA, equivalent to 180,000 receptors per cell. PMID- 3240323 TI - Spectral perturbation of human microsomal cytochrome P-450 by flavonoid binding. AB - Aromatase is the cytochrome P-450 complex responsible for oestrogen biosynthesis in vivo. Inhibitors of this enzyme complex might therefore serve to modulate oestrogen-dependent processes by interfering with the production of oestrogens. Thus, these agents may be useful in reproductive processes and in treating oestrogen-dependent disease states such as breast and endometrial cancer. We have demonstrated that inhibitors such as the naturally occurring flavonoids having 5,7-dihydroxy substituents can bind to human placental cytochrome P-450 with affinity comparable to their ability to inhibit aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone to oestradiol and oestrone, respectively. It appears that the mechanism of this inhibition requires the flavonoid to bind to the active site of the cytochrome P-450 without prior generation of metabolic intermediate products. Our data also suggest that the presently known differences in potency of inhibition of cytochrome P-450-mediated aromatization of steroids by different hydroxylated derivatives of 5,7-dihydroxyflavones may arise from their different binding affinity to the enzyme, particularly those compounds hydroxylated in the C3 position in ring C of the flavonoid nucleus. PMID- 3240324 TI - Effect of oleic acid on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in rat brain slices. AB - We tested the effect of oleic acid on oxidative phosphorylation and free fatty acid composition in rat brain slices simultaneously to investigate the relationship between the change in respiratory control ratio and the uptake of oleic acid in the brain mitochondria. The uncoupling of mitochondria was observed when the ratio of oleic acid to stearic acid in the free fatty acid fraction was nearly doubled, but was not recovered even by the addition of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin. The data suggest that the intactness of oxidative phosphorylation of brain mitochondria is maintained by the precise control of the free fatty acid composition in the mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 3240325 TI - [Structural organization of glutamate dehydrogenase hexamer. 1. Immobilization on sepharose as a model for analysis of structural-functional characteristics of the enzyme]. AB - Bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase (L-glutamate-NAD(P)-oxidoreductase, EC 1.4.1.3) and its radioactive phosphopyridoxyl derivative were covalently immobilized on Sepharose CL-4B with different degrees of cyanogen bromide activation. The catalytical and regulatory properties of the immobilized samples of the enzymes were studied. It was shown that the enzymes were immobilized through a single subunit of hexamer when sepharose was activated by small amounts of cyanogen bromide (less than 5 mg per 1 ml of gel). In this case, the immobilization did not alter the catalytical and regulatory properties of glutamate dehydrogenase. The immobilized radioactive phosphopyridoxyl derivative of glutamate dehydrogenase completely imitated the immobilized native enzyme and can be used as a convenient model for structural and functional investigation of catalytically active hexamer of glutamate dehydrogenase. PMID- 3240326 TI - [Structural organization of glutamate dehydrogenase. 2. Inactivation and dissociation of immobilized hexamer induced by urea]. AB - The urea-induced inactivation and dissociation of catalytically active hexamer of glutamate dehydrogenase (L-glutamate-NAD(P)-oxidoreductase, EC 1.4.1.3) from bovine liver were studied using radioactive phosphopyridoxyl derivative of the enzyme immobilized on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose CL-4B. It is shown that at neutral pH (7.0-7.8) urea causes dissociation of glutamate dehydrogenase to directly yield catalytically inactive immobilized monomers rather than hexamer's stable fragments at the same time. At pH 8.9 or 5.6 the urea-induced is accompanied by the formation of conformationally stable immobilized dimers or trimers, respectively. The trimers are catalytically active, whereas the dimers did not exhibit any enzymatic activity. The data obtained led to suggestion that the hexamer consists of three either equivalent dimers (3 alpha 2) or of two equivalent trimers (2 alpha 3). PMID- 3240327 TI - [New types of polymerizable phosphatidylcholines, synthesis and properties]. AB - Phosphatidylcholines bearing 11-methacryloylaminoundecanoyl or 12-keto-10 octadecanoyl residues were synthesized. Both phosphatidylcholines are easily polymerized under UV irradiation. The second phospholipid produces liposomes which, after polymerization, acquire an increased stability to deteriorating factors (organic solvents, detergents and human plasma). PMID- 3240328 TI - [Synthesis of acridine derivatives of amino acid hydrazines and their antimalarial activity]. AB - 2-Methoxy-6-chloroacridine-9-yl- and 2-ethoxy-6-nitroacridine-9-yl-hydrazides of glycine, alpha- and beta-alanines, gamma-aminobutiric acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid have been synthesized and their antimalarial activity has been investigated. The compounds were found to inhibit the growth of malaria parasite P. falciparum in in vitro cultures. Fifty per cent inhibitory concentrations ranged from 2 x 10(-7) to 6 x 10(-7) M and corresponded to therapeutic concentrations of known quinoline and acridine antimalarial drugs. The beta-alanine and gamma aminobutiric acid derivatives were the most active and showed high activity against a chloroquine resistant strain of P. falciparum. PMID- 3240329 TI - [Primer-dependent amplification of 2 sites of human beta-globin gene]. AB - The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has been used for amplification of two segments of the human beta-globin gene comprising most of pathogenic mutations in the gene. PMID- 3240330 TI - [The structure of capsule polysaccharide of Klebsiella ozaenae K4 containing 3 deoxynonulosonic acid]. AB - 3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid was identified as a component of the Klebsiella ozaenae K4 capsular polysaccharide. On the basis of methylation, complete and partial acid hydrolyses, Smith degradation, and NMR analysis including computer-assisted 13C NMR evaluation, the following structure of the polysaccharide has been established. PMID- 3240331 TI - Immunoglobulin-bound lipoproteins (Ig-Lp) as markers of familial hypercholesterolemia, xanthomatosis and atherosclerosis. AB - In autoimmune hyper- or dislipidemia secondary to a monoclonal antilipoprotein gammapathy, immunoglobulin-lipoprotein (Ig-Lp) complexes are found in the circulating blood. In order to determine their possible significance in common types of hyperlipidemia we compared the Ig-Lp content of sera from 98 healthy blood donors and 155 outpatients from a Lipid Clinic, including 91 cases of hypercholesterolemia (55 familial and 36 non-familial), 15 cases of hypertriglyceridemia, 20 cases of mixed hyperlipidemia and 29 miscellaneous cases. Detection of the Ig-Lp was performed by an ELISA technique with polyclonal affinity purified anti-LDL + HDL as capture antibodies and peroxidase-labeled anti-Ig antibodies specific for IgA, IgG, IgM heavy chains as indicators. Two cases of monoclonal gammapathy (one IgA K and one IgG L) with dislipidemia served as positive controls for the test. IgG, IgA and IgM Lp were found in the sera of the blood donors, in very small quantities when compared with the monoclonal gammapathy cases. All three types of Ig-Lp were also found in the different hyperlipidemic populations studied. When blood donors were compared to hyperlipidemic patients, no difference was observed for IgG Lp. A significant increase in IgM Lp was found in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (P less than 0.01). An increase in IgA Lp was also found in hypercholesterolemia, familial or not (P less than 0.01), and in patients with corneal arcus (P less than 0.0001), ischaemic disease (P less than 0.01), tendon xanthomas (P less than 0.05) or xanthelasma (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, in a group of 18 paired parents from 9 different families, positive interparent correlations were found for IgM Lp (r = 0.78; P = 0.013) and IgG Lp (r = 0.69; P = 0.038). Therefore IgM Lp may be markers for subpopulations of familial hypercholesterolemia, and IgA Lp markers for the risk of atherosclerotic ischemic disease and deposition of lipids in the cornea. It may be (1) that natural clones of autoanti-lipoprotein antibodies are responsible for the minute quantities of Ig-Lp found in normal people; (2) that the marked development of one of these clones is the cause of autoimmune hyper- or dyslipidemia and xanthomatosis associated with monoclonal gammapathy; (3) that the limited development of a clone produces the Ig-Lp particles found in hypercholesterolemic patients; (4) that there are types of Ig Lp particles (IgA Lp) that may be harmful for tissues independently of hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 3240332 TI - Dietary fructose exacerbates the cardiac abnormalities of copper deficiency in rats. AB - Copper deficiency has been shown to result in severe cardiovascular lesions in several species of animals. The principal carbohydrate in the copper-deficient diet most often used with rats is sucrose, which is known to have adverse effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and thus may contribute to cardiovascular disorders. These observations prompted experiments in which starch and fructose were substituted for sucrose in a copper-deficient diet, to see if the effects of the copper deficiency might be modified. In the hearts from rats fed copper deficient diets with fructose or sucrose, there was marked, mostly ventricular hypertrophy, and mild to severe myocardial inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis. Aneurysm of the left ventricle and pericarditis also were common. Hearts from the starch, copper-deficient groups were much less hypertrophic, and very few were affected by myocardial inflammation, degeneration, or fibrosis. Defects of elastin or other structures were not observed in the aortas or pulmonary or coronary arteries of any specimens. PMID- 3240333 TI - Effects of ciprofibrate and fenofibrate on liver lipids and lipoprotein synthesis in normo- and hyperlipidemic rats. AB - The plasma lipoprotein and liver lipid composition, and the lipid, cholesterol and apolipoprotein synthesis have been studied in normal and diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats, receiving ciprofibrate (2.5 mg/kg body weight) or fenofibrate (50 mg/kg b.w.) for 8 days. Ciprofibrate is about 25-fold more active than fenofibrate in reducing plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations both in normolipemic and in hyperlipemic rats. In normolipemic rats ciprofibrate reduced the concentration and the lipid content of all lipoprotein classes. The incorporation of [14C]palmitate and [3H]leucine into the lipoproteins was reduced by ciprofibrate and fenofibrate. The reduction in lipoprotein production was confirmed by prevention of Triton-induced hyperlipemia. Liver and plasma cholesterol synthesis estimated by 3H2O and [14C]mevalonate incorporation indicated an inhibitory effect on HMG-CoA reductase. Administration of ciprofibrate or fenofibrate to rats fed a fat and cholesterol-rich diet partially prevented liver steatosis and hyperlipemia. Both drugs reduced the overproduction of lower density lipoproteins. The ratio of (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol/HDL cholesterol which was increased by the diet alone from 0.4 (normal) to 11 remained close to the normal value in the animals receiving ciprofibrate. In the hyperlipemic animals, ciprofibrate reduced the incorporation of [3H]oleate into the liver and plasma glycerolipid and increased cholesterol esterification. Ciprofibrate efficiently reduces plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid. Cholesterol and glycerolipid synthesis in the liver were significantly reduced leading to a lower lipoprotein secretion rate in both normolipidemic and diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. PMID- 3240334 TI - Effect of dried garlic on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, platelet aggregation and serum cholesterol levels in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - The effects of intake of dried garlic on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, platelet aggregation, serum cholesterol levels, and blood pressure were studied in 20 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia over a period of four weeks. Fibrinogen and fibrinopeptide A significantly decreased by 10%. Streptokinase activated plasminogen and fibrinopeptide B beta 15-42 significantly increased by about 10%. Serum cholesterol levels significantly decreased by 10%. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased. ADP and collagen induced platelet aggregation were not influenced. PMID- 3240335 TI - Endogenous estrogen levels and calcium intakes in postmenopausal women. Relationships with cortical bone measures. AB - To examine the interactions between hormone levels and calcium with cortical bone, we have attempted to combine risk factors for the development of peak skeletal mass with factors that may be related to the maintenance of bone integrity after menopause. A total of 174 postmenopausal women participated in our study. There was little relationship found between androgen hormones and radial bone density. Estrone levels were independently related to radial bone density. Examination of the relationship of calcium intake to bone revealed a protective effect solely in women who reported high "lifetime" calcium intakes. Taking calcium and estrone together revealed an additive relationship between the two factors, in that women with high estrone and high calcium levels had significantly greater bone density than women with less calcium and/or estrone. The results suggest that a lifetime of adequate calcium intake coupled with adequate levels of serum estrogens could maximize bone density after menopause. PMID- 3240336 TI - Program and papers: 2nd annual North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference. Orlando, Florida, September 28-October 1, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3240337 TI - The generic drug debate. PMID- 3240339 TI - Alternative processing pathways for preprovasoactive intestinal peptide in the enteric nervous system of the rat. AB - In order to study biosynthetic processing of preprovasoactive intestinal peptide (prepro VIP) we have raised antisera to sequences that flank the biologically active peptides VIP and PHI (peptide with N-terminal His and C-terminal Ile). We have used these antisera in radioimmunoassays to identify the N-terminal flanking peptide (NFP) and C-terminal flanking peptide (CFP)-like immunoreactivities in rat brain and gastrointestinal tract. Concentrations of NFP-LI were similar to those of VIP in brain and throughout the gut. Concentrations of CFP-LI were 10 20% those of VIP-LI but could be increased 5-fold by digestion with carboxypeptidase B, suggesting that the C-terminal lysine residue of prepro VIP is not normally removed during processing. In rat stomach the NFP-LI was of higher molecular weight and greater hydrophobicity than the intestinal component. The data are consistent with alternative processing pathways for prepro VIP in enteric nerves of rat stomach and intestine. PMID- 3240338 TI - gamma-Glutamylamine derivatives in isolated rat hepatocyte proteins. AB - Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were found to contain a 3-fold higher level of putrescine than perfused liver. The bulk of this diamine was recovered in the acid-insoluble fraction of the cell. In order to determine the nature of the amine binding, the levels of gamma-glutamylamine derivatives were measured. The method used involves exhaustive proteolytic digestion of the acid-insoluble fraction of hepatocytes, followed by ion-exchange chromatography. For N1-(gamma glutamyl)putrescine, a combined ion-exchange chromatographic and reverse-phase h.p.l.c. procedure was adopted. This allowed for the direct detection of less than 50 pmol of this derivative in enzymic hydrolysates. Several of the gamma glutamylamines reported previously [Beninati, Piacentini, Argento-Ceru', Russo Caia & Autuori (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 841, 120-126] in the whole organ were found in the isolated liver cells. The elevated level of N1-(gamma glutamyl)putrescine and the absence of bis-(gamma-glutamyl)spermine was noteworthy. The results suggest that, in rat hepatocytes, both polyamine dependent post-translational modification of some proteins and cross-linking between proteins involving the glutamine and lysine residues occurs. PMID- 3240340 TI - Synthesis and study of phosphoenolthiopyruvate. AB - Phosphoenolthiopyruvate, the analogue of phosphoenolpyruvate in which the bridging oxygen of the phosphate ester is replaced by sulfur, has been synthesized from methyl acrylate and dimethyl (chlorothio)phosphonate. The compound is a substrate for alkaline phosphatase, pyruvate kinase, enolase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Both pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase convert the compound to thiopyruvate, which is a substrate for lactate dehydrogenase. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is slowly inactivated by phosphoenolthiopyruvate. PMID- 3240341 TI - Calicheamicin gamma 1I: an antitumor antibiotic that cleaves double-stranded DNA site specifically. AB - Calicheamicin gamma 1I is a recently discovered diyne-ene--containing antitumor antibiotic with considerable potency against murine tumors. In vitro, this drug interacts with double-helical DNA in the minor groove and causes site-specific double-stranded cleavage. It is proposed that the observed cleavage specificity is a result of a unique fit of the drug and DNA followed by the generation of a nondiffusible 1,4-dehydrobenzene--diradical species that initiates oxidative strand scission by hydrogen abstraction on the deoxyribose ring. The ability of calicheamicin gamma 1I to cause double-strand cuts at very low concentrations may account for its potent antitumor activity. PMID- 3240342 TI - [Usefulness of combined benzathine penicillin in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis]. PMID- 3240343 TI - [Chemotherapy during pregnancy. Study of the late effects in long-term survivors]. PMID- 3240345 TI - [Comparative study of oral rehydration solutions containing 90 or 60 millimoles of sodium per liter]. PMID- 3240344 TI - [Intrauterine malnutrition. II. L-tryptophan, tryptophan-5-hydroxylase and serotonin in the brain of rats]. PMID- 3240346 TI - [Homeorrhesis in menarche]. PMID- 3240347 TI - [Effect of surgical trauma on the concentration of ascorbic acid in plasma and leukocytes]. PMID- 3240348 TI - [Comparative analysis immediately after treatment and 2 years and 10 months after treatment by posterior-anterior traction of the maxilla in patients with cleft lip and palate using a facial mask]. PMID- 3240349 TI - [Dyskeratosis congenita with aplastic anemia]. PMID- 3240350 TI - [Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3240351 TI - [Past and present of oral rehydration in Mexico]. PMID- 3240352 TI - [Changes in the blood coagulation of infants with severe malnutrition]. PMID- 3240353 TI - [Reflections of an adolescent girl]. PMID- 3240354 TI - [Ferroproteinsuccinylate in iron deficiency in obstetric and gynecology]. PMID- 3240355 TI - [The efficacy and tolerability of ferroproteinsuccinylate in iron deficiency]. PMID- 3240357 TI - Molecular structure of L-lysyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine: a tripeptide found in histone H1. PMID- 3240356 TI - Structural and energetic parameters of Ca2+ binding to peptides and proteins. PMID- 3240358 TI - CD studies of double-stranded polydeoxynucleotides composed of repeating units of contiguous homopurine residues. PMID- 3240359 TI - Helix-coil transition of plasmid DNA by adiabatic differential scanning microcalorimetry. PMID- 3240360 TI - Conformational analysis and molecular dynamics simulations of maltose. PMID- 3240361 TI - Spectrophotometric and NMR analysis of the interaction of fluorinated mono- and bifunctional intercalators with DNA, poly(dA-dT), and poly(dG-dC). PMID- 3240362 TI - Structural and dynamic properties of the heme pocket in myoglobin probed by optical spectroscopy. PMID- 3240363 TI - Low-field transient electric birefringence of DNA in agarose gels. PMID- 3240364 TI - Discontinuing chemoimmunotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - We examined the results of discontinuing therapy in Japanese children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Of the 209 patients in chemoimmunotherapy study, 120 (57.4%) had all chemotherapy stopped after 3 years of complete remission, and 72 (34.4%) reached the point of discontinuing immunotherapy after 5 years of complete remission. Of the 120 children removed from chemotherapy, 14 (11.7%) have relapsed, mainly in the extramedullary sites (5 testis, 5 bone marrow, 3 central nervous system, 1 bone); relapses occurred 1-23 months after cessation of chemotherapy (median 11 months). Boys had a higher post-chemotherapy relapse rate than girls (0.21 vs. 0.08, P less than 0.05). None of the 72 children removed from immunotherapy have yet relapsed. Long-term remission and possibly cure can be expected in approximately one half of newly-diagnosed Japanese patients. Moreover, the active immunotherapy could be of benefit to elimination of bone marrow relapses after cessation of chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3240365 TI - Clinical significance of cross-linked fibrin degradation products in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. AB - Cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XDP) were measured with a highly sensitive and specific ELISA in 21 patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC) and in 16 controls. Patients had significantly increased levels of XDP, together with abnormalities in routine coagulation tests. Moreover, XDP were higher in patients with more severe disease. These results support the hypothesis that EMC patients have a chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and underline the significance of XDP measurement in the evaluation of these patients. PMID- 3240366 TI - [Estimation of fetal age from craniofacial dimensions]. AB - This work gives a method for age evaluation of unknown foetus by means of skull measurements. From known foeto-skeletal specimens, twelve craniofacial growth curves were traced. Equations of regression curves, correlation and determination coefficients were calculated. Foetal skull may provide foetal age by means of these regression curves, calculating a "mean age". Sixty nine foetal skulls tested our method. Results were discussed and compared with other methods of foetal age evaluation. PMID- 3240367 TI - [Fibrous structures of the wrist. II. Biomechanical study]. AB - Each fibrous structure of the wrist has been studied by elastometric methods. These lead to a classification superposable to the functional classification. They show up the big mechanical differences between to tendons and but to ligaments. The former are 3 to 5 times as solid, but 3 to times less extensible than the latter. These are divided into 3 groups the more fragile as much as they are stretchable. The aponeuroses have their place between tendons and ligaments, but their properties are very closer to the latter. PMID- 3240368 TI - [Fibrous structures of the wrist. III. Microscopic study. Rheologic consequences]. AB - Each fibrous structure of 10 wrists of fresh cadavers has been the subject of a study without preparation with the surgical microscope, then of an histological study. These have been compared with the elastometric study of the controlateral homologous structure. The diameter of the fascicles, the length and the amplitude of the undulations of the collagen fibers had shown particularly characteristic. The comparison between both series shows up the close relation between the mechanical properties and the architecture of the fascicles, which is also perfectly measurable. It shows up the big differences between ligaments and tendons. The histological study of the tendons and ligaments of 4 other wrists, submitted to manoeuvres of stretching, of rupture and of incurvation, reinforces these results. The therapeutic consequences are considered. PMID- 3240369 TI - Morphometric study of the orbit's base in male and female skulls of Spaniards. AB - A morphometric study of the width and the height of the orbit's base (ADITUS ORBITAE) has been made. This study has been carried out on 100 skulls (70 male and 30 female) belonging to an European (Spaniards Andalusians) population. We have also made an orbit's classification according to the orbitary index. Our results show that the orbitary index is higher in female than in male skulls. PMID- 3240370 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the distal convoluted tubule in the mouse embryo]. AB - This work constitutes a contribution to the ultrastructural study of the differentiation of the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule, which has been poorly investigated. The study was realised on mouse embryos B1 C57 (14th, 16th, 18th and 20th day of gestation), on newborn and one month old mice. On day-16 the distal convoluted tubule was evident in the form of a cellular mass; the lumen appeared on day-18. On day-20, completely differentiated epithelial cells were observed in some distal tubules; those cells showed cytoplasmic processes in the apical part, and basilar plasma membrane invaginations, containing mitochondria with numerous cristae. The results of this ultrastructural study confirmed that the differentiation of renal epithelium is progressive and indicates the installation of the renal function before birth. PMID- 3240371 TI - Femtomole analysis of diclofenac in human plasma by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry using (18O2) diclofenac as internal standard. AB - A stable isotope dilution gas chromatographic/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric assay for diclofenac in human plasma is described. The preparation of (18O2)diclofenac and its use as an internal standard for quantitative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is shown. A sample processing and derivatization sequence with product recovery of 84.7% was found. The method presented permits quantitative measurement of diclofenac in human plasma at the lower femtomole level. Plasma levels of diclofenac after administration of diclofenac gel were estimated. PMID- 3240372 TI - Quantitative measurement of clonidine in human plasma by combined gas chromatography/electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - A new quantitative and selective assay was developed for the measurement of low levels of clonidine in human plasma. The drug and the deuterated internal standard (2H4)clonidine are quantified by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry with methane as the reagent gas. After a three-step extraction procedure, the two compounds of interest are converted to their fluorinated derivatives using 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride. The mass spectrometer is focused to monitor abundant and stable characteristic high mass ions (m/z 673 and 709) which are generated in the ion source by a resonance electron capture process. This assay requires only 1 ml of plasma sample and the limit of detection of the method is 5 pg ml-1 with a relative standard deviation of less than 7%. PMID- 3240373 TI - Limits for the use of (18O)cholesterol and (18O)sitosterol in studies of cholesterol metabolism in humans. AB - The present study was undertaken in order to determine whether 18O-labeled sterols could be used in place of 14C-sterols in clinical studies of cholesterol metabolism. (3 beta-18OH)Cholesterol and (3 beta-18OH)sitosterol were simply and inexpensively synthesized and precisely and accurately quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 18O-Sterols added to fecal homogenate and saponified were completely recovered. However, in a series of validation studies in humans, the fecal recoveries of orally administered (18O)cholesterol and (18O)sitosterol were significantly lower than the recoveries of 14C-sterols given simultaneously. We found that the losses were largely limited to the coprostanol and ethylcoprostanol fecal metabolites. In vitro fecal incubations of 18O-sterols and unlabeled water or of unlabeled sterols with H2(18)O indicated that the losses occurred during fecal bacterial metabolism and were likely due to 3 beta oxygen exchange with the oxygen of water, possibly via a 3-ketosteroid intermediate. These data indicate that (18O)cholesterol and (18O)sitosterol are invalid tracers for the measurement of human cholesterol metabolism by methods based on fecal sterol recovery. PMID- 3240374 TI - A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method for the analysis of trifluoroacetic acid: application to the metabolism of halothane by in vitro preparations. AB - A selected ion monitoring gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for trifluoroacetic acid was developed for the study of the metabolism of the volatile anesthetic agent halothane by in vitro preparations. The assay uses a headspace sampling technique after formation of methyl esters with dimethyl sulfate and sulfuric acid. Pentafluoropropionic acid proved to be a suitable internal standard, although care is required in the preparation of the calibration standards so that they reflect the composition and treatment of the samples. Contamination of the samples, possibly with trifluoroacetic acid itself, was found to be the primary factor in limiting the sensitivity of the assay for the metabolism of halothane. Generally, trifluoroacetic acid could be determined at levels as low as 1 microM in 50-100 microliters of incubate. PMID- 3240375 TI - Selected ion monitoring analysis of NB-818, a new calcium entry blocker in a series of dihydropyridines, in human plasma. AB - NB-818 is expected in clinical use to produce an antihypertensive effect and simultaneously to promote an increase in cerebral blood flow, owing to its vasodilator activity. To determine NB-818 levels in human plasma for pharmacokinetic studies, a capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion monitoring (GC/MS/SIM) method was employed. Because NB 818 was degraded under GC conditions, stable derivatives had to be prepared for GC/MS measurements. Reaction of NB-818 with silylation agents produced derivatives quantitatively. In the silylation, however, the carbomoyl group of NB 818 was replaced by silyl moieties. NB-818 is possibly metabolized at the carbamate moiety alone, giving a compound with a hydroxymethyl group in place of the carbamoyloxymethyl group. Since this compound and NB-818 gave the same derivative, efforts were devoted to separating them. A detection limit below 0.1 ng ml-1 was attained. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range 0.1-10 ng ml-1 (r = 0.9998), and the coefficient of variation was 5.5% and 3.1% at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng ml-1, respectively. PMID- 3240376 TI - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry study of mixed haloacetic acids expected to be found in chlorinated drinking water. PMID- 3240377 TI - Biochemical and pharmacological screening of snake (Bothrops) venoms: characterization of components acting on blood coagulation and platelet aggregation. AB - Six venoms from snakes of the genus Bothrops were tested for coagulation, platelet aggregation and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. Almost all showed pro coagulant and PLA2 activities while pro-aggregating properties were found only for some venoms. Bothrops jararaca venom showed different protein peaks associated with these activities. The pro-aggregating activity was inhibited by EDTA, leupeptin and mepacrine while the PLA2 activity was blocked by p bromophenacyl bromide and 2-mercaptoethanol. Venom screening tests for clotting and platelet aggregation may represent a valuable tool for snake taxonomy and for monitoring the quality of antisera. PMID- 3240378 TI - Ventricular fibrillation in acute experimental myocardial ischemia: protection by magnesium sulfate. AB - 1. The efficacy of magnesium sulfate for prevention of ventricular fibrillation was compared with that of the calcium blocker verapamil and other antiarrhythmic drugs in 54 open-chested anesthetized dogs during a 3-h ligation of the circumflex coronary artery. Latency time to fibrillation, incidence of fibrillation and hemodynamic parameters were assessed. 2. Ventricular fibrillation occurred in 11 of 14 (79%) control dogs, in 2 of 8 (25%) dogs treated with magnesium sulfate (100 mg/kg) and in none of 8 animals treated with verapamil (0.2 mg/kg) (P = 0.014 and P = 0.0004, respectively, in comparison with controls); lidocaine (60 mg followed by 4 mg/min), amiodarone (5 mg/kg) and propafenone (4 mg/kg) had no effect on the incidence of fibrillation. 3. The latency time to fibrillation was 11.6 +/- 9.1 min in controls and it was shortened to 4.0 +/- 3.8 min (P = 0.039) in dogs treated with propafenone, but was unaffected by other drugs. 4. There was no correlation between pre-occlusion heart rate or blood pressure and fibrillation incidence. 5. In this experimental model, magnesium sulfate infusion had a protective effect against ventricular fibrillation that was similar to verapamil, suggesting that magnesium sulfate may be useful as an antifibrillatory agent during acute ischemia. PMID- 3240379 TI - Inflammatory edema induced by carrageenin in monosodium glutamate-treated rats. AB - Rats treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) during the neonatal period show hypothalamic lesions and multiple neuroendocrine alterations manifested as a remarkable increase in levels of circulating corticosterone and obesity. Paw edema induced by local injection of carrageenin was significantly reduced in MSG treated rats compared to normal rats. In contrast, both adrenalectomized rats and adrenalectomized, MSG-treated rats showed an increased response to carrageenin relative to controls. These results suggest that glucocorticoids are important modulators of inflammation in this phase of the process. PMID- 3240380 TI - Acute bromopride treatments: effects on general activity and inhibitory avoidance in rats. AB - Bromopride (BRO), a dopamine D2 blocker used in gastroenterology clinics, was tested acutely in rats for effects on general activity, measured in an open-field test, and on inhibitory avoidance behavior. Rats that received 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg BRO showed lower locomotion and rearing frequencies than controls, and 5.0 mg/kg BRO blocked the inhibitory avoidance response. The data suggest that BRO may have neuroleptic effects. PMID- 3240381 TI - Reactivity of macro- and microvessels of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats: role of the endothelial cell. AB - The responses to noradrenaline (NA) and acetylcholine (ACh) of aortae and microvessels were compared in control and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Macro- and microvessels from hypertensive rats showed an increased response to NA and a decreased response to ACh (an endothelium-dependent vasodilator). Unlike ACh, sodium nitroprusside (an endothelium-independent agent), was equally effective in evoking a vasodilator response from aortae and microvessels of hypertensive rats. These data suggest that the impaired response to ACh and the increased response to NA in DOCA-salt hypertension may result from an alteration of endothelial cell function. PMID- 3240382 TI - Effect of calcitonin on hepatic drug metabolism. AB - A single dose of calcitonin (150 mIU/100 g body weight, sc) produced a significant decrease in liver antipyrine hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase activities. By contrast, pentobarbital sleeping time was not altered by calcitonin treatment. The present results indicate that acute calcitonin administration depresses the metabolism of substrates of the mixed function oxidase system of rat liver. PMID- 3240383 TI - Adrenalectomy exacerbates paw edema without interfering with desensitization induced by PAF-acether in rats. AB - Subcutaneous injection of PAF-acether into the rat's paw leads to a local inflammatory response (edema) followed by desensitization after repeated injections of the substance. The desensitizing effect was not modified by previous adrenalectomy, whereas the inflammatory response observed after the first injection of PAF-acether was exacerbated. This finding suggests that adrenal hormones may act as modulators of PAF-induced inflammatory reactions. Because LY 171883, an LTD4 blocker, inhibited the edema which follows the first injection of PAF-acether, we suggest that leukotrienes may play an important role in the phenomenon. PMID- 3240384 TI - The effect of verapamil on potentiated rest contractions in the rat ventricular myocardium. AB - The effects of verapamil (0.3 to 30 microM) on potentiated rest contractions (PRC) were studied in isometric contractions of left ventricular papillary muscles of the rat. The post-rest potentiation was studied after rest periods of 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120 s. Verapamil reduced the steady-state force and PRC in a dose-dependent manner. However, PRC were less depressed and the magnitude of this depression decreased as the rest period increased. The time constant of the recovery of steady state force after rest potentiation was shortened. These results indicate that the first PRC are less dependent on calcium entering the cell through the slow channels and apparently more dependent on an intracellular calcium store. PMID- 3240385 TI - Respiratory mechanics in the aging rat. AB - 1. Mechanical behavior of the respiratory system and pulmonary histopathology were investigated in young (8 months) and old (18 months) adult Wistar rats. 2. Respiratory mechanics were studied under static conditions and during both relaxed and forced expiration. Morphological studies consisted of descriptive light microscopy analysis of intratracheally-fixed, paraffin-embedded pulmonary tissue. 3. Old animals exhibited morphological emphysema and chronic bronchitis, decreased respiratory system (2.40 vs 3.42 cm H2O/ml) and lung (1.32 vs 2.30 cm H2O/ml) elastances, forced vital capacity (13.00 vs 14.32 ml), forced expiratory mean flows between 50 and 75% (35.67 vs 60.50 ml/s) and 75 and 100% (6.67 vs 17.67 ml/s) of forced vital capacity, and an increased respiratory system time constant (0.114 vs 0.082 s) in relation to young rats. 4. These results indicate that old animals suffer from a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that resembles human pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 3240386 TI - Measurements of renal sympathetic nerve activity in conscious sinoaortic denervated rats. AB - The increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) produced in freely moving rats by sinoaortic denervation was analyzed both by counting the neural spikes and integrating the recorded electroneurogram. The percent increase was found to be greater when activity was calculated considering spike frequency (71%) rather than integrated voltage (54%). The different values obtained by the two methods suggests that after SAD, in addition to the increase in the nerve impulse frequency, there is an alteration in the pattern of nerve discharge. PMID- 3240387 TI - [Medical and hospital informatics in Europe: development and trends]. PMID- 3240388 TI - [The cytoskeleton and its pathology]. PMID- 3240389 TI - Motor vehicle injuries. PMID- 3240391 TI - Reducing pedestrian crashes among children. PMID- 3240390 TI - Driver education: the mix of science and ideology. PMID- 3240392 TI - Behavioral interventions. PMID- 3240393 TI - Problem delineation: automobile restraint systems. PMID- 3240394 TI - Restraint system design and crash response. PMID- 3240395 TI - The passive restraints approach. PMID- 3240396 TI - Seat belt laws: the United Kingdom experience. PMID- 3240397 TI - Seat belt use laws in the United States: trends and prospects. PMID- 3240399 TI - A preliminary assessment of change in motor vehicle traffic trauma incidence and outcome: Rhode Island, 1984-1985. PMID- 3240398 TI - Efficacy of the New York State seat belt law: preliminary assessment of occurrence and severity. PMID- 3240400 TI - The laws, referendum issues, and automotive restraints. PMID- 3240401 TI - Injury as an issue in violence. PMID- 3240402 TI - Motorcycle design and crash injuries in California, 1985. PMID- 3240403 TI - Who's right about all-terrain vehicles? PMID- 3240404 TI - Urban pedestrian safety. PMID- 3240405 TI - Injury risks posed by incompatibilities between trucks and other highway users. PMID- 3240406 TI - Trauma systems: an interdisciplinary approach to prevention, treatment, and education. PMID- 3240407 TI - Injury control and engineering education. PMID- 3240408 TI - Prevention of motor vehicle injuries in state and local health departments: the New York model. PMID- 3240409 TI - The issues in perspective. PMID- 3240410 TI - Hypertensive factor: calcium stimulatory activity obtained from different tissues and animal species. AB - It was recently shown that a peptide (hypertensive factor, HF) isolated from erythrocyte hemolysates from spontaneously hypertensive rats induced a prolonged elevation of blood pressure in normotensive rats. In addition, the peptide produced a marked stimulation of the in vitro uptake of lanthanum-resistant calcium by the aortae and enhanced the contractile response of aortic rings to constrictor agents. The present report describes findings of calcium stimulatory activity, enhancement of contractile function, or pressor activity in extracts of homogenates from several tissues of the rat and from erythrocyte hemolysates of several mammalian species. Significant stimulation of calcium uptake in aortic rings was obtained with preparations from rat brain, liver, and kidney. The activity per weight of tissue was similar for brain and kidney (approximately 2 units/g), while liver exhibited somewhat higher concentrations (4 units/g). The diffusate of cardiac tissue did not significantly alter in vitro calcium uptake by aortae. The injection of the cardiac and liver diffusates into normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats produced slight (10 Torr) (1 Torr = 133.3Pa) and moderate (25 Torr) elevations of blood pressure, respectively. Finally, a peptide purified from homogenates of rat brain by the protocol developed for the purification of HF from erythrocytes was shown to significantly enhance the contractile response of aortic rings to K+ and norepinephrine. Diffusates of erythrocytes from the rat, rabbit, dog, and guinea pig each caused a significant stimulation of calcium uptake and contained approximately the same level of activity (500 units/L of whole blood). Diffusates prepared from outdated human erythrocytes had no significant effect on calcium uptake, whereas those of freshly drawn samples exhibited high levels of activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3240411 TI - Biochemical characterization and osmolytes in papillary collecting ducts from pig and dog kidneys. AB - Papillary collecting duct tubules were prepared in gram quantities from the papillae of dog and pig kidneys. Measurements of substrate and oxygen utilizations by these tubules under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions showed the potential for both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Oxygen is not necessary to maintain a normal adenosine 5'-triphosphate concentration, but oxidative phosphorylation contributes to more than 65% of the metabolism under aerobic conditions in the two species. Both phosphorus-31 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra recorded from extracts of dog cortex, red medulla, and papilla showed a clear gradient from cortex to papilla for osmolytes, such as glycerophosphorylcholine, sorbitol, inositol, betaine, and sugar phosphates. Other molecules identified in the spectra included glucose, sorbitol, mannitol, lactate, glutamine, alanine, threonine, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate. Conventional biochemical measurements supported these findings. An increase in osmolality from 300 to 600 mosmol/kg H2O for 120 min did not increase the glycerophosphorylcholine and sorbitol concentrations of dog papillary collecting ducts in vitro, but a small effect of a 24-h dehydration was detected in vivo. PMID- 3240412 TI - Energy balance and facultative diet-induced thermogenesis in mice fed a high-fat diet. AB - The present study was aimed at studying energy balance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Albino mice were divided into three groups. One group had free access to the stock diet, whereas the two other groups consumed a high-fat diet. One of the high-fat fed groups was fed ad libitum, whereas the other was offered a restricted amount of the same diet so that its energy intake was comparable to the group of mice given the stock diet. Energy balance measurements, which included indirect calorimetry and carcass analysis, were performed. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) properties were also investigated. The results show that gains in both body weight and fat were higher in mice that had free access to high-fat diet than in mice fed the stock diet. In animals given a restricted amount of the high-fat diet, fat gain increased, whereas protein gain was reduced in comparison with animals fed the stock diet. Unrestricted access to the high-fat diet led to an increase in both energy intake and energy gain. As revealed by both slaughter and indirect calorimetry techniques energy expenditure was, in high-fat fed mice, 40% higher than in animals fed either stock or a restricted amount of high-fat diet. Nadolol was shown to suppress a large part of the elevated metabolic rate seen in mice fed an unrestricted high-fat diet. In those mice, BAT mitochondrial GDP binding was also increased. In summary, the present results confirm that adaptive diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) develops in mice made hyperphagic by an energy-dense palatable diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3240413 TI - Determinants of biliary secretory pressure: the effects of two different bile acids. AB - Biliary secretory pressure represents the force generated to deliver bile through the biliary system. Bile acid-induced toxicity may decrease canalicular bile formation and (or) induce back diffusion causing cholestasis. To determine if biliary secretory pressure is a sensitive indicator of bile toxicity, taurocholate was compared with a less cytotoxic bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholate. In fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats, the common bile duct was cannulated and the endogenous bile salt pool was removed by enteroclysis. Taurocholate (n = 35) or tauroursodeoxycholate (n = 35) in saline was infused for 1 h. Maximal biliary secretory pressure was then measured by attaching the biliary cannula to a column monometer and recording the maximum height to which bile rose. With taurocholate administration, bile flow and bile salt secretion linearly rose to a maximum infusion of 0.5 mumol/(min.g liver), above which hemolysis and death occurred. In contrast, tauroursodeoxycholate could be infused at higher rates with bile salt secretion plateauing at 1.25 mumol/(min.g liver] Both had similar choleretic potencies. Mean biliary secretory pressure at low (less than 0.15 mumol/(min.g liver] infusions was lower with taurocholate (22.5 cm bile) than tauroursodeoxycholate (25.2 cm). Further, increasing the taurocholate infusion decreased the biliary secretory pressure; yet for taurousodeoxycholate, pressure remained unchanged even at higher infusions. Thus, taurocholate but not tauroursodeoxycholate decreases biliary secretory pressure at high infusion rates, likely a reflection of its toxicity to the hepatobiliary epithelium. PMID- 3240415 TI - Cosmetic dermatology. PMID- 3240414 TI - Sheep testicular gonadotropin binding sites: characterization and changes with surgical shortening of the scrotum. AB - Gonadotropin receptors in previously frozen (-70 degrees C) sheep testicular tissue were characterized, and methods of assessment of receptor binding activity were established and applied to an investigation of testicular function in the short scrotum ram. Binding of 125I-labelled ovine luteinizing hormone (125I-oLH) and 125I-labelled ovine follicle-stimulating hormone (125I-oFSH) to testicular membranes was highly specific and saturable. Uptake of labelled gonadotropins was proportional to the amount of membrane protein, with 125I-oFSH showing greater specific binding. Initial association of 125I-oLH with binding sites was comparable at 4, 25, and 34 degrees C; with prolonged incubation, maximal binding occurred at 4 degrees C. Equilibrium was achieved in 8 h at 34 degrees C and in 16 h at 25 and 4 degrees C. In contrast, the temperature-dependent association of LH with rat testicular membranes was greater at 25 than at 4 degrees C. The rate of association of 125I-oFSH to binding sites was proportional to incubation temperature, with equilibrium being achieved in 2 h at 34 degrees C and in 16 h at 25 degrees C; binding at 4 degrees C; was slow and still increasing by 48 h. Binding of radioactive and nonradioactive oLH and oFSH was hormone specific and increased in a dose-dependent manner until saturation occurred. Shortening the scrotum of adult rams led to reductions (p less than 0.05) in testicular weight (60%) and in the number of LH (55%) and FSH (90%) binding sites per testis, with no apparent change in serum testosterone concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3240416 TI - Objective evaluation of methods used to treat cutaneous wrinkles. PMID- 3240417 TI - Definition of cosmetology, cosmetics, and other pertinent terms. PMID- 3240418 TI - Coloring and corrective make-up preparations. PMID- 3240419 TI - Shampoos and hair conditioners. PMID- 3240420 TI - Hair coloring. PMID- 3240421 TI - Normal roentgen variants of the foot and ankle that may simulate disease. AB - Normal variation may lead to erroneous misinterpretation as pathology. This article describes and illustrates a variety of normal anatomic variations that may simulate disease. Many of these closely simulate pathologic states. PMID- 3240422 TI - High dose tobramycin therapy and nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3240423 TI - Observations on the cystic arteries in 100 cadavers. PMID- 3240424 TI - Tobacco use in a rural community in Sri Lanka. PMID- 3240426 TI - Problem drinkers and alcohol dependence. PMID- 3240425 TI - Basic drug information to patients attending medical clinics of a teaching hospital. PMID- 3240427 TI - Leiomyoma of the duodenum presenting with haemorrhage after aspirin ingestion. PMID- 3240428 TI - S.C. Paul memorial lecture, 1986. Seventeen years of respiratory care, highlighting some modifications. PMID- 3240430 TI - Poisoning in Sri Lanka. PMID- 3240429 TI - Medicine and music. PMID- 3240431 TI - Sir Nicholas Attygalle Memorial Oration, 1987. Endoscopic evaluation of disease of the upper gastro intestinal tract--Sri Lankan experience. PMID- 3240432 TI - Circatrigintan rhythm of prolactin. PMID- 3240433 TI - Cholesterol content of high density lipoprotein subfractions as an indicator of risk of coronary heart disease. PMID- 3240434 TI - The immunisation of children admitted to a paediatric unit. PMID- 3240435 TI - Rett syndrome in Sri Lanka. PMID- 3240436 TI - A new method for preparing D-penicillamine. Reaction of benzylpenicilloic acid alpha-amides with arylamines. PMID- 3240437 TI - Amino acids and peptides. XX. Inhibition of papain by succinyl-Gln-Val-Val-Ala Ala-p-nitroanilide, a common sequence of endogenous thiol proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 3240438 TI - Synthesis and antifungal properties of some N,N'-bis-azolylarylmethanes. PMID- 3240440 TI - Studies on antirheumatic agents: 3-benzoylpropionic acid derivatives. PMID- 3240439 TI - Sparsomycin analogs. IV. Synthesis and antitumor activity of pyrimidine-5 carboxamides and (E)-beta-(pyrimidin-5-yl)acrylamides. PMID- 3240441 TI - Studies on the metabolism of gomisin A (TJN-101). I. Oxidative products of gomisin A formed by rat liver S9 mix. PMID- 3240442 TI - Studies on pharmacologically active principles from Indonesian crude drugs. I. Principle prolonging pentobarbital-induced sleeping time from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. PMID- 3240443 TI - Studies on pharmacologically active principles from Indonesian crude drugs. II. Hypothermic principle from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. PMID- 3240444 TI - Studies on chemical constituents of antitumor fraction from Periploca sepium. IV. Structures of new pregnane glycosides, periplocosides D, E, L, and M. PMID- 3240446 TI - Studies of copper-binding behavior of copper-free and apo-superoxide dismutase by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3240445 TI - Two new flavonoids and other constituents in licorice root: their relative astringency and radical scavenging effects. PMID- 3240447 TI - Kinetic parameters of lysophospholipid acyltransferase systems in diet-induced modifications of platelet phospholipid acyl chains. PMID- 3240448 TI - Evaluation of the rheological properties of various kinds of carboxyvinylpolymer gels. PMID- 3240449 TI - KY-109, a new bifunctional prodrug of cephalosporin. II. Mechanism of oral absorption. PMID- 3240450 TI - Biopharmaceutical evaluation of sustained-release ethylcellulose microcapsules containing cefadroxil and cephradine using beagle dogs. PMID- 3240452 TI - Degradation of 4'-methylumbelliferyl 4-guanidinobenzoate catalyzed by human serum albumin. PMID- 3240451 TI - Influence of fatty acid-alcohol esters on percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone butyrate propionate. PMID- 3240453 TI - Some properties and the inclusion behavior of branched cyclodextrins. PMID- 3240454 TI - The properties of solid dispersions of indomethacin, ketoprofen and flurbiprofen in phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 3240455 TI - Spray drying of griseofulvin solution forming its solvate. PMID- 3240456 TI - Formation of mutagens by photochemical reaction of 2-naphthol in aqueous nitrite solution. PMID- 3240457 TI - Studies on Persicae semen. IV. Separation and characterization of globulin polypeptides from Persicae semen. PMID- 3240458 TI - A total synthesis of grifolin. PMID- 3240459 TI - Studies on positive inotropic agents. V. Synthesis of 1-heteroaroylpiperazine derivatives. PMID- 3240460 TI - Mutagenic principles in Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma. II. The mutagenicity of liriodenine in the basic fraction of the methanol extract. PMID- 3240461 TI - An unstable epoxy intermediate formed by the microsomal oxidation of 4 nitrophenyl vinyl ether. PMID- 3240462 TI - Anti-human immunodeficiency virus phenolics from licorice. PMID- 3240463 TI - Synthesis of 26,27-dialkyl analogues of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 3240464 TI - Syntheses of cyclic hydroxamic acid derivatives, and their chelating abilities and biological activities. PMID- 3240465 TI - The constituents of Lactarius flavidulus Imai. PMID- 3240466 TI - Agents acting on the central nervous system. Synthesis of 3-phenyl-2-piperazinyl 1-benzazocines, 3-substituted-2-piperazinyl-1-benzazepines and related compounds. PMID- 3240467 TI - Studies on positive inotropic agents. VI. Synthesis of 1-aromatic ring substituted 4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)piperazine derivatives. PMID- 3240468 TI - Sesquiterpene lactones from Cichorium endivia L. and C. intybus L. and cytotoxic activity. PMID- 3240469 TI - Studies on the sesquiterpenoids of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. II. Isolation and structure determination of ginsenol, a novel sesquiterpene alcohol. PMID- 3240470 TI - Studies on crude drugs effective on visceral larva migrans. IV. Isolation and identification of larvicidal principles in pepper. PMID- 3240471 TI - Participation of lipid peroxides in rat pertussis vaccine pleurisy. II. Leucocytes and related enzymes. PMID- 3240472 TI - Difference between supercoiled and linear deoxyribonucleic acids in preinitiation complex formation for accurate transcription in vitro. PMID- 3240473 TI - Glutathione peroxidase activity of glutathione S-transferase in rabbit liver. PMID- 3240474 TI - The effect of particle size on the compaction properties and compaction mechanism of sulfadimethoxine and sulfaphenazole. PMID- 3240475 TI - Effect of experimental acute renal failure on barriers to permeation of a polar drug in rat jejunum: an electrophysiological analysis. PMID- 3240476 TI - Intestinal absorption of N,N'-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy) phenylacetate methanesulfonate in rats. PMID- 3240477 TI - Complexation of aspirin with potato starch and improvement of dissolution rate by dry mixing. PMID- 3240478 TI - Mechanism of tumor transport of 99mTc-DL-homocysteine, a possible tumor-imaging agent. PMID- 3240479 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of reversible hydrolysis of 11b methylbenzodiazepinooxazoles. PMID- 3240481 TI - Studies on poisonous metals. XIX. Comparative effects of chelating agents on distribution and excretion of inorganic mercury in rats. PMID- 3240480 TI - Effects of repeated administration of deer antler extract on biochemical changes related to aging in senescence-accelerated mice. PMID- 3240482 TI - Synthesis of saframycins. II. Preparations and reactions of N-methyl-2,5 piperazinediones. PMID- 3240483 TI - Study on hypoglycemic effects of muscles of pig (Sus scrofa), chicken (Gallus domesticus) and mackerel (Scomber japonicus). PMID- 3240484 TI - Estimation of blood concentration of drugs after topical application from in vitro skin permeation data. II. Approach by using diffusion model and compartment model. PMID- 3240485 TI - Basic studies on controlled transdermal delivery of nicardipine hydrochloride using ethylene-vinyl acetate and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer membranes. PMID- 3240486 TI - Studies on vasoactive heterocyclic compounds. Preparation and evaluation of the hypotensive and antiaggregating activities of phthalazinol nitrates. PMID- 3240487 TI - Synthetic nucleosides and nucleotides. XXVIII. Synthesis of 5-alkylcytidines from 5-alkylbarbituric acids. PMID- 3240488 TI - Synthesis of [13C]phenacetin and its application to the breath test for the diagnosis of liver disease. PMID- 3240489 TI - Diterpenes from rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium. PMID- 3240490 TI - Studies on crude drugs effective on visceral larva migrans. V. The larvicidal principle in mace (aril of Myristica fragrans). PMID- 3240491 TI - Chemical studies on Chinese traditional medicine, dangshen. I. Isolation of (Z)-3 and (E)-2-hexenyl beta-D-glucosides. PMID- 3240492 TI - Participation of lipid peroxidation in rat pertussis vaccine pleurisy. I. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactant and ceruloplasmin. PMID- 3240493 TI - Interactions of cadmium with yeast mannans. PMID- 3240494 TI - The effect of crystal hardness on compaction propensity. PMID- 3240495 TI - Enhancement of small intestinal absorption of N,N'-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4-(4 guanidinobenzoyloxy) phenylacetate methanesulfonate (FOY305) in rats. PMID- 3240496 TI - A thermodynamic study of albumin adsorption onto some solid surfaces. PMID- 3240497 TI - Glycation of H1-histone. PMID- 3240498 TI - Synthesis of peptide fragments of neuropeptide Y: potent inhibitors of calmodulin stimulated phosphodiesterase. PMID- 3240499 TI - Facile synthesis of zymosterol and related compounds. PMID- 3240500 TI - Interaction of theophylline with L-tryptophan. Study by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 3240501 TI - Large delta H not equal to and delta S not equal to values obtained in hydrolysis of alpha-chymotrypsin or catalase with alpha-chymotrypsin. PMID- 3240502 TI - Structural characterization of pichilan, a beta-D-glucan immunostimulant from Pichia fermentans. PMID- 3240503 TI - Simple peptides. III. Syntheses and properties of taurine-oligopeptides containing an acidic alpha-amino acid. PMID- 3240504 TI - Synthesis of fluorine analogues of vitamin E. II. Synthesis of 2-(3-chloropropyl) 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-6-chromanol and its application for stereocontrolled Wittig reaction with trifluoromethyl ketones. PMID- 3240505 TI - Thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitors. I. Syntheses and activities of various N heteroaromatic derivatives. PMID- 3240507 TI - Quantitative determination of nifedipine and its metabolite in hamster plasma by radio-gas chromatography. PMID- 3240506 TI - Synthesis of C-2 catecholic equilin and equilenin derivatives for use in metabolic studies. PMID- 3240508 TI - An automated analysis system of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)-endotoxin reaction kinetics using turbidimetric kinetic assay. PMID- 3240509 TI - Two distinct low-molecular-weight acid phosphatases from rat liver. PMID- 3240510 TI - Inhibition of copper-containing amine oxidase by oximes. PMID- 3240511 TI - Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for ribonuclease inhibitor from rat liver. PMID- 3240512 TI - Metabolism of paeoniflorin and related compounds by human intestinal bacteria. IV. Formation and structures of adducts of a metabolic intermediate with sulfhydryl compounds by Lactobacillus brevis. PMID- 3240513 TI - Metabolism of 32-hydroxylated 24,25-dihydrolanosterols by partially purified cytochrome P-450(14)DM from rat liver microsomes. PMID- 3240514 TI - Coating of pharmaceutical powders by fluidized bed process. III. Aqueous coating with ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer and the dissolution properties of the products. PMID- 3240515 TI - Analysis of polyethylene glycol modified superoxide dismutase by chromatographic, electrophoretic, light scattering, chemical and enzymatic methods. PMID- 3240516 TI - Measurement of the fractional ratio of demethylation of imipramine in rat by using a co-administration technique. PMID- 3240517 TI - Dose-dependent salivary excretion following bolus intravenous administration of lithium in dog. PMID- 3240518 TI - Synthesis of tripeptide amide derivatives and examination of their inhibitory effect on human leukocyte elastase (HLE). PMID- 3240519 TI - Isolation of ovulatory-active substances from crops of Job's tears (Coix lacryma jobi L. var. ma-yuen STAPF.). PMID- 3240520 TI - Isolation of dillapiol from a chemotype of Perilla frutescens as an active principle for prolonging hexobarbital-induced sleep. PMID- 3240521 TI - Liquid chromatographic assay of plasma hemoglobin based on oxidative quenching of serotonin by pseudoperoxidase effect of hemoglobin. PMID- 3240522 TI - Nerve growth factor of Horsfield's shrew, Crocidura horsfieldi. PMID- 3240523 TI - Characterization of a lipophilic prodrug of 5-fluorouracil with a cholesterol promoiety and its application to liposomes. PMID- 3240524 TI - Interaction in tissue distribution between methylphenidate and pemoline. I. Tissue distribution of methylphenidate and its metabolite in the rat. PMID- 3240525 TI - Selective transport of the salts of amino acid esters through an organic liquid membrane with antamanide as a carrier. PMID- 3240526 TI - Selective transport of amines mediated by macrocycles containing L-amino acids through a liquid membrane. PMID- 3240528 TI - Trans-4-methylcyclohexylamine, a potent new inhibitor of spermidine synthase. PMID- 3240527 TI - Improved antifungal effect of thiabendazole against Penicillium digitatum by its application to post-harvest citrus fruit in combination with carbohydrate esters of fatty acids. PMID- 3240529 TI - Study on conformations--biological activities relationships for podophyllotoxin analogues based on crystal structure of deoxypodophyllotoxin (anthricin). PMID- 3240530 TI - Preparation of [3 alpha-3H]3 beta-hydroxy-18 beta- and 3 alpha-hydroxy-18(beta and alpha)-glycyrrhetic acid and radioimmunoassay of glycyrrhetic acid. PMID- 3240531 TI - Studies on peptides. CLIX. Preparation of a protected 33-residue peptide for the synthesis of human cholecystokinin (hCCK-33). PMID- 3240532 TI - Studies on peptides. CLX. Synthesis of a 33-residue peptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of human cholecystokinin (hCCK-33). PMID- 3240533 TI - Retinoids and related compounds. XI. Synthesis and stereochemistry of (+/-)-C22 acetylenic and allenic apocarotenals. PMID- 3240534 TI - Highly diastereoselective synthesis of (3R,4R)- and (3R,4S)-beta, gamma-diamino acids from D-phenylalanine. PMID- 3240535 TI - Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin derivatives. I. 2-substituted-5(and 6) sulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxins. PMID- 3240536 TI - Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin derivatives. II. 5(or 6)-acyl 2,3 dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin derivatives: new phenoxyacetic acid diuretics. PMID- 3240537 TI - Synthesis of N-acyl-gamma-D-glutamyl peptide derivatives containing a C-terminal small fragment of cholecystokinin and their effects on gastric secretion. PMID- 3240538 TI - Synthesis of Pt(II) complexes containing D-glucuronate, D-gluconate, or their acetyl derivatives and evaluation of antitumor activity against murine leukemia L1210. PMID- 3240539 TI - Synthesis and antiulcer activity of (isochroman-1-yl)alkylamines. II. PMID- 3240540 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. III. Synthesis of the metabolites of 10,11 dihydro-8, alpha-dimethyl-11-oxodibenz-[b,f]oxepin-2-acetic acid (bermoprofen). PMID- 3240541 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of acidic saponins of ginseng and related plants. PMID- 3240542 TI - Antioxidant and antimicrobial constituents of licorice: isolation and structure elucidation of a new benzofuran derivative. PMID- 3240543 TI - Steroidal saponins from elephant garlic, bulbs of Allium ampeloprasum L. PMID- 3240544 TI - Analysis of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin and metabolites in plasma and urine. PMID- 3240545 TI - Preparation and antigenic properties of 2-hydroxyestrone-[C-15]-bovine serum albumin conjugate. PMID- 3240546 TI - Fluorometric studies on the role of calcium in substrate binding to 3 ketovalidoxylamine A C-N lyase. PMID- 3240547 TI - Studies on Fe complexes produced by yeast. III. Characteristics of Fe absorption from an Fe(II)-oligosaccharide complex in the rat gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3240548 TI - Liposomal sustained-release delivery systems for intravenous injection. IV. Antitumor activity of newly synthesized lipophilic 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine prodrug-bearing liposomes. PMID- 3240549 TI - Identification of fatty acid conjugates of plaunotol, a new anti-ulcer agent, formed in rat liver homogenate system. PMID- 3240550 TI - Structure-activity relationship of a new series of tricyclic monoamine oxidase inhibitors of pentanthrene type. PMID- 3240551 TI - Studies on an antitumor polysaccharide RBS derived from rice bran. II. Preparation and general properties of RON, an active fraction of RBS. PMID- 3240552 TI - Amino acids and peptides. XXI. Synthesis of N-terminal heptapeptide of mammalian metallothionein (MT) and evaluation of its immunoreactivity. PMID- 3240553 TI - Synthetic studies on 1-carbacephem antibiotics: new synthetic approach to 3H carbacephems. PMID- 3240554 TI - Enzyme sensors based on a coated-wire electrode. Effects of buffer concentration and pH on the potentiometric response of penicillin sensor. PMID- 3240555 TI - Stimulation by sulfated glycans of proteolysis of lysozyme by chymotrypsin. PMID- 3240556 TI - Glucose release from isolated, perfused liver of alloxan-diabetic rats. PMID- 3240557 TI - Effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on transport of cefmetazole and diclofenac from thigh muscle tissue and from intestinal connective tissue into blood circulation in rats. PMID- 3240558 TI - Study on slow-release of indomethacin from suppositories containing hydrogenated soybean lecithin. PMID- 3240559 TI - Influence of the structure of the sugar moiety on the cytotoxic and antiviral properties of sugar electrophiles. PMID- 3240560 TI - Effect of ethanol on dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine large unilamellar vesicles investigated by quasi-elastic light scattering and vibrational spectroscopy. AB - The gel-like liquid phase transition of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) large unilamellar vesicles prepared by reverse phase evaporation has been investigated in buffers containing ethanol by quasi-elastic light scattering (QLS) and vibrational (infrared and Raman) spectroscopy. With the QLS technique, the relative change in the vesicles area (which is related to the molecular cross sectional area of lipid molecules) was followed versus both temperature and ethanol concentration. When the latter was low, the depression of the transition point was a linear function of the alcohol concentration, c, but the vesicles area was practically unmodified. At alcohol concentration 10% v/v, an abrupt change of the vesicles area was observed and for c greater than 10% the depression of the transition point was a non-linear function of c. The infrared and Raman spectra showed a perturbation of the hydrophobic regions, including the terminal methyl groups of the acyl tails. PMID- 3240561 TI - Modified lipid-protein interactions in Tangier beta lipoprotein (LDL2) demonstrated by fluorescence quenching. AB - Fluorescence quenching by iodide ions has been found to be higher in isolated Tangier low density lipoprotein (LDL2) than in isolated normal LDL2. Apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 is the main protein component of these lipoproteins and its tryptophanyl residues (Trp) are known to be the most hydrophobic and to be responsible for protein fluorescence. Trp exposure can thus be calculated; it was 0.50 in Tangier and 0.42 and 0.41 in insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD) and normal controls, respectively. The greater fluorescence quenching of Tangier LDL2 reveals a shallower embedding of Trp which is principally due to a lowered free cholesterol (FC) level in the shell and a smaller lipid core, itself dependent on a drop in cholesterol esters (CE). This is in accordance with the electrophoretic properties of Tangier LDL2 and suggests that Tangier LDL2 may be considered to be modified. PMID- 3240563 TI - Direct measurement of headgroup hydration of polar lipids in inverted micelles. AB - The maximum hydration level, i.e. maximum number of water molecules bound per lipid molecule, has been measured for some common phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol. Maximum hydration level has been measured using a two-phase, hexane/water, partitioning technique using 3H-labelled water. This technique is rapid and provides an easy method for direct measurement of water binding. It is observed from these studies that there are two classes of lipids, one which binds more than 20 water molecules per lipid headgroup and the other which binds less than 20 water molecules. There appears to be a correlation between the number of water molecules a lipid binds to the phase preference of that lipid. The data suggest that the lipids, like phosphatidylcholine, which favours the lamellar phase bind far greater number of water molecules as compared to those, like phosphatidylethanolamine, which favour the hexagonal phase. PMID- 3240562 TI - Isolation and structural characterization of a new non-phosphorylated lipoamino acid from Mycobacterium phlei. AB - A new non-phosphorylated lipoamino acid was extracted from Mycobacterium phlei, strain IST. It is particularly sensitive to alkaline hydrolysis, and contains a lysine residue joined to a 1,2-diglyceride via an ester linkage. The FAB-positive mass spectrum shows the presence of various molecular species of which the most abundant contains a palmitic and a tuberculostearic acid residue. An analogue of this lipid was synthesized, 1,2-dipalmitoyl 3-lysyl glycerol. Both its chromatographic behavior (TLC), and the decomposition pathways of the MH+ ions, studied by FAB MS and MIKE spectroscopy, were identical to the natural product. PMID- 3240564 TI - Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance study of the interaction of branched chain compounds (phytanic acid, phytol) with a phospholipid model membrane. AB - Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2H-NMR) spectra have been determined for 50 wt% aqueous dispersions of 1-palmitoyl(stearoyl)-2-[2H31]palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocho lin e (PC-d31) containing 20 mol% of the isoprenoid compounds phytol or phytanic acid over the temperature range -5-55 degrees C. Concentration effects of the isoprenoid compounds are also reported. First moments (M1) and order parameters were calculated from the spectra. 20 Mol% of either branched chain compound causes an approximate 9% increase in the mean order parameter SCD. Significant effects are seen on the PC-d31 phase behavior. 20 Mol% of either branched chain compound causes the gel to liquid crystalline onset temperature (Ts) to drop to 28 degrees C from 38 degrees C for PC-d31 alone, as seen from the temperature dependent M1 values. The melting range ([Tl--Ts]) is congruent to 1.5 degrees C for PC-d31 and congruent to 11 degrees C for PC-d31 containing 20 mol% of the branched chain compounds. This is in direct contrast to their straight chain analogues, hexadecanol and palmitic acid, which have been shown to elevate the phase transition temperature. The isoprenoid compounds cause significant disruption of the gel phase, forcing nearest neighbor phospholipid chains apart. Transverse relaxation times (T2e, the time constant for decay of the quandrupolar echo) have been determined over the temperature range -5-50 degrees C. Possible explanation for the effect of the isoprenoid compounds on the dynamic structure of phospholipids in the bilayer are proffered. PMID- 3240566 TI - [The aerobic intestinal flora of the microchiropteran bat Chaerephon pumila in Madagascar]. AB - From stools of 88 malagasy insect eater bats Chaerephon pumila, a large amount of bacterial strains were isolated. Twenty different species were recognized, most of them belonged to Enterobacteriaceae family. Eight strains were identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica O48: -; 1.5, despite many atypical characters. Strains of Salmonella enteritidis, Koserella trabulsii, Kluyvera sp., ODC negative Serratia marcescens, atypical Hafnia alvei... were also identified. PMID- 3240565 TI - Assay of cardiolipin peroxidation by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Commercial preparations of bovine cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) in chloroform solution contain substantial amounts of oxidation products. These oxidized derivatives, characterized by the presence of varying amounts of hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes, can be separated from unoxidized cardiolipin by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using UV detection. When purified cardiolipin is subjected to autoxidation in aqueous media, oxidation products of similar HPLC properties are produced. Storage of cardiolipin in chloroform induces both autoxidation and hydrolysis whereas storage in ethanol and other solvents does not. It is recommended not to use chloroform for the long-term storage of cardiolipin. PMID- 3240567 TI - [Leprosy in the French Polynesian archipelagoes from 1967 to 1987]. AB - Between 1967 and 1987, 255 new cases of leprosy were detected in French Polynesia (FP) that means on average a 8.6% detection rate. Average detection rate calculated in 7 three-year periods did not vary significantly during the 21 years studied period of time. In two remote archipelagoes of FP average detection rate of leprosy is specially high: Gambier archipelago and Southern Marquesas archipelago with respectively a 54.7 and a 48.9% detection rate. To control leprosy, the network of treatment and active case-finding should be strengthened in archipelagoes and chemoprophylaxis programmes could be planned in places where the problem is especially important. PMID- 3240568 TI - [A clinical and serologic survey of bejel in north Burkina Faso]. AB - A clinical and serological survey of endemic syphilis was carried out during March 1986 in a sahelian area of North Burkina Faso. Differences were found in the prevalence rate of clinical lesions and serological positivities between the children of different ethnic groups. For all the survey, 7.5% of the 5-14 years old children had clinical lesions and 22% had antibodies against Treponema. These rates were 3% and 41% among the adults. The results of this survey were strikingly near of those of a survey carried out 5 years before in the same area. Endemic syphilis appeared highly stable. PMID- 3240569 TI - [Control of malaria using mosquito nets impregnated with pyrethroids in Burkina Faso]. AB - An experimental trial of malaria control was carried out in the village of Karangasso in the south-west Burkina Faso. It was based on the use by the whole population of deltamethrin impregnated bed nets at 25 mg/m2. During the first year pretreatment data on entomology, parasitology and pathological incidence of malaria were collected in the whole village. During the second year a quarter of the village with a population of 1,200 was chosen for the experiment and impregnated bed nets were given to everybody while the other quarter of the same population size was kept as a control area. Malaria transmission was reduced by 82% due to the decrease of both vector populations and sporozoitic indexes. It should be pointed out that this reduction in transmission was evaluated on non protected catchers and consequently was underestimated for the villagers sleeping under nets. Parasitic index remained about the same but the mean parasitic load decreased significantly. Pathological incidence, based on the number of clinical malaria cases confirmed by blood examination, decreased by 59%. This trial shows that mass use of deltamethrin impregnated bed nets should be considered as a valuable tool for malaria control. The purchase of bed net is expensive but could be reduced sharply. The cost of the impregnation is very low regarding the residual effect which remains one year. The acceptance by the population was good. PMID- 3240571 TI - [Bioresistance (drug resistance-antibiotic resistance-sulfone resistance), a general phenomenon of great importance]. PMID- 3240570 TI - [Cerebral cysticercosis: imaging, serology, treatment and evolution. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The authors present two cases of neurocysticercosis diagnosed both by serology and medical imaging (computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging). The first patient had a mixed form with localization of the parasites in the different anatomic parts. He developed suddenly a severe encephalitis which growth has been quickly fatal in spite of a prompt praziquantel and corticosteroids treatment. The second patient had a parenchymal form, and the same treatment was very effective. PMID- 3240572 TI - [Surgical treatment of subcorrection after radial keratotomy. Value of Franks' operation. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3240573 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the orbit in children]. PMID- 3240575 TI - [A study protocol of Schmidt's implant]. PMID- 3240574 TI - [Cryotherapy of Mooren's ulcer]. PMID- 3240576 TI - [Combined extracapsular trabeculectomy and implant of the posterior chamber]. PMID- 3240577 TI - [Non-regressive monocular blindness after blepharoplasty. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3240578 TI - [Antenatal herpes: microphthalmos and retinitis]. PMID- 3240579 TI - [Chromatic discrimination in diabetics after treatment by photocoagulation]. PMID- 3240580 TI - [Contribution of the scanner in the diagnosis of deep drusen of the papilla]. PMID- 3240581 TI - [A dural fistula of the lateral sinus and papillary edema. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3240582 TI - [Leber's congenital amaurosis and hypermetropia]. PMID- 3240583 TI - [Difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment of sequelae of orbital roof fractures: apropos of a case]. PMID- 3240585 TI - [Basal cell nevomatosis]. PMID- 3240584 TI - [Post-traumatic oculomotor sequelae of orbital roof and floor fractures: apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 3240586 TI - [Reflections apropos of 100 cases of radial keratotomy]. PMID- 3240587 TI - [A medium-term study of endothelio-descemet using specular microscopy. Apropos of 66 surgical and medical cases]. PMID- 3240588 TI - [150 implants of the posterior chamber: incidents and complications, results]. PMID- 3240589 TI - [Comparative retinal angiographic study after implantation of the posterior and anterior chamber]. PMID- 3240590 TI - [Glaucoma cataract (personal technic)]. PMID- 3240591 TI - [Current role of angiocyclodiathermy in the surgical treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 3240592 TI - [Morphoscopic acuity]. PMID- 3240593 TI - [Functional amblyopia. Study at a military selection center]. PMID- 3240594 TI - [A microcomputer and the operative plan in strabismus: update on the Macintosh]. PMID- 3240595 TI - [Cyclosporin and treatment of non-infectious and recurrent uveitis (apropos of a case of bilateral uveopapillitis)]. PMID- 3240596 TI - [Tapetoretinal degeneration: apropos of a case associated with bilateral optic neuritis]. PMID- 3240597 TI - [Treatment by acupuncture of central serous chorioretinopathy]. PMID- 3240598 TI - [Value of sulfur hexafluoride gas in the first surgical treatment of retinal detachment without associated vitrectomy]. PMID- 3240599 TI - [The original extraction technic in intraocular foreign body]. PMID- 3240600 TI - Betaine metabolism in human neonates and developing rats. AB - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to demonstrate the presence of high concentrations of betaine (up to 0.75 mol/mol creatinine) in the urine of normal healthy human neonates. Betaine is not normally excreted in adults. Excretion of betaine from birth to 7 days old was monitored. The excretion of betaine in rats from 21 days after birth to 40-45 days old was also monitored. A peak in excretion in the rats of 1.5-3 mol/mol creatinine occurred between days 30-35. The presence of a high concentration of betaine in the urine is unlikely to be caused by a relative lack of betaine homocysteine methyl transferase activity compared with adults but may relate to the disposal of dietary choline during development. PMID- 3240601 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of cereal proteins toxic in coeliac disease. AB - Coeliac disease is revealed by polypeptides in the prolamin fraction of wheat, barley, rye and oats. Recovery depends on adherence to a strict cereal-free diet. A few methods for quantitation of the wheat prolamin, gliadin, have been described. In order to assess the suitability of food products for inclusion in the coeliac diet an assay should measure the total amount of potentially toxic cereal proteins. An inhibition ELISA was developed, by use of a purified, polyclonal prolamin-antibody, reacting with gliadin and gliadin-like polypeptides. The antibody did not react with maize, millet, rice or soya prolamins. The assay had a detection limit of 1 ng antigen with a very high degree of accuracy. The interassay coefficient of variation including the day-to day variation, was close to 30%, which is acceptable for the clinical applications of the assay. The flour of buckwheat was analyzed for antigen content. An amount of 39.5 micrograms gliadin-like polypeptides/g flour was measured, which corresponds to 0.06% of the gliadin content in wheat flour. PMID- 3240602 TI - Increase of erythrocyte resistance to hemolysis and modification of membrane lipids induced by hemodialysis. AB - Mechanical fragility, deformability and lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes were studied in 22 uremic dialysed patients before and after dialysis in comparison to controls. While deformability was not affected by a dialysis session, osmotic and saponin resistances to hemolysis were significantly increased after dialysis (p less than 0.001). The lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes was also altered during dialysis, with a notable increase in cholesterol and a different phospholipid distribution, i.e. phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin significantly decreased (p less than 0.001). Likewise, the fatty acid distribution showed large variations with an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acid. The acute effect of dialysis on the membrane lipid composition seems to be linked to erythrocyte alterations. Its significance is discussed in relation to the asymmetric transverse distribution of phospholipids previously described in human erythrocyte. PMID- 3240603 TI - Carbamylated haemoglobin in chronic renal failure. AB - Carbamylated haemoglobin was measured by quantifying the release of isopropyl hydantoin by the acid hydrolysis of globin using gas liquid chromatography. Carbamylated haemoglobin was evaluated in 167 subjects including patients with a wide spectrum of renal disease. Grossly elevated concentrations of isopropyl hydantoin (mean values greater than 80 ng IPH/mg globin) were found in chronic renal failure, dialysis and transplant patients with renal failure compared to healthy subjects (15-39 ng IPH/mg globin). The elevated carbamylated haemoglobin correlated with renal function. Carbamylated haemoglobin may act as an indicator of uraemic status and has a potential clinical usefulness and may also have a pathophysiological significance. PMID- 3240604 TI - Is the ex vivo rat gastric chamber model suitable for studying the gastrotoxicity of refluxed duodenal contents? Initial results using deoxycholic acid. AB - Duodenogastric reflux has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal disease but the relative toxicities of its constituents are not known. The suitability of the ex vivo rat gastric chamber model for systematic studies of bile acid gastrotoxicity was assessed using deoxycholic acid (DCA 0.2-5.0 mmol/l). Acute challenge with 5.0 mmol/l DCA produced significant loss of gastric transmucosal potential difference (delta PD = 25.9 +/- 3.3 mV: mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.01) compared with saline challenge (1.5 +/- 0.5 mV). Significant delta PD values were produced by DCA concentrations down to 0.5 mmol/l (16.0 +/- 2.8 mV). Challenge with 5.0 mmol/l DCA also caused significant increases in chamber fluid concentrations of nucleic acid (2.8 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml; p less than 0.05) and acid phosphatase (130 +/- 23.4 microU/ml; p less than 0.01). This study demonstrates DCA gastrotoxicity at concentrations comparable to human intragastric total bile acid concentrations and the suitability of this model for studying the toxic components of refluxed duodenal contents. PMID- 3240605 TI - Enzymatic antioxidative defence of erythrocytes in an Italian family with Hb Volga or alpha 2 beta 2 27 (B9) Ala----Asp. PMID- 3240606 TI - [Experimental studies assessing surgically induced lesions of the periodontal ligament with two donor site operation techniques in tooth transplantations]. PMID- 3240607 TI - [Cyclosporin-induced gingival hyperplasia. Morphology and pathogenetic considerations]. PMID- 3240608 TI - [Bacteremia following intraligament anesthesia]. PMID- 3240609 TI - [Cornelia de Lange's syndrome. A rare combination of craniomandibulofacial dysmorphias. Clinical picture and surgical treatment alternatives]. PMID- 3240610 TI - [Manifestation of a systemic mycosis (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis) in the oral cavity]. PMID- 3240611 TI - [Introduction to the "Prospective DOSAK Study on Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lips, the Oral Cavity and the Oropharynx"]. PMID- 3240612 TI - [Treatment results with antioncograph-oriented cytostatic combinations in patients with carcinomas of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3240613 TI - [Management of pain in advanced stages of tumors of the oral cavity. Analysis of a pain OPD]. PMID- 3240614 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in the diagnosis and monitoring of lingual nerve lesions]. PMID- 3240615 TI - [Individual lower jaw prosthesis after extensive cross-sectional resection of the mandible]. PMID- 3240616 TI - [Chondroplast--a heterologous tissue. Experiences with its use as a supporting material in the visceral cranium]. PMID- 3240617 TI - Bipedicled forehead flap for reconstruction of lower facial defect. PMID- 3240618 TI - [Droperidol in the prevention of postoperative vomiting after the surgical displacement of skeletal parts in oral and maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3240619 TI - [Expression of alpha-1-fucose in the glycocalyx of human gingival mucosa and epidermis. A comparative study]. PMID- 3240620 TI - [A neuropathological study of autopsied brains from 22 patients with oral dyskinesia]. PMID- 3240622 TI - [A study on fibronectin in cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 3240621 TI - [A case of alien hand sign]. PMID- 3240623 TI - [A case of Cogan's syndrome with aseptic meningitis and hydrocephalus]. PMID- 3240624 TI - [A case of syncope attack due to vagal reflex of rest angina]. PMID- 3240626 TI - [Somatostatin and substance P in the cerebrospinal fluid in various neurological diseases]. PMID- 3240625 TI - [An autopsy case of Crow-Fukase syndrome with massive appearance of amyloid bodies in the central nervous systems]. PMID- 3240627 TI - [Localization of the corticobulbar tract in pons]. PMID- 3240628 TI - [A case of epilepsy with the left side temporal epileptic focus and circling automatism toward the right side]. PMID- 3240629 TI - [Co-existence of clinical and immunohistochemical features of polymyositis and myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3240630 TI - [Brainstem infarction caused by occlusion of the persistent primitive hypoglossal artery. A case report]. PMID- 3240631 TI - [A family study of the caffeine contracture tests on skinned muscle fibers with the propositus affected by exercise-induced hyper-CK-emia]. PMID- 3240632 TI - [Brain atrophy in the aged]. PMID- 3240633 TI - Inhibition of protein non-enzymic glycation induced by Bendazac. AB - Enhanced non-enzymic glycation of proteins has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. Thus pharmacological inhibition of this reaction could be envisaged to delay the development of late diabetic complications. In the present study we have investigated the effect of a new compound, 1-Benzylindazole-3-oxyacetic acid, Bendazac (BDZ) on the in vitro glycation of soluble proteins (albumin and fibrinogen) and isolated glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The data obtained indicate that BDZ is capable of reducing significantly the glycation of albumin and fibrinogen (p less than 0.001). When present in concentrations usually found in patients undergoing therapy (40-80 micrograms/ml), an inhibitory effect on soluble proteins was also observed. Inhibition of glycation of GBM was found only in the presence of the active metabolite (5 hydroxy BDZ) and at high glucose concentrations. These results suggest that BDZ could interfere with protein non-enzymic glycation and its use in patients with diabetes may be then taken into consideration to evaluate the effect on late diabetic complications. PMID- 3240634 TI - Influence of moderate exercise on glucose homeostasis and serum testosterone in young men with low HDL-cholesterol level. AB - Fifty-five healthy sedentary non smoking and non obese 24-26-year-old men with a low serum concentration of HDL-cholesterol were selected for a study of the effect of nine weeks of exercise on glucose homeostasis, and blood testosterone. The participants were randomized into two groups. Twenty-eight subjects were assigned to a nine-week program of submaximal aerobic exercise three times weekly, while 27 were assigned to a non exercising control group. The improvement in physical fitness was assessed by change in estimated oxygen consumption (EVO2 max) that was increased by 15% in the exercise group (p less than 0.001), but remained unchanged in the control group. During the study the body weight of both groups remained essentially unchanged. There was a significant reduction of mean plasma fructosamine in the exercise group, and non significant reduction in serum insulin. Serum testosterone, glycohemoglobin and HDL-cholesterol were not influenced by exercise, while serum triglycerides were significantly reduced. PMID- 3240635 TI - Commission of the European Communities COMAC-BME 2nd Workshop on Electrical Impedance Tomography--Applied Potential Tomography. 21-23 October 1987, Lyon, France. PMID- 3240636 TI - Errors in reconstruction of resistivity images using a linear reconstruction technique. AB - Reconstruction of electrical impedance images using the filtered back projection method of Barber and Brown makes several important assumptions about the object being imaged. These are principally that the object has a circular boundary, is two-dimensional and of impedance close to uniform, and has electrodes equally spaced on its boundary. In practice few of these assumptions are met, yet the method appears to give sensible and useful images. This paper looks at errors of reconstruction produced by non-ideal placement of the electrodes and shows that the reconstruction method is insensitive to such placement errors. PMID- 3240637 TI - Data errors and reconstruction algorithms in electrical impedance tomography. AB - In electrical impedance tomography the reconstruction problem is a non-linear inverse problem and can only be solved by iterative methods. This paper describes two such algorithms, one based on the regularised Newton's method of Levenburg and Marquardt, and a second modified version of this algorithm which uses optimal current drive patterns. The second algorithm is shown to give superior reconstruction in a simulation study. Some effects of errors in the knowledge of boundary shape and electrode position are also discussed. PMID- 3240638 TI - Some possible neurological applications of applied potential tomography. AB - The applicability of applied potential tomography (APT) to imaging neuronal discharge and spreading depression in the brain has been assessed with single channel impedance measurements. Stimulation of frog sciatic nerve, rat cortex and human subjects produced no changes in impedance measured at 50 kHz greater than 0.02%, which suggests that APT systems currently in use could not image neuronal discharge in practice. Larger changes in impedance of about 40% during spreading depression could be reproducibly measured on rat cortex, and could be simulated by a mathematical model. The signal was attenuated but detectable when measured on the dura and outside the skull. Spreading depression could provide a useful model for the development of APT in the brain, which, if achievable, could lead to applications of clinical value in neurology and neurosurgery. PMID- 3240639 TI - Possibilities and problems of real-time imaging of tissue resistivity. AB - We show that the surface potential profiles used for electrical impedance tomography are largely determined by body shape and to a much lesser extent by internal resistivity distribution. The results of 2D finite element modelling show that changes of profile amplitude greater than a factor of four can be expected for the thorax. This offers the possibility of determining body shape from surface potential profiles and hence the determination of static images. Some of the other problems and possibilities of impedance imaging are discussed and in particular the design of a system for real time cardiac gated imaging. PMID- 3240640 TI - Recent North American progress in electrical impedance tomography. AB - Recent progress in electrical impedance tomography in North America is reviewed. It emphasises recent progress on the hardware system, measurement method, and reconstruction algorithm. It also describes two new EIT applications. PMID- 3240641 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction in electrical impedance tomography. AB - We have developed a three-dimensional, computer-simulated, electrical impedance tomographic imaging system using the four-electrode measurement technique. The reconstruction process finds the numerical solution of Laplace's equation by using the finite element method and the Newton-Raphson algorithm. A new diagonal electrodes measurement method provides lower error than the usual neighbouring electrodes measurement method. For a three-layer, 4 x 4 model, the number of iterations increased from 3 to 16 as the number of randomly placed, high resistivity voxels increased from 3 to 18. PMID- 3240642 TI - A regularised electrical impedance tomography reconstruction algorithm. AB - The Newton-Raphson algorithm is an effective reconstruction method. However, it exhibits degraded performance for ill-conditioned problems, especially in the presence of measurement error. This paper uses the regularisation method to improve the system's conditioning, which stabilises the reconstruction method. It shows that the [[ p'' ]] penalty form yields superior images, as compared to the [[ p ]] penalty form. PMID- 3240643 TI - A phantom for electrical impedance tomography. AB - A method has been developed for constructing phantoms for electrical impedance tomography (EIT). A mesh of resistors is soldered to pins in a matrix board and forms a physical realisation of a finite element numerical model. To simulate different body tissues, changes in the apparent electrical conductivity and permittivity can be introduced at a particular location within the phantom by shunting the resistors in the mesh with additional resistors and capacitors. The phantom was used to test an EIT system employing phase-sensitive detection to separate the real and imaginary parts of the peripheral electric potentials. From the measurements images of conductivity and permittivity were reconstructed using an algorithm developed recently. The phantom has good mechanical strength and is electrically stable. The design could easily be reproduced and distributed to other centres developing similar EIT systems to enable testing on a common basis. PMID- 3240644 TI - Analysis of equipotential lines as a basis for impedance imaging. AB - A mathematical two-dimensional phantom model has been implemented. With this it has been possible to calculate the equipotential line patterns in a homogeneous medium with inhomogeneous inclusions. The results have been compared with measurements in a physical phantom with identical outline. The shape of the phantom can be adapted to varying outlines congruent with transections of the human body. The physical measurements verify closely the pattern of the equipotential lines. Three approaches are suggested in applying the mathematical phantom model as a useful tool in impedance imaging. PMID- 3240645 TI - A hardware design for imaging the electrical impedance of the breast. AB - A system is described which can be used to collect data from 16 electrodes around a breast. The electrodes are actuated by pneumatic jacks and will accommodate breast diameters between 70 and 170 mm. The system could accommodate 32 electrodes. PMID- 3240646 TI - Electrical impedance imaging in two and three dimensions. AB - This paper describes an algorithm for electrical impedance imaging that makes no prior assumptions about current flow paths. It involves the solution of Poisson's equation for inhomogeneous media with an explicit conductivity-updating scheme that is not subject to matrix ill-conditioning problems. Sparse matrices are employed throughout and so a large number of pixels may be accommodated. A three dimensional laboratory experiment, with top-surface measurements only, is described. A submerged metallic object is imaged with error believed due to poor modelling of fields in the vicinity of the physical electrodes. The algorithm requires a large number of conductivity-updating iterations and so schemes must be considered for a substantial reduction in this number. PMID- 3240647 TI - Theory and performance of an adaptive current tomography system. AB - It has been shown that there exists an optimum set of current patterns for distinguishing one conductivity distribution from another. Since the optimum set of current patterns depends on the conductivity distribution being imaged it must be determined for each object being imaged. This paper describes how these current patterns may be determined and describes a system for achieving this in practice. PMID- 3240648 TI - Methods of cardiac gating applied potential tomography. AB - Electrical impedance imaging of the heart, pulmonary perfusion and the great blood vessels can only be achieved by synchronising the data collection with cardiac activity. Due to low signal-to-noise ratio, temporal averaging is needed to improve the image quality. In this study several methods of ECG gating are attempted to synchronise the applied potential tomography (APT) serial data collection with the cardiac cycle. They allow us to collect sequential images time-locked with the R-wave of the patient, and hence image the pulsatile movement of blood. Different methods are examined for their sampling speeds, noise levels and ability to image before systole. A method of image data rearrangement in order to provide an apparent increase in speed is also discussed. PMID- 3240649 TI - Quantitative assessment of impedance tomography for temperature measurements in microwave hyperthermia. AB - The objective of this study is a non-invasive assessment of the thermal dose in microwave hyperthermia. We intend to monitor the induced temperature rise via the change in the resistivity of body tissue, and hence control the microwave power during treatment. An initial feasibility study using electrical impedance tomography in vivo has indicated that a microwave induced temperature difference of a suitable magnitude can be mapped from a knowledge of the temperature coefficient of conductivity for tissue (typically 2% per degrees C). The accuracy of the currently employed reconstruction algorithm is assessed from data simulated by finite element prediction methods. A circular arrangement of electrodes surrounding a conductive sheet is used to evaluate the voltage distribution on the boundary of the sheet. A range of regions inside the circular field are chosen and the conductivity is changed uniformly by steps of 1% up to 10%. Images of these changes are produced. It is noticed that the algorithm underestimates the values of resistivity change for the small areas and overestimates the change for the larger areas. We are studying results for a variety of shapes of surface regions of the body that undergo resistivity change with microwave heating applied. Further work is necessary to account for three dimensional current paths. Preliminary results are also presented of experimental investigations of the microwave-induced temperature rise in layers of carbon loaded paper sheet. PMID- 3240650 TI - Aspects of instrumentation design for impedance imaging. AB - This paper takes the circuit for a general purpose impedance imaging data measurement system and analyses the importance of several components. For high accuracy it is shown that stray capacitances in the input circuitry are the major problem although the use of a phase sensitive demodulator can minimise this problem. It is shown that harmonic distortion in the constant current generator can cause errors which are, however, reduced if a linear multiplying demodulator is used rather than a switching demodulator. PMID- 3240651 TI - The effect of the skull of low-birthweight neonates on applied potential tomography imaging of centralised resistivity changes. AB - An investigation is presented into the likely effects of the neonatal skull on impedance images produced by applied potential tomography (APT) by imaging impedance changes inside the skull of a human infant of occipito-frontal circumference 30 cm. Measurements have been made with the skull immersed in a tank of saline and electrodes fixed to the perimeter of the tank. Sensitivity measurements have been assessed for imaging a small target close to the centre of the skull as compared with images produced without the skull. The results obtained compare favourably with measurements on a more realistic model of the neonatal head constructed by filling the skull with agar jelly to leave only a thin exterior coating of jelly to simulate the scalp. These experiments suggest that in the central region of the head of a neonate, measured changes by the APT technique are about 44% of that expected from a homogeneous phantom, but that this might vary from 32% to 55% at different points in the image in a very complex manner. PMID- 3240652 TI - The four-electrode impedance technique: a method for investigation of compliance in luminal organs. AB - A probe for measurement of related values of cross-sectional area (CA) and pressure has been developed to record characteristics of the walls in luminal organs. The aim of this study was to test the probe in vitro. CA was measured in the range 0.17 to 7.07 cm2 by means of the field gradient principle. Pressure was measured in the range 0 to 20 kPa (150 mmHg) by external transducers. After calibration both the pressure and the CA measuring system did measure the parameters adequately. The CA measuring system was dependent on the temperature and electrolyte concentration of the fluid, but was not affected by the size and form outside the excitation electrodes. The upper frequency limits for recordings of CA and pressure were 15.7 and 0.44 Hz, respectively. These in vitro results indicate that the tube assembly has characteristics sufficient for simultaneous measurement of CA and pressure in sphincter regions. These two variables can be used to describe mechanical wall properties such as compliance, hysteresis and creep. PMID- 3240653 TI - An evaluation of applied potential tomography in the diagnosis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. AB - In a study of gastric emptying on 28 children using applied potential tomography, we have shown that a group of children with delayed gastric emptying can be identified, including those with proven hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The place of APT in the investigation of gastric emptying in children is discussed, and in particular its usefulness in early confirmation of HPS in equivocal cases. PMID- 3240654 TI - Problems of cardiac output determination from electrical impedance tomography scans. AB - Impedance variations within the thorax related to cardiac activity have been localised using cardiac gated electrical impedance images. Since quantitative measurements of local variations can be made from those images, electrical impedance tomography gives more valuable information than impedance cardiography (ICG). However, because of the three-dimensional (3D) and non-uniform nature of the sensitivity function, localised measurements from electrical impedance tomography (EIT) scans are related to the position and geometry of the regions in which a resistivity change occurs. For accurate determination of volume changes from conductivity variations, the 3D sensitivity distribution needs to be known. PMID- 3240655 TI - Applied potential tomography: a new technique for monitoring pulmonary function. AB - An electrical impedance tomographic imaging system has been developed which can monitor changes in the resistivity of the thorax at a rate of 5 frames per second. There is a high correlation (r greater than 0.95) between changes in resistivity of the lungs and the volume of air inspired. Calibration of the system allows continuous monitoring of the level of ventilation on exercise up to a minute volume of 45 l min-1. The volumetric accuracy of the system is generally within +/- 10% of spirometric measurements. Studies of the effect of changes in posture on the calibration of the system show changes of between +9.5% and -3.8% in normal male subjects. The performance of the system compares favourably with existing techniques for the noninvasive monitoring of ventilation. PMID- 3240656 TI - An assessment of dynamic images by applied potential tomography for monitoring pulmonary perfusion. AB - Applied potential tomography (APT) images can be collected at a rate of 24 per second and data collection can be synchronised with the ECG. Images thus obtained from a thoracic plane allow the spatial separation of impedance changes originating in the heart, aorta and lungs and have raised the possibility of detecting pulmonary perfusion abnormalities from the cardiac-related impedance changes in the lungs. We have recently started a study to compare isotope perfusion scans with APT images and present here a few initial examples which suggest that further investigation of this field may prove rewarding. PMID- 3240658 TI - Guidelines issued on treatment of pediatric bacterial meningitis. PMID- 3240657 TI - Analysis and assessment of errors in a parallel data acquisition system for electrical impedance tomography. AB - Three possible data collection configurations for electrical impedance tomography are considered. These are serial current but parallel voltage measurement or full parallel operations. Measurement errors due to stray capacitances, common mode signals and contact impedance are considered. It is concluded that a parallel system offers advantages in terms of either speed or signal to noise ratio by may give larger common mode errors. PMID- 3240659 TI - Use of tamoxifen in stage I breast cancer. PMID- 3240660 TI - Predicting need for pharmacokinetic consultation follow-up using discriminant analysis. AB - A discriminant function that predicts whether a patient will require more than one intervention by the pharmacokinetic consultation service (PCS) was derived and evaluated prospectively. In phase 1, peak and trough serum aminoglycoside concentrations were evaluated for each of the 150 patients. The patients were then classified into either group 1 or group 2. Group 1 patients required a change in regimen after the initial recommended regimen was begun, while patients in group 2 did not require a change in regimen. Forty-seven variables of group 1 and group 2 were compared by univariate analysis. Stepwise discriminant analysis was then used to develop a model for classifying patients into either group 1 or group 2. In phase 2, the discriminant function derived in phase 1 was applied to a new group of 47 patients. In phase 1, significant variables of the derived discriminant function, in decreasing order of significance, were leukemia, serum creatinine concentration, location in an intensive-care unit (ICU), male sex, actual volume of distribution, therapeutic trough concentration, and number of days in the ICU before consultation. In phase 2, 6 (23%) of the 26 patients who actually required a change were classified into group 2, and 8 (38%) of the 21 patients who were assigned to group 1 for continuous monitoring did not actually require a regimen change. Although the results of the derived discriminant function were significant, the function's clinical utility in predicting the need for a second dosing intervention was poor. PMID- 3240661 TI - How many subjects are required for a study? PMID- 3240662 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. AB - A patient who developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) from the use of several neuroleptic agents and the therapeutic interventions used to reverse the syndrome are described, and the clinical presentation and treatment of NMS are reviewed. Fever, leukocytosis, seizures, delirium, and elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels developed in a 17-year-old girl who was receiving perphenazine and haloperidol. The patient was admitted to a hospital for treatment of atypical psychosis and received haloperidol and, later, thioridazine. Autonomic disturbances, altered consciousness, and muscular rigidity developed. Thioridazine was discontinued in favor of perphenazine because of anticholinergic adverse effects. Symptoms persisted despite treatment with benztropine and diphenhydramine. After the diagnosis of NMS was made, all neuroleptics were discontinued, and the patient began therapy with dantrolene sodium and bromocriptine. Dramatic improvement in the patient's condition followed. NMS has four characteristic signs: hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, altered consciousness, and autonomic dysfunction. Mechanisms believed to cause NMS include alteration of central neuoregulatory mechanisms and neuroleptic induced imbalance between central dopaminergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter systems. Bromocriptine, amantadine, dantrolene sodium, and electroconvulsive therapy have been used effectively in the treatment of NMS. NMS is a rare but potentially fatal adverse drug reaction that occurs in situations that make diagnosis difficult. Dramatic, favorable responses can be achieved with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. PMID- 3240663 TI - Soft tissue hematoma as a cause of fever in the adult. AB - Hematoma as an isolated cause of temperature elevation in adult patients is rarely reported. We describe a patient with a large hematoma involving his right leg that caused significant pyrexia. The computerized axial tomography findings are discussed, as well as the possible mechanisms responsible for the temperature elevation. PMID- 3240664 TI - [Are there really occupational diseases specific to the dentist? Analysis and results of second survey]. PMID- 3240665 TI - [Fruits]. PMID- 3240666 TI - [Are there really occupational diseases specific to the dentist? Analysis and results of second survey (contd)]. PMID- 3240667 TI - [Raw vegetables]. PMID- 3240668 TI - [A new type of toothbrush: clinical test]. PMID- 3240669 TI - [The V.B. Vital Bleaching method, or treatment method for discolored vital teeth]. PMID- 3240671 TI - [Cooked vegetables]. PMID- 3240670 TI - [Pathology of the first permanent molar in 7 to 15-year-old children in Bouches du-Rhone]. PMID- 3240672 TI - [Electromyographic study of the physiologic rest position of the mandible]. PMID- 3240673 TI - [A mandibular-cranial reference relation: the mandibular physiologic rest position]. PMID- 3240674 TI - [Cereals: wheat--rice--oats--rye--barley--maize--millet--buckwheat]. PMID- 3240675 TI - [Sealed gutta]. PMID- 3240676 TI - [A plea for vaccination against hepatitis B: importance or protocol]. PMID- 3240677 TI - [How to eat? What to eat?]. PMID- 3240678 TI - [The doctoral thesis in dentistry]. PMID- 3240679 TI - [Fasting]. PMID- 3240680 TI - [Gerodontology and the quality of life]. PMID- 3240681 TI - [Prevention of peri-operative pain during local and regional anesthesia in dentistry]. PMID- 3240682 TI - [Intraoral radiography in 1988]. PMID- 3240683 TI - [The patient does not improve role of psychosomatic consultation]. PMID- 3240684 TI - [Why a hepatitis B - AIDS file?]. PMID- 3240685 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its oral manifestations]. PMID- 3240686 TI - [The AIDS situation in the world]. PMID- 3240687 TI - [Protection and decontamination in the dental office]. PMID- 3240688 TI - [Protection and decontamination in the dental office (Cont). Available products]. PMID- 3240689 TI - [What conclusions (provisional) can be drawn for our daily practice?]. PMID- 3240690 TI - [Positive control of doping in sports: a possible responsibility of dentists]. PMID- 3240691 TI - [The dentist and AIDS]. PMID- 3240692 TI - [Madame Barzach to the dentists of France]. PMID- 3240693 TI - [The skull in three dimensions. CT scan]. PMID- 3240694 TI - [Adverse reactions following local anesthesia. General characteristics and report of a case]. PMID- 3240695 TI - [A new esthetic approach for deciduous molars: review after 2 years]. PMID- 3240696 TI - [Pedodontics and nutrition. I. The pregnant woman]. PMID- 3240697 TI - [Clinical study of a toothpaste for daily oral hygiene]. PMID- 3240698 TI - [Philosophy and justification for reform in dental education]. PMID- 3240699 TI - [Is your computer "intelligent"?]. PMID- 3240700 TI - [Health economics and the oral health system]. PMID- 3240701 TI - [Plesiography in the general analysis of the masticatory system. An alternative method]. PMID- 3240702 TI - [Diet from birth to the end of early childhood]. PMID- 3240703 TI - Antitumour activity of new semi-synthetic anthracyclines containing fluorotalopyranose. AB - The authors have synthesized 7-O-(2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-L-talopyranosyl) adriamycinone (FT-ADM) which exhibited strong antitumour activity and weak toxicity. These characteristics of FT-ADM are partly due to the presence of a 2' fluoro atom which strengthens the glycoside bond. FT-ADM, however, is sparingly soluble in water because of lack of the 3'-amino group of adriamycin. To increase the solubility of FT-ADM, a hydrophilic group was added at the 14-OH group. Then, the 14-hemisuccinate, 14-hemiglutarate, 14-hemiadipiate, 14-hemipimelate and 14 hemisuberate derivatives of FT-ADM were synthesized. Among them, the 14 hemipimelate derivative (FAD-104) was selected for further development because of its potent antitumour activity and weak toxicity. When drugs were injected intraperitoneally every day from day 1 to 9, FAD-104 showed an apparently stronger antitumour effect against mouse L-1210 leukaemia than adriamycin with lower toxicities. FAD-104 was also more effective than adriamycin on L-1210 using other administration schedules. A characteristic feature is that FAD-104 is effective over a very broad range, which will be advantageous for safe clinical use. FAD-104 also showed marked antitumour effect against L-1210 when it was injected intravenously either once on day 1 or three times on days 1, 5 and 9. Thus, FAD-104 may be a more potent antitumour anthracycline than adriamycin. PMID- 3240705 TI - Comparative in vitro potencies of nine new macrolides. AB - The in vitro activities of the 14-membered macrolides (14M) clarithromycin (CL), roxithromycin (RO), dirithromycin (DI) and flurithromycin (FL), a 15-membered macrolide (15M) azithromycin (AZ), and the 16-membered macrolides (16M) josamycin (JM), spiramycin (SP), miocamycin (MI) and rokitamycin (RK) were compared with erythromycin (ER). CL was two- to four-fold more potent than ER against all organisms except Haemophilus and Campylobacter jejuni against which it was two fold less active. RO and DI were generally two- to four-fold less active than ER. FL was two-fold less active than ER. AZ was equal to or two-fold less active than ER against Gram-positive bacteria and two- to four-fold more active than ER against Gram-negative bacteria, such as Haemophilus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Branhamella. The 16M were generally four- to eight-fold less active than ER against most aerobic bacteria and two-fold less active than ER against anaerobic bacteria. RK was generally two-fold more active than the other 16M. Bacteria carrying a constitutive-type of MLS resistance were resistant to the 14M, 15M and 16M, whereas bacteria with an inducible-type of resistance were susceptible to the 16M but resistant to the 14M and 15M. Addition of serum to the medium increased the activity of ER, CL, DI, FL, AZ and SP. The activity of RO was reduced four- to six-fold and the activity of MI was reduced by two-fold by adding serum to the medium. The activity of JO was unaffected by serum. All the macrolides were one- to four-fold more active at pH 8.0 than at pH 6.5. All the macrolides were bacteriostatic against Staphylococcus aureus 553, except RO and MI which were slowly bactericidal. All the macrolides were slowly bactericidal against Haemophilus influenzae 1435. PMID- 3240704 TI - Biological properties of ME2303 (FAD-104), a new anthracycline. AB - ME2303 (FAD-104) is a new anthracycline antibiotic whose structure is characterized by the presence of a 2'-fluoro atom and the lack of a 3'-amino group in the sugar moiety. Its cytocidal activity is superior to or equal to that of adriamycin (ADM). The LD50 value of ME2303 was about 140 mg/kg i.v. in mice and this value was about 7-fold higher than that of ADM. ME2303 was administered intravenously to Golden strain hamsters at doses of 25, 50, 75 and 150 mg/kg and the ECG was examined. From ECG changes, it seems that ME2303 did not show any effect on the heart in acute toxicity. Mutagenicity was recognized as with ADM in the back-mutation test. PMID- 3240706 TI - Doxofylline and theophylline are xanthines with partly different mechanisms of action in animals. AB - Doxofylline is a new antibronchospastic drug, recently introduced in therapy, with pharmacological properties like theophylline, a potent adenosine receptor antagonist. The authors have investigated the occurrence, after doxofylline administration, of the typical side-effects displayed by methylxanthines in general. The EC50 values of doxofylline in inhibiting the adenosine-induced relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle and the negative inotropic effect induced by adenosine on isolated guinea-pig atria were about 15 and 10 times greater respectively than those of aminophylline. Again, doxofylline increased diuresis only slightly (+15.8) with 20 mg/kg os, and did not increase sodium excretion; aminophylline, on the contrary, produced a dose-dependent increase in urine volume and natriuresis. In mice, aminophylline (6-24 mg/kg given intraperitoneally) dose-dependently increased locomotor activity, while doxofylline (6-24 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effect on behaviour. In anaesthetized guinea-pigs, doxofylline, in continuous intravenous infusion (0.5 ml/min) at 10 and 30 mg/ml, demonstrated fewer toxic effects than those induced by aminophylline: the effect on diastolic blood pressure, on threshold-dose for convulsions, on death-time and on lethal dose came later than with aminophylline. Finally, doxofylline did not affect gastric acid secretion, either in vitro or in vivo, unlike theophylline. The lack of side-effects with doxofylline indicates that this drug can be used safely and effectively in the treatment of obstructive lung disease. PMID- 3240707 TI - Effects of various high-fat diets on myocardial contractility and morphology in rats. AB - The effects of various high-fat diets (20% w/w) containing commercially available fats and oils (butter, corn oil, corn oil margarine, canola oil, canola oil margarine, soybean oil, soybean oil margarine, sunflower oil, sunflower oil margarine) on myocardial contractility and morphology and on plasma lipids were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed the diets for 16 weeks. Diets containing corn oil caused significantly (P less than or equal to .05) higher plasma total cholesterol levels than diets containing butter. Significant differences were also determined in lipoprotein levels. Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly (P less than or equal to .05) higher with butter than with sunflower oil or sunflower margarine. No significant differences among the groups occurred in blood pressure, heart rate, or myocardial contractility. Histological evaluation revealed that animals fed canola oil had the highest incidence and severity of myocarditis and fibrosis and that the degree of cardiac lipidosis was not correlated to the erucic-acid content of the diet. Myocardial damage was significantly (P less than or equal to .05) negatively correlated with stearic and palmitic acids and positively correlated with oleic acid. The results indicate that diets low in saturated fats may have adverse long-term effects on the heart. PMID- 3240708 TI - Increased vitamin A in esophagus and lungs after moderate ethanol consumption. AB - Moderate ethanol consumption, at the level of 18% of total energy as part of a liquid diet, was found to result in a significant increase of total vitamin A content in the esophageal mucosa in rats fed normal-zinc-containing or zinc supplemented diets. There was also an increase in total vitamin A content in the lungs after ethanol consumption, but the change was significant only in the zinc supplemented group. In the liver, retinyl palmitate plus oleate decreased after ethanol, whereas free retinol, retinyl stearate, and linoleate increased. Ethanol consumption resulted in a modest decrease in hepatic zinc content when expressed per gram of liver, but not per total liver (per 100 gram of body weight). Although chronic ethanol consumption at the level of 18% of total energy did not affect total hepatic vitamin A, there was still a significant increase of vitamin A content in esophagus and lungs. PMID- 3240709 TI - Altered mineral metabolism: a mechanism underlying the fetal alcohol syndrome in rats. AB - Excessive ethanol intake during pregnancy can cause birth defects in humans and is referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Because of the characteristic changes that are similar in FAS and zinc (Zn) deficiency, we have examined the role of Zn nutriture in the teratogenicity of ethanol in Sprague-Dawley rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were adapted to liquid diets containing Zn at 2 micrograms/ml (LZn), 30 micrograms/ml (AZn), or 300 micrograms/ml (HZn); ethanol contributed either 0% or 36% of kilocalories. Ethanol consumption resulted in reduced fetal growth and retarded skeletal development. Ethanol had no effect on whole body fetal Zn concentrations; however, copper (Cu) deficiency was induced in the HZn fetuses. Ethanol consumption resulted in higher than normal fetal liver CuZnSOD activity in the LZn and AZn groups. Fetuses from HZn dams showed no ethanol effect on CuZnSOD activity, suggesting that the low availability of Cu to the fetus prevented the increase in CuZnSOD activity in response to ethanol. The increase in the activity of fetal CuZnSOD in LZn and AZn groups is consistent with the concept that the metabolism of ethanol results in free radical generation in fetal tissue. Because excessive free radical levels may result in tissue damage, this may be one mechanism contributing to the expression of FAS. PMID- 3240710 TI - Influence of diet on the expression of hepatotoxicity from carbon tetrachloride in ICR mice. AB - Carbon tetrachloride-mediated hepatotoxicity in mice was influenced by two standard, commercially available diets and by a corn oil treatment vehicle. Animals maintained on Purina 5001 diet were less sensitive than animals maintained on Teklad LM-485 diet to hepatic intoxication by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Lower sensitivity of the Purina group was evidenced by significantly lower plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and higher hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels at all dosages of CCl4. In addition to the diets, the nature of the corn oil vehicle affected toxicological responses of mice to CCl4. When the vehicle from which tocopherols had been extracted was used, CCl4 elicited about twice the levels of plasma ALT than when nonextracted corn oil was used. In conclusion, the nature of the animal diet and treatment vehicle not only can influence toxicological response, but also can be important considerations in the interpretation of toxicological data. PMID- 3240711 TI - Effect of amoxicillin, cephalexin, and tetracycline-HCl on intestinal L-leucine transport in the rat in vivo. AB - By utilising an in vivo technique the effects of amoxicillin, cephalexin, and tetracycline-HCl on intestinal L-leucine absorption were studied in the rat. The results showed that amoxicillin caused a time-dependent and reversible inhibition of L-leucine transport while the inhibition induced by the other two antibiotics tested was not reversible. Light microscopic studies revealed that the three antibiotics were without effect on intestinal mucosal morphology. PMID- 3240712 TI - Zinc deficiency worsens ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. AB - The effects of zinc deficiency on ethanol-induced ulcers were studied. Rats fed with zinc-deficient diets for 5 weeks showed markedly lowered serum zinc levels and body weights. Ethanol 30% given orally produced gastric mucosal lesions and reduced the glutathione content in the gastric glandular mucosa in their pair-fed non-zinc-deficient controls. Zinc deficiency potentiated the glutathione depleting and ulcer-producing effects of ethanol. N-acetylcysteine, a sulfhydryl containing agent, protected non-zinc-deficient rats from lesions produced by 50% ethanol, whereas N-ethylmaleimide, a sulfhydryl-blocking agent, worsened ulceration. It appears that zinc deficiency intensifies ethanol-induced ulceration by permitting greater depletion of the glutathione content in the stomach. PMID- 3240713 TI - Effect of long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs on the vitamin status. AB - The status of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D, and E as well as that of beta carotene, biotin, and folate in the blood of over 500 epileptics was compared with that of a normal population. Male and female epileptics showed a poorer supply of vitamins B2, biotin, folate, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; the males, of only vitamin B6, B12, and E, and the women, of only vitamin A. Concentrations of beta-carotene and vitamin E in female epileptics were higher. The evaluation of relations between vitamin concentrations and mean daily dose, total dose of anticonvulsants, and duration of therapy suggested a possible influence of anticonvulsant medication on vitamins B1, B2, B6, C, D, E, beta-carotene, biotin, and folate. Concentrations of B vitamins as well as of folate were distinctly lower in patients under monotherapy with enzyme-inducing drugs than in those under valproate sodium. There was no relationship between bone mineral content and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels and between the neurographic parameters and the neurotropic vitamins of the B group, which also had no influence on concentration performance. Patients with poorer results in tests of the function of the central and the peripheral nervous system displayed a tendency towards lower vitamin-C levels. There were indications of potential links between immunological status and vitamin B6 and biotin. Males and females with a poorer supply of vitamin C, as well as males with lower riboflavin levels, showed a tendency towards macrocytic anaemia. Cerebellar disturbances were associated with lower concentrations of folate, of vitamin C or D, and possibly of biotin. The incidence of gingival hyperplasia could be linked to riboflavin, to biotin, and possibly also to vitamin C, D, or folate status. PMID- 3240714 TI - Effects of capsicum fruit on theophylline absorption and bioavailability in rabbits. AB - Absorption and bioavailability of theophylline from a sustained-release gelatin capsule were investigated in 10 male rabbits after oral administration (20 mg/kg), with and without a ground capsicum fruit suspension. Comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the concomitant absorption of capsicum increases areas under plasma curves (from 86.06 +/- 9.78 mg H/liter to 138.32 +/- 17.27 mg H/liter, P less than 0.001), peak plasma levels (from 6.65 +/- 0.76 to 8.78 +/- 0.98 mg/liter, P less than 0.01), and mean residence times (from 14.94 +/- 2.97 to 20.98 +/- 5.75 H, P less than 0.001). A second administration of the capsicum suspension, 11 hours after dosing, produced a new rise of theophylline plasma levels in every rabbit. The variations in pharmacokinetic and bioavailability parameters are discussed in accordance with the mechanisms of action of capsaicin, an active compound present in capsicum fruit. PMID- 3240715 TI - Effects of prolonged acetaminophen ingestion and dietary methionine on mouse liver glutathione. AB - Acetaminophen (ACAP) was fed to adult Swiss-Webster mice for 4 weeks to examine the effect of prolonged ACAP ingestion on hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations. In the first experiment, male and female mice were pair-fed diets containing ACAP at levels of 0.0 (control), 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0% of diet on a dry weight basis with the total sulfur-amino acids provided at 0.5% of the diet. Hepatic GSH was depleted, and the percentage of dose excreted as the urinary ACAP GSH-derived conjugate increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing ACAP. Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity, relative liver weight, and hepatic microsomal protein content increased in the group given 1.0% ACAP, but microsomal aniline hydroxylation decreased. In the second experiment, adult male mice were fed ad libitum diets containing 0.0 or 0.6% ACAP with total L-methionine provided at 0.25, 0.5 (requirement level), or 1.0%. Hepatic GSH was markedly depleted 1 week after initiation of ACAP treatment in all groups except those receiving 1.0% methionine. This reduction persisted throughout the 4-week treatment period. After 4 weeks, liver cysteine was also reduced as a result of ACAP ingestion and methionine deficiency, whereas serum inorganic sulfate concentration was not changed. Reduction in hepatic cysteine levels was also prevented by 1.0% dietary methionine. The dose-dependent depletion of GSH, the trend toward an increase in ACAP-GSH-derived conjugate excretion, and the prevention of GSH depletion by providing dietary methionine in excess of requirement indicate that prolonged ingestion of ACAP may increase the requirement for sulfur-containing amino acids and limit the availability of methionine and cysteine for protein synthesis, methylation reactions, and drug detoxification. PMID- 3240717 TI - Effects of a variety of calcium sources on mineral metabolism in anemic rats. AB - The effects of commercially available calcium supplements (calcium carbonate, oyster shell, chelated calcium and magnesium, calcium phosphate dibasic) and milk on tissue levels and apparent absorption of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and copper were evaluated with rats that had been made anemic by dietary iron depletion. Hematocrits of anemic rats fed the chelated calcium and magnesium were restored more slowly than rats fed the other calcium sources. The rats fed chelated calcium and magnesium also retained less iron in their livers than rats fed calcium phosphate dibasic, oyster shells, or calcium carbonate and retained less calcium in bone than rats fed milk, oyster shells, or calcium phosphate dibasic. Rats fed calcium phosphate dibasic had on average 40-fold higher levels of calcium in their kidneys than rats fed the other diets. The molar ratio of additional calcium and phosphorus in kidneys of these rats was 3:2. PMID- 3240716 TI - Effect of dietary vitamin E level on the biochemical response of rat lung to ozone inhalation. AB - We examined the effects of dietary vitamin E level on rat lung response to ozone (O3) inhalation. In one study, we fed 1-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats a test diet containing 0 or 50 IU vitamin E/kg for 2 months, and then exposed one-half of the animals from each dietary group to 0.8 ppm (1,568 micrograms/m3) O3 intermittently (8 hours daily) and the other half to room air for 7 days. After O3 exposure, we found significant increases in marker enzyme activities in rat lungs from both dietary groups relative to corresponding air-exposed controls, but the magnitude of increases was greater for the 0 IU than the 50 IU group. In another study, we fed 1-month-old SD rats a test diet containing 10, 50, or 500 IU vitamin E/kg for 2 months and then exposed one-half of the animals from each dietary group to 0.8 ppm (1,568 micrograms/m3) O3 continuously and the other half to room air for 4 days. The O3 exposure increased the metabolic activities in rat lungs from all three dietary groups relative to corresponding air-exposed controls, but the magnitude of increases was greater for the 10 IU than the 50 IU or 500 IU group, and the difference between the 50 IU and 500 IU groups was small. Because a greater increase in lung metabolism after O3 exposure is thought to be associated with a greater tissue injury, the results suggest that an absence of dietary vitamin E exacerbates lung injury from O3 inhalation, while its presence protects from injury. However, the magnitude of this protective effect does not increase proportionately with increased dietary vitamin E supplementation beyond a certain level. PMID- 3240718 TI - Influence of copper and zinc on urethan-induced adenoma development in mice. AB - Female Swiss mice were exposed to zinc chloride (0 to 500 ug/mL) or copper sulfate (0 to 200 ug/mL) in their drinking water for 15 weeks. After 3 weeks of the exposure period, the mice were administered urethan (1.5 mg/g) intraperitoneally. Urethan-induced pulmonary adenoma formation was evaluated 12 weeks later. Zinc exposure increased the number of adenomas produced but reduced the mean tumor diameter in the intermediate treatment groups, 50 and 200 ug/mL. Exposure to copper had no effect on tumor size or on tumor number. Weight gains in the mice were not affected by copper or zinc treatment, although a dose dependent reduction in water consumption was observed with copper. Water consumption in mice exposed to zinc was elevated in one treatment group (50 ug/mL). Urethan-induced sleeping times, which reflect the rate of urethan excretion, were prolonged by zinc exposure but were unaffected by copper exposure. This finding suggests that zinc exposure impairs the elimination of urethan and enhances its carcinogenic activity, which is manifested by increased tumor formation. PMID- 3240719 TI - Effects of dietary zinc deficiency on the activity of enzymes associated with phase I and II of drug metabolism in Fischer-344 rats: activities of drug metabolising enzymes in zinc deficiency. AB - A study was undertaken to assay the various phase I and phase II drug metabolising enzymes in zinc deficiency. Male weanling Fischer rats were subjected to zinc deficiency for a period of 7 weeks. Zinc levels in the control and deficient diets were 30 mg and 1.1 mg/kg diet, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, the activities of various hepatic cytosolic and microsomal enzymes were estimated. It was observed that the activities of microsomal epoxide hydrolase (with benz(a)pyrene 4-5 oxide as substrate), uridine diphospho glucuronyl transferase (with 1-naphthol as substrate) and cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase (with chlorodinitrobenzene as substrate) were altered exclusively due to zinc deficiency. There was a change in the activities of the following enzymes, which could be due either to zinc deficiency and/or food restriction: 1) aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; 2) cytochrome b; 3) cytochrome c; and 4) cytochrome b5. Other enzymes studied, i.e., cytosolic epoxide hydrolases, microsomal EHSTO, and UDPGT testosterone were not different in the control and experimental groups. The results are discussed in relation to the activation of carcinogens and neoplastic formation in zinc deficiency. PMID- 3240720 TI - The role of serotonin in cardiovascular disease. Proceedings of a symposium. Kyoto, 27 May 1988. PMID- 3240721 TI - Contribution of serotonergic systems to maintenance of blood pressure in anaesthetised normotensive Wistar Kyoto and conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 3240722 TI - A new selective antagonist of vascular serotonin receptors lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 3240724 TI - Haemodynamic changes associated with long term antihypertensive therapy with ketanserin. PMID- 3240723 TI - Antihypertensive effect of long term ketanserin in elderly essential hypertensive patients. Assessment of left ventricular function at rest and during exercise. PMID- 3240725 TI - Effects of ketanserin on systemic and regional haemodynamics in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 3240726 TI - Influence of ketanserin on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients with hypertension. PMID- 3240727 TI - Effect of ketanserin on lipoproteins in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 3240728 TI - Comparative study of ketanserin and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension. Janssen Research Group. PMID- 3240729 TI - Hypertensive patients with Raynaud's phenomenon or intermittent claudication and their treatment with ketanserin. PMID- 3240730 TI - The relevance of serotonin antagonism in the treatment of hypertension. AB - The role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of hypertension is not clear. Serotonin is produced by the enterochromaffin cells of the gut; the greater part of this is metabolised in the liver and lungs and nearly all of the remainder is taken up by the platelets. Consequently, circulating levels of serotonin are extremely low. The arterial wall possesses S2-serotonergic receptors, stimulation of which by serotonin leads to vasoconstriction. There are also serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, particularly in the medulla, which are concerned with the neurogenic control of the circulation. Ketanserin has a high affinity for the S2 receptors, and thus it will antagonise the stimulating effect of serotonin at these receptors. It also has a weaker affinity for alpha 1-adrenoceptors and may act in part by antagonising the pressor effects of norepinephrine, either directly, or indirectly through a link between serotonin S2-receptors and alpha 1 receptors. Experimental evidence suggests that atheromatous lesions lead to increased sensitivity to the vasoconstricting effects of serotonin. This may be due in part to platelet adhesion to areas of endothelial damage, with an associated reduced presence of endothelial relaxing factor. In human hypertension, ketanserin appears to lower blood pressure more effectively in older patients, an effect which may be due to associated atheroma of the aorta and large arteries of these patients. Serotonin antagonism offers a novel approach to the treatment of the hypertensive patient. The increased effectiveness of ketanserin in elderly patients may be of particular importance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3240731 TI - Arterial dilatation and venous constriction induced by serotonin in the elderly. PMID- 3240732 TI - Role of endogenous serotonin in the regulation of blood pressure in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 3240733 TI - Hyperreactivity of platelets to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Influence of ketanserin, a serotonin S2-receptor antagonist. PMID- 3240734 TI - Effects of long term oral administration of ketanserin and trichlormethiazide on blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 3240735 TI - Inhibitory effect of ketanserin on sympathetic nerve activity in rats. PMID- 3240736 TI - AIDS and the otolaryngologist. PMID- 3240737 TI - Clinical implications of metronidazole antianaerobic prophylaxis in major head and neck surgical procedures. PMID- 3240738 TI - Acute uvular edema. PMID- 3240739 TI - Aberrant solid cervical thymus. PMID- 3240740 TI - Aggressive juvenile fibromatosis presenting as a parotid mass. PMID- 3240741 TI - Bilateral branchial fistulas. PMID- 3240742 TI - Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. PMID- 3240743 TI - Teratoma of the nasopharynx. PMID- 3240744 TI - Wharton's duct stones. PMID- 3240745 TI - Enterostomal hydrocolloid materials. PMID- 3240746 TI - Colorectal disease in Africa. PMID- 3240747 TI - Cancer of the uterine body in Kenyans. PMID- 3240748 TI - The enigma of Hirschsprung's disease: an African experience. PMID- 3240749 TI - Some factors in relation to intrauterine growth of Zambian infants. PMID- 3240751 TI - Surgical experience with rheumatic valvular heart disease in Yemen. PMID- 3240750 TI - Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) in African myelomatosis. PMID- 3240752 TI - Aetiological factors of mandibular fractures at Harare Central Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. PMID- 3240753 TI - Birth interval and pregnancy outcome. PMID- 3240754 TI - Incidence of asymptomatic rotavirus infection in neonates in the nursery of a children hospital in Damman, Saudi Arabia. PMID- 3240755 TI - Diagnostic significance of bone marrow reactive plasmacytosis in Zimbabweans. PMID- 3240756 TI - Subfertile men with severe oligospermia: outcome of management. PMID- 3240757 TI - 2H and 31P NMR study of pentalysine interaction with headgroup deuterated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine. AB - The interaction of cationic pentalysine with phospholipid membranes was studied by using phosphorus and deuterium Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of headgroup deuterated dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoyl phosphatidylserine (DMPS). In the absence of pentalysine, some of the deuterium and phosphorus spectra of DMPC/DMPS 5:1 (m:m) membranes gave lineshapes similar to those of partially-oriented bilayers with the planes of the bilayers being parallel to the magnetic field. The deuterium NMR data show that the quadrupolar splittings of the deuterated methylenes of the DMPC headgroup are not affected by adsorption of pentalysine on the PC/PS membranes. By contrast, the pentalysine produces significant changes in the quadrupolar splittings of the negatively charged DMPS headgroup. The results are discussed in relation to previous 2H NMR investigations of phospholipid headgroup perturbations arising from bilayer interaction with cationic molecules. PMID- 3240758 TI - Galvanotaxis of human granulocytes. Dose-response curve. AB - The galvanotactic response of human granulocytes was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The basic results are: (i) The granulocytes move towards the anode. (ii) The directed movement has been quantified by two different polar order parameters--the McCutcheon index and the average of cos phi. (iii) The polar order parameters are a function of the applied electric field (= dose response curve). (iv) The inverse of the galvanotactic constant of migrating cells (analogous to the Michaelis-Menten constant) has a value of -0.2 +/- 0.03 V/mm. (v) The galvanotactic response of granulocytes is a non-cooperative process with a cooperativity coefficient of 1 +/- 0.2. (vi) The galvanotactic constant is a function of pH. (vii) The protein essential for the galvanotactic response is very likely a G-protein. PMID- 3240759 TI - Rapid pre-operative immunotherapy in a patient allergic to muscle relaxants. AB - Allergic reactions to muscle relaxants are not uncommon. Although, in most instances, divalent quaternary ammonium salts are involved in these reactions, some monovalent quaternary ammonium compounds can trigger IgE-mediated reactions. A woman who suffered from several episodes of anaphylaxis with divalent (suxamethonium) and monovalent quaternary ammonium salts (tiemonium) needed surgery. Regional anaesthesia was contra-indicated owing to a possible intolerance to local anaesthetics. Investigation confirmed an allergy to monovalent quaternary ammonium salts. Rapid immunotherapy was started with a monovalent quaternary ammonium salt (tiemonium) and subsequently followed by a general anaesthesia using vecuronium. The patient did not develop anaphylactic symptoms. PMID- 3240760 TI - Post-operative sore throat: effect of lignocaine jelly and spray with endotracheal intubation. AB - The effects of laryngeal lignocaine spray and/or lignocaine jelly as lubricants were studied on the incidence of sore throat, hoarseness, or tracheal irritability as evidenced by either a tendency to cough or frank coughing after intubation with a Sensiv tube (Searle Medical Products). Pressure in the medium volume, low-pressure cuff was controlled and kept below 2.5 kPa (25 cmH2O) during anaesthesia. The side-effects of 94 surgical patients were recorded in a double blind manner in the recovery room and on the first post-operative day. The lowest number of patients (62%) with side-effects was found in the control group and the greatest (95%) after the combination of lignocaine jelly and spray (P less than 0.05). The number of side-effects after lignocaine jelly alone was 85% and after the spray alone 68%. Women were more prone to have side-effects, especially sore throat and hoarseness, than men (P less than 0.05). Induced hypotension did not increase the incidence of side-effects. Endotracheal cuff pressures were also studied in 114 patients during N2O-O2 anaesthesia and in 54 patients after the replacement of N2O with nitrogen. The minimum occluding pressure required was 1 kPa (10 cmH2O). In 42% of the patients receiving N2O a limiting value of 2.5 kPa (25 cmH2O) was reached during anesthesia in a mean time of 74 min (range 25-180 min). After the replacement of N2O with nitrogen, the cuff pressure decreased from 1.8 kPa (18 cmH2O) to 0.7 kPa (7 cmH2O) over 40 min. It is concluded that lignocaine jelly with the use of a spray significantly increases post-operative side-effects. PMID- 3240761 TI - Gamma variate fits to pharmacokinetic data. AB - The gamma variate, C = Ataexp(-bt), was tested, as a fitting function, with various real and error-free simulated intravascular and extravascular pharmacokinetic data sets and the results compared with polyexponential fits. For extravascular data, the gamma variate is only suitable to globally fit data which might otherwise be described biexponentially. For intravascular data, the gamma variate could only fit a limited range of the possible concentration-time profiles. Gamma variate fitting algorithms must minimize relative deviations; fits using unweighted sums of squared deviations gave excellent results at higher concentration values but consistently underestimated terminal descending portions of the data. PMID- 3240762 TI - Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of furosemide-retard and furosemide retard/triamterene. AB - In a randomized cross-over study the saluretic effect of furosemide-retard was compared with the combination of furosemide-retard/triamterene in 10 healthy male volunteers. The combination led to a significantly stronger excretion of sodium and a significantly lower excretion of potassium than furosemide-retard. The interaction of the saluretic with the antikaliuretic was even more distinctly expressed regarding sodium related quotients. The combination furosemide retard/triamterene differs significantly from furosemide-retard in the main considering Na+/Cl-, Na+/K+ and Na+/Mg2+ quotients. The concentration time curves for furosemide and OH-TA-sulphate in the plasma are nearly similar. Maximal plasma levels for furosemide are reached after 3.9h and for OH-TA-sulphate after 2.2h. The 'apparent' elimination half-life time for furosemide is 2.1h and the elimination half-life time for OH-TA-sulphate is 2.0h. PMID- 3240763 TI - N1-glucosides as urinary metabolites of sulphadimidine, sulphamerazine and sulphamethoxazole. AB - The synthesis and characterisation of the N1-beta-D-glucosides of the three title sulphonamides are described, and these conjugates are shown, by means of HPLC and MS, to be minor urinary metabolites of these drugs. PMID- 3240764 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the dopamine partial agonist, terguride, in the rat and rhesus monkey. AB - 3H-labelled terguride was rapidly and completely absorbed in the rat after oral administration of up to 50 mg/kg. In the rhesus monkey, absorption was prolonged. The bioavailability of terguride was 79% in the rat and 15% in the monkey. Plasma levels of the unchanged drug declined with a half-life of 50 min (rat) or 20 min (monkey). Tissue distribution as studied by autoradiography in pregnant rats showed highest concentrations of labelled compounds in the liver, the cervical gland and the kidney. Lower levels were found in the thymus, the spinal cord, the placenta and the heart muscle followed by the fetal tissue, the muscles and the brain. Radioactivity was excreted mainly in the faeces when administered to the rat and to a higher extent in the urine after treatment of rhesus monkeys. PMID- 3240765 TI - Pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide in plasma and CSF of rabbits following intravenous and oral administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide (PZA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 10 rabbits were studied after separate intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration, in a cross-over study. Concentrations of PZA in biological fluids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After p.o. dose PZA was absorbed rapidly and peak plasma concentration was attained at 0.5 h post administration. After i.v. dose, the plasma PZA concentrations declined rapidly within 10 min and subsequently more slowly following a bi exponential manner. No difference was observed in the area under plasma concentration-time curves indicating oral absorption was complete and no apparent first-pass metabolism occurred. The (mean +/- S.D.) elimination t1/2 after i.v. (1.04 +/- 0.18 h) was significantly shorter (P less than 0.0005) than that after oral (1.95 +/- 0.63 h) dose and the apparent volume of distribution was also significantly smaller (P less than 0.005) after i.v. (3.211 +/- 0.412 l) than after oral (5.936 +/- 1.607 l) administration. The elimination t1/2 of PZA in CSF was nearly identical to that in plasma after either i.v. (1.07 +/- 0.20 h) or p.o. (1.84 +/- 0.56 h) administration. There is no apparent barrier in rabbits for the penetration of PZA into CSF from the general circulation. PMID- 3240767 TI - Pharmacokinetics of pirazolac, a new anti-inflammatory drug, in human volunteers. III. Steady state plasma levels. AB - Seven male, young subjects received twice daily 300 mg of pirazolac (PAA) for one week and twice daily 600 mg PAA for a further week as tablet. Plasma levels of PAA were monitored every day just before dosing and up to 72 hours after the last dose using a specific HPLC-method. During the first week of treatment trough steady state levels of Cssmin = 24 +/- 8 micrograms/ml were reached at day 4. After changing of dose regimen to twice daily 600 mg a new steady was established four days later with Cssmin = 62 +/- 15 micrograms/ml. PAA in the plasma was highly (99.2 +/- 0.8%) bound to plasma proteins. Time course of the decay of PAA levels in the plasma after the last dose was similar to that after a single administration. PMID- 3240766 TI - The effects of once-daily dosing with ranitidine and cimetidine on theophylline pharmacokinetics. AB - Twelve healthy non-smokers (7M and 5F) completed a balanced three-way crossover investigation designed to characterise the influence of oral cimetidine (800 mg), ranitidine (300 mg) and placebo pretreatment for 7 days on the pharmacokinetics of a 250 mg single oral dose of theophylline. The oral clearance of theophylline after ranitidine pretreatment, 4.55 +/- 1.69 l/h (mean +/- SD) was indistinguishable from that after placebo, 4.78 +/- 1.96 l/h, but cimetidine was associated with a significant 21% reduction in theophylline clearance, 3.58 +/- 1.07 l/h (P = 0.006). There was a correspondingly significant increase in the terminal half-life of theophylline following cimetidine, 6.11 +/- 1.29 h (P = 0.017), compared with 5.05 +/- 1.43 h and 4.88 +/- 1.45 h for placebo and ranitidine, respectively. There was no change in maximum theophylline concentration or time to maximum but following cimetidine the plasma theophylline levels between 4 and 12 hours were 15-50% higher than following placebo (P less than 0.002). These data indicate a significant interaction between 800 mg cimetidine given once daily and theophylline which is likely to be the result of enzyme inhibition. Once-daily dosing with 300 mg ranitidine had no significant effect on theophylline pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3240768 TI - Block of conditioned avoidance responding in the rat by substituted phenylpiperazines. AB - Ortho-methoxyphenylpiperazine (OMPP) and meta-substituted chlorophenylpiperazine (MCPP) blocked conditioned avoidance responding (CAR) in the rat (ED50 values = 5.6 (4.6, 7.3) and 2.4 (1.9, 2.9) mg/kg i.p. (95% confidence limits), respectively) without markedly altering escape responding. Since this test predicts antipsychotic efficacy, the piperazines were examined in radioligand binding assays and found to have no affinity for dopamine (DA) binding sites, but were active at serotonin binding sites. OMPP displaced ligands for the 5-HT1A binding site with high affinity (Ki = 9.5 (5.4, 17.9) nM) but was inactive at 5 HT2 sites (Ki greater than 1000 nM). MCPP, on the other hand, displaced ligands for 5-HT1, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 binding sites with similar potencies (Ki values = 25 (3, 67), 23 (14, 40) and 40 (33, 48) nM, respectively). Pretreatment with metergoline (1.0 mg/kg i.p. -30 min) reduced MCPP- but not OMPP-induced block of CAR. OMPP, on the other hand, acted as a DA receptor antagonist in vivo blocking amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior, whereas MCPP did not. Neither produced catalepsy even given in doses 8-10 times those required to block CAR. Insofar as these compounds lack antidopaminergic activity in vivo, yet are active in a test (CAR) predictive of antipsychotic activity in which DA receptor antagonists are active, they may be novel antipsychotic agents, or, perhaps, false positives in the CAR paradigm. PMID- 3240769 TI - Effects of sodium nitroprusside on cytosolic calcium level in vascular smooth muscle. AB - The inhibitory effect of sodium nitroprusside on the cytosolic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]cyt), measured simultaneously with contraction by means of a fluorescence dye, fura-2, and on the 45Ca2+ uptake was tested in the isolated rat aortic smooth muscle. Norepinephrine increased muscle tension, 45Ca2+ uptake and [Ca2+]cyt. In a Ca2+-deficient solution, norepinephrine transiently increased muscle tension and [Ca2+]cyt. Sodium nitroprusside inhibited all changes induced by norepinephrine although the inhibition of [Ca2+]cyt was less than that of muscle contraction. Sodium nitroprusside also inhibited the high K+-induced contraction at concentrations higher than those needed to inhibit norepinephrine induced contraction. Inhibition of the high K+induced contraction was accompanied by a small decrease in [Ca2+]cyt and a smaller decrease in 45Ca2+ uptake. Methylene blue antagonized, and M&B 22,948 potentiated the inhibitory effect of sodium nitroprusside. These results suggest that sodium nitroprusside has multiple sites of action. At relatively low concentrations, sodium nitroprusside could inhibit the Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release. At relatively high concentrations, this inhibitor could also augment Ca2+ sequestration and decrease the sensitivity of contractile elements to Ca2+. PMID- 3240770 TI - Intracerebroventricular injection of neosurugatoxin induces a prolonged blockade of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. AB - The intracerebroventricular injection of neosurugatoxin (2 x 3.2 micrograms) significantly reduced the specific binding of [3H]nicotine but not of [3H]cismethyldioxolane in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus of rats 3 days after the toxin injection. Scatchard analysis of [3H]nicotine binding in the rat cerebral cortex revealed that neosurugatoxin can selectively decrease the maximal binding sites (Bmax) for [3H]nicotine by approximately 38%. A significant decrease in the Bmax value for [3H]nicotine was also observed in this brain region 7 days after the neosurugatoxin injection. Thus, the intracerebroventricular injection of neosurugatoxin can induce a prolonged blockade of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 3240771 TI - Identification of 5-HT3 binding sites in rat spinal cord synaptosomal membranes. AB - The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222, displace 47-55% of the specific [3H]serotonin (100 nM) binding to synaptosomal membranes derived from the dorsal, but not ventral, spinal cord of rats with IC50s less than 1.0 nM. Methiothepin (10 microM) increased displacement to 86-94% without shifting these IC50s. Scatchard plots of [3H]5-HT binding in the presence of methiothepin (10 microM) reveal a single population of sites (KD = 11.5 nM, Bmax = 282 fmol mg-1 protein). These results indicate the presence of 5-HT3 binding sites in dorsal spinal cord. PMID- 3240772 TI - Parasympathetic denervation abolishes acetylcholine-induced relaxation in the rat iris dilator. AB - An anomalous change in response to exogenously applied acetylcholine (ACh) was found in the rat iris dilator muscle after surgical parasympathetic denervation. The relaxation induced by nerve stimulation in the normal dilator muscles disappeared after the denervation. ACh elicited relaxation and contraction at low (less than 3 X 10(-6) M) and higher doses, respectively, in the normal muscles. The relaxing response to ACh was almost abolished after the denervation, while the maximum contractile response to ACh was not affected significantly. PMID- 3240773 TI - The electrogenic Na-K pump does not contribute to endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in the rabbit ear artery. AB - The application to smooth muscle cells of the rabbit ear artery, of either K ions after incubation with K-free solution, or of ACh produced a transient hyperpolarization of the membrane. Ouabain inhibited the former hyperpolarization but not the latter, indicating that the electrogenic Na-K pump possibly does not contribute to the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. PMID- 3240774 TI - The hypoglycemic effects of tryptamine in mice: mediation by 5-HT receptors. AB - The effects of tryptamine on blood glucose levels were studied. Tryptamine induced significant hypoglycemia in mice. The hypoglycemia elicited by tryptamine was strongly antagonized by methysergide, an antagonist of both 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. A 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin, partially inhibited the tryptamine-induced hypoglycemia. These results suggest that tryptamine-induced hypoglycemia is mediated by 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. PMID- 3240775 TI - [Establishment of a new hereditary-cataract mouse (CSM) strain derived from SENCAR mouse]. AB - A mouse representing a new hereditary cataract strain was found in a mouse colony and a new line was established strain CSM. These mice were investigated genetically, histologically and biochemically. The results suggested that this cataract was apparently inherited through two recessive autosomal genes. Histologically the denucleation process of lens fibers was abnormal and small vacuoles appeared in the equatorial region of the lens cortex at 12 days. Biochemically, insoluble protein and sodium increased in the lens with age. PMID- 3240776 TI - Fluctuations in peripheral serum testosterone levels within a day, with age and by sexual stimulation in male beagle dogs bred indoors. AB - Fluctuations in serum levels of testosterone (T) within a day, both with age and as a result of sexual stimulation, were examined in male beagle dogs. Eighty male dogs aged between 3 months and 16 years and bred in our laboratory were used under strictly controlled breeding conditions (temperature: 22 +/- 1 degree C, relative humidity: 55 +/- 5%, lighting time: 8:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m.). The level of T was measured by an RIA method. In order to examine the fluctuation in T level within a day, blood samples were obtained at 0:00, 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 in each of five dogs aged 1.7 and 2.1 years. T levels fluctuated with a regular pattern that was lowest at 12:00, and increased to a peak at 18:00-6:00, thereafter decreasing until 12:00. In order to examine the change in T level with age, blood samples were obtained at 9:00, 12:00 and 16:00 from 70 dogs aged between 3 months and 16 years. The regular diurnal pattern of T level was usually seen, and the levels at 12:00 were always low and did not fluctuate at any age except for 6 months, and 13, 14 and 16 years. The T level at 9:00 increased to reach a peak at 4 years, whereas that at 16:00 did so at 2 years. T levels at 9:00 were significantly higher at 4-12 and 14 years than at 3 months, and were higher at 4 years than at 9 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3240777 TI - Fertility in intersubspecific hybrids of laboratory mice (Mus musculus domesticus) and molossinus mice (M. m. molossinus). AB - We studied the reproductive performance of F1 and F2 hybrids of laboratory mice (C57BL/6, B6 and BALB/c) and molossinus mice (MOM and Mol-A). The F1 x F1 crosses were fully fertile. In the F2 x F2 crosses, the copulation rate was slightly lower and the pregnancy rate was markedly depressed: only 5 out of 18 copulated females (27.8%) became pregnant in the F2 hybrids derived from the reciprocal crosses of B6 x MOM, and in the F2 hybrids from BALB/c x Mol-A crosses, the pregnancy rate was 51.4% (18/35). This low fertility was attributed mainly to the F2 females, because there was a much lower pregnancy rate (56.5%; 26/46) in the (B6 x MOM)F2 female x B6 male crosses compared with the B6 female x (B6 x MOM)F2 male crosses (80.6%; 26/32). On the other hand, the pregnant F2 females were judged to have normal reproductive ability, based on observations of the numbers of corpora lutea, implantations and live fetuses at day 14 of pregnancy. Apparently there is segregation of fertile and sterile females at the F2 generation, but it remains to be determined how the loss of fertility is brought about in the sterile F2 females. PMID- 3240778 TI - [Ovicidal effects of heat and disinfectants on Syphacia muris estimated by in vitro hatching]. AB - The ovicidal effects of heat and various chemical disinfectants on an oxyurid rat nematode Syphacia muris were investigated, using the hatching methods in artificial intestinal juice. The eggs were collected from the perianal skin of spontaneously infected rats by means of a piece of transparent adhesive tapes, and these eggs were treated with each disinfectant for two hours. It was found that 70% ethanol and 80 degrees C 30 min treatments killed almost all of the eggs. However, a small number of the eggs tested was killed by 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate or 0.05% benzethonium chloride. Alcide, 3% saponated cresol solution, 50% isopropanol, 10 ppm sodium hypochlorite and 5 ppm iodophol had some effects against the eggs, but they didn't kill the eggs completely. A biological assay through infection of the eggs to rats might be necessary because the effects of 2% formalin on the eggs were not determined by the hatching methods. PMID- 3240779 TI - Behavioral characteristics in mice with brain lesions induced by hypertonic saline. AB - Behavioral and histopathological characteristics were studied in mice treated repeatedly with hypertonic saline. In passive avoidance response using a step through-type shuttle box, the mice treated with hypertonic saline showed shorter latency than control mice. No changes were observed in active avoidance response using a two-way-type shuttle box, spontaneous motor activity or motor function. Histopathological examination revealed marked and frequent degeneration and loss of neurons in the hippocampus as compared with animals after single treatment. The animals with severe hippocampal lesions showed impairment of passive avoidance response. The present brain lesions resulting from repeated treatment with hypertonic saline in mice are considered to be a possible model for memory disorders caused by hippocampal lesions in humans. PMID- 3240780 TI - Genetical and histological studies on a mouse displaying microphthalmia and cataract. AB - A male mouse displaying bilateral microphthalmia and cataract was found among the offspring of pregnant Slc: ICR mouse treated intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg methylnitrosourea on gestational day 4. This mutant has been maintained by brother-sister mating. By the mating test with normal Slc: ICR mice, this character was revealed to be inherited by an autosomal single recessive gene. Linkage test with the brown locus showed that this mutant gene is linked with the B gene and mapped on chromosome 4. The histological study of the eyes of adult mutant mice revealed various abnormalities all over the eyes, especially in the lens and neural retina. Embryologically, the mutant mice showed persistent connection between the lens vesicle and the surface ectoderm by a cellular stalk, and also the formation of retinal infolding, in the early stages of eye development. Both were considered to be responsible for the consequent abnormal development and degradation of the lens. These results suggest that the mutant mouse we found may be an allele of the dysgenetic lens (dyl) reported by Sanyal and Hawkins. PMID- 3240782 TI - Histochemical and cytochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase in the cerebellar cortex of the chicken. AB - The localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was studied in the cerebellar cortex of the crossbred trembler chickens by means of histo- and cytochemical methods. No essential differences between the crossbred normal and the crossbred trembler chickens were observed. The common results were as follows: Under a light microscope AChE activity was predominantly evident in the molecular layer, and secondly in the granular layer. AChE was ultrastructurally distributed principally in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in a part of nuclear envelope of the Purkinje, the Golgi and some of the basket and granule cells, and in a portion of the sacculus of the Golgi apparatus of the Purkinje cell only. In dendrites and the initial axon of the Purkinje cells the smooth ER also showed AChE activity. Although dendritic terminals of the Golgi cells contained AChE reaction products, the axon terminal did not. Some of the afferent terminal fibers forming the cerebellar glomerulus exhibited weakly a positive AChE reaction, while others in the vicinity did not show any AChE activity at all. However, the enzyme reaction product was localized in the intercellular spaces between a presynaptic afferent terminal and the postsynaptic granule cell dendritic terminals in the glomerulus. In addition, AChE activity was found in the form of spots in the intercellular spaces of both molecular and granular layers. PMID- 3240781 TI - [Effect of gonadectomy on the onset of diabetic syndrome in the female WBN/Kob rats]. AB - Almost all the male animals of WBN/Kob rat strain show the diabetic syndrome whereas none of the female animals develop such diseased conditions even at elder age. We investigated the effect of sex hormones on the onset of diabetic syndrome of this rat strain by comparing the results of body weight gain and various clinical tests such as glucose tolerance, serum biochemistry and histopathology of spayed female rats with those of non-treated and sham-operated female animals kept until 88-week-old. Non-treated and sham-operated female animals had shown no abnormal result even at 88-week-old. Spayed female animals began to reveal glucosuria associated with polydipsia and polyuria from 72-week-old, and gradually developed emaciation and cataract. Increased body weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance and lasting hyperglycemia were observed prior to the onset of the symptoms. Pancreatic changes consisted of atrophy of acinar tissue and atrophy or disappearance of islet tissue attributable to clinical data also were detected in spayed female animals. These diabetic syndrome and pancreatic change were analogous to those of aged male WBN/Kob rats but the onset of spayed females was delayed and less severe. Present results suggest that female sex hormones are protective from the onset of diabetic syndrome of WBN/Kob rats. PMID- 3240783 TI - Pathogenicities of two CAR bacillus strains in mice and rats. AB - Two strains of CAR bacillus from a mouse (CB-M) and a rat (CB-R) which were passaged 11th in embryonated chicken eggs via the allantoic route were inoculated intranasally in ICR mice and Wistar rats. The histopathological changes and the localization of the CAR bacillus in the tracheas and lungs of these animals were investigated microscopically 2, 4 and 8 weeks postinoculation (PI). Histopathological changes similar to those in natural cases of CAR bacillus infection, showing severe peribronchial lymphoid cuffing, were first recognized 4 weeks PI. CAR bacillus was also found on the cilia of the respiratory epithelium. These histopathological changes were more remarkable in mice inoculated with CB-M and in rats inoculated with CB-R. PMID- 3240784 TI - [Differences of behavioral rhythms observed by flat cage and running-wheel cage in female rat]. AB - The ambulatory, wheel-running, and drinking activities were measured in Wistar Imamichi strain female rats under 12 L:12 D condition (6:00-18:00), using Gundai type ambulo-drinkometer (for simultaneous measurements of ambulation and drinking) and wheel-drinkometer (for simultaneous measurements of wheel-running and drinking) to compare the rhythmicities of each behavioral activity. These apparatuses are able to measure the behavioral activities over a long period, successively and automatically. The circadian patterns of ambulatory activity had two large peaks at 21 or 24:00 and at 6:00 (acrophase). Contrary to the above results, the wheel-running activity exhibited clear mono-peak at 21:00 (acrophase). Thus, apparent differences of the pattern were observed between the two activities. However, ambulatory and wheel-running activities fluctuated showing 4-days rhythmicity, and both activities increased in estrus and proestrus stages, respectively. The circadian rhythms of drinking activities measured by both apparatuses showed almost same patterns with acrophases at 6:00, and 4-days rhythmicities were also observed and were characterized by remarkable decrease of activity in every proestrus stages. From these results, it is concluded that circadian pattern of ambulatory activity is different from that of wheel-running activity, but circadian patterns of drinking activities are stable regardless of different methods of the measurement. The ambulatory, wheel-running and drinking activities reflect the behavioral changes in sexual cycles. PMID- 3240785 TI - The influence of the hour of the day on the performance of male rats in water multiple T-maze. AB - The performance of male SD rats in the water multiple T-maze was tested at 2 different times of the day: during the dark phase from 1900 to 2100, the elapsed time between the entry into water and the arrival at ramp was significantly shorter and the number of errors significantly less in comparison with the results of another group of male rats allowed to swim during the light phase from 0700 to 0900. However, only the acceptance of information was retarded, while the keeping of memory remained unaffected. PMID- 3240786 TI - [Urinary total polyamines levels in estrous cycle and during pregnancy in female rats]. AB - Urinary total polyamines; putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine, levels were determined in the estrous cycle and during the pregnancy in female Wistar rats. Urinary total polyamines level in 12 estrous cycles in 4 female rats revealed the definite cyclic changes, showing high levels at estrous and low levels at diestrous stage. After the ovariectomy those cyclic changes disappeared. Urinary total polyamines levels were constantly low during the first half of the pregnancy of 8 female rats, whereas the levels increase abruptly from 10 days before parturition. After fetusectomy at 15th and 17th days of the pregnancy, those levels decreased gradually. These data suggested that the urinary total polyamines levels were closely related with the pituitary-ovarian function and the growth of fetus of rats. PMID- 3240787 TI - [Cell infiltration in various organ and dilatation of the urinary tubule in NON mice]. AB - The non-obese non-diabetic (NON) mouse, which shows no glycosuria, is a subline of the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Cellular infiltrations in various organs were observed by light and electron microscopy in both sexes from 30 to 300 days after birth. These infiltrations were found in the kidney, pancreas, mandibular gland, parotid gland, exorbital lacrimal gland, and thyroid gland, but not in the adrenal gland, sublingual gland, testis and ovary. The infiltrating cells were mononuclear cells, mostly small lymphocytes. The population and frequency of these cellular infiltrations were weak generally; especially the infiltration into the pancreatic islet, which was very weak compared with that in NOD mice. Dilation of the proximal tubule occurred only in the females at 60 days or more after birth and it gradually increased with age. Numerous acidophil bodies appeared in the epithelial cells and the lumen of these dilated urinary tubules. These bodies were PAS-positive and stained with MT, and They had electron-dense complex structures. PMID- 3240788 TI - [Serial copulatory behavior of male hamsters and rats]. AB - The copulatory behavior of mammalian males is generally characterized by the male's repeated approaches to and mounting of the female. The mounting behavior can lead to intromission, and after several intromissions, an ejaculation occurs. Following ejaculation, the male refrains from sexual activity for a period of time, the so-called "post-ejaculatory interval (PEI)". Most mammals will return to copulate again. Both male hamsters and rats were used and each animal performed five series of copulations with a proestrous female. From the 1st to 5th series of copulations the hamsters showed a shorter PEI than the rats. In addition, the PEI of the hamsters showed no change after each ejaculation, while the rats gradually showed a significantly increased PEI during the five series of copulations. PMID- 3240789 TI - [Strain identification using mandible measurements in Japanese white rabbits]. PMID- 3240790 TI - Morphology of tissue damage due to experimental cerebral ischemia in rats. AB - Two models of experimental cerebral ischemia in rats were developed and used. The first model was permanent occlusion of both carotids up to 3 weeks, the second model the temporal occlusion of both carotids and systemic hypotension for 10 min. Rats treated by the first experimental set were investigated after one, 2 and 3 weeks. In all groups, about 40% of so treated animals had territorial infarcts, often more than one in the animal in question. These infarcts developed from necrotic, pale areas to ischemic cysts and this copied the evolution of human territorial infarction. Astroglial reaction was only seen in the border zone. In the second model, rats preferentially developed, as known, the so called delayed ganglion cell necrosis in the field CA 1 of the hippocampus. Cells were not altered on the second, but damaged on the sixth day after experimental ischemia. In both models the hippocampus was damaged, however in the first the damages were morphologically distinct from the damage in carotid occlusion in systemic hypotension. The first experimental model suits better for human territorial infarction, the second is highly reproducible and thus provides a much better experimental tool. PMID- 3240791 TI - Sinusoidal dilatation of the liver in patients on oral contraceptives. Electron microscopical study of 14 cases. AB - Electron microscopic studies on sinusoidal dilatation of the liver were reported in 14 patients on oral contraceptives. The architecture of dilated sinusoids was preserved together with a striking perisinusoidal fibrosis. Proliferation and enhanced activity of sinusoidal endothelial cells and of perisinusoidal cells could be observed. The lumen of the dilated sinusoids was empty with no extravasation of the erythrocytes. The changes were different from peliosis hepatis described in association with the taking of androgenic-anabolic steroids. PMID- 3240792 TI - The ability of cultivated human skin fibroblasts to store vitamin A. A contribution to the cytogenesis of the Ito cells of the liver. AB - Cultivated skin fibroblasts were fed with retinol palmitate in a dosage of 100,000, 200,000, or 300,000 I.U. In dependence on the dosage a remarkable uptake and storage of vitamin A can be observed in vitro (27.2, 53.0 or 60.7% of the fibroblasts). Distinctly retinol palmitate storing cells have lost their typical fibroblast-like appearance and are transformed into cells which are comparable to the Ito cells of the liver from the cytomorphological point of view. PMID- 3240793 TI - [Determination of diameters (vertical, horizontal), areas of optic cup, optic disk and neuroretinal area of normal persons]. PMID- 3240794 TI - A simple system for the clinical grading of lens opacities. PMID- 3240795 TI - [Clinical study of posterior chamber lens implantation (a report of 35 cases)]. PMID- 3240796 TI - [Intraocular lens implantation (117 eyes)]. PMID- 3240797 TI - [Systemic diseases in senile cataract patients]. PMID- 3240798 TI - [Observation of electroretinogram on patients with central retinal vein occlusion]. PMID- 3240799 TI - Therapeutic problems in ocular hypertension. PMID- 3240800 TI - [VEP in the follow up of patients with optic neuritis]. PMID- 3240801 TI - [Toxic optic neuritis with ethambutol]. PMID- 3240802 TI - [Von Hippel disease (report of 7 cases)]. PMID- 3240803 TI - [Analysis of the causes of failure in surgery in retinal detachment in 82 cases]. PMID- 3240804 TI - [Nd:YAG laser surgery of the vitreous]. PMID- 3240805 TI - [Comparison of the stereovisual acuity, Randot stereotests, Frisby stereotest, Wirt test, TNO test of 442 normal children with stereovisual test chart]. PMID- 3240806 TI - [The clinical application of closed-type intraocular microsurgery--30 cases of extraction of intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 3240807 TI - [X-rays diagnosis of nonmetallic intraocular foreign bodies]. PMID- 3240808 TI - [The analyses of corneal stromal foreign bodies in 125 cases]. PMID- 3240809 TI - [Idiopathic preretinal membrane]. PMID- 3240810 TI - [Treatment of retinal detachment due to macular holes without application of any form of energy--scleral sling technique]. PMID- 3240811 TI - [Cellular immunity in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]. PMID- 3240812 TI - [Improved interpupillary distance measurement]. PMID- 3240813 TI - [Ocular posterior aging degeneration syndrome]. PMID- 3240814 TI - [The visual function in aging macular degeneration]. PMID- 3240815 TI - [The genetic study of retinoblastoma]. PMID- 3240816 TI - [Points that should be noticed in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma]. PMID- 3240817 TI - [The observation and analysis of congenital aniridia]. PMID- 3240819 TI - New eye problems in the modern age of computers. PMID- 3240818 TI - [The coincidence of ocular diseases in monozygotic twins]. PMID- 3240820 TI - [Determination of human fetal lens protein with gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)]. PMID- 3240821 TI - [The significance of testing preoperative visual function in cataract with laser interferometric visual acuity and ERG]. PMID- 3240822 TI - [Microangio-architecture of optic disc]. PMID- 3240823 TI - [Preliminary experiment in human corneal endothelial transplantation]. PMID- 3240824 TI - [The measurement of corneal diameters in Chinese normal infants]. PMID- 3240825 TI - [Treatment of necrotising scleritis]. PMID- 3240826 TI - [Metastatic carcinoma of the choroid, sclera and optic nerve: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural diagnosis]. PMID- 3240827 TI - [Esophageal carcinoma metastatic to the choroid]. PMID- 3240828 TI - Solid state characterization and solubility enhancement of loperamide hydrochloride. PMID- 3240829 TI - Synthesis and photobiological activity of new N,N-disubstituted 4-amino-3 chloroangelicins. AB - The synthesis of a series of new N,N-disubstituted 4-amino-3-chloroangelicins (4 amino-3-chloro-2H-furo[2,3-h]-1-benzopyran-2-ones) starting from N,N disubstituted (E)-5-aminomethylene-6,7-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-4(5H)-ones is described. Their capacity of inhibiting DNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by U.V.-A light irradiation as well as their phototoxic activity on guinea pig skin have been studied and the data computed by probit analysis; the results are discussed in the light of the modifications introduced in the molecular structure. PMID- 3240830 TI - [Synthesis and antidepressive effects of diaryl-4,6-amino-3-pyridazine analogs of minaprine]. AB - The reaction of 3-chloro pyridazines with various amines led to a series of minaprine analogues. Most of them exhibited significant antidepressant activity. The influence of the substituents attached to the pyridazine ring was discussed. PMID- 3240831 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacologic activity of 3-quinolizidine-1'-yl-5-R-indoles]. AB - By acid action on the mixture of homolupinal diethylacetal and arylhydrazines several 3-quinolizidin-1'-yl-5-R-indoles (III a - III e) were prepared. The homolupinal diethylacetal, whose hydrolysis gives rise to the unknown aldehyde, was obtained through the action of lupinylmagnesium chloride on diethylphenylorthoformate. Compounds (III) were subjected to wide pharmacological screening; all of them exhibited calcium blocking, negative cardioinotropic and diuretic activities, while single compounds showed antiinflammatory (III d), anticonvulsant and hypoglycemic (III e) activities. PMID- 3240832 TI - Compounds with potential antitumor activity. VI--2-Alkyl-3-[2-(1,3,4 thiadiazolyl)]-4-thiazolidinones. AB - The antitumor activity of a series of 2-alkyl-3-[2-(1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)]-4 thiazolidinones was tested against the leukemic P 388 tumor system in mice. Only compounds (V-VII) showed significant activity. PMID- 3240833 TI - Incidence of end-stage renal disease in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians. AB - The incidence of end-stage renal disease was determined in the Pima Indians of the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona, a population with a high prevalence of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Between 1975 and 1986, from a study population of 5059 subjects, end-stage renal disease occurred in 80 persons, 76 (95%) of whom had Type 2 diabetes. A review of the cases with end stage renal disease indicated that among the diabetic subjects only two cases could be attributed to nondiabetic renal disease; all other cases were attributable to diabetic nephropathy. In diabetic Pima Indians the incidence rate of end-stage renal disease did not change during the study period, was similar in men and women, and was not effected by age at diagnosis of diabetes or by attained age, but did increase significantly with hypertension (p less than 0.05). The incidence of end-stage renal disease attributed to diabetic nephropathy increased from 0 cases/1000 person-years at 0-5 years to 40.8 cases/1000 person-years at greater than or equal to 20 years duration of diabetes. In these subjects with Type 2 diabetes, the incidence rate of end-stage renal disease was similar to that in subjects with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes who were followed at the Joslin Clinic in Boston, Massachusetts when those with similar duration of diabetes were compared. PMID- 3240834 TI - Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease- putative association via common antecedents; further evidence from the Whitehall Study. AB - Fifteen year mortality rates are reported for men participating in the Whitehall Study in 1968-70. Subjects were divided into four groups normoglycaemic (centiles 1-95 of the blood glucose distribution: n = 17,051), glucose intolerant (centiles 96-100: n = 999), newly diagnosed diabetic patients (n = 56) and previously diagnosed diabetic patients (n = 121) treated with diet +/- tablets. Relative risks for all causes mortality and from coronary and cardiovascular disease deaths were calculated. Age adjusted relative risks were highest in the newly diagnosed diabetic patients and were also increased in glucose intolerant and previously diagnosed diabetic men (p less than 0.05), but did not increase with increasing duration of diabetes. With adjustment for other risk factors, relative risks were similar in newly diagnosed and previously diagnosed diabetic men. There was no significant linear trend of adjusted relative risks with duration of diabetes when all diabetic men were pooled and person years at risk calculated. The lack of effect of duration upon relative risk together with other observations suggests common, possibly genetic, antecedents of both Type 2 (non insulin-dependent) diabetes and coronary heart disease. PMID- 3240835 TI - The significance of the concordance rate for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in identical twins. AB - We studied prospectively 49 non-diabetic identical twins of recently-diagnosed Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients for up to 24 years (median 9 years). During this time 15 developed Type 1 diabetes. Actuarial analysis indicates that by 12 years 34% of the twins will have developed Type 1 diabetes and that thereafter only another 2% will do so. Inevitable bias in ascertainment of the twins makes it likely that the true figure is less. We conclude that factors which are not genetically determined must be important in the pathogenesis of the disease. The rates of developing Type 1 diabetes in the co-twins declines sharply in the years after diagnosis of the index twin, which suggests that the initiation of the process leading to Type 1 diabetes occurs within a finite, and not a prolonged, period. PMID- 3240836 TI - Oligonucleotide probes for HLA-DQA and DQB genes define susceptibility to type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. AB - We have typed 27 Caucasoid families for DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms and specific sequences using HLA class II specific cDNA, genomic and oligonucleotide probes. DNA haplotypes were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis that correlated with previously serologically-defined extended major histocompatibility haplotypes. These DNA haplotypes sort into positive, neutral or negative associations with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The DNA susceptibility haplotypes are even more simply and specifically defined by oligonucleotide probes for sequences of DQA and DQB genes. Our oligonucleotide probes define variabilities in nucleotide sequences coding for amino acid residues 26, 37 and 38 in the DQ beta-chain. Probes defining DQA sequences are also important for defining susceptibility since certain DQA genes appear to modify DQB susceptibility by conferring resistance. Thus, major histocompatibility conferred susceptibility to diabetes cannot be adequately explained by an amino acid change at a single position in the DQ beta-chain. These probes allow the direct identification of major histocompatibility susceptibility genes in Type 1 diabetes without the necessity of determining full haplotypes. PMID- 3240837 TI - The incidence of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in subjects aged 0 19 years in Luxembourg: a retrospective study from 1977 to 1986. AB - A decrease in the incidence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in the age group 0-14 years has been observed from north to south over north-western Europe. To evaluate whether this trend could be found in Luxembourg (a small country between the Netherlands and France) we performed a retrospective study over a period of 10 years. Information concerning all Type 1 diabetic patients (aged 0-19 years at diagnosis), diagnosed between January 1, 1977 and December 31, 1986 was obtained through paediatricians, internists, general practitioners and the Luxembourg Diabetes Association (LDA). The LDA was used as the ascertainment group (to estimate the real number and incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus). During the study period 91 Type 1 diabetic patients aged between 0-19 years were diagnosed. An incidence of 11.2 was found in boys (0-19 years). Girls in the same age group showed a considerably lower incidence of 8.8. Standardised incidence (using as standard the world population) revealed an almost similar incidence in the Netherlands and Luxembourg (respectively 10.3 and 10.2) for the age group aged 0-14 years. In France a considerably lower incidence is found (3.6). To what extent different methodology contributes to the differences remains to be clarified. Further prospective studies are necessary to investigate the role of environmental and genetic factors. PMID- 3240838 TI - Is resistance to ischaemic conduction failure induced by hypoxia? AB - Resistance to ischaemic conduction failure is a recognised but unexplained property of diabetic peripheral nerve. We have studied matched groups of control, diabetic, and non-diabetic hypoxic subjects (hypoxia: arterial oxygen tension less than or equal to 60 mm Hg (8 kPa) on at least one occasion and secondary to chronic lung disease). Similar resistance to ischaemia was seen in the hypoxic and diabetic groups compared with control subjects (p less than 0.001). The degree of resistance correlated with arterial oxygen tension at the time of testing (r = 0.72, p less than 0.01). In all individuals with acute exacerbations of hypoxia, the resistance to ischaemia was normalised with improvement of respiratory function (p less than 0.02). These results are compatible with the hypothesis that endoneurial hypoxia may be a factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 3240839 TI - Human erythrocyte sorbitol metabolism and the role of sorbitol dehydrogenase. AB - Rapid fluctuation of erythrocyte sorbitol in response to the changes in plasma glucose concentration has been reported from clinical evidence. We performed more extensive in vitro and in vivo studies focussing on how fast sorbitol was accumulated and how fast the accumulated sorbitol was oxidised in response to the changes in ambient glucose concentration. Incubation studies of intact erythrocytes from healthy subjects and diabetic patients showed that erythrocyte sorbitol increased rapidly in response to increased ambient glucose concentration and the accumulated sorbitol easily decreased according to the rapid reduction of ambient glucose concentration. In addition, the higher the glucose concentration in the medium, the more erythrocytes could accumulate sorbitol. The rapid response of sorbitol levels to ambient glucose concentration was further confirmed by the results of a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in non-diabetic subjects and diabetic patients with gastrectomy, who showed marked early hyperglycaemia caused by rapid absorption of ingested glucose and subsequent rapid reduction of plasma glucose concentration (erythrocyte sorbitol levels changed concomitantly). These findings strongly indicate that the measurement of erythrocyte sorbitol is not useful as an index of medium or long term glycaemic control. PMID- 3240841 TI - Linkage studies of maturity onset diabetes of the young--R.W. pedigree. PMID- 3240840 TI - Chronic exposure to high glucose decreases myo-inositol in cultured cerebral microvascular pericytes but not in endothelium. AB - It has been proposed that the development of diabetic complications may involve a depletion of cellular myo-inositol due to an increase in polyol (sorbitol) formation. We therefore initially examined the effect of diabetes on levels of these metabolites in isolated cerebral microvessels. Compared with microvessels from control rats, microvessels from diabetic animals showed no detectable alteration in myo-inositol levels and a small increase in sorbitol content. To assess whether myo-inositol depletion might occur in only certain microvascular cells, cultured bovine cerebral microvascular pericytes and endothelium were grown for 3 or 18-20 days at 1.1, 5.5, or 22.2 mmol/l glucose. Increased medium glucose concentration resulted in increased sorbitol content in both cell types after both periods of incubation (p less than 0.05). In contrast, a significant decrease in myo-inositol content (22%, p less than 0.01) was observed only in pericytes grown for 18-20 days in the high glucose medium. Neither the adenosine 5'-triphosphate content nor the adenosine 5'-triphosphate/adenosine 5' diphosphate (ATP/ADP) ratio of the pericytes was affected by the medium glucose concentration, indicating that the decrease in myo-inositol was not caused by a deficiency in the cellular energy state affecting the active transport of myo inositol. These data suggest that myo-inositol depletion occurs selectively in the pericyte, a cell type known to be the site of early morphological changes in diabetes. Furthermore, the depletion apparently requires prolonged exposure to high glucose and is not due to a change in energy state. PMID- 3240842 TI - Reduction of protein intake decreases glomerular filtration rate in young type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients mainly in hyperfiltering patients. AB - The influence of different protein intake on renal function was studied in 16 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, aged 15-23 years, with onset of diabetes before puberty and with a duration of diabetes between 5 and 20 years. The glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, albumin excretion rate, and blood pressure were examined in a cross-over randomised order after 10 days on isocaloric diets with either 10% (i.e. 0.9 +/- 0.06 g.kg-1.day-1) or 20% (1.9 +/- 0.1 g.kg-1.day-1) of the calories as protein, the latter being equal to the recommended diet. Dietary compliance was evaluated using fractional phosphate excretion and overnight urea excretion. Glomerular filtration rate was lower after the low-protein diet compared to the usual protein diet (p less than 0.001). Patients with glomerular filtration rate above +2 SD of the normal mean on the usual protein diet (n = 6) exhibited the steepest fall in glomerular filtration rate with a mean decrease of 20 ml/min compared to 7 ml/min in those with initially normal glomerular filtration (p = 0.01). Filtration fraction tended to decrease on low protein diet, more so in initially hyperfiltering patients (p = 0.09). Renal plasma flow remained unchanged. In patients with elevated glomerular filtration rate on usual protein diet, albumin excretion rate and systolic, but not diastolic blood pressure, were decreased on low protein diet (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively) but not in initially normal-filtering patients. Mean blood glucose and serum fructosamine were unchanged on both diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3240844 TI - Blood glucose may condition factor VII levels in diabetic and normal subjects. AB - Increased factor VII levels have been reported in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects. A direct correlation between fasting plasma glucose and factor VII level was found to exist in both diabetic and normal subjects. Induced hyperglycaemia was able to increase factor VII levels in both diabetic patients and normal control subjects while, when euglycaemia was achieved in diabetic patients, factor VII values returned to normal range. This study shows that the level of factor VII may be directly conditioned by circulating blood glucose and, therefore, stresses the role of hyperglycaemia in conditioning coagulation abnormalities in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3240843 TI - Presence of very low density lipoprotein compositional abnormalities in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients; effects of blood glucose optimisation. AB - Plasma lipoprotein compositional abnormalities were investigated in eight normolipidaemic (plasma cholesterol less than 5.70 mmol/l; triglyceride less than 2.03 mmol/l) young male Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (before and after a short period of optimised blood glucose control) and in nine healthy control subjects, matched for sex, age and body mass index. Free and esterified cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids were assayed in all lipoprotein classes (VLDL, IDL, LDL) and in HDL subclasses (HDL2 and HDL3); apoB was measured only in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). All VLDL constituents were increased in the diabetic group, the differences being more striking for apoB (6.0 +/- 1.1 mg/dl vs 2.0 +/- 0.1 mg/dl, p less than 0.02), free cholesterol (0.27 +/- 0.04 mmol/l vs 0.13 +/- 0.02 mmol/l, p less than 0.02) and esterified cholesterol (0.32 +/- 0.08 mmol/l vs 0.13 +/- 0.01 mmol/l, p less than 0.05). Also HDL subfractions showed differences between the two groups: all HDL2 constituents were increased, while in HDL3 only triglyceride was significantly increased (0.11 +/- 0.01 mmol/l vs 0.08 +/- 0.004 mmol/l, p less than 0.02). After two weeks of optimised blood glucose control all VLDL constituents were reduced and particularly: esterified cholesterol (-39%, p less than 0.02), free cholesterol (-37%, p less than 0.05), apoB (-35%, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3240845 TI - Urinary protein excretion rates in experimentally diabetic dogs and experimentally galactosaemic dogs. AB - The relationship between urinary protein excretion and control of diabetes was evaluated in alloxan-diabetic dogs prospectively assigned to poor, moderate, or good glycaemic control. Protein excretion rate increased with the duration of insulin deficiency, and was significantly greater than normal in the poor control group by the fourth year of diabetes. Appreciable differences in the severity of the proteinuria were observed among animals of the poor and moderate glycaemic control groups; some of the animals excreted in excess of 500 mg protein/24 h while others excreted no more than normal throughout the 5 years of study. Differences in glycaemic control among these insulin-deficient animals seem not sufficient to account for the observed differences in protein excretion. Immunoassay for albumin indicated that the defect resulting in supranormal protein excretion was at least partly glomerular in origin. Good glycaemic control prevented the protein loss from exceeding normal. A potential role of hyperglycaemia in the development of proteinuria was examined in nondiabetic dogs made experimentally hyperglycaemic with galactose. Consumption of a 30% galactose diet for up to 5 years duration had little influence on protein excretion. PMID- 3240846 TI - Effects of arginine vasotocin on water balance of three leiopelmatid frogs. AB - The effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) on water movements in three frogs of the anatomically primitive genus Leiopelma were compared in vivo and in vitro. Treatment with AVT in vivo (7 x 10(-13) mol/g body weight) led to significant water retention in the terrestrial species L. archeyi and L. hamiltoni, but not in the semiaquatic species L. hochstetteri. All three species showed increasing water retention over some part of the dose range 7 x 10(-15)-7 x 10(-11) mol/g. Isolated pelvic skin from L. archeyi and L. hamiltoni increased in osmotic water flow (OWF) in response to AVT, whereas that from L. hochstetteri did not. Dorsal skin from all three species, as well as pectoral skin from L. archeyi and L. hochstetteri, showed no hydroosmotic response to AVT. Isolated bladders of all species are small and showed small increases in OWF in response to AVT. Glomerular filtration rate in vivo was reduced significantly by AVT in L. archeyi and L. hamiltoni, but not in L. hochstetteri. These results show that water balance responses to AVT among the three species are correlated with habitat, and indicate that the absence of a cutaneous hydroosmotic response in L. hochstetteri is not a characteristic, primitive feature of the entire genus. PMID- 3240847 TI - Differentiation and development of the reproductive system in the iguanid lizard, Sceloporus undulatus. AB - Embryos of the lizard Sceloporus undulatus were sampled throughout incubation, and the differentiation and development of the reproductive system was documented histologically. The undifferentiated gonads possess both a cortex and medulla, both of which contain germ cells until embryonic stage 34. Beginning at stage 34, the cortex of the presumptive ovary thickens, and cortical germ cells are more abundant. By the time of hatching, the ovarian cortex is 6 to 10 cells thick and filled with oogonia and oocytes; primordial follicles, however, are not yet present. In males at embryonic stage 34, seminiferous tubules appear in the medulla of the testis, and Sertoli cells begin to differentiate. Seminiferous tubule formation is complete by hatching, and both Sertoli and Leydig cells are apparent. The mullerian ducts develop in both sexes but begin regressing in the male at embryonic stage 37. The wolffian ducts also develop in both sexes and are present in males and females at hatching. PMID- 3240848 TI - Neuroendocrine and juvenile hormone effects on fat body protein synthesis during the reproductive cycle in female Blaberus discoidalis cockroaches. AB - Ovarian protein content and fat body protein synthesis were measured during the first gonotrophic cycle in virgin female Blaberus discoidalis cockroaches. Protein synthesis was measured for in vitro fat bodies from animals treated with combinations of a juvenile hormone analog (JHA = methoprene) and corpora cardiaca (CC) extracts. Ovarian protein content began to increase on Day 5 of adult life and reached its maximum at Days 20-22. Synthesis of proteins secreted by the in vitro fat body increased by 12-fold between emergence and its maximum on Day 18, then declined to nearly its original level by Day 33. Synthesis of nonsecreted, fat body proteins increased by 4-fold between emergence and a maximum on Day 21, then declined. CC extracts and JHA were administered to decapitated females to determine their regulative effects on fat body protein synthesis. The synthesis by the fat body of nonsecreted proteins was increased by both JHA and CC extracts. In contrast, synthesis of secreted proteins increased only in the presence of JHA. CC extracts, alone, had no effects on the synthesis of secreted proteins, but administration of CC extracts in combination with JHA increased the synthesis of the secreted proteins by 55% above that observed with JHA alone. SDS PAGE of proteins secreted into the medium by the in vitro fat body demonstrated that JHA stimulated the synthesis of specific polypeptides, whereas CC extracts did not affect the synthesis of specific-secreted polypeptides. These results suggest that JH regulates specific protein synthesis by the fat body of B. discoidalis; neurohormones elevate the general capacity of the fat body for protein synthesis and amplify the specific effects of JH. PMID- 3240849 TI - Aromatase activity in brain and pituitary of immature and mature Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr. AB - Brain homogenates from Atlantic salmon parr converted tritiated androstenedione to testosterone, estrone, and 17 beta-estradiol. The formation of estrogens was markedly higher in homogenates of whole brains from mature parr males than from immature parr males. The highest estrogen synthesis was found in the telencephalon and diencephalon. In both of these parts the estrogen production was higher in mature males than in immature males. There was no difference in estrogen formation by pituitaries from immature female and immature male parr, whereas the formation of estrogens and testosterone was higher in the mature male parr. PMID- 3240850 TI - The presence of a pregnenolone-binding factor in the copulatory organ of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. & F. AB - The presence of binding sites for nonecdysteroid steroids was investigated in the cytosol of several tissues of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides. Binding of androgens was not observed. Most tissues, however, showed nonsaturable binding of estrogens and in some tissues saturable progestin binding could be demonstrated. A pregnenolone binder, that was found to be present in the male copulatory organ, was further studied. It showed a dissociation constant of 4.4 (+/- 1.6) X 10(-8) M. This is the first report of a nonecdysteroid steroid-binding factor in an insect tissue. PMID- 3240851 TI - Corpus allatum and corpus cardiacum regulation of long hyaline gland protein synthesis in the male grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes. AB - Rates of accumulation of, and radiolabel incorporation into, the major secretory product of the long hyaline gland, a glycoprotein LHPI, were used to examine the role of the corpus allatum (CA) and corpus cardiacum (CC) in the regulation of protein synthesis in the accessory reproductive gland of the male grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes. Incorporation of [35S]methionine into LHPI in vitro indicated that LHPI was an endogenous long hyaline gland protein, whose in vivo synthesis in allatectomized animals was stimulated by topical application of juvenile hormone (JH) III. This response was not dependent on the presence of the extrinsic lobe of the CC, the CC/brain complex, or on continued feeding and suggests a direct effect of JH on the gland. Severance of the nervi corporis allati I and II reduced accumulation of LHPI but unilateral CA removal did not, perhaps because of a compensatory activation of the remaining CA. Normal postcopulatory stimulation of LHPI accumulation was abolished by allatectomy. These results suggest that the physiological level of JH may regulate LHPI synthesis. Corpus cardiacum effects were small in comparison to those of the CA; they were evident only in cardiacectomized animals that were allatectomized also and exerted over prolonged periods when the animals continued to feed. Endocrine manipulations produced no qualitative changes in long hyaline gland LHPI immunoreactive protein, only quantitative ones. PMID- 3240852 TI - Oviposition pattern of Japanese quail following hypothalamic lesioning with super absorbent polymer. AB - The functions of two hypothalamic areas in controlling the female reproductive cycle were investigated by the intracerebral injection of a new type of water absorbent polymer of high capacity (super-absorbent polymer). After injection of a minute amount of the polymer into the brain tissue, bulging of the polymer produces a discrete lesion at the site of injection. Two lines (T- and J-lines) of Japanese quail were used; T-line, having a characteristic free-running oviposition pattern irrespective of the environmental 14L10D, and J-line, having a regular oviposition pattern which synchronized with 14L10D. Lesions at the preoptic area were without effect in birds of J-line, but the oviposition of T line was changed from free-running to regular. Lesions at the posterodorsal part of the infundibular complex were without effect in T-line, but the regular oviposition pattern of J-line became free-running. These results suggest that relative dominancy between the two hypothalamic areas may determine basic pattern of oviposition through modification of the ovulation cycle. PMID- 3240853 TI - Progesterone down-regulation of nuclear estrogen receptor: a fundamental mechanism in birds and mammals. AB - Progesterone is known to selectively down-regulate nuclear estrogen receptor (Re) in the mammalian uterus, and this process is functionally related to embryo retention. It is unclear if this mechanism is operative in the chick oviduct, where egg retention does not occur. We investigated the regulation of Re by progesterone in a mammalian model (proestrous hamster uterus) and an avian model (DES-primed chick oviduct), under the same assay conditions, in an effort to compare progesterone action in viviparous and oviparous species. Nuclear and cytosol estrogen receptor were measured with an assay employing pyridoxal 5' phosphate (PLP). The PLP assay has the advantage of allowing exchange at low temperature, which results in improved receptor recovery, especially from the nuclear fraction. Parallel studies were done under two different hormonal settings, estrogen primed and estrogen + progesterone primed. Experiments were: (1) response of Re to acute progesterone treatment (5 mg progesterone, 4 hr) in estrogen-primed preparation, (2) time course of the Re down-regulation response (4, 8, and 12 hr after progesterone treatment), and (3) recovery of Re after progesterone withdrawal in estrogen + progesterone-primed preparation. Chick oviduct contained little cytosol Re (0.96 +/- 0.32 pmol/g tissue) compared to hamster uterus (4.27 +/- 0.15 pmol/g tissue), and progesterone treatment had no effect on cytosol Re levels in either species. Nuclear Re levels were similar for chick oviduct (2.68 +/- 0.14 pmol/g tissue) and hamster uterus (2.64 +/- 0.14 pmol/g tissue). Progesterone treatment reduced nuclear Re levels in both the hamster uterus and chick oviduct to about 50% of control levels. In the chick oviduct, down-regulation was transient, as evidenced by complete recovery of nuclear Re to control levels by 12 hr after progesterone administration. In the estrogen + progesterone-primed chick oviduct, nuclear Re increased within 6 hr after progesterone withdrawal and approached maximal levels by 12 hr. These data indicate that progesterone rapidly and selectively down-regulates the nuclear form of Re in the chick oviduct as in the hamster uterus. Thus, the regulation of Re by progesterone appears to be similar in the mammalian uterus and the chick oviduct, despite the basic differences in reproductive strategy between birds and mammals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3240854 TI - Seasonal variations in oviductal activity, extensibility, and tensile strength in Chrysemys picta. AB - In vivo and in vitro myometrial activity, tissue extensibility, and tensile strength were measured during the annual cycle of the female turtle Chrysemys picta. Contractile rate, in vivo and in vitro, increased to a maximum in the periovulatory period, but contractile strength in vitro was inversely proportional to rate, being least in the periovulatory period. Initial oviductal circumference was highest in April and lowest in September. Although extensibility varied little, this parameter was inversely proportional to the initial circumference. Tensile strength was greatest in midwinter and least in postovulatory animals. The results are discussed in relationship to the known seasonal endocrine cycle and suggest important hormonal (estrogen, progesterone) effects upon egg retention and egg laying in this species. PMID- 3240855 TI - A possible role for the eyes in the photoperiodic response of quail. AB - The effects of blinding on the photoperiodic responses of male Japanese quail were investigated by measuring plasma luteinizing-hormone (LH) concentrations in intact and castrated birds. Blinded birds were still able to respond to short and long days with appropriate changes in LH levels, suggesting that the basic photoperiodic mechanisms do not require retinal photoreception. However, there were clear-cut differences between blinded and sighted birds with the LH levels being higher in blinded quail. This difference between blinded and sighted was greater in short than in long days, and was also enhanced by castration. In conclusion we propose that short day information transmitted by the eyes has an inhibitory effect for LH secretion independent from sex steroid negative feedback effects in quail. PMID- 3240856 TI - Theoretical study of transmembrane and extracellular potentials under propagation block due to geometrical inhomogeneity. AB - A mathematical model was used to study transmembrane and extracellular potentials produced by active geometrically inhomogeneous excitable structures under conditions of propagation block. The structures were electrical analogues of intact or damaged unmyelinated nerve fibres, of the soma to axon transition, or of branching axons or dendrites. It was shown that: (1) damage to a cell is equivalent to the presence of a geometrical inhomogeneity, namely of a region of increased diameter; (2) propagation block caused by a geometrical inhomogeneity, results in; (a) a sharp decrease in the calculated transmembrane potential amplitude not only for the blocked region but also before it; (b) a considerable increase in the amplitude of both the negative phase of extracellular potentials at the points of the volume conductor preceding the blocked region and the first positive phase at points in the proximity of the region; (c) a more pronounced increase in the first positive phase amplitude at small radial distances, if the geometrical inhomogeneity is short compared with the length constant (gamma); (3) the membrane damage results in recording of potentials resembling "giant" ones. PMID- 3240857 TI - Effect of ion adsorption on the electrokinetic properties of erythrocytes. AB - The microelectrophoresis technique was used to determine the dependence of human erythrocyte surface potential on the concentration of various cations and anions. The interpretation of the results is based on the Gouy--Chapman--Stern theory. Values of pK, characterizing the binding of ions to the external surface of erythrocytes, as well as numbers of binding sites per unit area were determined. The affinities of ions for the red cell membrane were shown to decrease in the sequence: H+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Mg2+ greater than Ba2+ greater than Li+ greater than Na+ congruent to congruent to K+ congruent to NH4+ and trinitrophenol greater than IO4- greater than CIO4- greater than salicylate congruent to I- greater than greater than SCN- greater than H2PO4- greater than Br- greater than Cl- greater than HPO4(2-). Changes in the ionic strength of the medium resulted in changes in numbers of exposed ion-binding sites. This phenomenon is interpreted in terms of ionic strength-dependent structural transformations of the cell surface coat. PMID- 3240858 TI - The lateral order of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine model membranes in the presence of N-alkyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium ions as studied by Raman spectroscopy. AB - Effects of N-alkyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium ions with different alkyl substituents (hexyl, nonyl, dodecyl, and octadecyl) on the lateral packing of lipids in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) dispersions in H2O was investigated by Raman spectroscopy in a spectral region of 2800--3100 cm-1 at temperatures between 22--70 degrees C. The lateral order parameter Slat calculated by empirical equation reveals that the addition of the ions decreases the lateral ordering of lipid hydrocarbon chains in the gel phase, while in the liquid crystalline state the lateral ordering is increased. In addition, this observation is supported by decomposition of the spectra into component bands using a computer fitting program. This enabled to follow changes in individual band parameters (position, amplitude, and height) in dependence on temperature and/or additives. The results suggest that N-alkyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium ions have a condensing effect on DPPC bilayer in the liquid crystalline state, the effect increasing with the increasing length of the alkyl substituent. PMID- 3240859 TI - A muscle-specific enhancer is located at the 3' end of the myosin light-chain 1/3 gene locus. AB - Two skeletal myosin light chains, MLC1 and MLC3, are generated from a single gene by transcription from two different promoters and alternate splicing of the pre mRNAs. To define DNA sequences involved in MLC transcriptional control, we constructed a series of plasmid vectors in which segments of the rat MLC locus were linked to a CAT gene and assayed for expression in muscle and nonmuscle cells. Whereas sequences proximal to the two MLC promoters do not appear to contain tissue-specific regulatory elements, a 0.9-kb DNA segment, located greater than 24 kb downstream of the MLC1 promoter, dramatically increases CAT gene expression in differentiated myotubes but not in undifferentiated myoblasts or nonmuscle cells. The ability of this segment to activate gene expression to high levels, in a distance-, promoter-, position-, and orientation-independent way, defines it as a strong muscle-specific enhancer element. PMID- 3240860 TI - On the role of homologous sequences in chromosomal rearrangements. AB - Deletions and other chromosomal rearrangements can be generated by recombination between repeated sequences. It has been shown in a number of systems that the probability of exchange or gene conversion decreases with increasing distance between repeats. This paper examines the question of how repeats find each other, using deletion formation in bacteriophage T4 as a model system. Homologous sequences adjacent to the repeats can either stimulate or inhibit recombination, depending on their orientation. I present evidence that the spatial separation between repeats is the key determinant of the distance dependence and conclude that adjacent homologous sequences affect recombination by aligning chromosomes so as to position the recombining sites either closer together or farther apart. Analogous examples of apparent 'targeting' by homologous sequences in eukaryotes and other prokaryotes are noted. PMID- 3240862 TI - Organization and nucleotide sequence of genes at both junctions between the two inverted repeats and the large single-copy region in the rice chloroplast genome. AB - We describe the isolation and organization, at the nucleotide sequence level, of genes located at the two junctions of the large single-copy region (LSCR) and the two inverted repeats (IRA and IRB) in the rice chloroplast genome. This is the first example where the two junctions are precisely located in a monocot. In rice, a ribosomal protein gene cluster, rpl23-rpl2-rps19, which codes for the ribosomal proteins L23 (rpl23), L2 (rpl2) and S19 (rps19), lies at the ends of the two IRs near the LSCR. The inverted repeats end 45 bp from the translation stop codon of rps19. The gene for the 32-kDa photosystem II protein, psbA, is located at the extremity of the LSCR near IRA, and transcribed towards IRA. The translation stop codon of psbA is 68 bp from the right-hand junction (JLA). Thus, JLA is located within the intergenic sequence of the two genes, rps19 and psbA. Around the left-hand junction (JLB), there is a typical ribosomal protein gene cluster, rpl23-rpl2-rps19-rpl22 (rpl22 for the ribosomal protein L22). The translation start codon of rpl22 is located in the LSCR 25 bp from JLB. Therefore, JLB is located within the intergenic sequence between rps19 and rpl22. PMID- 3240861 TI - Gene activities and segmental patterning in Drosophila: analysis of odd-skipped and pair-rule double mutants. AB - The odd-skipped (odd) gene is required to generate anterior regions of the odd numbered segments in Drosophila; homozygous embryos show pattern deletions that are always less than a segment in width and are associated with mirror-image duplications of adjacent regions. To define further the role of odd and determine how it interacts with other segmentation genes, we have described the effects of combining odd with mutations at other pair-rule loci. We have observed phenotypic suppression in double-mutant combinations with even-skipped (eve), paired, sloppy paired, and engrailed (en). In the most thoroughly characterized combination (odd eve), both naked cuticle and specific denticle rows are restored that would normally have been deleted by one of the two mutants alone. In the odd en double mutant, we observe nearly complete suppression of the odd phenotype, such that the mirror image duplications are eliminated and the odd-numbered denticle bands are restored. We conclude that the requirements of pattern elements for specific gene activities are not absolute, and propose mechanisms by which these genes interact to specify cell fates. PMID- 3240863 TI - The transcriptionally active human ribosomal protein S17 gene. AB - A human ribosomal protein S17 cDNA [Chen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83 (1986) 6907-6911] was used to isolate four S17 DNA clones from human genomic libraries constructed in bacteriophage lambda and cosmid vectors. Based on its transcriptional activity in a transient expression assay and on sequence similarity with S17 cDNA, cosmid clone HGS17-6 was identified as carrying the functional RPS17 gene. RPS17 is composed of five exons and four introns that span 4 kb of DNA. Two lambda clones of human genomic DNA were recognized as containing processed S17 pseudogenes, because (i) they were transcriptionally inactive in the transient assay, and (ii) they possess multiple, perfectly spliced RPS17 exons. Their coding sequences differ slightly from the cDNA and functional genomic clone. PMID- 3240864 TI - Molecular analysis of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase gene. AB - The basidiomycete fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium produces a number of extracellular peroxidases which appear to be important for lignin degradation. We present here the isolation and complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of a gene (lpo) coding for lignin peroxidase (LPO), the coding region of which is identical to a lpo cDNA sequence which had previously been described [M. Tien and C.-P.D. Tu, Nature 326 (1987) 520-523]. The deduced amino acid (aa) sequence corresponds to 372 aa residues and the coding region is interrupted by eight short introns that range in size from 50 to 62 nt. Southern blot experiments using the cloned lpo gene as hybridization probe revealed a complex restriction fragment pattern, indicating that there are a number of lpo-related nucleotide sequences present in P. chrysosporium DNA which cross-hybridize. We also present data on the in vivo expression of the lpo genes and show that they are regulated at the RNA level and that the structure of the transcripts as judged from S1 experiments is complex. These data are consistent with the idea that there are a number of related lpo genes in P. chrysosporium which constitute a gene family. PMID- 3240865 TI - Primary structure of a hormonally regulated beta-glucanase of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. AB - A cDNA clone for a hormonally regulated beta-glucanase from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia has been isolated by using an oligodeoxynucleotide probe, synthesized to match the previously determined N-terminal amino acid sequence. The cDNA has the complete sequence of the mature protein and contains at least part of a hydrophobic signal peptide. At the amino acid level, the beta-glucanase of N. plumbaginifolia is 73% homologous to a beta(1,3)-glucanase from tobacco and 52% homologous to a beta(1,3;1,4)-glucanase from barley. Southern-blot analysis clearly demonstrated that N. plumbaginifolia contains at least two related genes encoding beta-glucanase. The extent of the complete signal peptide of the cloned beta-glucanase was determined by sequencing part of the corresponding gene. Northern analysis showed that the expression of the beta-glucanase gene is influenced by auxins and cytokinins. PMID- 3240866 TI - Cloning and determination of the nucleotide sequence of the Mn-containing superoxide dismutase gene from Halobacterium halobium. AB - A group of synthetic 17-mer oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) was constructed to correspond to a sequence of amino acids situated near the N terminus of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) purified from the halophilic bacterium, Halobacterium halobium. A cosmid library of a Sau3AI partial digest of halobium DNA, cloned into the BamHI site of pHC79, was probed with the radiolabeled oligos. Cosmid DNA was purified from the clone that showed hybridization at the highest stringency. A 1.8-kb PstI fragment of this DNA which hybridized the probes was subcloned into bacteriophage M13 and transfected into Escherichia coli JM101. The entire insert containing a 600-bp sequence coding for Mn-SOD and its 5'- and 3'-flanking regions was sequenced. The derived amino acid sequence of the structural gene showed a similarity to other manganese and iron containing SODs in normally conserved regions. PMID- 3240867 TI - A novel method for generating a nested set of unidirectional deletion mutants using mixed oligodeoxynucleotides. AB - A novel method that allows introduction of unidirectional deletions into cloned DNA is described. This method is based on the use of a mixture of oligodeoxynucleotide primers that have fixed 5' ends defining the end point of the deletion and variable 3' ends composed of mixtures of all four nucleotides at six positions. The 5' ends of the oligodeoxynucleotides are hybridized to a fixed location of the M13K11RX templates and the 3' ends are hybridized randomly to the DNA to be analyzed. Such oligodeoxynucleotide primers when extended with DNA polymerase can direct deletions of intervening parts of the single-stranded DNA that by design contains multiple EcoK sites; the deletion products are selected on a host strain with the EcoK restriction system (e.g., using JM101 cells). This method is an efficient way of generating a nested set of deletion mutants useful for dideoxy-sequencing. It can be used for creating a set of deletion mutants with a particular codon at the 5' or 3' end point. PMID- 3240868 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tu494 and its expression in Nicotiana tabacum. AB - The phosphinothricin (Pt) N-acetyltransferase gene (pat) of Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tu494 is located on a 0.8-kb BglII fragment [Strauch et al., Gene 63 (1988) 65-74]. By sequencing a 1.3-kb BglII-SstII fragment, an open reading frame representing the pat gene was found. It encodes a polypeptide of 183 amino acids with an Mr of 20,621. The base composition of the pat gene is typical for Streptomyces [70.1 mol% (G + C) in total and 93.5 mol% (G + C) in the third position]. Translation of pat is initiated by a GTG codon which was identified by frameshift mutations in Escherichia coli as well as in Streptomyces lividans. Significant homology of the pat gene was found to the bialaphos resistance gene (bar) of Streptomyces hygroscopicus [Thompson et al., EMBO J. 9 (1987) 2519-2523]. However, variations were detected in the 5'-noncoding region of the two resistance genes which may reflect differences in regulation. Since Pt is a potent herbicide, the pat gene was modified and introduced into Nicotiana tabacum by Agrobacterium-mediated leaf-disc transformation. The GTG start codon of pat was replaced by ATG. Subsequently the modified pat-coding region was fused to the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus. Transgenic plants could directly be selected on Pt-containing medium. PMID- 3240869 TI - An issue devoted to the Geriatric Education Centers. PMID- 3240870 TI - Geriatric dentistry: the rationale and strategy for its development and implementation in a dental curriculum. PMID- 3240871 TI - Interdisciplinary faculty training in geriatrics and gerontology: a non-clinical model. PMID- 3240872 TI - The hallmark study of good geriatric care and effective education in geriatrics: methodology and initial results. PMID- 3240873 TI - A case study in interdisciplinary education in geriatric health care: intellectual, educational and organizational problems. PMID- 3240874 TI - Conceptualizing a geriatric core curriculum for the health professions: a skills based approach. PMID- 3240875 TI - Toward a core curriculum for interdisciplinary geriatric care. PMID- 3240876 TI - Interdisciplinary faculty collaboration for developing introductory level geriatric curriculum. PMID- 3240877 TI - Education in geriatric medicine: the TCGEC faculty development model. PMID- 3240878 TI - Geriatric education for visiting faculty trainees: the Harvard Geriatric Education Center. PMID- 3240879 TI - An integrated geriatric dentistry program. PMID- 3240880 TI - Responding to mental health needs of the elderly in rural areas: a collaborative Geriatric Education Center model. PMID- 3240882 TI - Oral health content in nursing school curricula. PMID- 3240881 TI - A model for teleconferencing in geriatric education. PMID- 3240883 TI - Stress: an added incapacitator. PMID- 3240884 TI - Against all odds. PMID- 3240885 TI - Nutrition assessment in the adult day care center. PMID- 3240886 TI - Only for the moment. PMID- 3240887 TI - Intra-amniotic injection of oxytetracycline hydrochloride for termination of mid trimester pregnancy. AB - Seventy-eight women underwent induced mid-trimester abortion. Fifty-two women aborted after an intra-amniotic injection of 1 g oxytetracycline hydrochloride. The control group comprised 16 women who received an intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline and 9 women with prostaglandin F2 alpha. All but 2 women aborted after one injection. Thirty-five women of the oxytetracycline hydrochloride group received intravenous oxytocin after the appearance of uterine contractions, 17 did not. The mean injection abortion interval in the women who received intravenous oxytocin was 38.6 +/- 2.7 h, whereas in the group without oxytocin it was 31.3 +/- 2.3 h. There is no statistically significant difference between these two groups (p less than 0.2). The mean injection abortion interval in the hypertonic saline group was 18.4 +/- 2.2 h. In the F2 alpha group it was 13.2 +/- 1.3 h. There is no statistically significant difference between hypertonic saline and prostaglandins (p less than 0.2). The mean injection abortion interval is significantly shorter in the F2 alpha and hypertonic saline groups as compared to the oxytetracycline hydrochloride group (p less than 0.001). It is advisable therefore to use oxytetracycline hydrochloride only in cases when the use of F2 alpha or hypertonic saline is contraindicated. PMID- 3240888 TI - Coagulation-fibrinolytic and kinin-forming systems in toxemia of pregnancy. AB - The relationship between the hemostatic system and the severity of toxemia was studied in 78 pregnant women with toxemia. The activities of plasma antithrombin III (AT-III), prekallikrein, plasminogen, alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and factor XIII were determined using the chromogenic substrate and fluorescent methods. The antigens of both AT-III and factor XIII were determined by the single radial immunodiffusion method. Plasma bradykinin was determined by radioimmunoassay. The main results obtained were as follows. Both activities of AT-III and plasma prekallikrein decreased as the gestosis index increased (p less than 0.001), and a significant negative correlation was observed between the total score of the gestosis index and AT-III (r = -0.447, p less than 0.005) or plasma prekallikrein (r = -0.434, p less than 0.005). The levels of plasminogen, alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and factor XIII decreased and plasma bradykinin increased in toxemia. Among the various factors, plasma AT-III and prekallikrein were the most sensitive indicators of the severity of toxemia. PMID- 3240889 TI - A method for objective measurement of fetal head compression during the second stage of labor. AB - The article describes a novel method for the objective measurement of compression forces to which the fetal head is exposed during labor. This involves the placement of a transducer, housed in a silicone rubber and brass casing (18 mm diameter, 6.5 mm thick), over the parietal bone area. The compression forces monitored with the transducer in this position provide an estimate of the intracranial pressure. The technique thus not only provides a means of assessing fetal head compression, but also the efficacy of the expulsion efforts of the mother. Pressure recordings taken during the second stage of 24 deliveries revealed a marked variation in the magnitude of the compression forces between the births. PMID- 3240890 TI - Gonadotrophin dependence of steroidogenesis by human corpora lutea of different ages during the menstrual cycle. AB - In vitro production of progesterone and estradiol by human corpora lutea of different ages was evaluated in the presence or absence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Progesterone production by the luteal tissue was enhanced by as little as 0.1 IU/ml HCG and maximally stimulated by approximately 10 IU/ml HCG. Estradiol production was enhanced by 100 IU/ml HCG. Under control conditions, the synthetic activities of progesterone and estradiol were highest in the luteal tissue isolated from the mid-luteal phase corpora lutea and were lowest in the late luteal phase corpora lutea. The addition of HCG (100 IU/ml) stimulated progesterone and estradiol production by early and mid-luteal phase corpora lutea, whereas HCG had no effects on steroidogenesis by late luteal phase corpora lutea. The results suggest that the age of the corpus luteum might be an important factor governing luteal cell responsiveness to gonadotrophins. PMID- 3240891 TI - Response of isolated muscle of the human cervix to electrofield stimulation. AB - Contractile activity was registered isometrically in isolated strip biopsies from the uterine cervix of nonpregnant, early pregnant and term pregnant women, and the influence of electrofield stimulation (EFS) was studied. In the great majority of women an excitatory effect was observed, but occasionally an inhibitory response occurred. The excitatory effect of EFS was reduced and, in many cases, changed to inhibition during treatment with guanethidine and phenoxybenzamine. These inhibitory effects were not antagonized by treatment with propranolol, indicating that the responses were not mediated by beta adrenoceptors. Tetrodotoxin reduced or abolished the excitatory effect of EFS. The data suggest that contractile activity of the human cervix is influenced by both adrenergic and nonadrenergic neurons, which remain intact throughout pregnancy. This innervation may be a central part of neuromuscular control systems which undergo important adaptive changes during pregnancy and in connection with parturition. PMID- 3240892 TI - Bacterial vaginitis: protection against infection and secretory immunoglobulin levels in the vagina after immunization therapy with Gynatren. AB - In a prospective, randomized double-blind study the prophylactic effect of the immunotherapeutic agent, Gynatren, against reinfection was investigated in 192 patients with bacterial vaginitis (95 treated with the active preparation versus 97 with placebo). In 30 and 25% of the patients in the two groups, respectively, it was the third or even more frequent infection in a period of 12 months. In a further 46 and 39%, respectively, it was the second infection in the course of a year. All the patients were given local treatment with tetracycline-amphotericin B vaginal suppositories and at the same time vaccinated with Gynatren or placebo. One month after the start of treatment, 85% of the patients in the active treatment group and 83% in the placebo group were asymptomatic and free from pathogenic bacteria. After 3 months 78% in the active-treatment group and 60% in the placebo group were free from infection. After 6 months 76 and 40%, and after 12 months 75 and 37% of the women in the active-treatment and placebo groups, respectively, were free from clinical symptoms and pathogenic bacteria. These results correlated with the concentrations of local antibodies (secretory immunoglobulin) detectable in the vaginal secretion. PMID- 3240893 TI - Combined detrusor instability and stress urinary incontinence: where is the primary pathology? AB - Thirty-nine patients (from a total of 307 women) with clinical and urodynamic diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence had cystometric findings consistent with detrusor instability. Detailed multichannel urethrocystometry of these 39 patients revealed that urethral relaxation preceded the bladder contraction by 2 5 s. These patients were randomly allocated to either medical treatment (n = 21) by Ditropan 5 mg t.i.d. for 6 weeks prior to the surgical procedure, or to surgical treatment (n = 18) with no attempt to treat the bladder instability prior to surgery. All patients had repeat clinical and urodynamic evaluation at 3 12 months postoperatively. Six of the 39 patients (15%) still had urethral relaxation and bladder contractions on postoperative urethrocystometry. Four of these 6 patients still had stress urinary incontinence and urethral funneling. These 4 were considered surgical failures. Two of the 39 (5%) had postoperative detrusor instability in spite of good surgical results. This series suggests that in women with combined stress urinary incontinence and bladder instability, where bladder contraction is preceded by urethral relaxation, there is a more than 90% chance that bladder instability will disappear after successful operation for stress urinary incontinence. PMID- 3240894 TI - Retropubic urethrocystopexy with fibrin sealant: a long-term follow-up. AB - Transabdominal urethrocystopexy by using a two-component fibrin sealant as a substitute for sutures was performed in 99 women suffering from proved urinary stress incontinence. All were assessed preoperatively, both clinically and by urodynamic tests. This report deals with the results after a follow-up period not shorter than 1 year and up to 4 years. We found it essential not to report postoperative results concerning observation periods shorter than 1 year, as most relapses are observed more than 1 year after operation. Success was defined as absence of objective urine loss at coughing or straining with full bladder in upright position. The results imply that this simple technique is worthy of trial in correcting urinary stress incontinence in women. PMID- 3240895 TI - Parovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma of borderline malignancy diagnosed during pregnancy. AB - A case of parovarian serous tumor of borderline malignancy inadvertently found during cesarean section in a 27-year-old multigravida is reported. Seventeen months after diagnosis there is no clinical evidence of disease. The histologic appearance of the tumor was identical with that of tumors of ovarian origin, however, whether its biologic behavior is similar as well is not known. PMID- 3240896 TI - [Populations at risk for low birth weight infants]. PMID- 3240897 TI - [Replacement of bladder with detubularized right colonic segment]. PMID- 3240898 TI - [Chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting with osteolytic ankle lesions]. PMID- 3240899 TI - [Pertussis in Hadera County]. PMID- 3240900 TI - [Sudden development of extensive pneumoperitoneum after interloop abscess]. PMID- 3240901 TI - [Results of screening for organic aciduria in Israel]. PMID- 3240903 TI - [Tennis elbow]. PMID- 3240902 TI - [Achievements and progress in medicine--1987]. PMID- 3240904 TI - ["HAREFUAH" closes the gap]. PMID- 3240905 TI - Propionate and the production of monensins in Streptomyces cinnamonensis. AB - Variants resistant to propionate were prepared from a mutant strain of Streptomyces cinnamonensis producing predominantly monensin A. Using selected resistants the production of monensins (in media with higher concentrations of propionate) was examined. Stimulation of monensin synthesis by propionate was observed with 70% of the resistants studied. Propionate did not influence the ratio between monensin A and B production. PMID- 3240906 TI - Occurrence of collagen-degrading microorganisms in associations of mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria from various soils. AB - A total of 437 bacterial cultures was isolated from various soils and sewage water that were tested for the ability to decompose reconstituted collagen. This activity was found in 6.6% of the cultures isolated from sewage water, 15% of the cultures from organic horizons of the spruce growth soil, 30% of the cultures from the meadow soil, 29% of the cultures from the vegetable field soil and in 37% of those isolated from garden soil. The capability to produce collagenolytic enzymes does not appear to be rare among soil bacteria. PMID- 3240907 TI - Multiple populations of double-stranded RNA in two virus-harbouring strains of Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - The existence of six dsRNA segments of Trichomonas vaginalis virus was confirmed and the molar mass and relative abundance of these segments were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis with reovirus dsRNA serving as a standard. The M's were 3.5, 3.4, 3.2, 2.5, 1.4 and 0.34 Mg/mol for the two strains studied, the relative abundances, however, were 1.0, 1.4, 3.0, 0.3, 2.7, 4.2 and 1.0, 0.6, 1.7, 0.5, 3.4 1.0 for these strains, respectively. Cell homogenate fractionation showed that all dsRNA segments were associated with viral particles. The data appeared to support the hypothesis of a relationship between viruses of the protozoan T. vaginalis and of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 3240908 TI - Isolation and study of fosfomycin-resistant mutants of group A and B streptococci. AB - Eighty-nine fosfomycin-resistant mutants of group A and B streptococci were isolated. The mutants differed essentially from the parent strains in cell-wall characteristics, such as morphology of cocci and chains, sensitivity to detergents and hydrophobic properties. At the same time, the recipient activity of the investigated mutants was not changed. It is supposed that resistance of mutants to fosfomycin is connected with a transport block of glycerol 3-phosphate -important lipoteichoic acid (LTA) structural component. Fosr mutants can be useful for experimental examination of Beachey's hypothesis about the importance of LTA or its complex with the M protein for adhesion. PMID- 3240909 TI - Adherence to epithelial cells and ultrastructure of fosfomycin-resistant mutants of group A streptococci. AB - Adherence of three strains of group A streptococci and their fosfomycin-resistant mutants to HEp-2 tissue culture cells was compared with some cell-surface characteristics, i.e. ultrastructure and hydrophobicity. Among Fosr mutants, both well-adhering and weakly adhering mutants were found. Clonal analysis of the mutants proved their greater stability in the adherence. Well-adhering parent strains of streptococci and Fosr mutants exhibited surface fibrillae in contrast to weakly adhering Fosr mutants which were devoid of fibrillae or contined fibrillae of lower electron density. Decrease of adherence of Fosr mutants of two strains was accompanied by a decrease of their hydrophobicity. PMID- 3240910 TI - Changes in female reproductive condition following male take-overs in a colony of hamadryas and hybrid baboons. AB - This paper describes and discusses events observed in the Madrid colony of hamadryas and hybrid baboons, when a novel group of 3 adult males, 3 adult females and 1 unweaned infant was introduced to the resident colony comprising 12 adult females, 11 juveniles and 6 unweaned infants. Novel males took over resident adult females in any reproductive condition, and all acyclic females (i.e. lactating, pregnant and immature) exhibited a dramatic enhancement of sexual activity. Lactating females shortened their postpartum amenorrhoea periods and resumed oestrous cycles around day 14 following the introduction of the novel males, without infanticide occurring. Their return to breeding condition was not affected by the age of their current infant or the day they were taken over by the males. A female in an early stage of pregnancy aborted spontaneously and resumed oestrus on day 26. The other pregnant female significantly shortened her gestation time, delivered a viable infant on day 13, and resumed breeding activity 39 days post-partum (on day 52), while suckling her infant. A cycling female adopted and suckled a 74-day-old infant, continued showing oestrous cycles and conceived. Immature females reached menarche significantly earlier than expected and only then joined one of the newly established harem units. It is argued that the observed enhancement of sexual activity was not imposed by the males' aggressive behaviour but rather was a spontaneous female response to male novelty. This single causal factor was potent enough to override the role that nutrition and lactation normally play in the control of the females' reproductive activity. Differences in latency until the appearance of the response were probably due to the different constraints imposed by the female's current reproductive state. It was also hypothesized that when (a) sexual swellings are attractive to males, (b) novel males are especially active in the process of bonding with new females, and (c) males are important sources of coalitionary support, females might by developing sexual swellings compete more successfully against other females and attain a higher position in the female hierarchy of the newly established unit. This would have the ultimate effect of increasing their potential reproductive success. In several cases females did gain socially by coming into oestrus, but attained no immediate reproductive advantage. PMID- 3240911 TI - Olfactory demarcation of territorial but not home range boundaries by Lemur catta. AB - Over 350 h of observations were collected using focal animal sampling of scent marking behavior by 2 troops of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) in the field in Madagascar. Although they did not mark any branch species preferentially, they did have preferred marking sites. Significantly more scent marks were deposited in the area of home range overlap between troops than in the area of exclusive use. However, few marks were deposited at the periphery of the area of overlap. Instead, the majority of the marks were in a narrow band within the area of overlap that coincided with the positions of intertroop confrontations. Female genital marks and male arm marks, as well as the accompanying male shoulder rubs thus appear to demarcate territorial borders. PMID- 3240912 TI - The pairbond in the titi monkey (Callicebus moloch): intrinsic versus extrinsic contributions of the pairmates. AB - Aspects of a monogamous relationship can be inferred by observing reactions of mated individuals to unfamiliar conspecifics. The present study examined the behaviours shown by male and female titi monkeys (Callicebus moloch) toward an opposite-sex stranger, and the effect of their pairmate's absence or presence on these encounters. Behaviours within unfamiliar heterosexual pairs showed superficial similarities to behaviours of mated pairs. Although there were few affiliative behaviours between unfamiliar individuals, animals were often in spatial proximity and even performed sexual behaviour. The visual presence of a pairmate clearly affected encounters between unfamiliar heterosexual pairs in several respects. The presence of a male pairmate had a much stronger influence on all behavioural measures compared to the presence of a female pairmate. Possible functional aspects of these results are discussed. PMID- 3240913 TI - [The occupation of space and interindividual relations of a nocturnal Madagascan prosimian (Microcebus murinus)]. AB - Five male and four female grey lesser mouse lemurs, Microcebus murinus, were trapped with Sherman traps in the Forestry Reserve of Ampijoroa, near Majunga, N.W.-Madagascar and equipped with individual radio-transmitters with a range of 220-300 m. These 9 individuals were then followed and observed (alternatively or simultaneously) for a total of 30 nights spread over a period of 6 weeks (26 September to 11 November 1985). In this dry deciduous forest zone, the subpopulation of 9 M. murinus observed occupied a total area of 7 ha. The home ranges of 4 males were significantly larger than those of 4 females (means: 3.2 +/- 0.2 and 1.8 +/- 0.1 ha, respectively). Nevertheless, because of the larger degree of overlap between home ranges of males, the available mean area per individual did not differ greatly between the sexes (a total of 5.5 ha for 4 males, with 65% overlap, versus a total of 4.2 ha for 4 females, with only 44% overlap). Overlapping of all nine home ranges produced a 'common zone' in the centre of the study area, where meetings between animals of either sex took place. This pattern can be interpreted as representing a pregregarious form of social structure. During nocturnal activity, the animals foraged individually, though an average of 11% of time was spent less than 10 m away from a conspecific. The tendency for dispersion of individuals was most pronounced during foraging for insects, when travel speeds were also relatively high. The most obvious social interactions occurred when females were on their way back to a common nest, calling and following each other. Such behaviour was not exhibited by males, even by those that shared a nest. Away from the nest, physical contacts were rare and brief. During the few days preceding oestrus, females were approached by several males, without agonistic interactions between males being observed at this period. Most observed agonistic interactions were initiated by females and directed against males. PMID- 3240914 TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 2,4-diaminopyridine in the cat. AB - The pharmacokinetics, antagonistic effects, and cardiovascular effects of 2,4 diaminopyridine (2,4-DAP) were studied in 7 anaesthetized cats. Cats received a pancuronium infusion at a constant rate to cause a 90% block of contraction of the anterior tibialis muscle, stimulated through the sciatic nerve. After steady state was reached, 2,4-DAP (750 micrograms/kg IV) was administered. Plasma, urine, and bile were collected over 8 h and analyzed by means of an HPLC assay. Plasma concentrations decreased biexponentially with half-lives of 9.0 +/- 5.7 min and 140 +/- 36 min, respectively. The volume of the central compartment was 0.85 +/- 0.27 L/kg, and the volume of distribution in the steady state was 3.1 +/ 1.1 L/kg. Total plasma clearance was 18 +/- 5 ml/kg/min. Ninety percent of the administered dose was recovered in the urine and 0.1 percent in the bile in 8 h. The antagonism of the pancuronium-induced steady-state block was 98% +/- 5%, with onset and duration of 3.5 +/- 2 min and 165 +/- 40 min, respectively. PMID- 3240915 TI - Spontaneous and ouabain-induced efflux of catecholamines and dihydroxyphenylglycol in two canine blood vessels. AB - The spontaneous efflux of endogenous noradrenaline, dopamine, dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) from adrenergic nerve endings of 2 canine blood vessels (the mesenteric artery and the saphenous vein) were studied during 8 successive incubation periods of 15 min each. Extraneuronal uptake and O methylation were minimized by the presence of adequate concentrations of tropolone and hydrocortisone. Both vessels had an efflux characterized by a decline in the 3 catechols, which was most marked for noradrenaline; the mesenteric artery lost larger amounts than the saphenous vein. Ouabain caused a large increase in the efflux of noradrenaline and dopamine and a reduction of DOPEG efflux. Cocaine had only a modest effect, more evident in the case of the mesenteric artery, increasing noradrenaline and reducing DOPEG effluxes. The combination of ouabain and cocaine had no additive effects, and the effects of ouabain were even reduced (on some parameters) by cocaine. Accordingly, the noradrenaline:DOPEG ratio was markedly increased by ouabain, but not by cocaine; cocaine significantly reduced the effects of ouabain. The ratio dopamine:noradrenaline was decreased by cocaine and by ouabain. Comparison of tissue content and efflux allowed us to conclude that apparently no significant de novo synthesis of noradrenaline occurred during the incubation period. We conclude that a fast and early component of spontaneous efflux is due to loss from the neurons and that its greater magnitude in the mesenteric artery may be due to differences in neuronal [Na+] and/or to differences in neuronal membrane adenosine triphosphatase activity. The results also suggest that neuronal reuptake plays only a minor role in the handling of spontaneously released noradrenaline. PMID- 3240916 TI - Enhancement of antibody response and delayed-type hypersensitivity by thalidomide in mice. AB - Renewed interest in thalidomide stemmed from the suggestion by several authors that it might prove useful against immune-related diseases. Despite interesting preliminary findings, little is actually known regarding its immunoenhancing properties in vivo. Male and female Swiss mice, aged 6-8 wk, were given 0.5 or 25 mg/kg/day of thalidomide orally for 4 wk. Various immunological parameters were then assessed. When compared to controls, mice exposed to the higher dose presented with a significantly increased thymus weight index, whereas spleen weight index remained unchanged. Anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cells and hemagglutinin titers were increased by 44% and 29%, respectively. Contact hypersensitivity to picryl chloride was enhanced by 62%. Finally, colloidal carbon clearance was not altered. Interestingly, the lower dose (5 mg/kg/day) exerted no effect whatsoever. PMID- 3240917 TI - Bronchospasmolytic effects of RU 42173. AB - The bronchodilator properties of RU 42173, a new beta-adrenergic stimulant with an original structure, as a cyclic analogue of an arylethanolamine, have been evaluated on different in vitro and in vivo models and compared with those of salbutamol and isoprenaline. RU 42173 equipotently inhibited histamine-, acetylcholine-, and KCl-induced contractions in isolated guinea pig trachea or small bronchus and in isolated human bronchus. When administered to guinea pigs by the IV or aerosol route, RU 42173 dose-dependently inhibited bronchospasm induced by histamine, acetylcholine, and methacholine. It also inhibited PAF induced bronchoconstriction and PAF-induced hyperreactivity to histamine. Moreover, RU 42173 had a rapid onset and prolonged duration of action. The potency of RU 42173 was similar to that of salbutamol. PMID- 3240918 TI - Renal effects of nifedipine in healthy normotensive volunteers. Effects of dose, formulation, duration of treatment, and chlorothiazide coadministration. AB - Renal effects of nifedipine were assessed in 3 groups of healthy normotensive volunteers. In the first group (N = 10), a single 20-mg dose of the slow-release formulation caused an increase in 8-h sodium excretion (P less than 0.025) and urine volume (P less than 0.005). Natriuresis (P less than 0.05) and diuresis (P less than 0.05) were still evident after 1 wk of pretreatment, but were significantly attenuated (P less than 0.05), in each case, compared to levels after a single dose. Natriuresis and diuresis after 2 wk of intake were indistinguishable from control levels. In another group of 8, a single 10 mg dose of the conventional formulation (capsule) effected natriuresis (P less than 0.01) and diuresis (P less than 0.001) similar to those associated with intake of a single 20-mg dose of the slow-release formulation. Natriuresis and diuresis associated with a 20-mg single dose of the conventional formulation were not different from control but were less than those following intake of the 10-mg dose (P less than 0.025 in each case). In the third group of 6, nifedipine, though weaker than chlorothiazide, promoted natriuresis (P less than 0.025) and diuresis (P less than 0.025) of the thiazide without augmenting its kaliuresis. In all the groups, there were no changes in creatinine clearance, and nifedipine did not alter kaliuresis. It is suggested that natriuretic and diuretic effects of nifedipine in healthy normotensive individuals are dependent on the dose employed, the formulation used, and the duration of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3240919 TI - Quantitative analysis of serum methohexital by GLC using capillary column and nitrogen-selective detection. AB - A gas chromatographic method for routine quantitation of methohexital in plasma samples is reported. One-step extraction in organic phase, the use of a fused silica capillary column, and nitrogen-selective detection permit simple, precise, and sensitive determination of methohexital in plasma. A linear relationship is described between peak height ratio and methohexital concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 50.0 micrograms/ml (r = 0.998). The sensitivity limit of the assay was 6 ng/ml in plasma. No interfering peak was observed with numerous other drugs. The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters of methohexital after IV administration or continuous infusion in a child and an adult. PMID- 3240920 TI - [Studies on anastomoses of rat abdominal aorta using the carbon dioxide laser- histological changes and elastic properties of the anastomotic sites]. AB - End-to-end anastomoses of rat abdominal aorta (about 1.8 mm in external diameter) were performed using the carbon dioxide laser, and histological change and dynamic compliance of the anastomotic site were compared with the control group with continuous suture technique. To anastomose vessels with laser energy, four to five stay sutures were placed, and laser energy of 30 to 35 mW with a 100 microns focal spot size was applied to the anastomotic site in the continuous mode. The rats were sacrificed for histological evaluation and measurement of dynamic compliance (Cd) at 2 hours and at 2, 6, and 8 weeks after anastomosis. Cd was calculated from the variables which were measured using the ultrasonic displacement meter at the mean pressure of 55 mmHg with the vessels connecting to the experimental circuit. All laser-assisted and suture anastomoses were patent (laser 21/21, suture 16/16). The rate of aneurysm formation was 4.8% (1/21) for the laser group and 12.5% (2/16) for the suture group. Histological examination showed that the anastomotic site of the laser-assisted anastomosis demonstrated less foreign-body reaction than that of the suture anastomosis and regeneration of the elastic fibers at 6 weeks postoperatively in the optimally coaptated cases. Cd of both laser-assisted and suture anastomoses decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) as compared with that of the untreated aorta. But Cd of the laser-assisted anastomoses had recovered 6 weeks after surgery, and was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than that of suture anastomoses. From the present study of histological change and dynamic compliance, the results of the laser-assisted arterial anastomoses were more favorable than that of the suture anastomoses. PMID- 3240921 TI - [Radio frequency catheter ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system in a canine model]. AB - Twenty dogs underwent catheter ablation of the AV conduction system with monopolar 300 KHz output to assess the efficacy and the safety of using radio frequency energy at catheter ablation. The energy (15 to 120 W) was delivered between the distal electrode and the back pad until 3 second after complete AV block, which was certified at ECG monitoring. Pathological observation was done with 7 dogs in 2 hours, 6 dogs in 4 to 7 weeks and compared with 10 dogs which underwent catheter ablation with DC energy. Complete AV block was achieved in 15 dogs and there was no return of AV conduction during observed period. The QRS complex of the escape rhythm was similar to those found in sinus rhythm in all dogs. Complete AV block was achieved only when the catheter was located where the H-V interval was longer than 26 msec at the His bundle electrogram before ablation. The damaged area was limited near His bundle and well delineated. AV node was intact in all dogs. Electron micrograph of the damaged areas in acute phase showed the swelling of mitochondria without broken cytoskeletal filaments, which indicate there were no mechanical shocks. There was no patchy fibrosis seen in chronic phase. I conclude that the catheter ablation of the AV conduction system with radio frequency energy is effective and safe, and the minimal damage of the tissue suggests the benefit and the possibility of clinical use. PMID- 3240922 TI - [Experience of 23 cases of cerebellar hemorrhage--indication for evacuation of cerebellar hematoma]. AB - Twenty-three cases of cerebellar hemorrhage diagnosed by CTscan were evaluated. The subject were 13 males and 10 females and the ages of the patients were 58 years in average ranging from 24 to 83 years. Fourteen cases were treated surgically. Evacuation of hematoma by suboccipital craniectomy were performed in 11 patients and suboccipital decompression alone in one case. Two cases were underwent ventricular drainage alone for treatment of hydrocephalus. ADL assessed at discharge of the hospital was as follows: ADL 1 or 2 in 13 patients, ADL 3 or 4 in 5 patients and ADL 5 (dead) in 5 patients. The patients with small hematoma of less than 40 mm in diameter on CTscan were recovered to ADL 1 or 2 regardless of surgical or conservative treatments. The authors concluded that evacuation of hematoma is indicated for the patients with hematoma of more than 40 mm in diameter on CTscan, for the patients whose consciousness level is progressively aggravated regardless of size of hematoma and also for the patients whose CTscan shows deformity or obstruction of ambient and/or prepontine cisterns. PMID- 3240923 TI - [Lipid alterations in renal membrane of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP)]. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between lipid alterations in renal membrane of SHRSP and the progress of hypertension. Phospholipase A2 activity, prostaglandin E2 synthesis, phospholipids and phospholipid fatty acids were investigated in renal cortex and medulla of male SHRSP at the ages of 5, 10, 20 and 40 weeks, and compared with age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). In renal membrane of SHRSP, phospholipase A2 activity enhanced and PGE2 synthesis increased both in the renal cortex and the medulla after 20 weeks of age. Phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and arachidonate were decreased in cortex after 20 weeks and in medulla after 10 weeks. Moreover, to determine the effect of pressure load on lipid alterations, SHRSP that received an antihypertensive treatment with hydralazine or nicardipine or enalapril for 5 weeks were compared with those without treatment. Antihypertensive treatment prevented the blood pressure from rising and suppressed decreases of phospholipids and arachidonate in phospholipid. In conclusion, these results might suggest that enhanced phospholipase A2 cause by hypertension activate the arachidonic acid cascade and increase prostaglandin synthesis, which might have an homeostatic action to lower the blood pressure in SHRSP. On the other hand, decreases of phospholipids and arachidonate may provide an explanation for the membraneous structural abnormalities in SHRSP. Antihypertensive treatments prevent these alterations, though they have different actions in SHRSP. PMID- 3240924 TI - [The significance of blood coagulation test in fulminant hepatic failure]. AB - We treated 12 cases of fulminant hepatic failure with plasma exchange, cryofiltration and hemodialysis. Five cases were survived and 7 cases died. The liver volume measured by volus CT on admission was about 1106 ml in survived cases, and was about 457 ml in death cases. In cases which liver volume was under 600 ml, these prognoses were miserable. AT-III, PT and HPT activities were well correlated with liver volume (r = 0.85) and these activities were good indicator to treat the fulminant hepatic failure. The measurement of FBG and APTT were also useful for the estimation of the prognosis. But they were not becoming of indicator to treatment. We have no expectation to prognosis of the cases which PT, HPT and AT-III were under 15%, 10%, and 25%, respectively. PMID- 3240925 TI - [Adrenocortical hormone rhythm in blood and metabolism of the hypothalamic biogenic amines in rats]. AB - Restricted daily feeding (RF), in which free access to food and water is restricted to a fixed time of the day, has been demonstrated to elevate the plasma corticosterone level in rats prior to meal (prefeeding corticosterone peak). But the central mechanism for the hormone peak is unknown. In this study, the metabolism of the hypothalamic biogenic amines was investigated to know whether or not it was associated with the prefeeding corticosterone peak under RF. Male rats were subjected to RF (meal time from 10:00 to 12:00 h) under the light-dark cycle (lights from 06:00 to 18:00 h). Norepinephrine metabolism was estimated from the rate of decrease in norepinephrine content after the administration of a synthesis blocker, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MPT). Dopamine and serotonin metabolisms were estimated from the accumulation rate of precursor amine after the inhibition of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase by m hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD 1015). Rats were sacrificed by decapitation and four hypothalamic nuclei (SCN, PVN, VMH, LH) were punched out according to Palkovits method. Amine contents in each nucleus were measured by HPLC. Results obtained are as follows; 1) Catecholamine was significantly involved in the formation of prefeeding corticosterone peak under RF in rats. 2) Norepinephrine metabolism was different in each hypothalamic nucleus. Especially, that in PVN seems to be parallel with the plasma corticosterone level under RF. This result suggests that norepinephrine in PVN stimulates corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). 3) Dopamine metabolism in the four hypothalamic nuclei showed similar changes; prefeeding rise (except for VMH), high activity during feeding, decrease after food deprivation, and persistence of high activity during fast. 4) Serotonin metabolism in the four hypothalamic nuclei showed similar changes; prefeeding rise (except for VMH), decrease during feeding, and persistence of high activity during fast. PMID- 3240926 TI - A peptidase activity associated with acetylcholinesterase from electric eel and sheep basal ganglia. PMID- 3240927 TI - Inhibition of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by N-acetylimidazole. PMID- 3240928 TI - Production, purification and properties of Geotrichum candidum polygalacturonase: regulation of production by pyruvate. PMID- 3240930 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of analogues of leucine-/methionine-enkephalin. PMID- 3240929 TI - Effect of methionine supplementation on lanthanum chloride and neodymium chloride induced alterations in enzymes of the antioxidant defence system and gamma glutamyl cycle in chick liver. PMID- 3240931 TI - Analysis of amino acid mixtures after pre-column derivatisation by N methylisatoic anhydride using HPLC. PMID- 3240933 TI - Consistent metachromasia and dichroism induced in dimethylmethylene blue by glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 3240932 TI - On structural analysis of chemical mutations. PMID- 3240934 TI - Oligonucleotide fingerprinting of chikungunya virus strains. PMID- 3240935 TI - Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in healthy Malaysian adults. PMID- 3240936 TI - Antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus with special reference to methicillin resistant strains. PMID- 3240937 TI - Prevalence & clinical significance of non-fermentative bacteria in urinary tract infection in a Delhi hospital. PMID- 3240938 TI - Zinc levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, serum & urine in acute hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 3240939 TI - Evaluation of ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear count & ascitic fluid pH in early diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. PMID- 3240940 TI - Acid-base changes of cerebrospinal fluid at full term pregnancy. PMID- 3240941 TI - Quantitative analysis of spermatogonial germ cells in adult rats treated with oestradiol benzoate alone & in combination with testosterone propionate. PMID- 3240942 TI - Age-related changes in lipid profiles & lipid peroxidation in the CNS following restraint stress. PMID- 3240943 TI - Effect of cellulose & ispaghula husk on small intestinal structure of young rats & hamsters. PMID- 3240944 TI - Effect of central prostaglandins in stress-induced gastric ulceration in rats. PMID- 3240945 TI - Auditing outcome after gastro-intestinal operations--the evolution and work of a surgical review office. PMID- 3240946 TI - Establishing clinical criteria for the treatment of chronic insomnia: a comparison of insomniac and control populations. PMID- 3240947 TI - The detection of visual disability in the elderly. PMID- 3240949 TI - The Chief Scientist reports ... Scottish Home and Health Department: Chief Scientist Organisation. PMID- 3240948 TI - The characteristics of and the contraceptive practice among women seeking therapeutic termination of pregnancy in the Scottish Highlands. PMID- 3240950 TI - Dehydrogenase enzyme histochemistry on freeze-dried or fixed resin-embedded tissue. AB - A method has been developed for the histochemical demonstration of a variety of dehydrogenases in freeze-dried or fixed resin-embedded tissue. Seven dehydrogenases were studied. Lactate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase and NADPH tetrazolium reductase were all demonstrable in sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed resin-embedded tissue. Freeze-dried specimens were embedded, without fixation, in glycol methacrylate resin or LR Gold resin at either 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C. All the dehydrogenases except succinate dehydrogenase retained their activity in freeze-dried, resin-embedded tissue. Enzyme activity was maximally preserved by embedding the freeze-dried tissue specimens in glycol methacrylate resin at 20 degrees C. The dehydrogenases were accurately localized without any diffusion when the tissue sections were incubated in aqueous media. Addition of a colloid stabilizer to the incubating medium was not required. Freeze-drying combined with low-temperature resin embedding permits accurate enzyme localization without diffusion, maintenance of enzyme activity and excellent tissue morphology. PMID- 3240951 TI - Quantitative analysis of immunogold labelling for ferritin in liver from control and iron-overloaded rats. AB - The distribution of ferritin antigenicity in control and iron-loaded rat hepatocytes was investigated with an immunogold-ferritin antibody technique. Antibody to horse spleen ferritin showed immunoreactivity as determined by dot blotting with immunogold/silver staining with purified rat liver ferritin but not with rat haemosiderin. The initial site of ferritin degradation was studied by analysing the density of gold labelling in the cytosol and lysosomes in combination with pre-embedding acid phosphatase cytochemistry. Immunoreactive ferritin was present in the cytosol, cytosolic clusters and lysosomes of normal hepatocytes. After iron-loading, the labelling density increased over tenfold in parenchymal cell cytosol with a smaller increase in Kupffer cells. Ferritin clusters contained substantially more immunoreactive ferritin than equivalent areas of lysosomes or cytosol. Analysis of the labelling density in hepatocyte lysosomes showed that, despite a striking increase in iron content, one-quarter of the lysosomes showed less immunolabelled ferritin than the cytosol. The existence of a wide range of ferritin labelling densities in the lysosomes with a large proportion unlabelled suggests that the ferritin protein shell is not degraded at a significant rate either in the cytosol or in clusters but only after incorporation into lysosomes. PMID- 3240953 TI - [Significance of feeding technics for infants. Report of feeding study 1986]. PMID- 3240952 TI - A new method for the histochemical demonstration of O-acyl sugars in human colonic epithelial glycoproteins. AB - A new general method has been developed for the specific histochemical identification of O-acyl sugars in any epithelial glycoprotein. These sugars include hexose, 6-deoxyhexose and N-acetylhexosamine with an ester substituent(s) located on a potential vicinal diol(s). In the procedure reported [the periodic acid-borohydride reduction-saponification-selective periodate oxidation borohydride reduction-periodic acid-Schiff (PA-Bh-KOH-PA*-Bh-PAS) method] the initial PA-Bh treatment renders vicinal diols located on either sialic acid or neutral sugars PAS unreactive. In the subsequent steps ester substituents are removed from both O-acyl sugars and O-acyl sialic acids by saponification (KOH), sialic acid vicinal diols are selectively removed by the PA*-Bh sequence and O acyl sugars are stained with the PAS technique. This method has the advantage that the results are obtained with a single section and the results are either positive or negative. Consequently, it is superior to the three indirect methods investigated because it does not require an observer to compare the intensity or the shade of the staining obtained with serial sections. Using the PA-Bh-KOH-PA* Bh-PAS method we have demonstrated, for the first time, that O-acyl sugars occur in the epithelial goblet cell glycoproteins of adult human colon. The effect of the presence of O-acyl sugars on the interpretation of a number of other methods for the histochemical investigation of glycoproteins is discussed. It is recommended that the results obtained with the PA-Bh-KOH-PA*-Bh-PAS method be evaluated before histochemical procedures for the investigation of neutral sugars and O-acyl sialic acids are selected. PMID- 3240954 TI - [What can research contribute to the protection of infants in the world? Are AIDS and environmental poisons a new threat for infants?]. PMID- 3240955 TI - [Proposal for parent education on breast feeding in maternity, delivery and infant care units]. PMID- 3240956 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of residue levels of the herbicides trifluralin, benefin, ethalfluralin, and isopropalin in soil with confirmation by mass selective detection. AB - A method is presented for the simultaneous or individual determination of the dinitroaniline herbicides trifluralin, benefin, ethalfluralin, and isopropalin in soil. The herbicides are extracted with acetonitrile-water (99 + 1), and the extracts are purified with small, disposable Florisil cartridges prior to analysis by gas chromatography using an electron capture detector or a mass selective detector. When electron capture detection is used as the primary detection system, confirmation with selective detection can be obtained using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with a mass selective detector and a capillary column operated in the split mode. The limit of detection is 0.01 ppm, and recoveries averaged 95-112% for the 4 herbicides in several different soil types fortified at levels of 0.01-0.33 ppm. PMID- 3240957 TI - Determination of trace volatile organic compounds in fish tissues by gas chromatography. AB - Several volatile organic compounds associated with petroleum fuels (mainly alkylated benzenes) were extracted from spiked fish tissue samples with a stream of air, trapped on charcoal, eluted with a solvent, and analyzed by gas chromatography. These volatile compounds are among the most water-soluble components of crude oils and petroleum products, and they have been associated with tainting in fish tissues. Recoveries for these compounds were about 90% when spiked directly either onto traps or into fish tissues although naphthalene desorbed poorly from the charcoal; recoveries of this compound were about 50%. Relative standard deviations (RSD) for most recoveries of spiked samples were in the 2-10% range based on 6 samples analyzed in duplicate. However, when live fish were contaminated experimentally by adding the aromatic compounds to the aquarium water, the RSDs were higher (10-30%). PMID- 3240958 TI - Determination of arsenic and selenium in environmental and agricultural samples by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. AB - Agricultural and environmental samples are digested with acid, and arsenic and selenium are determined using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Interelement interferences are eliminated by high acid concentrations or cation exchange resins. Agreement with standard reference material is excellent. The technique is also applied to actual samples. PMID- 3240959 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of rotenone in fish, crayfish, mussels, and sediments. AB - An analytical procedure is described for determining residues of rotenone in fish muscle, fish offal, crayfish, freshwater mussels, and bottom sediments. Tissue samples were extracted with ethyl ether and extracts were cleaned up by gel permeation chromatography and silica gel chromatography. Sediment samples were extracted with methanol, acidified, partitioned into hexane, and cleaned up on a silica gel column. Rotenone residues were quantitated by liquid chromatography, using ultraviolet (295 nm) detection. Recoveries from sediment samples fortified with rotenone at 0.3 microgram/g were 80.8%, whereas recoveries from tissue samples fortified with 0.1 microgram/g ranged from 87.7 to 96.8%. Samples fortified with 0.3 microgram/g and stored at -10 degrees C for 6 months before analysis had recoveries ranging from 83.2 to 90.5%. Limits of detection were 0.025 microgram/g for sediments and 0.005 microgram/g for tissue samples. PMID- 3240960 TI - Simultaneous determination of dextrose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose in sausage products by liquid chromatography. AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the simultaneous determination of dextrose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose in sausage products has been developed. Dextrose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose are extracted from comminuted meat products with 52% ethanol. After filtration, the extracts are purified by passing them through a C18 Sep-Pak cartridge and 2 ion exchange resin Econo-columns in series. After concentration and filtration, extracts are analyzed by LC using a normal phase amino column and a differential refractometer detector. Homogeneously ground samples of cooked and fresh sausages are fortified with dextrose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose at 4 different concentrations. Average recovery for dextrose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose at all 4 levels of fortification was greater than 80% with a coefficient of variation less than 10%. PMID- 3240961 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of olaquindox in medicated feeds and in contents of porcine gastrointestinal tract. AB - A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of olaquindox in both medicated feeds and porcine gastrointestinal tract is described. Samples are extracted with water and cleaned on a disposable reverse-phase column. The eluate is chromatographed on a reverse-phase column under isocratic conditions. Olaquindox is detected by UV absorption at 260 nm. The minimum amount detected by this method was 0.075 ng. The corresponding minimum detectable concentration in a 1 g sample was 0.3 mg/kg. The detector response was linear within the interval of 0-500 ng. Mean recovery of olaquindox in spiked gastrointestinal samples was 89 +/- 5% (mean +/- standard deviation, n = 43). Concentration profiles of olaquindox in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed medicated feed were used to evaluate the preventive potency against Treponema hyodysenteriae. The presence of some N-O reduced metabolites of olaquindox in the gastrointestinal tract was assessed. PMID- 3240962 TI - Nicotine analysis of commercial tobacco products. AB - The use of AOAC standard methods for the determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products is shown to be inappropriate. The methods do not provide for suitable sample preparation of these products for the analysis and, in addition, they yield high results. Evidence is presented that the nicotine or total alkaloids measured includes artifact nicotine. The distillation method was developed at a time when the complex alkaloid chemistry of tobacco was unknown, and does not take into consideration the possible contribution of substances in tobacco capable of contributing falsely to the result. The Cundiff-Markunas method, developed more recently, also fails to account for this effect--probably because it was designed to produce results matching those of the distillation method. Replacement of the standard methods is proposed and some alternative procedures are suggested. PMID- 3240963 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of propyl paraben in cigarette filler. AB - A liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of propyl paraben in cigarette tobacco filler has been developed. Propyl paraben is extracted from cigarette tobacco filler with acetonitrile and further purified using a silica Sep-Pak cartridge and ethyl acetate-petroleum ether (1 + 4) as eluting solvent. The purified extracts are analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography using buffered water (pH 4)-acetonitrile (65 + 35) as mobile phase, with UV detection at 254 nm. Cut tobacco samples were fortified with 100 and 200 ppm propyl paraben. Average recoveries (N = 5) of propyl paraben were 98 and 94%, respectively, with coefficients of variation less than 4%. PMID- 3240964 TI - Application of 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic method for quinidine to simultaneous determination of quinidine and dihydroquinidine in quinidine sulfate tablets. AB - Based on the structural differences between quinidine and dihydroquinidine, a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic method previously reported for quinidine drug substance was modified and shown to be applicable to the quantitative determination of both compounds in quinidine sulfate tablets. Deuterated chloroform was used as the solvent and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane served as an internal standard. The average recovery and standard deviation of quinidine sulfate (calculated as the sum of quinidine sulfate plus dihydroquinidine sulfate) from synthetic formulations was 98.94 +/- 0.43% (n = 10). Five lots of 200 mg tablets of quinidine sulfate from one commercial source were found to contain from 92.9 to 95.8% quinidine sulfate, and from 1.1 to 7.0% dihydroquinidine sulfate. PMID- 3240965 TI - UV spectrophotometric determination of hydralazine hydrochloride in tablets: collaborative study. AB - A UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of hydralazine hydrochloride in tablets was collaboratively studied by 5 laboratories. The method is based on conversion of hydralazine to a tetrazolo [5,1-alpha]phthalazine derivative which shows an absorption maximum at about 274 nm. Each collaborator received blind duplicate samples of 2 commercial powdered composites from 10 and 100 mg tablets, and 1 synthetic tablet formulation. Each collaborator also received a set of 10 tablets for determination of content uniformity. The pooled mean recovery of hydralazine hydrochloride from the synthetic formulation was 101.2 +/- 0.94%. The mean assay values for 10 and 100 mg tablets were 95.6 +/- 0.98 and 101.0 +/- 0.73% of the declared amounts, respectively, with corresponding CV values of 1.02 and 0.73%. The pooled mean for individual tablet assay was 99.8 +/- 3.26% of the declared value, with a CV of 3.29%. The method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 3240966 TI - Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic analysis of cephalosporins. AB - A simple and rapid reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 13 cephalosporin compounds. A mixture of cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefamandole nafate, cefamandole sodium, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftizoxime, cephalothin, cephalexin, cephapirin, and cephradine was resolved into its components in raw material and dosage form samples by using a C18 column, a methanol-water-acetic acid (30 + 70 + 0.1) mobile phase, and a UV detector set at 254 nm. The proposed method is suited both for the determination of cephalosporins in a wide variety of commercial dosage forms and for the investigation of related compounds and other impurities in samples of 7 of the cephalosporins. PMID- 3240967 TI - Spectrofluorometric assay of thiamine hydrochloride in injections and multivitamin preparations. AB - A spectrofluorometric method is described for the determination of thiamine hydrochloride. The method is based on formation of a fluorescent product by oxidation of thiamine HCl with 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-1,4-benzoquinone in aqueous acetonitrile solution. The reaction product is stable for at least 6 h and shows excitation and emission maxima around 355 and 420 nm, respectively. The method is highly selective for thiamine HCl in the presence of other B vitamins. Thiamine HCl can be determined at concentrations as low as 20-160 ng/mL of the final solutions. When the method was applied to the determination of thiamine HCl added to some commercially available multivitamin preparations, recoveries were 98.78 99.98%. PMID- 3240968 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of isocarboxazid bulk drug and tablets by reaction with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde. AB - A spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of isocarboxazid. The method is based on the reaction of the drug with p dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde in the presence of trichloroacetic acid in a methanolic medium to produce a very intense red chromophore (lambda max = 500 nm, Emax = 1.05 x 10(5]. The reaction is proposed to proceed via electrophilic attack at the C-4 position of the isoxazole nucleus. Job's plot indicated a 1:1 drug-to reagent ratio. Regression analysis of Beer's plot showed excellent correlation (r = 0.9996) in the concentration range 0.25-2.10 micrograms isocarboxazid/mL. The developed color is stable for at least 12 h. Results of analyses of bulk drug and tablets by the proposed method are comparable to those for USP XXI methods. PMID- 3240969 TI - Competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of sulfamethazine residues in swine urine and muscle tissue. AB - A sensitive assay for the detection of sulfamethazine in swine urine and muscle tissue using a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed. Undiluted urine or a phosphate-buffered saline extract of pork muscle tissue is mixed with an enzyme-labeled conjugate of sulfamethazine and horseradish peroxidase. The mixture is added to wells of a microtiter plate coated with antibody to sulfamethazine. After the test system is incubated, washed, and re-incubated with substrate and the reaction is stopped, the absorbance is measured at 405 nm. Levels of sulfamethazine as low as 20 ng sulfamethazine/g muscle tissue and 10 ng sulfamethazine/mL swine urine were detected and estimated. PMID- 3240970 TI - Dimetridazole residues in pork tissue. I. Assay by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector. AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method with electrochemical detection in the reductive mode was developed for the quantitative determination of dimetridazole (DMZ) and its major metabolite (HMMNI) at residue levels in pork tissue. For blood plasma, a sample is precipitated with 2 volumes of acetonitrile and centrifuged, and a diluted aliquot of the supernatant liquid is chromatographed. For muscle, a 10 g sample is extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. After evaporation of the combined extracts, the residue is redissolved in a mixture of hexane and mobile phase (0.3% TEA in 0.6M ammonium acetate pH 5.0 and acetonitrile, 85 + 15) and centrifuged, and an aliquot of the lower phase is chromatographed. Chromatography is accomplished using valve switching with 2 liquid circuits, employing the same mobile phase for both. The sample is deaerated by sparging with helium under slight positive pressure to prevent rediffusion of the oxygen. The sample is first loaded into a deoxygenator and the flow is stopped for complete deoxygenation. The flow is then resumed to transfer the sample into the first, low back-pressure column (ODS, 10 microns, 4.6 x 200 mm). Switching the valve at this point removes the deoxygenator from the circuit and connects the first column to a second one (ODS, 5 microns, 4.6 x 150 mm) in tandem. After the effluent is passed through a second deoxygenator to reduce the residual oxygen in the mobile phase, it is monitored by an electrochemical detector with a screened wall jet cell and a gold mercury electrode, set at -1.2 V.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3240971 TI - Dimetridazole residues in pork tissue. II. Application of liquid chromatographic method to monitor elimination of drug and its major metabolite. AB - A study was conducted to monitor the elimination of dimetridazole (DMZ) and its major metabolite 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (HMMNI) in swine plasma and tissue, using a liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detector sensitive to 0.5 ppb. The study consisted of 2 experiments. In the preliminary experiment, one young female piglet was fed medicated ration containing 125 ppm dimetridazole (DMZ) for 2 weeks, followed by a withdrawal period using regular ration for 5 days. Another, control, piglet was given regular diet throughout. Plasma concentrations of DMZ and its most important residue, HMMNI, were measured daily at 2 h after the morning feeding and, on days 8 and 15, several times during the day. The 2 h concentrations after 3 days loading ranged from 47 to 77 ppb for DMZ and 424 to 1081 ppb for HMMNI. A daily cycle in the plasma levels was seen for both substances. Upon withdrawal of medication, elimination of drug and metabolite was biexponential with a terminal half-life of 6.7 h. In the second experiment, 5 piglets were medicated as above and slaughtered 2, 6, 12, 25, and 49 h after withdrawal of the medication; the concentration of DMZ and HMMNI was measured in plasma, muscle, kidney, and liver. DMZ in the plasma amounted to 22 and 1.8 ppb at 2 and 6 h, while HMMNI declined from 535 ppb at 2 h to 0.75 ppb at 25 h. Most values for both substances found in muscle were close to those in the plasma; in kidney they amounted to 9-17% of the plasma levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3240972 TI - Confirmation of levamisole residues in cattle and swine livers by capillary gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry. AB - Capillary gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry is used to confirm the presence of levamisole in cattle and swine livers at the 0.1 ppm tolerance level. Use of a fused silica capillary column from injector to detector solved chromatographic problems encountered with the analyte. Of the mass spectrometric techniques evaluated, electron impact mass spectrometry provided the most satisfactory data for a confirmatory method. Recoveries from swine and cattle livers fortified at 0.1 ppm averaged 74.9 and 72.7%, respectively, indicating potential utility of this methodology as a quantitative method. Apparent levamisole residues in control livers were less than 0.01 ppm. PMID- 3240973 TI - Determination of gold in animal tissue by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - Historically, compounds that contain gold have been used to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis in humans. However, understanding of the metabolic fate of gold in biological tissues has been limited by lack of sensitive quantitative methods of analysis. We addressed this problem by developing a graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) spectrophotometric method to measure trace amounts of gold. This method was validated on small samples of beef liver, kidney, and bone. The samples were digested in micro-Kjeldahl flasks with a mixture of sulfuric, perchloric, and nitric acids; the residue was treated with aqua regia and extracted into methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK); levels of gold were then measured by GFAA. All the reagents were of an ultra-pure grade and were monitored for gold content. We established that the linear range of quantitation was from 1 to 2500 ppb. Multiple extractions with MIBK were not necessary to recover all the gold, and, in most cases, use of ultra-pure acids was not necessary. A scan of the extracts by inductively coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry revealed no appreciable concentration of elements that would be most likely to interfere with the determination of gold. Average recoveries of gold ranged from 102 to 111%, and the overall coefficient of variation was 5.5%. PMID- 3240974 TI - Determination of thiamphenicol in bovine plasma by liquid chromatography. AB - A liquid chromatographic method is described for the measurement of thiamphenicol in bovine plasma. The plasma (1 mL) is extracted with ethyl acetate. After the solvent is evaporated under a stream of nitrogen, the residue is reconstituted in methanol-water and analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection at 224 nm. The intra-day recoveries for bovine plasma spiked with 5 and 50 micrograms/mL of thiamphenicol were 102 and 101%, respectively, with coefficients of variation of 2.40 and 0.28%, respectively. The interday recoveries for the 5 and 50 micrograms/mL samples were 103 and 101%, respectively, with coefficients of variation of 3.40 and 0.94%, respectively. The sensitivity of the method allows quantitation to at least the 100 ng/mL level. PMID- 3240975 TI - Gas chromatographic assay of supplemental vitamin E acetate concentrates: collaborative study. AB - A gas chromatographic (GC) method for determination of supplemental alpha tocopheryl acetate in high potency vitamin E powders and oils was collaboratively studied as an alternative to the AOAC colorimetric method (43.147-43.151, Emmerie Engel), which requires saponification, extraction of the saponifiable fraction, and quantitation by colorimetry. The simpler GC procedure requires only extraction and/or enzymatic digestion and dilution before quantitation. Six blind duplicates were distributed to 10 laboratories; all 10 returned results. Repeatability (sr) and reproducibility (sR), % vitamin E/g, for the feed oil concentrates was 1.1 and 1.3, respectively; for the feed adsorbates 1.0 and 1.5; and for the spray-formulated powders 1.4 and 1.3. These results compare favorably with results obtained in a comparison study of the GC and Emmerie-Engel methods conducted by BASF in 1985. The method has been approved interim official first action for determination of alpha-tocopheryl acetate in vitamin E acetate concentrates as an alternative for those products only to AOAC colorimetric method 43.147-43.151. PMID- 3240977 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of epoxidized soybean oil contamination of foods by migration from plastic packaging. AB - A method for the quantitative determination of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) in foods is described. The procedure involves addition of a diepoxidized fatty acid ester internal standard, followed by lipid extraction from the food and transmethylation under basic conditions. Without further cleanup, the methylated fatty acid epoxides are derivatized to form 1,3-dioxolanes, which are then determined by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. A detection limit of 2.0 mg/kg of epoxidized soybean oil in foods and a relative standard deviation of 7% have been achieved routinely. The method has been applied successfully to the analysis of cheeses, sandwiches, cakes, and microwave-cooked meals which have been contaminated with ESBO by migration from PVC film. PMID- 3240976 TI - Complete amino acid analysis in hydrolysates of foods and feces by liquid chromatography of precolumn phenylisothiocyanate derivatives. AB - The amino acid analysis method using precolumn phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) derivatization and liquid chromatography was modified for accurate determination of methionine (as methionine sulfone), cysteine/cystine (as cysteic acid), and all other amino acids, except tryptophan, in hydrolyzed samples of foods and feces. A simple liquid chromatographic method (requiring no derivatization) for the determination of tryptophan in alkaline hydrolysates of foods and feces was also developed. Separation of all amino acids by liquid chromatography was completed in 12 min compared with 60-90 min by ion-exchange chromatography. Variation expressed as coefficients of variation (CV) for the determination of most amino acids in the food and feces samples was not more than 4%, which compared favorably with the reproducibility of ion-exchange methods. Data for amino acids and recoveries of amino acid nitrogen obtained by liquid chromatographic methods were also similar to those obtained by conventional ion exchange procedures. PMID- 3240978 TI - FDA Total Diet Study, April 1982-April 1984, dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals. AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducts the Total Diet Study to determine dietary intakes of selected pesticides, industrial chemicals, and elements (including radionuclides). The current study, which reflects significant redesign implemented in April 1982, involves retail purchase of foods representative of the "total diet" of the U.S. population, preparation for "table-ready" consumption, and individual analyses of 234 items depicting the diets of 8 population groups. The dietary revision was based on 2 nationwide food consumption surveys. The data presented represent 8 food collections (also termed "market baskets") in regional metropolitan areas during the 2-year period. Dietary intakes of over 100 analytes are presented for the 8 population groups, which range from infants to elderly adults. Intakes of selected population groups are compared with representative previous findings. As in the past, average daily intakes are within acceptable limits. PMID- 3240979 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of saccharin in beverages and desserts: complementary collaborative study. AB - A complementary collaborative study was conducted on a liquid chromatographic method for determination of saccharin in accordance with the latest international recommendations. One industrial and 6 official food control laboratories analyzed 3 samples of a juice, a soft drink, and a dessert at concentration levels of 26 90 mg/L, 33-73 mg/L, and 56-147 mg/kg, respectively. Blind duplicates and a blank were supplied for each type of material at each concentration level. The beverage was chromatographed directly and the dessert was extracted with ethanol before chromatography. Average recoveries were 95-107%. The reproducibility relative standard deviations were 6.4-7.3% for the juice, 9.2-20.6% for the soft drink, and 13.4-16.2% for the dessert. The outlier percentage was 14.3%. The results were compared with those of an earlier collaborative study by Nordic laboratories and with general collaborative results obtained by AOAC. PMID- 3240980 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of cyclamate in soft drinks and desserts: complementary collaborative study. AB - Fifteen official food control laboratories participated in a collaborative study of a spectrophotometric method to determine cyclamate in a soft drink and a dessert at concentrations of 90-311 mg/L and 202-526 mg/kg, respectively, with blind duplicates and a blank. Average recovery from the soft drink was 97.5%, and from the dessert, 98.6%. Reproducibility relative standard deviations were 4.7 6.5% and 6.9-8.5%, respectively. The outlier percentage was 5.5%. This study complements an earlier work by leading Nordic food laboratories and was designed according to the latest recommendations. The results of this study were compared with those of the earlier collaborative study and with general collaborative results obtained by AOAC. PMID- 3240981 TI - Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Program. Residues in foods--1987. AB - A total of 14,492 samples of domestically produced and imported food from 79 countries were analyzed for pesticide residues in 1987. No residues were found in over 50% of the samples. When residues were found, they were usually at low levels and rarely exceeded tolerances. Most violative residues were found in commodities where a tolerance had not been established for a specific pesticide/commodity combination. Less than 1% of the 14,492 samples contained residues that exceeded regulatory limits. These findings are supported by the Total Diet Study data, which show that the dietary intake of pesticide residues is only a small fraction of acceptable limits. The program described in this report continues with modifications designed to place additional emphasis on imports, better target both domestic and imported foods, increased the number of selective surveys to add information on residue occurrence, and expand FDA/state cooperative activities. PMID- 3240982 TI - Amino acid composition and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of human phospholipase A2 purified from rheumatoid synovial fluid. AB - The amino acid composition and partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of an extracellular phospholipase A2 in human rheumatoid synovial fluid were determined. The predominant amino acids in the phospholipase A2 were cysteine, glycine, arginine, and lysine, suggesting that it is a basic one. The NH2 terminal 34 amino acids were found to be as follows: Asn-Leu-Val-Asn-Phe-His-Arg Met-Ile-Lys-Leu-Thr-Thr-Gly-Lys-Glu-Ala-Ala-Leu- Ser-Tyr-Gly-Phe-Tyr-Gly-Cys-X Cys-Gly-Val-Gly-Gly-Arg-Gly The enzyme contains Phe-5, Met-8, Ile-9, Tyr-24, Gly 25, Cys-26, Cys-28, Gly-29, Gly-31, Gly-32, and Gly-34 residues, all of which are conserved in most of the sequenced phospholipase A2. The remarkable feature of this enzyme was the absence of Cys-11, which is conserved in the "Group I" enzyme family. This is the first report concerning partial amino acid sequences of human non-pancreatic phospholipase A2. PMID- 3240983 TI - Preparation of tubulin from Caulerpa, a marine green alga, using casein as a protective agent against proteolytic degradation. AB - Bidirectional organelle movements taking place in the cytoplasm of the rhizomes of Caulerpa, a coenocytic marine green alga, have been indicated to be dependent on microtubules (Kuroda, K. & Manabe, E. (1983) Proc. Jpn. Acad. 59B, 131-134; Manabe, E. & Kuroda, K. (1984) Proc. Jpn. Acad. 60B, 118-121). However, when a crude extract of Caulerpa rhizomes was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and subjected to immunoblotting with monoclonal anti-tubulin antibody, no reacting band could be detected. This apparent absence of tubulin in the extract was found to be a result of the complete degradation of tubulin by potent intrinsic proteolytic activity. All of the commercially available protease inhibitors so far tested (p chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid, phenyl methylsulfonyl fluoride, 1-chloro-4 phenyl-3-tosylamido-2-butanone, 7-amino-1-chloro-3-tosylamido-2-heptanone, p tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester, soybean trypsin inhibitor, antipain, chymostatin, leupeptin, and pepstatin) failed to inhibit the activity completely. But addition of casein at the concentration of 1% (weight per volume) to the solutions used for preparation was effective in protecting tubulin from proteolytic degradation, thus making it possible to prepare tubulin from the crude extract of Caulerpa. On SDS-PAGE, the Caulerpa alpha-tubulin thus prepared was a little smaller in molecular weight than that of rabbit brain. PMID- 3240984 TI - Photocross-linking from dinitrophenylated SH1 in myosin head. II. Cross-linked site on 50-kDa fragment. AB - We reported in the preceding paper [Muno, D., et al. (1987) J. Biochem. 101, 661 669] that the dinitrophenyl group exclusively introduced to SH1 on the 20-kDa fragment of myosin subfragment 1 was cross-linked to the 50-kDa fragment by irradiation, and that limited trypsinolysis of the cross-linked S1 generated an 83-kDa peptide, a cross-linking product between the 20- and 50-kDa fragments. This paper will deal with the location of the cross-linked residue on the 50-kDa fragment. When the 83-kDa fragment labeled at SH2 with a fluorogenic SH reagent was subjected to bromocyanolysis, a main fluorescent band, which implied a cross linked peptide, appeared in the position with an apparent molecular mass of 18.5 kDa on SDS-PAGE. On the other hand, another cross-linked peptide was obtained from a complete tryptic digest of a 83-kDa fragment rich fraction. Amino acid sequence analysis of the two cross-linked peptides revealed that the DNP moiety attached at SH1 was cross-linked with a residue in the segment of the heavy chain spanning the 485-493 region from the N-terminus of the heavy chain. PMID- 3240985 TI - Characteristic thermodynamic properties of hydrated water for 20 amino acid residues in globular proteins. AB - Thermodynamic properties associated with hydrated water of proteins of known three-dimensional structure were computed and average values of hydration free energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity of unfolding for every amino acid residue were obtained. Each amino acid residue had characteristic values; in particular, the quantities for a side chain reflected the character of the amino acid, while those for the main chain were more or less the same except for glycine, alanine, and proline. The major contribution to the quantities was from the end group(s) of a side chain. The following interesting features were found. 1) The hydration quantity of unfolding derived from the native and extended conformations for a protein was approximately equal to the sum of the corresponding average quantities of component amino acid residues in the protein. 2) The profile of a quantity such as hydration free energy of unfolding along the sequence computed from the accessible surface areas of the native and extended conformations showed a strong correlation with the profile obtained by allocating the average value for the amino acid residue at every position on the sequence. The correlation coefficients between two profiles for unfolding quantities of hydration, i.e., free energy, enthalpy, heat capacity, and free energy of side chain are 0.72, 0.62, 0.80, and 0.75, respectively. Thus, every amino acid residue in the native conformation of a globular protein seems to be located in such a position that a thermodynamic quantity for each residue is approximately equal to its average value. PMID- 3240986 TI - Intermolecular interactions between protein and other molecules including hydration effects. AB - The structural aspects of protein functions, e.g., molecular recognition such as enzyme-substrate and antibody-antigen interactions, are elucidated in terms of dehydration and atomic interactions. When a protein interacts with some target molecule, water molecules at the interacting regions of both molecules are removed, with loss of the hydration free energy, but gaining atomic interactions between atoms of the contact sites in both molecules. The free energies of association originating from the dehydration and interactions between the atoms can be computed from changes in the accessible surface areas of the atoms involved. The free energy due to interactions between atomic groups at the contact sites is estimated as the sum of those estimated from the changes in the accessible surface area of 7 atomic groups, assuming that the interactions are proportional to the change of the area. The chain enthalpies and entropies evaluated from experimental thermodynamic properties and hydration quantities at the standard temperature for 10 proteins were available to determine the proportional constants for the atomic groups. This method was applied to the evaluation of association constants for the dimerization of proteins and the formation of proteolytic enzyme-inhibitor complexes, and the computed constants were in agreement with the experimental ones. However, the method is not accurate enough to account quantitatively for the change in the thermal stability of mutants of T4 lysozyme. Nevertheless, this method provides a way to elucidate the interactions between molecules in solution. PMID- 3240987 TI - Adenosine binding sites of rat pheochromocytoma PC 12 cell membranes: partial characterization and solubilization. AB - Rat pheochromocytoma PC 12 cell membranes were shown to possess A2-like adenosine binding sites as assessed by using 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide[3H]adenosine [( 3H]NECA). Specific [3H]NECA binding to PC 12 cell membrane at 0 degrees C was saturable and showed a monophasic saturation profile. In contrast, [3H]NECA binding to PC 12 cell membrane at 30 degrees C exhibited a biphasic profile suggesting the presence of two specific binding site. The rank order of potency for inhibition of [3H]NECA binding at 0 degrees C was NECA greater than 2 chloroadenosine greater than 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine greater than isobutylmethylxanthine much greater than phenylisopropyladenosine. These adenosine binding sites were solubilized with sodium cholate and the solubilized portion retained the same ligand binding characteristics as those of the membrane bound form. Gel filtration experiments indicated an apparent Stokes radius of 6.7 nm for these adenosine binding sites/detergent complexes. PMID- 3240988 TI - Purification and properties of N-acyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase from Flavobacterium sp. 141-8. AB - A new enzyme, N-acyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase, was purified to apparent homogeneity from a cell-free extract of Flavobacterium sp. 141-8 and some of its properties were investigated. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 8.0-9.5. N Acetyl- and N-glycolyl-D-mannosamine were oxidized but other commonly existing sugars, such as N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, amino sugars, neutral hexoses, and pentoses, were not oxidized. NAD+ was specifically utilized as an effective hydrogen acceptor. The apparent Km values for N-acetyl- and N-glycolyl D-mannosamine, and NAD+ were 1.0, 13.3, and 0.41 mM, respectively. The stoichiometry data showed that 1 mol each of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine and NAD+ were converted to 1 mol each of N-acetyl-D-mannosaminic acid and NADH, respectively. Although the formation of lactone was detected in the enzyme reaction mixture, the reverse reaction of the enzyme, the reduction of N-acetyl-D-mannosamino lactone, was not observed. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Hg2+ and SDS, but metal-chelating reagents and sulfhydryl-group-blocking reagents had almost no effect. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 120,000 on gel filtration and 29,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its isoelectric point was at pH 4.8. On trial application of the enzyme, it was indicated that N-acetylneuraminic acid can be determined quantitatively with the combined enzyme system involving the new enzyme and N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase. PMID- 3240989 TI - Constitutive testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase in rat liver. AB - The cytochrome P-450 that was purified from hepatic microsomes of male rats treated with phenobarbital and designated P450 PB-1 (Funae and Imaoka (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 842, 119-132) had high testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation activity (turnover rate, 13.5 nmol of product/min/nmol of P-450) in a reconstituted system consisting of cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, cytochrome b5, and a 1:1 mixture of lecithin and phosphatidylserine in the presence of sodium cholate. In ordinary conditions in the reconstituted system with cytochrome P-450, reductase, and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, P450 PB-1 had little 6 beta-hydroxylase activity. The catalytic activities toward testosterone of two major constitutive forms, P450 UT-2 and P450 UT-5, were not affected by cytochrome b5, phospholipid, or sodium cholate. P450 PB-1 in rat liver microsomes was assayed by immunoblotting with specific antibody to P450 PB 1. P450 PB-1 accounted for 24.4 +/- 5.6% (mean +/- SD) of the total spectrally measured cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsomes of untreated adult male rats, and was not found in untreated adult female rats. P450 PB-1 was induced twofold with phenobarbital in male rats. P450 PB-1 was purified from untreated male rats and identified as P450 PB-1 from phenobarbital-treated rats by its NH2-terminal sequence, peptide mapping, and immunochemistry. These results showed that P450 PB 1 is a constitutive male-specific form in rat liver. There was a good correlation (r = 0.925) between the P450 PB-1 level and testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase activity in rat liver microsomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3240990 TI - Identification of calcium binding proteins in two-dimensional gel electrophoretic pattern of Drosophila thorax and their distribution in two types of muscles. AB - Ten Drosophila thorax proteins (six myosin light chains and four proteins called a, b, c, d) were found to have high affinities with Ca2+. This was proved after subjecting the total Drosophila thorax proteins to two-dimensional (2D) transblot, followed by 45Ca2+ autoradiography. Three proteins (a, c, d) showed Ca2+ dependent electrophoretic mobility changes. To know their tissue-specific localization, fibrillar and tubular type muscle fibers were individually dissected from freeze-dried flies and separately subjected to 2D gel electrophoresis. Fibrillar type muscle had protein b and a small amount of protein a. Tubular type muscle had proteins c, d and a very large amount of protein a. Protein d was characterized to be calmodulin. PMID- 3240991 TI - Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of fatty acids as their anilides. AB - The mass spectra of a series of saturated (C16:0-C30:0) and unsaturated (C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3) fatty acids have been recorded as their anilides using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with the atmospheric-pressure-ionization interface system. The spectra show an intense peak for (molecule + H)+ ion in each case. The liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric separation was performed on a reverse phase column using a solvent system of methanol alone or methanol + 2-propanol. This method seemed promising for application to both qualitative and quantitative micro-analysis of fatty acids including very long chain fatty acids. PMID- 3240992 TI - A novel, carbohydrate signal-mediated cell surface protein phosphorylation: ganglioside GQ1b stimulates ecto-protein kinase activity on the cell surface of a human neuroblastoma cell line, GOTO. AB - A ganglioside-stimulated ecto-type protein phosphorylation system (ecto-Gg kinase) was detected on the cell surface of a human neuroblastoma cell line (GOTO). When intact cells were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, at least 28 cell surface proteins were phosphorylated, as evident on SDS-PAGE (4-20%) analysis. Exogenously added gangliosides specifically stimulated the phosphorylation of at least three cell surface associated proteins of Mr = 64,000, 60,000, and 54,000. Phosphorylation was directed toward Thr and Ser residues, respectively, as revealed on acid hydrolysis followed by electrophoresis. GQ1b, at 5 nM, was the most potent among the several gangliosides tested and was more effective when added to cells before [gamma-32P]ATP administration. The simultaneous addition of an excess amount of the saccharide portion of GQ1b (oligo-GQ1b) inhibited the GQ1b-stimulated phosphorylation, indicating the necessity of the sialosaccharide moiety. These results strongly suggest that phosphorylation of the three proteins may be closely associated with the highly specific neuritogenic effect of GQ1b previously reported. PMID- 3240993 TI - Bovine high-molecular-weight kininogen: a revision of the amino acid sequence of the light chain portion. AB - The amino acid sequence of the COOH-terminal light chain portion of bovine high molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK) was reinvestigated, since some discrepancy of the amino acid sequence, which we reported previously, was found in the cDNA analysis for bovine HMWK (Kitamura, N. et al. (1983) Nature 305, 545-548). The results showed that the following positions in the light chain should be revised: Gln-23 to Glu, the sequence Asp-Asp-Asp-Trp-Ser at positions 62-66 to Ser-Asp-Asp Asp-Trp, Asp-102 to Asn, and Gln-109 to Glu. PMID- 3240994 TI - Identification of a protein factor and the nucleotide sequence required for processing of mouse precursor rRNA. AB - We have studied the protein components and nucleotide sequence involved in the endonucleolytic cleavage at 105 bp upstream of the 5' end of mouse 18S rRNA. By fractionating the mouse S100 extract into four fractions by phosphocellulose chromatography, we separated and characterized the processing factor which participated in in vitro coupled and uncoupled transcription-processing systems. Processing activity was recovered in the flow-through fraction (fraction A), while the transcription initiation was supported by the combination of fractions C and D. This endonucleolytic cleavage activity was heat-labile and resistant to micrococcal nuclease. By constructing deletion fragments, we found that the sequence between 219 bp upstream and 26 bp downstream of the processing site was required for the processing. This sequence does not include the 18S rRNA coding region and can form a stem-loop secondary structure. PMID- 3240995 TI - Amino acid sequence of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) chymotrypsin inhibitor, WCI-3. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of winged bean chymotrypsin inhibitor 3 (WCI-3) was determined by the conventional methods. WCI-3 consisted of 183 amino acid residues, but was heterogeneous in the carboxyl terminal region owing to the loss of one to four carboxyl terminal amino acid residues. The sequence of WCI-3 was highly homologous with those of soybean trypsin inhibitor Tia, winged bean trypsin inhibitor WTI-1, and Erythrina latissima trypsin inhibitor DE-3. One of the reactive site peptide bonds of WCI-3 was identified as Leu(65)-Ser(66), which was located at the same position as those of the other Kunitz-family leguminous proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 3240996 TI - Molecular mechanism of iodide transport by thyroid plasmalemmal vesicles: cooperative sodium activation and asymmetrical affinities for the ions on the outside and inside of the vesicles. AB - The 125I- uptake by plasmalemmal vesicles from porcine thyroid was measured by a Millipore filtration method using 2 mM ClO4- as a reaction stopper. Effective uptake occurred in the presence of high concentrations of extravesicular Na+ (Na+o). In the presence of Na-ionophores such as monensin and nigericin, no uptake was observed and the accumulated I- was released. The initial rate of I- uptake increased with the concentration of extravesicular I- (I-o) according to simple saturation kinetics and [I-o] giving a half-maximum rate of about 5 microM. The dependence of the rate on [Na+o] showed cooperativity with a Hill coefficient of 1.8, and a KNa value of 0.0064 M2, suggesting that the binding of at least 2 Na+ ions to a carrier molecule was required to transport an I- ion. Further kinetic data were consistent with a mechanism in which bindings of the ions were rapid and the Na+ binding occurred prior to the I- binding. Intravesicular Na+ inhibited the I- uptake and the inhibition constant (KiNa) was about 4 mM, independently of [I-o] and [Na+o]. Intravesicular I- inhibited the I- uptake with an apparent KiI value of about 100 microM. The results suggest that the differences in the Na+- and I- -binding modes between outside and inside of the vesicles are important factors causing the I- uptake against its concentration gradient. PMID- 3240997 TI - Determination of the positions of the disulfide bonds in aqualysin I (a thermophilic alkaline serine protease) of Thermus aquaticus YT-1. AB - Aqualysin I is a heat-stable alkaline serine protease produced by Thermus aquaticus YT-1. Aqualysin I comprises 281 amino acid residues and contains four cysteine residues. The cysteine residues seemed to form disulfide bonds in the molecule. Thus, the positions of the disulfide bonds were investigated. Disulfide bond-containing peptides were identified by peptide mapping with HPLC before and after carboxymethylation of chymotryptic peptides of aqualysin I. The disulfide bond-containing peptides were isolated and then carboxymethylated. Carboxymethylcysteine-containing peptides were purified, and their amino acid compositions and sequences were determined. Based on the data obtained and the primary structure of aqualysin I, it was concluded that two disulfide bonds were formed between Cys67 and Cys99, and between Cys163 and Cys194. PMID- 3240998 TI - Nonspecific lipid transfer protein (sterol carrier protein-2) is located in rat liver peroxisomes. AB - Intracellular localization of nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) in rat hepatocytes was investigated by immunoblot analysis of the subcellular fractions and immunoelectron microscopy, using affinity-purified antibody against nsLTP. Immunoblot analysis showed that the protein exists in the peroxisomal and cytosolic fractions. Further study indicated that nsLTP exists in the soluble subfraction of the peroxisomes. Immunoelectron microscopic observation revealed that nsLTP is highly concentrated in the matrices of the peroxisomes. From these results, we concluded that nsLTP mainly exists in the matrix of the peroxisomes. The role of nsLTP is discussed. PMID- 3240999 TI - 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of neonatal pig testis: purification and some properties. AB - 20 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was purified from a cytosol fraction of neonatal pig testes to homogeneity as demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and by isoelectric focusing. The molecular weight was estimated to be 30,500 using PAGE with sodium dodecyl sulfate and the gel filtration method. Molecular estimations showed that the purified enzyme consisted of a single polypeptide chain. It catalyzed the reduction of 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone to 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one with NADPH. Furthermore, the C21-steroids, such as progesterone, pregnenolone, 17 alpha hydroxypregnenolone, deoxycorticosterone, and deoxycortisol were also reduced by the purified enzyme. Apparent Km values for 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, pregnenolone, and deoxycorticosterone were 9.4, 1.5, 4.0, and 8.6 microM, respectively. The enzyme did not show 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. The maximum rate of enzyme activity was observed at 45 degrees C and optimum pH was at pH 5.5. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by heavy metal ions such as Hg2+ and Cu2+. PMID- 3241000 TI - Isolation and characterization of lectins specific for mannose/fucose/N acetylglucosamine from rat peritoneal macrophages. AB - Rat peritoneal macrophages were shown to have two distinct mannose/fucose/N acetylglucosamine-specific lectins. The major lectin of 180 kDa, which is similar in size to the mannose receptor first isolated from alveolar macrophages (Wileman, T.E., Lennartz, M.R., & Stahl, P.D. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 83, 2501-2505), was shown to occur as a dimer under nondenaturing conditions. The 29 and 32 kDa lectins were identified as members of the liver mannan-binding protein family on the basis of their immunochemical crossreactivity, collagenase sensitivity, and molecular sizes (Oka, S., Ikeda, K., Kawasaki, T., & Yamashina, I. (1988) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 260, 257-266). Despite the similarity in the sugar binding specificity, these two types of lectin were clearly differentiated with regard to the binding to IgM molecules. The 29 and 32 kDa lectins bound to IgM most likely through high-mannose type oligosaccharides on IgM, whereas the 180 kDa lectin did not. PMID- 3241001 TI - Quantitation of specific mRNA by RNA-RNA hybridization kinetics with single stranded riboprobes. AB - A quantitative procedure by a solution hybridization involving RNA-RNA hybridization kinetics was developed for measurement of specific mRNA accumulated in particular tissues and cells. For quantitating mouse beta-tubulin mRNA two types of riboprobes were prepared: one was a truncated RNA covering only the coding portion of beta-tubulin cDNA and the other was a non-truncated RNA covering the vector portion as well as the coding portion. These antisense RNAs were hybridized with mouse brain total cellular RNA, yielding heat-stable hybrids. Both the truncated and non-truncated antisense RNA probes showed similar hybridization kinetics. Hybridization of the sense RNA, consisting of the beta tubulin coding portion, with the antisense RNA probe gave standards for determining the proportion of beta-tubulin mRNA in total brain RNA. By this method, the amounts of beta-tubulin mRNA included in the brains of 10- and 50-day old mice were quantitated to be 0.0056 and 0.0011% of total RNA, respectively. PMID- 3241002 TI - Purification and characterization of a lectin-like molecule specific for galactose/N-acetyl-galactosamine from tumoricidal macrophages. AB - A lectin-like molecule (macrophage lectin) was purified from murine peritoneal exudate macrophages which had been induced with an antitumor streptococcal preparation, OK-432. The purified macrophage lectin from both 3H-labeled and unlabeled macrophages after rechromatography on a beta-D-galactose-Bio-Gel P-100 column gave a broad single band corresponding to 45-60 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The broadness of this band was due to high N glycosylation of the lectin, because the lectin gave a compact band corresponding to 35 kDa on SDS-PAGE after deglycosylation. The lectin required Ca2+ for binding and showed an optimum pH of around 6. The sugar specificity of the lectin was examined by means of an inhibition assay using simple sugars and neoglycoproteins. The lectin was found to be specific for D-galactose/N-acetyl-D galactosamine, and not inhibited with D-mannose or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine at all. The lectin was detected on the surface of OK-432-elicited and thioglycolate elicited macrophages, but it was not detected on resident macrophages. Moreover, the binding of tumor cells to macrophages was inhibited by the addition of the purified lectin to the binding mixture. These results suggest that this lectin is expressed on the surface of activated macrophages, and that it participates in the interaction between tumoricidal macrophages and tumor cells. PMID- 3241003 TI - Physicochemical properties of charge isomers of recombinant human superoxide dismutase. AB - Recombinant human Cu2Zn2SOD expressed in Escherichia coli consisted of mainly three isomers with isoelectric points of 5.14 (A), 5.06 (B), and 4.99 (C). Each isomer was isolated by DEAE-Toyopearl chromatography and the physiochemical properties were investigated. No significant differences in chemical and spectrophotometric properties, such as specific activity, metal contents, amino acid composition, and UV and ESR spectra, were found. The result of labeling of free cysteine residues with ABD-F showed the disulfide bond to be formed between 57Cys and 146Cys in every isomer. A few differences were found in the CD spectrum around 260 nm and in the elution patterns on reverse-phase HPLC. The isoelectric points of the three isomers became the same after treatment by reduction and carboxymethylation and even after reduction only, pI of isomers tended to be at the value of component (A). These results suggest that the three isomers are identical in primary structure but slightly different in secondary or tertiary structure. These differences are probably derived from structural alterations around 111Cys. PMID- 3241005 TI - Videodisc utilization trends in the health sciences. AB - This paper describes a national survey designed to determine trends in videodisc utilization in academic health science centers throughout North America. In the fall of 1986, we mailed 1,449 four-page survey instruments to five different professional groups within health science institutions. Of those surveys, 247 (17%) were completed and returned. Survey results indicate a wide range of videodisc technology utilization. The role of interactive video technology for biomedical instruction is clearly expanding. PMID- 3241004 TI - The localization of sulfated glycoconjugates synthesized by the corneal epithelium of chick embryos. AB - The localization of sulfated glycoconjugates in the corneal epithelium of 19-d old chick embryo was investigated biochemically using epithelia labeled in vitro with [35S]sulfate, which exhibited autoradiographically a similar distribution of silver grains to that labeled in ovo. The radiolabeled tissues were dissociated into single cells by incubation in 0.25% trypsin containing 0.02% EDTA at 37 degrees C for 40 min. The proteoglycans and sulfated glycoproteins which were associated with the cells and those released into the dissociation medium were separated by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and analyzed on Sepharose CL-6B and SDS-PAGE. About 86% of the proteoglycans was released into the dissociation medium and more than 50% of the cell-associated ones was affected by trypsin. This indicates that the proteoglycans are mostly localized in an extracellular compartment. On the other hand, the extent of release of sulfated glycoproteins into the medium on dissociation of tissues was distinctly different depending upon their molecular weight (Mr): almost all of the sulfated glycoproteins of the family with Mr 48,000-70,000 (32% of the total sulfated glycoproteins) were recovered as intact molecules with the cells, whereas approximately 50% of those with Mr 70,000 150,000 (36%) and about 70% of those with Mr over 150,000 (28%) were released into the dissociation medium. These results indicate that the family with Mr 48,000-70,000 is localized intracellularly and that with Mr 70,000-150,000 in a compartment poorly affected by trypsin; in contrast to those, that with Mr more than 150,000 is localized in an extracellular compartment like the proteoglycans. PMID- 3241006 TI - Polymerization of multifunctional methacrylates and acrylates. AB - The cross-linking reaction of 15 dimethacrylates, one trimethacrylate and five diacrylates was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate the relationship between the polymerization characteristics and the chemical structure of these monomers. The amount of pendant double bonds (Dp) and the efficiency of cross linking (Ec) were calculated from both the extent of polymerization (Ep) and the amount of residual monomer (Rm) obtained by DSC and HPLC analyses, respectively. The Ep and Ec values of various monomers increased with an increase in the number of chain members between the functional groups, while Rm and Dp values decreased. The dimethacrylates consisting of aliphatic chains polymerized more readily than those containing aromatic units. High Ep was obtained in the aliphatic dimethacrylates and diacrylates with more than eight chain members and the aromatic dimethacrylates with more than 20 chain members among the monomers examined. These results depend presumably on the flexibility of the functional groups in the polymer network. With most dimethacrylates and diacrylates, high Ep was also observed in thermal scanning polymerization compared to isothermal polymerization at 90 degrees C. The diacrylates showed a high rate of polymerization compared to the corresponding dimethacrylates. PMID- 3241007 TI - Hydrogels for buccal drug delivery: properties relevant for muco-adhesion. AB - In order to develop a muco-adhesive hydrogel for buccal drug delivery it is necessary to understand fully the properties determining adhesiveness as well as mechanisms involved. In this study we measured glass transition temperatures, water contact angles and the peel- and shear detachment forces from porcine oral mucosa, of acrylic acid and butyl acrylate copolymers. The contact angle maximizes at 50% butyl acrylate content. The glass transition temperature decreases from 0% to 100% butyl acrylate. There seems to exist a certain combination of contact angle and glass transition temperature which is related to adhesiveness. This strongly suggests that, in order to obtain a muco-adhesive hydrogel, at least two properties have to be optimized: (1) the polarity of the polymer surface and (2) the molecular mobility of the polymer groups. PMID- 3241008 TI - Attachment and spreading of human gingival fibroblasts on potentially bioactive glasses in vitro. AB - The attachment and spreading of cultured fibroblasts on potentially bioactive glasses (bioglasses) of ten different compositions were studied. Human gingival fibroblasts were allowed to attach and spread on bio-glasses for 1-72 h. Unreactive silica glass and cell culture polystyrene served as controls. The attachment and spreading of cells were examined by 3H-thymidine labeling of cells, planimetric analysis, cytological staining, immunocytochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. The cell attachment to bioglasses and silica glass and the cell spreading on bioglasses were slower and cell morphology more elongated compared to control plastic. In spite of great differences in bioglass compositions no great differences in cell behavior on these surfaces were detected. Thus the initial events in the tissue-implant interface might be independent on the bioglass composition, and furthermore the differences in the organization of the tissue-implant interface in vivo might depend on the nature of the surrounding tissues and subsequent changes of the implant surface and the extracellular environment. PMID- 3241010 TI - Cell responses to biomaterials. II: Endothelial cell adhesion and growth on perfluorosulfonic acid. AB - We report here the use of perfluorosulfonic acid (Nafion) as a substratum for the growth of bovine aortal endothelial cells. This support which can be generated in a number of forms is at least as efficient in maintaining the growth of endothelial and other cell types as tissue culture grade polystyrene (TCP) and represents an advance in this regard over polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). The mechanism underlying the different cell attachment capacities of these three polymers is not readily related to their different protein binding patterns. While Nafion adsorbs more total protein from serum than Teflon or TCP, it adsorbs relatively less of the major cell adhesive proteins, vitronectin and fibronectin, than does Teflon. Both Nafion and Teflon had comparable but low thrombogenic potential by in vitro tests. Teflon or expanded Teflon (Gore-tex) coated with a thin film of Nafion assumes the cell supportive characteristics of Nafion and hence the modification of these surfaces by the induction of a stable bond between Teflon (in various forms) and Nafion may provide a composite vascular graft material which has all the desirable qualities of both materials. PMID- 3241009 TI - In vitro characterization and biomechanical optimization of a biodegradable particulate composite bone cement. AB - We have developed a biodegradable particulate composite bone cement and used in vitro and in vivo methods for studying its suitability for orthopaedic applications. The composite matrix consists of gelatin, water, and sodium salicylate. The particulate phase is made up of powdered and particulate (355-600 microns diameter) tricalcium phosphate. Paraformaldehyde (0.1% to 0.5% by weight) is used as a matrix cross-linking agent. The effects of incubation time, particulate volume fraction, density of the individual particles, water content, concentration of crosslinking agent, and freeze-drying on the unconfined compressive strength and modulus of the particulate composite were measured. Compressive strengths of 7 MPa and moduli of 65 MPa could be achieved. Mechanical properties depended critically upon the water content of the particulate composite, with values of strength and modulus decreasing rapidly outside a range of 10-14% of specimen dry weight. High-density tricalcium phosphate particulate produced cement with twice the strength found with porous particulate. In a companion study we document in vivo performance of this particulate composite in an animal model system. PMID- 3241011 TI - Heparin immobilization onto segmented polyurethane-urea surfaces--effect of hydrophilic spacers. AB - Heparin was immobilized onto segmented polyurethane-urea surfaces (Biomer) using hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) spacers of different chain lengths. The use of the hydrophilic spacer, poly(ethylene oxide), reduces protein adsorption and subsequent platelet adhesion on the surface. In addition, the bioactivity of the immobilized heparin is enhanced by the incorporation of these spacers. Immobilized heparin bioactivity is shown to be a function of PEO spacer length. Use of hydrophilic PEO spacers demonstrates that immobilized heparin's bioactivity is consistently higher than that of the C6 alkyl spacer, but heparin immobilized surfaces demonstrate no chain length effect on platelet adhesion, even though they show less platelet adhesion compared to Biomer controls. In the case of PEO-grafted surfaces, platelet adhesion is decreased compared to Biomer controls, and C6 alkyl spacer-grafted surfaces, and exhibits a minimum at PEO 1000. In ex vivo A-A shunt experiments under low flow and low shear conditions, all heparinized surfaces exhibit significant prolongation of occlusion times compared to Biomer controls, indicating an ability of immobilized heparin to inhibit thrombosis in whole blood. PMID- 3241012 TI - Biodegradable PEO/PLA block copolymers. AB - Poly(ether ester) block copolymers based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polylactic acid (PLA) segments were synthesized and characterized, with the aim of developing a new family of bioadsorbable polymers. The materials developed were tailored to meet various mechanical and degradation requirements, and overcome the limitations of the few existing biodegradable polymers. The copolymeric matrices were characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The composition of the copolymers synthesized varied between 20 and 84 mol% lactic acid, with PEO chains in the 600-6000 molecular weight range. The solubility properties of the copolymers in a series of organic solvents are described. The equilibrium water content and the water contact angle of various matrices were determined and related to their composition and structure. The incorporation of PEO into the chain yielded highly hydrophilic materials, with equilibrium water contents higher than 60%. Stress/strain curves are presented. PMID- 3241013 TI - Evidence for autocrine activation of a tyrosine kinase in a human gastric carcinoma cell line. AB - Phosphotyrosine (P-Tyr) antibodies have been used to identify the phosphorylated forms of growth factor receptors and oncogene-coded tyrosine kinases. Western blot analysis of a gastric carcinoma cell line with P-Tyr antibodies revealed a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein of Mr 145,000 (P145). In addition, in vitro phosphorylation with (gamma-32P)ATP or P-Tyr immunoprecipitates of the same cells resulted in labelling of this protein on tyrosine. P145 appears to be a transmembrane glycoprotein, with features suggestive of a growth factor receptor. However, the in vivo or in vitro addition of known growth factors did not affect P145 tyrosine phosphorylation. We now report that P145 is rapidly dephosphorylated in vivo when cells are exposed to low pH, a condition known to dissociate ligands from their receptors. The addition of serum-free medium, conditioned by the gastric carcinoma cells, fully restores the tyrosine phosphorylation lost with acid treatment. These data suggest that the activity responsible for P145 phosphorylation on tyrosine, whether intrinsic to P145 itself or due to an associated kinase, is stimulated by a factor secreted by the tumor cells themselves. PMID- 3241014 TI - Interferon and growth factor modulation of nuclear factors binding to 5' upstream elements of the 2-5A synthetase gene. AB - We assayed fragments of the 5' flanking sequence of the human 2-5A synthetase gene for their ability to respond to interferon-alpha (IFN) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Transient transfection assays identified a 40-base pair fragment, which, regardless of orientation, could confer IFN-inducibility on the thymidine kinase promoter. This same fragment was active in monkey and mouse cells and in the latter was responsive to PDGF. The effect of PDGF could be inhibited by anti-interferon antibodies. Gel retardation assays, using the 40 base pair probe, detected the presence of IFN-modulated DNA-binding factors in nuclear extracts from monkey cells. In mouse cells both IFN and PDGF induced the binding of nuclear factors to a synthetic 2-5A synthetase response sequence. Thus, both IFN and growth factors directly or indirectly modulate the binding of nuclear factors to the same region of the 2-5A synthetase gene. PMID- 3241015 TI - Interferon-alpha-(IFN) producing CHO cell lines are resistant to the antiproliferative activity of IFN: a correlation with gene expression. AB - CHO cell lines that constitutively produce the murine interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) subspecies alpha 4 and alpha 6 were constructed. The producer cell lines were protected against viral (vesicular stomatitis virus) infection by the IFN species secreted, but were resistant to the growth inhibitory activity of the IFN species. As compared with alpha 4, the alpha 6 protein displayed a high antiproliferative activity when added to normal CHO cells, which correlates completely with the high antiviral activity of alpha 6 on these cells. Three messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) species, which are normally induced in CHO cells by IFN treatment (1-8, 2-5A synthetase, and ISG 15) were constitutively present in CHO producer cell lines. The level of another mRNA (ISG 54), however, was very low in the producer cells as compared with its expression in short-term IFN-treated cells. These data indicate that 1-8, 2-5A synthetase and ISG 15 are not involved in the antigrowth activity of IFN in this system, but rather suggest a function of ISG 54 in this respect. PMID- 3241016 TI - Separation of Friend erythroleukaemic cell histones and high-mobility-group proteins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A procedure for the rapid separation of histones and high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins from Friend erythroleukaemic cells (line F4N) by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography is reported. By using a Nucleosil 300-5 C4 column and a multistep water-acetonitrile gradient containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, the HMG-1 and HMG-2 proteins, several H1 subfractions including H1(0), H4, H2B, two H2A variants and two H3 subfractions were separated. Under changed conditions, by applying a varied acetonitrile gradient system, even two H2B variants were fractionated. The methods described seem to be a real alternative to the time-consuming polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3241017 TI - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of thiamine and its phosphate esters in animal tissues. AB - An improved method for the determination of thiamine and its phosphate esters in animal tissues using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization is described. Thiamine and its phosphate esters were converted into fluorophores by alkaline cyanogen bromide, and the derivatives were applied to an ODS packed column. Then the effluent obtained by an acidic mobile phase was mixed with an alkaline methanol solution to increase the fluorescence intensity of the derivatives which was determined spectrofluorometrically. A complete, rapid and quantitative separation of thiamin and its phosphate esters was achieved and the use of the acidic buffer as a mobile phase improved the column stability. The fluorophores of thiochrome ester peaks on the chromatogram were sensitive to pretreatment with thiamine triphosphatase or acid phosphatase. The applicability of the method to the determination of the form of thiamin in various tissues of rat is demonstrated. PMID- 3241018 TI - Chromatographic and spectral investigations on the in vivo metabolites of 6 nitrobenzo[a]pyrene. AB - 6-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (6-NBaP) occurs in the environment, is mutagenic in the Ames assay in the presence of added S9 and is carcinogenic to male but not female mouse liver when injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into mice. In order to understand what kinds of active metabolites could have been produced in vivo, both male and female mice were injected i.p. with 6-NBaP in dimethyl sulfoxide. Twenty-four hours after injection, urine, feces, blood, liver and spleen (non target tissue) were examined for metabolites by chromatographic and high resolution mass spectral means. On the basis of the mass spectral fragmentation patterns of synthetic and metabolic standards, it was observed that both male and female animals excreted ring-hydroxylated metabolites of 6-NBaP in the urine to differing extents. Male animals additionally excreted 6-aminobenzo[a]pyrene and the significance of this observation is discussed. PMID- 3241019 TI - Determination of oxybutinin chloride in pharmaceuticals by reversed-phase ion pair liquid chromatography with two counter-ions in the eluent. AB - A reliable stability-indicating method using reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the anticholinergic drug oxybutinin chloride in pharmaceuticals is reported. Sample extraction is easy and fairly rapid and recovery and precision of the method are excellent. Due to the simultaneous use of an organic amine and of an alkanesulphonate in the mobile phase, good selectivity towards related (quaternary ammonium) anticholinergic drugs was obtained. PMID- 3241020 TI - Use of cyclodextrins in isotachophoresis. VI. Cyclodextrins as leading electrolyte additives for the separation of bile acids. AB - Cyclodextrins (CDs) and some of their methyl derivatives have been used for the optimization of the isotachophoretic separation of bile acids in aqueous electrolyte systems. The addition of heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta cyclodextrin to the leading electrolyte proved useful for both the solubilization and the structural differentiation of the solutes studied and led to the successful separation of their mixtures. Other CDs tested, even if they gave a satisfactory solubilization effect, did not support the resolution of bile acid mixtures. PMID- 3241021 TI - Regio-selective derivatization of 1-[(3,5-difluorophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H imidazole for gas chromatographic analysis. PMID- 3241022 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of imazodan, methylparaben and propylparaben in imazodan injection. PMID- 3241024 TI - Rapid preparative-scale purification of peptides derived from caseins using mass ion-exchange chromatography. PMID- 3241023 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of conjugated estrogens in tablets. PMID- 3241025 TI - Rapid radio thin-layer chromatography for assay of lipase-catalyzed esterification and interesterification reactions. PMID- 3241026 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of flucythrinate residues. PMID- 3241027 TI - National survey of student health pharmaceutical services--1985. PMID- 3241028 TI - Family phone therapy in university counseling and psychological service centers: a family systems approach. PMID- 3241029 TI - The use of support groups to raise self-esteem for women clients. PMID- 3241030 TI - Mental health consultation in campus discipline: a program of primary prevention. PMID- 3241031 TI - University health service physician intervention with cigarette smokers. PMID- 3241033 TI - Examination of the scaphoid. AB - Scaphoid manipulation is an important part of the examination of the wrist. The "scaphoid shift" is a maneuver that is helpful in assessing scaphoid stability and in identifying scaphoid and periscaphoid pathology. The anatomic basis of the maneuver is explained and its performance and interpretation discussed. PMID- 3241032 TI - The carpal bones in congenital hand anomalies: a radiographic study in patients older than ten years. AB - Abnormalities of the carpal bones in 192 anomalous hands of 154 patients older than 10 years were examined. Judging from the time of appearance of the pisiform, there was no delay of carpal bone maturation in these anomalies. There were differences between the carpal bones of three distinct groups: which included central polydactyly, syndactyly, and typical cleft hand; the group which included radial and ulnar deficiency, and the group which included symbrachydactyly and transverse defect. This suggests that there were differences between these groups in the timing and degree of injury to the limb bud or the hand plate in the course of development. It is thought that the first group originates from maldistribution of mesenchymal tissue of the limb bud (or of the apical ectodermal ridge), the second group from defects of that tissue, and the last group from defects of the mesenchymal tissue of the hand plate. PMID- 3241034 TI - Limited wrist fusions. AB - Seventeen patients had wrist fusions done for diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis of the wrist and carpal bones. Arthrodesis was done at the radiocarpal joint in five wrists and at the midcarpal joint in 12. There were 12 men and five women. Ages at the time of operation averaged 42 years. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 5 years and 5 months, and with an average of 1 year and 10 months. Overall postoperative results were excellent in five wrists, good in seven, fair in two, and poor in three. Wrists with the midcarpal fusion fared better than those wrists with the radiocarpal fusion. Complications included one pseudoarthrosis and one rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon. In one of the 17 wrists new osteoarthritic changes surrounding the arthrodesed joints occurred. PMID- 3241035 TI - Wrist fusion in cerebral palsy. AB - Twenty-one fusions were done for 19 patients with cerebral palsy who had asked for improvements in hygiene and cosmesis. There were 20 solid unions and one fibrous union. There were no significant complications. This is a relatively predictable procedure in the properly selected patient. PMID- 3241036 TI - Functional demands and consequences of manual communication. AB - Sign language is the fourth most commonly used language in the United States. Despite the frequent need for this unique upper limb function, little is known regarding the demands and consequences of signing. This article (1) reviews 15 signers with upper limb abnormalities to determine how the abnormalities affect their signing, and (2) explores overuse syndromes in six sign language interpreters. Because of the way the sign language is constructed, only the most severe, bilateral limb abnormalities affect signing, and no extraordinary measures beyond standard, high quality hand care is required to improve function. To treat overuse syndromes in sign language interpreters, customary conservative treatments have generally been useful, but prevention is greatly preferable to treatment. PMID- 3241037 TI - The E-flat hand. AB - The disability suffered by a professional pianist because of difficulty in carrying out certain of the finger movement sequences involved in playing in the key of E flat appeared to be caused by limitation of independent flexion movements between the index and long fingers of his right hand. The range of independent movement of the fingers was considerably increased, with relief of his disability, by dividing the intertendinous connection between the extensor tendons of the two fingers on the dorsum of the hand. PMID- 3241038 TI - Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm flexor muscles. AB - A case of chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm flexor muscles after routine, strenuous work activity is presented. Intramuscular pressure monitoring before and after operation documented the efficacy of decompressive fasciotomy. A higher index of suspicion of forearm chronic compartment syndrome might have led to earlier diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3241039 TI - Autonomous healing of chicken flexor tendons in vitro. AB - A monoclonal antibody to procollagen type I, which specifically stains cells actively secreting collagen, was used to study the healing of chicken flexor tendons in vitro. Healing was assessed with histology, immunohistologic staining, and autoradiography. Studies showed that epitenon cells proliferate 2 days after injury and are producing collagen 4 days after injury. Endotenocytes remain dormant during this time period. Tendons in vitro demonstrate active collagen synthesis and thus the capacity for autonomous repair. PMID- 3241040 TI - Attritional flexor tendon ruptures by an old lunate dislocation. AB - A 76-year-old man sustained attritional disruption of the extrinsic flexor tendons to the ulnar two fingers over 40 years after an untreated palmar lunate dislocation. Spontaneous flexor tendon rupture is rare without wrist joint pathology, even in the absence of chronic pain or median nerve compression. PMID- 3241041 TI - Long-term results after tenosynovectomy to treat the rheumatoid hand. AB - To be effective as a prophylactic procedure, tenosynovectomy to treat rheumatoid hand has to be done before there is significant tendon damage. Tenosynovectomy is usually considered to prevent subsequent tendon rupture and recurrent tenosynovitis. We reviewed the results of all tenosynovectomies done at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center from 1968 to 1983. One hundred seventy-three procedures were done for 125 patients. Fifty percent of patients who had prophylactic tenosynovectomy demonstrated tendon invasion. Examination at a mean of 70 months after 129 procedures showed extensor tendon failure in 1 patient of 44 who had normal tendons, 1 of 42 with invaded tendons, and in 3 of 43 who had ruptured tendons at the time of original surgery. Seven patients had recurrent tenosynovitis. PMID- 3241042 TI - Late flexor pollicis longus tendon rupture due to retained glass fragments. AB - A retained glass fragment caused a flexor pollicis longus tendon rupture 23 years after the patient's initial injury. A review of the literature shows that although previous cases of delayed damage from retained objects have been reported, this is the first report of a tendon injury that was preceded by such a long asymptomatic period. The lesion was treated with a flexor digitorum superficialis tendon transfer from the ring finger with excellent functional results. PMID- 3241043 TI - The paraplegic hand: electrodiagnostic studies and clinical findings. AB - Motor conduction times of median and ulnar nerves at the wrist were determined in 60 paraplegic male patients. In 30 of the patients (50%), 56 of the 240 nerves studied (23%) were abnormal. The incidence of abnormal conduction times was not reliably correlated with either age or duration of paralysis. The fact that patients a few years after injury had conduction times as severe as patients with long-standing paraplegia, regardless of age, indicates that an early disease process may take place in the patient's hands, although previous authors have reported different findings. Of patients with abnormal conduction times 44% were asymptomatic. Median nerve decompression was performed on these patients when they became symptomatic. Periodic examinations are recommended for all paraplegic patients so that early diagnosis can be made and differentiated from symptoms more proximal in the extremity. Although nerve conduction studies are not recommended for all asymptomatic patients, we now request them more liberally in younger patients with early symptoms to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 3241044 TI - Ulnar compression neuropathy secondary to the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle. AB - The treatment of the five arms of four patients with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow and an associated anconeus epitrochlearis muscle is presented. Two of these patients had unilateral involvement, one had bilateral neuropathy and bilateral anconeus epitrochlearis muscles, and one had bilateral symptoms, with an anconeus epitrochlearis muscle on the side that was treated by operation. All patients were treated with excision of the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle and cubital tunnel release without anterior transposition of the nerve. All five arms were clinically normal at follow-up 16 to 29 months after operation. Postoperative electrodiagnostic studies on four arms at an average of 9 months after operation showed marked improvement in conduction velocities across the elbow. We recommend simple excision of the anomalous anconeus epitrochlearis muscle when no other cause of ulnar nerve neuropathy at the elbow is identified. Anterior transposition of the nerve seems unnecessary. PMID- 3241045 TI - Posterior interosseous nerve palsy caused by ganglions of the proximal radioulnar joint. AB - Three cases of ganglion cysts arising from the proximal radioulnar joint associated with a compression neuropathy of the radial or posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) are discussed. Treatment by surgical excision resulted in complete resolution of symptoms in all patients. Computed tomography scan proved to be the most useful preoperative test. PMID- 3241046 TI - Persistent median artery as a cause of pronator syndrome. AB - Pronator syndrome may be caused by a persistent median artery that passes completely through the proximal median nerve and then gives origin to a vascular leash to the flexor muscles that compresses the nerve. A "double crush" compression of the median nerve caused by persistent median artery producing first a carpal tunnel syndrome and then a pronator syndrome is described. PMID- 3241047 TI - Palmar wrist pain caused by ulnar nerve entrapment in the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon. AB - A 38-year-old female nurse was seen initially with several years' history of recurring intermittent ulnar wrist pain and paresthesias. The pain was aggravated by specific tasks using her hands, such as typing. Splinting and two steroid injections into the area gave only temporary relief. Surgical exploration revealed a segment of the ulnar nerve composing approximately 15% of its volume to split from the main trunk of the ulnar nerve, perforate the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, and then rejoin the ulnar nerve. The nerve branch was extracted from the flexor carpi ulnaris by dividing approximately 15% to 20% of the tendon, allowing the nerve to be removed from the perforation, and anatomically relocated. The patient resumed her normal activities and has had no further discomfort in her wrist. PMID- 3241048 TI - Sensory changes with prolonged double-cuff tourniquet time in hand surgery. AB - This study evaluates the sensory changes that occur in the operated hand after the use of the double-cuff tourniquet technique for up to 4 hours. Thirty patients whose hand operations lasted more than 2 hours were evaluated. Tourniquet time ranged between 2 hours and 4 hours, 17 minutes. Light touch, von Frey's aesthesiometry, vibratory sensation, and two-point discrimination were examined. Subjective overall sensation and postoperative edema were also assessed. Patients were evaluated the evening before operation, on the second postoperative day, and at every out-patient follow-up visit, until all examined parameters returned to normal. Of the patients 73% demonstrated clinically normal sensibility test results within 23 days after operation. In 80% of all patients, subjective sensibility of the operated hand was equal to the nonoperated hand within 1 week of operation. Ultimately, all patients (96%) but one, demonstrated normal sensibility test results and normal subjective sensibility. Postoperative edema developed in 53% of the patients; it subsided in less than 4 weeks. The double-cuff technique can prolong tourniquet time safely for up to 4 hours. PMID- 3241049 TI - Fracture of the coronoid process of the ulna requiring reduction in extension. AB - A case of avulsion fracture of the coronoid process of the proximal ulna is presented to highlight certain features--namely, the rarity of this fracture as an isolated injury and the achievement of reduction in full extension of the elbow, contrary to the accepted method of treatment. PMID- 3241050 TI - An unusual coronal fracture of the body of the hamate bone. AB - A coronal fracture of the body of the hamate is described. Treatment consisted of open reduction and internal fixation with Kirshner wires, and the clinical result was good. PMID- 3241051 TI - Unusual fragment displacement in a distal radius fracture. AB - A 25-year-old man sustained a closed comminuted intra-articular fracture of the distal radius. Tomography showed 180 degree rotation of a palmar medial articular fragment. This rare injury is mentioned only once in the literature. When recognized, open reduction and internal fixation are necessary. PMID- 3241052 TI - Fusion of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint to treat posttraumatic arthritis. AB - Thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) fusion to treat posttraumatic arthritis is retrospectively reviewed in 18 patients, 16 of whom were examined and functionally tested, with an average follow-up of 18 months. All patients were satisfied. There was 100% fusion in an average of 59.9 days. Preoperative disabling MCP pain was present in all patients, and mild postoperative pain and difficulty in picking up small objects were present in 78%. Results did not depend on position of fusion or preoperative arc of MCP motion. Key pinch strength was significantly increased by fusion. Complications included four pin tract infections without sequelae and three cases of prominent tension band hardware, which were removed in two. PMID- 3241053 TI - Interpositional vein grafts to restore the superficial palmar arch in severe devascularizing injuries of the hand. AB - The use of an interpositional vein graft to restore inflow to the digits by recreating the superficial palmar arch is presented. This technique is best reserved for severe, devascularizing injuries to the hand, significant damage to the palmar vessels, and when they may a paucity of donor vein available. PMID- 3241054 TI - A surface ultrastructure study of ganglia and digital mucous cysts. AB - Three digital mucous cysts and three dorsal wrist ganglia were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Both exhibited the same findings, namely a porous network of collagenous fibers forming the wall and a fibrillated inner surface composed of a random arrangement of collagen fibers. An intermittent thin membrane was observed on the inner surface, but no evidence of a cellular lining was apparent. This anatomic study lends support to a shared cause. PMID- 3241055 TI - Ganglion cysts and carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - We review 12 cases of ganglion cyst with carpal tunnel syndrome in 11 patients seen at the Hand Rehabilitation Center. Mean age was 42 years (range, 28 to 60 years). One half of the cysts were associated with direct trauma, usually with wrist hyperextension. Symptoms usually developed after the appearance or sudden growth of the cyst. Motor conduction or distal sensory latency was abnormal in seven of eight studied cases. Tinel's sign on tapping the cyst may be pathognomonic for this syndrome. Cyst removal and incision of the flexor retinaculum relieved the symptoms in 11 cases. The other case had total resolution after spontaneous cyst rupture. This syndrome is successfully treated with cyst decompression with release of the carpal canal and has an excellent prognosis. To our knowledge this represents the largest operative series of carpal tunnel syndrome and ganglion cyst. PMID- 3241056 TI - Diabetic hand syndrome. AB - Diabetic hand syndrome is a condition affecting about 30% of patients with insulin-requiring juvenile diabetes. Characteristic findings in this syndrome are mild- to- moderately severe joint contractures of the fingers, particularly at the proximal interphalangeal joints in the ring and small fingers, and thickening of the skin of the dorsum of the hand. There is no evidence of palmar fascial thickening or Dupuytren's contracture. Occasionally other joints may be involved, such as the wrists, elbows, hips, knees, and toes. In the case presented in this report light and electron microscopic studies showed that the disease presents aspects similar to those of other "fibrotic diseases" as described by Kisher and Speer. Surgical treatment was only partially beneficial in this patient. PMID- 3241057 TI - Hand infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Eight patients are reported with hand infections and a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC). Seven patients had AIDS and one ARC. Four were homosexually active males, three were intravenous drug abusers, and one was the wife of a presumed drug abuser. The hand infections were not truly opportunistic; three patients had herpes, two had osteomyelitis, one had septic arthritis, and two had bacterial abscesses. The presentation or course of the infection was atypical in the majority of patients. The infections were seen early in the course of the disease and in one half of the patients preceded the diagnosis of AIDS. Unusual hand infections, then, may suggest the development of AIDS in a patient at risk. PMID- 3241058 TI - Long-term follow-up of free vascularized joint transfers to the hand in children. AB - Toe-to-hand vascularized joint transfers in four children were reviewed 6 to 8 years after operation (average, 6.6 years). Two children had vascularized metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. Both children have near normal active range of motion. The transferred epiphyses have provided a major contribution to digital growth. The other two children had second toe proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints transferred to damaged hand joints. Active PIP joint extension has been disappointing, and the overall growth contribution of the transferred epiphysis has been small. We conclude that MTP to metacarpophalangeal vascularized joint transfer can provide painless, functional, stable motion, with near normal growth potential, and the usefulness of toe PIP to hand PIP joint transfer is limited by the inability to achieve good active extension and limited growth potential. PMID- 3241059 TI - Symphalangism in Hawaii: a study of three distinct ethnic pedigrees. AB - Symphalangism was introduced into Hawaii by a Cherokee Indian in the late 1800s. The resultant pedigree, along with two other racially distinct pedigrees, confirms that the condition is an autosomal dominant genetic trait. Associated conditions include carpal and tarsal coalitions, cervical fusions, brachydactylism, symphalangism of the toes, and hearing loss. Surgical intervention in the hands is seldom, if ever, indicated but correction of the associated hearing loss is rewarding. PMID- 3241060 TI - Chronic paronychia from multiple organisms. PMID- 3241061 TI - Scapholunate ligament excision. PMID- 3241062 TI - Powerlessness, work, and community: a longitudinal study of alienation and alcohol use. PMID- 3241063 TI - Help-seeking behavior, use, and satisfaction among frequent primary care users in Santiago de Chile. PMID- 3241064 TI - Reducing the risk of AIDS through methadone maintenance treatment. PMID- 3241065 TI - Organizational and decision unit characteristics and board influence in independent versus multihospital system-affiliated hospitals. PMID- 3241066 TI - Stressful life events and depressive symptoms: disaggregating the effects of acute stressors and chronic strains. PMID- 3241067 TI - Canine rabies in and around Delhi--a 16 years study. PMID- 3241068 TI - Studies on the bionomics of kala-azar vector in Madras city. PMID- 3241069 TI - Bacterial isolates from laboratory colonies of Anopheles annularis. PMID- 3241070 TI - Sandflies of District Sabarkantha (Gujarat) India and abnormalities in male hypopygium of Phlebotomus papatasi. PMID- 3241071 TI - Study on the role of human behaviour on environmental modification leading to mansonioides control. PMID- 3241073 TI - Cryptosporidium infection in children with acute diarrhoea. PMID- 3241072 TI - Measles in a rural community. PMID- 3241074 TI - Environmental health status in a rural area of Rajasthan. PMID- 3241075 TI - Morphometric variation in wild population of louse Polyplax stephensi and its value in taxonomy. PMID- 3241076 TI - Incidence of viral hepatitis in relation to ABO blood groups. PMID- 3241077 TI - Intestinal myiasis caused by Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae): a case report. PMID- 3241078 TI - Strategy of malaria control at cross roads with particular reference to India. PMID- 3241079 TI - Myelodysplastic syndrome. PMID- 3241080 TI - Multiple pregnancy. PMID- 3241082 TI - Tobacco menace and role of doctors. PMID- 3241081 TI - Epidemiological services development in India. PMID- 3241083 TI - Breast feeding practices in Jalandhar and surroundings areas. PMID- 3241084 TI - Hypoglycaemia. PMID- 3241085 TI - A comparative Apgar score study on neonates born by caesarean section under general anaesthesia and epidural analgesia. PMID- 3241086 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 3241087 TI - Traumatic ventral hernia. PMID- 3241088 TI - Carcinoma of ascending colon occurring with non-rotation of colon. PMID- 3241089 TI - Evolving an information channel for health management. PMID- 3241090 TI - Must we produce more doctors. PMID- 3241091 TI - Staging of localized prostate cancer: a clinical-pathologic correlation. AB - Sixty consecutive patients were staged clinically by digital rectal examination, acid phosphatase and bone scan prior to radical retropubic prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Twenty-one patients also had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) of the pelvic. The surgical specimens were step-sectioned for pathologic staging. Understaging was documented in 0% of A2 patients, 27% of B1 patients and 67% of B2 patients. Capsular invasion was found in 12% of B1 and 52% of B2 patients, while seminal vesicle extension was documented in 18% of B1 and 52% of B2 patients. Lymph node metastases occurred in 3% of B1 and 29% of B2 patients. Clinical staging error was related to tumor size, tumor grade and history of prior TURP or radiotherapy. Neither CT scan nor MRI improved the accuracy of the digital rectal examination. PMID- 3241092 TI - [Urothelial carcinoma of the prostate with or without bladder involvement]. PMID- 3241093 TI - [Cryosurgery of carcinoma of the bladder]. PMID- 3241094 TI - [Importance of the DNA content for the prognosis of invasive carcinoma of the bladder. Determination by photocytometry]. AB - In a retrospective study, a DNA histogram was established from specimens obtained by cystectomy in 65 carcinomas of the bladder (stages pT1 to pT4, pN0, pN1 and pN2). Flow cytometry and automated photocytometry were systematically compared. Automated photocytometry makes it possible to differentiate between diploid, polyploid and aneuploid tumors. Among aneuploid tumors, the DNA content of tumor stem cells make it possible to identify another subgroup. The analysis of various tumor sections showed that the DNA histogram obtained by photocytometry was a stable and reproducible characteristic of the tumor. The subgroups of carcinoma of the bladder, determined by topology, have markedly different long-term prognoses. In contrast to automated photocytometry, flow cytometry did not allow for reproducible determination of the biologic characteristics of carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 3241096 TI - [An abdominal approach above the liver to the inferior vena cava]. AB - The inferior vena cava (IVC) can be approached abdominally above the liver, either below the diaphragm, or in the fibrous pericardium, or in the serous pericardium. These techniques are described and discussed, as is the venous clamping upstream, always essential. Although rarely used, these procedures should be known by all surgeons. PMID- 3241095 TI - [A trial of stimulation with tamoxifen of progesterone nuclear receptors in patients with kidney cancer]. AB - Stimulation of progesterone receptors synthesis by Tamoxifen was tried in 19 patients with renal cell carcinoma. No difference was found between this series and 51 controls. PMID- 3241097 TI - Heterogeneous sexual activity models of HIV transmission in male homosexual populations. AB - A proportionate mixing one-sex model of sexual transmission of HIV is described, in which sexual activity (new partners per unit time) is defined as a continuous variable in a set of integro-partial-differential equations. A discrete activity class approximation is developed by matching equilibrium state and rate variables as closely as possible with the continuous-variable model, and consists only of ordinary differential equations. Activity-class boundaries are arbitrary, and each class is characterized by a single level of activity. If there are N classes, the level of activity in N - 1 of them is such that the steady-state susceptible class sub-population is equal to the population in the equivalent section of the continuous model. The activity level for the remaining class is chosen such that the condition for endemicity of the infection in the approximation is equal to that for the equivalent continuous-variable model; this minimizes errors in the steady-state population. The relationship between the discrete and continuous-variable models is explored, via numerical and analytical studies, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the approximation. PMID- 3241098 TI - Two-locus and three-locus gene identity by descent in pedigrees. AB - Although there have been several mathematical formulations of multilocus segregation, multilocus gene identity by descent in pedigrees has been little considered. Here we present a computationally feasible algorithm for the computation of two-locus kinship for individuals between whom there may be multiple complex relationships, and use it to investigate patterns of two-locus gene identity by descent for some standard relationships. We also present an explicit formula, which is used to discuss the determinants of two-locus identity and the relationship to three-locus identity by descent. With the current increasing density of information on individual genomes available from DNA polymorphisms, gene identity at linked loci has practical importance. Procedures for the estimation of relationships between individuals on the basis of genetic data will have increased flexibility to discriminate wider classes of genealogical relationship where information on multiple linked loci can be employed. Gene identity by descent at linked loci is also a key aspect of mapping rare recessive diseases from data on inbred individuals. PMID- 3241099 TI - General applications of optimal control theory in cancer chemotherapy. AB - There are an increasing number of clinical papers dealing with the continuous delivery of an anticancer drug to patients. In this paper, two basic theoretical models are presented of cancer growth under the action of a continuously delivered anticancer drug. The therapeutic objective is to obtain the nature of the control agent that can drive the tumour population to a desired level so as to penalize excessive usage of the drug and to keep deviations of the tumour population from the desired level to a minimum. This gives rise to a certain type of optimal control problem. The nature of the optimal controller for each model is presented. The optimal control approach leads to a therapeutic strategy that may be of relevance to the clinical studies and this is investigated. PMID- 3241100 TI - [Liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3241101 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive bronchial disease]. PMID- 3241102 TI - [Medical treatment of cholelithiasis and bile duct cancer]. PMID- 3241103 TI - [Partial splenic embolization as a treatment in hypersplenism and portal hypertension in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 3241104 TI - [Effects of plasma albumin infusion on minimal change nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 3241106 TI - [A case of bronchogenic cyst in the superior mediastinum with Horner's syndrome]. PMID- 3241105 TI - [A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, mixed warm and cold antibody type associated with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3241107 TI - [A case report of Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical adenoma, presenting asymmetric septal hypertrophy and giant negative T-wave]. PMID- 3241108 TI - [A case of pituitary adenoma with hyponatremia, polydipsia and polyuria produced by low resetting of the osmostat for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release and potentiated thirst perception]. PMID- 3241109 TI - [A case of portal-systemic encephalopathy, showing synchronous sharp wave on the electroencephalogram]. PMID- 3241110 TI - [Is delayed adolescence inherited?]. PMID- 3241112 TI - [A case of liver cirrhosis accompanied with chylothorax and chylous ascites after endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices]. PMID- 3241111 TI - [An autopsy case of rhabdomyolysis associated with staphylococcal septicemia]. PMID- 3241113 TI - [Pseudoaldosteronism with hypokalemic myopathy due to Neo-Umor (glycyrrhizin)]. PMID- 3241114 TI - [A case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism associated with perceptive deafness and psoriasis vulgaris]. PMID- 3241115 TI - [A case of amyloidosis localized at the stomach]. PMID- 3241116 TI - Experimental identification of technical and database factors that can affect the success of clinical computer systems. AB - The entry of clinical data into computer systems is an extremely demanding form of transaction processing. High speed is important, especially if the collection involves real-time data. Clinicians must feel that they intuitively understand a system and that it is responsive. Medical data must be easily accommodated without sacrificing accuracy or completeness. Most systems cannot do this. Clinical systems that involve on-line storage of data from patients should employ data-base technology. Systems that lack any of the following capabilities will not succeed: manual data entry, a data dictionary, a file system, utility functions, ad hoc query, and a statistical report generator. These general capabilities must satisfy a number of specific functional requirements if the entire system is to be a success. A group of such requirements have been experimentally validated. These will be discussed and a more comprehensive list presented. PMID- 3241117 TI - An automated method of separating patient from ventilator work on the lungs. AB - This paper describes a method of determining the amount of work on the lungs done by the patient and the ventilator using various modes of ventilation. The method uses a pneumotachograph to measure air flow, and measures pressure from an esophageal balloon and at the airway. The patient's work is separated from the ventilator work by analysis of the esophageal pressure. When esophageal pressure is below end-expiratory esophageal pressure during inspiration, work is being done by the patient. When esophageal pressure is above end-expiratory level, the ventilator is doing the work. The calculations are done using an IBM PC computer. The studies of normal subjects show that in the assist mode with increased airway resistance, significant work by the subject is required to trigger the ventilator. Two patients are presented when the assist mode resulted in excessive amounts of work and fatal outcomes. Measurement of the mechanical work required of the patient can provide useful information for the control of ventilator therapy. PMID- 3241118 TI - Comparison of keyboard, light pen and voice recognition as methods of data input. AB - There is an increasing requirement for doctors and nurses to interact with computers for clinical and administrative reasons. It is important to assess different methods of computer input to provide the most suitable type of input device for any particular application. A study was undertaken to compare three different input devices--standard 'QWERTY' keyboard, light pen, and voice recognition--for speed, errors and number of corrections during entry of patient admission data. Twenty intensive care nurses took part in the study and were asked to express their assessment of speed, accuracy, ease of use and preference. The average speed of data entry by keyboard (37.70 s) was significantly faster than light pen (58.09 s; p less than 0.001); while light pen entry was significantly faster than voice recognition (111.65 s; p less than 0.001). There was no difference between the average number of errors for keyboard (0.10) and light pen (0), but significantly more errors occurred with voice recognition (1.05) than light pen (p less than 0.001). Significantly more corrections were required with the light pen (0.50) compared with the keyboard (0; p less than 0.001), and between voice recognition (11.95) and light pen (p less than 0.001). Keyboard input was considered by the intensive care unit staff as the quickest, most accurate, easiest and most preferred method of entering data into a computer. PMID- 3241119 TI - A microcomputer-based software interface for automatic acquisition of fetal monitoring data. AB - At University Hospital, interfaces are being designed to link-stand-alone patient care devices to Hospital Information System (HIS). The objective is to have an integrated HIS comprising of data from bedside patient monitors and from stand alone devices such as infusion pumps, fetal monitors, and pulse oximeters. Interfaces are implemented with standard hardware and software design tools. The feasibility of designing a general purpose interface hardware based on a common microprocessor has been demonstrated for an IMED model 960 infusion pump. The present paper describes the implementation of the software component of the interface using standard microcomputer software packages. The device of choice was the Corometrics model 115 fetal monitor for implementing the software because it is used extensively at University Hospital and has built-in data communication hardware. The Corometrics model 115 fetal monitor was interfaced to an IBM Personal Computer (PC) model XT. Data acquired from the fetal monitor was used to provide data tables and graphs. The feasibility of designing and implementing a software interface capable of acquiring and processing data received from a stand alone device (fetal monitor) was demonstrated. A description of the important aspects of the interface software design is presented in this paper. This design will eventually be part of the HIS. A brief discussion about the design modifications necessary to acquire data from multiple devices simultaneously is also included. PMID- 3241120 TI - Regulation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein secretion by fatty acids in CaCo-2 cells. AB - The effect of fatty acids on secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (d less than 1.006 g/ml) by CaCo-2 cells was studied. Of the fatty acids studied, oleic acid (18:1) was the most potent stimulator of newly synthesized triglyceride secretion in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins followed in descending order by 18:2, 18:3, and 16:0 = 14:0. All the fatty acids increased intracellular triglyceride synthesis. Fatty acids 14:0, 16:0, 18:2, and 18.3 caused similar increases; however, 18:1 caused the highest rates of triglyceride synthesis. Oleic acid (18:1) was used to further study the secretion of lipoproteins of density less than 1.006 g/ml by CaCo-2 cells. There was a step-wise increase in cellular triglyceride synthesis with increasing oleic acid concentration. Above 250 microM of the fatty acid, however, newly synthesized triglyceride secretion in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins plateaued, suggesting saturation of the secretory pathway. After stimulating triglyceride synthesis by oleic acid, radiolabeled triglyceride secreted in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins was initially delayed resulting in a sigmoid-shaped curve for secretion. This was most pronounced in control cells, which were not incubated with the fatty acid. Over 6 hr, cells incubated with oleic acid secreted more newly synthesized triglyceride in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins compared to control cells. The secretion of lipoproteins of density less than 1.006 g/ml was dependent upon protein synthesis and normal microtubular function in as much as cycloheximide and colchicine significantly decreased triglyceride transport without changing cellular triglyceride synthesis. Triglyceride and unesterified cholesterol mass in lipoproteins of density less than 1.006 g/ml were increased 57 and 244%, respectively, in medium from cells incubated with oleic acid compared to control cells. By 24 hr, 0.17% of lipoproteins of density less than 1.006 g/ml were taken up and degraded. Over the same period, approximately 50% of the lipoprotein triglyceride was hydrolyzed. Under conditions whereby lipoprotein secretion was stimulated fourfold by oleic acid, the activities of HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT were unchanged from activities in control cells. The data suggest that CaCo-2 cells secrete triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of density less than 1.006 g/ml in response to fatty acids in the medium. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein secretion is a saturable process and dependent on protein synthesis and normal microtubular function. An increase in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein secretion is accompanied by an increase in triglyceride mass in lipoproteins of density less than 1.006 g/ml. By 24 hr, significant postsecretory PMID- 3241122 TI - Plasma very low density lipoproteins contain a single molecule of apolipoprotein B. AB - Rat and human very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were fractionated by zonal ultracentrifugation, yielding sharply defined fractions with narrow sedimentation limits. Sedimentation coefficients for the individual fractions were determined at two densities with the analytical ultracentrifuge, and the results were analyzed to yield buoyant densities and molecular weights for the particles in each fraction. For the rat lipoproteins, the weight concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipid, and protein were determined for each fraction, and their molar concentrations of apolipoprotein B were measured with a radioimmunoassay. For the human lipoproteins the corresponding values were taken from Patsch et al. (Patsch, W., J. R. Patsch, G. M. Kostner, S. Sailer, and H. Braunsteiner. 1978. Isolation of subfractions of human very low density lipoproteins by zonal ultracentrifugation. J. Biol. Chem. 253:4911-4915). From these data, a ratio of the number of apoB peptides to the number of lipoprotein particles was calculated for each fraction. This ratio was close to 1 for all VLDL fractions, ranging in particle diameter from about 40 to 80 mm and 30 to 50 mm, respectively, for rat and human VLDL. The majority rat VLDL contain B-48 rather than B-100 as their (single) apoB peptide. Based on these data, we proposed that only a single copy of B-48 is required for VLDL assembly in rat liver, unless nascent hepatic VLDL contain additional apoB peptides which are uniformly lost from the plasma VLDL particles when they are analyzed. PMID- 3241121 TI - Reduction of postprandial triglyceridemia in humans by dietary n-3 fatty acids. AB - Long chain n-3 fatty acids present in fish oils have been shown to reduce fasting plasma triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein levels in normal and hyperlipidemic human subjects. The present studies were designed to examine whether dietary n-3 fatty acids influence chylomicron formation and metabolism in healthy volunteers. In the first study seven subjects were fed either saturated fat, vegetable oil, or fish oil-based diets for 4 weeks each, and test meals containing 50 g of the background fat were administered after the second week of each diet. The postprandial rise in triglyceride levels was significantly lower following the fish oil test meal as compared to the saturated fat or vegetable oil test meals. In the second study, six subjects eating their usual home diets were given two fat tolerance tests. The first contained saturated fat and the second, given 1 week later, contained fish oil. There was no difference in the postprandial triglyceride response between the fish oil and the saturated fat meals. A third study was then conducted with eight volunteers in which saturated fat and fish oil test meals were administered during saturated fat and fish oil background diets in a crossover design. The presence of fish oil in the background diet reduced postprandial lipemia regardless of the type of fat in the test meal. Although there was no effect of the fish oil diet on the lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activity of postheparin plasma measured in vitro, stimulation of in vivo lipolysis was not ruled out. Our results suggest that chronic (but not acute) intake of fish oil may inhibit the synthesis or secretion of chylomicrons from the gut. However, accelerated clearance due to decreased VLDL competition cannot be excluded. PMID- 3241123 TI - Warfarin administration reduces synthesis of sulfatides and other sphingolipids in mouse brain. AB - The modulation of phosphosphingolipid synthesis by vitamin K depletion has been observed in the vitamin K-dependent microorganism, Bacteriodes levii. When cultured briefly without the vitamin, a reduction occurred in the activity of the first enzyme of the sphingolipid pathway, 3-ketodihydrosphingosine synthase. In this report, 16-day-old mice were treated with the vitamin K antagonist, warfarin. Brain microsomes from these animals showed a 19% reduction in synthase activity. Mice treated with warfarin for 2 weeks showed a major reduction in sulfatide level (42%), with a lesser degree or no reduction in levels of gangliosides and cerebrosides. In further experiments, mice were treated with warfarin for 2 weeks and a group was then injected with vitamin K1 (aquamephyton) for 3 days. Enzyme activity returned to a normal level within 2-3 days. Sulfatide levels had increased 33% in the vitamin K-injected group and ganglioside levels also increased, where levels of cerebrosides and sphingomyelin declined. Sulfatide synthesis determined by [35S] sulfate incorporation, showed a 52% increase in incorporation following administration of vitamin K for 3 days. These results suggest a role for vitamin K in the biosynthesis of sulfatides and other sphingolipids in brain. This putative role could be by post-translational protein modification analogous to the role of vitamin K in other systems. PMID- 3241124 TI - Low density lipoprotein receptor degradation is influenced by a mediator protein(s) with a rapid turnover rate, but is unaffected by receptor up- or down regulation. AB - Treatment of cultured human skin fibroblasts with cycloheximide retarded the down regulation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity caused by 25 hydroxycholesterol. The rate of LDL receptor degradation, measured directly by means of [35S]methionine pulse-chase experiments, was also markedly inhibited by cycloheximide (or puromycin), suggesting that continuous synthesis of a short lived mediator protein(s) was necessary for normal LDL receptor turnover. In the absence of cycloheximide, both the up- and down-regulation of LDL receptor activity took place with a half-time of approximately 12 hr. Pulse-chase measurements with [35S]methionine yielded a receptor half-life (t1/2) of 11.7 +/- 2.2 hr (n = 10) in up-regulated cells; the t1/2 in the partially down-regulated state was similar. The presence of LDL or 25-hydroxycholesterol did not alter this degradation rate. Regulation of LDL receptor activity under these various culture conditions therefore probably occurred solely as a result of changes in the rate of receptor synthesis. The cycloheximide-sensitive factor(s) that influences receptor turnover apparently did not play a regulatory role in the up- or down-regulation of the LDL receptor. PMID- 3241125 TI - Large lipoproteins are excluded from the arterial wall in diabetic cholesterol fed rabbits. AB - In diabetic hypercholesterolemic rabbits at plasma triglyceride concentrations of approximately 5000 mg/dl, 55% of plasma cholesterol (1400 mg/dl) was in lipoproteins with diameters larger than 75 nm (Sf greater than 400), 40% in smaller very low density and intermediate density lipoproteins, 4% in low density lipoproteins, and 1% in high density lipoproteins. Specific intimal clearance (nl/h.mg aortic cholesterol) of the giant Sf greater than 400 lipoproteins was about 4% of that of the low density lipoproteins. The data suggest that even very low density lipoproteins with diameters smaller than 75 nm were practically excluded from entering the arterial wall. Specific intimal clearance of low density lipoproteins in hypertriglyceridemic, diabetic cholesterol-fed rabbits was similar to that in normal cholesterol-fed rabbits, but low density lipoprotein concentrations in diabetic rabbits were low. Thus, at plasma triglyceride concentrations of approximately 5000 mg/dl, only 5% of plasma cholesterol may be readily available for infiltration of arteries. These results add further support to the hypothesis that hypertriglyceridemic, diabetic cholesterol-fed rabbits are protected against atherogenesis because the major part of plasma cholesterol is carried in large lipoproteins to which the artery is not very permeable. PMID- 3241126 TI - Primary structure comparison of the proposed low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor binding domain of human and pig apolipoprotein B: implications for LDL receptor interactions. AB - Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is the predominant protein in low density lipoprotein (LDL) and is responsible for LDL binding to the LDL receptor. Although the primary amino acid sequence of human apoB has been determined, little is known about the structural domains involved in mediating apoB binding to the LDL receptor. Amino acid sequence comparisons across species lines provide a means of defining structures that are essential for function. We have sequenced a l.l kb fragment of pig apoB genomic DNA, corresponding to a 363 amino acid segment proposed to mediate human apoB binding to the LDL receptor. In human apoB this domain contains two regions enriched in positively charged amino acids flanking two disulfide-linked cysteine residues. The pig amino acid sequence shared 72% identity with the human sequence. However, there were differences that have significant structural and functional implications. Human apoB arginine-3,359 corresponds to a critical arginine (position 142) residue in the apoE LDL receptor binding domain. In the pig, this arginine residue was not conserved. Also, the two disulfide-linked cysteine residues found near the proposed apoB binding domain were not conserved in the pig. Despite these differences, pig LDL had a higher affinity than human LDL for both the pig and human LDL receptor. Thus, these features are not required for high affinity binding of pig LDL to the LDL receptor, and may not be necessary for the binding of human LDL to the LDL receptor. PMID- 3241127 TI - Effects of dietary retinoid and triglyceride on the lipid composition of rat liver stellate cells and stellate cell lipid droplets. AB - Hepatic stellate cells store the majority of the liver's retinoid (vitamin A) reserves as retinyl esters in stellate cell lipid droplets. A study was conducted to explore the effects of differences in dietary retinoid and triglyceride intake on the composition of the stellate cell lipid droplets. Weanling rats were placed on one of five diets that differed in retinoid or triglyceride contents. The dietary groups were: 1) control (2.4 mg retinol (as retinyl acetate)/kg diet and 20.5% of the calories supplied by triglyceride (as peanut oil]; 2) low retinol (0.6 mg retinol/kg diet and control triglyceride levels); 3) high retinol (24 mg retinol/kg diet and control triglyceride levels); 4) low triglyceride (2.4 mg retinol/kg diet and 5% of the calories supplied by triglyceride); and 5) high triglyceride (2.4 mg retinol/kg diet and 45% of the calories supplied by triglyceride). Stellate cells were isolated using the pronase-collagenase method and stellate cell lipid droplets were isolated by differential centrifugation. The levels of retinoids and other lipids were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The stellate cells from control rats contained 113 micrograms total lipid/10(6) cells. Control stellate cell lipid droplets had the following mean percent lipid composition: 39.5% retinyl ester; 31.7% triglyceride; 15.4% cholesteryl ester; 4.7% cholesterol; 6.3% phospholipids; and 2.4% free fatty acids. Both the concentration of stellate cell lipids and the composition of stellate cell lipid droplets were markedly altered by changes in dietary retinoid. The low and high retinol groups contained, respectively, 82 and 566 micrograms total lipid/10(6) cells, with retinyl ester representing, respectively, 13.6% and 65.4% of the lipid present in the stellate cell lipid droplets. Low and high triglyceride groups were similar to controls in both stellate cell lipid content and the composition of the stellate cell lipid droplets. These findings indicate that the composition of stellate cell lipid droplets is strongly regulated by dietary retinoid status but not by dietary triglyceride intake. PMID- 3241128 TI - Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. V. A novel rapid procedure to screen apolipoprotein E polymorphism. AB - A simple and new method has been developed to detect apolipoprotein E polymorphism directly from plasma or serum without prior ultracentrifugation and delipidation. The method combines the use of dialyzed plasma or serum samples with or without neuraminidase treatment followed by monodimensional isoelectric focusing in simple or 3 M urea gels at a constant low power and progressively increasing voltage over a 3-hr period, and finally protein blotting to a nitrocellulose membrane. Apolipoprotein E phenotypes are identified immunologically using a double antibody reaction, the primary antibody being a monospecific, polyclonal goat anti-apolipoprotein E, and the secondary antibody being a rabbit anti-goat IgG conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The method was employed to screen apolipoprotein E polymorphism in two white populations in the United States. The frequency values are comparable to those reported previously by other investigators using conventional detection methods. The procedure is simple, accurate, suitable for large scale epidemiologic, clinical, and genetic studies. PMID- 3241130 TI - Factors influencing the intestinal intubation in Thai adult volunteers. PMID- 3241129 TI - A simple method for the separation of triacylglycerols from fatty acids released in lipase assays. AB - A simple procedure for the partition of triacylglycerols from albumin-bound fatty acids is described. This procedure is based on the ability of fumed silicon dioxide to remove emulsified triacylglycerols from aqueous media. The method was developed for the assay of lipoprotein lipase activity but it may be used for the assay of other lipases. PMID- 3241131 TI - Abdominal actinomycosis. PMID- 3241132 TI - Abnormal uterine bleeding in women aged 40 and over. PMID- 3241133 TI - Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: analysis of 24 cases. PMID- 3241134 TI - Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase enzyme (SGPT) in asymptomatic HBsAg carrier mothers. PMID- 3241135 TI - Esophageal scarring and its relationship with the treatment of acid corrosive esophagitis. PMID- 3241136 TI - Hemostatic defect in cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease. PMID- 3241137 TI - Biliary bile acids and lipids composition in Opisthorchiasis viverrini. PMID- 3241138 TI - Intravascular malignant histiocytosis presenting with brain manifestations. PMID- 3241139 TI - The POEMS (Crow-Fukase) syndrome: a case report. PMID- 3241140 TI - The natural course of electrocardiographic stages of acute inferior myocardial infarction in regard to R/Q ratio group classification. AB - Forty-three patients with their first acute inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) were divided into three groups according to the R/Q ratio in standard lead II. This was done to correlate these groups with the characteristic course of electrocardiographic stages. The R/Q ratio was measured on the ninth day of follow-up study, and the electrocardiographic stages were followed from the onset of the IWMI up until the ninth day. Patients with R/Q greater than 2 (group I) had a more rapid progression through the electrocardiographic stages, along with a better clinical course than patients with a lower R/Q ratio. Patients in group III, with R/Q less than 1, had a slower electrocardiographic stage progression, which correlates well with a more complicated clinical course. Group II was an intermediate group in both the electrocardiographic and clinical course. Rapid stage evolution in the first 12 hours of the IWMI was followed by a more rapid progression through stages during the rest of the follow-up period. It is suggested that the R/Q ratio in lead II can be used as a marker of the severity of IWMI, since it correlates well with the course of electrocardiographic stages. The greater the R/Q ratio, the more rapid the progression of electrocardiographic stages, and the better the clinical course. This may be an additional simple and inexpensive electrocardiographic tool for following the natural course of IWMI. PMID- 3241141 TI - Increasing precordial QRS voltage correlates with improvement in left ventricular function following anterior myocardial infarction. AB - To evaluate whether changes in QRS voltage reflect changes in left ventricular function after myocardial infarction, 28 patients were studied following anterior myocardial infarction. Two-dimensional echocardiograms and 12-lead electrocardiograms were obtained during the acute phase of the infarction and again after at least 30 days of recovery (mean, 8 +/- 8 months). At follow-up, 11 patients (group A) showed improvement in left ventricular systolic function; 9 had increased net QRS voltage in V1-6 and 8 in V1-4. No improvement in ventricular function was found in 17 patients (group B); 7 had increased QRS voltage in V1-6 (p less than 0.05 vs group A) and only 5 in V1-4 (p less than 0.05 vs group A). For detection of improved left ventricular function, the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the change in net QRS voltage for leads V1-6 was 82%, 59%, and 56% respectively, and for leads V1-4 was 73%, 71%, and 62% respectively. Neither R wave voltage, Q wave voltage, nor the total number of Q waves was reliable for identifying patients with improving left ventricular function. Thus, increasing net QRS voltage in the precordial electrocardiographic leads during long-term follow-up after anterior myocardial infarction correlates with and has a reasonable sensitivity for detection of improvement in left ventricular systolic performance. PMID- 3241142 TI - Diagnostic value of Q waves outside standard precordial lead points in left anterior myocardial infarction undetectable by standard 12-lead electrocardiogram. AB - Body surface potential maps were recorded for 52 patients with solitary anterior myocardial infarction and 57 normal subjects. All patients had pure anterior wall asynergy on a left ventriculogram but no diagnostic Q wave on the standard 12 lead electrocardiogram. Q wave (greater than 30 msec) distributions on the body surface of the patients and normals were compared. The frequency of Q waves in the area above V1-V2 and in the right middle chest was significantly higher in patients than in normals. The sensitivity of Q waves for asynergy in leads from both these areas was 19-60%. The positive predictive value was 67-94%. The frequency of Q waves was significantly higher in severe asynergy than in mild asynergy. A combination of two selected unipolar leads from these areas yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 33% and 95%, respectively. With a combination of three leads, these values were 42% and 93% and with four leads 48% and 88%, respectively. The results indicate that several unipolar leads from the area above V1-V2 and from the right middle chest in addition to the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram may improve the electrocardiographic diagnostic accuracy of myocardial infarction. PMID- 3241143 TI - Diagnostic value of body surface potential mapping in old anterior non-Q myocardial infarction. AB - Body surface potential maps (BSM) were recorded from 140 chest leads in 30 healthy control subjects (C) and in 20 patients who had had an acute non-Q wave myocardial infarction (MI) 1-82 months before the study, to identify reliable indices of necrosis. In 12 MI patients the QRS complex was within normal limits on standard 12-lead ECG (group A), and in 8 patients no pathologic Q waves were present but the R waves were small and did not normally increase from V1 to V4 (group B). In each subject instantaneous potential distributions throughout the QRS interval were examined. Moreover, the potential--time integrals relating to three intervals (first 40 msec, mid-third, and last third of QRS) were calculated at each lead point and displayed as integral (I) maps. For each time interval, deviation index maps (DI), indicating the standardized differences from normal values, were calculated. An area where the integral values differed at least 2 SD from normal mean was considered abnormal. In most group A patients the inspection of instantaneous potential maps did not reveal definitively abnormal patterns. In group B patients a greater variety of patterns was found and in four cases the characteristic features of the anterior Q wave MI were observed. The DI maps of the first 40 msec of QRS provided the best diagnostic accuracy: areas of negative values 2 SD lower than normal were present in all group B patients (100%), in 8 group A patients (67%), and in 4 group C subjects (13%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3241144 TI - Correlation of electrocardiologic and pathologic findings in 100 cases of Q wave and non-Q wave myocardial infarction. AB - Of 100 cases of acute myocardial infarction as shown on autopsy, 55 cases were transmural infarcts and 45 were subendocardial. Pathologic Q waves appeared in 67% of the cases of transmural infarct and in 30% of subendocardial infarct. In transmural infarcts, Q wave infarcts occurred twice as frequently as non-Q wave infarcts. In the cases of subendocardial infarcts just the opposite was observed: non-Q wave infarcts had double the frequency of Q wave infarcts. In spite of this, when a myocardial infarct is characterized strictly by electrocardiology, it should be described by only the accurate terminology of Q wave infarct or non Q wave infarct. To distinguish with certitude between subendocardial infarct and transmural myocardial infarct on the basis of the ECG does not seem possible. Q wave infarct as "transmural" and non-Q wave infarct as "subendocardial" does not correspond to the pathologic evidence. PMID- 3241145 TI - Fourier analysis of ventricular fibrillation and synchronization of DC countershocks in defibrillation. AB - Spectral analysis of the first 40 seconds of ventricular fibrillation confirmed the presence of a large periodic component in fibrillation, with a dominant frequency of 9.9 +/- 0.7 Hz and a narrow bandwidth. To determine whether less energy was required for defibrillation at any particular phase of the ventricular fibrillation cycle, the authors studied the effect of synchronization of the countershock to the peaks and troughs of the ventricular fibrillation waveform in 12 dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (35 mg/kg iv). There was no significant difference in threshold-delivered energy or threshold-delivered current between shocks synchronized to the peaks of ventricular fibrillation, shocks synchronized to the troughs of ventricular fibrillation, and unsynchronized shocks. PMID- 3241146 TI - Activation sequence at the onset of arrhythmias induced by localized myocardial warming and programmed premature stimulation in dogs. AB - The effect of localized shortening of ventricular repolarization on arrhythmia vulnerability was studied in 10 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. An area of the anterior right ventricle was warmed by directing a light beam through a condenser lens assembly and a rectangular aperture. Arrhythmia vulnerability was assessed with low-amplitude programmed stimulation. Activation sequence maps were constructed from electrograms recorded simultaneously from 40 epicardial sites and 24 endocardial sites in and surrounding the warmed area. Recordings were taken during regular atrial and ventricular drives and during programmed stimulation in control periods and during myocardial warming. Spontaneous activity could not be induced with low-amplitude programmed stimulation during control periods in any dog. During myocardial warming arrhythmias were induced in every dog. Most induced arrhythmias had features consistent with local reentry. However, activation sequence at the onset of some arrhythmias strongly resembled that of superventricular activation and was consistent with reentry involving the His-Purkinje system. The findings provide evidence that a localized area with short ventricular repolarization is an abnormality sufficient to increase arrhythmia vulnerability and also that even in this relatively simple setting there can be multiple mechanisms for arrhythmias. PMID- 3241147 TI - Effects of pirmenol hydrochloride on the spontaneous action potentials and membrane current systems of rabbit sinoatrial node cells. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of pirmenol hydrochloride on rabbit sinoatrial node cells were examined and compared with those of several class I antiarrhythmic agents. At 1 microM, pirmenol decreased the heart rate and the rate of diastolic depolarization and increased the action potential duration at half-amplitude. Above 10 microM, the agent also decreased the maximum rate of rise (Vmax) and the action potential amplitude significantly. The order of the inhibitory potency on Vmax was apridine greater than 711389-S greater than pirmenol greater than mexiletine greater than tocainide. With respect to the current systems, pirmenol decreased the slow inward current (Isi) and the time dependent potassium outward current (IK). The agent also prolonged the recovery time constant of Isi without any changes in the decay process of the tail current (IK). These findings suggest that pirmenol depresses the spontaneous discharge of the sinoatrial node through a decrease in Isi and Ik. PMID- 3241148 TI - Vectorcardiogram synthesized from a 12-lead ECG: superiority of the inverse Dower matrix. AB - Vectorcardiographic (VCG) criteria for the diagnosis of, for example, myocardial infarction and right ventricular hypertrophy, are superior to the corresponding 12-lead ECG criteria. Contour and rotation of the QRS loops are important parts of these VCG criteria that have no direct counterpart in the 12-lead ECG. Therefore, attempts have been made to synthesize VCGs from 12-lead ECGs for diagnostic purposes. Visual comparison of QRS loops from the Frank VCG and three different synthesized VCGs was made by three independent observers to determine which method produces the most Frank-like QRS loops. The inverse transformation matrix of Dower proved to be the best method of synthesis. Normal limits for some clinically important measurements in VCG interpretation were calculated for this synthesis method and the Frank VCG. PMID- 3241149 TI - Ventricular tachycardia masquerading as supraventricular tachycardia: a wolf in sheep's clothing. AB - It is generally assumed that if a wide QRS complex tachycardia has the same morphology on the 12-lead electrocardiogram as during sinus rhythm, the tachycardia is supraventricular. The author presents unique electrocardiographic data on four patients with QRS complex morphologies that are nearly identical during ventricular tachycardia and during sinus rhythm. The QRS complex duration during sinus rhythm was 140-180 msec and was the same as that of the tachycardia. The QRS complex morphology on the electrocardiogram was a right bundle branch block, left axis in three patients and right bundle branch block, normal axis in one patient. The mean ventricular tachycardia cycle length was 345 msec. The diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia was established by electrophysiologic testing in two patients and by atrial electrograms demonstrating AV dissociation in two patients. Thus, if the 12-lead electrocardiogram morphology of a wide QRS complex tachycardia is similar to that during sinus rhythm, it does not necessarily imply that the tachycardia is supraventricular. Ventricular tachycardia can occur with the same QRS complex morphology as occurs during sinus rhythm. PMID- 3241150 TI - Miliary tuberculosis with acute respiratory failure: report of 4 cases. PMID- 3241151 TI - Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. PMID- 3241153 TI - Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in subjects positive for serum hepatitis B core antibody alone. PMID- 3241152 TI - Protective effect of ketotifen on chemiluminescence of neutrophils. PMID- 3241154 TI - Effectiveness of scoliometer in school screening for scoliosis. PMID- 3241155 TI - Hypogonadotropinemia in non-thyroidal, non-pituitary critically ill post menopausal women. PMID- 3241156 TI - Therapy with permanent pacemaker: experience with 161 patients over 17 years. PMID- 3241157 TI - The amount of external pancreatic juice drainage in pancreaticojejunostomy insufficiency. PMID- 3241158 TI - [Endoscopic naso-biliary drainage for the management of common bile duct obstruction]. PMID- 3241159 TI - [Relationships between nasal polyps and nasal allergy]. PMID- 3241160 TI - [Determination of adenosine in rabbit plasma using high pressure liquid chromatography methods]. PMID- 3241161 TI - [The widened CSF space sign-A useful CT sign for the diagnosis of spinal intradural extramedullary tumors]. PMID- 3241162 TI - Congenital methemoglobinemia due to NADH-methemoglobin reductase deficiency: report of a case. PMID- 3241163 TI - Pseudoaneurysm of common carotid artery after irradiation: report of a case. PMID- 3241164 TI - Disseminated cutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium kansasii: report of a case. PMID- 3241166 TI - Long-term results of bilateral Charnley total hip arthroplasty. AB - The results of 58 bilateral Charnley total hip arthroplasties in 29 patients operated on were assessed at an average of 62 and 145 months after operation (5 year and 10-year follow-up evaluations). At the 5-year follow-up evaluation, 96% of the available hips were graded as clinically successful. At 10 years, 94% of the successes at 5 years were again thus graded. All clinical failures (4) were caused by fracture of the stem. PMID- 3241165 TI - Design rationale in early clinical trials with a hemispherical threaded acetabular component. AB - Ninety-eight cases of a titanium hemispherical screw cup were followed for 1-3 years (average, 2 years). To differentiate stem problems from acetabular problems, as and because the early results of the cemented stem are well known, the authors studied only those uncemented screw cups with a cemented stem. Of five cases with acetabular pain, one was definitely loose and two were probably loose and require revision. With increasing experience, the selection criteria for the use of an uncemented screw cup have become increasingly rigid; today, the loose cases would probably be handled with a bipolar implant. In most cases initial radiolucency decreased with time, and on clinical radiographs the vast majority showed no radiolucency. The overall Harris rating was 91% (excellent). The early results for this component are quite promising, but further longitudinal studies are required. PMID- 3241167 TI - Proximal tibial osteotomy. A survivorship analysis. AB - Proximal tibial osteotomy is generally accepted as a treatment for the patient with unicompartmental arthritis. However, a few reports of the long-term results of this procedure are available in the literature, and none have used the technique known as survivorship analysis. This technique has an advantage over conventional analysis because it does not exclude patients for inadequate follow up, loss to follow-up, or patient death. In this study, survivorship analysis was applied to 78 proximal tibial osteotomies, performed exclusively by the senior author for the correction of a preoperative varus deformity, and a survival curve was constructed. It was concluded that the reliable longevity of the proximal tibial osteotomy is approximately 6 years. PMID- 3241168 TI - Combined anterior and posterior approach to the hip joint in reconstructive and complex arthroplasty. AB - The combined anterior and posterior approach permits access to the front and back of the hip joint for reconstruction and complex arthroplasty, usually without osteotomy of the greater trochanter, with minimal muscle release. There is ease of access to the anterior and posterior capsule, which can be resected under direct vision, thus permitting accurate hemostasis. The entire acetabular rim is exposed for bone grafting as required. The authors review the useful standard approaches and illustrate the combination of the anterior and posterior approaches through a straight lateral incision. Concomitant exploration of the sciatic nerve is demonstrated, as is the osteotomy of the trochanter performed when the ilium superior to the acetabulum must be reconstructed. The utility and limitations of the operation is illustrated by representative cases. This extensive procedure usually can prevent neurologic and vascular compromise and allows excellent observation of the skeletal structures for accurate component alignment. PMID- 3241169 TI - Posterior cruciate ligament balancing during total knee arthroplasty. AB - This study was undertaken to describe and evaluate the use of a posterior cruciate ligament balancing technique in total knee arthroplasty. Two hundred sixty total knee arthroplasties in 156 patients were performed between January 1984 and December 1985 using the described technique of posterior cruciate ligament balancing when necessary. Seventy-eight arthroplasties (30%) required ligament balancing to obtain a smooth flexion arc. At 1-year minimum follow-up evaluation, no knee was found to be unstable in the anterior-posterior plane. Average flexion arc for the posterior cruciate ligament balanced knees was 2 degrees - 114 degrees and for the standard arthroplasty was 2 degrees - 107 degrees. Posterior cruciate ligament balancing is a useful adjunct in total knee arthroplasty surgery when flexion gap tightness occurs. PMID- 3241170 TI - Long-term effects of intraarticular cobalt-chrome alloy wear particles in rats. AB - The long-term effects of cobalt-chrome alloy prosthesis wear particles were studied using intraarticular injection of particles into rat knees and killing the rats at regular periods from 1 week to 2 years following injection. The initial response was synovial ulceration, macrophage infiltration, and necrosis. A transient lymphocyte response was present at 1 week. Fibrosis of the subsynovium occurred subsequently at the sites of necrosis. A semiquantitative assessment of the number of particles and macrophages in the synovium demonstrated that the distribution of particles did not alter during the period from 1 week to 1 year. The macrophage response decreased between 1 and 2 weeks and then remained constant for 1 year. No tumors developed. This study emphasizes that cobalt-chrome wear particles and the associated macrophage response persist in the tissues for up to 2 years. The findings are relevant to the effects of wear of all designs of cobalt-chrome alloy prostheses. PMID- 3241171 TI - Tissue response to porous-coated implants lacking initial bone apposition. AB - Although initial bone apposition of a porous-surfaced implant is desirable, it is not always achieved surgically. A model to study the effect of a gap on the quantity and quality of bone growth in both the cancellous and cortical regions has been developed. Implants were surgically placed in the intramedullary canals of adult dogs producing uniform gap spaces 0.0-2.0 mm wide. Histologic and microradiographic evaluations were conducted after 3, 6, and 12 weeks in situ. The results demonstrate that the initial apposition of a porous implant to the surrounding bone surface is not necessary for fixation by bone ingrowth. New bone will grow up to and within the porous structure of an implant even when there is a gap as large as 2.0 mm. However, the rate and degree of maturity and mineralization is enhanced when the gap width is 0.5 mm or less. The amount of bone activity in the cortical region was greater than in the cancellous region at 3 and 6 weeks after operation. After 12 weeks in situ bone growth in gap spaces and into the porous coating was approximately equal. PMID- 3241172 TI - Stress fractures of the femoral neck following total knee arthroplasty. AB - The author reviews the literature concerning stress fractures of the femoral neck following total knee arthroplasty and presents two additional cases. These fractures are rare and are frequently missed initially. Awareness of the condition may help to make early diagnosis. PMID- 3241173 TI - Subtrochanteric osteotomy with intramedullary fixation for arthroplasty of the dysplastic hip. A case report. AB - Hip dysplasia in its end stage may require arthroplasty, and often extreme femoral anteversion is present. To correct rotational alignment of knee and hip joints yet preserve part of the femoral neck during total hip arthroplasty, a subtrochanteric derotational osteotomy was performed in a 37-year-old woman. Intramedullary fixation of the osteotomy was secured using a custom-fitted femoral component alone. PMID- 3241174 TI - Sagittal plane positioning of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty. AB - The authors evaluated 623 total knee arthroplasties to determine the relationship between sagittal plane position of the femoral component and the final range of motion of the prosthetic knee. Two different prostheses were evaluated (Posterior Cruciate Condylar and A.G.C.) radiographically and functionally. Variation in sagittal plane position ranged from 20 degrees flexion to 20 degrees extension. No correlation between the sagittal plane position of the femoral component in either prosthesis and the final knee range of motion could be found. Sagittal plane femoral component position in the prostheses studied did not affect final range of motion when component position was between 20 degrees flexion and 20 degrees of extension. PMID- 3241175 TI - Septic polyarthritis and its relation to systemic disease processes. A report of three cases. AB - In the case of a postoperative joint infection, the orthopaedic surgeon is frequently blamed. Certain intrinsic disease processes, however, make a joint more susceptible to infection. In these three reports of septic polyarthritis, all patients had underlying systemic disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and hemophilia A. Two of the three patients had had no recent surgical procedures. This suggests that the development of a pyarthrosis may depend at least as much on the patient's underlying systemic condition as on the surgeon and his or her technique. PMID- 3241176 TI - Dislocation of the posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty. A report of two cases. AB - This brief report details the previously unreported complication of dislocation of the posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Both patients had valgus deformities requiring extensive release of the contracted lateral soft tissues. The mechanism of dislocation was one of slight flexion and external rotation. The prosthetic tibial spine became locked posterior to the femoral cam. Reduction was accomplished by applying traction and anterior translation on the tibia with the knee slightly flexed. No redislocations have occurred. A literature review is presented and the authors discuss technique modifications that may prevent this complication. PMID- 3241177 TI - Two-stage reimplantation of septic total knee arthroplasty. Report of three cases using an antibiotic-PMMA spacer block. AB - The management of an infected total knee implant is a major challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. This article reviews the use of antibiotic-PMMA spacer block in two-stage reimplanation of septic total knee arthroplasties. In addition to serving as an antibiotic delivery system between the time of component removal and reimplantation, the antibiotic-impregnated spacer block imparts mechanical stability to the joint and decreases the morbidity during the period before reimplantation. This temporary "interposition arthroplasty" facilitates the patient's ambulation and also simplifies dissection at the time of reimplantation. Furthermore, osteoporotic bone at the time of resection becomes firm, good-quality bone by the time of reimplantation. PMID- 3241179 TI - Anterior femoral notching and ipsilateral supracondylar femur fracture in total knee arthroplasty. PMID- 3241178 TI - Removal of the acetabular component minimizing destruction of the bone bed. AB - Removal of a well-fixed acetabular component can be difficult and may produce destruction of the acetabular bone bed. The authors describe a technique for removal of such a component with minimal bone destruction that involves the use of an offset punch and breaking the fixation interface in tension. This technique obviates the need for prying at the interface and fracturing the bone bed. PMID- 3241180 TI - The interaction of monofluorofumarate with adenylosuccinate lyase. AB - Monofluorofumarate was tested as an alternate substrate and inhibitor for adenylosuccinate lyase. Monofluorofumarate was found to be a slow reacting substrate when either AMP or AICAR (5-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) were used as substrate acceptor molecules at pH 7.5. There was no indication that monofluorofumarate could induce the inactivation of adenylosuccinate lyase. The initial reaction product when monofluorofumarate was incubated with AMP in the presence of adenylosuccinate lyase has been determined to be 2-fluoro-adenylosuccinate. This molecule lost HF spontaneously, and the subsequent intermediate was rapidly hydrolyzed to oxalacetate and AMP. A similar reaction scheme was also observed when AICAR was utilized as a cosubstrate with monofluorofumarate. The initial reaction rate when 1.0 mM monofluorofumarate and 1.0 mM AMP were used as substrates with adenylosuccinate lyase was only 1.4% of the rate when 1.0 mM fumarate was used. AICAR (1.0 mM) was found to react with monofluorofumarate at 8.9% of the rate that it reacts with fumarate. PMID- 3241181 TI - Structure and dynamics of serine hydrolase-organophosphate adducts. AB - The structural profile for the interactions between serine proteases and organophosphorus (OP) compounds can be deduced from recent NMR and X-ray crystallographic data. Using the rationale proposed for serine proteases, dynamic data on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by OP compounds is also consistent with structural constraints and an impairment of the proton switch mechanism during phosphorylation. PMID- 3241182 TI - Structure-activity relationships for non-steroidal inhibitors of aromatase. AB - A model is described for the binding of non-steroidal inhibitors of aromatase to the enzyme with interaction of a ligand with the Fe3+-haem of the cytochrome. The model suggests that the inhibitors utilise a common binding site with ring A of the steroidal substrates. PMID- 3241183 TI - Proceedings of the 12th scientific meeting of the International Society of Hypertension. 22-26 May 1988, Kyoto, Japan. PMID- 3241184 TI - Non-invasive ultrasonic study of maximal aortic blood acceleration in patients with borderline and sustained essential hypertension. AB - Using a pulsed Doppler method to evaluate the aortic velocity curve transcutaneously, the maximal aortic blood acceleration was evaluated in normal subjects and in age-matched patients with borderline and sustained essential hypertension. Maximal aortic blood acceleration was significantly elevated in patients with borderline hypertension and remained within the normal range in patients with sustained hypertension. Since maximal aortic blood acceleration is relatively insensitive to preload and afterload, these findings might give indirect information on the contractile state of the myocardium in patients with hypertension. PMID- 3241185 TI - Blood pressure and cardiac morphology in young children of hypertensive subjects. AB - Our aim was to assess echocardiographic parameters and the effort blood pressure of 50 children of hypertensives with respect to 50 children of normotensives. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures at rest were comparable between the two groups. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI), interventricular septum and posterior wall thicknesses were higher in children of hypertensives (P less than 0.01). Systolic blood pressure was higher in children of hypertensives at maximal effort until 5 min of recovery (P less than 0.01). Similarly, diastolic blood pressure was higher at 1 and 2 min of recovery (P less than 0.01). Direct correlations of mean diastolic wall thickness (r = 0.39, P less than 0.01) and LVMI (r = 0.33, P less than 0.05) with percentage effort systolic blood pressure increases were found in children of hypertensives but not in children of normotensives. In conclusion, we confirmed early cardiac alterations and a tendency for effort hypertension in children of hypertensives. The relationship between these data could be explained either by effort systolic overload or by a common response to an increased adrenergic stimulus. PMID- 3241187 TI - The Volhard lecture. Potassium and sodium in hypertension. AB - For the first 98.5% of mankind's existence, prehistoric people all ate low-sodium high-potassium, low-fat diets. With evolutionary forces working all this while, humans became very well adapted to the low-sodium, high-potassium, low-fat diet. In modern times, man has deserted his ancient cuisine and now favours a high sodium, low-potassium, high-fat diet, which has produced several 'diseases of civilization', including hypertension. Many studies indicate that a 'normal' potassium diet encourages arterial thickening and lesions in hypertensive arteries and kidneys, whereas a high-potassium diet can prevent many of these arterial and renal lesions, even though the blood pressure remains equally hypertensive. The high-potassium diet also tends to retard the development of hypertension. In susceptible people and rats, a high-NaCl diet leads to hypertension. This susceptibility is probably brought about by kidneys that have a sluggish sodium excretion in response to a NaCl load. This type of kidney combined with a high-NaCl diet tends to produce NaCl retention. Evidence is presented that this NaCl signal may be perceived by structures in the wall of the third brain ventricle. In susceptible men or rats, this can lead to a hypertensive rise in blood pressure, which over time can become partially irreversible, even though a low-NaCl diet is reinstituted. PMID- 3241186 TI - Cardiovascular structural changes induced by isolation-stress hypertension in the rat. AB - The cardiovascular structural remodelling associated with psychogenic hypertension was investigated in genetically normotensive rats subjected to isolation stress. Male Wistar rats were stressed by intermittent social isolation and compared to control rats living in groups. The stressed rats had higher systolic blood pressures than the control rats throughout the study. After 1 week of isolation, ornithine decarboxylase activity, a marker for hypertrophy, was increased in the right ventricle of the stressed rats. After 6 weeks of intermittent isolation, the myocardium of the stressed rats was hypertrophied, involving both right and left ventricles. The aorta was also hypertrophied, whereas the tail artery remained unaffected. Later, after 12 weeks of isolation, the left ventricular hypertrophy persisted whereas the right ventricle and aorta returned to normal. It seems, therefore, that social stress hypertension is accompanied by very early structural changes, which affect at least the heart and the aorta, and cannot be directly linked to the severity or duration of hypertension. PMID- 3241188 TI - Steroid binding to cardiac type I receptors: in vivo studies. AB - In vitro, Type I (mineralocorticoid) receptors show equivalently high affinity for aldosterone, corticosterone and cortisol in cytosol preparations from a wide range of tissues. This steroid non-selectivity is also found for hippocampal Type I receptors in vivo; in contrast, Type I receptors in physiological mineralcorticoid target tissues are highly aldosterone-specific in vivo. In the present study we show that Type I receptors in the heart are non-selective in vivo, like those in hippocampus, and therefore presumably act as high-affinity glucocorticoid receptors rather than mineralocorticoid receptors. PMID- 3241189 TI - Left ventricular filling characteristics in sodium-depleted and sodium-loaded patients with mild essential hypertension. AB - To determine left ventricular early diastolic function and transmitral blood-flow characteristics during periods of sodium depletion (50 mmol/day) and sodium loading (300 mmol/day), Doppler and standard echocardiography were performed in 13 patients with untreated mild hypertension. A high sodium intake for 7 days significantly increased (P less than 0.05) the ratio of Doppler atrial contraction phase peak velocity A to rapid filling phase peak velocity R. The isovolumic relaxation time was prolonged (P less than 0.001) and the left atrial emptying index was reduced (P less than 0.05). During sodium loading the changes in isovolumic relaxation time and the atrial emptying index were correlated with the increase in mean wall stress (r = 0.600, P less than 0.05 and r = -0.695, P less than 0.01, respectively), but not with the increase in end-diastolic volume. These results suggest that during excess salt intake, left ventricular relaxation and filling may be impaired due to a salt-induced increase in afterload in patients with mild hypertension. PMID- 3241190 TI - Significance of arterial hypertension on coronary collateral circulation development and left ventricular function in coronary artery disease. AB - To assess the role of arterial hypertension in the development of coronary collateral circulation in relation to coronary artery disease, severity and left ventricular function, we studied 433 men with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Of these, 122 showed disease in one vessel, 157 showed disease in two vessels and 159 patients showed disease in three vessels; 153 (35.3%) patients had arterial hypertension. The hypertensive patients had a similar distribution of diseased coronary vessels and similar coronary obstruction scores according to Gensini compared with the normotensive patients (64 versus 62, NS), but they had higher left ventricular ejection fraction values (51.5 versus 46.8%, P = 0.002). Coronary collateral circulation was more often seen in hypertensives (70.6 versus 57.1%, P = 0.006), especially high-grade coronary collateral circulation (27 versus 15%, P = 0.001). However, patients with coronary collateral circulation had more severe coronary artery disease, whether they had arterial hypertension (71 versus 46, P = 0.00008) or not (76 versus 43, P less than 0.00001). Thus, for a similar severity of coronary artery disease, patients with arterial hypertension and also coronary collateral circulation had higher ejection fraction values (52.6 versus 46.1%, P = 0.0006). This was more readily observed in those patients with disease in three vessels and coronary collateral circulation (52 versus 42.8%, P = 0.002). Patients without coronary collateral circulation had similar ejection fraction and coronary obstruction score values, irrespective of arterial hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3241192 TI - Sodium-calcium exchange in vascular smooth muscle of Wistar-Kyoto and stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The role of the sodium-calcium (Na-Ca) exchange in vascular smooth muscle contraction was examined in tail artery rings isolated from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The rings were repeatedly stimulated with noradrenaline (1 microM) in physiological salt solution (Na = 130 mM), until two successive contractions were of the same magnitude. The rings were then placed in physiological salt solution with reduced sodium concentrations (65 mM or 0 mM, replaced isosmotically with sucrose), and the noradrenaline stimulations continued. In WKY rings, the reduction of sodium concentration produced an increase in the response to noradrenaline, which was significant in sodium-free physiological salt solution. In SHRSP rings, however, the same reductions in sodium concentration produced significantly less potentiation of the noradrenaline contraction, even in sodium free physiological salt solution. We conclude that (1) in WKY, the reduced and reversed activity of the Na-Ca exchange produced by the reductions in sodium concentration makes more calcium available for contraction when the smooth muscle is stimulated with noradrenaline; and (2) the failure of sodium reductions to produce a normal potentiation of the response to noradrenaline in SHRSP indicates a depressed activity of the Na-Ca exchange in this tissue. PMID- 3241191 TI - Possible involvement of protein kinase C in the maintenance of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Calcium-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A) were measured in tissue extracts of aortas from 7-, 14- and 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Protein kinase C and protein kinase A activity was significantly higher in 14- and 20-week-old SHR. Furthermore, protein kinase C and protein kinase A activity in the aorta was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure. Since protein kinase A is known to relax vascular smooth muscle, the observed increase in its activity may represent a compensatory mechanism to offset further elevation of blood pressure in SHR. These results suggest that protein kinase C in the aorta may play a role in the maintenance of hypertension in SHR. PMID- 3241193 TI - Cellular mechanisms of hypertension and atherosclerosis: hypoxia-induced lipid accumulation in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The effects of hypoxia on the lipid metabolism of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were examined. The total cholesterol in smooth muscle cells cultured with hyperlipidaemic serum reached higher levels under hypoxic conditions (3.5% O2, 5.0% CO2, 91.5% N2) than under normal conditions (20% O2, 5.0% CO2, 75% N2). In normal serum, cholesterol increased slightly under hypoxic conditions. No difference was noted in cholesterol synthesis from [14C]-acetic acid. Triglyceride levels in smooth muscle cells cultured with hyperlipidaemic serum and normal serum were significantly increased compared with fetal calf serum. The increase in triglyceride levels was inhibited markedly under hypoxic conditions. Triglyceride synthesis induced by normal serum in the hypoxic cells was decreased compared with control cells. The metabolic rate of triglyceride did not differ between the two. These results indicate that hypoxic conditions accelerate the cellular uptake of cholesterol, an initial step in atherogenesis. PMID- 3241194 TI - Failure of chronic administration of growth hormone to affect blood pressure, vascular reactivity and sodium metabolism in normal rats. AB - To examine the effects of exogenous growth hormone on the cardiovascular system and sodium metabolism, ovine growth hormone was given daily to female rats for 5 weeks. Growth hormone resulted in a significant increase in body mass compared with controls. However, blood pressure in the treated rats was not significantly different from that in controls. Following treatment, the baseline resistances and pressor responses of the isolated mesenteric beds did not differ between the two groups. In addition, exchangeable sodium, erythrocytic intracellular sodium and transmembrane sodium efflux rate constants were not altered significantly by growth hormone treatment. The failure to observe cardiovascular or sodium effects of growth hormone despite significant potentiation of growth is, at present, unexplained. PMID- 3241195 TI - Opposite effects of hypertension and smoking on large artery wall shear conditions. AB - Wall shear phenomena were studied in the brachial artery in non-smoking and smoking normotensive and hypertensive subjects of similar age. Pulsed Doppler investigation revealed brachial artery diameter, and mean and systolic blood velocities (at the centerline of the vessel). A Poiseuillean blood velocity distribution was used to determine the wall shear rate and stress from velocity, diameter and viscosity. This was expressed in terms of mean and systolic values. Although hypertension and smoking both increased blood viscosity, hypertension reduced mean and systolic shear rates and stresses in non-smokers but not in smokers, and smoking increased mean and systolic shear rates and stresses in hypertensives but not in normotensives. Thus, the decreasing shear effect of hypertension was blunted by smoking, while the increasing shear effect of smoking was elicited by hypertension, suggesting an interaction of these factors on wall shear conditions. PMID- 3241196 TI - Non-invasive measurement of internal diameter of peripheral arteries during the cardiac cycle. AB - An ultrasonic device was developed for continuous monitoring of the internal diameter of human peripheral arteries. The diastolic internal diameter of the radial artery measured in 10 supine normotensive subjects averaged 2.36 +/- 0.12 mm (mean +/- s.e.) and the change in diameter during the pulse wave was 0.037 +/- 0.003 mm. It was surprising to find that when the transducer was used to apply pressure on the radial artery, the difference between the systolic and the diastolic diameter was significantly increased while the diastolic diameter was reduced. This method therefore allows continuous, accurate and non-invasive measurement of the internal diameter of the human radial artery. PMID- 3241197 TI - Flow-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery in essential hypertension: preliminary report. AB - Brachial artery haemodynamics including brachial artery diameter and local blood flow velocity were studied in 10 normotensive subjects and 10 age-matched hypertensive patients. A bidimensional pulsed Doppler system was used at rest, during a 2-min period of distal circulatory occlusion and during reactive hyperaemia. The kinetics of changes in blood flow velocity and brachial artery diameter were determined during successive and reproducible manoeuvres. The two parameters decreased significantly during distal artery occlusion in both groups. During reactive hyperaemia, blood velocity reached similar maximal values in both groups and brachial artery diameter increased significantly in both normotensives and hypertensives. Changes in the brachial artery diameter during reactive hyperaemia were positively and significantly correlated to changes in blood flow velocity recorded at the same level. No significant difference was found between normotensives and hypertensives. This study has provided a demonstration of velocity-dependent variations in the diameter of a large artery in humans; the results suggest that velocity-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery is not impaired in essential hypertension. PMID- 3241198 TI - Microcirculatory changes in cremaster muscle during early spontaneous hypertension in the rat. AB - The microcirculatory control of flow was studied in the cremaster muscle of 5- to 6-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) using intravital microscopic techniques. Arterioles were classified according to a functional branching order from A1-A4 vessels. Capillary architecture was measured in a separate series of experiments. No significant differences were found in the WKY or SHR vessel diameters, with the exception of third-order arterioles, which were slightly, but significantly, larger in SHR. However, the number of A3 and A4 vessels as well as the capillary density was significantly lower in SHR than in WKY. The differences were even more pronounced during maximal vasodilation induced by local application of 10(-3) mol/l adenosine. The data show that rarefaction of small blood vessels rather than decreased arteriolar diameter is an early characteristic of spontaneous hypertension in the rat. PMID- 3241199 TI - Analysis of Ca2+ in aortic tissue: age-dependent Ca2+ content in spontaneously hypertensive rats and in normotensive controls. AB - In the present study particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) was used to analyse the spatial distribution of Ca2+ in aortic tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive controls aged 1 week, 4 weeks and 12 weeks. Ca2+ was not elevated in the aortic smooth muscle of SHR aged 1 week (n = 9) compared with normotensive controls (n = 8; 186.8 +/- 89.9 micrograms Ca2+/g tissue). Ca2+ was significantly increased in the aortic smooth muscle of SHR aged 4 weeks (n = 9) compared with 4-week-old Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (n = 12; 726.0 +/- 130.4 micrograms Ca2+/g tissue versus 440.3 +/- 214.4 micrograms Ca2+/g tissue) and in SHR aged 3 months (n = 15) compared with WKY (n = 12), (3317.0 +/- 734.0 tissue versus 1632.0 +/- 569.6 micrograms Ca2+/g tissue, respectively). The results confirm an age-related increase in arterial Ca2+ in normotensive rats and demonstrate that this age-related rise is accelerated in SHR. PMID- 3241200 TI - Characterization of erythrocyte adducin from the Milan hypertensive strain of rats. AB - Previous studies showed that erythrocytes from the Milan hypertensive strain of rats (MHS) are smaller and have a faster Na-K cotransport when compared with their normotensive controls (MNS). These characteristics are determined within the stem cell, are genetically associated with hypertension and are similar to other renal tubular cell abnormalities more directly involved in the development of hypertension in MHS. The difference in volume is maintained in ghost membranes, while the difference in transport is abolished in inside-out vesicles. Ghosts and cytoskeletons contain a 105-kilodalton protein already characterized by immunoblotting. This protein has been identified with erythrocyte adducin by several criteria, including binding to calmodulin and protein kinase C, phosphorylation and full immunological cross-reactivity with human adducin. Since only MHS rats immunized with MNS erythrocyte cytoskeletons produce anti-adducin antibodies, we suggest an immunogenic structural difference in adducin from the two strains, and an involvement of this difference in the alteration of Na-K cotransport observed. PMID- 3241202 TI - Sodium sensitivity of blood pressure and baroreceptor reflex function in patients with essential hypertension. AB - In order to define the role of the baroreceptor reflex function in the sodium sensitivity of blood pressure in patients with mild essential hypertension, 25 patients were classified into two groups, salt-sensitive and salt-insensitive, depending on the difference in the averages of the resting systolic blood pressure, taken hourly on the fifth day of 7 days of sodium depletion and on the fifth day of 7 days of repletion. Increases in urinary sodium excretion and body weight and a decrease in haemotocrit during the sodium repletion period were similar in both groups. Baroreceptor reflex function, estimated from the baroreceptor slope and the blood pressure change on a 70 degrees tilting test, was enhanced by the sodium repletion period in the sodium-insensitive group but not in the sodium-sensitive group. These results suggest that sodium sensitivity might be due to differences in the ability of the baroreceptor reflex function to become sensitized during a high sodium intake. PMID- 3241201 TI - Intracellular free magnesium in hypertension: relation to peripheral insulin resistance. AB - In order to study the importance of altered intracellular ion metabolism in hypertension, we used 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure intracellular free magnesium levels in normotensive (n = 19), essential hypertensive (n = 17) and diet-controlled diabetic (n = 6) subjects given a standard 100-g oral glucose load. The intracellular Mg level was significantly lower in hypertensives compared with normotensives (183 +/- 7 versus 232 +/- 10 mumol/l, P less than 0.001), and for all subjects was closely linked to both systolic (r = -0.84, P less than 0.001) and diastolic (r = -0.76, P less than 0.001) pressure. Hypertensives also showed a significantly greater insulinaemic response to glucose loading (P less than 0.001), and intracellular Mg was also closely and inversely linked to the integrated insulin response (r = -0.78, P less than 0.001). Despite the absence of hyperinsulinaemia, diabetics had the lowest intracellular Mg levels (156 +/- 8 mumol/l). Thus, suppressed intracellular Mg is linked to hypertension and to decreased tissue insulin sensitivity, and is not consequent to the hyperinsulinaemia itself. We suggest that intracellular Mg may provide a common pathophysiological basis for understanding the clinical association of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3241204 TI - Effects of dietary calcium on the development of salt hypertension in young and adult Dahl rats. AB - The effect of dietary calcium on the development of salt hypertension was studied in young and adult Dahl rats. Age-dependent development of blood pressure was compared in salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) Dahl rats that were fed either a low-calcium (0.15%) or a high-calcium (2.5%) diet. Systolic blood pressure was consistently higher in DS rats than in a comparable group of DR rats. In young DS rats the high-calcium diet transiently attenuated the development of hypertension, whereas in adult rats this diet potentiated the development of hypertension. In young DS rats total plasma calcium was increased by the high-calcium diet, but in adult rats it was significantly decreased. Our results suggest that the effects of dietary calcium supplementation on calcium metabolism and the development of salt hypertension in DS rats depend on the age at which calcium supplementation is started. PMID- 3241203 TI - Different patterns of cellular sodium turnover in essential hypertension. AB - Erythrocyte sodium turnover was studied in 22 men aged 56 years who had been treated for hypertension for 7 years. Investigations were performed during treatment, and 1 and 4 weeks after withdrawal of therapy, and when hypertension had returned (blood pressure greater than or equal to 170/105 mmHg). Hypertension returned early in 11 patients (group A) and late in 11 patients (group B). There was no difference in blood pressure, therapy, body weight or peripheral resistance between the groups, but group A had a greater left ventricular mass. Intra-erythrocyte sodium was determined by flame photometry. Sodium influx and the rate constant of sodium efflux were calculated from uptake values of 22Na. In group B the return of hypertension was accompanied by a tendency for an increase in intra-erythrocyte sodium and a decrease in sodium efflux. In group A opposing changes were seen, so that significant differences occurred in sodium efflux and intra-erythrocyte sodium between the groups occurred at the reappearance of hypertension. The results are compatible with the appearance of a membrane abnormality in patients with a slow return of hypertension, whereas other mechanisms, e.g. increased sympathetic activity, may be associated with the more rapid rise in blood pressure in the other group. PMID- 3241205 TI - Genes and pseudogenes for calmodulin in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The structural organization of calmodulin genes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) was extensively studied to search for alterations in calmodulin. We constructed genomic libraries of SHR and cloned all calmodulin-related genes in the genome. We also cloned and sequenced calmodulin complementary (c)DNA from a rat brain (Sprague-Dawley) cDNA library. We cloned three distinct calmodulin genes, naming them CaM I, II and III. Three distinct cDNA clones corresponding to these genes (pRCM1, pRCM3 and pRCM4) were also cloned. These SHR calmodulin genes all encoded normal calmodulin, and no alteration was found. Four processed pseudogenes, lambda SC9 for CaM I gene and lambda SC8, lambda SC19 and lambda SC27 genes for CaM II genes were also cloned and analysed. PMID- 3241206 TI - Calcium efflux in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from genetically hypertensive rats: effect of angiotensin II and vasopressin. AB - Control of cell calcium handling and transport may be abnormal in hypertension. We have studied calcium efflux rates in response to angiotensin II and vasopressin in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from New Zealand genetically hypertensive rats and normotensive control rats. Calcium efflux with both peptides was time- and concentration-dependent and was significantly greater in cells from the genetically hypertensive rats (P less than 0.001, analysis of variance). In addition, mean +/- s.d. protein content (0.31 +/- 0.01 versus 0.28 +/- 0.02 mg/well, n = 48, P less than 0.001) and calculated total cell calcium (3.63 +/- 0.27 versus 2.86 +/- 0.32 nmol/mg protein, n = 16, P less than 0.005) were greater in genetically hypertensive rat cells. These data are consistent with the presence of abnormal cell calcium dynamics in hypertension in genetically hypertensive rats. PMID- 3241207 TI - Effects of felodipine on blood pressure and lymphocyte membrane characteristics in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. AB - Adult spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP) and age- and sex matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were treated with the calcium-channel antagonist felodipine for 2-4 weeks (1 mg/g in rat chow powder). Control rats of both strains were fed untreated chow. At the end of the treatment period we measured blood pressure, net potassium efflux and intralymphocytic calcium concentration. In the untreated rats the values for these parameters were significantly higher in SHRSP than in WKY. Felodipine treatment caused a reduction in the SHRSP values to WKY levels. We conclude that the high blood pressure of SHRSP results from an increase in membrane permeability to calcium. The resultant increase in intralymphocytic calcium concentration causes an increase in net potassium efflux via calcium-activated potassium channels. By reducing the membrane permeability to calcium with felodipine, these parameters were returned to normal or near normal levels. PMID- 3241208 TI - Involvement of vascular endothelium in the potentiation of vasoconstrictor responses by neuropeptide Y. AB - Although neuropeptide Y is not a potent vasoconstrictor in many vascular beds, nanomolar concentrations of this peptide can potentiate the response of isolated blood vessels to sympathetic stimulation or exogenous vasoconstrictors. Potentiation of the response to field stimulation was observed in superfused ring segments of rabbit ear artery or canine saphenous vein, provided that the endothelium was not mechanically damaged. The ability of neuropeptide Y to potentiate the constrictor response to noradrenaline in the ear artery was also dependent on the presence of an intact endothelium. The release of an endothelial derived vasoconstrictor substance, as yet unidentified, by neuropeptide Y may explain its ability to potentiate the responses to both nerve stimulation and a variety of exogenous vasoconstrictors. PMID- 3241209 TI - Ageing suppresses endothelium-dependent relaxation and generates contraction mediated by the muscarinic receptors in vascular smooth muscle of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - We evaluated the effects of ageing and hypertension on endothelium-dependent relaxation and contraction of vascular smooth muscles. Aortic rings with and without endothelium from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), divided into young, adult and old groups, were examined for relaxation in response to acetylcholine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and sodium nitroprusside. Relaxation responses to acetylcholine and ATP in SHR were either equal to or greater than those in WKY. Relaxations induced by ATP were not altered by ageing, while the degree of acetylcholine-induced endothelium dependent relaxations was in an inverse order of age in both SHR and WKY. In old SHR and WKY and adult SHR, lower doses of acetylcholine caused relaxations, but increases in the dose of acetylcholine induced contraction. Acetylcholine-induced contractions were abolished by indomethacin or endothelium rubbing. We conclude that endothelium-dependent relaxations are not diminished by spontaneous hypertension but the relaxations mediated by the muscarinic receptors are reduced with ageing. Further, acetylcholine causes endothelium-dependent contractions by releasing cyclo-oxygenase products, not only in SHR but also in aged normotensive WKY. PMID- 3241210 TI - A new approach to the prevention of hypertensive cardiovascular diseases by controlling the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - Cholera toxin subunit B suppressed the proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from the thoracic aorta of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP). Since cholera toxin subunit B did not stimulate cyclic AMP accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells, the effect of cholera toxin subunit B might be due to another mechanism. Cholera toxin subunit B bound to the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells and was rapidly incorporated into them. The morphological structure of vascular smooth muscle cells was transformed from the synthetic type to the non synthetic type, in which microfilaments and intermediate filaments were abundantly formed, while rough endoplasmic reticulum was decreased after CTB treatment. PMID- 3241212 TI - Intracellular pH in platelets from spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats. AB - Intracellular pH in platelets from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) was measured using a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye, 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)carboxyfluorescein tetraacetoxy methyl ester (BCECF). Intracellular pH in platelets was significantly higher in SHR than in WKY (7.12 +/- 0.04 versus 7.06 +/- 0.02, P less than 0.01; n = 10). There was a close correlation between intracellular pH and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.66, P less than 0.01). Addition to platelets of 1-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl)-2 methylpiperazine (H-7), a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, produced a significantly larger decrease in intracellular pH in SHR than in WKY (0.06 +/- 0.02 versus 0.03 +/- 0.00, P less than 0.01, n = 5). These results suggest that protein kinase C may play an important role in the increased intracellular pH in SHR. PMID- 3241211 TI - Increased sensitivity to protein kinase C activation in aortas of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The aortic muscle of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive control (WKY) rats was stimulated with phorbol esters and the contractile response was measured as isometric tension. Phorbol esters are known activators of protein kinase C. The aortas of SHR were characterized by the following distinct alterations in the response to phorbol myristate acetate: (1) increased sensitivity: half-maximal force was achieved at 62 +/- 6 nmol/l phorbol myristate acetate in SHR and 105 +/- 8 nmol/l in WKY; (2) increased contractility: the maximal force developed by phorbol myristate acetate was greater in SHR aortas (1.9 +/- 0.3 versus 1.6 +/- 0.2 g in WKY) compared with the decreased contractility generated with noradrenaline and high levels of potassium; (3) decreased dependency on extracellular calcium for half-maximal tension: in the presence of 3 mumol/l phorbol myristate acetate 50% of maximal force was attained at 21 +/- 8 mumol/l extracellular calcium compared with 49 +/- 9 mumol/l in WKY; (4) diminished relaxation in response to excess extracellular calcium: phorbol myristate acetate-precontracted WKY aortas began to relax when calcium was raised above 4 mmol/l in the bath and relaxation reached 51% at 8-10 mmol/l. Relaxation was almost absent in SHR (3-7%). Hence, there is an abnormality in the response to protein kinase C activation by phorbol esters in SHR vascular smooth muscle. Intracellular calcium appears to be involved. Studies of protein kinase C will prove important in understanding vascular smooth muscle function in normal and abnormal states. PMID- 3241213 TI - Does cytosolic free calcium concentration in platelets reflect tone and structural changes of resistance vessels? AB - To investigate tone and vascular changes of resistance vessels as related to cytosolic free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) in platelets, we measured forearm vascular resistance and free calcium concentration in platelets from 10 essential hypertensives and 15 normotensives. The [Ca2+]i in platelets was significantly higher in essential hypertensives than in normotensives (184 +/- 43 versus 146 +/ 23 nmol/l, P less than 0.01). The [Ca2+]i levels in platelets were significantly correlated with both systolic (r = 0.50, P less than 0.05) and diastolic blood pressures (r = 0.57, P less than 0.01). Resting vascular resistance and minimal vascular resistance were significantly higher in essential hypertensives than in normotensives (30.6 +/- 12.6 and 2.57 +/- 1.30 versus 16.3 +/- 8.0 and 1.47 +/- 0.63 mmHg/ml per min per 100 ml, P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). Both resting and minimal vascular resistance were significantly correlated with [Ca2+]i in platelets (r = 0.40 and P less than 0.05, r = 0.55 and P less than 0.01, respectively). These results suggest that [Ca2+]i in platelets reflects [Ca2+]i in vascular smooth muscle cells and may be a significant determinant of not only tone but also structural changes of resistance vessels. PMID- 3241214 TI - Relationship of cellular calcium to salt sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The significance of cellular calcium metabolism and systemic calcium balance in sodium chloride sensitivity was studied in 16 patients with essential hypertension and in 13 normotensive subjects. With changes in sodium chloride intake from 3 to 20 g/day, mean blood pressure, lymphocyte [Ca2+]i and the acute hypotensive response to nifedipine were increased in the hypertensive patients, but not in the normotensive subjects. Serum calcium concentration was decreased and urinary calcium excretion was increased in both groups. In the hypertensive patients, elevation of mean blood pressure was positively correlated with the increase in lymphocyte [Ca2+]i and with the enhancement of the hypotensive response to nifedipine, but it was not related to the change in serum or urinary calcium. These results suggest that enhancement of cellular-calcium-dependent vasoconstriction may lead to increased blood pressure following sodium chloride loading in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 3241215 TI - Lipoprotein binding to cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from normotensive and hypertensive rats. AB - Little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the higher incidence of atherosclerosis in hypertensive subjects. In view of the known atherogenic role of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), the aim of the present study was to evaluate possible differences in LDL binding to cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from normotensive and hypertensive rats. We studied the time dependence and dose-dependence of LDL binding to both cell types. Low density lipoprotein binding to smooth muscle cells from the hypertensive rat was significantly higher than that to smooth muscle cells from the normotensive rat. This mechanism might explain the higher incidence of atherosclerotic lesions observed in hypertension. PMID- 3241217 TI - Endogenous noradrenaline re-uptake blocking factor in rats with reduced renal mass hypertension. AB - This study was carried out to elucidate the involvement of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of reduced renal mass (RRM)-salt hypertension in rats. Male Wistar rats underwent subtotal nephrectomy (70-80% reduction in renal mass). On the 10th postoperative day, systolic blood pressure was higher in RRM-salt rats than in RRM-water rats. Perfusion of isolated mesenteric vasculature from normotensive rats, with the deproteinized plasma from RRM-salt hypertensive rats induced significantly higher pressor responses and noradrenaline overflow with electrical stimulation than the perfusate from RRM water normotensive rats; the responses to exogenous noradrenaline showed no significant changes. In the presence of desipramine, noradrenaline overflow did not increase following perfusion with plasma from RRM-salt hypertensive rats. These data indicate that plasma from rats with RRM-salt hypertension might contain some noradrenaline re-uptake blocking factor. PMID- 3241216 TI - 5HT3 receptor-mediated vasodilation in the human forearm. AB - The role of neuronal 5HT3 receptors in the vascular response induced by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) was investigated in seven healthy volunteers (aged 22 32 years). Single infusions of 5HT (1 ng/kg per min) and acetylcholine (500 ng/kg per min) were administered into the brachial artery in random order. Subsequently, 5HT and acetylcholine were administered together with the selective 5HT3 antagonist ICS 205-930 (700 ng/kg per min). After a pause of at least 1 h the single infusions of 5HT and acetylcholine were repeated. Finally, 5HT and acetylcholine were infused together with atropine (100 ng/kg per min). Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. The heart rate and intra-arterial blood pressure were recorded semi-continuously. 5HT induced an initial transient increase in forearm blood flow (316 +/- 55%, mean +/- s.e.m., P less than 0.05), followed by persistent increase (90 +/- 22%, P less than 0.05). Acetylcholine elicited a monophasic vasodilation (delta forearm blood flow 475 +/ 123%, P less than 0.05). ICS 205-930 attenuated both the initial transient vasodilation and the persistent dilatory response to 5HT (P less than 0.05 for both), but did not significantly influence the vascular response to acetylcholine. Atropine abolished the dilator response to acetylcholine (P less than 0.05), but did not influence the biphasic vasodilation induced by 5HT. These results show that the biphasic vasodilation induced by 5HT was antagonized by ICS 205-930, indicating that this response was mediated by neuronal 5HT3-receptor activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3241219 TI - Growth rate and phospholipase C activity in cardiac and aortic spontaneously hypertensive rat cells. AB - The cellular proliferation rate and phospholipase C sensitivity have been compared in various cardiovascular cells cultured from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Aortic smooth muscle cells from SHR showed an enhanced proliferation rate under the culture conditions (in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum) and hypersensitivity to the mitogenic action of angiotensin II and serotonin. Phospholipase C activity (determined by measuring the formation of tritiated inositol phosphates from [3H]-myoinositol) triggered by angiotensin II was also higher in these cells than in those from WKY. Cardiac fibroblasts from SHR proliferated more quickly than those from WKY, which suggests that the increased growth rate is a general feature of SHR cardiovascular cells. Furthermore, as cardiac cells were obtained from newborn animals, this impairment appears to be an intrinsic characteristic of the SHR cells. In contrast, no difference in the phospholipase C reactivity to phenylephrine was found in cardiomyocytes from SHR and WKY. The amount of tritiated inositol monophosphate measured in unstimulated cells, however, was significantly higher in cultures from WKY, which may suggest a difference in the phosphoinositide cycle between both strains of cells. Like the impairment in the proliferation rate, alterations in phosphoinositide metabolism may be a common feature of cardiovascular SHR cells. PMID- 3241218 TI - Digitalis-like substance is produced in the hypothalamus but not in the adrenal gland in rats. AB - We studied the role of the adrenals on the plasma levels and urinary output of the digoxin-like immunoreactivity in order to elucidate the interrelationship between the adrenals and hypothalamic digoxin-like immunoreactivity. Urine was collected for 24 h 6 days after the bilateral adrenalectomy and then rats were killed by decapitation. Urinary excretion of digoxin-like immunoreactivity did not differ significantly between the sham-operated and adrenalectomized groups, regardless of sodium intake. Plasma levels did not change significantly with sodium-loading, and adrenalectomy did not significantly affect the plasma concentrations of the immunoreactivity. However, bilateral adrenalectomy increased the content of digoxin-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus significantly in both rat groups fed with a regular (P less than 0.05) and a high salt (P less than 0.02) diet. However, when the levels were measured only 16 h after bilateral adrenalectomy, both plasma and hypothalamic contents were significantly higher in the high-salt than the regular-salt group. The correlation between the plasma and hypothalamic content was significant (P less than 0.01). These results strongly suggest that digoxin-like immunoreactivity is produced in the hypothalamus but not in the adrenals, and that the adrenal glands influence the turnover of the hypothalamic endogenous digitalis-like substance. PMID- 3241221 TI - Influence of endogenous opiates on the hypotensive action of taurine in DOCA-salt rats. AB - We studied the role of endogenous opiate activation in the hypotensive action of taurine, a sulphur amino acid, in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Previous work had shown that supplementation with 1% taurine reduced blood pressure when given after DOCA-salt hypertension had been established. In the present study, in conscious rats, intraperitoneal injection of naloxone, an opiate antagonist, increased blood pressure in taurine supplemented DOCA-salt rats, but not in DOCA-salt rats or vehicle-treated control rats. These results suggest that activation of an endogenous opiate might contribute to the hypotensive action of taurine in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. PMID- 3241220 TI - Impaired phospholipase C activity is involved in the hyperreactivity of platelets in primary hypertension. AB - Phospholipase C activity, which influences the control of platelet physiological responses, was investigated in platelets of human essential hypertensives and of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with appropriate normotensive controls, in order to determine whether this enzyme activity could account for the enhanced platelet responses exhibited by hypertensive subjects. After 32P labelling of cells, the enzyme activity was estimated by measuring the variations in 32P-phosphatidic acid. In resting platelets no difference was observed between hypertensives and normotensives. In contrast, the thrombin-induced increase in 32P-phosphatidic acid in platelets of human hypertensives and of SHR was 30% higher than in controls, suggesting hypersensitivity to phospholipase C in hypertensives. Since, as revealed by phorbol-stimulated phosphorylation of 47 kilodalton protein, intrinsic protein kinase C activity is similar in SHR and controls, our data strengthen the hypothesis than hypersensitivity to phospholipase C influences the hyperreactivity of platelets in primary hypertension. PMID- 3241222 TI - Reduced beta-endorphin secretion in young patients with mild essential hypertension at rest and during exercise. AB - Evidence suggests that altered central adrenergic and opioidergic activities are involved in the elevated blood pressure of patients with essential hypertension. In the present study plasma concentrations of the opioid peptide beta-endorphin were significantly lower at rest in young subjects with essential hypertension and high plasma noradrenaline (n = 9) than in normotensive controls (n = 13, P less than 0.05). After bicycle exercise the beta-endorphin of both groups increased comparably, the percentage increase being greater in essential hypertensives than in controls. Treatment with clonidine for 14 days normalized low beta-endorphin, high plasma noradrenaline and high blood pressure in essential hypertensives at rest, but had no effect in controls. After bicycle exercise clonidine induced a threefold greater increase in beta-endorphin in controls than in essential hypertensives. The results point to a reduced endorphinergic activity in essential hypertensives, both at rest and during exercise, which can be normalized by central alpha 2-agonism at rest only. The results may indicate altered interactions between central adrenergic and opioidergic receptor systems, which could contribute to high blood pressure in essential hypertensives. PMID- 3241223 TI - Dopamine and aldosterone in adrenal glomerulosa cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - To investigate the possible significance of dopamine in aldosterone production, the adrenal zona glomerulosa was examined for the presence of dopamine and aldosterone in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) aged 10 weeks. Aldosterone and dopamine were measured in the adrenal capsular portions (mostly zona glomerulosa) by radio-immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Dopamine was found in the adrenal zona glomerulosa, with a significantly higher level in SHR than in WKY, whereas the content of aldosterone was significantly lower in SHR than in WKY. Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship between the content of dopamine and that of aldosterone. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of dopamine on aldosterone production may be mediated within the adrenal zona glomerulosa and that an increased dopamine content in the adrenal zona glomerulosa may contribute to the decreased aldosterone content in SHR. PMID- 3241224 TI - Alterations to the vascular vasodepressor prostaglandin system in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats and their enzymatic analysis. AB - To define the roles of vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) synthase for PGI2 generation in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, we investigated PGI2 synthase, phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C activities in the aortic wall of DOCA-salt prehypertensive and established hypertensive rats. Vascular PGI2 generation in the DOCA-salt hypertensive rats was increased by 91%, and was associated with an 88% increase in PGI2 synthase activity and lowered phospholipase C and A2 activity. In the prehypertensive stage, DOCA-salt rats showed reduced vascular PGI2 generation. Prostacyclin synthase activity was equal to that of controls. These data clearly suggest that DOCA-salt hypertensive rats increase their vascular PGI2 generation when they develop hypertension, and that this may be due to the activation of vascular PGI2 synthase. PMID- 3241226 TI - Detection of low molecular kininogen messenger RNA in human kidney. AB - The purpose of the present study was to confirm expression of kininogen in human kidneys. As the human kininogen gene is alternatively transcribed to high molecular weight and low molecular weight kininogen messenger (m)RNA, we constructed a probe which can discern these two transcripts by the S1 nuclease mapping analysis. The low molecular weight kininogen mRNA was detected in human kidney cortex and medulla. This finding strongly supports the existence of a local kinin-kallikrein system in human kidneys. PMID- 3241225 TI - Kallikrein genes: cloning in man and expression in rat renal hypertension. AB - Genes for the small human glandular kallikrein gene family were isolated. Members of this family include renal/pancreatic kallikrein, prostate-specific antigen and a kallikrein encoded by the first gene that was isolated and completely sequenced, hGK-1. All share strong nucleotide sequence homology, although hGK-1 and the prostate-specific antigen gene are more closely related (86% identity in coding nucleotides). Renal/pancreatic kallikrein has 77% nucleotide homology to prostate-specific antigen, but only 60% amino acid homology. There is strong homology in the 5'-flanking DNA with mouse kallikrein genes, suggesting common regulatory mechanisms. In the rat one-kidney, one clip model of hypertension, renal kallikrein messenger (m)RNA increased during the initial transient rise in plasma renin, and then decreased. PMID- 3241227 TI - A novel troponin T-like protein (calponin) in vascular smooth muscle: interaction with tropomyosin paracrystals. AB - Calponin is a smooth muscle tropomyosin-binding protein which is antigenically related to troponin T. The fine localization of calponin and troponin T on the polar paracrystals of smooth muscle tropomyosin were studied by electron microscopy. Both calponin and troponin T bound to the filamentous tropomyosin at a site about 17 nm away from the C-terminal end of tropomyosin molecule. This calponin-binding site corresponds to the domain which is highly conserved in the amino-acid sequences among the tropomyosin isoforms from skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. The result suggests that calponin, in collaboration with tropomyosin, may play an important role in regulating contractile apparatus. PMID- 3241229 TI - The use of complementary peptides in the purification of an angiotensin II binding protein. AB - We used the molecular recognition hypothesis, that peptide ligands and their receptor binding sites are encoded by complementary nucleotide sequences, to purify an angiotensin II (Ang II) binding protein. The complementary peptide IIA (Lys-Gly-Val-Asp-Val-Tyr-Ala-Val) specified by the RNA sequence complementary to the messenger (m)RNA sequence for rat Ang II was synthesized, purified and used to raise polyclonal antibodies. Complementary peptide IIA specifically inhibited the binding of 125I-Ang II to receptors on rat adrenal membranes, and anti-IIA immunoglobulin G (IgG) specifically inhibited the binding of 125I-Ang II to rat adrenal Ang II receptors and Ang II-dependent aldosterone secretion by cultured rat adrenal cells, suggesting that the antibody recognizes the Ang II receptor. Anti-IIA IgG was used for immuno-affinity purification, from a rat adrenal membrane preparation of an Ang II binding protein with a molecular weight of 66,000 +/- 2000 that bound 125I-Ang II specifically. This is the first report of purification of an Ang II receptor binding protein which retains its capacity to specifically bind 125I-Ang II. PMID- 3241230 TI - Angiotensin II measurement with high-affinity monoclonal antibodies. AB - Selectivity for the carboxy-terminus of angiotensin II (Ang II) and the high affinity of antibodies are prerequisites for clinical assays that evaluate Ang II in the presence of Ang I. A high-affinity monoclonal antibody (Kd = 7.1 X 10(-11) mol/l) was produced and used for the measurement of plasma Ang II. C3H mice were immunized with Ang II coupled by its carboxy-terminus to thyroglobulin. Somatic cell fusion between spleen cells and SP 2/0 myeloma cells, repeated subcloning and re-injection into mice yielded ascites containing sufficient antibody at a 2 X 10(7)-fold dilution. Radioassay standard curves show 50% tracer displacement when 32 fmol unlabelled Ang II is added and 2 fmol Ang II can be detected. Cross reactivities, taking the reactivity with Ang II as 1.00 are: Ang I 0.003, Ang (1 7) 0.00001, Ang III 1.05, Ang(3-8) 0.88 and Ang(4-8) 0.75. Fast extraction of angiotensin from 2 ml plasma by reversible adsorption to phenylsilylsilica (Bondelut PH) provides recoveries of 96-102%. During angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with 25 mg intravenous captopril, plasma immunoreactive Ang II decreased in supine normal volunteers from 8.6 +/- 3.6 to 4.5 +/- 3.4 fmol/ml (P less than 0.01, n = 8). It thus appears that plasma immunoreactive Ang II can now be measured after a simple extraction procedure by using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3241228 TI - Contribution of bradykinin to maintenance of blood pressure and renal blood flow in anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - We used a newly synthesized competitive antagonist of bradykinin (B 4147) to determine whether bradykinin contributes to the maintenance of blood pressure and renal blood flow in anaesthetized Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The injection of B 4147 (50 micrograms, intravenously) caused an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in renal blood flow in both strains. However, the magnitude in the change in blood pressure was significantly lower in SHR than in WKY. The reduction of renal blood flow was greater in WKY than in SHR, but there was no significant difference in the basal renal blood flow. These results indicate that bradykinin contributes to the maintenance of blood pressure and renal blood flow in both strains. However, bradykinin antagonist produced a more prominent systemic effect in WKY than in SHR. This suggests that a deficiency in the bradykinin system in SHR contributes to the development or the maintenance of hypertension. PMID- 3241232 TI - Angiotensin II activates Na+-H+ exchange and stimulates growth in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulated the growth of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner; a small but significant increase being seen at 10(-9) mol/l, whereas 10(-5) mol/l produced a 166% increase compared with control cells. Saralasin blocked the Ang II-mediated increase in cell number. Amiloride sensitive Na+-H+ exchange was characterized (Km = 18 mmol/l, Vmax = 0.27 pH units/30 s) in cell monolayers using the fluorescent probe biscarboxyethylcarboxy fluorescein. Angiotensin II (10(-7) mol/l) produced a small overall net intracellular alkalinization. Raising intracellular pH via Na+-H+ activation might be one of the ways in which Ang II increases cell growth. PMID- 3241231 TI - Direct evidence for the local generation of vascular angiotensin II and its prostaglandin-mediated release from isolated hind legs in the rat. AB - We examined the effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors (indomethacin and meclofenamate) on the release of immunoreactive angiotensins I (irAng I) and II (irAng II) from isolated perfused rat hind-leg vasculature in order to delineate the possible relevance of prostaglandins to the vascular renin-angiotensin system in vitro. Isolated rat hind-legs were perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution and release of irAng I and irAng II into the perfusate was directly measured by using a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge connected to the perfusion system. The spontaneous release of irAng I and irAng II was as high as 600-700 pg per 30 min and was stable for at least 3 h. Addition of indomethacin and meclofenamate (10(-8) to 2 X 10(-6) mol/l) to the perfusion medium suppressed the release of both irAng I and irAng II to a similar extent in a dose-dependent fashion (P less than 0.001); the maximal percentage inhibition of irAng II release that was evoked by these inhibitors (2 X 10(-6) mol) was 60 +/- 6% (P less than 0.001) for indomethacin and 50 +/- 4% (P less than 0.001) for meclofenamate. There was a highly significant positive correlation between the amount of irAng I released and the amount of irAng II that was altered by indomethacin (r = 0.91) or meclofenamate (r = 0.94). These results provide direct proof of the local generation and subsequent release of Ang II by peripheral vascular tissue and suggest that prostaglandin plays an important role in the regulation of vascular Ang II release. PMID- 3241233 TI - Involvement of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in the control of circadian blood pressure rhythm. AB - The circadian blood pressure rhythm was compared between patients with Cushing's syndrome and those with essential hypertension or primary aldosteronism. In patients with essential hypertension or primary aldosteronism, clear nocturnal falls in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the heart rate were observed. In contrast, in patients with Cushing's syndrome there was no nocturnal fall in blood pressure, and even a rise in some cases. In all cases with Cushing's syndrome, there was a nocturnal fall in the heart rate. Exogenous glucocorticoid abolished a nocturnal fall of blood pressure in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, but did not affect nocturnal falls in the heart rate. These results indicate that the normal circadian rhythm of blood pressure may be regulated, at least in part, by the hypothalamopituitary adrenal system. PMID- 3241234 TI - Angiotensin II controls angiotensinogen secretion at a pretranslational level. AB - It has been proposed that feedback by angiotensin II, the effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system stimulates hepatic angiotensinogen synthesis, since long term infusion of this octapeptide in vivo induced an increase in plasma angiotensinogen concentrations. In the present study, the effects of angiotensin II (9 and 90 nmol/l) on angiotensinogen messenger (m)RNA concentrations and on angiotensinogen secretion of freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were compared with those of glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone, 10(-4) mol/l, and dexamethasone, 10(-5) mol/l). Angiotensin II and the glucocorticoids elevated angiotensinogen mRNA concentrations two- to threefold. Angiotensinogen secretion rates were correspondingly increased with a time lag of about 2 h. Differences in the time course of changes in mRNA following onset or decay of the hormonal effect suggest that angiotensin II and glucocorticoids express their effects by different intracellular mechanisms. This view is supported by the observation that angiotensin II but not dexamethasone has a stabilizing effect on angiotensinogen mRNA, when further synthesis was blocked by actinomycin D. PMID- 3241235 TI - Regulation of angiotensinogen production by angiotensin II analogues. AB - Specific binding sites for angiotensin II (Ang II) were identified in a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. Binding of [125I]-Sar1 Ang II to these cells showed a high-affinity site with a Kd of 2.4 +/- 0.2 nmol/l. This specific binding was not changed during the cell cycle and showed no alteration after 24 h of treatment with Sar1-Ang II (10(-8) mol/l). Exposure of HepG2 cells to the Ang II agonist Sar1-Ang II caused a dose-dependent decrease in angiotensinogen production. The maximal inhibitory effect was at a dose of 10(-6) mol/l Sar1-Ang II which elicited 67% inhibition of angiotensinogen production after 24 h (control: 2.015 +/- 0.5 micrograms angiotensinogen/mg DNA; Sar1-Ang II 10(-6) mol/l: 0.68 +/- 0.03 micrograms angiotensinogen/mg DNA). Fifty per cent inhibition was obtained at a dose of 10(-9) mol/l Sar1-Ang II. Angiotensin II had a less marked effect, showing maximal inhibition of 40%. This study shows that the HepG2 cells possess specific Ang II binding sites and that Ang II analogues induce a dose-dependent inhibition of angiotensinogen production in cell culture. PMID- 3241236 TI - Abnormal blood pressure behaviour produced by intracerebral angiotensin during natural sleep. AB - The influence of the intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the pattern of arterial pressure changes during natural sleep was studied in rats. The wakefulness-sleep cycle was observed during a sleep session of approximately 8 h in a group of rats (n = 7) receiving Ang II infusion, whereas the control group (n = 7) received a saline infusion. Angiotensin II infusion increased the time spent by the rats in sleep (75 versus 45% for saline infusion): both synchronized sleep and desynchronized sleep increased (50 versus 35% and 25 versus 10% in rats receiving Ang II and saline, respectively). Therefore, the increase produced by infusion of Ang II in desynchronized sleep was proportionally larger than the increase in synchronized sleep (150 versus 42%). Intracerebroventricular infusion of Ang II increased the arterial pressure during quiet wakefulness [124 +/- 3.0 (s.e.m.) versus 115 +/- 3.0 mmHg]. In 85 episodes of synchronized sleep the mean arterial pressure increased (6.0 +/- 2.0 mmHg), and it decreased in 50 episodes of desynchronized sleep (-12 +/- 2.0 mmHg) in rats treated with Ang II. In control rats the saline infusion produced no change in mean arterial pressure measured in quiet wakefulness (118 +/- 3.0 versus 116 +/- 3.0 mmHg). During 44 episodes of synchronized sleep the arterial pressure remained unaltered (2.0 +/- 1.0 mmHg), and it increased as in normal rats in 30 episodes of desynchronized sleep (5.0 +/- 1.0 mmHg). The data indicate that Ang II alters blood pressure regulation during sleep, a natural behaviour, probably by interfering with the central modulation of the baroreceptor reflexes. PMID- 3241237 TI - Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition induces alterations to hippuran renography despite unchanged ipsilateral renal blood flow in conscious two kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive dogs. AB - We performed experiments in the two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive dog to see whether angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition could improve the sensitivity of hippurate renography in detecting renal artery stenosis. Ten dogs on a sodium-restricted diet were studied before and after induction of a renal artery stenosis. In the absence of renal artery stenosis nine dogs showed normal renograms before ACE inhibition, and one was false positive. During ACE inhibition all 10 renograms were normal. With a renal artery stenosis 50% of the renograms were false negative, whereas a 100% sensitivity was reached during ACE inhibition. The alterations induced by the ACE inhibition on the renograms were not related to changes in renal blood flow. In conclusion, ACE inhibition markedly improved the sensitivity of hippurate renography in the two-kidney, one clip dog. PMID- 3241238 TI - Biology of a novel class of potent long-acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: the acyl lysinamido phosphonates. AB - The acyl lysinamido phosphonates represent a novel class of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Representatives of this class produce 50% inhibition of purified rabbit lung ACE at concentrations less than 8 nmol/l. After intravenous and oral administration to normotensive rats the phosphonates inhibited an angiotensin I pressor response by 50% at doses less than or equal to enalapril (oral studies) or its free acid, MK-422 (intravenous studies); however, the duration of effect was much longer after the phosphonates. In conscious cynomolgus monkeys, representatives of the phosphonate class showed greater inhibition of an angiotensin I pressor response and for a much longer period of time than enalapril, fosinopril and lisinopril. Similarly, in sodium-depleted monkeys the blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril, lisinopril and fosinopril were of short duration compared with those of the phosphonates. It is concluded that the acyl lysinamido phosphonates represent a potent and long acting class of ACE inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3241239 TI - Effect on blood pressure of chemically induced renomedullectomy in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - An antihypertensive function in systemic blood pressure control has been attributed to the renal medulla. In order to examine this hypothesis normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Munster strain (SHR) were chemically renomedullectomized by 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (BEA), injected intraperitoneally in a single dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. Within 5 weeks blood pressure of the BEA-treated normotensive rats and SHR rose by 17.2 +/- 15.2 and 27.7 +/- 21.0 mmHg (mean values +/- s.d; P less than 0.01), respectively, returning to baseline after 2 further weeks. Blood pressure was unchanged in the normotensive rats and SHR controls that were given isotonic saline instead of BEA solution. During maximum blood pressure in BEA-treated animals histological signs of severe renomedullary inflammation with papillary necrosis were demonstrable, while urine flow rates were elevated. Despite these disturbances renal function remained normal. These similar responses make it unlikely that a lack of a renomedullary vasodilator plays a major role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension in the Munster strain. PMID- 3241240 TI - Elevated blood pressure and positive history of kidney stones: results from a population-based study. AB - Mild hypercalciuria has been observed in hypertension, but it is not yet established whether the prevalence of urinary stone disease is increased as well. Data from the cross-sectional phase of the Gubbio Study--a population-based survey on hypertension involving 5376 subjects (84% response rate)--have been analysed to address this issue, defining as hypertensive those subjects with diastolic pressure falling within the fifth quintile for each sex- and age specific category, and/or under regular antihypertensive treatment. The prevalence of a positive history for urinary stone (radiographic and/or surgical evidence, and/or stone excretion) was increased by over 50% (P less than 0.01) in treated and untreated hypertensives. None of the 136 subjects with a positive urinary stone history were hypercalcaemic and none had renal failure. PMID- 3241241 TI - Release of noradrenaline into the cerebrovascular circulation in patients with primary hypertension. AB - The conventional view is that a 'blood-brain barrier' prevents the passage into the bloodstream of noradrenaline released as a transmitter in the brain. When we tested directly for noradrenaline spillover, sampling via high right and left internal jugular venous catheters in 22 untreated patients with primary hypertension, release of noradrenaline into the cerebrovascular circulation was detected. The concentration of noradrenaline was 14.8% (mean 0.29 nmol/l) higher in right jugular venous than arterial plasma, and 29.8% (mean 0.55 nmol/l) higher in left (both P less than 0.02, Student's paired t-test). Asymmetry in the cerebral venous drainage pattern (right jugular typically largely represents cortical flow, left jugular subcortical flow) and flow rate (usually lower on the left) may underlie the higher venoarterial plasma concentration gradient on the left. Cerebral noradrenaline overflow was calculated from the cerebral plasma flow, the venoarterial noradrenaline plasma concentration gradient across the brain and transcerebral extraction of radiolabelled noradrenaline. Mean cerebral noradrenaline spillover was 220 pmol/min, accounting for 9.1% of total noradrenaline release to plasma (determined by isotope dilution). Since the ganglionic blocker arfonad reduced whole-body noradrenaline spillover (principally derived from sympathetic nerves), but not cerebral spillover, the noradrenaline overflow appears to originate from brain neurones and not cerebrovascular sympathetic nerves. Jugular venous noradrenaline measurements may provide a direct 'window' into noradrenergic brain mechanisms in primary hypertension, with bilateral sampling perhaps allowing differentiation of cortical from subcortical neurotransmitter function. PMID- 3241242 TI - Clinical alterations in normotensive offspring with parental hypertension. AB - The influence of a family history of hypertension on body mass index, serum lipids, uric acid, blood sugar and haematocrit was investigated in 579 young normotensives aged 19-35 years with or without a parental history of hypertension. Body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid were significantly higher in offspring with a parental history of hypertension than in those without. There were no differences in blood sugar and haematocrit between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that a parental history of hypertension influenced levels of body mass index, triglycerides and uric acid, independently of the level of blood pressure. PMID- 3241243 TI - Angiotensin II inhibits baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity and the heart rate in patients with essential hypertension. AB - This study examined the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on blood pressure, heart rate and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with essential hypertension and normotensive subjects. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity was measured by a microneurographic method. Graded doses of phenylephrine (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg per min) or Ang II (5, 10 and 20 ng/kg per min) were intravenously infused into supine subjects for 10 min at 30-min intervals. Although the pressor responses to Ang II and phenylephrine were enhanced in the hypertensives compared with the normotensives (both P less than 0.05), the reduction in muscle sympathetic nerve activity during infusion of phenylephrine and Ang II and the reduction in the heart rate during infusion of phenylephrine were significantly smaller in the hypertensives than in the normotensives. The decrease in the heart rate in response to Ang II was not significant in either group. Furthermore, in the two groups, the decreases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity and the heart rate were significantly smaller during infusion of Ang II than during infusion of phenylephrine. These results suggest that angiotensin II impairs the baroreflex function in patients with essential hypertension and in normotensive subjects, and that the blunted response of sympathetic nerve activity and the heart rate observed in the hypertensives may underlie the maintenance of high blood pressure. PMID- 3241244 TI - Baroreflex modulation of central angiotensin II pressor responses in conscious rabbits. AB - We examined the cardiovascular responses to intracisternal administration of angiotensin II (Ang II) in conscious rabbits and determined the effects of removing baroreflex feedback inhibition. Administration of intracisternal bolus doses of Ang II produced short-duration dose-dependent increases in blood pressure (maximum response 30 mmHg) accompanied by bradycardia, with the dose required to produce the half maximal response averaging 5 pg. Dose-response curves to intracisternal Ang II spanned four log(dose) units from the threshold to the maximum doses (1-5 ng). After sino-aortic baroreceptor denervation the threshold for pressor responses was reduced by a factor of 1000, with the ED50 in these animals as low as 5 fg. No bradycardia was observed and the dose-pressor response curves were markedly steeper. The results suggest that in conscious rabbits Ang II receptors, presumably located in the brainstem, respond to minute intracisternal doses of Ang II. Furthermore, this site is normally inhibited by the input from arterial baroreceptors. PMID- 3241245 TI - Interaction of clonidine and rilmenidine with imidazoline-preferring receptors. AB - In the present study the imidazoline radioligand 3H-RX 781094 (idazoxan) was used to characterize the alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in basolateral membranes of rabbit proximal tubule. Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding data showed that 3H-RX 781094 labels 566 +/- 118 fmol/mg protein of binding sites with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.45 +/- 0.14 nmol/l. However, in competition studies, only 25% of the 3H-RX 781094 binding was inhibited by catecholamines and alpha 2-adrenergic compounds; the remaining 75% of specific binding was inhibited only by molecules having an imidazoline or oxazoline ring with the following order of potency: cirazoline greater than tolazoline greater than UK 14 304 greater than rilmenidine greater than clonidine. These data suggest that imidazoline compounds bind to both alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and to a 'non-adrenergic site' which might be defined as an imidazoline-preferring receptor. Based on these results, it is possible to hypothesize that imidazoline and oxazoline drugs, such as clonidine and rilmenidine, exert their hypotensive activity partly through the stimulation of imidazoline receptors. PMID- 3241246 TI - The central hypotensive effect induced by methionin-enkephalin involves a serotonergic pathway. AB - Both endogenous opiate peptides and serotonin are known to be involved in blood pressure control. In this work we present results obtained in anaesthetized normotensive rats in which we studied the possible interaction between the central blood pressure effects induced by methionin (met)-enkephalin and serotonergic pathways. Met-enkephalin administered intracerebroventricularly produced a dose-dependent hypotensive action that was prevented by pretreating the animals with naloxone (opioid antagonist), or with methiothepin (serotonergic S1 and S2 receptor antagonist) or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (a serotonergic neurotoxin). In contrast, ritanserin, a serotonergic S2 receptor antagonist, failed to alter the hypotensive action of met-enkephalin. These data suggest that the central activation of opiate receptors induces a hypotensive action in which a serotonergic pathway is required. In this case the serotonergic receptor involved seems to belong to the S1 subtype. PMID- 3241247 TI - Diminished sympathetic excitation of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons in the conscious mature spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - We undertook a study to determine whether the activation of the nucleus locus coeruleus might be responsible for the sympathetic hyperactivity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Conscious mature SHR showed increased arterial pressure and plasma catecholamines with electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus. However, SHR showed smaller increases in arterial pressure and plasma noradrenaline than Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The spontaneous unit discharge in locus coeruleus neurons responded reciprocally to peripherally induced changes in arterial pressure and blood volume. However, the unit discharge in the SHR locus coeruleus is less responsive than that in WKY. Therefore, the locus coeruleus in mature SHR does not seem to be involved in the hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. However, this may not be the case in young SHR. PMID- 3241248 TI - Genetic transmission of hyper-responsivity in crosses between spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. AB - Cardiovascular and behavioural responses to alerting stimuli (100 ms air puff) are exaggerated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) exhibit bradycardia accompanying a startle-induced pressor response, whereas SHR demonstrate tachycardia. This study was designed to determine whether hyper responsivity to startle is genetically linked to hypertension in SHR. An F1 generation, bred from SHR males and WKY females, demonstrated motor and cardiovascular responsiveness not different from WKY parents. Brother-sister mating of F1-animals produced an F2-generation with widely distributed blood pressures. Segregation of F2 by systolic blood pressure (greater than 180 or less than 180 mmHg) produced a 1:3 distribution. Neither group showed abnormal motor or pressor responses to startle. However, the F2 group with elevated arterial pressure exhibited tachycardia to startle that was similar to SHR grandparents. The heart rate response to acute stress may therefore serve as a more reliable genetic marker for hypertension than either the behavioural or blood pressure response, and apparently shares close genetic linkage with the hypertension. PMID- 3241249 TI - Vasopressin micro-injections into the nucleus tractus solitarii decrease heart rate and blood pressure in anaesthetized rats. AB - Bilateral micro-injections of arginine vasopressin into the nucleus tractus solitarii caused a dose-dependent (1-100 pg) decrease in blood pressure and heart rate in anaesthetized rats. Higher doses (1-20 ng) caused an increase in both parameters. Subcutaneous injection of an antagonist [d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)-arginine vasopressin] failed to block these effects. Micro-injections of the antagonist (0:1-100 pg) into the nucleus tractus solitarii decreased blood pressure and the heart rate similarly to arginine vasopressin. The effect of the antagonist disappeared after about 30 min. At that time administration of arginine vasopressin into the nucleus tractus solitarii was ineffective in inducing changes in blood pressure and the heart rate. When a low-dose (0.1 or 1 pg) antagonist was used the effect of 100 pg arginine vasopressin was partially inhibited. We conclude that administration of arginine vasopressin into the nucleus tractus solitarii is effective at low doses, and may be involved in inhibitory cardiovascular control at the level of nucleus tractus solitarii. PMID- 3241250 TI - Impaired baroreflex changes in muscle sympathetic nerve activity in adolescents who have a family history of essential hypertension. AB - To evaluate the baroreflex changes and basal sympathetic vasomotor tone among three groups of adolescent normotensives or borderline hypertensives with and normotensives without a family history of hypertension, we continuously recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity, arterial pressure and heart interval. Baroreflex slopes were calculated either by plotting the heart interval against the preceding peak systolic arterial pressure, or by relating the percentage changes in muscle sympathetic nerve activity to the mean changes in systolic arterial pressure produced by intravenous phenylephrine. The baroreflex slopes for the heart interval were significantly smaller in borderline hypertensive offspring (14 +/- 2 ms/mmHg) than in control normotensives (23 +/- 2 ms/mmHg) or normotensive offspring (19 +/- 3 ms/mmHg), whereas those for muscle sympathetic nerve activity were significantly smaller both in normotensive offspring (-8.3 +/ 1.0%/mmHg) and borderline hypertensive offspring (-7.9 +/- 0.5%/mmHg) than in control normotensives (-16.3 +/- 1.4%/mmHg). Baseline muscle sympathetic nerve activity was higher in borderline hypertensive offspring (20.1 +/- 3.0 bursts/min) than in control normotensives (10.1 +/- 1.2 bursts/min) or normotensive offspring (12.8 +/- 1.4 bursts/min), and also the depressor responses to trimethaphan were significantly enhanced in borderline hypertensive offspring [-19.2 +/- 2 versus 14 +/- 1 (normotensive offspring) or 12 +/- 2 (control normotensives)]. These results indicate that baroreflex inhibition of muscle sympathetic nerve activity was reduced in adolescents with a family history of hypertension even when they were normotensive. This reduced reflex sympatho-inhibition could lead to the development of hypertension by increasing sympathetic vasomotor tone. PMID- 3241251 TI - Is high and fluctuating muscle nerve sympathetic activity in the sleep apnoea syndrome of pathogenetic importance for the development of hypertension? AB - Muscle nerve sympathetic activity was recorded in six patients with the sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS). Compared with age- and sex-matched control patients, an increased activity during wakefulness was found. Sleep apnoic events were associated with sequencies of progressively increasing sympathetic activity followed by a sudden reduction of activity. The high sympathetic activity associated with SAS may be important in the development of the systemic hypertension commonly seen in these patients. PMID- 3241252 TI - Sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction is augmented by angiotensin II in man. AB - In order to determine whether angiotensin II may influence sympathetically mediated arteriolar constriction in man, we have examined the effect of angiotensin II, infused directly into the left brachial artery of normal subjects, on the reduction in forearm blood flow produced by a lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) of 15 mmHg. Angiotensin II (320 fmol/min) caused no reduction in blood flow when given alone but significantly augmented the reduction in blood flow in response to LBNP. The same dose of angiotensin II did not affect a similar reduction in forearm blood flow produced by infused noradrenaline (12.5-50 ng/min). We conclude that angiotensin II augments sympathetically mediated constriction of resistance vessels in man at concentrations with no direct effect on vessel tone. The lack of an effect of angiotensin II on constriction in response to infused noradrenaline suggests the involvement of a presynaptic mechanism. PMID- 3241253 TI - Genetic and molecular characteristics of thermosensitivity in hypertension. AB - Acute heat exposure is more lethal to spontaneously hypertensive mice (SHM) than to normal mice, whereas chronic heat treatment appears to be more beneficial in SHM, in that it normalizes blood pressure. By genetic breeding experiments, we demonstrated that the gene responsible for thermosensitivity segregates with an increment of blood pressure in the F2-generation and represents a genetic locus of hypertension. The molecular response to heat characterized by the induction of heat stress genes is abnormal in hypertension. There is an earlier accumulation and decline of heat-stress proteins (HSP70) and their messenger (m) RNA following heat exposure in tissues obtained from hypertensive mice. Our results indicate that thermosensitivity is genetically linked with hypertension and characterized by an abnormality in the synthesis of stress proteins as well as in the expression of their mRNA following heat exposure, which implies that a genetic defect is present in response to environmental stress in spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 3241254 TI - Twenty-four hour pressor effect of infused adrenaline in normotensive subjects: a randomized controlled double-blind cross-over study. AB - Stimulation of prejunctional beta 2-adrenoceptors on sympathetic nerve terminals increases vasoconstrictor nerve activity by facilitating release of noradrenaline. Therefore, man's endogenous beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist adrenaline has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. To test this hypothesis, adrenaline (15 mg/kg per min), noradrenaline (30 ng/kg per min) and saline (0.9% NaCl, 5.4 ml/h) were infused in 10 supine, resting healthy volunteers for 6 h (1000-1600 h) in random order 2 weeks apart in a double-blind crossover fashion. During infusion of noradrenaline and adrenaline, venous plasma concentrations rose to 705 +/- 58 (mean +/- s.e.m) and 230 +/- 28 pg/ml, respectively. Mean arterial pressure rose by 4% (P less than 0.001) during noradrenaline and fell by 5% (P less than 0.001) during the adrenaline infusion compared with the saline infusion. In the postinfusion period (1600-0900 h) mean arterial pressure was 7% higher (P less than 0.01) after adrenaline compared with the saline infusion, whereas after the noradrenaline infusion, values of mean arterial pressure were not different from those during the saline infusion. The pressor effect of adrenaline could not be explained by a central mechanism or by activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Thus, 'stress levels' of adrenaline mediate a delayed and protracted pressor effect. This is most likely due to stimulation of prejunctional beta 2-adrenoceptors, since 'stress levels' of noradrenaline are devoid of such activity. Our data support the 'adrenaline-hypertension' hypothesis in man. PMID- 3241255 TI - Protein kinase C-dependent and calmodulin-dependent regulation of neurotransmitter release and vascular responsiveness in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - This study was designed to investigate the role of protein kinase C and calmodulin in adrenergic transmission in hypertension. In isolated mesenteric vasculature prepared from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Okamoto and Aoki strain) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), we examined the effects of protein kinase C inhibitor (H-7) and calmodulin antagonist (W-7) on pressor responses and noradrenaline release from the vascular adrenergic neurons. Endogenous noradrenaline release and vasoconstrictor responses evoked by periarterial nerve stimulation were significantly enhanced in SHR compared to those in age-matched WKY. Protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 and the calmodulin antagonist W-7 inhibited the stimulation-evoked noradrenaline release and pressor responses, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Further, these inhibitory effects of H-7 and W-7 were greater in SHR than in WKY. These results demonstrate that noradrenaline release and vascular responsiveness are increased in the mesenteric vasculatures of SHR. The marked reduction in noradrenaline release and pressor responses induced by H-7 and W-7 in SHR suggests the presence of enhanced protein kinase C-dependent and calmodulin-dependent regulation of adrenergic neurotransmission, which may contribute to the calcium abnormalities in this model of hypertension. PMID- 3241256 TI - Sympathetic and parasympathetic influence on blood pressure and heart rate variability in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The relative influence of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous control of heart rate and heart rate variability, of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and MAP variability was investigated in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). An on-line computerized system was used for continuous intra-arterial measurements of MAP and heart rate every 2.5 min in freely moving rats with indwelling arterial catheters. Variability was expressed as the standard deviation in each rat. Heart rate and MAP showed clear diurnal rhythms, both in WKY and SHR. Blood pressure variability was clearly higher in SHR than in WKY, both during dark active hours and during light hours of relative sleep, and it did not change in response to either beta-adrenoceptor or vagal blockade. Structural vascular changes with the consequent increase in vascular reactivity may be one explanation for the elevated blood pressure variability in SHR. Heart rate variability was clearly reduced in SHR compared with WKY. This may be due to a reduced tonic vagal discharge in SHR, whereby a vagally mediated tachycardia is eliminated. The vagal withdrawal is part of the defence reaction, which is more easily elicited in SHR than in WKY. PMID- 3241257 TI - Hyper-responsiveness to low-dose epinephrine infusion in mild essential hypertension. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of intravenous infusion of small amounts of epinephrine on haemodynamics, renal electrolyte excretion and blood platelets in essential hypertension. Arterial plasma epinephrine concentrations were increased during the infusion to approximately 2.5 nmol/l both in a group of 40-year-old men with untreated mild essential hypertension (blood pressure 154 +/- 3/100 +/- 3 mmHg, n = 12) and in a group of age-matched male controls (124 +/- 3/78 +/- 2 mmHg, n = 11). In the hypertensive group only, mean blood pressure decreased, forearm blood flow increased, forearm vascular resistance decreased (P less than 0.001 for all) and the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium increased (P less than 0.01 for both). The hypertensive group also responded with an increase in plasma beta-thromboglobulin (P less than 0.05), blood platelet size (P less than 0.05) and a higher increase in platelet counts than in the normotensive group (P less than 0.05). Thus, in several ways the hypertensive patients showed a hyper-responsiveness to amounts of epinephrine which corresponds well to the plasma concentration achieved during psychological and physical activity. PMID- 3241258 TI - Urinary cations and blood pressure: a collaborative study of 16 districts in China. AB - Relationships between blood pressure and overnight urinary sodium, potassium and calcium were investigated in 3248 subjects from 16 districts in China. Average systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures of subjects from northern, middle and southern China were 116/74.2, 114/70.5 and 110.8/69.6 mmHg, respectively. Urinary sodium, potassium and calcium were 55.1, 8.3 and 1.1 mmol/l for the north, 63.6, 9.2 and 1.6 mmol/l for the middle and 50.0, 8.9 and 1.5 mmol/l for the south, respectively. The urinary sodium to potassium ratio was significantly and positively correlated with SBP and DBP in both males and females. Urinary sodium was weakly and positively correlated with SBP only in the north. Females over the age of 50 years were especially sensitive to sodium intake. Urinary calcium was negatively correlated with DBP in both males and females. Urinary calcium (creatinine) was negatively correlated with SBP in males, and with SBP and DBP in the south. Urinary potassium was negatively correlated with SBP and DBP only in the 20-29 year age group. Urinary potassium (creatinine) was negatively correlated with DBP only in the south. Age and body mass index were positively and level of education negatively correlated with blood pressure. Dietary factors for higher blood pressure in northern China were related to higher sodium, lower potassium and possibly lower calcium intake. PMID- 3241259 TI - Effect of potassium supplementation combined with dietary sodium reduction on blood pressure in men taking antihypertensive medication. AB - It has long been suspected that sodium and potassium intake influence blood pressure. Since both these electrolytes can be modified by diet, attention has focused on decreasing sodium intake and increasing potassium intake as a potential way of treating and preventing hypertension. Several short-term controlled clinical trials have examined the effect of supplemental potassium intake on blood pressure, but with inconsistent results. The Minnesota Mount Sinai Hypertension Trial (MSHT) is a double-blind study comparing placebo with potassium supplementation for controlling blood pressure in hypertensive men on a sodium-restricted diet over a 2-3 year follow-up period. At the time of randomization to placebo or supplemental potassium and through 12 weeks of follow up, the patients were taking antihypertensive medication. This preliminary report compares blood pressure changes between the placebo and supplemental potassium groups over the first 12 weeks of the trial. PMID- 3241260 TI - Change in blood pressure in offspring of parents with high or low blood pressure: the Dutch Hypertension and Offspring Study. AB - A family history of hypertension is an important predictor of high blood pressure. We investigated the question of whether this predisposition affects the level and change of blood pressure early in life, and in particular, at what age the familial aggregation of blood pressure occurs. Blood pressure and related characteristics were studied in children whose parents both had relatively high blood pressure ('high') and the results were compared with those from children whose parents both had a relatively low blood pressure ('low') and with children with one parent high and the other parent low ('mixed'). At the age of 8 years there were no clear differences in pressure but at the age of 20 years there was a difference of 7 mmHg for both systolic and diastolic pressure between the high- and low-risk offspring. These findings suggest that the magnitude of familial aggregation of blood pressure increases during childhood and adolescence. PMID- 3241261 TI - Normotensive middle-aged men after 5-10 years: normal blood pressure or hypertension? AB - We evaluated the incidence of hypertension over 5-10 years of follow-up in middle aged men, 40-59 years at entry, selected from the Italian section of the Seven Countries Study. Out of the 2480 subjects, 852 were normotensive at entry [systolic blood pressure (SBP) less than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than 90 mmHg)], alive after 10 years and had been evaluated repeatedly after 5 and 10 years. After 5 years, 31.3% had developed borderline hypertension (140 less than or equal to SBP less than 160 and 90 less than or equal to DBP less than or equal to 95 mmHg) and 14.6% had developed definite hypertension (SBP greater than or equal to 160 mmHg or DBP greater than or equal to 95 mmHg). During the next 5 years, out of the 267 borderline hypertensives, 28.5% became definite hypertensives, while 29.6% reverted to normal blood pressure. Out of the 124 definite hypertensives, 46% remained in this category, while 34.7% became borderline hypertensives and 19.4% became normotensive. In men aged 60-69 years, less than 2% of hypertensives were being effectively treated and changes in body weight were closely related to blood pressure. In addition, out of 461 normotensive subjects who remained normotensive at the 5-year examination, 63.6% remained normotensive in the next 5 years also, while 28% developed borderline hypertension and only 8.4% moved into the definite hypertensive class. These data suggest that a normotensive subject aged 40-59 years has a 34.4% probability of remaining normotensive in the next 10 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3241262 TI - Lifestyle- and occupation-related changes in blood pressure over a six-year period in a cohort of working men. AB - Determinants of change in blood pressure between two examinations separated by a 6-year period were investigated in 340 working men aged 20-45 at first examination and not on antihypertensive medication at either examination. A London School of Hygiene sphygmomanometer was used for all measurements of blood pressure. Relationships between change in blood pressure (residuals of follow-up blood pressure regressed on baseline blood pressure) and changes in weight, physical activity, cigarette smoking, diet, alcohol intake and a range of psychological characteristics were examined using multiple regression. Systolic and diastolic changes in blood pressure were both positively related to baseline age and weight. Regression equations indicated independent effects of change in weight, with similar increases of 0.5 (s.e. 0.1) mmHg in systolic and diastolic blood pressure for each kg of weight gain. Decreased coffee consumption and increased participation in sports were negatively associated with systolic changes in blood pressure. Men who had stopped smoking cigarettes were observed to have higher than average increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, although these relationships were not independent of other variables. The difference in ambient temperature between baseline and follow-up measurement days was an important determinant of change. Changes in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure in 76 manual workers (+10.1/+6.4 mmHg) compared unfavourably with changes in professional men (-2.8/+2.7 mmHg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3241263 TI - Hypertension and social factors in a developing country. AB - A coronary heart disease prevention study, implemented in and near Havana (Cuba), evaluated the correlation of social factors with major cardiovascular risk factors, including elevations in blood pressure, in order to improve treatment strategies and compliance. The protocol consisted of questionnaires, standardized measurements of blood pressure and cholesterol determination at a central laboratory. The assessment of social aspects was carried out as previously described in comparable preventive studies in the German Democratic Republic. Around 1200 people aged 30-50 years had been screened by home visits. Correlations were found between blood pressure elevation (as well as smoking and hypercholesterolaemia, at least in part) and education, but in the opposite direction compared with experience in the United States and Europe. The prevalence of hypertension (and mean blood pressure) was higher in qualified than unqualified people (especially in younger males). Sex was a more important factor than age. No conclusion can be drawn from the variations between urban and rural subjects because the observations were not complete. PMID- 3241264 TI - Difference in the nocturnal behaviour of blood pressure between monitorings with the arm-cuff method and with the finger-volume oscillometric method. AB - The nocturnal behaviour of blood pressure obtained by a new portable device for monitoring ambulatory blood pressure (ABPM 630) was compared with that obtained by a finger-volume oscillometric device (BP-100); the former uses a conventional arm-cuff inflated by CO2 gas to eliminate the noise of the motorized pump, and is based on a cuff-oscillometric as well as the Korotkoff sound technique (microphone method). With the microphone method in ABPM 630, the mean differences from the conventional auscultatory method were -0.28 +/- 6.15 mmHg (mean +/- s.d.) for systolic and 0.96 +/- 6.28 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure, and there was a highly significant correlation between blood pressure values measured by the ABPM 630 and by the auscultatory method. In 40 patients with mild to moderate hypertension 24-h blood pressure was monitored simultaneously with the ABPM 630 and BP-100. The daytime average of systolic blood pressure measured with the ABPM 630 was similar to that measured with the BP-100, whereas the night-time average assessed by the former was significantly higher than that assessed by the latter. Arm-cuff inflation by ABPM 630 caused some degree of sleep disturbance in 35 of 40 subjects, whereas finger-cuff inflation scarcely disturbed the sleep. The performance of the ABPM 630 was excellent. PMID- 3241265 TI - Pulse rate and twenty-four hour urinary sodium content interact to determine blood pressure levels of male London civil servants. AB - Blood pressures, pulse rates and 24-h urinary electrolyte content were measured in 371 male and 125 female randomly selected civil servants. The male and female subjects were divided into nine subgroups each, by tertiles of sodium (Na) excretion and tertiles of pulse rate. Those in the subgroup with highest values for both variables had the highest mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (adjusted to age 50 years and a body mass index of 25 kg/m2) among the male and female groups, and those in the subgroup with lowest values for both variables had the lowest systolic pressure among the male and female groups and the lowest diastolic pressure of the female groups. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly related to an interaction term between urinary Na excretion and pulse rate among males (P less than 0.02, P less than 0.03 respectively). These data support the hypothesis that psychological stress (assessed by pulse) and dietary sodium (assessed by sodium excretion) may interact to determine levels of blood pressure. PMID- 3241266 TI - Importance of body weight in determining rise and level of blood pressure in postmenopausal women. AB - Blood pressure in women rises after menopause. In the same period of their lives many women gain weight. Both menopause and increases in body weight may influence blood pressure elevation. To study the association between changes in body weight, age at menopause and duration of menopause, and blood pressure, a prospective follow-up study was conducted in 1167 Dutch women initially aged 45 64 years. After an average follow-up period of 8.9 years 855 women, of 1009 alive at that time, were re-examined (85%). This study indicated that age at menopause and number of postmenopausal years are not directly related to blood pressure rise in middle-aged and elderly women. However, an increase in the body mass index is an important and potentially preventable determinant of increased blood pressure and incidence of hypertension in women of this age group. PMID- 3241267 TI - Alcohol consumption, age and personality characteristics as important determinants of within-subject variability in blood pressure. AB - Intra-individual variability in blood pressure is well recognized but its determinants have been largely unexplored. In a recent cross-sectional study, 343 subjects from a male working population were assessed. Ten supine blood pressure readings were taken at 2-min intervals for 20 min on each of three consecutive days. Each subject's body mass index (weight/height2) was recorded and a questionnaire completed to record demographic details and information about physical activity, personality characteristics, dietary habits, tea and coffee consumption, smoking habits and alcohol consumption. When systolic and diastolic blood pressure variability was defined as the average coefficient of variation of the 10 readings each day, systolic blood pressure variability was found to be positively correlated with alcohol consumption, verbal aggression score and extroversion score. Diastolic variability was positively correlated with verbal aggression score, type-A personality score and extroversion score, and negatively associated with age. Stepwise regression analysis revealed alcohol consumption to be the strongest determinant of systolic variability while age was the strongest determinant of diastolic variability. We conclude that alcohol consumption, age and personality characteristics may be important determinants of intra-subject variability in blood pressure. PMID- 3241268 TI - Caffeine-containing beverages and the prevalence of hypertension. AB - Caffeine can produce a mild hypertensive effect for a few hours after use. Some epidemiological data relate chronic coffee intake to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We explored the possibility that a regular intake of caffeine-containing beverages (tea, coffee, cola) might produce a chronic increase in blood pressure and increase the likelihood of developing sustained hypertension. A random population survey of 2436 adults was made, with standardized blood pressure readings and a food-frequency questionnaire to determine the regular intake of various nutrients. We found evidence that caffeine intake was positively related to an increased diastolic blood pressure but the effect was small (less than 1 mmHg at usual caffeine intake). There was no evidence that a regular caffeine intake increases the risk of being classified as hypertensive. PMID- 3241269 TI - Further ethnic differences in the renal sodium-dopamine relationship: its uncoupling in Iranian but not in Thai normotensive subjects. AB - Dopamine is a natriuretic hormone and is synthesized in the kidney in response to a sodium load. This relationship results in a positive correlation between urinary sodium and dopamine outputs. Uncoupling of the renal sodium-dopamine relationship is reflected in a loss of this correlation and will result in the sluggish excretion of a sodium load. We measured 24-h urinary sodium and dopamine outputs in Thais and Iranians, who traditionally have very different dietary salt environments (salt-rich and salt-scarce, respectively). There was a highly significant positive correlation between sodium and dopamine in the Thais (r = 0.53, P less than 0.001) but no suggestion of such a correlation in the Iranians (r = 0.03). We hypothesize that in some races the uncoupling of the renal sodium dopamine relationship, possibly as a mechanism to help conserve dietary sodium, predisposes the race to the development of hypertension when the individuals encounter a salt-rich diet. PMID- 3241270 TI - Blood pressure does not predict mortality in the elderly. AB - The purpose of our study was to estimate the extent to which casual blood pressure measurements can predict mortality in elderly people in a defined population. A random sample of subjects born between 1890 and 1914 was extracted and their medical records were studied. Their earliest blood pressure record was chosen, provided the patient was at least 60 years old at the time of measurement. The population consisted of 961 patients (49.8% women), 560 of whom died between 1968 and 1987. Their mean age was 70.1 years and the total number of person-years involved was 8625. The mortality risk was estimated as a function of sex, present age, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, by a version of the Cox regression model. On the basis of close confidence intervals we conclude that blood pressure in the elderly is a very weak predictor of mortality. PMID- 3241271 TI - Symptoms in hypertensive patients: the effect of treatment withdrawal. AB - We have evaluated the effect of withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs on the frequency of symptoms over a 2-week period in 11,710 hypertensive patients. Previously untreated patients complained most frequently of headache, dizziness and chest pain, whereas most other symptoms occurred more often in previously treated patients. With the exception of headache, which rose in frequency, most symptoms showed a significant reduction following therapy withdrawal. The burden of symptoms reported by treated hypertensive patients is probably the result of a combination of their disease, drug-related adverse effects and inappropriate use of drugs in certain patient groups. PMID- 3241273 TI - Eight-year survival study of treated hypertension at the Dunedin Hypertension Clinic 1953-1977. AB - The 8-year follow-up data of consecutive 5-year cohorts of hypertensive patients starting treatment at the Dunedin Hypertension Clinic between 1953 and 1977 have been analysed. There were 975 men and 1348 women. Since 1953 treatment has been initiated in progressively milder forms of hypertension, and blood pressure has been controlled at progressively lower levels. The mean age at presentation for both men and women was 51 years. The mean age at death and the cause of death did not differ significantly among the cohorts, but the percentage incidence of events (including death) over the 8-year follow-up decreased significantly (P less than 0.0001) from 76% for males and 57% for females in the 1953-1957 cohort, to 33% for males and 25% for females in the 1973-1977 cohort. Survival was poorest in the earlier cohorts, especially the 1953-1957 cohort. The 8-year relative survival of treated hypertensives compared with the general population of New Zealand improved over time and was about 0.9 for the 1973-1977 cohort, a little less for males and a little more for females. PMID- 3241272 TI - What types of hypertensives respond better to mild exercise therapy? AB - Twenty-one patients with essential hypertension were treated with aerobic (lactate threshold) exercise (n = 21) and the change in blood pressure was compared with that in a non-exercising hypertensive control group (n = 10). After 10 weeks of exercise therapy blood pressure in the exercise group was significantly reduced, from 154 +/- 3/100 +/- 2 to 141 +/- 3/93 +/- 3 mmHg, and there was a significant reduction in plasma volume, cardiac index and plasma noradrenaline whereas there were no changes in the non-exercise group. Responders (10 mmHg or more fall in mean blood pressure) in the exercise group had a significantly higher cardiac index, serum Na:K ratio and lower total peripheral resistance in pretraining studies than non-responders. In conclusion, exercise at lactate threshold is effective in lowering blood pressure in those mild hypertensives with higher cardiac index and serum Na:K ratio. PMID- 3241274 TI - The effect of a rechallenge with CaCO3 in patients who have been classified as responders to an initial challenge. AB - In a previous study 25 of 95 patients were identified as possibly having a fall in blood pressure with CaCO3 supplementation. After a 3-month period off calcium and on their usual diet, 12 of these were randomly assigned to receive placebo or CaCO3. Four crossed over to the alternate therapy after 2 months on the first agent. The change in blood pressure with placebo was 0.3 +/- 4.3/2.9 +/- 2.7 mmHg and the change in blood pressure with CaCO3 at 20 mmol/day was 1.3 +/- 4.8/-0.3 +/- 4.2 mmHg. These changes were not different from each other or from zero, and contrasted with the fall of 16.5 +/- 2.3/7.8 +/- 2.7 mmHg in the initial study. This study indicates that apparent individual falls in blood pressure with calcium supplementation need to be verified by rechallenge before such patients can be classified as responders. The absence of a predictable response, if applied to other studies, casts doubt on the conclusions made. Calcium supplementation cannot be recommended as a method of reducing blood pressure in people with mild hypertension. PMID- 3241276 TI - Role of calcium in the vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II. AB - The role of calcium in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vasoconstriction was investigated, using two models, the pithed rat and rat isolated aortic strips. In the pithed rat the increase in diastolic blood pressure elicited by Ang II consisted of an interaction with the sympathetic nervous system involving presynaptically released noradrenaline and of a direct stimulation of postsynaptic Ang II-receptors on vascular smooth muscle. This latter effect proved to be only partially dependent upon the influx of extracellular calcium ions. In rat isolated aortic strips Ang II-induced contractions did not contain an adrenergic component, and almost complete suppression of the response to Ang II could be observed after calcium entry blockade and also in a calcium-'free' medium. The difference in sensitivity to calcium antagonists in vivo and in vitro may be explained by the type of blood vessels involved. PMID- 3241275 TI - Long-term reproducibility and evaluation of seasonal influences on blood pressure monitoring. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term reproducibility and the possible seasonal influences on casual blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with borderline or mild arterial hypertension. Two sets of measurements were performed at 6-month intervals, one set in the warm and one in the cold season, using the same protocol, consisting of measurements of casual and ambulatory blood pressures, together with the recording of outdoor temperatures. Casual blood pressure was measured by an automatic recorder and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed by a non-invasive device. For the selected intervals, the reproducibility of most pressure measurements was low; in addition, casual diastolic pressure and 24-h systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly higher in the cold than in the warm season. Taken together, these findings confirm and extend the results obtained in several large scale studies and support the importance of taking environmental temperature into account, not only in epidemiological studies but also in small-scale studies and probably even in the individual patients, especially when using integrated evaluations by ambulatory monitoring. PMID- 3241277 TI - Low-density lipoprotein enhances platelet activation in parallel with the height of blood pressure. AB - The platelet-activating effect of low-density lipoprotein, ADP and collagen was investigated in 45 essential hypertensive patients (27 men, 18 women) and 45 healthy normotensive subjects strictly matched for age and sex. No differences in mean values were found between essential hypertensive and normotensive subjects. However, in essential hypertensive patients platelet sensitivity to low-density lipoprotein correlated positively whereas ADP and collagen correlated negatively with blood pressure (P less than 0.05). Diminished platelet sensitivity to ADP and collagen may reflect receptor desensitization. The pressure-dependent increase in platelet response to low-density lipoprotein possibly contributes to enhanced thrombo-embolic complications and platelet-mediated vasoconstriction as well as to low-density lipoprotein-related vascular damage in essential hypertension. PMID- 3241278 TI - Interaction of slow-channel calcium blocking drugs with sodium restriction, diuretics and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. AB - The interactions of nifedipine with sodium restriction, diuretics and enalapril were studied using a 2 x 2 factorial design. Nifedipine lowered blood pressure to a greater extent than sodium restriction or hydrochlorothiazide. With both of these therapies there was a negative interactive term, which indicated that their combination had no greater effect than the use of nifedipine alone. Enalapril and nifedipine lowered blood pressure by 10 +/- 2/8 +/- 1 and 11 +/- 3/8 +/- 1 mmHg, respectively. The combination lowered blood pressure by 32 +/- 3/24 +/- 2 mmHg. The reasons for these negative and positive interactions are not clear, but may relate to interactions that regulate the availability of calcium for initiation of contraction in smooth muscle cells of the arterioles. PMID- 3241279 TI - Twenty-four hour ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure in normotensive and borderline hypertensive subjects. AB - A number of studies have shown that blood pressure values obtained by ambulatory monitoring are lower than those obtained in the doctor's office by cuff readings. However, there is still no suitable information on 'normal' 24-h ambulatory blood pressure values. In 19 normotensive and 13 borderline hypertensive subjects, defined by repeated office blood pressure measurements, we recorded intra arterial blood pressure under ambulatory conditions for 24 h (Oxford method) in order (1) to assess the 24-h blood pressure values of normal subjects, and (2) to compare their 24-h blood pressure values with those of borderline hypertensive patients. In the normotensive subjects systolic, diastolic and mean ambulatory blood pressure values over 24 h were significantly lower than the corresponding office values, the differences being -15.0, -22.1 and -17.9 mmHg, respectively. In the borderline hypertensives 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was significantly lower than office readings. On average, the 24-h mean blood pressure of normotensive subjects was significantly lower than that of borderline patients (P less than 0.01). However, individual 24-h blood pressure values showed a considerable overlap. Thus, (1) ambulatory blood pressure values just below 140/90 mmHg do not necessarily mean that the blood pressure is in the normal range, the mean 24-h blood pressure of true normotensive subjects being much lower; (2) ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with high office blood pressure readings may help to identify subjects whose 24-h mean values are indistinguishable from those of normotensives. However, the clinical relevance of these findings in the diagnosis of hypertension has to be validated by prospective clinical trials. PMID- 3241280 TI - Effect of verapamil and sodium nitroprusside on hindlimb vascular resistance in New Zealand genetically hypertensive and Japanese spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Verapamil, a calcium-entry blocker, and sodium nitroprusside, a non-specific vasodilator, were infused into the blood-perfused hindlimbs of New Zealand genetically hypertensive rats (NZGH) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), two genetic models of hypertension, and their normotensive controls, New Zealand normotensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Vasodilator responses, measured as the falls in perfusion pressure from the initial values, were similar and increased in NZGH and SHR. The responses were strongly dependent on the initial level of perfusion pressure in each strain of rat. It is concluded that increased vascular resistance, rather than a qualitative difference in vasodilator mechanisms, accounts for the enhanced responses to verapamil and sodium nitroprusside in NZGH and SHR hindlimbs. PMID- 3241281 TI - Reversed circadian rhythm of blood pressure in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The diurnal rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) when they were 5-6 weeks old (young), 17-20 weeks old (adult) and 30-32 weeks old (old). Blood pressure was recorded continuously for 24 h in conscious, unrestrained rats. Hourly averages of blood pressure and heart rate were calculated by an on-line computer. The circadian variation of blood pressure and heart rate remained unchanged regardless of age in WKY, but the difference in blood pressure between the daytime average and the night-time average decreased as they grew older. A well-defined circadian variation of blood pressure and heart rate was observed in young rats of both strains, i.e. a nocturnal rise in blood pressure and heart rate. An inverted circadian variation of blood pressure, a nocturnal fall in blood pressure, was observed in adult and old SHR, whereas the ordinary circadian variation of the heart rate remained unchanged. A significant positive correlation was observed between the hourly averages of blood pressure and heart rate in WKY in all the age groups (r = 0.9, P less than 0.001 in each age group) and a weak positive correlation was observed in young SHR (r = 0.6, P less than 0.05, 5-6 weeks old). This positive correlation disappeared in adult and old SHR and, instead, a negative correlation was observed (r = -0.5, P less than 0.02 for 17-20-week-old rats: r = -0.8, P less than 0.001 for 30-32-week-old rats).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3241282 TI - Blood pressure regulation after deprivation of rapid-eye-movement sleep in rats. AB - We have shown previously that both sino-aortic denervation and high-renin hypertension in the rat produce a pronounced alteration in the pattern of blood pressure change during sleep; namely from unchanged to an increase in pressure during synchronized sleep, and from a slight increase to a marked decrease during desynchronized sleep. Since rapid-eye-movement sleep deprivation alters the pattern of sleep, we investigated the pattern of arterial pressure changes during sleep in rats submitted to a 48-h period of rapid-eye-movement sleep deprivation (platform technique). The deprived rats showed an increase in the number and length of desynchronized sleep episodes. Unexpectedly, they showed a blood pressure pattern change during synchronized and desynchronized sleep similar to that previously observed in sino-aortic denervated rats and in rats with high renin hypertension: an increase in arterial pressure during synchronized sleep (+3.16 +/- 0.4 versus +0.65 +/- 0.65 mmHg in controls) and a decrease during desynchronized sleep (-6.24 +/- 0.5 versus +4.22 +/- 0.4 mmHg). These data suggest that deprivation of rapid-eye-movement sleep impairs the baroreceptor reflex function during sleep in rats. PMID- 3241283 TI - Inflating one's own cuff does not increase self-recorded blood pressure. AB - To determine whether the muscular activity required to inflate a blood pressure cuff for self-recording influences the blood pressure at the instant of the subsequent measurement, finger blood pressure was recorded continuously during cuff inflation. Ten normotensive and seven untreated hypertensive subjects used their dominant hands to inflate, in 5 s, an occluding cuff on the same arm up to 200 mmHg. Blood pressure in the middle finger of the other arm was measured continuously by the Finapres device. Korotkoff sounds were determined by a microphone in the arm cuff, and the speed of deflation was kept constant by the investigator at 2-3 mmHg/s. Systolic pressure rose at the onset of inflation, with an average peak of 13 +/- 6 (s.d.) and 12 +/- 8 mmHg above baseline in the normotensive and hypertensive subjects, respectively. Five seconds after the onset of deflation both systolic and diastolic pressures in both groups had returned to baseline levels. Thus, self-inflation of a blood pressure cuff allows a valid measurement of blood pressure provided the recommended guidelines are strictly followed. PMID- 3241284 TI - Blood pressure level changes caused by posture change and physical exercise: can they be determined accurately using a standard cuff method? AB - The accuracy of the indirect standard cuff method of measurement was tested against intra-arterial blood pressure readings (Oxford method) in a series of simple clinical tests: in the sitting, supine and standing positions, during bicycle ergometer test and during recovery. The mean discrepancy between methods varied in tests from -2.3 to 12.9 mmHg for systolic blood pressure level and from -4.3 to 18.2 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure level. Blood pressure responses to other tests were analysed using the value measured in the sitting position as the reference. The mean discrepancy between the methods in test responses varied from -6.3 to 8.9 mmHg for systolic responses and from -2.3 to 20.3 mmHg for diastolic responses. The data analysis indicates that the accuracy of the indirect method varies considerably between tests and also between subjects. We conclude that at present the standard cuff method cannot replace the direct method for determining blood pressure responses and reactivity. PMID- 3241285 TI - Blood pressure changes during physical exercise (the beat phenomenon). AB - We have previously reported that blood pressure during running shows a peculiar pattern attributable to the beat phenomenon. To elucidate the mechanism behind this phenomenon in 10 amateur athletes, intra-arterial blood pressure was continuously recorded using the Oxford technique. During the run, each athlete carried on his chest a container filled with saline kept under pressure, connected to a second transducer. In the container, pressure waves ranging in amplitude from +/- 10 to +/- 62 mmHg were recorded. Their frequency was equal to that of the athletes' strides. When these waves were added by computer to the blood pressure tracing recorded during a bicycle ergometric test, the resultant harmonic proved to be similar to the tracing observed during running. The present results demonstrate that the running-induced blood pressure pattern is the sum of the accessory wave generated by the rhythmic aortic shocks produced by running locomotion and the normal sphygmic wave. PMID- 3241286 TI - Neuropsychological deficits in right hemisphere stroke patients. I: Methods and results from factor analysis. PMID- 3241287 TI - Neuropsychological deficits in right hemisphere stroke patients. II: Relationships to intra-hemispheric lesion location. PMID- 3241288 TI - Sub partu monitoring of the fetus by cardiotocography and fetal blood analysis. AB - A retrospective study to determine how well cardiotocogram (CTG) and micro blood analysis (FBA) results correspond to each other was made on 200 deliveries which had been monitored sub partu by these techniques. FBA was performed 306 times. CTG results were analysed according to Hammacher's method and the scores compared with the FBA results. In 40 cases with a normal Hammacher score, a normal FBA-pH value, as expected, was also found. In a total of 266 observations with a CTG score greater than two, there were simultaneously 10 times (scarcely 4%) found when there was a FBA value under 7.20. Of the 200 infants involved, 25 had a cord arterial pH value under 7.20. Ten minutes after birth, all of these infants were doing fine, with an Apgar score of at least seven. Statistically, sub partu CTG analysis according to Hammacher's method is highly sensitive, yet not very specific, when compared to the corresponding FBA-pH value. PMID- 3241289 TI - Induction of bilirubin-eliminating processes by methylphenobarbital in mature newborn babies. AB - In order to find a drug for the prevention of metabolic hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn, which has less sedative effects than phenobarbital (PB) the effect of methylphenobarbital (MPB) on the plasma bilirubin concentration of newborns was studied in a double blind trial. MPB (3 x 10 mg/kg on the first day) reduced the plasma bilirubin level in mature newborns on day four by 33% in comparison to those on placebo. The results justify further investigations in premature babies, who frequently suffer from disturbances which may facilitate the development of bilirubin encephalopathy. PMID- 3241290 TI - Occurrence, predictive factors and associated morbidity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a preterm birth cohort. AB - The occurrence, predictive factors and associated morbidity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was examined in a preterm birth cohort of 712 children, born before 37 weeks of gestation to residents of a geographically defined area between 1978-82. All cases of BPD (N = 16) were born at or before 32 weeks of gestation. The incidence of BPD, based on status at the age of 28 days, was 1 per 1000 live births, but 135 per 1000 live preterms born at or before 32 weeks. Most cases of BPD developed following respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), only one case developing after minimal respiratory symptoms was observed. BPD infants had higher neonatal morbidity, even when compared with preterms of equal gestational maturity, but only a few variables had predictive value with respect to the future development of BPD. Radiologic grading of RDS and associated early cardiologic signs did not increase their predictivity regarding the subsequent development of BPD. Two (12.5%) of the 16 BPD infants died postneonatally. The unfavorable effects of BPD on the health status of preterm infants extended far beyond the neonatal period. The BPD group, which consisted only of 18% of neonatal survivors born at less than or equal to 32 weeks, consumed 53% of all hospital days used by these preterms during the first two years of life. In particular, BPD survivors had markedly more respiratory infections (63%), more neurologic sequelae (37%) and more cases of retrolental fibroplasia (12%) than their non-BPD counterparts. PMID- 3241291 TI - In-vivo NMR spectroscopy of the fetal lung in guinea-pigs. AB - We have been successful in achieving phosphorus NMR in-vivo spectra of the fetal lung in an animal model. We used pregnant guinea-pigs with a gestational age of 45 to 65 days. The spectra were recorded on a Bruker tomograph (BMT 24/30) with a field strength of 2.35 T. The spectra showed a typical pattern. After recording the animals were sacrificed and the lungs were prepared for electron microscopic examinations. In the spectra peaks were found which appeared to be phosphorylcholine and phosphatidylcholine. For one peak it could be observed that the relative signal intensity increased with increasing gestational age as well as with increasing lung maturity. This could not be observed for other peaks. So the lecithin of the surfactant in the tissue of the fetal lung appears to be directly accessible through phosphorus in-vivo NMR spectroscopy. The peaks found appear already before the lamellar bodies are present in the pneumocytes type II. PMID- 3241292 TI - Anemia, ferritin and preterm labor. AB - The results of this study suggest that the additional determination of serum ferritin in pregnancy is necessary for a more reliable classification of iron deficiency. In 300 pregnant women the hematological values (Hb, MCH and serum ferritin) were determined toward the end of gestation. In 36 per cent of the women both Hb values greater than 11 g/dl and MCH values less than 28 pg fail to give evidence of an existing iron deficiency, indicated by serum ferritin values below 20 micrograms/l. The determination of serum ferritin is of particular relevance as a significant correlation was ascertained between low serum ferritin levels and the incidence of preterm labor: 52.3% of the women with serum ferritin levels below 10 micrograms/l and only 9.5% of the women with serum ferritin levels above 20 micrograms/l went into preterm labor. A convincing explanation for this has not yet been found. PMID- 3241293 TI - Intrauterine death of a single fetus in twin pregnancies. AB - The paper reports on nine twin pregnancies in the years 1982-1987 with the intrauterine death of a single fetus. The incidence of 0.10% is consistent with that reported in other comparable studies. Evaluation of the causes of death shows a preponderance of asphyxia. A fetofetal transfusion syndrome occurred in 4 cases. Eight of the pregnancies were terminated by caesarean section. One of the surviving children died in the neonatal period. The course of the neonatal period in the other babies was determined mainly by the state of maturity. No increased maternal morbidity was observed. On the basis of this and other experience described in the literature, some general guidelines are proposed for the management of the further pregnancy and delivery in such high-risk cases. PMID- 3241294 TI - Perinatal Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a low birth weight infant. AB - The present case report demonstrates a new probable cause of intrauterine acquired neonatal pneumonia. An infant weighing 780 gm was born in the 27th week of gestation because of maternal spontaneous onset of labor with intact membranes. The infant was referred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) soon after delivery with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). A suspected infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was confirmed by bacterial isolation and direct immunofluorescent test (IF) using monoclonal antibodies. On the basis of this observation we suggest that intrauterine Chlamydia infection should be considered as cause of premature delivery and RDS. PMID- 3241295 TI - Hypoxia and hypoxanthine concentration during delivery. PMID- 3241296 TI - Actual and perceived nutritional knowledge of elderly individuals. AB - The perceived and actual nutritional knowledge of 150 noninstitutionalized elderly individuals was measured using mean scores on a 20 item test. Over 90% of those surveyed knew about the daily dietary need for vitamin C; about the life long need for calcium; and about sources of fiber coming from whole grain breads and cereals. The elderly who thought they had fair knowledge of nutrition, in fact, did have higher mean scores on the nutritional knowledge test. Data analysis indicated that mean scores on actual nutritional knowledge were higher for those who were white and for those who were in a higher socioeconomic level. Mean scores of elderly men and women were found to be similar. PMID- 3241297 TI - Some aspects of sensory properties of food that relate to food habits and associated problems of elderly consumers. AB - A questionnaire was developed and administered to 30 elderly consumers to explore perceptions about sensory properties of food that relate to food habits and food related problems. Fifty percent of the survey sample believed that their food habits had changed considerably in the past 10 years, and 47% believed that health problems influenced their food selection. Few reported changes in food preparation because of mastication problems. Approximately half believed that foods smelled and tasted as good to them now as foods did when the consumers were young. Sensory properties of food were significantly (p less than or equal to .05) more important than several other factors in making purchase decisions for food preparation in three specific social contexts. PMID- 3241298 TI - Nutrient intake status, knowledge, source of information and self-perceived health status among older adults in South Carolina. PMID- 3241299 TI - Effect of zinc supplementation on the development of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. AB - Supplemental zinc intake by an ambulatory elderly population was examined. Health questionnaire, electrocardiogram, laboratory, and medication use data from a geriatric health screening program were compared for 69 participants who were taking zinc supplements and 1,832 participants who were not taking zinc supplements during 1985. A major purpose of this study was to evaluate whether ingestion of zinc supplements by elderly persons is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. No association between zinc supplementation and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease was found for the indices examined. More information is needed to resolve the question of whether or not zinc supplementation is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. It is important that elderly persons be provided information to evaluate the possible risk versus benefit of taking zinc supplements. PMID- 3241300 TI - Feeding the dysphagic elderly resident: a case study. PMID- 3241301 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of caffeine and dimethylxanthines in plasma and saliva]. PMID- 3241302 TI - [Study of crystalline drugs by means of polarizing microscope. X. Analysis of the particle size distribution of phenytoin]. PMID- 3241303 TI - [Promotion of gastrointestinal absorption of pirenzepine dihydrochloride in the rat. I]. PMID- 3241304 TI - A new view of sex education. PMID- 3241305 TI - Who and what is a black and why? PMID- 3241306 TI - Health needs of adolescents. PMID- 3241307 TI - Affirmative action in medical education and its effect on Howard and Meharry: a study of the class of 1975. AB - During the decade of the 1970s, affirmative action programs were introduced in US medical schools for the purpose of increasing the number of black and other minority medical students and of improving the medical care resources for black and other minority communities. Having for many years served as the main sources of black physicians in the US, Howard University College of Medicine and Meharry Medical College School of Medicine were also affected by affirmative action. No previous studies have compared the black graduates from Howard and Meharry with black and other minority graduates from the other US medical schools.The purpose of this study was to compare these medical school graduates in terms of actual choice of specialty, patient characteristics, practice location, and specialty board certification, using the graduating class of 1975. A greater proportion of black graduates from Howard and Meharry chose primary care specialties than did black graduates from other schools, though this difference was not statistically significant. Black graduates from Howard and Meharry had significantly greater proportions of black patients compared with black graduates from other schools, but the same proportion of Medicaid patients.Though not statistically significant, black graduates from Howard and Meharry were less likely to be found practicing in federally designated underserved areas. Black graduates from Meharry were significantly less likely to have achieved specialty board certification, compared with graduates from Howard or the other medical schools. These results illustrate the experience of Howard and Meharry during the era of affirmative action and generally support their critically important role in producing black physicians and enhancing medical care resources in the black community. PMID- 3241308 TI - Alcohol and drug taking among medical students at a Nigerian university campus: Part 2. Sociodemographic factors of etiologic significance. AB - In a survey of Nigerian undergraduate medical students, alcohol and drug users were classified as frequent users, casual users, and nonusers. Place of residence during session and family structure recorded no significant contribution to the development of substance abuse. Male sex, poor performance on examinations, drug taking among close friends and peers, and a family background of lower socioeconomic status emerged as sociodemographic factors correlating positively with the presence of substance abuse. Health education, controlled distribution of drugs and alcohol, stringent regulatory provisions against their use, and a permanent Commission on Substance Abuse with full judicial powers are suggested as measures that may help control the abuse of psychoactive substances and the hazard they pose to public health. PMID- 3241309 TI - Coping with sickle cell disease: a profile and perspective of a pioneer self-help group. AB - Sickle cell anemia is a chronic, debilitating disease that is passed genetically from generation to generation. It is a disease marked by periods of well-being and crisis, and it has a profound effect on all bodily organs, shortening the lifespan of its victims. The disease also has far-reaching effects on family functioning and relationships. Support for affected families and individuals is therefore a vital component of any management regimen.In the 1960s, the idea for the Association for Sickle Cell Anemia Research (ASCAR) was implemented. The group was spearheaded by Dr. Roland B. Scott and Dr. Angella Ferguson, both of whom were members of the Department of Pediatrics at Freedmen's Hospital (now Howard University Hospital).This group was perhaps the first of its kind, and adopted as its goals education and family support as well as fund-raising to aid in the support of research. This article provides an overview of the development of this group, its organization and activities, as well as an appraisal of its accomplishments. It also offers specific suggestions for formulating similar groups. PMID- 3241310 TI - The help-seeking behavior of black Americans. A summary of findings from the National Survey of Black Americans. AB - In 1977, the National Institute of Mental Health funded the National Survey of Black Americans (NSBA). The NSBA was an omnibus, nationally representative sample (N = 2,107) of adult black Americans that explored numerous issues relevant to black quality of life. One topic that has received much attention is where blacks go for help during periods of crisis. This article provides a brief summary of NSBA findings on the use of informal help, professional help, and insurance coverage. Suggestions for future research directions for those interested in the help-seeking behavior of black Americans are provided. PMID- 3241311 TI - Ruptured pyogenic Baker's cyst. AB - The authors present the case of a patient who developed a ruptured Baker's cyst. Methods of diagnosis and treatment are discussed. PMID- 3241312 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly. Report of a case discovered at death. AB - Tuberculosis in the elderly takes on new significance. The case of an 87-year-old female nursing home resident is presented. She was admitted to the hospital with atypical pulmonary manifestations and right pleural effusion. Tuberculin skin tests were negative. The patient deteriorated and died. Disease due to Mycobacteria tuberculosis was discovered by culture after death.The prevalence of tuberculosis in the aged is increasing as the population ages. In the long-term care setting, residents infected early in life outlive their tubercle bacilli. They are at risk of being infected again.Continuous clinical awareness in the geriatric segment of the population is essential if tuberculosis control is to be achieved. Tuberculin skin testing is important, with chemoprophylaxis for converters, and treatment for active disease. PMID- 3241314 TI - Pathophysiological changes associated with increasing grade of hepatic encephalopathy. AB - The pathophysiological changes occurring with increasing grade of encephalopathy were examined in 93 consecutive episodes in 44 patients with liver cirrhosis (37 posthepatic). The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and leukocytosis increased significantly when the grade advanced from 1 to 5. The following variables showed a trend for change that did not reach statistical significance: rising serum bilirubin, SGOT, and BUN levels; decreasing serum sodium and chloride levels; and increased incidence of infection. The mean values of the following variables were significantly different in 25 fatal episodes and 68 survivors, implicating a bad prognosis: high serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and BUN levels; low serum albumin, sodium, and chloride levels; and a higher incidence of severe infections (sepsis, infected ascitic fluid). Because increasing grade of encephalopathy is the most important factor in determining the prognosis of hepatic encephalopathy (mortality 0, 10, 5, 19, and 85 percent in grades 1 to 5, respectively), more efforts should be made to understand and prevent the pathophysiological changes associated with advancing grades of encephalopathy. PMID- 3241313 TI - Heart rate of black and white youths aged 12-17 years: associations with blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors. AB - Correlates of heart rate were investigated in youths aged 12 to 17 years examined in the United States National Health Examination Survey. Heart rate decreased with age in boys but no consistent trend appeared in girls. Girls had higher heart rates than boys. Blacks had heart rates 6 to 12 beats per minute lower than whites of the same age and sex.Multiple regression analysis showed the effect of race to be independent of multiple other variables. Regression analyses within sex-race groups identified the following independent correlates of heart rate: white boys, age, systolic blood pressure, and body temperature; black boys, age, body temperature, subscapular skinfold, and systolic blood pressure; white girls, systolic blood pressure, body temperature, cigarette smoking; black girls, body temperature. Correlations of two heart rate measurements 28 to 53 months apart (median 44 months) ranged from r = 0.21 to r = 0.30.Although expanded blood volume and lower sympathetic tone in blacks have been hypothesized, further longitudinal studies are needed to explain the differences in heart rates between races and sexes and their relationship to hypertension in adulthood. PMID- 3241315 TI - The effect of induced abortion on the risks and outcome of a trial of labor after a previous cesarean birth. AB - Sixty-one women with previous cesarean deliveries who received prenatal care at Boston City Hospital or one of the neighborhood health centers affiliated with its obstetrical service elected to undergo a trial of labor (TOL) and attempt a vaginal birth after a cesarean (VBAC). Overall, 70 percent of these women achieved a vaginal delivery. When women who gave a history of a previous induced abortion were examined as a separate subgroup, they were able to achieve a vaginal birth not significantly different from those women in the overall group. There were no instances of uterine scar dehiscence or rupture in the series, leading to the conclusion that induced abortion, whether it occurs before or after the primary cesarean, is not a contraindication to a trial of labor with subsequent pregnancies. PMID- 3241316 TI - Surgical service nosocomial infections at a Veterans Administration medical center. AB - Nosocomial surgical infections at a Veterans Administration medical center were monitored from February 1986 to June 1987 (17 months). Three hundred twenty-four patients had 508 nosocomial infections, including 66 patients in whom cultures were not performed. The remaining 258 patients had 584 microorganisms, including gram-negative bacilli (56.8 percent), gram-positive cocci (33.6 percent), and yeasts (8.4 percent). The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, group D enterococci, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were similar for nosocomial and all hospital isolates combined 84.5 percent of the time; all hospital isolates combined were more resistant in 5.5 percent and nosocomial isolates in 10.0 percent. The infection rate for surgical wounds was only 2.5 percent. When all nosocomial infection sites were compared, however, the rate for lower respiratory tract and some other infections appeared high and disproportionate. The significance of this finding is questionable because of a lack of comparable published reports from other Veterans Administration medical centers. The importance of patient population at risk of obtaining some nosocomial infections (especially lower respiratory) may be greater in adult men than in other patient populations. PMID- 3241317 TI - Assessment of warfarin therapy under full dose using indium-111 platelet scintigraphy in patients with intracardiac thrombi. AB - Twenty patients in whom intracardiac thrombi were detected by indium-111 platelet scintigraphy (the first platelet scintigraphy) were prospectively studied to examine the effect of warfarin therapy under full dose on the intracardiac thrombogenicity. Eleven patients (group I) who received 2-6 mg/day of warfarin and 9 patients (group II) who did not receive warfarin had the second platelet scintigraphies 14-71 days after the first platelet scintigraphies. In group I, 10 platelet scintigraphies became negative and one remained positive for intracardiac thrombi after administration of warfarin, while in group II 8 platelet scintigraphies remained positive and only one changed to negative. The incidence of negative image at the second platelet scintigraphy was significantly lower in group II than that in group I. In group I, the degree of accumulation of platelets onto the surface of the thrombus (%IE), showed significant reduction (0.69 +/- 0.48 to 0.11 +/- 0.21) after warfarin therapy, while in group II %IE at the second scintigraphy (1.07 +/- 1.03) were not significantly different from those at the first scintigraphy (1.13 +/- 0.79). These results indicated that warfarin therapy under full dose inhibited the deposition of platelets on the intracardiac thrombi and thrombogenicity in the patients with intracardiac thrombi which were detected by indium-111 platelet scintigraphy. PMID- 3241318 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting by utilizing the internal mammary artery graft in 100 Japanese patients. AB - The internal mammary artery (IMA) grafting for myocardial revascularization was performed in 100 Japanese patients during a three-year period. There were 86 males and 14 females with the mean age of 58 +/- 9 (37 approximately 75 year old). Unilateral IMA was used in 88 patients and bilateral IMA was used in 12 patients. Sequential IMA grafting was performed in 5 patients. The sites of IMA grafting were 91 left anterior descending arteries (LAD), 16 diagonal branches, 8 circumflex arteries and 2 right coronary arteries. Saphenous vein or gastroepiploic artery was concomitantly used to bypass the other coronary arteries in 90 patients. The number of distal anastomosis ranged from 1 to 6 and the mean was 2.8 per patient. Two patients died within 30 days and one patient died at 3 months after surgery. Perioperative myocardial infarction was noted in 3 patients. Symptomatic relief was obtained in 94 (97%) of 97 survivors. The patency of the IMA graft at mean 2.2 postoperative months was 97% (58/60) in LAD, 100% (14/14) in the diagonal branch, 100% (5/5) in the circumflex artery, 100% (1/1) in the right coronary artery, and 98% (78/80) in over-all grafted coronary arteries. Pre- and postoperative exercise thallium scintigraphy in 13 patients, who received the IMA graft to severely stenosed LAD, showed significant improvement of the washout ratio (from 33.1 +/- 16.9% to 47.4 +/- 14.8%) which was nearly equivalent to that of the saphenous vein graft to LAD (from 24.8 +/- 6.2% to 48.1 +/- 6.6%, n = 7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3241319 TI - Senile cardiac amyloidosis in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM). AB - The characteristics of the senescence accelerated mouse (SAM), a new murine model for accelerated senescence, are early senescence and a high incidence of senile amyloidosis. This study was performed to clarify histopathologically the details of senile cardiac amyloidosis in SAM, and the incidence of amyloidosis in the heart of SAM (-P) was 46.0% (1+: 22.0; 2+: 16.0; 3+: 8.0%). Amyloid infiltrated the ventricular walls, interventricular septum, atrial walls and interatrial septum. Amyloid deposition was prominent around the myocardial fibers and in the vascular walls. Amyloid involvement was greater in the veins than in the arteries. Senile cardiac amyloidosis of SAM was mild or moderate and not severe, in general. The age dependency of amyloidosis incidence of the heart was confirmed. The heart/body weight ratio tended to parallel the grade of cardiac amyloidosis. SAM often had complications such as abscess, lymphoma, skin ulcer, etc. The incidence of amyloidosis was higher in SAM with these complications than in SAM without them. The complications seemed to promote the progress of cardiac amyloidosis and to superimpose secondary amyloidosis. In SAM senile cardiac amyloidosis is less frequent than renal amyloidosis (64.4%) or hepatic amyloidosis (63.3%). PMID- 3241320 TI - Ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in conscious rats--studies with prazosin and atenolol. AB - A conscious rat system has been developed to investigate the ability of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents to modify the severity of ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. Ischemia-induced arrhythmias were studied during a 30 min period of occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, and 100% of control animals (n = 24) exhibited ventricular tachycardia and 63% ventricular fibrillation. Beta-adrenoceptor blockade with atenolol (1 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation to 17% (p less than 0.05). In contrast, alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin (0.01, 0.1 or 1 mg/kg body weight) failed to reduce the incidence of arrhythmias and actually increased mortality. This higher mortality with prazosin was associated with bradyarrhythmias. Administration of atenolol (1 mg/kg body weight) also reduced the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation after a 5 min period of ischemia from 100% to 58% (p less than 0.05). Prazosin could not be tested due to the high mortality during coronary occlusion. Autopsy studies of hearts from the control, atenolol and prazosin groups indicated that all groups had similar occluded zone volumes. In conclusion, in conscious rats beta-blockade with atenolol reduced the incidence of both ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, whereas alpha-blockade with prazosin at the 3 doses studied failed to exert a protective effect and actually increased mortality. PMID- 3241321 TI - Effects of Ca++-antagonists on systemic capacitance vessels and venous return curves of dogs--a study with mean circulatory pressure. AB - We measured mean circulatory pressure (MCP) in anesthetized, open-chest dogs before and after intravenous administration of Ca++-antagonists to estimate the effects on systemic capacitance vessels and on venous return (VR) curves both with and without continuous intravenous infusion of norepinephrine (NE). Diltiazem (300 micrograms/kg) decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) and MCP significantly. Nifedipine (5 micrograms/kg), nicardipine (30 micrograms/kg) and verapamil (200 micrograms/kg) decreased TPR significantly without any change in MCP in the absence of NE, but with the exception of verapamil, they decreased MCP in the presence of NE. This indicates that diltiazem relaxed the systemic capacitance vessels, and nifedipine and nicardipine significantly decreased the tone of the systemic capacitance vessels that had been previously elevated by NE, but this action was very slight with verapamil. These Ca++-antagonists rotated VR curves clockwise, decreased resistance to VR (RVR) and increased VR both in the presence and absence of NE. It was suggested that the decrease in the RVR would be at least partially responsible for the increase in the VR. PMID- 3241322 TI - Syncope in aortic stenosis during continuous electrocardiographic monitoring--a case report. AB - A female patient with severe aortic stenosis had suffered from repeated syncope. Transaortic valve pressure gradient at cardiac catheterization was 117 mmHg. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was done after admission. During syncope, the electrocardiogram showed bradycardia with the lowest heart rate 44 beats per minute, while arterial pulses were not palpable. Rather than arrhythmia, other mechanisms, such as an inhibitory reflex from left ventricular receptors, should be postulated as the cause of syncope in patients with severe aortic stenosis. PMID- 3241323 TI - [In vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - In vitro susceptibilities of 350 strains of Staphylococcus aureus to ampicillin (ABPC), methicillin (DMPPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX) and 5 non-beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were determined according to the standard method of Japan Society of Chemotherapy. Frequencies of the appearance of resistant organisms (MIC greater than or equal to 12.5 micrograms/ml) to beta-lactam antibiotics were 45% for ABPC, 27% for DMPPC, 11% for MCIPC, 24% for CEZ, 15% for CMZ, 36% for CMX and 51% for LMOX. To non-beta-lactam antimicrobial agents, resistant strains appeared at 31% to gentamicin, 15% to amikacin, 0.6% to minocycline (MINO), 1% to norfloxacin (NFLX) and 65% to fosfomycin (FOM). More than 80% of DMPPC-resistant strains were also resistant to LMOX, CMX, ABPC, FOM, and CEZ, but most of those were susceptible to MINO and NFLX. Incidence of DMPPC-CEZ resistant S. aureus was 23% of the 350 strains tested. As stated above, multiply resistant strains of S. aureus are present throughout different hospitals in Okinawa. PMID- 3241324 TI - [A study on the disc sensitivity test for clavulanic acid/amoxicillin combination]. AB - Susceptibilities of 179 strains of 30 bacterial species or subspecies to clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC) combination were determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method as well as by diameters of inhibition zones in the single disc method, under the experimental conditions established by Kanazawa. The experiments demonstrated significant correlation between MICs by the dilution method and diameters of inhibition zones in each of conventional assays of the over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, the delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), and the rapid assay (after 3-4 or 5-6 hours incubation), thus confirming applicability of the single-disc assay for activities of CVA/AMPC combination. From an analysis of the data obtained using CVA/AMPC (1:2) combination of disc containing 45 micrograms, the primary regression equations were obtained as follows: D (diameter, mm) = 27.4-10.1 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the conventional assay; D = 33.7-13.4 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the delayed assay; D = 20.7-6.6 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the 5-6 hours rapid assay, and D = 14.5-3.6 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in the 3-4 hours rapid assay. The range of variations in MICs of CVA/AMPC combination estimated from diameters of inhibition zones by the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MICs determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method to estimate experimental errors involved in assaying MICs of CVA/AMPC combination by the single-disc assay. PMID- 3241325 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of cefsulodin in patients with kidney dysfunction]. AB - Seventeen patients with various grades of kidney function were injected each with cefsulodin (CFS) 1 g dissolved in 20 ml of saline. Serum and urine concentrations of CFS were determined using high performance liquid chromatography up to 24 hours after administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis was done using a two compartment model. The results were discussed by comparing creatinine clearance (Ccr) values divided into 4 groups: greater than or equal to 70 ml/min (group I), 50-less than 70 ml/min (group II), 30-less than 50 ml/min (group III), and less than 30 ml/min (group IV). A delay in the disappearance of CFS from the blood was observed with a decrease in Ccr. Half-lives of CFS in blood (T 1/2 beta) were 1.03 hours (group I), 2.09 hours (group II), 3.44 hours (group III), and 4.52 hours (group IV). Serum clearance (Cls) and Ccr were found to be related with an equation: Cls = 1.60 x Ccr + 7.70. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.881. Ccr and T 1/2 beta were found to be related with an equation: T 1/2 beta = 31.27 x Ccr-0.688, and the area under the curve (AUC) was found to be related to Ccr with AUC = 4,226 x Ccr-0.81. Urinary excretion rates up to 24 hours after administration were 84.4% (group I), 69.1% (group II), 67.5% (group III), and 56.5% (group IV). This means that CFS is excreted in urine with a relatively high recovery even in the case of low Ccr less than 30 ml/min. PMID- 3241326 TI - [Transfer of injected sulbactam/cefoperazone into burn blister fluid]. AB - Transfer of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) into the burn blister fluid was studied in 10 burn patients after one shot intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg SBT/CPZ (CPZ 25 mg/kg, SBT 25 mg/kg). CPZ and SBT concentrations in serum and burn blister fluid were determined using bioassay and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The concentration of CPZ in serum reached 109.5 +/- 9.2 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.E.) at 0.25 hour after injection, and decreased to 6.8 +/- 2.3 micrograms/ml after 8 hours. The concentration of CPZ in burn blister fluid peaked at 4 hours and reached 28.2 +/- 8.0 micrograms/ml. The concentration of SBT in serum reached 75.7 +/- 8.3 micrograms/ml at 0.25 hour after injection, and decreased to 2.3 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml after 8 hours. The peak concentration of SBT in burn blister fluid was 13.5 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml at 3 hours. The data obtained were analysed pharmacokinetically. Cmax of CPZ and SBT levels in burn blister fluid were calculated to be 30.4 micrograms/ml and 13.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. The AUC0-8 hrs. (area under the burn blister fluid concentration of drug-time curve between 0 and 8 hours after injection), absorption rate constant (ka) and therapeutic AUC (AUC where drug concentrations were above minimum effective concentration) of CPZ were calculated to be 194.0 micrograms.hr/ml, 1.52 hr-1 and 97.1 micrograms.hr/ml (0.3-11.1 hours), respectively. The AUC0-8 hrs. and ka of SBT were also calculated as 68.3 micrograms.hr/ml and 0.62 hr-1, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3241327 TI - [Excretion of antibiotics into bile and urine in patients with external cholecystostomy done in order to treat obstructive jaundice]. AB - Biliary and urinary concentrations and recoveries of 3 different antibiotics (piperacillin (PIPC), cefbuperazone (CBPZ) and cefoperazone (CPZ], after intravenous bolus injection were studied using the crossover method with external cholecystostomies done in order to treat obstructive jaundice due to complete obstruction of the lower biliary tract; the concentrations of antibiotics in bile and urine were determined by means of a high performance liquid chromatography method. Drug concentrations and recoveries in the bile after intravenous injection of these antibiotics were at levels in the order of CPZ greater than CBPZ greater than PIPC. Since our patients were inflicted with various malignancies which made them impaired in terms of biliary excretion of antibiotics, the concentrations of those drugs in the bile were lower than those previously reported by several investigators. However, CBPZ and CPZ showed sufficient levels of excretion into the bile and their amounts were high enough when compared to the value of MIC 80% reported recently against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are known to be main pathogens of biliary system infections. The excretion of CPZ into the bile was invariably found to be 2 times or more as high as the other 2 drugs tested. Concentrations and recoveries of the 3 antibiotics excreted into urine were similar to the cefotaxime excretion, of which into urine had been reported to be excellent. Thus, CBPZ and CPZ appeared to be effective against biliary system infections, even with blockage of antibiotics excretion into the bile. PMID- 3241328 TI - [Clinical evaluation of S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) in chronic bronchitis]. AB - S 6472 granule preparation, a sustained-release cefaclor, was orally administered to 20 acutely exacerbated cases of chronic bronchitis at a daily dosage of 750 mg (titer) in 2 divided doses for a duration of 7-15 days and its clinical usefulness was evaluated. Clinical efficacies were good in 17 cases and fair in 3 cases, with a rate of efficacy of 85.0%. Organisms isolated from 13 patients were totalling 14 strains, i.e., 5 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 3 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, 2 strains of Streptococcus sp., 2 strains of Klebsiella oxytoca, 1 strain of Haemophilus influenzae and 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus. All these strains, except the strains of Streptococcus sp., disappeared upon the administration of the drug. With regard to the safety, no side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values were encountered. PMID- 3241329 TI - [Clinical studies on S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) in chronic respiratory tract infections]. AB - S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) was orally administered to 15 patients with chronic respiratory tract infections (2 acutely exacerbated cases of chronic bronchitis, 13 cases of secondary infections consisting of 1 case of bronchial asthma, 2 cases of bronchial asthma/pulmonary emphysema, and 10 cases of bronchiectasis) at a daily dose of 750 mg divided into 2 doses administered after breakfast and dinner, for a duration of 14 days. The drug was ineffective in 3 of the 10 cases of bronchiectasis but was effective in the other 12 cases, with a rate of efficacy of 80%. There were no side effects of abnormal laboratory findings due to administration of this drug. PMID- 3241330 TI - [Clinical examination of S 6472 (sustained release preparations of cefaclor on chronic respiratory tract infection]. AB - Clinical evaluation of S 6472 (sustained release preparations of cefaclor), a granule form of cefaclor, was performed in 20 patients with chronic respiratory tract infections. The patients subjected to the study consisted of 11 males and 9 females with ages between 44 and 76 years. S 6472 was given orally to each patient in a daily dose of 750 mg in 2 divided portions. The duration of administration was 3 days in 1 case, 7 days in 11 cases, 11 days in 3 cases and 14 days in 5 cases. A total of 5 strains including 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, and 1 strain each of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae were identified from sputum samples before the administration of the drug. All strains were eradicated but, instead 2 strains, 1 strain each of Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa appeared after the therapy. The clinical efficacy rate was 95.0% (19/20): Excellent in 5 cases, good in 14 cases and fair in 1 case. No side effects were observed, but eosinophilia was observed in 1 case. From the above results, it appeared that S 6472 was effective, safe and useful agent for the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections. PMID- 3241331 TI - [Clinical evaluation of S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) in chronic bronchitis]. AB - The S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor preparation) was administered to 15 cases of chronic bronchitis for its clinical evaluation; a daily dosage of 750 mg was orally given in 2 divided doses after breakfast and dinner for a duration of 7 to 22 days. Clinical effects were good in 11 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 3 cases. Among the 13 cases other than 2 unadaptable Pseudomonas infections, good effectiveness was found in 11 cases (efficacy rate: 84.6%). There appeared to be no side effects or abnormal laboratory test values due to administration of this drug. PMID- 3241332 TI - [Clinical study of S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) in chronic respiratory airway infections]. AB - S 6472 granule preparation, a sustained-release preparation of cefaclor, was administered to 21 patients with chronic respiratory airway infections for its clinical study; a daily dosage between 750 and 1,500 mg was orally given in 2 divided doses after breakfast and dinner for a duration of 3 to 14 days. Clinical effects were good in 15 cases, fair in 1 case, poor in 4 cases and unknown in 1 case. No side effects were observed except for a case of impaired appetite. There appeared to be no abnormal laboratory test valued due to the drug. PMID- 3241333 TI - Evidence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with mitral ring calcification. AB - In order to evaluate the role of calcium regulating hormones in the pathogenesis of mitral ring calcification, we have studied the serum levels of PTH and vitamin D metabolites in aged females both with and without mitral ring calcification (MRC). In the patients with MRC (n = 17), significantly lower levels of serum total protein (6.6 +/- 0.2 in the MRC group vs 7.1 +/- 0.1 g/dl in the control group, mean +/- SEM), BUN (15.7 +/- 0.9 vs 18.3 +/- 0.9 mg/dl), creatinine (0.7 +/- 0.02 vs 0.9 +/- 0.02 mg/dl) and calcium (8.4 +/- 0.1 vs 9.2 +/- 0.1 mg/ml) were observed as compared with those in the controls (n = 32). Significantly higher PTH levels (0.57 +/- 0.07 vs 0.38 +/- 0.04 ng/ml) were found in the MRC group. Levels of all three vitamin D metabolites in the MRC group were significantly lower than those in the control group (25-OHD; 11.2 +/- 1.4 vs 19.6 +/- 1.2 ng/ml, 24,25(OH)2D; 0.7 +/- 0.1 vs 1.3 +/- 0.1 ng/ml and 1,25(OH)2D; 12.5 +/- 2.4 vs 43.0 +/- 3.5 pg/ml). The correlation coefficient between PTH and 1,25(OH) 2D was -0.382(n = 49, p less than 0.01). Thus, the significantly higher PTH levels in the MRC group might result in hypovitaminosis D. In conclusion, evidence of hypovitaminosis D in the patients with mitral ring calcification was demonstrated. PMID- 3241334 TI - Three autopsied cases of postmyocarditic cardiomegaly. Comparison with dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - Three patients with clinically proven myocarditis who later developed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-like features were studied pathologically at necropsy and compared with 42 other cases with DCM. The patients were an 18 year old female, a 20 year old male and a 28 year old male. They all had an upper respiratory tract infection as a prodromal symptom and then developed dyspnea on effort, electrocardiographic changes and cardiomegaly. In case 1, the antibody titers for Coxsackie B2 virus were elevated. In cases 1 and 3, myocardial biopsies revealed a mononuclear cell infiltrate. All 3 died of congestive heart failure. Histologically, layer-unit depletion of the myocardium (the myocardial damage and its sequelae (loss or minimal fibrosis) are restricted to certain layers), infiltration of mononuclear cells and moderate fibrosis were noted. In case 3, fibrosis and layer-unit depletion of the myocardium were mild. In our 42 DCM cases, the mean area of fibrosis was 40% in the fibrosis type, 15% in the nonfibrosis type and 30% in chronic myocarditis. In postmyocarditic cardiomegaly (PMC), the areas of fibrosis were 21.6%, 21.7% and 13.1% for the 3 cases. Mean cellularity indexes were 3.9% in PMC, 5.1% in the fibrosis type of DCM, 19.4% in the chronic myocarditis cases and 27% in the nonfibrosis type of DCM. With respect to fibrosis and interstitial cellularity, PMC most resembles the nonfibrosis type of DCM. PMID- 3241335 TI - Effects of monotherapy and withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of hypertension. AB - The final number of antihypertensive drugs used in the long-term treatment of a given patient is not always predictable at the start of therapy. By reviewing clinical records, we retrospectively examined the relationship between pretreatment blood pressure and the final number of drugs administered in 282 patients with mild to moderate hypertension who had been treated for 5 years or more (average 9.7 years). After years of treatment approximately one third and one half of 137 patients with a pretreatment diastolic blood pressure of between 90 and 104 mmHg were well controlled with combined therapy and monotherapy, respectively. The drugs had been withdrawn in the remaining 17% for 12 months or more. Lower pretreatment systolic blood pressure and lower pretreatment QRS voltage were signs favorable for withdrawal of the drugs. Combined therapy was required in more than half the patients with higher pretreatment diastolic blood pressure. PMID- 3241336 TI - Effects of procainamide and disopyramide on long chain acyl carnitine and long chain acyl CoA concentrations in the ischemic heart. AB - Though the efficacies of procainamide and disopyramide in treating arrhythmias are well established, their precise mechanisms of antiarrhythmic action remain unclear. Arrhythmias which occur during acute myocardial ischemia can be explained partly on a metabolic basis. The accumulation of intermediates subsequent to impaired beta-oxidation of free fatty acids has been suggested as a cause of serious arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in free carnitine, long chain acyl carnitine and long chain acyl CoA concentrations in the ischemic canine heart following the administration of procainamide and disopyramide. The coronary artery was occluded for 40 min and myocardial samples were prepared from both nonischemic and ischemic areas. Procainamide and disopyramide prevented the accumulation of long chain acyl carnitine and long chain acyl CoA in the ischemic myocardium. The results showed that procainamide and disopyramide had beneficial effects on fatty acid metabolism. It was suggested that one of the antiarrhythmic mechanisms of these drugs might be the prevention of the accumulation of fatty acyl derivatives in the ischemic myocardium. PMID- 3241337 TI - Chronotropic and inotropic effects of a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, MC-838 (altiopril calcium), on the dog heart. AB - The effects of calcium (-)-N-[(S)-3(N-cyclohexylcarbonyl-D-alanyl)-thio]-2 methylpropion] -L- prolinate (MC-838, altiopril calcium), an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme, were investigated in 9 isolated atrial preparations and 7 intact anesthetized donor dogs. In 7 intact dogs, 1-10 mg/Kg of MC-838 caused a decrease in systemic blood pressure, but no significant influence on heart rate was observed. At the same time, in isolated atria perfused with donor's blood, significant increases in developed tension and slight increases in sinus rate were observed with 3 and 10 mg/Kg of MC-838. Intraarterial MC-838 at 10-300 micrograms did not induce significant cardiac effects and MC-838 at 1-3 mg caused an increase in developed tension and a slight increase in sinus rate. The positive inotropic and chronotropic effects were not blocked by adequate doses of propranolol, which significantly blocked norepinephrine-induced positive chronotropic and inotropic effects. It is concluded that a large amount of MC-838 has slight cardiotonic properties which are not mediated via a beta-adrenergic mechanism. PMID- 3241338 TI - Bradycardic effects of AQ-A 39 (falipamil) in situ and in isolated, blood perfused dog hearts. Comparison with alinidine and verapamil. AB - The cardiovascular effects of a specific bradycardic agent, AQ-A 39, were investigated in intact donor dogs and isolated and cross-perfused dog heart preparations. Intravenous administration of AQ-A 39 (10-1000 micrograms/kg) to the donor dog caused a dose-dependent heart rate decrease in the donor dog and a decreased atrial rate in the isolated atrium perfused by the donor's blood. The arterial blood pressure of the donor dog and contractile force of the atrial preparation were unchanged or slightly decreased. The direct injection of AQ-A (1 300 micrograms) into the sinus node artery of the isolated atrium caused dose dependent negative chronotropic and slight, transient positive inotropic responses. Alinidine and verapamil caused marked negative chronotropic and inotropic responses. The negative chronotropic effect of AQ-A 39 was not modified by atropine. However, it was enhanced slightly but significantly by propranolol, indicating that AQ-A 39-induced bradycardia was antagonized partly by beta adrenoceptor function. These results confirmed that AQ-A 39 selectively reduced sinus rate by a direct action on the sinus node. Furthermore, the potency of the bradycardiac action, compared with the decrease in contractility, was greater than for alinidine or verapamil. AQ-A 39 (300 micrograms) tended to depress norepinephrine (NE)-induced positive chronotropic but not inotropic effects in isolated atria. By contrast, verapamil (3-10 micrograms) significantly depressed the NE-induced positive inotropic but not the chronotropic effect, and propranolol (10 micrograms) suppressed both cardiac effects of NE. These data suggest that the AQ-A 39-induced, selective attenuation of the NE-induced chronotropic effect is not due to either calcium channel blockade or beta adrenoceptor antagonism. PMID- 3241339 TI - Negative chronotropic and positive inotropic effects of a unique cardioactive agent, N,N'-dicyclopropyl methyl piperazine (bis) hydrochloride (INO 2628), in isolated, blood-perfused dog atria. AB - The effects of a novel piperazine derivative (INO 2628) on sinus node pacemaker activity and atrial contractile force were investigated in isolated, blood perfused dog atrium. Injections of INO 2628 (0.03-100 mumol) into the sinus node artery of the isolated atrium induced a dose-dependent decrease in sinus rate and an increase in contractile force. The positive inotropic effects at more than 10 mumol were accompanied by a transient negative inotropism. Propranolol did not affect the positive inotropic response to INO 2628, but it significantly suppressed positive chronotropic and inotropic responses to norepinephrine. Atropine at a dose which completely blocked negative chronotropic and inotropic responses to carbachol, produced a slight but significant depression of INO 2628 induced negative chronotropic responses; inotropic responses were unaffected. These results suggest that INO 2628 induces noncholinergic negative chronotropic and nonadrenergic positive inotropic responses in isolated dog atria. PMID- 3241340 TI - Inspiratory right ventricular outflow obstruction in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - A patient with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with exertional near syncope is reported. Intra-right ventricular obstruction was demonstrated by hemodynamic studies during inspiration and the Valsalva maneuver with systemic hypotension. Improvement occurred following the administration of propranolol. It was suggested that syncope might be precipitated by hemodynamic changes such as a high output state and a depressed cardiac volume in relation to intra-right ventricular obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3241341 TI - Hypoplastic left coronary artery. PMID- 3241342 TI - [Biological antioxidants and their mechanism of action]. PMID- 3241343 TI - [Peroxidation chain reactions of lipid radicals in membrane injuries]. PMID- 3241344 TI - [Linoleic cascade and radical peroxidation reaction]. PMID- 3241345 TI - [Free radicals and lipid peroxidation. Biochemistry of superoxide dismutase- species, distribution, structure and genes]. PMID- 3241346 TI - [Biochemistry of the physiopathologic and clinical aspects of free radicals. Lipid peroxides, free radicals and diseases]. PMID- 3241347 TI - [Biochemistry of the physiopathologic and clinical aspects of free radicals. Role of free radicals in cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 3241348 TI - [Biochemistry of the physiopathologic and clinical aspects of free radicals in heart ischemia: free radicals as a mediator of ischemia-reperfusion injury]. PMID- 3241349 TI - [Biochemistry of the physiopathologic and clinical aspects of free radicals in radiation injuries]. PMID- 3241350 TI - [Trends in the development of SOD preparations and their clinical applications: clinical efficacy and problems]. PMID- 3241351 TI - [Trends in the development of new antioxidants and the clinical studies. Chinese herbal drugs as antioxidants]. PMID- 3241352 TI - [Trends in the development of new antioxidants and clinical studies. L-ascorbic acid derivatives as antioxidants]. PMID- 3241353 TI - [Clinical significance of obesity and standard body weight]. PMID- 3241354 TI - [Classification of obesity and its problems]. PMID- 3241355 TI - [Trends in obesity]. PMID- 3241356 TI - [Etiology of obesity]. PMID- 3241357 TI - [Various characteristics of fatty tissues in obesity]. PMID- 3241358 TI - [Mental symptoms in obesity]. PMID- 3241359 TI - [Autonomic nervous disorders in obesity]. PMID- 3241360 TI - [Respiratory function in obesity]. PMID- 3241361 TI - [Gonadal dysfunctions in obesity]. PMID- 3241362 TI - [Gonadal dysfunctions in female obesity]. PMID- 3241363 TI - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activities in obesity]. PMID- 3241364 TI - [Abnormal mineral metabolism in obesity]. PMID- 3241365 TI - [Gastrointestinal functions in obesity]. PMID- 3241366 TI - [Obesity as a risk factor in hypertension]. PMID- 3241367 TI - [Obesity as a risk factor in hepatobiliary diseases]. PMID- 3241368 TI - [Obesity as a risk factor in cerebral infarction]. PMID- 3241369 TI - [Obesity as a risk factor in coronary diseases]. PMID- 3241370 TI - [Obesity as a risk factor in breast cancer]. PMID- 3241371 TI - [Obesity as a risk factor in uterine cancer]. PMID- 3241372 TI - [Obesity as a risk factor in gout]. PMID- 3241373 TI - [Hereditary disease associated with obesity]. PMID- 3241374 TI - [Diet therapy and exercise therapy in obesity]. PMID- 3241375 TI - [Behavior therapy in obesity]. PMID- 3241376 TI - [Drug therapy in obesity]. PMID- 3241377 TI - [Surgical therapy in obesity]. PMID- 3241378 TI - [Juvenile obesity and its characteristics]. PMID- 3241380 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in obesity]. PMID- 3241379 TI - [Surgical cases of obesity and postoperative complications]. PMID- 3241381 TI - [Experimental models of obesity]. PMID- 3241382 TI - [Progress on complement protein chemistry and the molecular mechanism of activation. Standard complement pathway]. PMID- 3241384 TI - [Functions and structure of complement inactivators in plasma. 3). C4b binding protein]. PMID- 3241383 TI - [Progress on complement protein chemistry and the molecular mechanism of activation. Alternative complement pathway]. PMID- 3241385 TI - [Progress in the study of complement receptors. Variety, distribution and analysis of complement receptors]. PMID- 3241386 TI - [Immunologic defense mechanism in foreign substances recognized by complements]. PMID- 3241387 TI - [Immunologic defense mechanism by formation of a membrane attack complex and bacteriolysis]. PMID- 3241388 TI - [Immunologic defense mechanism in the solubilization of immune complexes by complement]. PMID- 3241390 TI - [Immunologic defense mechanism by activation of the complement system and arachidonic acids]. PMID- 3241389 TI - [Relation of coagulation, fibrinolysis, the kinin and complement system in immunologic defense mechanisms]. PMID- 3241391 TI - [Clinical study of congenital complement deficiencies and abnormalities]. PMID- 3241392 TI - [Clinical study of complement system abnormality and glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3241393 TI - [Clinical study of complement receptor abnormalities]. PMID- 3241394 TI - [Technics and application of the HIV serodiagnosis. Evaluation and investigation]. PMID- 3241395 TI - [Evaluation of KARPAS AIDS cell test for the detection of HIV antibodies]. PMID- 3241396 TI - [Detection of HIV antibodies by the western immunoblotting method, Viorad immunoblot assay]. PMID- 3241397 TI - [Detection of HIV antibodies by the western immunoblotting method, Dupon HILV-III western blot]. PMID- 3241398 TI - [Detection of HIV antigens by HIV antigen. EIA(Abbott)]. PMID- 3241399 TI - [HIV diagnostic tests. Handling HIV in laboratories]. PMID- 3241400 TI - [Detection of HIV antigen by Retro-Tek VCA EIA kit]. PMID- 3241401 TI - [HIV serodiagnosis--passive particle agglutination test for detection of HIV antibodies]. PMID- 3241402 TI - [Abbott HTLV-III.EIA diagnostic kit for the detection of serum HTLV-III antibody]. PMID- 3241403 TI - [Vironostika Anti-HTLV-III (Organon) diagnostic kit for the detection of HIV antibodies]. PMID- 3241405 TI - [HTLV-III Bioenzabead Test Kit (Litton) for the detection of HIV antibodies]. PMID- 3241404 TI - [Evaluation of Pasteur ELABIA EIA for the detection of HIV antibodies]. PMID- 3241406 TI - [Detection of HIV antibodies using the ORTHO HTLV-III ELISA test]. PMID- 3241407 TI - [VIRGO HTLV-III ELISA for the detection of HIV antibodies]. PMID- 3241408 TI - [UBI-Olympus HIV-EIA for the detection of HIV antibodies]. PMID- 3241409 TI - [Welcozyme Kit (Welcome) for the detection of HIV antibodies]. PMID- 3241410 TI - [Behringwerke Enzygnost Anti-HIV micro kit for the detection of HIV antibodies]. PMID- 3241411 TI - [Basic virology in HIV diagnostic tests]. PMID- 3241412 TI - [HIV ENVACORE EIA (Abbott) for the detection of HIV antibodies]. PMID- 3241413 TI - [The present status of emergency laboratory tests: importance and problems from the view point of a medical school hospital]. PMID- 3241414 TI - [Present status of emergency laboratory tests: importance and problems from the viewpoint of a prefectural governmental hospital]. PMID- 3241415 TI - [Present status of emergency laboratory tests: importance and problems from the standpoint of a prefectural governmental hospital]. PMID- 3241416 TI - [Present status of emergency laboratory tests: importance and problems from the standpoint of a private hospital]. PMID- 3241417 TI - [Present status and problems in the emergent laboratory and x-ray examinations and countermeasures for the future]. PMID- 3241418 TI - [The usefulness of discriminant function for diagnosis of malignant disease]. PMID- 3241419 TI - [Apolipoprotein and lipid levels in cord blood]. PMID- 3241420 TI - [A dye-binding method for determination of inorganic phosphate in serum using guinea green B (GGB)]. PMID- 3241421 TI - [Four kinds of monoclonal antibodies against platelets]. PMID- 3241422 TI - [Immuno turbidimetric assay of heparin cofactor II]. PMID- 3241423 TI - [Studies on the determination of PA activity level in plasma using euglobulin fraction]. PMID- 3241424 TI - [Effect of anticoagulant on platelet count and their parameters]. PMID- 3241425 TI - [Tissue quantification of the thyroid follicular adenoma and adenomatous goiter]. PMID- 3241426 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation on PTH mid-region RIA kit (PTH kit "YAMASA") for serum PTH]. PMID- 3241427 TI - [Auditory brainstem responses in patients with dementia]. PMID- 3241428 TI - [Reliability of the MS-2 system in detecting Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin]. PMID- 3241429 TI - [New diagnostic method for uterine cervical adenocarcinoma--application of monoclonal antibody to cervical mucin]. PMID- 3241431 TI - [A new method for cultivation of mouse hair follicle tissue and partial purification and characterization of hair growth stimulating factor in fetal calf serum]. PMID- 3241430 TI - [Conjugation of phenolic compounds with monodansylcadaverine--conjugation test using HPLC]. PMID- 3241432 TI - [A factor capable of increasing vascular permeability from Sq14 mouse squamous cell carcinoma]. PMID- 3241434 TI - [Effect of drugs on lipid synthesis in sebaceous glands of hamster ear skin]. PMID- 3241433 TI - [Inhibitors of serine proteinase inhibit epidermal cell migration (epiboly)]. PMID- 3241435 TI - Apparent accommodation in monocular pseudophakic eyes and contact lens wearing monocular aphakic eyes. PMID- 3241436 TI - A prospective clinical study of radial keratotomy in Koreans. PMID- 3241437 TI - Anterior chamber tube shunt to an encircling band in the treatment of glaucoma. PMID- 3241438 TI - Clinical experience of exfoliation syndrome. PMID- 3241439 TI - Clinical evaluation of Arflur (flurbiprofen) in acute iridocyclitis. PMID- 3241440 TI - ERG b/a ratio and retinal circulation time of CRVO. PMID- 3241441 TI - [Survival rate and physical activity in elderly patients after femoral neck fracture]. PMID- 3241442 TI - [Evaluation of the cerebral lesion and perfusion as risk factors in vascular dementia]. PMID- 3241444 TI - [Coronary artery sclerosis and major causes of death in the aged]. PMID- 3241443 TI - [Hematocrit, serum lipids and cardiovascular indices as risk factors in vascular dementia]. PMID- 3241445 TI - [Relationships between serum total cholesterol and bodily constitution and daily nutrients intake in the aged]. PMID- 3241446 TI - [Effect of aging on bone mineral content. Part VI. Comparison of bone mineral measurement with single photon absorptiometry and dual photon absorptiometry]. PMID- 3241447 TI - [Clinicopathological correlation of poor R wave progression for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction in the elderly]. PMID- 3241448 TI - [Comparison of the clinical outcome of gastric cancer in aged and younger patients in relation to treatment]. PMID- 3241449 TI - [The usefulness of the cardio-renal subset to predict early prognosis in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3241450 TI - [Fatty liver as a complication of patients with Werner's syndrome]. PMID- 3241451 TI - [Proceedings of the 61st annual meeting of the Japan Association of Industrial Health. 11-14 April, 1989, Kanazawa. Abstracts]. PMID- 3241453 TI - [The simulation of the cardiac excitation propagation for the analysis of arrhythmias--analysis of the mechanism of re-entrant excitation propagation induced by electric shock]. PMID- 3241452 TI - [On a digitized recorder for ambulatory ECG systems]. PMID- 3241454 TI - [New method to estimate the maximum tubular reabsorption capacity]. PMID- 3241455 TI - [An experiment for lithotripsy with an expansive splitter capsule]. PMID- 3241456 TI - [Effects of cavities in the human skull on the inverse moving dipole solutions]. PMID- 3241457 TI - [On-line identification of the circulatory system driven by the left ventricular assist device]. PMID- 3241458 TI - [3-Dimensional reconstruction of whole heart from MRI data]. PMID- 3241459 TI - Production of a factor inhibiting tumor cell migration by spleen cells from tumor bearing mice. AB - A factor inhibiting tumor cell migration was found in the culture supernatants of spleen cells of BALB/c mice transplanted with sarcoma cells 20 days before or injected with killed sarcoma cells 14 days before, when the spleen cells were stimulated in vitro for 2 or 24 hr with a 3 M KCl extract of the sarcoma. This factor did not inhibit the migration of guinea-pig macrophages or of theophylline pretreated sarcoma cells. When the supernatants were fractioned on Sephadex G-100 columns, active fractions with molecular weights lower than 14,000 were distributed broadly. PMID- 3241460 TI - Occurrence of rickettsiosis of spotted fever group in Chiba Prefecture of Japan. AB - Acute- and convalescent-phase sera were obtained from a patient with suspected tsutsugamushi disease in July 1987, in Amatsukominato located in the southeastern area of Chiba Prefecture, and showed negative serologic reactions with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, while the convalescent-phase serum reacted positively with R. montana and a Japanese isolate of spotted fever group rickettsia at IgM and IgG titers of 1:320 and 1:640, respectively, in the indirect immunofluorescence test. These findings showed that a rickettsiosis of the spotted fever group occurred also in Chiba Prefecture like in the southeastern areas of Shikoku and Kyushu islands of Japan. PMID- 3241461 TI - On recovery from the postpsychotic collapse in schizophrenia. AB - First the author pointed out that the postpsychotic state, the state of decreased activity which emerges shortly after the disappearance of acute symptoms, had been regarded as an independent stage in the treatment process of schizophrenic breakdown. Then he presented the case of family therapy in which the patient was a 19-year-old university student with the postpsychotic collapse. The author observed interesting phenomena during the treatment in which the patient gave rise to the homosexual physical touch with his father when going to bed in the evening and making up nursery stories with his mother when getting up in the morning, consequently leading to the recovery of dreams with wishful fulfillment. This process was discussed from the point of view of the concept of transitional object (Winnicott) and the formation of symbol functioning (Bion). Finally the postpsychotic collapse was considered as a regression to primary narcissism. PMID- 3241462 TI - The perimenarche syndrome (a proposal). AB - We present here two cases with depression and obsessional symptoms, in which the patients were 11-year-old girls just prior to the advent of menarche. Their clinical picture was fairly different from the one which Deutsch, H., Jacobson, E. and Blos, P. described in their classical cases so far. In our cases the regression to preoedipal level was very prominent, that is, the rapprochement crisis-like state (Mahler, M.S.) with transitional objects such as stuffed animals and dolls (Winnicott, D.W.) was observed. It was believed that with such a background there were changes in the parent-child relationship in preadolescence which the premature physical growth among recent children had brought about, and changes in the concept of the mother and father which cultural vicissitudes had induced. It was also indicated that this kind of direct observation would contribute not only to the encouragement of the sound development in this period of life, but also the understanding and treatment of adolescent or adult cases. PMID- 3241463 TI - A new screening test for dementia. AB - The purpose of this study is to develop a new screening test for detecting the demented elderly in the early stage in communities. The test is easy to apply for consultation, guidance and care and is capable of administering differential diagnoses. Based on the 9 dementia rating scales used in Japan, Europe and the U.S., a new test was completed after investigating and modifying the design 5 times. The test consists of 20 items. This test was given to 203 subjects (59 males and 144 females) including normal elderly as well as those suspected of suffering from dementia. The internal consistency, reliability and validity were studied using clinical diagnoses (diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) and Karasawa's Criteria for Judging Senility), Hasegawa's Dementia Rating Scale and Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ) as external criteria. The present test was confirmed to have sufficient effectiveness as the screening test for dementia. PMID- 3241464 TI - Continuous observations of daytime EEG patterns in normal subjects under restrained conditions while sitting in armchair or on stool. Part 1. Sleep state. AB - While stabilizing both behavioral and environmental factors as far as possible, continuous EEG observations were made on the level of consciousness of 32 normal healthy subjects aged 19-23. The experiment started at 11 p.m. by obtaining the sleep record for each subject. After spontaneous awakening in the morning, each subject was requested to maintain the same posture while sitting in an armchair or on a stool until the end of the experiment, and was asked not to fall asleep in the daytime. The behaviors of each subject were continuously video-recorded throughout the period of the experiment. From inspection of the EEG records, simultaneous video monitoring and recording of the subjects' daytime behavior, and the subsequent data analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) The subjects had a strong tendency to fall asleep in the restrained armchair-sitting posture during the daytime. The EEG and video records of the subjects showed that sleep accounted for about 25-55% (average 37.6%) of the daytime period. 2) In 23 recordings of the subjects sitting in an armchair, 109 sleep blocks were observed, in comparison with 42 sleep blocks while sitting on a stool. On the basis of their characteristics, the sleep blocks could be divided into five categories. All the five types of sleep blocks were observed in the armchair sitting posture, but only NREM-REM and SOREMP types of a short duration were observed in the stool-sitting posture. SOREMPs were observed in the daytime in both postures. 3) The REM cycle found in nocturnal sleep did not appear in the daytime. However, another rhythm, a 4-hour waking-sleep cycle after spontaneous awakening, was observed. PMID- 3241465 TI - Continuous observations of daytime EEG patterns in normal subjects under restrained conditions while sitting in armchair or on stool. Part 2. Awake state. AB - While stabilizing (though not completely) both behavioral and environmental factors as far as possible, observations of continuous awake EEG patterns and corresponding behavioral states were made in order to investigate the level of vigilance for extended periods of time in the daytime. The subjects were requested to maintain a constant posture while sitting in an armchair or on a stool, and continuous polygraphic recordings and simultaneous TV monitoring of the subjects' behavior were carried out. Inspections of the EEG records, the rating of simultaneous behavior shown by the subjects and subsequent data analysis produced the following results: 1) From evaluations of EEGs, EOGs and EMG and ratings of the corresponding behavioral states carried out for every 30 second epoch, six types of awake EEG patterns and four types of behavioral states could be defined. There was a strong correlation between the awake EEG pattern and the behavioral state. 2) Regular 6.0-7.0 c/s theta wave trains predominantly in the frontal area were observed in 16 out of 24 normal subjects (67%) in an awake state. In the theta-appearance group, the relative abundance and mode of appearance of theta wave trains varied greatly both intra- and interindividually. The appearance of the theta wave trains was not related to drowsiness and was presumed to reflect the emotional activity under higher levels of vigilance in the subjects. PMID- 3241466 TI - Topographical displays of somatosensory evoked potentials. AB - The distribution of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) after stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist was examined in 10 normal subjects using isopotential maps. The latencies of continuous negative and positive peaks were measured in each lead. The differences of the potentials at these latencies were measured in all the leads and the isopotential maps were constructed. The distribution of P0-NI was all similar. The latencies of P0 were almost the same in all the leads at about 13 msec. The distribution of NI-PI-NII was divided into three types--N16-P20-N28 localized in the frontal region, N17-P22-N30 localized in the central region and N19-P25-N33 distributed in the parieto-occipito temporal regions. The distributions of NII-PII and PII-NIII were all similar, with high amplitudes in the central region. The latencies of PII and NIII were almost the same in all the leads at about 45 msec and 68 msec. PMID- 3241467 TI - Pathological findings of the sural nerve in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. AB - We examined the muscle and peripheral nerve of a 55-year-old woman with familial mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. In the gastrocnemius muscle, many ragged red fibers and mitochondria containing paracrystalline inclusions in those fibers were observed by light and electron microscopy, respectively. Histopathological studies of the sural nerve revealed a marked decrease in the number of large myelinated fibers. Electron microscopic studies showed an accumulation of glycogen particles and mitochondria containing abnormal, structurally obscure cristae in the Schwann cell cytoplasm. These results suggest that the cause of loss of the large myelinated fibers may be some disturbance of metabolism in the Schwann cells due to mitochondrial dysfunction. PMID- 3241468 TI - Effects of chronic treatment of methamphetamine and imipramine on amygdaloid seizure's generation. AB - We assessed the effects of chronic treatment of methamphetamine (1-2 mg/kg/day, i.p., 17 days) and imipramine (2-8 mg/kg/day, p.o., 17 days) on amygdala generating seizures using the kindling method induced by low-frequency electrical stimulations. The number of stimulating pulses required for the triggering of epileptic afterdischarge (pulse-number threshold: PNT) is the indicator of seizure generating threshold. A PNT elevation followed by its reduction occurred, compared to the pretreatment level, during a 2 mg/kg/day chronic methamphetamine treatment. A reduction in the PNT and triggered afterdischarge durations occurred during a chronic imipramine treatment. These results indicate that both methamphetamine and imipramine reduced the seizure generating threshold by repeated applications. It is suggested that this finding might be related to the psychoactive potency and associated neurochemical changes which are known to be caused by these drugs. PMID- 3241469 TI - The 9th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Biological Psychiatry. (Sapporo: May 8-9, 1987). Abstracts. PMID- 3241470 TI - Proceedings of the 7th annual meeting of the Japanese Committee for the International Diagnostic Criteria in Psychiatry (JCIDCP). November 7, 1987, Nagoya. Abstracts. PMID- 3241471 TI - Complex partial status epilepticus. PMID- 3241472 TI - Rational approaches to presurgical evaluation in uncontrollable epilepsies. PMID- 3241473 TI - Comprehensive management of children with epilepsy--from standpoint of a medical practitioner in children's hospital. PMID- 3241474 TI - Petit mal status--reappraisal and its clinical manifestation. PMID- 3241475 TI - A comparative study of absence status epilepticus between children and adults. AB - Based on the clinicoelectrographic data of 28 patients (14 children and 14 adults) with absence status epilepticus thoroughly documented by CCTV/EEG, it was found that there were significant differences between the children and adults. In childhood, absence status tended to occur in those who had experienced individual short-lived atypical absence seizures and also other types of generalized seizure. In contrast, there was a general tendency for absence status in adulthood to occur in females without individual absence seizure. With respect to the clinicoelectrographical manifestations, absence status with a decreased postural tone was prone to be associated with a more profound clouding of consciousness, whereas in those with myoclonic components there was a less profound clouding. The former was found solely in children while the latter was both in children and in adults. During absence status, the focal motor features with or without secondarily generalized convulsions were observed in 8 adult patients (57%). On the other hand, no focal motor manifestations were observed during absence status in children. Absence status is composed of two modalities: either a prolongation or repetition of absence seizures. It was demonstrated that, in children, either the prolongation or repetition of individual absence seizures developed into absence status. The short-lived absence was of an atypical nature, whereas in adults, absence status consisted of the prolongation of an absence seizure which occurred in patients with no experience of individual absence seizures. With respect to the drug treatment, antiabsence drugs had some effect in children, while none of the adult patients responded either to the antiabsence drugs or other antiepileptic drugs. The long-term seizure prognosis was not necessarily poor in children but invariably poor in adults. Four adult patients showed diffuse, but unilateral frontally accentuated asymmetrical paroxysmal activity during the status. Three of them showed initial localized spike-wave discharges in the unilateral frontal region followed by a generalized spike-wave rhythm. Furthermore, all of these 4 patients with focally accentuated ictal EEGs have shown partial motor seizures intermingled with absence status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3241476 TI - Nonconvulsive status epilepticus with continuous diffuse spike-and-wave discharges during sleep in childhood. AB - On three epileptic conditions with common characteristics of almost continuous diffuse spike-and-wave discharges during sleep in EEG, clinical and electroencephalographic studies were undertaken to elucidate their pathophysiologies and interrelationships; namely on five cases of epilepsy with electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES), seven cases of a peculiar type of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in childhood (PNSE) and three cases of atypical benign partial epilepsy (ABPE). The dominant seizure types were absences and/or GTC in ESES, whereas they were focal motor seizures in PNSE and ABPE with more focalized epileptic discharges on EEGs than those in ESES. All the three conditions showed both features of generalized and partial epilepsies, although the former features were more prominent in ESES and the latter in PNSE and ABPE. PMID- 3241477 TI - Nonconvulsive status epilepticus. PMID- 3241478 TI - The experience of using the proposed International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic syndromes--a participation in Rodin's Multiinstitutional Study. PMID- 3241479 TI - A twin study of febrile convulsions in the general population. AB - Seven monozygotic (MZ) and six dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs with febrile convulsions (FC) in the general population were studied. The pairwise concordance rate for FC in MZ 85.7% (6/7) was higher than that in DZ 16.7% (1/6). In a discordant MZ pair, the unaffected co-twin was attacked by epileptic seizures later. Between the concordant DZ twins, the clinical symptoms and EEGs differed in quality. According to the ratio of concordance rate in MZ to that in DZ 5.1, a multifactorial mode of inheritance for FC was suspected. PMID- 3241480 TI - Cognitive function during absence seizures. AB - One patient with frequent spike-waves in EEG was studied by a neuropsychological test. The spike-waves caused an obvious prolongation of cognitive processing. This delay was considered to be caused not only by motor inhibition but also by impaired cognitive function. PMID- 3241481 TI - Neonatal asphyxia and subsequent epilepsy--a prospective study. PMID- 3241482 TI - Experiences in chronic depth EEG recording of 23 cases with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 3241483 TI - The ability to work and employment situation for people with epilepsy. PMID- 3241484 TI - Influence of concurrent administration of carbamazepine on the plasma concentrations of clonazepam. PMID- 3241485 TI - Reexamination of the teratological effect of antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 3241486 TI - X-ray photodensitometric analysis of anticonvulsant-induced osteopathy. PMID- 3241487 TI - A 12-year-old boy with reflex exertion syncope due to breath-holding. PMID- 3241488 TI - MRI findings in early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst. PMID- 3241489 TI - Lidocaine for convulsion. PMID- 3241491 TI - Effects of unilateral ventral hippocampal lesion on amygdaloid kindling in cat. PMID- 3241490 TI - Ibotenic acid-induced hippocampal lesions and amygdaloid kindling in rats. PMID- 3241492 TI - The response alterations of hippocampal nonpyramidal cells during tetanic stimulation. PMID- 3241493 TI - Eye movements in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy--comparison with schizophrenics and normal controls. PMID- 3241494 TI - P300 in sphenoidal recordings and depth recordings in temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 3241496 TI - The 10th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Biological Psychiatry. (Kyoto: March 2526, 1988). Abstracts. PMID- 3241495 TI - Neuropathology of hippocampus of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 3241497 TI - Proceedings for the 13th meeting of the Japanese Society of Sleep Research. May 20-21, 1988, Nagoya. Abstracts. PMID- 3241498 TI - [The changes in lipid peroxides in platelet, thromboxane B2 and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in patients with primary lung cancer]. PMID- 3241499 TI - [A classification of crackles by the linear predictive coding method]. PMID- 3241500 TI - [Clinical studies on type III procollagen N terminal peptide and fibronectin in the sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in patients with various pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 3241501 TI - [Clinical usefulness of X-ray CT for diagnosis of emphysema as demonstrated by correlation with lung function and selective alveolobronchography]. PMID- 3241502 TI - [Two monoclonal antibodies, AMH-2 and AMH-3, reactive with alveolar macrophages and epithelioid cell granulomas]. PMID- 3241503 TI - [A monoclonal antibody reacting with squamous cellular tissues and application for cytological differential diagnosis of lung cancers]. PMID- 3241505 TI - [A study on assay method for fucose and sialic acid contents in sputum and serum of patients with lung diseases]. PMID- 3241504 TI - [The effect of smoking on dynamics of N-isopropyl I-123 P-iodoamphetamine (I 123IMP) in the lung]. PMID- 3241506 TI - [A case of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis, showing diffuse infiltrative shadows in bilateral lung fields]. PMID- 3241507 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3241508 TI - [Observation of eosinophil chemotactic activity in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia]. PMID- 3241509 TI - [The plasma kallikrein-kinin system in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax during rapid reexpansion]. PMID- 3241510 TI - [A morphometric study of hypertrophy of the bronchial smooth muscles and its distribution in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3241511 TI - [Effects of platelet activating factor on the bronchial musculature and vasculature in dogs]. PMID- 3241513 TI - [A case of pneumonitis due to latamoxef and tobramycin]. PMID- 3241514 TI - [Two cases of severe liver dysfunction (ischemic hepatopathy) associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease]. PMID- 3241512 TI - [Pulmonary edema fluid protein measurements in two cases of high altitude pulmonary edema]. PMID- 3241516 TI - [A case of primary influenzal pneumonia]. PMID- 3241515 TI - [A surgical case of lung cancer associated with giant bulla]. PMID- 3241517 TI - [Problems of science and humanism in medicine]. PMID- 3241518 TI - [Current concepts of the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 3241519 TI - [Value of early vitrectomy after penetrating injuries of the eyeball]. PMID- 3241520 TI - [Cryotherapy in hemorrhagic complications of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 3241521 TI - The effect of pilocarpine on the bovine eye uvea. PMID- 3241522 TI - [Studies of the mechanism of the effects of cryotherapy of experimental dendritic keratitis]. PMID- 3241523 TI - The differential diagnosis of inflammatory orbital pseudotumor. PMID- 3241524 TI - [Peripapillary vascular tumor. Clinical picture and diagnostic difficulties]. PMID- 3241525 TI - [Incidence and significance of coloboma of the optic disk]. PMID- 3241526 TI - [Effect of changes in binocular vision on the tridimensional perception of moving objects]. PMID- 3241527 TI - [Contrast sensitivity function of the visual system]. PMID- 3241528 TI - [Proceedings of the 16th Retinology Symposium. Poznan, 21-22 May 1987. I]. PMID- 3241529 TI - [The electroretinographic glare test in studies on isolated frog retina]. PMID- 3241530 TI - [Effect of ultrasonics on the electroretinogram of the isolated frog retina]. PMID- 3241531 TI - [Evaluation of various components of arachidonic acid metabolism of the subretinal fluid in aphakic eyes]. PMID- 3241532 TI - [Retinal detachment after a direct nonpenetrating injury of the eye]. PMID- 3241533 TI - [Retinal detachment of various etiologies. Clinical aspects and the results of surgical treatment]. PMID- 3241534 TI - [Anterior and posterior vitrectomy as a method of treating severe eye diseases]. PMID- 3241535 TI - [Retinal detachment in a single eye]. PMID- 3241536 TI - [Closed vitrectomy in our experience]. PMID- 3241537 TI - [The role of lensectomy and vitrectomy in the treatment of severe penetrating eye injuries]. PMID- 3241538 TI - [A typical congenital defect of the uvea]. PMID- 3241539 TI - Pupillary light reflex in healthy subjects. PMID- 3241540 TI - Stimulation of active oxygen formation by serum of patients with Graves' disease. PMID- 3241541 TI - Distribution of neural elements in collateral ligaments of the rat knee joint- light and electron microscopic studies using silver impregnation method and cholinesterase histochemistry. PMID- 3241542 TI - The management of the inebriated patient: preventing disruptive behaviour. PMID- 3241543 TI - Accreditation: the American experience--a salutary lesson. PMID- 3241544 TI - Community nursing and AIDS. PMID- 3241545 TI - Bacteriophage T4 resistant mutants of the plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora. AB - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been implied in a variety of pathogenic and symbiotic plant-bacterium interactions. In order to study the role of LPS in pathogenicity of Erwinia carotovora, a broad host range phytopathogen, we isolated LPS defective mutants of two subspecies of Erwinia carotovora, subsp. carotovora (Ecc) and subsp. astroseptica (Eca). This was accomplished by using the Escherichia coli phage T4 as a selective agent. Screening of Erwinia isolates revealed that some of them were sensitive to T4 and thus T4 could be employed in mutant isolation. Fully T4 resistant mutants were all shown to be defective in their LPS structure. Preliminary pathogenicity tests on tobacco did not, however, reveal any decrease in the virulence of the LPS defective strains. PMID- 3241546 TI - Hemagglutination by Staphylococcus saprophyticus and other coagulase-negative staphylococci. AB - Hemagglutination tests were performed to specify surface lectins (hemagglutinins) of four coagulase-negative staphylococcal species: S. saprophyticus (31 strains), S. epidermidis (5 strains), S. haemolyticus (3 strains), and S. warneri (3 strains). All strains of S. saprophyticus agglutinated sheep red blood cells (RBC) and the hemagglutination was inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) plus either N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc, 15 strains) or N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA, 16 strains). Those strains showing inhibition by GalNAc also agglutinated horse RBC while those inhibited by NANA agglutinated rabbit RBC. The former type was more common among urinary tract isolates (10/15) and the second one among respiratory isolates (9/14). The eleven strains of other staphylococci agglutinated rabbit (and not sheep or horse) RBC; this hemagglutination was never inhibited by GlcNAc but instead by NANA alone or together with another sugar (7 strains) or by other sugars (4 strains, 3 different patterns of inhibition). PMID- 3241547 TI - Ribosomes. PMID- 3241548 TI - Isolation and identification of RNA cross-links. PMID- 3241549 TI - Psoralen cross-linking of ribosomal RNA. AB - This method allows one to isolate helical interactions in RNA molecules under numerous conditions. The cross-linking of RNA with psoralen followed by isolation and sequencing of the cross-linked fragments is a powerful method for determining interactions within the RNA that elude chemical and enzymatic mapping techniques. With the data produced by this method and its variations, features of the secondary structure of the rRNAs have been confirmed and some long-range interactions have given insight into tertiary interactions within rRNAs. Limitations of the method include the specificity of the psoralen photoreaction. This limits the method described to those sites in the folded RNA molecule where psoralens photoreact best. PMID- 3241550 TI - Statistical image analysis of electron micrographs of ribosomal subunits. PMID- 3241551 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of ribosomal proteins. PMID- 3241552 TI - Analysis of 40S ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation during the mitogenic response. PMID- 3241553 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants with alterations in ribosomal protein L24 and isolation of intra- and extragenic suppressor mutants. PMID- 3241554 TI - Cloning and identification of ribosomal protein genes in chloroplast DNA. PMID- 3241555 TI - Electron microscopy studies of ribosomal RNA. PMID- 3241556 TI - Phylogenetic analysis using ribosomal RNA. PMID- 3241557 TI - Branched-chain amino acids. PMID- 3241558 TI - Assay of leucine 2,3-aminomutase. PMID- 3241559 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of (3R)- and (3S)-beta-leucine using Marfey's reagent. PMID- 3241560 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of alpha- and beta-leucine. PMID- 3241561 TI - Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of branched-chain 2 keto acids in biological samples. PMID- 3241562 TI - Assay of products of acetolactate synthase. PMID- 3241563 TI - Purification of branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase from pig heart. PMID- 3241564 TI - Determination of branched-chain 2-hydroxy and 2-keto acids by mass spectrometry. PMID- 3241565 TI - Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex from bovine kidney. PMID- 3241566 TI - Purification of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase and lipoamide dehydrogenase-valine from Pseudomonas. PMID- 3241567 TI - Measurement of plasma and tissue levels of branched-chain alpha-keto acids by gas liquid chromatography. PMID- 3241568 TI - Determination of methylmalonic acid in biological fluids by mass spectrometry. PMID- 3241569 TI - Use of rat hindquarter preparations in studies o branched-chain amino acid metabolism. PMID- 3241570 TI - Analysis of acyl-coenzyme A esters in biological samples. PMID- 3241571 TI - Determination of short-chain coenzyme A compounds by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3241572 TI - Preliminary studies on some coliphages from Kuwait. AB - Seasonal data for raw sewage indicated a higher concentration of bacteriophages in the warmer months compared with the cooler months. Regardless of the amount of phages in the raw sewage and the time of year the efficiency of removal was as high as 83-96% for effluent II and 93-98% for sludge II. Four major types of plaque sizes were identified as Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Although all isolates contained DNA, they showed variation in host range and heat sensitivity from 50 degrees C to 80 degrees C. PMID- 3241573 TI - Differential stability of filamentous phage genomes in Xanthomonas campestris pv citri. AB - Stability of carrier state in filamentous phage-infected Xanthomonas campestris pv citri varied drastically even for closely related phage types. The spontaneous curing frequency for cells infected with Cf16-12, Cf16, Cf16-v1 and Cf was 1, 5, 96 and 100%, respectively. The size of the phage replicative-form (RF) pool which built up rapidly at the onset of Cf16 infection was critical to the maintenance of the carrier state and the eventual integration of the prophage. A correlation in stability between phage carrier state in infected cells and lysogeny was found for these phages. The past history of a phage infection altered the response of the cured host to reinfection. In those cured cells which remained susceptible, the stability of the reinfecting phage genome was not altered appreciably, while a distinctive new plaque morphology appeared in greater than 50% of these cells. These alterations were not dependent on the prophage integration prior to curing, and no phage DNA was detected in cured cells by blot hybridisation. Notwithstanding these changes, the sites of phage integration in cured cells remained the same as the original infection on both the phage RF and the host chromosome. PMID- 3241574 TI - Isolation of multiple antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae from river water. AB - Water samples from the Monocacy River in Frederick County, Maryland, yielded twenty-four isolates which were resistant to tetracycline (TeR, 25 micrograms/ml). Although these organisms were not initially cultured on a coliform-selective medium, twenty-two of the isolates were Gram-negative and carriers of antibiotic resistance to five or more antibiotics; erythromycin, methicillin, novobiocin, penicillin and tetracycline. Of the isolates 45% were biochemically identified as Providencia stuartii; one isolate which contained a 29.4 kilobase plasmid carried the determinant for tetracycline resistance. PMID- 3241575 TI - Glaucium flavum Crantz. IV. Antimicrobial activity. AB - The extracts obtained from root, stem, leaf and fruit pericarps of Glaucium flavum showed antibacterial activity in an in vitro assay. The root extract was the most active against the Gram-positive bacteria which were investigated. PMID- 3241576 TI - Medical manpower needs by the year 2000. PMID- 3241578 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism--a clinical study. PMID- 3241577 TI - Pattern of lupus nephritis in Malaysia. PMID- 3241579 TI - Major lower limb amputations. PMID- 3241580 TI - Influence of maternal factors and sex of newborn on birthweight. PMID- 3241581 TI - Chronic dacryocystitis--a review of 50 cases in the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 3241582 TI - Common variable immunodeficiency (hypogammaglobulinemia) with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. PMID- 3241584 TI - A freak accidental injury to the spinal cord. PMID- 3241583 TI - A case of erythropoietic protoporphyria. PMID- 3241585 TI - Torulopsis glabrata in vaginitis. PMID- 3241586 TI - Acute pulmonary oedema during intravenous urography. PMID- 3241587 TI - Failed intubation in a case of oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia (Goldenhar's syndrome). PMID- 3241588 TI - Acute upper airways obstruction and pulmonary oedema--case reports. PMID- 3241589 TI - Cutaneous larva migrans--report of three probable cases. PMID- 3241590 TI - Aspirin and vascular disease--an update. PMID- 3241591 TI - Critique of article: "Prevalence and Distribution of Intestinal and Blood Parasites Among Ibans in the Nanga Atoi in the Second Division of Sarawak" (sic). By Neo CB, Cheah YK, Chin PW, et al. PMID- 3241592 TI - Towards safe motherhood in Malaysia. PMID- 3241593 TI - Epidemiological features of hepatitis B virus infection in Malaysians. PMID- 3241594 TI - Hepatitis B infection in multitransfused thalassaemics. PMID- 3241595 TI - Cardiac catheterisation and coronary angiography in a private hospital setting: the first 24 months at Subang Jaya Medical Centre. PMID- 3241597 TI - Malnutrition among Semai children. PMID- 3241596 TI - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as an initial investigation in dyspepsia--a Malaysian experience. PMID- 3241598 TI - Hereditary ovalocytosis in Malays. PMID- 3241599 TI - Procidentia--surgical management. PMID- 3241600 TI - The olivopontocerebellar atrophies. Report of 4 cases. PMID- 3241601 TI - Brain damage and plasticity (Part I). Proceedings from an international symposium. Kotor, Yugoslavia, June 2-5, 1988. PMID- 3241602 TI - Determinants of survival after forebrain ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. AB - Mongolian gerbils were exposed to 15 min of cerebral ischemia. Quantitative histology was used to establish neuronal damage in the CA1, CA2/3, and CA3 sectors of the hippocampus 2 weeks after the insult. Seven moribund animals were sacrificed earlier to examine whether there is a correlation between hippocampal damage and mortality. Surviving animals had a 86.6% loss of CA1 neurons. In the CA2/3 and CA3 sectors 62.7 and 72.6% of the neurons were preserved. Moribund animals had a further dramatic loss of nerve cells in these sectors, to 14.8 and 20.3%, respectively. The reduction of CA2/3 neurons and survival time were correlated. In addition, gerbils which would later become moribund were found to have a significant increase in plasma osmolarity from 319 to 342 mosm/liter and of hematocrit from 47.4 to 53.9 at day 4 after ischemia. PMID- 3241604 TI - Effect of ischemia on noradrenergic and energy-related metabolites in the cerebral cortex of young and adult gerbils. AB - Relationships between ischemic changes in the cerebral cortical content of energy and noradrenergic metabolites were evaluated in young and adult gerbils. Groups of 3-week- and 3-month-old gerbils were subjected to 5 or 15 min of bilateral carotid artery occlusion alone or with 1 hr of release. Ischemia of 5 and 15 min depleted energy-related metabolites but did not affect the content of either norepinephrine or homovanillic acid in young and adult gerbils. At 1 h of reflow, after 5 and 15 min of ischemia, the levels of norepinephrine significantly decreased, while those of homovanillic acid increased in the adult but not in the young gerbils. At this time a complete recovery of energy reserves was seen in both the young and the adult gerbils. These results indicate that the ischemic change in homeostasis of energy metabolism is not directly associated with that of the noradrenergic system in young and adult cerebral cortex. PMID- 3241603 TI - Protective effect of fasting upon cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury. AB - This study was designed to determine the effect of fasting upon cerebral hypoxic ischemic injury. In the first part of the study the effect of fasting was determined for survival, brain tissue water and kation contents, and blood-brain barrier integrity. In the second part of the study the administration of the substrates beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose has been evaluated regarding their influence upon the effect of fasting. The study used the Levine-Klein model of unilateral carotid occlusion and hypoxia because it mimics clinical situations of ischemia with hypoxia. The data show that fasting did protect rats from developing brain infarction following hypoxia-ischemia. Hypoglycemia seems to be involved in the mitigation of ischemic blood-brain barrier disruption. The plasma glucose level seems to be not the only factor involved in the genesis of the tissue kation changes. Starvation-induced ketosis probably does not play a role in the protection mechanism. PMID- 3241606 TI - Glutathione reductase during and after brain ischemia in gerbils. AB - The activity of glutathione reductase (GR) was measured in crude mitochondrial fraction isolated from cerebral cortex and basal ganglia of Mongolian gerbils subjected to bilateral carotid occlusion of various duration (1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min), or reflow (1, 24, and 96 hr) following ischemia (5 or 15 min). Ischemia up to 5 min does not induce changes in GR activity in either structure. Basal ganglia activity is halved at 10 min and cortical at 15 min of ischemia. In reflow, basal ganglia GR activity is diminished, while cortical GR is transiently reduced at day 1 of reflow. The persistent and profound decrease in GR activity in basal ganglia following ischemia is indicative of the lowered antioxidative capacity of these cells, being possibly related to their greater vulnerability toward ischemia. PMID- 3241605 TI - Delayed hypometabolism induced by bilateral ischemia in the gerbil: regional metabolic thresholds. AB - The common carotid arteries were occluded in gerbils for 5 min and the metabolic rate was estimated by measuring the loss of high-energy phosphate equivalents at 4 days of reperfusion in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Metabolites values at 4 days of reperfusion were not different from those of controls with the exception of glycogen, which was significantly elevated in the hippocampus. The metabolic rate, as determined by the "closed-box" method at 4 days of reflow, was decreased by more than 50% in all three regions after 5 min of bilateral ischemia. The ischemic time necessary to elicit the hypometabolic response at 4 days of reflow was 2, 3 and 4 min for the striatum, hippocampus, and cortex, respectively. It is suggested that delayed postischemic hypometabolism may be a component of an adaptive process which counteracts, to varying degrees, the deleterious effects of ischemia depending on the region examined. PMID- 3241608 TI - The effect of early postnatal hypoxia on the regional cerebral utilization of glucose in adult rats. AB - The purpose of this study was to establish if there are any later changes in the local cerebral energy metabolism after exposing 1-day-old rats for 5 days (10 hr daily) to hypobaric hypoxia (pO2 = 10.5 kPa). For this study the 2 [14C]deoxyglucose method for the determination of the regional utilization of glucose in the rat brain was employed. The results, obtained in 41 cerebral structures, show that rats subjected to an early postnatal hypoxia exhibit a significant decrease (-41%) 3 months later in the utilization of glucose in the CA, area of the hippocampus. This finding is a new one in the chain of several biochemical and behavioral changes observed in this experimental model. It is suggested that this finding could be useful in the search for a new therapeutic agent eventually able to alleviate the consequences of perinatal hypoxia. PMID- 3241607 TI - Polyamine metabolism in reversible cerebral ischemia of Mongolian gerbils. AB - Reversible cerebral ischemia was produced in Mongolian gerbils by occluding both common carotid arteries. Following 5 min of ischemia brains were recirculated for 8, 24, or 96 hr. At the end of the experiments tissue samples were taken from the cerebral cortex and CA1 subfield of the hippocampus for measuring putrescine content and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. In 5 of 10 animals subjected to 96 hr of recirculation pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) was injected during early recirculation, and the density of ischemic cell damage was determined in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus in treated and untreated animals. Reversible cerebral ischemia induced a drastic increase in ODC activity after 8 hr of recirculation (about 14-fold in the cortex and 7-fold in the hippocampus), which was markedly reduced following 24 hr of recirculation. Putrescine, in contrast, was high following 8 hr of recirculation and increased even further from 8 to 24 hr of recirculation. Postischemic pentobarbital treatment of animals significantly reduced both the increase in putrescine and the density of ischemic cell damage in the hippocampus. The results are discussed in view of the known activities of putrescine. PMID- 3241609 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of combined amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in acute odontostomatological pathology]. PMID- 3241610 TI - [Analgesic and anti-inflammatory treatment with sodium naproxen in odontostomatology]. PMID- 3241611 TI - [HIV infection and prevention in dental practice]. PMID- 3241612 TI - [Thumb or finger sucking in the development of dento-maxillo-facial malformations]. PMID- 3241613 TI - [Hypoplasia of the enamel and systemic pathology]. PMID- 3241614 TI - [Dental damage in nephropathic patients]. PMID- 3241615 TI - [Fluoridation of enamel in vitro using UV laser irradiation]. PMID- 3241616 TI - [Epidemiologic study on the content of some trace elements in saliva in relation to caries pathology during the developing age]. PMID- 3241617 TI - [Tomographic study of space relations in the temporo-mandibular joint]. PMID- 3241618 TI - [Muco-epidermoid carcinoma of the minor salivary glands. A case localized in the palate]. PMID- 3241619 TI - [Osteotomy of the superior maxilla according to Koele. Review of long-term results]. PMID- 3241620 TI - [Comparative analysis of clinical indications and cephalometry in orthognathic surgery. II]. PMID- 3241621 TI - Palindrome-hairpin linear plasmids possessing only a part of the ORF1 gene of the yeast killer plasmid pGKL1. AB - The yeast Kluyveromyces lactis harboring linear DNA plasmids pGKL1 and pGKL2 exhibits killer and killer-resistant phenotypes. Two new linear plasmids pK192L and pK192S were found in the weak killer mutant KUV192 induced by UV irradiation. pK192S was always accompanied by pK192L in subclones of KUV192. Both plasmids were derived from pGKL1 by deletion of the large right part of it. pK192L was 4.9 kb in size and had a palindromic structure consisting of 2.35 kb inverted terminal repetitions and a 215 base unique sequence. Analysis of denatured and renatured DNA strands suggested that pK192S was a hairpin-like form of pK192L. The pK192 plasmids were maintained only in cells haboring either pGKL1 or pGKL1Sin addition to pGKL2 and completed with pFKL1 or pGKL1S for their maintenance. Since no complete ORF1 was conserved in pK192 plasmids, these results lead to the conclusion that the ORF1 gene is necessary for the replication and/or maintenance of pGKL1. PMID- 3241622 TI - Characterization of genetic transformation in Streptococcus oralis NCTC 11427: expression of the pneumococcal amidase in S. oralis using a new shuttle vector. AB - We have worked out conditions for the study of competence development and genetic transformation in Streptococcus oralis NCTC 11427 (type strain), a species that contains choline in the cell wall. The peak of competence was found at the early exponential phase of growth and the optimal conditions for transformation were achieved with shuttle plasmids prepared from S. pneumoniae or from Escherichia coli serving as donor DNA. Transformation with dye-buoyant density gradient purified plasmid preparations followed first-order kinetics. The pneumococcal amidase can be expressed in S. oralis harbouring a plasmid carrying the lytA gene. This enzyme lysed the cell wall of the transformed cell in the presence of detergents. PMID- 3241623 TI - Identification and nucleotide sequence of the class E tet regulatory elements and operator and inducer binding of the encoded purified Tet repressor. AB - The regulatory region and repressor (tetRE) gene from the class E tetracycline resistance determinant previously isolated from Enterobacteriaceae have been identified and completely sequenced. The regulatory region is located between the resistance gene and the tetR gene which have opposite polarity. The tetR gene encodes a protein consisting of 211 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 23.6 kDa. Cloning of the tetR gene under transcriptional control of the lambda PL promoter leads to overexpression of a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 26 kDa. The purified protein binds sequence specifically to DNA fragments containing putative tet operators. This property is lost in the presence of tetracycline. The relationship of the tetRE sequence to four known tetracycline resistance determinants is discussed. PMID- 3241624 TI - Genetic engineering of Schizosaccharomyces pombe: a system for gene disruption and replacement using the ura4 gene as a selectable marker. AB - A system is described for gene disruption and replacement in Schizosaccharomyces pombe based on the homologous selectable marker, ura4, the structural gene for orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase. The presence of a single copy of the wild type gene can rescue a ura4 auxotrophic mutant. Furthermore, ura4- cells can be selected for in the presence of 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA). This allows a convenient means of selecting for both forward and backward mutations. The sequence of a 1.8 kb HindIII fragment which contains the functional gene is reported. It encodes a single open reading frame of 264 amino acids which shows considerable conservation with the orotidine-5'-phosphate (OMP) decarboxylases from other organisms. The ura4 transcript is approximately 850 nucleotides long. It begins 51 bp upstream of the protein coding sequence and is unusual in that transcription termination occurs at or very close to the translational stop codon. To facilitate the use of ura4 in gene disruption experiments we have also constructed a novel strain of S. pombe called ura4-D18, in which the 1.8 kb HindIII fragment has been deleted from the chromosome. Using a combination of this strain and vectors containing ura4 as a selectable marker, we present a general method for targeting recombination events to the chromosomal locus under investigation. PMID- 3241625 TI - Observations on integrative transformation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - Three different Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains have been transformed with a circular or linearized non-ars plasmid carrying the ura4+ gene as a selectable marker. The first strain shows full homology between the genomic ura4-294 gene (point mutation) and the marker gene on the plasmid. The second strain carries a 600 bp deletion (ura4-D6) that decreases homology between plasmid and chromosome. No homology remains in the third strain which has a complete deletion of the ura4 gene on the chromosome (ura4-D18). When sequence homology exists between transforming DNA and the chromosomal ura4 region, gene conversion is strongly preferred over integration of the circular plasmid. Reduction of the length of homology leads to a decrease of transformation frequencies, and homology dependent as well as a minority of homology independent integrations are observed. In the complete absence of homology two rare types of transformants are encountered: either the circular plasmid replicates autonomously, although it is devoid of an ars sequence, or alternatively the plasmid integrates into the genome at various positions. Transformation with plasmid cut within the coding region of ura4 can lead to tandemly arranged multiple integrations, when no homology exists between the free ends and the chromosome. The integrations occur at the ura4 locus, when homology is retained between plasmid and chromosome, and at various sites in the genome of the strain with a complete deletion of the ura4 gene. The results suggest that homology dependent events (conversion, integration) are strongly preferred in transformation of S. pombe with non-ars plasmids. In addition low frequency integration by illegitimate recombination is observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3241626 TI - Potent inhibition of cerebral aminopeptidases by carbaphethiol, a parenterally active compound. AB - We designed phethiol (1-amino-1-benzyl-2-mercaptoethane) as a potent and selective inhibitor of Zn-containing aminopeptidases. This compound inhibited purified aminopeptidase M (EC.3.4.11.2) with a Ki of 5 nM but was at least 1000 times less potent against other metallopeptidases comprising angiotensin converting enzyme EC 3.4.15.1), enkephalinase (EC 3.4.24.11), thermolysin (EC 3.4.24.4), or dipeptidylaminopeptidases. Phethiol alone significantly but partially protected endogenous (Met5) enkephalin released from depolarized brain slices, total protection being achieved when it was associated with an enkephalinase inhibitor. In order to obtain a parenterally-active inhibitor of cerebral aminopeptidases, the prodrug carbaphetiol, a readily hydrolyzable S phenylcarbamoyl derivative of phethiol, was designed. Carbaphethiol (i.v.) elicited a rapid rise in mouse striatal level of Tyr-Gly-Gly, a characteristic extracellular metabolite of enkephalins. Carbapethiol alone and, even more, when associated with an enkephalinase inhibitor, exerted a potent naloxone-reversible antinociceptive activity. Carbaphethiol appears as the first parenterally-active inhibitor of cerebral aminopeptidases, potentially useful in neuropeptides degradation studies and as a pain-suppressing agent. PMID- 3241627 TI - Characterization of [3H] CCK4 binding sites in mouse and rat brain. AB - We have investigated the possible occurrence of distinct CCK8 and CCK4 binding sites in the brain by comparing the binding characteristics of [3H] CCK4 to those of the CCK8 analogue, [3H] Boc (Nle28,31]CCK27-33 (BDNL-CCK7). [3H] CCK4 and [3H] BNDL-CCK7 were shown to interact with mouse brain membranes with very similar maximal binding capacities 31.7 +/- 2.1 fmol/mg prot (KD = 3.78 +/- 0.47 nM) and 38.9 +/- 2.2 fmol/mg prot (KD = 0.26 +/- 0.02 nM) respectively. The apparent affinities of five CCK analogues for the sites labelled by both probes were almost identical. Autoradiographic studies revealed that the distribution of [3H] CCK4 binding sites in rat forebrain was the same as that of [3H] BDNL-CCK7, with high densities of receptors in the cortex, nucleus accumbens, olfactory bulb and the medial striatum, moderate densities in the amygdala, the hippocampus, several nuclei of the thalamus and hypothalamus. However in the interpenduncular nucleus where there was moderate binding of [3H]BDNL-CCK7, no [3H]CCK4 labelling was observed. These studies demonstrated the occurrence of one class of high affinity binding sites for [3H] CCK4 in mouse and rat brain, with characteristics similar to those already reported with CCK33, CCK8 and pentagastrin probes. Nevertheless the presence of a small amount of very high affinity binding sites for [3H]CCK4 cannot be excluded. PMID- 3241628 TI - Interactions between angiotensin II and baclofen in shuttle-box and passive avoidance performance. AB - In experiments on male rats, we established that angiotensin-II (AT II) at a dose of 0.1 micrograms injected intracerebroventricularly immediately after training improved memory when retention tests (active and passive avoidance) were given 24 hours later. Baclofen at doses of 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally immediately after training also improved retention in both active and passive avoidance tasks. Baclofen at a dose of 20 mg/kg was without effect on active avoidance performance. Combination of AT II and baclofen (2, 5 and 10 mg/kg) facilitated memory in active avoidance as compared to controls, but impaired retention as compared to the AT II-treated group. The impairment of the AT II improved retention was stronger when the dose of baclofen in the combination was 20 ng/kg. Combination of AT II and baclofen (10 mg/kg) did not impair retention in passive avoidance. These data favor the view that GABA receptors may interfere with the AT II effects on memory consolidation or retention and that interactions of GABA (GABAA and GABAB) receptors with AT II receptors are of importance for memory processes. PMID- 3241629 TI - Remote pathological brain changes in rats following experimentally induced clinical death. PMID- 3241630 TI - Morphometric studies of the nerve fibers in corpus callosum of rats exposed to mild hypoxia. PMID- 3241631 TI - Morphological alterations of rat substantia nigra induced by short-lasting anoxia in vitro. PMID- 3241632 TI - On modification of the histopathological picture of multiple sclerosis in advanced age. PMID- 3241633 TI - [Dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity in the brain and adrenal glands of pt rabbits]. PMID- 3241634 TI - Effect of high ambient temperature on distribution of carbamazepine and its main metabolite 10,11-epoxy-carbamazepine in rat brain. PMID- 3241635 TI - A double-label study of efferent projections from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in goldfish and kelp bass. AB - The Edinger-Westphal nucleus in goldfish was identified by retrograde labeling from the ciliary ganglion. In the same animals a few neurons near this nucleus (perinuclear Edinger-Westphal neurons) were labeled by a different retrograde tracer injected into the cerebellum. No double-labeled cells were found. Similar results were obtained in kelp bass, except that in this species no cerebellar projecting perinuclear neurons were observed. Cerebellar-projecting Edinger Westphal neurons have previously been described in some mammals, but not in other vertebrates. Therefore the homology of cerebellar-projecting cells of the Edinger Westphal region in mammals and teleost fishes is doubtful. PMID- 3241636 TI - Schwann cells support extensive axonal growth into skeletal muscle implants in adult mouse brain. AB - The ability of striated muscle to support CNS axonal regeneration was tested by grafting pieces of the lateral rectus muscle of the orbit into the hippocampus or neocortex of adult inbred CBA mice. The mice were perfused with fixative 4-5 weeks after operation and ultrathin sections of the grafts examined by electron microscopy. Many axons were present in the grafts and some were traced into the surrounding brain tissue. Most axons were in contact with Schwann cells, or their processes, and both were often associated with basal lamina material left behind by degenerating muscle cells. A few axons and their accompanying Schwann cells were found in contact with the plasma membrane of muscle cells. Fenestrated capillaries were present in the grafts. It is suggested that Schwann cells form the substratum for axonal extension into muscle implants in the CNS, although other factors may contribute to the extensive axonal invasion of the tissue. PMID- 3241637 TI - Regional localization of the mRNA coding for the neuropeptide cholecystokinin in the rat brain studied by in situ hybridization. AB - The regional localization of mRNA coding for the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) has been studied in the rat brain by in situ hybridization using a 32P labelled synthetic 32 mer oligonucleotide. Autoradiograms were quantified using computer-assisted microdensitometry. High levels of hybridization were observed in the neocortex, claustrum, endopiriform nucleus, cingular cortex, amygdala, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, ventral tegmental area, geniculate nucleus, several thalamic nuclei and substantia nigra compacta. Very weak signal was detected in the striatum, the cerebellum and the brainstem. The topographic distribution of CCK neurons observed overlaps in part with that previously described by immunohistochemical techniques. However, some discrepancies were also found, particularly in the thalamus. These results show that in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes together with a semiquantitative method described can be used to map the expression of the CCK mRNA in rat brain sections as well as its modification after pharmacological or physiological manipulations. PMID- 3241638 TI - Survival of adenohypophyseal homologous transplants in the rat striatum associated with prolactin-like immunoreactivity in the surrounding neuropil of the striatum. AB - By means of Cresyl violet stainings and immunocytochemical studies on prolactin-, luteinizing hormone (LH)-, and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-like immunoreactivities evidence has been obtained that homologous adenohypophyseal transplants survive for many weeks in the rat neostriatum. Gland cells maintain their endocrine properties and appear to secrete prolactin but not ACTH and LH into the surrounding neuropil of the rat neostriatum, since it contains a strong diffuse prolactin-like immunoreactivity. The diffuse zone of prolactin-like immunoreactivity disappears following inhibition of prolactin secretion by the dopamine agonist bromocriptine. The results support the existence of volume transmission in brain and offer a model for its analysis. PMID- 3241639 TI - Is phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) contained in rat hypothalamic neurons? AB - Three polyclonal antisera raised against bovine adrenal phenylethanolamine-N methyltransferase (PNMT) were used to stain PNMT-containing neurons in rat medulla oblongata and hypothalamus. Without colchicine pretreatment all three antisera stained nerve fibres in both the medulla and hypothalamus and nerve cell bodies in the medulla only. In colchicine pretreated rats one antiserum only stained cell bodies in the hypothalamus as well. All staining was prevented by prior absorption of the antiserum with purified bovine PNMT. Thus, if PNMT is present in the rat hypothalamic neurons then it is not identical to the form of PNMT present in rat medullary neurons. PMID- 3241640 TI - N-linked oligosaccharides are not required for neuron-neuron interactions mediated by neural cell adhesion molecule. AB - Recent studies have described the role of various regions of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in cell-cell interactions. Monoclonal antibodies (L2/HNK 1) directed against a sulfated, glucuronic acid-containing, N-linked carbohydrate epitope have also been shown to inhibit NCAM-mediated neural cell adhesion. In the present study we show that dissociated retinal neurons in an in vitro model system can bind as well to normal NCAM as to NCAM lacking the L2/HNK-1 epitope or to glycopeptidase F-treated NCAM. These data suggest that N-linked oligosaccharide chains do not confer upon NCAM the adhesional properties associated with its role in neuron-neuron interactions. PMID- 3241641 TI - Direct retinal projections to the lateroposterior thalamic nucleus (LP) in the mole. AB - Direct retinothalamic projections in the mole, an animal with a highly reduced visual system, were studied after an intraocular injection of wheat germ agglutinated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Anterogradely labeled axon terminals were found not only in the dorsal and ventral nuclei of the lateral geniculate body but also in the lateroposterior nucleus on the side contralateral to the intraocular WGA-HRP injection. PMID- 3241642 TI - Morphological evidence for newly discovered double projection spinal neurons. AB - A novel population of spinal neurons is shown to terminate in two nuclei: the lateral cervical nucleus and the dorsal column nuclei. Nuclear yellow and Fast blue injected respectively into these nuclei are retrogradely transported to common neurons in the lumbosacral dorsal horn. The bifurcation of these neurons' axons appears to occur at the cervico-thoracic junction. These results indicate that some dorsal horn neurons transmit sensory information to two distinct nuclei. The two projections and their branching points may play a special role in neuronal communication. PMID- 3241643 TI - The vagal connection of the carotid sinus. AB - We applied wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) to the adventitia of the left carotid sinus of cats after tying the glossopharyngeal and the carotid sinus nerves. Forty-five to 255 neurons were labeled in the rostral pole of the nodose ganglion, through the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve. Transganglionic label was present only in the ipsilateral dorsal and medial subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii at levels nearly rostral to the area postrema. These findings show the existence of a novel pathway from the carotid sinus, projecting via the vagus nerve, to the nucleus tractus solitarii. PMID- 3241644 TI - Preamyloid deposits in the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease and nondemented individuals. AB - A polyclonal antibody to a 28 residue synthetic peptide, homologous to the NH2 terminal region of amyloid beta-protein, was employed in a study of the frontal and temporal cortex of 8 Alzheimer patients and 13 non-demented individuals aimed to define the relationship of immunolabelled to argyrophilic, congophilic and thioflavine S-positive cortical lesions. In Alzheimer patients, this antiserum labelled not only senile plaques and congophilic angiopathy, but also cortical deposits that were neither argyrophilic, congophilic nor thioflavine S-positive and were unrelated to degenerating neurites, tangle-bearing neurons or congophilic angiopathy. Similar lesions were observed in 4 of 13 non-demented individuals, in the absence of tangles, plaques or congophilic angiopathy, and in one in association with plaques. Such deposits might have been due to amyloid precursors still lacking the beta-pleated sheet molecular conformation responsible for amyloid tinctorial and optical properties. PMID- 3241645 TI - Intense non-quantal release of glutamate in an insect neuromuscular junction. AB - Large inward currents (tens of nanoamperes) were induced in voltage-clamped muscle fibres of blowfly larvae (Calliphora vicina) by inhibition of glutamate (Glu) uptake by means of substitution of sodium by lithium in the perfusion, or reduction of temperature from 23 to 10 degrees C. These currents appeared to be due to accumulation of (non-quantal) Glu in the synaptic cleft: (1) the amplitude of the current depended on desensitization to Glu, as it could be enhanced by concanavalin A pretreatment; (2) the current was inhibited by a specific blocker of Glu-activated channels, argiopin; (3) the current presented a power spectrum which was identical to the spectrum induced by glutamate application. It was shown the non-quantal release is not compensated by Glu uptake and under normal conditions (no lithium, room temperature) there was some Glu in the synaptic cleft, whose concentration was sufficient to induce significant current noise. PMID- 3241646 TI - Odor stimuli modulate retinal excitability in fish. AB - Recording electroretinograms (ERGs) of fish prior to olfactory stimulation and after application of odor substances to the nostrils revealed a modulatory effect by chemoreceptive afferents on retinal responsiveness. The b-wave amplitude was increased in animals previously stimulated with dissolved food extracts. It is suggested that this phenomenon is related to well known behavioral effects of chemoreceptive stimulation on visually guided postural control mechanisms. The result for the first time suggests a behaviorally significant function of efferent optic nerve fibers. PMID- 3241647 TI - Electrophysiological connections of neurons in ventral pallidal regions of the olfactory tubercle with the main olfactory bulb and piriform cortex. AB - Field potential and single unit recordings were used to assess the connections of the olfactory tubercle (OT) with the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and the piriform cortex (PC) in urethane-anesthetized rats. Current generators of depth profiles evoked in OT following MOB stimulation were localized 300 microns superficial to those elicited by PC shocks, suggesting that afferents from the MOB and PC end in different regions of the OT. Following MOB and PC stimulation antidromically invaded neurons were recorded in the ventral pallidal regions of the OT and in the vicinity of the islands of Calleja, respectively. These results demonstrate that the OT, which receives a monosynaptic input from the MOB, projects back to the bulb and that the PC seems to be also reciprocally linked with differentiated structures in the OT. PMID- 3241648 TI - Electrophysiological evidence for cholinoceptive neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus: studies on rat brain stem in vitro. AB - Electrophysiological studies were performed to determine whether or not cholinoceptive neurons are present in the rat medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) using brainstem slice preparations. Fifty-three MVN neurons, whose activities were extracellularly recorded, fired spikes spontaneously and regularly with an interspike interval of 180 +/- 27 ms (mean +/- S.E.M.) and a coefficient of variation of 0.11 +/- 0.02. Intracellularly recorded neurons also exhibited similar spontaneous and regular generation of action potentials. Carbachol dose dependently increased the spontaneous firing, although the firing rate was decreased in a few neurons. The addition of atropine reduced the firing rate, and dose-dependently attenuated the carbachol-induced excitation of the neurons. In a low Ca2+ and high Mg2+ medium, carbachol also increased the firing rate. These results indicate that the MVN contains neurons with spontaneous and regular firing, and that the excitability of these neurons is regulated by a cholinergic muscarinic mechanism. PMID- 3241649 TI - Rhythmic digastric activity in the naloxone-treated decerebrate rabbit pup. AB - In decerebrate rabbit pups (greater than 1 and less than 7 days postnatal), exhibiting a digastric reflex with a latency of 20-25 ms, the administration of naloxone was followed by depression of the 25 ms latency reflex and the appearance of rhythmic EMG activity (10-18 Hz) with a latency of 45-90 ms. Such a frequency is not consistent with the normal rhythms of feeding but may relate to tooth grinding behaviour. In contrast, spontaneous rhythmic activity occurring after naloxone had a lower frequency, consistent with the normal rhythm of feeding. PMID- 3241650 TI - Characteristics of tooth pulp-driven neurons in the posterior group of the cat thalamus. AB - This investigation was designed to determine the responses of neurons in the posterior group of nuclei (PO) to tooth pulp stimulation. Eighteen tooth pulp driven (TPD) neurons were recorded in 9 cats anesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane, 14 of them in the medial part (POM) and the remainder in the lateral part (POL) of the posterior nuclei. These TPD neurons also responded to non noxious tactile stimuli of the orofacial region of the body. Most TPD neurons responded with a short latency of less than 20 ms to tooth pulp stimulation (mean 13.5 +/- 5.9). The number of teeth having afferents to these neurons was 4-8 (mean 6.7 +/- 1.3). PMID- 3241651 TI - Longitudinal myelotomy of lumbar spinal cord has little effect on coordinated locomotor activities of bilateral hindlimbs of the chronic cats. AB - Phase relations between muscle activities of bilateral hindlimbs during walking were investigated in chronic cats whose spinal cord was longitudinally separated into halves in order to investigate if segmental commissural connections are essential for the coordination. EMGs were recorded from bilateral triceps brachii, bilateral vastus lateralis and one tibialis anterior muscles during overground locomotion. The results show that coordination between bilateral hindlimbs is well preserved after the longitudinal myelotomy of the lumbar cord, indicating structures located supra-lumbar cord are essentially important for the coordination. PMID- 3241652 TI - Neuronal activity of the supplementary motor area (SMA) during internally and externally triggered wrist movements. AB - The activity of neurones was recorded from the supplementary motor area (SMA) of monkeys while they were performing a discrete, arbitrary wrist movement. The cells responded similarly whether there was a triggering stimulus at the time of the movement or not. This experiment indicates that SMA neurones are active both in relation to externally triggered and internally initiated (voluntary) actions. PMID- 3241653 TI - Opioid inhibition of secretion from oxytocin and vasopressin nerve terminals following selective depletion of neurohypophysial catecholamines. AB - Opioids intrinsic to the neurohypophysis inhibit secretion from magnocellular neurosecretory terminals. This study examined whether the actions of opioids are mediated via interactions with neurohypophysial catecholamine systems. Blocking the action of intrinsic opioids in the isolated neurohypophysis with naloxone enhanced evoked secretion of oxytocin (OXT) by 150% and of vasopressin (AVP) by 30%. The enhancement of OXT secretion was not significantly altered in neurohypophyses depleted of greater than 90% of noradrenaline content by prior lesion of the ventral noradrenergic tract, or depleted of greater than 90% of both noradrenaline and dopamine content by prior reserpine treatment. Significant enhancement of AVP secretion by naloxone did not occur following depletion of catecholamines. The data suggest: (1) the majority of the influence of intrinsic opioids on secretion of OXT is not mediated via interaction with noradrenaline or dopamine systems, (2) the weaker influence of intrinsic opioids over AVP secretion may be mediated via catecholamines, (3) the majority of neurohypophysial noradrenaline is derived from projections of ascending medullary cell groups. PMID- 3241654 TI - Changes in the rat sleep-wake cycle produced by D,L-beta-(1-naphthyl)alanine, a tryptophan analog. AB - The effects of i.p. injections of D,L-beta-(1-naphthyl)alanine, a synthetic analog of tryptophan were tested on the rat sleep-waking cycle. Administration of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and a decrease in paradoxical sleep (PS). These modifications were dose dependent. These results were compared with those previously obtained with L tryptophan and several analogs and discussed in relation with possible changes in central serotonergic activity. PMID- 3241655 TI - Pertussis toxin attenuates clonidine inhibition of catecholamine release in adrenal chromaffin cells. AB - Characteristics of the inhibitory action of clonidine on catecholamine release in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells were investigated. Clonidine at 3 x 10(-5) M inhibited acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked release by about 50%, but not catecholamine release evoked by high K+. Another alpha 2-agonist alpha-methyladrenaline was ineffective at inhibiting ACh-evoked release. The inhibition by clonidine of ACh evoked release was not reversed by alpha 2-antagonists. Treatment of these cells with pertussis toxin reversed the inhibitory effect of clonidine, while it did not affect the inhibitory action of hexamethonium and of nifedipine. Therefore, clonidine inhibition of catecholamine release in these cells seems not to be mediated by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor, but might be mediated by a specific receptor for clonidine. PMID- 3241657 TI - Depolarizing actions of convulsant barbiturates on isolated rat dorsal root ganglion cells. AB - The actions of convulsant barbiturates were studied on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in vitro using intracellular recording techniques. Only the convulsant barbiturates (+)-DMBB and CHEB produced a concentration-dependent depression in the responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). All convulsant barbiturates were found to produce a direct depolarization of the DRG cell membrane which was accompanied by a decrease in the input resistance of the cell and a reduction in the orthodromic action potential. A sub-population of DRG cells were found to be refractory to these actions but there was no relationship between the cell type (A beta, A delta and C) and ability to respond to the convulsant barbiturates. PMID- 3241656 TI - Pertussis toxin pretreatment discriminates between pre- and postsynaptic actions of baclofen in rat dorsal raphe nucleus in vitro. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from rat dorsal raphe neurons in vitro. Baclofen (30 microM) and 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT, 300 nM to 1 microM) hyperpolarized these neurons by 10 and 13 mV, respectively. Depolarizing synaptic potentials (DSPs) were evoked by single shocks: baclofen reduced the amplitude of the DSP by 81%, but 5-CT reduced it by only 23%. The somatic response to iontophoretically applied glutamate pulses was reduced by 12% by baclofen, and 23% by 5-CT. In slices from rats pretreated with intracerebroventricular pertussis toxin (PTX), the ability of baclofen to reduce the DSP was almost unchanged, although the hyperpolarizing action of baclofen, and both actions of 5 CT were virtually eliminated. We conclude that it is possible to distinguish the pre- and postsynaptic actions of baclofen with PTX, and that the actions of 5-CT are both blocked. PMID- 3241658 TI - 2-Chloroadenosine prevents kainic acid-induced toxicity in rat striatum. AB - The stable adenosine analogue, 2-chloroadenosine was found to afford a dose dependent protection (effective dose range: 12.5-50 nmol) against the characteristic neurotoxic actions of kainic acid (2.2 nmol) in rat striatum. The two agents were co-injected directly into the striatum and the extent of the excitotoxin-induced lesion assessed two weeks later in 40 microns coronal sections stained with thionin, or by histochemical staining for NADPH-dependent diaphorase. These findings provide further information concerning the possible mechanism(s) underlying kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity and also yield an insight into a possible neuroprotective role for endogenous adenosine-like substances. PMID- 3241659 TI - Anticipatory neck muscle activity associated with rapid arm movements. AB - This study reveals the existence of a backward acceleration of the head prior to the onset of voluntary raising movements of the upper limb. This backward acceleration is produced by the displacement of the head-trunk as a whole. The anticipatory head movement is organized according to a sequence of activation and desactivation of the neck muscles, time locked with the anticipatory leg muscle activity. These findings highlight the existence of a complex postural behavior selected in advance of movement. It is proposed that the feedforward type of neural control of neck muscles should not be interpreted as a compensation to postural perturbation. This anticipatory process might play an important role in the widespread postural fixation of the cervical and dorsal spine. PMID- 3241660 TI - Dichotomizing unmyelinated afferents supplying pelvic viscera and perineum are rare in the sacral segments of the cat. AB - We have tested the hypothesis that referred pain of pelvic viscera is elicited by dichotomizing branches of unmyelinated primary afferents projecting via the pelvic nerve to the viscera and through the pudendal nerve to the perineum where pelvic pain is commonly referred to. Using neurophysiological techniques 588 unmyelinated single units projecting into either nerve were recorded in the ventral (n = 228) and dorsal (n = 360) root S2. In each sample only one neurone sent an axon into both nerves. Thus, dichotomizing afferents account for less than 0.5% of the afferent neurones and appear to be an unlikely explanation for referred pain in this body area. PMID- 3241661 TI - Binding of some organophosphorus compounds at adenosine receptors in guinea pig brain membranes. AB - The organophosphorus compounds, sarin, tabun and soman are known to be potent inhibitors of cholinesterase. It was claimed that these agents also interact at neurotransmitter receptor sites. We were unable to detect any interaction at the acetylcholine muscarinic sites; we now focus our attention on the adenosine receptors. Binding studies showed that all three anticholinesterases inhibited the binding of [3H]L-phenylisopropyladenosine ([3H]L-PIA) to the brain adenosine receptors in a dose-dependent manner until receptor concentration became limiting. Soman was found to be 5 and 9 times more effective than tabun and sarin respectively in inhibiting [3H]L-PIA binding. These results suggested that these organophosphorus anticholinesterases could interact directly at the A1 adenosine receptors which could subsequently mediate changes in K+ permeability of synaptic membranes. PMID- 3241662 TI - Acetylcholinesterase converts Met5-enkephalin-containing peptides to Met5 enkephalin. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; E.C. 3.1.1.7) was incubated with a number of enkephalin-containing neuropeptides found in the bovine adrenal medulla. Met5 enkephalin and Leu5-enkephalin were the most stable of the peptides studied, while precursors of Met5-enkephalin were converted to Met5-enkephalin. AChE is therefore capable of limited peptidase activity on Met5-enkephalin precursors. The enzyme hydrolysed the Met5-enkephalin precursor BAM-12P on the C-terminal side of the pair of basic amino acid residues, and cleaved basic amino acids from the carboxy-terminal of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6 and Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Arg7. These results indicate that AChE, acting alone, is capable of the same pattern of enkephalin processing as that observed in the adrenal medulla. PMID- 3241663 TI - The distribution of specific binding of the 5-HT3 receptor ligand [3H]GR65630 in rat brain using quantitative autoradiography. AB - We have examined the distribution of specific binding of the 5-HT3 receptor ligand [3H]GR65630 to rat brain using quantitative autoradiography. Brain tissue was frozen and thin sections (20 microns) cut. Slide-mounted tissue sections were incubated with [3H]GR65630 (0.2 nM) in the presence or absence of metoclopramide (30 microM, to define non-specific binding). After drying, sections were apposed to photographic film for 3 months. Films were quantified for radioactivity using image analysis. The highest level of specific binding was found in the area postrema (34.0 fmol/mg tissue). Specific binding was high in intermediate layers of the cortex, particularly the entorhinal, temporal and pyriform cortex (5.2-7.0 fmol/mg tissue). Amongst sub-cortical areas, binding was evident in the olfactory lobes, olfactory tubercle, hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (1.3-3.3 fmol/mg tissue). Specific binding was below measurable levels in other sub-cortical areas. PMID- 3241664 TI - Abnormalities in glucose and energy metabolism are more severe in the hippocampus than in cerebral cortex in postischemic recovery in aged rats. AB - After brain ischemia, dissimilar disturbances in morphology and energy metabolism have become evident in cortex and hippocampus the reason of which has not been completely elucidated as yet. Aged male Wistar rats underwent a 15 min complete cerebral ischemia induced by occlusion of the carotid and vertebral arteries and by hypovolemic hypotension. Thereafter, normotensive recirculation of the brain was established and the animals were allowed to recover for either 60 min, or 24 h, or 48 h, or 72 h, or 96 h. In cerebral cortex and hippocampus, the concentrations of glucose, lactate, and energy-rich compounds were measured by means of standard enzymatic methods. After ischemia, the ischemia induced metabolic abnormalities as measured as concentrations of glucose and lactate, and as energy-rich compounds normalized rapidly. After 48 and 72 h recirculation, a disturbance in glucose breakdown and an imbalance in energy metabolism became manifest in cerebral cortex, and even earlier (24 h) and longer (96 h), and more severe, in hippocampus. These changes may contribute to delayed neuronal damage and cell death in the areas studied. PMID- 3241665 TI - Serotonin releasers modulate reactivity of the rat hippocampus to afferent stimulation. AB - Electrical stimulation of the perforant path produces a characteristic population EPSP and population spike in the dentate gyrus of the anesthetized rat. Parenteral administration of a serotonin releasing drug D-fenfluramine (FFA) caused a marked (30-100%) and highly significant increase in dentate gyrus population spike response to perforant path stimulation without affecting the slope of the population excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). This indicates that FFA modifies granular cell excitability to afferent stimulation. The facilitatory effect of FFA was not present in rats depleted of serotonin following treatment with the synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) but was restored after restoration of serotonin synthesis with the precursor 5 hydroxytryptophan indicating that presence of serotonin in terminals is required for the action of FFA. PMID- 3241666 TI - Comparison of the oxytocin response to water-deprivation, hyperosmolarity and administration of morphine or naltrexone in lactating and virgin female rats. AB - In rats, lactation is accompanied by changes in the pattern of oxytocin (OXY) release associated with the onset of reflex milk ejection during suckling. The present study attempted to identify further differences between OXY release in virgin and lactating rats. Basal levels of plasma immunoreactive (ir)-OXY and the OXY responses to both water-deprivation and intraperitoneal administration of hypertonic saline were lower in lactating than in virgin female rats. Subcutaneous administration of morphine (0.01-10.0 mg/kg) was followed by a dose related reduction in plasma ir-OXY levels in virgin but not lactating rats. The OXY response to naltrexone (3 mg/kg) was similar in both types of animal. Lactation-associated changes in the control of metabolism and/or release of OXY may involve changes in neurohypophysial morphology but do not involve alteration of tonic endogenous opioid influences on OXY release. PMID- 3241667 TI - Free amino acids in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease. AB - To study free brain amino acids and their relation to dementia, the levels of glutamate, glutamate, asparagine, aspartate, glycine, taurine, homocarnosine and gamma-aminobutyric acid were determined in the temporal cortex and caudate nucleus in demented and non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease. In the temporal cortex, the levels of aspartate and asparagine were significantly increased in non-demented parkinsonian patients as compared both to demented patients and to controls. In the caudate nucleus no significant changes in amino acid levels were seen. Thus, the cortical and striatal glutamate/aspartate systems seem to be preserved in dementia in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3241668 TI - An antibody in the CSF of Parkinson's disease patients disappears following adrenal medulla transplantation. AB - CSF from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing autologous transplantation of adrenal medulla tissue into their lateral ventricle was examined for the presence of IgG. CSF from 6 of 7 patients incubated with rat brain tissue reacted immunocytochemically to neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental region. This reactivity gradually disappeared in the months following transplantation. Five of 6 CSF samples from non-transplanted PD patients also produced this immunocytochemical reactivity whereas 26 non-PD samples were immunonegative. Possible implications to the transplant procedure are discussed. PMID- 3241669 TI - Senile plaques are concentrated in the subicular region of the hippocampal formation in Alzheimer's disease. AB - The distribution of senile plaques within the hippocampal formation was examined at autopsy in the brains of 18 patients with Alzheimer's disease, ranging in age from 62 to 89 years. Wax sections were cut at the level of the central part of the cornu ammonis and stained by a silver impregnation method. Plaque surface density was determined in the stratum pyramidale of the presubiculum, subiculum, prosubiculum and CA1-4. Senile plaques were present in all 7 regions of the hippocampal formation. However, the number of senile plaques/mm2 was significantly greater in the subicular complex than in the cornu ammonis. There was no difference in plaque density between the individual regions of the subicular complex or between the 4 CA fields. PMID- 3241671 TI - Amino acid sequence similarity between Drosophila acetylcholinesterase and the active site region of trypsin. PMID- 3241670 TI - Mapping of estrogen receptor-producing cells in the rat brain by in situ hybridization. AB - The localization of cells which produce estrogen receptors in the rat central nervous system was performed using an in situ hybridization technique. For this, we used a synthetic oligonucleotide probe labeled with 35S complementary to the mRNA coding for a fragment (1-24) of estradiol receptor which is not common to the other steroid receptors so far characterized. Radioautography revealed that labeling was present in discrete brain areas. The results obtained with the in situ hybridization agree well with previous results obtained with other techniques. This approach should be very useful to study the effects of different factors on estrogen receptor gene expression in specific brain nuclei and individual neurons. PMID- 3241672 TI - Direct extracellular electrical stimulation influences density dependent aggregation of fetal rat cerebrocortical neurons in vitro. AB - Cells isolated from fetal (E17) rat cerebral cortex form aggregates in a density dependent manner. Direct current electrical stimulation influences the formation of neuronal aggregates by promoting neuronal survival at a calculated current density of 15 nA/cm2 (with an average calculated field strength of 1 microV/cm), and inhibiting neuronal survival at calculated current densities of both 1 nA/cm2 and 150 nA/cm2. Electrical stimulation had no observable effect on neuronal aggregation independent of its effect on cell survival. PMID- 3241673 TI - Direct neurotoxic effects of colchicine on cholinergic neurons in medial septum and striatum. AB - The mitotic/microtubule inhibitor, colchicine, is known to be neurotoxic to certain populations of neurons. We report here that a single intraventricular injection of colchicine exerts specific neurotoxic effects on cholinergic neurons while sparing GABAergic neurons in the medial septal nucleus and striatum. It is hypothesized that the colchicine-induced loss of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive neurons represents degeneration of the cholinergic neurons as a result of disruption of the retrograde axoplasmic transport of a neurotrophic factor. PMID- 3241674 TI - Hypoxic neuronal injury in vitro depends on extracellular glutamine. AB - Hypoxic neuronal injury (HNI) in cortical cell cultures was enhanced in a concentration-dependent fashion by the presence of 500 microM to 2 mM (EC50 about 500 microM) glutamine in the medium, concentrations approximating those normally present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Regardless of the glutamine concentration, glutamate receptor antagonists 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate or dextrorphan could substantially reduce HNI. Thus, the availability of extracellular glutamine could be a determinant of hypoxic neuronal injury in vivo, most likely reflecting its importance in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter excitotoxins glutamate and aspartate. PMID- 3241675 TI - Involvement of different receptors in the regulation of human posture. AB - Compensatory electromyographic (EMG) responses and several biomechanical parameters were studied following impulsive disturbance of the lower limbs during stance on a treadmill. Treadmill acceleration impulses were backwards or forwards directed, or their direction was inverted after 30 ms. Backwards directed impulses were followed by gastrocnemius and forwards directed ones by tibialis anterior EMG responses (latency 65-75 ms) whose duration depended on impulse duration. When the direction of the impulse was inverted, the respective antagonistic leg muscles were activated, with a delay of 68 to 75 ms after onset of stretch of these muscles. The behaviour of the EMG responses could best be correlated to the displacement at the ankle joint and may be described in terms of a stretch reflex response. The function of this stretch reflex mechanism is suggested to be connected with the control of the body's centre of gravity in order to prevent falling. Head movements induced by the impulses showed little correlation with the appearance of the EMG responses, suggesting that the vestibular system is unlikely to be significantly involved in the generation of these responses. PMID- 3241676 TI - Safe use of topical steroids. PMID- 3241677 TI - Notes on epidermolysis bullosa. PMID- 3241679 TI - Tracheal mucosal injury--the nurse's role. PMID- 3241678 TI - Psychological approaches to the treatment of skin diseases. PMID- 3241680 TI - Dealing with actual or threatened violence. PMID- 3241681 TI - Care of the hands. PMID- 3241682 TI - A ward sister's guide to a ward move. PMID- 3241683 TI - The effect of giving information to patients before surgery. PMID- 3241684 TI - Nurses' pay--what does the future hold? PMID- 3241686 TI - Nursing care of the homeless alcoholic. PMID- 3241685 TI - The role of the infection control nurse. PMID- 3241687 TI - The causes of drinking problems. PMID- 3241688 TI - Sudden death: aspects which incapacitate the carer. PMID- 3241689 TI - Triage in the UK. PMID- 3241690 TI - The role of the student nurse in the accident department. PMID- 3241691 TI - Opportunities for the accident and emergency nurse. PMID- 3241692 TI - Problem drinking among women. PMID- 3241693 TI - Back-to-nursing courses. PMID- 3241694 TI - The psychological aftermath of disasters. PMID- 3241695 TI - Nursing care of patients with eye injuries in A & E. PMID- 3241697 TI - Death and loss: it's hard to be optimistic after two miscarriages. PMID- 3241696 TI - The impact of miscarriage on women and their families. PMID- 3241698 TI - Death and loss: when life ends before it has started. PMID- 3241699 TI - Death and loss: the needs and support of relatives. PMID- 3241700 TI - Death of my father. PMID- 3241701 TI - The stress of communicating with seriously ill patients. PMID- 3241702 TI - Learning more about the care of dying people. PMID- 3241703 TI - Triage documentation. PMID- 3241704 TI - Results of cancer data survey. PMID- 3241705 TI - Helping patients come to terms with a terminal condition. PMID- 3241706 TI - Death and loss: hospice nursing. PMID- 3241707 TI - [The importance of outpatient care and job orientation in preventing late complications of corneal prosthesis]. PMID- 3241709 TI - [Outpatient care of children following cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation]. PMID- 3241708 TI - [The role of outpatient care in preventing complications in persons operated on for eye wounds]. PMID- 3241710 TI - [Outpatient care of patients following the laser discussion of secondary cataract]. PMID- 3241711 TI - [The importance of outpatient observation in preventing late recurrences following surgery of retinal detachment]. PMID- 3241712 TI - [The results of outpatient observation of patients who have undergone a cerclage operation with silicone-beaded thread in retinal detachment]. PMID- 3241713 TI - [The accommodative function in myopia]. PMID- 3241714 TI - [The optical adjustment of the eyes in 6- to 7-year-old children]. PMID- 3241715 TI - [Epidemiology of senile cataract in Ternopol Province]. PMID- 3241716 TI - [Revascularization operations in the treatment of patients with age-related central chorioretinal dystrophies]. PMID- 3241717 TI - [Local ischemia in the basin of the superficial temporal artery as a factor activating blood flow in the ophthalmic artery]. PMID- 3241718 TI - [The role of epithelialization of prolapsed membranes in the microsurgical treatment of corneoscleral eye wounds]. PMID- 3241720 TI - [Morphologic study of the process of scarring after trabeculectomy]. PMID- 3241719 TI - [Changes in the energy thresholds of laser coagulation of retinal tissues with patient age]. PMID- 3241721 TI - [Experimental morphologic changes in the retina caused by illumination from various light sources (fluorescent and incandescent lamps)]. PMID- 3241722 TI - [Basic trends in improving the work of a provincial pediatric eye hospital]. PMID- 3241724 TI - [Antibiotic dosages for parabulbar and intravitreal use]. PMID- 3241723 TI - [The "drops" symptom as a sign of miliary disseminated detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium]. PMID- 3241725 TI - [Outpatient care of patients with a history of acute vascular optic neuropathies]. PMID- 3241726 TI - [Anesthesiologic support for cataract extraction in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension]. PMID- 3241727 TI - [A recording ergograph based on the accommodation-convergence trainer]. PMID- 3241728 TI - [Ultrasonic capsulotomy]. PMID- 3241729 TI - [Modification of ophthalmologic electrocautery]. PMID- 3241730 TI - [A method of measuring the depth of the anterior chamber]. PMID- 3241731 TI - [Rolandic spikes as an electroencephalography manifestation of oligodendroglioma]. AB - A 10 5/12 year old boy was presented with seizures of uncertain origin on to the psychosomatic ward of our University Children's Hospital. The question and problem was the distinction of psychogenic versus epileptogenic origin (repeatedly performed EEG's had shown normal findings, the seizures did not response to anticonvulsive therapy). The exploration of a psychodynamic causes of the presenting problem was excluded by family therapeutic and psychoanalytical case history and psychodynamic interview. The first pathological finding was seen with registration of a long term EEG with typical findings of temporal central spikes and waves as seen in the benign rolandic-epilepsia. The following diagnostic considerations were discussed and differentiated. a) benign rolandi epilepsia b) malign rolandi epilepsia c) psychomotoric seizures d) rolandic spikes as symptomatic finding of a brain tumor. The definite diagnosis was finally confirmed by a cerebral computer-tomography which showed a large expensive process in the interferior right regio temporalis, which was identified histologically after operation as a oligodendrogliom grad-I. The tumor was removed successfully as a whole without any neurological defects. PMID- 3241732 TI - [Juvenile nonspecific spondylodiscitis]. AB - In the case of an 11-years old boy, diagnosis "Juvenile Spondylodiscitis" finally was established by MRI. X-Ray investigation was negative and bone scintigraphy was interpreted negative or not conclusive. In recently published studies using MRI for diagnosis of spondylodiscitis in children younger than six years, a typically MCR signal of involved disc and vertebral body was found at a stage of investigation when bone scintigraphy had already also been conclusive. In our case, the patient was a little bit older and may be because of this, scintigraphy was negative. The different vertebral blood perfusion situation of the older child seems to disadvantage scintigraphy to MRI in diagnosis of spondylodiscitis. PMID- 3241733 TI - [You make the diagnosis: methotrexate pneumonitis]. PMID- 3241734 TI - Test and teach. Number Fifty-eight. Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip with invasion of pelvic bone. PMID- 3241735 TI - Synovial involvement by Mycobacterium marinum. A histopathological study of 25 culture-proven cases. AB - The present culture-proven cases are contrary to the generally held view that infection with Mycobacterium marinum is habitually a superficial infection without potentially serious consequence. A wide spectrum of pathological lesions may be seen in the synovium and adjacent tissues in patients infected by M. marinum. Variations in the morphology of the inflammatory reaction occurs both between cases and, to a lesser extent, in different areas of individual cases. The inflammation ranges from the common non-specific diffuse form, to lesser areas of focal non-caseating lesions, to rarer focal caseating types of granulomatous reaction, and can include an acute inflammatory cell component. Fibrinous exudate on the synovial surface is a recurrent feature and is often the site harbouring most acid-fast bacilli. The variation of inflammatory reaction with time and the possible effects of local steroid injection are discussed. PMID- 3241736 TI - An evaluation of a rapid latex test for the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea. AB - We present here the results of an evaluation of a rapid latex test for detection of Cl. stridium difficile-associated in comparison with our standard cytotoxin assay and culture for C. difficile. Some 515 diarrheal stools were examined. C. difficile was cultured from 70 specimens (13.5%); 53 specimens (10.2%) were positive with the latex test, and 50 (9.6%) by cytotoxin assay. The latex test did not differ significantly from the cytotoxin assay in sensitivity or specificity compared to culture results. There was also no significant difference in the specificity of the latex test compared to cytotoxin assay in patients in whom the diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea was negative. Positive and negative predictive values of the latex test for C. difficile-associated diarrhea were similar to those of cytotoxin assay. The latex test thus appears to be a rapid and practical test for the laboratory diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea. To optimize specificity and sensitivity its use should be restricted to patients where the diagnosis is strongly suspected and a rapid answer is required. As it does not distinguish between toxigenic virulent C. difficile strains and non-toxigenic avirulent strains, it would seem prudent to confirm positive results subsequently by demonstrating in-vivo or in-vitro cytotoxin production. PMID- 3241737 TI - Clinching the diagnosis: macrocytic anemia. AB - Macrocytosis is a common laboratory finding. Whether this change requires further attention is dictated by clinical circumstances and concomitant cytopenias or aberrant erythrocyte and leukocyte morphology. The utility of these changes for dictating further investigation and the appropriate "modus operandi" in diagnostic strategies for the adult and the younger patient are outlined. PMID- 3241738 TI - Amniotic fluid embolism: fatal case confirmed at autopsy five weeks after delivery. AB - A 28-year-old woman died 36 days after an episode of shock followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation clinically thought to be due to amniotic fluid embolism (AFE). At necropsy squames could be still be identified in an infarcted area of lung and the clinical diagnosis proved. PMID- 3241739 TI - Computerised data reduction. AB - The use of personal computers in accountancy and business generally has been stimulated by the availability of flexible software packages. We describe the implementation of a commercial software package designed for interfacing with laboratory instruments and highlight the ease with which it can be implemented, without the need for specialist computer programming staff. PMID- 3241740 TI - Flaws in the lipid hypothesis of atherogenesis. PMID- 3241741 TI - Ultrastructural immuno-gold localization of immune deposits in human renal biopsies. PMID- 3241742 TI - Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by latex agglutination--reply. PMID- 3241744 TI - Nurses: sheet anchor of health care delivery system. PMID- 3241743 TI - Blood culture collection techniques and bacterial contamination. PMID- 3241745 TI - XIII SNA biennial (Diamond Jubilee) conference. PMID- 3241746 TI - Nursing services in India. An urgent need for reorganisation in view of the goal: health for all by 2000 A.D. PMID- 3241747 TI - Specialisation in nursing. PMID- 3241748 TI - Drug addiction: causes and prevention. PMID- 3241749 TI - [Therapy of lower urinary tract infections in children]. AB - Infection of the urinary tract has been described for nearly two centuries, yet the diagnosis, localization of infection, outcome, and management of UTI continue to generate significant problems. The two basic aims of treatment of UTI are the relief of symptoms and the prevention, or at least limitation, of damage to the renal parenchyma. The initial choice of an antimicrobial in the patient with a suspected UTI is based on knowledge of the expected organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibilities. The spectrum of urinary pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in our geographical area are presented. Moreover therapeutic regimens in the treatment of upper and lower UTI are discussed. PMID- 3241750 TI - [Criteria for selecting antibacterial drugs for use in newborn infants]. AB - During the last years many advancements have been made in the field of clinical pharmacology. Nowadays we have a better understanding of the factors influencing absorption, distribution and elimination of antibacterial drugs in the newborn. However many problems have not been faced yet; of primary importance are earliness and aiming of therapy. Much has been written about the use of hematologic screening tests for an early diagnosis of sepsis and the use of tests for a rapid etiologic diagnosis. This is probably the result not only of the commonly encountered difficulty in making a clinical diagnosis of sepsis (based on clinical findings that are often insidious and aspecific) but also of the implications concerning either a "non-diagnosis" or a large use of antibacterial drugs. The choice of an appropriate antibacterial therapy in the newborn with sepsis implies a careful interpretation of the data concerning: 1) bacterial epidemiology and 2) sensitivity towards drugs of the bacterial most commonly identified in sepsis. For that purpose, it is important to distinguish between early and late sepsis and between the etiological agents more frequently responsible for the first and those for the later. Moreover it is important to consider the role of rapid tests in the etiological diagnosis, as a guide to the modification of the initial empirical therapy. PMID- 3241751 TI - [Correlation of prick tests, RAST and food challenge tests in atopic dermatitis]. AB - Prick skin allergometry is actually accepted as the best test for the diagnosis of allergic disease, being reliable and not invasive. Nevertheless questions about it use in children have been put forward. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness and the reliability of prick and Rast tests for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis due to food allergy. The correlations between Prick and Rast have been studied as well as their relation to the food challenge test. Prick and Rast tests results overlay in almost all cases, while in only 25% of cases there has been copositivity between Prick & Rast and the food challenge. This finding confirms that the pathogenetic mechanism involved in A.D. due to food allergy is not only IgE mediated, but it may also require alternative immunoreactions. Although the prick test is a simple, cheap and reliable method, the diagnosis of food allergy cannot rely solely on it. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach to food allergy borne A.D. is based upon elimination diet and food challenges. PMID- 3241752 TI - [Long-term prognosis in monosymptomatic microscopic hematuria]. AB - A group of 210 children, aged one to twelve years (86 males and 124 females) were sent to our Clinic with the diagnosis of microscopic hematuria. Twelve children in which microhematuria wasn't confirmed were immediately excluded; thirty children were excluded because they showed pathologic findings. The remaining 168 children were put under diagnostic examination (hematologic exams, urinoculture, abdomen radiographic, family screening). The cause of microhematuria was identified in 52 of them. The group was selected down to 116 who were then monitored for a period ranging from 1 to 9 years with periodical clinical and biohumoral controls and with diagnostic exams. Biopsies were performed only in 16 cases in which a nephropathy was suspected. Nine cases presented significant histological lesions. Seventy five children were subjected to observation for a period of over one year. After few years hematuria gradually disappeared in twenty six children. After nine years microhematuria had disappeared spontaneously in 39.9% of cases. It remained in core of 33.6% of case, for which no cause could be found. With reference to the full group of 168 children, the following pathologies have been found responsible of microhematuria: a) urinary way infections: 25 cases (14.8%) b) nephropathies: 16 cases (9.5%) c) familiar hematurias: 14 cases (8.3%) d) lithiasis: 9 cases (5.3%) e) alteration of the coagulation system: 3 cases (1.8%) f) renal hypercalciuria without lithiasis: 3 cases (1.8%) Based on these observation, we believe that careful waiting is the best tactic in the cases of monosymptomatic microhematuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3241753 TI - [Monitoring of phenobarbital use during the neonatal period by means of urinalysis]. AB - Monitoring of blood barbiturate level was performed in 32 term newborns, who received 6 mg/Kg/die phenobarbital (PB), by assaying blood and urine samples. Cases were grouped according to duration of treatment which varied following multiples of 12 hours from 16 to 100 hours. Serum and urine PB assay was conducted through immunological percentage nephelometric inhibition. Plasma and urine PB levels within each group were significantly correlated (r = 0.8826; p less than 0.001), indicating that, if PB treatment is given without variations in dosage and if diuresis is not impaired, blood barbiturate level may be monitored through urine assays. PMID- 3241754 TI - [Norms for serum prealbumin in newborn infants]. AB - Serum prealbumin (TPBA) was assayed at birth in 32 healthy term newborns using immunoprecipitation evaluated with kinetic nephelometry. PMID- 3241756 TI - [Treatment of infectious bronchopneumopathies in children with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid]. PMID- 3241755 TI - [Audiologic evaluation of patients with thalassemic syndromes treated with desferrioxamine B]. AB - Following various articles in literature which have appeared in the last 3 years regarding the neurotoxicity of desferrioxamine B we studied, from the auditory functionality point of view, 95 patients affected with transfusion-dependent thalassemic syndromes, under regular chelation treatment with desferrioxamine B. Our results lead us to conclude that at standard doses, between 40 and 60 mg/Kg/day, desferrioxamine B does not demonstrate a neurotoxicity enough to cause an organic deficit in the auditory sphere, while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 3241757 TI - [Inflammatory pseudotumor as a cause of obstructive jaundice. Report of a case in a child]. AB - Inflammatory pseudotumor involving the common bile duct, is a very rare event. The Authors were able to observe such a case in a 10 year old boy and report here the peculiar clinical findings. PMID- 3241758 TI - [A case of 9p partial monosomy caused by paternal translocation. Clinical and cytogenetic aspects]. AB - The authors describe a case of partial monosomy 9p in a newborn infant, with breakpoint in the region p221, due to a father's balanced translocation with karyotype 46 XY t(9;16)(p221;q224). The phenotypical features of our patient reproduce those reported in other 35 cases described up to now in the literature: trigonocephaly, upward slanting palpebral fistures, little and horizontal mouth, disproportionally long fingers and toes. Some peculiar clinical and cytogenetical features of the case are discussed, particularly the early closure of the sternal body ossification centers (already detected during the prenatal life), the partial agenesia of the splenium corporis callosi and the partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. The Authors point out the importance of an early diagnosis, based on the awareness to the clinical abnormalities and dysmorphisms, in order to provide for an adequate and opportune genetic counseling. PMID- 3241759 TI - [Pulmonary calcification in vitamin D poisoning in an infant]. AB - We describe the case of a child aged 11 months with vitamin D intoxication and hypercalcemia, who developed acute renal failure and dyspnea. Chest X-rays showed interstitial changes compatible with either pulmonary alveolar proteinosis or pulmonary edema. The hypercalcemia suggested the possibility of metastatic calcifications of the lung. This hypothesis was subsequently confirmed by the progressive disappearance of pulmonary findings as calcemic levels returned to normal values... Our report emphasize the opportunity of studying the respiratory system in each patient with hypercalcemia, whichever the etiology may be. PMID- 3241761 TI - [Effect of iron-fortified food on the status of iron balance in children]. PMID- 3241760 TI - [Giardiasis: a clinical case with rare symptomatology]. AB - We reported a clinical case of a child with Giardiasis whose clinical symptoms show some common aspects (acute diarrhea, abdominal pain) with others less known (irido-keratoconjunctivitis) or even rare (acute interstitial nephritis). PMID- 3241762 TI - [Prevention and treatment of anemia in children with an iron-rich diet]. PMID- 3241763 TI - The effect of methylxanthines on morphine analgesia in mice and rats. AB - The influence of various doses of caffeine and theophylline on analgesic effect of morphine was tested in mice and rats in the hot plate and tail immersion tests. Caffeine in rats potentiated the morphine analgesia in both tests in a dose-dependent manner. In mice the caffeine-morphine interaction was biphasic: lower caffeine doses (10 and 25 mg/kg) inhibited, while higher (75 and 100 mg/kg) potentiated the analgesic effects of morphine. Theophylline interacted with morphine in a manner similar to that of caffeine. PMID- 3241764 TI - Cardiovascular action of a new carbenoxolone derivative. AB - The circulatory effects of oleanoic acid sodium hydrogen succinate (OSS), an analogue of the anti-ulcer drug, carbenoxolone, were investigated. As carbenoxolone produces such adverse effects as sodium retention and a subsequent elevation of the arterial blood pressure in man, the present study was aimed at determining whether OSS is similar or different from it in this respect. Carbenoxolone, (43,3 mg/kg po) and OSS (66,6 mg/kg po) were given to rats twice daily for 4 weeks. The systolic blood pressure was elevated already after the first week of treatment. The hypertension was accompanied by bradycardia, which increased with the time of treatment. In the blood an increase in the creatinine level, a decrease in the urea level, and a slight elevation in sodium concentration were found after the treatment, while the potassium concentration during the whole treatment period (4 weeks) remained unchanged. Although the principal aldosterone-like effects of carbenoxolone were attributed to the oxygen presence in position 11 of the glycyrrhetinic acid ring, [8], the absence of an oxygen at that position in OSS did not cause the loss of the adverse circulatory effect. PMID- 3241765 TI - The effect of ethanol on some serotonergic mechanisms in rat blood platelets. AB - Under in vitro conditions ethanol inhibits the uptake and enhances release of [14C]-5HT from rat blood platelets. Similar results were obtained in blood platelets isolated from the blood rats receiving 2 g/kg ethanol. Ethanol decreased also the 5-HT content in the blood platelets. It inhibited the aggregation of blood platelets but did not change the potentiating action of 5-HT on ADP-induced aggregation. The results indicate that ethanol by its action on the transport mechanisms in blood platelets may elevate the level of free 5-HT in the blood plasma, in this manner potentiating the action of the amine in the circulatory system. PMID- 3241766 TI - Effect of repeated administration of antidepressant drugs on the isoprenaline induced drinking in rats. AB - The effect of acute (single dose) and repeated (twice daily, for 21 days) administration of imipramine, amitriptyline, citalopram, mianserin and rolipram (the latter drug in a dose of 5 mg/kg po, all the other drugs in a dose of 10 mg/kg po) on drinking induced by isoprenaline (50 micrograms intracerebroventricularly (icv), 2 h after the single dose, 2 and 72 h after the last does of the antidepressants) was studied in rats. It was found that repeated, but not acute, treatment with imipramine, amitriptyline and rolipram significantly reduced the response to isoprenaline. The effect of amitriptyline and rolipram was observed 2 and 72 h after their last administration, while that of imipramine only 72 h after its last dose. Citalopram and mianserin were ineffective after both acute and repeated administration. PMID- 3241767 TI - Sulfadimidine kinetics in patients with various chronic liver diseases. AB - Biotransformation and elimination of sulfonamides in healthy volunteers and patients with five various groups of chronic liver diseases was investigated with administration of sulfadimidine as testmaterial. Metabolic and kinetic parameters were estimated after intravenous and oral administration of the testmaterial in the same patients. The aim of study was to get an indirect information about the detoxication and elimination of drugs with elimination by acetylating reaction. Distribution of slow and fast acetylators showed an other ratio in patients than in the normal control; acetylating ability progressively decreased with the severity of liver diseases. Connection of kinetic and metabolic parameters seems to be the same in the patients as in the normal controls, however, kinetics of sulfonamides will be influenced in patients with liver diseases by the changed hemodynamic factors and by the elevated serum bilirubin level too. The mean conclusion is that dosage of drugs with elimination by acetylating reaction needs precaution in patients with liver diseases. PMID- 3241768 TI - Stability and variability of locomotor responses of laboratory rodents. IV. The responses of rats and mice to apomorphine and amphetamine. AB - Both apomorphine and amphetamine produce hypermotility in mice and rats previously adapted to the measuring apparatus. The amphetamine hypermotility, induced by 1.5 mg/kg ip of the drug, began to develop after 20 min and lasted for over 1 h. The response was similar in animals tested at various times of the year. In the investigated populations approx. 20% of rats were very highly stimulated, and approx. 15% did not respond with hypermotility. The individual response was a stable feature of a given rat, as the correlation of results of subsequent tests was significant. Apomorphine (1 mg/kg sc) stimulates the locomotor activity of the rat immediately after the injection. The seasonal variability of response was high. The results of subsequent tests were correlated. The differences between animals were less distinct than those observed after amphetamine. In mice hypermotility induced by apomorphine (1 mg/kg sc) began to evolve after 10 min, the amphetamine hypermotility - after 40 min. There exist subpopulations reacting very strongly to either of the drug. The responses in subsequent tests were well correlated. In mice the second injection of amphetamine (after 4 days) produced a much higher locomotor response than the first injection, while in all other cases (apomorphine in mice, both dopaminomimetics in rats) the magnitude of responses in subsequent tests was similar. No correlations between the type of responses to the drugs and characteristics of central catecholaminergic receptors were found. PMID- 3241769 TI - Release of protein bound sialic acid from fibrosarcoma cells after cis dichlorodiammine platinum (II) treatment: the possible role in tumor regression. AB - Cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) (cisplatin) has been successfully used in experimental immunotherapy of syngeneic transplantable fibrosarcoma in mice. Incubation of fibrosarcoma cells with cisplatin in vitro causes release of sialic acid from tumor cells. The estimation of sialic acid in the supernatant have shown a difference in the release of sialic acid from the tumor cells with different concentrations of cisplatin. The removal of sialic acid from fibrosarcoma cells after cisplatin treatment suggests a possible exposure of certain antigenic sites on the tumor cell surfaces. Such membrane changes may be responsible for the increased antigenicity of fibrosarcoma cells. PMID- 3241770 TI - Opiate-like peptides. Part XI. 2-[2-phenyl-1,3-indandionyl]--amides of enkephalin analogs. Synthesis and analgesic activity. AB - Four enkephalin analogs containing C-terminal 2-amino-2-phenyl-1,3-indandione residue were prepared: [Met-NHPID5]--enkephalin (E3), [D-Ala2,Met-NHPID5]- enkephalin (E4), [Leu-NHPID5]--enkephalin (E5), [D-Ala2,Leu-NHPID5]--enkephalin (E6). Their analgesic activities were assayed by three in vivo tests: the "hot plate" method, the reaction to electric painful stimulus and the writhing syndrome test. Neurotoxicity effects were determined by the rota-rod test. The most pronounced analgesic effect was induced by compounds with D-Ala in position 2, particularly in the "hot plate" test. PMID- 3241772 TI - The effect of some 8-aminoalkanol derivatives of theophylline on cardiovascular system. AB - Novel 7,8-disubstituted theophyllines 1-6a, with chiral or achiral moiety of 1,2 aminoalcohol in position 8, were obtained as the compounds with expected activity on circulation. Preliminary evaluation of their antiarrhythmic activity and the effect on the cardiovascular system was carried out. The antiarrhythmic activity similar to that of quinidine (with ca. 20 times lower toxicity) was found only for racemic 7-beta-hydroxyethyl-8-(1'-hydroxybut-2'-yl) aminotheophylline 1 and its enantiomers 2, 3 which did not differ markedly in their efficacy. The compounds with the hydroxyethyl moiety in position 7 of theophylline (1-3, 5) showed the hypotensive effect. PMID- 3241771 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological screening of some new triazoles. AB - 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid hydrazide (1) treated with substituted phenyl isothiocyanates (2a-2d) in dry benzene yields N'-aryl-N4-(3,5-dinitrophenyl) thiosemicarbazides (3-6), which cyclizes in NaOH solution yielding 1-aryl-5-(3,5 dinitrophenyl)-2-mercapto-1,3,4-triazoles (7-10). The reaction of the appropriate 7-10 respectively with chloroacetic acid and 4-chlorobenzoic acid in NaOH solution gave 1-aryl-5-(3.5-dinitrophenyl)-2-mercapto methyl/phenyl carboxy-1,3,4 triazoles (11-18). All the compounds were found to be relatively non toxic (ALD greater than 1000 mg/kg), whereas in their gross CNS observations the compounds were found to be psychotropic. They increased or decreased spontaneous locomotor activity and at high doses produced writhing and mild hypothermia. Some of them mildly affected the cardiovascular system and showed antiinflammatory activity. PMID- 3241773 TI - On the mechanism of antiaggregatory effect of myricetin. AB - Myricetin at a dose of 3.6 micrograms/kg iv was found to inhibit the cat blood platelet aggregation in vivo. It disaggregated platelet thrombi in vitro at a concentration of 60 nM. This flavonoid bound to platelet membranes and prevented prostacyclin synthase against oxygen free radicals owing to its antioxidant properties. Myricetin inhibited soybean lipoxygenase when linoleic acid was used as a substrate. PMID- 3241774 TI - Genetic cellular resistance to subgroup E avian leukosis virus in slow-feathering dams reduces congenital transmission of an endogenous retrovirus encoded at locus ev21. AB - The gene ev21, which encodes an infectious endogenous subgroup E avian leukosis virus (ALV-E), designated EV21, is closely linked to the sex-linked, slow feathering (SF) gene K. To address the relationship between congenital transmission of EV21 and host susceptibility to ALV-E infection, SF roosters that were heterozygous for the dominant gene for susceptibility to ALV-E were mated with ev-negative rapid-feathering (RF), subgroup E-resistant dams to produce SF and RF progeny. The SF female progeny that were heterozygous ALV-E susceptible were viremic at hatch and, when mature, consistently shed the ALV group-specific antigen, p27, in the egg albumen they produced. In contrast, SF females that were homozygous ALV-E resistant were neither viremic at hatch nor shedders of ALV p27. Infectious ALV-E assays of progeny from susceptible and resistant SF dams confirmed that maternal cellular resistance to ALV-E limited congenital transmission of EV21. It is proposed that, in progeny, immunologic tolerance toward exogenous ALV infection due to congenital transmission of antigenically related endogenous viruses may be abrogated by selection for cellular resistance to ALV-E in SF lines used as female parents of feather-sexed crosses. PMID- 3241775 TI - Respiratory cryptosporidiosis in chickens. AB - In order to better characterize spontaneous respiratory cryptosporidiosis in chickens, a retrospective examination of histopathology reports from the Georgia Poultry Laboratories for an 18-mo period (4/1/86 to 9/30/87) was made; 12 cases were found. Collected data were analyzed and certain epidemiologic and histologic features were identified. Eleven of the 12 cases involved broiler type chickens. The ages of chickens with respiratory cryptosporidiosis were evenly distributed between 17 and 52 days of age. The infected birds were always clinically ill. Viruses or bacteria or both often accompanied respiratory Cryptosporidium sp. infections. Histologic lesions (including those of ciliary-adherent bacteria) are described. As the inflammatory response in infected organs became progressively nonpurulent (lymphocytes and plasma cells predominate), numbers of Cryptosporidium diminished. Cytologic preparations were useful for making diagnoses of respiratory cryptosporidiosis in chickens. Identification of epidemiologic features of respiratory cryptosporidiosis, and improved ability to make accurate and prompt diagnoses of Cryptosporidium sp. infection, are vital for a more complete understanding of the impact of this disease on poultry health. PMID- 3241776 TI - Effect of age, sex, and barriers in experimental pens on muscle growth. AB - Length, width, and depth of pectoralis, supracoracoideus, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius, femorotibialis, iliotibialis, and semitendinosus did not increase proportionately with muscle weight as male broilers aged from 5 to 8 wk of age. Only peroneus longus from the drumstick and semitendinosus from the thigh had maximum percentage increases in length, width, and depth at the same age that maximum percentage weight increases occurred. Barriers 10.2, 12.7, and 15.2 cm high were placed in pens when the chicks were 1 wk old and raised 2.5 cm each week until birds were 8 wk old. Muscles were dissected from male and female broilers at 4 and 8 wk of age. Bird activity from crossing the barriers resulted in weight differences in pectoralis and peroneus longus after 3 wk of exposure and in the supracoracoideus, semitendinosus, and femorotibialis muscles after 7 wk of exposure when compared with values for controls. Differences in muscle measurements attributable to barriers in the pen were found in birds in treatment groups after 3 wk of exposure for iliotibialis (length) and femorotibialis (depth). Increases in muscle measurements in birds after 7 wk of exposure occurred in length of pectoralis, supracoracoideus, gastrocnemius pars externa, peroneus longus, and femorotibialis muscles. Alterations in width were found in pectoralis, gastrocnemius pars interna, and femorotibialis muscles and changes in depth in peroneus longus and semitendinosus muscles. These changes were found to be affected by sex, and a number of sex x barrier interactions were found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3241778 TI - Effects of ethoxyquin feed preservative and peroxide level on broiler performance. AB - Rancidity development in feeds and feed ingredients reduces the feeds' nutritive value and produces toxic peroxides. This investigation was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of peroxide on broiler performance and to determine the effectiveness of ethoxyquin in ameliorating the adverse effects of peroxides. Poultry fat was oxidized to contain 0, 50, 100, and 175 meq peroxide/kg and added to diets to provide 0, 2, 4, or 7 meq peroxide/kg feed, respectively. Liquid ethoxyquin was incorporated into the diets at 0, 62.5, and 125 ppm. Each of the 12 diets was fed to 8 replicate pens with 35 males and 35 females/pen. Body weights at 21 and 42 days of age were significantly lower in birds fed diets containing 4 or 7 meq peroxide/kg feed. At 49 days of age, the reduction in body weight was significant only at the 7 meq/kg level. Reductions in feed efficiency showed a similar pattern, but the depression was significant only at the highest peroxide level. Supplementation of 62.5 and 125 ppm ethoxyquin resulted in significantly heavier birds at 49 days of age but had no significant effect on feed efficiency. Beneficial effects of ethoxyquin supplementation were evident at higher peroxide levels. The study showed that at least 4 meq peroxide/kg feed was required to significantly affect bird performance, and that the addition of ethoxyquin could alleviate the deleterious effects of dietary peroxide. PMID- 3241777 TI - Alterations in phospholipid composition of egg yolks from laying hens fed choline and methionine-supplemented diets. AB - A trial was conducted to assess the effects of choline and methionine supplementation of the diets of hens on phospholipid composition of egg yolk. By chemical analysis, the basal diet contained 16.6% protein, 1,041 parts per million (ppm) of choline, and .53% TSAA. The energy level was 2,899 kcal ME/kg diet, with no added fat. A rapid isocratic HPLC procedure using a Waters mu Bond NH2 column (Waters Associates, Milford, MA) was developed to quantify phospholipid components. Analysis of egg samples at peak production (36 wk of age) showed significant (P less than .05) elevations in total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and the ratio of PC to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), when choline was added at 500 or 1,000 ppm. Phosphatidylethanolamine, in contrast, showed a decline with choline supplementation. Methionine supplementation (125 to 250 ppm) also caused elevations in the total phospholipid composition of the egg yolk but had only modest effects on PC and PE. There was a significant (P less than .05) correlation between the yolk weight and total phospholipid concentration, PC, and the PC:PE ratio. There was a relationship between phospholipid content and weight of eggs when diets of laying hens were supplemented with choline. PMID- 3241779 TI - Early protein undernutrition and subsequent realimentation in turkeys. 1. Effect of performance and body composition. AB - Male and female Large White Nicholas turkeys were fed corn and soybean meal diets for 24 and 20 wk, respectively. Control and low protein (75% of control in protein and 66% of control in lysine and methionine) diets were fed during 0 to 6 wk of age. Thereafter, both groups received the control diet. Body composition of turkeys was determined at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 (males), and at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20 (females) wk of age. Compared with controls, undernourished turkeys had depressed body weight gain, lower feed intake, poorer feed efficiency, reduced carcass protein, increased carcass fat, and better efficiency of protein retention at 6 wk of age. During realimentation (after 6 wk of age), undernourished turkeys increased average daily feed consumption to that of controls and showed increased weight gains. By 24 and 20 wk of age, weights of undernourished male and female turkeys were no longer different from the weights of their respective controls. Feed efficiency of undernourished turkeys was better than that of controls during realimentation. Differences in body composition of undernourished and control turkeys were no longer evident after realimentation. PMID- 3241780 TI - Early protein undernutrition and subsequent realimentation in turkeys. 2. Effect on weights and proportions of organs and tissues. AB - Male and female Large White Nicholas turkeys were fed corn and soybean meal diets for 24 and 20 wk, respectively. The same series was fed with a low protein modification (75% of control in protein and 66% of control in methionine and lysine per Mcal ME) during 0 to 6 wk of age. For the study of organ and tissue growth, six male turkeys per treatment were sampled at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 wk of age. Six females per treatment were also sampled at 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20 wk of age. Weights of eviscerated carcass, breast, thigh, drumstick, wing, back, neck, feathers, liver, heart, pancreas, alimentary tract less gizzard, and gizzard were depressed by early protein undernutrition to 6 wk of age. Compared with values for controls, undernutrition increased proportions of the liver, alimentary tract less gizzard, gizzard, and heart at 6 wk of age; proportions of the back, neck, feathers, and pancreas were not affected, but breast and thigh proportions were reduced. Compensatory growth during realimentation eliminated all differences between undernourished and control turkeys in weight and proportions of organs and tissues by 20 wk of age. PMID- 3241781 TI - Acrosome reaction of cock spermatozoa incubated with the perivitelline layer of the hen's ovum. AB - A small membranous sheet of the perivitelline layer (PL) isolated from freshly ovulated ova was incubated with cock spermatozoa, and morphological changes of PL and percentage of spermatozoa lacking acrosomes were observed during incubation. The sheet of PL gradually became fragmented as incubation proceeded; fragments were dispersed into a suspension 70 min after the beginning of incubation. To analyze the acrosome reaction induced by the PL, washed or diluted spermatozoa were incubated with or without a PL suspension at 39 C or 41 C. In spermatozoa incubated with the PL suspension, the percentage of spermatozoa lacking acrosomal caps was significantly greater than in controls (without PL). Based on these results, it is suggested that the PL promotes the acrosome reaction by which enzymes contained in the acrosome are released to dissolve the PL. PMID- 3241782 TI - Response of growing Leghorn chicks to deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat. AB - Effects of feeding a deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated wheat diet containing 18 mg DON/kg were determined in male Leghorn chicks from 1 day to 12 wk of age. The data show that body weights were not adversely affected by the inclusion of the contaminated wheat in the diet. Relative gizzard weights were increased in the chicks receiving the contaminated wheat diet. Consistent significant differences were not observed for relative weights of other organs, serum chemistry, or minerals. A significant decrease in hemoglobin at 4 wk of age occurred, but this effect was transitory in nature; it was no longer present at 8 or 12 wk of age. PMID- 3241783 TI - Genetic variation of plasma growth hormone and its genetic association with growth traits in young chickens. AB - A pedigreed, randomly mated population of 25 sire families was assessed for genetic variation in body weight, gain, and plasma growth hormone (GH) under conditions of reduced temperature brooding (26.7 C) from day of hatch to 7 days of age. Heritability estimates (h2) for 7-day body weight and gain were moderate to high. The calculated h2 for GH was moderate. Plasma levels of GH were not phenotypically or genotypically correlated with body weight or gain. PMID- 3241784 TI - Ovarian follicular growth and maturation in the domestic pigeon and guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). AB - Yolks of pigeon and guinea fowl eggs were examined for the number of dichromate staining rings. Estimates of the time for rapid follicular development using this technique were 5.1 and 5.6 days for pigeons and guinea fowl, respectively. Another measure of follicular development based on the incorporation of Sudan dyes into the yolk yielded an estimate of 6.5 and 8.3 days for pigeons and guinea fowl, respectively. Using one and two-egg clutches, no differences due to clutch position were observed in either species. There was a significant difference (P less than or equal to .01) between results obtained with the two techniques for measuring the period of rapid yolk deposition. The dichromate technique can give valuable data relative to yolk deposition, especially in species where it is impractical to daily catch and administer Sudan dyes. But the tendency to underestimate the period of follicular growth means that caution must be exercised in comparing results obtained with that technique and the more labor intensive Sudan dye incorporation method. The time from the end of yolk deposition until oviposition is defined as the rest period. This interval was 1.5 days for pigeons and 1.7 days for guinea fowl. This is considerably longer than the rest period of Coturnix quail but similar to that found in turkeys and chickens. PMID- 3241785 TI - System for studying multiple concurrent stressors in chicks. AB - A chick caging system was designed to impose 2(6) p64) factorial combinations of six stressors concurrently by means consistent with the guidelines devised by the Consortium for the Development of a Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching (1988). The system was tested to study the consistency of the effects of the stressors on health, behavior, and performance. Aerial ammonia, beak-trimming, coccidiosis, intermittent electric shock, environmental heat, and loud noise were employed with methods or at intensities determined to depress chick rate of gain. The system repeatedly imposed the same degree of stress from respective stressors. PMID- 3241786 TI - System for exposing chicks to experimental intermittent electric shock. AB - A system for imposing mild electric shock on chicks was developed to study effects on health, behavior, and performance. A floor of parallel steel rods was wired so that the chick's foot or feet completed an electric circuit. Droppings spanning the gap between energized rods and ground rods caused short-circuiting occasionally and temporarily, creating a random-interval/random-duration generator. In one 48-h period, on average, the floor remained electrified for 2.7 +/- .19 min (mean +/- SD) then off 4.5 +/- .64 min. Chicks seemed to habituate to the shock over time. Therefore, in one experiment, the current from one point on a foot to another was increased daily from an estimated 2.9 mA on Day 1 to 8.7 mA on Day 7. When exposed to this electric shock regimen between 10 and 17 days of age, chicks' weight gain was reduced by 12%, feed intake by 5%, and gain:feed by 8%. PMID- 3241787 TI - Response of two lines of turkeys to challenge with Pasteurella multocida. AB - Two lines of turkeys were challenged with Pasteurella multocida during three trials. The two lines were 1) a randombred control line (RBC1), and 2) a subline (E) of Line RBC1 selected for increased egg production. Each trial differed as to the age at which poults were challenged. In Trial 1, unvaccinated birds were subcutaneously inoculated with P. multocida at 6 wk of age. In Trial 2, poults vaccinated (on the back of the neck) at 7 and 9 wk of age with .5 mL of P. multocida bacterin and unvaccinated poults were challenged at 11 wk of age. Trial 3 was similar to Trial 2, except that poults were vaccinated at 8 and 10 wk of age and challenged at 12 wk of age. Line E had significantly (P less than .05) higher mortality than Line RBC1 (66.7 vs. 31.8%) in Trial 1. In Trials 2 and 3, unvaccinated birds of Line E had higher mortality than unvaccinated birds of Line RBC1; however, differences between lines were not significant in either trial. Significantly lower levels of mortality were observed for vaccinated poults than for unvaccinated poults in the second and third trials, where birds were vaccinated and challenged at older ages. PMID- 3241788 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula of the lung]. PMID- 3241789 TI - [Compulsion and personality organization in childhood and adolescence]. PMID- 3241790 TI - [Experimental studies on changes in cerebral bioelectrical activity during combined exposure to benzene and tobacco smoke]. AB - Four persons of average age--25 years, put in exposure chamber, were subject to single and combined effect of benzene, in the limits of MAC and tobacco smoking for a period of 5 days. An examination of the cerebral bioelectric activity was performed by EEG at the beginning and the end of each experiment. Functional changes in the EEG were established expressing disorganization and depression of the basic rhythm, increase of the number of theta waves and weakened reaction in the hyperventilation activity. These changes are explained with the increased excitability of the CNS. PMID- 3241791 TI - [The occupational risk in the manufacture of mineral pigments and iron oxide dyes]. AB - The mineral pigments and ferric oxide dyes are used on a large scale in the paint and varnish industry, in building, chemical industry, polygraphy etc. For their production as basic raw materials are used lead, chromium and iron compounds. The concentrations of the toxic and accummulating lead and chromium in the air of the work environment surpass MAC and create most frequently "especially unfavourable" conditions of work. In all industrial processes the leading unfavourable factor is the chemical combined with unfavourable physical factors and overstress on the locomotor system. Changes were established in the organism of examined workers as result from the chronic effect of the factors of the work environment of the peripheral blood, digestive, nervous system and the skin. In view of reducing the risk of exposure to the toxic chemical factor it is imposed to take measures for sanitation of the work environment. PMID- 3241792 TI - [Changes in organ-specific enzymes under the influence of an enriched food ration in experimental cadmium poisoning]. AB - During a 3-month experiment is studied the effect of enriched with iron, calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D2 food ration on the changes in the organospecific enzymes in everyday introduction in the organism of experimental animals of cadmium sulfate in dose 1/40 LD50 (7 mg/kg-1). The serum activity of GOT and GPT is traced in dynamics at the end of the first, second and third month, as well as the activity of gamma-GT, LAP and APh in homogenates of liver and kidneys. The changes established in most of the experimental groups and the dates of observation show an increase in the serum and tissue activity of the examined enzymes (GOT, GPT, LAP). The tissue activity of gamma-GT and the quantity of free sulfhydryl groups are decreased in some of the dates of observation (I and III month). Both the isolated effect of cadmium and enriched food ration and their combined effect are discussed. PMID- 3241793 TI - [A spectrophotometric method for determining n-butanol]. AB - The method for determination of n-butanol is based on its reaction with phloroglucinol in phosphoric acid media until receiving colour compound and followed by photometric measurements at 455 nm. The specificity of the reaction is studied concerning the n-butanol in the presence of about 15 other organic substances. The reaction is optimized after the method of Jouden. PMID- 3241794 TI - [Indicator tubes with a noncylindrical form for indicator packing]. AB - A new type of system is made for determination of chemical pollutants in the air- indicator tubes with noncylindrical indicator filling--a subject of invention. The effect of the noncylindrical form on the metrological characteristics of the indicator tubes is studied. The noncylindrical filling is a way to influence these characteristics without changing the chemical receipt. There are a number of advantages: increasing more of 10x the sensitivity; linearization of the logarithmic characteristics of the indication dusts; possibility to lay two contrary scales on the conical indicator tubes for sucking respectively from the one or the other side of the asymmetric indicator filling, thus realising opportunities for defining of very low or very high accuracy. A new type of sampling system is established in practice. The dependences are given graphically. PMID- 3241795 TI - [Inertial separation of dust particles in a direct-flow field]. AB - A description is given of a graphic-mathematical method for approximate finding the separation capacity of the forward directed flow separator. The differential equations for the movement of a particle in changeable air flow are used. The parameters of the air flow in the canal of the separator are established in a graphic way. The equations are solved after the numerical method of Runge-Kuta. The aim of the work is to project a separator in a theoretical way observing definite requirements of the respirable fraction of the total dust. PMID- 3241796 TI - [Needle-like nonasbestos particles in Bulgarian mineral raw materials]. AB - The spreading of needle-like minerals in the country is studied, which are of no industrial importance, but are contained in some of course and nonmetallic mineral raw materials. On the basis of their classification are chosen standards: sepiolite, wollastonite, palygorskite, etc., and their dispersion in needle-like fine dispersive particles, is studied. On the basis of a preliminary prognosis are established needle-like particles in ore dust of one iron ore location. The importance of the needle-like nonasbestos components can be expressed with "dose" inhaled needles on the basis of the concentration of the needle-like components, the duration of one work shift and the work load in a definite work operation. The quantity of inhaled needles by an operator on a filling machine for mineral flour, containing minimum quantity of needles (0.5%) with pollution above MAC is near to that during packing of asbestos. The results received are useful for future classification of the biological activity of needle-like nonasbestos components. PMID- 3241797 TI - [Function of the visual and motor analyzers in adolescent operators in the chemical industry working first and second shifts]. AB - The aim of the study is to trace the changes in the functional state of the visual and motion analyzer in the growing generation during their professional training in specialty "operator for processing of polymeric materials". The results of the investigations point out that the functional state of the visual and motive analyzer in boys doesn't change, no mater whether first or second shift. With girls, working in first shift, in comparison with those working in second shift, the functional state of the visual and motion analyzer is on statistically reliable higher level. PMID- 3241798 TI - [Diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses in workers of the woodworking industry]. AB - During preventive otorhinolaryngological examination of 262 workers from the plant for wood planes, subject to a combined effect of unfavourable microclimatic, dust, toxic (in particular formaldehyde) factors, are carried out profound studies of the nose and the cavities around the nose. More than 50% of the complains are of the nose-gullet which decrease with the increase of the length of service, while the objective changes in the mucous membrane of the nose raise high. In 70 (26.7%) of the workers are observed pathological changes, mainly of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Of special interest is the comparative high per cent of changed nasal architectonic (16.0%). In 43.5% of the cases with nasal diseases are established changes in the olfactory function (hyposmia I and II rate) of respiratory type. Deviation on behalf of the respiratory, motive and hemodynamic functions of the nose are observed. PMID- 3241799 TI - [An attempt at the dynamic classification of population centers in Bulgaria in relation to atmospheric pollution]. AB - A method for evaluation, comparison and classification of the settlements is proposed according to the rate of pollution of the atmospheric air by a given component. For basis is accepted the sigma method. Three normative categories for classification are used. It is proceeded from the standardized towards MAC concentrations. In this case the average annual are applied. The method permits an objective comparison and classification in accordance with the rate of pollution of the settlements and their survey in dynamics. The approbation is made on the basis of the data from 1981 and 1985 for the settlements with 5 pollutants. It is established that the basic group of settlements do not change their category during the 5-year plan, while the changes of the groups are smooth in the neighbouring categories. The method gives adequate results and could serve the evaluation of the state of the atmospheric air in this country and the effectiveness of the air protective measurements. PMID- 3241800 TI - [The biological effect of copper taken up by the body via drinking water]. AB - A one-year toxicological experiment is carried out on albino male rats, receiving orally copper in doses 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg, respectively equivalent to the sanitary norm for drinking waters and 10 and 100 times above the latter are studied some aspects of the biological effect of copper according to the indices: total protein in blood serum, potassium and sodium in blood serum and heart, vitamin C and adenosinetriphosphate in blood. It is established that the chronic intoxication with copper in doses 1 and 0.1 mg/kg leads to the disturbance of electrolyte exchange in the organism and to changes in the level of vitamin C in blood, in doses 1 mg/kg--to disturbance of the protein exchange, and in doses 0.01 mg/kg no changes are established in all examined indices. PMID- 3241801 TI - [Hygiene research in solving the health aspects of urban development]. AB - The urban development and the problems it raises at present, are in direct relation with the conditions, which affect considerably the health of the population. The territorial and settlement system, the urban planning on ecological basis, the new methods of building in applying polymeric materials, the conditions of the environment in health establishments, the regulations of the physical factors, noise and electromagnetic energy are subject to the hygienic studies, in which the Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Health is engaged. The connective unit in the variety of the mentioned fields of investigation is the health of the inhabitants and finding the right way in its protection and keeping. The attitudes of prophylaxis, the creation and establishing of urban environment, corresponding to the conflict-free existence and potentiation of the health development of the inhabitants, are clarified, as they are related to the basic trends of the world Health Organization, whose targets are "Health for All by the year 2000". PMID- 3241802 TI - [Subjective assessment of stress and monotony in manufacturing workers in the food and flavorings industries]. AB - Data are given on the results from studies of the subjective evaluation of stress and monotony of work with basic professions in the production of chocolate products, waffles and pastry. The evaluation of the occupational monotony and stress points out to certain age differences. All women workers (save those above 50 years) estimate their work as moderately monotonous. The women workers up to 25 years old go through the monotony of work with decreased vigilance, boredom and psychic satiety, which is due to the incomplete adaptation to the work performed, their attitude towards it and the aspiration towards more qualified work. The psychic stress in the younger is a result from the experience of the monotony and reiteration, and in the remaining groups--from the high imposed speed and emotional unsteadiness. PMID- 3241803 TI - [Physiological, psychological and ergonomic research on jobs in the manufacture of chocolate products]. AB - The investigations include job description and analysis of the activity, functional examinations of basic dynamometric indices (muscle strength and endurance of static effort), the pulse rate and the time of carrying out of one operation and for manufacturing of unit product. Psychological tests for subjective evaluation of the stress and monotony, the type and rate of vertigo, of the psychic status in the presence of monotony, are applied. The ergonomic analysis comprises evaluation of the work place work posture and equipment. The results of the investigations point out that the activity of the basic professions in this production is expressed monotonous, with significant static load of the muscle system and total hypokinesia and hypodynamia. Changes in the working capacity and fatigue are registered in the middle of the working day as well as disturbances in the neuro-vegetative and adaptation mechanisms of the organism and appearance of unfavourable psychic conditions (decreased vigilance, boredom, satiating). Ergonomic incongruities were found in the dimensions and the order of the working place and equipment. PMID- 3241805 TI - [The information value of indices of the mathematical analysis of heart rhythm in noise exposure]. AB - The effect of noise on the vegetative nervous system is well-studied. In a laboratory room simulating operator's box 6 subjects were exposed fourfold to white noise with intensity 95 dB/A. The indices of the cardiac rhythm were measured for 10 minutes, threefold, during all exposures, except the first. The measurements were before the beginning of the noise exposure, from the 5th to the 15th minute after starting and at the end (the exposure continues 135 min.). It was established that the effect of noise on the cardiac rhythm indices is most strongly expressed in the beginning. At the end of the exposure the traced indices show a tendency towards level off with the initial data. A conclusion is made that the nearly unknown, in our country, indices of the mathematical analysis of the cardiac rhythm possess high information concerning the noise hazard. PMID- 3241804 TI - [The noise factor in the manufacture of chocolate and pastry products]. AB - Studies are performed on the noise and vibration condition and hearing in women workers in enterprises for confectionery. It is established that the noise is leading occupational hazard in the working environment and in half of the working places significantly surpasses the sanitary norms and the peak values reach sometimes to 102-105 db/A. Especially intensive sources of noise are some machines and industrial operations-vibratory tables, mixers, cocoa-rollers, grinder for sugar and cocoa, the operation "hammering of forms". The vibrations (general) are rarely met hazard in industry. A considerable decrease of hearing in the examined women workers is established. PMID- 3241806 TI - [Setting standards for the industrial microclimate via integral indices under conditions close to overheating]. AB - The possibilities of the WBGT and Belding and Hutch methods for standardization of the industrial microclimate in conditions, near to overheating, are discussed. The acceptable WBGT temperatures according to the norms of NIOSH are compared with the sanitary norms existing in this country. It is pointed out that the NIOSH norms allow significantly higher temperatures of the air (up to 10 degrees C) from the regulated according to the Bulgarian State Standards (BSS) 14776-79. The differences with the sanitary norms, regulating the radiant microclimate are also considerable. On this basis a conclusion is made, that the application of the WBGT method in the sanitary practice in this country should be preceded by the standardization of the allowable WBGT temperatures. The basic shortcomings of the method Belding-Hutch are mentioned: inaccuracies in the equation of the heat balance, incongruity of the accepted criteria with the up-to-date physiological data. The comparison of the two discussed methods show, that considerable differences in the interpretation of one and the same microclimatic conditions are possible. A modification of the method Belding-Hutch is proposed. The proposed model can be used in standardization of the optimum and the allowable microclimatic parameters depending on the heat radiation, clothes, on the negative temperatures a.o. A set of graphics for determination of temperature is proposed without using the globe thermometers by velocity, relative humidity, temperature of the air and heat radiation. PMID- 3241807 TI - [Analysis of the status of the acoustic environment in the cities of the People's Republic of Bulgaria during the 8th 5-Year Plan and the measures for noise limitation and abatement in population centers]. AB - The experience of the National System of Control, Restriction and Decrease of the Urban Noise, as unique one in the member countries of Comecon and the interpretation of the results of its activity are of special interest. Amidst the variety of complex problems for environmental protection from the noxious agents effect, of special interest are those related to the elucidation of the mechanism, spreading, rate of effect and undertakings for noise control from the factor noise in the conditions of the urban environment. The analysis on the activity of noise control in the towns all over this country since 1976 has shown as predominating the noise level of range 68-72 dB/A--value above the quota to which the majority of the population is subject. This imposes the carrying out of urban, planning and organization, architectural, organization and technical measures as well as methodical renovation of the Noise Control System, presented in the working out, which will assist in the optimization of the acoustic environment on the towns. PMID- 3241809 TI - Biological membranes: aberrations in membrane structure and function. Proceedings of the 12th international conference. Crans-sur-Sierre, Switzerland, June 15-19, 1987. PMID- 3241808 TI - [A new approach to setting hygienic pesticide standards]. AB - Studies are performed on tobacco-pickers, which are in contact with dimethoate and tomato-pickers, sprayed with methylparathion. The content of pesticides in washes from leaves and hands, as well as inhibitors and cholinesterase activity in serum and erythrocytes is measured. A correlation is found between the organophosphate pesticides content on vegetable material and hand wash and presence of inhibitors in blood. Proposal is made for defining the quantity of pesticides and its metabolites in hand wash when no effect is observed to be determined by coefficients, characterizing the quality of hydrolytic inhibitors in erythrocytes and serum and the rate of cholinesterase activity decrease. The control for observing the minimum reentry time for to be carried out by measuring the quantity of pesticides in hand wash. PMID- 3241810 TI - Phosphatidylserine translocation in animal cells. AB - The metabolism of phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanolamine by cultured animal cells provides a useful system for studying one of the mechanisms of lipid translocation among subcellular organelles. The translocation dependent decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine can be significantly inhibited by depleting cellular ATP levels with metabolic poisons. Poisoned cells not only fail to decarboxylate nascent phosphatidylserine but also accumulate this lipid in the (endoplasmic reticulum-derived) microsomal fraction. This indirect evidence that suggests ATP is required for phosphatidylserine translocation to the mitochondria is further supported by data obtained using permeabilized cells. Cells that have been permeabilized with saponin fail to decarboxylate newly synthesized phosphatidylserine unless they are supplemented with ATP. In contrast to the results obtained with intact and permeabilized cells are those obtained with isolated organelles which demonstrate that the final steps of phosphatidylserine import into the mitochondria occur in an ATP-independent manner. The current hypothesis is that phosphatidylserine translocation to the mitochondria occurs in at least two steps. The first step requires ATP and may be a process of vesicle budding or mechanical movement of an organelle such as the endoplasmic reticulum. The second step is ATP independent and most likely requires the formation of collision complexes between the donor organelle and the mitochondrion. PMID- 3241811 TI - The effects of n-3 fatty acid deficiency and repletion upon the fatty acid composition and function of the brain and retina. AB - It is now apparent that both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are essential for normal development in mammals, and that each has specific functions in the body. N-6 fatty acids are necessary primarily for growth, reproduction, and the maintenance of skin integrity, whereas n-3 fatty acids are involved in the development and function of the retina and cerebral cortex and perhaps other organs such as the testes. Fetal life and infancy are particularly critical for the nervous tissue development. Therefore, with respect to human nutrition, adequate amounts of omega-3 fatty acids should be provided during pregnancy, lactation and infancy, but probably throughout life. We estimate that adequate levels are provided by diets containing 6-8% kcals from linoleic acid and 1% from n-3 fatty acids (alpha linolenic acid, EPA and DHA), resulting in a ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids of 4:1 to 10:1. The essentiality of n-3 fatty acids resides in their presence as DHA in vital membranes of the photoreceptors of the retina and the synaptosomes and other subcellular membranes of the brain. The replacement of DHA in deficient animals by the n-6 fatty acid, 22:5, results in abnormal functioning of the membranes for reasons as yet to be ascertained. Most significant is the lability of fatty acid composition in the retinal and brain of deficient animals. Dietary fish oil, which contains EPA and DHA, will readily lead to a change in the composition of the membrane of retina and brain, fatty acids, with DHA replacing the n-6 fatty acid, 22:5. The interrelationships between the chemistry of neural and retinal membranes as affected by diet and their biological functioning provides an exciting prospect for future investigations. PMID- 3241812 TI - [Fumaryldithranol and sorbyldithranol: synthesis and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase antagonism in extended 10-acylation products in the antipsoriatic dithranol. 2]. PMID- 3241813 TI - [Assurance of basic sterility in the validation of procedures for sterilization by steam pressure]. PMID- 3241814 TI - [Statistical optimization for a sustained-release preparation with a diclofenac sodium base in inert matrices. II]. PMID- 3241816 TI - Determination of 5-fluorouracil in 5-fluorocytosine by high-performance thin layer chromatography and derivative UV-spectrophotometry. PMID- 3241815 TI - [Comparison of the in vitro dissolution and the absorption of sulfametomidine and its solvates]. PMID- 3241817 TI - Colorimetric determination of propranolol chloride in pharmaceutical preparations. PMID- 3241818 TI - PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in the nasal lavage fluid from healthy subjects: methodological aspects. AB - Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha were estimated in nasal secretions from ten healthy volunteers by high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunological assay. Prostaglandin concentrations determined in five consecutive nasal washes with saline at room temperature showed that the nasal mucosa was stimulated after instillation. A substantial increase of basal levels was associated with the second nasal lavage. In all volunteers aspirin treatment inhibited prostaglandin release. PMID- 3241819 TI - Plasma eicosanoids and platelet aggregation as parameters to monitor tumor patients. A study in 12 healthy subjects to obtain baseline levels. AB - Plasma levels of the eicosanoids PGE2, 6k-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 as well as platelet aggregation were determined in 12 healthy subjects, aging 23-50. It was our assumption that the parameters could be of use to monitor cancer patients, provided that the results of the determinations could be well reproduced and that the variation within a healthy population was small. In a group of laboratory employees (6 males and 6 females) blood samples were taken, 3 times, with a 2 week interval, under controlled conditions. Drug ingestion was recorded, and taken into account for the evaluation. The ranges of plasma eicosanoid, and of in vitro platelet aggregation values were large. The variation in both parameters was in large part due to intra-individual variation (based on the different values obtained in one subject). In part however, the variation could be traced to ingestion of non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The following abbreviations were used: NSAID = non steroidal anti inflammatory drug, PGE2 = prostaglandin E2, 6k-PGF1 alpha = 6-ketoprostaglandin-F1 alpha, TXB2 = thromboxane B2, TXA2 = thromboxane A2, PGI2 = prostaglandin I2 = prostacyclin, RIA = radio immuno assay, ADP = adenosine diphosphate. PMID- 3241821 TI - Diminished platelet residence time on active human atherosclerotic lesions in vivo--evidence for an optimal dose of aspirin? AB - Although aspirin is an old drug, its optimal dose for the treatment of human atherosclerosis has not been finally proven. Various in-vitro and ex-vivo platelet function tests revealed a dose range from 1 to 3000 mg as being optimal. It was thus the goal to examine its in-vivo efficacy in human suffering from peripheral vascular disease in 7 different doses ranging from 1 mg to 1000 mg a day. All these patients have been treated for 3 months. Platelet half-life and platelet uptake ratio show an in part significant improvement being most pronounced at the daily doses of 20 and 1000 mg respectively. No change occurs in the placebo treated controls. These findings indicate, that 20 or 1000 mg aspirin taken daily per os, are superior to the other doses examined concerning the in vivo platelet function (as measured by platelet half-life) and rendering the arterial surface less thrombogenic (as reflected by platelet uptake ratio measurements). PMID- 3241820 TI - Comparative effects on TXA2 biosynthesis of products extracted from Lippia multiflora Moldenke leaves. AB - The effects of the total phenolic extract (TPLi) from Lippia multiflora leaves and of its 2 main components i.e. Verbascoside (VLi) and Lil on TXA2 biosynthesis were studied. TXA2 biosynthesis was induced by incubation of arachidonic acid with horse platelet microsomes (HPM), TXB2, a stable metabolite of TXA2, was determined by using RIA. Under the experimental conditions adopted, Verbascoside did not significantly modify TXA2 biosynthesis. On the contrary, the total phenolic extract and Lil both inhibited TXA2 biosynthesis. Their action was dose related, Lil being the more potent. The ID50 were 1.19 +/- 0.08 mg/ml and 10.64 +/- 0.64 mg/ml for Lil and total phenolic extract respectively. The study of regression curves representing the hypotensive action and the anti-thromboxane synthetase activity versus log(dose) of TPLi and Lil suggested that Lil would likely be responsible for the TPLi hypotensive action. Its antithromboxane synthetase activity could be considered as a major contributor to the mechanism of this effect. PMID- 3241822 TI - 5-Aminobenzimidazole inhibits gastric acid secretion in Shay-rats. AB - Benzimidazole and some of its derivatives as 4-nitro and 5-nitro-benzimidazoles, 2-amino-, 4-amino- and 5-aminobenzimidazoles have been tested on gastric acid secretion in Shay-rats. Only 5-aminobenzimidazole decreased the gastric secretory process basal or stimulated by betazole. The antisecretory properties of 5 aminobenzimidazole seem to be linked to an anti H2-histamine activity, since this compound depresses the amplitude of contractions of guinea pig isolated auricle stimulated by betazole. The antisecretive activity appears to be associated to a definite distance between the amino group and the imidazolyl nitrogen, since it appears only when the amino function is located in position 5 of the benzimidazole structure. PMID- 3241824 TI - The national drug policy. PMID- 3241823 TI - Croton oil pleurisy induces pulmonary hyperreactivity. AB - Inflammatory process of the airways has been claimed to be relevant to the development of bronchial hyperreactivity in different experimental models. We investigated the consequences of pleural inflammation induced in the guinea-pigs by croton oil injection into the pleural space. Croton oil injection was followed by the development of an inflammatory reaction localized to the pleura as shown by recovery of inflammatory exudate from the pleural cavity of treated animals. An increased number of white cells was observed in the pleural fluid of treated animals as compared to control. Moreover, the croton oil induced inflammation was characterized by development of pulmonary hyperreactivity which involved both airway and vascular smooth muscles. We also studied this phenomenon in an animal model of asthma, such as the actively sensitized guinea-pigs. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte and particularly eosinophil recruitment was increased in this experimental condition and a different trend in the development of the hyperreactive phenomenon was observed. Our data support the relationship between inflammatory process within the pleural space and increased reactivity of pulmonary tissues. The possible involvement of different classes of white cells in this phenomenon has also been discussed. PMID- 3241825 TI - Theory of health. PMID- 3241826 TI - Collective bargaining in nursing (continuing education credit). PMID- 3241827 TI - An appeal for medical neutrality. PMID- 3241828 TI - Lumiflavin-sensitized photooxygenation of indole. PMID- 3241829 TI - Degradation of oligonucleotides by vacuum-UV radiation in solid: roles of the phosphate group and bases. PMID- 3241830 TI - 3,4 and 4',5'-photocycloadducts between 4'-methylangelicin and thymine from DNA. PMID- 3241831 TI - Photodynamic sensitizers from chlorophyll: purpurin-18 and chlorin p6. PMID- 3241832 TI - Interactions and photoreactivity of 5-alkoxypsoralens with thymine. A model approach. PMID- 3241833 TI - Interactions and photoreactivity of 8-alkoxypsoralens with thymine. A model approach. PMID- 3241834 TI - Photobinding of chlorpromazine and its sulfoxide in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3241835 TI - Detection of cyclobutane thymine dimers in DNA of human cells with monoclonal antibodies raised against a thymine dimer-containing tetranucleotide. PMID- 3241836 TI - Transient intermediates in intramolecularly photosensitized pyrimidine dimer splitting by indole derivatives. PMID- 3241837 TI - On the DNA bending by psoralen interstrand crosslinking. A gel electrophoretic study. PMID- 3241838 TI - Prevention of UV irradiation induced suppression of monocyte functions by retinoids and carotenoids in vitro. PMID- 3241839 TI - Irreversible binding of nitrofurantoin to skin and to plasma proteins of UV-A exposed rats. PMID- 3241840 TI - Effect of dietary lipid on UV light carcinogenesis in the hairless mouse. PMID- 3241841 TI - Deprotonation dynamics of local anesthetics in hydrophobic media: dibucaine.HCl in water/alcohol or surfactant mixtures. PMID- 3241842 TI - Photosensitization by diporphyrins joined via methylene bridges. PMID- 3241843 TI - [Functional-morphological studies on the blood-cerebrospinal fluid and blood brain barriers in mice with spontaneous lupus-like disorders]. PMID- 3241844 TI - [Epidemiological investigation of old age mental disorders in a small isolated island of Okinawa prefecture; comparison between mental disorders observed in 1979 and 1984]. PMID- 3241845 TI - E pluribus unum: striking back at disunity. AB - Examination of the current tendency to emphasize differences in psychiatry leads to the conclusion that there is a vast distance between those differences offering diversity and controversy that enliven and enlighten our professional lives and those born out of personal pique and intellectual obsolescence. For while diversity is essential and controversy invigorating--ideological sniping at one another is destructive, and being behind the times, downright dangerous. The title of may paper--"E Pluribus Unum"--roughly translated means "out of the many- one." It is my contention that sometimes we perceive the differing views of psychiatry as splitting us apart and destroying us, and indeed when they involve sniping and obsolescence, this may be the case. Such a view of each other is, I believe, increasing because of increasing environmental changes--in science, in corporatization, in reimbursement, and in competition. But I believe equally firmly that the solution to these changes lies in our hanging together and conducting effective, cooperative, educational, political action, and ethical activities, rather than cursing either the darkness or each other. Thus, while many wish to emphasize differences, I wish to conclude by emphasizing similarities. We are many, and that diversity and the controversy it engenders is a source of enormous strength. But we are also one, and that identity and cohesiveness can dispel the more destructive types of differences. We must make sure that we remain many, but we must make equally sure that we remain one. PMID- 3241846 TI - Clinical and demographic characteristics of chronic inpatients: implication for treatment and research. AB - Clinical and demographic data were collected on 203 state mental hospital patients whose length of stay was greater than one year. They comprised 45% of the average adult census and 37% were less than 35 years old. Males were younger and females more educated and likely to have been married at one time. The majority have diagnoses of schizophrenia or organic mental disorders; a few have personality disorders. Patients were treated with drugs but risk/benefit parameters remain to be defined. Thirty-two percent of patients have had a violent episode during the past six months. The prevalence of neurological abnormalities supports the need for specialized neurological and neuropsychological consultation and medical consultation. Most patients require the level of care provided by a hospital, while 15% are ready for discharge but have no housing available. Intermediate care facilities could provide alternatives for some patients otherwise unable to leave the hospital. The implications raised by these findings are discussed. PMID- 3241847 TI - Outpatient compliance of psychiatric emergency room patients by presenting problems. AB - In the present study, a cohort of patients who came to a psychiatric emergency room in a general hospital, and were not referred for hospitalization, were analyzed in regard to the amount and rate of subsequent contact with community mental health and substance abuse agencies. Patterns of service receipt and the differential impact of service use on hospitalization and/or return visits were analyzed by three major problem types: (1) psychiatric; (2) psychiatric/substance abuse; and (3) substance abuse. The analysis of these subgroups yielded valuable information about how the service system and/or different groups of patients in crisis respond to the system. PMID- 3241848 TI - The right to refuse treatment: an uncertain future. AB - Right to refuse treatment decisions have seldom considered many potential consequences. This discussion will explore some of these possible consequences and their potential effect upon patients, psychiatry, and society. PMID- 3241850 TI - Psychophysiological correlates of electrodermal lability. PMID- 3241849 TI - Ethical considerations of clinical use of Miranda-like warnings. AB - Psychiatrists and other psychotherapists are not generally required to provide Miranda-like warnings to their patients. Even so, many psychotherapists issue such warnings before encountering clinical situations that frequently arise in general clinical practice and have potential involvement with the legal system. Ethical considerations of whether to utilize Miranda-like warnings in common clinical situations such as involuntary hospitalization, the duty to warn and protect, and suspected child abuse reporting, are explored. PMID- 3241851 TI - Memory retrieval in noise and psychophysiological response in the young and old. PMID- 3241852 TI - Sex differences in lipid, lipoprotein, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine responses to acute stress. PMID- 3241853 TI - Early and late selection in young and old adults: an event-related potential study. PMID- 3241854 TI - A comparison of two model systems of associative learning: heart rate and eyeblink conditioning in the rabbit. PMID- 3241856 TI - Effects of autonomic blockade on heart rate responses to reaction time and sustained handgrip tasks. PMID- 3241855 TI - Differentiation of deception as a psychological process: a psychophysiological approach. PMID- 3241857 TI - The effects of vigorous exercise on anxiety, heart rate, and alpha activity of runners and nonrunners. PMID- 3241859 TI - Scoring criteria for electrodermal habituation: further research. PMID- 3241858 TI - Microcomputer automated system for measuring systolic time intervals in response to exercise and a psychophysiological task. PMID- 3241860 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of sudden deafness]. PMID- 3241861 TI - [The concept of illness and health behavior in myocardial infarct patients with special reference to occupational rehabilitation]. PMID- 3241862 TI - [Assessment of the malignant/benign potential of a neoplastic change in the breast using psychosocial parameters of patients at an ambulatory breast care services]. PMID- 3241863 TI - Left ventricular volume characteristics of patients with pure mitral insufficiency treated medically and surgically. PMID- 3241864 TI - Utilization of health services among the Puerto Rican elderly: gender considerations. AB - The elderly make considerable demands on the health care system. This study sought to identify the types of health services utilized by these elders and the predisposing and enabling factors impacting upon their use. Fifteen questions concerning the specific topic were analyzed: ten items about background information and five specific questions pertaining to use. The tests of significance were those of Kendall's Tau B and C and Cramer's V. The sub groups of elderly needing the greatest intervention by the health care system were female, the poor, those of rural zone residence, those with limited educational attainment and the elderly of the lowest occupational prestige sectors of the economy. These findings are similar to those found elsewhere. PMID- 3241865 TI - Functional status and elderly Puerto Ricans. AB - The ability of the elderly to perform or carry-out a variety of activities that are normal for people in good physical health was measured by 18 questions: ten items about background information and eight questions pertaining to capacity to carry out activities. The capacity range established was 0 and 1. A 0 response revealed that the respondent had no difficulty and a 1 meant that she/he had difficulty at the time of the interview. The tests of significance were those of Kendall's Tau B and C, Cramer's V and Phi. The sub groups of elderly having the most limited functional status were females, urban zone elderly, the oldest old, those of a separated marital status, the never employed, and those with limited education and incomes. These findings are similar to those found in the United States, Europe and Japan. PMID- 3241866 TI - Epidemiological trends of suicide in Puerto Rico: 1931 to 1985. AB - This work fulfills the need for an historic-developmental study of suicide in Puerto Rico. Mortality trends, risk groups and other demographical data with preventive and comparative value is presented. The data for this descriptive study was mainly taken from the Puerto Rico Vital Statistics and the Forensic Institute files. Analysis was done correlating incidence, age, sex and method. Seasonal tendencies were explored. Graphs were designed to illustrate the tendencies and interrelationship of the given variables. The results show that after a decline in incidence in the first 30 years, suicide mortality has been stable for the past 25 years (9.2 x 100,000). Age, sex and method showed certain interrelationships; 1) aging is directly proportional to an increase in suicidal risk. 2) Youth suicide rates have consistently diminished. 3) Adolescents tend to choose the traditional methods in Puerto Rico, with a recent increase in firearms use. 4) At age 16, males differ from females by increasing their suicide rates, particularly by hanging. 5) Adult females show unpredictability as to their methods. Seasonal risk of suicide was found statistically significant (ANOVA) for the Christmas and summer periods and major events affecting the general public. PMID- 3241867 TI - Undergraduate average predicts performance by Puerto Rico residents in a Puerto Rican medical school. AB - This study examines the relationship between undergraduate grade-point average and several parameters that measure performance for a pool of 316 Hispanic Puerto Rico residents admitted to a private medical school in Puerto Rico as freshmen between 1979 and 1983. Significant positive linear correlation was found between the undergraduate average and the medical school cumulative, basic science and clinical science grade-point averages of all Puerto Rico residents who achieved graduation from this school (linear correlation coefficient r = +0.25, +0.22, +0.24, respectively; P less than 0.01 in all cases). Significant negative linear correlation was found between the undergraduate average and the percentage of students experiencing academic difficulty during medical school (r = -0.85, P less than 0.05). On the other hand, correlation between the undergraduate average and student performance on the first two parts of the National Medical Board Examination was not statistically significant (Part I: r = +0.11, P less than 0.2; Part II: r = +0.12, P less than 0.3). No correlation was observed between undergraduate average and subjective evaluation of graduate performance during the first postgraduate year. PMID- 3241868 TI - Use of games to improve scores on memory-type examinations. AB - Memory facilitating techniques such as word games are commonly used teaching tools, but are they effective transmitters of information? To answer this question, lists of scientists were compiled and tested in matching-type exams using three different methods of exam preparation. These included two traditional methods: 1) identities of the scientists supplied (DEFINED); 2) identities of the scientists looked up in library references (LOOK UP) and; one non traditional method: the identities of the scientists were deduced by solving a word puzzle (WORD PUZZLE). Results between a pre- and post-test showed significant increases using all methods, however, WORD PUZZLE had greater increases than did DEFINED or LOOK UP. A questionnaire indicated that WORD PUZZLE was the preferred method of study and students felt equally confident using WORD PUZZLE as a method of preparation as with the two more traditional methods. It is concluded that word games should be encouraged as a memory improving method. PMID- 3241869 TI - Somatomedin-C and growth hormone levels in anorexia nervosa in relation to the puberal or post puberal stages. AB - 1. Plasma concentrations of somatomedin-C and GH were determined in 21 patients diagnosed as anorexia nervosa (AN) and in 44 controls. 2. Somatomedin-C concentrations were significantly lower in pubertal AN patients than in controls, but not in post pubertal patients. 3. GH was increased in both pubertal and post pubertal AN patients, although more in pubertal AN patients. 4. Our results suggest that the hormonal alterations that appear in AN constitute a mechanism of defense against starvation. The activation of these defense mechanisms and the degree of modification produced in normal hormonal patterns depend not only on caloric intake but also on metabolic requirements. PMID- 3241870 TI - Behavioral and EEG responses to alcohol in nonalcoholic men with a family history of alcoholism. AB - 1. Behavioral and EEG responses were examined in nonalcoholic males with (FH+) and without (FH-) a family history of alcoholism following the consumption of a placebo and real beer. 2. FH+ subjects were less confident of being able to resist another drink following consumption of the placebo and reported higher taste ratings and feeling more intoxicated immediately following ethanol consumption than FH- subjects. 3. Both groups showed increases in EEG alpha activity (9-12Hz) following alcohol consumption. 4. Alpha activity was positively associated with desire to drink in the FH+ group before and after consumption, but was positively associated with perceived intoxication in the FH- group only after consumption. PMID- 3241871 TI - Fever and leukocytosis: physical manifestations of bipolar affective disorder? AB - 1. Fever and leukocytosis are occasionally observed in patients with psychiatric disorders. A thorough medical evaluation does not always reveal the origin of these abnormalities. 2. We report the case histories of three patients with bipolar affective disorder and an abnormal DST who had fever and leukocytosis during the acute phase of their illness. No organic etiology could be found. 3. All three patients responded to ECT with resolution of the depression, the fever, and the leukocytosis, and normalization of the DST. 4. We propose that fever and leukocytosis may be rare physical manifestations of bipolar affective disorder, particularly in patients with abnormal DST. PMID- 3241872 TI - Precursor amino acid concentrations in normal weight bulimics and normal controls. AB - 1. CNS serotonergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the control of appetitive behavior. The ratio of plasma tryptophan (TRP) to other large neutral amino acids (LNAA) is believed to regulate CNS serotonin (5-HT) synthesis. 2. After an overnight fast, plasma TRP ratios were determined in 23 normal weight bulimics and 7 normal controls. 3. All subjects were assessed for mood disorder using a SADS interview and Beck Depression ratings. 4. There was no significant difference in TRP ratios between bulimics and normal controls. TRP ratios in depressed bulimics were not significantly different from those of nondepressed bulimics. 5. Potential abnormalities in CNS serotonergic function in bulimics are not reflected in decreased baseline TRP ratios. Further investigation of the dynamic serotonergic system may prove fruitful. 6. Reduced availability of tryptophan for conversion to serotonin is not likely to be the postulated biological abnormality common to both depression and bulimia. PMID- 3241873 TI - An experimental antidepressant increases REM sleep. AB - 1. An experimental antidepressant was studied through sleep laboratory recordings, psychoendocrinological tests and clinical measurements in terms of its efficacy, side effects and effects on sleep. 2. The design included a four week drug administration period, preceeded and followed by a one week placebo period. 3. In the presence of antidepressant efficacy, the drug did not disturb sleep induction and maintainance. 4. The only effect on sleep stages was an increase of REM sleep during the short-term drug administration period which is contrary to the REM supressant effect of most antidepressants. 5. This finding suggests that REM supression and antidepressant efficacy are not necessarily related. 6. Further, given that the only known action of the drug is its inhibitory effect on GABAergic transmission, one can speculate that GABA mechanisms may be involved in REM sleep modulation. PMID- 3241874 TI - The association of tardive dyskinesia and pseudoparkinsonism. AB - 1. A survey of 315 chronic inpatients for the presence of extrapyramidal side effects indicates that 58.7% of the patients had no evidence of extrapyramidal side effects, 28.6% had tardive dyskinesia (TD) alone, 8.9% had pseudoparkinsonism and 3.8% had a combination of both. 2. Women seemed to exhibit more side effects. 3. Aging was another factor associated with a higher risk for the appearance of extrapyramidal side effects. 4. Affective disorder patients carried more risk than patients with schizophrenia. 5. The low prevalence of the combined TD and pseudoparkinsonism may be related to several factors. The possible explanations are explored and discussed. These patients present a therapeutic dilemma. PMID- 3241875 TI - Phosphatidylserine activity on prolactin brain receptors of aged rabbits. AB - 1. PRL receptors in the hypothalamus and substantia nigra of aged rabbits (28 month-old) are significantly reduced in comparison with young rabbits (6-month old). 2. Repeated treatments with BC-PS are able to gradually increase the PRL receptor number both in hypothalamus and nigra. However only after 30 days of treatment the binding reaches the mean values observed in young rabbits. 3. Aged rabbits showed an evident increase in PRL plasma levels in comparison with young animals. In BC-PS treated animals this increase was not more apparent. Moreover in young rabbits treated with BC-PS an evident decrease in basal PRL plasma levels was observed. PMID- 3241876 TI - Comparative study in mice of flunitrazepam vs. diazepam on morphine withdrawal syndrome. AB - 1. There is some evidence that benzodiazepine may modify the opioid withdrawal syndrome. We have investigated the effect of two different benzodiazepines, diazepam and flunitrazepam, on the morphine withdrawal syndrome experimentally induced in mice. 2. Opiate dependence has been induced by administration of morphine s.c. over a period of five days. Two hours after last morphine administration withdrawal syndrome was induced by s.c. injection of naloxone (5mg/kg). The number of jumps, wet-dog-shakes and paw tremor, and the presence or absence of ptosis, diarrhea, teeth chattering and body tremor were evaluated after naloxone injection. 3. All the signs of morphine withdrawal syndrome was antagonized by flunitrazepam and diazepam, only wet-dog-shake was strongly increased by flunitrazepam. PMID- 3241878 TI - [Structural organizations of replicon clusters and nuclear matrices in mammalian cells]. PMID- 3241877 TI - Time course of physostigmine effects on neuroendocrine responding at varying environmental temperatures. AB - 1. Hypothermia was found to be related to both the dose of physostigmine and the environmental temperature. 2. Plasma corticosterone levels were elevated above controls regardless of dose of physostigmine or environmental temperature. 3. Plasma free fatty acid levels appeared to be inversely related to physostigmine induced hypothermia. 4. A hyperglycemic response was observed under all experimental conditions at 0.5 hours and 1.0 hour post injection. 5. Significant inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase was observed, whereas, plasma and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity was inconsistent. PMID- 3241879 TI - [Eukaryotic sequence specific DNA binding proteins involved in replication and transcription]. PMID- 3241880 TI - [Establishment of clonal cell lines producing cartilage-derived anti-tumor factor (CATF)]. PMID- 3241882 TI - [Molars: amalgam or crowns in spite of everything?]. PMID- 3241881 TI - [The role of calcium hydroxide in endodontics]. PMID- 3241883 TI - [Clinical lessons: various toothaches]. PMID- 3241884 TI - [Bleaching vital teeth. "B.V. Bleaching Vital"]. PMID- 3241885 TI - [Esthetics and the fixed prosthesis]. PMID- 3241886 TI - [Dynamics of the intraventricular flow in tegu lizards, Tupinambis teguixin (Reptilia, Teiidae)]. PMID- 3241887 TI - Post-embryonic development of an intertidal hermit crab (Crustacea; Diogenidae) at different salinities. PMID- 3241888 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the vaginal epithelium in albino rats during at-term pregnancy, immediately postpartum and at postpartum estrus]. PMID- 3241889 TI - [Anatomic aspects of the facial nerve of the capuchin monkey (Cebus apella)]. PMID- 3241890 TI - [Prevention of thromboembolic complications during total hip arthroplasty by pre- and postoperative heparinotherapy with adapted doses. Apropos of 356 cases]. AB - From January 1980 to July 1987, a continuous series of 356 total hip replacement underwent preventive treatment of subcutaneous Heparin, prescribed in adapted doses, both before and after surgery, and relayed at the 7th postoperative day by Ethyl Biscoumacetate. This medication was continued for 45 days. Modern methods of detection were used to detect thromboembolic complications: up to the 7th day radioactive labeled Fibrinogen and, at the slightest hint of problem, phlebocavography of the lower limbs. The established procedure made it possible to lower significantly the rate of phlebothromboses to 14 cases (3.9%) of which 3 (0.8%) developed non lethal pulmonary embolisms. The surgical site revealed an hematoma in 5% of the case, of which 1.4% had to be subjected to a surgical relief. Of the 4 deaths observed in this series, two resulted from the anticoagulant preventive method. The biological monitoring disclosed a lasting fall in the Antithrombin III in the three days following the operation and significant drop in the coagulation tests between the 4th and 6th day in the case of the patients who were to develop a thromboembolism. PMID- 3241891 TI - [Fixation of fractures of the femoral neck using screws or hook-pins. Radionuclide study and short-term results]. AB - In a prospective randomized investigation, AO screws (53 cases) and hook-pins (57 cases) were used for femoral neck fracture fixation in 110 cases. The results of the one-week postoperative scintimetry and a four-month radiographic follow-up were analysed. The femoral head vitality according to scintimetry was similar in the two groups, whether undisplaced or displaced fractures. Within four months from the operation, six cases with screw fixation had been subjected to total hip arthroplasty while only one with hook-pins, all because of fracture redisplacement. However, at the four-month control, another more fracture operated on with screws and five more operated on with hook-pins were scheduled for hip arthroplasty. Thus, no difference between the two methods regarding postoperative femoral head vitality or complications in short term follow-up, was noted. PMID- 3241892 TI - [Spondylolisthesis with severe displacement in children and adolescents Results of 12 cases of posterior reduction fixation]. AB - The aim of this study was the analysis of 12 cases showing a L5-S1 spondylolisthesis of a shift superior to 50%. The surgery performed on those 12 children and teenagers was Roy Camille's technical procedure that is reduction and fixation with posterior plates and postero-lateral grafting The criteria of the study and technique used are first recalled. The result's analysis show the quality of the reduction and the restoration of the lumbo-pelvic statics. The postero-lateral arthrodesis appears to the authors as sufficient to guarantee the result's stability. In cases of associated radicular impairment, great care must be taken as far as the reduction is concerned. The root must be controlled during the surgical procedure especially if there is a real sciatic before surgery. The technic appears to the authors as the best among all those they may have used for the treatment of the spondylolisthesis with an important shift, apart from the spondyloptosis. Internal fixation devices of a smaller size would be necessary for a small child. PMID- 3241893 TI - [Results of surgically treated chronic anterior laxities. Apropos of 251 cases reviewed with a minimum follow-up of 3 years]. AB - Two hundred and fifty one chronic anterior laxities operated by intra-articular plasty using a free knee-cap tendon and by the Lemaire extra-articular procedure were reviewed with a minimum 3 year follow-up. Eighty-three per cent of the patients obtained a global functional result excellent or good, eight per cent fair and nine per cent poor. Clinical examination disclosed 24% equivocal pivot shifts and 4% true jerks in internal rotation. Most of the patients, at the check up clinic, underwent a radiographic and dynamic examination, thereby allowing evaluation of postoperative arthrosis and residual anterior laxity in extension. Frontal radiographs of the knee on unilateral weight-bearing showed 29% joint remodelling, 16% "prearthrosis" and 8% arthrosis. These radiological modifications were most often medial femoro-tibial, they were highly correlated with the patient's age at the time of operation, with the state of the medial meniscus and with the residual laxity in extension. The residual anterior laxity in extension measured on the dynamic radiographs was, on average, 9 mm, i.e. an average difference of 5 mm in relation to the healthy knee; it was highly influenced by the pre- or peroperative treatment of the medial meniscus. Indications of precautions to be taken are defined and suggestions are drawn up whereby residual laxity in extension may be limited. PMID- 3241895 TI - [Treatment of spinal deformities in patients with cerebral palsy]. AB - Fifty-five patients with cerebral palsy and spinal deformities were operated on between 1972-1985. 10 had mental retardation related to other etiology than neo natal encephalopathy where this was found in the remaining 45 patients. 43 curves were paralytic type; 12 were idiopathic type. A non surgical treatment was prescribed to wait for surgery in 32 young children. It was a really followed all along the growth period in only 11 cases. The surgical treatment was often prepared by an halo traction for some days before surgery. The series of patients was divided into two groups: in group I twelve patients were ambulatory, in group II forty three patients were non ambulatory. In the first group, posterior fusion using either Harrington or Luque or Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation was done on 10 patients out of 12. In the second group, 21 patients a combined anterior and posterior fusion was done using Dwyer instrumentation anteriorly and Harrington or Cotrel-Dubousset posteriorly. 21 other patients got only the posterior fusion using Luque or Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Twenty-four out of the 55 had some kind of complications, mainly in the second group (38 p. cent). One death was observed in the immediate postoperative course. The functional results after a follow-up between 2 and 13 years are very encouraging. PMID- 3241894 TI - [Intramural internal meniscectomy using the Trillat technic. Long-term results of 258 operations]. AB - A study of 258 meniscectomy (245 patients), with a minimum follow-up of twenty years, confirms the excellent functional result obtained by intramural medial meniscectomy performed for isolated meniscus lesions. The joint remodelling, with absence of joint-space narrowing, represents the radiological cicatrix resulting from this surgery. It is a non-evolutive condition. The incidence of meniscectomy in the occurrence of an arthrosis is low (20%). On the other hand, when the meniscus lesion in associated with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscectomy often proves to be inadequate. Clinical and radiological evolution is governed by tearing of the ligament. The radiological signs are, in this case, characteristic on unilateral weightbearing in profile at 20 degrees flexion. At the end of this study, the signs described by Fairbank (9) are discussed and the factors liable to determine the onset of a late arthrosis after medial meniscectomy are analysed. PMID- 3241896 TI - [Cauda equina syndrome caused by migration of a fat graft after laminoarthrectomy]. AB - In a case of partial laminoarthrectomy for lateral recess stenosis cauda equina compression occurred post-operatively, and was caused by migration of a free graft. Recovery was complete within six months. The technical details of insertion of the free fat grafts are described. PMID- 3241897 TI - [Fracture dislocation of the thoracic spine in ankylosing spondylitis. A case of spontaneous occurrence and an uncommon course]. AB - One case of spontaneous Th 10 - Th 11 dislocation complicating ankylosing spondylitis is reported. The only functional consequences were cracks when the patient was moving. Surgical treatment was refused nevertheless after twelve year follow bone union had occurred without neurological impairment. PMID- 3241898 TI - [Relation of acute myelofibrosis and megakaryoblastic leukemia. Immunohistochemical observations on bone marrow biopsies]. PMID- 3241899 TI - [A case of metastatic neoplasm of the heart]. PMID- 3241900 TI - [Lovastatin in hyperlipemia of the nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 3241901 TI - [Blood zinc level in the course of HIV infection in drug addicts]. PMID- 3241902 TI - [Valsalva's maneuver in vasodepressive syncope]. PMID- 3241903 TI - [Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. Recent advances]. PMID- 3241904 TI - [Results of a controlled clinical protocol in the treatment of patients with operable breast carcinoma with positive axillary lymph nodes. Comparison of a chemotherapeutic regimen with a chemo-immunotherapeutic regimen]. PMID- 3241905 TI - Research ethics and nursing science. AB - In recent years scientists and scholars have been paying increasing attention to the problem of research ethics. Ethics is always basically to do with values, with what is right and what is wrong. In the present study research ethics is considered as a self-critical approach to the solutions made in the course of the research process. The aim is to identify those points in the research process where ethical problems assume central importance. One such point is the treatment of human subjects: in the field of nursing science there are certain special requirements that must be taken into consideration because here we often use the clients of the health care system as our main source of information. PMID- 3241908 TI - Do physically active people cope better with biopsychosocial stress after a myocardial infarction? AB - A preliminary study of the relationship between a physically active versus a physically non-active life before a myocardial infarction and coping ability (e.g. psychosocial effects) after a myocardial infarction has been performed. In a mainly rural area in south-western Sweden all myocardial infarction sufferers (N = 49) during January 1984-August 1986, fulfilling certain criteria, were sent a questionnaire with special emphasis on their present and former exercise habits and psychosocial situation. The results indicate that there is a positive relation between a physically active as compared with a physically non-active life and coping ability in terms of fewer expressed depressions, better experienced relations in the family and higher degree of return to work, after a myocardial infarction among the physically active. However, further investigations are needed in order to explain the mechanisms involved. The results further imply that primary and secondary prevention must support the "risk-individual's" coping ability from a multifactorial view, built on holistic caring. PMID- 3241907 TI - The prevalence of urinary tract infection in patients related to type of drainage bag. AB - The prevalence of urinary tract infection in patients catheterised inside the hospital was studied in relation to the type of drainage bag used. Five hundred and thirty-two adult patients of both sexes were studied in three groups consisting of (1) open drainage system with an infection incidence of 38.9%; (2) closed system with 25.1%; and (3) the closed system plus the addition of chlorhexidine with 15% infection. The overall incidence of infection was 29.8%. There was a statistically significant difference between the first and the second group (p less than 0.01), the first and the third group (p less than 0.01), but none between the second and third groups (p greater than 0.01). The incidence was higher in women than in men (p less than 0.01), but only in the age group greater than or equal to 60 (p less than 0.01). The index of medical patients was significantly higher than in urological patients (p less than 0.05), while there was no statistical significance between surgical and urological patients (p greater than 0.1). The highest prevalence of infection in the three groups occurred on the seventh day. Gram-negative bacteria were 63.3%, Gram-positive 10.1% and fungi 26.6%. PMID- 3241909 TI - The Northern Halland Project: the effect of a caring rehabilitation programme on diet habits, blood lipids and body weight after myocardial infarction. PMID- 3241906 TI - Work sampling: the way in which physiotherapists utilise their working hours. AB - A time budget study was performed in order to assess how all physiotherapists working in Vasterbotten County, northern Sweden, utilise their work-time and to identify factors influencing their allocation of working hours. The study, carried out in the autumn of 1985 and spring 1986, comprised 149 subjects, requiring one week each. Their activities were recorded at randomly selected 30 min intervals over the working week and distributed into predefined task categories. The treatment of patients took on average 33% of the physiotherapists' gross working time. Continuing education and development work on average amounted to 6% and the remaining occupational tasks to 38%. Transport, breaks and occasional days or hours off work took up 23% on average. Occupational area was the most important of the factors studied for the utilisation of working hours. Work sampling affords a better insight into the elements and structure of the professional work of physiotherapists. PMID- 3241910 TI - [Respiratory apparatus. The respiratory-digestive crossing. Tracheal intubation]. PMID- 3241911 TI - [Review of rectal anatomy and physiology]. PMID- 3241912 TI - [Natural history of rectal cancers. From diagnosis to the risk of prognosis]. PMID- 3241913 TI - [The most important therapeutic means against rectal cancer]. PMID- 3241914 TI - [Case report of a patient with rectal cancer]. PMID- 3241915 TI - [Stoma therapy and nursing care]. PMID- 3241916 TI - [Rectal cancer]. PMID- 3241917 TI - [Colostomy and sexuality]. PMID- 3241918 TI - [Treatment of established decubitus ulcers]. PMID- 3241919 TI - [Epidemiology of rectal cancers]. PMID- 3241921 TI - [The intercostal space. Introduction to pleural puncture and drainage. Costal infiltration]. PMID- 3241920 TI - [Prevention: the sequence polyp-cancer]. PMID- 3241922 TI - [Blakemore or Linton gastric balloon catheters (2)]. PMID- 3241923 TI - [Surgery of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 3241924 TI - [Postoperative care after prostatic surgery]. PMID- 3241925 TI - [Personal care given to the operated patient]. PMID- 3241926 TI - [Prostatic diseases]. PMID- 3241927 TI - [Nursing students in the operating suite]. PMID- 3241928 TI - [Anatomy and physiology of the prostate gland]. PMID- 3241929 TI - [Materials necessary for prostatic surgery]. PMID- 3241930 TI - [The sensory organs. The ear]. PMID- 3241931 TI - [Dynabelt: a girdle for postoperative abdominal and thoracic protection]. PMID- 3241932 TI - [Stomex: a girdle for abdominal support for patients with stomas]. PMID- 3241934 TI - [Role of the circulating nurse facing abdominal trauma]. PMID- 3241933 TI - [Treatment of abdominal lesions]. PMID- 3241935 TI - [Multiple injuries with hemoperitoneum. Case report]. PMID- 3241936 TI - [Surgery of abdominal injuries]. PMID- 3241937 TI - [Protocol for the prevention of decubitus ulcers]. PMID- 3241938 TI - [Review of abdominal anatomy]. PMID- 3241939 TI - [Incidents and accidents that may happen in the operating room]. PMID- 3241940 TI - [Geo-epidemiology of the morbidities in a surgical recovery service]. PMID- 3241941 TI - [Evaluation and critical care of a patient with abdominal trauma]. PMID- 3241942 TI - [The pattern of bone marrow lesions in acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS)]. PMID- 3241943 TI - [The use of exchange transfusion in severe human loxoscelism]. PMID- 3241944 TI - Preference of Biomphalaria tenagophila among macrophytes and their periphytons determined through the degree of attractiveness. PMID- 3241945 TI - [Afibrinogenemia secondary to crotalid snake bite (Crotalus durissus terrificus)]. PMID- 3241946 TI - [In vitro effect of ivermectin on the eggs of Lagochilascaris minor Leiper, 1909]. PMID- 3241947 TI - Cryptosporidiosis among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the county of Sao Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 3241948 TI - [Operationalization of the concept of social class in epidemiologic studies]. PMID- 3241949 TI - [The health status of children in the municipality of Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil), 1984/1985. X. Food intake]. PMID- 3241950 TI - [Socioeconomic factors and infant mortality in Ecuador, 1970-1981]. PMID- 3241952 TI - [Simuliidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) in Brazil. VI. Simulium (Psaroniocompsa) siolii sp.n., Simulium (P.) lourencoi sp.n., and Simulium (P.) damascenoi sp.n]. PMID- 3241951 TI - Chagas' disease and social security. A case-control study in an urban area, Goias, Brazil. PMID- 3241953 TI - [A new specialty: the right to health]. PMID- 3241954 TI - [Causes of death reflecting inequality in studies on mortality associated with occupational categories and social levels]. PMID- 3241955 TI - [Ancylostoma and Toxocara infestation in dogs and cats captured in the streets, Sao Paulo (Brazil)]. PMID- 3241956 TI - [A national information system of ambulatory care demand]. PMID- 3241957 TI - Neurotoxicity of beta-lactam antibiotics. Experimental kinetic and neurophysiological studies. AB - The neurotoxic potential of intravenous administered benzylpenicillin (BPC) was studied in rabbits with intact blood-CNS barriers and rabbits with experimental E. coli meningitis. At onset of epileptogenic EEG activity or seizures, serum, CSF and brain tissue were collected for assay of BPC. Based on the fact that, in tissues, BPC seems to remain extracellularly, brain concentrations of BPC were expressed as brain tissue fluid (BTF) levels, calculated as 10x the concentration in whole brain tissue. Neurotoxicity could be precipitated in all rabbits. In normal rabbits BTF levels of BPC were considerably higher than those in CSF indicating a better penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BPC penetrated better to CSF and BTF in meningitic rabbits than in normal controls, suggesting some degree of damage of the BBB concomitant with meningeal inflammation. E. coli meningitis did not increase the neurotoxicity of BPC. In control rabbits the intracisternal injection of saline resulted in some degree of pleocytosis. Unmanipulated animals are therefore preferable as controls. Epileptogenic EEG-changes was the most precise of the two variables used for demonstration of neurotoxicity. EEG-changes were therefore used as neurotoxicity criterion in the following rabbit experiments. To evaluate the effect of uraemia alone and uraemia plus meningitis on the neurotoxity of BPC in rabbits, cephaloridine was used to induce uraemia. Meningitis was induced by intracisternal inoculation of a cephalosporin resistant strain of E. cloacae. Untreated rabbits were used as controls. Uraemia resulted in increased BTF penetration of BPC, possibly explained by permeability changes in the BBB and/or decreased binding of BPC to albumin. Uraemia did not result in increased penetration of BPC into the CSF of non-meningitic rabbits. Uraemic non-meningitic rabbits had the highest BTF levels of BPC at the criterion, indicating that cephaloridine-induced renal failure increased the epileptogenic threshold in these rabbits. The combination of uraemia and meningitis increased the neurotoxicity of BPC since the criterion was reached at considerably lower BTF levels of BPC. Meningitis, either alone or together with uraemia, did not increase the neurotoxicity in comparison to control rabbits. Higher BTF levels of BPC were found in meningitic rabbits than in controls with intact blood-CNS barriers at onset of EEG-changes. In all groups of rabbits there was a pronounced variability of BPC levels in the CSF while the intra-group variations in BTF levels were much smaller. Thus, BTF and not CSF levels were decisive for the neurotoxicity of BPC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3241958 TI - Methods of removing external metal contamination from hair samples for environmental monitoring. AB - Human exposure to trace elements has become a major environmental issue with the growing industrialization and urbanization around the world. Hair samples are the most conveniently obtainable biopsy material and they have been identified as good indicators of the metal pollution in an environment. For their effective use, however, it is necessary to exclude the effect of external contamination of the hair surface by metals. The present investigation compares the different methods of washing hair samples prior to further treatment for elemental analysis. Deionized water, solvents (acetone, ether and carbon tetrachloride), non-ionic detergent, ionic detergent (sodium lauryl sulfate), chelating agent (EDTA-2Na), ultrasonics and combinations of these agents were used in the experiments. EDTA was found to be the most suitable of these washing agents for removing external contaminant metals. Further elucidation, however, is needed before a standard method of hair washing can be established. PMID- 3241959 TI - A study of the sources of external metal contamination of hair. AB - Sources of external metal contamination of hair were examined experimentally by exposing hair samples to soil, hot water from a water boiler for domestic use and household dust and fumes in a kitchen. Copper concentration in the hair increased markedly only when the hair was exposed to hot water from the boiler. Iron concentration in the hair increased markedly after exposure to wet soil, and increased slightly after exposure to hot water from the boiler. There was a slight decrease in zinc in the hair after exposure to wet or moist soil, and a significant increase after exposure to hot water from the boiler. When the hair was exposed to household dust and fumes, zinc showed a slight increase but copper and iron showed no change at all. The experiments with soil demonstrated the importance of water in the movement of iron from soil to hair and the role played in this process by biological factors such as soil bacteria. PMID- 3241960 TI - Heavy metal concentrations in urban snow as an indicator of air pollution. AB - Manganese, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd concentrations in snow collected in and around urban areas and from snow dumping stations in Hokkaido were determined by Zeeman type atomic absorption spectrophotometry. We compared the heavy metal concentrations in the snow with background levels to see whether they could be used as an effective indicator of urban air pollution. The heavy metal concentrations in the snow clearly increased towards the center of the city of Sapporo; they were influenced by local pollution in the industrial area of the city and by the effect of the seasonal wind from the northwest. In the cities, we found the greatest influence on heavy metal concentrations was air pollution caused by industrial activities. The elemental concentrations in urban snow were from several to tens of times higher than background levels. The mean concentrations of the elements studied were in the order Mn greater than Zn greater than Pb greater than Cu greater than Cr greater than Cd, the same as in water except for Pb. We propose that data on trace metal concentrations in snow are a reliable guide to the degree of air pollution, and can be used as a simple and effective indicator of urban air pollution. PMID- 3241961 TI - Geotoxicology of multiple sclerosis: the Henribourg, Saskatchewan, cluster focus. II. The soil. AB - The childhood-related, geographically-linked factor which predisposes towards (or protects against) multiple sclerosis (MS) could be one or more chemicals in the environment. Chemical study of the environment or "focus" of an MS cluster may maximize the chances of detecting such an etiological link. The soil chemistry of an MS focus (Henribourg, Saskatchewan) was compared with North American norms, and with the chemistry of soil from a nearby control area with a near-zero incidence of MS and of childhood homes of MS cases. A combination of our present results with those reported in the literature suggests that an environment predisposing to MS may have a number of the following chemical characteristics: Calcareous; with soils (but not necessarily waters) generally low in copper, iron and vanadium; with excess lead, nickel and zinc in the upper soil layer; with waters relatively high in chloride, chromium, molybdenum, nitrate plus nitrite, and zinc; but low in selenium and sulfate. One possible causal pathway to explain the apparent link between the excess rate of MS and some of the curious geochemical findings at Henribourg is presented. Many other possible explanations could equally well be advanced, and methods for testing such alternative hypotheses are proposed. PMID- 3241962 TI - Size distribution of atmospheric aerosols in urban sites in India. AB - Particle size distribution of atmospheric aerosols was measured at different locations in Moradabad and Bombay, India, using an Andersen cascade impactor. The size distributions of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc were found to be bimodal. The respirable fraction of the particulates (less than 4.7 microns) was calculated. The fraction of fine particles was found to be greater in Bombay than in Moradabad. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) for lead, cadmium, copper and zinc was calculated. The atmospheric concentrations of these elements were also measured at the two locations. The analysis of samples was carried out by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. PMID- 3241963 TI - Lead in the scales of cobras and wall lizards from rural and urban areas of Punjab, India. AB - The shed skins of cobras and scales of wall lizards collected from heavily polluted urban areas are shown to contain significantly higher levels of lead than those of the same animals from rural areas. PMID- 3241965 TI - Etiology of subarachnoid haemorrhage in Singapore. PMID- 3241964 TI - Significance of assessment processes in environmental and human health. PMID- 3241966 TI - Epilepsy in infancy. PMID- 3241967 TI - Management of ingested foreign bodies. PMID- 3241968 TI - Tuberculous lymphadenitis in Singapore. PMID- 3241970 TI - Epilepsy in infancy. PMID- 3241971 TI - Barium swallow: its role in the management of an oesophageal F.B. PMID- 3241969 TI - Aneurysms are more common than arteriovenous malformations as the cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage in the Malaysian population. PMID- 3241972 TI - Tuberculous lymphadenitis in Singapore. PMID- 3241973 TI - The operational research study for the Singapore Myocardial Infarction Register. PMID- 3241974 TI - A community-based arthritis survey in Singapore. A pilot study. PMID- 3241975 TI - Investigations on the relative synthesis of globin chains in thalassaemia: a preliminary study in Malaysian subjects. PMID- 3241976 TI - Heart disease in pregnancy: current trends, clinical presentation and outcome of pregnancy in 77 cases. PMID- 3241977 TI - Acromegaly and cerebrovascular accidents. PMID- 3241978 TI - Olecranon fracture and tension band wiring. PMID- 3241979 TI - Gingival hyperplasia: an intra-oral side effect of phenytoin, nifedipine and cyclosporine therapies. PMID- 3241980 TI - Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea: a report of seven cases. PMID- 3241981 TI - Oxyphenisatin induced chronic active hepatitis--a potential health hazard in Singapore. PMID- 3241982 TI - Adrenal cortical carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. PMID- 3241983 TI - "Occupational asthma" from the use of coal as fuel. PMID- 3241984 TI - Renal angiomyolipoma in a family with tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 3241985 TI - Hypoglycaemic tetany--a case report. PMID- 3241986 TI - Acephalus acardius cervico-thorachophagus conjoined twin--a case report. PMID- 3241987 TI - The Season-of-Birth Paradox. PMID- 3241988 TI - Childlessness among American women. PMID- 3241989 TI - Multiple causes of death and the epidemiological transition in American Samoa. PMID- 3241990 TI - A model of fertility motivation, desires, and expectations early in women's reproductive careers. PMID- 3241991 TI - Effect of late familiarization on human mating preferences. PMID- 3241992 TI - Selection intensities in mothers of twins and in mothers of singletons. PMID- 3241993 TI - Effect of marital dissolution on fertility in Cameroon. PMID- 3241994 TI - A biobehavioral model for breastfeeding effects on return to menses postpartum in Javanese women. PMID- 3241995 TI - Consanguineous marriages in Beirut: time trends, spatial distribution. PMID- 3241996 TI - Inbreeding among endogamous groups in three multicaste villages of Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. PMID- 3241997 TI - Do r/K reproductive strategies apply to human differences? PMID- 3241999 TI - [Hairwash]. PMID- 3241998 TI - [Antilipemic agents]. PMID- 3242000 TI - [Mucocutaneous candidiasis]. PMID- 3242001 TI - [Deep mycoses]. PMID- 3242002 TI - [Rare deep mycoses]. PMID- 3242003 TI - [Mycetomas]. PMID- 3242004 TI - [Diagnostic measures in mycology]. PMID- 3242005 TI - [Treatment of mycoses]. PMID- 3242006 TI - [13 years' experience in student nurses' practice stage]. PMID- 3242007 TI - [Education of diabetics and the acceptance of diabetes]. PMID- 3242008 TI - [I, a nursing student, my 1st practice stage ... caught on!]. PMID- 3242009 TI - [The mycoses]. PMID- 3242010 TI - [The firemen-nurses]. PMID- 3242011 TI - [A fire at the hospital could be costly. Role of the nursing staff in its nursing unit]. PMID- 3242012 TI - [Hygiene in geriatrics]. PMID- 3242013 TI - [Dermatophytoses]. PMID- 3242015 TI - [A look at 3 years of nursing studies]. PMID- 3242014 TI - [Carbon monoxide poisoning]. PMID- 3242016 TI - [The nurse's role in the campaign against smoking]. PMID- 3242017 TI - [Pityriasis versicolor]. PMID- 3242018 TI - [Helping a bedridden patient into a chair]. PMID- 3242019 TI - [In the beginning ... (hospitalization of a patient with cerebrovascular disease)]. PMID- 3242020 TI - [Diagnostic criteria in cerebrovascular accidents]. PMID- 3242021 TI - [Treatment of cerebrovascular accidents in their acute phase]. PMID- 3242022 TI - [Cerebrovascular accidents in their intermediate phase]. PMID- 3242023 TI - [Cerebral vascular accidents]. PMID- 3242024 TI - [The major necessities. Vital cerebral assistance]. PMID- 3242025 TI - [And afterwards...? Cerebrovascular accidents]. PMID- 3242026 TI - [Trying to understand ... cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 3242027 TI - [Shift from theory to practice. Activating the nursing profession]. PMID- 3242028 TI - [Think about your own health. A sequence of educational activities]. PMID- 3242029 TI - [Preparation for the introduction of the student nurse into the practice period]. PMID- 3242030 TI - [Continuing education at the American Hospital in Paris]. PMID- 3242031 TI - [The nurse's role in preventive health]. PMID- 3242033 TI - [Anatomo-clinical fundamentals of vascular hemiplegias]. PMID- 3242032 TI - [Understanding well...]. PMID- 3242035 TI - [Footbath]. PMID- 3242034 TI - [Theophyllines and their derivatives]. PMID- 3242036 TI - [Physiology of urination]. PMID- 3242038 TI - [Urodynamic symptoms of bladder sphincter disorders]. PMID- 3242037 TI - [Clinical symptomatology of bladder sphincter disorders]. PMID- 3242039 TI - [Urodynamics]. PMID- 3242040 TI - [Bladder sphincter disorders of neurologic origin]. PMID- 3242041 TI - [Bladder sphincter disorders of a gynecologic-obstetrical origin]. PMID- 3242042 TI - [The bladder sphincter apparatus. Descriptive anatomy]. PMID- 3242043 TI - [Living differently. Living past the handicap: Experience in a geriatric environment]. PMID- 3242044 TI - [The nursing profession (1)]. PMID- 3242045 TI - [Oxygen tent and hyperbaric compartment]. PMID- 3242046 TI - [Professional activities reserved for nurses specialized in anesthesiology]. PMID- 3242047 TI - [The bladder sphincter apparatus. Functional anatomy]. PMID- 3242048 TI - [Amphetamines]. PMID- 3242049 TI - [The local hospital and the intervention of a local team]. PMID- 3242050 TI - [Community psychiatry. The home visit in a rural environment]. PMID- 3242051 TI - [Emergencies in the field of rural psychiatry]. PMID- 3242052 TI - [The elderly rural mental patients]. PMID- 3242053 TI - [Rural psychiatry]. PMID- 3242054 TI - [The psychiatric nurse and the psychotic patient: a daily relationship (round table)]. PMID- 3242055 TI - [The establishment of an evaluation in a hospital department]. PMID- 3242056 TI - [The psychiatrist in the fields]. PMID- 3242057 TI - [Contribution to the study of the psychopathology of migrants, particularly of North African migrant workers]. PMID- 3242058 TI - [Rural psychiatry or social psychiatry]. PMID- 3242059 TI - [Incidence of mental disorders in a rural environment]. PMID- 3242060 TI - [Anticholinergic antiparkinson agents]. PMID- 3242061 TI - [A clinical case of perverse functioning]. PMID- 3242062 TI - [Perverse behavior and psychosis]. PMID- 3242063 TI - [Psychoanalysis and perversion]. PMID- 3242064 TI - [The institution questioned and challenged by the pervert]. PMID- 3242065 TI - [Perversions]. PMID- 3242066 TI - [Psychoanalytic glossary]. PMID- 3242067 TI - [Let us make our nursing diagnosis more precise]. PMID- 3242068 TI - [Touch: a therapeutic aid within reach]. PMID- 3242069 TI - [Catalogue of perversions]. PMID- 3242070 TI - [Education and the policies of transformations and restructuring in mental health]. PMID- 3242071 TI - [A psychological policy regarding continued education]. PMID- 3242072 TI - [Universities, continuing education and nurses]. PMID- 3242073 TI - [Reflections on an experience in continuing education]. PMID- 3242074 TI - [Continuing education. An interview with M. L. Badouaille]. PMID- 3242075 TI - [Ending the silence]. PMID- 3242076 TI - [Continuing education of nurses in the psychiatric department. A bygone hope?]. PMID- 3242077 TI - [Protective measures for the severely disabled]. PMID- 3242078 TI - [A stake in the future of hospitals. Continuing education of their personnel]. PMID- 3242079 TI - [Make-up practice in a psychiatric environment]. PMID- 3242080 TI - [The practice of nurse-socio-esthetician in a specialized hospital center: analysis and reflections]. PMID- 3242081 TI - [The role to play by the nurse]. PMID- 3242082 TI - [Everyone's place in psychiatric nursing]. PMID- 3242083 TI - [Interrelationships among personnel working with psychotic children in a day hospital]. PMID- 3242084 TI - [Treatment of spinal cord compression in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3242085 TI - [Treatment of postpartum endometritis by irrigation of the uterine cavity with cooled antiseptics]. PMID- 3242086 TI - [Calcinosis of arteries of the feet in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3242087 TI - [Radiation injuries of the bones after the treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 3242089 TI - [Characteristics of the functional activity of monocytes in acute suppurative destructive lung diseases]. PMID- 3242088 TI - [Argyrosis after long-term oral intake of collargol]. PMID- 3242090 TI - [Tuberculosis and cancer of the lungs]. PMID- 3242091 TI - [Possible immunologic prevention of recurrences and metastases of gastric cancer after its radical surgical treatment]. PMID- 3242092 TI - [General and local immunity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3242093 TI - [Preventive hemosorption in esophageal cancer]. PMID- 3242096 TI - [Organization of specialized first aid and emergency medical services in Moscow]. PMID- 3242094 TI - [Plasmapheresis in the treatment of severe and malignant arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3242097 TI - [Control of the quality of medical services]. PMID- 3242095 TI - [Bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3242098 TI - [Prevalence of arterial hypertension among shift schedule workers of the oil and gas complexes of the Western Siberia]. PMID- 3242099 TI - [Clinico-experimental aspects of a new method of laser therapy of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3242100 TI - [Treatment of hyperlipidemia by acupuncture-reflexotherapy and drugs]. PMID- 3242101 TI - [Rheohepatography in the diagnosis of abdominal arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 3242102 TI - [Treatment and outpatient observation of patients with chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 3242103 TI - [Diagnosis of hepatic insufficiency in surgical diseases]. PMID- 3242104 TI - [Non-adjuvant chemotherapy in the complex treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 3242105 TI - [Echocardiographic indices of uremia patients being treated by hemodiafiltration]. PMID- 3242106 TI - [Combined prolapse of the mitral and tricuspid valve cusps]. PMID- 3242107 TI - [Familial spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 3242108 TI - [A case of the successful treatment of the Stevens-Johnson syndrome]. PMID- 3242109 TI - [Chlorophyllypt in the combined treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3242110 TI - [Effectiveness of using baliz-2 for treating suppurative wounds of the soft tissues]. PMID- 3242111 TI - [Content of total immunoglobulin E of the blood serum in patients with acute viral hepatitis A and B undergoing prodigiozan and ibuprofen treatment]. PMID- 3242112 TI - [Problems in optimizing international cooperation]. PMID- 3242113 TI - [Prolactin and steroid hormones in the blood in local disorders of the lymph plasma circulation in breast cancer patients]. PMID- 3242114 TI - [Pulmonary hypertension and hemodynamics in myocarditis during a head-down tilt test]. PMID- 3242116 TI - [The reorientation of communal public health]. PMID- 3242115 TI - [Emergency states in pulmonology]. PMID- 3242117 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of the dispensary care of the population]. PMID- 3242118 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the economic loss in the rehabilitation of patients with diaphyseal femoral fractures]. PMID- 3242119 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients who have had a stroke]. PMID- 3242120 TI - [Natural killer activity in diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 3242121 TI - [Emergency states in idiopathic myocarditis]. PMID- 3242122 TI - [Problems in controlling relapses in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3242123 TI - [An analysis of the therapeutic and diagnostic measures taken in croupous pneumonia with a fatal outcome]. PMID- 3242124 TI - [Classification, diagnosis and treatment of x-ray-negative lung cancer]. PMID- 3242125 TI - [Late results of antrumectomy with vagotomy]. PMID- 3242126 TI - [Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of myasthenia in thymic tumors]. PMID- 3242127 TI - [Function of the adenohypophysis and adrenals in ruptures of aneurysms of the cerebral arteries]. PMID- 3242128 TI - [Neurological disorders during the treatment of patients with nAsopharyngeal cancer]. PMID- 3242129 TI - [Drug intolerance in persons coming in contact with antibiotics]. PMID- 3242130 TI - [Subjective ideas on nutrition and obesity of puerperae]. PMID- 3242131 TI - [Wilson-Konovalov disease and pregnancy]. PMID- 3242132 TI - [Indications for surgical treatment in stomach cancer with metastases to the ovaries]. PMID- 3242133 TI - [Choice of the treatment in fractures of the proximal femur]. PMID- 3242134 TI - [Contraception by microdose progestational hormones]. PMID- 3242135 TI - [Sleep disorders in infants and children]. PMID- 3242136 TI - [Sudden infant death]. PMID- 3242137 TI - [Sleep disorders in hospitalized children. Reflections of a nursing team]. PMID- 3242138 TI - [Sleep disorders in children: practical advice]. PMID- 3242139 TI - [Questions and answers on children's sleep disorders]. PMID- 3242140 TI - [Sleep]. PMID- 3242141 TI - [Children's sleep. Role of the school nurse]. PMID- 3242143 TI - Oesophagoscopy for the diagnosis of superficial oesophageal cancer. AB - The endoscopic findings and the surgical results of 131 resected cases of superficial oesophageal cancer are described. Of these 131 cases 24 (18%) had mucosal cancer. Twenty-one (88%) of 24 cases of mucosal cancer of the oesophagus had neither nodal involvement nor vascular invasion, and therefore excellent long term results can be anticipated. In order to obtain good results in the treatment of mucosal cancer of the oesophagus, the role of oesophagoscopy is extremely important in the early diagnosis of this cancer. PMID- 3242142 TI - [The various sleep stages. Sleep of the newborn]. PMID- 3242144 TI - Value of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS). AB - Since July 1975, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) has been performed in 533 cases, and since April 1977 we have developed percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) as a diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopical tool in 198 cases of malignant disease and 195 benign cases. After dilating the sinus tract of PTBD using a 15-Fr catheter about 2 weeks after PTBD, PTCS was carried out through the sinus tract. PTCS has diagnostic advantages: the lesion can be accurately diagnosed histologically and the extent of cancer in the biliary tract can be assessed by taking biopsy specimens before the operation. PTCS has been applied for cholangioscopic lithotripsy in 145 cases of gallstone disease. In 44 cases, the Nd-YAG laser and/or electrohydraulic shock wave has been used to break up the stones. The PTCS morbidity was 6% and mortality was 0.3%. PMID- 3242145 TI - Biliary stones: treatment by shock-wave lithotripsy. AB - Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy has been introduced as a novel nonsurgical therapy for gallstone disease. To substantiate the initial results, more than 400 patients with biliary calculi have been treated. In selected patients with gallbladder stones, complete clearance of all stone fragments can be expected within 1 year in about 80%. In patients with bile-duct stones not amenable to endoscopic measures, sufficient stone fragmentation by extracorporeal shock waves was achieved in about 80%. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is a safe and efficient therapy for selected patients with gallbladder calculi. For patients with bile-duct stones not amenable to endoscopic measures it offers a nonsurgical alternative. PMID- 3242146 TI - Conceptual developments through colonoscopy. AB - Fiberoptic colonoscopy is 25 years old this year. Improvement in instruments led rapidly to wide acceptance of colonoscopy in diagnosis and therapy of colorectal diseases. The diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplasms was revolutionized by colonoscopy. The differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, assessment of its extent and severity, response to treatment, and potential for development of cancer are all made easier by colonoscopy. Colonoscopy has improved the diagnosis of diverticular disease, rectal bleeding, identification of ischemia, and other problems. Therapeutic colonoscopy has radically changed the management of colonic polyps, and colonoscopic polypectomy is now the standard form of treatment for most of these lesions. Treatment of bleeding lesions, decompression of obstruction, and removal of foreign bodies are other examples of therapeutic colonoscopic procedures. PMID- 3242147 TI - [International sports medicine--current responsibilities and goals]. AB - A brief historical outline of the development of sports medicine is followed by an explanation of the structure of the World Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), and by a description of international tasks of sports medicine. Finally, topical aspects in research and practice are outlined. PMID- 3242148 TI - [The value of arthroscopy following traumatic patellar dislocation]. AB - Traumatic dislocations of the patella and associated osteochondral fractures can be easily diagnosed by arthroscopy. During 1984-1986 acute arthroscopy was performed in 280 patients with traumatic haemarthrosis of the knee joint. In 26 cases the intraarticular bleeding was caused by patellar dislocation. Most of these injuries occurred during sports activities. Arthroscopic surgery gave excellent results in most of the cases. Arthrotomy had to be performed in 3 patients only. PMID- 3242149 TI - [Leg positioning device for facilitating arthroscopy and arthrotomy of the knee joint]. AB - The knee positioning device presented above fulfills all requirements to be met for positioning the leg for all procedures on the knee. Possible adjustments during the surgical procedure can be carried out by the operating surgeon or his assistant while maintaining the asepsis. It allows immediate arthrotomy after the diagnostic arthroscopy has been carried out without demanding a new sterile covering. PMID- 3242150 TI - [The overstretched patellar tendon in patellar apex syndrome]. AB - Pain syndromes of the patella in persons active in sports are extremely frequent. The most important subgroup (by incidence rate) is the apex patellae syndrome (jumper's knee). Since all attempts at ascribing objective diagnostic criteria with satisfactory reproducibility to this syndrome, have failed to date, we have tried to define this disease pattern by means of analysis of the patellar movement. 35 patients with primary apex patellae syndrome (56 painful knee joints) and 15 healthy subjects (30 knee joints) were examined. The movement of the patella while stretching the knee in the posterior-anterior ray path was recorded on x-ray film and on magnetic tape. Assessment of the vertical movements of the patellae--in relation to the angle of extension of the knee joints- yielded the following results: 1. Initial and final positions of the patella in the apex patellae syndrome were the same as those of the control group. 2. If the knee was stretched from a 30 degree angle, the path travelled by the patella was significantly longer in case of apex patellae syndrome. The mobile performance of the patella in the apex patellae syndrome is seen as an expression of an elongated patellar ligament. Enhanced long-term longitudinal stretch is considered to be the cause of such elongation. The principal sign of the syndrome, namely, pain at the apex patellae, can be explained by: 1. an elongation of the patellar tendon with formation of an angle between the patellar ligament and the patella on the sagittal plane during flexing and strain, 2. deterioration of the plastic ligament properties and impulse absorption capacities due to overstretching.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242151 TI - [Neurinoma of the L3 spinal nerve root as a cause of stress-induced lumbo ischialgias]. AB - Degenerative diseases of the lumbar vertebral discs or the vertebral joints are the main causes of low back pain and sciatica following overstraining during sports activities. However, they are rarely seen in sportsmen engaged in competitive sports because these persons are mostly young and well-trained. Other neurological diseases are even rarer as possible causes of sciatica. That is why we report on a young athletic who is a short-distance hurdler (110m hurdle race) and has been suffering from a neurinoma of the spinal nerve root L3 with sciatica and pain in the knee as initial symptoms. Attention is drawn to the importance of neurological examinations as part of medical examinations conducted by sports physicians for the purpose of obtaining an overall guiding picture of the subjects' health status. PMID- 3242152 TI - [Spinal deviations in sports medicine practice]. AB - The examination of the spine in sportsmen is imperative. The anatomical configuration reveals the X-ray examination, where the radiation is, however, considerable. Our apparatus eliminates the danger of radiation, using a non invasive method of examination, at the same time enabling to state the grade of curvature both in the frontal and the sagittal level. It also secures the standard posture at examination. The authors have also found the conclusive physiological deviation of the single curvatures of the spine, and examined various groups of sportsmen in which the grade of pathological curvature was evaluated. PMID- 3242153 TI - [Homologous replacement of the cruciate ligament in the animal experiment]. AB - A homologous cruciate ligament transplantation was effected in 20 Alsation dogs. Clinical, pathologico-anatomical and histological results were obtained from 16 animals after 3, 6 and 9 months, respectively, proving metaplasia of the transplant to endogenous body tissue. The clinical conclusion of this finding is that an anatomically optimally-structured ligament replacement can be inserted by means of a relatively uncomplicated operation--possibly even by using arthroscopy. The low amount of traumatization due to this type of surgery will be of advantage especially to sportsmen, who, as is well known, not only suffer from frequent cruciate ligament ruptures but also have remarkably long-term deficits by large operation wounds both in regaining their proprioceptive performance ability and their muscular power. PMID- 3242154 TI - [Running injuries and running shoe construction: demonstration of possible correlations]. AB - Previous investigations about the running shoe design demonstrated a relationship between the geometry of the shoe sole, the ground reaction forces and the foot movements during impact. Thus, the question arised in which way this relationship would influence the internal forces. The purpose of this investigation was to model the impact situation and to simulate different sole geometries in order to calculate the internal forces and the pronation velocity. The results show that the geometry has a small effect upon the joint forces, but a very high effect on the pronation velocity. As a consequence, the joint forces changed only by 10% or less, but the load of the structures which are stressed by pronation is increased up to 200%. Thus, the control of the initial pronation is much more important in current running shoe design than the shock-absorption. PMID- 3242155 TI - [Recurrent shoulder dislocation. On the sports capacity following surgical therapy]. AB - The traumatic dislocation is one of the most seen dislocations of great joints. In 70% it happens to patients during sports and between 20 and 60% of cases are followed by instability of the shoulder. An explorative study informs about case history, postoperative course and sports participation after surgical treatment of recurrent dislocations of the shoulder. Good results of sports participation can be achieved with early diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. PMID- 3242156 TI - [Roentgenologic signs of anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency]. AB - Of 174 patients suffering from an insufficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament who had been treated between 1974 and 1987 at the Hohenems hospital by ligament plasty, 33 (18.9%) showed a significant dilation and raising of the median tubercle of the intercondylar eminence without any other arthrotic changes. Of the 35 cases where the trauma had occurred more than three years ago, 21 (39.6%) showed this sign, which, therefore, can be considered as a diagnostic pointer. PMID- 3242157 TI - [Triathlon--continuous stress on muscles, tendons and bones?]. AB - Injuries in triathletes are in the majority of the cases exertion injuries; trauma is rare. An athlete developed in triathlon races, after two metatarsal stress fractures and one in the distal tibia, a fourth stress fracture in the proximal tibia. The injury-provoking factors were a steep increase of the weekly mileage in combination with a pronated flat foot. PMID- 3242158 TI - [Accidents with the "paraglider"]. AB - With a collective of 46 patients we show the details and kinds of accidents caused by paragliding. The base for the casuistry of the accidents was a questionnaire which was answered by most of the injured persons. These were questions about the theoretical and practical training, the course of the flight during the different phases, and the subjective point of view of the course of the accident. The patterns of the injuries showed a high incidence of injuries of the spinal column and high risks for the ankles. At the end, we give some advice how to prevent these accidents. PMID- 3242159 TI - [Rupture of the triceps tendon in the athlete]. AB - Subcutaneous rupture of the triceps tendon is mostly preceded by previous damage. Local injections, systemic anabolics, metabolic disorders, damage due to overstrain in heavy athletes and body builders are risk factors. Surgical treatment is mandatory. If the rupture has occurred mainly at the point of insertion of the tendon, we can recommend transosseous refixation via V-bore channels with early functional follow-up treatment. PMID- 3242160 TI - [Rhabdomyolysis in a bodybuilder using anabolic steroids]. AB - The clinical course and the laboratory findings of a massive rhabdomyolysis in a male bodybuilder is presented. Particularly spectacular are the light- and electron-microscopical pictures of the histological findings. The acute renal failure as the most important and major life-threatening complication of the rhabdomyolysis is considered and the successful therapeutic procedure is described. The probability of a causal relation between anabolic steroids and rhabdomyolysis is discussed as well as the resulting consequences for the care of athletes in sports medicine. PMID- 3242161 TI - [Spinal changes in artistic gymnasts]. AB - 36 former competitive artistic women gymnasts and 10 general women gymnasts were examined after at least three years following their withdrawal from sports, for any pathological changes in their vertebral column. Anamnesis revealed that 64% of the artistic gymnasts complained of back pain during competitive sports, and even after having given it up there were still 61% complaining. X-ray film showed degenerative changes of the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral joints in 51.4%. Incidence of spondylolysis was 31.4% and hence two and a half times above that among the normal population. In 22 cases where x-ray films were available from the time they had been active, we found an increase rate of 36.4% in respect of spondylolysis, a worsening of scoliosis by 22.7% and an increase in degenerative changes at the minor vertebral joints by 31.8%. PMID- 3242162 TI - Circulating sex steroids after induction of luteinized unruptured follicles in adult guinea pigs. AB - Luteinized unruptured follicles (LUFs) typically occur when exogenous gonadotropins are administered to adult female guinea pigs prior to the onset of ovulation. In this study, LUFs were induced with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and serum steroids were measured for the next eight days. Serum progesterone was elevated following the hCG injection, but values did not reach the peak levels observed during untreated estrous cycles and declined prematurely. Serum estradiol was similar during untreated cycles and after hCG treatment. Androstenedione and testosterone were elevated two days after the hCG injection but returned to baseline thereafter. The presence of LUFs was verified by ovarian histology of similarly treated animals. These results demonstrate that hCG-induced LUFs in adult guinea pigs are functionally deficient as compared to corpora lutea arising from spontaneous ovulation. PMID- 3242163 TI - Influence of compensatory overload on glucocorticoid receptors in rat skeletal muscle. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the state of glucocorticoid cytosol receptor binding in muscle hypertrophied by compensatory overload in normal, testosterone-treated, and castrated male rats. Compensatory hypertrophy in plantaris muscles was induced by myomectomy of the gastrocnemius and the soleus of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The controlateral sham-operated limb was used as control. The rats were divided in 3 groups: control injected with peanut oil, castrated injected with peanut oil, and castrated injected with testosterone propionate (1 mg/rat). Five days later the animals were sacrificed and the muscles obtained for glucocorticoid receptor binding studies using [3H]dexamethasone as ligand. Receptor concentrations (Bmax) were significantly increased in hypertrophied muscle and the increase was not affected either by castration or by androgen treatment. These results tend to suggest that gonadal steroids do not participate in hypertrophy-induced proliferation of glucocorticoid receptors. PMID- 3242164 TI - Induction of nucleolar changes in rat luminal cells by single injection or low dose infusion of estradiol. AB - The nucleolar area of rat uterine luminal epithelial cells was measured for 41 h after beginning either of two dosage regimens of estradiol (E2): a single injection of 1.0 microgram E2 or a continuous infusion of E2 at a rate of 1.0 microgram/24 h. In response to a single injection of E2, mean nucleolar area was significantly elevated above control levels by 10 h. Nucleolar morphology showed slight changes, but the fibrillar component was always associated with 2-3 fibrillar centers by 10 h. In response to a continuous infusion of E2, mean nucleolar area was elevated by 10 h, reached a maximum by 18 h, and remained relatively constant thereafter. Nucleolar morphology showed significant changes by 10 h; the fibrillar component was commercially denser. Bivariate histograms of nuclear versus nucleolar areas showed a bimodal distribution after both injection and infusion, suggesting that two size classes of nuclei existed after estrogen stimulation. The results suggest that: 1) a continuous infusion of E2 at a rate of 1.0 microgram/24 h was more effective in inducing larger increases in nucleolar area and transcription than a single injection of 1.0 microgram E2 at time 0; 2) using analysis of nuclear and nucleolar areas two subpopulations of cells were identified; and 3) continuous infusion of E2 produced a steady state of ribosome production and cytoplasmic transport by 18 h. PMID- 3242166 TI - Effect of 4-hydroxyandrostenedione on 19-hydroxylation of deoxycorticosterone in the golden Syrian hamster. AB - 4-Hydroxyandrostenedione, a known inhibitor of ovarian and peripheral aromatization of androgen (testosterone and androstenedione) to form estrogen, was studied for its inhibitory effect on the 19-hydroxylating enzyme system of the adrenal for the conversion of deoxycorticosterone to 19 hydroxydeoxycorticosterone. In vitro incubation of Golden Syrian hamster adrenal homogenates with tritiated deoxycorticosterone demonstrated (80-85%) reduction in label incorporated into 19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone in the presence of 4 hydroxyandrostenedione. PMID- 3242165 TI - Androgen metabolism by human peritoneal macrophages. AB - Peritoneal macrophages (PM) were obtained by peritoneal dialysis from a regularly menstruating woman with renal failure. Macrophages (10(6) cells) were incubated at 37 degrees C for various periods of time (0-4 hr) in the presence of 14C androstenedione or 3H-androstenedione and various concentrations (0.06-5.06 microM) of nonradiolabeled androstenedione (A). Testosterone (T) formed was purified by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, acetylation, and recrystalization to constant 3H:14C ratios. The rate of formation of T from A was linear for nearly 2 hr. Conversion of A to T was linear at cell numbers in the incubation up to 1 x 10(6). The formation of T from A followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics at concentrations of A between 0.06 and 5.06 microM. The apparent Km of the enzyme for A was 0.75 microM and the Vmax for T formation from A in these cells was 33.9 pmol x hr-1 x 10(6) cells-1. PM were obtained also from normal patients (n = 6) and patients with endometriosis (n = 5). The rate of T synthesis from A in PM obtained from patients with endometriosis [527 +/- 263 pmol x hr-1 x 10(6) cells-1 (mean +/- SEM, n = 5)] was similar to that observed in PM obtained from normal patients [518 +/- 226 pmol x hr-1 x 10(6) cells-1 (mean +/- SEM, n = 6)]. We observed a near 30-fold variation in the rate of formation of T from A by PM obtained from different individuals (range 54 to 1580 pmol x hr-1 x 10(6) cells-1). Further study is needed to elucidate the physiologic significance of PM androgen metabolism and its relationship to reproductive function. PMID- 3242168 TI - Effects of adrenalectomy and spironolactone on urinary metabolites of aldosterone in rats. AB - The quantities and temporal sequences of appearance of aldosterone metabolites in the urine of adrenalectomized rats, and adrenalectomized rats treated with spironolactone, were compared following subcutaneous administration of a physiological dosage (0.05 microgram) of [1,2,-3H]aldosterone. Large amounts of radiometabolites were rapidly excreted during 0-1 and 1-3 h and only small quantities by 3-4 h in urine of both groups of rats. The majority of the urinary radiometabolites (70-85%) were identified by Sephadex DEAP-LH-20 chromatography as neutral metabolites of aldosterone (NMA), together with lesser quantities of acidic, sulfate, and glucuronide conjugates. Further characterization by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that 90% of the NMA excreted by adrenalectomized rats were polar metabolites which could be separated into at least 15 peaks eluting in regions of increasing polarity (designated A, B, C, and D). Only small quantities of unaltered [3H]aldosterone and no ring-A-reduced metabolites were excreted by the adrenalectomized rats. Spironolactone treatment caused large changes in the excretion of acidic and sulfate derivatives of aldosterone, as well as discrete alterations in the HPLC patterns of the polar NMA (particularly those metabolites in regions A and B). Such discrete changes in these metabolic pathways which occur at the same time as the hormonal actions of aldosterone in the kidney may provide further insight into understanding the biological role of aldosterone metabolism. PMID- 3242167 TI - Human pharmacokinetics of ethynyl estradiol 3-sulfate and 17-sulfate. AB - Pharmacokinetic parameters of ethynyl estradiol 3-sulfate (EE-3) and 17-sulfate (EE-17) were estimated. Each sulfate was administered orally and intravenously to five ovariectomized volunteer women. Blood samples were taken over a period of 24 h. Radioimmunoassay for free and sulfoconjugated ethynyl estradiol (EE) was performed. The analysis of the plasma concentrations obtained after administration of EE-3 and EE-17 indicates significant differences in their pharmacokinetic profiles. EE-3 is cleared more rapidly from the central compartment (systemic circulation), which may indicate that differences in protein binding, tissue binding, metabolism, and distribution exist between EE-3 and EE-17. It has been suggested that these conjugates are a slow-release reservoir for maintenance of blood levels of free EE itself. However, previous studies in baboons have shown that the half-lives of the free and sulfoconjugated EE are similar (ranging from 8.8 to 11.2 h), which is not consistent with this hypothesis. The t1/2 beta (mean 9.28 h) of the 17-sulfate after IV administration was almost identical in women and baboons, and similar to the t1/2 beta of free EE, confirming the previous observation. Only 3.4% of IV and 11.4% of the orally administered 17-sulfate appeared in the blood as free EE; with the 3-sulfate, the conversions were 13.7 and 20.7%, respectively, suggesting that these sulfates are not important slow-release reservoirs. The similarity of pharmacokinetic parameters between women and baboons suggests that this species of nonhuman primate is, in important respects, a suitable animal model for clinical pharmacology. PMID- 3242169 TI - Nuclear location of hormone-free estrogen receptors by monoclonal antibodies could be a tissue-fixation dependent artifact. AB - The 'two-step' model proposed by Jensen and his collaborators for explaining estrogen action conceptualized hormone-free estrogen receptors (ER) to be cytoplasmic, and hormone-filled, transformed ER to be nuclear. Applying monoclonal antibodies which recognized epitopes in ER and formaldehyde-fixed tissues, King et al demonstrated exclusively nuclear staining in target tissues utilizing immunoperoxidase technique. Recently these antibodies have become commercially available enabling other investigators to conduct studies. In this report, using these monoclonal antibodies we have demonstrated that a change in the concentration of formaldehyde alters the staining pattern yielding cytoplasmic instead of nuclear staining in calf uterus, MCF-7 cells, and ER(+) human breast cancer. In addition, neutralization of the antibody activity was not achieved with freshly prepared ER(+) cytosols. Formaldehyde-treated cytosols were essential. These results ought to caution investigators in determining in vivo location of antigens based on the staining pattern obtained in fixed tissues. Furthermore, this effect of formaldehyde on estrogen receptors may be applicable to other steroid hormone receptors. PMID- 3242170 TI - Inhibition of progesterone synthesis in normal and transformed human placental cells by tight binding inhibitors of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. AB - The biosynthesis of progesterone from [3H]pregnenolone was curvilinear over a 6 h time course in human placenta cytotrophoblasts and in human placenta choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3 cells). Mass measurements determined independently by radioimmunoassay indicate that the progesterone synthesized by cytotrophoblasts (21.0 +/- 5.20 ng/6 h/mg protein) is substantially higher than that synthesized by the JEG-3 cells (4.48 +/- 0.56 ng/6 h/mg protein). Two tight binding inhibitors of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (2 alpha cyanoprogesterone I and cyanoketone II), and a potent inhibitor of the microsomal conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone (2 alpha-bromo-5 alpha-androstan-3-one 17 beta-acetate III) were compared as inhibitors of progesterone synthesis in the two cell-types. Compounds I and II were very potent inhibitors yielding IC50 values of between 10 and 20 nM. At higher concentrations (100 nM - 1,000 nM) compound I promoted a complete cessation of progesterone synthesis which could be reversed by washing the cells free of inhibitor. By contrast compound III was ineffectual as an inhibitor yielding an IC50 value greater than 10 microM. This 1,000-fold difference in inhibitory potency suggests that 2 alpha-cyano substituted steroids display an unusual capacity to inhibit progesterone biosynthesis and secretion in normal and transformed human cells. PMID- 3242171 TI - Synthesis of 5,17-dihydroxy-5 alpha, 17 alpha,-19-norpregn-20-yn-3-one, a major photodegradation product of norethindrone. AB - A convenient synthesis of 5,17-dihydroxy-5 alpha,17 alpha-19-norpregn-20-yn-3-one in multigram quantities from norethindrone is reported. Confirmation of the structural assignment of this major photodegradation product of norethindrone is thus made. PMID- 3242172 TI - Estrogen receptor binding tolerance of 16 alpha-substituted estradiol derivatives. AB - In order to examine the tolerance of the estrogen receptor for 16 alpha substituents in estradiol, we have synthesized various 16 alpha-substituted estrogens and determined their binding affinity for receptor by a competitive radiometric binding assay. The substituents ranged from small, single-atom substituents (halogens), two-atom substituents (halomethyl groups), to larger alkyl groups and ultimately alkyl groups bearing various functionality, including fluorescent (nitrobenzoxadiazole, NBD) and photoreactive (nitroazidophenyl, NAP) groups. The estrogen receptor seems to have a moderate tolerance for bulky substituents: All of the halogen and halomethyl substituents bind with an affinity at least 50% that of estradiol; in the three atom alkyl series, the affinity declined markedly from propargyl (44%) and allyl (38%) to propyl (5%), suggestive of detailed steric constraints or a preference for unsaturation. The larger, more highly functionalized derivatives ranged in affinity from 0.1-7%, with the highest affinity binders being benzyl (5%) and 4-phenoxy-2(E)-butenyl (7%); most of the lowest affinity ones were the bulky fluorescent and photoreactive derivatives. Thus, the estrogen receptor has good tolerance for estradiol derivatives substituted at the 16 alpha-position with nonpolar groups of moderate bulk; however, with groups of larger bulk, affinity is much lower and becomes highly dependent upon the polarity and detailed structure of the substituents. PMID- 3242174 TI - Conversion of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 5 alpha, 3 alpha, and 20 alpha reduced metabolites by female rat anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. AB - The metabolism of 17 alpha-[3H]hydroxyprogesterone was examined in female rat anterior pituitary and hypothalamic tissues. After reverse isotopic dilution analysis and purification to constant specific activity, the following 5 alpha-, 3 alpha- and 20 alpha-reduced products were detected in both tissues: 17 alpha hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione; 3 alpha,17 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan 20-one; 17 alpha,20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha,17 alpha,20 alpha-triol. While the metabolites formed were qualitatively the same, there were quantitative differences between the two tissues. The 3 alpha,5 alpha-reduced metabolite, 3 alpha,17 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20 one, was the principal product in the anterior pituitary while the 5 alpha reduced metabolite, 17 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, was produced in largest amount by the hypothalamus. With both tissues, the aforementioned four products plus starting substrate accounted for nearly all of the starting radioactivity. There was no evidence for the formation of C19 steroids (androgens) despite the presence of the 17 alpha-hydroxy group. PMID- 3242173 TI - A comparison of 11 beta-chloromethylestradiol and tamoxifen aziridine as affinity labeling reagents for estrogen receptors. AB - The tritium-labeled from of 11 beta-chloromethylestradiol was prepared by metal hydride reduction of the 17-keto derivative. Affinity labeling experiments were carried out using [3H] 11 beta-chloromethylestradiol and [3H]tamoxifen aziridine with estrogen receptor from crude, calf uterine cytosol and partially purified (heparin-sepharose chromatography) preparations. Both compounds formed highly stable receptor complexes. Estrogen specific, covalent binding, however, was indicated only for [3H]tamoxifen aziridine. An equilibrium dissociation constant of 2.8 x 10(-10) M was determined for the receptor-[3H] 11 beta chloromethylestradiol interaction. Measurement of hormone dissociation kinetics at 30 degrees C revealed a slow, single phase dissociation of 11 beta chloromethylestradiol from the receptor (dissociation rate constant, 1.3 x 10(-3) min-1). This contrasted with the normal biphasic dissociation pattern of estradiol in which the dissociation rate constant for the slower component was 16.7 x 10(-3) min-1. The results indicate that 11 beta-chloromethylestradiol readily converts the estrogen receptor to a high affinity binding form and suggest that the radiolabeled hormone may prove useful for studies of estrogen action. PMID- 3242175 TI - Identification of bile alcohols in serum from healthy humans. AB - Bile alcohol glucuronides present in human serum were isolated by ion exchange chromatography on piperidino-hydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20. Following hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase, the bile alcohols were analyzed by a combination of gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Bile alcohols identified were 27-nor 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25-pentol, 27-nor-5 beta-cholestane 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25,26-hexol, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25-pentol, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,26-pentol, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25,26-pentol, and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25,26-hexol. The bile alcohol composition in serum was similar to that in urine but not to that in bile. The concentration of total bile alcohols in serum was 59.5 +/- 24.6 micrograms/L. PMID- 3242176 TI - Sterols of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni strain A-1. AB - Two new sterols, stigmasta-5,7,22,25-tetraene-3 beta -ol (1) and stigmasta 5,7,14,22,25-pentaene-3 beta -ol (2), have been characterized along with ergosterol and 7-dehydrostigmasterol in the nonsaponifiable fraction of the total lipids extracted from trophozoites of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni strain A-1 (virulent strain). However, these sterols were found to be absent in the nonpathogenic strain C-7 of A. culbertsoni. PMID- 3242177 TI - Influence of endogenous prolactin on the luteinizing hormone stimulation of testicular steroidogenesis and the role of prolactin in adult male rats. AB - The role of endogenous prolactin (PRL) in the control of testosterone (T) secretion and T responses to LH treatment was evaluated in adult male rats. Rats were actively immunized three times against ovine PRL in Freund's adjuvant-saline mixture (PRL-IMM rats), and control rats were treated with adjuvant-saline mixture (ADJ-CON rats). On day 110 after initial immunization, rats in each of these two groups were divided into three subgroups. Rats in subgroups 1 and 2 were injected with saline while those in subgroup 3 received 200 micrograms ovine PRL in saline, twice a day for a total of 7 injections. On day 113, the seventh injection was given 3 h before the termination of the experiment. On the same day, 2.5 h before the rats were sacrificed, rats in subgroups 1 and 3 were treated with saline; animals in subgroup 2 received 25 micrograms ovine LH in saline. Blood samples were obtained throughout the study, and sera were used for measurement of PRL antibodies, gonadotropins, progesterone (P), and T. PRL antibodies were detected in the sera of all rats actively immunized with PRL. Administration of PRL increased serum T levels in ADJ-CON rats, and this effect was eliminated in rats actively immunized against PRL. LH treatment significantly increased serum T levels in ADJ-CON rats. In PRL-IMM rats, this increase was attenuated while circulating P concentrations were elevated. These data demonstrate that PRL treatment can increase T secretion and that endogenous PRL is required for the complete expression of the stimulatory action of LH on T secretion in adult male rats. PMID- 3242178 TI - Androsta-4,16-diene-3,6-dione: an unknown member among the smelling androst-16 enes. AB - The synthesis of a still-unknown member of the physiologically interesting 16 unsaturated C19 steroids - androsta-4,16-diene-3,6-dione - is described. The spectroscopic data of the new compound are reported. PMID- 3242179 TI - A simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sex hormone-binding globulin. AB - A simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) has been developed. Polyclonal antibody raised to SHBG purified to homogeneity was employed. The ELISA, which may be performed in under 4 h, shows no cross-reactivity with other serum proteins, has a sensitivity of less than 1.2 fmol per sample, demonstrates excellent correlation with ligand-binding techniques (r = 0.996; p less than 0.0001), and has intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of between 5-9% and 7-11% respectively. PMID- 3242180 TI - Radioimmunoassay of total and free corticosterone in rat plasma: measurement of the effect of different doses of corticosterone. AB - A radioimmunological method was developed for determining total and free corticosterone in rat plasma. This method was used to determine the dose-response curve of corticosterone and to measure the elimination and study the half-lives of total and free corticosterone in rat plasma with a dose of 5 mg/kg. The elimination with a dose of 5 mg/kg, when drawn on the half-logarithmic scale, formed a straight line. The half-lives for total and free corticosterone were 25 and 15 min, respectively. PMID- 3242181 TI - The synthesis of a radiolabeled photoaffinity analog of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - The synthesis of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-3 beta-[N-(4-azido-2-nitro-[2,6 3H] phenyl)]glycinate, a radiolabeled photoaffinity analog of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, is described. PMID- 3242182 TI - The predictability of esophageal burns after caustic ingestion in children. PMID- 3242183 TI - Serum IgE levels of healthy children in the Trabzon region of Turkey. PMID- 3242184 TI - Pyloric atresia. A case report. PMID- 3242185 TI - Development of bronchial mucous plugs under anesthesia and removal by bronchoscopy during open-heart surgery. A case report. PMID- 3242186 TI - The effect of ethamsylate on neonatal mortality in preterm infants. PMID- 3242187 TI - Juvenile polyps of the colon and rectum. PMID- 3242188 TI - Familial idiopathic hypercalciuria. PMID- 3242189 TI - Serum thyrotropin, thyroxin and triiodothyronine concentrations in maternal and cord blood of goitrous and non-goitrous pregnant women living in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. PMID- 3242190 TI - Riboflavin in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 3242192 TI - A case of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. PMID- 3242191 TI - High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia with ocular involvement. PMID- 3242193 TI - [Ultrasonic correction of glaucoma surgery]. PMID- 3242194 TI - [Effectiveness of repeat laser trabeculoplasty in open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 3242195 TI - [Prevention of the loss of the vitreous body in extracapsular cataract extraction]. PMID- 3242196 TI - [The importance of vitrectomy in treating traumatic retinal detachment]. PMID- 3242197 TI - [The immediate results of a nonsurgical method of scleral reinforcement in progressive myopia]. PMID- 3242198 TI - [Evaluation of the stabilizing action of the injection of a scleral-reinforcing agent on clinical ocular refraction in progressive myopia]. PMID- 3242199 TI - [Scleroplasty results in progressive myopia as viewed by computed tomography]. PMID- 3242200 TI - [Material and technical equipment for Soviet ophthalmology]. PMID- 3242201 TI - [Scleroplastic operations in pathological myopia]. PMID- 3242202 TI - [The role of the ocular drainage system in progressive myopia]. PMID- 3242204 TI - [Thymus insufficiency and its correction in patients with recurrent ophthalmic herpes]. PMID- 3242203 TI - [Efficacy of the use of contact lenses in patients with myopia complicated by peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophy]. PMID- 3242205 TI - [The prediction of relapses of herpetic keratitis by determining dehydrogenase activity in the lacrimal fluid]. PMID- 3242206 TI - [Comparative evaluation of immunologic reactivity in patients with chronic uveitis and uveopathies]. PMID- 3242207 TI - [The role of autoantibodies in the development of certain forms of human cataract]. PMID- 3242208 TI - [Color visual fields in normal mesopic adaptation]. PMID- 3242210 TI - [An initial trial of the clinical use of continuous second-harmonic radiation (with a 0.532-mcm wavelength) from a yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser in treating certain forms of macular pathology]. PMID- 3242209 TI - [Treatment results using the preparation ENKAD in patients with peripheral tapetoretinal abiotrophy]. PMID- 3242212 TI - [The side effects of conjunctival instillation of klofelin in bronchial asthma patients]. PMID- 3242211 TI - [Outpatient care of workers at the Ufa Bakery Products Mill]. PMID- 3242213 TI - [Tuberculoma of the choroid simulating an intraocular tumor]. PMID- 3242214 TI - [Postoperative subdiaphragmatic abscesses and their treatment]. AB - The authors have found that subdiaphragmatic abscesses developed in 67 (0.62%) out of 10,757 patients operated on organs of the abdominal cavity. A detailed analysis of incidence, causes and localization of subdiaphragmatic abscesses after different operations is given. Questions of clinical and roentgenological diagnostics and results of the treatment of these complications are discussed. PMID- 3242215 TI - [Rational variant of the method of freeing the finger from the hard-to-remove ring]. PMID- 3242216 TI - [Controlled osteosynthesis in femoral neck fractures using a helicoid fixator]. PMID- 3242217 TI - [Diagnosis of rupture of the ligament system of the knee joint]. PMID- 3242218 TI - [The use of lysozyme in surgical practice]. PMID- 3242219 TI - [Falconer-Weddell costoclavicular syndrome in sportsmen]. PMID- 3242221 TI - [Risk factors in perforated gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3242220 TI - [Hemosorption in the treatment of stomach ulcer]. PMID- 3242222 TI - [Endoscopic tactics in acute surgical diseases of the biliary tract and pancreas]. PMID- 3242223 TI - [Novocaine block of the round ligament of the liver in the treatment of various diseases of the abdominal organs]. AB - The inclusion of novocain blocade of the round ligament of the liver in the complex of conservative treatment of 312 patients with diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas, stomach and duodenum results in more rapid subsidence of the pain syndrome and a stable therapeutic effect. The simplicity and safety of the method allow to recommend the novocain blocade both in the hospital and in ambulatory conditions, as well as in remote and almost inaccessible localities, on ship vessels in far trips. PMID- 3242224 TI - [Perforation of the small intestine and colon by foreign bodies]. AB - An analysis of diagnostics and treatment of perforations of the small intestine and colon with foreign bodies in 10 patients is presented. Laparoscopy is considered to be of great diagnostic value. PMID- 3242225 TI - [Clinical anatomy of the upper part of the abdominal cavity in reoperations on the stomach after organ-sparing surgery]. AB - Based upon intraoperative observations and analysis of anatomo-surgical findings in 50 patients subjected to reoperations after selective proximal vagotomy the authors have established 3 stages of anatomical alterations of organs of the upper part of the abdominal cavity. Performing antrumectomy is thought to be possible as reoperation in the first stage and in the less degree in the second stage. Extensive resection is indicated to patients with the third stage of the alterations. PMID- 3242226 TI - [Surgical treatment of combined ulcers of the stomach and duodenum]. AB - Under consideration were results of treatment of 71 patients with associated ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. Resection of the stomach was performed in 11 patients, various kinds of vagotomy--in 61 patients. Long-term results of operations in 69 patients were analyzed. Truncal vagotomy with an obligatory dissection of the gastric ulcer is a reliable method of treatment of the associated ulcers. PMID- 3242227 TI - [Endoscopic evaluation of reflux gastritis in patients operated on for stomach and duodenal ulcers]. AB - An analysis of results of the endoscopic examination of 320 patients who had been subjected to various operations for ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum has shown that sphincter-preserving operations (selective proximal vagotomy without drainage of the stomach and pylorus-preserving resection of the stomach) in treatment of ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum with correction of disturbances of duodenal passability is the most reliable method for prevention of duodeno-gastric reflux and reflux-gastritis. PMID- 3242228 TI - [Cavitary and membrane hydrolysis and trans-membrane transport of carbohydrates before and after organ-sparing surgery of duodenal ulcer]. AB - The method of loading was used to study intestinal digestion in 61 patients with duodenal ulcer and in 45 patients at early terms after organ-preserving operations. The inhibition of all stages of the intestinal digestion was found in patients who had the disease for more than 5 years. It was established that in most of the patients organ-preserving operations at early terms normalized the transmembranous transport. High activity of the transmembranous transport before the operation and its increase in part of the patients after operation was followed by the development of dumping syndrome. PMID- 3242229 TI - [Perestroika in the surgery of renal tuberculosis and its scientific substantiation]. AB - Based on vast experimental studies and many-years personal experience on the conservative and surgical treatment of tuberculosis of the kidneys the author has made a conclusion of a necessary change of all the work for the detection and treatment of nephrotuberculosis. Of primary importance is the organisation of early diagnostics of focal tuberculosis of the renal parenchyma and its radical prophylactic surgical treatment, preventing the development of spreaded and neglected forms of the disease. To organize this work it is necessary to accept the new pathogenetically substantiated evolutionary classification of tuberculosis of the kidneys dividing the development of the disease into 4 stages. PMID- 3242230 TI - [Angiographic evaluation of the results of roentgeno-endovascular occlusion of the hepatic artery]. AB - Angiographic examinations of 42 patients after percutaneous embolization of the hepatic artery system were performed for dearterialization of the tumour or reduction of the arterial bloodflow in cirrhosis of the liver complicated by portal hypertension. High effectiveness of metallic spiral emboli was revealed for the creation of stable permanent action on different portions of the hepatic artery. The results obtained show high efficiency of proximal embolization of the hepatic artery in treatment of tumors and cirrhosis of the liver and its advantages over the surgical ligation. PMID- 3242231 TI - [Surgical treatment of complicated cysts of the pancreas]. AB - The removal or internal drainage of complicated cysts of the pancreas can be performed but in 17-20% of the patients. The external aspiration-irrigation draining of the cyst in most of the patients is thought to be a saving method of treatment allowing to reduce lethality to 9% and achieve the elimination of the cyst and external pancreatic fistula in 78% of the patients. Different methods of surgery depending on the pathological process allow liquidation of the cyst and external pancreatic fistula in 87% of the patients and obtaining complete socio labour rehabilitation in 90% of the patients. PMID- 3242232 TI - [Bacteriologic and cytologic evaluation of vacuum therapy of suppurative wounds]. AB - Results of the treatment of 438 patients have shown vacuum therapy of purulent wounds to make them clear from pus and microbes in short terms which contributes to the activation of reparative processes and ultimately makes the terms of the treatment shorter. The regeneration-degeneration index proposed allowed to mathematize the cytogram and results in a simpler and more objective orientation in the phases of the wound process. PMID- 3242233 TI - [Sarcoidosis of the liver with marked jaundice]. PMID- 3242234 TI - [Multiple primary cancer of the epididymis and cecum]. PMID- 3242235 TI - [Status of the blood coagulation system in traumatic disease]. AB - Under examination there were 198 patients with severe mechanical traumas at their admission to the clinic and on the 1st, 3d, 7th, 14th and 21st days by 25 hemocoagulation parameters determined by common present-day methods. The direction and degree of hemocoagulation alterations were found to be related with the severity of trauma, blood loss volume and severity of shock. It was shown that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) of the II and III degree was developing in critical associated traumas, massive blood loss and severe shock in acute period of the disease. The acute form of DIC with reactive fibrinolysis was established in the lethal outcome during the shock period, latent (slow) DIC with local fibrinolysis took place in lethal outcomes in later periods. PMID- 3242236 TI - [The role of microcirculatory disorders in the development of postoperative complications in thoracic and abdominal injuries]. AB - Alterations in the system of microcirculation were found in the postoperative period in 30 patients with trauma of the chest and abdomen which depended upon the blood loss volume and are of plastic character. The main cause of these alterations in the early postoperative period is the change of the microvessels tone. In remote terms of the postoperative period changes of blood rheology play the leading role in alterations of microcirculation. The alterations of microcirculation as one of the mechanisms of the development of polyorganic insufficiency in trauma disease need permanent control and therapy, aimed at correction of tonic and vasomotor activity of resistant and capacitance microvessels, rheological components of blood and ratio of globular volume and plasma. PMID- 3242237 TI - [Rehabilitation treatment of injuries of the shoulder joint]. AB - The authors share their experience with treatment of injuries of the humeral articulation and their consequences. Main diseases of the articulation such as scapulohumeral periarthritis, habitual dislocation of the shoulder, fractures of the proximal end of the humeral bone are described. Original methods of conservative and operative treatment are proposed. PMID- 3242238 TI - [Clinico-physiologic aspects of local hypothermia of the extremities]. AB - The article presents generalization of an experience with performing 388 hypothermias of extremities in 101 patients with various isolated multiple and associated traumas of the supporting-locomotory system. With the help of multifactorial mathematical analysis of clinico-physiological data the authors have revealed the dependence of antiedematic, analgetic and vascular effects of hypothermia on the initial state of the patient, his age, degree of disorders of the central nervous system functions and other factors. The best effect was obtained after 3h local hypothermia and the 2-5 degrees C lower temperature of the extremity skin. PMID- 3242239 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with fractures of the femur and tibia of the same leg]. AB - The experience with treatment of 35 patients with fractures of the femoral and tibial bones enabled the author to make a conclusion concerning different approaches to choice of the method of treatment. Preference is given to operative methods of treatment--intramedullary osteosynthesis on the femur, "closed" intramedullary osteosynthesis and osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov apparatus on the shinbone. PMID- 3242240 TI - [Multiple trauma of the abdominal organs and extremities]. PMID- 3242241 TI - [Treatment of severe combined trauma]. PMID- 3242242 TI - [Remote results of the surgical treatment of dystopia of the kidneys in children]. AB - An analysis of results of the surgical treatment of 61 patients aged from 1 to 14 years has been made. Follow-up examinations from 1 to 18 years after treatment was performed in 53 of the 61 patients. In sacral and iliac dystopia of the kidney good outcomes were obtained after combined reconstructive plastic operations consisting of nephropexy associated with ureterolysis, resection of accessory vessels, plasty of the pyeloureteral segment and resection of the kidney pole with abnormal blood supply. With pelvic and crossed dystopia nephrureterectomy is indicated. With the only dystopic kidney good remote results were obtained after a one-step radical correcting operation. PMID- 3242243 TI - [Indications for preventive regional lymphadenectomy in primary melanoma of the skin of the head and neck]. AB - The authors have conducted a retrospective analysis of results of the surgical treatment of primary melanomas of the skin in the area of head and neck in 86 patients. Five-year survival of the patients made up 53.5 +/- 5.4%. On the basis of studying the dependence of incidence of regional metastases of primary tumors on most important clinico-morphological factors the indications were developed for performing prophylactic cervical regional lymphadenectomy. The authors consider that the selective prophylactic lymphadenectomy will contribute to the improvement of long-term results of treatment of patients with primary melanomas of the skin of head and neck. PMID- 3242244 TI - [Enzymatic status of circulating leukocytes in acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. AB - An examination of 46 patients has shown that the enzymatic status of circulating leukocytes of blood is a highly informative criterium which allows to judge about the pyo-inflammatory process, its spread, degree, reactivity of the patient's organism, efficiency of the therapy performed, prognosis of the disease. PMID- 3242245 TI - [2-stage surgical correction of complex congenital abnormalities of the heart, lung and diaphragm in a child]. PMID- 3242246 TI - [Acute suppurative mediastinitis in children]. PMID- 3242247 TI - [Successful primary plastic surgery in rupture of the hepatic duct in a child]. PMID- 3242248 TI - [Closed injury of the rectum in a child]. PMID- 3242249 TI - [Contraindications regarding total prosthesis of the hip joint]. AB - The authors have made an analysis of unsatisfactory remote results in 83 (21.5%) out of 387 patients operated for endoprosthezing of the hip joint which resulted from shaking loose the endoprostheses in the bone tissue. A conclusion is made that the following factors may be considered as contraindications to endoprosthesis of the hip joints: coxarthrosis against the background of arthroso arthritis, neglected stages of protrusive coxarthrites, deforming osteoarthrosis due to the use of corticosteroids, pronounced senile osteoporosis. PMID- 3242250 TI - [Use of a helium-neon laser in the ambulatory treatment of hypertrophic skin cicatrices and slowly granulating wounds]. AB - The authors describe their experience with the treatment of 23 patients by irradiation of helium-neon laser. Positive effect was obtained in 30 patients. PMID- 3242251 TI - The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1975-81 and 1985. PMID- 3242252 TI - [The organization of medical support for Soviet troups in the battle for the Dnieper]. PMID- 3242253 TI - [The making of the military physician (a response to opponents)]. PMID- 3242254 TI - [The complex evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic and health-promoting measures among predraft contingents]. PMID- 3242255 TI - [Oscillographic, rheovasographic and radioisotope research methods in the diagnosis of obliterating vascular diseases of the extremities]. PMID- 3242256 TI - [Diagnosis of injuries and diseases of the temporal bone by using computed tomography]. PMID- 3242257 TI - [Towards a further rise in innovation and efficiency work]. PMID- 3242258 TI - [Psychoneurotic disorders in patients with chronic pancreatitis and their correction]. PMID- 3242259 TI - [The structure and tasks of military psychophysiology]. PMID- 3242260 TI - [A method for the surgical correction of cardial failure by using the round ligament of the liver]. PMID- 3242262 TI - [A device for the emergency removal of intermaxillary fixation for transportation in jaw fractures]. PMID- 3242263 TI - [Alignment of the main x-ray beam in locating intraocular foreign bodies by the methods of Komberg-Baltin and Abalikhin-Pivovarov]. PMID- 3242261 TI - [A portable ENT kit for the ship's physician]. PMID- 3242264 TI - [Tubular fitting for binasal UV irradiation and a set of ear funnels for endaural UV irradiation for the OKUF-5.6 apparatus]. PMID- 3242265 TI - [Urinary excretion of free corticosteroids in healthy infants and in those with pneumonia]. PMID- 3242266 TI - [Clinical, biochemical and morphologic analysis of congenital non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia]. PMID- 3242267 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of adrenal pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 3242268 TI - [Multifocal Bowen's disease of the vulva coexistent with pre-invasive cancer of the cervix uteri as a case of systemic cancer]. PMID- 3242269 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of veins of the utero-ovarian plexus in pregnancy]. PMID- 3242270 TI - [Intravital dissolution of uric acid calculi with citrolyt and allopurinol]. PMID- 3242271 TI - [Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome]. PMID- 3242273 TI - [Proceedings of the 15th congress of the Polish Parasitological Society. Katowice, 24-26 September 1987]. PMID- 3242272 TI - [AIDS-phobia as a symptom or psychopathologic syndrome]. PMID- 3242274 TI - [A review of Polish publications on general parasitology 1984-1986]. PMID- 3242275 TI - [A review of Polish publications on medical parasitology 1984-1987]. PMID- 3242276 TI - [A review of Polish publications on veterinary parasitology 1984-1986]. PMID- 3242277 TI - [Properties of radioisotopes, types of radiation and radiometric methods]. PMID- 3242279 TI - [Use of isotope methods in studies on pathologic changes caused by parasites of the gastrointestinal system]. PMID- 3242280 TI - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the light of personal observations with regard to its diagnosis and treatment in tropical countries]. PMID- 3242278 TI - [Radioisotopes in studies of the physiology and biology of parasites]. PMID- 3242281 TI - [Treatment of taeniasis]. PMID- 3242282 TI - [Treatment of trichinosis]. PMID- 3242284 TI - [Prostaglandins of parasites and hypotheses regarding their effect on the host's body]. PMID- 3242283 TI - [Physiologic homeostasis of the host's body in the parasite-host system]. PMID- 3242285 TI - [Prevention and control of coccidiosis in animals]. PMID- 3242286 TI - [Evaluation of drugs used for the control of Nematoda and ectoparasites of animals]. PMID- 3242287 TI - [Effect of thermal water pollution on invertebrates in the light of studies on parasitic fauna of fish]. PMID- 3242288 TI - [Effect of the industrial activity of man on the parasitic fauna of fish]. PMID- 3242289 TI - [Ecologic and geographical variability of Protozoa in the light of the faunal studies]. PMID- 3242290 TI - [Changes in the parasitic fauna of flounder, Platichthys flesus (L.) in relation to the degree of pollution of south-eastern Baltic sea]. PMID- 3242291 TI - [Trends in faunal studies of parasitic Crustacea]. PMID- 3242292 TI - [Urgent epidemiologic and epizootic problems of trichinosis in the world]. PMID- 3242293 TI - [Urgent epizootic and epidemiologic problems of trichinosis in Poland]. PMID- 3242294 TI - [New clinical problems of trichinosis]. PMID- 3242295 TI - [Selected pathologic problems of trichinosis]. PMID- 3242296 TI - [Involvement of the central nervous system in trichinosis]. PMID- 3242297 TI - [Usefulness of biochemical tests in the diagnosis of trichinosis]. PMID- 3242298 TI - [Patients returning from tropical countries]. PMID- 3242299 TI - [Tropical parasitic diseases and the problems of tropical medicine in Poland]. PMID- 3242301 TI - [Value of immunoserologic tests in the diagnosis of parasitic invasions in persons returning from tropical countries]. PMID- 3242300 TI - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis among the cases of the Institute of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical Academy, in Warsaw]. PMID- 3242302 TI - [Necessary data with regard to laboratory animals and in vivo experiments]. PMID- 3242304 TI - [Preventive studies of congenital toxoplasmosis based on studies conducted in other countries]. PMID- 3242303 TI - [Evaluation of the results of serologic studies in routine diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in Poland]. PMID- 3242305 TI - [Collection, preparation and storage of human plasma for radioimmunologic determination of thromboxane B2]. AB - There are at present several methods available for the quantitative determination of thromboxane B2. However, they give results differing in precision and biological information. If it were possible to exclude sampling and storage artefacts, radioimmunological plasma thromboxane B2 measurement would be the method of choice for routine clinical determinations. The optimum conditions for processing the plasma for such purposes were assessed in 10 healthy volunteers (6m, 4f, 24-37a). They include a 30-minute resting period before blood sampling, constant needle diameter, blood withdrawal without venous occlusion, proper anticoagulation and cyclooxygenase inhibition. Storage at -70 degrees C for less than 2 weeks and the avoidance of repeated freezing and thawing are further prerequisites. In contrast to widely-held opinion, the plasma levels of thromboxane B2 obtained using these precautions are of practical value, roughly comparable to those employing the platelet proteins beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4. However, practically speaking determinations are limited to a small number of carefully handled samples. Hence, the method cannot be unreservedly applied to daily routine clinical use. PMID- 3242306 TI - [Effect of PGE1 on the left ventricular ejection fraction]. AB - 12 patients with impaired left ventricular function were submitted to left ventricular ejection fraction measurements before and after increasing doses of PGE1 administered by i.v. or i.a. infusion. 6 responders out of the 12 patients showed a significant (p less than 0.01) improvement in LVEF, whereas the LVEF remained unchanged in the remaining 6 patients. 4 of the responders had received intravenous and 2 had received intraarterial PGE 1. Afterload reduction, venous tonisation, increased myocardial contractility and metabolic effects may be causative factors. These results suggest that PGE 1 therapy may be of therapeutic benefit in some patients with impaired LVEF. PMID- 3242307 TI - Metabolism of diamantane by rat liver microsomal cytochromes P-450. AB - 1. Diamantane binds to liver microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats with an apparent Ks value of 5.2 x 10(-7) mol/l. This value being lower than that obtained for perhydrophenanthrene indicates that diamantane is very strongly bound to microsomal cytochrome P-450. 2. Metabolic studies show that liver microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats readily metabolize diamantane to mono , di- and possibly tri-hydroxy derivatives, whereas liver microsomes from beta naphthoflavone-induced rats do not bind this hydrocarbon or metabolize it. 3. Reconstituted cytochromes P-450 b and e were more efficient in the hydroxylation of diamantane than liver microsomes; metabolites formed by the reconstituted system do not include all the products formed by microsomes, which indicates the involvement of forms of cytochrome P-450 other than the isozymes b and e. PMID- 3242308 TI - Metabolism of a new radioprotector; S-acetyl-N-glycyl cysteamine. I. Absorption, distribution and excretion metabolites in mice bearing EMT6 tumours. AB - 1. The disposition of S-acetyl-N-glycyl cysteamine (I) labelled with 14C on the cysteamine group (label 1), the glycyl group (label 2) and the acetyl group (label 3) has been studied in mice bearing EMT6 tumours. 2. Label 1 was mainly excreted in urine (63.1% dose in 24 h). Label 2 elimination was both in urine (36.0% dose in 24 h) and in expired air as 14CO2 (12.1% dose in 24 h). Label 3 was essentially eliminated in expired air as 14CO2 (55.4% dose in 24 h). 3. Tissue distribution studies of label 1 and label 2 showed that concentrations in tissues were higher than blood concentration as early as 10 min after administration. Whichever label was used, only little radio-activity was found in EMT6 tumour and brain. 4. Analysis of the urinary elimination products showed the presence of unchanged I and of cystamine, N-acetylcystamine, N-acetyl-S-methyl cysteamine sulphoxide and taurine. I is a prodrug of cysteamine which is released after deacetylation and hydrolysis of the amide bond. A metabolic pathway is proposed for this new radioprotective agent. PMID- 3242309 TI - Biotransformation of 1,4-cineole, a monoterpene ether. AB - 1. The metabolism of 1,4-cineole, a monoterpene ether, was studied in the rabbit. 2. Four neutral and one acidic metabolites were isolated from the urine and shown to be 9-hydroxy-1,4-cineole, 3,8-dihydroxy-1,4-cineole, 8,9-dihydroxy-1,4 cineole, 1,4-cineole-8-en-9-ol and 1,4-cineole-9-carboxylic acid. PMID- 3242310 TI - Metabolism of a new positive inotropic agent, 3,4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4 dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- quinolinone (OPC-8212) in the rat, mouse, dog, monkey and human. AB - 1. After OPC-8212 was orally given to rats, mice, dogs, monkeys and humans, its metabolites were identified by n.m.r. and mass spectrometry, and their concentrations in the plasma, urine and faeces of these species were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.). 2. Hydrolysis of the amide group, oxidation and cleavage of the piperazine ring, O-demethylation of the methoxy group, and conjugation were proposed as metabolic pathways of OPC-8212. 3. In rats, mice and monkeys given OPC-8212 orally, metabolites M-1 to M-6 were detected in the plasma, urine and faeces, while M-1, -4, -5 and M-6 were detected in dogs, and M-1, M-3, M-4, M-5 and M-6 were detected in humans. 4. Conjugates of metabolites M-6 and M-7, with glucuronic acid and sulphuric acid, were observed in the urine of rats and humans. PMID- 3242311 TI - Medicinal azides. Part 3. The metabolism of the investigational antitumour agent meta-azidopyrimethamine in mouse tissue in vitro. AB - 1. The experimental antitumour agent meta-azidopyrimethamine is deactivated by reduction of the azide moiety to yield meta-aminopyrimethamine. This reaction was followed by h.p.l.c. subsequent to incubation of the drug with homogenates prepared from liver, kidney, spleen, intestine and heart of mice. Reducing activity was highest in liver homogenate and was time dependent. Following the incubation of 530 nmol meta-azidopyrimethamine with liver homogenate equivalent to 1 g liver for 30 min under air, 84% of the agent was reduced to meta aminopyrimethamine. 2. Reducing activity was markedly lower in incubations containing subcellular fractions obtained from liver homogenate. Under aerobic conditions the 700 g and 12,500 g supernatant fractions were able to reduce 57% and 23%, respectively, of the amount of meta-azidopyrimethamine initially present. The respective pellets possessed weak reducing ability, but on reconstitution of the supernatants with their corresponding pellets most of the reducing activity as observed in the whole homogenate was recovered. 3. Microsomes and mitochondria reduced the drug only when incubations were performed in the presence of nitrogen but not under air. 4. A fraction of the reducing activity measured in the tissue homogenates was non-enzymatic, as heat inactivated homogenates retained less than 10% of the activity exhibited by the untreated homogenates. Neither bovine serum albumin nor glutathione could reduce meta-azidopyrimethamine under the conditions of the tissue incubations, whereas dithiothreitol was a powerful reductant. The mixed enzymatic and non-enzymatic nature, the tissue distribution and the diffuse subcellular localisation of meta azidopyrimethamine reducing activity resemble features of the bioreduction of N oxides. PMID- 3242312 TI - Effects of an NADPH-generating system on primaquine degradation by hamster liver fractions. AB - 1. Primaquine (PQ) often causes severe anaemia in individuals with glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient erythrocytes, and metabolites have been implicated as the toxic substance. These studies present data identifying additional metabolites of PQ. 2. Two metabolites of primaquine (PQ) previously identified in human studies, namely, 6-methoxy-8-aminoquinoline (MAQ) and 8-(3 carboxy-1-methylpropylamino)-6-methoxyquinoline (PQC) were also formed on incubation of PQ with hamster liver fractions for up to 24 h without an NADPH generating system. 3. The alcohol (PQAOH) and lactam (PQLT) derivatives of PQ were also formed on incubation with hamster liver fraction used in these studies. 4. The microsomal metabolism of PQ was decreased in presence of an NADPH generating system, but not by SKF-525A or glutathione (GSH) indicating that the oxidative reactions were probably not due to the cytochrome P-450 system or free radical mechanisms. PMID- 3242313 TI - Effect of iron deficiency anaemia and its treatment on the absorption and elimination of phenformin. AB - 1. The extent of phenformin absorption and its rate of urinary excretion have been assessed in adult patients with iron deficiency anaemia, a condition which compromises gastrointestinal function. 2. Phenformin (100 mg) was administered orally to patients before treatment, three days after the start of a course of iron treatment (oral 300 mg b.d. or total intravenous iron) and at the end of 28 days, when haemoglobin was over 10 gm%. 3. No significant difference was found between mean total amounts of phenformin and 4-hydroxyphenformin excreted in urine, before treatment or after 3 or 28 days replacement therapy. It is concluded that phenformin absorption is not affected by iron deficiency. 4. In addition, iron deficiency had no significant effect on phenformin elimination half-life. PMID- 3242314 TI - A possible association between survival time and transfusion in cervical cancer. AB - Some studies suggest that transfusion may be associated with an increased risk of recurrence of and death due to malignant human neoplasms. We examined retrospective data from patients with cervical cancer to see if any association between transfusion of blood at the time of initial treatment and the time interval to recurrence and death could be detected in this cancer. In 130 patients with cervical cancer, seen over a ten-year period at our institution, there was a trend toward earlier recurrence in transfused patients, but this trend did not achieve statistical significance. Death due to cervical cancer recurrence occurred after a median of Death due to cervical cancer recurrence occurred after a median of 12 months in the transfused patients and a median of 68 months in the non-transfused individuals, which was statistically significant. Transfused patients had, on average, more favorable prognostic factors than those not transfused, such as less advanced clinical stage of disease. Analysis using a proportional hazards risk model failed to demonstrate a significant association between transfusion and time to recurrence when other prognostic factors were considered, but a significant association between transfusion and time to cancer related death (p less than 0.05) was found. While these results cannot be viewed as conclusive due to the small number and heterogeneity of the patients analyzed, our data support the possibility of an association between transfusion and cervical cancer survival. Further studies are warranted to confirm or refute this relationship. PMID- 3242315 TI - Late, late-onset infections in the nursery. AB - Infections affecting infants in the hospital nursery are generally divided into those with a prenatal onset and early- and late-onset postnatal infections. Little attempt has been made to differentiate infections affecting infants more than a week of age from those with an onset at several months of age. Three cases are presented which demonstrate how, currently, infants far older than one month of age are being treated for nosocomial, nursery-associated infections. This information has implications both for treatment decisions and for the gathering of epidemiologic data on nosocomial infections. PMID- 3242318 TI - [Clinical and technological experience in the application of the individual cone pin-attachment]. PMID- 3242317 TI - Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis from a cat bite. AB - A 39-year-old man with no prior history of underlying arthritis developed osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in his hand following a cat bite. This case illustrates the virulence of Pasteurella multocida infections associated with animal bites, particularly those of cats, whose teeth can inoculate bone directly. The onset of cellulitis caused by P. multocida infections is often rapid, and the drug of choice for such infections remains penicillin. Appropriate antibiotic therapy, however, does not always prevent complications such as those seen in this patient. PMID- 3242316 TI - Vibrio alginolyticus cellulitis following coral injury. AB - Infections associated with marine activities, particularly work or recreation in salt water, present unique diagnostic challenges for the infectious disease practitioner. Those caused by halophilic, non-cholera Vibrio species are increasingly being recognized in clinical practice. They typically follow saltwater injuries, especially those associated with coral. Because these infections can be both severe and life-threatening, a consideration of halophilic Vibrio species in the differential diagnosis of marine-acquired infections is important. In this case report, we discuss the diagnosis and treatment of cellulitis in a patient with a Caribbean coral injury associated with Vibrio alginolyticus cellulitis. PMID- 3242319 TI - [Eye epitheses--a designation of the position]. PMID- 3242320 TI - [Welding cobalt-chromium-alloys with a laser]. PMID- 3242321 TI - [Temperature stability of the furnace L.M.112.10 and its application as a furnace for vitreous ceramics]. PMID- 3242323 TI - [Control for technical motor 707A]. PMID- 3242322 TI - [Significance, object, contents and methodology of the co-ordinating process of management in stomatology and stomatological technics]. PMID- 3242324 TI - [Oral hygiene examination in relation to mouth hygiene programs. Part 1: Purpose, materials and methods]. PMID- 3242325 TI - [Manufacturing an orbit model for experimental examination of fractures]. PMID- 3242326 TI - [Continued professional training of teachers in dental mechanics schools]. PMID- 3242327 TI - [Further training of special dental mechanics in ceramics. Retrospect and perspective]. PMID- 3242328 TI - [Professional desires and factors of influence on choice of occupation]. PMID- 3242329 TI - [Isoelectric EEG and residual activity in the EEG in clinical brain death syndrome]. AB - The brain death is defined as the complete and irreversible absence of the cerebral and brain stem functions. In case of the dissociated lack of these functions an EEG activity can still be recognizable even in the presence of a brain death syndrome. Own observations in 57 persons with brain death are discussed. PMID- 3242330 TI - [Injuries of the basilar artery]. AB - In 2 to 3 per cent of the severe craniocerebral occlusions of the cerebral basic arteries are observed. Traumatic vertebralis and basilaris thromboses are very rare. In view of the modern procedure in diagnostics and therapy the prognosis of these life-threatening traumatic consequences are not infaust. According to a casuistic information pathophysiology, diagnostic procedure and therapeutical possibilities, microsurgical or by local fibrinolysis, are discussed. PMID- 3242331 TI - [Neuropsychiatric-psychological findings in patients with hypophyseal adenoma following trans-sphenoidal surgery]. AB - Investigations carried out by Schuster, Bleuler, Fischer et al. pointed out the importance of the endocrine functions with respect to the psychopathological phenomena. On the basis of 98 catamnestically observed pituitary patients operated on transphenoidally observed pituitary patients operated on transphenoidally at our hospital in the years 1978 to 1987 we wanted to obtain the pre- and postoperative psychic findings by clinical-explorative and neuropsychological investigations and point out the importance of these disturbances. PMID- 3242332 TI - [Neuropsychiatric-ophthalmologic and radiologic findings in sphenoid wing meningioma]. AB - On the basis of 90 catamnestically pursued disease courses of surgically treated sphenoid bone wing meningioma of the years 1970 to 1987 the validity of the clinical-neuropsychiatric and neuro-ophthalmological examinations as well as the information value of the native X-ray pictures were ascertained. The aim of the work was to point out the possibility and necessity of an early clinical diagnosis by an intensified observation of the neuro-ophthalmological and neuro psychiatric primary symptoms. PMID- 3242333 TI - Clinical analysis of cerebral abscesses. AB - 42 patients with cerebral abscesses were treated from 1979 until the end of the first six months of 1987 at the Neurosurgical Department of the Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey. The present study aims at studying these patients to determine the factors affecting on prognosis. The patients were studied for the duration of complaints, pre-operational condition, the location of the abscesses, the microorganisms responsible for them, and the techniques of operation applied, by taking their sex and age into consideration. All of the cases were treated operatively. Of these, 18 were treated by excision and 24 were applied drainage, whose percentage was 43 and 57 respectively, 85% of the cases were under 60 years of age. The rate of mortality of the cases with cerebral abscesses was 19%. This rate was between 15% and 37.5% in the cases of several age groups whose complaints lasted less than two months. This rate reached 100% with a sudden increase in the cases who had a duration of complaints over four months. The rate of mortality was 6.2% in the cases with a clear conscious and cooperative ability while it had a significant increase in the patients in pre coma or coma to go up to 50% and 75% respectively. No correlation was observed between the rate of mortality and the age of the patients but the location and extension of the abscesses had an effect on this rate. The abscesses, covering more than one lobe, had a mortality rate of 31.2%, while the ones with parietal location caused no single death. To conclude, we can say, based on this study, that the age and sex of patients and the operative technique have no effect on the rate of mortality while it is obviously influenced by the duration of the complaints and the pre-operative condition. Consequently, we would like to stress up on early diagnosis and treatment of such cases. PMID- 3242334 TI - [Aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery following extra-intracranial arterial bypass. A case report]. AB - Fifteen months after an EIAB an aneurysm spurium develop 4 mm proximal to the anastomosis. The development of the aneurysm is discussed. PMID- 3242335 TI - [Neuropsychiatric aspects of surgical indications of craniosynostosis and stenosis]. AB - In case of an indication for an operation on craniosynostosis not only an atrophy of the optical nerve, mental retardation and epileptic fits should be taken into consideration, but also the danger of faulty psychic developments, criminality of male patients, increased occurrence of psychoses and early cerebral blood flow disturbances as well as, especially in girls with scapho- or oxycephaly, cosmetic impairments with resulting psychosocial disturbances. Convulsions in craniosynostosis are not always an expression of a generally increased intracranial pressure, sometimes genetic couplings should be taken into consideration in case of an indication for craniotomy. Disturbances of social adaptation are related to a psychic fronto-cerebral syndrome due to frontal dysplasia of the base of the skull. For carrying out a craniotomy it is advisable to employ a combination of orbito-fronto-sphenoidal osteotomy for an extension of the anterior cranial fossa. PMID- 3242336 TI - Bilateral intracerebral hypertonic haemorrhage. AB - Bilateral hypertonic intracerebral haemorrhage is a rare pathological entity. CT scan enables precise diagnostics, but in a case of bilateral intracerebral bleeding it is difficult to make decision whether to operate or not. In our group of 65 operated patients with intracerebral haemorrhage in the time interval 1985 1987 there was only one with bilateral bleeding. After the surgical removal of blood clots from one hemisphere the patient recovered. PMID- 3242337 TI - [Computer-assisted model trials of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics of the craniospinal system]. AB - Model-experiments demonstrated that the introduced computed method for simultaneous purpose of the parameter compliance C(p) and resistance to outflow of CSF R(p) by intrathecal infusion test produce equal results as conventional methods. By the calculation of the resistance to outflow of CSF R(p) no pressure plateau is necessary so that the injury of the patient is slightly. Conclusions of a standardized method for the intrathecal infusion test in clinical practice was made. PMID- 3242338 TI - [Complications of shunt drainage in pediatric hydrocephalus]. AB - The most frequently occurring complications of the atrial and peritoneal drainage for the treatment of the hydrocephalus are represented and some rare causes of revision are described. Then follows a list of the more frequently occurring shunt incidents in the valve implantations carried out at our hospital in the period from 1963 to 1986. A total of 387 drainage operations are analysed, including 155 ventriculo-atrial and 232 ventriculo-peritoneal drainages. Then follows a description of the course of the therapy of three patients in whom relatively rare complications were observed. In view of the significantly lower sepsis incidence of 8.2 per cent as compared to 16.1 per cent in the atrial drainage, the peritoneal drainage proved to be superior to the latter. The consideration of the Cordis-Hakim- and Spitz-Holter-systems frequently used at present showed no essential differences of the respective results of the treatments. Our experience gained in the treatment of the hydrocephalus are discussed in comparison with the international statements. PMID- 3242339 TI - [Transverse syndrome in aneurysmal bone cyst]. AB - Among the patients of the Hospital for Neurosurgery in Leipzig treated in the period from 1952 to 1986 66 per cent of 570 patients operated on because of spinal cord tumours showed a benign and 34 per cent a malignant nature of the tumours. The rate of primary bone tumours amounted to 6.5 per cent and that of secondary bone tumours was 5.8 per cent. The preoperative diagnostical and the differential-diagnostical as well as therapeutical problems were dealt with on the basis of the only case of an aneurysmal bone cyst. PMID- 3242340 TI - [Sarcomatous tumors of the spinal canal--clinical aspects and long-term results]. AB - 45 patients were operated on because of a malignant mesenchymal process in the spinal canal. 27 men and 18 women were affected, the average age at the time of operation being 37 years. Preoperatively 40 patients already showed an incomplete or complete transverse lesion with a mean duration of the disease being 9 months. After the operation 21 patients showed an improvement, of these 12 were able to walk by themselves. The total mortality with an after-observation period of three years amounted to 64.4 per cent (29 cases). PMID- 3242341 TI - The capacity of human subjects to process directional information provided at two skin sites. AB - The ability of human subjects to discriminate direction of tactile stimulus motion on the dorsum of the hand was determined (1) in the absence and (2) in the presence of a moving stimulus delivered to a second skin site on the ipsilateral or contralateral forelimb. When the two skin sites were simultaneously contacted by stimuli moving in the same direction, directional sensitivity was typically below that predicted for a hypothetical subject who could independently process the information provided at each of the two skin sites. Even when the stimulus delivered to a second site was deliberately ignored, it could still alter a subject's perception of stimulus direction on the dorsal hand. Moreover, its influence was greatest whenever it moved in a direction opposite to that of the attended stimulus. Whenever the two moving stimuli were delivered nonsimultaneously to two skin sites, directional sensitivity rarely matched the levels predicted for a hypothetical subject who could independently process the information provided at each site. This, in part, resulted from the subjects' utilization of "long-range" cues provided by the temporal order of stimulation. Subjects frequently failed to distinguish these cues from the sensation of stimulus direction provided at each skin site. PMID- 3242342 TI - Discrimination and scaling of velocity of stimulus motion across the skin. AB - The capacity of human subjects to discriminate and to scale the velocity of tactile brushing stimuli was assessed. Signal detection and classical psychophysical techniques were employed to estimate the Weber fraction over a wide range of velocities (from 1.5 to 140 cm/sec). In addition, free magnitude estimates of (1) the velocity and (2) the duration of moving tactile stimuli were obtained. It was found that human capacity to discriminate stimuli delivered to a 4 to 6-cm chord of skin on the dorsal forearm and differing in velocity remains grossly constant over the range of velocities tested and is relatively poor (i.e., the Weber fraction = 0.2-0.25). A simple power function (exponent = 0.6) satisfactorily describes the psychophysical relation (1) between the perceived and actual velocity and (2) between the perceived and actual duration of these stimuli. Since a direct proportionality between the reciprocal of a subject's estimate of duration and his or her estimate of velocity was observed, it is suggested that these two sensory attributes may reflect the operation of a neural mechanism sensitive to the duration of stimulation. Moreover, the data are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the subjects computed estimates of mean velocity from the ratio of perceived distance to perceived duration. PMID- 3242343 TI - Neural mechanisms of absolute tactile localization in monkeys. AB - Macaca nemestrina monkeys were trained to indicate the location of suprathreshold tactile stimuli delivered to the glabrous skin of either foot. The testing paradigm involved self-initiated trials (a bar press), followed by 10-Hz stimulation at one of six locations (e.g., on the distal phalanx of the second toe on the left foot), providing the opportunity for the animal to press one of six buttons located on a facing panel. The buttons were positioned on a picture of a monkey's feet at locations corresponding to the skin loci that were stimulated on different trials. If the animal first pressed the button corresponding to the position stimulated, liquid reward was delivered; responses to any other button terminated stimulation without reward, requiring initiation of another trial for the opportunity to receive reinforcement. The localization errors for normal monkeys were reliably greater along the mediolateral dimension of the foot than they were proximodistally. For example, stimulation of the tip of toe 4 elicited responses to the button at the tip of toe 2 on 25% of the trials, as compared with only 10% errors between the tip of toe 4 and the pad at the base of toe 4. Following unilateral interruption of the dorsal spinal columns at an upper thoracic level, the capacity for absolute tactile localization was unchanged over months of testing. The greater localization accuracy along the proximodistal axis of the foot remained after dorsal column transection. In order to evaluate neural substrates of localization by monkeys, single-neuron receptive field (RF) sizes and distributions within the first somatosensory (SI) cortex were examined to determine the overlap or separation of the representations of different points on glabrous skin. The sample of neurons that provided the RF data was obtained in previous investigations of unanesthetized, neuromuscularly blocked Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Analysis of RF overlap revealed that greater than 50% of cytoarchitectural area 1 units that responded to stimulation of one digit tip also responded to another digit or to the pad at the base of a digit. These large RFs seem poorly suited to subserve a high degree of spatial localization and are compatible with the frequent localization errors by the monkeys in the behavioral experiments. However, the area 1 RF data do not explain the tendency of these animals to exhibit better localization accuracy along the proximodistal axis than along the mediolateral axis of the volar foot.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242344 TI - Development of Merkel cell populations with contrasting sensitivities to neonatal deafferentation in the rat whisker pad. AB - In this study, we used the quinacrine fluorescence technique to investigate the embryonic and early postnatal development of two distinct populations of Merkel cells in the rat whisker pad and the consequences of neonatal deafferentation on their subsequent development. Annular clusters of Merkel cells first appear in the epidermis near the caudal margin of the mystacial region between embryonic days E14 and E15 at dome sites located on horizontal ridges where the primordial vibrissal follicles develop. The development of these cells progresses in a caudorostral sequence across the whisker pad as does the development of the vibrissal follicles. Each cluster eventually forms a conical ridge or collar of about 130 Merkel cells that surrounds the vibrissal hair shaft as it penetrates the overlying pad epidermis. In the vibrissae, which develop as downgrowths from the horizontal ridges at the dome sites, Merkel cells first appear (caudally) between E16 and E17 and form a cylindrical cuff within the outer root sheath; cells are added progressively until about the end of the first postnatal week when a plateau level of about 750-800 cells is reached. Following unilateral transection of the infraorbital nerve at 24-36 hr after birth, these vibrissal Merkel cells continued to develop along a time course that was indistinguishable from normal, at least over the first 2 weeks of postnatal life. In contrast, all or most of the Merkel cells that normally develop within collars or annular clusters in the pad epidermis (around both the vibrissal and intervibrissal or pelage hairs) either disappeared within a few days or failed to develop. Other light and electron microscopic procedures supported the main findings and confirmed that the denervation was successful. Thus, the vibrissal Merkel cells, like those in the glabrous hindpaw, behaved as a distinct class which develops postnatally and is maintained (at least over a 2-week period) without the presence of sensory nerves. Since both the mystacial vibrissae and glabrous hindpaw have specialized cortical representations, a possible relationship between these findings and the organization of the somatosensory cortex during development is discussed. PMID- 3242345 TI - Responsiveness and somatotopic organization of anterior parietal field 3b and adjoining cortex in newborn and infant monkeys. AB - Microelectrodes were used to record from somatosensory areas 3b and adjoining areas 3a and 1 in newborn monkeys. At birth, area 3b was responsive to cutaneous stimuli and had an adult-like somatotopic organization in marmosets and one squirrel monkey, while areas 1 and 3a had only limited responsiveness. In newborn macaque monkeys, cortex was unresponsive to cutaneous stimuli; however, by 1 month, areas 3b and 1 appeared to be adult-like in responsiveness and somatotopic organization. PMID- 3242346 TI - Neuronal activity preceding directional and nondirectional cues in the premotor cortex of rhesus monkeys. AB - Pre-cue activity, the neuronal modulation that precedes a predictable stimulus, was studied in the premotor cortex of three rhesus monkeys. In one condition, a directional cue dictated the timing and target of a forelimb movement. In another condition, a nondirectional cue provided identical timing information but did not indicate the target. Of 501 task-related neurons recorded in premotor cortex, 168 showed pre-cue activity. The onset time of pre-cue activity varied markedly from trial to trial and cell to cell, ranging from trial initiation to 4.8 sec later. No pre-cue activity reflected the direction of limb movement; thus, the data argue against the hypothesis that pre-cue activity reflects preparation for specific limb movements. A small number of cells showed greater pre-cue activity before directional than before nondirectional cues, and this difference may reflect anticipation of the cue's directional information. However, the vast majority (84%) of neurons lacked such differences. We therefore hypothesize that most pre-cue activity reflects or contributes to a facet of behavior common to the two conditions: anticipation of the time and/or nature of events. PMID- 3242347 TI - [Electrophysiologic evaluation of the frequency selectivity by conversion of concurrent waves with the aid of a 40 Hz middle latency response]. AB - We have realized electrophysiological tuning curves by the "tone on logon" method at the 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz frequencies among thirteen normal hearing adults. We describe a simple method of electrophysiological frequency selectivity assessment by measuring the percentage of the wave amplitude recovering when a masking pure tone of varied frequency but constant intensity is sent together with the stimulus. Our stimulus had either a constant duration (10 ms) or a constant form (five cycles) for each frequency. We have studied and compared the tuning curves obtained with each kind of stimulus for the following parameters: the narrowness of the curve and the likeness between the tested frequency and the curve tip. One studied the latency of the potential obtained when the stimulus is sent together with a masking pure tone. A tone frequency lower than the stimulus brings about a latency decrease and a higher one, a latency increase. Our results show no difference between each kind of stimulus and show that the evoked response is the one of a narrow and specific part of the cochlear partition. PMID- 3242348 TI - [Radiation-induced thyroid cancer]. AB - We describe thyroid carcinomas observed in two male patients after cervical irradiation in infancy. In the first case, irradiation was given for cervical angioma and in the second case, for enlarged thymus. A long time interval (16 and 43 years) elapsed between irradiation and the detection of the epitheliomas. The anatomopathological diagnosis was, for the first patient, papillo-vesicular epithelioma and for the second one, anaplastic carcinoma. PMID- 3242349 TI - [Thyroid gland operations at the smaller hospital center]. AB - Thyroid-surgery is possible in the smaller hospital, meeting the up to date standards. It means a thorough biochemical and functional exploration, scintigraphy (as an outpatient), radiography of neck and its soft tissues, eventually tomography and more seldom are required: the echography, scan (as an out-door patient), punction. The strict preoperative preparation and postoperative follow-up are required. Considerations referring to the interventions between 1984 to 1987 (28 cases). PMID- 3242350 TI - [Preservation of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. Anatomical study of 30 dissections]. PMID- 3242351 TI - [Objective assessment of hearing disorders with the aid of 40 Hertz middle latency responses in speech frequencies]. AB - We applied the 40 Hz ERP technique described by R. Galambos to about thirty adults suffering from perception auditory deficiency. We aimed at objectively evaluating their hearing. Our statistical results show that 40 Hz recorded through a logon is a good way to establish the threshold level in the speech frequencies. They also show that the amplitude of the recorded potential is higher when a ear lobe-forehead derivation (A1 or A2/Fz) is used. It has not been possible to give prominence to abnormal amplitude enhancement at supra-threshold level by the recruiting subjects. This method could have a great interest in sham or forensic evidence problems. PMID- 3242352 TI - [Huschke's foramen]. AB - Morphological analysis of the tympanic part of the temporal bone has lead us to comment a particular structure: the foramen of Huschke. This foramen is founded during the embryological development and results from the growth and fusion of two tympanic tubercles. The foramen of Huschke normally closes up like a diaphragm before the age of five years. It may however, persist in a few rare cases (2/300). PMID- 3242353 TI - [Evoked otoacoustic emissions. Results in hypoacusis]. AB - Otoacoustic emissions are present in the majority of normal hearing ears. Hearing loss of different types generally doesn't show evoked acoustic emissions. Sixty seven impaired ears of different degrees and types where examined to precise the kind of hearing losses unable to elicit oto-acoustic emissions. PMID- 3242354 TI - [A case of (benign) teratoma of the nasopharynx]. AB - The authors relate a case of a benign tumor (teratoma) sitting in the nasopharynx of a 10-year-old boy. A short review of the literature is presented: speculations over the origins of these tumors, possible diagnosis, treatments... The authors insist on the necessity of realizing some investigations (X-rays, fibro endoscopy) when regarding a posterior nasal obstruction. PMID- 3242355 TI - An electron microscopic examination of age-related changes in the rat liver. The influence of diet. AB - The influence of age and diet on the ultrastructure of hepatocytes is reported. The following dietary manipulations were investigated: Group 1, fed ad libitum a diet containing 21% protein; Group 2, fed a similar diet but restricted to 60% of the intake of Group 1 from 6 weeks of age onwards; Group 3, restricted from 6 weeks to 6 months of age and thereafter fed ad libitum; Group 4, restriction started at 6 months of age; Group 5, fed ad libitum a diet containing 12.6% protein. In all groups the size of hepatocytes was found not to increase during adult life. The size of hepatocytes in Groups 2 and 4 was the same as or larger than that of the other groups; thus food restriction resulted in a decreased number of hepatocytes. Changes in the structure of some organelles and the accumulation of lipofuscin granules occurred with advancing age and the extent of these age-related changes was less in Groups 2 and 4 than in the other groups. These morphologic findings in conjunction with our previously reported metabolic findings provide a new view of the action of food restriction on the aging process. PMID- 3242356 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic study of thyroid microsomal antigen. AB - Using human IgG F(ab') 2 prepared from pooled sera containing a high titer of thyroid microsomal antibody (TMAb), localization of thyroid microsomal antigen (TMAg) was studied electron microscopically in dissociated follicular cells obtained from 25 thyroids of patients with Basedow's disease. Twenty out of the 25 cases were positive for serum-TMAb. In 18 of these cases, the reaction product for spontaneous membrane-bound IgG was demonstrated only on the apical plasma membrane of a small number of follicular cells, but was not observed anywhere in 5 cases without serum-TMAb. After masking the spontaneous membrane-bound IgG with anti-human IgG-goat IgG Fab, deposits of the reaction product disappeared or were significantly decreased. After the masking, all cases incubated in the above mentioned TMAb-positive IgG F(ab')2 showed an intense reaction product located linearly on the apical plasma membrane of a large number of follicular cells, but not on the lateral and basal plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm. On the other hand, after the masking, the control group incubated in human IgG F(ab')2 from a normal subject revealed the same result as that in the group with masked spontaneous membrane-bound IgG. These findings indicate that TMAg is located only on the apical plasma membrane of follicular cells. PMID- 3242357 TI - Glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma arising from minor salivary glands of the uvula. A case report. AB - Glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma arising from minor salivary glands of the uvula in a 35-year-old woman is reported. This tumor was composed of nests and cords of clear cells containing cytoplasmic glycogen but no mucin. The epithelial nature of this lesion was obvious because of positive immunoreactivity for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, and the presence of immature lumina and intercellular spaces lined by many microvilli, associated with desmosomal junctions and basal lamina, as revealed by ultrastructural study. However, no myoepithelial cells could be detected. From these findings, it may be concluded that this tumor corresponds to glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma (a variant of clear cell tumor), revealing glandular differentiation. PMID- 3242359 TI - [Psychopathologic aspects of hematologic neoplasms]. PMID- 3242358 TI - Postoperative starch granuloma revealed as femoral herniation. A case report. AB - A rare case of postoperative starch granuloma in a 55-year-old woman, revealed as femoral herniation, is reported. A small, finger-tip-sized tumor showing femoral herniation was noticed 3 weeks after cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, and no content in the hernia sac was noticed. Histologically, the granuloma situated in the wall of the hernia sac was diagnosed as a starch granuloma consisting of starch granules, which were clearly revealed by polarized light microscopy. These granules were detected in the cytoplasm of macrophages including multinucleated types, some showing a positive immune reaction with antibodies to the alpha subunit of S-100 protein, vimentin and lysozyme. Starch granules from surgical gloves showed identical features by polarized light microscopy, thus proving the histogenesis of this granuloma. This is the first reported case in the Japanese literature of starch granuloma manifested as femoral herniation. PMID- 3242360 TI - [Differences and similarities between neurotic and somatoform patients regarding feeling verbalization]. PMID- 3242361 TI - [Chemosensitivity studies of urological malignancies]. AB - Chemosensitivity tests to anticancer agents using human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA), novel dye exclusion method (NDE assay), sub-renal capsule assay (SRCA), and chick embryo method (CE method) were utilized to measure the sensitivity of urological malignancies. Surgical tumor specimens from 67 patients with urological malignancies were subjected to HTCA developed by Hamburger and Salmon. An appreciable growth of colonies was obtained in 20 out of 33 renal cancers, 20 out of 30 urothelial cancers and 1 out of 4 testicular tumors examined and colonial growth adequate for chemosensitivity was obtained in 30 of the 67 patients. More than 70% decrease in the plating efficiency after anticancer drug exposure according to Von Hoff's definition, or more than 1.0 value of the "in vivo -in vitro therapeutic index" in terms of the ratio of IC90 to the peak plasma concentration of the drug tested was defined as susceptible. According to Von Hoff's definition, susceptibility to vinblastine (VBL) and cis dichlorodiammine platinum (CDDP), was seen in 4 out of 11 patients with renal cancer, in 4 out of 15 patients with urothelial cancer and 1 out of 4 patients with renal cancer, respectively. With adriamycin (ADM) it was seen in 3 out of the 15 patients with urothelial cancer, 2 out of 10 patients with renal cancer and 1 patient with testicular tumor. According to TI, susceptibility to VBL was seen in 3 out of 7 patients with renal cancer, and with CDDP it was seen in 2 out of 12 patients with urothelial cancer, and 1 out of 2 patients with renal cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242362 TI - [Chemotherapy of renal cell carcinoma: experimental study and clinical effect]. AB - In vitro sensitivity tests of 6 antineoplastic agents (mitomycin C, bleomycin, adriamycin, Vinblastine , cis-dichlorodiamine platinum, ACNU) were carried out on cultured cell line (OUR-10) established from human renal cell carcinoma and the results were compared with clinical results of 16 cases of renal cell carcinoma treated in our clinic. The effect of these drugs was estimated from the cell growth curve and DNA histogram determined by flow cytometry. All these drugs showed a concentration dependent effect. However, the usefulness of these drugs was not recognized in 10 clinical cases of advanced tumors. PMID- 3242363 TI - [Experimental model of urinary bladder tumor in rats for evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents]. AB - The chemotherapeutic agents were evaluated using the experimental urinary bladder tumor rat model induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). Nine hundred and fourteen male rats received 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 8 weeks, and were divided into 35 groups to follow the regimens of chemotherapeutic agents. Thirty one groups received the agents after BBN treatment, and 4 groups were given the oral agents starting simultaneously with BBN treatment. All rats were killed at 20 weeks and incidence of the urinary bladder was examined histopathologically. The following 13 agents were evaluated; adriamycin (ADM), mitomycin-C (MMC), cyclophosphamide (CPM), 5-fluoro-uracil (5-Fu), N-(2 tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207), neocarcinostatine (NCS), carbazil quinone (CQ), bleomycin (BLM), vincristine (VCR) and cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (CDDP) were dosed intraperitoneally, and N-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5 fluorouracil (FT-207), 1: 4 mixture of FT-207 and uracil (UFT) and 1 Hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) were dosed orally. Among these agents, 5-Fu, FT-207, CQ, VCR, CDDP, UFT and HCFU were effective in inhibiting the incidence of urinary bladder tumor induced by BBN. In conclusion, the experimental bladder tumor rat model induced by BBN seems to be useful in evaluating the effective chemotherapeutic agents for a superficial bladder cancer. The importance of the experimental animal model for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents is discussed. PMID- 3242364 TI - [Anti-cancer drug sensitivity test against human testicular cancer xenograft- comparison with clinical results of chemotherapy]. AB - The antitumor effect of vinblastine (VBL), vincristine (VCR), etoposide (VP-16), teniposide (VM-26), cisplatin (CDDP), CBDCA (JM-8, Carboplatin), CHIP (JM-9), DWA2114R and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on four human testicular cancers heterotransplanted in nude mice were studied. The treatments with CDDP, CBDCA or CHIP significantly reduced the transplanted tumors. Combination chemotherapy with CDDP, bleomycin and VBL or VCR or VP-16 or VM-26 also revealed significant tumor regression. The antitumor effect of TNF on human testicular xenografts was much more evident when it was given intratumorally than when given intravenously. Teratoma was resistant to TNF even when it was administered intratumorally. Those results are briefly discussed and compared with the clinical results of chemotherapy. Several problems in anticancer drug sensitivity test against human tumor xenografts are also discussed. PMID- 3242365 TI - [In vitro chemosensitivity test by human tumor colony forming assay]. AB - In vitro chemosensitivity of urological cancers was assessed by a human tumor colony forming assay (HTCA) and a 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. Primary tumor cells from 160 of 253 (63%) urological cancers showed adequate colony growth (greater than 30 colonies per well), and there was a 57% true positive and 100% true negative rate for predicting clinical response of anticancer agents. On the other hand, cells from 37 of 45 (82%) urologic cancers incorporated a sufficient amount of 3H-thymidine (greater than 300 cpm). However, when the positive control drug (chromomycin A3 100 micrograms/ml) was used for the assay quality control, the successful assay rate of the HTCA (38%) was lower than that of the 3H thymidine incorporation assay (75%), while there was a significant correlation in drug sensitivities between the two assays. Thus, the 3H-thymidine incorporation assay seemed to be more useful than the HTCA for evaluating the chemosensitivity of urologic cancers. PMID- 3242366 TI - [Animal models of bladder cancer]. AB - Treatment with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) or N-ethyl-N-(4 hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (EHBN) in the drinking water induces bladder cancer of rats or mice with high incidence. Induced bladder cancers of rats are mostly papillary, non-invasive type, whereas those of mice are non-papillary, invasive type. Histologically, most of BBN-induced bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinoma in both rats and mice. On the other hand, the incidences of squamous cell carcinoma increased in cases of mice, especially in mice treated with EHBN. Metastases and invasions of bladder cancers are more common in mice than in rats. There are strain and species differences in the bladder response to BBN and EHBN. In addition, a putative preneoplastic lesion, papillary or nodular hyperplasia of the epithelium is a good marker for early detection of bladder cancer development. PMID- 3242367 TI - [Use of Makler counting chamber in semen analysis]. AB - Sperm concentration was measured using Makler counting chamber and compared with the concentration value measured by a classic method. Both values correlated well. The chamber contributes to a speedy, correct and simple semen analysis mainly because of no need of dilution of the semen. Viral infection to the examiner from the semen can also be avoided. PMID- 3242368 TI - [Importance of lateral inspection of the scrotum and value of intraoperative spermatic phlebography in varicocele]. AB - Varicocele appearing on the posterior surface of the scrotum is apt to be overlooked in a routine physical examination. Lateral inspection of the scrotum is important to detect a varicocele of this type. Intraoperative spermatic phlebography on high ligation for varicocele was valuable in confirming the ligation of a single vein or in visualizing the vessel(s) left unligated. PMID- 3242369 TI - [Bilateral testicular biopsies and histological comparison of both testes]. AB - Both testes from 37 men were biopsied; 17 idiopathic azoospermia and 20 varicocele patients either azoospermic or severely oligozoospermic. Histological findings of both testes were studied by means of Johnsen's score count. In idiopathic azoospermia, there was no difference between bilateral testes. Unilateral biopsy of the testis is indicated in this type of male infertility. In varicocele, the testis on the left side showed more advanced damage of the seminiferous tubuli than the right side on average count. Bilateral testicular biopsy is indicated in varicocele cases. PMID- 3242370 TI - [Problems in evaluating male fertility: valuable factors in evaluating male fertility and normal values of seminal parameters]. AB - To determine the valuable factor for evaluating male fertility, a comparative study was done as to various seminal parameters between fertile and infertile groups. The fertile group consists of 57 proven fertile males and the infertile group consists of randomly chosen 67 infertile patients. Seminal parameters assessed were sperm concentration, motility, mean velocity, total sperm output, total motile sperm output, sperm morphology, acrosin activity and sperm penetration rate on zona-free hamster egg penetration assay (SPA). The infertile group was significantly different from the fertile group in every parameter except acrosin activity. However, the range of each parameter in the two groups overlapped each other. The diagnostic rate of each parameter, which is the percentage of an infertile male correctly diagnosed as infertile, was calculated by using 95% specificity threshold value of fertile males. The 95% specificity threshold values of sperm concentration, motility and % normal shaped sperm were 24.9 x 10(6)/ml, 34.9% and 55%, respectively, and they could be acceptable for the normal limit of seminal parameters. The diagnostic rate was highest in penetration rate (72.4%). In other words, penetration rate is the most valuable factor in various parameters for making a distinction between fertile and infertile males. Sperm motility and mean velocity showed the next highest diagnostic rate. On the other hand, sperm concentration showed a poor diagnostic rate (36.8%). In addition, there was no significant correlation between penetration rate and any other seminal parameters. These results suggest that the SPA will be an essential test for evaluating male fertility and penetration rate may be a marker of male fertility in the treatment of male infertility. PMID- 3242371 TI - [Long-term effects of human seminal plasma from whole semen and from different fractions of split ejaculate on motility of human ejaculated spermatozoa]. AB - A number of studies have implied that seminal plasma contains one or more factors that stimulate spermatozoal motility. On the other hand, many authors have shown that continuous, long term exposure to seminal plasma is detrimental to motility and survival of spermatozoa. In this study we examined the long term effects of human seminal plasma not only from whole semen but also from different fractions of split ejaculate on motility of human ejaculated spermatozoa. Washed spermatozoa were incubated in modified BWW medium containing human serum albumin with or without seminal plasma. A considerable percentage of spermatozoa maintained good progressive motility for up to 20 h. when free from seminal plasma. Addition of seminal plasma (20%, v/v) obviously depressed the motility, particularly progressive motility. The most depressive effect occurred in the first (prostatic) fraction of split ejaculate, and the effect of the last (vesicular) fraction was less harmful. These observations suggest that seminal plasma has (a) factor(s) that impair the maintenance of spermatozoal motility which originate possibly from the prostate or epididymis, since both fluids of these accessory organs appear to be secreted mainly into the first portion ejaculate. PMID- 3242372 TI - [Copper concentration in seminal plasma of infertile men: influence of hormone therapy on copper concentration in seminal plasma]. AB - The copper concentration in semen was measured in 30 subjects with male sterility and in 7 normal males and the relationship with the concentration of sperms was investigated. Copper concentration in semen was also measured before and after hormone therapy in the other 10 cases. The mean and standard deviation of seminal copper concentration in the normal males were 89.71 +/- 80.84 micrograms/dl. The mean and standard deviations by sperm frequency were 39.75 +/- 29.35 micrograms/dl for less than 45 x 10(6) sperms/ml, 31.93 +/- 38.20 micrograms/dl for less than 15 x 10(6) sperms/ml and 19.54 +/- 10.89 micrograms/dl for azoospermia. A significant decrease in seminal copper concentration was found with decrease in the concentration of sperms. The copper concentration in the hormone-treated group increased 3-32 times or 11 times on the average after treatment compared with the pre-treatment values. In the ten subjects, the mean and standard deviations were 18.30 +/- 10.49 micrograms/dl before treatment and 159.80 +/- 148.81 micrograms/dl after treatment representing a significant post treatment increase in seminal copper concentration. PMID- 3242373 TI - [Clinical statistics on outpatients, inpatients and operations in 1986]. AB - Statistical studies were made on 1,637 outpatients, 568 inpatients and 563 operative procedures at our department in 1986. The most frequent diseases among the outpatients were urogenital infections followed by anomalies, tumors and stones. The major diseases among the inpatients were hypospadias, vesicoureteral reflux, benign prostatic hypertrophy, bladder tumor and congenital urethral stenosis. A total of 563 operations were performed. The five major operations were hypospadia repair, optic internal urethrotomy, transurethral resection of prostate, ureterocystoneostomy and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. PMID- 3242374 TI - [The diffusion of enoxacin into the prostatic fluid in the chronic prostatitis patient]. AB - To examine the diffusion of enoxacin into the prostatic fluid of patients with chronic prostatitis, the serum level and the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) level of enoxacin were measured. Enoxacin was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg in 24 chronic prostatitis patients. One hour later, blood and EPS samples were taken. The level of enoxacin was measured by the bioassay using E. coli (Kp strain). In 24 patients, the mean value of enoxacin was 1.24 micrograms/ml in the serum and 0.69 micrograms/ml in the EPS. The mean ratio of EPS/serum was 0.58. These results indicated that enoxacin diffused well into the prostatic fluid of chronic prostatitis patients. PMID- 3242375 TI - Effect of immunotherapy on antigen-specific IgG4 in asthmatics sensitive to D. pteronyssinus. AB - The aim of this paper is to study the optical density (O.D.) values, correlated with an ELISA system to determine specific IgG4 levels against D. pteronyssinus in the serum of 20 control subjects, 35 asthmatic patients without previous immunotherapy (I.T.) and 77 patients who had variable periods of I.T. The group of non-treated patients showed specific IgG4 levels which were significantly higher than those of the control group (p less than 0.05). In this group of patients, 31.43% of the cases showed levels superior to the control group. All treated patient groups showed specific IgG4 levels which were significantly higher than those of the control group and than those of the non-treated patients, with various levels of significance (see Table IV). Of the asthmatic patients with I.T. as a whole group, 59.74% showed O.D. levels superior to the control group. The highest level of specific IgG4 was found in the patient group with the longest time of I.T. There was no significant correlation between the specific IgG4 levels with the different immunologic parameters (cutaneous reactivity, HRT, total and specific IgE). As for the clinical picture, there were no significant differences in comparing active with inactive patients during the period of study. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels observed between patients with a good clinical course and those who did not respond favourably, although all the groups of patients with a good response had higher specific IgG4 levels. This way, these antibodies may play the role of a blocking agent. PMID- 3242376 TI - Secretory IgA levels in normal and atopic individuals. Influence of breast and/or bottle feeding. AB - The SIgA and IgA quantification by radial immunodiffusion was carried out in the saliva of 449 normal individuals, whose ages vary from 1 day to 32 years old. SIgA was determined in an agar plate containing purified serum against SIgA of human colostrum and the IgA in commercial plates containing serum anti IgA. The SIgA values grouped in different age groups were much variable, allowing only to establish minimum critical values for each group. In the saliva of 71 patients IgA was dosed by both methods. The set of obtained data showed significant correlation (p less than 0.05). The dosage of standardized quantities of SIgA and IgA in conventional plates containing serum anti IgA, allowed to establish corresponding values similar to precipitation ring diameter. In this way, it was possible to establish a "critical value" for salivary IgA by the use of conventional plates. Thus, the IgA quantitative determination by radial immunodiffusion with antibody against serum IgA was carried out in saliva samples of normal and atopic individuals (asthma and/or rhinitis). The patients' ages varied from 1 month to 32 years old. The obtained values were grouped according to defined age group. We observed non-measurable values in 70% of the children aged less than 1 month; from then on, the values were increasing, reaching adult levels from the 6th year on. We did not observe differences between the salivary IgA levels of normal and atopic children. In children aged less than 6 months breast and/or bottle feeding (natural, mixed or artificial) there were no differences between the IgA levels observed in saliva. PMID- 3242377 TI - Cutaneous positivity in patients with respiratory allergies to 42 allergenic extracts of airborne fungi isolated in Sao Paulo, Brazil. AB - With the purpose of measuring the frequency of allergies of the respiratory tract to airborne fungi in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 201 patients with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis were submitted to intradermal testings with allergenic extracts of 42 fungus genera isolated from the air in Sao Paulo. The extracts of these fungi were prepared according to Coca's method and then standardized by the weight by the volume method. At first, the patients were submitted to intradermal testing with the total polyvalent (TP) extract, getting positive reaction in 70 of them (34.8%). The patients with positive reaction to the TP were tested with the 42 individual extracts and 74.3% of them reacted positively to one or more extracts. These results led us to the conclusion that the most frequent fungi in the air of Sao Paulo were not the ones which cause the highest number of positive intradermal reactions. Therefore, the convenience in employing as many allergens as possible in intradermal testings for diagnosis should be reinforced. PMID- 3242378 TI - Depression of monocyte chemotaxis in intravenous drug abusers (IDA): cell alteration. AB - Intravenous drug abusers (IDA) show an important immunological dysfunction that plays a key role in pathogenesis of infections found in these patients. A defective adherence and chemotaxis has been described at the level of mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS). In this paper, we center on defective chemotaxis. In the face of a chemotactic alteration, the first step is trying to locate the alteration as humoral or cellular; we have used the work sheme proposed by Yousif Kadaru. Serum of IDA and controls, E. Coli endotoxin-activated and non-activated were used as attractants. Chemotaxis was studied by the morphologic method of Snyderman. Attractant capacity of E. Coli endotoxin activated serum was 55.93 +/- 10.88, similar to that of controls, 59 +/- 10.58. The same was true for non activated serum, 42.5 +/- 16.8 compared to 44.67 +/- 19.54. That means, according with the scheme proposed, that the alteration is localized in the cell. Some factors that could participate in the pathogenesis of the motor defect are commented in the discussion. The elevation in immunocomplexes titer observed in IDA could depress monocyte chemotaxis, but the defect would be humoral. A deficit in chemotactic factor could be discarded because its production capacity is preserved in IDA. Liver disease, both acute and chronic, is one of the most frequent medical complications in these patients. The cellular localization of depression eliminates any participation in the pathogenesis of chemotactic alteration. PMID- 3242379 TI - The ability of granulocytes of bone marrow tissue and vascular pools in atopic patients to absorb latex particles and Staphylococcus aureus. AB - In 68 patients with atopic asthma the ability of the granulocytes from the marrow tissue and vascular pools to engulf neutral latex particles and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was studied. In patients with atopic asthma at the time of a lull in the disease, an impairment of engulfing of latex particles and S. aureus by the granulocytes in the marrow and vascular pools was demonstrated. The ability of absorbing bacteria and latex by the granulocytes in the tissue pool was similar in the group of patients and in the control group. At the time of asthmatic dyspnoea the ability of engulfing of S. aureus and latex by marrow pool granulocytes was rising steeply, while vascular and tissue pool granulocytes showed an even greater impairment of this ability than at the time of absence of dyspnoea. PMID- 3242380 TI - Cellular immunity in lobomycosis (keloidal blastomycosis). AB - The cellular immune response of twelve patients from the Brazilian Amazon basin with lobomycosis were assessed. Delayed skin reaction to bacterial and fungal antigens, skin allograft rejection, and sensitization to dinitrochlorobenzene were studied. Ninety-two percent of the patients were not reactive to dinitrochlorobenzene after sensitization; skin allograft rejection occurred in an average of 17 days. Delayed skin reaction to streptococcal, staphylococcal, trichophytin and candida antigens was negative in the majority of the patients. Reactivity to mycobacterial antigens, however, was very high. The results suggest that patients with lobomycosis are partially cellular immunodeficient. PMID- 3242381 TI - Immunological findings in human beings with autoimmune uveitis. AB - Thirty-four adult patients suffering from uveitis of unknown origin were submitted to an immunological protocol where specific and non-specific parameters were checked. Serum IgA, IgG and IgM appeared within normal values meanwhile IgE PRIST was undoubtedly increased in 27 out of 34 patients. The presence of autoantibodies such as antimitochondrial and antismooth muscle were detected in a few patients with Harada's syndrome; high serum levels of immune complexes were also detected in this little group of patients with posterior uveitis. Serum complement fractions showed no significant changes. Antirretinal IgG antibodies were present in almost 40% of the patients especially in those who also have autoantibodies and immunocomplexes. The histoimmunofluorescent technique revealed positive images at the retinal membrane agreeing with the histopathological lesions obtained in the experimental model. The positive cross reactivity between bovine tissue sections and the sera from patients with uveitis reinforced the idea of the presence of common epitopes in the S-antigen of both origins. LT-CD4 and LT-CD8 serum lymphocytes showed contradictory results though both subpopulations appeared diminished. The ratio between them kept within the normal range or slightly increased (2.3-2.8). Sensitized lymphocytes to the S-antigen were detected by the MIF technique in one-third of the patients. The presence of IgG antiretinal antibodies led us to speculate about the possibility that an ADCC mechanism could also participate in the etiopathogenesis of the autoimmune uveitis. On the other hand the presence of a specific antiretinal IgE antibody must play a paramount role in increasing the vascular permeability and thus enhancing the humoral and cellular events in the inflammatory focus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242383 TI - Medical management of prostate cancer. Proceedings of a satellite symposium of the 3rd International Congress on Hormones and Cancer. Nice, France, September 2 4, 1987. PMID- 3242382 TI - Monosodium glutamate and skin pathology in pediatric allergology. AB - This study presents the cases of five children who consulted us because of skin pathology, in which a hypersensitivity to monosodium glutamate (MSG) was detected. In four children, the motive for consultation was urticaria; in two children, urticaria was accompanied by angioedema, while the fifth child presented with atopic dermatitis and urticaria. In the four cases of urticaria, the etiological diagnosis was probable drug allergy. The oral provocation test (OPT), carried out with monosodium glutamate (MSG) in opaque capsules containing 50 and 100 mgr., was positive in two hours in four of the five children. MSG's mechanism of action is unknown, and though its use is world-wide, no evidence of hypersensitivity with cutaneous symptomatology has been found in any of the studies carried out to date. PMID- 3242384 TI - Single drug polyestradiol phosphate therapy in prostatic cancer. AB - Serum concentrations of testosterone (T) and estradiol-17 beta (E2) were analyzed in prostatic cancer patients treated with 160, 240, or 320 mg polyestradiol phosphate (PEP) i.m. every fourth week as single drug therapy during a 6 month period. Estrogen effects on the liver were studied by analyzing serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in the 320 mg group and compared with values obtained in patients treated with 80 mg PEP i.m. every fourth week + oral ethinylestradiol (EE2) 150 micrograms daily, or by orchidectomy. Orchidectomy levels of T were reached within 3 weeks in the 320 and 3 months in the 240 mg group. In the 160 mg group, mean T levels reached the upper limit of orchidectomy values after 6 months. Accumulation of E2 occurred to mean levels 1,300-2,500 pmol/L at 6 months. At 6 months, SHBG levels had increased to 617% of pretreatment values in the oral EE2 group, to 166% in the 320 mg group, and were unaffected by orchidectomy. No cardiovascular side effects occurred during single drug PEP treatment. PMID- 3242385 TI - Effects of high-dose ketoconazole in patients with androgen-independent prostatic cancer. AB - Forty-four patients with metastatic cancer of the prostate that had failed conventional hormonal manipulation were treated with high-dose ketoconazole (600 1,200 mg/day). All patients had castrate serum concentrations of testosterone prior to therapy. All of the patients had been assessed by the criteria of the National Prostatic Cancer Project and been categorized as progressing. Over 50% of the patients were recategorized as having stable disease. The majority of the patients showed marked subjective improvement in pain on this therapy. Objective responses were noted but were not consistently seen. Side effects were common but tolerable. The median time of survival was 73.3 weeks. Ketoconazole may be a useful palliative adjunct in the treatment of hormone refractory prostatic cancer. PMID- 3242387 TI - Histology and immunohistochemistry studies in prostate cancer. AB - Histopathologic diagnosis of prostate carcinoma is not yet free of problems. There are particular difficulties in demarcating atypical forms of hyperplasia from well-differentiated carcinomas and in diagnosing and classifying incidental carcinomas. With the aid of conventional histology, however, nearly all diagnostic problems relevant for the patient can be solved. In routine diagnostics, modern immunohistochemical techniques are particularly helpful in assessing metastases of an undetected primary tumor. New immunohistochemical techniques provide insight into the receptor content of the prostate and show the histogenesis of prostate carcinoma in a new light. The estrogen receptor (modified ER-ICA test) is present in the nuclei of stromal cells and of basal cells within the glands, but not in the secretory epithelium. The receptor associated protein--ER-D5--is found in the cytoplasm of stromal and basal cells. In basal cells and secretory epithelium, keratins show a different pattern. Immunohistochemically common adenocarcinomas display the pattern of secretory epithelium; urothelial and squamous cell carcinomas, on the contrary, display the pattern of basal cells. This finding does not support the opinion that the basal cell is the stem cell of secretory epithelium and the precursor cell of prostate carcinoma. PMID- 3242386 TI - Clinical evaluation with long-term follow-up of flutamide and estramustine as initial treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Thirty patients with metastatic cancers but with no serious cardiovascular (CV) conditions were randomly assigned to receive treatment either with flutamide (250 mg x 3) (F) or with estramustine (280 mg x 2) (E). Clinical examination, bone scan, laboratory measurements were performed before randomization and at regular intervals thereafter. During an observation period of between 1 and 2.5 years, F was discontinued in one case (7%) because of icterus, and E in three cases (20%) because of CV complications. Of the remaining 14 F-treated patients, 13 responded initially. Eleven of them relapsed, and five died of cancer. In the corresponding group of 12 E-treated patients, there were 11 primary responders. Of these, only two relapsed and died, as did the only nonresponder. The difference between the two groups with regard to relapse is significant (p less than 0.01), but not with regard to mortality. In the present material, there was an initial favorable response to F without signs of CV complications and with maintained libido in most cases. However, due to the significantly increased risk for relapse compared with E, F cannot be recommended as single therapy except in cases where estrogens are contraindicated or when interference with libido and potency is unacceptable. PMID- 3242388 TI - Androgen-dependent human prostate cancer in nude mice. The PC-82 tumor model. AB - Permanent transplantable human tumors in nude mice offer the possibility of studying the impact of different (endocrine) treatment regimens on human cancer tissue. Among the limited number of human tumor models in athymic nude mice developed so far, the PC-82 tumor (which was established in our institution) mimics many of the important properties of clinical prostate cancer. The absence of PC-82 tumor growth in intact female and in castrated male mice indicates the absolute requirement of androgen for the growth of this tumor. Delayed testosterone (T) substitution (up to 70 days after tumor grafting) in PC-82 transplanted female mice resulted in tumor growth. This indicated that after androgen withdrawal at least part of the cells do not die and keep the capability to respond to androgens. Androgen withdrawal from T-implanted tumor-bearing female mice caused a rapid reduction (90% within 1 day) of the tissue T and a slower decline (up to 90% within 7-10 days) of tissue DHT concentrations. By the use of Silastic implants, containing different proportions of T mixed with cholesterol, circulating T levels of 0.2-20 nmol/L were obtained. It was observed that a constant plasma T level between 1 and 2 nmol/L (achieved with 10% T implants) is the threshold below which growth of the PC-82 tumor tissue is no longer stimulated. PMID- 3242389 TI - [Changes in utero-placental blood flow in comparison with placental morphological characteristics in chronic threatened abortion]. PMID- 3242390 TI - [Echographic control during conducting artificial abortion]. PMID- 3242391 TI - [Principles of the diagnosis of transversely narrowed pelvis]. PMID- 3242394 TI - [Classification of late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 3242392 TI - [Characteristics of the course and outcome of labor in women with transversely narrowed pelvis]. PMID- 3242393 TI - [Various characteristics of homeostasis in pregnant women with severe forms of late toxemia]. PMID- 3242396 TI - [Principles of hormonal therapy of threatened abortion]. PMID- 3242395 TI - [Problem of gestoses]. PMID- 3242397 TI - [Principles of the examination of women with threatened abortion caused by hyperandrogenism]. PMID- 3242398 TI - [Phenomenology of exile: the exiled person and his family]. AB - The experience of exile is the result of the interaction between the protagonists of this human tragedy and the society of refuge. The ambivalence of the refugee and his family is due to the loss of the original narcissistic supports and the need to assert the new situation. The article explains the characteristics of the experience of exile, at the individual and family level, and underlines the double challenge which has to be accepted by the exile and his family as well as by the society of refuge. PMID- 3242400 TI - [Topology and psychiatry. From reductionism to the restructuring of knowledge]. PMID- 3242399 TI - [Current problems in Japanese psychiatry]. AB - In its occidental version, japanese psychiatry is presently facing the very problems met by the countries to which it has borrowed its models, no real care policy having been set up. The most important problem is a rapidly increasing hospitalized population, the importance of which has given rise to some concern among international associations. It will probably remain a problem for a long time, as a result of the imbalance between public and private psychiatry, but we are confident that Japan will efficiently cope with it, eventually discovering that the occidental psychiatric model, from which it has hitherto inspired, is not the very best, as far as Japan is concerned. An original psychiatric response, inspired from japanese culture remains to be discovered. PMID- 3242401 TI - [Comparative study of 2 groups of bipolar manic-depressive patients treated with lithium or with carbamazepine]. PMID- 3242402 TI - [Variations in the blood levels of imipramine and desmethylimipramine, depending upon the route of administration, intramuscular or oral, of Tofranil]. PMID- 3242403 TI - [Vibrations in deafness and psychosis]. AB - Vibratory transmission is one of the first principles ofthe verbo-tonal method for the deaf child. Besides wrist vibrators, vibrating floor is a useful aid in communication with the autistic child. Complementary to oral or sign language, vibratory communication is full of possibilities in child deafness and psychosis. PMID- 3242404 TI - [Use of trazodone in maintaining general anesthesia during cesarean section]. PMID- 3242405 TI - [Fetal behavioral profile in physiological pregnancy: a longitudinal study]. PMID- 3242406 TI - [Puerperal infections in prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 3242407 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia]. AB - From an analysis of 1,546 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis collected throughout Tunisia three clinico-epidemiological forms could be determined. These forms are due to three different species of Leishmania and are observed in different geographical areas. Sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis (SCL), 63 cases. This form is found in Northern Tunisia, in known foci of Kala-azar. 96% of the patients have a single, small, ulcerated and crusty lesion on the face surrounded by an important zone of infiltration. Amastigotes are less than 4 microns in diameter, and it is very difficult to maintain the parasites in cultures. This form is probably due to Leishmania infantum, as has been demonstrated in Algeria in a similar form evolving in the same biotope as the Tunisian form. The vector and reservoirs of SCL are unknown. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), 1,412 cases. The disease is epidemic in Central and Southern Tunisia. The lesions are multiple; they affect the limbs more frequently than the face and heal in less than 8 months. They are polymorphous, usually large and superinfected. There is a seasonal occurrence of the outbreaks (summer and autumn). Amastigotes are large (4 to 6.5 microns in diameter) and the parasites easily grow in cultures. This form is caused by Leishmania major, and its vector is Phlebotomus papatasi. Three species of rodents harbour the parasite. Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), 71 cases. This form is endemic in South-Eastern Tunisia. 70% of the patients present with single lesions, one half of which affect the face. Dry and proliferating lesions are the most frequent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242408 TI - [Is accurate UVA dosimetry in photobiology and photodermatology an illusion?]. AB - Accurate UVA dosimetry is of primary importance for photobiological research as well as for UVA phototherapy and photochemotherapy. For the former, it is necessary because the success or failure of an experiment can depend on the UVA dose, and for the latter, the carcinogenic risks are dependent upon the cumulative dosage, as is the evaluation of the therapy. Experience has shown that the UVA meters used in different photodermatological and photobiological centers give divergent values when exposed to the same UVA source. One Joule/cm2 does not seem to be the same thing everywhere, and it can vary by as much as 400 p. 100. PMID- 3242409 TI - [Trichoblastic fibroma and colonic polyposis]. PMID- 3242410 TI - [Botryomycosis caused by the toe tourniquet syndrome]. PMID- 3242412 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Striction ulcer caused by an elastic]. PMID- 3242411 TI - [Epidermotropic and junctional metastases of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3242413 TI - [The hypothenar hammer syndrome]. PMID- 3242414 TI - [Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma]. PMID- 3242415 TI - [Diagnostic and surgical aspect of retrocaval ureter]. PMID- 3242416 TI - [Treatment of idiopathic hydrocele and cord cysts with sclerosing puncture of tetracycline]. PMID- 3242417 TI - [Ureteropyelostomy in the treatment of ureteral duplication with reflux]. PMID- 3242418 TI - [Teflon injection in the treatment of urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3242419 TI - [Skin metastasis as first symptom of renal adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 3242420 TI - [Syndrome of the right ovarian vein. Presentation of a new case]. PMID- 3242421 TI - [Arbovirus infections on the island of Nosy-Be; serologic and entomologic findings]. AB - Since 1977, the Pasteur Institute of madagascar has been studying, during six surveys, the arboviruses of Nosy-Be area, in the north-west of Madagascar. 47.2 p. 100 out of 271 human sera and 11.3 p. 100 out of 150 animal sera (mostly from Lemurs), tested for antibodies to 16 arboviruses by the haemagglutination inhibition test, are positive. The results show an important prevalence of Flaviviruses. West-Nile and Dengue 1 viruses were probably circulating some years before the surveys. Antibodies against Sindbis and Rift Valley Fever viruses, were found only in few subjects. Bunyamwera and Tahyna viruses are absent. The rate of positive Lemurs is weak, particularly in Lemur macaco species. Flaviviruses are the most frequent. 12262 haematophagous diptera (11965 Culicidae belonging to 40 species) were caught . Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are both present. Arbovirus isolation attempts from 394 mosquito pools failed; only Mengo virus was isolated from four pools of Erethmapodites quinquevittatus and one pool of Aedes (Skusea) sp. PMID- 3242422 TI - [Defense and an illustration of the taxonomy]. PMID- 3242423 TI - [Hemorrhagic fever viruses in Madagascar]. AB - The authors remind, what are the viral haemorrhagic fevers, and explain the situation in Madagascar. The viruses of Crimee-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Rift valley fever and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome are present in Madagascar. There is no real proof about the presence of Dengue viruses. The yellow fever viruses have never been stown off. It seems that there was not diagnosed outbreak of haemorrhagic fever, since the beginning of our century. PMID- 3242424 TI - [Study of an influenza epidemic in Tananarive (February 1987)]. PMID- 3242425 TI - [Recent findings on the epidemiology of malaria and on the distribution of plasmodial species in Madagascar in 1987]. PMID- 3242426 TI - [Attempted immunodepression of a Lemur macaco macaco carrying Plasmodium sp. Utilization of corticoids]. PMID- 3242427 TI - [Cyto-microbiologic study of cervico-vaginal specimens, associated with a serologic study to detect sexually transmissible diseases in Madagascan prostitutes]. AB - A microbiological survey of cervical and vaginal smears associated with a serological survey of sexual diseases was carried out on 298 prostitutes at the four principal Malagasy sea ports. This survey leads us to these conclusions: The great frequency of specific inflammations (72.1%) with Trichomonas vaginalis in the first place (39.2%). The serological tests proved a high rate of positive treponemical serologies (25.2%), whose the half of the cases are evolutive forms. Nevertheless prevalence of HBs-antigene among this population does not exceed the rate recorded in the other African countries, while the rate of anti HIV antibodies' carriers is lower than the rates recorded in those African countries. A comparative survey with tests carried out at IPM on Malagasy women showed clearly higher figures of inflammations, cervical and vaginal infections and positive treponemical serologies among prostitutes. PMID- 3242428 TI - [Coproculture of the animals at the Zoological Park of Tananarive with isolation of bacteria of the genera Shigella, Kluyvera, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas]. PMID- 3242429 TI - [Study of the virulence plasmids of 100 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated in Madagascar]. PMID- 3242430 TI - [Lipid profile in vasectomized men]. PMID- 3242431 TI - [Transoperative morbidity in bilateral tubal ligation in the IMSS (Mexican Institute of Social Security)]. PMID- 3242432 TI - [Morphological aspects of ovum maturation in an in vitro fertilization and gamete transfer program of the IMSS (Mexican Institute of Social Security)]. PMID- 3242433 TI - [Results of chronic treatment with bromocriptine in patients with fibrocystic mastopathy]. PMID- 3242435 TI - [Treatment of the cervical factor in infertility. Preliminary report]. PMID- 3242434 TI - [Multihormonal adenomas of the pituitary: immunohistochemical study of 13 cases]. PMID- 3242436 TI - [Changes in menstrual bleeding caused by the use of the IUD]. PMID- 3242437 TI - [Induction of oxygen consumption at the site of implantation in the rat by prostaglandins]. PMID- 3242438 TI - [Evaluation of methods for the isolation and purification Leydig and Sertoli cells]. PMID- 3242439 TI - Changes in the pituitary-testicular axis function with age in normal adult males. PMID- 3242440 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the endometrium of women using progesterone-releasing intrauterine devices for more than 5 years]. PMID- 3242441 TI - The carcinogenicity of discontinuous inhaled benzene exposures in CD-1 and C57Bl/6 mice. AB - Groups of male C57Bl and CD-1 mice were exposed to benzene via inhalation using two different exposure protocols. One protocol consisted of repetitive week-long exposures to 300 ppm benzene (6 h/d x 5 d/wk) interrupted by 2 weeks of non exposure. The exposure pattern (1 week of exposure followed by 2 weeks of non exposure) was continued until the death of the last exposed animal. The second protocol consisted of exposures to 1200 ppm benzene (6 h/d x 5 d/wk) for 10 weeks. Exposures were then terminated and the animals allowed to live out their lives. For each protocol, appropriate age-matched control mice received comparable exposures to filtered, conditioned air. The discontinuous exposure patterns mimic the patterns of exposure often encountered in the workplace and, in addition, prolong the survival of exposed animals so as to maximize potential tumorigenic responses. Both exposure protocols were markedly hematotoxic to both mouse strains as measured by peripheral blood counts. Both strains of mice responded to the intermittent 300 ppm benzene exposures with elevated incidences of malignant tumors. Particularly noteworthy was a 35% incidence of zymbal gland tumors in the C57Bl mice. In contrast, only the CD-1 mice responded to the 1200 ppm benzene exposures delivered over 10 weeks with elevated tumor incidences. A 46% incidence of lung adenoma was particularly striking in these mice. Neither of the benzene exposure protocols induced elevated incidences of leukemia/lymphoma in either strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242443 TI - Deacetylation and further metabolism of the mercapturic acid of hexachloro-1,3 butadiene by rat kidney cytosol in vitro. AB - Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) is more nephrotoxic to female than male rats. Metabolism of HCBD involves conjugation with glutathione followed by formation of the cysteine conjugate S-(pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl) cysteine (PCBD-CYS) and then the mercapturic acid N-acetyl-S-pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl-cysteine (PCBD NAC). PCBD-NAC is also more nephrotoxic to female rats than male rats. The deacetylation of [14C]-PCBD-NAC to PCBD-CYS and the binding of radiolabelled metabolites to protein has been studied using renal cytosol preparations from male and female rats in vitro, since a sex-related difference in these reactions could explain the difference in nephrotoxicity found in vivo. PCBD-NAC was rapidly metabolised by renal cytosol. The rate of metabolism was similar with either male or female renal cytosol, and the major metabolite identified was PCBD CYS. N-Acetylation of PCBD-CYS to PCBD-NAC was not detected in the presence of either male or female renal cytosol. Covalent binding of radioactivity from [14C] PCBD-NAC to cytosolic protein could be detected after 5 min incubation, and although the extent of binding was similar for both male and female cytosol at early time periods, after 60 min incubation more binding was found in the presence of male cytosol. Covalent binding was largely prevented by aminooxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, suggesting a role for this enzyme in the activation of HCBD. These results indicate that the sex differences in the nephrotoxicity of HCBD and PCBD-NAC in the rat are not attributable to differences in the rate of deacetylation of PCBD-NAC to give the proximate nephrotoxin PCBD-CYS. PMID- 3242442 TI - Profile of drug metabolizing enzymes in the nuclear and microsomal fractions from rat liver nodules and normal liver. AB - The activities of UDP-glucuronyl transferase, DT-diaphorase, epoxide hydrolase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were measured in the nuclear and microsomal fractions from normal rat liver and rat liver nodules. Nodules were produced by intermittent feeding of Wistar rats with a standard diet supplemented with 0.05% (w/w) 2 acetylaminofluorene. The nuclear and microsomal fractions were isolated by differential centrifugation. The activities of UDP-glucuronyl transferase, DT diaphorase, epoxide hydrolase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were significantly increased in the nuclear and microsomal fractions obtained from nodules as compared with normal liver. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was decreased in the microsomal fraction from the pathological tissue but not in the nuclear fraction. NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity was similar in nodular and normal liver tissue. The nuclear/microsomal ratio for phase I reactions in xenobiotic metabolism was increased over normal more than two fold. Thus the nuclear and microsomal systems for drug metabolism are both changed in liver nodules. The relative enhancement of nuclear activating reactions is remarkable in the light of the increased risk for malignant transformation exhibited by nodular cells. PMID- 3242444 TI - Urinary excretion kinetics of p-nitrophenol following oral administration of parathion in the rabbit. AB - The urinary excretion kinetics of p-nitrophenol were studied in rabbits following oral administration of parathion at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Elimination of p nitrophenol began rapidly, and of the total amount excreted during the study period, 46% was excreted in the first 3 h; 85% was excreted at 6 h after administration of the pesticide. The mean maximum excretion rate of p-nitrophenol was 111.15 +/- 61.02 micrograms/h reached in a time of 0.77 +/- 0.26 h. The formation and disappearance rate constants of the metabolite were 2.85 +/- 2.80 h 1 and 0.80 +/- 0.28 h-1, respectively. A linear relationship was observed between the plasma concentrations of parathion and the urinary excretion rate of p nitrophenol. PMID- 3242445 TI - Evidence for hydroxyl free radical formation during paraquat but not for nifurtimox liver microsomal biotransformation. A dimethyl-sulfoxide scavenging study. AB - The effect of several experimental conditions on methane (CH4) production from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in incubation mixtures containing liver microsomes and NADPH generating systems was studied. The process was heat sensitive in part but a significant fraction was non-enzymatic in nature. CH4 formation from DMSO was not significantly modified by 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate. HC 1 (SKF 525A) or EDTA 1 mM and significantly enhanced under an atmosphere of (CO 80% + O2 20%) rather than under air. A marked increase in CH4 production was observed when paraquat (PQ) was included in incubation mixtures but not when nifurtimox (Nfx) was added. Results support the hypothesis of hydroxyl free radical (.OH) formation during PQ biotransformation but cast doubts about its production for the case of Nfx. The low temperature gas chromatographic separation of d3-CH4 from CH4 described opens the future possibility for detecting trace formation of .OH in vivo, without interference from fecal CH4 formation by administering d6 DMSO to animals and collecting exhaled gases produced, in chambers containing the entire animal. PMID- 3242446 TI - Pharmacokinetics and biological activity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 1. Dose-dependent tissue distribution and induction of hepatic ethoxyresorufin O deethylase in rats following a single injection. AB - Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in rat liver and adipose tissue, and hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity were studied subsequent to a single subcutaneous injection of TCDD. Two types of experiments were performed to study: (a) time-dependent changes following a single injection of 300 ng TCDD/kg body wt (points 1-4), and (b) dose-dependent changes measurable after 7 days following a single injection (points 5-7). 1. Absorption of TCDD following a single subcutaneous injection was about 90% after 3 days and 98% after 5 days. 2. Following a single dose of 300 ng TCDD/kg body wt peak concentrations were: liver (after 3 days): 4.7 +/- 0.9 ng/g wet wt, and adipose tissue (after 7 days): 0.82 +/- 0.07 ng/g wet wt. 3. T1/2 of TCDD in liver was 13.6 days over the total experimental period (from day 10 to 91 of the study), apparently with an initial faster phase: 11.5 days (from day 10 to 49), and a slower period at the end of the experiment: 16.9 days (from day 49 to 91); in adipose tissue the t1/2 was 24.5 days (from day 14 to 91 of the study). 4. Maximum induction of EROD in the liver was observed (14-fold at 300 ng TCDD/kg body wt) 3-7 days following the injection; the activity was decreased to about one third of the maximum 3 weeks after the injection; increase in total cytochrome P-450 at this dose was only about 1.4-fold at the induction maximum. 5. The ratio of the TCDD concentrations in liver and adipose tissue increased considerably between doses of 3 ng TCDD/kg body wt (ratio: about 0.74) and 3000 ng TCDD/kg body wt (ratio: about 7.7). 6. The extent of EROD induction in the liver increased dose dependently. A significant effect was first observed with a dose of 3 ng TCDD/kg body wt (activity about +32% above control activity). The corresponding tissue concentration was about 10 pg TCDD/g liver wet wt. 7. An almost perfect linear relationship exists (when using a double-log plot) between the hepatic TCDD concentration and the EROD activity for tissue concentrations ranging from 40 to 30,000 pg TCDD/g wet wt. PMID- 3242447 TI - Long-term effects of commercial and congeneric polychlorinated biphenyls on ethane production and malondialdehyde levels, indicators of in vivo lipid peroxidation. AB - Ethane exhalation was increased in male Sprague-Dawley rats following a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of Aroclor 1254 (500 mg/kg). In the first 2 weeks following Aroclor 1254 treatment, the increase in ethane exhalation was due to an inhibition of metabolism of endogenous ethane rather than to an increase in ethane production. In weeks 3 and 4 following Aroclor 1254 administration, metabolic clearance of ethane returned to and exceeded control levels, while ethane production increased to approximately twice the control rates (day 30). The HPLC determination of in situ hepatic malondialdehyde levels revealed a 2 fold increase in malondialdehyde content on day 30 following the Aroclor 1254 injection. Further, parallel increases in in situ malondialdehyde levels and ethane production rates were also found 30 days following a single IP injection of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,3,4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (300 mumol/kg). These effects were not reflected in increased diene conjugation. Redox state of the liver was largely unaffected, as evidenced by the relative concentrations of reduced and oxidized NADPH. However, minor changes in reduced and oxidized glutathione were noted. PMID- 3242448 TI - Triphenyl phosphite neurotoxicity in the hen: inhibition of neurotoxic esterase and of prophylaxis by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. AB - The neuropathic syndrome resulting in the cat and the rat from single or multiple doses of the phosphorous acid ester tiphenyl phosphite (TPP) has been reported to differ from the syndrome caused by numerous phosphoric acid esters, which is known as organophosphorous compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). Since the hen is used to test compounds for OPIDN, we chose to study the neurotoxicity of single subcutaneous doses of TPP using this animal model. TPP (1000 mg/kg) produced progressive ataxia and paralysis which began to develop 5-10 days after dosing. Similar signs were observed when subcutaneous doses of the OPIDN-causing agents tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) or diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) were administered. The minimum neurotoxic dose of TPP was 500 mg/kg. Prior administration of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) prevented the development of a neuropathy induced by DFP, but did not fully protect the hens from TPP or TOCP. PMSF slowed, but did not prevent, the neuropathy caused by TOCP. PMSF reduced the neurotoxicity of 500 mg/kg TPP, but increased the neurotoxicity of 1000 mg/kg TPP. TPP was found to be a very potent inhibitor of neurotoxic esterase (NTE), the putative target site for OPIDN, in vitro, with a ki of about 2.1 x 10(5) M-1 min-1. Equimolar doses of either TPP (1000 mg/kg) and TOCP (1187 mg/kg) caused over 80% inhibition of neurotoxic esterase (NTE) in brain and sciatic nerve. This high level of NTE inhibition persisted for several weeks. This prolonged inhibition probably accounts for the inability of PMSF to block the neurotoxicity of TOCP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242449 TI - Acute inhalation toxicity of eugenol in rats. AB - The acute toxicity of inhaled eugenol was assessed by exposure of three groups of five male and five female rats to a submicron aerosol of eugenol for 4 h followed by a 14-day observation period. A fourth group, also of five male and five female rats and exposed to air only under similar conditions, served as a control group for comparison. The three concentrations of eugenol to which the different groups were exposed were 2.58, 1.37 and 0.77 mg/l. The mass median aerodynamic diameters and geometric standard deviations of the aerosols were, respectively, 0.82 micron (sigma g 2.26), 0.88 micron (sigma g 2.05) and 0.9 micron (sigma g 1.87). Clinical signs observed during exposure consisted principally of moderately increased salivation and restlessness (indicative of irritation) and abnormal breathing patterns. The signs were graded, being less marked in animals exposed to the lower concentrations of eugenol. All three groups, exposed to high, medium and low levels of eugenol, lost weight overnight following exposure. Associated with the weight loss were marked reductions in food and water intake. The responses appeared to be largely independent of the concentration of eugenol inhaled, although there was some evidence of a graded effect on water intake. There was rapid recovery, with food and water consumption data comparable with control values throughout most of the remainder of the 14-day observation period. Also, by the end of the observation period, group mean body weights were comparable. Upon sacrifice and macroscopic examination of the animals, abnormalities were detected in the lungs only of a few animals: 3/10 control, 2/10 eugenol 2.58 mg/l, and 2/10 eugenol 0.77 mg/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242450 TI - Effect of age on cadmium-induced metallothionein synthesis in the rat. AB - Cadmium-induced metallothionein (MT) synthesis was investigated in male rats of three ages, 3, 12 and 24 months. Physiological levels of MT in kidney, liver and lung measured simultaneously in untreated animals were found to be within the same range in all three age groups. Following 3-day treatment with CdCl2 equivalent to 1 mg/kg/day Cd, renal MT increased 10-15-fold in all animals. However, hepatic MT became elevated to 36 times the original value in the youngest (3-month-old) rats and 90 and 74 times, respectively, in the 12- and 24 month-old groups. Lung MT, which responded rather poorly to the cadmium inducer, increased 2-fold in the young group, but about 10 and 8 times, respectively, in the two older groups. High mortality of 75% occurred in the aged (24-month-old) group following cadmium administration, indicating age to be an important sensitizing factor in the toxic hazard of heavy metal exposure. The possible role in this connection of MT is discussed. PMID- 3242451 TI - Cotinine determination by immunoassays may be influenced by other nicotine metabolites. AB - Polyclonal rabbit anticotinine antiserum, which can be used for biomonitoring nicotine uptake by the determination of cotinine in body fluids, was checked by a competitive ELISA for its cross-reactivity with nine nicotine metabolites. The highest percentage of relative cross-reactivity (about 30%) was observed with trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, a metabolite which is known to be excreted in 3-fold higher amounts than cotinine in the urine of human smokers. Therefore, it is possible that cotinine determinations performed by immunochemical methods- especially in urine--may yield overestimated cotinine concentrations. PMID- 3242453 TI - [The development of components of the blood-brain barrier in the neocortex of the white rat]. AB - In formation and differentiation of the hematoencephalic barrier elements in white non-inbred rats of 14 age groups (55 animals) at the ultrastructural level certain regular phases of the process have been revealed. For example, morphological maturation of endotheliocytes and pericytes occurs on the 7th day of the postnatal life. Maximal decrease in permeability of the hematoencephalic barrier takes place on the 10th day, as a consequence of liquidation of the pericapillary space between the basal membrane and the glial tunic of the capillaries. Morphofunctional maturation of the hematoencephalic barrier (the 21st day) terminates in differentiation of the pericapillary astrocytic limbs, that surround up to 85% of the capillary perimeter. PMID- 3242452 TI - Iso-OMPA-induced potentiation of soman toxicity in rat correlates with the inhibition of plasma carboxylesterases. AB - Recently, the question was raised as to why iso-OMPA, generally known as a selective irreversible inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), potentiates soman toxicity in rats but not in mice. Mice are known to have higher carboxylesterase (CarbE) and lower BuChE activity in plasma than rat. It could be hypothesized that it is the iso-OMPA inhibition of plasma CarbE, and not of BuChE, which is responsible for potentiation of soman toxicity in iso-OMPA pretreated rats. In order to test this hypothesis two doses of iso-OMPA were administered to rats prior to soman. The two doses were selected in such a way that both were high enough to inhibit more than 90% of plasma BuChE activity; plasma CarbE activity, however, was only slightly inhibited by the lower and substantially by the higher dose of iso-OMPA. Our results demonstrate that iso OMPA-induced potentiation of soman toxicity correlates with the inhibition of CarbE and not with the inhibition of BuChE activity in rat plasma. Relative resistance of mice to iso-OMPA-induced potentiation of soman toxicity could therefore be explained by a higher proportion of CarbE activity remaining uninhibited after iso-OMPA pretreatment. By having their active centers unoccupied, CarbE molecules can bind soman and reduce its concentration in neuronal tissue and motor end-plates. PMID- 3242454 TI - [Ultrastructural restructurings in the rat cerebral cortex after ascorbic acid administration into the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - A short increase of the ascorbic acid concentration in the rat cerebral cortex after intraventricular bilateral injection of 20 mcl of 0.1% or 1% solution of ascorbic acid, as well as intracisternal injection of 20 mcl of 0.5% solution results in a prolonged (no less than 21 days) ultrastructural reorganization in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cortical neurons: amount of lysosomes, polysomes, vesicles of the Golgi complex, subsurface cisterns increases; this demonstrates an increasing RNA and protein synthesis, catabolic processes and neuronal-glial interaction. Changes of ultrastructure of the synaptic terminals- decaying mitochondria in them, formation of myelin-like bodies and after interstitial injection, in addition, protrusions into the adjusting dendrite- demonstrate that synapses are also one of the points, where excess of ascorbic acid affects the CNS. In a long time 3 and 6 months after injection, the changes mentioned are not observed, but in the glial processes there are vacuoles, containing degenerating elements. PMID- 3242455 TI - [Localization of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases in the human spinal cord and brain]. AB - Location of aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDG) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADG) has been studied in 38 nuclei of the human brain. Neurons with a high AldDG activity predominate in the nucleus of the descending root of the trigeminal nerve, motor nuclei of the craniocerebral nerves (trigeminal, facial, abducent, blocking, sublingual, supraspinal), motor nuclei of the anterior horns of the spinal cord, lateral vestibular nucleus, posterior nucleus of the vagus nerve, pedunculopontine nucleus, superior salivary nucleus, and in the nucleus of Westphal-Edinger-Jacobovich. Neurons with a moderate AldDG activity predominate in the superior olivary complex, nucleus of the lateral loop, parabrachial (pigmented) mesencephalic nucleus and reticular lateral nucleus. A low enzymatic activity is specific for neurons of the pons proper, inferior vestibular nucleus, trapezoid body of the inferior olivary complex, dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, reticular nucleus of the tegmen of Bekhterev's pons and posterior nucleus of Gudden's suture. A high ADG activity is revealed in piriform neurons of the cerebellar cortex. Functional importance of ADG and AldDG activity in the brain is discussed. PMID- 3242456 TI - [Reaction of the ultrastructure of the rat spinal ganglion to exposure to a pulsed electromagnetic field]. AB - White noninbred male rats have been subjected to a total effect of the impulsive electromagnetic field (IEMF) of 100 mT for 1, 3, 5, 10 days, 15 min daily. IEMF produces an essential morphofunctional reorganization in neurons, gliocytes, blood vessels of the rat spinal ganglion. Light neurons demonstrate an earlier reaction. Manifestation of the ultrastructural changes depends on multiplicity of the IEMF action: at initial effects they concern predominantly cytoplasmic structures of the neurons, at multiple effects--nuclear structures also become involved, reactive changes in gliocytes appear and increase. Early and distinctly seen reaction to the IEMF effect demonstrates endothelium of blood vessels. The changes revealed in the spinal ganglion are reversible, but the time of restoration of the normal ultrastructure directly depends on multiplicity of the IEMF action. PMID- 3242457 TI - [Cholesterol in the plasmalemma of endotheliocytes in the normal aorta and in hypercholesterolemia (scanning electron microscopy research)]. AB - Using a specific latex marker (SLM) and scanning electron microscopy, distribution of cholesterin in plasmolemma of endotheliocytes of the thoracic part of the rabbit aorta has been studied under normal conditions and at experimental atherosclerosis, as well as on the surface of liposomes and flat bilayer films. SLM reacts with a high specificity directly with cholesterin of the membrane. When studying microtopography of cholesterin, it is possible to distinguish microdomains with various density of distribution of SLM particles. Amount of SLM per 1 mcm2 of the artificial membrane surfaces grows at increase of the cholesterin-phospholipid (Ch/Phl) index of the membrane; Ch/Phl can bind with the membranes beginning only with the threshold value of the Ch/Phl index equal to 0.5. At hypercholesterolemia amount of SLM on the luminal surface of plasmolemma of the aortal endotheliocytes increases by 78%. Hence, at hypercholesterolemia in the luminal part of plasmolemma of the aortal endotheliocytes the Ch/Phl index increases; this should be taken into consideration, when observing mechanisms of reorganization of the endothelial cells layer at atherosclerosis. PMID- 3242458 TI - [Mast cell changes in the organs of the immune system under physical loading]. AB - By means of histological and morphological methods reaction of mast cells has been studied in the thymus and inguinal lymph nodes of mature non-inbred white male rats, subjected to systematic physical loadings (daily swimming) with increasing time from 5 up to 100 min during 5 months. Morphological changes in the organs studied and manifestation of the mast cell reaction essentially depend on the degree of the animals' adaptation to the loading. In the animals adapted to swimming, decreasing area, occupied by the connective tissue elements, in comparison to that in the control--increasing cortical area, increasing number of lymphoid cells, decreasing number of the mast cells in the inguinal lymph nodes- are noted. When the adaptation of the animals to the loading is insufficient, outgrowth of the connective tissue elements, decreasing cortical zone, impoverishment of the parenchyma with lymphocytes occur. The number of the mast cells increases, many of them are at the state of degranulation. PMID- 3242459 TI - [The internal variability of the mesothelium during regeneration following trauma applied at various times of the day]. AB - A quantitative investigation of the mitotic activity (MA) dynamics, size of the cells, amount of their mutual contacts (as an index of the epithelial layer regulation) and amount of nucleoli in the nuclei of mesothelium after a trauma, performed at 9 a.m. and at 9 p.m. has been carried out. The investigation lasted for 96 h. According to statistically significant differences two zones are revealed: a nearer and a remote one. Changeability of mesothelium increases in both zones, but it is greater manifested in the nearer zone. MA dynamics in both zones demonstrates a quick growing and a similarly quick drop, except the remote zone after the morning operation, where MA decreases slower. Amount of the cells, whose nuclei contain more nucleoli than in the norm, increases before the development of the MA waves. MA increase is accompanied with decreasing size of the cells. Normalization of MA and size of the cells occur approximately simultaneously. This process is more manifested after the morning operation, and after the evening one, normalization of these signs, during the time of observation, is reached only in the remote zone. Disorganization of mesothelium, as a tissue system, precedes the MA increase. A significant difference of this sign from the control takes place only in the nearer zone after the morning operation. As a whole, the changeability of mesothelium is more manifested after the morning operation. PMID- 3242460 TI - [Development of the ductule system of the epididymis in the prenatal period of human ontogeny]. AB - In 285 human embryos, prefetuses, fetuses and newborns by means of a complex of morphological methods, development of the epididymal canalicular system has been studied. The anlage of the epididymal canalicular system is stated to appear in embryos 13.0-17.0 mm long (the 6th week of development) and is presented as an accumulation of epithelial cells and primary germ cells between reducing glomeruli and mesonephric canaliculi. The canalization process of the cellular accumulations and their transformation into real canaliculi takes place during the first half of the prefetal period (the 8th week of development). Further growth and development of the epididymal canaliculi takes place in the craniocaudal direction and by the end of the prefetal period (the 12th week) the canaliculi of the head are already formed, they have a twisted course; within the limits of the body and tail they are yet poorly differentiated and their course is nearly straight. During the fetal period of ontogenesis, further differentiation of the epididymal parts occurs and structure of their canaliculi becomes more complex. They acquire a twisted course in all the parts of the organ; by the end of the fetal period the form and structure of the epididymal canaliculi resemble those of the definitive organ. PMID- 3242461 TI - [Localization of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the gonads of bivalve mollusks--the sea pecten (Patinopecten yessoensis Jay) and Gray's mussel (Crenomytilus grayanus Dunker)]. AB - Presence of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) in testes and ovaries of the common mussels--Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay) and Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker) has been demonstrated histochemically. The enzyme is revealed in some granular amebocytes and germ cells. In growing oocytes its activity is higher that in oocytes completed their growth. 17 beta-HSD is revealed electron microscopically near agranular endoplasmic reticulum, or on the external surface of its membranes and in globules, possessing, evidently, lipid nature. The data obtained demonstrate that synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones are possible both in additional gonadal elements and in germ cells of the animals investigated. PMID- 3242462 TI - Renal disease in diabetics--which patients have diabetic nephropathy and what is their outcome? AB - From August 1974 to January 1985, 53 patients (26 men; seven Maoris) mean age 45 (SD 15) years, with diabetes mellitus for a mean of 12 (SD nine) years had a renal biopsy and were followed. Indications for biopsy were nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, renal impairment (five) and hematuria (one). Mean plasma creatinine concentration was 0.22 (SD 0.18) mmol/L and protein excretion 3.4 (SD 2.5) g/24 h. Diabetic nephropathy was demonstrated in 39 patients and significantly associated with retinopathy and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Of the 39 patients followed for 25.7 (SD 22.8) months, 18 had died (nine myocardial infarction, six uremia, two sepsis, one stroke) and nine had begun dialysis. The five-year cumulative renal survival was 28%. The presence of the nephrotic syndrome and the plasma creatinine concentration at presentation were the best predictors of survival. Diabetics with IDDM of 20 years duration, retinopathy and heavy proteinuria, who survive the other complications of their disease, are likely to have diabetic nephropathy requiring renal replacement therapy. PMID- 3242463 TI - Incidence and outcome of multiple myeloma in Western Australia, 1960 to 1984. AB - All patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma in Western Australia have been registered since 1960; 337 men and 280 women were registered in the period 1960 84. During this period there was a 25% increase in incidence. Age adjusted incidence rates rose from 2.34 per 100,000 person years in men and 1.64 in women during the decade 1960-69 to 2.95 in men and 1.92 in women in 1980-84. Overall, the incidence was 1.36 times higher in men than in women (95% confidence interval 1.16-1.59). Survival from multiple myeloma improved substantially during the period. In 1960-69, median survival for both sexes was six months, in 1970-79 it was 19 months, and in 1980-84 median survival in men was 43 months while in women it was at least five years. PMID- 3242465 TI - A paroxysmal ocular motility disorder in multiple sclerosis. AB - A 24-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis had frequent episodes of an ocular motility disorder and a crossed corticospinal tract deficit. This symptom complex illustrates a distinctive form of paroxysmal disorder in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3242464 TI - Tracheal papillomatosis treated with Nd-Yag laser resection. AB - We report a case of tracheal papillomatosis in a 69-year-old woman who presented with stridor and functional evidence of large airway obstruction. She was successfully treated by endobronchial resection using a Neodymium Yag laser. This provided lasting symptomatic relief of dyspnea. Respiratory papillomatosis is a disease predominantly of the childhood larynx and its presentation with predominant tracheal involvement late in life is extremely uncommon. Laser therapy provides an extremely effective treatment modality for this condition. PMID- 3242466 TI - Ectopic pancreas and cystic fibrosis. AB - The case is reported of an infant with cystic fibrosis and duodenal obstruction relieved by surgery and caused by an affected submucosal ectopic pancreas in the third part of the duodenum. PMID- 3242467 TI - Lung infection caused by Rhodococcus. AB - We report a case of lung infection, clinically resembling tuberculosis, caused by Rhodococcus rubropertinctus. The patient had no apparent immunosuppression which is unusual for disease caused by the 'rhodochrous' complex. The infection responded successfully to oral anti-tuberculous therapy, which included rifampicin, and to oral tetracycline. PMID- 3242469 TI - A study of arthritis in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3242470 TI - AIDS and the heart. PMID- 3242468 TI - Positive response to edrophonium in death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus) envenomation. AB - A 20-year-old Papua New Guinean male developed neuromuscular paralysis following a bite by a death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus). Ptosis persisted despite otherwise effective anti-venom therapy. The ptosis clinically resembled myasthenia gravis and improved after intravenous edrophonium. The role of anticholinesterase drugs in snake bite management is discussed. PMID- 3242471 TI - Antibody patterns in the serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. PMID- 3242472 TI - Acute pancreatitis due to Hodgkin's disease in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3242473 TI - Bacteremia in neutropenic patients at a major teaching hospital--1981 to 1987. PMID- 3242475 TI - Arthur E. Mills memorial oration. PMID- 3242474 TI - Significance of delayed potentials detected on the signal-averaged electrocardiogram in patients with previous myocardial infarction. PMID- 3242476 TI - Allocation of resources in perinatal medicine: an editorial discussion. PMID- 3242477 TI - The Australian College of Paediatrics. Policy statement. AIDS. PMID- 3242478 TI - Epilepsy and learning. PMID- 3242479 TI - Family therapy in the 1980s. PMID- 3242480 TI - Role of childhood in the development of skin cancer. PMID- 3242482 TI - Transfusion-associated fall in platelet count in very low birthweight infants. AB - Thirty-three infants with a birthweight of less than 1500 g were investigated retrospectively for the incidence and aetiology of thrombocytopenia occurring during the first week of life. The platelet count fell below 100 x 10(9)/l in 16 infants (48%). There was a moderately strong inverse correlation between the platelet count at its nadir during the first week or the first value below 100 x 10(9)/l and the percentage of blood volume transfused prior to this (r = -0.61; P less than 0.0001). When the platelet count was expressed as a percentage of the initial count the correlation was -0.74 (P less than 0.0001). The results were not affected by the elimination of the 10 infants with clinical conditions regarded as a probable cause of thrombocytopenia. The fitted least-squares regression line suggests that a transfusion equal to 10% of the blood volume on average reduced the platelet count by 19 x 10(9)/l or by 7% in these very low birthweight infants during the first week of life. PMID- 3242481 TI - Temperament in Australian toddlers. AB - A revised validated version of the Toddler Temperament Scale (TTS) was used to develop normative data for temperament in Australian toddlers. Results confirm the accepted practice of dividing the group into younger and older toddlers, with normative data reported for those younger and older than 24 months. The TTS can be used above the normal cut-off age of 36 months. Care must be taken with interpretation of temperament scores, especially when comparing children of different backgrounds. PMID- 3242483 TI - Late onset bowel stenoses after neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - In 14 cases of bowel stenoses occurring after neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), eight cases presented early, within 8 weeks from the onset of NEC and three beyond 4 months. In the other three cases the stenoses occurred in defunctionalized loops. The late onset stenoses remained undiagnosed until they presented with acute, life-threatening complications, and one of these patients died. We draw attention to these late onset stenoses which could be missed in early contrast studies, and recommend a study at 4 months rather than at 4 weeks, as previously recommended. Those presenting early should not be missed, as all of our cases presented with acute and obvious intestinal obstructions, and they were all still in hospital or undergoing frequent review. PMID- 3242484 TI - Perforated chronic duodenal ulcer in children with coexistence of acute appendicitis. AB - Two cases of perforation of duodenal ulcer with coexistence of acute appendicitis are reported. Current concepts regarding this unusual complication of childhood duodenal ulcer are discussed. PMID- 3242485 TI - Prolonged retention of a swallowed foreign body in the stomach following pyloromyotomy. AB - An unusual case of prolonged retention of a swallowed, round-shaped, magnet tack in the stomach of a patient is reported. The patient had had a previous pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis. Patients with a history of pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis may present special problems for the passage of foreign bodies reaching the stomach and may be more likely to require surgical intervention. PMID- 3242486 TI - The Australian College of Paediatrics. Abstracts of papers presented at the annual scientific meeting. May 1988. PMID- 3242487 TI - Paediatric Research Society of Australia. Abstracts of papers presented at the 21st annual scientific meeting. May 1988. PMID- 3242488 TI - Method for quantitating cholesterol in subfractions of serum lipoproteins separated by gradient gel electrophoresis. AB - Extensive heterogeneity in particle size distribution of serum lipoproteins of baboons was resolved by a procedure that combined Sudan black B prestaining, polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE), and quantitative densitometry. Each densitometric scan represented a continuous distribution of the relative amount of cholesterol in a serum sample, as a function of the lipoprotein particle size. For analytical purposes, each scan was divided into 12 fractions, representing 12 particle size ranges. The relationship between the estimated cholesterol concentrations in the summed GGE/densitometric fractions corresponding to very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) + low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and those corresponding to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and concentrations measured by the heparin-Mn2+ precipitation/enzymatic procedure was linear over a broad range. However, a systematic overestimation of HDL cholesterol concentration and an underestimation of VLDL + LDL cholesterol concentration was apparent. Therefore, correction factors were developed for adjusting the estimates of VLDL + LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations obtained by the GGE/densitometric method. This analytical method is rapid, repeatable, economical, and useful for genetic and dietary research in which cholesterol concentrations in multiple particle size ranges of lipoproteins must be measured in large numbers of samples. It also is adaptable to immunoblotting procedures for detecting the distribution of specific apolipoproteins among the size resolved lipoproteins. PMID- 3242489 TI - Genetic polymorphism of tear proteins in the rat. AB - Polymorphism of tear proteins was found by agarose gel electrophoresis among inbred strains of rats. The proteins (RTP-1) are inherited as a single autosomoal trait. The locus was designated Rtp-1 (rat tear protein-1) and it had two codominant alleles (Rtp-1a, Rtp-1b). Although we did not find any recombinant between the Rtp-1 and the Mup-1 loci among 67 backcross progeny, we found 3 strains with the recombinant type between them in 33 inbred strains tested. The results suggest that the Rtp-1 locus is very closely linked with the Mup-1 locus, which belongs to rat linkage group II. RTP-1 proteins strongly reacted with anti MUP-1 A serum on agarose gel electrophoretograms. PMID- 3242490 TI - Polymorphism and inheritance of gliadin components controlled by chromosome 6A of spring durum wheat. AB - The gliadin composition of 78 spring durum wheat varieties has been studied by one-dimensional (Al-lactate, pH 3.1) and two-dimensional (first dimension, Al lactate, pH 3.1; second dimension, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel) electrophoresis. Analysis of hybrids has shown that all components of the alpha zone of gliadin spectra are inherited together as blocks and are, probably, coded for by a cluster of tightly linked genes located on chromosome 6A. Fourteen variants of gliadin blocks have been identified, which can be classified into five families on the basis of component composition. All families but one have analogues among chromosome 6A-controlled blocks of bread wheat. The results indicate that some of the genome A diploid genotypes that were ancestors of durum wheats were also ancestors of bread wheats and that polyploid wheats were produced by repeated allopolyploidization events, as has been suggested earlier. PMID- 3242491 TI - Effects of deletions in mouse chromosome 7 on expression of genes encoding the urea-cycle enzymes and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in liver, kidney, and intestine. AB - Chromosomal deletions at and around the albino locus on chromosome 7 of the mouse affect the enzyme activities and steady-state levels of mRNAs for five urea-cycle enzymes in liver. In newborn c3H homozygotes, activities of these enzymes were 43 62% of normal, while corresponding mRNA levels were 14-29% of normal. c14CoS deletion homozygotes expressed mRNA levels for these enzymes which were 32-48% of normal. However, transcription rates of these genes in hepatic nuclei of c3H/c3H mice were reduced only to 57-84% of normal. Since effects of the deletions had previously been noted in the kidney, mRNA levels for three enzymes expressed also in the kidney were examined. Mice homozygous for the c3H deletion, shown previously to have drastically reduced mRNA levels for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver, expressed the same deficiency in the kidney, while mRNA levels for argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase were reduced in the liver but remained unaffected in the kidney. However, mRNA levels for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, carbamyl phosphate synthetase I, and ornithine transcarbamylase were unaffected in the intestine of c3H homozygotes. The results suggest that a regulatory factor(s) encoded in the DNA encompassed by the deletion is involved in the normal developmental maturation of hepatocytes and certain cells in the kidney. PMID- 3242492 TI - Rapid isolation method of animal mitochondrial DNA by the alkaline lysis procedure. PMID- 3242493 TI - Purification and characterization of cytoplasmic creatine kinase isozymes of Xenopus laevis. AB - The soluble creatine kinase isozymes CK-II, CK-III, and CK-IV from Xenopus laevis have been purified to apparent homogeneity and their subunits characterized by means of molecular weight, peptide pattern, and dissociation-reassociation experiments. CK-III and CK-IV are homodimeric isozymes whose subunits are distinct in both molecular weight (42,000 and 41,000, respectively) and Staphylococcus aureus V8 peptide pattern. In dissociation-reassociation experiments, those two subunits do form active heterodimeric isozymes with one another or with rabbit M-CK subunits. Hybrid CK-III/IV isozymes occur also during embryonic differentiation and in adult heart muscle, whereas most other adult tissues contain only homodimeric CK-III or CK-IV isozymes. The CK-II isozyme is a heterodimer composed of one CK-III subunit and another subunit specific to CK-II (Mr = 41,000). Neither in vivo nor in vitro does this subunit seem able to form homodimers or heterodimers with CK-IV and rabbit M-CK subunits. If we take into account the apparent association of CK-I isozyme with cellular organelles, these results corroborate earlier statements and suggest that the CK isozyme system of X. laevis is encoded by at least four differentially regulated genomic loci. PMID- 3242494 TI - Mapping of mouse gamma crystallin genes on chromosome 1. AB - Restriction fragments analysis of DNA from mouse-hamster somatic-cell hybrid clones revealed that a mouse gamma crystallin cDNA hybridized to genomic sequences located on mouse chromosome 1. Identification of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the gamma crystallin sequences of inbred strains of mice permitted the further localization of the gamma crystallin genes (Cryg) to the proximal region of chromosome 1 closely linked to the loci encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh-1), a low molecular weight (LM) crystallin protein polymorphism (Len-1), and fibronectin (Fn-1). A single recombinant was observed between Len-1 and an RFLP in the gamma crystallin gene family, consistent with the hypothesis that Len-1 is one of the several structural loci encoding gamma crystallin genes. Len-1 is probably located on the centromeric end of the Cryg gene family. Linkage of Idh-1, Cryg, and Fn-1 in mice extends the syntenic relationship of those loci to the human, bovine, and rodent genomes and may define a chromosomal region that is generally conserved among mammals. The map position of Cryg, near the eye lens obsolescence (Elo) locus, was confirmed by the discovery that the restriction fragment patterns of gamma crystallin sequences differed between strain C3H/HeJ and the congenic anophthalmic mutant strain, C3H.Elo. Therefore, the gamma crystallin genes were cotransferred with the mutant Elo gene in the derivation of C3H.Elo. The results establish that LEN 1 is a marker for the gamma crystallin gene family, position the gamma crystallin gene family relative to other markers on mouse chromosome 1, and provide additional evidence that the Elo mutation is encoded at a locus closely linked to the gamma crystallin gene cluster. This study found no evidence of recombination hot spots within the gamma crystallin gene cluster. PMID- 3242495 TI - Mapping of the hooded, Gc protein, and albumin gene loci in linkage group VI of the laboratory rat. AB - Crosses to determine the position of the three gene loci, h, Gc, and Alb, in the sixth linkage group of the rat used three strains, the TM strain, the ACI-alb analbuminemic congenic strain, and the abh-alb tester strain established by crossing the abh coat color tester strain and analbuminemic rats. Their genotypes were [C/C, h/h, GcB/GcB, Alb/Alb], [C/C, hi/hi, GcA/GcA, alb/alb] and [C/C, h/h, GcA/GcA, alb/alb], respectively. Determination of genotypes was performed by coat color and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE of serum protein for the Gc and albumin genes. The positions of the three gene loci in the VI linkage group were calculated from the recombination values from the phenotypes of progenies. According to this data, the three gene loci were in h-Gc-Alb tandem and the distances were 15.5 +/- 1.0% in h-Gc, 15.8 +/- 1.0% in h-Alb, and 0.32 +/- 0.16% in Gc-Alb. These data confirmed the relationship among the Gc, Alb, and Afp genes in the rat as well as in humans. PMID- 3242496 TI - A fern spore storage protein is genetically similar to the 1.7 S seed storage protein of Brassica napus. AB - The ostrich fern, Matteuccia struthiopteris L., contains two globulin spore storage proteins of 2.2 S and 11.3 S, with physical characteristics similar to those of seed storage proteins of Brassica napus (rapeseed) and Raphanus sativus (radish). By the use of a cloned cDNA that encodes the 1.7 S B. napus storage protein (napin), gene sequences that hybridized with napin were detected in fern nuclear DNA, and a 900-nucleotide homologous mRNA was detected in developing spores. In vitro translation of this fern mRNA produced a 22-kD polypeptide comparable in size to the 21-kD precursor polypeptide identified in Brassica. No hybridizations were observed between the Brassica 12 S clone and either fern DNA or developing spore mRNA. PMID- 3242497 TI - Esterase-16 (ES-16) of the rat (Rattus norvegicus): identification and genetic characterization. AB - Esterase-16, an esterase present in lung and other tissues of the laboratory rat, has been characterized by its biochemical properties (electrophoretic mobility, substrate pattern, sensitivity to inhibitors) and genetic variation in 107 inbred strains and substrains including 14 RI strains. It was classified as a carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1). The phenotype ES-16A (BN/Han and 63 other strains) was defined as a narrow electrophoretic band migrating between ES-1A and ES-13A, ES-16B (LEW/Han and 42 other strains) exhibited the same electrophoretic mobility as ES-16A but was distinguished by its extremely weak activity. Segregation of ES 16 in RI strains and backcrosses indicated linkage to linkage group V (LGV). The Es-16 locus was tentatively placed into esterase cluster 2 and homology with Es-7 of the house mouse is proposed. PMID- 3242498 TI - Esterase-18 (ES-18) of the house mouse (Mus musculus): biochemical characterization and genetics of an allozyme system linked to chromosome 19. AB - This study describes the biochemical characterization, genetic variation, and linkage of a codominantly inherited murine esterase, termed ES-18. The enzyme was identified by isoelectric focusing of supernatants obtained after centrifugation of tissue homogenates and subsequent staining for esterase using either alpha naphthyl acetate or 4-methylumbelliferyl elaidate as substrate. ES-18 exhibited an organ-specific variation of the intensity pattern of bands as seen in kidney, spleen, and macrophages, respectively. Its activity was highly sensitive to inhibition by 1 mmol.liter-1 p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate but was resistant to bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Four allozymes could be distinguished in kidney supernatants obtained from the inbred strains C57BL/10Sn (ES-18A), MOLF/Ei (ES 18B), WLL/BrA (ES-18C), and CAST/Ei (ES-18D). The enzyme is shown to be controlled by a structural locus, Es-18, which resides on chromosome 19. The gene order Ly-1 - Got-1 - 4.7 +/- 1.6 - Es-18 is suggested. PMID- 3242499 TI - The separation of whale myoglobins with two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Five myoglobins (sperm whale, Sei whale, Hubbs' beaked whale, pilot whale, and Amazon River dolphin) were examined using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Previous reports indicated that none of these proteins could be separated by using denaturing (in the presence of 8-9 M urea) isoelectric focusing. This result is confirmed in the present study. However, all the proteins could be separated by using denaturing nonequilibrium pH-gradient electrophoresis in the first dimension. Additionally, all the myoglobins have characteristic mobilities in the second dimension (sodium dodecyl sulfate), but these mobilities do not correspond to the molecular weights of the proteins. We conclude that two dimensional electrophoresis can be more sensitive to differences in primary protein structure than previous studies indicate and that the assessment seems to be incorrect that this technique can separate only proteins that have a unit charge difference. PMID- 3242500 TI - The Wundt-Jastrow illusion in the study of spatial hemi-inattention. AB - A new test to detect unilateral neglect was devised using a modified version of the Wundt-Jastrow area illusion. The test was given to three groups of subjects: left brain damaged (LBD), right brain damaged (RBD) patients and controls. Of RBD patients, 40.4% but no LBD patient or control, showed responses inconsistent with the visual illusion when the determinant features of the illusion pointed to the left visual field. These unexpected responses were highly related to a clinical evaluation of the severity of the hemi-inattention disorder. The sensitivity of this test and of other standard measures of hemi-neglect were compared. The possibility of identifying qualitatively different forms of hemi-neglect was also discussed. PMID- 3242501 TI - Karyotypes of 1142 couples with recurrent abortion. AB - Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 1142 couples with recurrent pregnancy loss. The frequency of major chromosomal abnormalities per couple was 4.8%. Among 771 couples who had only abortions, the rate of rearrangement did not correlate with the number of abortions. The highest incidence of cytogenetic abnormalities (6.6%) was found in 256 couples with abortion and a normal child. With regard to pregnancy outcome, no unbalanced fetal karyotype was found in prenatal diagnoses, and 40 normal children were born. The risk of unbalanced fetal karyotype is therefore low, but probably high enough for these couples to be offered the possibility of a prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 3242502 TI - An iodine-125 plaque for radiotherapy of the eye: manufacture and dosimetric considerations. AB - A comparison of computer dose calculations and thermoluminescent dosemeter measurements in a phantom is given for an iodine-125 plaque for radiotherapy of the eye. The off-central-axis measurements and their relationship to the central axis depth doses are documented. It was found that the gold backing of the applicator did not influence dosimetry in the phantom and thus the eye. PMID- 3242503 TI - The occurrence of N-nitrosocompounds [corrected] in zarda tobacco. AB - The levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), N-nitrosodiethanolamine, volatile and non-volatile N-nitroso compounds in zarda, a partially fermented Indian tobacco product are presented. Total identified N-nitroso compound concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 240 mg/kg fresh weight tobacco, TSNA accounted for 76-91% of the total N-nitroso compound burden. Preformed N nitrosoethylmethylamine as well as the non-volatile compounds N-nitrososarcosine, N-nitrosoazetidine-4-carboxylic acid and N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid were identified for the first time in tobacco products. The high levels of N nitroso compounds present in zarda tobacco indicate that zarda chewing communities are exposed to a considerable exogenic burden of potentially carcinogenic compounds, in particular TSNA. PMID- 3242504 TI - Desheathing the nodose ganglion is not a reliable method of de-efferentation in the ferret. AB - The present study reports the results of physiological and anatomical experiments in which the purpose was to determine whether desheathing the nodose ganglion is a reliable method of vagal de-efferentation in the ferret. In physiological studies, the effects of electrically stimulating the treated and untreated vagal nerves on cardiovascular and intestinal responses were examined and compared with previously obtained data after left supranodose vagotomy. The anatomical studies illustrated the effects of desheathing the left nodose ganglion on the transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) within a thoracic vagal communicating branch. These data were compared to data from control animals and animals that had undergone left supranodose vagotomy. The results demonstrated that severing the fascicles overlying the left nodose ganglion and allowing the nerve fibers to degenerate, caused no reduction in labeled efferent cell bodies in the left dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus as compared to controls. However, after left supranodose vagotomy there were no efferent cell bodies labeled in the left dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Following degeneration of the fascicles, electrical stimulation of the peripheral cut end of this nerve did not abolish the efferent responses in 7 out of 9 animals studied, whereas supranodose vagotomy abolished the responses in all animals. These findings demonstrate that desheathing the nodose ganglion and thereby removing the nerve bundles overlying the nodose ganglion is not a guaranteed method of destroying the efferent fibers in the vagus nerve of the ferret. Supranodose vagotomy, therefore, is a more reliable method of de-efferentation in this species. PMID- 3242505 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of spergualin analogues. I. AB - Stable spergualin analogues were synthesized by substitutions of the alpha hydroxyglycine residue of spergualin with various alpha- or omega-amino acids. The antitumor activity of these analogues against L1210 and their immunosuppressive effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody formation was then examined. Analogues substituted with glycine and L-serine showed significant biological activity but were less potent than 15-deoxyspergualin. Among the analogues synthesized so far, 10-[N-4-(4-guanidinophenyl)butyryl-L seryl]-1,5,10-triazadecane has possessed the strongest antitumor and immunosuppressive activities. PMID- 3242506 TI - Cyclosporin treatment of a patient with severe systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3242507 TI - Spinal cord birth injury: value of computed tomographic myelography. AB - The value of myelography in the assessment of spinal cord injury in the early neonatal period has not been documented, although this study has been recommended frequently in the literature. Eight neonates are reviewed who presented with the clinical features of spinal cord injury and who had myelography performed. Clinical features included difficult delivery, absent respiration, flaccid paralysis, sensory level, and neurogenic bladder. Myelography revealed that 7 patients had the early changes of swollen cord and 1 patient had the late changes of cord atrophy. None of the neonates had surgical intervention. One neonate died at 3 days of age, while 2 others died after prolonged ventilation. Of the 5 infants who survived, 3 still require ventilation and have spastic quadriparesis, 1 has almost recovered completely and 1 had spontaneous respiration and limb movement but brisk deep tendon reflexes when last examined at 1 month of age. Myelography, which was performed in the early neonatal period in our infants, was abnormal in all patients. Myelography is useful in confirming the diagnosis, outlining the level and extent of the lesion, and excluding extramedullary compression. Myelography may assist in the assessment of prognosis but did not alter management in our patients. PMID- 3242508 TI - Cockayne syndrome: MRI correlates of hypomyelination. AB - Two siblings with Cockayne syndrome are reported who had most of the stigmata characteristic of the syndrome as it was initially described in 1936. Unusual findings are emphasized, such as the early onset of cataracts and the early detection of peripheral neuropathy. The previously reported autopsy abnormalities in this condition are correlated with the present magnetic resonance imaging findings of mild ventricular enlargement and delay in myelination of the cerebrum and cerebellum. Properly myelinated structures included the basal ganglia, thalamus, internal capsule, splenium, and genu of the corpus callosum. PMID- 3242509 TI - Pseudotumor cerebri, spinal and radicular pain, and hyporeflexia: a clinical variant of the Guillain-Barre syndrome? AB - A 5-year-old patient developed pseudotumor cerebri, spinal and radicular pain, and hyporeflexia. Ataxia and multiple cranial nerve involvement also were evident. With the exception of residual hyporeflexia and the abnormalities present in the electrophysiologic studies, the patient's prompt recovery suggested the diagnosis of Guillain-Barre polyradiculoneuritis. PMID- 3242510 TI - Acute cerebellar swelling in varicella encephalitis. AB - A 4-year-old male developed encephalitis 2 weeks after the onset of varicella. During his evaluation neuroradiologic procedures documented cerebellar edema and demyelination. Cerebrospinal fluid titers confirmed varicella encephalitis. To our knowledge, this patient is the first reported with focal cerebellar edema, an expected finding, with a clinical varicella infection as documented by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3242511 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. AB - Cranial computed tomography of a boy with clinical characteristics of the classic form of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease did not reveal a notable abnormality other than enlarged ventricles. Magnetic resonance imaging, however, demonstrated diffuse changes in the white matter with sparing of scattered small areas, suggesting persistent myelin islands which are a typical neuropathologic finding in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Magnetic resonance imaging appears more useful than computed tomography in confirming the diagnosis of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. PMID- 3242512 TI - Rett syndrome in China: report of 9 patients. AB - This is the first report of Rett syndrome in China. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from 9 girls with Rett syndrome. In addition to the previously reported clinical manifestations (i.e., early deterioration of intelligence, microcephaly, peculiar stereotypic hand movements, and epilepsy), 2 other features were observed in these patients: abnormal evoked response audiometry and low content of the elements, copper and zinc in the hair. The cause of these associated phenomena is unknown. PMID- 3242514 TI - Estimation of gestational age. PMID- 3242513 TI - Gum chewing as therapy for Tourette syndrome. PMID- 3242515 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials. PMID- 3242516 TI - Brain morphology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a Golgi study. AB - Intellectual impairment associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is well recognized, although no consistent anatomic central nervous system lesions have been reported. The autopsy findings of 13 patients, ages 13-18 years, were reviewed. Intelligence quotients, ascertained in 5 patients, ranged from 46-79. Gross and microscopic examinations of brain and spinal cord revealed no consistent pattern of abnormalities. Neuropathology included neuronal loss and gliosis in spinal gray matter and tegmental brainstem, extensive Purkinje cell loss, mononuclear perivascular cuffing with cortical and subcortical gliosis, and cerebral heterotopia. Quantitative analysis of rapid Golgi impregnations of the visual cortex revealed significantly reduced dendritic length and branching of apical and basal dendrites from pyramidal neurons in 1 patient and less striking attenuation of dendritic arborization in 2 others. The literature suggests that the intellectual deficit in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is nonprogressive and unrelated to age or severity of muscle disease, although performance intelligence quotient may deteriorate with progressive muscle weakness. Golgi analysis suggested that abnormal dendritic development and arborization may underlie intellectual impairment. Although the pathogenesis of the cellular defect is not fully known, the coexistence of central nervous system and muscle pathology raises the possibility of a common molecular mechanism. PMID- 3242518 TI - Infantile subcortical leukohypodensity demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - We reviewed the computed tomography scans of 126 term infants, ages 1-6 months; leukohypodensity was found just under the cerebral cortex (subcortical leukohypodensity [SLD]) in 3 infants (2.4%) at 1-3 months of age. On subsequent computed tomography at over 4 months of age, SLD had disappeared and anterior horn predominant dilatation of the lateral ventricles had appeared. Only 1 patient with a distinct SLD had a poor neurodevelopmental outcome: spastic diplegia. SLD in our patients is believed to be closely related to subcortical leukomalacia because of the similar location and age distribution. Transient SLD may be a mild form of cystic SLD which would require careful computed tomography follow-up examination in early infancy. PMID- 3242517 TI - Light and electron microscopic study of juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis lymphocytes. AB - We report the findings of a light and electron microscopic follow-up study of lymphocytes from 10 patients with juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Vacuolated lymphocytes observed by electron microscopy varied from 34-67% in 22 different specimens from 10 patients. Although the percentage of vacuolated lymphocytes increased with duration of the illness in 5 of 6 patients who were younger than 11 years of age, there was no such tendency in 4 patients who were older than 13 years. This result may indicate that vacuolated lymphocytes increase with the duration of illness until an age of saturation. Three to 46% of lymphocytes contained lipopigments consisting of granular matrix and fingerprint profiles which were unrelated to age. Lymphocytes with fingerprint profiles constituted less than 12% of the total and could not be found during examination of 100 lymphocytes in 6 of 22 specimens. PMID- 3242519 TI - Primary thalamic and caudate hemorrhage in term neonates presenting with seizures. AB - Two previously well term neonates who presented with seizures are described: one with thalamic hemorrhage and the other with thalamic and caudate hemorrhage. These 2 patients were the only neonates found with thalamic hemorrhage in a review of 54 term infants with intracranial hemorrhage at The Hospital for Sick Children over a 10 year period (1976-1986). Partial seizures occurred at 5 and 7 days after birth and were easily controlled. Prognosis was generally good in these 2 patients, as well as in 4 previously reported patients. PMID- 3242520 TI - MRI and evoked potentials in a child with hydranencephaly. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging and evoked potential studies were performed on an infant with hydranencephaly. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the absence of cortical tissue with a structurally intact mid- and hind-brain. Evoked potentials confirmed the loss of cortical activity with preservation of brainstem function. These diagnostic tests gave efficient and precise information concerning the extent of the intracranial pathology and prognosis. PMID- 3242521 TI - Intraventricular nafcillin-induced seizures in a neonate. AB - Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections commonly involves a combination of intravenous and intraventricular antibiotics. We report a premature infant who developed seizures associated with intraventricular administration of nafcillin and discuss the need for electroencephalographic monitoring of patients receiving intraventricular antibiotics. PMID- 3242522 TI - Nifedipine augments haloperidol in the treatment of Tourette syndrome. PMID- 3242523 TI - Rectal diazepam. PMID- 3242524 TI - Mumps-induced opsoclonus-myoclonus and ataxia. AB - A 9-year-old boy manifested acute cerebellar ataxia associated with mumps infection. He developed opsoclonus, myoclonus, tremor, and truncal ataxia 7 days after mumps infection. Lumbar puncture revealed pleocytosis without elevation of protein; ELISA demonstrated an increased IgM titer of cerebrospinal fluid against mumps virus. From these results it was determined that acute cerebellar ataxia was induced by a direct invasion of mumps virus. Electroencephalography demonstrated normal background activity, although alpha-like activity appeared bilaterally in the frontal regions which was induced by eye closure and decreased by eye opening. Polygraphic electroencephalography revealed that the alpha-like activity corresponded to the ocular movement recorded above or lateral to the eyelids by electro-oculography; therefore, the alpha-like activity was considered to be derived from the opsoclonus which was secondary to cerebellar involvement. His neurologic symptoms improved gradually and resolved completely within 3 months after the onset of acute cerebellar ataxia. PMID- 3242525 TI - Akinetic mutism: pharmacologic probe of the dopaminergic mesencephalofrontal activating system. AB - Four children who exhibited akinetic mutism during the course of their neurologic diseases were treated with bromocriptine. Reversal of the akinetic mute states was evident in all patients. Pathways of the dopaminergic neurons are reviewed and a clinically useful mechanism which causes akinetic mutism is postulated. PMID- 3242526 TI - Neonatal myasthenia gravis: specific advantages of repetitive stimulation over edrophonium testing. AB - A premature infant with neonatal myasthenia gravis is presented to illustrate the utility of electrodiagnosis. The patient, born to a mother with myasthenia gravis, suffered additional problems, including hypoxia and subependymal hemorrhage which potentially contributed to hypotonia and poor respiratory effort, thus complicating the diagnosis. Standard testing with edrophonium originally was negative which cast doubt on the diagnosis; however, a repetitive motor nerve stimulation test demonstrated a significant decremental response which was consistent with neonatal myasthenia gravis. This decremental response was corrected following intravenous infusion of edrophonium. In the newborn with suspected myasthenia gravis, repetitive motor nerve stimulation may be a more reliable diagnostic procedure than the more frequently recommended pharmacologic tests. Use of this electrodiagnostic procedure in combination with pharmacologic testing may improve diagnostic accuracy in the premature infant and lead to earlier treatment. PMID- 3242527 TI - Histopathologic and biochemical analysis of classic Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. AB - An autopsy study of an 11-year-old boy with the classic type of Pelizaeus Merzbacher disease is presented. He developed normally until 5 years of age when he began to deteriorate with scanning speech and gait abnormality. Auditory brainstem responses were normally preserved. At the age of 11 years, 8 months, he died of pneumonia while in a vegetative state. The neuropathologic findings suggested a typical classic type of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and biochemical analysis of cerebral white matter demonstrated a decreased ratio of long-chain fatty acids (greater than or equal to C19) to short- and medium-chain fatty acids (less than C19). These findings suggested defective myelin synthesis as the etiology of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease; comprehensive classifications of the disease are expected to include both pathologic and biochemical parameters. PMID- 3242528 TI - Neonatal Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - A term female infant had the clinical manifestations and accompanying electrophysiologic studies to fulfill the criteria of Guillain-Barre syndrome. At birth, she presented with generalized hypotonia, paucity of lower limb movements, and diminished muscle stretch reflexes. At 3 weeks of age, motor nerve conduction studies demonstrated evidence of demyelination and axonal involvement. Progressive clinical improvement was observed beginning at the age of 2 weeks with subsequent normalization of clinical examinations and nerve conduction studies. To our knowledge, this patient is the youngest reported with Guillain Barre syndrome. PMID- 3242530 TI - Comparison of CT and MRI brain tumor imaging using a canine glioma model. AB - A canine gliosarcoma model was used to study the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium contrast enhancement in defining the histologic margins of brain tumors. The effectiveness of this technique was compared to conventional computed tomography (CT) using iodinated contrast enhancement. Cultured canine gliosarcoma cells were injected into the left hemisphere of adult mongrel dogs. The dogs developed brain tumors and progressive clinical signs. Serial MRI with and without gadolinium diethylene triamine penta acetic acid was compared to serial CT with and without sodium iothalamate obtained on the same days. After the final scans, animals were sacrificed; the brains were removed and processed for routine histopathologic study. All tumors were visualized with contrast-enhanced MRI which proved most sensitive. Gadolinium di-ethylene triamine penta-acetic acid caused bright enhancement of tumors in a distribution that consistently corresponded to areas of pathologically proved tumor infiltration. Gross and microscopic autopsy findings correlated better with MRI than with CT which tended to produce poorer resolution and underrepresent the size of viable tumor. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI is more accurate than unenhanced MRI, unenhanced CT, or enhanced CT in defining the histologic margins of tumors. PMID- 3242529 TI - Etiologic heterogeneity of intracranial hemorrhages in preterm newborns. AB - Hemorrhages in brain parenchyma and ventricles in preterm infants tend to be grouped as one entity. To help determine whether these hemorrhages should be viewed as one or more entities, we compared the risk profiles of 3 groups of hemorrhages defined by location and time of occurrence: early germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), late GMH, and late peri/intraventricular hemorrhage excluding GMH. These 3 groups were determined to have sufficient differences in various risk factors to warrant separate epidemiologic study. PMID- 3242531 TI - Macro cisterna magna: a marker for maldevelopment of the brain? AB - Enlargement of the cisterna magna occurs in as many as 0.4% of reported patients and generally has been believed to represent a normal variant. Differentiation from Dandy-Walker malformations and other cystic structures has been emphasized. We reviewed 1,260 consecutive computed tomography reports in patients younger than 21 years of age and examined all scans in which enlargement of the cisterna magna was considered an isolated finding. Fourteen patients were identified (incidence: 1%). The primary reasons for obtaining computed tomographic scans included various clinical conditions but excluded symptoms indicative of posterior fossa disease. Developmental or neurologic abnormalities were present in 62% of these patients. Macro cisterna magna should not be dismissed as a normal variant, although the neurologic findings may not be specifically localized to the posterior fossa. This finding may be a marker for abnormal brain function most likely due to subtle disturbances in brain development. PMID- 3242532 TI - Efficacy of primidone for seizure control in neonates and young infants. AB - Primidone can be used for seizures refractory to standard antiepileptic drugs. We administered primidone, 25 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses, to 10 patients and obtained serum levels of primidone, phenobarbital, and phenylethylmalonic acid at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours on day 1, alternate days until discharge, and after 6 weeks. Other antiepileptic drugs were discontinued in 8 of 10 patients with refractory seizures. Mean primidone levels were 10.6 +/- 4.4 micrograms/ml by day 3 and remained stable until discharge. Phenylethylmalonic acid was detected by 6 hours and increased to 11.1 +/- 4.0 micrograms/ml by day 7. Phenobarbital levels in 3 of 10 patients not previously treated with phenobarbital ranged from 0.6-3.4 micrograms/ml by day 5. The mean initial phenobarbital level was 30.1 +/- 10.5 micrograms/ml and had decreased to less than 15 micrograms/ml by day 7. Seizure control occurred within 5 days in 8 of 10 patients and was achieved by day 3 in 6 of 8 patients, coinciding with primidone levels greater than 10 micrograms/ml. No toxic effects of primidone were observed. All levels decreased during subsequent examinations suggesting auto-induction of metabolic systems. Our data indicate that seizure control is best correlated with primidone and phenylethylmalonic acid levels and unrelated to phenobarbital levels in this age group. PMID- 3242533 TI - Electrophysiologic study of Fisher syndrome. AB - Electrophysiologic studies were performed on a 6-year-old girl with Fisher syndrome. We recorded several evoked potentials in this patient: visual evoked potentials, auditory brainstem responses, auditory evoked potentials, short latency somatosensory evoked potentials, blink reflex elicited by photic stimuli (photo-evoked eyelid microvibration), blink reflex elicited by auditory stimuli (auditory evoked eyelid microvibration), and motor nerve conduction velocity. In our study, photo-evoked eyelid microvibration response was not obtainable; laterality was indicated in visual evoked potential and electroencephalographic studies, and the remaining evoked potentials demonstrated normal responses. The results obtained from the brainstem reflex (photo-evoked eyelid microvibration) suggest that the pathologic focus of Fisher syndrome is located in the midbrain, particularly in the pretectum. It is expected that the combined use of these electrophysiologic techniques may facilitate differentiation between Fisher and Guillain-Barre syndromes. PMID- 3242534 TI - Ring 18 chromosome with mental retardation, hemidysmorphism, and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. AB - A 2 1/2-year-old female is reported with ring 18 chromosome syndrome. The chromosomal abnormality was found in all examined leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. Besides the usual clinical characteristics of this syndrome, two additional features are described that have not been reported previously: right hemidysmorphism, including hypertrophy of the tongue and lower extremity; coloboma of the lower right side of the gums; atretic external right ear canal; and hypotonia with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy associated with excessive ketonemia during normal food intake and a large increase after overnight fast. PMID- 3242535 TI - Nemaline myopathy associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Nemaline myopathy is not usually considered to involve cardiac muscle and rarely is associated with nocturnal hypoventilation. We report a boy, 5 1/2 years of age, with nemaline myopathy who presented with respiratory failure. Echocardiography demonstrated the septum to left ventricular posterior wall ratio to be increased which is consistent with a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Because of nocturnal hypoventilation, tracheostomy was placed for ventilatory assistance. A process involving both muscle and nervous tissue may underlie this congenital myopathy; routine cardiac and pulmonary function evaluations may be indicated in these patients. PMID- 3242536 TI - Hemangioblastoma of the conus medullaris associated with cutaneous hemangioma. AB - A 6-month-old infant is reported with a spinal cord hemangioblastoma located in the conus medullaris associated with an overlying congenital dermal sinus and cutaneous capillary hemangioma. There were no neurologic deficits either preoperatively or following removal of the tumor. The skin and spinal cord lesions were believed to represent an isolated vascular malformation. This spinal cord hemangioblastoma is unusual because of the age of the patient, manner of clinical presentation, location in the caudal spinal cord, and pathologic characteristics. We review the literature and discuss the associations of spinal cord hemangioblastomas with cutaneous and other lesions. PMID- 3242537 TI - Candida meningitis: clinical and radiographic diagnosis. AB - Two patients with Candida meningitis are presented to emphasize cranial polyneuropathy and ventricular isolation with septation. These clinical and radiographic criteria can be used for early diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3242538 TI - Congenital fourth nerve palsy and occult cranium bifidum. AB - A 6-year-old girl had paresis of the fourth cranial nerve since infancy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed occult cranium bifidum with elevation of the straight sinus and tentorium, an abnormal tectal configuration, and a mass in the posterior fossa. Surgical resection revealed that the mass consisted of adipose and fibrous connective tissue. This patient further illustrates that congenital fourth cranial nerve palsy is associated in rare instances with anomalies of the brainstem and adjacent structures. PMID- 3242539 TI - 8th European Physarum Workshop. 69. Konferenz der Gesellschaft fur Biologische Chemie. Regensburg, July 17th-22nd, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3242540 TI - Small angle X-ray scattering study on bovine porphobilinogen synthase (5 aminolaevulinate dehydratase). AB - The quaternary structure of the native (zinc) porphobilinogen synthase (5-amino laevulinate dehydratase) from bovine liver and its lead-substituted derivative is studied in solution by small angle X-ray scattering. In spite of the profound inhibitory effect of lead ions in the enzyme they do not produce a change in the quaternary structure detectable by small angle X-ray scattering. The most important molecular parameters of the native enzyme were found to be: radius of gyration Rg = 4.04 +/- 0.04 nm and maximum dimension Dmax = 12.0 +/- 0.5 nm. The corresponding values for the lead derivative are: Rg = 4.26 +/- 0.1 nm and Dmax = 12.5 +/- 0.5 nm. The quaternary structure of the enzyme in solution is described by a model, which fits the experimental scattering and distance distribution function. PMID- 3242541 TI - The primary structure of donkey (Equus asinus) lysozyme contains the Ca(II) binding site of alpha-lactalbumin. AB - The complete primary structure of donkey lysozyme has been established by pulsed liquid-phase sequencing of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides isolated by RP-HPLC. The positions of the Cys residues were identified by labeling the Cys residues with DABIA-reagent. Donkey lysozyme is a c-type lysozyme which is 129 amino acids long. It exhibits 50% homology to the human protein. We observe the full Ca(II) binding site suggested for the homologous alpha-lactalbumines. Although horse lysozyme has been reported to contain asparagine in position 61, which was in conflict with the three-dimensional structure of lysozyme, all other known c-type lysozymes, including donkey, contain Ser 61. PMID- 3242542 TI - Isolation and characterization of sialate 9(4)-O-acetylesterase from influenza C virus. AB - An esterase was isolated from influenza C virus with a specific activity from 1.7 5 U/mg protein, and its substrate specificity was tested with various naturally occurring O-acylated sialic acids, synthetic carbohydrate acetates, and other esters. The enzyme hydrolyses only acetic acid esters at significant rates. The non-natural substrates 4-methyl-umbelliferyl acetate, 4-nitrophenyl acetate, and alpha-naphthyl acetate are cleaved at highest hydrolysis rates, followed by the natural substrate N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid. The esterase also acts on N glycoloyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid and, much slower, on N-acetyl-4-O acetylneuraminic acid; N-acetyl-7-O-acetylneuraminic acid is not hydrolysed. 2 Deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid is also a substrate for this enzyme, however, 6-O-acetylated N-acetylmannosamine and glucose are not. Esterification of the carboxyl function of sialic acids strongly reduces or prevents esterase action on O-acetyl groups. The carboxyl ester is not hydrolysed. The relative cleavage rates also depend on the type of the non-sialic acid part of the molecule. N-Acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid as component of sialyllactose and rat serum glycoprotein shows hydrolysis rates close to the free form of this sugar, while acetyl ester groups of bovine submandibular gland mucin and rat erythrocytes are hydrolysed at slower rates. Gangliosides and 4-O acetylated glycoproteins are no substrates for the purified enzyme. A slow hydrolysis is observed by incubation of 9-O-acetylated GD1a with intact influenza C viruses. As other natural acetyl esters (acetyl-CoA and acetylthiocholine iodide) are not hydrolysed, the enzyme can be classified as sialate 9(4)-O acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.53). PMID- 3242543 TI - Leukotriene C4 metabolism during its action on glucose and lactate balance and flow in perfused rat liver. AB - Rat livers were perfused in a non-recirculating mode at constant pressure via the portal vein with media containing 5 mM glucose, 2 mM lactate, and 0.2 mM pyruvate. [3H]LTC4 was infused for a period of 5 min to a final concentration of 20 nM; it increased glucose and lactate output and reduced perfusion flow. 1) Leukotriene radioactivity was recovered 10 min after the onset of [3H]LTC4 infusion to about 40% in the effluent, to 20% in the bile, and to 40% in the liver. 2) Radioactivity in the effluent increased to a maximum 4-5 min after the onset and decreased again to essentially zero 3 min after completion of [3H]LTC4 infusion. [3H]LTC4 and [3H]LTD4 were the major labeled components in the effluent accounting for 45% and 38%, respectively, of the effluent radioactivity. 3) [3H]LTC4 and [3H]LTD4 were also the major components in bile; they accounted for 50% and 30%, respectively, of the radioactivity excreted, while more polar [3H]leukotriene metabolites accounted for the remainder. 4) In the liver, [3H]LTC4 and [3H]LTD4 were the major and [3H]LTE4, N-acetyl-[3H]LTE4 as well as omega-hydroxy-N-acetyl-[3H]LTE4 and omega-carboxy-N-acetyl-[3H]LTE4 were minor components detected 5 min after completion of [3H]LTC4 infusion. It is concluded from the present findings that during a 5 min infusion period about one third each of the infused LTC4 remained unchanged, was converted to LTD4, and was further degraded to LTE4 and polar metabolites including omega-oxidation products of N-acetyl-LTE4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242544 TI - Carnivora: primary structure of the hemoglobins from ratel (Mellivora capensis). AB - The erythrocytes of adult ratel contain two hemoglobin components, with two alpha and one beta-chains. In this paper, their complete amino acid sequences are presented. The two alpha-chains differ in one residue at position 34 (Ala----Val) only. The primary structure of the chains was determined by sequencing the N terminal regions (45 steps) and the tryptic peptides after their isolation from the digests by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The alignment of these peptides was deduced from homology with other carnivora globins. The alpha-chains show 21 and the beta-chains 11 exchanges compared with human globin chains. In the alpha-chains, one heme- and two alpha 1/beta 1 contacts are exchanged. In the beta-chains there are three exchanges which involve one alpha 1/beta 1-, one alpha 1/beta 2- and one heme-contact. Between the ratel hemoglobin and those of carnivora a high degree of homology was found. PMID- 3242545 TI - Hemoglobins of reptiles. The primary structures of the alpha I- and beta I-chains of common iguana (Iguana iguana) hemoglobin. AB - The primary structures of alpha I- and beta I-chains from the hemoglobins of the Common Iguana (Iguana iguana) are presented. The globin chains were separated on CM-cellulose in 8 M urea buffer. The amino-acid sequences were established by automatic Edman degradation of the native chains, the tryptic peptides and a peptide obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage. The sequences are compared with human hemoglobin. Amino-acid replacements at positions critical for structure and function of the hemoglobin are discussed. The requirements for binding of ATP and also of DPG as allosteric effectors at the beta-chains seem to be fulfilled. Comparison of the alpha-chains with those of the Viper (Vipera aspis) shows 66 amino-acid substitutions. This number is in the same order of magnitude as the ones found by comparison with alpha-chains of crocodiles and mammals as well as with alpha A-chains of a turtle and birds. This result points towards a period of independent evolution of the reptile lines leading to the Common Iguana on one hand and to the Viper on the other. This time span is comparable to the one separating mammals from reptiles. PMID- 3242546 TI - Demonstration of glycosylation variants of human fibrinogen, using the new technique of glycoprotein lectin immunosorbent assay (GLIA). AB - A new highly sensitive method, incorporation the ELISA technique (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), is described for the quantitation of the glycan residues of glycoproteins. With the aid of this "glycoprotein-lectin immunosorbent assay (GLIA)", it is possible to determine the nature of the glycan residues of a single protein in a glycoprotein mixture, without prior purification. The GLIA can be used for the accurate determination of the inhibitor constant for the interaction of any monosaccharide with any lectin. Using the described technique, glycosylation of human fibrinogen from plasma and amniotic fluid were compared. In fibrinogen from amniotic fluid a "fetal" glycosylation type could be demonstrated. In addition, evidence is presented for the first time that plasma fibrinogen possesses (GlcNAc beta 1----4Man beta) residues (bisecting GlcNAc) and O-glycosidically bound carbohydrate units. Preliminary results were published as abstract (E. Kottgen et al. (1988) Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 330, 448). PMID- 3242547 TI - Output and effects of thromboxane produced by the liver perfused with phorbol myristate acetate. AB - The capacity of the perfused rat liver to produce thromboxane after stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate was examined. A total of 109 +/- 20 and 155 +/- 28 pmol/g liver were found in the perfusate and in the bile, respectively, after 40 min. The amount of thromboxane recovered in the perfusate and in the bile accounted for 12.6% of the production calculated from the same number of Kupffer cells in primary cultures, indicating that a major part of thromboxane was taken up and inactivated by hepatocytes. The effect of endogenously synthesized thromboxane on the liver was assessed by using CGS 13080, a thromboxane synthase inhibitor, or BM 13.177, a thromboxane receptor antagonist. 20 nM CGS 13080 in the perfusate inhibited the synthesis of thromboxane and at the same time the elevation of portal pressure and glycogenolysis following administration of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The thromboxane receptor antagonist BM 13.177 did not inhibit the synthesis of thromboxane, but reduced the PMA-related elevation of portal pressure and glycogenolysis to the same extent (greater than 60%) as CGS 13080. Sodium nitroprusside, a vasodilator, inhibited the rise in portal pressure caused by PMA to the same extent as CGS 13080 or BM 13.177 but reduced the increase in glycogenolysis only by 25%. These results indicate that thromboxane released by stimulated Kupffer cells of the liver elevates portal pressure and glycogenolysis in the perfused rat liver, although by different mechanisms. PMID- 3242548 TI - Destruction of ethidium bromide in solution by ozonolysis. AB - Ethidium bromide can be rapidly destroyed in aqueous solutions or in isoamyl alcohol by ozonolysis in the presence of H2O2 to give a mixture of organic acids. In a variety of buffers commonly used in recombinant DNA technology destruction of ethidium bromide was more than 99.9%. The yellow reaction mixture after ozonolysis was shown to be nonmutagenic. This method may be used in laboratories for the disposal of ethidium bromide wastes. PMID- 3242549 TI - Utilization of medium-chain triglycerides and octanoic acid by cultured human fibroblasts and lymphoblasts. AB - Cultured human fibroblasts and lymphoblasts were incubated with emulsions containing 14C-trioctanoin or 14C-tripalmitin. Both cell types were able to hydrolyse the medium-chain triglyceride but not the long-chain triglyceride to the corresponding fatty acids. At the end of a 3 days incubation period, 25-30% of the initial amount of 10 nmol/ml trioctanoin were present as triglyceride. The observed hydrolysis seems to be mediated by an esterase secreted into the culture medium, as was shown by the use of cell-conditioned medium. CO2 production from octanoic acid was below 2 nmol per mg protein and day, demonstrating that these cells have a low capacity to use this substrate for their energy metabolism. PMID- 3242550 TI - Chemical characterization of a caseinophosphopeptide isolated from in vivo digests of a casein diet. AB - The in vivo formation of phosphopeptides derived from bovine casein was proved in small intestinal chyme of minipigs after ingestion of a diet containing casein. The main phosphopeptide was identified as a fragment of alpha s1-casein (f 66 74): SerP-SerP-SerP-Glu-Glu-Ile-Val-Pro-Asn. It is discussed, that caseinophosphopeptides are likely to promote the intestinal absorption of calcium and trace elements. PMID- 3242551 TI - Bestatin inhibition of human tissue carnosinase, a non-specific cytosolic dipeptidase. AB - Bestatin is a dipeptide containing a unique beta-amino acid. It is usually referred to as an aminopeptidase inhibitor. Current interest has focused on the immunostimulating activity of bestatin and several clinical trials have demonstrated that it is an effective adjunct to radiation or chemotherapy in the treatment of certain types of cancer. We found that bestatin was much more effective against human tissue carnosinase than against aminopeptidases. Inhibition was competitive, with a Ki of 0.5nM. Carnosinase did not hydrolyse bestatin and the enzyme-inhibitor complex formed rapidly. A hog kidney dipeptidase similar to human tissue carnosinase was equally sensitive to this inhibitor. Bestatin has a backbone structure identical to that of carnosine; however, our results indicate that the inhibitory activity of this compound is primarily attributable to the side chains of the beta-amino-acid moiety. Human tissue carnosinase is a non-specific dipeptidase, actively hydrolysing many dipeptides, including prolinase substrates. Inhibition of this cytosolic enzyme is probably at least partially responsible for the intracellular accumulation of dipeptides which occurs following the in vivo administration of bestatin. PMID- 3242552 TI - Dihydroorotate induces Ca2+ release from rat liver mitochondria: a contribution to the mechanism of alloxan-induced Ca2+ release. AB - The present work deals with the effects of alloxan on rat liver mitochondria, involving formation of toxic oxygen derivatives and Ca2+ release, and its relations to a physiological pathway, pyrimidine biosynthesis, particularly dihydroorotate dehydrogenation. Ca2+ release by intact isolated mitochondria was studied and redox transfer from solubilized mitochondria to 2,6 dichloroindophenol in the presence of cyanide. In intact mitochondria 5mM dihydroorotate caused a Ca2+ efflux comparable to 2mM alloxan. Both effects were suppressed by orotate, a potent inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, and by ADP, an inhibitor of the alloxan effects. In lysed mitochondria orotate but not ADP inhibited ubiquinone-linked reduction of 2,6-dichloroindophenol with dihydroorotate and with alloxan in a concentration-dependent manner. It is concluded that in vitro part of the redox cycling of alloxan is catalysed by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase whereas the nonsuppressible part reacts nonenzymatically. Without ADP the respiratory control blocks the reoxidation of coenzyme Q via the respiratory chain, thus giving preference to the regeneration by artificial electron acceptors, e.g. oxygen, yielding superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, a notorious inducer of Ca2+ release. In vivo the enzymatic reoxidation of reduced alloxan by dihydroorotate dehydrogenase may be superior to the non-enzymatic pathway since the nonenzymatic fraction of reoxidation decreases with decreasing alloxan concentration. PMID- 3242553 TI - Interactions in vitro and in vivo between anionic and cationic porcine trypsin and porcine plasma proteinase inhibitors. AB - A method for purifying porcine anionic and cationic trypsin is presented. Reaction mixtures with increasing amounts of the two porcine trypsins and porcine serum were studied in vitro to evaluate the relative importance of alpha 1 macroglobulin and alpha 2-macroglobulin as well as alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in the rapid binding of porcine anionic and cationic trypsin. Porcine cationic trypsin was preferentially bound to alpha 1-macroglobulin, while anionic trypsin exhibited equal binding to both alpha-macroglobulins. Both trypsins were also bound by the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor but not until alpha 1-macroglobulin approached saturation. Trypsin-alpha-macroglobulin complexes were cleared from plasma with a half-life of 6 min. For trypsin-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes the half-life was 120 min. These findings are in accordance with results for other mammalian species, including man. PMID- 3242554 TI - The first sequenced normal hemoglobin lacking histidine in position 146 of the beta-chains. The primary structures of the major and minor hemoglobin components of the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus, Urodela, Amphibia). AB - The hemoglobin of the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus), an animal maintaining the gas exchange to about 85% through the skin, consists of a major (HbM = 65%) and a minor (Hbm = 35%) component. The primary structures of the four chains are presented. They could be separated by reversed-phase HPLC and were cleaved with trypsin and additionally by acid hydrolysis. Both the native chains and their peptides were sequenced by liquid and gas phase sequenators. At the N terminus the alpha M-chains are by one amino-acid residue longer and the beta M chains by one residue shorter, resulting in a chain length of 142 and 145, respectively. The alpha m-chains are of normal length whereas in the beta m chains the C-terminal histidine in position 146 is missing. Both alpha-chains differ by 50 residues (35.2%) and the beta-chains by 63 (43.2%). The alpha-chains were compared with those of other salamandroid hemoglobins. The difference to human hemoglobin is marked by 61 (43.3%) amino-acid substitutions in both alpha chains and by 78 (53.4%) in both beta-chains. Numerous heme contacts and positions involved in the subunit interface are affected by replacements. The most interesting of them were studied by molecular modeling. The importance of the missing beta m-146(HC3)His and of the substitution of several amino-acid residues involved in the binding of organic phosphates is discussed with respect to the reduced Bohr effect of Triturus cristatus hemoglobin. PMID- 3242556 TI - [Evaluation of a new multi-RAST method in the screening of allergy to inhalants]. AB - Sera from 1040 adult patients were tested by a new multi-RAST test and PRIST to determine the efficiency of each test in a screening for allergy to inhalants. The patients had been referred to our Institutions for allergological evaluation of respiratory diseases. All the patients had been thoroughly investigated by clinical history, skin prick test and RAST. In 505 a diagnosis of respiratory allergy to one or more inhalants allergens was established, while in 535 a diagnosis of atopy was not confirmed. The new multiRAST test consented to correctly detect 464 out of 505 atopic patients (efficiency 92%) and 517 out of 535 non atopic patients (efficiency 97%). PRIST showed in both cases a minor efficiency (71% in detecting atopy and 77% in detecting non atopy). PMID- 3242555 TI - Complete amino-acid sequence of the naturally occurring A2 activator protein for enzymic sphingomyelin degradation: identity to the sulfatide activator protein (SAP-1). AB - The naturally occurring A2 activator protein for enzymic sphingolipid degradation is characterized by complete amino-acid sequence and carbohydrate content. It consists of 79 amino-acid residues and has a molecular mass of 8.875 kDa. The polypeptide chain contains 2 mol of N-acetylglucosamine, bound to asparagine in position 21, as well as 2 mol of galactose and mannose per mol protein. The primary structure of the A2 activator protein is identical to that of the sulfatide activator protein (SAP-1). Possible differences in the carbohydrate content are discussed. PMID- 3242558 TI - [Incidence of the so-called minor pollens in the Naples area]. AB - The data concerning 2500 allergic patients are analysed and the low incidence of so-called "minor pollens" in respiratory allergopathies is documented. Moreover a frequent association of positivity with the so-called "major allergens" (Grass, Parietaria, Dermatophagoides) was observed. Specific hyposensitizing therapy is advised only in carefully selected patients, those showing perfect agreement between allergological data and clinical symptomatology. PMID- 3242557 TI - [Sensitization against Parietaria pollen in a group of 1143 patients in the Brescian area]. AB - 1143 patients were selected among atopic outpatients followed up at our Institution (Clinical Immunology-University of Brescia) on the basis of documented sensitization to one or more inhalant allergens. All patients had been investigated by skin prick tests employing a large panel of allergens. Specific sensitization had been confirmed by clinical history and when necessary by RAST. The patients were investigated retrospectively for the prevalence of sensitization to Paretaria. 880 patients were sensitized to one or more pollens and among these 427 (48.5) to Parietaria. Among pollen monosensitized patients (with no concomitant allergy to other inhalants), 222 were sensitized to Graminacee and 125 to Parietaria. In these groups there was no difference in prevalence of asthma. Our study thereby shows that the prevalence of sensitization to Parietaria in Brescia is higher than described in other cities in North Italy. Our findings are supported by pollen concentration in atmosphere as determined by Burkard pollen trap. PMID- 3242559 TI - [Epidemiology of whooping cough: study at the Maternal School of the city of Turin]. AB - Data about whooping cough and whooping cough vaccine in a population of 1892 children kindergarten attended in Turin (Italy) by means of interview to their parents, are referred. It has been observed that: 28.6% of the children aged from 3 to 5 already had natural infection; only 15.1% had been vaccinated. Data about clinical recovery, sequelae, adverse reaction to vaccine and parents' absences from work are referred and correlated to general population born in those years (1981-1983). Relation exists between pediatric's opinion, family's cultural background and practice of vaccination. PMID- 3242560 TI - [Epidemiology of bronchopulmonary hospital infections]. AB - Hospital acquired infections (HAI) represent one of the major problems, due to their elevated frequency and high number of fatal cases, in the control of infectious diseases. With the perspective to evaluate the incidence of bronchopulmonary infections and to determine their role as cause of death of hospitalized patients, as well as to identify the etiology and the associated risk factors, we have studied 105 autopsy cases of patients decreased in hospital. 37 patients had pneumonias, of which 48.6% were of hospital origin. Hospital pneumonia was responsible for death in 12.3% of the cases. The risk factors significantly associated with HAI were recognized to be the following: hospital recovery for a period longer than 10 days, and surgery. Among the etiologic agents isolated in HAI, there was a distinct prevalence in Gram negative bacteria (55.5% of the samples), such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila. PMID- 3242561 TI - [Study on the presence of Cryptosporidium in Umbria]. AB - Cryptosporidium is an intestinal protozoan parasite belonging to the same family as Isospora and Toxoplasma. Cryptosporidium can cause severe, life-threatening enteritis in immunocompromised patients; he can also cause much less severe diarrhea in immunocompetent humans and in several animal species. Cryptosporidiosis has been diagnosed by identification of characteristic cocysts in fecal smear. In order to detect the small numbers of oocysts excreted, a modified Teleman-Miyagawa concentration technique was used. After, the faecal smears were stained by means of the dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) acid-fast method. During 12 months, 157 specimens of faeces of patients with diarrhoea and 75 stool samples of asymptomatic humans were examined. Cryptosporidium was identified, only, in 2 of 157 stools of patients with diarrhoea. These two patients were less than 2 years of age. Cryptosporidial oocysts not were seen in the faeces of 75 asymptomatic humans and of 35 (only 20 with diarrhoea) immunocompromised patients. Failure to detect the agent in immunosuppressed patients in likely related to poor number of examinated cases. In conclusion, routine laboratory studies to identify Cryptosporidium in the stools of immunocompromised patients seem justified, since the parasite causes in these patients severe opportunistic also extra-intestinal infections. PMID- 3242562 TI - Mycoses in immunocompromised patients. An histopathologic study of 61 cases. AB - The histopathologic pattern of secondary mycoses in 61 immunocompromised patients is presented. The underlying diseases were: neoplasms, organ transplants, AIDS and a variety of other debilitating diseases. Three patients with AIDS had a double fungal infection. Candida spp. accounted for the majority of deep-seated mycoses, with 27 cases (44.2%); disseminated candidiasis was responsible of 18.5% of these patients death. Aspergillosis was seen in 23 subjects (37.7%), 18 of them (78.2%) died for systemic infection. These patients were severely debilitated by disease and/or iatrogenic procedures. The other fungal infections were: actinomycosis (10 cases), gerotrichosis (2 cases), histoplasmosis (1 case) and cerebral phaeohyphomycosis (1 case). PMID- 3242563 TI - Pasteur yeasts system, a test-kit for yeasts identification. Its evaluation in comparison with three commercial methods and conventional procedures. AB - The Pasteur Yeasts System is a commercial prepared kit and scheme for the rapid (48 h) identification of 23 yeasts belonging to 7 genera. The method consists of two parts: a gallery of media to evaluate germ tube production, urease activity, tetrazolium reduction, cycloheximide sensibility and fermentation of three carbohydrates, and an auxanographic method to determine the assimilation pattern of 16 carbohydrates. This system was tested in comparison with API 20 C Auxanogram, Mycotube, Candida Check and conventional procedures to identify 40 yeast strains. Pasteur Yeasts System provided correct identifications for 97.5% of the organisms and proved to have a high reproducibility, accuracy and reliability. The method is useful and facilitates the identification of pathogenic yeasts from clinical specimens in the routine laboratory. PMID- 3242564 TI - Excess deaths related to hot weather in Palermo. AB - A study of monthly mortality in Palermo by the Serfling's method showed a peak of excess deaths in winter 80-81 and two unexpected peaks in June-July 82 and July 83. Extramortality in the summer period could be attributed to hot weather, since in the two periods several consecutive days of high (greater than = 37 degrees C) maximum temperature were recorded. The possibility of summer temperatures monitoring for a public health action is discussed. PMID- 3242565 TI - Water of hydration in the intra- and extra-cellular environment of human erythrocytes. AB - The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration method (which requires measurement of the relaxation rate at multiple measured levels of dehydration) was applied to the analysis of human erythrocytes, a hemoglobin solution, plasma, and serum. The results allowed identification of bulk water and four motionally perturbed water of hydration subfractions. Based on previous NMR studies of homopolypeptides we designated these subfractions as superbound, irrotationally bound, rotationally bound, and structured. The total water of hydration (sum of both structured and bound water subfractions) in plasma, serum, and hemoglobin ranged from 2.78 to 3.77 g H2O/g dry mass and the sum of the three bound water subfractions ranged from 1.23 to 1.72 g H2O/g dry mass. The total water of hydration on hemoglobin, as determined by (i) spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) NMR data, (ii) quench ice-crystal imprint size, (iii) calculations based on osmotic pressure data, and (iv) two other methods, ranged from 2.26 to 3.45 g H2O/g dry mass. In contrast, the estimates of total water of hydration in the intact erythrocytes ranged from 0.34 to 1.44 g H2O/g dry mass, as determined by osmotic activity and spin-lattice titration, respectively. Studies on the magnetic-field dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1 rho) of solvent water nuclei in protein solutions and in intact and disrupted erythrocytes indicated that hemoglobin aggregation exists in the intact erythrocytes and that erythrocyte disruption decreases the extent of hemoglobin aggregation. Together, the present and past data indicate that the extent of water of hydration associated with hemoglobin depends on the amount of salt present and the degree of aggregation of the hemoglobin molecules. PMID- 3242566 TI - Evidence that the acute unmasking of GDP-binding sites in brown adipose tissue mitochondria is not dependent on mitochondrial swelling. AB - The role of mitochondrial swelling in the unmasking of GDP-binding sites on brown adipose tissue mitochondria has been examined in mice. Acute cold exposure (6 degrees C for 1 h) led to increases in GDP binding without changes in the concentration of uncoupling protein, indicating that an unmasking of binding sites had occurred. Measurements of mitochondrial matrix volume suggested that an acute unmasking of GDP-binding sites took place without swelling of the mitochondria. In addition, the induction of a rapid preswelling of the mitochondria by incubation in KCl in the presence of valinomycin did not affect the cold-induced unmasking of GDP-binding sites. It is concluded that the acute unmasking of GDP-binding sites on uncoupling protein in brown adipose tissue is not due simply to mitochondrial swelling. PMID- 3242567 TI - Binding of intermediate density lipoproteins rich or poor in high molecular weight apolipoprotein B to rat liver membranes. AB - Very low density lipoproteins rich or poor in high molecular weight apolipoprotein B (Bh-rich or Bh-poor VLDL, respectively) were prepared from rats fasted for 2 days and animals fasted and then refed for 2 days, respectively. Bh rich or Bh-poor VLDL remnants (IDL) were also prepared by in vitro lipolysis of the corresponding VLDL preparations, and their apolipoprotein (apo) profile and lipid composition determined. Bh-rich IDL are richer in esterified cholesterol than Bh-poor IDL, but poorer in apoC and triglycerides. The binding of 125I labeled Bh-rich IDL and 125I-labeled Bh-poor IDL to rat liver membranes was assessed by saturation-curve studies. Both types of IDL bound to high- and low affinity sites on rat liver membranes. There were no significant differences between the binding of IDL produced from Bh-rich or Bh-poor VLDL to either the high- or low-affinity sites. However, by masking the low-affinity binding sites with saturating amounts of human high density lipoproteins 3 (HDL3), we were able to demonstrate that Bh-rich IDL bound to high-affinity binding sites with five times less affinity than Bh-poor IDL. These results show that saturating the low affinity binding sites of rat liver membranes reveals differences in the binding abilities of lipoproteins to the high-affinity sites. Also, an analysis of apo and lipid compositions of the two types of IDL reveals that the apoBh contribution is likely to be responsible for differences in affinities of IDL for the high-affinity binding sites of rat liver membranes. PMID- 3242568 TI - A new bilirubin-degrading enzyme from orange peels. AB - A novel enzyme activity that catalyzes the degradation of unconjugated bilirubin (Bu) has been demonstrated in extracts of the peels of edible oranges. Unlike the few known bilirubin-oxidizing enzymes, the orange enzyme does not produce biliverdin as a product, does not seem to require oxygen, and has a unique absorption spectrum of its products. Even at the crude stage, the enzyme has a specific activity that is 10 and 20 times higher, respectively, than those reported for the crude or partially purified Bu-degrading enzymes from mushrooms and rat liver. The enzyme has a pH optimum near 7.5 and a Km value of 50-100 microM for Bu. The enzyme is remarkably stable, retaining over 50% activity after prolonged digestion with proteinase K or heating at 100 degrees C. Similar treatments inactivated the bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria MT-1. The enzyme is poorly soluble in water but can be partially solubilized with cholic acid, with a doubling in specific activity. PMID- 3242569 TI - [A study on the writing of Japanese letters in school children]. PMID- 3242570 TI - [Rigid spine syndrome: report of three cases]. PMID- 3242572 TI - [Nonketotic hyperglycinemia: a case report]. PMID- 3242571 TI - [Peroxisomal disorders--clinical and biochemical studies]. PMID- 3242573 TI - Review of yellow cards (1986): report to the Committee on the Safety of Medicines. AB - 1. In 1986 the CSM received 15,527 yellow cards. This was the highest number received in any one year since the scheme started in 1964. Much of the increase was due to the use by doctors of the yellow cards now included in the British National Formulary and NHS prescription pads. 2. The overall profile of reports of serious reaction, in 1986, was broadly similar to that of the previous years. The most commonly reported serious suspected adverse reactions involved the gastro-intestinal tract (801 reports), the skin (539 reports), the central nervous system (535 reports), and the blood (505 reports). 3. Of the drugs introduced between 1984 and 1986 appreciable numbers of reports of serious reactions were received in association with the use of diltiazem (33 reports), mitozantrone (30 reports), enalapril (173 reports) and etodolac (27 reports). PMID- 3242574 TI - Consensual pupillary responses to mydriatic and miotic drugs. AB - 1. Three experiments were conducted to examine whether mydriatic or miotic drugs instilled into one eye have any effect on the diameter of the pupil of the untreated fellow eye, in healthy volunteers. 2. In Experiment 1, the effects of four subjects, using photography in an illuminated room to assess pupil diameter. The drug evoked a dose-dependent mydriasis in the index eye which was accompanied by a simultaneous dose-dependent miosis in the fellow eye. 3. In Experiment 2, the same method was used to assess pupil diameter as in Experiment 1. The effects of mydriatic (methoxamine and tyramine) and of miotic (pilocarpine) drugs instilled into the fellow eye, were studied on the sizes of pupillary responses to the same drugs instilled into the index eye. The presence of a mydriatic drug in the fellow eye resulted in a decrease in the size of the mydriatic responses in the index eye. 4. In Experiment 3, the effects of three concentrations of phenylephrine hydrochloride (0.15-0.60 M) and of three concentrations of pilocarpine hydrochloride (0.002-0.008 M), were studied in darkness using an infra-red binocular television pupillometer, in seven subjects. Phenylephrine evoked dose-dependent mydriasis and pilocarpine evoked dose-dependent miosis. The pupillary responses of the index eye were not accompanied by any changes in the diameter of the pupil of the fellow eye. 5. It is concluded that drug-induced mydriasis in the index eye is accompanied by a consensual miosis in the fellow eye.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242575 TI - Evidence of prednisolone induced mood change ('steroid euphoria') in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. AB - 1. It is a clinical impression that some patients given oral corticosteroids develop a sense of wellbeing that is 'inappropriate' to improvements in physical health. This has been termed steroid 'euphoria', but unlike steroid-induced psychosis it has not been documented. 2. To test for the size and frequency of this phenomenon, 20 patients with severe chronic obstructive airways disease (mean FEV1 0.86 l) were given 30 mg of prednisolone for 14 days, after a period of placebo administration in a single-blind study. 3. Lung spirometry and arterial saturation during exercise were measured serially, together with established measures of mood state. 4. No changes in spirometry or arterial saturation during exercise were detected until 7 days of active therapy. 5. Mood state did not change during the placebo period, but small significant reductions in anxiety and depression were measured after 3 days of prednisolone and before any measurable improvement in lung function. Mood state did not then further improve, despite measurable improvements in lung spirometry. 6. This is evidence that prednisolone may produce a mild 'inappropriate' sense of wellbeing within a population receiving the drug, rather than as an occasional idiosyncratic response. PMID- 3242576 TI - Initial blood pressure as a predictor of the response to antihypertensive therapy. AB - 1. The relationship between fall in systolic blood pressure and initial systolic blood pressure has been investigated in 255 mixed normotensive and hypertensive subjects given placebo or one of five types of antihypertensive drug (ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, direct vasodilators, alpha-adrenoceptor blocker, beta-adrenoceptor blocker). 2. In all cases there was a significant correlation between the change in blood pressure and initial blood pressure. When Oldham's transformation was used (replacing the initial blood pressure by the mean of the initial and minimum pressures) the correlation coefficients were all reduced, although five out of six were still statistically significant. 3. In a subset of 43 hypertensive subjects given four antihypertensive agents, concentration-effect analysis was carried out. For three of the agents a linear model was used to relate effect to concentration; for the remaining agent a Langmuir type model was used. 4. For all four sets of data for which concentration-effect analysis was carried out, there was a significant correlation between the sensitivity of response and the initial blood pressure. 5. The observed relationships between initial blood pressure, change in blood pressure and sensitivity of response can be qualitatively explained by postulating a general form of dose-response relationship for all antihypertensive agents. PMID- 3242577 TI - Plasma protein binding of amiodarone in a patient population: measurement by erythrocyte partitioning and a novel glass-binding method. AB - 1. Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic drug whose therapeutic usefulness is limited by variable pharmacokinetics and considerable toxicity. Total plasma concentrations are not reliably related to therapeutic effect, but if plasma protein binding varies between patients, then free drug concentrations may provide a better measure of drug effectiveness. 2. The plasma protein binding of amiodarone was measured by erythrocyte partitioning, and found to be the same in six healthy subjects and eight patients being treated for cardiac arrhythmias (mean = 99.98%; range 99.97-99.99%). The free fraction of amiodarone was independent of the total drug concentration (r = -0.41, P greater than 0.50) and albumin level (r = -0.31, P greater than 0.50). 3. These data show no advantage in monitoring free concentrations of amiodarone. On the other hand, the patients in this study did not receive very high doses of amiodarone, and were free from drug side effects and biochemical abnormalities. Possibly a more heterogeneous group of patients would show variability in amiodarone binding. This should be examined, especially for patients with variations in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, a major ligand for basic drugs and a likely major binding protein for amiodarone. PMID- 3242578 TI - Assessment of erectogenic properties of apomorphine and yohimbine in man. AB - 1. In a four period, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, apomorphine (0.009 mg kg-1 subcutaneous route) and yohimbine (0.30 mg kg-1 i.v. route) were administered to 10 male healthy volunteers. Penile circumference was monitored using plethysmography and subjective sexual arousal was self-assessed. Data were collected before, during and after a stimulation session during which 50 erotic slides were projected to the subjects. 2. Apomorphine induced an erection starting from the fourth minute post-injection, and potentiated the visually induced response. Self assessment showed increased tumescence and rigidity without modifications of sexual arousal. 3. Yohimbine did not modify penile diameter without stimulation and did not affect the physiological response to erotic stimuli. 'Sexual excitement' was decreased by yohimbine during the post stimulation phase. One subject experienced severe anxiety while he was infused with yohimbine. 4. These results are discussed with reference to animal data and to recent studies carried out in impotent patients. PMID- 3242579 TI - A single dose pharmacokinetic study of Gastrobid Continus and Maxolon in the perioperative period. AB - 1. A single dose pharmacokinetic comparison of Gastrobid Continus and Maxolon was carried out perioperatively in two groups of 12 gynaecological patients; each group comprised six patients for major surgery and six patients for minor surgery. 2. The areas under the plasma drug concentration-time curves were similar after both preparations. 3. In the minor surgery group after Gastrobid Continus the plasma drug concentration-time curve was wider at half Cmax (P less than 0.01), Cmax was reduced (P less than 0.05) and delayed (median (range) 4 (3 6) vs 2.5 (2-4) h) compared with Maxolon, and the log of the metoclopramide concentration did not have a linear relationship with time from 2-9 h. 4. A flattening of the plasma drug concentration-time curve was the only difference between the two preparations in the major surgery groups. 5. The plasma drug concentration-time curve was wider (P less than 0.05) at at half Cmax in the minor compared with the major surgery groups receiving Gastrobid Continus. 6. Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar for Maxolon in both surgical groups. 7. Sustained release pharmacokinetic characteristics were most pronounced in the minor surgery group which did not receive opiate medication but in which there were more moderately anxious patients prior to induction and in whom anxiety may have delayed gastric emptying. PMID- 3242580 TI - Haem arginate improves hepatic oxidative metabolism in variegate porphyria. AB - 1. The elimination of antipyrine was investigated before and after intravenous administration of haem arginate (3 mg haem kg-1 day-1 on three or four successive days) to six patients with variegate porphyria in remission. 2. Haem arginate decreased the faecal content of protoporphyrin from 557 +/- 91 to 118 +/- 32 (mean +/- s.e. mean) and of coproporphyrin from 144 +/- 19 to 19 +/- 3 nmol g-1 dry weight. 3. Before haem treatment antipyrine elimination half-life was long (30.5 +/- 5.6 h), but the treatment decreased it to 6.3 +/- 0.8 h. Antipyrine clearance increased from 0.25 +/- 0.05 to 1.03 +/- 0.11 ml min-1 kg-1 (P less than 0.001), being 4.6 times higher after haem arginate infusions. 4. The volume of distribution of antipyrine did not change. 5. The severe impairment of hepatic mixed function oxidase activity even in the symptomless stage of porphyria indicates cautious dosage of drugs primarily eliminated by hepatic oxidative reactions. PMID- 3242581 TI - Variability in response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics: evidence from controlled clinical therapeutic trial of flurbiprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - 1. A clinical trial was conducted with flurbiprofen 100 mg three times a day by mouth in rheumatoid arthritis to determine variability in response. 2. Forty patients entered the study, but only 32 completed it. Patients were treated with flurbiprofen on two occasions at a month's interval, each being preceded by a 3 day wash out period. Pain relief and a Ritchie articular index of joint tenderness was assessed at the beginning and end of each treatment period. 3. Flurbiprofen produced significant improvement in both pain relief and articular tenderness. No significant differences were observed between the two trial periods in the mean of these outcome measures. 4. No evidence was found to support the concept of responders and non-responders. PMID- 3242582 TI - The disposition of ketoprofen enantiomers in man. AB - 1. The disposition of ketoprofen enantiomers was studied in 21 patients taking racemic ketoprofen (Orudis SR). 2. In each patient the plasma concentrations of the R- and S-enantiomers were similar at all times over a 24 h dosing interval. The mean (+/- s.e. mean) time-averaged plasma ketoprofen concentrations over the dosage interval were 0.76 (+/- 0.06) mg l-1 for R-ketoprofen and 0.78 (+/- 0.06) mg l-1 for S-ketoprofen. 3. Creatinine clearances for the 21 patients ranged from 6-162 ml min-1. There was no correlation between creatinine clearance and time averaged plasma concentration for either R- or S-ketoprofen. 4. Approximately 30% of the dose was recovered in urine (unconjugated + glucuronide conjugate) and this was made up of 43% R-ketoprofen and 57% S-ketoprofen. Because of incomplete urine recoveries of ketoprofen it was not possible to determine whether inversion from the R- to the S-enantiomer takes place in man. 5. The data suggest that in terms of total (bound + unbound) ketoprofen, half the concentration value derived by a non-enantiospecific analysis would give a reasonable approximation of the pharmacologically active S-enantiomer concentration in plasma. PMID- 3242583 TI - Stereoselective drug disposition: potential for misinterpretation of drug disposition data. AB - 1. Although it is well recognised that the enantiomers of a chiral drug may possess different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, many studies dealing with chiral drugs which are administered as their racemates rely on non stereoselective analytical techniques. 2. We present a theoretical analysis to illustrate the potential which exists for misinterpretation of drug disposition and plasma drug concentration-effect data generated for a racemic drug using a non-stereoselective assay. 3. It was shown that the use of such an analytical method can lead to the collection of data which may be both quantitatively and qualitatively inaccurate with respect to the individual enantiomers. For example, the clearance of the unresolved drug may indicate concentration- and time dependence even though this pharmacokinetic process is concentration- and time independent for each of the enantiomers. 4. The problems discussed emphasise the need to consider stereoselectivity in clinical pharmacological studies involving racemic drugs. PMID- 3242584 TI - Chronic dose urinary and serum pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in the elderly. AB - 1. Norfloxacin was administered as two daily 400 mg oral doses to eight elderly patients requiring treatment for urinary tract infections. Blood specimens were obtained for pharmacokinetic profiles following the first and fifteenth doses. Further specimens were obtained before each morning's dose of norfloxacin. Specimens of urine were obtained to ascertain if adequate antimicrobial concentrations were reached in these patients with diminished renal function. 2. Norfloxacin half-life was consistent with that expected in mild renal impairment and was not different between the first and fifteenth doses. Based on ratios of AUC values, accumulation is probably related to renal function, being greatest for creatinine clearance values below 30 ml min-1. 3. On the great majority of occasions, the urinary concentrations of norfloxacin exceeded 20 micrograms ml-1. On days 2-7, the mean percentage 12 h renal elimination of norfloxacin was 18.6 +/- 1.47 (mean of 82 separate observations). Norfloxacin 400 mg twice daily was well tolerated in this group of elderly patients and produced adequate antimicrobial concentrations in urine. PMID- 3242585 TI - Debrisoquine oxidation in a Finnish population: the effect of oral contraceptives on the metabolic ratio. AB - 1. The debrisoquine hydroxylation phenotype was assessed in 211 healthy subjects of Finnish Caucasian origin. 2. A bimodal distribution was observed in the urinary debrisoquine/4-hydroxydebrisoquin ratio. Eleven subjects (about 5%) were poor metabolizers of debrisoquine, when a ratio of 12.6 was used as the cut-off point. 3. The mean metabolic ratio of 35 extensive metabolizers taking oral contraceptives was slightly lower than that of extensive metabolizers not taking contraceptives. This indicates that oral contraceptives may change the phenotyping near the metabolic ratio of 12.6. 4. The metabolic ratios were determined in eight subjects using both 4 h and 6 h urine collection times. The metabolic ratios corresponded well with each other indicating the usefulness of the shorter 4 h collection time. PMID- 3242587 TI - Metoprolol oxidation in a Japanese population: evidence for only one poor metaboliser among 262 subjects. PMID- 3242586 TI - Lack of effect of atenolol on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. AB - The effects of 3 days of pretreatment with cardioselective doses of atenolol on theophylline pharmacokinetics were determined. Nine healthy nonsmoking male volunteers received 6 mg kg-1 i.v. aminophylline under baseline conditions and after both 50 mg day-1 and 100 mg day-1 atenolol. Theophylline clearance, volume of distribution and half-life were not influenced by atenolol pretreatment. These data indicate that cardioselective doses of atenolol do not alter the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. PMID- 3242588 TI - Cisapride has no effect on antipyrine clearance. PMID- 3242589 TI - 1H NMR spectroscopic characterization of binary and ternary complexes of cobalt(II) carboxypeptidase A with inhibitors. AB - The binding of L- and D-phenylalanine and carboxylate inhibitors to cobalt(II) substituted carboxypeptidase A, Co(II)CPD (E), in the presence and absence of pseudohalogens (X = N3-, NCO-, and NCS-) has been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. This technique monitors the proton signals of histidine residues bound to cobalt(II) and is therefore sensitive to the interactions of inhibitors that perturb the coordination sphere of the metal. Enzyme-inhibitor complexes, E.I, E.I2, and E.I.X, each with characteristic NMR features, have been identified. Thus, for example, L-Phe binds close to the metal ion to form a 1:1 complex, whereas D-Phe binds stepwise, first to a nonmetal site and then to the metal ion to form a 2:1 complex. Both acetate and phenylacetate also form 2:1 adducts stepwise with the enzyme, but beta-phenylpropionate gives a 2:1 complex without any detectable 1:1 intermediate. N3-, NCO-, and NCS- generate E.I.X ternary complexes directly with Co(II)CPD.L-Phe and indirectly with the D-Phe and carboxylate inhibitor 2:1 complexes by displacing the second moiety from its metal binding site. The NMR data suggest that when the carboxylate group of a substrate or inhibitor binds at the active site, a conformational change occurs that allows a second ligand molecule to bind to the metal ion, altering its coordination sphere and thereby attenuating the bidentate behavior of Glu-72. The 1H NMR signals also reflect alterations in the histidine interactions with the metal upon inhibitor binding. Isotropic shifts in the signals for the C-4 (c) and N protons (a) of one of the histidine ligands are readily observed in all of these complexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242590 TI - Purification and characterization of two unique forms of cytochrome P-450 from rabbit nasal microsomes. AB - Two forms of cytochrome P-450, designated P-450NMa and P-450NMb, were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from rabbit nasal microsomes. The purified cytochromes, which contained 14-16 nmol of P-450/mg of protein, exhibited apparent monomeric molecular weights of 49,500 and 51,000, respectively. As indicated by several criteria, including the amino acid composition, absorption spectra, and peptide maps, the two nasal forms of P-450 are distinct from each other. Furthermore, as judged by the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences, they are distinct from all other P-450 cytochromes described to date. In the ferric form, P-450NMa is in the low-spin state, whereas P-450NMb is predominantly in the high spin state. When reconstituted with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and phospholipid, P-450NMa is very active in the oxidation of ethanol as well as several nasal procarcinogens, including the N-deethylation of N nitrosodiethylamine, the O-deethylation of phenacetin, and the N-demethylation of hexamethyl-phosphoramide. P-450NMb also metabolizes these substrates, but at lower rates. Both nasal forms are also active with testosterone, with P-450NMa oxidizing the substrate in the 17-position to give androstenedione and P-450NMb catalyzing hydroxylation in the 15 alpha-, 16 alpha-, and 19-positions. The two cytochromes represent the major portion of the total P-450 in nasal microsomes, but the corresponding forms could not be detected in hepatic microsomes. PMID- 3242591 TI - Interaction between caldesmon and tropomyosin in the presence and absence of smooth muscle actin. AB - Cysteine residues of caldesmon were labeled with the fluorescent reagent N-(1 pyrenyl)maleimide. The number of sulfhydryl (SH) groups in caldesmon was around 3.5 on the basis of reactivity to 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate); 80% of the SH groups were labeled with pyrene. The fluorescence spectrum from pyrene-caldesmon showed the presence of excited monomer and dimer (excimer). As the ionic strength increased, excimer fluorescence decreased, disappearing at salt concentrations higher than around 50 mM. The labeling of caldesmon with pyrene did not affect its ability to inhibit actin activation of heavy meromyosin Mg-ATPase and the release of this inhibition in the presence of Ca2+-calmodulin. Tropomyosin induced a change in the fluorescence spectrum of pyrene-caldesmon, indicating a conformational change associated with the interaction between caldesmon and tropomyosin. The affinity of caldesmon to tropomyosin was dependent on ionic strength. The binding constant was 5 x 10(6) M-1 in low salt, and the affinity was 20-fold less at ionic strengths close to physiological conditions. In the presence of actin, the affinity of caldesmon to tropomyosin was increased 5-fold. The addition of tropomyosin also changed the fluorescence spectrum of pyrene caldesmon bound to actin filaments. The change in the conformation of tropomyosin, caused by the interaction between caldesmon and tropomyosin, was studied with pyrene-labeled tropomyosin. Fluorescence change was evident when unlabeled caldesmon was added to pyrene-tropomyosin bound to actin. These data suggest that the interaction between caldesmon and tropomyosin on the actin filament is associated with conformational changes on these thin filament associated proteins. These conformational changes may modulate the ability of thin filament to interact with myosin heads. PMID- 3242592 TI - Interaction of cytidine 3'-monophosphate and uridine 3'-monophosphate with ribonuclease a at the denaturation temperature. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed on the thermal denaturation of ribonuclease a and ribonuclease a complexed with an inhibitor, cytidine or uridine 3'-monophosphate, in sodium acetate buffered solutions. Thermal denaturation of the complex results in dissociation of the complex into denatured ribonuclease a and free inhibitor. Binding constants of the inhibitor to ribonuclease a were determined from the increase in the denaturation temperature of ribonuclease a in the complexed form and from the denaturation enthalpy of the complex. Binding enthalpies of the inhibitor to ribonuclease a were determined from the increase in the denaturation enthalpy of ribonuclease a complexed with the inhibitor. For the cytidine inhibitor in 0.2 M sodium acetate buffered solutions, the binding constants increase from 87 +/- 8 M 1 (pH 7.0) to 1410 +/- 54 M-1 (pH 5.0), while the binding enthalpies increase from 17 +/- 13 kJ mol-1 (pH 4.7) to 79 +/- 15 kJ mol-1 (pH 5.5). For the uridine inhibitor in 0.2 M sodium acetate buffered solutions, the binding constants increase from 104 +/- 1 M-1 (pH 7.0) to 402 +/- 7 M-1 (pH 5.5), while the binding enthalpies increase from 16 +/- 5 kJ mol-1 (pH 6.0) to 37 +/- 4 kJ mol-1 (pH 7.0). The binding constants and enthalpies of the cytidine inhibitor in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffered solutions increase respectively from 328 +/- 37 M-1 (pH 6.5) to 2200 +/- 364 M-1 (pH 5.5) and from 22 kJ mol-1 (pH 5.5) to 45 +/- 7 kJ mol-1 (pH 6.5). the denaturation transition cooperativities of the uncomplexed and complexed ribonuclease a were close to unity, indicating that the transition is two state with a stoichiometry of 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242593 TI - Inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor transformation, subunit dissociation, and temperature-dependent inactivation by various N-substituted maleimides. AB - A series of N-substituted maleimides were synthesized, and their effect on the activation to the DNA binding state of the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor was studied. Unactivated (preincubated at 0 degrees C) cytosolic [3H]triamcinolone acetonide-receptor complexes were pretreated with various N-alkylmaleimides at 0 degrees C and then heated at 25 degrees C and assayed for DNA-cellulose binding. No inhibition of the DNA binding activity was observed with either N ethylmaleimide or N-substituted maleimides bearing an ionizable substituent, like N-(omega-carboxyalkyl)maleimides and N-[2-(trimethylammonio) ethyl]maleimide. On the contrary, treatment with long-chain alkylmaleimides like N-heptylmaleimide resulted in significant inhibition. The highest inhibition was obtained with N benzylmaleimide and, to a lesser extent, N-(ethylphenyl)-maleimide, whereas N benzylsuccinimide was ineffective. Treatment of cytosol containing unactivated glucocorticoid complexes at 3 degrees C with N-benzymaleimide also prevents the temperature-mediated conversion of 8S receptor to 4S. Moreover, N-benzylmaleimide was able to inhibit the inactivation of the receptor steroid-binding activity caused by heat. N-Benzylmaleimide shares with molybdate ions the ability to inhibit glucocorticoid receptor activation, dissociation, and inactivation. However, their respective mechanisms of action are probably distinct, since their effects on receptor inactivation appear additive. It is suggested from the comparison of the various maleimides tested that the sulfhydryl groups essential for receptor activation and dissociation lie in a rather nonpolar environment including aromatic amino acid(s). PMID- 3242594 TI - Bovine placental lactogen: molecular cloning and protein structure. AB - The bovine placenta secretes at least one hormone with prolactin-like and placental growth-hormone-like activity. The cDNA for bovine placental lactogen was isolated from a bovine fetal cDNA library by virtue of its nucleotide sequence homology to bovine prolactin (70%) and identified as such from amino acid sequence obtained from the amino terminus and internal tryptic fragments from the isolated hormone. The cDNA predicts a preprohormone of 236 amino acids, with a signal peptide of 36 amino acids. A single consensus site for N glycosylation marks a probable site of carbohydrate addition. The encoded hormone is quite distinct from the pituitary hormones, as well as the primate and rodent placental lactogens and other predicted bovine placental hormones. It is 51% similar to bovine prolactin in amino acid sequence, 30% similar to the protein predicted by bovine prolactin-related cDNA I, about 30% similar to the rodent predicted placental hormones, and only about 20% similar to human placental lactogen and bovine growth hormone. Despite its greater similarity to bovine prolactin, sequence homology in the region of 5' flanking sequences and first exon to bovine prolactin-related cDNA I suggests that bovine placental lactogen may share a common evolutionary origin with this other placentally expressed member of the prolactin gene family. PMID- 3242595 TI - Inactivation of monoamine oxidase A by the monoamine oxidase B inactivators 1 phenylcyclopropylamine, 1-benzylcyclopropylamine, and N-cyclopropyl-alpha methylbenzylamine. AB - Three known mechanism-based inactivators of beef liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) B are tested as inactivators of human placental mitochondrial MAO A. 1-Phenylcyclopropylamine (1-PCPA), 1-benzylcyclopropylamine (1-BCPA), and N cyclopropyl-alpha-methylbenzylamine (N-C alpha MBA) are time-dependent irreversible inactivators of MAO A. The KI values for 1-PCPA and N-C alpha MBA, analogues of the MAO B substrate benzylamine, are much higher with MAO A than with MAO B. Evidence is presented to show that 1-PCPA inactivates MAO A by attachment to the flavin cofactor, unlike the reaction with MAO B in which 1-PCPA can attach to both a cysteine residue and the flavin [Silverman, R.B., & Zieske, P.A. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 2128-2138]. The reaction of 1-BCPA with MAO A was too slow to study in detail. N-C alpha MBA exhibits the same properties toward inactivation of MAO A that it does for inactivation of MAO B. Attachment in both cases is shown to be to one cysteine residue per enzyme molecule. The results with 1-PCPA indicate that the active site topographies of MAO A and MAO B are different. The ability of N-C alpha MBA to undergo attachment to a cysteine residue in both MAO A and MAO B may lead the way toward peptide mapping of the two isozymes in order to determine differences in their primary structures. PMID- 3242596 TI - Quenching of room temperature protein phosphorescence by added small molecules. AB - A number of molecular agents that can efficiently quench the room temperature phosphorescence of tryptophan were identified, and their ability to quench the phosphorescence lifetime of tryptophan in nine proteins was examined. For all quenchers, the quenching efficiency generally follows the same sequence, namely, N-acetyltryptophanamide (NATA) greater than parvalbumin approximately lactoglobulin approximately ribonuclease T1 greater than liver alcohol dehydrogenase greater than aldolase greater than Pronase approximately edestin greater than azurin greater than alkaline phosphatase. Quenching rate constants for O2 and CO are relatively insensitive to protein differences, while H2S and CS2 are somewhat more sensitive. These small molecule agents appear to act by penetrating into the proteins. However, penetration to truly buried tryptophans is less favorable than previously suggested; in five proteins studied, quenching efficiency by O2 is 20-1000 times lower than for NATA, and up to 10(5) lower for H2S and CS2. Larger and more polar quenchers--including organic thiols, conjugated ketones and amides, and anionic species--were also studied. The efficiency of these quenchers does not correlate with quencher size or polarity, the quenching reaction has low energy of activation, and quenching rates are insensitive to solvent viscosity. These results indicate that the larger quenchers do not approach the buried tryptophans by penetrating into the proteins, even on the long phosphorescence time scale, and are also inconsistent with a mechanism in which quencher encounter with the tryptophan occurs in free solution, as in a protein-opening reaction. The results obtained suggest that the quenching process involves a long-range radiationless transfer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242597 TI - Time-resolved solution X-ray scattering of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein: kinetics and structure of intermediates. AB - The kinetics of assembly and disassembly of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMVP) following temperature jumps have been studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and turbidimetry. The structures of the principal aggregates of TMVP oligomers (A protein), intermediate size (helix I) and large size helical rods (helix II), have been characterized by their average radii of gyration of thickness, cross section, and shape obtained from the corresponding regimes of the small-angle scattering pattern. This structural information was obtained within seconds after the temperature-induced initiation of either polymerization or depolymerization and allowed us to detect transient intermediates. This methodology made it possible to observe and characterize the structure of a principal intermediate. Taken together with other kinetic information, these data suggest that polymerization of TMVP under virus self-assembly conditions may proceed via a single-layered helical nucleus that contains about 20 subunits. Previous studies have shown that overshoot polymerization of TMVP can occur and results in metastable long helical viruslike rods which subsequently depolymerize and then form short helical rods, depending on the conditions of the final equilibrium state. The longer rods (helix II) are overshoot polymers which form within seconds and contain 17 1/3 subunits per turn (helix IIB), in contrast to the subunit packing arrangement of 16 1/3 subunits per turn found in the shorter helical rods (helix IA). The latter packing arrangement is the one found in TMV. An overall polymerization scheme is proposed for the formation of these two helical forms of TMVP. PMID- 3242598 TI - Solution structure of apamin determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and distance geometry. AB - The solution structure of the bee venom neurotoxin apamin has been determined with a distance geometry program using distance constraints derived from NMR. Twenty embedded structures were generated and refined by using the program DSPACE. After error minimization using both conjugate gradient and dynamics algorithms, six structures had very low residual error. Comparisons of these show that the backbone of the peptide is quite well-defined with the largest rms difference between backbone atoms in these structures of 1.34 A. The side chains have far fewer constraints and show greater variability in their positions. The structure derived here is generally consistent with the qualitative model previously described, with most differences occurring in the loop between the beta-turn (residues 2-5) and the C-terminal alpha-helix (residues 9-17). Comparisons are made with previously derived models from NMR data and other methods. PMID- 3242599 TI - Origin of DNA helical structure and its sequence dependence. AB - Conformational analysis of DNA shows that the origin of the B-form double helix can be attributed in large part to the atomic charge pattern in the base pairs. The charge patterns favor specific helical stacking of the base pairs. Base pairs alone--without backbones--have a strong tendency to form helix, indicating that the backbones play a rather passive role in determining the basic helical structure of DNA. It is mainly the electrostatic interactions determined by the charge pattern on base pairs that stabilize a particular helical conformation. The charge pattern in the base pairs appears to be responsible for much of the sequence dependence of DNA conformation, rather than steric clashes. PMID- 3242601 TI - Effect of solvent viscosity on the heme-pocket dynamics of photolyzed (carbonmonoxy)hemoglobin. AB - The heme-pocket dynamics subsequent to carbon monoxide photolysis from human hemoglobin have been monitored as a function of glycerol-water solvent composition with time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy. Prompt (geminate) ligand recombination rates and the transient heme-pocket geometry established within 10 ns after photolysis appear to be largely independent of solvent composition. The rate of relaxation of the transient geometry to an equilibrium deoxy configuration is, however, quite sensitive to solvent composition. These observations suggest that the former processes result from local, internal motions of the protein, while the relaxation dynamics of the proximal heme pocket are predicated upon more global protein motions that are dependent upon solvent viscosity. PMID- 3242600 TI - Macrophage oxidation of L-arginine to nitrite and nitrate: nitric oxide is an intermediate. AB - Previous studies have shown that murine macrophages immunostimulated with interferon gamma and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide synthesize NO2-, NO3-, and citrulline from L-arginine by oxidation of one of the two chemically equivalent guanido nitrogens. The enzymatic activity for this very unusual reaction was found in the 100,000g supernatant isolated from activated RAW 264.7 cells and was totally absent in unstimulated cells. This activity requires NADPH and L-arginine and is enhanced by Mg2+. When the subcellular fraction containing the enzyme activity was incubated with L-arginine, NADPH, and Mg2+, the formation of nitric oxide was observed. Nitric oxide formation was dependent on the presence of L-arginine and NADPH and was inhibited by the NO2-/NO3- synthesis inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Furthermore, when incubated with L-[guanido 15N2]arginine, the nitric oxide was 15N-labeled. The results show that nitric oxide is an intermediate in the L-arginine to NO2-, NO3-, and citrulline pathway. L-Arginine is required for the activation of macrophages to the bactericidal/tumoricidal state and suggests that nitric oxide is serving as an intracellular signal for this activation process in a manner similar to that very recently observed in endothelial cells, where nitric oxide leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation [Palmer, R. M. J., Ashton, D. S., & Moncada, S. (1988) Nature (London) 333, 664-666]. PMID- 3242602 TI - Spontaneous vesiculation of large multilamellar vesicles composed of saturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol mixtures. AB - The influence of temperature and ionic strength on the vesiculation properties of large multilamellar vesicles containing various proportions of dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol has been investigated. It is shown that at low ionic strengths preformed large multilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (7:3) on incubation at the gel to liquid-crystalline transition temperature (Tc approximately 23 degrees C) spontaneously vesiculate to form predominantly unilamellar systems with a mean diameter of 120 nm. Such vesiculation is not observed for incubations at temperatures appreciably above or below Tc, and is also inhibited by higher ionic strengths. Stable large multilamellar vesicles are formed, however, in systems containing the dioleoyl species of phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylglycerol and also for dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/dimyristoylphosphatidylserine mixtures. The vesiculation properties of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol mixtures, therefore, appear to reflect an instability in the region of the Tc driven by surface potential effects which are specific for the glycerol headgroup. PMID- 3242603 TI - Molecular topography of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 as revealed by spectroscopic studies. AB - Molecular characterization of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 has been carried out and compared with a group of functionally related staphylococcal enterotoxins. The secondary structure analysis of the far-UV circular dichroic spectrum of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 revealed 6.25% alpha-helix, 51.25% beta-pleated sheets, 9.0% beta-turns, and 33.5% random coils. The pattern, in general, was similar to the staphylococcal enterotoxins. Four antigenic sites have been predicted for toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 by using the secondary structure information in combination with the hydrophilicity calculation. The location of the antigenic sites, in general, agrees with the experimental results. Topographical analysis of the tyrosine residues as determined by second derivative UV spectroscopy [Ragone, R., Colonna, G., Balestrieri, C., Servillo, L., & Irace, G. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 1871-1875] showed that six of nine tyrosine residues are exposed to aqueous solvent. Tryptophan fluorescence quenching studies with an anionic surface quencher, I-, and a neutral quencher, acrylamide, revealed that almost all of the tryptophan residues are buried in the protein matrix as their accessibility to the surface quencher is very low (17%). Since there are only three tryptophan residues in the amino acid sequence of the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and there is a tyrosine residue (Tyr-15, Tyr-115, and Tyr-153) next to each of the tryptophan residues (Trp-14, Trp-116, and Trp 154), it appears the tyrosine residues not exposed to the aqueous solvent are those next to the tryptophan residues. Functional implications of the topography of the tryptophan and tyrosine residues are assessed. PMID- 3242604 TI - Structural analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C1 using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. AB - Secondary and tertiary structural parameters of two functionally and serologically related proteins, staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C1, have been determined by using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. The secondary structures derived from the respective far-UV circular dichroic spectra were 9.5% alpha-helix, 55.0% beta-pleated sheets, 16.5% beta-turns, and 19.0% random coils for enterotoxin B and 15.0% alpha-helix, 38.0% beta-pleated sheets, 25.5% beta-turns, and 21.5% random coils for staphylococcal enterotoxin C1. The values matched well with the secondary structures derived from the amino acid sequences (Chou and Fasman method). Seven antigenic sites have been predicted for both staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C1 by using the hydrophilicity and the secondary structure information. Three of these antigenic sites appear similar. Fluorescence quantum yield of the single tryptophan residue (Trp-197) of both the enterotoxins showed the tryptophan residue in staphylococcal enterotoxin B to be approximately 46% more fluorescent than in staphylococcal enterotoxin C1. Tryptophan fluorescence quenching by the surface quencher I- and the neutral quencher acrylamide revealed that the single tryptophan residue in each of the enterotoxins is buried in the protein matrix and is not accessible to the surface quencher I-. The tryptophan residue in staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 is 14% less accessible to acrylamide than in staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The data, in general, reflect several similarities and significant differences between the two related enterotoxins. PMID- 3242605 TI - Photolabeling of membrane-bound Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with the hydrophobic probe 3-trifluoromethyl-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine. AB - The hydrophobic, photoactivatable probe 3-trifluoromethyl-3-(m [125I]iodophenyl)diazirine ([125I]TID) was used to label acetylcholine receptor rich membranes purified from Torpedo californica electric organ. All four subunits of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) were found to incorporate label, with the gamma-subunit incorporating approximately 4 times as much as each of the other subunits. Carbamylcholine, an agonist, and histrionicotoxin, a noncompetitive antagonist, both strongly inhibited labeling of all AChR subunits in a specific and dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the competitive antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin and the noncompetitive antagonist phencyclidine had only modest effects on [125I]TID labeling of the AChR. The regions of the AChR alpha subunit that incorporate [125I]TID were mapped by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion. The carbamylcholine-sensitive site of labeling was localized to a 20-kDa V8 cleavage fragment that begins at Ser-173 and is of sufficient length to contain the three hydrophobic regions M1, M2, and M3. A 10-kDa fragment beginning at Asn-339 and containing the hydrophobic region M4 also incorporated [125I]TID but in a carbamylcholine-insensitive manner. Two further cleavage fragments, which together span about one-third of the alpha-subunit amino terminus, incorporated no detectable [125I]TID. The mapping results place constraints on suggested models of AChR subunit topology. PMID- 3242606 TI - Interactions of concanavalin A with asparagine-linked glycopeptides: formation of homogeneous cross-linked lattices in mixed precipitation systems. AB - We have previously shown that certain oligomannose and bisected hybrid type glycopeptides are bivalent for binding to concanavalin A (Con A) [Bhattacharyya, L., Ceccarini, C., Lorenzoni, P., & Brewer, C. F. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 1288 1293]. Each glycopeptide gives a quantitative precipitation profile with the protein which consists of a single peak that corresponds to the binding stoichiometry of glycopeptide to protein monomer (1:2). We have shown that the affinities of the primary and secondary sites of the glycopeptides influence their extent of precipitation with the lectin [Bhattacharyya, L., & Brewer, C. F. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. (in press)]. In the present study, we demonstrate that equimolar mixtures of any two of the glycopeptides result in a quantitative precipitation profile which shows two protein peaks. Using radiolabeled glycopeptides, the precipitation profiles of the individual glycopeptides were determined. The results show that each glycopeptide forms its own precipitation profile with the protein which is independent of the profile of the other glycopeptide. For mixtures containing an equimolar ratio of two glycopeptides, the glycopeptide with lower affinity shows a precipitation maximum at a lower concentration than the one with higher affinity. However, this can be reversed by increasing the ratio of the lower affinity glycopeptide in the mixture. Thus, the relative precipitation maxima of the glycopeptides are determined by mass-action equilibria involving competitive binding of the two carbohydrates to the protein. These equilibria, in turn, are sensitive to the relative amounts and affinities of the carbohydrates at both their primary and secondary sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242607 TI - Modulation of the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition and solvation of phosphatidylethanolamines in aqueous salt solutions. AB - Several salts affect the temperature of the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition of phosphatidylethanolamines. Their effects are dependent on the anion as well as the cation of the salt. Salt effects on this transition can be explained by preferential hydration and ion binding. Those salts which are excluded from the solvation sphere of the membrane promote hexagonal phase formation. For example, Na2SO4 promotes preferential hydration and is a hexagonal phase promoter while NaSCN does not do this and is a bilayer stabilizer. Unlike amphiphiles and hydrocarbons, salts can shift the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition temperature without altering the cooperativity of the transition. The effect of these salts on the gel to liquid-crystal transition is opposite to their effect on the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition. We also find that MnCl2 markedly raises the gel to liquid-crystal transition temperature. This effect is due to binding of the cation to the membrane surface. The effect is reduced with MnSO4 because of preferential hydration. Our results demonstrate that the nature of the anion as well as the cation can alter the effect of salts on lipid phase transition properties. The observed effects can be explained as resulting from preferential hydration and ion binding. PMID- 3242608 TI - Structural changes in vesicle membranes and mixed micelles of various lipid compositions after binding of different bile salts. AB - Binding equilibria of common bile salts (BS) and different mixtures of membrane lipids were correlated with BS-induced structural changes of large unilamellar vesicles, with transition of vesicles to mixed micelles (MM), and with successive transformations of MM. At very low BS concentrations, in the outer vesicle monolayer definite BS/lipid aggregates are formed, the size and BS binding strength of which depend on the BS and lipid species involved. At increasing BS concentrations, binding to the membranes is hampered, and above a critical BS content, membrane stress due to asymmetric BS binding leads to formation of transient membrane holes, as shown by inulin release from the vesicles. Independent of the BS and lipid species, membrane solubilization starts at a ratio r = 0.3 of bound BS/lipid. Increasing phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cholesterol contents stabilize the lecithin membrane against BS to different degrees and in different ways, whereas the destabilization by sphingomyelin is probably due to the enhancement of the membrane gel-liquid transition temperature. Conjugation of the BS with glycine or taurine has a modulating effect on membrane hole formation, rather than on lipid solubilization. Diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy indicates a BS-induced drop of the internal membrane order and its restoration during membrane solubilization. At higher concentrations ursodeoxycholate induces additional condensation, whereas the other BS cause internal disorder in the MM. Above ratios r of approximately 8:1, we found a release of BS from these MM and suggest a rodlike structure for them. The results were discussed with respect to BS/membrane interactions during lipid excretion from the liver cell. PMID- 3242609 TI - Characterization of transmembrane chemical shift differences in the 31P NMR spectra of various phosphoryl compounds added to erythrocyte suspensions. AB - Trimethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl methylphosphonate, trimethylphosphine oxide, and the hypophosphite, phenylphosphinate, and diphenylphosphinate ions all contain the phosphoryl functional group. When added to an intact erythrocyte suspension at 20 degrees C, each of the compounds gave rise to separate intra- and extracellular 31P NMR resonances, and the separation between the two resonances of each compound varied with the mean cell volume. The differences between the intra- and extracellular chemical shifts were shown to be primarily attributable to the effects of hemoglobin. The presence of hemoglobin inside the cell gave rise to a significant difference in the magnetic susceptibilities of the two compartments. In addition, it exerted a large susceptibility-independent chemical shift effect, the magnitude of which was dependent upon the chemical structure of the phosphoryl compound involved. A number of other intra- and extracellular components were also shown to cause chemical shift variations, smaller than those arising from hemoglobin but nonetheless significant. The cell volume dependence of the transmembrane chemical shift differences therefore reflected not only the cell volume dependence of the intracellular hemoglobin concentration but also the changing concentration of the other solutes in the two compartments. In addition to their cell volume dependence, the transmembrane chemical shift differences varied with temperature. In the case of the nonelectrolytes this reflected not only the temperature dependence of the mechanism(s) responsible for the susceptibility-independent shift effects but also the temperature dependence of the rates at which the compounds traversed the cell membrane. PMID- 3242610 TI - Physical basis of the effect of hemoglobin on the 31P NMR chemical shifts of various phosphoryl compounds. AB - The marked difference between the intra- and extracellular 31P NMR chemical shifts of various phosphoryl compounds when added to a red cell suspension may be largely understood in terms of the effects of hemoglobin on the 31P NMR chemical shifts. The presence of [oxy- or (carbonmonoxy)-] hemoglobin inside the red cell causes the bulk magnetic susceptibility of the cell cytoplasm to be significantly less than that of the external solution. This difference is sufficient to account for the difference in the intra- and extracellular chemical shifts of the two phosphate esters trimethyl phosphate and triethyl phosphate. However, in the case of the compounds dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl methylphosphonate, and trimethyl-phosphine oxide as well as the hypophosphite, phenylphosphinate, and diphenylphosphinate ions, hemoglobin exerts an additional, much larger, effect, causing the 31P NMR resonances to shift to lower frequency in a manner that cannot be accounted for in terms of magnetic susceptibility. Lysozyme is a protein structurally unrelated to hemoglobin and was shown to cause similar shifts to lower frequency of the resonances of these six compounds; this suggests that the mechanism may involve a property of proteins in general and not a specific property of hemoglobin. The effect of different solvents on the chemical shifts of the eight phosphoryl compounds provided an insight into the possible physical basis of the effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242611 TI - Diffusion-dependent rates for the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by glyoxalase II from rat erythrocytes. AB - Glyoxalase II from rat erythrocytes is a near optimal catalyst for the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoylglutathione in the sense that the magnitude of kcat/Km is limited, in large part, by the rate constant for diffusion-controlled encounter between substrate and active site. The experimental basis for this conclusion is derived from the dependencies of the kinetic properties of the enzyme on solution viscosity (pH 7, Ic = 0.1 M, 25 degrees C). When sucrose is used as a viscogenic agent, kcat/Km for S-D-lactoylglutathione (8.8 x 10(5) M-1 s-1) decreases markedly with increasing solution viscosity. This effect appears not to be due to a sucrose-induced change in the intrinsic kinetic properties of the enzyme, since kcat/Km for the slow substrate S-acetylglutathione (3.7 x 10(4) M-1 s-1) is nearly independent of solution viscosity. Quantitative treatment of the data using Stoke's law indicates that the rate of hydrolysis of S-D-lactoylglutathione will be approximately 50% diffusion limited when [substrate] much less than Km; the encounter complex between enzyme and substrate partitions nearly equally between product formation and dissociation to form free enzyme and substrate. The same conclusion is reached when glycerol is used as a viscogenic agent, once the apparent activation effect of glycerol on the intrinsic activity of the enzyme is taken into account. Finally, the rate of formation of the encounter complex between substrate and active site may be governed to a significant extent by charge-charge interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242612 TI - Specific inhibition of DNA biosynthesis induced by 3'-amino-2',3' dideoxycytidine. AB - 3'-Amino-2',3'-dideoxycytidine (3'-NH2-dCyd) produced an S-phase-specific block in exponentially growing L1210 leukemia cells. The monophosphate and triphosphate forms of the drug were detected within a few hours of 3'-NH2-dCyd treatment of intact cells. No significant change in the deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels was observed during the early stages of treatment. However, by 24 h a 2-fold increase in the amount of the deoxynucleoside triphosphates was seen. The triphosphate form of the drug competitively inhibited dCTP incorporation into calf thymus DNA using highly purified DNA polymerase alpha. The Ki was determined to be 9.6 microM with respect to dCTP. Incorporation of the analogue into DNA was not detected. On the other hand, sucrose gradient analysis suggested that incorporation of the analogue into actively synthesized DNA may account for the biological activity of this compound. Treatment with 3'-NH2-dCyd induced single strand breaks in actively synthesized DNA, but no double-strand breaks were observed in the presence of the analogue. The data indicate that 3'-amino-2',3' dideoxycytidine specifically interferes with DNA replication at the level of DNA polymerase by inhibiting chain elongation. PMID- 3242613 TI - 2- and 8-azido photoaffinity probes. 1. Enzymatic synthesis, characterization, and biological properties of 2- and 8-azido photoprobes of 2-5A and photolabeling of 2-5A binding proteins. AB - The 2- and 8-azido trimer 5'-triphosphate photoprobes of 2-5A have been enzymatically synthesized from [gamma-32P]2-azidoATP and [alpha-32P]8-azidoATP by 2-5A synthetase from rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Identification and structural determination of the 2- and 8-azido adenylate trimer 5'-triphosphates were accomplished by enzymatic hydrolyses with T2 RNase, snake venom phosphodiesterase, and bacterial alkaline phosphatase. Hydrolysis products were identified by HPLC and PEI-cellulose TLC analyses. The 8-azido photoprobe of 2-5A displaces p3A4[32P]pCp from RNase L with affinity equivalent to p3A3 (IC50 = 2 X 10(-9) M in radiobinding assays). The 8-azido photoprobe also activates RNase L to hydrolyze poly(U) [32P]pCp 50% at 7 X 10(-9) M in core-cellulose assays. The 2 and 8-azido photoprobes and authentic p3A3 activate RNase L to cleave 28S and 18S rRNA to specific cleavage products at 10(-9) M in rRNA cleavage assays. The nucleotide binding site(s) of RNase L and/or other 2-5A binding proteins in extracts of interferon-treated L929 cells were investigated by photoaffinity labeling. Dramatically different photolabeling patterns were observed with the 2- and 8-azido photoprobes. The [gamma-32P]2-azido adenylate trimer 5'-triphosphate photolabels only one polypeptide with a molecular weight of 185,000 as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis, whereas the [alpha-32P]8-azido adenylate trimer 5' triphosphate covalently photolabels six polypeptides with molecular weights of 46,000, 63,000, 80,000, 89,000, 109,000, and 158,000. Evidence that the photolabeling by 2- and 8-azido 2-5A photoprobes was highly specific for the p3A3 allosteric binding site was obtained as follows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242614 TI - Porphyrin and metalloporphyrin binding to DNA polymers: rate and equilibrium binding studies. AB - Interactions of meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin [TMpyP(4)] with poly[d(G-C)].poly[d(G-C)] [poly[d(G-C)2] and poly[d(A-T)].poly[d(A-T)] [poly[d(A T)2] were studied by equilibrium dialysis and stopped-flow dissociation kinetics as a function of [Na+]. Metalloderivatives of TMpyP(4), NiTMpyP(4), and ZnTMpyP(4) were also investigated. The apparent equilibrium binding constants (Kobs) were approximately the same for TMpyP(4) binding to either poly[d(G-C)2] or poly[d(A-T)2] and decreased with increasing [Na+]. The slopes of the plots of log Kobs vs log [Na+] were similar, with values close to -2.7. Contrary to implications in previously reported studies, these data do not indicate that TMpyP(4) prefers to bind to GC sites at low ionic strength and to AT sites at high ionic strength. In contrast, binding of ZnTMpyP(4) to these two polymers is very different. Comparisons of Kobs values at 0.065 M [Na+] indicate that ZnTMpyP(4) binding to AT sites is approximately 200 times more favorable than binding to GC sites, a finding in agreement with previous qualitative observations. Although the binding of the Zn species to the GC polymer was too weak for us to assess the salt effect, the plot of log Kobs vs log [Na+] gave a slope of -2.0 for ZnTMpyP(4) binding to poly[d(A-T)2]. Application of condensation theory for polyelectrolytes suggests similar charge interactions for ZnTMpyP(4) and for TMpyP(4) binding to poly[d(A-T)2]. Likewise, the rates of dissociation from poly[d(A-T)2] were similar for TMpyP(4) and ZnTMpyP(4) [and also NiTMpyP(4)]. However, whereas TMpyP(4) [and NiTMpyP(4)] dissociation from poly[d(G-C)2] was measurable, that for ZnTMpyP(4) was too fast to measure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242615 TI - Inactivation of dopamine beta-hydroxylase by p-cresol: isolation and characterization of covalently modified active site peptides. AB - Recently, p-cresol has been shown to be a mechanism-based inhibitor of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH; EC 1.14.17.1) [Goodhart, P. J., DeWolf, W. E., Jr., & Kruse, L. I. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 2576-2583]. This inactivation was suggested to result from alkylation of an active site residue by an aberrant 4 hydroxybenzyl radical intermediate. In support of this hypothesis, we report here the isolation and characterization of two modified tryptic peptides from DBH inactivated by p-cresol. Using a combination of automated Edman sequencing, mass spectroscopy (MS), and tandem MS, we have determined the sequence of the putative active site peptides, identified the site of attachment of p-cresol, and defined the chemical nature of the adduct formed. Both modified peptides are the same primary sequence: Ala-Pro-Asp-Val-Leu-Ile-Pro-Gly-Gln-Gln-Thr-Thr-Tyc-Trp-Cys-Tyr Va l-Thr-Glu- Leu-Pro-Asp-Gly-Phe-Pro-Arg, where Tyc is an amino acid residue with the in-chain mass of a cresol-Tyr adduct (106 + 163 Da). Gas-phase deuterium exchange studies (employing N2H3-DCI MS) of the isolated phenylthiohydantoin (Pth) derivatives of modified residue 13 demonstrate that p-cresol forms two chemically distinct covalent adducts and support the hypothesis that a (4 hydroxyphenyl)methyl radical is generated during catalysis. Rearrangement to a (4 methylphenyl)oxy radical may also occur prior to inactivation. PMID- 3242616 TI - Specificity in formation of triple-stranded nucleic acid helical complexes: studies with agarose-linked polyribonucleotide affinity columns. AB - The binding of a variety of deoxyribo and ribo homo- and copolynucleotide complementary duplexes to agarose-linked homopolynucleotide affinity columns has been studied. The results provide information concerning the specificity of recognition of complementary base pairs of nucleic acids through a mechanism that involves triple-helix formation under physiological conditions of ionic strength, pH, and temperature. The method employed made it possible, for the first time, to survey the full range of base triplets conceivable from the canonical nucleic acid bases and, in addition, hypoxanthine and thereby to differentiate between those triplets which can and cannot form. Certain previously observed features of the stereochemistry of double-helical targets for third-strand binding are confirmed, and some unrecognized features are elaborated. These include a general requirement for clusters of purine residues in one strand, protonation of third strand C residues, the ability of natural third-strand residues to distinguish between A.T/U and G.C base pairs, and a capacity of third-strand (unnatural) I residues to recognize all base pairs within such clusters. Thus, the basis for a third-strand binding code is demonstrated. PMID- 3242618 TI - Distance distributions in proteins recovered by using frequency-domain fluorometry. Applications to troponin I and its complex with troponin C. AB - We used resonance energy transfer to examine the distribution of distances between two sites on troponin I (TnI). The donor (D) was the single tryptophan residue at site 158 (Trp 158), and the acceptor (A) was cysteine 133 (Cys 133) which was labeled with N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(1-sulfo-5-naphthyl)ethylenediamine (IE). A distribution of D-A distances results in a distribution of donor decay times, which were resolved by using frequency-domain fluorometry. In the native state we recovered a relatively narrow distribution of D-A distances. The widths of the distance distributions were found to increase progressively and dramatically with increasing concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride. Binding of calcium-free troponin C (TnC) to troponin I did not alter the distance distribution. Addition of Ca2+ to the TnI.TnC complex resulted in a sharper distance distribution and protected against the guanidine hydrochloride induced increase in the width of the distance distribution. Additionally, the same distance distributions were recovered for native and denatured TnI when the Forster distance for energy transfer was decreased by acrylamide quenching. These results demonstrate that distance distributions can be recovered with good accuracy, to the extent of revealing modest changes due to binding of other components. This technique should have widespread applications in studies of protein folding. PMID- 3242617 TI - Affinity labeling of the GDP/GTP binding site in Thermus thermophilus elongation factor Tu. AB - Elongation factor Tu from Thermus thermophilus was treated successively with periodate-oxidized GDP or GTP and cyanoborohydride. Covalently modified cyanogen bromide or trypsin fragments of the protein were isolated, and the position of their modification was determined. Lysine residues 52 and 137 were heavily labeled, lysine-137 being considerably more reactive in the GTP form as compared to the GDP form of the protein. These residues are in the proximity of the GDP/GTP binding site. Lys-325 was also labeled, but to a lower extent. The part of the EF-Tu containing residue 52 is missing in crystallized EF-Tu.GDP from Escherichia coli [Jurnak, F. (1985) Science (Washington, D.C.) 230, 32-36]. These results place the part of T. thermophilus EF-Tu corresponding to the missing fragment in E. coli EF-Tu in the vicinity of the nucleotide binding site and allow its role in the interaction with aminoacyl-tRNA and elongation factor Ts to be evaluated. Cross-linking of EF-Tu.GDP by irradiation at 257 nm showed that a sequence of 10 amino acids residues which is found in the Thermus thermophilus elongation factor Tu but not in other homologous bacterial proteins is located in the vicinity of the GDP/GTP binding site. PMID- 3242619 TI - Identification of the primary structural defect in the dysthrombin thrombin Quick I: substitution of cysteine for arginine-382. AB - A congenitally dysfunctional form of prothrombin, prothrombin Quick, was isolated from the plasma of an individual with less than 2% of normal prothrombin activity. Following activation of prothrombin Quick, two dysfunctional thrombins, thrombin Quick I and thrombin Quick II, were isolated. Functional characterization of thrombin Quick I indicated an increase in KM and a decrease in kcat, relative to thrombin, for release of fibrinopeptide A. Comparison of kcat/KM for thrombin Quick I to the value obtained for thrombin yielded a relative catalytic efficiency of 0.012 for thrombin Quick I [Henriksen, R. A., & Owen, W. G. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4664-4669]. Lysyl endopeptidase digestor of reduced and S-carboxymethylated thrombin and thrombin Quick I has resulted in the identification of an altered peptide in this dysthrombin. Edman degradation of the isolated peptide has shown that the altered residue in this protein is Arg 382 which is replaced by Cys. This could result from a point mutation in the Arg codon, CGC, to yield TGC. Together, these results indicate that Arg-382 is a critical residue in determining the specificity of thrombin toward fibrinogen. Similar relative activities for thrombin Quick I in stimulating platelet aggregation, in the release of prostacyclin from human umbilical vein endothelium, and in the release of fibrinopeptide A suggest that these activities of thrombin share the same specificity determinants. PMID- 3242620 TI - Preferred conformation and dynamics of the glycerol backbone in phospholipids. An NMR and X-ray single-crystal analysis. AB - The conformation of the glycerol group of a number of diacyl and monoacyl (lyso) phospholipids differing in the chemical nature of the head group was studied by 1H high-resolution NMR and X-ray crystallography. The NMR measurements were carried out with solutions or micellar dispersions of the lipids in deuteriated organic solvents or 2H2O. Both solutions, in which the lipid is present as monomers, and lipid micelles give rise to good high-resolution NMR spectra exhibiting spin coupling hyperfine interactions. From 1H spin coupling it is concluded that there are two stable conformations about the glycerol C(2)-C(3) bond of phospholipids. One of these (rotamer A) is characterized by torsion angles theta 3 = antiperiplanar, theta 4 = +synclinal, and the other (rotamer B) by theta 3 = +synclinal, theta 4 = -synclinal. In both rotamers A and B the ester oxygens on the glycerol carbon atoms C(2) and C(3) are synclinal, and hence both types of rotamers readily allow the parallel alignment of the two hydrocarbon chains. By comparison of NMR and single-crystal X-ray data it is obvious that both conformations are minimum free energy conformations. Rotamer A is the conformation prevailing in phospholipid single-crystal structures. The conformation of rotamer B is also found in phospholipid single-crystal structures though to a lesser extent, e.g., in 2,3-dilauroyl-DL-glycero-1-phospho-N,N dimethylethanolamine and 2,3-dimyristoyl-D-glycero-phospho-DL-glycerol. NMR measurements indicate that in liquid crystals the diacylglycerol part of phospholipids fluctuates between the two stable staggered conformations of rotamers A and B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242621 TI - Studies of the ethanol-induced interdigitated gel phase in phosphatidylcholines using the fluorophore 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. AB - It is now well established that a number of amphiphilic molecules such as ethanol can induce the formation of the fully interdigitated gel phase in phosphatidylcholines. We have shown earlier that alcohols such as ethanol induce biphasic melting behavior in phosphatidylcholines [Rowe, E. S. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 3299-3305] but not in phosphatidylethanolamines [Rowe, E. S. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 813, 321-330]. Simon and McIntosh [(1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 773, 169-172] showed that the alcohol-induced biphasic melting behavior in phosphatidylcholines is a consequence of acyl chain interdigitation. In the present study we demonstrate the detection of the transition of DPPC and DSPC to the interdigitated phase in the presence of ethanol using the fluorescence properties of the commonly used fluorophore 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene (DPH). By correlating fluorescence and X-ray diffraction results, we have demonstrated the use of fluorescence to study the phase transition from the noninterdigitated to the interdigitated phase. Using this method, we have investigated the temperature and ethanol concentration dependence of the induction of the interdigitated phase in DSPC and DPPC and shown that the induction of interdigitation by ethanol is temperature dependent, with higher temperature favoring interdigitation. The temperature-ethanol phase diagrams have been determined for DPPC and DSPC. PMID- 3242622 TI - Tropomyosin inhibits the rate of actin polymerization by stabilizing actin filaments. AB - Tropomyosin inhibition of the rate of spontaneous polymerization of actin is associated with binding of tropomyosin to actin filaments. Rate constants determined by using a direct electron microscopic assay of elongation showed that alpha alpha- and alpha beta-tropomyosin have a small or no effect on the rate of elongation at either end of the filaments. The most likely explanation for the inhibition of the rate of polymerization of actin in bulk samples is that tropomyosin reduces the number of filament ends by mechanical stabilization of the filaments. PMID- 3242623 TI - Association of the glucocorticoid receptor binding subunit with the 90K nonsteroid-binding component is stabilized by both steroidal and nonsteroidal antiglucocorticoids in intact cells. AB - The interaction of various antiglucocorticoids with the glucocorticoid receptor from intact rat thymocytes was investigated. Reversible antiglucocorticoids (RU 486, cortexolone, progesterone) underwent more limited nuclear transfer than potent glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, progesterone). This behavior was correlated with an impeded dissociation of cytosolic antiglucocorticoid receptor complexes preformed in intact cells, as assayed by high-performance size exclusion chromatography in physiological conditions (i.e., isotonic molybdate-free buffer). Antagonist-receptor complexes remained in a 7-8 nm form whatever the antiglucocorticoid tested (including dexamethasone mesylate and trifluoroperazine, a nonsteroidal antiglucocorticoid) and the incubation time at 37 degrees C, whereas agonist-receptor complexes were rapidly converted into 5 nm species. This stabilization was not detectable by conventional sucrose gradient centrifugation because of artifactual dissociation of untransformed complexes, a pitfall overcome by resorting to vertical tube centrifugation. Moreover, the low amount of nuclear antiglucocorticoid receptor complexes was also in the undissociated form, in contrast with nuclear agonist-receptor complexes. Immunological probes demonstrated that the 90-kDa non-steroid-binding component was associated with the antiglucocorticoid-stabilized receptor. Thus, whatever their chemical structure and their affinity for the receptor, antiglucocorticoids stabilize the oligomeric form of the glucocorticoid receptor in intact cells. Our data, demonstrating for the first time that all antiglucocorticoids probably act via a common mechanism, suggest a key role for subunit dissociation during in vivo receptor activation. PMID- 3242624 TI - High-resolution separation and accurate size determination in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of DNA. 2. Effect of pulse time and electric field strength and implications for models of the separation process. AB - Bacteriophage DNAs annealed into linear oligomeric concatemers were used to examine the quantitative pulsed-field gel electrophoretic behavior of different sized DNAs as a function of electrical field strength and pulse time. Three zones of resolution are observed for increasingly larger DNAs. In the first two zones, the electrophoretic mobility decreases linearly with increasing DNA size. The separation in zone 2 is roughly twice that in zone 1. The largest DNA molecules do not resolve at all and migrate in a compression zone. Mobility in zone 1 increases linearly with the electric field strength and decreases with the inverse of the pulse time. The behavior of DNA in zone 2 is qualitatively similar. However, the effect of field strength and pulse time on the separations in each zone is quite different. The results for zone 1 are generally consistent with the predictions of several existing physical models of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, but no model accounts for all of the observed behavior in the three zones. PMID- 3242625 TI - Comparative histochemistry of the mucoproteic cells of the hypophysis from Rhamdia hilarii, Hypostomus punctatus, Prochilodus scrofa and Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei). Immunohistochemical identification of the gonadotropic cells. AB - Adenohypophyseal cells showing positive histochemical reactions for mucosubstances were classified as type I-IV in Hypostomus (Plecostomus) punctatus (Loricariidae), Rhamdia hilarii (Pimelolidae), Prochilodus scrofa (Prochilodontidae) and Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) according to cell shape, size, cytological characteristics and adenohypophyseal distribution. Cell types I and II are common to the four species, with each cell type showing very similar cytological and histochemical characteristics, in spite of different adenohypophyseal distribution of cell type II, according to the teleost species. Type I cells are globular basophils located in the proximal pars ditalis and are positive to PAS and Alcian blue pH 2.5 (AB) reactions, showing cytoplasmic vacuoles and changes in granule concentration in the mature phase of the gonadal cycle. The smaller type II cells are fusiform or oval basophils exhibiting a strong AB reaction but also reacting to PAS. Type III cells are located in the pars intermedia showing PAS-positive reaction. Considering different teleost species, these cells exhibit some variations specially in relation to cell size and shape which are not detected in mature male C. carpio. Otherwise cell type IV is only present in the rostral pars distalis of P. scrofa. They are weakly basophilic and negative to PAS, reacting strongly to AB. Only cell type I showed unequivocally positive immunohistochemical results with anti-salmon gonadotropin. PMID- 3242626 TI - Coccygeus and levator ani muscles in the rabbit: morphology and proprioceptive innervation. AB - The Authors have studied the morphological features and the proprioceptive nervous component in the coccygeus and levator ani muscles of the rabbit, using Ruffini's and Barker-Ip's impregnations. The coccygeus muscle originates from ischiatic spine and inserts on the last three sacral vertebrae and on the first four or five caudal vertebrae. The levator ani muscle originates from the ischiatic spine and the coccygeus muscle aponeurosis and inserts directly on the caudal vertebrae 3-5 or 4-6. The proprioceptive innervation in both muscles is constituted by muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs with a typical structure. Muscle spindles are more numerous than Golgi tendon organs and the spindle density is higher in the levator ani muscle. PMID- 3242627 TI - Changes in location of type I collagen synthesis in two stages of fetal calf skin as revealed by in situ hybridization. AB - The distribution of sites of type I collagen gene expression was studied in frozen sections of skin of 4 and 9 month-old calf fetuses by in situ hybridization using a human pro-alpha 1 type I collagen cDNA. The labelling varied with the different layers of the dermis and with the developmental stage considered. In the 4 month old fetus skin, the label appeared concentrated in the upper layer of the dermis at the lewel of the hair follicles. In the 9 month-old fetus skin, the difference of labelling between upper papillary dermis and lower dermis was less marked. Comparatively the distribution of the extracellular type I collagen was determined by indirect immunofluorescence. This collagen appeared present throughout the whole dermis with slight variations at 4 months, where there was less extracellular collagen near the hair bulbs. These results are in agreement with the idea that the collagen synthesis follows cutaneous differentiation. In addition, they support the hypothesis that collagen is deposited once morphogenetic events have occurred and plays thus a stabilizing role in formation of cutaneous appendages. PMID- 3242629 TI - Calculation of time constants for intracellular diffusion in whole cell patch clamp configuration. AB - We present a simplified model to identify and analyze the important variables governing the diffusion of substances from pipettes into canine cardiac Purkinje cells in the whole cell patch clamp configuration. We show that diffusion of substances through the pipette is the major barrier for equilibration of the pipette and cellular contents. We solve numerically the one-dimensional diffusion equation for different pipette geometries, and we derive a simple analytic equation which allows one to estimate the time necessary to reach the steady state of intracellular concentration. The time constant of the transient to steady state is given by a pipette geometric factor times the cell volume divided by the diffusion coefficient of the substance of interest. The geometric factor is shown to be given by the ratio of pipette resistance to the resistivity of the filling solution. Additionally from our modeling, we concluded that pipette perfusion at distances greater than 20 microns from the pipette tip would not substantially reduce the time necessary to achieve the steady state. PMID- 3242628 TI - Etiology of the supernormal period. AB - In many excitable cells, there is a time after the action potential when the threshold for eliciting a second action potential is lower than it is in the steady state. The Hodgkin and Huxley (1952) equations predict such a supernormal period. Using their model, it is shown that the supernormal period results from the slow kinetics of the potassium current and does not depend on sodium current activation or inactivation or on the after-depolarization. PMID- 3242631 TI - Dynamics of melittin in water and membranes as determined by fluorescence anisotropy decay. AB - Fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements were performed on melittin in water and in membranes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. The fluorescence of the single tryptophan residue of melittin and of a pyrene label attached to melittin was detected. In water, the slowest relaxation process in the anisotropy decay occurs with a relaxation time of 1.5 or 5.5 ns in the case of low or high ionic strength and corresponds to rotational diffusion of monomeric or tetrameric melittin. Superimposed on this slow process are fast processes in the subnanosecond range reflecting fluctuations of the fluorophores relative to the polypeptide backbone. In membranes, the fast relaxation processes are not much altered. A slow process with a relaxation time of 35 ns is observed and assigned to orientational fluctuations of the melittin helices in membranes. PMID- 3242630 TI - Analysis of rhodamine and fluorescein-labeled F-actin diffusion in vitro by fluorescence photobleaching recovery. AB - Properties of filamentous acetamidofluorescein-labeled actin and acetamidotetramethylrhodamine-labeled actin (AF and ATR-actin, respectively) were examined to resolve discrepancies in the reported translational diffusion coefficients of F-actin measured in vitro by FPR and other techniques. Using falling-ball viscometry and two independent versions of fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR), the present data indicate that several factors are responsible for these discrepancies. Gel filtration chromatography profoundly affects the viscosity of actin solutions and filament diffusion coefficients. ATR actin and, to a lesser degree, AF-actin show a reduction in viscosity in proportion to the fraction labeled, presumably due to filament shortening. Actin filaments containing AF-actin or ATR-actin are susceptible to photoinduced damage, including a covalent cross-linking of actin protomers within filaments and an apparent cleavage of filaments detected by a decrease of the measured viscosity and an increase in the measured filament diffusion coefficients. Quantum yields of the two photoinduced effects are quite different. Multiple cross-links are produced relative to each photobleaching event, whereas less than 1% filament cleavage occurs. Substantial differences in the filament diffusion coefficients measured by FPR are also the result of differences in illumination geometry and sampling time. However, under controlled conditions, FPR can be used as a quantitative tool for measuring the hydrodynamic properties of actin filaments. Incremented filament shortening caused by photoinduced cleavage or incremental addition of filament capping proteins produces a continuous and approximately linear increase of filament diffusion coefficients, indicating that filaments are not associated in solution. Our results indicate that actin filaments exhibit low mobilities and it is inferred that actin filaments formed in vitro by column-purified actin, under standard conditions, are much longer than has conventionally been presumed. PMID- 3242632 TI - Kinetics of domain formation by sickle hemoglobin polymers. AB - We have monitored the growth of domains of sickle hemoglobin polymers by using temporally and spatially resolved light scattering and birefringence measured pseudosimultaneously on a 50-microns square area. Polymerization was induced and indefinitely maintained by photolysis of the carbonmonoxy derivative using an argon ion laser. Intensity of scattering and birefringence (measured as intensity transmitted through crossed polarizers) were measured using a silicon-intensified target vidicon interfaced to a computer. Polymer concentration, as inferred by light scattering, grew with primarily circular symmetry, with approximately 20% of the signal initially in a twofold symmetric pattern. In time the circular symmetry increased. A distinct decrease in the scattering signal developed which spread outward from the center of the domain. Birefringence lagged the scattering and initially grew in a twofold pattern, with the formation of a characteristic Maltese cross only appearing much later, and well after the scattering signal had peaked. Radial profiles of the domain scattering and birefringence were both approximately gaussian. We successfully modeled the decrease in scattering by fitting the profiles to a large gaussian from which a second smaller gaussian was subtracted. This second gaussian had the width of the birefringence gaussian. The width of the birefringence gaussian grew linearly in time, while the width of the scattering gaussian showed a notable acceleration. We conclude that domains form primarily as disordered arrays which align at later times. We explain the above observations, including the shape of the birefringence progress curves, as the result of an alignment transition which is solely due to a redistribution of monomers from short to long, and from entangled to radial, polymers. We present a theoretical justification for this process in an appendix. In a separate paper (Zhou, H. X., and F. A. Ferrone, manuscript submitted for publication) we show that the gaussian shapes and acceleration of the width naturally arise from a generalization of the double nucleation mechanism for sickle hemoglobin gelation (Ferrone, F. A., J. Hofrichter, H. Sunshine, and W. A. Eaton 1980. Biophys. J. 32:361-377; Ferrone, F. A., J. Hofrichter, and W. A. Eaton. 1985. J. Mol. Biol. 183:611-631). PMID- 3242633 TI - Variation in crypt size and its influence on the analysis of epithelial cell proliferation in the intestinal crypt. AB - The standard model of epithelial cell renewal in the intestine proposes a gradual transition between the region of the crypt containing actively proliferating cells and that containing solely terminally differentiating cells (Cairnie, Lamerton and Steel, 1965 a, b). The experimental justification for this conclusion was the gradual decrease towards the crypt top of the measured labeling and mitotic indices. Recently, however, we have proposed that intestinal crypts normally undergo a replicative cycle so that at any time in any region of the intestine, crypts will be found to have a wide range of sizes. We show here that if this intrinsic size variation is taken into account, then a sharp transition between the proliferative and nonproliferative compartments of individual intestinal crypts is consistent with the labeling and mitotic index distributions of mouse and rat jejunal crypts. Thus there is no need to invoke the region of gradual transition from proliferating to nonproliferating cells as is done in the standard model. The position of this sharp transition is estimated for both the mouse and rat. Experiments to further test our model are suggested and the significance of the results discussed. PMID- 3242634 TI - Electromobile surface charge alters membrane potential changes induced by applied electric fields. AB - The relation between extracellular electric fields and changes in membrane potential that such fields directly induce has previously been described both theoretically and experimentally. It is clearly established that extracellular electric-field-induced membrane potential changes are well described by Poisson's equation of electrostatics. A modification of this simple theory to include effects of the electric-field-induced redistribution of charged cell surface components is introduced and is shown to produce major alterations in calculated membrane potential changes over times of the order of minutes to hours. Implications for biological systems which respond to extracellular electric fields are discussed. PMID- 3242635 TI - ATP synthesis and degradation rates in the perfused rat heart. 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance double saturation transfer measurements. AB - A limitation of magnetization transfer techniques for studying enzyme kinetics in vivo has been the difficulty of treating systems with more than two exchanging species. This problem was addressed in the original papers describing saturation transfer. Since then, a number of approaches have been devised to study these complex situations. Here, we present a method based on the transient saturation transfer experiment in which spin-lattice relaxation time constants and reaction rates are obtained from the same magnetization transfer data. This technique is particularly suitable for biological samples. We apply the method to evaluate flux balance in the three-site linear exchange network composed of ATP, creatine phosphate, and inorganic phosphate in the isolated, perfused rat heart and show that the method yields reasonable values for the reaction velocities of ATP synthesis and degradation. PMID- 3242637 TI - In situ optical spectroscopy of some systems of biological interest. AB - Monitoring the optical absorption or emission spectrum of a condensed phase sample offers information about the supramolecular assembly, packing effects and other features characteristic of the phase that would be missed when one studies solution-state spectra. We have used the technique of photoacoustic spectroscopy to study intact biological specimens, such as algae, parasite cells and the eye lens. Such a study has offered information about the status of endogenous hemin in Plasmodium cells and the mode of interaction of antimalarial drugs of the chloroquine class therein. We have also attempted to do in situ fluorescence spectroscopy on isolated intact eye lenses, which has enabled us to follow the photochemistry and the status of the photoproduct of the oxidation of the trp residues of the crystallins of the lens. PMID- 3242636 TI - On the relationship between resting potential and the delayed rectifier in squid axons. PMID- 3242638 TI - The role of sophisticated instruments in biological research: examples from nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 3242639 TI - Regulation of cell division and malignant transformation. AB - The problem of regulation of cell division is essentially a problem of understanding regulation of transition from the resting state of a cell to the dividing state and vice versa. In malignancy the ability to revert back to a normal resting state is impaired. A model is presented which attempts to explain the control of the above transitions through control of uptake of essential nutrients by a transport-inhibitory protein. Experimental evidence in favour of the model is given. PMID- 3242640 TI - Neural networks and REM sleep. AB - The nature of certain forms of memory is discussed in relation to neural networks and REM sleep. PMID- 3242641 TI - Polyhydroxybutyrate: an intriguing biopolymer. AB - The microbial polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and related poly hydroxyalkanoates, such as poly-3-hydroxyvalerate and poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate, are unique biodegradable thermoplastics of considerable commercial importance. The structure, properties and regulation of synthesis and degradation of PHB are reviewed and the microbial production of copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3 hydroxyvalerate, with properties varying according to copolymer composition, is discussed. PMID- 3242642 TI - A simple method for identification of gap-bridging subclones in DNA sequencing. PMID- 3242643 TI - Development and differentiation in plants. AB - An overview of plant development has been presented. In lower plants like mosses, auxin and cytokinin regulate the creation and the stability of the differentiated state of various cell types. The differentiated state is plastic and all cell types dedifferentiate to ground state, the chloronema. Even in higher plants, embryonic cells become only roughly committed during shoot meristem formation. Their terminal destiny becomes specified during the post-germination phase when the rough outline gets refined. The lack of a firm determined state, clonally heritable through mitosis, indicates that the development in plants is unlikely to be specified by a rigid programme. PMID- 3242644 TI - Structure and function of proteins. PMID- 3242645 TI - Structure and carcinogenicity of dibenzo(c,g)carbazole derivatives. AB - The carcinogenicity of several groups of carcinogens is evoked with particular reference to Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole derivatives. The activity of these derivatives is discussed with respect to their species and organ specificity. The enzymatic equipment is decisive as to whether the compounds formed can react with DNA or are simply detoxified and eliminated. All these carcinogens are complete carcinogens, i.e. they have the property of both initiation and promotion. PMID- 3242646 TI - The role of growth factors in breast cancer. A panel discussion. PMID- 3242647 TI - Differential organ tissue adhesion, invasion, and growth properties of metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. AB - Metastatic lines and clones of the rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma have been established that show reproducible spontaneous metastasis from the mammary fat pad to regional lymph node and lung. Poorly (MTC) and highly (MTLn3) metastatic cloned lines derived from tumor growing in the mammary fat pad (MTC) and its spontaneous lung metastasis (MTLn3) were tested in vitro for their abilities to attach to and invade into syngeneic organ tissue and to survive and grow in medium conditioned by target and nontarget syngeneic organ tissues. The highly metastatic MTLn3 cells adhered to and invaded target lung tissue at significantly higher rates than the MTC cells, and bound to and invaded other organ tissues although at lower rates than lung tissue. Similarly, the MTLn3 cells showed significantly higher growth stimulation by lung-conditioned medium than medium conditioned by other tissues. Poorly metastatic MTC cells were not significantly stimulated by any of the organ-conditioned media. The results are consistent with previous proposals that explain preferential organ metastasis in terms of 'seed and soil', and further suggest that metastasis of mammary tumors to specific organ secondary sites is mediated by specific properties, such as those involved in tumor-cell organ-cell adhesion, invasion, and growth. PMID- 3242648 TI - Proliferative index of breast carcinoma by thymidine labeling: prognostic power independent of stage, estrogen and progesterone receptors. AB - We studied cellular proliferation by measuring the tritiated thymidine labeling index (TLI) in slices of primary invasive breast carcinomas. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) were measured by ligand-binding assay. The TLI was a strong independent predictor of survival and relapse-free survival in women with or without axillary lymph nodal metastases and in American Joint Committee stage I. In operable node-negative women treated surgically, predicted survival at 5 years was 89 +/- 4% (probability +/- standard error) for 81 patients with low TLI (less than or equal to 3%), 64 +/- 7% for 101 with mid TLI (3.1-8%), and 66 +/- 6% for 86 with high TLI (greater than 8%) (P = 0.001). Probabilities of survival for patients with positive axillary nodes were 79 +/- 6% for 86 with low, 71 +/- 7% for 71 with mid, and 52 +/- 6% for 89 with high TLI (P = 0.0002). In stage I patients (tumor diameter not exceeding 2 cm), 5-year survival probabilities were 93 +/- 4% in 70 with low, 72 +/- 8% in 43 with mid, and 58 +/- 10% in 35 with high TLI, (P = 0.0005). The TLI was predictive for survival and relapse-free survival within subgroups positive and negative for ER and positive for PgR (P less than 0.05) in stage I patients, and a predictive trend was observed in the PgR-negative subgroup (P = 0.16). TLI also predicted within different categories of vascular invasion and nuclear grade. A stepwise Cox proportional hazards model selected TLI, number of positive axillary lymph nodes, and maximum diameter of the breast carcinoma as independent variables predictive of relapse, and added ER as a fourth variable for prediction of survival. PMID- 3242649 TI - Breast cancer: young, old, and very old. A preliminary report. AB - A new method of characterizing breast carcinomas is presented that may help further our understanding of this disease. A tumour age coefficient is described, derived from tumour diameter and the mean nuclear area of the tumour cells, the latter a measure of tumour growth rate. On this basis a series of 213 operative infiltrating breast carcinomas is divided into 3 tumour age groups (young, old, and very old). These are then related to axillary nodal status and the patient's age at operation. The likelihood of nodal spread is shown to increase with tumour age. This is interpreted as an expression of a build-up of tumours that have spread with time. There was no set tumour age by which metastatic spread could be expected, but some indication of a lower age limit. PMID- 3242650 TI - Androgens inhibit basal and estrogen-induced cell proliferation in the ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cell line. AB - This study describes the inhibitory effect of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) and its precursors testosterone (T) and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (delta 4-DIONE) on the growth of the estrogen-sensitive human breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1. In the absence of estrogens, cell proliferation measured after a 12 day incubation period was 50-60% inhibited by maximal concentrations of 5 alpha DHT, T, or delta 4-DIONE with half-maximal effects (IC50 values) observed at 0.10, 0.15 and 15 nM, respectively. This growth inhibition by androgens was due to an increase in generation time and a lowering of the saturation density of cell cultures. The antiestrogen LY156758 (300 nM) induced 25-30% inhibition of basal cell growth, its effect being additive to that of 5 alpha-DHT. The mitogenic effect of 1 nM estradiol (E2) was completely inhibited by increasing concentrations of 5 alpha-DHT with a potency (IC50 = 0.10 nM) similar to that measured when the androgen was used alone. E2 had a more rapid effect on cell proliferation than 5 alpha-DHT, the latter requiring at least 5 to 6 days to exert significant growth inhibition. As found in the absence of estrogens, maximal inhibition of cell proliferation in the presence of E2 was achieved by the combination of the antiestrogen and 5 alpha-DHT. Supraphysiological concentrations of E2 (up to 1 microM) were needed to completely reverse the growth inhibitory effect of a submaximal concentration of 5 alpha-DHT (1 nM). The antiproliferative effect of androgens was competitively reversed by the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide, thus indicating an androgen receptor-mediated mechanism. The present data suggest the potential benefits of an androgen antiestrogen combination therapy in the endocrine management of breast cancer. PMID- 3242653 TI - EGF receptors in human breast cancer on viable and necrotic tumour cells. PMID- 3242651 TI - Inhibition of postconfluent focus production in cultures of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AB - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent inducer of differentiation and an antiestrogen, is shown to suppress in vitro postconfluent cell accumulation in the estrogen-dependent MCF-7 human breast tumor cell line. This dose-responsive suppression is apparent by 14 days of exposure with an EC50 between 10(-10) and 10(-11) M TCDD, and is characterized by reduced cell density (approximately 60% of controls after 14 days). This was attributed to a reduced formation in TCDD-treated cultures of multicellular foci which are characteristic of cancer cell growth in vitro (less than 1/mm2 compared to control levels of 40/mm2). Preconfluent cell growth and viability of MCF-7 cells is not affected by 10(-9) M TCDD. These results suggest that the principle of TCDD's activity may be useful in the study and possibly the management of estrogen-dependent breast tumors. PMID- 3242652 TI - Hepatic clearance and metabolism in the rat of a human breast cancer associated glycoprotein (GCDFP-15). AB - Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein (GCDFP-15) is a 60,000 dalton glycoprotein isolated from human breast cyst fluid, composed of four 15,000 dalton monomers. Carbohydrate analysis indicates that each monomer has a single carbohydrate chain of the complex type. GCDFP-15 intravenously injected into rats showed a rapid circulatory clearance, the rate of clearance being faster in female animals [t1/2 = 12.8 (+/- 2.0) min. females, and 16.7 (+/- 2.6) min. males]. The major organs of clearance were the liver (70%) and kidneys (15%). Immunoperoxidase staining showed localization in Kupffer cells and the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. Removal of sialic acid from GCDFP-15 resulted in a more rapid clearance (t1/2 = 2.2 min) by the liver (85%). This clearance was inhibited by coinjection of asialo alpha 1 acid glycoprotein. About 3% of GCDFP-15 was excreted in bile with a transit time through the liver of 38 min. Examination of the uptake of GCDFP-15 by isolated rat Kupffer cells showed that yeast mannan, fucosylated BSA, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) failed to inhibit uptake, though the binding of GCDFP-15 was clearly saturable. This suggests that a novel receptor system on the rat Kupffer cell may be responsible for GCDFP-15 clearance. PMID- 3242654 TI - Behaviorally conditioned suppression of mitogen-induced proliferation and immunoglobulin production: effect of time span between conditioning and reexposure to the conditioning stimulus. AB - Rats were subjected to taste aversion conditioning using the immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (CY) as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) paired with saccharin, the conditioned stimulus (CS), and were reexposed to the CS at 2, 5, or 10 days after a single conditioning trial. Twenty-four hours after reexposure the rats were sacrificed and spleen cells assayed for mitogen-induced proliferation and immunoglobulin production. A robust conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was observed irrespective of the day of CS reexposure. However, only conditioned rats reexposed to the CS 2 days after training displayed a conditioned reduction in proliferative responses to PHA and PWM. These rats also exhibited a reduction in the synthesis of IgM, but not IgG or IgA, by spleen cells cultured with PWM. These effects were not observed in conditioned rats reexposed 5 or 10 days after conditioning. In another experiment, rats were subjected to a backward conditioning (UCS prior to CS) training trial, tested 2 days later for the presence of CTA, and sacrificed 24 h later for assessment of immune function as described above. The results of this experiment demonstrated that rats do not develop an aversion to saccharin when it is first presented 4 h after CY, and no alterations in spleen cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production were noted. The data show that the CTA response established by explicit association between CY and saccharin depresses in vitro spleen cell proliferation and IgM production only when elicited shortly after the conditioning trial. PMID- 3242656 TI - Altered cerebral dominance in an atopic population. AB - Handedness was assessed in 853 subjects, 424 from an allergy office practice and 429 from a health screening clinic, using a modified Oldfield Handedness Inventory. Subjects also responded to a survey ascertaining both personal and family histories of allergy-related problems and left-handedness. A significant left-handed shift in mean laterality quotient and an increased incidence of left handedness was found in participants from the allergy office and in subjects who considered themselves to be affected by allergy, allergic rhinitis, and/or asthma. Controlling for nonatopic responders from the allergy office and possibly atopic responders from the health screening clinic, mean laterality quotients were 66.4 +/- 51.6 vs 79.4 +/- 42.1 (p less than .001) and the incidence of left handedness was 12.1% vs 6.8% (p less than .05). Mean laterality quotient of 125 asthmatics was 65.1 +/- 54.0, and 16 (12.8%) were left-handed. The mean percentage of left-handed children of 79 asthmatic parents was found to be increased: 16.7 +/- 26.3% vs 10.3 +/- 21.2% of children of 198 nonatopic parents (p less than .02). This was attributable to left-handed children of asthmatic women, 18.6 +/- 29.0% (p less than .01), but not asthmatic men. Both autonomic neurologic dysfunction and disordered immunoregulation typify atopic disease. Our results can be interpreted to reflect this duality and lend support to Geshwind's hypothesis of a relationship between cerebral dominance and immunologic set resulting from common developmental influences. PMID- 3242655 TI - Neuropsychological correlates of serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by frequent neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations. At least two different pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed for NP-SLE, including vasculitis and antibodies against neuronal antigens, the latter as expressed by the presence of brain cross-reactive lymphocyte antibodies. We have previously reported a high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in SLE which can remain subclinical and which cannot be accounted for on the basis of disease activity, general distress, or steroid medication. In the present study, we undertook the same extensive, standardized neuropsychological testing in 98 consecutive female SLE patients in order to evaluate central nervous system functioning in relation to serum lymphocyte antibodies which were measured at the time of neuropsychological testing by a microcytotoxicity test. A significant association was observed between the presence of serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCA) and cognitive impairment in patients with SLE. The pattern of impairment which predominated in the LCA-positive patients involved deficits in anteriorly associated, primarily visuospatial functions. These findings support the hypothesis of localization of a particular antigen-antibody interaction in the brain in SLE, suggesting the existence of immunological control mechanisms for normal brain functioning. PMID- 3242657 TI - Cyclosporine affects central nervous system opioid activity via direct and indirect means. AB - It is demonstrated that cyclosporine (CsA), a novel fungal-derived immunosuppressive agent, attenuates naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in an unusual dose-dependent manner following direct intracerebroventricular (icv) administration. However, comparison and contrast of this effect of CsA following icv versus ip administration demonstrates that although CsA does alter the severity of withdrawal by a direct effect within the CNS, the agent is most effective when given systemically. It is also demonstrated that CsA alters the electrophysiologic properties of discrete brain nuclei both when given alone and when given concomitant with morphine and naloxone. PMID- 3242658 TI - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applied Mass Spectrometry in the Health Sciences. Barcelona, Spain, 28-30 September 1987. PMID- 3242659 TI - In-depth limitation of the Lamma 500 for the in situ localization of organic compounds in biological embedded tissue samples. AB - The objective of this study was exploration of the potential, offered by the laser microprobe mass spectrometer (LAMMA), for the in situ localization of organic targets in embedded tissues by means of structurally relevant ions. A series of model systems was designed to evaluate stepwise the analytical problems involved. A preliminary screening pointed to the position of the target in comparison to the actual sample surface as a determining parameter. Refined simulations were carried out with sandwich samples, consisting of an epon carrier (thickness 1 micron), coated with microcrystalline targets and covered with a layer between 5 and 50 nm of different materials (epon, carbon, formvar). In addition to the stimulated conversion of molecular into fragment ions, the presence of a barrier leads to a drastic loss of sensitivity (20-50 x) and unacceptable degradation of the mass spectrometric quality (resolution, calibration). PMID- 3242660 TI - Structural characterization of drugs and oxygenated metabolites by laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LAMMA). AB - Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) was used for the structural characterization of polyfunctional drugs and their oxygenated metabolites, in particular the N-oxides. The spectra usually yield the molecular weight as well as intense fragments. The structural information is characteristically distributed between the positive and negative ions. To rationalize the unfamiliar fragmentation, tentative pathways are introduced. Key elements are the formation of odd-electron molecular (and fragment) ions, the correlation between cations and anions, as well as the three-dimensional representation of structures. The combination of mild desorption and abundant fragmentation makes LAMMA a valuable tool in the study of N-oxides. PMID- 3242661 TI - Velocity compaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer for mass range 1000-10,000 mu. PMID- 3242662 TI - Acyl type platelet-activating factor in normal rat uterus determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - 1-Fatty acyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-fatty acyl-2-acetyl GPC, acyl type platelet-activating factor (PAF) was found in normal rat uterus without addition of any exogenous stimuli and identified as 1-palmitoyl, 1-oleoyl and 1 stearoyl species by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry coupled with selected ion monitoring (SIM). The main species was the 1-palmitoyl species. The ions used for SIM were chosen on the basis of the acetyl and fatty acyl moieties and molecular weight. The amount of 1-fatty acyl-2-acetyl GPC was significantly more than that of PAF (1-fatty alkyl-2-acetyl GPC, AGEPC), and the ratio of 1 palmitoyl-2-acetyl GPC to 1-0-hexadecyl-2-acetyl GPC was about 4.5:1 in normal rat uterus. PMID- 3242664 TI - Identification of amino acids in the fast atom bombardment mass spectra of peptides. AB - The low-mass region (less than m/z 200) in the positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectra of peptides generally contains sufficient information for amino acid identification. PMID- 3242663 TI - Analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of conjugated metabolites of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. AB - Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was given to guinea pigs and mice and its metabolites were isolated from urine. A procedure consisting of sorbent extraction, ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used in the purification scheme. The metabolites were analysed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. It is concluded that the purification procedure is very mild and that fast atom bombardment is a useful ionization technique for intact conjugates of metabolites of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. PMID- 3242665 TI - Isomer-specific determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related compounds in human fat and food. AB - An analytical procedure for the isomer-specific quantification of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in samples of human and animal origin is described. It consists of a large-scale clean-up including various kinds of column chromatography and high-resolution gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric quantification referring to internal 13C-labelled standards. By additional application of gel-permeation chromatography and the use of a retention gap, detection limits in the low ppq range (10(-15) were achieved. PMID- 3242666 TI - Capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of intact fatty acyl esters of pregnane steroids. AB - Synthetic long-chain fatty acyl esters of pregnenolone and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha pregnan-20-one (5 alpha-pregnanolone) were submitted to gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Analyses were readily performed using short (8 12 m) flexible fused-silica capillary columns coated with thin films of immobilized apolar stationary phase (e.g. OV-1 type). The electron impact (EI) mass spectra were found to be of limited value for structure investigations, as molecular ions (M+.) were either weak or absent. EI spectra also lacked characteristic fatty acyl fragment ions. In contrast, negative ion ammonia chemical ionization produced characteristic [M-H]- ions and diagnostic fragment ions. The application of the above methods to biochemical investigations is exemplified by GC/MS analysis of the steroidal fatty acyl esters in extracts of bovine adrenal tissue, and the metabolites produced by incubating starfish (Asterias rubens) testicular tissue with exogenous progesterone. PMID- 3242667 TI - Determination of trace organic compounds in effluents from a coal-fired power plant. AB - Solid and gaseous emissions from a power plant fired with South African coal and maintained at full load (320 MWe) were characterized for their composition in polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and n-alkanes (n-A). 25 n-A (from C12 to C36) and 34 PAH (from naphthalene to coronene) were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Samples were collected in different points of the plant: the bottom hopper of the boiler, the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) hopper and the ductwork system before and after the ESP. The pulverized coal was also analysed by the same procedure in order to find any correlation with the composition of emissions. PAH concentration profiles of the coal and the combustion products, which will be useful for evaluation of environmental impact, were obtained. PMID- 3242668 TI - Stable isotopes as probes for the metabolism of acetanilide in man and the rat. AB - Acetanilide with the three hydrogens of the acetyl group replaced by deuterium was administered to 9 human volunteers (50 mg p.o.) and 5 male Sprague-Dawley rats (10 mg kg-1 p.o. and 100 mg kg-1 p.o.) and urine samples collected for 8 and 48 h, respectively. Capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine if the major metabolite was deuterated paracetamol or a mixture of this compound with paracetamol produced by deacetylation followed by reacetylation. Acetyl group exchange of the parent compound was also studied. Conjugates of the metabolite were hydrolysed and the free compound derivatized to an O-propionyl ester before GC/MS analysis. Paracetamol containing no deuterated acetyl group was detected in all studies, together with the labelled metabolite. The mean ratio of deuterated to unlabelled paracetamol in man was approximately 8:1 and was independent of acetylator status. The acetyl group exchange measured in the rat was time-dependent but was always significantly higher than in man. The mean ratios of deuterated to unlabelled paracetamol in urine samples collected 0-4 h and 24-48 h after administration of the higher trideuteroacetanilide dose to the rats were approximately 2:1 and 4:1, respectively. PMID- 3242670 TI - Characterization of trichothecenes by tandem mass spectrometry using reactive collisions with ammonia. AB - The use of low-energy (7 eV Elab) reactive collisions with ammonia provides a highly specific method for the characterization of trichothecenes since the collisions between the protonated molecule and ammonia not only produce ions formed by collisionally activated dissociation but ammonium adduct ions and ions formed by substitution reactions. The good detection limits (20-300 pg) and good quantitative reproducibility (relative standard deviations are 5-10%) mean that the use of reactive collisions with ammonia is also very suitable for monitoring and quantitative analyses. PMID- 3242669 TI - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric strategies for characterizing carbohydrate-containing biopolymers. AB - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric methodologies for carbohydrate structure determination are intimately linked to classical procedures such as derivatization and hydrolysis. This paper reviews the current status of carbohydrate fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and reports on two new protocols which we are using to optimize sensitivity and fragmentation. PMID- 3242671 TI - Analysis of lyso-platelet activating factor by negative ion gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the nitrobenzal acetal derivatives. AB - This paper describes the methods that have been employed for the quantification of platelet activating factor (PAF) and its principal metabolite, in biological matrices. In plasma PAF is rapidly hydrolysed to lyso-PAF, which is also the major precursor of PAF. Measurement of lyso-PAF has been accomplished by mass spectrometric methods using cyclic acetal derivatives of the alkyl glycerol produced after removal of the polar head group. We describe the preparation of a novel electron capture derivative for this glycerol and its behaviour under electron impact and negative ion mass spectrometry. High sensitivities have been achieved using the procedures described here. PMID- 3242672 TI - Octafluorotoluene as a derivatizing agent for steroids in human plasma. AB - The use of octafluorotoluene (OFT) as a versatile gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric derivatizing agent for steroids containing alcoholic, phenolic or alpha, beta-unsaturated keto functions, is described. Two distinct derivatizing schemes can be utilized, involving (method 1) a phase-transfer reaction, employing a two-phase system of CH2Cl2 and N NaOH with n-Bu4NHSO4 as catalyst (suitable for alcoholic and phenolic steroids) and (method 2) a reaction conducted in anhydrous dimethylformamide at 155 degrees C with CsF as base (appropriate for alpha, beta-unsaturated keto steroids). Perfluorotolyl (PFT) ethers and/or enol ethers have thus been generated. The electron impact spectra display abundant high-mass molecular ions where derivatization has occurred at a phenolic or enolic function. An extraction, derivatization and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric scheme has been devised involving method 2 for the analysis of steroids in human plasma. A preliminary quantitative investigation of the levels of testosterone in plasma has been carried out employing these methods. The anomalously high level found is explained in terms of the presence in plasma of lipid-soluble derivatives of testosterone (probably fatty acid esters) which generate the testosterone bis-OFT derivative under the reaction conditions employed. PMID- 3242673 TI - Thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of prostaglandin methyl ester derivatives: application to the determination of prostaglandins E2 and D2 in rat gastric mucosa. AB - Methyl ester derivatives of 6-keto prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha, PGF 2 alpha, PGE2 and PGD2 as well as methyl oximes of 6-keto PGF1 alpha, PGE2 and PGD2 have been analysed by thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. These compounds are eluted in a gradient of ammonium acetate buffer-acetonitrile at pH 3.4 using a 5 micron ODS-2 reversed-phase column. The mass spectral patterns of the PG derivatives are discussed relative to those of non-derivatized PGs. In general, the methyl ester derivatives show better characteristics than the non-derivatized PGs for the analysis of these compounds in a biological matrix, both from a chromatographic as well as from a mass spectrometric standpoint. Detection limits between 100 and 600 pg on-column can be achieved. Response curves in the selected ion monitoring mode for PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and PGD2 are linear in the range from 100 pg to 10 ng. The technique has been applied to the analysis of PGE2 and PGD2 in rat gastric mucosa. PMID- 3242674 TI - An assay for 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoxaline and 2-amino-3,4,8 trimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline in fried beef using capillary column gas chromatography electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay has been developed for the simultaneous measurement of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) in fried beef. The method employs capillary column gas chromatography, electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry and a stable isotope labelled analogue of MeIQx as common internal standard. Two patties of lean minced beef which had been cooked separately were analysed and found to contain both compounds (patty 1:2.4 ng MeIQx g-1 meat, 1.2 ng DiMeIQx g-1 meat; patty 2:1.3 ng MeIQx g-1 meat, 0.5 ng DiMeIQx g-1 meat). Neither compound was present in the meat prior to cooking. PMID- 3242676 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of testosterone propionate using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion monitoring. AB - A sensitive and accurate method for the quantitative estimation of testosterone propionate in human plasma was developed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion monitoring. The method employing stable isotopically labelled testosterone propionate as tracer was employed to follow the time course of plasma testosterone propionate and its active metabolite testosterone in normal men. Intramuscularly administered (19,19,19-2H3)testosterone propionate was readily transferred from the injection site to systemic circulation. Plasma (19,19,19-2H3)testosterone levels were maintained above the physiological testosterone level for 48 h, while plasma levels of endogenous testosterone changed little. PMID- 3242675 TI - Characterization and sequencing of normal and modified oligonucleotides by 252Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry. AB - Plasma desorption (PD) mass spectra of normal deoxyribo-oligonucleotides and of neutral methylphosphonate deoxyribo-oligonucleosides are examined and discussed. Molecular ions of oligonucleotides up to nonamer have been observed for neutral species. It is also shown that PD mass spectra can be used to monitor chemical modifications of oligonucleotides, such as the covalent binding of an organic fluorescent probe, along the synthesis process. PMID- 3242677 TI - Cesium ion liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry of membrane-bound glycoproteins: structural and topological considerations of acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. AB - We report mass mapping of a large (270 kD) multisubunit membrane bound glycoprotein, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica, using enzymic digests of the affinity purified whole receptor and cesium ion liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry. Peptides, glycopeptides and derivatized N-linked oligosaccharides were isolated by HPLC and identified by LSIMS. We have shown that mass spectrometric sensitivity is improved a hundred-fold through use of computer-controlled mass window stepping of an electro-optical multichannel array detection system on a LSIMS double focusing mass spectrometer. This new method permitted determination of the complete fragmentation pattern of Man8N2-ABEE using only 5 picomoles of sample. PMID- 3242678 TI - A selected ion monitoring assay for triclosan in medical waste water. AB - A method for determinations of triclosan (TCS) and hexachlorophene (HCP) disinfectants in medical waste water by selected ion monitoring (SIM) using bithionol (BTN) as an internal standard compound has been developed. The method consists of the following procedures. (i) TCS and HCP in medical waste water were extracted and purified by an Extrelut column with ethyl acetate. (ii) The eluted TCS, HCP and BTN were converted to trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives with N,O bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide-ethyl acetate (1:4). (iii) The TMS derivatives of TCS, HCP and BTN were identified and determined by SIM. Recoveries of these compounds added to medical waste water were more than 88% in amounts ranging from 1 to 10 micrograms. In the waters from our medical waste water treatment plant, TCS and HCP concentrations were found to be 0.43-8.01 and 0.24 4.69 micrograms l-1, respectively. The present method is superior to the pre existing ones in quick separation, specificity and sensitivity. PMID- 3242679 TI - Analysis of urinary organic acids by Plasmaspray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography is being used increasingly as a screening method to detect organic acid-urias, an important group of inherited metabolic disorders. Analysis is hampered by lack of a suitable specific detection system. We have carried out preliminary investigations to assess the potential value of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with a plasmaspray interface. Spectra of standard acids yielded intense [M-H]- ions with little fragmentation. Organic acids could not be identified in urine samples from healthy neonates because of poor sensitivity. However, urine from a baby with the inherited disorder methylmalonic aciduria showed a distinct peak of methylmalonic acid, easily identified owing to its high sample concentration. PMID- 3242680 TI - Tandem mass spectrometry in vitamin E analysis. AB - Tandem mass spectrometry is applied to the tocopherols and representative tocotrienols of the vitamin E family. The collision-induced dissociation/mass analysed ion kinetic energy spectra generated from three ions in the electron impact ionization spectra of 5,7,8-trimethyltocol, 5,7,8-trimethyltocotrienol, 5,7-, 5,8- and 7,8-dimethyltocol and 7,8-dimethyltocotrienol are described. The technique allowed direct physical characterization of each class of tocochromanol, and in the case of monomethyltocols differentiation of 5 methyltocol from the 7- and 8-methyltocol isomers, and its value in analysis of biological tissue extracts is established. PMID- 3242681 TI - Location of disulphide bonds in human insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) synthesized by recombinant DNA technology. AB - Natural human insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I is a relatively large single chain peptide (mol. wt 7649) with a known sequence of 70 amino acids. C6----C48, C47----C52 and C18----C61 assignments have been previously proposed for the three disulphide bonds linking six cysteine residues (C6, C18, C47, C48, C52 and C61), on the basis of analogy (and homology) with proinsulin. In this work, IGF I synthesized by recombinant DNA technology (r-IGF I, with identical biological activity and chromatographic behaviour) was subjected to a three-step mass spectrometric analysis in combination with degradation methods for structural verification. Firstly, the correct molecular weight of the intact peptide was determined by high-mass fast atom bombardment (FAB) analysis. Secondly, twofold enzymatic degradation (chymotrypsin followed by V8 protease, 'FAB mapping' of the cleavage products) was employed in order that fragments with 'isolated' S-S bonds would be produced which allow an unambiguous assignment. This immediately established the C18----C61 linkage as it was contained in a singly bridged two chain peptide. The two other S-S bonds, which cross-link C6 and the 'tight' C47 to C52 segment, remained 'unresolved' within a more complex, doubly bridged triple-chain peptide. Thirdly, further degradation of this structural block, in which cleavage of the C47-C48 bond was required to discern these bonds, was carried out by using FAB tandem mass spectrometry and (for additional corroboration) manual Edman degradation. Both procedures confirmed the original C6----C48/C47----C52 prediction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242682 TI - Glucose recycling and production in children with glycogen storage disease type I, studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and (U-13C)glucose. AB - Glucose recycling and production were determined in plasma of three children with glycogen storage disease type I (GSD-I) in comparison to normal children. A primed-constant infusion of (U-13C)glucose was introduced nasogastrically at different rates. Endogenous glucose production rates were found to be correlated with rates of glucose infusion. A range of glucose production of 3.5-1.8 mg kg-1 min-1 was found when glucose infusion rates increased from 0.13 to 6 mg kg-1 min 1. The isotopomer distribution of the infused (U-13C)glucose and the plasma glucose in GSD-I children, measured by chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, were identical, indicating absence of glucose recycling. However, a significant change in the isotopomer distribution of plasma glucose was observed in normal subjects. It is suggested that the origin of endogenous glucose production in GSD-I children, during (U-13C)glucose infusion, is from non-labelled sources. The absence of glucose recycling is indicative of a deficiency of glucose 6-phosphatase activity in the liver of GSD-I patients. PMID- 3242683 TI - Determination of cortisol in human plasma by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. AB - Cortisol selectively labelled with 2H at the 19-methyl and the C-1 position (cortisol-d5) was synthesized and used as an internal standard in stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry in order to determine cortisol in human plasma. A capillary gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method provided a sensitive and reliable technique with good accuracy, precision and reproducibility without complex corrections for contributions by using cortisol-d5 as an internal standard. For calculation of plasma cortisol, peak areas were measured by selected ion monitoring on the characteristic fragment ions of the dimethoxime tri(trimethylsilyl) derivatives of cortisol and cortisol-d5 (m/z 605 and 610, respectively). The sensitivity of the gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay was 1.02 ng per injection, with a signal-to-noise ratio of about 6. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation for plasma sample were 3.07% and 1.77%, respectively. PMID- 3242684 TI - Collisionally activated decomposition of modified peptides using a tandem hybrid instrument. AB - Analyses are described of small peptides and related compounds using a tandem hybrid mass spectrometer of BEQQ geometry. Collisionally activated decomposition of [M + H]+ ions, generated by fast atom bombardment, was performed in the radio frequency (rf)-only quadrupole. Interpretation of fragmentation was greatly facilitated by analysis of labeled analogs, obtained by 18O exchange of carboxyl oxygens. N-Acetylation was also valuable although significant changes in fragmentation resulted from derivatization. Daughter ion spectra of [M + H]+ ions of angiotensin III showed diagnostic fragmentations throughout the peptide chain. PMID- 3242685 TI - Stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry for the diagnostic study of histidinaemia. AB - Stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry for a diagnosis to detect the heterozygote state of histidinaemia has been developed. We have synthesized L-[3 15N, 5,beta,beta-2H3]histidine (histidine-[M + 4]) for use as a biological internal standard and DL-[1,3-15N2, 5,alpha,beta,beta-2H4]histidine (histidine-[M + 6]) as an analytical internal standard. For the gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay of stable isotopically substituted histidine in human plasma, histidine was derivatized to alpha N-trifluoroacetyl-imN-ethoxycarbonylhistidine n-butyl ester. Quantification was carried out by selected ion monitoring on the molecular ions (m/z 379, 383 and 385) of the respective gas chromatographic derivatives of non-labelled histidine, histidine-[M + 4] and histidine-[M + 6]. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 5-2000 ng ml-1 plasma (r = 0.9999). The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were in the range 1.1-3.9%. The sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy of the method were demonstrated to be satisfactory for application to a pharmacokinetic study of histidine after administration of a trace amount of stable isotopically substituted histidine in man. PMID- 3242686 TI - Analysis of fatty acids by negative ion gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: structural correlations between alpha-mycolic acid chains and delta 5-monounsaturated fatty acids from Mycobacterium phlei. AB - The analysis of a complex mixture of monounsaturated fatty acids from mycobacterium phlei is achieved by capillary gas chromatographic separation of their pentafluorobenzyl esters, formation of gas-phase carboxylate anions by electron capture ionization and decomposition of these anions by collision activation. This method allows the structural determination of fatty acid isomers by examination of their collisionally activated dissociation mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectra. A good correlation is observed between the structure of the unsaturated fatty acids ranging from C24 to C27 and the methyl terminal part of the main chain of diunsaturated mycolic acids. PMID- 3242687 TI - Analysis of retinoids by direct exposure probe mass spectrometry. AB - Recently, our laboratory has investigated the depletion of Vitamin A and its metabolites in experimental animals. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure retinal oxidase activity by monitoring the conversion of retinaldehyde (RALD) to retinoic acid (ROIC). In order to obtain more information about these compounds, a Direct Exposure Probe mass spectrometric method was developed to confirm the presence of ROIC and RALD in HPLC peaks. A rapid negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) method using ammonia as reagent gas was developed to detect the presence of ROIC and RALD with picogram sensitivity. The ROIC and RALD peaks were collected from HPLC, extracted with hexane, evaporated under nitrogen and reconstituted in ethanol before placing onto a rhenium filament with current programmed from 0-1.3 A at 50 mA/sec. The instrument employed was a Finnigan 4510 operated in the NICI mode and scanned from m/z 100 650 with a source temperature of 80 C. Other parameters were electron energy 140 eV and filament current at 0.25 mA. Prominent ions were generated at m/z 284 and m/z 300 for RALD and ROIC which were subsequently monitored in the selected ion monitoring mode. In summary, we have developed a rapid retinoid identification method (2.5 minutes) which is more sensitive (pg vs ng) than HPLC and does not require elaborate sample preparation or derivitization. This method can be used as an important adjunct to HPLC enzyme studies. PMID- 3242688 TI - Analysis of the pentafluorobenzoyl derivative of phenylethylamine utilizing negative ion chemical ionization and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - A negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectrometric procedure has been developed to measure phenylethylamine in human urine as the pentafluorobenzoyl derivative. The aromatic amine was isolated from alkaline urine by hexane and ethyl acetate extraction followed by a back-extraction into diluted acid. The acid extract was lyophilized and the residue derivatized with (2,3,4,5,6) pentafluorobenzoyl chloride. Quantification was achieved by comparing the peak areas of the [M-HF]- ion to a ratio of internal and external standards. The phenylethylamine levels excreted by normal subjects and patients with phenylketonuria were found to be consistent with previous reports. PMID- 3242689 TI - Mass spectrometry of L-beta-aspartamido carbohydrates isolated from ovalbumin. AB - Using ovalbumin as a starting material, we have isolated and purified relatively large stocks of known glycopeptides for use as models with which to investigate and develop mass spectrometric procedures for the analysis of this class of compounds. In the process, we have discovered six new components in the L-beta aspartamido carbohydrate fraction of ovalbumin. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment mass spectra, produced on a KRATOS MS50-TC, confirm that the newly found chromatographic peaks correspond to as yet unidentified compounds in the molecular weight range of 1000-3000. Fragment ion peaks present in the mass spectra of some of the unknown compounds can be rationalized in terms of the fragment ion patterns established from the structures of the known glycoasparagines. PMID- 3242690 TI - Application of thermospray/high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to the identification of glutathione conjugates derived from bioactive epoxides. AB - Thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) in the positive ion mode has proven to be a useful technique for analysing different synthetic models of potential metabolites of 3,4-epoxyprecocene II (1), the postulated bioactive epoxide responsible for the cytotoxic activity exhibited by precocenes on a variety of insect and mammal tissues. Thus, whereas standards of the glutathione adducts 3a afforded poor responses, the corresponding cysteine (3b) and N-acetylcysteine (3c) derivatives gave defined spectral patterns and good sensitivity levels, particularly when analysed as methyl esters. Likewise, 3,4-dihydrodiols (2) also afforded satisfactory responses. In all cases, the peak at m/z 237, assigned to the stabilized electrophilic oxybenzopyranyl species which results from the loss of the sulphur or oxygen substituent at C(4), was present. Finally, the incubation of racemic epoxide (1) with rat liver cytosolic fraction, followed by enzymatic degradation and further thermospray HPLC/MS analysis of the resulting methylated cysteine derivatives, allowed the identification, for the first time in a biological matrix, of the pairs of cis and trans glutathione conjugates (3a). PMID- 3242691 TI - Ion mobility spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometric characterization of dimenhydrinate. AB - Positive and negative ion mobility spectra of dimenhydrinate are presented, and the calculated reduced mobility (K0) values for the most significant peaks are reported. Mass identification of the ionic species associated with the peaks in the ion mobility spectra was achieved by interfacing the ion mobility spectrometer to a mass spectrometer. The application of ion mobility spectrometry to the detection of dimenhydrinate and other drug residues on the hands of patients admitted to hospital with drug overdose is also discussed. PMID- 3242692 TI - Detection and quantification of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: diclofenac. AB - A sensitive and reliable gas chromatography/mass spectrometric assay for diclofenac in plasma using selected ion monitoring is described. The procedure is based on the acidic extraction of diclofenac and ketoprofen (internal standard) with toluene. Both compounds are converted into their ethyl ester derivatives with ethanol containing 0.5% (v/v) sulphuric acid. No internal cyclization to indolone side product is produced in these conditions. The ions monitored are m/z 214 for diclofenac and m/z 209 for ketoprofen. The main recovery of diclofenac added to plasma has been estimated around 84.6% (120 ng ml-1, n = 4). The intra assay and inter-assay variability were 1.9% and 10.3%, respectively. The sensitivity was lower than 2 ng ml-1. The applicability of the assays to study the bioavailability of two formulations in a multiple-dosage trial is described. The method has been used in more than 600 determinations without any interference. PMID- 3242693 TI - Potential of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for trace element metabolism studies in man. AB - A new inorganic mass spectrometric technique is described which allows sensitive, rapid and economic determination of trace element concentrations and isotope ratios in aqueous samples. This paper illustrates the potential of the technique in one particular application area, namely the measurement of strontium isotope ratios in human blood and urine following ingestion of an enriched stable strontium isotope. The data from a human volunteer experiment illustrate the viability of the analytical method, with measurement precisions of +/- 0.2% (1 sigma) achieved for the isotope ratio in urine samples, which contained approximately 300 ng 86Sr in the volume required for analysis. Measurement precision is limited by counting statistics. PMID- 3242694 TI - Tandem mass spectrometric studies of the fragmentation of penicillins and their metabolites. AB - The fragmentation of two penicillins, ampicillin and amoxicillin, and their principal metabolites has been studied by a combination of liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. A high resolution tandem mass spectrometer was used to obtain chemical ionization, fast atom bombardment, and collision-induced dissociation mass spectra. Structural information and fragmentation mechanisms have been deduced from ions in the mass and collision spectra. This knowledge is useful in the analysis and identification of metabolites of ampicillin and related drugs in human body fluids. PMID- 3242695 TI - Application of fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry to the identification of organic micropollutants in water. AB - Organic compounds in raw and drinking water, not amenable to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, were characterized by fast atom bombardment (FAB) and collision-induced decomposition/mass-analysed ion kinetic energy (CID/MIKE) spectrometry. Anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants were successfully identified by comparison of their FAB spectrum and CID/MIKE of prominent ions with commercial standards. Organic dyes were spiked to water extracts and the detection limit for some of them reported. PMID- 3242696 TI - Identification of some abnormal haemoglobins by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry. AB - The characterization of two abnormal human haemoglobins by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mapping is presented. The first variant, called 'R', exhibits a tryptic FAB map identical to that of normal haemoglobin. However, using Staphylococcus protease V8, a peptide containing the carboxyl end of the beta-chain exhibits a mass shift down to 300 mass units. This clearly indicates the deletion of the two last amino acids of the beta-chain. The second variant, called 'Grenoble', is due to two different modifications of the beta-chain. The location of the Pro----Ser exchange on peptide T5 is achieved by the collisionally activated dissociation mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectra of the corresponding [MH]+ ion. The m/z value of that peptide indicated a supplementary acid----amide modification, which was located by amino acid sequencing using chemical methods. This work concludes with the necessity of using complementary methods for achieving rapid determinations of abnormal proteins with minute amounts. PMID- 3242697 TI - Soft ionization techniques in mass spectrometry of distamycin and some analogues. AB - The results obtained using three different soft ionization techniques (field desorption (FD), fast atom bombardment (FAB) and desorption chemical ionization (DCI] on the antiviral antibiotic distamycin and on some analogues are reported. FAB mass spectra show more intense molecular ion and more regular fragmentation while FD and DCI mass spectra are dominated by thermally originated fragments. Information furnished by the three systems are different and complementary. PMID- 3242698 TI - Determination of polynuclear aromatic compounds in composted municipal refuse and compost-amended soils by a simple clean-up procedure. AB - A rapid and reproducible procedure suitable for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in sludges and soil samples has been developed. The PACs are isolated by ultrasonic extraction with methyl chloride, redissolution of the crude extract in isooctane and clean-up of the PAC-containing fraction by chromatography on alumina micro-columns. After separation and quantitative determination of the various PACs by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, more than 50 PAC compounds which cover a wide range of concentrations were detected in the sludge samples. The most abundant compounds were mono-, di- and trimethyl derivatives of naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, dibenzethiophene and naphthothiophene. No accumulation of PAC in an agricultural soil after an experiment of compost application over three years was observed. PMID- 3242699 TI - Investigation of field desorption mass spectral behaviour of prostaglandins for their determination in biological fluids. AB - Field desorption (FD) mass spectrometry was applied to the determination of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in urine. Studies on synthetic compounds showed that methyl esters are stable under FD mass spectrometric conditions. The ester of PGE2 gives rise to protonated molecular ions and fragments due to the elimination of water and the side chains C8H14O and C8H12O2. This behaviour enabled its determination in the nanogram per millilitre range. PMID- 3242700 TI - Piperidine ester derivatives in mass spectrometric analysis of fatty acids from human serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. AB - When fatty acids with unknown structural features are confronted in mass spectral analyses of complex mixtures the cleavage pattern from the widely used methyl ester derivatives is not always sufficiently informative. Their mass spectra often contain only weak signals for the parent or any other characteristic ions. Hence the advantages of piperidides were explored and compared with methyl esters in the structure elucidation of fatty acids from human serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. After separation with thin-layer chromatography the fractions were extracted and subjected to alkaline hydrolysis. Methyl esters were prepared using HCl-methanol. Piperidides were obtained by converting the fatty acids first to acyl chlorides via interaction with thionyl chloride and then to piperidyl carboxylates by action with 3-(hydroxymethyl)-N-methylpiperidine. The piperidide derivatives were found more suitable than the methyl esters for the structural analysis of fatty acids because the chain structure can be diagnostically examined according to the specific fragmentation induced by the radical cleavage. PMID- 3242701 TI - Simultaneous thermal analysis/mass spectrometric detection of biological hazards. AB - A simultaneous working TA-MS instrument has been used to investigate the thermal behaviour and the decomposition of a series of toxic organic compounds such as flame protected polymers and chlorine-substituted aromatic products that are known to be injurious to health. The temperature-dependent TA-MS data given by the TG, DTG, DTA and MS results lead to a nearly complete description of the degradation properties of the materials. This includes the identification of the main decomposition components by means of in situ quadrupole MS ranging up to 511 a.m.u. The maximum working temperature of the coupling system with 1400 K has proved to be sufficient for the applications reported in this paper. From our investigations of hexa(penta)chlorobenzene and pentachlorophenol it can be concluded that there is a good correlation between the characteristic TA data and the course of the ion current intensities as a function of temperature. This can be shown for each detected mass fragment containing different numbers of chlorine atoms as well as for the molecular ions according to the relative abundance of their isotopes. PMID- 3242702 TI - Direct chemical ionization-pattern recognition: characterization of bacteria and body fluid profiling. AB - Direct chemical ionization is ideally suited for profiling purposes because it is a relatively soft ionization method, easy to operate, reproducible and with a high sample throughput. Moreover, for non-volatile matrices the method combines pyrolysis with an optimal pyrolysate transfer to the ionization region enabling the detection of high molecular weight compounds. Application of the technique to urine analysis of women with a premenstrual syndrome and characterization of Salmonella bacteria illustrates its usefulness. Optimal information extraction from the profiles is, because of their complex nature, only possible using pattern recognition techniques. A new approach based on the data analysis of trend spectra is discussed. PMID- 3242703 TI - Sequence effect on the slow degradations of dinucleotides by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry. AB - The mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectrum of isomeric dinucleotides having dTpdU and dUpdT structure is characterized by the preferred elimination of the pyrimidine base linked to the 5' end deoxyribose unit. Similar results have been obtained with differently substituted dimers such as dCpdT and DMTdTp(S)dU. The observed selectivity in the glycosidic bond dissociation provides a straightforward criterion for the sequencing of the sampled species. PMID- 3242704 TI - Mass spectrometric investigation of the temperature dependence of gas transport through a human body to the lungs. AB - This paper shows the results of the experiment on gas dynamic transport of helium from outside through the skin to the lungs of man in conditions of changing temperature and humidity of surroundings. The apparatus includes: an elastic bag in which the whole subject can be saturated by helium; a heating and refrigerating system; a respiratory system; an introduction system to the mass spectrometer; and a mass spectrometer with an ion detector of high sensitivity. The temperature of the surroundings varied from 24 degrees C up to 44 degrees C and humidity varied from 50% up to 95%. The temperature of skin varied from 25 degrees C up to 37 degrees C. Also the temperature oscillations of the period from 1 to 3 min were generated. In effect, those oscillations corresponded with the oscillations of He concentration in the expired air. At the higher level of humidity of the surroundings, a higher concentration of helium in the expired air was observed. At 100% He concentration in the bag, the minimal He concentration in the expired air was 40 ppm and maximal 110 ppm. In the opinion of the authors the thermoregulation system in the body of the subject played a significant role in the observed process of gas transport. PMID- 3242705 TI - Fast atom bombardment mass spectra of various peptides from sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein. AB - The sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus is a calciprotein. The primary structure of this protein has been determined. Tryptic digestion of the denaturated protein followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic separation identified essentially eight peptides. The structure of these peptides has been confirmed after amino acid analysis by fast atom bombardment spectra in positive mode. PMID- 3242706 TI - Applications of fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry. AB - The application of fast atom bombardment combined with tandem mass spectrometry to the structure elucidation of carcinogen-modified oligonucleotides, glutathione, cysteine and N-acetyl cysteine conjugates of exogenous toxins and chemically modified peptides is described. PMID- 3242707 TI - Applications of tandem mass spectrometry to the characterization of derivatized glutathione conjugates. Studies with S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)glutathione, a metabolite of the antineoplastic agent N-methylformamide. AB - Daughter ion spectra are reported for [M + H]+ ions generated by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)glutathione (1) and a series of alkoxycarbonyl methyl ester derivatives thereof. Structurally informative, even-electron fragment ions, which serve to define the nature of both the xenobiotic and peptide components of the conjugate, are observed in the collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) spectra of 1 and its ethoxy- and benzyloxycarbonyl methyl esters. Studies with the t-butyloxycarbonyl (tBOC) methyl ester derivative, on the other hand, indicated that the tBOC group exerts a powerful directing influence on the CAD process, and that the major daughter ions in this case are associated with cleavage of the tBOC functionality itself and are of little diagnostic value. Of the derivatives examined, the benzyloxycarbonyl congener, which may be generated readily from 1 in aqueous media, is judged to be the most useful from the standpoints of ease of formation, desirable high-performance liquid chromatographic properties, and informative mass spectral fragmentation characteristics under CAD conditions. PMID- 3242708 TI - Mass spectrometry in diagnosis of metabolic disorders. AB - Mass spectrometry is an important part of multicomponent analytical systems designed for diagnosis of metabolic disorders. In our laboratory capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with computerized library search is used primarily to separate and identify urinary organic acids. About 50 different diseases with increased excretion of organic acids are recognized today. Other techniques, including thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector, automatic amino acid analysis and two dimensional electrophoresis are used to detect other compounds of diagnostic significance. The diagnostic use of GC/MS is exemplified by studies on two siblings. One died of his disease at approximately 1 year old. Both excreted 3 hydroxydicarboxylic acids (C8-C12) as identified by mass spectrometry. These metabolites are secondary to systemic carnitine deficiency. Low-fat diet normalized the clinical condition of the surviving sibling. GC/MS is now used to monitor the efficacy of dietary treatment by analysing the dicarboxylic acid excretion in this patient. Modern DNA technology is rapidly becoming increasingly important for diagnosis, particularly prenatal diagnosis, of metabolic diseases. It is suggested, however, that mass spectrometry will continue to be an important diagnostic tool for many years ahead. PMID- 3242709 TI - The use of mass spectrometry in assessing the physiological states in preterm and term infants. PMID- 3242711 TI - Why do doping control labs need a tandem mass spectrometer? AB - The International Olympic Committee requires a confirmation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for all positive doping cases. Because of the severe consequences involved they should be more specific about the required information and determine the differences allowed. The use of tandem mass spectrometry in dope control should be required before the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992. This article shows the power of tandem mass spectrometry in the definite identification of a drug. PMID- 3242710 TI - Detergent and ion-pair extraction of bile acids in liver tissue for analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. AB - Methods for detergent and ion-pair extraction and group separation of bile salts in liver tissue using decyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTMAB), Lipidex 1000 and octadecyl-bonded silica were studied. Samples of rat liver were homogenized in 0.1 M DTMAB and the supernatants were diluted to 0.03 M DTMAB and passed through a column of Lipidex 1000/Sep-Pak C18. After washing with water, the bile salts were eluted with 70% aqueous methanol. The recovery of endogenous bile acids labelled with 14C in vivo was quantitative. Part of the extracted lipids and remaining DTMAB was removed by a second extraction on Sep-Pak C18, resulting in 84% recovery of bile acids in an extract suitable for analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The amount of extract required for this analysis corresponded to 5-10 mg of rat liver tissue. The ion-pairs of unconjugated and conjugated mono-, di- and trihydroxy bile acids could be separated into groups by reversed-phase chromatography on mu Bondapak C18 prior to mass spectrometric analysis. PMID- 3242712 TI - Use of mass spectrometry in the identification of in vivo and in vitro metabolites of dihydrotachysterol3 in the rat. AB - The metabolism of dihydrotachysterol3 (DHT3), a vitamin D analogue, has been investigated in vivo in the rat after intraperitoneal injection, and the metabolism of the 25-hydroxylated metabolite of DHT3 was studied in vitro in the isolated perfused rat kidney. A large number of metabolites have been obtained and some have been identified. The rat plasma or kidney perfusate were extracted and the metabolites separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in straight- and reverse-phase systems and using cyano columns. Metabolites were identified, using a photodiode array assembly which monitored the HPLC eluate, by the characteristic ultraviolet spectrum of DHT compounds. Tentative structures were assigned to some of the metabolites obtained on the basis of their mobility in the various HPLC systems used in comparison to that of known metabolites of vitamin D. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and direct probe mass spectrometry have been used to confirm the identity of seven metabolites formed in vitro, of which only two have been definitely shown also to be formed in vivo. GC/MS was carried out after derivatization forming trimethylsilyl ethers, n-butyl boronate cyclic esters, and N-O-methyl oximes before and after oxidation with sodium periodate and/or reduction with sodium borohydride. Molecular ions of these compounds are usually of low abundance and characteristic mass fragments at m/z 273, 255 and 121 are always seen with metabolites of DHT. PMID- 3242713 TI - Applications of plasma desorption mass spectrometry in peptide and protein chemistry. AB - Molecular weight determination by plasma desorption (PD) mass spectrometry has been used in the different stages of protein sequence determination. It has been found to be a very valuable addition to the traditional techniques. For analysis in biotechnological development and production PD mass spectrometry meets the requirements for speed, precision and mass range. The amount of information can be increased by combining 'wet' biochemical procedures with analysis by PD mass spectrometry. PMID- 3242714 TI - Integration in services for the hearing impaired. PMID- 3242715 TI - Qualitative analysis of the handicap associated with occupational hearing loss. AB - Hearing difficulties among noise-exposed workers were investigated by means of an interview. A group of 61 workers from a metal product plant had their hearing tested; 66% had abnormal hearing according to their age. Interviews on hearing problems and on their consequences were conducted at home with the spouses. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and then treated according to a procedure that combines phenomenological and content analysis. The results were classified into hearing disabilities, disadvantages and adjustments. Listening and communication problems result in extra efforts, anxiety and stress, changes in social activities, isolation in groups and a negative self-image. These problems also affect others, especially the spouse, who take an active part in the spontaneous adjustment to disabilities. A model of the structure of the handicap has been outlined illustrating how spontaneous adjustments can be in themselves sources of disadvantages. Implications for rehabilitation services are discussed in terms of the means to facilitate optimal adjustment to disabilities. PMID- 3242716 TI - Behavioural therapy in the clinical management of tinnitus. AB - Behavioural therapy was given to reduce discomfort and annoyance associated with severe tinnitus in 75 consecutive patients. Treatment was conducted within the routine clinical management. It included information and discussion about tinnitus, behavioural analysis and relaxation training combined with various cognitive strategies. The method of treatment was thus a form of coping technique. Self-recordings showed significant reductions of 'discomfort from tinnitus' as well as significant elevations in 'general mood' over a 3-month follow-up period. Interview findings indicated strong overall positive effects of treatment, as well as other positive side-effects on complaints such as tension headaches, dizziness, muscle tension and sleep disturbances. Implications for the clinical management of tinnitus sufferers are discussed. PMID- 3242717 TI - Benefit from binaural hearing aids in individuals with a severe hearing impairment. AB - The relative benefits of binaural as opposed to monaural hearing aids were assessed by the use of a diotically presented, audiovisual speech-in-noise task in a group of bilateral, severely hearing-impaired individuals. Significantly greater benefit was gained from binaural amplification, irrespective of hearing level and degree of asymmetry. The benefit was considered to be due to central summation. It is concluded that binaural amplification should be attempted in all bilateral, severely hearing-impaired subjects. About 80% will accept this and be able to demonstrate benefit in an audiovisual task. PMID- 3242718 TI - Changes in the auditory middle latency responses during all-night sleep recording. AB - The middle latency response (MLR) using wide band-pass filters shows marked changes in amplitude, latency and configuration in sleep. The components with latencies greater than 20 ms show the greatest variability. There is a significant increase in Pa latency in stages 2 and stages 3/4, and in some cases a disappearance of the Nb component with the development of a broad positivity of latency intermediate to Pa and Pb which dominates the response. The responses in REM are of similar latency and configuration as in wakefulness but of reduced amplitude. The 40 Hz response is markedly reduced in amplitude in all sleep stages reflecting a decrease in the contribution of the middle latency components to this composite response. This appears to arise through a loss of 40 Hz periodicity in slow wave sleep and an increase in the slow 10 Hz component. In REM sleep, there is an overall reduction in amplitude. Much of the reported variability of the MLR in the literature arises from the widely differing band pass filters used and the inadequate control for level of arousal. Both these factors have been shown to produce significant changes in the response. PMID- 3242719 TI - Progressive sensorineural hearing loss in childhood. AB - Examination was made of the records of school-aged children with a bilateral sensorineural hearing loss who were seen for audiological assessment in the period 1984 to 1986. These records formed the basis of an investigation, reported in this paper, into the prevalence of progressive sensorineural hearing loss, the causes of hearing impairment in these children, the ages at which deterioriation occurs and the patterns of progression in terms of audiogram shape and symmetry. A figure of 9% was found for prevalence, but arguments are put forward to show that this is probably a minimum figure and that most studies are likely to under estimate the number of children with progressive sensorineural hearing loss. There is a tendency for the deterioration to be greater in the better ear. The implications of this when assessing the role of hearing aids in causing deterioration is discussed. PMID- 3242720 TI - Material for Cantonese speech audiometry constructed by appropriate phonetic principles. AB - Cantonese is the common Chinese dialect spoken by the citizens in Hong Kong. It is difficult to construct a material for speech audiometry in the Chinese language in view of 3 facts: (1) all words are monosyllabic, (2) the language is tonal and (3) there are many homophones. Since well-documented Cantonese speech audiometry is not available, an attempt is made in this pilot study to construct short word lists which are equal in phonemic distribution. PMID- 3242721 TI - Reaction time as an indicator of access to frequency-resolved information. AB - Response times, measured as a simple reaction time (RT), to tones in a notch noise background vary systematically with the notch width. As notch width increases so RT decreases. The slope of decrease of RT with notch width is a function of the sensation level (SL) at which the tone is presented above threshold in broad-band noise, particularly of narrow notch widths. The function is interpreted as reflecting both frequency resolution and the increase in partial loudness of the tone as notch width increases. PMID- 3242722 TI - Effects of intake and rejection tasks on auditory fatigue. AB - The effects of sensory intake and rejection tasks on auditory fatigue were examined in 14 male subjects. Auditory thresholds, psychophysical tuning curves and physiological measures of cardiovascular function were obtained before, during, and following a 7 min 110 dB SPL white noise exposure. Acceleration of heart rate was observed under the sensory rejection (mental arithmetic) condition, and poorer post-exposure auditory thresholds and larger Q10 tip values (measured during late post-exposure intervals) were seen when the task required counting of interruptions in the noise. However, Q10 tip values obtained 1 to 2 min post-exposure, when cochlear effects are maximal, failed to confirm a significant difference as a function of task. PMID- 3242723 TI - The tactile acoustic monitor as an aid for post-lingually totally deafened adults: a pilot study. AB - Two women with a total acquired hearing loss who had previously derived no benefit from hearing aids were fitted with the tactile acoustic monitor (TAM) (Summers et al., 1981). Speech perceptual and productive abilities were assessed using a variety of tests prior to TAM fitting, at the time of fitting and after one month of daily use but without detailed training. Self-report and questionnaire data were also obtained. Results indicated that the TAM aided the detection but not recognition of environmental sounds. Lip-reading was not improved, and there was a worrying trend toward the use of an elevated voice pitch with changes in voice quality including increased occurrence of creaky voice. PMID- 3242724 TI - Threshold shifts associated with changes in body posture. PMID- 3242725 TI - The role of the tuning-fork. PMID- 3242726 TI - Investigating hearing in children. PMID- 3242727 TI - Next steps in health care financing. 1987 annual health conference, the New York Academy of Medicine. May 6 and 7, 1987. PMID- 3242728 TI - Statement on cytotoxic testing for food allergy (Bryan's test). Committee of Public Health. PMID- 3242729 TI - Access and quality issues. PMID- 3242730 TI - Paying the doctor: overview of issues and options. PMID- 3242732 TI - Presentation of the 500,000th volume for the Library. PMID- 3242731 TI - Unleashing the potential: current trends and future policy directions. PMID- 3242733 TI - Clinical applications of magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. PMID- 3242734 TI - Health and law. PMID- 3242735 TI - Brazilian popular healers as effective promoters of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and related child survival strategies. PMID- 3242736 TI - Dental nurses in Trinidad and Tobago. PMID- 3242737 TI - Levels of chlorinated pesticides in the sera of occupationally exposed spraymen in Venezuela, 1984. PMID- 3242738 TI - Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in preschool children of rural Guatemala. PMID- 3242739 TI - Drinking-water improvement in the Americas with mixed oxidant gases generated on site for disinfection (MOGGOD). PMID- 3242740 TI - Financing health services in developing countries: an agenda for reform. PMID- 3242741 TI - Economics and health: beyond financing. PMID- 3242742 TI - Financing as an instrument of public policy. PMID- 3242743 TI - Invitation to a debate on financing and health. PMID- 3242744 TI - Health as an economic value in a time of crisis. PMID- 3242745 TI - The psychopathology of body image. Proceedings of the Second Leeds Psychopathology Symposium. 18-19th September 1986. PMID- 3242746 TI - Body size estimation in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3242747 TI - Body shape dissatisfaction in schoolchildren. PMID- 3242748 TI - [Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies to proinsulin, insulin and C-peptide]. PMID- 3242749 TI - [Effects of oral contraceptives on serum lipids in fertile women]. PMID- 3242750 TI - [The effect of peripheral blood monocytes on the proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro]. PMID- 3242752 TI - [A diagnostic zygosity study on two sets of triplets]. PMID- 3242751 TI - [Dual AV nodal pathways in patients with AV reentrant tachycardia]. PMID- 3242753 TI - [Effects of splenectomy on erythrocyte membranes]. PMID- 3242754 TI - [Effects of the spleen and tuftsin on the growth and metastasis of murine ascitic hepatoma]. PMID- 3242755 TI - [Analysis of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection and septicemia in China]. PMID- 3242756 TI - [The effect of oxygen free radicals in the pathologic course following experimental brain injury]. PMID- 3242757 TI - [Feto-placental microcirculation and pathologic changes of the chorionic villi in pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome]. PMID- 3242758 TI - [A newly designed joint drawing for recording the range of joint movement]. PMID- 3242759 TI - [Laboratory study of anemia caused by burns]. PMID- 3242760 TI - [Determination of serum antibody to Burgdorferi spirrila and its clinical application in Lyme disease]. PMID- 3242761 TI - [Effect of fish oil and soybean oil on plasma lipids in rats]. PMID- 3242762 TI - [Effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone on adenylate cyclase of well differentiated human carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues]. PMID- 3242763 TI - Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology of head and neck masses: a personal experience in Republic of China. PMID- 3242764 TI - [Computed tomography guidance for skeletal biopsy]. PMID- 3242765 TI - Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis in 1500 mid-trimester amniocenteses. PMID- 3242766 TI - Vascular reconstruction in surgery for tumor resection. PMID- 3242767 TI - Septicemia in adults at Veterans General Hospital. I. Etiology and epidemiology. PMID- 3242768 TI - Enterobacter cloacae bacteremia: clinical analysis of 41 cases. PMID- 3242769 TI - [Cicatricial cancer: a review and analysis of 12 cases]. PMID- 3242770 TI - Aseptic bone necrosis--clinical analysis of 117 divers. PMID- 3242771 TI - Renal cholesterol embolism: report of a case with emphasis on its improved prognosis. PMID- 3242772 TI - Absence of increased oxygen consumption in brown adipose tissue of rats exhibiting "cafeteria" diet-induced thermogenesis. AB - Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to overeat (approximately 45%) by provision of a "cafeteria" (CAF) diet of palatable human foods. Normophagic rats fed a commercial chow or a semisynthetic diet served as controls. The CAF rats exhibited (a) the reduced food efficiency and the propranolol-inhibitable elevation in resting metabolic rate (resting VO2) that are indicative of a facultative diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) by which excess energy gain is resisted, and (b) certain changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) that are among those taken as evidence for BAT as the effector of DIT, e.g., increased protein content and increased mitochondrial binding of GDP. To assess directly and quantitatively the contribution by BAT to the elevation in VO2 (apparent DIT) of the CAF rats, BAT O2 consumption was determined (Fick principle) from measurements of tissue blood flow (microsphere method) and the arteriovenous difference in blood O2 across interscapular BAT (IBAT). To obtain the measurements, the animals were fitted under halothane anesthesia with vascular cannulas for intraventricular injection of microspheres and sampling of arterial blood and the venous effluent of IBAT. After recovery from anesthesia and rewarming to normal body temperature the animals were placed singly in a temperature-controlled metabolic chamber and the measurements, which also included determination of resting VO2, were made 1.5-2 h later about 11:30 h. As determined from measurements made at 28 degrees C (thermoneutrality) mean values of resting VO2 for the cannulated rats were unchanged from those of intact (unoperated) CAF or control rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242773 TI - The effects of different membrane isolation and purification techniques on D glucose transport into rat brush-border membrane vesicles. AB - Current and widely used methods for the isolation and purification of brush border membranes involve the aggregation of non-brush-border membranes with the divalent cations Ca2+ or Mg2+ with or without subsequent exposure to chaotropic agents (e.g., KSCN). Evidence suggests that these techniques yield morphologically distinct and heterogeneous populations of membranes and that functional differences exist between membrane vesicles prepared by the different procedures, presumably reflecting this heterogeneity. To investigate the effect of the various isolation techniques on the kinetic parameters of D-glucose transport, rat intestinal brush-border vesicles were prepared by each of the following four methods: (i) Ca2+ precipitation; (ii) Ca2+ precipitation with KSCN treatment; (iii) Mg2+ precipitation; and (iv) Mg2+ precipitation with KSCN treatment. Membrane purity as indicated by the enrichment of the enzyme membrane markers sucrase and alkaline phosphatase did not differ between isolation procedures. The Mg-Na-K ATPase activity showed an enrichment factor of less than 1.0 for each of the isolation techniques. D-Glucose uptake was measured with a rapid filtration method under conditions of a zero-trans, 100 mM cis-NaSCN gradient. The membrane preparations yielded similar Hofstee transformations displaying the curvilinear relationship thought to be consistent with the existence of multiple transporters for D-glucose. The average kinetic parameters calculated from the Hofstee plots for each technique were similar. It was concluded that D-glucose transport into rat jejunal membrane vesicles was unaffected by the variation in morphology arising from the technique used to purify the membranes. PMID- 3242774 TI - Characterization of inhibitory innervation in porcine colonic circular muscle. AB - Effects of stimulation of intramural nerves in the circular smooth muscle layer of the porcine colon (Sus scrofa domestica) were studied using the sucrose-gap technique. Electrical field stimulation of the preparation, superfused with Krebs solution at 21 degrees C, induced a transient hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle cell membrane. This hyperpolarization was an inhibitory junction potential (IJP). The responses obtained from circular muscle originating from either the centripetal or centrifugal gyri of the ascending colon did not differ significantly. The IJP was characterized as being mediated by intramural, nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) nerves. The amplitude and latency of the IJP changed linearly with temperature (15-25 degrees C: +1 mV and -0.1 s per degree Celsius, respectively) reflecting a temperature-dependent synchronization of transmitter release. The membrane resistance decreased during the IJP. The IJP amplitude decreased or increased during conditioning hyperpolarizations or depolarizations, respectively, and reversed at membrane potentials about 30 mV more negative than the resting membrane potential. Potassium conductance blocking agents, barium (1 mM), tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA, 20 mM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 5 mM), apamin (1 microM), and aminacrine (10(-4) M) added to the superfusion medium increased the membrane resistance. Only barium, TEA, and apamin depolarized the smooth muscle cell membrane. The IJP amplitude decreased in the presence of aminacrine and apamin to 75 and 35%, respectively, suggesting that apamin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ channels are involved in this response. ATP, adenosine, and related adenine nucleotides in concentrations up to 10(-3) M did not mimic the IJP. Superfusion with ATP for 15 min revealed a gradually increasing attenuation by up to 20% of the IJP. This might suggest that the release of neurotransmitter from intramural NANC nerves is modulated presynaptically via purinoceptors. Exogenously applied vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in concentrations of 10(-9) to 10(-4) M did not affect the preparation. Also at elevated temperatures (up to 35 degrees C), VIP (10(-7) to 10(-4) M) did not cause measurable effects. It is concluded that the inhibitory mediator of the intramural NANC nerves present in the circular muscle layers of the porcine colon is neither a purine nor VIP. PMID- 3242775 TI - Progressive hypoxia until brain electrical silence: a useful model for studying protective interventions. AB - Anesthetized spontaneously breathing rats, fitted with epicortical electrodes and catheters for sampling arterial, venous, and cerebral venous blood, were exposed to standardized progressive hypoxia. Three minutes of hypoxia sequentially caused hyperpnea, hypopnea, apnea, and cessation of electrocorticogram "spiking," of synchronization, and of background in electroencephalogram (EEG). Blood data and cerebral blood flow and metabolism were measured throughout and at "insults," i.e., at apnea and cessation events, to clarify their interdependence. Arterial and brain venous PO2 fell linearly with inspired oxygen (final value of 2% at 280 s). Hyperpnea induced arterial alkalosis; subsequent hypopnea led to near-normal PCO2 and pH when EEG ceased. Hypercapnia was more pronounced in cerebral than in systemic venous blood; time courses of pH changes were similar. Sagittal sinus blood pressure and outflow were linearly related and resembled the time course of local cerebral blood flow. Blood flow increased by 25% at apnea and only 60% at EEG silence. Cerebral metabolic rate of O2 rose during the hyperpnea phase and fell exponentially thereafter. Cerebral glucose uptake and lactate release increased within the first 3 min but fell abruptly when cortico-electric spiking ceased. Time courses of cerebral O2 consumption and spike rate were linearly related; both showed inverse linear relations to cerebral perfusion. The hypoxic insults were well defined by blood data; critical PO2 values were lower than previously assumed. This model is proving to be a useful, controlled method by which mechanisms of cerebral hypoxia tolerance may be studied in vivo. PMID- 3242776 TI - Digitalis-like pregnanes. Cardiac and renal effects of a glycoside of 14 beta hydroxyprogesterone. AB - The synthesis of the glucoside, 3 beta-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-14-hydroxy-14 beta-pregn-4-en-20-one, a 14 beta-hydroxyprogesterone glucoside (14 beta-OHP glu), is described. This compound has an IC50 of 1 microM in a [3H]ouabain binding assay, and is about 10 times more potent than the aglycone. Like 14 beta hydroxyprogesterone, the glucoside enhances contractility of isolated cardiac muscle. 14 beta-OHP-glu or ouabain, when infused at comparable doses into the renal artery of the anesthetized rat, markedly increases urine volume. Whereas ouabain significantly enhances urinary potassium excretion with little or no effect on sodium excretion, 14 beta-OHP-glu promotes a marked natriuresis with no significant effect on potassium excretion. PMID- 3242777 TI - Comparison of cardiovascular response to passive tilt in young and elderly men. AB - To test the hypothesis that altered hemodynamic responses to postural changes are associated with aging, cardiovascular responses to head-up tilt (HUT) and head down tilt (HDT) were examined in 12 healthy young (average age, 24.6 +/- 1.7 years) and 12 healthy elderly (average age, 68.6 +/- 2.2 years) men. Subjects were passively tilted from supine to 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees HUT and HDT. Responses to these perturbations were determined 5 min after tilting with measures of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and echocardiographically determined left ventricular diameter in systole and diastole (LVIDs, LVIDd). In HUT there were no significant age effects. In both young and elderly, SBP decreased significantly (p less than 0.05), and DBP and HR increased significantly. Ejection fraction (EF), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and rate-pressure product (RPP) were unchanged in both groups. In HDT, the hemodynamic responses of the young and elderly were in opposite directions and significant age effects were found for SBP, DBP, HR, LVIDs, EF, MABP, and RPP. In HDT, the young appear to increase cardiac output primarily due to an increase in EF and end-diastolic volume (LVIDd), while HR is unchanged and SBP is decreased. MABP is unchanged, suggesting a small decrease in total peripheral resistance. The elderly may increase cardiac output slightly, owing to an increase in LVIDd with no change in EF, and a large increase in HR. Afterload increased markedly, therefore attenuating any increase in cardiac output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242778 TI - Effect of chronic cysteamine treatment on mouse liver aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. AB - Patients receive chronic cysteamine in the management of nephropathic cystinosis. In a previous report our results indicated that acute cysteamine treatment inhibited cytochrome P-450. Cysteamine (85 mg/kg i.p.) was administered daily to female Swiss mice for 1.5 and 8.5 months. Cysteamine treatment (8.5 months) did not affect hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity compared with controls. A small decrease in liver AHH activity was seen after 1.5 months of treatment with cysteamine. Liver histology, body weight, liver and spleen weights, and serum aminotransferase activity after chronic and subchronic treatment did not differ from controls. Chronic in vivo cysteamine treatment, unlike acute in vitro treatment did not decrease AHH activity. Incubation of isolated murine hepatocytes with cysteamine significantly inhibited AHH activity compared with controls. The inhibition occurred in a concentration-related manner, with 65% inhibition at 8.8 mM (1 mg/mL) (equivalent to the predicted plasma concentration using the maximally tolerable human dose), and 100% inhibition at 44 mM (5 mg/mL). The concentrations used in vitro were not cytotoxic. This suggests that chronic cysteamine treatment may not result in drug interactions and that in vitro results are not always good indicators of in vivo effects. PMID- 3242779 TI - Cardiovascular responses to V1-vasopressinergic antagonism in conscious versus anesthetized rats. AB - Experiments were performed to compare the possible effect of endogenous arginine vasopressin on renal hemodynamics between anesthetized, surgically stressed rats and conscious rats. Animals were instrumented with arterial and venous catheters as well as with a pulsed Doppler flow probe on the left renal artery. The rats were studied under the following conditions: (1) conscious and unrestrained; (2) anesthetized only; (3) anesthetized with minor surgical stress; and (4) anesthetized with major surgical stress. Two anesthetic agents were also compared, a mixture of ketamine (110 mg/kg i.m.) and acepromazine (1 mg/kg i.m.), and sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg i.p.). Baseline mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats following surgical stress compared with conscious animals, but blood pressure was not affected by ketamine-acepromazine anesthesia. After baseline measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, and renal blood flow, a specific V1-vasopressinergic antagonist (d(CH2)5Tyr(Me) arginine vasopressin, 10 mg/kg i.v.) was administered to each group. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and renal blood flow were monitored for an additional 15 min. Mean arterial blood pressure and renal blood flow decreased after V1 antagonism in ketamine-acepromazine-anesthetized rats with major surgical stress, but were not affected in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals. Heart rate and renal vascular resistance were not affected following V1 blockade with either anesthetic agent. These data suggest that arginine vasopressin plays a role in maintaining blood pressure and renal perfusion in ketamine-acepromazine-anesthetized rats following surgical stress, but does not have a significant effect on renal hemodynamics under pentobarbital anesthesia. PMID- 3242780 TI - Differential cardiovascular effects of central clonidine and B-HT 920 in conscious rats. AB - The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of the alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and B-HT 920 on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline was examined in conscious unrestrained rats. The injection of 1.0 microgram clonidine significantly decreased MAP and slightly decreased HR. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels were slightly but not significantly decreased after the injection of 1 microgram clonidine. In contrast, the injection of 0.1-10.0 micrograms B-HT 920 increased MAP and decreased HR. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels were slightly increased after the injection of the 1- and 10 micrograms doses. The i.c.v. injection of the alpha 2-antagonist rauwolscine slightly but not significantly increased MAP and plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels. The responses to i.c.v. injection of clonidine and B-HT 920 were not changed by prior administration of rauwolscine. Neither the pressor response to B-HT 920 nor the depressor response to clonidine was abolished by rauwolscine, suggesting that neither response was mediated by alpha 2 adrenoceptors. PMID- 3242782 TI - International Conference on Promoting the Mental health of Children and Youth. Papers and subplenary summaries. October 1987, Ottawa, Ontario. PMID- 3242781 TI - Pharmacologic characterization of cirazoline-activated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in rat brain cortical slices. AB - Interaction of cirazoline, an imidazoline derivative, with alpha 1-adrenoceptor coupled inositol phospholipid hydrolysis was characterized in rat brain cortical slices. Norepinephrine, a full alpha 1-agonist, and phenylephrine, a partial alpha 1-agonist, on inositol phospholipid hydrolysis were included for comparison. Norepinephrine produced a fourfold stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, whereas cirazoline and phenylephrine caused only submaximal responses (40-60%) when compared with norepinephrine. The stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis by cirazoline was completely blocked by the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin, but not by selective alpha 2- or beta adrenoceptor antagonists. Furthermore, the norepinephrine dose-response curve was shifted to the right in the presence of cirazoline, without affecting the maximal response. These results suggest that cirazoline behaves as a partial agonist at brain alpha 1-adrenoceptors linked to inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. PMID- 3242784 TI - Aggression in middle childhood--a harbinger of future problems. PMID- 3242783 TI - Addressing youth and family vulnerability: empowerment in an ecological context. PMID- 3242785 TI - Deprivation in the child's environment: seeking advantage in adversity. PMID- 3242786 TI - The state and mental health of the children of the world. PMID- 3242787 TI - Health promotion strategies: keynote address. PMID- 3242788 TI - Cultural targeted health services for immigrant children and adolescents. PMID- 3242790 TI - Sports and allergies. PMID- 3242789 TI - Promoting the mental health of children and youth: foundation for the future. PMID- 3242791 TI - Effectiveness of a cancer control programme. PMID- 3242792 TI - A screening programme for cervical cancer that worked. AB - In three of the Nordic countries there are nationwide population based screening programmes for cervical cancer. These organized programmes have resulted in a substantial decrease in the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer. In Finland the reduction in the incidence due to screening has been about 60-70% and it was most substantial for women around the ages of 35 to 50 years, which were screened most intensively. Similar changes occurred in the mortality. It seems that the prerequisites for a successful programme are, for example, to identify the target population, to send personal invitations to attend the screening and to give the results to the women screened. Quality control and evaluation of the programme are also assumed to be part of the programme. The programmes are consuming few resources. In Finland screening is repeated every five years, resulting in only six or seven smears in a lifetime. PMID- 3242793 TI - Trends in cervix cancer mortality. PMID- 3242794 TI - Tumour progression and metastasis. PMID- 3242795 TI - Hydrocephalus and tuberculous meningitis in children. Report on 26 cases. AB - Hydrocephalus constitutes one of the most common complications of tuberculous meningitis. Twenty-six cases of tuberculous meningitis in children are reported. The authors analyze the clinical features, CT scan findings, and clinical evolution. The criteria for and results of the use of cerebrospinal fluid shunts are reviewed. PMID- 3242796 TI - The calculation of intracranial volume using CT scans. AB - A method of calculating intracranial volume from horizontal computerized tomography scan slices is presented. The accuracy of this technique was confirmed by applying it to 10 dry skulls and comparing the values obtained with the true intracranial volumes, as determined by filling the skulls with water. Values ranging between 98.14% and 102.6% of the true values were obtained, the mean error being 1.13%. This technique is now being used to study intracranial volume changes in children with craniostenosis. PMID- 3242797 TI - Hydrocephalus in craniosynostosis. AB - Routine CT scanning in 221 patients with craniosynostosis revealed ventricular dilation in 40. In 5 hydrocephalus was obviously unrelated to the craniostenosis. The remaining 35 cases were associated almost exclusively with syndromic craniosynostosis. Ventricular dilation was mild in 22, moderate in 9, and marked in 4 patients. Clinical and radiological findings strongly suggest that three different mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus: primary cerebral maldevelopment, brain atrophy, and CSF outflow obstruction. In the diagnosis of hydrostatic hydrocephalus with craniosynostosis, head circumference is no indicator of progressive hydrocephalus, and intracranial hypertension may be due either to CSF accumulation or to craniostenosis. The present study indicates that shunt treatment prior to correction of synostosis should be restricted to a few cases of rapidly progressing hydrocephalus. Secondary shunting of hydrocephalus may be considered if intracranial pressure remains high despite adequate cranial decompression. Shunting is not an appropriate treatment for craniostenosis--even in cases of concurrent ventricular dilation. PMID- 3242798 TI - Peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocysts: a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. AB - The authors report seven cases of peritoneal pseudocysts in children with ventriculoperitoneal shunts. After describing the etiopathogenetic hypotheses, the symptomatology and the diagnostic investigations, they review the various types of treatment adopted to date and propose a simple and effective method, which has resulted in rapid resolution of all seven cases. PMID- 3242799 TI - The subcutaneous ventricular reservoir: an effective treatment for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. AB - Use of the subcutaneous ventricular reservoir in the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus was studied in a series of 38 patients. All of the patients were considered to be medically labile. Additionally, all had failed conservative modes of therapy consisting of lumbar punctures with or without furosemide or acetazolamide. Management of the hydrocephalus consisted of reservoir placement. Subsequently, taps were performed at various intervals and amounts, depending upon the degree of ventricular dilatation as determined by sonography and signs of increased intracranial pressure. The majority of reservoirs were left in place for 1-2 months. There were no reservoir infections. Once the patients were medically stable, the reservoir was removed and a shunt placed. Eight patients died before shunt placement and 2 patients died after shunting, reflecting a 29% mortality. In no case was a death related to the shunt, but rather reflected the medical lability of the patient population. Four patients (15% of surviving patients) did not require shunting. The total shunt infection rate was 6.9% (among survivors with a shunt in place, 7.7%). These results support the use of the reservoir as an easy and effective means of protecting the cortical mantle while decreasing morbidity related to future shunt placement. PMID- 3242800 TI - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 2, a reinvestigation. AB - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 2 has been reinvestigated, specific degradations and n.m.r. spectroscopy being the main methods used. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of hexasaccharide repeating-units having the following structure, which differs from that previously proposed. formula; see text) PMID- 3242801 TI - Preparation of branched hexasaccharides by the action of a viral lyase on Klebsiella K14 polysaccharide. AB - Klebsiella K14 capsular polysaccharide was degraded by a bacteriophage-borne enzyme to afford oligosaccharides A-C which were studied by one- and two dimensional n.m.r. spectroscopy. A and B were the repeating-unit hexasaccharide and pyruvylated hexasaccharide, respectively, while C was a dodecasaccharide. Each oligomer was terminated by a reducing mannose and a non-reducing 4-deoxy alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid residue, indicating that the phage enzyme had cleaved the beta-D-Manp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpA linkages in the polysaccharide by a lyase, rather than the more common glycosidase, activity found with other Klebsiella bacteriophages. In this respect, the depolymerisation resembles those reported for the capsular polysaccharides of Klebsiella K5 and K64 PMID- 3242802 TI - Synthesis and structural characterization of the dilactone derivative of GD1a ganglioside. AB - Treatment of GD1a [alpha-Neu5Ac-(2----3)-beta-GalNAc-(1----4)-[alpha- Neu5Ac-(2-- -3)]-beta-Gal-(1----4)-beta-Glc-(1----1)-Cer] with dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide in anhydrous methyl sulfoxide affords 94-98% of GD1a-dilactone. The involvement of the carboxyl groups of the two sialic acid residues in the lactone rings was proved by ammoniolysis and reduction experiments, which gave ganglioside derivatives containing the amide of sialic acid and N-acetylneuraminulose, respectively. 1H-N.m.r. spectroscopy showed that the lactone rings involved position 2 of each galactose residue in the ester linkages. PMID- 3242803 TI - Synthesis and mass spectra of 4-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,3,6-tri-O-ethyl-D-glucitol and the positional isomers of 4-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-di-O-ethyl-O- methyl-D glucitol and 4-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-O-ethyl-di-O-methyl-D-glucitol. AB - Reductive cleavage of fully methylated, partially O-ethylated cellulose or fully ethylated, partially O-methylated cellulose and subsequent acetylation had previously been shown to produce 4-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-, -6- O-ethyl-2,3-di-O-methyl-, -3-O-ethyl-2,6-di-O-methyl-, -2-O-ethyl-3,6-di-O- methyl-, -2,3-di-O-ethyl-6-O-methyl-, -2,6-di-O-ethyl-3-O-methyl-, -3,6-di-O- ethyl-2-O-methyl-, and -2,3,6-tri-O-ethyl-D-glucitol. Described herein is the independent synthesis of these derivatives, except for the first (which had been reported); and their 1H-n.m.r. spectra, chemical-ionization (NH3) mass spectra, and electron-impact mass spectra are tabulated. PMID- 3242804 TI - Selective pivaloylation of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy sugars. AB - Selective pivaloylation of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, its methyl alpha- and beta-glycosides, and the methyl alpha-glycoside of N-acetyl-D-muramic acid under various conditions has been studied. The structures of the products were established by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy and acetylation. The orders of acylation, HO-6 greater than HO-3 greater than HO-1 greater than HO-4 for 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-D-glucose and HO-6 greater than HO-3 greater than HO-4 for its methyl glycosides, were established. Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,6-di-O-pivaloyl-alpha- and -beta-D-glucopyranosides and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1,3,4,6-tetra-O-pivaloyl-D glucopyranose were hydrolysed by rabbit serum esterases. PMID- 3242805 TI - Structure and anti-complementary activity of pectic polysaccharides isolated from the root of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa. AB - Four pectic polysaccharides (AR-2IIa-IId) with anti-complementary activity have been isolated from a hot-water extract of the root of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa. Each of these polysaccharides contained a large proportion of GalA together with neutral sugars consisting mainly of Rha, Ara, and Gal. Digestion with endo-alpha-(1----4)-polygalacturonase indicated that AR-2IIa-IIc each contained a large proportion of enzyme-sensitive polygalacturonan regions, and that AR-2IId contained a large proportion of enzyme-resistant regions. When AR 2IId was de-esterified, it became sensitive to the enzyme. These polysaccharides also contained small proportions of enzyme-resistant regions (PG-1) which were rich in neutral sugars. Methylation analysis and base-catalysed beta-elimination studies suggested that each PG-1 contained a rhamnogalacturonan moiety in which 2,4-disubstituted Rha was attached to 4-substituted GalA through position 2 of Rha. Carboxyl-reduction and methyl- and de-esterification of these polysaccharides modulated their anti-complementary activities. Digestion with endo-alpha-(1----4)-polygalacturonase decreased the activities of AR-2IIa and 2IIb, but not those of AR-2IIc and -2IId. Although PG-1 fractions from AR-2IIa IIc were more active than the original polysaccharides, oligogalacturonide fragments obtained by enzymic digestion had weak or negligible activity. AR-2IIa IIc expressed their anti-complementary activities mainly via the classical pathway, but AR-2IId and each PG-1 expressed their activities via both the classical and alternative pathways. PMID- 3242806 TI - Synthetic mucin fragments. Synthesis of a tetra- and two penta-saccharides containing the O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-D-galactopyranose ("lacto-N-triose 1") unit. PMID- 3242807 TI - A facile regio- and stereo-selective synthesis of alpha-glycosides of N acetylneuraminic acid. PMID- 3242808 TI - Furanose ring anomerization: a kinetic study of the 5-deoxypentoses and 5-O methylpentoses. AB - The anomerization of 5-deoxy-L-pentoses (1-4) and 5-O-methyl-D-pentoses (5-8) in aqueous solution has been studied by 13C saturation-transfer n.m.r. (s.t.-n.m.r.) spectroscopy, using compounds substituted with 13C at the anomeric carbon atom. Unidirectional rate-constants of ring-opening (k open) and ring-closing (k close) have been obtained for these compounds under identical solution conditions (50mM acetate buffer, pH 4.0 at 60 degrees), and have been compared to those measured for the D-tetroses (9 and 10) and the four D-pentose 5-phosphates (11-14). Based on these comparisons, several correlations between furanose structure and reactivity have been revealed, and models have been proposed to explain the observed kinetic behavior of compounds (1-10). The effect of exocyclic structure on acid-catalyzed rate-constants was also examined by comparing the behavior of 5 deoxy-L-(1-13C)-lyxose and 5-O-methyl-D-(1-13C)lyxose. Some consideration has been given to identifying the factors (enthalpic and entropic) that may play roles in determining the effect of structure on anomerization reactivity. PMID- 3242809 TI - Carbohydrate components for modified anthracyclines: synthesis of derivatives of 3-amino-3,4,6-trideoxy-L-lyxo- and -L-xylo-hexose, and attempts at fluorination of C-2. AB - Two new trideoxyglycosides, methyl 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-nitro-alpha-L-lyxo hexopyranoside (7) and its alpha-L-arabino isomer, as well as the known alpha-L xylo isomer (15), were synthesized from methyl 3,6-dideoxy-3-nitro-alpha-L glucopyranoside (1) by methods involving elimination and reduction processes in mesylates prepared from 1. Catalytic hydrogenation of 7 and 15 gave the new and the known aminodeoxyglycosides, respectively, both of which were N (trifluoroacetyl)ated and sub-subsequently O-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)ated. Various attempts to effect displacement by fluoride ion in the N-protected 2 triflates so obtained, and also in a related 3-azido-2-triflate, were unsuccessful as far as fluorination at C-2 was concerned. Among other products, two new 2-enopyranosides resulting from elimination of triflic acid were obtained. PMID- 3242810 TI - Stereoselective syntheses of C-(D-glucopyranosyl)alkenes. AB - alpha-D-Glucopyranose pentaacetate (1) was found to undergo stereoselective conversion in good yield into 3-(tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-propene (4) by treatment with allyltrimethylsilane and boron trifluoride etherate in acetonitrile. Similar treatment of methyl tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside or tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide also gave 4 in preference to its beta anomer, but net yields were lower. Similar reaction of 1 with (E)-penta-2,4 dienyltrimethylsilane afforded the readily polymerizable 5-(tetra-O-acetyl-alpha D-glucopyranosyl)-(E)-1,3-pentadiene, accompanied by a minor proportion of its beta anomer. PMID- 3242811 TI - Preparative procedures for conversion of daunorubicin into doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and 14-O-acetyldoxorubicin by way of 14-bromodaunorubicin. PMID- 3242812 TI - Structural analysis by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry of the mixture of alditols derived from the O-linked oligosaccharides of murine glycophorins. AB - The O-glycosylically linked oligosaccharides from glycophorins of BALB/c mouse erythrocytes were released as a mixture of alditol derivatives on reductive beta elimination. A new approach, based on periodate oxidation in combination with f.a.b.-m.s., was used to elucidate the structure of one of the branched derivatives in the mixture. Evidence for the anomeric configuration was obtained by 500-MHz 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The following structures were found: (Formula: see text). PMID- 3242813 TI - The pneumococcal polysaccharide S4: a structural re-assessment. PMID- 3242814 TI - The structure of the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 29 polysaccharide: a re examination. PMID- 3242815 TI - Long-range carbon-proton coupling constants: application to conformational studies of oligosaccharides. AB - 3JC,H values have been measured using selective 2D heteronuclear J-resolved n.m.r. spectroscopy for the COCH fragment in various carbohydrates. Measurements on model compounds have been used to characterise a Karplus-type relationship between 3JCOCH and dihedral angles in sugar. The 3JC,H values have also been measured for C-2'-O-2'-C-1-H-1 of sucrose and the sucrose residues in raffinose, stachyose, and melezitose. These values are similar to each other for solutions in D2O and (CD3)2SO and are little affected by the change in solvent, but differ from those predicted from the crystal conformations. The method has been used to correct some assignments in the published 13C-n.m.r. spectrum of melezitose. PMID- 3242816 TI - The determination of complex carbohydrate structure by using carbonyl carbon resonances of peracetylated derivatives. AB - Carbonyl carbon resonances have been assigned to specific acetyl substituents in peracetylated derivatives of a variety of di- and tri-saccharides that occur as substructures of N- and O-linked glycoprotein glycans. Assignments were made by correlating shifts of these resonances to previously assigned pyranoid-ring proton and acetyl methyl proton shifts by means of 2D 13C-1H shifts correlation spectra. It was found that, when the shift assignment data for carbonyl carbon atoms, acetyl methyl protons, and pyranoid-ring protons are plotted in three dimensions, patterns appear that are unique to the different types of residues occurring in a parent structure. It is suggested that these shift data can complement existing 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. methods for determining primary structures of complex carbohydrates. PMID- 3242817 TI - Synthesis of uridine 5'-(2-acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-alpha-D galactopyranosyl) diphosphate and uridine 5'-(2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro alpha-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate. AB - Benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside was converted into its 4-O-(methylsulfonyl) derivative (2) by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride in pyridine. Displacement of the methylsulfonyloxy group of 2 with fluoride ion afforded benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro alpha-D-galactopyranosi de, which on hydrogenolysis, followed by acetylation, furnished 2-acetamido-1,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-D-galactopyranose. Treatment of this and of 2-acetamido-1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-D glucopyranose with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate in 1,2-dichloroethane at approximately 50 degrees afforded the 4-deoxy-4-fluoro- or the 6-deoxy-6 fluoro-oxazolines (5) and (11), respectively. Reaction of 5 and 11 with dibenzyl phosphate in 1,2-dichloroethane produced the alpha-linked dibenzyl phosphate derivatives 6 and 12, respectively. Catalytic hydrogenation of 6 provided 2 acetamido-3,6-di-O-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-alpha-D-galactopyranosy l phosphate (7), and that of 12 gave 2-acetamido-3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-6 fluoro-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate (13). Coupling of 7 and 13 with uridine 5'-monophosphomorpholidate in dry pyridine at approximately 37 degrees, followed by O-deacetylation, furnished the title compounds, respectively, isolated and characterized as their respective dilithium salts. PMID- 3242818 TI - Systematic chemical synthesis and n.m.r. spectra of methyl alpha-glycosides of isomalto-oligosaccharides and related compounds. AB - Acid-catalyzed thiophenolysis of 1,6-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D glucopyranose and acetylation of the resulting phenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio alpha-D-glucopyranoside (4) gave phenyl 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio alpha-D-glucopyranoside (5). Reaction of 5 with chlorine gave, stereospecifically, the corresponding beta-glycosyl chloride, which was treated with 4 in the presence of silver perchlorate and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine to afford phenyl O-(6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----6) 2,3,4- tri-O- benzyl-1-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (17). Crystalline O-(6-O acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----6)-2,3,4- tri- O-benzyl beta-D-glucopyranosyl chloride, readily obtainable in a stereo-specific manner from 17 by treatment with chlorine, was used as the key glycosyl (isomaltosyl) donor in the blockwise synthesis of methyl glycosides of isomalto oligosaccharides, up to and including the octasaccharide. The methyl alpha glycoside of isomaltotetraose fluorinated at C-6 of the terminal D-glucopyranosyl group was prepared by using SnCl2-activated 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-6-fluoro alpha,beta-D-glucopyranosyl fluoride as the glycosyl donor, a suitably protected methyl alpha-isomaltotrioside as the nucleophile, and silver perchlorate as the promoter. The n.m.r. spectra (1H- and 13C-) of numerous synthetic intermediates were analyzed and completely assigned by a variety of two-dimensional homo- and hetero-nuclear n.m.r.-spectroscopic techniques, and the final deprotected title oligosaccharides were characterized by 13C-n.m.r. data. Silver perchlorate mediated glycosylation reactions involving beta-glycosyl chlorides were high yielding and showed high stereo-selectivity for the formation of an alpha-(cis) glycosidic linkage. The practical limitation of obtaining high isomalto oligosaccharides in this way appears to lie solely in the separation technique applied for the resolution of the crude products formed. PMID- 3242819 TI - Regulation of human estrogen receptor gene, epidermal growth factor receptor gene, and oncogenes by estrogen and antiestrogen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. AB - It is generally believed that estrogen may act either as an initiator or as a promoter in carcinogenesis of human breast cancer. This estrogenic action is generally dependent on the estrogen receptor. In the human estrogen receptor, cDNA has a homology to V-erb-A oncogene. Experiments using MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were carried out to study the regulatory effect of estrogen and antiestrogen on RNA activities of oncogenes, estrogen receptor gene, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene. The effect of estradiol on activation of estrogen and EGF receptor genes and myc, ras, and fos oncogenes was positive in relation to the concentrations of supplemented estradiol. In addition, the effects of antiestrogen (tamoxifen) were investigated. Tamoxifen suppressed MCF-7 cell growth, and spot hybridization of the RNA of MCF-7 cells revealed that RNA activities of estrogen and EGF receptor genes and myc, ras, and fos oncogenes were suppressed by tamoxifen. These results suggest that the three oncogenes and two receptor genes are partly regulated by estrogen and antiestrogen (tamoxifen) in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. This regulatory system may have a role in carcinogenesis and in the treatment of human breast cancer. PMID- 3242820 TI - Incentives for breast self-examination: role of the calendar. AB - Calendars are generally believed to be useful in promoting compliance with breast self-examination (BSE). To test this belief, calendars were distributed to 1,166 women in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study for comparison with 1,027 other participants who received no calendar. Recipients were asked to note their BSE findings each month on the calendar and to return calendars at the next annual screen. Self-reported BSE frequencies and BSE competence scores revealed no significant difference between the recipients and nonrecipients at three points in time: one year prior to, at time of, and one year after calendar distribution. Only 136 women returned calendars as requested. Their improvement in the test period did not differ significantly from that shown by the control group or the nonreturners. Calendars do not seem to be useful in a population receiving annual screening and BSE instruction. PMID- 3242821 TI - Increased extraction of estrogens in human endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. AB - The present study was undertaken to assess in vitro the endometrial extraction of natural estrogens. Normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometria were studied. This was accomplished by the use of double isotope, single-injection techniques performed during the extracorporeal perfusion of human isolated uterus. The differential permeability of vascular beds in normal and neoplastic endometrium to estrogens was evaluated. The effects of binding by human serum proteins on estrogen influx into the endometrium were also determined. When protein-free Ringer's solution was used as an injection vehicle, both normal and abnormal endometrium permitted free diffusion of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and estrone sulfate (E1S). In contrast, the endometrial extraction of these estrogens from human female serum was significantly lower than that obtained with Ringer's solution. The extraction of E2, E1, and E1S from human serum was significantly higher in hyperplastic and carcinomatous endometria than in normal proliferative endometria. We conclude that 1) membrane permeability to estrogenic influxes differs between normal and abnormal endometria and 2) plasma proteins decrease the endometrial uptake of estrogens. PMID- 3242822 TI - Risk factors of ovarian cancer of epithelial origin: a case control study. AB - Possible risk factors for ovarian cancer of epithelial origin were tested in a case control study consisting of personal interviews with 200 patients and 211 age-matched controls. Some lifestyle factors such as urban versus rural residence show differences between patients and controls, but this may be due to a low response rate in the randomly selected control group. Confirmation of the potentially protective effect of oral contraceptives will require several more years of use, as most of the women who are now reaching the age of highest incidence of ovarian cancer of epithelial origin had several children prior to the availability of oral contraceptives. The only consistent risk factor when a discriminant analysis is carried out is a low number of pregnancies. PMID- 3242823 TI - Hemoglobinuria detection in 195 urology patients. AB - There is a definite need for the development of a specific and sensitive diagnostic test for the detection of hematuria in patients with bladder and kidney cancer. It is well established that hemoglobin in the urine may be indicative of bladder and/or kidney cancer as well as other types of lesions of the urinary tract. We have developed a specific and sensitive immunological assay for the detection of human hemoglobin in urine. This test has several important advantages over the currently used chemical tests. A mouse monoclonal antibody specific for human hemoglobin was produced and used in the development of a double-antibody biotinylated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that specifically detected hemoglobin in the urine of 195 urology patients. The results from this assay were compared with data from an evaluation of the same specimen using a polyclonal antibody biotinylated ELISA (PE) as well as a dipstick test in a blind screening study. The monoclonal antibody biotinylated ELISA (ME) possessed a much higher level of sensitivity and specificity over the dipstick test. In addition, we determined that monoclonal as well as polyclonal antibody can detect not only normal hemoglobin but also abnormal hemoglobins in urine. Of the total 195 urology patients in all diagnostic categories, the ME test was positive for detection of hemoglobin in 28 more patients (35% more) than were detected by the dipstick test. Importantly, four of these 28 patients detected by the ME but undetected by the dipstick were patients with bladder or kidney cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242824 TI - Lung cancer mortality trends in Canada from 1931 to 1982. AB - Lung cancer is the leading cancer that causes premature death in Canadian men, and it is the second leading cancer that causes death in Canadian women. To assess the long-term mortality of this disease, we collected and analyzed data from 1931 to 1982. A 3-year base period was used to obtain person-years exposure using the Newton-Cotes method. All rates were standardized to the 1956 Canadian population for age and sex using the direct method. Standard errors of age standardized death rates (ASDR) were computed using Chiang's method. The ASDRs have increased both for men and women. The increases in older age groups are due to a large, absolute increase in lung cancer-caused mortality in both sexes. Although the absolute increase in lung cancer is greater in men, the percentage of increase is greater in women, especially in the younger age groups. The mortality trends for lung cancer in both men and women appear to be consistent with the tobacco consumption in the population. Given the relatively low survival rates for lung cancer, preventive strategies are urgently required. PMID- 3242825 TI - Immunocompetence in lung cancer patients: analysis of serological and cellular parameters. AB - Some serological (serum immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, quantitative assessment of hemolytic complement activity) and cellular (total number of circulating lymphocytes as well their phenotypic and functional characterization) parameters have been analyzed in 42 patients with lung cancer of three hystologic types and in 19 healthy controls to define whether different histologic neoplasms have an impact on the host immune system. As a group, cancer patients showed 1) the presence of circulating immune complexes, in a significant percentage, within all the three groups studied; and 2) a significant reduction of lymphocytes forming E rosette. With regard to cellular immune parameters we noted that 1) T lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with lung cancer showed a decreased capacity to express HLA-class II antigens upon phytohemogglutinin (PHA) activation in vitro; 2) PBL from lung cancer, in particular the adenocarcinoma group, failed to proliferate upon stimulation by policlonal mitogens; and 3) the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) of non-T/T-type was impaired in all three groups, whereas the autologous MLR of T/T-type was impaired only in the patients with squamous cell carcinoma and in those with adenocarcinoma, probably as a result of a reduced stimulatory capacity. PMID- 3242826 TI - The National Mortality Survey of China: implications for cancer control and prevention. AB - Findings of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Cancer Mortality Survey were reviewed for historic background, implications for etiologic-interventive clues, and transitional experience among Chinese migrants. Rates, calculated using the 10% sample census, were all age-adjusted. Cancer comprised about 10% of total deaths, with stomach cancer as the top killer. Minority rates, adjusted to the 1964 China population, ranged from 26.7 (Miao) to 127.5 (Kazak). Multiple high risk areas were noted for cancer of the esophagus and other sites, and urban rates exceeded those for rural areas. The transitional experience among U.S. Chinese was examined at geographic-generational levels. Among U.S. Chinese, downward trends were found for cancers known as to be high-risk for Asian-Chinese (nasopharynx, esophagus, liver, uterus, and perhaps stomach). The reverse was true for low-risk sites (colon, lung leukemia, and female breast). Lung and colorectal cancers among females were the only major sites for which foreign-born Chinese had higher rates than U.S.-born. PMID- 3242827 TI - Variation of leukocyte neuraminidase with Duke stage in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. AB - In 14 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum (Duke stages A to D), positive results for neuraminidase were obtained with the isolated leukocytes at pH 6. These were tested by a cytochemical method using a chromogenic substrate for neuraminidase. Under the same conditions, normal leukocyte neuraminidase has a pH optimum of 4. The percentage of leukocytes showing neuraminidase activity increased with the progression of Duke stage and presence of liver or peritoneal metastases. Neuraminidase activity was also found in tumor and metastases specimens of these patients as well as in a human cell line derived from colonic adenocarcinoma (HT-29). Neuraminidase antibodies were found in blood and certain tumor materials. Neuraminidase inhibition tests were positive with neuraminidase inhibitors, patients' sera, N2 neuraminidase antibodies, and antisera against some type C retroviruses (GaLV and MLV), which were used because highly purified MLV preparations proved to contain biologically active neuraminidase (N2). PMID- 3242828 TI - Ultrastructural descriptions of interactions between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor cells in an in vitro model of culture in serum-free medium. AB - The ultrastructural morphological characteristics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and their interactions with tumor cells were studied in a model previously described. In fresh surgical specimens taken from cancer patients, TIL are found in different amounts, in physical contact with tumor cells, without evident cytotoxic activity. As the culture ages in vitro, however, changes appear in the morphology of the TIL along with degenerative changes and eventually death of the tumor cells. The attachments of the TIL to the tumor cells undergo changes as well. During these changes, some proteinaceous material seems to be secreted by the TIL and transferred to the tumor cells. It is inferred that these changes are related to acquisition of cytotoxicity of the TIL, and this possibility is addressed in the discussion. The morphology of the TIL is that of elongated mononuclear cells. They display motility in the culture medium when not attached to tumor cells. Some of these cellular extensions may be quite impressive in their length and tortuosity, and they are described in detail. An attempt is made to speculate on their function as well. PMID- 3242829 TI - Antitumor activity of tritiated tumor polysaccharide substance (H3-TPS) in sarcoma 180 of mice. AB - Small doses of H3-TPS given to newborn mice have been found to induce protection in 70% of mice transplanted with sarcoma (Sa) 180. Mice rendered tolerant with large doses of TPS and DNA from Sa 180 in early life developed large tumors after transplantation with Sa 180. Subsequent treatment with H3-TPS gave rise to 90% cure, the result of "reverse tolerance" (Makari JG: Nature 205:1178, 1965). Macrophages (M phi s) selectively phagocytose polysaccharides and are thus labeled by H3-TPS. Radioisotope studies showed that the greater the tritium level in a tumor, the smaller its size, with the highest levels found at the cured tumor area (CTA). The radioactivity in progressively deeper samples of tumors demonstrated a bimodal peak in activity in large tumors, indicating inability of most M phi s to pierce the tumor, and a peak in small tumors indicating penetration of tumor by M phi s. Mice whose M phi s have already been stimulated by microbial infection have much higher cure rates and much higher H3-TPS uptake at the CTA. The local increase of uptake of H3-TPS at the CTA in the immunostimulated groups (whether by experimental stimulation or by natural infection) is believed to reflect increased proliferation and increased phagocytosis leading to M phi stimulation and tumoricidal activity. In the "reverse tolerant" group, in which the uptake of H3-TPS is low despite a high ratio of of H3-TPS uptake in CTA/tumor, the mechanism of cure seems to be one of marked stimulation by H3-TPS of the M phi surface membrane without phagocytosis, resulting in the activation of M phi s to tumoricidal activity. Thus M phi stimulation and M phi activation seem to be the basis for the antitumor effect of H3-TPS. PMID- 3242830 TI - Cytogenetic studies of renal cell carcinoma. AB - To examine the possibility that patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have chromosomal abnormalities at a common gene locus, we undertook a study of patients with and without a history of hereditary disease as part of an ongoing population-based case-control study of risk factors in RCC. We identified 112 patients for cytogenetic study. Chromosome preparations were made from peripheral blood cultures with standard and giemsa (GTG) banding techniques. C-banding was used to determine C-polymorphism. Eighty-nine cases had completely normal male and female karyotypes. Twenty-seven of them had C-polymorphism. In 16 patients, random numerical and structural abnormalities were observed. In the remaining seven patients, four had mosaic karyotypes, and the other three showed structural abnormalities. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of the abnormal karyotypes between the hereditary and nonhereditary RCC patients. This concludes a negative cytogenetic study of RCC patients that failed to show any constitutional rearrangement in blood cells. PMID- 3242831 TI - Reperfusion induced enzyme release: washout effect or manifestation of reperfusion damage? AB - Isolated isovolumically contracting rat hearts were subjected to ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion to determine whether reperfusion induced release of lactate dehydrogenase from the heart was due to washout of previously unperfused areas by reflow or a manifestation of myocardial damage occurring during reperfusion. Hearts were exposed to 2 h of ischaemia alone or to 2 h of ischaemia followed by reperfusion for at least 2 h. Below an ischaemic coronary flow rate of 40% of the preischaemic value drainage of enzymes liberated from irreversibly damaged myocytes was impaired owing to the presence of unperfused myocardium. The lactate dehydrogenase activity released during 2 h of ischaemia was maximally 60 U per heart and during 2 h of reperfusion maximally 251 U per heart (comprising together 89% of cardiac lactate dehydrogenase content). Lactate dehydrogenase activity released during reperfusion correlated with ischaemic coronary flow rate (r = -0.93). Reperfusion induced reflow of previously unperfused regions resulted in washout of liberated but trapped lactate dehydrogenase, predominantly responsible for lactate dehydrogenase release if ischaemia was severe (ischaemic flow rate below 40%). After the onset of reperfusion there was partial initial recovery of left ventricular developed pressure, with a gradual decline thereafter. In experiments in which ischaemia induced unperfused areas could be excluded--that is, at ischaemic flow rates of 40% or higher--reperfusion gave rise to lactate dehydrogenase release closely associated in time with the decline of left ventricular developed pressure. It is concluded that in this rat heart preparation reperfusion --takes place in previously underperfused (low flow) myocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3242832 TI - Myocardial enzyme depletion in infarcted human hearts: infarct size and equivalent tissue mass. AB - Myocardial activities of several enzymes were measured in infarcted and non infarcted areas of heart sections obtained from eight patients who died after acute myocardial infarction. Similar data were obtained from four patients with cardiovascular disorders who died from causes other than myocardial infarction and from six patients without previously known heart disease. It was found that both non-infarcted and infarcted tissue samples contained considerably altered enzyme activities. This finding explains the low correlations between enzymatic and histological estimates of infarct size previously reported. However, when the residual myocardial activities of different enzymes were compared with each other, a close correlation was found between creatine kinase, alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase. It appears that the pathological changes in the myocardial activities of these enzymes may be explained by the phenomenon of diluted myocardium. This indicates that myocardial injury, as estimated from plasma enzyme activities, may still be expressed meaningfully in gram equivalents of healthy myocardium. PMID- 3242833 TI - Influence of tachycardia and arterial hypertension on infarct size in the pig. AB - To investigate the clinically important but controversial question of how hypertension during coronary occlusion affects infarct size 24 pigs underwent 1 h occlusion of the mid left anterior descending coronary artery and 24 h reperfusion and were randomised to one of three treatment groups. In group 1 blood pressure was increased during the occlusion period by an infusion of methoxamine; in group 2 tachycardia was induced by atrial pacing; and in group 3 no intervention was performed. The area at risk and infarct size were quantified by digital planimetry of slices of myocardium previously marked with fluorescein and with triphenyl-tetrazolium. Methoxamine maintained mean aortic blood pressure at 117 (SEM8) mmHg during occlusion, whereas the values were 80(6) mmHg in group 2 and 67(9) mmHg in group 3. Pacing increased heart rate to 146(1) beats.min-1 in group 2; it was 103(5) in group 1 and 99(8) in group 3. The pressure-rate product achieved was similar in groups 1 and 2 and significantly higher than in group 3. The pathological studies showed infarct size to be moderately but significantly larger in group 1 (14[3.5]% of the left ventricle) and similar in groups 2 (10.5[3.9]%) and 3 (10.1[2.2]%). The ratio of infarct size to area at risk was also significantly higher (0.743[0.057]) in group 1 with no differences between group 2 (0.604[0.055]) and group 3 (0.613[0.027]). At similar pressure-rate product, infarct size was thus greater with hypertension but not with pacing alone, showing a deleterious effect of increasing blood pressure in this experimental model with negligible collateral blood flow. PMID- 3242834 TI - Pressure-flow relations in the pulmonary artery during myocardial ischaemia: implications for right ventricular function in coronary disease. AB - Because exercise induced pulmonary hypertension may disturb optimal coupling between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery in coronary artery disease, high fidelity pulmonary artery and right ventricular pressure and electromagnetic pulmonary artery flow velocity data were recorded at rest and during supine exercise in 10 control subjects free of detectable cardiovascular disease and in 11 patients with coronary artery disease. The pulmonary artery impedance and power spectra were calculated from Fourier analysis of pressure and flow waveforms. Total hydraulic power expended per unit of forward flow was computed as an index of right ventricular-pulmonary artery coupling. In coronary artery disease exercise produced substantial increases in pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery characteristic impedance, and total power per unit flow. These changes did not occur in control subjects. Despite a significant exercise increase in right ventricular end diastolic pressure and peak right ventricular dP/dt, and independent of the presence of right coronary artery involvement, the right ventricular stroke output response during exercise was significantly blunted in the coronary artery disease patients. Pulmonary vascular resistance was unchanged by exercise in either group. Exercise induced ischaemia presents an increased pulsatile hydraulic load to the right ventricle. Increased pulmonary artery input impedance impairs the hydraulic efficiency of right ventricular pulmonary artery coupling and may contribute to the limitation of right ventricular ejection performance in coronary artery disease. PMID- 3242835 TI - Quantification of arrhythmias using scoring systems: an examination of seven scores in an in vivo model of regional myocardial ischaemia. AB - Arrhythmia scores have been used in recent years to facilitate the analysis of arrhythmias, particularly in relation to regional myocardial ischaemia. The recent Lambeth Conventions recommended caution in the use of arrhythmia scores since their use may be misleading. In the present study seven scoring systems were examined in an attempt to validate the use of arrhythmia scores. A strong positive correlation was present between all seven scores. Furthermore, the scores all correlated with the incidences of ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular premature beats in early myocardial ischaemia. All seven scores successfully detected statistically significant reductions in the incidence of ventricular fibrillation resulting from the administration of two drugs. Some of the scores occasionally showed statistically significant reductions when effects on the raw arrhythmia data were not statistically significant. In this respect, parametric statistical analysis of arrhythmia scores may be a more sensitive method of quantifying arrhythmias than non-parametric analysis of binomially distributed raw data such as the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (in accordance with the power of such tests) indicating that the scores have precision. However, none of the scores incorrectly showed a statistically significant reduction when the raw data expressed a statistically significant or non-significant increase, indicating that the scores have accuracy. In conclusion, it is possible to design many arrhythmia scores that show changes in arrhythmia severity when more conventional analyses show only non-statistically significant trends. When used in conjunction with raw arrhythmia data, comprehensive drug dose ranges, and appropriate parametric statistical tests, arrhythmia scores facilitate the quantification of arrhythmias. It is recommended that arrhythmia scores should be used only for quantifying group data and model building and not for prognostic purposes in individuals. PMID- 3242836 TI - Vascular changes in forearm and calf during sleep in man. AB - Cardiovascular variables were monitored in 15 healthy young subjects during night sleep and in waking state during the day. Forearm and calf blood flow, blood pressure, and interbeat interval were measured at regular intervals with simultaneous monitoring of electroencephalogram, EOG, and chin, calf, and forearm EMG during sleep. In eight subjects the same variables were monitored during the day in recumbent positions. Large variations in all recorded cardiovascular variables were observed during sleep. Calf and forearm blood flow and conductance varied independently and reached increases of up to 700% of the resting value. Variations during the day were less frequent and smaller; heart rate also showed large variations. None of the changes showed any association with the sleep stages. The origin of the variations is uncertain; during sleep the neuronal networks integrating and patterning cardiovascular response may not be exerting their control. As a result the cardiovascular variables behave in an independent fashion. A parallel is drawn with dreams, which consist of disjointed and distorted information encoded during waking hours. PMID- 3242837 TI - Cefaclor safety profile: a ten-year review. PMID- 3242838 TI - [The logic of integrating health and social care]. PMID- 3242840 TI - [Specific clinical features of the adolescent period]. PMID- 3242839 TI - [Renal toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]. PMID- 3242841 TI - [Personal experience with heart surgery in patients over 60 years of age]. PMID- 3242842 TI - [Modern therapy of bone infections]. PMID- 3242843 TI - [3-day therapy of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections using low-dose ciprofloxacin]. PMID- 3242844 TI - [Postoperative blindness. A potential consequence of intracranial decompression?]. PMID- 3242845 TI - Mutual inhibitory activities of tumor-degenerating factor (TDF) and fibronectin. AB - It was reported in our previous studies that the "spongy degeneration-like" changes of human tumor cells were detected by coculture with human embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. It was discovered that the degenerative changes were mediated by a factor secreted from human embryonic fibroblasts. This factor was named the tumor-degenerating factor (TDF). The present study found that fibronectin inhibited TDF activity while TDF inhibited cell attachment mediated by fibronectin. It was possible that these mutual inhibitions were due to the direct binding of the TDF molecule to the fibronectin molecule. Since it is well known that fibronectin is composed of multiple domains which differ in their biological activities, this study also attempted to clarify which domain(s) inhibit TDF activity, through the use of trypsin, thermolysin and 2-nitro-5 thiocyanobenzoic acid (NTCB). It is concluded that multiple domains of fibronectin are required for the inhibition of TDF activity. PMID- 3242846 TI - Secretion of a novel cell-adhesive protein distinct from fibronectin by mouse L.P3 cells growing in protein- and lipid-free synthetic medium. AB - Several cell lines growing in protein- and lipid-free synthetic medium secreted cell-adhesive protein(s) into the medium. The conditioned medium (CM) of one of these cell lines, mouse L.P3, showed the highest cell attachment-promoting activity (CPA) among them. Cell-adhesive protein(s) in the CM of L.P3 cells (L.P3 CM) were separated into two types by sequential affinity column chromatography employing gelatin-Sepharose 4B and heparin-Sepharose 4B. One was a gelatin- and heparin-binding cell-adhesive protein (GCP), and was identified as a cellular form of mouse fibronectin. The other was a gelatin-non-binding and heparin binding cell-adhesive protein (GNCP). The CPA of GNCP preparation was effective for the cell-attachment and spreading of both epithelial and fibroblastic cells. The CPA of GNCP preparation was not blocked by the antiserum and scarcely inhibited in the presence of the synthetic cell attachment-promoting peptide Gly Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro, a competitive inhibitor of fibronectin. This suggests that the structure of the cell-attachment site of GNCP is different from that of fibronectin. The GNCP preparation showed little cross-reactivity with anti-mouse laminin antiserum in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These results demonstrate the possibility that GNCP in L.P3-CM is a novel cell-adhesive protein distinct from fibronectin or laminin. The secretion of the two types of cell adhesive proteins by L.P3 cells is discussed. PMID- 3242848 TI - Papers presented at the forty-first annual meeting of the Japan Society for Cell Biology. Nagoya, 17-19 November 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3242847 TI - Establishment and characterization of an epithelial cell line, SGE1, from isolated rat renal glomeruli. AB - An epithelial cell line, designated as SGE1, has been established from isolated rat renal glomeruli. SGE1 cells are able to grow continuously in a serum-free medium at similar growth rates to those in the medium containing serum. Quantitative studies of the cells in the serum-free condition demonstrated that SGE1 cells required a collagen type I or IV, fibronectin, or laminin-coated substratum for adhesion and growth, and among them, collagen type I and IV were most effective. Essential medium supplements for the adhesion and growth were epidermal growth factor and transferrin, respectively, and both effects were noticeably enhanced with linoleic acid. Morphological observation found that in a monolayer culture, SGE1 cells formed domes, and in a collagen embedding culture, they formed cystic spheres having features of a simple cuboidal epithelium, polarized formation of microvilli and tight junctions as well as a lateral cell membrane with cytoplasmic projections. In addition, SGE1 cells expressed Fx1A antigens, which are nephritogenic antigens on their microvilli. PMID- 3242849 TI - [Selection of dosage in experimental animals in pharmacology research with regard to dosage in man]. PMID- 3242850 TI - [Determination of phenylbutazone in blood using HPLC]. PMID- 3242851 TI - [The past, the present and future perspectives of drugs for the treatment of blood circulation disorders]. PMID- 3242852 TI - [Drugs which affect the function of blood platelets]. PMID- 3242853 TI - [Chorionic alpha-2-microglobulin (CAG-2), its characteristics and clinical use]. PMID- 3242855 TI - [Restitution of myocardial contractility]. PMID- 3242854 TI - [Antifibrillatory and cardiovascular effects of VULM 456, a quaternary salt of exaprolol, on anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 3242856 TI - [Regulation of contractility of the cardiac muscle on the basis of contractile proteins]. PMID- 3242858 TI - [Cardioprotective effects of verapamil on mitochondrial function in the ischemic myocardium]. PMID- 3242859 TI - [Myocardial contraction and calcium antagonists during ontogenesis]. PMID- 3242857 TI - [Contractility of the isolated dog heart after a 4-hour period of ischemia]. PMID- 3242860 TI - [Analysis of the intraventricular pressure curve in the isolated heart using a microcomputer]. PMID- 3242861 TI - [Protective effect of diltiazem on post-ischemic restoration of contractility]. PMID- 3242863 TI - [Changes in left ventricular contractility in acute myocardial infarct in the echocardiographic picture]. PMID- 3242862 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function in ischemic heart disease: hemodynamic, volumetric response and changes in wall kinetics during double left ventricular angiography]. PMID- 3242864 TI - [Use of electromagnetic kinetocardiography in studying myocardial contractility]. PMID- 3242865 TI - Organization of ribosomal RNA genes in the fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus. AB - The genes encoding the 17S, 5.8S and 25S ribosomal RNAs in the Ascomycete Cochliobolus heterostrophus were cloned and analyzed. They are arranged in tandemly repeated units (rDNA) either 9.0 or 9.15 kilobases in length, depending upon the strain. The 5S rRNA genes are not part of the tandemly repeated rDNA. Instead, many and perhaps all of the 5S genes are dispersed in the genome, as they are in the fungi Neurospora, Aspergillus and Schizosaccharomyces. Comparative restriction maps of the rDNA from C. heterostrophus and other filamentous fungi and yeasts are presented. A survey of rDNAs from twenty-three field isolates of C. heterostrophus collected worldwide demonstrated that each isolate has one or the other of two rDNA forms, which differ in length and in the presence or absence of at least three restriction enzyme sites. The differences are all located in spacer DNA outside the coding regions for the rRNA genes. Heterogeneity in the rDNA repeat was not observed within any single isolate. The copy number of the rRNA gene cluster in C. heterostrophus is approximately 130 per haploid genome. PMID- 3242869 TI - Update on infectious syphilis in Canada--1986. PMID- 3242866 TI - Transfer RNA genes and the genetic code in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mitochondria. AB - Only three tRNA genes are present within a sequenced 12.35 kbp region of the 15.8 kbp mtDNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga. The corresponding tRNAs, whose anticodons are specific for TGG (Trp), CAA/G (Gln) and ATG (Met) codons, all display conventional secondary structures. The tRNA(Met) gene encodes an elongator rather than initiator species. The standard genetic code is used in C. reinhardtii mitochondria, but codon distribution is highly biased: in a collection of six identified protein coding genes, nine codons (including TGA) are not used at all, while four other sense codons occur very infrequently. In spite of the absence of certain codons, a minimum of 23 tRNAs (assuming separate initiator and elongator tRNAs(Met) are used) is needed to translate the C. reinhardtii mitochondrial genetic code. It appears unlikely that this minimal tRNA set is encoded by C. reinhardtii mtDNA. PMID- 3242867 TI - Presence of a 16S rRNA pseudogene in the bi-molecular plastid genome of the primitive brown alga Pylaiella littoralis. Evolutionary implications. AB - The plastid genome of the brown alga Pylaiella littoralis (L.) Kjellm. is composed of two different circular DNA molecules: the largest carries two rrn operons, and the smallest, only one copy of both 16S and 23S rDNAs. 16S rDNA copies located on both molecules have been cloned and their nucleotide sequences determined: they are 65% homologous to one another. The expression of these genes was assayed by hybridizing in vivo labelled P. littoralis rRNAs to both clones, and specific oligonucleotides to total RNA from P. littoralis. Results indicate that the 16S rDNA copy located on the small molecule is a pseudogene. Comparisons of the functional gene with other 16S rRNA genes shows that chloroplasts from green plants emerged earlier from the cyanobacterial lineage than Euglena gracilis and Pylaiella littoralis plastids. PMID- 3242868 TI - Organization and nucleotide sequence of the broad bean chloroplast genes trnL UAG, ndhF and two unidentified open reading frames. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 6.9 kbp BamHI-XbaI fragment of broad bean chloroplasts. Part of this fragment (subfragment BglII-ClaI) is known to contain three tRNA genes (trnL-CAA, trnL-UAA and trnF). We have now further identified a gene coding for the third tRNA(Leu) isoacceptor (trnL-UAG) which is located close to trnF. The BamHI-XbaI fragment also contains the gene for subunit 5 of NADH dehydrogenase (ndhF) and two unidentified open reading frames (ORFx and ORF48). ORFx shares a high sequence homology with the long reading frames of tobacco (ORF1708), spinach (ORF2131), and liverwort (ORF2136), while ORF48 shares sequence homology with ORF69 of liverwort and ORF55 of tobacco. PMID- 3242870 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused children. PMID- 3242871 TI - Salmonella infantis in a hospital obstetrical department--Ontario. PMID- 3242872 TI - Laboratory evidence of influenza in Canada. PMID- 3242873 TI - AIDS due to HIV-2 infection--New Jersey. PMID- 3242874 TI - Paralytic shellfish poisoning--British Columbia. PMID- 3242875 TI - Nitrogen dioxide poisoning at a skating rink--Quebec. PMID- 3242876 TI - Outbreak of hepatitis A--China. PMID- 3242877 TI - Screening for parasites in a selected group of foreign students--Alberta. PMID- 3242878 TI - National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI). Statement on influenza vaccination for the 1988-1989 season. PMID- 3242879 TI - Influenza B outbreak at a Canadian Forces Base--Nova Scotia. PMID- 3242881 TI - Intoxication following mussel ingestion. PMID- 3242880 TI - Probable outbreak of influenza B in a nursing home--Ontario. PMID- 3242882 TI - Hepatitis B immune globulins and HIV antibodies. PMID- 3242883 TI - Growth hormone treatment and leukemia. Canadian Growth Hormone Advisory Committee. PMID- 3242884 TI - Travel restrictions and HIV antibody screening. PMID- 3242885 TI - Universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and other bloodborne pathogens in health-care settings. PMID- 3242887 TI - An unusual Corynebacterium group JK infection--Quebec. PMID- 3242886 TI - HIV-2 infection detected in Canada. PMID- 3242888 TI - Testing pregnant women for HBsAg: a pilot study in Manitoba. PMID- 3242889 TI - Occupational exposure to HIV infection among health-care workers at the Toronto General Hospital. PMID- 3242890 TI - Influenza virus activity in Canada. PMID- 3242891 TI - An outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis at a resort--Ontario. PMID- 3242892 TI - Influenza B outbreak in a home for the aged--Ontario. PMID- 3242893 TI - Control of influenza in long-term care facilities, including use of amantadine. PMID- 3242894 TI - Contamination of multi-dose vials due to repeat usage of syringes for aspiration- Nova Scotia. PMID- 3242895 TI - Mycobacterium haemophilum in Quebec. PMID- 3242896 TI - Occupational exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus among health-care workers in Canada. PMID- 3242897 TI - STD testing of suspected sexually abused children at a pediatric hospital. PMID- 3242898 TI - Aseptic meningitis at Royal Alexandra Hospitals, Edmonton, Alberta. PMID- 3242899 TI - Costs of pelvic inflammatory disease and associated sequelae in Canada. PMID- 3242900 TI - Poliomyelitis outbreak in Israel. PMID- 3242901 TI - Mumps meningitis, possibly vaccine-related--Ontario. PMID- 3242902 TI - Outbreak of Campbell de Morgan spots in a nursing home--Alberta. PMID- 3242903 TI - Influenza B outbreak in a nursing home--Alberta. PMID- 3242904 TI - Influenza activity in Canada. PMID- 3242905 TI - Antigenic analysis of influenza A and B viruses. PMID- 3242906 TI - Peritonitis due to Methylobacterium mesophilicum complicating ambulatory peritoneal dialysis--British Columbia. PMID- 3242907 TI - Global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. PMID- 3242908 TI - Prevalence of HIV-1 infection among injection drug users in Montreal, 1985-1987. PMID- 3242909 TI - Influenza in Canada. PMID- 3242910 TI - Official policy on release of smallpox vaccine in Canada. PMID- 3242911 TI - Measles in Montreal, Quebec. PMID- 3242912 TI - [The cholinergic system in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia]. PMID- 3242913 TI - [Endogenous depression. (A 20-year follow-up representative of a group of patients)]. PMID- 3242914 TI - [Summary of the results of a study of heredity of intelligence in a sample of the population. I]. PMID- 3242915 TI - [Types of therapeutic groups in the treatment of neuroses]. PMID- 3242916 TI - [Psychological disorders and thyropathies]. PMID- 3242917 TI - [The effect of the group structure on the course of group therapy in neuroses]. PMID- 3242918 TI - [The organization and tasks of forensic psychiatry in Czechoslovakia. New principles of professional training, control of work and possibilities of scientific research]. PMID- 3242919 TI - [Therapy in child psychiatry]. PMID- 3242920 TI - [Intensive care in psychiatry. II. The link between intensive psychiatry care and somatic care]. PMID- 3242922 TI - [Basic methodology for the development of a program in social medicine for the dispensarization of the entire population. I]. PMID- 3242921 TI - [Major developmental trends in the health status of the population in the East Bohemia Region]. PMID- 3242924 TI - [The development of prospective planning, forecasting and strategic administration of health care in Czechoslovakia. 1969-1987]. PMID- 3242923 TI - [Methods of determining utilization of diabetic care]. PMID- 3242925 TI - [Vascular pseudotumors in the mediastinum in the CT picture]. PMID- 3242926 TI - [Intracranial arachnoid cysts--therapy using percutaneous drainage catheters]. PMID- 3242927 TI - [Personal experience with enteroclysis]. PMID- 3242928 TI - [The contribution of computer tomography in improving the diagnosis of disorders of the thoracic wall and pleura]. PMID- 3242929 TI - [Experience in coordinating the radical correction of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 3242930 TI - [Effective work of head nurses]. PMID- 3242932 TI - [Some problems need special attention in therapeutic embolization in hepatic artery surgery]. PMID- 3242931 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of preventing mastitis through ante-partum propaganda and education]. PMID- 3242933 TI - [Opinions on the current state of scientific nursing research]. PMID- 3242934 TI - [Determination of indican in Polygonum tinctorium ait. in various growth periods]. PMID- 3242935 TI - [Comparison of the contents of the main chemical constituents in various processed preparations of ginger]. PMID- 3242936 TI - [Effects of various pressure and temperature of steam on the alkaloid content of Aconitum kusnezoffii reichb]. PMID- 3242937 TI - [Studies on factors affecting the disintegration of the niuhuang jiedu tablet]. PMID- 3242938 TI - [Experimental studies on determining pharmacokinetics of injections of traditional Chinese medicine based on the storing patterns]. PMID- 3242939 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of the herb Lysimachia christinae hance]. PMID- 3242940 TI - [Antimutagenicity assays of water extracted from the fruits of Cnidium monnieri (L.) cuss]. PMID- 3242941 TI - [Effects of the seeds of Ziziphus spinosa hu on the immune function of mice]. PMID- 3242943 TI - [Research on the mechanism and effect of cold and hot compound prescriptions and rhizoma anemarrhenae on the sympathetic nervous system]. PMID- 3242942 TI - [Effect of shouerkang prescription on stress in old rats]. PMID- 3242944 TI - [A preliminary investigation on herbal medicines of "huanyang" in Shennongjia]. PMID- 3242945 TI - [Studies on the identification of zhushagen (Ardisia crenata sims), kaihoujian [A. crispa(thunb.) A.DC.] and their analogues]. PMID- 3242946 TI - Synthesis and characterization of deoxy analogues of diphytanylglycerol phospholipids. AB - Novel analogues of diphytanyl phospholipids, 2,3-diphytanyl sn-1-glycerol-1 phosphoryl-1'-(1',3'-propanediol) (dPG), 2,3-diphytanyl-sn-glycerol-1-phosphoryl 1'-propanol (ddPG) and 2,3-diphytanyl-sn-glycerol-1-phosphoryl-1'-(1',3' propanediol-3'-p hosphate) (dPGP), were synthesized according to modifications of previously published procedures. The samples were TLC and analytically pure and were characterized by 13C- and 1H-NMR and negative FAB/MS. The pK values of dPGP in aqueous dispersions or in methanol/water (1:1, v/v) were determined by potentiometric titration and compared with those of 2,3-diphytanyl-sn-glycerol-1 phosphoryl-3'-sn-glycerol-1'-phosphat e (PGP). The dissociation constant of the third ionizable POH group of dPGP was more than 2 pK units higher than that of PGP, indicating that the free glycerol hydroxyl group plays an important role in headgroup conformation and stabilization, perhaps through hydrogen bonding with the phosphate group(s). PMID- 3242947 TI - Interaction of surfactants with bilayer of negatively charged lipid: effect on gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition of dilauroylphosphatidic acid vesicle membrane. AB - The interaction of surfactants with the vesicle membrane of the negatively charged lipid, dilauroylphosphatidic acid, was investigated through their effect on the gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition of the lipid bilayer. Three types of surfactants (anionic, cationic and non-ionic) with different hydrocarbon chain length were examined. (i) Anionic sodium alkylsulfates affected the phase transition temperature, Tm, only weakly. (ii) Non-ionic alkanoyl-N methylglucamides decreased Tm monotonously with increasing concentration. The depression of Tm induced by these surfactants was analyzed by applying the van't Hoff model for the freezing-point depression, and the partition coefficients of the surfactants between bulk water and lipid membrane were estimated. (iii) Cationic alkyltrimethylammonium bromides affected Tm in a complex manner depending on the hydrocarbon chain length of the surfactants. Octyl-/tetradecyl trimethylammonium bromide depressed/elevated Tm monotonously with increasing concentration, whereas the change in Tm induced by decyl- and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromides was not monotonous but biphasic. This complex behavior of the phase transition temperature was well explained, based on the statistical mechanical theory presented by Suezaki et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 818 (1985) 31-37), which takes into account the interaction between surfactant molecules incorporated in the lipid membrane. PMID- 3242948 TI - Theoretical analysis of a site-specific chemiluminescence reaction and its application to quantitation of lipid hydroperoxides. AB - A system was designed for chemiluminescent measurement of lipid hydroperoxides by their site-specific reaction in sodium dodecylsulfate micelles. Ferrous ion induced decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides in the sodium dodecylsulfate micelles resulted in strong chemiluminescence of the Cypridina luciferin analog, 2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyrazin-3-one (CLA). After addition of ferrous sulfate to the micelles containing lipid hydroperoxide and luciferin, the chemiluminescence intensity reached a maximum rapidly and then decreased. The sequence of this reaction was elucidated by theoretical analysis, which demonstrated that the maximum chemiluminescence intensity is proportional to the initial concentration of hydroperoxide. Good linear relationships were observed between the maximum counts of chemiluminescence and the amounts of hydroperoxides of linoleic acid, phosphatidylcholine, choresterol (5 alpha), cumene and tert-butyl and hydrogen peroxide. This chemiluminescence method was simple and sensitive enough to detect picomole levels of linoleic acid and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides. PMID- 3242949 TI - Structure and phase behavior of hydrated mixtures of L dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and palmitic acid. Correlations between structural rearrangements, specific volume changes and endothermic events. AB - Several new features of the phase diagram of L-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/palmitic acid mixtures in excess water were established by means of static and time-resolved X-ray diffraction, densitometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At low temperatures, palmitic acid has a biphasic effect on the lamellar subgel phases: at concentrations below 5-6 mol%, it prevents formation of the DPPC subgel phase (Lc), while at higher contents (between about 40 and 90 mol%) another subgel phase (Lccom) is formed as a result of lipid co crystallization at 1 DPPC: 2 palmitic acid stoichiometry. A crystalline palmitic acid phase separates from Lccom above 70-80 mol% of fatty acid. The Lccomphase transforms into a lamellar gel phase (L beta) in an endothermic transition centered at 38 degrees C. At high temperatures, the mixtures form hexagonal liquid-crystalline phase (HII) in the region of 60-70 mol% and an isotropic phase (I) at 90-100 mol% of palmitic acid. No coexistence of HII phase with the fluid lamellar phase of DPPC was observed at intermediate compositions (20 and 50 mol% of palmitic acid) but rather formation of a complex phase with non-periodic geometry characterized by molten chains and a broad, continuous small-angle scattering band. No evidence for fluid phase coexistence was found also at compositions between HII and I phases. The L beta--HII transition at 60-70 mol% of palmitic acids is readily reversible and two-state in both heating and cooling modes. It is characterized by the coexistence of initial and final phases with no detectable intermediates by time-resolved and static X-ray diffraction. The crystalline-isotropic transition in palmitic acid is two-state only in heating direction. On cooling, it is characterized by strong undercooling and gradually relaxing lamellar crystalline structures. The slowly reversible Lccom--L beta transition proceeds continuously through intermediate states. Although clearly discernible by both DSC and X-ray diffraction, it is not accompanied by specific volume changes. PMID- 3242950 TI - Differential scanning calorimetric study of the thermotropic phase behavior of a polymerizable, tubule-forming lipid. AB - A comparative study of the polymorphism exhibited by the polymerizable, tubule forming phospholipid 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (DC23PC) and its saturated analog 1,2-ditricosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DTPC) in aqueous suspension is reported. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as freeze-fracture electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, have been used to study the influence on phase behavior of rigid diacetylene groups in the fatty acyl chains of a phosphatidylcholine. DTPC large multilamellar vesicle (MLV) and small unilamellar vesicle (SUV) suspensions were found to retain liposome morphology after chain crystallization had occurred. In marked contrast, diacetylenic DC23PC suspensions do not maintain liposomal morphology in converting to the low temperature phase. Large MLVs of DC23PC with outer diameters in excess of 1 micron convert to a gel phase with cylindrical or tubular morphology at 38 degrees C, just a few degrees below the lipid's chain melting temperature (TM(H), i.e. temperature of an endothermic event observed during a heating scan) of 43.1 degrees C. Unlike the large MLVs, small MLVs or SUVs of DC23PC, with diameters of 0.4 +/- 0.3 micron and 0.04 +/- 0.02 micron, respectively, exhibit metastability in the liquid-crystalline state for several tens of degrees below the chain melting temperature prior to converting to a gel phase which, by electron microscopy, manifests itself as extended multilamellar sheets. Raman data collected at TM(H) -40 degrees C demonstrate that the gel state formed by DC23PC is very highly ordered relative to that of DTPC, suggesting that special chain packing requirements are responsible for the novel phase behavior of DC23PC. PMID- 3242951 TI - Precipitation of calcium palmitate from bile salt-containing dispersions. AB - Addition of calcium chloride to mixed micellar systems composed of sodium salts of palmitic acid and high concentrations of different bile acids results in precipitation of Ca(palmitate)2 only when the palmitate concentration exceeds a critical value, which is dependent on the concentrations of Ca2+, Na+ and bile salt, and on the type of bile salt used. All these dependencies, as well as the complex and interrelated effects of the various parameters on the kinetics of Ca(palmitate)2 precipitation are consistent with the following mechanism: (i) calcium binds to palmitate-bile salt mixed micelles and promotes their aggregation, at a rate governed by the concentration ratio between bound calcium and micelles (here denoted "binding ratio"). (ii) Ca(palmitate)2 precipitation occurs within the aggregate of micelles only if those micelles include sufficient amounts of Ca2+ and palmitate to allow for the formation of large enough crystal units of Ca(palmitate)2 which can serve as nucleation "seeds". Both the concentrations of micelles and Na+ have dual effects on the rate of precipitation. Increasing micelle concentration, by itself, accelerates aggregation but at the same time leads to a decrease of the binding ratio, thus reducing the rate of precipitation. Na+ which reduces the binding ratio through competitive binding also reduces the surface charge, thus assisting micelle aggregation. Our model also explains the facilitation of precipitation observed when phosphatidylcholine is contained in the palmitate-bile salt mixed micelles and the inhibitory effect of the water soluble bovine serum albumin. PMID- 3242952 TI - Phase diagrams of pseudo-binary phospholipid systems. I. Influence of the chain length differences on the miscibility properties of cephaline/cephaline/water systems. AB - The miscibility properties of homologous cephalines (PEs) were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The phase diagrams of 5 pseudo-binary cephaline/cephaline/water systems (50% water) are discussed. In the high temperature L alpha-phase, all the homologous cephalines of fatty acid chain length from C = 12 to C = 18 were completely miscible. On the other hand in the low temperature L beta-phase, a miscibility gap occurred in dependence on the differences of the acyl chain lengths. Further, a distinct succession of the phase diagram types was observed according to increasing chain length differences of the PEs: complete miscibility (systems di-(C12:O)-PE/di-(C14:O)-PE/H2O; di (C14:O)-PE/di-C(16:O)-PE/H2O)----peritectic mixing behaviour (systems di-(C12:O) PE/di-(C16:O)-PE/H2O; di-(C14:O)-PE/di-(C18:O)-PE/H2O)----eutectic mixing behaviour (system di-(C12:O)-PE/di-(C18:O)-PE/H2O). The change in the type of phase diagram from azeotropic to semi-azeotropic and from semi-azeotropic to eutectic is interpreted by means of the Landau theory. PMID- 3242953 TI - A facile synthesis of lanost-8-en-3 beta-ol-24-one (24-ketolanosterol). An inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. AB - A facile chemical synthesis of lanost-8-en-3 beta-ol-24-one (24-ketolanosterol) is described. This compound was found to be a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase activity in cultured mouse L cells. The synthetic scheme developed in this study utilizes commercial lanosterol as a starting material and involves selective hydroboration of the C-24 double bond followed by oxidation of the carbon-boron bond at C-24 by pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC). PMID- 3242954 TI - 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazides of polysialogangliosides. AB - Treatment with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine HCl in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, converts gangliosides to their dinitrophenylhydrazides. This derivatization is the basis of a useful method for HPLC determination of gangliosides (K. Miyazaki, N. Okamura, Y. Kishimoto and Y. C. Lee (1986) Biochem. J. 235, 755-761). This procedure, however, yields two different GT1b products. By characterizing these two products using plasma desorption mass spectrometry, proton magnetic resonance and other chemical and physical techniques, we found that either one or two of the three sialic acid carboxyl groups in GT1b, were converted to dinitrophenylhydrazides. The remaining underivatized carboxyl groups formed lactones with hydroxyl groups from other carbohydrate residues. Also, while sialic acid residues of GD1a were fully derivatized, only one sialic acid in GD1b, two sialic acids in GT1a and two in GQ1b were converted to dinitrophenylhydrazides, the remaining carboxyl groups probably forming lactones. Sialic acid residues between galactose of the gangliotetraose chain and another sialic acid in polysialogangliosides appear to be underivatized possibly because of steric hindrance. PMID- 3242955 TI - Phase behaviour of lipid X. AB - The phase behaviour of aqueous dispersions of lipid X, a precursor of bacterial lipopolysaccharides has been investigated by a variety of physico-chemical techniques. The results are consistent with the presence of disk-shaped micelles with an average diameter of 13 +/- 1.8 nm. The critical micellar concentration in water and physiological saline is 4 x 10(-5) M. Consistent with the formation of micelles in water and physiological saline is the finding that lipid X is in the liquid-crystalline state at temperatures higher than 0 degrees C. The packing and the dynamics of lipid X are characteristic of micelles. Close to the polar group the hydrocarbon chains are significantly more mobile and disordered than in the corresponding region of lipid bilayers. From monolayer studies an estimate of the molecular area of lipid X is derived; under physiological conditions the area/molecule is about 0.50 nm2 at 30 mN/m indicating that lipid X has a wedge like shape. The two pK values of the primary phosphate group of lipid X are pK1 approximately 1.3 and pK2 = 8.2. At pH values less than 7, the area/molecule decreases, i.e. the packing of the lipid X molecules becomes tighter, and there is also a decrease in the solubility of lipid X. As is characteristic of charged lipids, the state of aggregation (phase behaviour) of lipid X depends on pH, the ionic strength and the nature of the counterion. PMID- 3242956 TI - Photolysis of unsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides. 4. Fatty acid products from the aerobic decomposition of methyl 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoate dissolved in cyclohexane. AB - In the presence of oxygen, UV-irradiation of a solution of methyl 13(S) hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoate (13-HPOD) in cyclohexane leads to a broad pattern of reaction products of which a trihydroxyene, seven epoxyhydroxides, four hydroxydienes, four epoxyhydroperoxides, six oxodienes and an epoxycyclohexylene were identified as the main components. Two oxodienes having a (Z)-double bond adjacent to the carbonyl group and the epoxycyclohexylene are reported for the first time. In contrast to results published recently for the UV degradation of the 13-HPOD in methanol, the decomposition of the 13-HPOD in cyclohexane results in the formation of the 9-HPOD by a rearrangement of the hydroperoxy group. Consequently the reaction products are formed as mixtures of positional isomers. The reaction pathways leading to the identified compounds are discussed. PMID- 3242957 TI - Human monoclonal antibodies produced against bovine thyroglobuline by in vitro immunization. PMID- 3242958 TI - [Infectious endocarditis in the cancer patient]. PMID- 3242959 TI - [Autologous transfusion--autotransfusion]. PMID- 3242960 TI - [Blood products and plasma derivatives]. PMID- 3242961 TI - Opportunistic infections in AIDS. PMID- 3242962 TI - [An attempt at extemporaneous surveillance of blood donors with the aid of zinc protoporphyrin levels]. PMID- 3242963 TI - Therapeutic haemapheresis. PMID- 3242964 TI - [Preliminary investigation on cercarial dermatitis in Ali area of Xizang Autonomous Region, China]. PMID- 3242965 TI - [Role of microscopy stations for malaria in malaria control in Jiangsu Province]. PMID- 3242966 TI - [In vitro cultivation of Ancylostoma duodenale from 14th day juveniles to egg laying adults]. PMID- 3242967 TI - [Isolation and identification of Schistosoma japonicum messenger ribonucleic acid]. PMID- 3242968 TI - [Comparison of protein variation between Anopheles sinensis from Wuxi and Zhengzhou]. PMID- 3242969 TI - [Toxicity of tribendimidin, a new anti-hookworm drug]. PMID- 3242970 TI - [Changes in liver collagen metabolism and its significance during fibrosis formation of the liver in rabbits with schistosomiasis]. PMID- 3242971 TI - [Observation on indirect hemagglutination test with adult Onchocerca armillata antigen in the diagnosis of filariasis]. PMID- 3242972 TI - [Transmission electron microscopical observations on the effects of pyquiton on Pagumogonimus skrjabini in dogs]. PMID- 3242973 TI - City spore concentrations in the European Economic Community (EEC). VII. Oleaceae (Fraxinus, Ligustrum, Olea). AB - In this paper we present the results of volumetric sampling of the airborne pollen grains of the Oleaceae family (Fraxinus, Ligustrum and Olea) in some European towns, in the period from 1982 to 1986. The sampling and appraisal of pollen content in the air is of particular interest to clinicians and allergic patients in order to assess exposure to the various pollen types in relation to allergy. In the Oleaceae family, the most allergenic pollen is produced by Olea europaea, the olive tree, which in the Mediterranean area has a pollination period lasting from May to the end of June and sometimes causes severe symptoms of pollinosis. In Northern and Central Europe, where there are no olive trees, there are two other commonly occurring genera of the Oleaceae family, namely Fraxinus and Ligustrum, but these have a low frequency of allergic sensitization. PMID- 3242974 TI - Sensitivity to Parietaria pollen in the Southampton area as determined by skin prick and RAST tests. AB - The pollen of Parietaria species is a well-recognized and important inhalant allergen in the Mediterranean area. Parietaria judaica (Pellitory-of-the-Wall) is native to the U.K., flowering from June to September, but is not usually considered to be of any clinical importance by U.K. allergists. We skin tested 62 patients with a clinical history of summer seasonal respiratory symptoms and a control group of 11 patients with perennial respiratory symptoms only. Each was skin tested in duplicate with extracts of grass pollen, birch pollen, Parietaria pollen, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, nettle pollen and negative and positive controls, and serum samples were collected for RAST assays for Parietaria and nettle. Eight of the 62 patients in the main group showed skin reactivity to Parietaria. Five of these eight had never visited the Mediterranean area and therefore it is possible that sensitization occurred in the U.K. Thirteen of the 62 patients were skin reactive to nettle but there was no correlation between skin reactivity to Parietaria and nettle. This supports a recent report that, despite their close botanical relationship, no antigenic cross-reactivity exists between the two species. No correlation was seen between skin reactivity and serum RAST activity to Parietaria or nettle. It is not known whether exposure to Parietaria pollen contributes to the seasonal symptoms of the patients found to be skin reactive. None of the 11 patients in the control group was skin reactive to Parietaria. PMID- 3242975 TI - Late asthmatic reactions and bronchial variability after challenge with low doses of allergen. AB - Late allergic inflammatory reactions are probably of major importance for the development of asthma. In order to study the occurrence of early and late asthmatic reactions after challenge with different doses of allergen, inhalation provocation tests were performed in 13 patients with mild or moderate symptoms of allergic asthma. The provocation series was started with a low allergen dose (0.1 10 BU), which was then increased in successive ten-fold increments at intervals of 1 week until a pronounced bronchial reaction developed. Three different reaction patterns were observed. Six patients showed an isolated late reaction to relatively low doses of allergen. In four patients an immediate reaction was followed by a late reaction--a so-called dual response, and in three patients only an immediate reaction occurred. In four of the six patients who showed only a late reaction a higher allergen dose was given and this resulted in dual reactions in all four. One patient was challenged with an even higher dose, to which she reacted with an immediate response alone. After a late reaction, bronchial variability with low PEF values was observed over a period of several days. It is thus possible for an isolated late asthmatic reaction to be provoked by a low dose of inhaled allergen. This can be of clinical importance, repeated small doses of allergen may be unnoticed but still give bronchial inflammation and asthmatic symptoms. PMID- 3242976 TI - Diagnosis of allergy in different age groups of children: use of mixed allergen RAST discs, Phadiatop and Paediatric Mix. AB - Childhood asthma often begins in children under 3 years of age. Allergy contributes to the severity and persistence of childhood asthma so we examined the application of mixed allergen RAST discs (Paediatric Mix, a mixture of food antigens and Phadiatop, a mixture of inhalants) to the diagnosis of allergy. One hundred and nine children with a median age of 3 years, 71.6% of whom had asthma, were first assessed by one allergist who recorded their atopic status as positive, negative or questionable, on clinical grounds. Serum from each of these patients was used to determine a total IgE and 13 RAST assays. A laboratory definition of atopy was defined as a serum IgE greater than 1 standard deviation from normal, plus one or more positive RAST assays. The laboratory results influenced the assessment of atopy in 41% of cases. The use of just two mixed allergen discs (Paediatric Mix and Phadiatop) correctly assigned the presence or absence of atopy with a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 98%, compared with the full laboratory evaluation. Very young infants were often just positive to food allergens but the Phadiatop disc could be used to suggest the onset of immunological sensitivity to inhalant antigens. Thus the application of mixed allergen RAST discs facilitated the diagnosis of atopy in young children. PMID- 3242977 TI - The major aeroallergens in Guangxi, China. AB - Over a 2-year period we have identified pollen grains from 48 families of grasses, as well as mould spores and mite particles during air sampling in Guangxi Province. The major aeroallergens were Artemisia, Moraceae and Euophoribiacea, and the spores of Aspergillus, Penicillinum, Cephalosporium and Helminthosporium. Mites were probably also one of the major outdoor aeroallergens. Our investigations also included inspection of the vegetation of the geographical area involved, as well as skin testing on 774 subjects using extracts of 37 aeroallergens. We believe that this work has provided fundamental information on seasonal allergy in Southern China and South-east Asia. PMID- 3242978 TI - Comparative vascular effects of histamine, prostaglandin (PG) D2 and its metabolite 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2 in human skin. AB - In this double-blind study we have investigated the vascular effects of prostaglandin, (PG) D2, in normal skin and compared these effects with histamine and the initial PGD2 metabolite 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2. In eight healthy subjects the vascular response to intradermal injections of histamine, PGD2, a combination of histamine and PGD2, and 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2, was assessed by measurement of the weal and flare area. Histamine caused dose-related increases in weal area (P less than 0.01). The weal response due to PGD2 was greater than saline control only at a dose of 71.0 and 710 nmol (P less than 0.05). Because of the small size of the weal produced by PGD2 when compared with histamine, it was not possible to determine their relative potencies. Histamine and PGD2 caused dose-related increases in flare area (P less than 0.05), and when compared at a response level of 10 cm2 and 15 cm2, histamine was 45 and 251 (P less than 0.01) times more potent than PGD2 in molar terms. Weal and flare responses due to 9 alpha,11 beta PGF2 were similar to those observed with the equimolar concentration of PGD2. The weal and flare responses when PGD2 and histamine when combined were not significantly different from that predicted by a purely additive effect. We conclude that histamine is likely to be an important mediator contributing towards increased vascular permeability and vasodilatation following immunological activation of skin mast cells in vivo, while PGD2 and its metabolite 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 play only a minor role. PMID- 3242979 TI - Aspirin-induced asthma in a patient with asthma previously improved by non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 3242980 TI - Birth distribution of children with respiratory allergy. PMID- 3242981 TI - Correlation of two different assays for urinary kallikrein in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. AB - Possible differences in structure-function relationship of urinary kallikrein between normotensive and hypertensive individuals were analysed using two different assay systems which detect two distinct entities of the enzyme. A monospecific goat anti-human urinary kallikrein antibody was characterized by inhibition studies with the purified active enzyme and by trypsin activation of endogenous urinary prokallikrein. Analysis of the data revealed that the antibody is directed against active kallikrein by recognizing an epitope which is different from the catalytic site of the enzyme but which is being exposed together with the active site during trypsin activation of the proenzyme. A direct radioimmunoassay for urinary kallikrein was developed and correlated with the kinin generating activity of the enzyme by assessing endogenous active and trypsin activated kallikrein in the urine of normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Significant positive correlations were found between the two assays for both active and total kallikrein in normotensive and hypertensive subjects and the slopes of the respective regression lines were identical. These data do not provide evidence for a defective enzyme, a defective activation of the proenzyme or for the presence of an inhibitor of urinary kallikrein in essential hypertension. PMID- 3242982 TI - Cholesterol monomer activity correlates with nucleation time in model bile. AB - Nucleation time (Cholesterol monohydrate crystallization) in bile has been introduced to distinguish patients with cholesterol gallstone from normal human beings. To test the hypothesis that cholesterol monomer activity correlates with nucleation time, we have examined the relationship between nucleation time, apparent cholesterol monomer activity and cholesterol monomer concentration in the aqueous phase using model biles containing bile salt, phospholipid and cholesterol. Apparent cholesterol monomer activity was inversely well correlated with nucleation time in the dilution study (r = -0.98) and in the cholesterol saturation study (r = -0.88) but positively with cholesterol monomer concentration in the aqueous phase in the dilution study (r = 0.72) and in the cholesterol saturation study (r = 0.93). The results indicate that cholesterol monomer activity reflects the nucleation time in model bile system. PMID- 3242984 TI - Central neuro-mechanisms for hypertension. An official satellite symposium of the 12th scientific meeting of the International Society of Hypertension. Okinawa, Japan, May 30-31, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3242983 TI - Comparison of the performance and clinical utility of a carboxy-terminal assay and an intact assay for parathyroid hormone. AB - A comparison of the performance of a two-site immunochemiluminometric assay for intact parathyroid hormone with that of an in-house radioimmunoassay for carboxy terminal parathyroid hormone has been performed on samples from unselected patients being investigated for hypercalcaemia. The intact parathyroid hormone assay was found to be a simple and robust technique with a broad working assay range (CV less than 10% between 1.8-212 pmol/l) and a detection limit of 0.2 pmol/l. Clinically it is superior to the carboxy terminal assay in its ability to distinguish between patients with hyperparathyroidism from those with other causes of hypercalcaemia especially in the presence of impaired renal function. PMID- 3242985 TI - Evidence for two functionally distinct vasomotor subregions of rostral ventral medulla. AB - We examined two functionally and anatomically distinct subregions of rostral ventral medulla, rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM, 2 mm lateral to midline) and an area we term rostral ventromedial medulla (RVMM, 1mm lateral to midline). Reducing tidal volume attenuated the depressor response to microinjection of lidocaine (200nl, 4%) into RVLM, but not into RVMM. Lidocaine reduced renal (RVR), mesenteric (MVR), and hindquarter (HQVR) vascular resistances, when injected into both sites, however HQVR was markedly reduced when RVMM was blocked. Selective stimulation with microelectrodes increased RVR, MVR, and HQVR, with RVMM producing the strongest response in HQVR and RVLM the strongest effect on RVR. Cardiovascular responses to stimulation of RVLM required the integrity of RVMM, however, the converse was not found. The integrity of RVMM, but not RVLM, was required for the cardiovascular responses produced by electrical stimulation of lateral hypothalamus. Together, these data suggest that RVLM and RVMM are both important for tonic regulation of vasomotor tone, however, these sites differ in their responses to afferent input and in the control of regional vascular resistances. PMID- 3242986 TI - Vasopressin gene expression in hypertensive, normotensive, and diabetes insipidus rats. AB - This investigation examined the presence and abundance of vasopressin-gene messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts in hypothalamic tissue from five strains of rats: Long Evans, Wistar-Kyoto, and diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro) rats, stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, and cross-bred diabetes insipidus x stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. A single-stranded RNA probe complementary to exon C of the vasopressin gene was utilized for in situ hybridization and identified hypothalamic 'vasopressinergic' neurons in tissue from all five strains of rats. The results obtained by solution and in situ hybridization suggested the cross-bred diabetic-hypertensive rat exhibits a level of vasopressin-gene messenger ribonucleic acid similar to diabetes insipidus rats. This observation is consistent with previous physiological data which suggests cross-bred diabetic-hypertensive rats inherit the mutated vasopressin gene of the Brattleboro rat. PMID- 3242987 TI - Contribution of forebrain mechanisms in the maintenance of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. AB - A considerable amount of experimental evidence exists suggesting that forebrain structures are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In particular, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) has been implicated in the development and maintenance of the elevated arterial pressure (AP) in several different experimental models of hypertension. The present study was done to determine whether the PVH contributed to the maintenance of the increased AP in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA) hypertension in the rat. In the first series of experiments, using the hexokinase histochemical method, increased metabolic activity was observed in the PVH of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. In addition, the lateral septal nucleus, median preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, subfornical organ, nucleus circularis, supraoptic nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala were observed to have increased metabolic activity. In the second series of experiments, bilateral lesions of the PVH resulted in a transient reduction in the elevated AP of DOCA-salt hypertensive animals. However, within approximately a week, the level of AP was not significantly different from sham-PVH lesioned DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. These data suggest that the PVH may be one of several forebrain structures that contributes to the elevated sympathetic activity in DOCA-salt hypertension and when absent other pressor systems are recruited to maintain the elevated AP. PMID- 3242988 TI - Central and baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity to the heart and kidney in a daily life of the cat. AB - We measured simultaneously and continuously the sympathetic nerve activity to the heart (CSNA) and kidney (RNA) together with heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (AP) in conscious cats. The time course and magnitude of their responses to behavioral stimuli and norepinephrine iv administration were analyzed quantitatively. The increases in CSNA and RNA occurred almost simultaneously with the onset of standing, walking or eating behavior. The abrupt increases in CSNA and RNA were not preceded by a decrease in AP so it was unlikely to have been a reflex initiated by baroceptors. Rather, the increases in CSNA and RNA were followed by increases in HR and AP. The lag time ranged from 2 to 10 sec. Relative response magnitude of CSNA differed significantly from that of RNA. Thus, when AP increased spontaneously by behavioral stimuli, there was always preceding nonuniform increases in CSNA and RNA. On the other hand, when AP was elevated by norepinephrine iv administration, CSNA and RNA were inhibited proportionally to a rise in AP due to baroreflexes. At rest, the baroreflex effect on CSNA was greater than that on RNA. Cardiac-related discharges of CSNA and RNA, which were induced reflexly by baroceptor input, occurred dominantly at rest. However, with excitement or at the onset of body movements, they were diminished significantly. Our results suggested that AP adjustment associated with various behavior was made directly by a nonuniform central activation of the sympathetic nerve activity to the heart and blood vessels and partly by a central modulation of the baroceptor input. PMID- 3242989 TI - Neurogenic abnormalities in young borderline hypertensives. AB - Although neurogenic abnormalities have been postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of borderline hypertension, no direct evidence has been documented. We continuously recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) using a microelectrode in the tibial nerve, along with arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) during the cold pressor or isometric handgrip test in 16 male adolescents with borderline hypertension (BHT) and 10 normotensive adolescents (NT). Baroreflex changes in MSNA were also assessed during the pressor responses to intravenous phenylephrine. During the cold pressor test, both MSNA and AP gradually increased, but the HR responses were inconsistent. The resulting changes in MSNA, AP and HR were all augmented in BHT compared with NT. By contrast during the isometric handgrip test, MSNA, AP, and HR increased in both groups, but none of the differences between the groups was significant. Furthermore, baroreflex inhibition of MSNA were significantly reduced in BHT. Thus, some neurogenic abnormalities exist in BHT, which can be easily detected by recording MSNA. PMID- 3242990 TI - Morphological studies on the paraneuron in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Some of the paraneuronic cells in SHR in the prehypertensive stage were studied and compared to cells of the control. In the adrenal medulla, the area of the norepinephrine storing cell islets of SHR was about twice the size. The number of both the norepinephrine storing granules and vesicles in the cytoplasm was increased. In the anterior pituitary, percentage of the ACTH producing cell of SHR was increased. In the enterochromaffin cell, the average number of argyrophilic cells through the gut was larger in SHR. In the mast cells, an increased number of intrathyroidal mast cells was observed. These paraneuronic cells in SHR were considered to be hyperplastic and/or overactive from early stage after birth. PMID- 3242991 TI - Obese Zucker rats, though still normotensive, already have impaired chronotropic baroreflexes. AB - We compared reflex chronotropic responses to intravenously-infused drugs in 3 groups of age-matched female rats, namely: Sprague-Dawley, lean Zucker, and obese Zucker. Initial baselines for mean arterial pressure and heart rate did not differ between rat groups. However, baroreflex sensitivity was evidently attenuated in obese Zucker rats because their heart rate responses to infused phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside were consistently weaker than those of other rats. Should these rats eventually become hypertensive, their blunted baroreflexes could contribute importantly to initiate the blood pressure elevation. PMID- 3242992 TI - Barosensory neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediate the renal sympathetic reflex in rabbits. AB - In urethane-anesthetized and vagotomized rabbits, activation of C-fibers of renal afferents resulted in a reflex change in multifiber renal nerve activity (RNA) which consisted of inhibitory (I) and excitatory (E) components, either alone or in combination. The I and E components were individually and reversibly blocked by bilateral application of bicuculline and kynurenic acid, respectively, to the ventral surface of medulla. Bicuculline further eliminated the sympathoinhibiton produced by stimulation of the aortic nerve. Within the subjacent rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), we recorded 23 spontaneously active single units that responded to electrical stimulation of renal afferents and were antidromically activated by stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus at the C2 level. Usually, the neuronal response preceded that of the RNA by about 100 ms. These bulbospinal RVLM neurons were barosensory, since they responded to stimulation of the aortic nerve. We conclude that barosensory neurons in the RVLM mediate the renal-sympathetic reflex in rabbits. PMID- 3242993 TI - Central sodium loading modifies norepinephrine content in the ventrolateral medulla and blood pressure in rats. AB - We evaluated the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of hypertonic NaCl on blood pressure (BP) control as well as on NE content in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM). Nine groups of Wistar rats received 10 day's ICV infusion of NaCl solutions containing either norepinephrine (NE, 1.3 micrograms/min) or a synthetic NE precursor, 1-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (1-DOPS, 17 micrograms/min) for 3 concentrations (0.15M, 0.8M or 1.5M) of NaCl. On day 9, only the group on ICV infusion of 1.5M NaCl alone had a significant rise in BP (133 +/- 3 mmHg, P less than 0.05 vs control) while other groups remained normotensive. The ICV infusion of 1.5M NaCl reduced NE content, determined by a microdialysis method, in the VLM while the concomitant ICV infusion of NE or 1 DOPS restored it suggesting that the decrease in NE content in the VLM may be a contributing factor in the BP elevation by the central salt loading. PMID- 3242994 TI - Mechanisms of pressor responses to intracisternal administration of hypertonic NaCl in conscious, unrestrained normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - We evaluated the mechanisms of pressor responses to hypertonic NaCl administered intracisternally (IC) to conscious normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Both mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) increased immediately after IC NaCl (1.5mol/l, 60 microliters/kg), but MAP returned rapidly to the basal level. Pressor and tachycardic actions at the early phase were mostly abolished by either hexamethonium or phentolamine with the blockade of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and slightly diminished by the V1-vasopressin blocker. In contrast, at the following phase pressor responses were not suppressed by combined or solitary blockade of SNS, vasopressin and angiotensin II (AII). The pressor effects of IC NaCl were slightly greater in SHR than in WKY. It is concluded that the early phase increases in MAP by hypertonic NaCl administered IC to conscious SHR and WKY may be attributed mainly to the increased activity of SNS and partly to the increased release of AVP, although the late- phase pressor responses may result from some pressor factor(s), unrelated to SNS, AVP and AII. PMID- 3242995 TI - Effects of salt and DOCA on hypothalamic and baroreflex control of blood pressure. AB - Cardiovascular and sympathetic nerve responses to electrical stimulation of either the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) or the posterior hypothalamus were recorded from rats treated with salt, DOCA, or DOCA/salt and compared with those from untreated controls. By the 7th day, tail-cuff systolic pressures were significantly elevated in rats treated with salt or DOCA/salt. And by the 21st day, all treated rats (i.e. with salt, DOCA, or DOCA/salt) had elevated pressures together with attenuated ADN responses and augmented hypothalamic responses. After 5 days, DOCA/salt treated rats already had attenuated responses to ADN stimulation and augmented responses to hypothalamic stimulation even though their systolic pressures were still unaltered. These findings suggest that combined treatment with salt and DOCA altered central blood pressure regulation even before hypertension developed. PMID- 3242996 TI - Contributions of the sympathetic nervous system, vasopressin and baroreceptor function in brain angiotensin II excess-induced hypertension in the dog. AB - To determine the principal effects of brain angiotensin(Ang) II on the sympathetic nervous system, vasopressin (AVP), and the high and low pressure baroreceptor systems, we observed the hemodynamic and neurohumoral characteristics induced by the acute(1-hr) and chronic(1-wk) infusion of Ang II into the brain ventricle in conscious dogs, and then evaluated the hemodynamic responses to sole-innervated carotid artery occlusion(COR) after Ang II infusion and again after vagotomy in anesthetized dogs. Both acute(50ng/kg/min) and chronic(15ng/kg/min) infusion of Ang II caused a significant rise in arterial pressure without changes in heart rate. Neither acute nor chronic Ang II treatment produced significant changes in plasma renin activity and norepinephrine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), while the plasma and CSF level of AVP was increased in the acute Ang II treatment, but not in the chronic Ang II treatment. The COR was blunted in the acute Ang II treatment compared with those obtained in the chronic Ang II or sham treatment. The blunted pressor response to carotid occlusion in the acute Ang II treatment was restored by cutting the remaining vagus nerve. These results suggest that baroreceptor reflexes are impaired by the acute excess of Ang II in the brain, and it might be mediated through increased vagal afferent activity, changes in the central integration of low and high pressure baroreceptors, and a combination of both. PMID- 3242997 TI - Effects of intracerebroventricular infusion of aldosterone on blood pressure and sodium and potassium concentrations in cerebral spinal fluid in rats. AB - The central effects of aldosterone on blood pressure and sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) were examined by chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of aldosterone. The rats were infused for 14 days with either ICV artificial CSF, ICV aldosterone or aldosterone subcutaneously using miniosmotic pumps. ICV aldosterone increased blood pressure and lowered the K concentration in CSF. The Na concentration in CSF tended to increase, although not significantly. No significant changes in concentrations of serum Na and K, plasma renin, aldosterone, norepinephrine or ANP were observed. These results suggest that aldosterone induces blood pressure elevation through a central action, and that a change in Na or K concentration in CSF may be involved. PMID- 3242998 TI - The differential cardiovascular response to centrally administered carbachol seen in Brattleboro and normal Long-Evans rats. AB - The cardiovascular effects of centrally administered carbachol were examined in conscious Long-Evans (LE) and Brattleboro (DI) rats. Carbachol induced a long lasting increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate in LE rats, whereas in DI rats no bradycardia was observed and the pressor response was significantly less than that in Long-Evans rats. Intravenous vasopressin antagonist, d(CH2)5 Tyr(Me)AVP, significantly attenuated the pressor response and eliminated the bradycardic response to carbachol in LE rats. However, the pressor response to carbachol in DI rats was still significantly less than that in LE rats treated with vasopressin antagonist. Intravenous phentolamine partially inhibited the pressor response to carbachol in LE rats and completely eliminated it in DI rats. These results suggest that hypertensive response to i.c.v. carbachol in normal rats is mediated both by an increase in central sympathetic outflow and in circulating vasopressin. The bradycardia seems to be mediated mainly by an increase in circulating vasopressin. PMID- 3242999 TI - Studies on the origin and generation of sympathetic nerve activity. AB - This paper summarizes the efforts of our laboratory to define the substrates and mechanisms for generation of one of the primary components in sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) of the cat, the 2- to 6-Hz rhythm. Using spike-triggered averaging, we have identified single brain stem neurons with naturally occurring activity correlated to the 2- to 6-Hz rhythm in SND. Such neurons were found in three regions--the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), medullary raphe (R) and medullary lateral tegmental field (LTF). RVLM neurons were inhibited in parallel to SND when carotid sinus pressure was raised while R neurons were excited. These observations suggest that RVLM neurons exert sympathoexcitatory (SE) actions while R neurons mediate sympathoinhibitory (SI) effects. Both SE and SI neurons were found in the LTF. Antidromic mapping revealed that the axons of RVLM-SE and R-SI neurons innervate the thoracic spinal intermediolateral nucleus. In contrast, LTF neurons do not project to the spinal cord. Rather, the axons of LTF SE neurons project to the RVLM while those of LTF-SI neurons project to R. We hypothesize that the aforementioned cell groups comprise a network oscillator responsible for the 2- to 6-Hz rhythm in SND. PMID- 3243001 TI - The role of hypothalamic glutathione in hypertensive animals. AB - The role of brain glutathione metabolism in hypertensive animals was studied. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) from prehypertension to established hypertension, the content of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the ratio of GSSG to GSH in the hypothalamus were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than those in age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Hypothalamic glutathione reductase (GR) activities in prehypertensive and established hypertensive SHR were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than those in WKY. DOCA-salt hypertensive rats (DSR) also had a significantly (p less than 0.05) higher content of GSSG and GSSG/GSH ratio and a significantly (p less than 0.05) lower GR activity in the hypothalamus than the normotensive control. There were no significant differences in these values in the brain stem between hypertensive and normotensive rats. These results suggest that the increased GSSG/GSH ratio due to reduced activity of GR in the hypothalamus may have an important role in the development of hypertension in SHR and DSR. PMID- 3243000 TI - Role of central serotonergic (5-HT2) receptor in blood pressure regulation in rats. AB - To investigate the role of the serotonergic nervous system in blood pressure regulation, 5 micrograms of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was given i.c.v. before and after 1 microgram of i.c.v. xylamidine or 200 micrograms of i.c.v. ketanserin or 200 micrograms of i.v. ketanserin in conscious Wistar Kyoto rats. Also i.v. (0.5, 1, 2 micrograms) or i.c.v. (1 microgram) phenylephrine (PHE) were given before and after 1 microgram of i.c.v. xylamidine. I.c.v. 5-HT elicited a consistent pressor response of approximately 27mmHg and slight decrease in heart rate. MAP and heart rate did not change after xylamidine or ketanserin. Whereas pressor response to i.c.v. 5-HT after i.c.v. ketanserin or i.c.v. xylamidine was suppressed, it did not change after i.v. ketanserin. Neither i.c.v. nor i.v. PHE induced pressor response was influenced by i.c.v. xylamidine pretreatment. These data suggest that the central 5-HT2 receptor may subserve pressor function in rats. PMID- 3243003 TI - Endogenous opioid involvement in the cardiovascular effects of clonidine in rats: role of the parasympathetic nervous system. AB - The interaction between intravenously administered clonidine and naloxone on blood pressure and heart rate was studied in urethane-anesthetized, normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats. In rats pretreated with propranolol, 1 mg/kg i.v., to eliminate sympathetic tone in the heart clonidine, 5 micrograms/kg i.v. produced hypotension and bradycardia which were inhibited by naloxone, 2 mg/kg i.v. These effects were similar to effects observed in earlier studies in the absence of propranolol. In contrast, in rats pretreated with atropine, 5 mg/kg i.v., to eliminate the effects of changes in vagal tone, the hypotensive and bradycardic effects of clonidine were not influenced by naloxone. These findings are interpreted to indicate that an endogenous opioid is involved in the clonidine induced increase in parasympathetic outflow to the myocardium. PMID- 3243002 TI - Opioid modulation of vasopressin secretion in conscious rats. AB - To clarify the role of endogenous opioid peptides in the control of vasopressin (AVP) secretion, the effects of an endogenous kappa-agonist, leumorphin, derived from proenkephalin B and an opioid antagonist, naloxone, on AVP secretion were examined in conscious and freely moving rats. Intraperitoneal injection of nicotine markedly increased AVP secretion in rats. The nicotine-induced AVP secretion was significantly suppressed by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) pretreatment with leumorphin. Intravenous injection of naloxone significantly increased the basal AVP level and carbachol-induced AVP secretion. These results indicate that endogenous opioid peptides have an inhibitory effect on AVP secretion in rats. PMID- 3243004 TI - 2-Deoxy-D-glucose-induced central glycopenia differentially influences renal and adrenal nerve activity in awake SHR rats. AB - 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) evokes an increase in the efferent discharge rate of the adrenal nerve in narcotized rats and rabbits. The study reported here was undertaken to determine the sympathetic nerves and blood pressure responses to i.v. 2-DG administration in awake SHR rats. An increase in adrenal sympathetic nerve activity (adrSNA) by 63% was observed 15 min after 125 mg/kg 2-DG administration, but there were no changes in the renal sympathetic nerve activity (renSNA), blood pressure (BP) or the heart rate (HR). Additional administration of 375 mg/kg 2-DG (cumulative dose was 500 mg/kg) led to the increase in the adrSNA by more then 120%, and in BP by 20 mm Hg, whereas renSNA was increased only by 30%. These results indicate that 2-DG-induced neuroglycopenia evokes highly differential changes in adrenal and renSNA in awake SHR rats. Whether this explains the marked response in BP in SHR to 2-DG is to be established. PMID- 3243005 TI - Vascular effects of clonidine in patients with tetraplegia and unilateral brachial plexus injury. AB - Evidence from studies in both animals and in tetraplegics with complete cervical spinal cord transection and preganglionic lesion, indicates that clonidine lowers blood pressure predominantly by a centrally mediated action. We have investigated the haemodynamic basis of this action and performed additional studies in patients with unilateral brachial plexus injury and postganglionic lesions, to further determine the site and mechanism of its action. Blood pressure fell after clonidine in normal subjects but not in tetraplegics. In normal subjects, the fall in blood pressure was associated with a fall in cardiac output, due to a fall in both heart rate and stroke volume. Digital skin vasodilatation occurred after clonidine in normal subjects and only in the innervated limb in patients with unilateral brachial plexus injury. In tetraplegics and in the denervated limb in unilateral brachial plexus injury, there was no vasodilatation; instead a vasoconstrictor response occurred, due to the peripheral adrenoceptor action of clonidine. We conclude that the fall in blood pressure and cardiac output in normal subjects after clonidine were due to its central sympatholytic action. Digital skin vasodilatation after clonidine in normal subjects and the innervated limb in unilateral brachial plexus injury was due to the withdrawal of vasoconstrictor tone and requires intact descending sympathetic pathways. PMID- 3243006 TI - Brain and peripheral noradrenergic neuron activity in developing genetically hypertensive rats of the Lyon strain. AB - In order to estimate the alterations in the activity of noradrenergic brain areas and peripheral nerves in relation to genetic hypertension, the concentration and the in-vivo turnover (TO) of norepinephrine (NE) were measured in various brain and peripheral structures of 5 and 22 week-old genetically hypertensive (LH), normotensive (LN) and low blood pressure (LL) male rats of the Lyon strains. LH rats significantly differed from both LN and LL age-matched controls by: i) at 5 weeks, a lowered TO of NE in the anterior hypothalamic region and the median eminence; an elevated TO of NE in the A6 and A7 areas, and in the kidney cortex, and an elevated TO of dopamine in the adrenal medulla, ii) at 22 weeks, a decreased TO of NE in A1 and A6 regions and an increased TO of NE in the thoracic spinal cord. These data suggest that an increased activity of the renal nerves and of the adrenal medulla, possibly originating in central alterations of noradrenergic neurons, could be involved in the development of hypertension in the Lyon strain. PMID- 3243007 TI - The hypothalamic-angiotensin system: location and functional considerations. AB - Improved immunohistochemical and quantitative microiontophoretic methods were used to characterise angiotensinergic and angiotensin-sensitive neurones in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat. The results can be summarised as follows: 1) Angiotensinogen was found in PVN neurones, astrocytes in the diencephalon which make putative contacts with microvessels, and in cells of the choroid plexus. 2) Affinity-purified angiotensin II/III antibodies were used to locate immunoreactive AII/III in large PVN neurones and their fibre tracts which project either caudally or ventrally to the neurohypophysis. 3) Quantitative microiontophoretic studies showed that PVN neurones are more sensitive to angiotensin II than to angiotensin II. 4) Iontophoretic co-application of the selective aminopeptidase inhibitors bestatin and amastatin, together with angiotensin II and angiotensin III produced results consistent with a central role for angiotensin III. PMID- 3243008 TI - Stab wounds of the neck--observations on management. AB - Seventeen stab wounds to the cervical region presenting over a 3 year period are described. Clinical assessment, appropriate investigations and surgical management are discussed. Examination of the oral cavity for the presence of blood or displacement of the lateral oropharyngeal wall by an expanding haematoma, assessment of air bubbling from a wound, particularly on coughing, chest and lower cranial nerve examination are all required. Blind probing or attempted clamping of a bleeding vessel in a neck wound is not recommended. The use of urgent angiography in stab wounds high in the neck behind and above the angle of the mandible is recommended. Primary repair is optimal for all laryngotracheal, pharyngo-oesophageal and significant neurological injuries. PMID- 3243009 TI - A 15 year follow-up of a controlled trial of the use of grommets in glue ear. AB - The long-term natural history of secretory otitis media and the changes induced in the middle ear following grommet insertion are of importance. We report the results 15 years following the unilateral insertion of a Shepard grommet and adenoidectomy for bilateral secretory otitis media. The results suggest that grommets do not protect against attic disease of late onset and induce atrophic scars which do not resolve. Grommets confer no long-term advantages to the hearing when used in the management of childhood secretory otitis media. PMID- 3243010 TI - Water contamination and swimming with the open mastoid cavity. AB - The aim of this study was to assess whether patients with open mastoid cavities should be advised to avoid water contaminating the ear in order to avoid aural discharge. A detailed history and clinical examination was performed on 53 patients with a unilateral modified radical mastoid cavity of more than 5 years duration. The results showed that it is possible to identify reliably the well designed trouble-free cavity by the features of its skin lining and the ability to visualize the entire cavity through a size 4 Siegle speculum. A patient with this form of cavity very rarely develops aural discharge following water exposure and need not protect the ear during washing but should do so when swimming because of caloric effects. PMID- 3243011 TI - Goode T-tubes: do the benefits of their use outweigh their complications? AB - In this retrospective study of 130 ears over a 5-year period, the effect of intubation with the Goode T-tube was evaluated. The tubes improved the hearing in 86% of ears with a conductive loss secondary to a middle ear effusion to an average 5 dB airbone gap. They improved the early stage retracted tympanic membrane but had no effect on the established postero-superior retraction pocket. They were successful in treating barotrauma. The main complication with their use was otorrhoea which occurred in 28% of ears, and persistent perforation occurring in 6% of the ears. Seventy-seven per cent of tubes were in place after 36 months. Extrusion was significantly related to infection in the ear, and also to the presence of glue on insertion but there was no correlation between the number of previous grommets or the age of the patient. The Goode T-tube is advocated for use in middle ear effusion refractory to conventional grommet insertion or that due to cleft palate. PMID- 3243013 TI - Local anaesthesia for middle ear surgery. AB - Thirty-two consecutive patients undergoing middle ear surgery using local anaesthesia were assessed on the adequacy of anaesthesia for their surgery, both by the patients themselves, and by the surgeon. A method of local anaesthesia is described which includes the possibility of inducing an iatrogenic transient homolateral facial weakness in order to simplify the technique of administration of anaesthesia. Both the surgeon and the patients were happy with the quality of the anaesthesia, and no adverse effects occurred either as a consequence of the local anaesthesia itself, or of the transient facial weakness. PMID- 3243012 TI - Complications of ear disease. AB - Forty-seven patients with acute mastoiditis were treated in our hospital over a 2 and a half year period. Seven patients were symptomatic for a short period only. The other 40 gave a history of chronic ear disease, 22 of them with cholesteatoma. Post auricular swelling is an important sign of acute mastoiditis but was found in only 64% of the patients. Forty-five percent of our patients were found to have infection spread beyond the mastoid. Meningitis was the most common complication (13 patients). Most of the patients who presented without post auricular swelling were diagnosed as a result of having one or more complications. We believe that in cases of intracranial pathology or septic fever associated with ear disease, the diagnosis of mastoiditis is most likely. Early operation combined with appropriate antibiotic treatment can prevent further complications and fatal outcome. PMID- 3243014 TI - Tympanosclerosis, grommets and shear stresses. AB - This paper deals with grommet induced tympanosclerosis. In the first part, patients from a controlled trial of the treatment of bilateral glue ear using unilateral grommet insertion are reviewed 15 years later. Tympanosclerosis due to grommet insertion is summated using computer graphics. Two areas of maximal tympanosclerosis are found, anteriorly and posteriorly midway between the annulus and the umbo. These maximal areas join inferiorly in the classical horse shoe shape. In an attempt to identify reasons for this distribution, the structure of the lamina propria is reviewed, and the changes that occur in tympanosclerosis considered. With this in mind, the tympanic membrane is modelled using finite element methodology to determine the areas of maximal shear stresses. These are found to be in the same position as tympanosclerosis. Such stresses would be increased by the weight of a grommet in situ. These stresses will damage the fibrils interconnecting between the fibrous layers of the lamina propria and this may lead to tympanosclerosis. This raises the question of whether a lighter grommet would decrease the incidence of grommet-induced tympanosclerosis. PMID- 3243015 TI - Clinical or rhinometric assessment of the nasal airway--which is better? AB - Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between clinical and rhinometric assessment of the nasal airway and the subjective nasal airway. Clinical examination and rhinometry correlated poorly with the subjective overall nasal airway. Analysis of the data obtained on the differences between the right and the left nasal cavities showed that adding rhinometry did not improve on clinical examination in predicting the patient's subjective sensation of nasal airway. PMID- 3243016 TI - Olfactory neuroblastoma: imaging by magnetic resonance, CT and conventional techniques. AB - Twenty-four patients with the histological diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma have been treated at the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital since 1975. The tumour showed a bimodal age distribution and 30% of the patients were under 30 years of age. The imaging characteristics on plain film, computed tomography and magnetic resonance combined with intravenous gadolinium DTPA are detailed. None of the changes described is wholly specific. However, a tumour in the ethmoids and upper part of the nasal cavity, which expands into the orbit and erodes the roof of the fronto-ethmoid complex or cribriform plate unilaterally in a young patient, is highly suggestive of olfactory neuroblastoma, particularly if this is combined with the magnetic resonance signal characteristics of a vascular tumour. The typical MR features are those of an intense signal on pre-contrast T2 weighted spin echo sequences and strong enhancement after gadolinium on T1 weighted sequences. A characteristic feature of the response to gadolinium is an enhancement of tumour higher than that of turbinate mucosa on inversion recovery and less than that of mucosa when T1 weighted spin echo sequences are employed. The extent of tumour in the paranasal sinuses and anterior cranial fossa is best demonstrated after magnetic resonance with intravenous gadolinium and this is now regarded as the most accurate method of preoperative assessment of these patients prior to craniofacial surgery. PMID- 3243017 TI - Aural polyps and cholesteatoma. AB - A retrospective review of 200 cases of aural polypectomy performed in Glasgow and London was assessed in previously unoperated ears and in those with mastoid cavities. In those with mastoid cavities 72% of the ears became dry whilst only 33% were dry in the previously unoperated group. Cholesteatoma was found in 33% of previously unoperated ears and in 71% with an attic or posterior marginal defect. It can be concluded from these results that aural polypectomy in the presence of a mastoid cavity is a satisfactory procedure but in a previously unoperated ear a more radical procedure should be considered because of its frequent association with underlying cholesteatoma. PMID- 3243018 TI - Influence of bile acids on the biliary transport maximum of phenolsulfonphthalein in the rat. AB - 1. The effect of changes in bile acid secretion induced by cholestyramine treatment or taurocholate infusion on the biliary transport maximum (Tm) of phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) was studied in Wistar rats. 2. Five hours after oral administration of cholestyramine (1.5 g/kg bodyweight) the biliary output of bile acids decreased to 51% and bile flow to 76% of control values. The percentage of conjugated and unconjugated PSP excreted into bile and the Tm of the dye were not significantly modified by cholestyramine pretreatment. 3. Administration of sodium taurocholate at increasing rates (60-480 nmol/100 g bodyweight per min) enhanced bile flow and the biliary output of bile acids in a linear dose-related fashion. The Tm of PSP increased progressively until a maximum of 29% above the control values was reached at a taurocholate dose of 240 nmol/100 g bodyweight per min). The enhancement corresponded mainly to the unconjugated dye, the excretion of conjugated PSP not being significantly modified by the infusion of the bile acid. 4. The results indicate that bile acids can influence to some extent biliary excretion of PSP in the rat, although this component is of minor importance at low bile acid secretory rates. PMID- 3243019 TI - Effects of thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (UK 38,485) and thromboxane receptor antagonist (ICI 185,282) on digoxin-induced arrhythmias in anaesthetized guinea pigs. AB - 1. Increased local thromboxane (Tx) formation has been considered to be a contributing factor in digitalis-induced arrhythmias. 2. A potent Tx synthetase inhibitor (TxSI), UK 38,485 (0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg per h, administered intravenously) and a Tx receptor antagonist (TxRA), ICI 185,282 (1, 2 or 10 mg/kg bolus and 1, 2 or 10 mg/kg per h, administered intravenously) were tested for their ability to reduce digoxin-induced arrhythmias in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. 3. Electrocardiograms, mean blood pressure, heart rate and arrhythmias were recorded, starting 30 min before digoxin administration and continued for 60 min afterwards. 4. ICI 185,282, at the doses used, significantly delayed the time of onset of arrhythmias, and reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation, mortality and arrhythmia score. In contrast, UK 38,485 was found to be effective on all measured variables only at the dose rate of 1.0 mg/kg per h, except for time required for the development of arrhythmias. These protective effects of both TxSI and TxRA were not found to be dose-dependent. 5. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate changes caused by either UK 38,485 or ICI 185,282 infusions did not have any marked effects on digoxin-induced arrhythmias. 6. These data suggest that endogenously released TxA2 and prostaglandin endoperoxides may play an important role in digoxin-induced arrhythmias in guinea pigs. PMID- 3243021 TI - Molecular biology of Dictyostelium development. Proceedings of a symposium. Airlie, Virginia, November 7-12, 1987. PMID- 3243020 TI - Effect of furazolidone and nitrofurazone on brain gamma-amino butyric acid and glutamate concentrations in chickens. AB - 1. The concentrations of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate were measured in the brains of chickens which were treated with furazolidone (FZ) or nitrofurazone (NF) at oral doses of 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg for 5 days. 2. At the end of the treatment, birds on the small dose of FZ or NF lost about 9% of their bodyweight, and those on the high doses lost about 18%. 3. Both drugs produced dose-dependent increases in the concentrations of GAA and glutamate which were statistically significant at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg of NF and 50 mg/kg of FZ. PMID- 3243022 TI - Structure and expression of the cAMP cell-surface receptor. AB - Using antibodies specific for the 3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) cell surface receptor of Dictyostelium discoideum, we have screened lambda gtll expression libraries and isolated a series of cDNAs derived from cAMP receptor mRNA during early development. The identity of the cDNA clones was verified by multiple criteria: 1) beta-galactosidase fusion proteins synthesized by isolated cDNA clones stain intensely with cAMP receptor directed antiserum, 2) these fusion proteins affinity purify antibodies specific for the cAMP receptor, 3) the cDNA probes hybridize to a 2 kb mRNA whose change in relative level of abundance during development parallels that of receptor mRNA as assayed by in vitro translation, 4) the 2 kb mRNA size equals that of receptor mRNA as determined by in vitro translation of size fractionated poly (A)+ RNA, and 5) RNA transcribed in vitro from cDNAs containing the entire protein-coding region produces a polypeptide by in vitro translation with an apparent molecular weight in close agreement with that of nascent cAMP receptor protein produced by in vitro translation of cellular RNA. The DNA sequence predicts an open reading frame of 392 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains seven domains enriched in hydrophobic residues. A model is proposed in which the cAMP cell-surface receptor traverses the lipid bilayer seven times in a pattern similar to that of other receptors, such as rhodopsin, which interact with G-proteins. The structural similarities suggest a gene family of related surface receptors from such evolutionarily diverse species as Dictyostelium, yeast, and mammals. PMID- 3243023 TI - Characterization of an unusual cAMP receptor and its related polypeptides in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Several lines of evidence indicate that cAMP modulates developmental gene activity via cell-surface receptors. We describe here a novel cAMP receptor, CABP1, whose properties are consistent with the idea that this protein is involved in gene regulation. Firstly, immunological techniques using anti-CABP1 antibodies as probes showed that this cAMP receptor can be detected on the surface of developing cells. Secondly, there is a steady migration of CABP1 to the nucleus during development. Thirdly, some genetic variants exhibiting an altered pattern of development are found to possess modified CABP1. We also showed that CABP1 co-purifies with at least seven other polypeptides which share common epitopes with CABP1. Interestingly, four of the CABP1-related polypeptides can be detected on the cell surface as well as in the nucleus. PMID- 3243024 TI - Characterization of genes that are developmentally regulated during Dictyostelium discoideum spore germination. AB - Similar to other stages in Dictyostelium development, spore germination is a particularly suitable model for studying the regulation of gene expression, because developmentally regulated changes in both protein and mRNA synthesis occur during the transition from dormant spore to amoeba. Spores are constitutively dormant and must be activated to germinate. Under the proper environmental conditions, spores germinate in a highly synchronous manner to give rise to individual amoebae that can then enter the vegetative growth phase. Protein synthesis is developmentally regulated during this process. Because protein synthesis is transcriptionally controlled during spore germination, the respective genes must be developmentally transcribed, and these can be isolated and analyzed. Three cDNA clones specific for mRNA developmentally regulated during spore germination have been characterized and used as probes to study mRNA accumulation and decay during spore germination. Because we are interested in defining the sequences of developmentally regulated genes that may relate to their regulation of transcription, we have sequenced the cDNAs and have isolated and sequenced their respective genomic clones. The sequences of the three gene families, their genomic organization, and their special structural features are described. PMID- 3243025 TI - Deactivation of gene expression upon the onset of development in dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Several genes that are deactivated upon the initiation of development of Dictyostelium discoideum have been identified by differential screening of various cDNA libraries. These genes have in common a decrease in the steady-state levels of their corresponding mRNAs as development proceeds. When development was carried out in the absence of protein synthesis by inhibition with cycloheximide, the decrease in mRNA levels for most genes (V genes) was normal or slightly accelerated. However, for about 5% of the genes (H genes), cycloheximide caused an apparent induction of expression, as revealed by a slight or dramatic increase in mRNA levels instead of the normal decrease. This effect was due to inhibition of protein synthesis and not to cycloheximide per se. The induction was found to be due to an enhancement of the transcription rate; normal rates of transcription for the H genes were dependent upon continued protein synthesis during vegetative growth and during development. Thus, two general regulatory classes exist for deactivation of gene expression upon initiation of development, one dependent and one independent of protein synthesis. Models concerning the control of expression of these two classes of genes are discussed here. Analysis of expression of these genes in mutant strains that are aggregation-deficient has also been performed, and the results lead to subdivisions of the classes. PMID- 3243026 TI - Structural and functional characterization of genes encoding Dictyostelium prestalk and prespore cell-specific proteins. AB - The nucleotide sequence of D19, a Dictyostelium gene that encodes a prespore specific mRNA sequence shows it to encode PsA, the cell surface protein detected by the MUD 1 monoclonal antibody. The predicted sequence of the protein reveals a largely hydrophobic C terminus, with chemical similarity to proteins known to be attached to the plasma membrane via a phosphatidylinositol link. The C-terminal region has direct sequence homology to the contact sites A protein and to the phosphatidylinositol-linked form of a chicken N-CAM, suggesting that it might play a role in cell adhesion. Expression of the D19 gene is known to be induced by cAMP and repressed by adenosine. The accumulation of the D19 mRNA is also repressed by DIF, the putative stalk-specific morphogen, and this effect is mediated at the transcriptional level. The pDd56 and pDd63 genes are induced by DIF, and they are specific markers of prestalk and stalk cells. They encode, respectively, ST310 and ST430, two proteins that were first identified by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both proteins are predominantly composed of a highly conserved, 24-amino acid repeat. The two proteins are localized in the slime sheath of the migratory slug and in the stalk tube and stalk cell wall of the mature culminant, where they presumably function as structural components of the extracellular matrix. We have constructed marked derivatives of the pDd56, pDd63, and D19 genes, and these are correctly regulated after transformation into Dictyostelium cells. Thus we have determined the structure, and elucidated possible functions, for one prespore and two prestalk genes. These sequences should be of value, both as markers of the earliest events in cellular differentiation and in identifying the regulatory sequences controlling cell type specific gene expression. PMID- 3243027 TI - Post-transcriptional regulation of ribosomal protein gene expression during development in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - We have isolated recombinant plasmids that contain cDNA inserts complementary to mRNAs encoding six different r-proteins of Dictyostelium discoideum. Southern and quantitative dot blot analyses have shown that each of the r-protein genes represented in these plasmids is encoded by a single copy gene and that these genes are not tightly linked to each other. We have determined the relative amount of the six r-protein mRNAs present in cells at intervals throughout development and find that for the first 9 hours of development, each of the mRNAs remains present at virtually the same level as in vegetatively growing cells. Between 9 and 11 hours of development, there is a rapid loss of these mRNAs to 15% or less of vegetative levels, and that low level remains, or slightly declines, through the late stages of development. We have shown that two post transcriptional events contribute to the developmental regulation of the expression of the r-protein genes. The first involves a specific block to translational initiation that is not the result of inactivation of these mRNAs by decapping or deadenylation. The second is a change in the stability of these mRNAs during early development. In order to begin to analyze the role of specific sequences that may act as targets or signals in these events, we have cloned and sequenced a 1.9-kb genomic DNA fragment that encodes one of the r-proteins. We find that transcription of this gene begins in a pyrimidine-rich region that is not preceded by a TATA box, the gene contains a single intron of 350 bp, and there are two alternative 3' processing sites. In addition, the 5'-untranslated region of the transcript contains an unusually high percentage of G and C residues relative to other Dictyostelium mRNAs. PMID- 3243028 TI - Characterization of two divergently transcribed Dictyostelium gene pairs and identification of G-rich sequence element lying between them with the characteristics of a basal promoter element. AB - The cysteine proteinase 1 (CP1) and cysteine proteinase 2 (CP2) genes of Dictyostelium discoideum encode coordinately expressed mRNA sequences that are inducible by extracellular cAMP. Both genes form part of divergently transcribed gene pairs. The gene proximal to CP1 is coordinately regulated and encodes a protein containing several potential zinc binding domains of the kind found in DNA binding proteins. The gene proximal to CP2 is a constitutively transcribed gene of unknown function. There are multiple, short, G-rich sequence elements between both gene pairs, and deletion of the pair of elements 200 nucleotides upstream from the CP2 gene abolishes cAMP-inducibility. A synthetic oligonucleotide, containing two copies of the G-rich element from the CP1 gene, will reconstitute cAMP-inducibility in the deletion mutant of the CP2 gene. This shows that the elements in the two genes are functionally homologous. Efficient induction requires at least two copies of the CP1 element, but their relative orientation is unimportant. Two copies in an inverted orientation are, however, inactive when moved upstream of their normal position and are incapable of conferring cAMP-inducibility on a heterologous gene. These observations suggest that these sequences are either essential promoter elements, not themselves interacting with the inducer, or that their interaction with a separate class of control sequences is necessary for inducible expression. PMID- 3243029 TI - DNA repair in Dictyostelium. AB - Recent approaches to the study of DNA repair in Dictyostelium discoideum are reviewed. Thymidine auxotrophs facilitate the uptake of labeled thymidine into DNA during its replication and repair. The tmpA600 mutation leads to a loss of thymidylate synthase activity, and tdrA600 results in increased transport of thymidine into the cell. In the HPS401 double mutant (tmpA600tdrA600), thymidine is taken up uniformly into the nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs at levels up to 50 fold that in the wild type. tmpA maps on linkage group III. tdrA is on IV or VI, which cosegregate in strains containing this mutation. Alkaline sucrose gradients of nuclei from HPS401 pulsed for 15 min with [3H]thymidine in axenic medium show that the initially labeled single-strand DNA is about 7 x 10(6) daltons, which may be the size of the replicon. This nascent DNA matures in about 45 minutes to 2 x 10(8) daltons. Ultraviolet light (254 nm) decreases the size of the nascent DNA and delays its maturation. In addition to studies of DNA repair utilizing repair-proficient and -deficient mutants of thymidine auxotrophs, we are currently using two approaches for cloning genes involved in repair: 1) genes are sought that can functionally complement repair defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae following transformation with a D. discoideum DNA library in YEp 24(URA); 4-NQO is used for the selection of RAD transformants; and 2) we have characterized and purified to near-homogeneity two repair enzymes from D. discoideum--uracil-DNA glycosylase and AP-endonuclease. An N-terminal sequence has been determined for the glycosylase, and a synthetic oligonucleotide probe derived from this sequence will be used to screen for this gene. A similar approach is in progress for the AP-endonuclease. PMID- 3243030 TI - Nuclear plasmids in the Dictyostelium slime molds. AB - Cellular slime molds are one of only three types of eukaryotes known to contain circular nuclear plasmids. Unlike the 2-microns circle in Saccharomyces, different strains of Dictyostelium can carry different, nonhomologous plasmids. Covalently closed, circular DNA plasmids have been identified in D. discoideum, D. mucoroides, D. giganteum, and D. purpureum. These plasmids range in size from 1.3-27 kb and in copy number from 50-300 molecules per cell. Plasmids have been identified in approximately one-fifth of all isolates examined. The organization of their DNA in nucleosomes establishes their presence in the nucleus. We have successfully cotransformed endogenous Dictyostelium plasmids into D. discoideum using the G418 resistance shuttle vector B10S. Transformants carrying D. discoideum plasmids are recovered at much higher frequency than those carrying plasmids from the other Dictyostelium species. We have constructed recombinant plasmids based on the D. discoideum plasmid Ddp2 and the G418 resistance gene. With these extrachromosomal vectors, transformed cells are recovered at frequencies of up to 10(-4) per input cell, the vectors are stably maintained at high copy number in the absence of selection, and the vectors can be used to introduce foreign DNA sequences into D. discoideum cells. PMID- 3243031 TI - Electron microscopic localization of myosin II and ABP-120 in the cortical actin matrix of Dictyostelium amoebae using IgG-gold conjugates. AB - To narrow the field of possible functions of an actin-binding protein (ABP-120) and myosin II, we have used high resolution immunocytochemistry with IgG colloidal gold conjugates to identify the types of actin containing structures with which these proteins are associated in the isolated cell cortex. Staining for myosin II and ABP-120 is associated with distinct regions of the actin cytoskeleton in isolated cortices. Myosin II is localized to lateral arrays of filaments, where it is clustered and has a density that is unrelated to distance from the plasma membrane. Staining for myosin II is associated also with unidentified cytoplasmic vesicles. However, staining for ABP-120 is concentrated in dense networks of branched microfilaments that are adjacent to the plasma membrane or in surface projections (residual pseudopods and lamellopods). These results are consistent with a role for ABP-120 in the formation of filament networks in vivo and further suggest that networks of branched microfilaments are unlikely to participate in motility that is mediated by myosin II. PMID- 3243032 TI - Actin-binding proteins are conserved from slime molds to man. AB - DNA clones encoding the actin-binding proteins alpha-actinin and severin from Dictyostelium discoideum were isolated and sequenced. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences with proteins from other species showed striking similarities at distinct regions. The F-actin cross-linking molecule alpha actinin carries two characteristic EF-hand structures highly homologous to the Ca2+-binding loops of proteins from the calmodulin superfamily. An N-terminal region that is conserved in alpha-actinin from D. discoideum and vertebrates is also related to parts of the dystrophin sequence and might represent the F-actin binding site. Severin, gelsolin, villin, and fragmin share homologous sequences that are believed to participate in the severing activity of these proteins. PMID- 3243033 TI - Inactivation of the alpha-actinin gene in Dictyostelium. AB - alpha-Actinin-negative transformants of Dictyostelium have been obtained by transforming cells with a transformation vector carrying part of the alpha actinin gene in either sense or antisense orientation. The transformants did not produce detectable alpha-actinin anymore and contained an altered RNA lacking the 3' part of the coding sequences. The deficiency in alpha-actinin was due to an integration of the transformation vector into the gene, since it could be detected by Southern blot analysis in the endogenous gene. PMID- 3243034 TI - Movement of the Dictyostelium discoideum slug: models, musings, and images. AB - The last 5 years have resulted in many advances in knowledge of the cytoskeleton and motility of individual cells. Here the problem of multicellular movement is addressed. The Dictyostelium discoideum slug is examined, and models for how approximately 100,000 cells become coordinated to move are briefly reviewed. Experiments that contributed to model building as well as those used to test models are considered. Four levels of experimentation are considered: (1) the extracellular matrix (ECM) is examined as a component of the system; (2) information obtained by examining the organisation of slug cells through sectioning is presented; (3) time, the 4th dimension, is considered, and approaches to studying the dynamics of cell interactions from the point of view of movement are outlined, and (4) cell adhesion molecules are addressed. PMID- 3243035 TI - Biosynthesis of 117 antigen: a cell cohesion molecule in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - 117 antigen is involved in the process of intercellular cohesion in Dictyostelium discoideum [Brodie et al., 1983]. The antigen, a 69- and 72-kDa doublet, was found to arise from a 60- and 62-kDa precursor. The mature antigen contains N linked oligosaccharides that are sulfated and fucosylated [Sadeghi et al., 1987]. These oligosaccharide chains are resistant to endoglycosidase H digestion. 117 antigen also contains a post-translationally added carbohydrate-containing modification(s). Unlike the N-linked oligosaccharide, this carbohydrate moiety is sensitive to periodate oxidation. 117 antigen is developmentally regulated, and the changes in rate of 117 antigen synthesis reflect changes in the cellular levels of its mRNA. 117 mRNA accumulates in starving cells and reaches its maximum when cells become aggregation competent. The mRNA levels then decline, and by the time the slug structure is formed, no 117 mRNA is present. 117 mRNA reaccumulates for a brief period during early culmination and then returns to an undetectable level. PMID- 3243036 TI - Defective intercellular cohesion in glycosylation mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - In order to identify the biological roles of protein-linked oligosaccharides, we have isolated mutants by a selection for amoebae with temperature-sensitive defects in glycan assembly and processing. Of these, 75% were also temperature sensitive for development [Boose and Henderson, 1986]. Two such mutants with distinct developmental phenotypes and glycosylation patterns are described. Mutant HT7 cannot complete aggregation at the restrictive temperature and is defective in expression of EDTA-resistant cohesion. The biochemical defect appears to be early in glycan processing. A revertant of HT7 has recovered aggregation capability, EDTA-resistant cohesion, and reverted almost totally to wild-type glycosylation. Mutant HT15 aggregates at the restrictive temperature but then disperses into a cell lawn. It is less deficient in EDTA-resistant cohesion than HT7 and has a different glycosylation profile. These results provide strong support for a role of protein N-linked oligosaccharides in aggregation-stage intercellular cohesion. PMID- 3243037 TI - Cell behavior during formation of prestalk/prespore pattern in submerged agglomerates of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - When cells dissociated from Dictyostelium discoideum slugs were cultured in roller tubes, they formed agglomerates in which prestalk cells were initially dispersed but soon sorted out to the center and then moved to the edge to reconstitute the prestalk/prespore pattern. To examine the mechanism of sorting out, individual prestalk cells were traced by a videotape recorder. The radial component of the rate of movement toward the center of the presumptive prestalk region was calculated. Prestalk cells did not move randomly, but rather directionally toward the center. Their movement was pulsatile, with a period of ca. 15 min, and accompanied by occasional formation of cell streams, thus resembling the movement observable during cell aggregation. These results favor the idea that prestalk cells sort out to the prestalk region due to differential chemotaxis rather than differential adhesiveness. After formation of the prestalk/prespore pattern, the prestalk region rotated along the circumference of the agglomerates. This appears comparable to migration of slugs on the substratum, the rate of rotation being similar to that of slug migration. To examine the processes of pattern formation during development, washed vegetative cells were cultured in roller tubes. Prespore cells identified by antispore immunoglobulin initially appeared randomly within the agglomerates, but then nonprespore cells accumulated in the center and finally moved to the edge to establish the prestalk/prespore pattern, the processes being similar to those of pattern reconstruction with differentiated prestalk and prespore cells. PMID- 3243038 TI - Ammonia can stimulate or inhibit aggregate density in Dictyostelium mucoroides: a quantitative test of the hypothesis that ammonia is the aggregation-suppressing gas. AB - Ammonia, at moderate concentrations, stimulates aggregate density of Dictyostelium mucoroides. The range of stimulatory concentrations includes ammonia concentrations established by populations of amebae. At higher concentrations, ammonia inhibits aggregate density. A quantitative test of the hypothesis that ammonia is the aggregation-suppressing gas has been carried out. The concentration of ammonia established over defined populations of amebae is one or two orders of magnitude lower than the concentration of ammonia required to exert the same degree of inhibitory effect as the populations of amebae exert. An additional difference between ammonia and the aggregation-suppressing gas is the fact that increasing concentrations of the aggregation-suppressing gas cause progressively larger aggregation streams, while increasing concentrations of ammonia have no such effect. The stimulatory effect of ammonia at concentrations established by ameba populations indicates that ammonia must be included in the variables affecting the aggregation process and that this ammonia effect must be taken into account in any quantitative modelling of the aggregation process. PMID- 3243039 TI - Purification, characterization, and partial structure of D factor from Polysphondylium violaceum. AB - The A component of D factor (DfA) was overproduced during development of wild type Polyspondylium violaceum strain China after starvation in liquid medium. Crude DfA excreted by strain China was partially purified by ultrafiltration using Amicon YM10 and YM2 filters with DfA extracted from the filtrate by absorption onto a preparative grade C-18 resin. The concentrated material was further purified on a C-18 analytical column using both acetonitrile:water and methanol:water gradients. This highly purified fraction was a single component with a final specific activity of greater than 10(6) units per mg dry weight. Purified DfA is red having a broad visible absorbance at 500 nm and a ultraviolet (uv) absorbance at 290-300 nm. The red chromophore is sensitive to pH and to oxidation-reduction. 1H and 13C nmr studies with purified DfA indicate that it is a C11 compound with both polar and non-polar regions. The non-polar region has been identified as a hexanone and is the same as the side chain of DIF from Dictyostelium discoideum. Purified DfA has been used in studies with the D factor non-producing mutant, tsg-119 cyc-1 aggA586 (A586), to show that neither production of glorin nor chemotactic sensitivity to glorin are affected by D factor. However, founder cells develop in A586 mutant populations only after addition of D factor. These data suggest that DfA may be necessary for induction of aggregate formation by aggregation-competent amoebae. PMID- 3243040 TI - Lithium-induced renal disease: a prospective study. AB - Considerable controversy exists as to whether lithium maintenance therapy is associated with the development of renal insufficiency. In 1980 we initiated a prospective study of renal function in manic-depressive patients beginning lithium therapy. None of the patients had evidence of pre-existing renal disease. Sixty-five patients were entered, and 51 and 18 patients completed 1 and 3 years of follow-up, respectively. Lithium doses were titrated to the lowest level consistent with control of psychiatric symptoms; there were no episodes of overt lithium intoxication. Serum creatinine levels in all patients, and endogenous creatinine clearance in women, remained stable over the course of the study. In contrast, creatinine clearances (mean +/- SEM, ml/min/1.73 m2) in men significantly decreased over both 1 year (110 +/- 4 to 95 +/- 5, n = 21, p = 0.0126) and 3 years (107 +/- 4 to 80 +/- 11, n = 8, p = 0.0385) of evaluation. Although all patients demonstrated a mild reduction in renal concentrating ability after initiation of lithium, the decrease was not progressive over the course of the study. Quantitative urinary protein excretion did not change, and repeated urinalyses did not reveal any evidence of renal disease. Thus, lithium therapy appears to result in modestly reduced rates of glomerular filtration, as measured by endogenous creatinine clearance, in men receiving lithium maintenance therapy for manic-depressive illness. Whether this reduction is progressive and leads to clinically significant renal insufficiency requires further investigation. PMID- 3243041 TI - The effect of treatment with prednisolone or cyclophosphamide-warfarin dipyridamole combination on the outcome of patients with membranous nephropathy. AB - Between 1973 and 1986, 109 patients with membranous nephropathy have been evaluated with respect to clinical presentation, pathological features and factors determining prognosis. Secondary disease was present in 21, and a further 21 were lost or followed for less than 12 months. The remaining 67 with idiopathic membranous nephropathy were allotted to one of three groups. Group 0 (26 patients) received no active treatment, Group 1 (12 patients) a combination of cyclophosphamide, dipyridamole and warfarin, and Group 2 (21 patients) high dose alternate day prednisolone therapy. Eight patients received other treatment or presented with end stage renal disease. No significant difference in outcome could be detected between the groups. Remission rates were equivalent as were numbers of patients judged as having progressive disease. There was no statistical difference with respect to duration of nephrotic syndrome, plasma creatinine at the end of study and change in plasma creatinine. No demonstrable benefit was obtained in predicting the outcome of disease or response to treatment from conventional pathological grading of stages I to IV as approximately equal numbers of each stage fell into good and bad categories of outcome. Similarly unusual histological features such as mesangial proliferation and immunofluorescence for deposits other than IgG and C3 were not helpful. A different approach to treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy is strongly recommended. PMID- 3243042 TI - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and its metabolites in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3243043 TI - Mumps infections in the etiology of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. AB - The epidemiology of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes was studied during a period starting after an unusually sharp epidemic of mumps. The number of diabetic cases increased significantly 2-4 years after the epidemic. Incidence rates were highest in geographical areas with the highest incidence of mumps and lowest in areas with the smallest numbers of reported mumps cases. Serological studies employing EIA-assays indicated recent mumps infections more often among newly diagnosed diabetic children than among matched controls although the incidence was low (13% of patients and 4% of controls had serological markers of recent mumps). Those patients, who had had serologically verified recent mumps had more often HLA-DR4 associated risk antigens (Dw4 and Dw14) than other patients. Also clinical history of mumps was obtained more often from diabetic children than from controls as 27% of the patients and 14% of the controls had had clinical mumps during the five years preceding the diagnosis of diabetes. These results confirm several earlier reports suggesting a connection between mumps and Type 1 diabetes and that the onset of diabetes may be delayed by several years. PMID- 3243044 TI - Secretor state and complement levels (C3 and C4) in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Lower levels of C3 and C4 components of the complement system have been reported for patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) but not among those with non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM). We have found a significantly higher proportion of patients who are non-secretors of the ABO blood group antigens among patients with IDDM but not among those with NIDDM. As the gene that controls secretion of these antigens is in the same linkage group as that for the C3 complement component, we compared the levels of C3 and C4 of patients with IDDM by secretor state. The mean level of C3c for 45 non-secretors (75.2 IU/ml) was significantly lower than that found for 59 secretors (86.4 IU/ml) (p less than 0.025). The level of C4 among non-secretors (77.1 IU/ml) was also significantly lower than that of secretors (96.3 IU/ml) (p less than 0.025). The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 3243045 TI - Relationship between fasting serum tryptophan/large neutral amino acid ratio and reported hunger in subjects with diabetes. AB - Food intake regulation is influenced by serum amino acid (AA) ratios. The objectives of this study were to determine whether non-obese subjects with diabetes have normal serum AA ratios, and to see if AA ratios relate to perceived hunger. We therefore measured fasting serum AA in nine normal subjects on two occasions and 19 patients with diabetes on four occasions over a two month period. At the time of the blood samples, the subjects with diabetes were asked to rate how hungry they felt on a scale of -3 (very hungry) to +3 (very full). There were no significant differences between the mean AA ratios of normal and diabetic subjects. There was a positive correlation between reported hunger score and the ratio of serum tryptophan (TRP) to the sum of the concentrations of the other large neutral AA (LNAA) (r = 0.286, n = 78, p less than 0.05). The relationships between hunger and other AA ratios were not significant. Variations of the TRP/LNAA ratio within each subject did not relate to differences in hunger from day-to-day. However, there was a positive correlation between the mean TRP/LNAA ratio and mean hunger score of the different subjects (r = 0.495, n = 19, p less than 0.05). The relationships between TRP/LNAA ratio and body weight or hunger score were not significant. It is concluded that the serum AA ratios are normal in patients with diabetes. The data is consistent with the hypothesis that a low serum TRP/LNAA ratio causes increased feelings of hunger in different individuals. PMID- 3243046 TI - Renal response of conscious rats to the simultaneous infusion of glucose and saline. AB - Conscious male rats received an infusion of glucose in saline (139 mM glucose in 77 mM sodium chloride at 5.2 ml/h) via a tail vein for up to 7 h. A control group of rats received saline alone. Rats of both groups were of similar body weights. Plasma glucose concentration averaged 4.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (mean + SEM, n = 5) after 4 h saline infusion and 12.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/l (n = 5; difference, p less than 0.001, paired t-test) after 4 h of combined glucose and saline infusion. Urinary glucose excretion was similar in both groups. Urine flow rate and sodium excretion rate were similar in both groups during the infusions. Calculation of the cumulative changes in sodium balance indicated that both groups of rats returned to sodium balance after about 4 h of infusion and remained so for the subsequent 3 h. Values for plasma protein concentration and plasma osmolality were not significantly different after 4 h of either infusion. Inulin clearance during the 4-6 h period of saline infusion (= 3.40 +/- 0.23 ml/min) was not significantly different to that during the 2-4 h period (= 3.33 +/- 0.20 ml/min). In rats infused with glucose in saline inulin clearance increased significantly during the 4-6 h period compared with that during the 2-4 h period (4.14 +/- 0.32 vs 3.31 +/- 0.32 ml/min, p less than 0.05 paired t-test). Mean arterial blood pressure was similar in the two groups of rats and did not change significantly during the experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243047 TI - Continuing medical education and assessment of radiologists. PMID- 3243049 TI - The use of the pelvic radiograph alone to assess therapeutic response in bone metastases from breast cancer. AB - This study examines the necessity for repeated full skeletal radiographic surveys to assess the response of bone metastases from breast cancer to systemic treatment. This method of evaluating response is compared with that achieved using sequential radiography of the pelvis alone. Sequential changes on pelvic radiographs were identical to those seen on a complete skeletal survey in 87% of the patients studied. In only 6% of the patients were the changes on the pelvic radiographs sufficiently at variance with those on the skeletal survey to suggest a difference in management. It is suggested that sequential radiography of pelvic bones alone is sufficient to assess response of bone metastases in breast cancer in the majority of patients. PMID- 3243048 TI - Critical analysis of the use of skeletal surveys in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Skeletal radiology and bone histopathology were compared in 82 patients with renal failure. The performance of radiology in detecting lesions was assessed using interobserver studies which showed disappointing levels of agreement probably reflecting the subjective nature of the radiological signs. Radiology was very insensitive in detecting and grading hyperparathyroidism even when histology and serum biochemistry were floridly abnormal. The most useful radiographs for monitoring subperiosteal erosions and vascular and soft tissue calcification are identified. PMID- 3243050 TI - The value of high definition, narrow section computed tomography in fibrosing alveolitis. AB - Fibrosing alveolitis was studied by high definition, narrow section computed tomography (CT) in 50 patients, 30 of whom were suffering from systemic sclerosis and 20 from cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA). Apart from changes in the mid and lower zones, abnormalities were also observed anteriorly in the upper lobes and in the pleura. Scanning in the prone position was important in seeking evidence of minimal pathological change. In systemic sclerosis CT was 24% more accurate than high kilovoltage radiography in demonstrating minimal evidence of fibrosing alveolitis; this had a characteristic distribution as a peripheral crescent of high attenuation in the lower lobes before any changes were visible on standard radiographs. The CT appearances in CFA were also characteristic, particularly when the disease appeared to be early or limited. We believe that high definition CT may be of value in suggesting the diagnosis of CFA in patients with non-specific abnormalities on the chest radiograph. PMID- 3243051 TI - The diagnosis by computed tomography of brachial plexus lesions following radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast. AB - The region of the brachial plexus in the root of neck and axilla was examined by computed tomography (CT) in 62 patients attending the Royal Marsden Hospital. Forty-two of these patients had been treated by surgery and subsequent radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast. Computed tomography was able to identify varying grades of abnormality that were ascribed to radiation fibrosis. Twenty-eight patients had neurological symptoms affecting the arm or hand on the treated side and CT changes were seen in 96%. The grading and significance of these CT abnormalities is discussed. The patients had been treated by two different radiotherapy techniques (three-field and four-field) which utilised either a large or small treatment fraction. The higher grades of abnormality on CT were seen in 57% of those treated with the large fraction size and 27% of those treated with the small fraction size. However, the changes on CT did not relate to the different radiotherapy techniques. PMID- 3243052 TI - Paediatric pulmonary nodules: a comparison of computed tomography, thoracotomy findings and histology. AB - Eighteen computed tomography (CT) studies of the lungs prior to thoracotomy in 15 children with presumed pulmonary metastases were compared retrospectively with surgical and pathological findings. Computed tomography detected 86% of the malignant lesions and technical factors were thought to be important where larger nodules were missed. Although CT does not differentiate benign and malignant lesions, 90% of lesions detected at CT in this study contained tumour. In four patients it was found that nodules that increased in size on serial CT contained viable tumour, whereas nodules that decreased in size while a patient was on chemotherapy might or might not contain viable tumour. PMID- 3243053 TI - Quantification of right to left shunt through pulmonary arteriovenous malformations using 99Tcm albumin microspheres. AB - Calculation of the right-to-left shunt through pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) is important in assessing the effect of therapeutic embolisation or surgical resection. Previously, complicated physiological techniques using radiolabelled inert gases or the 100% oxygen breathing method were required. We describe a new method for quantitating the systemic uptake of intravenously injected 99Tcm albumin microspheres (99Tcm MS) which reflects shunt fraction since these particles do not normally traverse the pulmonary capillary bed. Seven patients with PAVMs were studied and shunt values obtained using 99Tcm MS were validated by simultaneous measurement of shunt fraction using the 100% oxygen method. By comparing radioactive counts in the injection dose to subsequent counts in the right kidney, which was taken as an index of systemic activity, accurate quantification of right-to-left shunt over a wide range of values was obtained (correlation coefficient against 100% oxygen method r = 0.993). The comparison of right kidney counts with total lung counts and total lung counts with injected dose counts, also indicators of shunt fraction, correlated less well with the oxygen method (r = 0.942 and r = 0.88 respectively). Use of 99Tcm labelled microspheres allows simple and precise measurement of right-to-left shunt in patients with PAVMs during routine isotope lung scanning. PMID- 3243054 TI - Normal and near normal caliceal patterns in reflux nephropathy. AB - Distorted, clubbed calices associated with focal renal scars or areas of more diffuse parenchymal loss make up the accepted urographic diagnostic criteria of chronic reflux nephropathy. It is widely believed that this diagnosis should not be suggested in the absence of the above findings and that scarring with normal calices indicates a vascular aetiology. This study describes five children with marked renal parenchymal loss all of whom have normal or near normal calices underlying the areas of parenchymal thinning and all of whom show severe vesico ureteric reflux on micturating cystography. We suggest that these patients represent examples of true reflux nephropathy and that normal or near normal caliceal patterns may be seen underlying areas of renal parenchymal damage in this condition. No localised scars were seen in association with normal calices and we suggest that the marked tissue distortion caused by localised indented scars plays a significant part in producing the caliceal appearances more usually seen in reflux nephropathy. Other possible mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of relatively normal caliceal architecture are also discussed. PMID- 3243055 TI - Percutaneous drainage in emphysematous pyelonephritis--an alternative to major surgery. AB - Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, life-threatening infection of the kidney associated with the production of gas, usually found in diabetic patients. Experience of this condition reported in the literature suggests that vigorous medical treatment and early nephrectomy are advisable. We report a case in which percutaneous renal drainage combined with medical therapy produced not only complete recovery of the patient, but also preservation of renal function on the affected side. PMID- 3243056 TI - Lymphoma of the small intestine: radiological appearances. AB - The radiological features of small intestinal lymphoma are described in 11 patients examined using the small bowel enema technique. The signs include luminal narrowing with mucosal destruction and occasionally shouldering of the margins and stricture formation, broad based ulceration, cavitation, non-specific thickening of the valvulae conniventes, discrete intraluminal filling defects, and a mass. In one patient, small nodules were scattered throughout the small intestine. Aneurysmal dilatation of a segment of intestine was seen in one case and an extraluminal mesenteric mass in another. A combination of different signs was a frequent finding and multiple intestinal lesions were present in four cases. Predisposing factors were present in five cases including coeliac disease, chronic lymphatic leukaemia, immunoproliferative small intestinal (alpha-chain) disease and previous extraintestinal lymphoma. In another patient there was evidence of extraintestinal lymphoma at the time of presentation. PMID- 3243057 TI - Further technical development in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in children. AB - Further technical developments implemented in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in children are described. These include the use of longer data collection periods, T2-dependent field echoes, susceptibility mapping, short inversion time inversion recovery sequences, very long echo time spin-echo sequences, and phase mapping techniques to detect tissue perfusion. These techniques are illustrated in selected cases and have increased the range of options available in MR examinations of children. PMID- 3243058 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of meniscal lesions of the knee. AB - In a prospective study of 25 patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to detect meniscal tears in the symptomatic knee. All patients underwent arthroscopy and 21 underwent double contrast arthrography. When correlated with these two diagnostic procedures MRI produced no false negative results. There were, however, six false positive MRI findings all of which related to the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. MRI appears to be reliable in detecting meniscal tears but long examination times continue to limit its clinical usefulness. PMID- 3243059 TI - The value of soft tissue signs in wrist trauma. AB - A retrospective study of the wrist radiographs of 1453 patients presenting with acute wrist trauma was undertaken in order to assess the value of soft tissue signs. A total of 773 radiographs which were judged to be normal were used to evaluate the normal pronator quadratus fat stripe. The distance of the normal pronator fat stripe from the radius was shown to be significantly lower in females than in males and increased with age. The increase with age was greater in males. Although most fractures were associated with some soft tissue abnormality, certain fractures, especially greenstick fractures in children, had normal soft tissue planes. Only 4% of the wrists examined had soft tissue abnormalities with no visible fracture. The presence of soft tissue signs should therefore be considered with suspicion when evaluating wrist radiographs in trauma, but the absence of signs does not necessarily exclude a fracture. PMID- 3243060 TI - Abstracts of papers: Royal College of Radiologists, annual scientific meeting. 7 10 September 1988, Devon. PMID- 3243061 TI - Floating faeces in steatorrhea--a new sign. PMID- 3243062 TI - Community medicine and primary care in Scotland. PMID- 3243063 TI - Are hip fractures underestimated as a cause of death? The influence of coroners and pathologists on the death rate. PMID- 3243064 TI - The prevalence of urinary symptoms in patients with chronic neurological disease. PMID- 3243065 TI - Habits of health in the Royal Navy. PMID- 3243066 TI - Risk factors for meningococcal disease: a case control study in south west England. PMID- 3243067 TI - An outbreak of hepatitis B among intravenous drug users in Medway. PMID- 3243068 TI - Tackling the problems of drug use: response to the government's strategy. PMID- 3243069 TI - Communicable disease report October to December 1987. From the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. PMID- 3243070 TI - Public health in England--six views from the field. PMID- 3243071 TI - Setting goals for Australia's health. PMID- 3243072 TI - Tying down the indicators and targets for health for all. PMID- 3243073 TI - The safety of small maternity hospitals in Victoria 1982-84. PMID- 3243074 TI - Do health departments promote health? If not, what do they do? PMID- 3243075 TI - Risk factors for mortality in Australian Vietnam-era national servicemen: a case control study. PMID- 3243076 TI - Head injury in South Australia: incidence of hospital attendance and disability based on a one-year sample. PMID- 3243077 TI - A population-based diabetes register--development & applications. PMID- 3243078 TI - Coping with the social environment: the relationship between life events, coping strategies and psychological distress. PMID- 3243079 TI - The demise of Wolfe Home: a case study of the closure of an inpatient alcoholism unit. PMID- 3243080 TI - Public health training in Australia. PMID- 3243081 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the PHANZ conference, 1988. Public Health Association of New Zealand. "Health, leisure and technology: beyond just health". PMID- 3243082 TI - Metabolism of drugs in the eye. Drug-reducing activity of preparations from bovine ciliary body. AB - Drug-metabolizing activities, especially the reductase activities towards N oxide, hydroxamic acid, sulfoxide and nitro compounds were comparatively examined with bovine ciliary body. As described previously, the cytosol from the ocular tissue exhibits the nicotinamide N-oxide reductase activity when supplemented with 2-hydroxypyrimidine, an electron donor of aldehyde oxidase. When the cytosol was fractionated with ammonium sulfate, followed by assays of aldehyde oxidase and nicotinamide N-oxide reductase activities in each fraction, the distribution of aldehyde oxidase activity in the resultant ammonium sulfate fractions was nearly parallel to that of nicotinamide N-oxide reductase activity. Furthermore, reductase activities towards drugs such as sulfoxide, hydroxamic acid and nitro compounds were observed with the cytosol in the presence of 2-hydroxypyrimidine or N1-methylnicotinamide. In general, these reductase activities of the fraction were markedly inhibited by menadione, an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. These results suggest that aldehyde oxidase present in ciliary body plays an important role in the reduction of a variety of xenobiotics in mammalian eyes. However, in the case of imipramine N-oxide, its reduction in the ocular tissue appears to be more readily catalyzed by a menadione-linked enzyme different from aldehyde oxidase. PMID- 3243083 TI - A microsystem to assay lysosomal enzyme activities in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. AB - A microsystem to assay the activity of lysosomal enzymes in a small number of cultured RPE cells is described. The activities of acid phosphatase, a mannosidase, B-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase were estimated in different human RPE cultures of varying passages. Some biochemical characteristics for each of the enzyme assays were studied including the effect of pH, the saturating concentrations of the appropriate substrates and the relationship between the enzyme activity and the number of cells assayed. The method presented is straightforward, avoids complicated tissue fractionation procedures and is able to estimate enzyme activities in as few as 10(4) cells. PMID- 3243084 TI - Topical indomethacin and prostaglandins in normal and aphakic rabbit eyes. AB - Lenses were removed from rabbit eyes using an extracapsular technique. Animals were in three groups; no treatment (NT), post-treatment (PT) and pre- and post treatment (PPT). Treatment consisted of 2% topical indomethacin given three times a day after surgery, except for the PPT group that received 3 drops on the day prior to surgery and drops at 3 hours and 1 hour before surgery. Prostaglandin levels in ocular tissues and fluids were determined at 7, 14 and 21 days post surgery. Indomethacin decreased prostaglandin formation in most ocular tissues, and was more effective in the PPT group than in the PT group. The data indicate that topical indomethacin suppresses prostaglandin formation from ocular tissues, and that local prostaglandin release from retina and choroid can provide locally high prostaglandin concentrations, regardless of their source, after lensectomy. PMID- 3243086 TI - The effect of hypophysectomy on the mitotic activity of the regenerating adrenal cortex in rats. AB - The role of the pituitary in the regeneration of the adrenal cortex was examined. Enucleation of the left adrenal, and removal of the right adrenal were performed in hypophysectomized rats, in sham-operated control rats and in intact control rats. The mitotic activity of adrenal regenerates was evaluated on the 5th day after enucleation. A statistically significant decrease (p less than 0.001) in the mean mitotic activity rate was noted in the hypophysectomized rats, when compared with both control groups. The results obtained indicate a significant stimulating effect of the pituitary on the regeneration of the adrenal cortex in rats. PMID- 3243085 TI - The rhodopsin content of the human eye. AB - The content of rhodopsin in the human retina was determined using a radioimmunoassay which measures both rhodopsin and opsin. A value of 0.5 nmole of rod visual pigment per mg of extractable protein was obtained, corresponding to 3.94 +/- 0.17 (mean +/- SEM, n = 42) nmole per eye. This value is slightly higher than those previously reported which were based on spectral determinations measuring only native rhodopsin. No significant difference was seen in the population studied with respect to age or sex. Human rhodopsin was partially purified by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A, and some of its properties were studied. A comparison of the immunological reactivity of human, bovine, rat and chicken rhodopsin indicated similarity among the three mammalian species, while the chicken was some 50 fold less reactive. PMID- 3243087 TI - Self-digestion and vesiculation of bovine erythrocyte ghosts. AB - The coexistence of vesiculation and the self-digestion process during incubation (37 degrees C, several hours) of bovine erythrocyte ghosts in the presence or absence of protease inhibitors was studied. The release of vesicles and proteolytic protein fragments into supernatants of membrane suspensions was analysed employing turbidimetric and nephelometric methods, protein concentration measurement and exposed amino group determination. Vesiculation seems to be independent of self-digestion. A model of membrane protein loss during ghost incubation is proposed and discussed. PMID- 3243088 TI - Paper chromatographic characterization of an extracellular biologically active compound from Coelastrum sphaericum var. dilatatum. AB - A non-cytotoxic, wide antiviral spectra compound was isolated from the lyophilized media of axenic cultures of the green alga Coelastrum sphaericum var. dilatatum. After acid hydrolysis, polyenic-like fractions were liberated from the same compound with inhibitory effect against Candida albicans. Biochromatographic and spectrophotometric results demonstrated that the product included a glycosidic fraction associated with a nucleotidic component. PMID- 3243089 TI - Endocrine cells in the caecum of the rabbit. AB - An ultrastructural study of the caecal mucosa of the rabbit revealed four endocrine cell types, distinguishable by their morphological features and by the size and appearance of the secretory granules which they contained. Endocrine cells occurred most frequently in the mid-region of the corpus ceci, with fewer cells in other regions of the caecum. The commonest cell type appeared to belong to the widely distributed enterochromaffin cells of the intestinal mucosa; less common were cells corresponding to the L cells of the colon, and more rare were endocrine cell types which corresponded to the M and (probably) S cells of the gastrointestinal tract. The secretions from these cell types may well be important in the diurnal physiological regimen of the rabbit caecum. PMID- 3243090 TI - Chronic ethanol treatment of rats reduces RNA polymerase activity in isolated liver nuclei. AB - The effect of acute and chronic ethanol treatment of rats on the activity of RNA polymerases I and II in isolated nuclei has been studied. Results indicate that acute ethanol administration does not change the activity of the nuclear RNA polymerases while chronic ethanol treatment significantly reduces the activity of both RNA polymerases I and II. PMID- 3243091 TI - Activity of cefixime (FK 027) for resistant gram-negative bacilli. AB - Cefixime is an orally absorbable cephalosporin with an extended spectrum of in vitro activity for gram-negative bacteria especially members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Gram-negative rod isolates collected over a three month period were tested against cefixime. Greater than 99% of Escherichia coli isolates was susceptible to cefixime including those resistant to ampicillin. Similarly isolates of Klebsiella, Proteus and Providencia were also exquisitely susceptible to cefixime as were 91% of Enterobacter cloacae and 71% of Enterobacter aerogenes. Killing kinetics of cefixime did not differ from that of the intravenously administered third-generation cephalosporin, cefotaxime. The addition of magnesium and calcium divalent cations or the lowering of the pH to 5.0 did not affect the action of this antibiotic. The extended spectrum of this oral antibiotic may be useful in treatment of urinary tract and skin and soft tissue infections caused by the more resistant gram-negative rods. PMID- 3243092 TI - Staphylococcus haemolyticus: cocarde growth around imipenem disks. AB - Twelve multiple-drug-resistant isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci from diverse clinical sources, which had yielded cocarde growths (double zones of inhibition) around 10 micrograms imipenem disks, were identified as Staphylococcus haemolyticus. This was the only staphylococcal species which exhibited this unusual phenotypic trait at our institution during a 7-month observation period. PMID- 3243093 TI - Clinical comparison of once-daily cefadroxil and thrice-daily cefaclor in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. AB - The efficacy of cefadroxil once daily and cefaclor given 3 times daily was compared in 250 pediatric patients with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. The duration of the therapy was 10 days. Therapeutic response was based on clinical responses at 24 h and 10 days and throat cultures on days 14, and 21 or 28. Five (5%) cefadroxil-treated patients and 12 (12%) cefaclor-treated patients were still culture-positive on day 14. When the patients were stratified according to major differences between treatment groups observed at baseline, a significant difference between the treatment groups in favor of cefadroxil was found on day 14 (p = 0.020) and days 21-28 (p = 0.043). These data were confirmed by the clinical findings; failure or clinical recurrence occurred in 4.6% of cefadroxil-treated patients versus 22.1% of cefaclor-treated patients. The patients complied with the recommended drug regimen, and none experienced any significant drug-related adverse reactions. The results of this study indicate that cefadroxil given once daily for streptococcal pharyngitis is an effective and well-tolerated antimicrobial agent, and suggest that the desirable pharmacokinetic properties of cefadroxil contribute to this efficacy. PMID- 3243095 TI - Development of patient-oriented hospital hygiene in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 3243094 TI - Cefetamet pivoxil a new oral cephalosporin: clinical evaluation. AB - Cefetamet pivoxil, an oral cephalosporin, was given to 683 patients; 414 received standard antibiotics. 1.5 and 1.2 g of cefetamet pivoxil were fully effective in gonorrhea. In two trials in uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) 2 g cefetamet as a single dose was significantly superior (93.3% cure) to 2 g cefadroxil (74.4% cure) and 90.8% vs. 74.7% cure. Results in complicated UTI with 2 g cefetamet for 10 days were 87.9% cure and 71.4% cure with cefadroxil. In acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis 88% were cured with cefetamet (101 patients) and 80% with cefaclor (n = 94). In acute ear-nose-throat infections, the response rate was 89% and 93% with 1 or 2 g cefetamet per day, respectively. Adverse events were noticed in 6% of the 683 cefetamet-treated patients; they were rapidly reversible. PMID- 3243096 TI - Infection control in the United Kingdom. AB - Most large acute hospitals have an infection control team, consisting of the infection control officier and nurse, which is responsible for day-to-day control of infection. The infection control officier is usually the medical microbiologist, a physician in charge of the microbiology laboratory, who is responsible to the Health Authority for control of infection. The team responsibilities usually include smaller hospitals, and long-term as well as acute-care facilities in each District. The infection control nurse is the only member of staff involved full-time in infection control. The infection control committee consists of managers of relevant departments, e.g. domestic, pharmacy, as well as infection control nursing and medical representatives, and usually meets 4-6 times a year. Advice or assistance is also available from national organisations, e.g. the Department of Health, the Communicable Diseases Surveillance Centre, reference laboratories and professional organisations such as the Hospital Infection Society, Infection Control Nurses Association and Central Sterilising Club. PMID- 3243097 TI - Hospital infection control in Sweden. AB - In Sweden the 23 counties are respnsible for the medical care of their inhabitants. They own and run virtually all hospitals. This system facilitates a county-based hospital infection control system. The infection control team is based in the county hospital department of clinical bacteriology. It is headed by an MD clinical bacteriologist or, in some counties, by an infectious disease specialist. In the majority of cases this is a part-time job besides other duties in the department, but some ten hospital epidemiologists work full-time with infection control. Totally there are only some 50 full-time infection control nurse positions in Sweden. This means that on the average every infection control nurse is in charge of some 2,400 hospital beds, of which some 800 are somatic acute-care ones. These beds are situated in several hospitals, often at considerable distance from each other. The county-wise organization of hospitals facilitates infection control work. Medical and nursing procedures can be coordinated between the different hospitals within the county, and teaching is facilitated. However, the scarcity of infection control nurses makes it impossible to perform ongoing complete surveillance. Only surveillance based on laboratory reports can be performed routinely. In Swedish geriatric care there has been a strong movement not to accept incontinence as a reason for inserting and maintaining indwelling urinary catheters. This has greatly reduced urinary tract infections, and the rates of other infections as well. It has also reduced the costs in this type of medical care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243098 TI - Is there infection control without surveillance? AB - A brief historical review of hospital surveillance data is presented. It is suggested that routine surveillance of nosocomial infections is important to identify problems for correction, to order priorities, and to influence rates favorably. PMID- 3243099 TI - Study on the efficacy of nosocomial infection control (SENIC Project): results and implications for the future. AB - The purpose of the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC Project) was to evaluate nosocomial infection prevention and control programs in hospitals in the United States. The overall plan was to assess the surveillance and control activities in hospitals in the United States in 1970 and 1976, to measure the change in the nosocomial infection rates from 1970 to 1976 as determined from a carefully conducted retrospective chart review, and to assess the influence of changes in these programs on infection rates after controlling for other important changes that occurred during the interval. The SENIC 'bottom line' was that 32% of infections that would have occurred in the absence of well organized infection surveillance and control programs were potentially preventable. However, only 6% of infections were actually being prevented by programs that existed in 1976. The critical components of an effective program were a balance between surveillance and control efforts, one infection control nurse for every 250 beds, a trained hospital epidemiologist, and feedback of surgical wound infection rates to practicing surgeons. In the United States, priorities for nosocomial infection prevention and control efforts include infections caused by emerging pathogens such as coagulase-negative staphylococci, enterococci, and Candida species; infections of the blood stream and surgical wounds; and infections in critical-care units. In addition, there is a critical need for timely analysis and dissemination of surveillance data and for continued training of infection control practitioners and physicians to maximize the effectiveness of prevention and control efforts. PMID- 3243100 TI - [Malignant tumors of the bones]. PMID- 3243101 TI - [Zirconium oxide as a substitute for alumina oxide in hip joint prosthesis: in vitro evaluation of wear and tear of such bioceramic materials]. PMID- 3243102 TI - [Ankylosing spondylitis: long-term results of implantation of hip joint prosthesis]. PMID- 3243104 TI - [Our experience in the surgical treatment of epiphysiolysis]. PMID- 3243103 TI - [Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with the Kennedy ligament augmentation device (L.A.D.) of reinforcement (preliminary results)]. PMID- 3243105 TI - [Subcutaneous rupture of the patellar tendon]. PMID- 3243106 TI - [Safety pin synthesis in the cure of acromio-clavicular luxation]. PMID- 3243107 TI - [Orthopedic surgery to prolong walking in Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 3243108 TI - [Implantation of demineralized heterologous bone matrix: preliminary results of an experimental study in rats]. PMID- 3243109 TI - [Effect of gamma ray sterilization on the expanding endo-orthosis for flatfoot]. PMID- 3243110 TI - [Bilateral laceration of patellar tendon in a case of osteogenesis imperfecta]. PMID- 3243112 TI - [Surgical treatment of a plurirecurrent case of Masson hemangioendothelioma]. PMID- 3243111 TI - [Malformation of the atlas: a rare symptomatic case]. PMID- 3243113 TI - [A case of popliteal cyst of unusual dimensions]. PMID- 3243114 TI - [Use of pro-ulna radius in resection of proximal ulna]. PMID- 3243115 TI - [Pathologic fracture of the right femur in hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 3243116 TI - [Long-term results of Hill's posterior gastropexy in the treatment of uncomplicated gasroesophageal reflux in adults]. PMID- 3243117 TI - [Treatment of large recurrent abdominal hernias using vascularized dermal flaps. A critical study of 12 cases]. PMID- 3243118 TI - [Inveterate post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. 15 cases]. PMID- 3243119 TI - [Rigid centromedullar nailing of the lower limbs]. PMID- 3243120 TI - [Toxic megacolon. Results of surgical treatment. Apropos of 70 cases]. PMID- 3243121 TI - [Treatment of inguinal hernia with reinforcement prosthesis of the visceral sac. Analysis of a series of 399 surgically treated patients]. PMID- 3243122 TI - [Cystadenoma of the pancreas. Which ones should be resected? 25 cases]. PMID- 3243123 TI - [Traumatic eventration caused by esophageal hiatus]. PMID- 3243124 TI - [The in situ hidden cutaneous flap in the treatment of postoperative eventration]. PMID- 3243125 TI - [An analysis of causes and prevention of ventricular fibrillation complicating selective coronary angiography]. PMID- 3243126 TI - [Clinical experience with staplers in gastrointestinal surgery]. PMID- 3243127 TI - [Surgical treatment of obstruction of the right posterior segmental hepatic duct]. PMID- 3243128 TI - [Wrist arthroscopy in clinical applications]. PMID- 3243129 TI - [Uses of autotransfusion in orthopedic surgery]. PMID- 3243130 TI - [The importance of adequate intra-focal exposure during focal debridement of spinal tuberculosis]. PMID- 3243131 TI - [Reverse implantation of osteotomized tibial fragments in the treatment of congenital pseudoarthrosis]. PMID- 3243132 TI - [The clinical application of percutaneous vasography and vaso-catheterization]. PMID- 3243133 TI - [Development and application of skin tissue expanders produced in China]. PMID- 3243134 TI - [Using a lower trapezius myocutaneous flap to repair defects in head and neck surgery]. PMID- 3243135 TI - [Total pancreatectomy in pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 3243136 TI - [Valvular substitution of the popliteal vein by double tendon transposition]. PMID- 3243137 TI - [Definitive treatment of thoracic penetrating injuries due to missiles: report of 155 cases]. PMID- 3243138 TI - [Biomechanics of the lumbo-sacral sac in flexion-extension myelography]. PMID- 3243139 TI - [Experimental and clinical study of transplanted autogenous valve-bearing venous segments of superficial femoral veins]. PMID- 3243141 TI - [Anomalies of the extra-hepatic duct and their clinical implications]. PMID- 3243140 TI - [Hepatobiliary scintigraphy with Tc-99m-EHIDA in patients with obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 3243142 TI - [Postoperative choledochoscopic treatment of intrahepatic stones]. PMID- 3243143 TI - [Hepatectomy in the treatment of strictures and stones of the right hepatic duct]. PMID- 3243144 TI - [Surgical treatment of high biliary stricture complicating intrahepatic stones]. PMID- 3243145 TI - [The Rastelli operation in transposition of the great arteries and Taussig-Bing syndrome]. PMID- 3243146 TI - [Effect of prostaglandin E1 in chronic obliterative diseases of peripheral arteries]. PMID- 3243148 TI - [Arthroscopic synovectomy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3243147 TI - [Surgical injury of the peripheral nerve: a report of 81 cases]. PMID- 3243149 TI - [A pedicled skin flap and pedicled myocutaneous flap in the treatment of soft tissue defects]. PMID- 3243150 TI - [Uses of tension band wire in the treatment of fractures: report of 40 cases]. PMID- 3243151 TI - [Relative risk periods for calcium oxalate stone formation: the circadian rhythm of formation in urine]. PMID- 3243152 TI - [Bladder neck reconstruction in complete urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3243153 TI - [Perforation of the stomach into the thoracic cavity after resection of esophageal cancer: report of 4 cases]. PMID- 3243154 TI - [Surgical treatment of tumors of the pineal region using the right occipital supratentorial approach]. PMID- 3243155 TI - [One-stage urethroplasty using an island skin tube from the perineum and scrotum in the treatment of complex stricture of the posterior urethra]. PMID- 3243156 TI - [Applied anatomic study of the drainage of the human segmental hepatic veins]. PMID- 3243157 TI - Renal-cell carcinoma with intranuclear inclusions metastatic to thyroid: a diagnostic problem in aspiration cytology. AB - A case of renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) exhibiting prominent intranuclear inclusions in a metastasis to the thyroid is presented. RCC had been treated in this patient by right nephrectomy 7 yr earlier and by left partial nephrectomy 5 yr earlier; the patient had also received radiation to the neck 4 yr earlier for carcinoma in situ of the left true vocal cord. Aspiration performed on a rapidly enlarging mass in the left lobe of the thyroid revealed both clusters of tumor cells and single tumor cells with prominent intranuclear inclusions. Definitive distinction between a primary and metastatic neoplasm was difficult on the aspiration specimen. Subsequent thyroidectomy confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with intranuclear inclusions by histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis. The differential diagnosis by aspiration cytology of thyroid neoplasms that contain intranuclear inclusions is discussed. PMID- 3243158 TI - Cytologic detection of amyloid in duodenal and ureteral brushings. AB - Two cases of amyloidosis diagnosed on cytology brush specimens are described. Gastrointestinal involvement in a patient with primary amyloidosis and renal involvement in a patient with multiple myeloma were diagnosed on duodenal and ureteral brush specimens, respectively. Familiarity with the staining characteristics of amyloid should increase it as a consideration in the differential diagnosis of certain specimen types. PMID- 3243159 TI - Acquired gluteal myospherulosis secondary to intramuscular injections of petrolatum-based hormones: a case report diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. AB - A case of acquired myospherulosis of the right gluteal region diagnosed by FNA cytology is reported in a woman who had received a series of intramuscular injections of petrolatum-based hormones. The lesion is characterized by inflammatory pseudocystic nodules containing saccular formations with erythrocytes or "bags of marbles." It results from a physical process similar to the emulsion phenomenon between nonresorbent oily material and plasma. This process gives rise to sequestration of blood corpuscles by oily materials and thus development of foreign body granulomas. PMID- 3243160 TI - Cytologic diagnosis of a chordoma without physaliforous cells. AB - Fine-needle aspiration cytology of a presacral chordoma without the classic physaliforous cells is reported. The potential for the misdiagnosis of these lesions when these cells are absent is discussed. The pertinent literature related to this case is reviewed. PMID- 3243161 TI - Fine-needle aspiration cytology of chondromyxoid fibroma: a case report. AB - The cytologic presentation of a case of chondromyxoid fibroma studied by fine needle aspiration in a 17-yr-old black male is described. The cytologic features of chondromyxoid fibroma are presented, and the differential diagnosis of intraosseous cartilaginous neoplasms is reviewed, emphasizing the cytomorphologic differentiation of chondromyxoid fibroma from chondrosarcoma, enchondroma, and chondroblastoma. PMID- 3243162 TI - Fine-needle aspiration cytology of an adult rhabdomyoma of the head and neck. AB - The cytologic features of a multifocal adult rhabdomyoma of the head and neck, as observed in a fine-needle aspiration specimen, are described. Cross-striations and characteristic cytoplasmic "crystals" were conspicuous in the cytologic preparations and also during ultrastructural examination. The cytologic features of adult rhabdomyoma are distinctive, allowing a rapid specific diagnosis. PMID- 3243163 TI - Metastatic transitional-cell carcinoma to the mandible: a case report. AB - Transitional-cell carcinoma to the mandible is an uncommon occurrence. Only three cases have been reported in the literature. This is a case report of such a metastasis, the first diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration. Emphasis is placed on the cytologic features of the tumor cells. PMID- 3243164 TI - Fine-needle aspiration of spleen: diagnosis of a solitary ovarian metastasis. AB - We report a patient in whom a solitary splenic lesion detected by computed tomography (CT) was successfully diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy under CT guidance. The ability to distinguish metastatic carcinoma from lymphoma in the spleen assisted the clinician in making therapeutic decisions. Fine-needle aspiration of spleen is a reasonable diagnostic approach that has been underutilized. PMID- 3243165 TI - What is the value of electron microscopy in fine-needle aspiration biopsy? PMID- 3243166 TI - Nasal cytology in allergic processes and other syndromes caused by hyperreactivity. AB - The spontaneous nasal secretions from about 128 patients with the symptomatic triad of rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal obstruction were studied. The cytological examination consisted of a morphological evaluation and a semiquantitative evaluation. Noncellular and nonliving presences in the smears have been considered, including mucus, Charcot-Layden crystals, and pollen grains, as well as fungi and bacilli. We found a net increase in eosinophils, goblet cells, and cellular debris in secretions of atopic patients. Pollen grains and vegetative fragments were present in the nasal smears of pollinosis. The presence of fungi was observed in five cases of allergic rhinopathy. The exfoliative cytology represents a valuable means for the differential diagnosis of rhinitis. In particular, the presence of noncellular elements has value regarding rhinocytology. PMID- 3243167 TI - Piroxicam-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 3243168 TI - Phenytoin chronic toxicity and associated psychosis. PMID- 3243169 TI - Syringe infusion pump versus gravity-feed minibottle: evaluation of systems. PMID- 3243170 TI - Comment: dosing lithium. PMID- 3243171 TI - Comment: dyspnea with controlled-release morphine sulfate tablets. PMID- 3243172 TI - Comment: blind peer review of journal articles. PMID- 3243173 TI - Comment: pharmacy in India. PMID- 3243174 TI - Predicting caffeine plasma concentrations resulting from consumption of food or beverages: a simple method and its origin. AB - Multiple dosage regimens for therapeutic agents are commonly comprised of a constant dosing interval and a constant dose size. This is not true for the ingestion of a pharmacologically active agent that is a component in a dietary source. Caffeine is contained in foods and beverages that are regular components of the diet for many people. Because daily intake is unsystematic, a computer program was written to simulate caffeine plasma concentration-time courses following ingestion of variable amounts on irregular schedules. Literature values for caffeine pharmacokinetics, for the caffeine content in various foods and beverages, and for consumer habits were employed to simulate various caffeine plasma concentration-time courses. By searching for predictable traits in a wide variety of plasma concentration-time courses representing normal adults, a simple noncomputer method was developed to allow individuals to estimate caffeine plasma concentrations based on personal intake habits. Changes in the time courses due to smoking, oral contraceptive use, and liver disease, all of which alter caffeine pharmacokinetics, were also examined. PMID- 3243175 TI - Comparative human bioavailability study of macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin and two prolonged-action hydroxymethylnitrofurantoin preparations. AB - This single-blind crossover study compared the human bioavailability of macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin (Furadantine MC) and two prolonged-action hydroxymethylnitrofurantoin formulations (Urfadyn PL, bid, and Uridurine, tid), based on plasma nitrofurantoin concentrations and urinary nitrofurantoin excretion. The drugs were administered to 16 healthy females for a single day according to the recommended daily dosages. For comparison, Furadantine MC was administered both at the qid dosage recommended by the manufacturer and at tid dosage. Pharmacokinetic parameters determined were maximum plasma concentration after first dose, minimum plasma concentration after first dose, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), cumulative renal excretion over 30 hours (ARE), overall renal clearance, total body clearance, and bioavailability relative to Furadantine MC qid, based on plasma AUC (F) and ARE (Fren). F for Furadantine MC 100 mg tid was 108 +/- 25 percent (mean +/- SD); for Uridurine 100 mg tid and Urfadyn PL 100 mg bid, F equalled 86 +/- 33 percent and 53 +/- 20 percent (p less than 0.05), respectively. A similar relationship was observed between Fren for Furadantine MC 100 mg qid and the respective Fren of Furadantine MC 100 mg tid, Uridurine 100 mg tid, and Urfadyn PL 100 mg bid. No significant difference was found between the respective F and Fren of each of the drugs studied. Although bioavailability was comparable for Furadantine MC tid and qid, the single-day design of these studies precludes inferring that these dosage schedules are therapeutically equivalent. However, the significantly lower relative bioavailabilities for the prolonged-action hydroxymethylnitrofurantoin formulations suggest that Urfadyn PL 100 mg bid and Uridurine 100 mg tid are not pharmacokinetically equivalent to Furadantine MC. PMID- 3243176 TI - Evaluation of a patient-completed versus health professional-conducted medication history. AB - Medication histories are considered an essential component of clinical pharmacy practice, but they are time-consuming. A study was undertaken to determine how reliable and time-saving a patient-completed medication history form alone could prove to be compared with the amount of information recorded in the medical chart and with a pharmacist-patient form review. Within 24 hours of admission, the patient was given the form to fill out. The pharmacist returned 24 hours later and reviewed the form with the patient. Of 13 questions asked, the form was significantly superior in obtaining information to the chart in 11 and to the review in 6 (p less than 0.05 per question). The review rated better than the chart on all questions (p less than 0.05 per question). The amount of time required to hand out and review the form (mean 7.35 min) was not significantly different from the time required of a pharmacist to conduct a conventional medication history, according to the Canada Workload Measurement Study statistics. It can therefore be concluded that the patient-completed form is not an effective or time-saving method of conducting a medication history. PMID- 3243178 TI - Intravenous self-administration of elemental mercury: efficacy of dimercaprol therapy. AB - Deliberate parenteral self-injection of mercury is extremely rare, and is associated with a high degree of mortality and morbidity. Because mercury depresses cellular enzymatic mechanisms by combining with sulfhydryl groups, soluble mercuric salts are toxic to all cells. Embolization of mercury in the lungs has been reported with varying degrees of changes in pulmonary function. Mercury causes urticaria progressing to weeping dermatitis, leukopenia, anemia, diarrhea, salivation, liver damage, and renal damage progressing to acute renal failure with anuria. Dimercaprol is an effective antidote in acute heavy metal intoxication because its two sulfhydryl groups successfully compete with tissue enzyme sulfhydryl groups for the offending metal. Experience with dimercaprol therapy months after the original exposure to mercury is not available. We describe the hospital course of a patient after intravenous elemental injection and the results of dimercaprol therapy months after the original exposure. PMID- 3243177 TI - Clinically significant diuretic-induced glucose intolerance. AB - Diuretic-induced glucose intolerance is cited frequently as a problem of only limited clinical significance. In certain populations, such as Mexican-Americans, this effect may be much more dramatic. A 50-year-old obese Mexican-American woman presented with a three-month history of increased thirst and frequent urination. A fasting blood glucose concentration of 365 mg/dL prompted initiation of chlorpropamide therapy. A review of her medical history revealed that a thiazide diuretic was started six months previously. A reduction in thiazide dose and potassium supplementation together with chlorpropamide therapy controlled the patient's blood glucose. Subsequently, all three medications were discontinued, and the patient remained normoglycemic during a full year of follow-up. The temporal relationship between symptomatic diabetes and hydrochlorothiazide therapy incriminates the diuretic as the most probable cause. PMID- 3243179 TI - Famotidine-associated mental confusion in elderly patients. AB - Central nervous system effects, such as mental confusion and hallucinations, have been reported with both cimetidine and ranitidine. Elderly patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction are more susceptible to these adverse reactions. We report two cases of reversible mental confusion in elderly patients with mild renal insufficiency following intravenous famotidine therapy, possibly explained by an increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier in patients with decreased renal function. PMID- 3243180 TI - Possible interaction of ranitidine with phenytoin. AB - Clinical and animal studies have shown that cimetidine and ranitidine can inhibit hepatic cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolism of a variety of other drugs. This occurs to a lesser extent with ranitidine than with cimetidine at doses commonly used to treat gastric acid-related disorders. We recently observed a 66-year-old man whose steady-state serum phenytoin concentration increased 40 percent during one month after the addition to his regimen of ranitidine 150 mg bid. Because the ranitidine had been prescribed postsurgically for prophylaxis, it was discontinued and the patient's serum phenytoin concentration declined to the previous steady-state level with no change in dose or other drug therapy. This case indicates that the serum phenytoin concentration should be monitored for the first month after the addition of ranitidine to the regimens of patients on chronic phenytoin therapy. As well, further clinical investigation of factors affecting the interindividual inhibitory action of ranitidine is warranted. PMID- 3243181 TI - Physicians' review of significant interventions by clinical pharmacists in inpatient care. AB - Clinical pharmacists in this study hospital reported 1027 interventions in patient drug therapy over two time periods of three and two weeks each. When peer reviewed for clinical significance, 36 of these interventions were deemed significant in terms of saving patients' lives or preserving major organ functions; 983 were judged to improve drug therapy to an acceptable level based on standards of the professional literature (8 recommendations were informational i.e., not clinically significant). These 36 interventions were subjected to an independent, blind review by three practicing physicians who were given the same ranking system for clinical relevance as the one used by the peer reviewers. The physicians independently concurred with the peer reviewers on the two interventions initially ranked as 6 (lifesaving in nature). Of the interventions ranked 5 (preserving major organ functions) by the peer-review group, 53 percent were given a rank of 5 by the physicians. However, the remaining 47 percent were given a rank of 4 (upgrading patient drug therapy to the most appropriate level based on professionally accepted standards). In this era of program evaluation and justification, the process of encouraging other health professionals to review pharmacists' contribution to patient care should not be overlooked. PMID- 3243182 TI - SI units in drug therapeutics. PMID- 3243183 TI - Profile of prescription medication in a pediatric population. AB - This retrospective study describes the prescription medication profile in an outpatient pediatric population (n = 510) retrieved from a hospital pharmacy computer file. The survey covers a three-month period. The study population included 281 male and 229 female patients divided according to age into three groups: infant (age 0-12 months); children (age 1-12 years); and adolescents (age 13-18 years). Medications prescribed were classified according to their pharmacotherapeutic properties as described in the American Hospital Formulary Service Drug Information 87. The findings pointed out that three pharmacotherapeutic categories (the antiinfective/chemotherapeutic, central nervous system (CNS), and respiratory agents) constituted 78.1 percent of the 1402 prescribed medications. The most frequently prescribed agents in each of these categories were, respectively, amoxicillin, aminophylline, and acetaminophen. These agents represent recent advances in drug usage because they became most frequently used only within the past ten years. The age-dependent medication profile indicated that there was a higher prescription rate of antiinfectives and respiratory disorder agents in the younger age groups; in the adolescent group CNS agents were more often prescribed. PMID- 3243184 TI - Oral toxicology studies with xylene isomers and mixed xylenes. AB - Xylene isomers and mixed xylenes were administered to male and female Sprague Dawley rats to evaluate their effects on standard toxicological parameters which included body and organ weights, hematology, serum chemistries, urinalysis and histopathological examination. In the initial study, m, o- or p-xylene were administered in corn oil by gavage for 10 consecutive days at dose levels of 250, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day. The most noteworthy changes were increased liver weight in both sexes for all three isomers while decreases in spleen and thymus weights were seen less frequently. Rats were subsequently exposed to mixed xylenes by gavage in corn oil for 90 consecutive days at dose levels of 150, 750 and 1500 mg/kg/day. The most significant findings of the subchronic study were enlarged livers and kidneys. Histopathological evaluation of liver and kidney tissues revealed an increased incidence of minimal chronic renal disease in only female rats, while treatment related hepatic histopathological changes were not detected in either sex. PMID- 3243185 TI - Toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of phenylephrine hydrochloride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. AB - Phenylephrine HCl was incorporated into feed given to male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice in studies of 14 days, 12 weeks, and 2 years duration. In 12-week studies, body weight gains decreased with dose, and deaths of male rats and mice occurred at concentrations of 5,000 ppm and above; however, no organ-specific toxicity was evident. During 2-year studies, body weights of rats receiving diets at 620 and 1,250 ppm and mice at 1,250 and 2,500 ppm ranged up to 16% less than control. Survival of high dose male rats was substantially greater than controls. Survivals of other dose groups of rats and mice were similar to controls. Chronic focal inflammation of the liver, and inflammation of the prostate were increased in dosed rats. No increases in neoplasms were observed in rats or mice consuming diets containing phenylephrine HCl for 2 years. The incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia and pheochromocytomas of the adrenal gland were decreased in dosed male rats. Approximate time weighted average doses ranged up to 54 mg/kg/day for rats and 280 mg/kg/day for mice during the 2-year studies. PMID- 3243186 TI - Vasodilating effects of carbon monoxide. AB - The vasodilator effects of carbon monoxide (CO) were studied in an isolated perfused rat thoracic aorta preparation. Thoracic aortas from male Sprague-Dawley laboratory rats were dissected free of surrounding tissue, cannulated proximally, and tethered to in situ length. The vessels were perfused with oxygenated Krebs Henseleit (KH) solution at 37 degrees C in a constant flow system with a circumferentially-applied, pulsatile (300/min), basal "systolic" pressure of 100 mm Hg. Aortas were precontracted with high-potassium (K+) or norepinephrine (NE). Changes in perfusion pressure were indicative of changes in vascular resistance induced by the test gas mixtures. Oxygen (O2) content of the perfusate was kept constant, while CO and nitrogen (N2) were altered. CO (2.5, 5 and 10%) dilated both K+-contracted and NE-contracted aortas in a dose-dependent manner. A significant vasodilation in response to 5% CO (24.5% of maximal), but not to 5% N2, was obtained in the K+-contracted aortas. After the endothelium was removed chemically, the aortas continued to dilate in response to CO. These results suggest that CO has a direct vasorelaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle which is nonspecific and is not endothelium-dependent. PMID- 3243187 TI - In vitro effects of polyhalogenated hydrocarbons on liver mitochondria respiration and microsomal cytochrome P-450. AB - The present study evidenced the critical levels of six major polyhalogenated hydrocarbons (PHH's), namely chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1 trichloroethane, 1,2-dibromoethane,perchloroethylene, hexachlorobutadiene, over which significant inhibitory effects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain take place in vitro. At these critical levels, even in PB-induced animals only a very little fraction of cytochrome P-450 is saturated by the compounds and therefore the microsomal metabolism plays no effective role either in decreasing the levels of the test chemicals under the threshold of clear direct adverse effects in mitochondria, nor to the formation of toxic metabolites. Our data show also that phenobarbital not only enhances both the direct and metabolism-mediated interaction of most tested PHH with microsomal cytochrome P-450, but also increases the affinity of hexachlorobutadiene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride for the mitochondrial sites resulting in respiration inhibition. PMID- 3243188 TI - Bioavailability and cytochrome P-450 induction from 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P dioxin contaminated soils from Times Beach, Missouri, and Newark, New Jersey. AB - Bioavailability of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) from contaminated soils from Times Beach, Missouri and Newark, New Jersey, was examined using liver concentrations and toxicity in guinea pigs observed up to 60 days following a single oral administration, and induction of cytochrome P-450 in rats sacrificed 24 hours after a single oral dose as endpoints. Both soils are contaminated with several chlorinated dioxins and numerous other compounds. Times Beach soil resulted in greater TCDD concentration in liver and TCDD was considerably more bioavailable from Times Beach soil than from Newark soil. However, both soils induced cytochrome P-450 activity to approximately the same extent. Moreover, similar banding patterns of microsomal proteins were seen on polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels. The many other compounds present in the soils, particularly in Newark, may account for the similar protein bands and levels of cytochrome P 450 observed. PMID- 3243189 TI - Effect of feeding tall fescue seed infected with endophytic fungus (Acremonium coenophialium) on the estrous cycle in CD-1 mice. AB - The objective of this study was to assess the effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue (G1-307) seed (80% infected, by Acremonium coenophialum) on the estrous cycle in CD-1 mice. Twelve 60-day-old CD-1 female mice were randomly allocated to one of two dietary treatments containing 50% laboratory chow and (1) 50% endophyte-free (noninfected) fescue seed; (2) 50% endophyte-infected fescue seed. All mice were fed ad libitum. On day 35 of the study all mice were allowed access to a diet containing 100% laboratory chow for 7 days. Vaginal smears of each female were prepared daily throughout the 42 day trial period. All vaginal smears were stained and evaluated to determine phase of the estrous cycle. The days (+/- SE) to the first abnormal occurrence in the estrous cycle for treatments one and two were 27.0 +/- 5.6 and 16.7 +/- 5.2, respectively. The percent abnormal cycles of the total cycles observed between treatments one and two were 20.5 +/- 6.1 and 39.3 +/- 12.5, respectively. Mice on treatment two exhibited a greater frequency of abnormal sequences of the phases of the estrous cycle and greater cycle length (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that the infected fescue seed had a significant effect on the estrous cycle of the mouse (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3243190 TI - [The "immunologic portrait" and tumorigenicity of neoplastic cells induced in mice by 3-methylcholanthrene]. AB - Immunogenicity of 11 3-methylcholanthrene-induced tumours has been tested in vitro, which was a necessary step in constructing a complex characteristic of cell resistance to the host immune reactions. Such a complex estimate is shown to be useful for predicting the extreme tumourigenicity variants in vivo. PMID- 3243191 TI - [Testosterone stimulation of the growth of a human osteogenic sarcoma strain transplanted into athymic rats]. AB - Intraperitoneal testosterone administration stimulated the growth of subcutaneously transplanted cell line of human osteogenic sarcoma in nude rats but did not provoke tumour metastasizing to other organs and tissues. The specific connection of androgens with receptor proteins in the cytosol fraction was not found in the studied osteogenic sarcomas, whereas cytoplasmic estrogen receptors were revealed in all tumours. It is supposed that the mechanism of the stimulating effect of androgens on the tumour growth is mediated through other biologic systems being not related to androgen receptors. PMID- 3243192 TI - [Growth characteristics of adenocarcinoma 755 recurrences in C57Bl/6 and (DBA/2 X C57Bl/6) F1 mouse strains]. AB - Peculiarities of growth and recurrences of the adenocarcinoma 755 are studied in C57Bl/6 mice and hybrids (DBA/2 X +C57Bl/6)F1 after chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). The growth rate of tumours was practically identical in the both mice strains. Growth rate of recurrences was slower in examined lines than in corresponding tumours. The obtained results showed that the antitumour effect of the drugs, in particularly of 6-MP, and the growth rate of the first and that of the second recurrences clearly depended on the tumour host strain. PMID- 3243193 TI - [Ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content in human adenocarcinomas of the stomach and large intestine]. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine content were studied in the intact mucosa and tumours of human stomach and large intestine adenocarcinomas. ODC activity has been found to be much higher in the neoplastic tissue than in the corresponding intact mucosa. Concentrations of polyamines in neoplasms were also higher than in mucosa. Interrelation was found between ODC activity polyamine content and degree of differentiation of the tumour cells in rectal adenocarcinomas. PMID- 3243194 TI - [Proliferative activity of normal, transformed and tumor cells in in vitro contact with Syrian hamster neutrophils]. AB - The effect of casein-induced peritoneal neutrophils (Nph) of Syrian hamsters on the proliferative activity of normal, embryonal, transformed, and tumour cells was determined by their ability to inhibit or to stimulate 3H-thymidine incorporation in the replicating target cells. The enhanced proliferation of normal embryonal cells (HE) of hamsters was observed after their in vitro contact with Nph, in contrast to the cells of SFHE (spontaneously transformed in vitro HE cells of low tumourigenicity) which were highly susceptible to cytostatic activity of Nph. The high-tumourigenic cells of Syrian hamster tumour strains in vivo or in vitro transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) were highly resistant to cytostatic activity of Nph. PMID- 3243196 TI - [In vitro 3H-vincristine accumulation as a possible marker of the sensitivity of animal and human leukemic cells to the preparation]. AB - The uptake of 3H-vincristine into the leukemic cells of animals and blast cells of peripheral blood of patients with leukemia has been studied. The capacity of cells to accumulate the drug is found to be of significant value for their sensitivity to vincristine. The in vitro low-alkaloid accumulation (less than 18 pmol/mg protein) by cells is an unfavourable prognostic sign for vincristine chemotherapy. PMID- 3243195 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the antitumor, cytogenetic and immunodepressive effects of dimetinur when used perorally and parenterally]. AB - The dimethylnitrosourea action after oral and parenteral administration was comparatively evaluated on the basis of criteria for the antitumour and cytogenetic activity, as well as for the immune (T-cell) reactivity of tumour bearing and intact animals. A considerable antitumour effect and the induction of the overload chromosomal aberrations in tumour cells with the complete preservation of bone marrow cells were observed during the oral drug application. Dimethyl nitrosourea-induced T-cell depression in murine spleen was transitory and reversible. Thus the oral administration of the drug was shown to be optimal for realization of its therapeutical activity with the least toxic side effect on the host normal hemopoietic and immunocompetent cells. PMID- 3243197 TI - [Experimental research on the antitumor effectiveness of Bac. intermedius RNAse]. AB - Identity of the mechanism of antitumour effectiveness of Bac. intermedius and pancreatic RNase and the enzyme independence of the catalytical activity are shown. Differential sensitivity of the implanted tumours of animals to RNase of Bac. intermedius is established. PMID- 3243198 TI - [Anticarcinogenic and antitumor properties of selenium-containing phenol derivatives]. AB - Certain derivatives of phenolselenonic acid, namely ammonium, calcium, potassium, and sodium 3-acetoxy-4-methoxybenzolselenonates as well as the corresponding derivatives of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzolselenonic acid were studied. These compounds were tested for anticarcinogenic activity against urethane-induced pulmonary adenomas and for antitumoral activity against some transplanted tumours such as leukemia L 1210, mammary adenocarcinoma Ca 755 and Walker carcinosarcoma 256. These compounds were found to produce more intensive anticarcinogenic action than antitumoral one. The results showed that ammonium 3-acetoxy-4 methoxybenzolselenonate given before the injection of urethane or together with urethane exert a significant influence on adenomas, while calcium 3-hydroxy-4 methoxybenzolselenonate inhibited the formation of adenomas at various stages of their development. PMID- 3243199 TI - [A method for inducing gallbladder cancer in Syrian hamsters]. AB - The 8-10 weeks male Syrian hamsters were inserted beeswax pellets into the gallbladder, the pellets contained 5 mg of 3-methylcholanthrene (group IV). In control groups the animals were inserted intravesical beeswax pellets or subjected to a sham-operation (group I, II, III). The experiment lasted for 34 weeks, the first tumours were obtained 21 weeks after the operation. The tumours of gallbladder were obtained in group IV in 23 of 42 animals which lived for more than a month (54.2%). The first results of the experiment allow estimating positively the method, which permits due to the exact performance of the described details obtaining a number of tumours sufficient for studying the tumours of the gallbladder in a comparatively short period. PMID- 3243201 TI - Detection of compounds in serum inhibiting insulin binding to erythrocyte receptors. AB - The erythrocytes were used as a model system to study insulin receptors in diabetic patients with highly increased insulin resistance. The specific binding of 125I-insulin to erythrocytes of these patients was markedly reduced. When erythrocytes prepared from non-diabetic subjects were exposed to serum of these patients, the decrease of insulin binding was reproduced. The binding of insulin showed a displacement curve that is parallel to the control values over the same range of hormone concentration, even in the case when control erythrocytes were preincubated with serum of diabetics with increased insulin resistance. These results indicate the presence of certain component in blood plasma of examined patients which alters insulin binding to receptors. The developed assay provides an efficient method for detection and identification of substances presented in the serum which can influence the binding of insulin to the specific sites as well as its biological effects. PMID- 3243200 TI - [Ecologic aspects of the circulation of carcinogenic PAH and heavy metals in the geochemical landscapes of the Ural River basin]. AB - The ecological aspects of the environmental technogenic transformation should be primarily studied with respect to the problem of preventive measures against the carcinogenic action in particular. It is found that in the northern part of the Ural River basin (Chelyabinsk and Orenburg Provinces) the pattern and extent of technogenic load depend on the function of metallurgical works; the surrounding landscapes receive large amounts of scattered metals, especially of Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Mn, etc. The technical geochemical peculiarities of the environment in the southern part of the Ural basin (Uralsk and Guryev Provinces) are due to the oil production, transportation and refinement. The high rate of correlate with the content of heavy metals, whereas the rate of esophageal cancer correlates with the quantity of carcinogenic PAH contained in the landscape components. PMID- 3243202 TI - Binding parameters of rat liver nuclear receptors for T3 after partial hepatectomy or bilateral adrenalectomy and serum T4 and T3 levels. AB - Nuclear receptor affinity (Ka) and maximal binding capacity (MBC) for 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) in rat liver was estimated at 1, 12, 24, 48 and 120 hours after partial hepatectomy and 1, 24, 30, 40 and 120 hours after bilateral adrenalectomy and related to serum T4, T3 levels. Soluble T3 receptor fraction was prepared from purified rat liver nuclei and the values of Ka and MBC were calculated by Scatchard plot analysis from the saturation curves. As compared to sham operated rats a significant diminution in MBC for T3 (P less than 0.05) in the remaining about one third of liver tissue at 12, 24 and 48 hours after partial hepatectomy was observed. The thyroxine (T4) level in serum was diminished (with P ranging from less than 0.001 to less than 0.01) at 12, 24 and 48 hours after partial hepatectomy, while no changes in T3 serum level were found at all indicated time intervals. In contrast, no changes in Ka or MBC for T3 in rat liver nuclear receptor as well as in serum T4 and T3 levels were demonstrated 1, 24, 30, 40 and 120 hours after adrenalectomy. The data reflect an appreciable relation between nuclear receptor occupancy for T3 and serum T4 level after partial hepatectomy, serum T3 level and Ka for T3 of nuclear receptor remaining unchanged. PMID- 3243203 TI - Effect of acute cold exposure and insulin hypoglycemia on plasma thyrotropin levels by IRMA in healthy young males. AB - Thyrotropin (TSH) levels in plasma were estimated with the aid of immunoradiometric assay in two groups of healthy male subjects aged 21-22 years in two experiments: 1. acute (30 min) exposure to 4 degrees C in a cold room; 2. insulin (0.01 U per kg i.v.) hypoglycemia at room temperature and at 55 degrees C. Immediately after cold exposure a decrease of TSH level was found (P less than 0.01), while no changes were observed during 30 min exposure. After insulin injection a significant decrease (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.001) of TSH level was found at 45 to 120 min irrespectively of the ambient temperature. In addition, increased levels of noradrenaline and decreased levels of growth hormone after cold exposure are presented. PMID- 3243204 TI - Different pattern of prolactin release under various acute stress stimuli in rats. PMID- 3243205 TI - Diminished growth hormone secretion in blind males after L-dopa stimulation. AB - Growth hormone secretion after L-dopa administration (1000 mg p.o.) was investigated in young adult normal and blind volunteers. The average increment of plasma growth hormone after L-dopa stimulation in the blind was below the criterion for a positive response (less than 5 ng ml-1). The control volunteers showed normal response. After L-dopa stimulation there was a significantly diminished growth hormone response in the young adult blind compared to control volunteers. PMID- 3243206 TI - Effect of enkephalin analogues Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Cys(Et) and Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe Cys(Bu) on prolactin and growth hormone release in rats. AB - The effect of natural Met-enkephalin and its analogues Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Cys(Et) (I) and Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Cys(Bu) (II) on serum rat prolactin and rat growth hormone levels in male rats has been studied. Met-enkephalin and both analogues increased serum growth hormone and prolactin concentration, analogue I being the most potent. Enkephalin analogue I, with isosteric isomer of methionine in Met enkephalin, and analogue II with butyl residue showed a lower stimulatory effect than natural Met-enkephalin. Stimulatory effect of analogues I and II on prolactin and growth hormone release was found to be reversed by a simultaneous treatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone. PMID- 3243207 TI - Vasopressin content of cerebrospinal fluid and fluid perfusing cerebral ventricles after the stimulation of preganglionic fibres of superior cervical ganglia in rats. AB - The subject of the study was the determination of the content of vasopressin (AVP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and of the release of this neurohormone into the fluid perfusing the cerebral ventricles. The content of AVP in CSF taken from the cerebellomedullary cistern of rats under urethane anesthesia was 27 +/- 2.97 pg/ml. AVP was released into the fluid perfusing the cerebral ventricles at the rate of 6.83 +/- 0.7 pg/ml per 30 min. Electric stimulation of preganglionic fibres to the superior cervical ganglia did not cause any alterations in AVP release into the fluid perfusing the cerebral ventricles, which evidences lack of effect of the sympathetic system on the release of this neurohormone into the cerebral ventricles. PMID- 3243208 TI - Steroid-protein adduct in the lens of chicken embryo following application of prednisolone esters. AB - Protein--prednisolone adducts were detected by semiquantitative radioimmunoassay in both water- and urea soluble fractions of homogenates from lenses of chicken embryos, given systemically single doses (100 microliters each) of four prednisolone esters. The findings were correlated with macroscopic changes of lens transparency. The highest concentrations of protein-associated immunoreactive material were found after prednisolone sulphate application, associated with the most apparent loss of transparency. PMID- 3243209 TI - Twenty-four hour pattern of lutropin and progesterone pulsatile secretion base line in postpartum dairy cows. AB - Twenty-four hour patterns of lutropin and progesterone pulsatile secretion base line were studied in six postpartum dairy cows. The base line of lutropin showed three peaks within 24 hours. The base line of progesterone showed two peaks which coincided in the time with the nadirs of lutropin base line. These peaks show up clearly irrespective of the stage of puerperium. PMID- 3243211 TI - [Clinical evaluation of irradiation of normal thyroid tissue during the treatment of "hot" hyperactive thyroid nodules with I-131]. PMID- 3243210 TI - Stressfree administration of drugs by intraperitoneal cannulation in small laboratory animals. AB - A simple technique of chronic intraperitoneal cannulation in small laboratory animals has been described. It can be used for repeated i.p. administration of drugs without causing any remarkable disturbance to the animal as demonstrated by significantly less increase of corticosterone level compared to usual i.p. injection procedure. A simple device for producing a fixative ring on the cannula in order to hold the cannula in the proper place is described as well. PMID- 3243212 TI - [Serum levels of triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyrotropin in children with epilepsy treated with amizepine, luminal and mizodine in a monotherapy system. Preliminary report]. PMID- 3243213 TI - [Determining blood serum level of free thyroxine based on charcoal uptake of I 131-thyroxine]. PMID- 3243214 TI - Growth hormone response to a low dose dopamine infusion in type I diabetics. PMID- 3243216 TI - Arterial hypertension: proceedings of the Fifth Joint USA-USSR Symposium on Hypertension Research. March 23-24, 1987, Easton, Maryland. PMID- 3243215 TI - [Changes in selected parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, the metacarpal index and results of the calcitonic test in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1]. PMID- 3243217 TI - Extracorporeal methods in the management of severe and malignant arterial hypertension. AB - Novel approaches to managing refractory arterial hypertension (AH) have been tested in 130 patients aged 28 to 59 years with severe or malignant hypertension. Hemosorption was performed in 70 patients in whom AH was caused by chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis (49 cases) or chronic pyelonephritis (21 cases) accompanied by the appearance of chronic renal failure. In all patients, blood pressure after hemosorption decreased by 15% to 16% on the average, resulting in progressively improved renal function and a nearly 2.0-fold reduction in plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), and allowing the doses of antihypertensive drugs to be reduced. Plasmapheresis was performed in 31 patients with refractory severe or malignant AH due to essential hypertension or parenchymatous diseases of the kidneys. After two to four plasmapheresis sessions with up to 2 L of plasma exchanged, blood pressure dropped by 24% compared to baseline while the doses of antihypertensive drugs were diminished and some were discontinued completely in several cases. Analysis of the sensitivity to antihypertensive drugs after plasmapheresis using the rosette technique revealed a significant decrease in the number of rosette-forming cells. The level of angiotensin II and urinary excretion of aldosterone-18-glucuronide declined progressively by nearly 50% after plasmapheresis, correlating with the antihypertensive effect of plasmapheresis. In 32 patients with severe AH complicated by refractory cardiac failure, isolated ultrafiltration was used. After one to eight sessions and the removal of 1.0 L to 35.8 L of fluid, the signs of cardiac failure diminished, the blood pressure level responded to drug therapy, and the PAC level decreased significantly. Although the mechanisms of the antihypertensive actions of hemosorption, plasmapheresis, and isolated ultracentrifugation are still not completely elucidated, these data suggest that hemosorption may act by removing nitrogenous residues from the body and reducing PAC, plasmapheresis by deblocking receptors for antihypertensive drugs and reducing the concentration of angiotensin II and the synthesis of aldosterone in the body, and isolated ultrafiltration by eliminating hyperhydration and edema of the parenchymatous organs. PMID- 3243219 TI - Psychophysiological interrelations and reactivity characteristics in hypertensives. AB - Two hundred three patients with essential hypertension (20- to 55-year-old men) were examined initially and at the end of a 1-year follow-up. Clinical, psychological, and psychophysiological methods were used. In the psychophysiological assessment, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded at rest and during various emotional stressors. Patients who exhibited a greater increase in blood pressure during psychological stress, in addition to an inherited predisposition to essential hypertension, had higher levels of assertiveness and interpersonal conflict. The differences in cardiovascular response to various emotional stressors depended on the psychological features of the hypertensive patients. An SBP increase during the performance of mental arithmetic correlated with anxiety level, whereas a DBP increase was associated with assertiveness. Changes in SBP and DBP during a stressful computer game correlated with the level of competitiveness and conflict. Hypertensive patients who exhibited an increase in blood pressure during the follow-up were characterized initially by a greater DBP increase during emotional stress and a longer recovery period. PMID- 3243218 TI - Blood pressure stability of normotensives and mild hypertensives in different settings. AB - Generalizability theory was used to examine the stability of blood pressure (BP) measurement in normotensives and mild hypertensives. Three to six readings at home or at work provided adequate reliability for the same day in each setting. Under structured laboratory conditions, two to three BP measures taken on each of 2 to 3 days for systolic and diastolic BP provided conservative estimates that were generalizable across days. Finally, generalizations across settings called for five or more measurements taken in at least two settings. PMID- 3243220 TI - Eight-year follow-up results: age-specific blood pressure changes in 12- to 13 year-old children in Moscow. AB - An 8-year follow-up study of a representative sample of children with elevated and normal blood pressures (BPs) was conducted within the framework of cooperation under the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. This study demonstrated the tracking phenomenon for systolic blood pressure for both boys and girls but no such phenomenon for diastolic blood pressure. Tracking was also observed for body mass. Using criteria for elevated BP developed under the cooperative study, we observed that the prevalence of elevated BP was higher for boys than girls. By ages 18 to 20 years, 16.7% of the boys had BP greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, but only 0.8% of the girls had reached this level. There were no statistically significant relationships between BP level, smoking, and physical activity. Increases in the prevalence of smoking and declines in the level of physical activity were observed with an increase in age. PMID- 3243221 TI - Hypertension prevention through nutrition education in youth: a school-based program involving parents. AB - One approach to the prevention of high blood pressure may be the reduction of sodium intake early in life. To test the effect of nutrition education for salt use in third-grade students (ages 7 to 9), three teaching programs involving a classroom curriculum, a home-based curriculum, or the combination were compared to a control group. Thirty-one schools with 1,839 students were included. Measurements were made at the beginning and end of the school year. Participation rates exceeded 90% for school-based programs and 80% for those at home. Knowledge about salt increased significantly, with the classroom program showing the largest gains. However, reported salting behavior and sodium measured by 24-hr recall and overnight urines failed to show consistent and significant differences between treatments. Further analysis suggested that most ingested salt was hidden in processed foods with only a small fraction added in cooking or at meals (less than 7%). If sodium intake is to be reduced significantly in healthy children, more attention must be paid to hidden sources, particularly processed foods. PMID- 3243223 TI - The National High Blood Pressure Education Program: measuring progress and assessing its impact. AB - The National High Blood Pressure Education Program has been designed to translate the results of basic and clinical research to medical practice through a program of education for the public, patients, and health professionals. It has continuously used health-education principals of media development, patient education, social networking, community organizations, theories of social change, and program evaluation and measurement to reach its objectives. After 15 years, public knowledge regarding blood pressure and its sequelae has improved dramatically. PMID- 3243222 TI - Prevention of atherosclerosis among 11-year-old schoolchildren in two Moscow administrative districts. AB - A total of 4,213 boys and girls 11 years of age were screened in two Moscow administrative districts. Preventive measures were conducted in one district and were directed at excess body mass, systolic blood pressure, blood lipids (only among boys), cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity. A reference group of peers, who did not receive advice on prevention, was selected from another district. The intervention was targeted to three groups--schoolchildren, their parents, and teaching staff. It included round-table discussions, lectures, and the distribution of health-education materials relating to dietary habits and smoking. Over a 3-year period, these measures resulted in nonsignificant decline in the age-specific increase in body mass compared to the reference group. The intervention group had smaller subscapular skinfold thickness measurements than the reference group. These differences were significant. Mean systolic blood pressure increased with age in both groups. The increase was less in the intervention group than in the reference group and affected boys less than girls. A significant decrease in lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) was observed in the intervention district. We conclude that additional study is needed to evaluate more precisely the effectiveness of such prevention efforts. PMID- 3243224 TI - Current status and prospects for arterial hypertension research in the Soviet Union. AB - Research on arterial hypertension is being conducted in the Soviet Union under a program organized by the National Cardiology Research Center. Four program directions are included: (a) basic research on the pathophysiologic mechanisms in the development of hypertension, including vascular wall viscosity and elasticity, associated regulatory mechanisms, and molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular tone; (b) clinical research on the pathophysiology of hypertension and the mechanisms responsible for the course and prognosis of the disease, including biobehavioral and psychological aspects and the effects of sodium kinetics and a sodium-limiting diet; (c) approaches to treatment, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic; and (d) population studies of children, adolescents, and adults. PMID- 3243226 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis. Vienna, November 8-11, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3243225 TI - Platelets as a model for studying the action of antihypertensive drugs. AB - The action of different antihypertensive drugs on Ca2+ concentration in human platelets was studied under in vitro conditions and during the treatment of hypertensive persons. Several calcium antagonists (verapamil, nifedipine, and nicardipine) acted to block an increase of Ca2+ concentration in platelets which was induced by platelet activating factor (PAF), adenosine diphosphate, and U46619, the stable analog of thromboxane A2. All calcium antagonists suppressed dose-dependent calcium responses induced by each agonist. In a group of stable hypertensive patients, the basal Ca+ level in platelets was significantly higher than the level in mildly hypertensive or normotensive individuals. The induced increase in Ca2+ in the platelets of stable hypertensive patients was also higher, but this difference was not significant. Treatment of hypertensive patients with nifedipine for 3 weeks led to a decrease in calcium responses induced by all activators, but this decrease was significant only when PAF was used for platelet stimulation. Nifedipine added to platelets induced a nearly identical decrease in PAF-dependent calcium responses before and after therapy. Treatment with nifedipine in combination with furosemide and propranolol led to a more significant decrease in calcium responses than that expressed with monotherapy. In vitro experiments showed that furosemide has a calcium-blocking action on platelets, but that it is less expressed than the action of calcium antagonists. Low doses of propranolol did not influence calcium platelet responses, but high doses potentiated them slightly. A significant correlation was found between the percentage change in mean arterial pressure and in the PAF induced responses with either monotherapy or combination drug therapy. Measurement of calcium responses before and after intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E2 showed that this procedure leads to a decrease in calcium responses that lasts for several days. The data suggest that platelets may be used as a model for investigating the action of drugs that influence calcium exchange when these drugs are administered chronically. PMID- 3243227 TI - Electric field gradients and band sharpening in DNA gel electrophoresis. AB - A mathematical study of the effect of non-uniform electric fields on the width of DNA electrophoretic bands is presented. Using a simple model, we show that field gradients sharpen these bands during an experiment if the corresponding gradient of electrophoretic velocity is large enough. This is in agreement with experimental results indicating that narrower bands form when pulsed field electrophoresis is carried out in the presence of field gradients. Moreover, it is shown that there is in fact an optimal experimental duration that maximizes separation. Finally, gradients are also predicted to reduce the relative mobilities of the DNA fragments, which is a serious drawback of this technique. PMID- 3243228 TI - Isoelectric focusing of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) in immobilized pH gradients with 8M urea: detection of its desialylated variants using an alkaline phosphatase-linked secondary antibody system. AB - A method allowing a clear separation of the different variants of desialylated alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) has been developed using isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients, supplemented with 8 M urea and 2% v/v 2 mercaptoethanol. Immunoblotting with two antibody-steps afforded high sensitivity and permitted the detection of about 700 pg of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in a 20 microL plasma sample diluted 1:28 672. A one year old bloodstrain, kept at room temperature, could easily be phenotyped. PMID- 3243229 TI - Immunochemical detection of peptides and proteins on press-blots after direct tissue gel isoelectric focusing. AB - A sensitive method is described for the detection of tissue peptides and proteins. They are separated by tissue isoelectric focusing using thin large-pore polyacrylamide gels, containing detergent and dimethylformamide, and are fixed with either glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde in gelatin-coated nitrocellulose membranes using press-blotting. The fixed peptide and protein antigens are visualized by immunoperoxidase staining. The spectrum of fixed tissue constituents may also be used to test antiserum reactivity and specificity in immunocytochemical staining procedures. Isoelectric focusing of 2 microL homogenates of the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary allowed the immunodetection of peptides and proteins of various sizes and the determination of isoelectric points. However, direct application onto gels of small pieces of frozen tissue sections, sliced in a cryostat, appeared to be more efficient. By direct tissue isoelectric focusing of brain tissue, peptides were effectively eluted and separated from sections up to 100 microns thickness. This allowed the detection of small peptides with a detection limit of approximately 10 pg/section. PMID- 3243230 TI - Blotting from PhastGel media after horizontal sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - An improved procedure, "thermoblotting", is described for transferring proteins by diffusion from PhastGel Gradient media to an immobilizing matrix after horizontal sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After electrophoresis the gels were left on the separation bed of PhastSystem, the blotting matrix was applied and a transfer temperature was selected between 5-70 degrees C. An experimental series at fixed diffusion times showed that the transfer yield was significantly increased with temperature. The evaluation was done visually after staining of the blots with colloidal gold. An evaluation study comparing nitrocellulose, nylon, and polyvinylidenedifluoride of different pore sizes is also reported. Finally, the transfer efficiencies for 125I-labelled bovine serum albumin and soybean trypsin inhibitor were estimated using four different blotting procedures: two diffusion blotting techniques and two electrophoretic blotting techniques (tank vs. semi-dry). PMID- 3243231 TI - Genetic polymorphism of a lymphocyte protein (p75) with six different alleles studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis: qualitative and quantitative data. AB - The genetic polymorphism of a human lymphocyte protein (p75) was studied by two dimensional electrophoresis within 17 families and, in addition, 22 unrelated individuals from Southern Germany, resulting in a total of approximately 100 individuals. The cytosolic and membrane proteins from cell lysates of phytohemagglutinin stimulated and [3H]leucine labeled lymphocytes were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The p75 protein with an approximate molecular weight of 75,000 occurred in six variants with slightly different isoelectric points and/or apparent molecular weights. Three common variants (a, b, and c) and three rare variants (d, e and f) could be distinguished. Among the approximately 100 individuals studied we observed 15 different phenotypes, three homozygous (p75-a, -b, -c) and 12 heterozygous (p75-ab, -ac, -bc, -ad, -ae, -be, -bf, -cd, ce, -cf, -de, -df) phenotypes. The genetics of the p75 protein variations was ascertained by family studies and quantitative computer analysis. We were able to show a Mendelian mode of inheritance of the variants within the families and a gene-dosage dependence of the protein spots in homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes. The data allowed us to assume a polymorphic protein p75 determined by six alleles on a autosomal gene locus. The allele frequencies were calculated from the phenotype distribution within 56 unrelated individuals. The gene frequencies of the three common alleles ranged between 0.38 and 0.22 and the gene frequencies of the three rare alleles ranged between 0.01 and 0.07. PMID- 3243233 TI - Determination of molecular weight of native proteins by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. AB - An improved method for the estimation of molecular weights of native proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in 9 cm x 9 cm x 0.05 mm 4-20% T fabric reinforced gradient gels, is described. Plotting the logarithm of the relative mobilities of proteins versus gel concentrations produces lines whose slopes are related to molecular weights. PMID- 3243232 TI - The use of a bivalent counter anion to control the effective mobility of the hydrogen ion constituent in cationic isotachophoresis. AB - The use of a bivalent counter anion for cationic isotachophoresis was studied both theoretically and experimentally. A mathematical model was proposed and solved to give the effective mobility of the hydrogen ion constituent, uH,H, in the respective electrolyte systems. The theoretical values agreed well with the experimental data in a series of electrolyte systems. The dependence of uH,H on such parameters as pH of the leading electrolyte, ionic mobilities of leading and counter ions, and dissociation constants was calculated and discussed. A bivalent counter anion will prove useful for the separation of low mobility cations and weak bases, as shown for the separation of substituted anilines in a succinate electrolyte system. PMID- 3243234 TI - Electrophoretic heterogeneity of maize histones. AB - Histones from maize embryos and seedlings have been isolated using a fast extraction procedure. Three different electrophoretic systems have been applied for the study of the heterogeneity of maize core histones. Electrophoresis in acetic acid/urea polyacrylamide gels, containing high concentrations of urea, resulted in optimum fractionation of the core histones and especially of histone H4. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing polyacrylamide gels were not useful for the fractionation of maize histone classes H2a and H2b, nor for the various subfractions of H3 and H4. Gels containing Triton X-100, used for the dimension in two-dimensional electrophoresis proved to be efficient for the separation of all histone classes, as well as their structural variants and chemical modifications. Maize core histones have been oxidized in an attempt to define which of the Triton X-100 resolved subfractions represent oxidation forms. PMID- 3243235 TI - High resolution of human lactate dehydrogenase: new multiple forms and potential tumor markers. AB - Human lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was investigated by ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (IEF). In serum, approximately 15 bands and in lyzates of erythrocytes approximately 20 bands were detected. Known LDH isoenzymes (identified by markers) appeared in the zymograms as follows: LDH-1 as a single or double band, LDH-2 as a single band in serum and in the marker, and as a double band in hemolyzate, LDH-3 as a double band, and LDH-4 and LDH-5 each as a single band. LDH-1 was partly inactivated, probably due to deamidation in the acidic range of the pH gradient. Potential LDH tumor markers were detected in different tumor cytosols. PMID- 3243236 TI - GESA--a two-dimensional processing system using knowledge base techniques. AB - The successful analysis of two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels demands considerable experience and understanding of the protein system under investigation as well as knowledge of the separation technique itself. The present work concerns the development of a computer system for analysing 2-D electrophoretic separations which incorporates concepts derived from artificial intelligence research such that non-experts can use the technique as a diagnostic or identification tool. Automatic analysis of 2-D gel separations has proved to be extremely difficult using statistical methods. Non-reproducibility of gel separations is also difficult to overcome using automatic systems. However, the human eye is extremely good at recognising patterns in images, and human intervention in semi-automatic computer systems can reduce the computational complexities of fully automatic systems. Moreover, the expertise and understanding of an "expert" is invaluable in reducing system complexity if it can be encapsulated satisfactorily in an expert system. The combination of user intervention in the computer system together with the encapsulation of expert knowledge characterises the present system. The domain within which the system has been developed is that of wheat grain storage proteins (gliadins) which exhibit polymorphism to such an extent that cultivars can be uniquely identified by their gliadin patterns. The system can be adapted to other domains where a range of polymorpic protein sub-units exist. In its generalised form, the system can also be used for comparing more complex 2-D gel electrophoretic separations. PMID- 3243237 TI - Identification of mouse brain proteins after two-dimensional electrophoresis and electroblotting by microsequence analysis and amino acid composition analysis. AB - Two-dimensional electrophoretic separation and immobilization of proteins onto inert membranes for subsequent amino acid sequence and amino acid composition analysis is described as a rapid procedure for the identification or characterization of proteins from complex mixtures. This method avoids the drawbacks of classical purification and isolation methods which involve time consuming operations with low resolution and, often, insufficient yields. Excellent overall yields of minor amounts (in the low microgram range) using this method allow for sequence determination of yet inaccessible proteins. Solubilized cell proteins of mouse brain were separated by high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis and electroblotted onto a siliconized glass fiber membrane. The immobilized proteins were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250, and twelve proteins spots were then submitted to both Edman degradation and amino acid analysis. Proteins were identified by comparison of the experimentally determined amino acid composition with a dataset derived from the Protein Identification Resource (PIR) protein sequence database. Eight out of twelve proteins tested were identified by amino acid analysis and confirmed by N-terminal sequence determination. PMID- 3243238 TI - Determination of oxalate in human serum by multicolumn isotachophoresis. AB - The practical usefulness of multicolumn isotachophoresis was demonstrated by the determination of oxalate levels in human serum. 10 mmol/L HCl and 100 mmol/L Na2HPO4 served as the leading and terminating electrolyte, respectively. For the stabilization of the isotachophoretic zones in large cross section channels a suspension of Bio-Gel P-300 in the leading electrolyte was used. For the analysis ca. 1 mL of fresh serum was required and 1.2 mL of 1:1 mixture of serum and the suspension of Bio-Gel P-300 in deionized water was applied as sample. The time of analysis ranged between 45-49 min. The detection limit of analysis was determined to be 50 nmol/L. Reproducibility of analysis of 1 mumol/L oxalate in water standard was found to be 2.6% (n = 6). PMID- 3243239 TI - Significant immunological cross-reactivity of plant glycoproteins. AB - Plant glycoproteins generally cross-react because of the presence of identical or related complex glycans which are highly immunogenic. The use of mild periodate oxidation of glycans after glycoprotein transfer from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels to nitrocellulose membranes prior to immunodetection is a way of identifying the carbohydrate antigenic determinants of a glycoprotein as the basis for antigenic cross-reaction. Periodate oxidation can distinguish between antibodies directed against carbohydrate and against peptide antigenic determinants, the latter being unaffected by oxidation. Immunoblotting performed after periodate treatment allows the detection of common protein epitopes. PMID- 3243241 TI - Paper symposium: immobilized pH gradients. PMID- 3243240 TI - Improvement of electrophoretic transfer by casting acrylamide gels on a cellophane sheet. AB - Electrophoretic transfer of protein after isolectric focusing using a polyacrylamide gel of less than 0.5 mm is difficult if the gel is backed to an electrically nonconductive casting support, such as glass plate or plastic films. By casting the gel on a cellophane sheet, it is not necessary to remove the gel from the support prior to electrophoretic transfer. The use of a cellophane support does not alter the quality of the final pattern. PMID- 3243242 TI - Moving and stationary boundaries in immobilized pH gradients. AB - The relations describing the concentration changes at moving boundaries in a medium containing bound, buffering group are derived for a system which, except for hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, contains one anionic and one cationic mobile constituent. The relations found have been used to calculate concentrations and conductivities in zones developing in immobilized pH gradients. Assumptions used in the calculations as well as conductivity ratios between zones have been experimentally controlled and were found to reasonably agree with expectations. It is also shown how difference in transference numbers between sample droplet and gel will cause concentration and pH changes at the gel-sample droplet interfaces and it is explained how these changes are related to ionic concentrations in the gel. The high concentration zone generated at one of the interfaces will be transported into the gel. This transport has been numerically simulated and experimentally verified. The low concentration generated at the opposite interface will cause titration impeding sample entrance in the gel through this interface even when the gel contains ions other than H+ or OH- transported towards the interface. The described phenomena explain the dependence of lateral spreading, precipitation at the application site as well as streaking and smearing along sample lanes, on the type and concentration of low molecular weight ions originally present in the gel. PMID- 3243243 TI - The adsorption of large proteins in electrofocusing on immobilized pH gradients: I. Protein specificity and dependence on Immobiline and carrier ampholyte concentrations. AB - Phycoerythrin, ferritin, urease, beta-galactosidase and thyroglobulin, with molecular masses in excess of 200 kDa, adsorb and consequently fail to migrate to, and focus at, their pI positions in electrofocusing in immobilized pH gradients at a total Immobiline concentration of 20 mM while they do focus normally in pH gradients formed by carrier ampholytes. The addition of carrier ampholytes (pH range 3.5-9.5) at concentrations of 0.1 to 5% to the Immobiline containing gels reduces adsorption (desorbs) some but not all of the 5 proteins at specific Immobiline concentrations. The adsorption is not due to water redistribution and consequent reduction in gel porosity; nor is it due to conductivity minima across the pH gradient. The hypothesis that the presence of oligomeric Immobiline contributed to the protein adsorption is the subject of the accompanying report. PMID- 3243244 TI - The adsorption of large proteins in electrofocusing on immobilized pH gradients: II. Dependence on the oligomeric state of Immobiline. AB - Five proteins with molecular mass in excess of 200 kDa were found to adsorb onto gels during isoelectric focusing on immobilized pH gradients (IPGEF). To probe for the mechanism of that adsorption, the homogeneity of the six Immobiline preparations used to make IPGEF gels was tested. Five of these Immobiline preparations appear homogeneous in gel filtration of Sephadex G-10. The sixth Immobiline (pK 9.3) exhibits a minor component eluting ahead of the major peak and comprising less than 4% of the total Immobiline absorbing at 226 nm. The proportion of the minor component increases with column load. Major and minor components when isolated appear to equilibrate with one another. Judging by the results of mass spectrometry, all 6 preparations are free of small aggregates of less than 500-600 Da molecular mass. Ultrafiltration of the Immobiline preparations through a membrane with 500 Da nominal cutoff leads to partial desorption of only 3 of the 5 adsorbed proteins. CHAPS is ineffectual in desorbing the 5 proteins from the IPG gel made with ultrafiltered Immobilines. None of the 6 Immobiline preparations used precipitates ferritin. All large proteins that adsorb onto IPGEF gels in the pH range 4-9.5 also adsorb onto commercial IPGEF gels in the pH range 4-7. PMID- 3243245 TI - Isoelectric focusing of basic proteins: the problem of oxidation of cysteines. AB - Isoelectric focusing of human globin chains in polyacrylamide gels dried in the ambient atmosphere and rehydrated in the presence of 8 mol/L urea produces artefactual doublets of zones as a result of oxidation by the gel. This oxidation can be avoided in separations of short duration by adding a reducing agent (e.g. 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol to the rehydration solution (Altland, K. and Rossmann, U., Electrophoresis 1985, 6, 314-325). We now demonstrate that the observed zone doublets can be explained by assuming neutralization of the contribution of dissociated sulfhydryl group of cysteine to pI by partial and reversible formation of globin dimers held together by disulfide bridges. Long time separations, requiring e.g. more than 4 h at greater than or equal to 500 V/cm, in pH gradients exceeding pH 7.5, are accompanied by artefactual oxidation from both the atmosphere and the gel matrix. Oxidation from the atmosphere as well as the effect of carbon dioxide can be eliminated by overlayering the gel with paraffin oil. Oxidation from the gel matrix can only partially be inhibited by rehydration of gels in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol. Nearly complete protection against oxidation by the gel matrix was achieved by adding a permanent supply of 2-ME to the gel or by adding DTT to the cathodic wick towards the end of the experiment. Alkylation with iodoacetamide or iodoacetic acid resulted in stable globin patterns, which, however, displayed additional artefactual zones. Our experimental data indicate that the polyacrylamide gels function as an electron acceptor for dissociated sulfhydryl groups in proteins, even after pretreatment with strong reducing agents for proteins. PMID- 3243246 TI - A new sample applicator for isoelectric focusing in horizontal polyacrylamide gels. AB - A new sample applicator for horizontal flat gels is described. The applicator is practically safe against contamination from adjacent samples and can be used for all types of electrophoretic separations including a concentration step for either the sample (i.e. disc electrophoresis) or the separated zones (i.e. isoelectric focusing). The applicator is a piece of flat glass with 26 or 51 parallel 2 mm wide grooves, drilled at distances of 9 or 4.5 mm. Samples, maximally 25 or 50, are applied to the areas between the grooves. By inverting the applicator, the samples are brought into close vicinity to the gel surface and the pendant droplets expand by capillary attraction into the slits between the glass and gel with resultant even distribution across the lanes of 2.5 or 7 mm width. The applicator can be used for separations with and without protection of the electrophoretic setup by paraffin oil and allows for fast multiple handling of samples by means of appropriate syringes and microtiter plates. PMID- 3243247 TI - Native protein blotting after isoelectric focusing in fabric reinforced polyacrylamide gels in carrier ampholyte generated or immobilized pH gradients. AB - An optimized procedure for the preparation of fabric reinforced polyacrylamide gels for native protein blotting is described. The gels, typically 5% T, 3% C, were internally stabilized with the aid of an AcrylAide-pretreated, hydrophilized polyester fabric, preferably with a 60 microns mesh opening. Ultrathin (120-180 microns) gels were prepared with the flap technique and 500 microns gels with the cassette technique; 500 microns gels with immobilized pH gradients were cast using precision molds and a computer controlled mixing device of four burettes. The fabric reinforced gels could be used either wet or after drying and rehydration. Isoelectric focusing was performed in carrier ampholyte pH gradients or hybrid immobilized pH gradients, supplemented with 1-3% w/v carrier ampholytes. Incorporation of 40-60% w/v glycerol into the gels decisively improved their operational properties. The high glycerol gels, which tolerated field strengths of 900-1700 V/cm for extended periods under steady state focusing conditions, were not afflicted by liquid exudation on the gel surface and showed retarded diffusion of the separated proteins on termination of focusing. By unidirectional capillary blotting, with an intermediate dialysis membrane eliminating bidirectional protein transfer, proteins were blotted to 0.1-0.2 micron pore size nitrocellulose membranes in 10-20 min from ultrathin gels and in 30-60 min from 500 microns gels. Based on quantification of residual protein in the gels after blotting, a transfer efficiency of 60-87% was found for the ultrathin and 53-69% for the 500 microns gels. Semidry electrophoretic blotting was carried out in a modified setup with cooled graphite electrodes. In a continuous Tris-glycine buffer system electrophoretic blotting required only 2-5 min with ultrathin gels and 20 min with 500 microns gels. Marker proteins, including horse spleen ferritin (Mr465,000), could be transferred with 91-96% efficiency. PMID- 3243248 TI - N-terminal and internal sequence determination of microgram amounts of proteins separated by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. AB - Isolation of microgram amounts of proteins and submicrogram quantities of peptides in a form suitable for sequence analysis is a key step in high sensitivity protein sequencing technology. Recently, methods have been developed which allow the direct, high yield, recovery of microgram amounts of sequenceable proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In the present publication, we describe an extension of these methods to obtain N-terminal or internal sequence information from proteins separated by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels containing immobilized pH gradients. For N-terminal sequence analysis, separated proteins were electrophoretically transferred (electroblotted) onto chemically-modified glass fiber sheets, a support compatible with Edman degradation chemistry. Transferred protein bands were detected on the support, cut out and directly inserted into the cartridge of a gas-phase protein sequenator. For internal sequence analysis, separated proteins were electrophoretically transferred onto nitrocellulose. Protein bands were detected by staining, cut out and the proteins subjected to enzymatic digestion directly on the support. The resulting cleavage fragments (peptides) were released into the supernatant where they were recovered and separated by narrow-bore reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography for sequence analysis. The potential of this methodology is illustrated by the comparative peptide mapping of isoforms of bovine carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 3243249 TI - Dual-label autoradiographic analysis of human skin fibroblast and myoblast proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using immobilised pH gradients in the first dimension. AB - Horizontal two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with immobilised pH gradients in the first dimension has been applied to the analysis of human skin fibroblast and muscle myoblast total cell proteins. Excellent two-dimensional separations of skin fibroblast proteins were obtained using pH 4-10 immobilised pH gradient gels with a long interelectrode distance (16 cm), but resolution was degraded, particularly of the more acidic proteins, by the use of shorter (10 cm) gels. Improved resolution of acidic and basic proteins was obtained using separate pH 4-7 and pH 7-10 immobilised pH gradient gels respectively in the first dimension. Two-dimensional protein maps of skin fibroblast proteins were visualised both by silver staining and by autoradiography of samples labelled synthetically with [35S]methionine. Horizontal two-dimensional electrophoresis, using pH 4-7 and pH 7-10 immobilised pH gradient gels in the first dimension, was applied to the analysis of protein samples from skin fibroblasts and muscle myoblasts dual-labelled synthetically with [35S]methionine and [75Se]selenomethionine in an attempt to identify sets of proteins specific to each cell type. In addition, two-dimensional maps or protein samples derived from normal individuals and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were compared to search for protein changes associated with the disease state. Although sets of qualitative protein spot differences were observed by visual inspection of the two-dimensional gels, more rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the patterns using a computerised analysis system will be required to obtain the maximum amount of information from these data. PMID- 3243250 TI - Analysis of tubulin proteins and peptides in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues using immobilized pH gradients. AB - The accurate identification of the individual protein products of multi-gene families is essential to the interpretation of data from a wide range of experimental approaches including molecular biology, protein chemistry, and cell biology. We have adapted immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing to provide high resolution of tubulin proteins. Here we use these techniques to investigate the heterogeneity of tubulin in several neuronal and non-neuronal tissues to provide an accurate evaluation of isotubulin composition. Of the ten sources examined, the greatest number of isotubulins was found in whole adult brain. Tubulin isolated from either neonate human or rat brain consists predominantly of the more basic alpha and beta isotubulins found in adult brain. Cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla and caudate nucleus all contain the same large number of isotubulins as in whole brain, but in varying proportions. Liver, kidney and spleen isotubulin populations are all similar to each other and consist of a simpler distribution than any neuronal tissue examined. The majority of the tubulin protein in these non-neuronal tissues is composed of only the most basic alpha tubulins and intermediately-charged beta tubulins. No isotubulins were identified that were unique to these three non-neuronal tissues. Tubulin from neuroblastoma cells has an isotubulin distribution grossly similar to non neuronal sources but additionally contains two basic beta isotubulins found in adult brain that are absent from non-neuronal tissues. PMID- 3243251 TI - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of platelet polypeptides with immobilized pH gradients in capillary tubes. AB - Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) with immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels in capillary tubes was used in the first-dimensional isoelectric focusing (IEF) for the separation of human platelet polypeptides. Two types of IPG tube gels, pH ranges 4-8 and 7-10, containing 8 M urea, 1% Nonidet P-40 and 0.1% pH 3.5-10 Ampholine carrier ampholytes (CA) were prepared by a simple method not requiring special equipment. The addition of CA to both gel and sample solutions was essential in the tube gel IPG system. Proteins were visualized by a modification of Wray's silver-staining technique. The degree of resolution and the number of spots observed on an IPG 2-DE gel with pH 4-8 were comparable with those obtained with O'Farrell's high-resolution 2-DE. Approximately 200 basic polypeptides, which are difficult to separate by conventional CA-based IEF 2-DE or the non equilibrium pH gradient system, were well resolved by 2-DE with a pH 7-10 IPG tube gel in the first-dimension. The gel patterns with either pH gradient 4-8 or 7-10 were highly reproducible among gels prepared and run simultaneously. These results demonstrated the potential and usefulness of the 2-DE system with IPG gels in capillary tubes. PMID- 3243252 TI - Analysis of human apolipoproteins C by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. AB - Apolipoproteins C are involved in many ways in the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins C from the delipidated VLDL of 35 controls and 165 normo- and hyperlipoproteinemic patients were analyzed by isoelectric focusing on an immobilized pH gradient, pH 4.0-5.0, with 7 M urea, which raised the apparent pH range to 4.8-5.7. This method is an improvement over conventional isoelectric focusing with carrier ampholytes with regard to both resolution and reproducibility. Due to the high resolution (0.1 pH units per cm) additional apolipoprotein C-III bands: C-III0 A1, C-III0 A2, C-III1 C and C-III2 C (the designations A, anodic, and C, cathodic, refer to direction of migration on IEF in relation to the main band) are described for the first time. The possible artifactual nature of these protein bands could be excluded. Cleavage with neuraminidase and peptidases, immunological detection and/or two-dimensional electrophoresis were used to obtain more information. The additional bands seem, in part, to be hydrolysis products of carboxypeptidase A (C-III1 C, C-III2 C). The appearance of C-III1 C and C-III2C was dependent upon the serum triglyceride concentration. The percent distribution of C apolipoproteins in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) from control serum agreed with previously published data. Apolipoproteins C can also be focused in immobilized pH gradients from VLDL and serum without delipidation. PMID- 3243253 TI - Isoelectric focusing of apolipoproteins in immobilized pH gradients: improved determination of apolipoprotein E phenotypes. AB - A method for isoelectric focusing of apolipoprotein E in an immobilized pH gradient with added carrier ampholytes has been developed. This method is an improvement over conventional isoelectric focusing of apolipoprotein E with respect to resolution, reproducibility, and simplicity. Since monosialo isoforms are resolved from the normally cofocusing asialo isoforms, unique patterns are obtained for all 6 common apolipoprotein E phenotypes. The method can also be applied to the screening of apolipoprotein A and C isoforms. Delipidated very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) have been used as the source of apolipoprotein E and C. Apolipoprotein A isoforms were focused directly from detergent-treated serum. Immunodetection of apolipoprotein E using capillary transfer was found to be compatible with the described method. PMID- 3243254 TI - Microheterogeneity of human plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase examined by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. AB - The microheterogeneity of highly purified human plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) has been examined by electrophoresis in immobilized pH gradients in Immobiline-polyacrylamide gels of the pH ranges 4-7 and 4.2-4.9. Seven isoforms were obtained with LCAT isolated from pools of normal plasma. Using this technique the apparent pI values at 15 degrees C for the isoforms in the pH 4.2-4.9 gradient were 4.37, 4.42, 4.48, 4.53, 4.60, 4.67 and 4.74. (SD = +/- 0.03 for all). The most intensely stained band in the isoform pattern corresponded to the isoform with a pI value of 4.48. PMID- 3243255 TI - Immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing of cerebrospinal fluid proteins. AB - Isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients, supplemented with 0.5% w/v carrier ampholytes was applied for studies of native proteins, especially immunoglobulin G, in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. All 72 paired samples were run on pH 4-10 gels; 25 of them were also examined in pH 7-10 gels. Silver staining and nitrocellulose blotting with amplified immunoperoxidase detection of immunoglobulin G were used for protein visualization. Intrathecally produced immunoglobulin G was resolved into sharply focused, straight and easily identifiable fractions. The pH gradients were stable and the inter-gel reproducibilities of individual immunoglobulin G patterns were good. PMID- 3243256 TI - Microheterogeneity of human serum transferrin: a biological phenomenon studied by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. AB - The heterogeneity of human transferrin results from (i) differences in iron content, (ii) genetic polymorphism and (iii) differences in the carbohydrate moiety. This article primarily deals with the last phenomenon, the microheterogeneity of human transferrin. Owing to the comparatively simple carbohydrate structure of human transferrin and the high resolving power of isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients, microheterogeneous forms of transferrin can be separated. Differences between samples can be quantitated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Examples of the differences between the microheterogeneity patterns of transferrin in several biological fluids and the changes that can be observed in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic hemochromatosis and Kahler's disease are presented. Special attention has been focused on changes occurring during pregnancy. PMID- 3243257 TI - Identification of group specific component/vitamin D-binding protein (GC/DBP) mutants by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. AB - The six common genetic types of the group specific component/vitamin D-binding protein (GC/DBP) system are usually classified by isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholytes, followed by visualization of the GC proteins by immunoprinting with monospecific antiserum. In addition, more than 120 mutant GC types have been discovered. For their identification additional methods were necessary, including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing in the presence of 3 M urea as well as isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. The application of the last method is described in detail and several examples of GC/DBP mutants identified thereby are presented. PMID- 3243258 TI - Subtyping of group specific component (GC) in human semen, blood and vaginal fluid by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. AB - The group specific component (GC) is stable and well suited for forensic casework. Isoelectric focusing of common GC variants from semen, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid and semen stains, on Immobiline DryPlates, pH 4.5-5.4, is of practical value in criminal investigations of sexual deliquencies. GC is present in normospermia and azoospermia seminal fluids and found in about 20% of the vaginal secretions. The GC patterns observed were similar and in accordance with the bands of the individual GC type in plasma/serum. PMID- 3243259 TI - Isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients with carrier ampholytes added for high-resolution phenotyping of bovine beta-lactoglobulins: characterization of a new genetic variant. AB - The genetic variants of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg) from the "Murnau Werdenfelser" breed were analyzed in three different isoelectric focusing (IEF) systems. While carrier ampholyte IEF with a pH gradient of 0.2 pH/cm did not resolve the new variant W from the B variant and IEF in immobobilized pH gradients (IPG) with 0.1 pH/cm only partially resolved it, adequate separation was achieved with IPG-IEF in a pH 5.25-pH 5.7 gradient, in presence of 0.8 % w/v carrier ampholytes, both over a 10 and 17 cm separation distance. Apparent isoelectric points (pI's) and genetic frequencies (f) were as follows: beta-lg A, pI = 5.370, f = 0.364; beta-lg B, pI = 5.485, f = 0.480; beta-lg W, pI = 5.492, f = 0.076; and beta-lg D, pI = 5.610, f = 0.080. The small difference of delta pI = 0.007 between beta-lg B and beta-lg W respectively, seems to originate from a "silent" substitution of neutral amino acid residues as compared to the larger delta pI's of the other genetic variants of beta-lg, which result from substitution of charged amino acids. PMID- 3243260 TI - Acid phosphatase typing for breeding nematode-resistant tomatoes by isoelectric focusing with an ultranarrow immobilized pH gradient. AB - The genetic variants of tomato acid phosphatase (Aps-1) systems have been analyzed by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients (IPG). By using an ultranarrow pH 4.25-4.55 IPG gel, the two genotypes Aps-1(1) and Aps-1+, differentiating tomato variants into nematode-resistant or nematode-susceptible plants, are separated into two sharp zones over a distance of 2.5 cm with isoelectric points of 4.37 and 4.43, respectively. Under these conditions, silver staining of the Aps-1 variants proved to be superior to enzyme staining. By applying more than 50 samples on one IPG gel, this method proved to be a powerful tool for reliable tomato nematode resistance screening. PMID- 3243261 TI - Compliance in epilepsy. First international workshop. Salzburg, Austria, September 3-5, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3243262 TI - Patients with epilepsy who discontinue treatment. AB - Out of 247 patients coming to an outpatient clinic (OPC) for patients with epilepsy during a time span of 18 months, 214 could be definitely rated with respect to continuation or discontinuation of treatment. 96 discontinued treatment, i.e., they did not keep their last appointment and also did not come to the OPC during the following 6 months or longer. The rate of discontinuation was especially high for patients who had had only one seizure, for patients with chronic alcoholism or alcoholic withdrawal seizures and for patients who had already had several seizures but objected to pharmacological treatment. One hundred and forty-nine patients had had at least 2 seizures and were on medication. In this group we looked for variables discriminating between continuation and discontinuation. Medical data were taken from the records and all patients received a questionnaire with 36 items. Medical variables such as type and duration of epilepsy had no influence on keeping appointments. There were, however, significant relations between continuation or discontinuation and perceived quality of care in the OPC, obligation of the patient to look after children, perceived discrimination of persons with epilepsy at the work place and the patient's feeling of being treated like a little child when the doctor utters his suspicions about non-compliance. PMID- 3243263 TI - Determinants of compliance in epileptic patients. AB - A questionnaire was filled out by 270 epileptic outpatients responsible for taking their own medication to assess the extent of drug compliance-adherence and look for factors associated with poor compliance. Eighty-six patients (31.8%) were considered non-compliers. Significant factors for non-compliance were a duration of disease from 10 to 20 years, a low frequency of seizures and a drug intake considered as very bothersome. Neither sex nor age at onset, nor age at survey, nor type of epilepsy were different in compliers and non-compliers. Stopping medication to see if one is cured was more frequent in women than in men and a fear of drug toxicity was more frequent in patients over 30 years old. PMID- 3243265 TI - Compliance in epileptic children in Japan. AB - We investigated compliance in 133 epileptic patients with an onset before 15 years. Compliance was determined according to prescription rate. Those with a prescription rate over 95% were regarded as compliant and those with a rate below 95% as non-compliant. One-hundred patients (75.2%) were compliant. Good compliance was related to early onset of epilepsy, high seizure frequency, short duration of seizure-free period and self-reported complete intake of medicine. Duration of epilepsy, seizure/drug calendar recording, number of drugs and plasma level of antiepileptic drugs were not associated with compliance. PMID- 3243264 TI - Relevance of poor compliance for seizure control. AB - The relationship of poor compliance to seizure control was analyzed in 101 patients with self-reported poor compliance in 2 seizure clinics. There was a close correlation of poor compliance and the coefficient of variation for phenytoin (P = 0.001), primidone (P = 0.01) and carbamazepine (P = 0.01). In comparison with self-reported compliers no difference was noted in seizure control and other clinical variables. Patients who experienced an increase of several seizures in temporal relationship with poor compliance more often reported loss of sleep (P = 0.006) and more often had frequent (more than 5 per year) seizures (P = 0.001) than non-compliers with a single seizure relapse or no change in seizure control. Exacerbation of seizures through poor compliance occurs primarily in patients with frequent seizures and through loss of sleep. PMID- 3243266 TI - Self-induction of seizures: the ultimate non-compliance. AB - The most extreme form of non-cooperation in the treatment of epilepsy is seen in those patients who deliberately induce their own seizures. The overwhelming majority of these patients are photosensitive and make use of visual stimuli to induce either overt seizures or 'sub-clinical' epileptiform EEG discharges. Best documented is the use of flicker produced by waving one hand in front of the eyes, but much more frequent, if less easily recognised, is the use of a manoeuvre involving slow closure and forced upward deviation of the eyes. This is exhibited by a quarter of patients with photosensitive epilepsy, many of whom report that the manoeuvre gives a pleasant sensation or relieves feelings of stress. Other forms of reflex epilepsy are used less often for self-induction and for a variety of motives. Often there is clear social advantage such as avoidance of school or gaining attention. Some patients find that the risk of a spontaneous attack is lessened following a self-induced seizure and can therefore contrive their fits to occur only in situations which are safe and convenient. Self induced seizures are notoriously resistant to antiepileptic therapy even if the patient is compliant. Preliminary trials suggest, however, that in some patients dopamine antagonists may reduce this behaviour, apparently by making self-induced discharges or seizures non-rewarding. PMID- 3243267 TI - Compliance in epilepsy: introduction. PMID- 3243268 TI - Compliance--a joint effort of the patient and his doctor. AB - Non-compliance is the reason why in 25-50% of cases treatment of seizures is only partially successful. We have tried to throw some light on the reasons for noncompliance in the behaviour of the doctor as well as the patient. It is not possible simply to prescribe compliance - even though the result is a decrease in attacks; reliability must be learnt. Responsible patients and compassionate doctors are a pre-condition for reliability. Both doctor and patient are committed to treating and healing. This can only be achieved by mutual trust and understanding. A doctor who can make clear to his patient that he is dependent on the patient's co-operation will be more successful than a doctor who does not. Self-help groups can help the patient to recognise his difficulties and take responsibility for himself by coming to terms with his illness. Self-help groups cannot produce compliance; compliance is a result of group work. The doctor - patient relationship has been the subject of much thought, discussion and theorizing recently. In all of this compliance is the key factor. PMID- 3243269 TI - Doctors' orders and patients' self-interest: two views of medication usage? AB - This community-based study of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota found that almost 60% of 127 adults aged 18-59 said they had altered their anticonvulsant medications in one of the following 3 ways: stopped taking them for at least 3 days, discontinued them completely, or changed the dosage for more than 2 weeks. Twenty percent said they had followed an altered regimen in the week before the interview. Medical records for 10 years for the entire group of 199 prevalence cases in this age range showed that 28% had discontinued medications for more than 3 days, and 14% had changed the dosage for more than 2 weeks. Comparing interview statements with information in the medical record, 70% of interviewees had changed their medications in one of these ways. There is a basic difference between changing and stopping the dose: changing involves evaluating the regimen; stopping involves evaluating the illness itself. Such testing is a common part of managing epilepsy over time. These strategies can be called forms of self regulation of medical regimens. The concept of self-regulation challenges the traditional patient-doctor relationship because it grants more autonomy and control to the patient and requires basic re-examinations of clinical expectations and patient responsibilities. PMID- 3243270 TI - Measurement of compliance through patient interviews. AB - In this study different indices for compliance with antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment were derived from a sample of 41 patients with epilepsy, coming for the first time to an out-patient clinic: forgetting a dose, aids for drug intake (e.g., a pill box), tying intake to stable habits, intake at weekends, taking less than prescribed, taking more than prescribed, expected physical harm as a consequence of drug intake. Significant interrelations were found between reporting having thought of discontinuation because of physical harm and actual discontinuation in the past (P = 0.04), between use of an aid and tying intake to stable habits in the morning, at noon and in the evening (P = 0.01, P = 0.03, P = 0.08). There was a relation between using an aid and plasma levels of AEDs (P = 0.03). Finally an index was constructed from the different measures for intake behaviour. There was a correlation r = -0.60 with coefficients of variation for phenytoin, carbamazepine and phenobarbital (P = 0.05). PMID- 3243271 TI - Binding site requirements for pea nuclear protein factor GT-1 correlate with sequences required for light-dependent transcriptional activation of the rbcS-3A gene. AB - Nuclear protein factor GT-1 binds to sequence boxes II, III, II* and III* upstream of the light-responsive pea rbcS-3A gene. We have shown previously that box II and box III are required for expression of rbcS-3A when redundant elements upstream of -170 (relative to the transcription start site) are removed. Here we present evidence that deletion and substitution mutations downstream of -170 which eliminate expression also decrease binding. Using a series of 2 bp substitution mutations we have defined a core of six residues (GGTTAA) within box II (GTGTGGTTAATATG) that are critical for binding. The most detrimental mutation for binding, which changes the double Gs to Cs, is sufficient to eliminate detectable expression in vivo when only 170 bp of 5' flanking sequences are present. The simplest interpretation of these data is that GT-1 is an activator of rbcS-3A transcription. Footprinting experiments show that GT-1 from both light grown and dark-adapted plants binds to the same sequences in vitro. Therefore, the lack of expression of rbcS-3A in the dark is not due to the absence of GT-1. In our analysis of the sequence elements upstream of -170, we have mapped two additional GT-1 sites (boxes II** and III**) between -330 and -410. The similarities and differences among the GT-1 sites located upstream and downstream of -170 are discussed in terms of the different sequence requirements for rbcS-3A expression during development. PMID- 3243272 TI - VirD proteins of Agrobacterium tumefaciens are required for the formation of a covalent DNA--protein complex at the 5' terminus of T-strand molecules. AB - The T-DNA transfer process of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is activated by the induction of the Ti plasmid virulence (vir) loci by plant signal molecules such as acetosyringone. Upon initiation of the T-DNA transfer process, site-specific nicks occur at the 25-bp border sequences. This cleavage leads to the generation of a free, linear ssT-DNA molecule which is bound by sequence non-specific VirE proteins. Here we present evidence for the involvement of other acetosyringone induced proteins in the formation of a covalent complex between the T-strand and protein, designated the T-complex. Alkaline gel-electrophoretic analysis showed that proteins specifically bind to the 5' termini of nicked T-DNA molecules. The T-complex can be formed in Escherichia coli when the VirD1 and VirD2 proteins are expressed. PMID- 3243273 TI - Release of putative exocytic transport vesicles from perforated MDCK cells. AB - Mechanically perforated MDCK cells were used to study membrane transport between the trans-Golgi network and the apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains in vitro. Three membrane transport markers--an apical protein (fowl plague virus haemagglutinin), a basolateral protein (vesicular stomatitis virus G protein), and a lipid marker destined for both domains (C6-NBD-sphingomyelin)--were each accumulated in the trans-Golgi by a 20 degrees C block of transport and their behaviour monitored following cell perforation and incubation at 37 degrees C. In the presence of ATP and in the absence of calcium ions a considerable fraction of the transport markers were released from the perforated cells in sealed membrane vesicles. Control experiments showed that the vesicles were not generated by non specific vesiculation of the Golgi complex or the plasma membrane. The vesicles had well defined sedimentation properties and the orientation expected of transport vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi network. PMID- 3243274 TI - A new method for detecting endocytosed proteins. AB - A new reagent, DPSgt, is described which has been designed to label cell surface proteins at 0 degree C. The reagent is easily made; it is water soluble and contains a reactive impermeant ester at one end, a tyrosine which can be radioiodinated at the other, and a disulphide in-between. The label can be removed from cells by cleaving the disulphide linkage in it with glutathione at 0 degree C. When cells are warmed to 37 degrees C between labelling and reduction, labelled proteins which are endocytosed acquire resistance to reduction. This provides a simple way of measuring the endocytosis of surface proteins. The intracellular pools of transferrin and LDL receptors in K562 cells and fibroblasts have been estimated. The results indicate that intracellular receptors are in non-reducing compartments, and that uptake of average cell surface (by non-coated pit processes) in K562 cells is small. PMID- 3243275 TI - Purification of brain D2 dopamine receptor. AB - D2 dopamine receptors have been extracted from bovine brain using the detergent cholate and purified approximately 20,000-fold by affinity chromatography on haloperidol-sepharose and wheat germ agglutinin-agarose columns. The purified preparation contains D2 dopamine receptors as judged by the pharmacological specificity of [3H]spiperone binding to the purified material. The sp. act. of [3H]spiperone binding in the purified preparation is 2.5 nmol/mg protein. The purified preparation shows a major diffuse band at Mr 95,000 upon SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and there is evidence for microheterogeneity either at the protein or glycosylation level. Photoaffinity labelling of D2 dopamine receptors also shows a species of Mr 95,000. The D2 dopamine receptor therefore is a glycoprotein of Mr 95,000. PMID- 3243276 TI - Organization of human immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity gene loci. AB - The variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain is encoded by three separate genes on the germline genome: variable (VH), diversity (DH) and joining (JH) genes. Most human DH genes are encoded in 9-kb repeating sequences. We determined the nucleotide sequence of a 15-kb DNA fragment containing more than one and a half of these repeating units, and identified 12 different DH genes. Based on the sequence similarities of DH coding and the surrounding regions, they can be classified into six different DH gene families (DXP, DA, DK, DN, DM and DLR). Nucleotide sequences of DH genes belonging to different families diverge greatly, while those belonging to the same families are well conserved. Since the 9-kb DNA containing the six DH genes are multiplied at least five times, the total number of DH genes must be approximately 30. These DH genes are sandwiched by 12 nucleotide spacer signals. Most of the somatic DH sequences found in the published VH-DH-JH structures (the somatic DH segment being defined as the region which is not encoded either by germline VH or JH gene) were assigned to one of the germline DH genes. Other than these typical DH genes, however, we found a new kind of DH gene (which we termed DIR) the spacer lengths of whose neighbouring signals were irregular. The DIR gene appears to be involved in DIR-DH or DH-DIR joining by inversion or deletion. Two of the somatic DH sequences were assigned to the DIR genes. Long N segments might, therefore, originate from DIR genes. PMID- 3243278 TI - The human beta-globin promoter; nuclear protein factors and erythroid specific induction of transcription. AB - We have shown that the promoter of the human beta-globin gene contains three regions in addition to the known CAC, CAAT and TATA box regions that are important for the induction of transcription in erythroid cells. By using DNaseI footprinting and gel mobility shift assays we were able to show that two of these regions bind the erythroid specific nuclear factor NF-E1 (and ubiquitous factors). The third region binds a ubiquitous CAAT-box factor (CP1). Deletion experiments suggest that only the combination of NF-E1 and CP1 binding sites, but not each of the sites alone, are capable of mediating the induction of transcription of a minimal (CAC, CAAT, TATA box) beta-globin promoter in mouse erythroleukaemia (MEL) cells. PMID- 3243277 TI - The primary structure of human ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor (RAI) discloses a novel highly diversified protein superfamily with a common repetitive module. AB - Immunological screening of a lambda gt11 library, constructed from HeLa mRNA, yielded several ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor (RAI) cDNA clones containing 900-bp inserts. Northern blot analysis revealed that the length of the RAI mRNA is approximately 1.9 kb. Construction and screening of a eukaryotic cDNA expression library (HeLa) containing preferentially complete cDNA inserts led to the isolation of a full length clone. The complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The C-terminal amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA is identical to the peptide sequence obtained from a CNBr fragment of RAI, confirming the identity of the clone. The deduced primary structure of RAI consists of eight homologous tandem repeats with remarkable periodicity of leucine and cysteine residues. Each repeat is derived from the duplication of a leucine-rich 28-amino acid module. This prototype module is closely related to a repetitive 24-amino acid motif of unclear function, previously found in proteins involved in important biological processes such as blood coagulation, embryonic development, cell morphogenesis and signal transduction. Although homologous, the RAI modules show distinct differences in length and amino acid composition to the modules of this group of proteins, demonstrating their high potential of variability, necessary for adaptation to very diverse roles. Based on our results we propose that these repetitive modules are a common structural feature of a novel protein superfamily whose members exert their function by highly specific protein-protein interactions. PMID- 3243279 TI - Expression of the parasite protein Pc90 in plasma membranes of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium chabaudi. AB - Erythrocytes infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi contain the neo-protein Pc90 in their plasma membrane. We investigate origin, membrane disposition, and intraerythrocytic traffic of this Pc90. Metabolic labeling of P. infected erythrocytes, combined with cell fractionation as well as Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation using a Pc90-recognizing monoclonal antibody, show that Pc90 is synthesized by early to mid trophozoites and is transported without any apparent processing steps to the erythrocyte membrane. Based upon the inaccessibility of Pc90 from the outside in intact erythrocytes and the water solubility of membrane-associated Pc90, it is concluded that Pc90 is localized on the cytoplasmic face of the host erythrocyte membrane. Immunoelectron microscopy using a Pc90-specific monoclonal antibody and the occurrence of soluble Pc90 in host cell cytosol indicate that the Pc90 is transported in both a 'vesicle-bound' and a 'free' form through the erythrocyte cytoplasm. PMID- 3243280 TI - Heterogeneity of the zymogen granule membranes in rat pancreas. AB - Zymogen granules (ZG) of rat pancreas have been isolated by the procedure of Paquet et al. The granules lysed when exposed to alkaline pH (pH 8.2), and their membranes could be subfractionated by centrifugation on a sucrose gradient. Four discrete types of membranes corresponding to densities of 1.105, 1.085, 1.075, and 1.020 were obtained, designated types A, B, C, and D, respectively and characterized both by morphological and biochemical criteria. Electrophoretic profiles showed that they contain the same protein bands but in different proportions. Type A membranes are comprised of four major bands corresponding to molecular weights of 80, 69, 54, and 20 kDa, being in higher concentration than the others. Types B and C contain three major bands at 80, 54 and 20 kDa whereas type D is comprised of only two major bands at 69 and 54 kDa, the latter polypeptide corresponding to ATP-diphosphohydrolase activity which is present in all four membrane types. Freeze-fracture of rapidly frozen membranes, followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that type A are large superimposed sheets of membranes with amorphous material between sheets. The surface area of these sheets corresponds grossly to the surface of an intact ZG with a few intramembrane particles (IMP) distributed at random or in small aggregates on large smooth fracture planes. Types B and C exhibit a totally different aspect, forming closed vesicles about the size of a small ZG with few IMP distributed at random or in small aggregates on smooth fracture planes. Type D membranes are very small vesicles with no detectable IMP on relatively smooth fracture planes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243281 TI - Detection of glycosaminoglycans in the Golgi complex of chondrocytes. AB - Elongation and sulfation of glycosaminoglycans are pivotal roles of the Golgi complex during the biosynthesis of proteoglycan monomers. In the present work the spatial relationship between these processes has been investigated by using a combination of immunocytochemical and cytochemical techniques. Chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycans were immunocytochemically localized in 1 to 2 transmost cisternae, also in a system of narrow tubules at the trans face of the Golgi complex of chick epiphyseal chondrocytes. At these same locations sulfate groups were revealed with the high iron diamine (HID) method, proteoglycan monomers being visualized with ruthenium red. Several treatments were assayed in order to reversibly block the secretory pathway. Chondrocytes incubated at a low temperature, 15 degrees C, before fixation, showed both glycosaminoglycans in the middle cisternae of the Golgi stack as well as the above mentioned locations. After low temperature treatment both HID and ruthenium red stained the middle, but not the cis cisternae. Incubation of the cells for 30 min with either diethylcarbamazine or monensin before fixation permitted detection of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycan monomers in the middle cisternae, whereas HID staining of the Golgi complex, but not that of secretory vesicles, was abolished. The results show that elongation of both chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycans takes place in the same Golgi compartments. These include the middle cisternae and probably also the trans cisternae and tubules. Also suggested is that sulfation of one or both types of glycosaminoglycans begins in the middle cisternae. PMID- 3243282 TI - Rapid purification of clathrin-coated vesicles by free-flow electrophoresis. AB - Free-flow electrophoresis was successfully used as the final step in the purification of clathrin-coated vesicles from bovine brain. Based on biochemical analysis, the material obtained in this way was found to be of equal purity with respect to the protein composition and lipid content as that purified by the previously widely used methods of permeation chromatography on controlled pore glass or Sephacryl S-1000. However, as judged by electron microscopy, the electrophoretically purified coated vesicles contained less smooth membranes than the coated vesicle preparations that had been obtained by permeation chromatography. Free-flow electrophoresis offers considerable advantages in speed of purification, in the total amount of material processed and in flexibility of operation. Analysis of the electrophoretic mobility of purified coated vesicles showed that this is governed by the coat proteins rather than by the vesicle contained therein. A shift in electrophoretic mobility of purified coated vesicles was obtained by the binding of coat protein specific monoclonal antibodies. This raises the possibility of purifying subpopulations of coated vesicles with respect to coat protein composition. PMID- 3243283 TI - Occurrence and distribution of sialic acid residues in developing rat glomerulus: investigations with the Limax flavus and the wheat germ agglutinin. AB - Evidence has accumulated suggesting that cell surface sialic acid is required for the development and maintenance of the specialized shape of glomerular podocytes in kidney. We have investigated the occurrence and distribution of plasma membrane sialic acid residues during glomerulus development in newborn rat kidney with special attention to the differentiating podocytes. Terminal sialic acid residues were detected with a high resolution cytochemical lectin technique applying the Limax flavus agglutinin in conjunction with the fetuin-gold complex. In addition, the wheat germ agglutinin/ovomucoid-gold technique was performed. Lectin binding, indicative of the presence of terminal sialic acid residues in glycoconjugates, was found in the plasma membrane of the cells of the nephrogenic cap, the earliest stage of glomerulus development. Label of similar intensity was found in the apical, lateral and basal plasma membrane of all cell types in later developmental stages such as renal vesicle, S-shaped body, capillary loop stage and maturing glomeruli. Considering the podocytes, already the presumptive podocytes clearly identifiable in the S-shaped body and early capillary loop stage exhibited binding sites for the Limax flavus and the wheat germ agglutinin along their plasma membrane domains irrespective of the position of the tight junctions and before foot process and slit diaphragm formation occurred. These results demonstrate that in the plasma membrane of all cell types during the different stages of glomerulus development sialylated glycoconjugates are present. They indicate that the general occurrence of sialic acid residues does not coincide with the development of foot processes and slit diaphragms of glomerular podocytes. PMID- 3243284 TI - Detection of sperm-coating antigens immunologically related to a seminal protein in rat. AB - We report in this paper that proteins from the surface of ejaculated spermatozoa contain antigenic determinants cross-reacting with a rabbit antiserum raised against native CFS, a protein secreted from the rat seminal vesicle and composed of two subunits, namely RSV IV and RSV V. Conversely, no such proteins could be extracted from cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The cross-reacting proteins derived from the ejaculated spermatozoa were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. An electrophoretic pattern different than that expected for native CFS in denaturing conditions was found. In vitro reconstitution experiments showed that labeled native CFS is able to bind cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The CFS protein recovered from the sperm surface was examined and alterations of its structure were also noted. The sperm coating abilities of CFS and of its RSV IV subunit are discussed. PMID- 3243285 TI - Amino acid sequence and molecular characterization of murine lamin B as deduced from cDNA clones. AB - The nuclear lamina is the karyoskeletal structure, intimately associated with the nuclear envelope, that is widespread among the diverse types of eukaryotic cells. A family of proteins, termed lamins, has been shown to be a prominent component of this lamina, and various members of this family are differentially expressed in different cell types. In mammals, three major lamins (A, B, C) have been identified, and in all cells so far examined lamin B is constitutively expressed while lamins A and C are not, suggesting that lamin B is sufficient to form a functional lamina. Because of this key importance of lamin B, cDNA clones encoding mammalian lamin B were isolated by screening murine cDNA libraries, representing F9 teratocarcinoma cells and fetal liver, with the corresponding cDNA probe of lamin LI of Xenopus laevis. The nucleotide sequence of the murine lamin B mRNA (approximately 2.9 kb) was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of the encoded polypeptide (587 amino acids; mol. wt. 66760) is highly homologous to X. laevis lamin LI (72.9% identical residues) but displays lower similarity to A-type lamins (53.8% identical amino acid residues with human lamin A). Lamin B also conforms to the general molecular organization principle of the members of the intermediate filament (IF) protein family, i.e., an extended alpha helical rod domain that is interrupted by two non alpha-helical linkers and flanked by non-alpha-helical head (amino-terminal) and tail (carboxy-terminal) domains. The tail domain, which does not reveal a hydrophobic region of considerable length, contains a typical karyophilic signal sequence and an uninterrupted stretch of eight negatively charged amino acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243286 TI - Fine structural studies of early mitotic stages in untreated and nocodazole treated HeLa cells. AB - When cells in mitosis are treated with nocodazole, a microtubule-disrupting drug, it can be shown in comparison to untreated cells that microtubules are responsible for the polarized formation of indentations, folds, tubes, and crypts of the nuclear envelope in prophase nuclei. No translocation of chromosomes within the nucleus takes place. Microtubules are not necessary for chromosome condensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, the formation of trilaminar kinetochores, and the orientation of sister-kinetochores within one chromosome in relation to each other. The orientation of kinetochores in relation to the mitotic poles, however, is mediated by microtubules. The data shown here support the working hypothesis about chromosome translocation in prophase nuclei which was presented in an earlier paper. PMID- 3243287 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic study of nucleolar DNA during mitosis in Ehrlich tumor cells. AB - In order to investigate the DNA localization within Ehrlich tumor cell nucleoli during mitosis, two recent immunocytochemical methods using either an anti-DNA or an anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) monoclonal antibody have been applied. In both cases, the immunogold labeling has been performed on ultrathin sections of cells embedded either in Lowicryl K4M or in Epon, respectively. Identical results are observed with both immunocytochemical approaches. In the interphase nucleolus, besides the labeling of the perinucleolar chromatin shell and of its intranucleolar invaginations which penetrate into the nucleolar body and often terminate at the fibrillar centers, a few gold particles are also preferentially found towards the peripheral region of the fibrillar centers. In contrast, the dense fibrillar component and the granular component are never labeled. During mitosis, the fibrillar centers persist at the chromosomal nucleolus organizing regions (NOR's) and can be selectively stained by the silver method. However, these metaphase fibrillar centers are no longer decorated by the DNA- or BrdU antibodies. These results indicate that until the end of prophase, rRNA genes are present inside the fibrillar center material, disappear during metaphase and reappear in reconstituting nucleoli during telophase. Thus, fibrillar centers appear to represent structures sui generis, which are populated by rRNA genes only when the nucleolus is functionally active. In segregated nucleoli after actinomycin D treatment, the DNA labeling is exclusively restricted to the perinucleolar chromatin blocks. These findings also suggest that the DNA content of the fibrillar center material varies according to the rRNA transcription level of the cells. The results are discussed in the light of the present knowledge of the functional organization of the nucleolus. PMID- 3243288 TI - Fatty acids binding to albumin increases its uptake and transcytosis by the lung capillary endothelium. AB - To determine whether uptake and transcytosis of albumin (A) in continuous capillary endothelia are modified when this protein carries fatty acids, the transport of albumin-oleic acid and albumin-palmitic acid complexes was compared with that of defatted albumin. The probes, either radioiodinated or tagged with 5 nm gold particles (Au), or both, were perfused in situ or injected in vivo; after 3 or 30 min lung fragments were radioassayed or examined by electron microscopy. Both in situ and in vivo, the uptake of fatty acid-carrying albumin (A-FA) was consistently 2 to 3 times higher than that of defatted A. Electron microscopy revealed that A-FA complexes tagged with gold were taken up and transported across the endothelium by plasmalemmal vesicles. Morphometric analysis showed that as compared with A-Au, at 3 min the density of (A-FA)Au bound to plasmalemmal vesicles was 2 to 3 times higher, and the extent of transcytosis was increased. Uptake of the iodinated albumin was more effectively competed by A-FA complexes than by defatted A, suggesting a higher affinity of the former for the albumin binding sites of the endothelium. The results indicate that when carrying fatty acids, albumin is taken up specifically and with high affinity by the capillary endothelium, a process that may play a role in the transport of fatty acids from the plasma to the cells where they are metabolized. PMID- 3243289 TI - Proopiomelanocortin producing cells of spleen: increase after transplantation with opioid-peptide producing Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides are produced by many cell systems, including a population of macrophage-like cells in mouse spleen. After transplantation of mice with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, the number of POMC producing spleen cells increase up to 10-fold by 5 to 6 days. The POMC peptides produced by these cells increase even more, as evidenced by radioimmunoassay. Thus, these data indicate both proliferation of splenic POMC cells and increased production of POMC peptides per cell after tumor challenge. Characterization of the peptides by sequence-specific radioimmunoassays and high performance liquid chromatography documents the presence of both ACTH(1-39) and of ACTH(1-14) in these cells. These peptides have multifacetted effects on immune parameters and may exhibit a general antiinflammatory action, partly mediated through inhibition of interleukin 1-stimulated events. The tumor cells themselves do not produce POMC peptides, but display met- and leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity. Also cultured tumor cells display such immunoreactivity, indicating endogenous production of opioid peptides. The opioid peptides of the tumor cells may both affect host immune defenses and play intratumoral autocrine or paracrine roles. PMID- 3243290 TI - Adriamycin-plasma membrane interaction in human erythrocytes. AB - A great body of data increasingly point to the cell membrane as an important target for adriamycin (ADR). However, the exact mechanism by which ADR exerts its cytotoxic action through the interaction with the plasma membrane is still unknown. In this study, the interaction of ADR with red blood cells from healthy donors was investigated by freeze-fracturing (FF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results obtained can be summarized as follows: a) a dose dependent modification in the intramembrane particle (IMP) distribution was revealed by FF on both fracture faces of the plasma membrane of erythrocytes treated with 50 or 100 microM ADR; b) SEM observations allowed to reveal a discocyte-stomatocyte transition induced by 50 microM ADR and the formation of mottled cells at the higher dose; c) these morphological and ultrastructural changes were not related to lipid peroxidation as demonstrated by experiments with radical scavengers or strong oxidant substances; d) the analysis of IMP density seemed to rule out a segregation process of membrane proteins suggesting that ADR interacts with the plasma membrane by becoming incorporated within the lipid bilayer. PMID- 3243291 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human type K pyruvate kinase. AB - K-type pyruvate kinase was purified from human kidney by immunoadsorbant chromatography. Monoclonal antibodies secreting hybridomas were made using conventional techniques. Two clones were established which produced antibodies against K-type not cross-reacting with the other pyruvate kinase isoenzymes, named the M, L and R-types. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies was proven by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments. The M- and K-isoenzymes are produced from the same gene probably by alternative splicing, and all differences between both enzymes originate from one exon coding for 45 amino acids (Noguchi et al. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 13807-13812 (1986]. The monoclonal antibodies are specific for K-type under denaturing conditions. Thus, it is likely that these antibodies recognize (a) continuous epitope(s), of which at least some amino acids are coded in the K specific exon. The monoclonal antibodies could be successfully used in immunohistochemical studies. Neurons and astrocytes in brain, Kupffer cells in liver, connective tissue cells and vascular smooth muscle cells showed immunoreactivity. However, striated muscle cells in skeletal muscle and heart and hepatocytes were not immunoreactive. Other types of glial cells, e.g., oligodendrocytes and microglia, so far studied, showed no reaction either. PMID- 3243292 TI - Predictive markers of occupational activity in 415 post myocardial infarction patients after one-year follow-up. AB - Predictors of work resumption in 415 patients (372 male and 43 female) one year after myocardial infarction were studied. Clinical data obtained during the hospital phase and during treatment in a specialized rehabilitation centre, and a questionnaire one year after MI were analysed. Significant negative factors for re-employment were complications during the acute phase of illness and post infarction angina. An increased rate of re-employment was found in patients with a higher work tolerance in an exercise test at discharge from the rehabilitation centre and in patients who climbed to the second floor without symptoms one year after MI (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, patients who perceived their health more positively, and those of higher educational level were more likely to return to work. The motivation to resume work in patients of a higher educational level seems to be more prominent than in patients of a lower educational level. If treatment in a specialized rehabilitation centre started sooner, the rate of re employment was better (P less than 0.001). PMID- 3243293 TI - The proposal of the Italian Committee on Occupational Cardiology. AB - This paper describes a protocol of assessing specific working fitness of post myocardial infarction patients proposed by the Italian Committee on Occupational Cardiology. After cardiovascular (cross-sectional echocardiography, Holter monitoring and maximal symptom-limited ergometric test) and psychological evaluation (CBA-2.0), two ambulatory ECGs were used during work to confirm the first judgement of specific work fitness expressed by occupational specialists. The preliminary results obtained in 106 uncomplicated male patients (mean age 49 +/- 8 years) show that: (i) return to work (89.6%) at 117 +/- 51 days after the acute event is mainly related to socio-occupational variables rather than to cardiovascular status; (ii) the results of the ambulatory monitoring usually confirm the first judgment of specific work fitness; (iii) heart rate responses recorded during work are unrelated to the judgment of fitness; and (iv) the repeatability of the results observed during the two ambulatory ECGs at work is good. PMID- 3243294 TI - Summary and conclusions towards guidelines for return to work after myocardial infarction and myocardial revascularisation. PMID- 3243295 TI - Guidelines for return to work after myocardial infarction and/or revascularisation. PMID- 3243296 TI - Opening remarks. PMID- 3243297 TI - Psychosocial job demands of cardiac patients in Hungary. AB - By means of a psychosocial questionnaire we analysed 483 patients in an ischaemic heart disease group and 101 patients in a prosthetic heart-valve group. The aim of the study was to compare the social characteristics and job demands of the two groups participating in a rehabilitation program. On the basis of our investigation, a special picture could be drawn about the coronary group. In a great number of our coronary patients significant migrational and social mobility are combined. The frequency of high-school education partly completed at evening schools was higher in this group. The number of managerial white-collar workers was five times as high as in the prosthetic-valve group. Variables reflecting job demands showed significant differences between the two groups. PMID- 3243298 TI - Working capacity after myocardial infarction. AB - The study presents data regarding the functional assessment and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction survivors resident in Prague 4 and an industrial region in north Bohemia. No demonstrable differences between the incidence of myocardial infarction in various professions were found. Acute myocardial infarction occurred in 0.52-0.73% of the total number of workers enrolled in the study. Rehabilitation programmes succeeded in significantly increasing working tolerance, overall performance, and in decreasing the heart rate/blood pressure index within the first six months after acute myocardial infarction. In patients resuming their original jobs, all these parameters were substantially more favourable than in those not seeking re-employment. Prognosis was assessed in 1072 patients. The 10-year mortality was 52.1%. Of the survivors, 30% of patients returned to work, and 24% and 46% remained in partial and full-time retirement, respectively. PMID- 3243299 TI - The interaction between man-work-environment and the return to work of coronary patients. The philosophical aspects. PMID- 3243300 TI - Physiological cost of vocational activities after myocardial infarction. AB - Oxygen consumption was measured during 30 min of work in 16 patients, after a myocardial infarction (anterior or posterior), and compared with 16 normal subjects, of the same age, involved in the same activities, in a steel factory. The VO2 at work of the patients was a little lower than in normals. The mean heart rate for 8 h was also a little lower in patients than in normals. The patients used a higher percentage of their residual capacity (VO2 max) as evaluated on a bicycle ergometer in the laboratory; the difference may be important between patients with a residual coronary insufficiency and controls. There are no important differences in the psychological attitudes of the two groups; the patient seems to be more motivated. From this study, based on a limited number of patients who had returned to work and had no complaints in daily life, it appears that the patients were working more 'economically' that the normals, that they are able to use a higher percentage of their residual physiological capacity and that the psychological attitude is comparable in the two groups towards work. Return to previous work should never be excluded a priori in post-infarction patients with good clinical progress. PMID- 3243301 TI - Assessment of work capacity in patients with ischaemic heart disease: methods and practices. AB - Analysis of 1150 post-infarct and post-aorto-coronary bypass graft patients referred to the Toronto Rehabilitation Centre revealed that approximately 10% have not returned to work six months after the acute event. White-collar workers are more successful than blue-collar workers in resuming work, as are those medically treated as compared with the surgically treated. The reasons for prolonged unemployment were more frequently non-medical than medical. Detailed assessment is required where there is doubt about the patient's work capacity, or where legislation and/or trade practices demand it. The simplest procedure is an exercise test with energy cost matching. Telemetry during simulated work tasks or while on work stations in the Centre allows more flexibility, with actual observation and telemetry on the job site the only recourse in certain situations. PMID- 3243302 TI - Practical aspects of identifying and correcting worksite stress in post infarction patients returning to work. AB - The authors propose a dynamic 'man-work system' model, centered around the bodily strain, which is determined jointly by the momentary efficiency of the organism and the sum of stresses acting at a given point of time, i.e. integrated along various durations. With regard to stresses, they call attention to the heuristic significance of a separate subgroup, that of physiological stresses and also to the necessity of the distinction of a physiological subclass in the class of information stresses. The 'man-work system' is completed by positive and negative feedback from the strain and the components of efficiency, thereby providing the basis of successful or unsuccessful adaptation of the organism to the short- and long-term challenges. The authors are of the opinion that the system offers a sounder foundation for rehabilitative as well as preventive cardiology. PMID- 3243303 TI - Social fate and long-term survival of patients with a recent myocardial infarction, after cardiac rehabilitation. AB - The aim of this study was to assess the social fate (work resumption) and long term (four years) survival in 141 patients who completed a cardiac rehabilitation programme after a recent myocardial infarction. Out of the 100 patients who had been working up to recently before the myocardial infarction, 58 resumed their work. Of the predischarge evaluation (clinical data, resting radionuclide ventriculography, bicycle ergometry and 24-h ambulatory ECG monitoring) and bicycle ergometry after the rehabilitation, the only significant predictor of work resumption was a better exercise tolerance at discharge (P less than 0.02). Work was resumed by 68% of white-collar workers and by 52% of blue-collar workers. The four-year cardiac mortality in patients who completed the rehabilitation was 8.5% (N = 12). Four patients died during the first year. Clinical, ventriculographic and ergometric variables collected at hospital discharge, which were related to left ventricular dysfunction, were predictive of survival, while ventricular arrhythmias and markers of myocardial ischaemia were less predictive. The exercise testing performed after the rehabilitation programme was not useful for risk assessment. It is concluded that markers of left-ventricular dysfunction are predictive of a poor outcome; however, due to the low risk of patients who were referred to our rehabilitation unit and completed the rehabilitation programme, it seems reasonable for return to work to be based primarily on clinical information, exercise tolerance, and on psychological and social grounds. An additional extensive cardiological evaluation should be individually tailored for patients with specific symptoms. PMID- 3243304 TI - Ventricular ectopic activity during exercise testing in patients with myocardial infarction. The relation to severity of coronary artery disease and return to work. AB - Ninety-eight male patients with a first myocardial infarction aged 40-55 years were randomly assigned to either a control group or to a six-week intensive cardiac rehabilitation programme. An exercise test was performed at 8 to 16 weeks after myocardial infarction and thereafter every year for five years. Ventricular ectopic activity during exercise testing had no influence on return to work in the first year, although it was related to the development of angina pectoris. Angina pectoris was the only discriminating factor for return to work and in this group of patients cardiac rehabilitation did not show any influence. Possible reasons for this lack of effect are discussed. PMID- 3243305 TI - An experimental study of the relationship between image quality and spatial resolution for the gamma camera. AB - Many centres make regular measures of gamma camera performance as part of routine quality assurance programmes. Such measures may detect gradual deterioration in the camera but provide no basis on which to decide when corrective action should be taken. It is necessary to know when changes in camera performance are significant in terms of perceived image quality. In this work, one index of performance, the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the line spread function, was degraded in a controlled manner and the ability of observers to detect this change in the images produced was examined. Both simple and complex objects were investigated. A suitable decision criterion was suggested which indicated that changes of about 0.3 mm in the FWHM of the camera could be detected in the image. This figure was essentially independent of the complexity of the image, the initial FWHM of the camera and, above 300 k, the number of counts in the image. The way in which this type of experiment can help to establish a rational basis for gamma camera quality assurance programmes is discussed. PMID- 3243306 TI - Equations of simple kinetic models with Gaussian distributions in reaction constants. AB - The equations of some simple compartmental models obtained when the characteristic functional parameters are supposed to have a Gaussian distribution have been derived in the present paper. It is verified that for some of the studied models the curves that correspond to the equations of the system considering the functional parameters with a Gaussian distribution are different from those with constant parameters equal to the mean of the distribution. The alterations which can result from these distributions in some practical situations are discussed. PMID- 3243307 TI - Efficacy of 15-(123I)-p-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (IPPA) in assessing myocardial metabolism in a model of reversible global ischemia. AB - In a canine model of reversible global ischemia, the residual quantity of 123I was assessed following a bolus injection of 15-p-(123I)-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (123I-IPPA). This technique was used to assess changes in free fatty acid metabolism following the utilization of three cardioplegic formulations. Cardioplegic arrest was initiated with Tyers' iso-osmolar (IO) solution (Group A); IO + superoxide dismutase (SOD) (Group B) and IO + allopurinol (Group C). Pre and post operative scanning were completed with 2-5 mCi 123I-IPPA. Clearance was assessed by IPPA time activity curve analysis generating t1/2 (half lives in min) for the early and late phases of the curve. The assessment between groups demonstrated that the elimination of 123I-IPPA products (early phase) was faster from the lateral wall in groups B and C versus group A (14 +/- 12 min, 13 +/- 9 min and 24 +/- 10 min, respectively). The elimination of IPPA (late phase) was also faster from the lateral wall in groups B and C when compared to group A (240 +/- 270 min, 132 +/- 85 min and 416 +/- 238 min). Examining the changes between control and postoperative values for each area of the left ventricle within each group demonstrated no significant changes for groups B and C. Group A, however, demonstrated significantly increased t1/2 values for the lateral wall (early and late phases) and the apical wall (late phase).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243308 TI - Comparison of 16-iodohexadecanoic acid (IHDA) and 15-p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (IPPA) metabolism and kinetics in the isolated rat heart. AB - Time courses of radioactivity (residue curves) were obtained following bolus injection into working rat hearts of two 125I-labeled long chain fatty acids: 16 iodohexadecanoic acid (IHDA) and 15-p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (IPPA). Residue curves were analyzed in terms of a rapid vascular washout component, an early tissue clearance component, and a very slow late component. For IHDA and IPPA in control hearts, early myocardial clearance kinetics were rate limited by the diffusion of catabolites. Sensitivity of the kinetics to impaired fatty acid oxidation was examination by pretreatment of animals with 2[5(4 chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA). Decreased fatty acid oxidation was indicated in IHDA and IPPA residue curves by a decrease in the relative size of the early clearance component. Analysis of radiolabeled species in coronary effluent and heart homogenates showed that back diffusion of IPPA was slower than that of IHDA; this discrepancy was most apparent in POCA hearts. In vitro binding assays suggested higher tissue:albumin relative affinity for IPPA than for IHDA. Thus, IPPA early clearance kinetics were more closely related to the clearance of labeled catabolite(s) and were therefore more sensitive to the oxidation rate of long chain fatty acids. PMID- 3243309 TI - Evaluation of a new leukocyte labeling procedure with 99mTc-HMPAO. AB - A technique for labeling leukocytes with 99mTc using hexamethylpropylene amineoxime (HMPAO) was evaluated in vitro. The labeling procedure resulted in a cell bound fraction of radioactivity of 56% after 99mTc incubation and 96% after 1 washing of cells. In the final cell suspension 84% of the radioactivity was attached to the polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes constituting 94% of white cells. Only 5% was bound to residual red blood cells. The stability evaluated in autologous plasma showed a decline of cell bound activity from 96% to 84% over 3 h. The chemotactic function of PMN leukocytes was unaffected by the labeling procedure. These findings demonstrate that HMPAO, albeit cell unspecific, is efficient for labeling PMN leukocytes with 99mTc. The stability of the labeling procedure is high and the technique does not affect cell function. No other current 99mTc leukocyte labeling technique possesses all these qualities. PMID- 3243310 TI - False-positive granulocyte scintigraphy in a patient with acute leukemia. AB - This study describes a 12-year-old patient who was hospitalized because of arthritislike symptoms. A scintigraphy performed with in vivo labelled granulocytes revealed, in addition to a few foci, an abnormal intravasal persistence of the labelled cells. An acute leukemia was found that was restricted to the bone marrow. PMID- 3243311 TI - Excretion of radioiodine in human milk following a therapeutic dose of I-131. AB - An investigation of 131I excretion into human milk after a therapeutic dose of 5142 MBq (139 mCi) 131I, in a patient who has had a thyroidectomy is presented. During the first 36 h, 17.4% of the administered dose was excreted into the milk. In addition to the known radiation risk, this may affect the quantity of 131I retained by the thyroid and metastases. PMID- 3243312 TI - Functional pneumectomy by a saccular aneurysm of the aortic root. AB - This case report describes a patient with severe stenosis of the right pulmonary artery due to an expanding arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the ascending aorta. The clinical data and the lung perfusion ventilation scintigrams supported the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, and initially the patient was treated accordingly. PMID- 3243313 TI - Insufficient binding of monoclonal antibody Mabgc to granulocytes in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3243314 TI - MIBG versus HIPDM as a lung imaging agent. PMID- 3243315 TI - A patient study with radioiodine labelled 5-iodo-2-thiouracil. PMID- 3243316 TI - Theophylline pharmacokinetics following single and repeated administration of slow-release capsules. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile after single and multidose oral administration of a new slow-release theophylline formulation and the bioavailability at steady-state during two dosing intervals (5th and 8th day) in 6 healthy subjects. A dose of 6 mg/Kg (capsules) was given for the single and at fixed 12 h intervals during 10 days for the multidose schedule. Theophylline kinetics were best described by a one-compartment open model. After single dose the elimination half-life was 7.22 +/- 2.36 h, the Vd area/F was 0.50 +/- 0.07 l/kg and the total clearance/F was 0.86 +/- 0.24 ml/Kg/min, which was similar to results reported in other studies. Steady-state plasma levels were predictable from the kinetic data and were reached between the 4th and 6th dose, falling within the therapeutic range throughout the dosing interval. The percentage of fluctuation remained constant during both intervals, around 33 and 35% respectively. Bioavailability parameter values for the two intervals showed no differences either in extent or in rate. A circadian rythm was confirmed with the mean morning trough values significantly greater than the corresponding mean evening values. From these results it may be concluded that the formulation studied produces few fluctuations of theophylline levels during the 12 h interval between both administrations, thus permitting a good therapeutic cover in chronic therapy. PMID- 3243317 TI - Percutaneous absorption of 14C-labelled 2-chlorobenzaldehyde in rats. Metabolism and toxicokinetics. AB - 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde might be produced when a moist skin is exposed to the riot control agent CS. CS-hydrolysis to 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile occurs both in vitro and in vivo. No quantitative data have thus far been reported with respect to the percutaneous absorption and the cutaneous biotransformation of 2 chlorobenzaldehyde. Percutaneous absorption, biotransformation and elimination of 14-C-labelled 2-chlorobenzaldehyde was investigated in the rat. Following IV (25 microliters/kg) and IP (37.5 microliters/kg) 14C-2-chlorobenzaldehyde administration to rats, the plasma radioactivity declined rapidly over a 24 h period with similar plasma radioactivity-time profiles. Following cutaneous administration (75 microliters/kg) in a closed glass-cup on the skin a slow skin penetration occurred as indicated by plasma radioactivity levels. A slow increase in plasma radioactivity was followed by a slow decline of radioactivity in plasma over a 3-day period. Most of the radioactivity was found in the urine with low levels in faeces and exhaled air. The cutaneously administered radioactivity was also partly recovered from the glass-cup. For the qualitative and quantitative determination of metabolites in urine, a thin layer chromatography radioautography method was used. The metabolic patterns of urinary excreted metabolites following cutaneous application and systemic administration of 14C-2 chlorobenzaldehyde to rats were very similar. No parent compound was recovered from the rat urine. 2-Chlorohippuric acid was the principal urinary metabolite. Quantitatively, the urinary excretion of 14C-2-chlorobenzyl alcohol following cutaneous application differed substantially from that after the systemic administration. There was no evidence of storage in the skin or skin toxicity of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde following cutaneous application. PMID- 3243319 TI - An investigation of the metabolism of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine in man using a novel HPLC-ECD method. AB - The metabolism of an oral dose of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (SCMC) in man has been studied; the quantitative determination of SCMC, S-methyl-L-cysteine (SMC) and their sulphoxide metabolites (SCMCO and SMCO), in urine, was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD); the possibility of stereospecific sulphoxidation was investigated. PMID- 3243318 TI - Plasma concentrations of nicotine in rats during tolerance and chronic exposure studies. AB - A convenient GC/MS method for the quantitation of nicotine is described. Brief and rapid tolerance to the hypertensive action of nicotine was observed during acute administration. Rats continuously exposed to (+)- or (-)-nicotine for 6 days showed significant dose-related suppression of water intake and body-weight decreases for the initial 4 days; then water consumption slowly returned to control levels, while body weight increased, but failed to reach control levels. During the withdrawal period, water consumption rose to levels significantly higher than that of the tartaric acid and water controls. Body weight during the withdrawal phase continued to increase but remained below those of control animals. Blood concentration of nicotine during acute tolerance was found to be 64.3 +/- 17.8 ng/ml whereas the saline controls showed levels of 0.67 +/- 0.67 ng/ml. Nicotine levels which were not detectable before the administration of nicotine, were elevated and constant during days 1 and 6 of the infusion period (320 +/- 80 ng/ml of plasma) and fell to below levels of detectability 24 hr after the termination of the infusion. PMID- 3243320 TI - Absorption and safety of rectally administered phenytoin. AB - Parenteral phenytoin solution (Dilantin) was given rectally three times a day for three days to two beagle dogs. This was well tolerated, with no evidence of mucosal irritation noted either on endoscopic nor on rectal mucosal biopsy. When given in this manner, phenytoin is absorbed to a limited degree in canines. Parenteral phenytoin solution can be safely administered rectally, despite a pH of 12. Further study in normal volunteers is needed to assess the usefulness of this route of administration in situations in which the oral and/or parenteral route of administration is unavailable. PMID- 3243321 TI - Stability of disodium azodisalicylate (olsalazine) and metabolites in urine and faeces stored at different temperatures. AB - METHODS: The stability of disodium azodisalicylate, 5-aminosalicylic acid and acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid dissolved in distilled water and in urine or mixed with faeces to which HgCl2 was added, was studied at -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C and room temperature. RESULTS: In water, no marked differences were found between the three storage regimens. In urine, disodium azodisalicylate and acetyl-5 aminosalicylic acid were stable, while the 5-ASA concentration decreased when stored at 4 degrees C and room temperature. In faeces stored during seven days, a marked decrease in 5-aminosalicylic acid concentration to about zero was found when it was kept at 4 degrees C and room temperature. No marked change in the concentration of disodium azodisalicylate and 5-aminosalicylic acid added to the faeces-HgCl2-mixtures appeared. PMID- 3243322 TI - Coupling of TLC and UV-measurement for quantification of naproxen and its main metabolite in urine. AB - A simple sensitive method of high specificity and selectivity for quantitative determination of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen and its main metabolite, 6-demethylated derivative, in biological specimens is described. Like naproxen, its metabolite absorbs maximally at 232 nm; this makes their simultaneous quantification, via direct UV-measurements at lambda max, in biological fluids quite impossible. Simple TLC-separation on silica gel F254 using chloroform + methanol (85:15, v/v) achieved the best fractionation of the unchanged drug and its metabolite from the matrix-contents of urine. UV quantification of fractionated components could reach concentration levels of 0.2 3.0 micrograms ml-1 (ppm) in worked up urine samples. Varying levels of unchanged antiinflammatory drug and the phenolic metabolite could be accurately traced in urine samples following a 2.9 mg/kg oral dose after different time-intervals. Synthetic preparation of the metabolite by demethylation of naproxen is briefly mentioned. PMID- 3243323 TI - Influence of obesity on sulfonamide disposition in Zucker rats. AB - The genetically obese Zucker rat was used as a model of obesity and compared to its lean littermate to assess and quantify obesity-altered changes in the in vivo disposition of six sulfonamides. Body composition determination indicated that the obese rats were twice the weight of lean rats and a distinct trend towards an increase in fat free mass and total body water was observed. The sulfonamide blood concentration was measured by colorimetry after a 7 mg/kg intravenous dose. All sulfonamides exhibited a biexponential decline of blood concentration with time. The volume of distribution and clearance of sulfanilamide in lean and obese rats were similar resulting in similar elimination half-lives. A decrease in clearance coupled with a trend towards an increase in volume of distribution prolonged the elimination half-life of sulfadiazine in obese rats. For sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfisomidine and sulfisoxazole, increases in the volumes of distribution and clearances resulted in similar elimination half-lives in lean and obese rats. The free fractions of the sulfonamides were significantly increased in the serum of obese rats, the influence of which on the volume of distribution and clearance is discussed. PMID- 3243324 TI - Autoradiographic characterization of newly developed melanoic cell group different from the melanoic tumor piece embedded into a liver lobe of mice. AB - Secondary proliferous melanoic tumors grew at 100% of probability in a liver lobe of C57BL/6 mouse with a piece of B16 melanoma tumor embedded successfully in the lobe. Clear border between host liver tissues and the embedded tumor piece was observed 14 days after embedding. No division image was noted in cells of the embedded tumor piece. In all regions surrounding the embedded tumor piece, there were few accumulations of leucocytes, lymphocytes, or giant cells, indicating a strong likelihood of immune reaction or antigen-antibody reaction, although there was active formation of fibroblast bunds and production of lysosomal enzymes. Secondary proliferous melanoic tumors developed in the environment of liver tissue separately from the embedded tumor location. Results of 14C-thymidine nuclear labeling of embedded tumor cells showed that the majority of the labeled cells did not migrate or divide. In the case of 14C-thymidine-labeling of host liver tissue cells, results indicated no transfer of 14C-radioactivity into nuclei of embedded tumor cells, although there was positive distribution of 14C radioactivity into nuclei of proliferous cells in the secondary tumor, a newly developed melanoic cell group. When prelabeling was performed the average density of autoradiographic image over the secondary tumor was equivalent to that over the normal liver tissue at the early stage such as 7 days after embedding and decreased with time after that. The newly developed melanoic cells were particularly exciting and proliferous, because they received much more labeling of 14C-thymidine as compared to liver tissue cells that was provided by one shot labeling of the radioactive tracer 1 h. before sacrifice of tumor embedded mice. There was no development of secondary melanoic cells in the liver lobe in case of embedding of a tumor piece previously by wrapping with a membranefilter, less 5 microns in pore size. PMID- 3243326 TI - Pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of busulfan in rat plasma and brain. AB - Busulfan kinetics were studied in the rat plasma and brain after an I.P. dose of 14C-busulfan or busulfan (15 mg/kg). The distribution of busulfan to the brain was rapid and the ratio brain/plasma concentration was 0.74 during the time course of busulfan. The elimination half-lives in plasma and brain were 3h for intact busulfan and 8h for the 14C-radioactivity. The radioactivity remaining in plasma and brain after 24h was mostly busulfan metabolites e.g. sulfolane, 3 hydroxysulfolane and tetrahydrothiophene-1-oxide as identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The protein binding to rat plasma was low (9.2 +/- 4.4%). PMID- 3243325 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cadralazine in hypertensive patients. AB - Pharmacokinetics of cadralazine, urinary recovery of its putative active metabolite 3-hydrazino-6-aminopiridazine derivative (ISF 2405) and clinical effects were assessed in a placebo-controlled trial in 8 hypertensive in patients, after acute oral administration of cadralazine. After a 2-week placebo washout period, the protocol envisaged two consecutive days of monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate. On the first day a placebo tablet was given (9 am), while on the second day patients received a 30 mg cadralazine tablet in single-blind conditions. Blood and urine samples were obtained during the active drug day until 12 h after administration. Concentration of cadralazine in plasma and urine was detected by a specific HPLC method, while the metabolite ISF 2405 was detected in urine by a GC-MS method. Cadralazine caused gradual and long lasting pressure decrease, statistically significant in comparison to placebo between 3 and 12 hours from drug intake, accompanied by a significant increase in heart rate. Cadralazine by oral route was promptly absorbed with a mean peak time of 1.3 h. Thereafter it followed a monoexponential decay curve, with a plasma half life of 3.1 h. The relative different bioavailability of oral cadralazine among patients was not correlated with cardiovascular changes. Urine recovery of unchanged drug after 12 h was high, reaching 67.3%, while concentration of metabolite ISF 2405 was about 1/1000 of parent compound. PMID- 3243327 TI - Stereoselectivity, a natural aspect of molecular biology: a blind spot in clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3243328 TI - Comparison of vasorelaxants in human basilar arteries and umbilical arteries. AB - The vasodilatation produced by adenosine, sodium nitrite, and papaverine was compared on isolated human basilar arteries and umbilical arteries precontracted with 30 mM KCl or submaximal concentrations of serotonin and prostaglandin F2 alpha. The basilar artery was far more sensitive to the vasodilators than the umbilical vessel. Papaverine, for instance, was 133 times more effective (EC50 = 3.9 x 10(-6) M) in basilar arteries precontracted with KCl than it was in the umbilical artery (EC50 = 5.2 x 10(-4) M) and all dilators inhibited by at least 95% basilar arteries precontracted with serotonin or prostaglandin F2 alpha. In contrast, umbilical arteries precontracted with KCl or prostaglandin F2 alpha failed to relax significantly to adenosine and sodium nitrite at concentrations that exceeded 10(-3) M, and contractions elicited by serotonin were inhibited by less than 40%. The results support the concept that physiological mechanisms responsible for dilation in most vessels are deficient in the umbilical artery and that the deficiency may be related to the role this atypical vessel plays in closure of the extracorporeal circulation at birth. PMID- 3243329 TI - Neuromedin U octapeptide alters ion transport in porcine jejunum. AB - The gut neuropeptide, neuromedin U octapeptide (NMU-8) produced transient elevations in short-circuit current (EC50 = 0.7 nmol/l) after its contraluminal administration to sheets of porcine distal jejunal mucosa in vitro. Mucosal responses to NMU-8 were unaffected by 1 mumol/l atropine or hexamethonium, but were abolished by tetrodotoxin (0.1 mumol/l), dependent upon extracellular Cl, and underwent tachyphylaxis upon repeated peptide application. NMU-8 did not affect contractility of isolated jejunal longitudinal muscle. Thus, NMU-8 appears to selectively modify intestinal ion transport through interactions with non cholinergic enteric neurons. PMID- 3243330 TI - Stereoselectivity of the enantiomers of trihexyphenidyl and its methiodide at muscarinic receptor subtypes. AB - High stereoselectivity was observed for the enantiomers of trihexyphenidyl and trihexyphenidyl methiodide at muscarinic M1-receptors in field-stimulated rabbit vas deferens and at M2 alpha- and M2 beta-receptors in guinea-pig atrium and ileum, respectively. Considerably higher affinities (up to 1700-fold) were found for the (R)-(-)-enantiomers. The stereochemical demands made by the muscarinic receptor subtypes were most stringent at the M1-receptors. The (R)-(-) enantiomers were found to be potent M1-selective antagonists (pA2 = 10.1/10.6). They showed a 91- and 45-fold selectivity for M1- over M2 alpha-receptors, respectively. PMID- 3243331 TI - The mechanism by which calcium reduces blood pressure. AB - The mechanism by which exogenous calcium reduces blood pressure was investigated. The verapamil (300 micrograms/kg i.v.)-induced decrease of the mean arterial pressure in the conscious rat was prolonged by 400% by pretreatment with CaCl2 (300 mumol/kg i.v.). This ability of calcium to enhance the effect of verapamil was decreased by i.c.v. injection of EDTA (10 nmol/kg). In light of our previous reports, these results suggest that i.v. calcium reduces blood pressure by a central calcium-calmodulin-dependent mechanism. PMID- 3243332 TI - Caramiphen: a non-opioid antitussive with potent anticonvulsant properties in rats. AB - The effect of the non-opioid antitussive caramiphen was studied in the rat maximal electroshock test. Caramiphen produced a dose- and time-dependent blockade of tonic hindlimb extension and was nearly twice as potent as the prototypical anticonvulsant drug diphenylhydantoin. Pretreatment with a subthreshold-effective dose of caramiphen potentiated the anticonvulsant effects of diphenylhydantoin, lowering its ED50 33-fold. The anticonvulsant effects of caramiphen were not associated with its cholinolytic activity since (a) its anticonvulsant effects were not antagonized by physostigmine and (b) the more potent cholinolytic atropine was only weakly effective against maximal electroshock convulsions when tested at doses 25 times the minimally effective dose of caramiphen. Anticonvulsant effects of caramiphen were associated with minimal behavioral impairment. The results demonstrate that caramiphen is a potent anticonvulsant against generalized convulsions and, like other non-opioid antitussives, will enhance the anticonvulsant properties of diphenylhydantoin. It is suggested that the anticonvulsant effects of caramiphen result from specific binding to brain receptors labelled by the non-opioid antitussive dextromethorphan, and that the interactions with diphenylhydantoin involve allosteric interactions between the different binding sites. PMID- 3243333 TI - Heterogeneity of muscarinic autoreceptors and heteroreceptors in the rat brain: effects of a novel M1 agonist, AF102B. AB - The effects of oxotremorine and AF102B (cis-2-methylspiro-(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3') quinuclidine), a novel M1-selective muscarinic agonist, on acetylcholine (ACh) and dopamine (DA) release from superfused rat hippocampal and striatal synaptosomes were investigated. Synaptosomes that had been prelabeled with [3H]choline or [3H]DA were depolarized by high K+. Oxotremorine and AF102B decreased the K+-evoked [3H]ACh release from hippocampal synaptosomes and increased the K+-evoked [3H]DA release from striatal synaptosomes. The dose response curves showed that AF102B was far less potent than oxotremorine at the hippocampal presynaptic muscarinic receptors (autoreceptors). On the other hand, AF102B was more potent than oxotremorine at the muscarinic receptors on the striatal dopaminergic terminals (heteroreceptors). Pirenzepine, a selective M1 antagonist, counteracted the effects of oxotremorine on [3H]DA release more potently than it did the effects of oxotremorine on [3H]ACh release. Our results suggest that AF102B and pirenzepine discriminate pharmacologically between muscarinic autoreceptors and heteroreceptors. PMID- 3243334 TI - Positive effect of estradiol and progesterone in severe pre-eclampsia. AB - We have used estradiol benzoate (E) and Progesterone (P) for the treatment of severe pre-eclampsia and obtained good results in 8 cases. To assess the placental function, we serially measured leucine aminopeptidase (placental type, P-LAP) in serum. As a new trial, we used E and P in place of the hypotensive and diuretic drugs in 8 cases of severe pre-eclampsia. In a typical case, a patient at week 31 of gestation suffered from highly elevated blood pressure (190/130 mmHg) and proteinuria; at this time we started the treatment with E (20 mg/day) and P (80 mg/day), and continued it for 23 days with increasing doses. By this treatment the blood pressure was gradually decreased and the edema improved; the serum P-LAP increased gradually. At week 35, the P-LAP activity decreased suddenly despite the steroid treatment suggesting a placental dysfunction. At this stage we made Cesarean section and a male infant weighing 1.750 g (Apgar score 8) was delivered alive. Until now we have experienced 7 other cases of the successful treatment with the E and P. PMID- 3243335 TI - Serum fructosamine (alkaline-reducing activity) for evaluation of glycemic control in diabetic patients. AB - The values of serum fructosamine were significantly higher in 75 diabetic patients than those of metabolically healthy controls. Significant correlation could be observed between the glycated hemoglobin and serum fructosamine values in diabetics. Furthermore, significant correlations were established between the serum fructosamine values and the mean blood glucose as well as the mean 24 hours urinary glucose values measured 10-14 days previously in diabetics. Glycated hemoglobin values should be measured in diabetics for long-term assessment of glycemic control while serum fructosamine values could be useful in clinical practice for assessment of overall glycemic control of the previous two weeks in diabetic patients. Not only long-term glycemic control but medium-term alterations in blood glucose concentrations could be evaluated by simultaneous measurements of glycated hemoglobin and serum fructosamine values in diabetics. PMID- 3243336 TI - Distribution of subtypes of the BF system in type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. AB - In this study 148 type 1 diabetic patients (mean age: 33 years) and 100 type 2 diabetic patients (mean age: 57.3 years) were typed for BF subtypes by means of isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel (pH range 5.0-8.0) according to Geserick. The frequencies of BF subtypes and the distribution patterns were compared with 584 blood donors. In type 1 diabetics the distribution pattern of BF phenotype frequencies differs significantly from the data of type 2 diabetics and controls. The difference is mainly due to the frequent occurrence of the rare alleles BFF1 and BFSO7. The frequency of the two alleles amounted to 0.0338 and 0.0270, respectively. The relative risk of carriers of the rare alleles BFF1 and BFSO7 was 5.3 and 6.6, respectively. The study demonstrates a marked association between the early onset of type 1 diabetes (less than 20 years of age) and the BFF1 allele. There is no relationship between the rare variants of alleles of the BF system and the occurrence of proliferative retinopathy. However, there was no association between the rare variants of alleles of the BF system and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In summary, the study add further support for genetic heterogeneity of the BF system in type 1 diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3243337 TI - Daily iodine intake in healthy children and adults and in goitrous patients in nonendemic Yugoslav area. AB - Daily iodine intake has been investigated in 52 healthy children (5-14 years), 112 healthy adults and in 39 patients with nontoxic goiter from the area of Zagreb/Yugoslavia. Fourteen goitrous patients received 1-thyroxine 150 micrograms daily for at least three months before the examination. Iodine intake has been estimated on the basis of urinary iodine excretion (microgram I-/g creatinine) in the first morning specimen. Iodine excretion in nontreated goitrous patients (92 +/- 30; Mean +/- SD) was significantly lower than in healthy adults (112 +/- 38), while the value in treated goitrous patients (165 +/- 69) was significantly higher than that in nontreated goitrous and healthy adult subjects. The results suggest that Zagreb area, although classified as nonendemic, has borderline iodine intake, and that relative iodine deficiency is of importance in goiter formation. The authors plead for increased daily iodine intake through increased table salt iodisation from actual amount of 10 to 20 to 25 mg KI/kg salt in order to provide an average daily intake of 250 micrograms of iodine. PMID- 3243338 TI - Solubilization of rat kidney plasma membrane proteins associated with 3H aldosterone. AB - The treatment of rat kidney plasma membranes with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) did not essentially affect the ability of the membranes for 3H-aldosterone binding as compared with the intact plasma membranes (Ozegovic et al., 1977). A gel filtration of 3H-aldosterone-kidney plasma membranes complex on Sepharose 6B yielded 2 protein and 2 3H-aldosterone peaks. The proteins which were eluted in the first peak were associated with the first 3H-aldosterone peak while the second 3H-aldosterone peak was eluted with Ve corresponding to Ve of free 3H aldosterone. Spironolactone, a competitive antagonist of aldosterone, prevented the binding of 3H-aldosterone to the membrane proteins. The results demonstrated a high affinity of the kidney plasma membranes solubilized with SDS and a specificity of aldosterone binding to the plasma membrane proteins of higher molecular mass. PMID- 3243339 TI - Characterization of a small immunoreactive HCG-like component isolated from urine of a patient with choriocarcinoma. AB - An immunoreactive hCG-like substance with low molecular weight was isolated from the urine of a patient with choriocarcinoma and its characteristic properties were studied. The urinary hCG preparation was fractionated by gel filtration on a Sephadex G75 column and each fraction was assayed for hCG activities by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody to hCG (Mab-5D4). Two immunoreactive hCG peaks were obtained. One was coeluted with ordinary hCG and the other was eluted after hCG-alpha. After refractionation on the same column, the hCG peak (Ag-2) with low molecular weight was radioiodinated with 125INA and applied to an immunoaffinity column bound Mab-5D4 for further purification. The purified 125I-labelled Ag-2 showed a high binding activity to a conventional rabbit anti-hCG serum and Mab-5D4. This Mab had binding specificity to hCG, hCG beta and LH but not to hCG-alpha. However, this fraction did not bind to Mab-6E4 which possessed binding activities only to hCG, hCG-alpha and LH, nor to Mab-2F8 which was specific only to hCG. Autoradiography after SDS-Page of the immune precipitate which was made by 125I-labelled Ag-2 and Mab-5D4, revealed that the Ag-2 had a molecular weight of approximately 14,000 daltons. Lectin (LeH) affinity chromatography of the urinary hCG specimen from the same patient revealed that it contained two kinds of immunoreactive hCG. One did not bind to LeH column but the other did. A small immunoreactive molecule (Ag-2) was detected in the LeH-unbound fraction but not in the LeH-bound fraction. These results suggest that choriocarcinoma patients excrete in the urine a small LeH-unbound immunoreactive component which contains an antigen epitope common to hCG, hCG beta and LH. PMID- 3243341 TI - Electrophysiology of neurones projections from the rat A1 noradrenergic region to the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area: lack of effect of the oestrous cycle on their excitability. AB - The neuronal excitability of presumed A1 noradrenergic neurones in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) which directly project to the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area was analysed in pro-oestrous and metoestrous female rats under urethane anaesthesia. No significant difference was detected between the two groups for the antidromic activation threshold, absolute refractory period, frequency of successful antidromic propagation into the somatodendritic membrane, duration of post-stimulus inhibition, or spontaneous firing rate of these neurones. These results do not support the idea that the neuronal somata of A1 noradrenergic neurones in the VLM show a pro-oestrous increase in excitability during the oestrous cycle, although limitations of the methodology employed do not completely rule out this possibility. PMID- 3243340 TI - Hormonal changes in tamoxifen treated men with idiopathic oligozoospermia. AB - Three months of tamoxifen treatment of 43 men with idiopathic oligozoospermia, out of which 20 completed the study, resulted in a significant enhancement of sperm motility, but the improvement of sperm parameters was in no relation to the FSH response to short time tamoxifen treatment. There was a significant increase of testosterone, estradiol, LH, FSH, SHBG, 17 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone and also of 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione, an androgen of exclusively adrenal origin, during the treatment and (with the exception of the latter), on the first week after discontinuation of the therapy. Significantly elevated testosterone and SHBG concentrations were retained still 9 weeks after finishing of the therapy. The results confirm that tamoxifen treatment provides conditions more favourable for conception and demonstrate that also adrenal steroidogenesis is positively influenced by this antiestrogen. PMID- 3243342 TI - Effect of increased haemoglobin levels on growth hormone (GH) secretion in beta thalassaemia major: differences between prepubertal subjects and patients with delayed puberty. AB - Basal and L-dopa-stimulated secretion of growth hormone (GH) was investigated in 10 patients with beta-thalassaemia major. Five patients were prepubertal (chronological age 8 to 12 years), whereas 5 patients had delayed puberty (chronological age 15 to 19 years). Ten normal prepubertal subjects (chronological age 8 to 11 years) served as the control group. Each thalassaemic patient was subjected to two L-dopa tests (0.5 g L-dopa plus 0.7 mg/Kg body weight propranolol, orally): one was performed under conditions of low haemoglobin (Hb) levels (30 days after the last blood transfusion), and the second in the presence of increased Hb concentrations (10 days after the transfusion of packed red blood cells). Before the transfusion of packed red blood cells, basal GH concentrations were significantly higher in the patients with delayed puberty (4.3 +/- 1.6 ng/ml), than in prepubertal thalassaemic (1.8 +/- 0.9 ng/ml, p less than 0.05) and control (1.9 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.02) subjects. In contrast, the pituitary responsiveness to L-dopa, expressed as the relative maximum response for GH (GH delta %), was significantly higher in the latter two groups (8.5-fold, p less than 0.05, and 10.9-fold, p less than 0.02, respectively). The transfusion of packed red blood cells increased significantly Hb concentrations in both groups of thalassaemic patients (prepubertal +27%, p less than 0.05, delayed puberty +33%, p less than 0.025, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243344 TI - Do condoms measure up? PMID- 3243343 TI - Impaired growth hormone response to clonidine in obesity. AB - Clonidine, an imidazoline derivative, is an antihypertensive agent which reduces sympathetic tone by acting in the central nervous system to stimulate alpha-2 adrenoceptors. There is evidence that dopamine and norepinephrine modulate the secretion of GH. Stimulation of GH release is a well-known effect of clonidine in man. Obesity is characterized by an impairment of GH release in response to various stimuli. The aim of this work is to study GH release in response to alpha 2 adrenoceptors stimulation by clonidine in obesity. 12 volunteer obese subjects were studied. 10 normal weight subjects, sex and age matched, were controls. The GH responsiveness was tested with a single oral dose of clonidine (0.15 mg). Blood was sampled for GH radioimmunoassay at 0', 30', 60', 90', 120', 150', 180'. Serum GH basal levels were not significant different in obese subjects compared to controls. In obese subjects, no significant changes occurred in blood GH concentration after clonidine. In normal weight controls, instead, a significant increase of GH values was reached at 90' (P less than 0.05) and at 120' (P less than 0.05) after clonidine. The impairment of GH release after clonidine in obese subjects might be in a reduced serotonin release or in a failure of the hypothalamic-pituitary system to stimulate plasma GH caused by a diminished GH releasing factor stimulatory effect or by an excessive endorphin or somatostatin secretion in obesity. PMID- 3243345 TI - Marketing the condom. PMID- 3243346 TI - The characteristics and prior contraceptive use of U.S. abortion patients. AB - Hispanic women are 60 percent more likely than non-Hispanics to have an unintended pregnancy that they terminate by abortion, but they are less likely than nonwhites to do so. Women who profess no religion have a higher abortion rate than do women who report some religious affiliation; among the latter, Catholics are about as likely to obtain an abortion as are all women nationally, while Protestants and Jews are less likely to do so. One in six abortion patients in 1987 described themselves as born-again or Evangelical Christians; such women are half as likely as other American women to obtain abortions. Unmarried cohabiting women are nine times as likely as married women living with their husbands to have an abortion, and separated women are also at high risk. Other characteristics associated with an above-average likelihood of abortion are current school enrollment, current employment, low income, Medicaid coverage, intention to have no more children and residence in a metropolitan county. Half of all abortion patients in 1987 were practicing contraception during the month in which they conceived, and a substantial proportion of those who were not doing so had stopped using a method only a few months before becoming pregnant. The majority of abortion patients who had stopped using a method prior to becoming pregnant said they had most recently used the pill. Nonuse of a method of birth control among abortion patients is greatest for those who are young, poor, black, Hispanic or less educated. PMID- 3243347 TI - Why do women have abortions? AB - Most respondents to a survey of abortion patients in 1987 said that more than one factor had contributed to their decision to have an abortion; the mean number of reasons was nearly four. Three-quarters said that having a baby would interfere with work, school or other responsibilities, about two-thirds said they could not afford to have a child and half said they did not want to be a single parent or had relationship problems. A multivariate analysis showed young teenagers to be 32 percent more likely than women 18 or over to say they were not mature enough to raise a child and 19 percent more likely to say their parents wanted them to have an abortion. Unmarried women were 17 percent more likely than currently married women to choose abortion to prevent others from knowing they had had sex or became pregnant. Of women who had an abortion at 16 or more weeks' gestation, 71 percent attributed their delay to not having realized they were pregnant or not having known soon enough the actual gestation of their pregnancy. Almost half were delayed because of trouble in arranging the abortion, usually because they needed time to raise money. One-third did not have an abortion earlier because they were afraid to tell their partner or parents that they were pregnant. A multivariate analysis revealed that respondents under age 18 were 39 percent more likely than older women to have delayed because they were afraid to tell their parents or partner. PMID- 3243348 TI - The Baltimore pregnancy prevention program for urban teenagers. I. How did it work? AB - Two teams, each consisting of a social worker and a nurse, delivered the bulk of services in an experimental pregnancy prevention program for junior and senior high school students that combined school and clinic components. In-school components were classroom presentations, informal discussion groups and individual counseling; clinic services consisted of group education, individual counseling and reproductive health care. Eight-five percent of the total student enrollment had contact with at least one component of the program. More males than females were among the 15 percent with no contact. When estimates of chronic absenteeism are taken into account, the program is believed to have reached all students in regular attendance. Approximately 22 percent of staff-student contacts occurred in the classroom, and the remaining 78 percent were voluntary on the part of the student. About 68 percent of contacts occurred within the school, with small group discussions especially popular--they represented 41 percent of all contacts. The proportion of contacts that occurred in the clinic was highest among senior high females (46 percent) and lowest among senior high males (12 percent). PMID- 3243349 TI - Solubilization and interaction of naproxen with polyvinylpyrrolidone in aqueous solution and in the solid state. PMID- 3243350 TI - Complexation behavior of vinburnine with beta and gamma cyclodextrins in aqueous solution and in the solid state. PMID- 3243351 TI - Determination of optical purity by high-performance liquid chromatography of compounds of pharmaceutical interest. PMID- 3243352 TI - Quantitative high pressure liquid chromatographic determination of amiodarone in pharmaceutical formulations. PMID- 3243353 TI - [Interzonal transcallosal connections of the visual and parietal cortices]. AB - Interzonal transcallosal EPs induced by the stimulation of contralateral visual cortex were recorded all over parietal cortex and had two forms: positive negative and negative-positive ones. The former EPs had a greater latency and peaks of phases whereas the amplitudes of similar components of contrphasic potentials did not differ much. Negative-positive EPs disappeared after section of the corpus callosum whereas positive-negative EPs practically did not change. Analogous changes of contrphasic responses occurred after section of intracortical projections on the side of recording and/or on the side of stimulation. Interzonal transcallosal responses are characterized by a functional interhemisphere asummetry. The amplitude of early components of any EPs proved to be higher and the latency longer in the right hemisphere. The left hemisphere had a larger delayed positive wave. PMID- 3243354 TI - [Sex differences in the interhemispheric asymmetry of the transcallosal responses of the visual area in the cat neocortex]. AB - Interhemisphere of homo- and heterotopic transcallosal responses were studied in visual cortex of 12 male and 12 female immobilized cats. The right hemisphere dominated by the amplitude of homo- and heterotopic transcallosal responses in males, whereas in females an individual asymmetry of EPs was observed. The interhemisphere asymmetry was shown to be higher in males than in females. These findings are discussed in terms of sex differences of the morphological asymmetry of visual area and of the interhemisphere asymmetry of visual functions. PMID- 3243355 TI - [Development of short-term habituation in surviving brain slices]. AB - Effects of repeated stimulation with different frequencies (1, 5, 10, 100/sec) of the lateral olfactory tract on the field potentials (FPs) were investigated in the rat olfactory cortex slices. An increase in the frequency of stimulation produced a decline of the FPs. Spontaneous recovery of the FP amplitudes occurred within 5-10 sec following the termination of the stimulation. Polysynaptic FPs revealed a more obvious habituation than monosynaptic potentials. Depression of the inhibitory processes (the population IPSP) was also rapid and profound. The data obtained suggest the habituation phenomenon and are discussed in terms of learning processes. PMID- 3243356 TI - [Tonic afferent and efferent activities of the mesenteric nerves and their dependence on the motility of the small intestine]. AB - Acute experiments in cats have revealed that every successive contraction of the jejunum or ileum increases spontaneous afferent and sympathetic efferent discharges in small branches of mesenteric nerves. The increased sympathetic efferent activity either limits or suppresses the contraction of the intestine portion. The above interrelationships among neural links of the regulation is also maintained by the closing of peripheral reflexes in the splanchnic plexus' nodes. These and other relevant data suggested a mechanism of the self-regulation of the intestine motility. PMID- 3243357 TI - [Function of the anticoagulant system when difensin is administered into the blood stream]. AB - I. v. administration of defensin, nonenzyme cationic protein consisting of some peptides, to the rats with either activation or depression of anticoagulating system produced a moderate decrease of anticoagulating and fibrinolytic properties of the blood and did not intensify the depression of anticoagulating system. Neither did defensin affect the response of anticoagulating system when administered prior to injection of tromboplastin. These properties of defensin make it an efficient hemostatic drug. PMID- 3243358 TI - [Seasonal changes in the thrombocyte aggregation activity of rats]. AB - The seasonal variations of platelet functional activity were studied in normal rats and those under stress. A decrease of intensity of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was shown in autumn-winter season. In rats under stress the seasonal fluctuations of aggregation activity were fless obvious. The analysis of data on seasonal rhythms of hormones determining internal mechanisms of circannual biorhythms and their influences on platelet aggregation activity suggested that the decrease fo platelet aggregation activity in autumn-winter period was due to an increasing amount of thyroid hormones. PMID- 3243359 TI - [Effect of an increase in the blood flow through the vessels of skeletal muscle on its functional indices and oxygen demand]. PMID- 3243360 TI - A new cell line, GS, derived from a human renal cell carcinoma. AB - A new cell line, GS, of human renal cell carcinoma was established and characterized. It was derived from a metastasis of a human renal cell carcinoma, which appeared 6 years after nephrectomy. The GS cells exhibit basic characteristics of renal cell carcinoma: epithelial cell character, PAS and glycogen positivity, typical ultrastructural features. The cells have a pseudotriploid stemline with a modal number of 75 chromosomes and two marker chromosomes. GS cells formed neither colonies in soft agar nor transplantable tumours in nude mice but produced a factor(s) stimulating growth and colony forming activity of indicator cells. PMID- 3243361 TI - Application of mathematical model of immunological tolerance to HIV infection. AB - Our experimental model of immunological tolerance to non-reproducing antigens is based on the assumption that tolerance is caused by elimination or irreversible inactivation of lymphocytes reacting specifically with the tolerance inducing antigen, and that recovery from tolerance is due to the spontaneous maturation from the stem cells of new lymphocytes reacting with the tolerated antigen. The recovery starts, when the antigen is eliminated from the organism and does not induce tolerance in newly arising lymphocytes any more. Here we report the application of this model to the depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes in persons infected with HIV. This depletion seems to be effected either directly or indirectly by HIV products. Therefore, the dynamics of this depletion can be described by the equations characterizing the dynamics of lymphocytes exposed to tolerance inducing antigen, when HIV products are substituted for antigen. In contrast to non-replicating antigens, the concentration of HIV products increases, as the infection progresses. In consequence, the CD4+ lymphocyte depletion increases with time and its dynamics are reciprocal to those of tolerance to non-reproducing antigens, which decrease with time. PMID- 3243362 TI - The value of spraying cattlesheds in a control programme. PMID- 3243363 TI - Stabilization of Plasmodium knowlesi antigen for seroepidemiology of malaria. PMID- 3243364 TI - Fractionation of Plasmodium knowlesi antigen for seroepidemiology of human malaria by IHA test. PMID- 3243365 TI - Natural parasitic infections in anopheline larvae of Mandya district, Karnataka state. PMID- 3243366 TI - AIDS meets syphilis: changing patterns of the syphilitic infection and its treatment. PMID- 3243367 TI - Metastatic eccrine sweat gland carcinoma: case report. AB - Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma is a rare malignancy of skin adnexa with potential aggressive growth and metastatic spread. We report here a case of eccrine carcinoma arising on a finger with widespread pulmonary metastasis. A brief synopsis of the pathological and clinical aspects of eccrine sweat gland carcinoma is presented and currently available therapeutic modalities are discussed. PMID- 3243369 TI - Pitted keratolysis: a manifestation of human dermatophilosis. AB - A case of pitted keratolysis caused by Dermatophilus congolensis is reported. The organism was isolated from the lesion and identified by its morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. A survey of the literature revealed that it rarely causes human infections, but is a common causative agent of disease in domesticated and wild animals. Human infections reported previously were traced to contact with infected animals or contaminated soil. We report pitted keratolysis in a 44-year-old physician with no known history of such a contact. PMID- 3243368 TI - Atypical early syphilis in an hiv-infected homosexual male. AB - A homosexual male, seropositive to HIV and with previously documented syphilitic infections, developed a slowly growing nodule on his left wrist (possibly a chancre) followed, after 2 months, by a few scattered, large papular lesions. Serological evidence of active syphilis was obtained and treponema were identified in the initial lesion by means of immunofluorescent staining. Treatment with both aqueous crystalline penicillin G and benzathine penicillin G healed the lesions. This represents a further case of an atypical presentation of early syphilis in an immunocompromised host. PMID- 3243370 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis associated with relapsing polychondritis. AB - A 35-year-old woman developed typical relapsing polychondritis within a year following the onset of dermatitis herpetiformis. This occurred during a reduction in the dapsone dose regimen. To our knowledge, the coexistence of these two conditions in a single patient has not yet been reported in the literature. Both the parallel course and the good response to dapsone suggest a pathogenic link between these two diseases. PMID- 3243371 TI - White sponge nevus with epidermolytic changes. AB - A 42-year-old man with extensive white spongy lesions of the oral mucosa from childhood is reported. Histologic examination of two punch biopsies revealed many foci of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Similar lesions were present in one of his two brothers but he refused the biopsy. The problems of differential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 3243372 TI - Erythema nodosum and Berger's disease. PMID- 3243373 TI - Evidence for extracellular deamination of adenosine in the rat heart. AB - 1. In rat heart perfused with adenosine (10(-6) M), dilazep (10(-4) M) inhibited incorporation of adenosine into nucleotides (an index of nucleoside transport and phosphorylation) to a greater extent (70%) than metabolism to inosine and uric acid (40%) and actually increased the recovery of inosine to 30% of the adenosine infused. 2. Extrapolating for complete inhibition of transport suggested that 60% of adenosine metabolism was intracellular and 40% extracellular. 3. Static incubations of atria also gave an estimate for extracellular metabolism of 40%. 4. Adenosine deaminase was localised by immunocytochemistry to the extracellular surface of endothelial cells of small coronary arteries. 5. Extracellular deamination may explain the lack of effect of nucleoside transport inhibitors on responses to adenosine in rat heart. PMID- 3243374 TI - The isolation, characterization and amino terminal sequence of the vitamin D binding protein (group specific component) from mouse plasma. AB - 1. In order to establish a homologous system in which to study the interaction of mouse vitamin D-binding protein (MVDBP) with mouse T-cell lymphocytes, we purified MVDBP from mouse plasma. 2. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that purified MVDBP had an apparent relative molecular weight of 49,000. 3. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that purified rat vitamin D-binding protein (RVDBP) has an apparent relative molecular weight of 52,000. 4. The amino terminal amino acid sequence of MVDBP is shown below and compared with that of RVDBP. MVDBP: LeuGluArgGlyArgAspTyrGluLysAspLysValCysAsnGluLeuAlaMetLeuGlyLysGlu RVDBP: LeuGluArgGlyArgAspTyrGluLysAspLysValCysGlnGluLeuSerThrLeuGlyLysAsp AspPhe AspPhe While 21 out of 24 residues (87.5%) of the amino terminus of MVDBP are the same as those in RVDBP, residues 14, 17, 18 and 22 (underlined) are different. 5. The sedimentation coefficient of the protein, determined by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, is 3.8 for MVDBP and 4.1 for the rat VDBP. 6. The MVDBP purified in this study exhibits only one isoform on isoelectric focusing; the isoelectric point was 4.87 as determined on pH 4.0-6.5 isoelectric focusing gels (IEF). 7. The binding of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and three other analogs was investigated with a charcoal dextran assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243375 TI - Characterization of the interaction of ophiobolin A and calmodulin. AB - 1. The fungal toxin ophiobolin A reacts with the epsilon-amino group of lysine to give a conjugated enamine produce with lambda max at 272 nm and a molar extinction of 19,200 per M/cm. 2. Bovine brain calmodulin reacts with ophiobolin A to give a lambda max at 272 nm. 3. One mol of calmodulin reacts with two moles of ophiobolin A. Reaction of 1 mol of ophiobolin A inactivates 1 mol of calmodulin. 4. Ophiobolin A-treated calmodulin is resistant to tryptic cleavage at lysine 77. 5. Ophiobolin A also inhibits Dictyostelium calmodulin which has glutamine instead of lysine at residue 77. PMID- 3243376 TI - Valinomycin-induced chloride permeability in isolated rat liver mitochondria. AB - 1. Ionophore-induced osmotic swelling was used to study Cl- transport in isolated rat liver mitochondria. 2. Energy-dependent, neutral ionophore-induced swelling in Cl- salts at pH 7.2 required K+ and was preceded by a brief lag phase that was absent in chlorotributyltin-induced swelling. 3. Treatments that stimulated or inhibited mitochondrial K+/H+ exchange had qualitatively similar effects on both valinomycin-induced swelling and the associated lag phase. 4. The results suggest that valinomycin-induced Cl- permeability results from an interaction between the K+/H+ antiporter and neutral ionophore K+ complexes. PMID- 3243377 TI - Characterization of specific insulin binding sites on chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medulla. AB - 1. Insulin receptors were investigated in isolated chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medulla. 2. The cells were incubated with [125I]insulin in HEPES buffer, pH 7.8 at 15 degrees C for 180 min to obtain steady state binding. Specific binding was linearly related to the number of cells in the range 0.5-10 x 10(6) cells/ml. Insulin and proinsulin caused half maximal displacement of specifically bound tracer in concentrations of 0.18 and 2.46 nM, respectively. 3. Computer analysis of the binding data gave a linear Scatchard plot, consistent with a single class of non-interacting receptors with an affinity constant of 5.6 nM-1, the total number of receptors per cell being 1700. 4. The apparent MW of the insulin binding subunit of the receptor was 135,000, determined by affinity crosslinking and SDS gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. PMID- 3243378 TI - Bovine skeletal growth factor stimulates protein phosphorylation of chicken bone cells in vitro. AB - 1. Bovine skeletal growth factor (SGF), a potent bone cell mitogen, stimulated protein phosphorylation in cultured chicken calvarial cells. 2. SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiographic analysis of the cellular proteins indicated that [32P] incorporation was enhanced in several proteins in response to 10 ng/ml of SGF (the maximum stimulatory mitogenic dose for these cells). 3. Under conditions favoring tyrosine kinases, SGF stimulated phosphorylation of at least 6 proteins in crude calvarial cell membrane fraction, and caused a time-dependent stimulation of phosphorylation of angiotensin II by crude calvarial cell membrane fractions. 4. Thus, our data demonstrate that SGF stimulates protein phosphorylation in bone cells, and suggest that at least some of the protein phosphorylation involves tyrosine residues. PMID- 3243380 TI - Absorption of bile acids in dog as determined by portal blood sampling: evidence for colonic absorption of bile acid conjugates. AB - The intestinal phase of enterohepatic circulation, such as site and state of bile acid absorption, along the length of the intestinal tract has been speculated but not directly quantitated. In order to gain insight into the actual state of intestinal absorption of bile acid, the bile acid composition of portal blood from various segments of the intestinal tract was studied in dogs after loading endogenous bile acid by injection of caerulein. Total and unconjugated bile acids were determined with and without enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively. The amount of conjugated bile acids was calculated by subtracting unconjugated from total bile acids. Quantitation of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic and lithocholic acids and their conjugates was carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion monitoring with deuterated bile acids as internal standards. The major site of absorption of taurine-conjugated bile acid, a major conjugate form in the dog, was the distal small intestine. In addition, a considerable amount of cholic acid was found to be absorbed from the distal large intestine, the majority of which was still in the conjugated form. The pronounced absorption of the unconjugated secondary bile acid from the large intestine suggests the very active formation of the secondary bile acid in situ. PMID- 3243379 TI - Effectiveness of enteric-coated preparations on nutritional parameters in cystic fibrosis. A long-term study. AB - To evaluate the effectiveness of enteric-coated pancreatic enzyme supplements in comparison to conventional preparations of ingested enzyme on growth and nutritional parameters of patients with cystic fibrosis, we conducted a long-term study involving 40 patients. The data reproduced here were recorded after 6 months of therapy with powder-containing capsules or with enteric-coated products. Fat absorption was estimated by measurement of steatorrhoea with the steatocrit method. All parameters studied improved after enteric-coated pancreatic enzyme therapy, with a statistically significant increase in weight, cholesterol and haemoglobin values. Furthermore, the number of patients with positive steatocrit test was lower after therapy with enteric-coated enzyme supplementation. These findings suggest that the enteric-coated product not only reduces steatorrhoea, but above all improves the nutritional parameters and growth of patients affected by cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3243382 TI - Gallbladder emptying in duodenal ulcer patients having undergone Billroth II gastrectomy. AB - There is an increased incidence of gallstones in patients who have undergone Billroth II (BII) gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer. To explore the mechanisms underlying this, we examined changes in gallbladder volume induced by a meal and by intravenous administration of cerulein, in 13 BII patients and in 13 normal subjects. Gallbladder volume was measured by real-time ultrasonography. In the fasting state, gallbladder volumes were significantly larger in BII patients than in controls. The percent decrease in gallbladder volume after the meal was significantly less and maximum volume reduction observed throughout the study occurred sooner in BII patients than in controls. In contrast, the kinetics and magnitude of the reduction in gallbladder volume induced by cerulein were similar in the two groups. These findings suggest that the altered gallbladder response to a meal is due to impaired postprandial stimulation of gallbladder following BII gastrojejunostomy. PMID- 3243381 TI - Increased serum corrinoids correlates with disease severity and IgA levels in alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Relationship between increased serum cobalamin level and liver disease have been recently reported. In this work, levels of total corrinoids, cobalamin (vitamin B12) and cobalamin analogues and levels of IgA were determined by radioisotope dilution assay and nephelometric laser analyses. They all have been measured in superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and hepatic vein of controls and of alcoholic cirrhotic patients grouped according to the Child-Pugh classification. Compared with normal subjects, venous blood content of total corrinoids, of cobalamin and of IgA in alcoholic cirrhotics increased significantly with the severity of the disease (p less than 0.01). In severe, moderate, and mild alcoholic cirrhosis total corrinoids and cobalamin were, respectively, about 5-, 2-, and 1.5-fold higher than in controls, whereas IgA was 3-, 2.5- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively. The serum IgA level was significantly correlated with the level of seric saturated haptocorrin (r = 0.54; p less than 0.01) and with the seric total corrinoids (r = 0.39; p less than 0.01). In the absence of significant hepatic cytolysis, the enhanced level of seric corrinoids in cirrhosis could be partly explained by a competitive inhibition of the liver uptake of haptocorrin by circulating asialoglycoproteins, including IgA. PMID- 3243383 TI - Selective stimulation of in vitro limb-bud chondrogenesis by retinoic acid. AB - Embryonic exposure to pharmacologic doses of vitamin A analogs (retinoids) is a well-known cause of limb-skeletal deletions, limb truncation and other skeletal malformations. The exclusively inhibitory effect of retinoic acid (RA) on chondrogenesis in standard serum-containing cultures of limb-bud mesenchymal cells is equally well known and has provided a means to explore the cellular basis for RA-mediated skeletal teratogenesis. Recent studies showing that lower RA concentrations can cause skeletal duplication when applied directly to the anterior border of a developing limb, suggest that RA may have a role in normal limb development as a diffusible morphogen capable of regulating skeletal pattern. While RA treatment causes both, skeletal deletions and duplications are clearly different (if not opposing) effects, the latter of which is difficult to reconcile with RA's heretofore exclusively inhibitory effect on in vitro chondrogenesis. In the present study. RA's effects on chondrogenesis and myogenesis were examined in serum-free cultures of chick limb-bud mesenchymal cells and compared with its effects on similar cultures grown in serum-containing medium. When added to serum-free medium, concentrations of RA known to cause skeletal duplication in vivo dramatically enhanced in vitro chondrogenesis (to over 200% of control values) as judged by both Alcian-blue staining and [35S]sulfate incorporation, while having little effect on myogenesis. Higher concentrations inhibited both chondrogenesis and myogenesis. The results indicate that at physiological concentrations. RA can selectively modulate chondrogenic expression and suggest that at higher concentrations, RA's inhibitory effects are less specific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243384 TI - Analysis of cell-differentiation lineage in human teratomas using new monoclonal antibodies to cytostructural antigens of embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - Human embryonal carcinoma cells sometimes display the developmental potential of early embryonic stem cells. While available data do not clearly identify a counterpart of these tumor cells in normal development, previous comparisons of human embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac carcinomas indicated that these cell types are closely related, and suggested that embryonal carcinoma cells might resemble the progenitors of extraembryonic endoderm. To analyse further cell differentiation lineage in these tumors, we produced monoclonal antibodies to cytostructurally associated antigens of human embryonal carcinoma cells. Spleen cells from mice immunized with a detergent-insoluble extract of cultured human embryonal carcinoma cells were fused to NS-1 myeloma cells, and hybridoma supernatants were screened by indirect immunofluorescence on the immunizing cell line, then on a panel of cell lines derived from human embryonal carcinomas, yolk sac carcinomas, and a range of neoplastic and normal tissues. Monoclonal antibody GCTM-1 stained the nuclei of all human cells tested and served as a positive control; this antibody immunoprecipitated proteins of 85 and 66 k Da from human embryonal carcinoma cells. GCTM-2 recognized an epitope on a 200-k Da extracellular protein present on the surface of embryonal carcinoma cells, and stained the surface of visceral yolk sac-type carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma cells as well. Enzymatic analysis of carbohydrate residues on the GCTM-2 antigen revealed that it was a keratan sulphate proteoglycan, and suggested that the epitope recognized by the antibody lies on the core protein. In immunoblots, antibody GCTM-3 bound to a 57-k Da cytoskeletal protein expressed in human embryonal carcinoma. This antibody decorated filamentous arrays in cell lines from human embryonal carcinoma, visceral yolk sac carcinoma, parietal yolk sac carcinoma (endodermal sinus tumour), and adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma of the lung. Antibody GCTM-4 recognized a determinant present on a 69-k Da polypeptide, associated with a component of the lysosomal compartment, which was expressed in embryonal carcinoma cells, but no other cell type tested. The results with this antibody panel thus allow distinction between human embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac carcinoma, but provide further evidence of a close relationship between these cell types. PMID- 3243386 TI - Phenotypic and molecular characterization of inducible human neuroblastoma cell lines. AB - Two new neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines, NUB-6 and NUB-7, were established from recurrent and primary NB tumours respectively and identified conclusively as NB by their phenotypic characteristics, catecholamine production and N-myc amplification. The cell lines could be distinguished on the bases of distinctive growth patterns in monolayer culture and semi-solid media (collagen gel and agarose), neurite formation and their response to four classes of growth and differentiation modulators. The NUB-6 cell line consisted of two distinct cell subtypes, small typical neuroblasts and larger spheroid-forming cells, while NUB 7 was homogeneously neuroblastic. Class-I agents (dibutyrl cyclic AMP [dbcAMP], butyrate, and papaverine) inhibited growth of both cell lines, while only dbcAMP stimulated the formation of short neurites by NUB-6 neuroblast cells in monolayer culture and collagen. Of the class-II agents (vitamins), retinoic acid inhibited growth of both cell lines and stimulated formation of long neurites by NUB-6 cells and NUB-7 cells in later passages. In contrast, vitamin E inhibited growth of NUB-6 and late-passage NUB-7, but stimulated early passage NUB-7. The class III agent (nerve growth factor) resembled vitamin E. The class-IV agents (interferons; rIFN-alpha 2a and rIFN-gamma 1) inhibited growth of both cell lines in monolayer culture and agarose, but stimulated NUB-6 neuroblasts and early passage NUB-7 cells to form long neurites. Thus phenotypically distinct NB cell lines were established in vitro and shown to be differentially influenced by various growth and differentiation modulators. The potent effect of IFN suggests a role for these modulators in NB behaviour in vivo. PMID- 3243385 TI - Establishment and characterization of osteogenic cell lines from a spontaneous murine osteosarcoma. AB - Five clonal cell lines were established from a spontaneous BALB/c mouse osteosarcoma, and characterized. Four of these lines showed some similarities in morphology, in vitro growth properties, production of collagenous and noncollagenous extracellular matrix proteins and osteogenic differentiation. The cells formed colonies with characteristic differences in size and morphology in soft agar, and osteogenic sarcomas and metastases in syngeneic mice after transplantation. Ultrastructurally, cells in the transplant tumours showed marked osteogenic features. There were no osteoclast-like cells. The fifth cell line had somewhat different characteristics. All five lines expressed infectious endogenous murine leukemia viruses. Increased c-myc protoon-cogene expression was found in one cell line and c-fos expression at different levels in all lines. There was only very low expression of c-Ha-ras and no expression of c-Ki-ras and c-sis. DNA analysis showed the presence of newly acquired proviral genomes integrated at different sites in the cellular DNA. The results show that distinct osteogenic neoplastic subclones can be obtained from a primary mouse osteosarcoma. Although the clones exhibited an appreciable morphological, functional, and molecular diversity they retained the basic pathogenic properties of the tumour from which they were derived. PMID- 3243387 TI - Trend toward primary care. PMID- 3243388 TI - From the president: STFM. Reflections on generalism in medicine. AB - Issues concerning the role of the generalist in medicine are not new. Indeed, we live in a specialty-oriented society which tends to define generalism in terms of specialism. Yet, as Gotshalk states, "Where it (the general aspect of a problem) is not satisfactorily handled, all specialization is an improvisation of temporary stopgaps on the way to ever recurrent crises." PMID- 3243389 TI - Gender issues: family medicine's family secret. PMID- 3243390 TI - Effect of perceived malpractice insurance costs on the family practice career goals of medical students. AB - A questionnaire regarding perceived training and practice goals was distributed to 185 consecutive medical students interviewing for a 1986-87 internship at a community hospital in Southern California. Students were asked to estimate the dollar cost of professional liability insurance for a hypothetical family physician in the first year in practice performing low-risk obstetrics in Southern California. Family physician applicants who planned to do obstetrics estimated an initial average yearly premium cost of $16,406, whereas those not planning to do obstetrics estimated costs of $25,710 per year. Non-OB directed family practice applicants had a statistically significant (P = .0018) higher estimate of professional liability insurance costs. Average premium costs were obtained from three separate professional liability insurance carriers. Cost estimates of mature rates were not necessarily unrealistic, but student ignorance of significantly lower initial rates was widespread. The broad ranges of estimates suggested that subsets of students may be dramatically overestimating these costs. The data and direct questioning of students suggest that perceived insurance costs may affect training goals and career choices of medical students. PMID- 3243391 TI - Health locus of control and behaviors related to pregnancy. AB - A shortened form of the 18-item multidimensional health locus of control scale was used in a study of locus of control and health-related behaviors during pregnancy in a population based cohort of 255 postpartum women. A powerful other locus of control orientation was found to be associated strongly with a variety of social and demographic characteristics, and with several health-related behaviors during pregnancy. No strong associations were found between fate locus of control or internal locus of control and behaviors that facilitate health during pregnancy. PMID- 3243392 TI - Household smoking exposure--association with middle ear effusions. AB - Middle ear effusions are associated with hearing impairments which may result in abnormalities or lags in children's hearing, speech, and cognition. Treatment rather than prevention of this problem has previously been emphasized in the medical literature. While the risks of passive smoking on various aspects of health are now becoming accepted, little is known about the effect of smoke exposure on the middle ears of children. We evaluated the association between middle ear effusions and household smoke exposure in children seen in an outpatient office. A dose-response relationship was found between increasing household smoke exposure and the prevalence of middle ear effusions as indicated by abnormal tympanograms. An attempt to minimize smoke exposure via patient education may be one of the few means health care professionals have to effect primary prevention of this potentially morbid disease. PMID- 3243393 TI - Do family physicians 'prevent' cesarean sections? A Canadian exploration. AB - In Canada the rate of births attended by family physicians has declined in parallel with a rise in cesarean births. This reciprocal association has been most marked in those provinces with a relative abundance of obstetricians, a falling birth rate, and large metropolitan areas. Yet, the perinatal mortality rate, with one exception, is virtually the same in all provinces, both where the obstetricians provide most maternity care and where the family physicians play the dominant role. Thus, societal, environmental, and interprofessional issues have more to do with the rising number of cesarean sections and the decline of family physician-attended births than any objective measurement of quality of care. There is evidence that low-technology, high-continuity approaches for women at no anticipated risk are as safe or safer than the universal application of highly interventive care for all. This paper presents an attempt to determine if the decline in family physician-attended births in Canada is related to the rise in the cesarean section rate. PMID- 3243394 TI - Health promoting behaviors of family practice residents: do they compare with the general public? AB - To compare the health promoting behaviors of family medicine residents with those of the general population, data from a survey of 466 residents in the six-state south central region were compared by gender to data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS, 1985), adjusted for age, education, and income. The results showed that less than 5% of the family medicine residents were currently smoking cigarettes versus 28% of the NHIS respondents. Daily use of alcohol was significantly lower among men residents than NHIS men, 1.9% versus 13%, but was similar between women residents and NHIS women, 4.9% versus 4.0%. Residents were more likely to consistently use seat belts than the national study population, 74.3% versus 56.8%. There were no significant differences in weight or exercise patterns. However, residents reported a significantly higher incidence of personal or emotional problems during the previous year than NHIS respondents, 50.7% versus 37% for men, and 64.1% versus 49% for women, and were more likely to seek professional help. PMID- 3243395 TI - The effect of income projection on resident charges for services. AB - This study examined how family practice residents coded their patient care services, and whether feedback on coding patterns together with income projections would alter coding behavior. Current and future income projections were calculated using assumptions about the practice setting. The collected and calculated data were presented to the residents after the study period, together with a discussion of coding of patient care services and fees. The same data were collected three months and nine months later. There was no significant difference in coding patterns when comparing first- to second- to third-year residents. Six months after the information was presented to the residents, the percentage of brief visits coded decreased significantly, and the percentages of intermediate and comprehensive visits coded increased significantly. Twelve months later, the changes in coding patterns had reverted to the initial findings. This appears to be an effective approach that could be used elsewhere to teach coding of patient care services as part of a practice management curriculum. PMID- 3243396 TI - A self-scored medical history teaching technique. AB - A technique to teach second-year medical students to make diagnostic assessments from information gained in a medical interview is presented. This method involves having students read transcripts of actual interviews, write medical histories, and make medical assessments of the patient's problem without benefit of physical examination or laboratory data. Four lectures were given which discussed the relationships between symptoms and physical illness. Students wrote medical histories and made diagnostic assessments based on transcribed medical histories. They then discussed the medical and psychosocial aspects of the patient's problem with family physicians in small group discussions. A new self-scoring technique is described which gives students rapid feedback on their written medical histories. PMID- 3243397 TI - Teaching the differential diagnosis of common complaints to medical students. AB - Differential diagnosis of common complaints is a curricular area appropriate for family medicine. Not usually taught in medical school, it is an area in which family medicine faculty are competent and effective teachers. A new component of our sophomore family medicine seminars has been the use of cases that demonstrate problems in the differential diagnosis of common complaints and that illustrate important aspects of family medicine. Students are assigned textbook readings dealing with the differential diagnosis of the common complaint to be reviewed. For each seminar, a simulated patient is given a script dealing with a different common complaint. The student's task is to make the diagnosis and conduct an appropriate interview while being videotaped. We have also introduced a junior selective, "Differential Diagnosis of Common Complaints," that deals with 15 to 20 common complaints, rather than diseases. Both sophomore and junior students have particularly enjoyed the participatory and problem-solving aspects of the newly designed courses. PMID- 3243398 TI - [Clinical usefulness of endoscopy of the upper digestive tract in the aged]. PMID- 3243400 TI - [Pressor response to tyramine infusion in hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects with or without parental hypertension]. PMID- 3243399 TI - [Serum concentration of bile acids in HBsAG-positive asymptomatic subjects]. PMID- 3243401 TI - [Possible association between etiology of multiple organ failure and ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: description of a case]. PMID- 3243402 TI - [Recurrent urinary tract infections]. PMID- 3243403 TI - [Post-acute myocardial infarction rupture of the interventricular septum. A clinical case]. PMID- 3243404 TI - [Pepsinogen]. PMID- 3243405 TI - [Clinical staging of multiple myeloma. Comparison of 7 different systems]. PMID- 3243406 TI - [Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. A clinical case]. PMID- 3243408 TI - [Jaundice after heart surgery interventions in extracorporeal circulation. Retrospective study on 1042 patients]. PMID- 3243407 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of portal flow/total hepatic flow ratio in hepatic scintigraphy with 99Tc-phytate]. PMID- 3243409 TI - [Pharmacokinetic aspects of anti-hypertensive therapy]. PMID- 3243410 TI - [Proposal for uniformity of rules to follow in drafting and preparing the original typescript of scientific studies]. PMID- 3243411 TI - [Theophylline]. PMID- 3243412 TI - Treatment of the elderly hypertensive patients. PMID- 3243413 TI - [Evaluation of anatomical and functional changes in the left heart ventricle during the treatment with nicardipine: clinical significance of M-mode echocardiographic indices]. PMID- 3243414 TI - [Chronobiological study of ischemic attacks in angina pectoris at rest]. AB - The aims of this study were to determine if the hourly distribution of ischaemic episodes differed as regards ST segment elevation or ST segment depression during ischaemic attacks and differed as regards the degree of coronary atherosclerotic involvement. Twenty-four in-patient drug free subjects with angina at rest underwent ECG continuous Holter monitoring for periods varying from 24 to 168 hours. Four groups of patients were identified: group 1A: 6 patients with ST elevation and 0-1 vessel disease; group 1B: 6 patients with ST elevation and 2-3 vessel disease; group 2A: 3 patients with ST depression and 0-1 vessel disease; group 2B: 9 patients with ST depression and 2-3 vessel disease. During Holter monitoring, 301 ischaemic episodes were registered in group 1A during 576 hours; 173 episodes were registered in group 1B during 624 hours; 41 episodes were registered in group 2B during 528 hours. Using the single and population mean cosinor tests on the episodes of each group, considered as a whole, the following results were found: group 1A showed a circadian rhythm with acrophase at 4:03 a.m. (Fig. 2), group 1B showed a circadian rhythm with acrophase at 10:51 a.m. (Fig. 3), group 2A showed a circadian rhythm with acrophase at 11:15 p.m. (Fig. 5), while group 2B showed ultradian rhythms which lasted 7 and 13 hours (Fig. 6). The chronobiologic analysis of the distribution of the ischaemic attacks confirmed the existence of a circadian rhythm of ischaemic episodes in patients with ST elevation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243415 TI - Relationship between QT/QS2 ratio and angiographic severity of coronary heart disease. AB - The relationship between QT/QS2 ratio and angiographic severity of coronary heart disease (CHD) was determined in 99 patients who underwent coronary arteriography because of chest pain. Sixteen control patients with normal coronary arteriograms and normal left ventricular function and 83 patients with angiographic evidence of CHD were studied. QT/QS2 ratio and systolic time intervals were calculated from poligraphic recordings taken at rest. In control subjects QT/QS2 ratio was significantly shorter (0.91 +/- 0.04) than in patients with double (0.95 +/- 0.07; p less than 0.05 versus control subjects) and triple vessel coronary artery disease (0.95 +/- 0.05; p less than 0.05 versus control subjects). QT/QS2 ratio was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in patients with 3 areas or more of left ventricular abnormal wall motion (LV AWM) (0.98 +/- 0.05) than in patients with none (0.92 +/- 0.06) or just 1-2 areas (0.93 +/- 0.06) of LV AWM. Multiple regression analysis revealed no relation between the number of coronary stenoses and QT/QS2 (t = 0.86; p = NS), while a relation was identified between the number of asynergic segments and QT/QS2 (t = 1.99; p less than 0.05). A significant correlation was found between QT/QS2 and PEP/LVET (r = 0.39; p less than 0.001). Setting the upper normal limit at 2 standard deviations from the mean of control subjects (QT/QS2 = 0.99), QT/QS2 criterion yielded a 30% sensitivity, a 94% specificity and a 96% predictive accuracy in diagnosing CHD. We conclude that in CHD patients QT/QS2 ratio is influenced by the extension of LV AWM. Although a low sensitivity may limit its use, a QT/QS2 value higher than 0.99 in a patient with chest pain strongly suggests CHD and thus this criterion may be diagnostically useful. PMID- 3243416 TI - [Cardiological problems in thalassemia major]. PMID- 3243417 TI - [Pacemaker malfunctioning caused by subcutaneous emphysema]. AB - We report a case of early pace-maker malfunction associated with a collection of air which separates the anodal contact plate of a unipolar permanent generator from the underlying tissues. The air pocket resulted from a complication of the percutaneous technique used to introduce the electrocatheter through the subclavian vein. Loss of capture was attributed to a critical increase in impedance to current flow in the pacing system. The malfunction was corrected by simple non-invasive procedures at the patient's bedside. Air pocket can cause the loss of stimulation of the pace-maker. PMID- 3243418 TI - [Echocardiographic and color Doppler diagnosis in congenital aneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrous tissue]. AB - We describe the case of a 12-years-old boy, who had an echocardiogram for sports fitness. The echocardiographic image showed a small probably congenital aneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa. The diagnosis of this rare anomaly was made possible by the combination of bidimensional echocardiographic and Color Doppler information. PMID- 3243419 TI - [Italian experience in the International Prospective Primary Prevention Study in Hypertension (IPPPSH-Italy). Research structure and organizational criteria]. PMID- 3243420 TI - [Percutaneous brachial approach in left cardiac catheterization]. PMID- 3243421 TI - Codon usage as a reason for unsuccessful search for amber-suppressor mutants in Streptomyces lividans? PMID- 3243422 TI - A steep cline for mitochondrial DNA in Danish mice. PMID- 3243423 TI - The localization of G6pd, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and mdx, muscular dystrophy in the mouse X chromosome. PMID- 3243424 TI - The genes for two neuromuscular diseases of the mouse, 'arrested development of righting response', adr, and 'myotonia', mto, are allelic. PMID- 3243425 TI - The genetics of tasting in mice. V. Glycine and cycloheximide. PMID- 3243426 TI - The coalescent in two partially isolated diffusion populations. PMID- 3243427 TI - Sequential study of the synaptonemal complex in rat (Rattus norvegicus) oocytes by light and electron microscopy. AB - The progression of first meiotic prophase and synaptonemal complex (SC) formation in female rats, Rattus norvegicus S.D., is described through the analysis of the different stages of the first meiotic prophase, and confirms the high synchrony of the process in this species. Leptotene is a stage of very short duration and since pairing of the homologues begins very early, only a leptotene-zygotene stage can be distinguished. The progression of pairing during zygotene is asynchronous. The morphology of the SCs is similar to that described in other species. During diplotene and before disintegration of the lateral elements, desynapsis takes place. In some oocytes a double or even multiple nature of lateral elements was seen. Associations between SCs and nucleoli or nucleolar filaments are frequent. The presence of fragmented SCs can be interpreted as a technical artifact. PMID- 3243428 TI - Nucleotide sequence 3' to the human c-myc oncogene; presence of a long inverted repeat. PMID- 3243429 TI - Mechanism of puf mRNA degradation: the role of an intercistronic stem-loop structure. AB - The puf photosynthesis operon of Rhodobacter capsulatus encodes two major classes of mRNA: operon-length pufBALMX transcripts and short pufBA messages. The pufBA messages, which end in a large intercistronic stem-loop structure, are long-lived processing products of the puf operon transcripts. Decay of the labile pufLMX segment of the operon-length transcripts begins with non-random endonucleolytic cleavage well downstream of the intercistronic hairpin structure. This hairpin, which is necessary but insufficient for the stability of the RNA segment upstream of it, appears to function as an mRNA decay terminator that protects the upstream pufBA segment from 3' exonucleolytic propagation of the initial degradative event. The comparative stability of the pufBA mRNA segment depends not only on the presence of this stem-loop structure, but also on the relative resistance of the pufBA segment to endonuclease attack. PMID- 3243431 TI - Identification of a translation inhibitory element (TIE) in the 3' untranslated region of the human interferon-beta mRNA. AB - We have previously reported that the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the human interferon-beta mRNA has an inhibitory effect on the mRNA translation both in vitro, in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate, and in vivo, in the Xenopus oocyte. In the present study, we identify the sequence in the 3' UTR which is responsible for this translation inhibition. We show that this sequence is located between the 100th and 161st nucleotides downstream from the translation stop codon. It contains several repeats of the A + U-rich consensus octanucleotide UUAUUUAU, which is also present in the 3' UTR of several mRNAs involved in the inflammatory response. We also demonstrate here that the inhibitory effect of the sequence on the mRNA translation does not depend on its position in relation to the termination codon. However, no inhibition of translation is observed when this sequence is inserted in the 5' UTR of the mRNA. The removal of the translation inhibitory sequence not only improves the mRNA translation in Xenopus oocytes but it also strongly decreases the IFN-beta mRNA stability in those cells. This suggests that, in this system at least, the mRNA degradation is linked to its translational efficiency. PMID- 3243430 TI - The Drosophila hsp70 message is rapidly degraded at normal temperatures and stabilized by heat shock. AB - When heat-shocked Drosophila cells are returned to normal temperatures, heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis is repressed and normal protein synthesis is restored. The repression of HSP70 synthesis is accompanied by the selective degradation of its mRNA. We have engineered cells to produce a modified hsp70 mRNA that behaves exactly as the wild-type message. That is, it is stable during heat shock but degraded during recovery when protein synthesis returns to normal. When this message, placed under the control of the metallothionein promoter, is induced at normal temperatures it is rapidly degraded, with a half life of 15-30 min. Apparently, the hsp70 message is inherently unstable. During heat-shock, degradation of the message is suspended; during recovery degradation is restored. PMID- 3243432 TI - Symmetric transcription of the replication origin of rat mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 3243433 TI - Synthesis of phosphorothioate analogues of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and their antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AB - Nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate analogues of oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) were synthesized by sulfurization of either internucleoside phosphite linkages, in a repetitive manner during chain extension, or internucleoside hydrogen phosphonate linkages, in a single step following chain assembly. These analogues were tested as antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In a cytopathic effect inhibition assay using HIV-uninfected susceptible T cells (tetanus toxoid-specific normal T cells) co-cultured with irradiated chronically HIV-infected cells, phosphorothioate oligomers inhibited the cytopathic effect and replication of several isolates of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Thus phosphorothioate analogues of oligos could inhibit cell-to-cell transmission of the virus as well as the infection by cell-free virus particles and also could inhibit a variety of isolates of human retroviruses. PMID- 3243434 TI - Analysis of RNA structures by temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis: viroid replication and processing. AB - The structure and structural transitions of single-stranded RNA were investigated by energy calculations and temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis. Most experiments have been carried out on RNA of mature viroids and their replication intermediates, which are RNA (-) strand oligomers and RNA (+) strand oligomers. The technique of temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis proved to be particularly useful for analysing co-existing structures. The secondary structure of lowest free energy for unit length and oligomeric replication intermediates is an extended rod-like structure similar to that of the mature circular viroid. When this structure is used as a model for calculations, there is a large degree of agreement between theoretical and experimental curves. Under particular solution conditions, however, (+) strand oligomers undergo a rearrangement from the extended structure to a branched structure, in which every two units form a region of three helices, together 28 bp long. This structure is called the tri helical structure. The process of structure formation during the synthesis of oligomers could be followed: at first, a transient multi-branched structure is formed which is then transformed into the extended and the tri-helical structures. The region of the three stable helices serves to divide up the oligomeric (+) strand into structural units which may be recognized by cleavage and ligation enzymes, and be processed into circular mature viroids. Co transcription of complementary (+) and (-) strands shows that energetically favored double-strand formation may at least partially be prohibited by stable secondary structures of the single strands. Natural replication intermediates have been analysed in respect to their subcellular location and their size distribution. They are associated with the nucleoli as was found earlier for mature viroids. Natural (-) strand oligomers are larger than (+) strand oligomers; both types show a periodicity in the size distribution of two units. The models of the structures, which are involved in viroid processing, are in accordance with recent infectivity data and with the results on natural replication intermediates. PMID- 3243435 TI - CLUSTAL: a package for performing multiple sequence alignment on a microcomputer. AB - An approach for performing multiple alignments of large numbers of amino acid or nucleotide sequences is described. The method is based on first deriving a phylogenetic tree from a matrix of all pairwise sequence similarity scores, obtained using a fast pairwise alignment algorithm. Then the multiple alignment is achieved from a series of pairwise alignments of clusters of sequences, following the order of branching in the tree. The method is sufficiently fast and economical with memory to be easily implemented on a microcomputer, and yet the results obtained are comparable to those from packages requiring mainframe computer facilities. PMID- 3243436 TI - Isolation, characterization and sequencing of a novel repetitive DNA from the mung bean Vigna radiata. AB - A family of highly reiterated, small (approx. 300 bp) sequences has been identified in DNA of the mung bean Vigna radiata. The members are extensively interspersed throughout the chromosomes with some clustering. They also occur extrachromosomally. There is no tissue-specificity to the repeat family but it is highly species-specific. The repetitive DNA hybridizes to total RNA as well as to polyadenylated RNA isolated from germinated mung beans. It has analogy with the human AluI family in the mode of isolation, size, genomic distribution, copy number and transcribability though they do not share any sequence homology. A repetitive DNA clone was selected from a shotgun genomic library of mung bean DNA in pBR322. The average copy number of the cloned repeat is estimated to be 8 x 10(4) per haploid genome, and thus constitutes approx. 5% of the total mung bean genome. The genomic organization and transcription of the cloned repeat is reported. Sequencing of the cloned repetitive DNA reveals the presence of the number of direct and inverted repeats and some short palindromic sequences. PMID- 3243437 TI - Cloning full-length cDNA of grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus. AB - Full-length cDNA copies of the genomic RNAs of grapevine chrome mosaic virus were obtained and cloned in Escherichia coli by a one-step procedure. The cloning protocol included size selections by agarose-gel electrophoresis of both the single-stranded and the double-stranded full-length cDNAs. First-strand cDNA synthesis was primed with oligodeoxythymidine while second-strand synthesis was primed with specific synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, allowing cloning of the 3' poly(A) and of the last 5' nucleotides of the viral RNA template. For the 7.2-kb and 4.4-kb viral RNAs, up to 20% and 80%, respectively, of the clones were found to be full-length. Even for large templates, this procedure allows fast and efficient cloning of full-length cDNAs. PMID- 3243438 TI - Cloning, nucleotide sequence and characterization of genes encoding naphthalene dioxygenase of Pseudomonas putida strain NCIB9816. AB - We have cloned the naphthalene dioxygenase(ND)-coding genes from Pseudomonas putida strain NCIB9816 based on their ability to convert indole to indigo. The region coding for this enzyme activity was sequenced and three successive open reading frames were found. The corresponding gene products were identified using the T7 polymerase/promoter system. All of them are necessary for the ND activity. A comparison of the ND-coding genes with the ones coding for benzene dioxygenase revealed significant homology which was more pronounced at the nucleotide level than at the amino acid level. PMID- 3243439 TI - Synthesis of a gene coding for an insect-specific scorpion neurotoxin and attempts to express it using baculovirus vectors. AB - We have explored the possibility of improving baculovirus pesticides by incorporating an insect-specific neurotoxin gene into a baculovirus genome. A 112 bp gene (BeIt) encoding insectotoxin-1 of the scorpion Buthus eupeus was synthesized and cloned in Escherichia coli. For expression, BeIt was transferred to the DNA genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV). Three different recombinant AcMNPVs, carrying BeIt under the control of the strong AcMNPV polyhedrin promoter, were constructed and expression of BeIt was monitored upon infection of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf) cells. Toxin expression was low using a recombinant virus in which BeIt was inserted 6 nucleotides (nt) downstream from the intact polyhedrin mRNA leader. More expression was observed when a signal-peptide was attached in-frame to the N terminus of BeIt. The highest level of expression was observed with a fusion gene comprised of the 58 N terminal codons of polyhedrin fused to BeIt; however, the level of expression was ten- to twenty-fold below that for polyhedrin. Polyhedrin promoter-directed transcripts of all three recombinants accumulated to levels similar to those of wild-type polyhedrin transcripts, indicating that the limitation to expression of unfused BeIt was not at the level of transcription but rather at the posttranscriptional level including translation or protein stability. Paralytic activity of the toxin products was not detected. PMID- 3243441 TI - Death education and research: critical perspectives. PMID- 3243440 TI - The structure of the human thyrotropin beta-subunit gene. AB - We have determined and characterized the entire structure of the human thyrotropin beta-subunit (TSH beta) gene. It is 4.5 kb in size and separated into three exons. Primer extension analysis showed one transcription start point, and S1 mapping analysis showed two blocks of polyadenylation sites in normal pituitaries. The same transcripts were observed in TSH-producing adenomas. The 5' flanking region contains two 'TATA' boxes, two 'CAAT' boxes, and two sequences similar to the cyclic AMP-responsive elements. PMID- 3243442 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of a new vitreous enamel used in drinking water supply systems]. PMID- 3243443 TI - [Physiologic and hygienic prerequisites for the development of criteria of professional aptitude of adolescents for operating sewing machines]. PMID- 3243444 TI - [Hygienic substantiation of the size of classrooms for 6-year-old schoolchildren in general education schools]. PMID- 3243445 TI - [Vitamin C requirements of schoolchildren and vocational school and secondary school students in various seasons of the year]. PMID- 3243446 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of environmental factors on the health of the population]. PMID- 3243447 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of polymer foam materials]. PMID- 3243448 TI - [Classification of dusts with regard to the degree of fibrogenicity]. PMID- 3243449 TI - [Status of lipid metabolism in the administrative personnel of the ministries and departments]. PMID- 3243450 TI - [The role of outpatient services in the prevention of smoking]. PMID- 3243451 TI - [Spectrographic analysis of silicon in biological specimens]. PMID- 3243452 TI - [A method of evaluating industrial strains of microorganisms in the microbiological synthesis industry]. PMID- 3243453 TI - [Use of a method of systematic analysis for intensification of hygienic studies]. PMID- 3243454 TI - [Development of the motor working capacity of vocational school and secondary school students in Lodz]. PMID- 3243455 TI - [Sanitary and chemical analysis and toxicologic and hygienic evaluation of ethyl acrylate in the air]. PMID- 3243457 TI - [Rational work and recreation schedules of physicians and therapists during their work shift]. PMID- 3243456 TI - [Hygienic substantiation of the maximum permissible level of phosphorus thiotrichloride in reservoir water]. PMID- 3243458 TI - [Achieving the optimal functional state in younger schoolchildren by alternating their posture in the classroom]. PMID- 3243459 TI - [Sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions in the manufacture of grass meal]. PMID- 3243460 TI - [Gonadotoxic effect of dicurine after its intragastric administration by tube and with food]. PMID- 3243461 TI - [Inactivation of the thermostabile exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis by soil microorganisms]. PMID- 3243462 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the water supply in the North]. PMID- 3243464 TI - [Physiologic and hygienic evaluation of the work of river transport workers during the navigation period]. PMID- 3243463 TI - [Experimental study of the biological effect of salts of hydrofluosilicic acid]. PMID- 3243465 TI - [Processes of sorption and desorption of chlorophos as criteria of health hazards for the population]. PMID- 3243466 TI - [Evaluation of the internal irradiation of humans after inhalation of radionuclides]. PMID- 3243467 TI - [Formalized evaluation of the types of bioprocesses under the effect of environmental factors]. PMID- 3243468 TI - [Microflora of contaminated water reservoirs]. PMID- 3243469 TI - [Possibility of the development of low-waste production of sera and the rational use of recycled materials]. PMID- 3243470 TI - [Development of professionally significant qualities in adolescents during their training as radio assemblers]. PMID- 3243471 TI - [Functional status of the central nervous system of students during the process of learning and adaptation to the conditions of Western Siberia]. PMID- 3243472 TI - [Content, distribution and use of existing information systems at an urban sanitary epidemiologic station under conditions of centralization]. PMID- 3243473 TI - [The role of social and professional factors in the activities of physicians]. PMID- 3243474 TI - [The February (1988) Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee and the objectives of public health]. PMID- 3243475 TI - [Study of age-related reactivity of animals for the rapid evaluation of biological properties of water in contact with polymers]. PMID- 3243476 TI - [Hygienic problems of protecting the environment in relation to the production and use of microbiological products for plant protection]. PMID- 3243477 TI - [The role of the public health physician in preventing the spread of zoonoses from industrial swine-breeding complexes in the environment and among the population]. PMID- 3243478 TI - [Problems of improving the planning and construction of sanitary epidemiologic stations]. PMID- 3243479 TI - [Toxicologic characteristics and properties of the allergenic effect of organic heat transfer agents]. PMID- 3243480 TI - [A compensatory low-energy shift in the respiration of liver mitochondria exposed to a detergent]. PMID- 3243482 TI - [Methodologic approach to the detection and evaluation of early signs of unfavorable effects of occupational factors on health]. PMID- 3243481 TI - [Characteristics of the functional status of the cardiovascular system of female workers at an assembly plant]. PMID- 3243484 TI - [Reaction of the body to irradiation of the eye by low-intensity laser rays of the near infrared spectrum]. PMID- 3243483 TI - [Chronic dust-induced lung disease]. PMID- 3243485 TI - [Criteria of the evaluation of thermal status of persons living in humid, hot and moderate climate]. PMID- 3243486 TI - [Substantiation of hygienic requirements for microclimate conditions using a radiant low-temperature heating system]. PMID- 3243487 TI - [Effect of elevated temperature on animals' sensitivity to n-pentane, n-hexane, n heptane, n-octane and toluene and their distribution in the tissues]. PMID- 3243488 TI - [Use of a chromatographic model for predicting the toxicity and hazards of non electrolytes]. PMID- 3243489 TI - [The role of the occupational environment in the development of diseases of the knee joints in miners working in the mining of thin coal layers]. PMID- 3243490 TI - [Roentgenologic diagnosis of bone lesions in divers using densitometry]. PMID- 3243491 TI - [The main propositions for the elaboration of an alternative system of occupational medicine in the Estonian SSR]. PMID- 3243492 TI - [Clinico-biochemical and physiological changes in workers of pre-retirement and retirement age in the synthetic rubber factory]. PMID- 3243493 TI - [Improving working conditions during the use of electroerosion equipment in the trimming and stripping of diamond wheels]. PMID- 3243494 TI - [Incidence of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange in the lymphocytes of workers in the aluminum industry]. PMID- 3243495 TI - [Use of liquid chromatography for the identification of metabolites of active azo dyes on a base of cyanuric chloride]. PMID- 3243496 TI - [Characteristics of toxicokinetics of ammonium thiocyanate]. PMID- 3243497 TI - [Data regarding the substantiation of MPEL of fungicides phyton (cartocide) and phyton C (cercocide) in the air of the work area]. PMID- 3243498 TI - [Toxicologic and hygienic characteristics of prospective pheromones in the air of the work area]. PMID- 3243499 TI - [Hygienic standardization of monochloracetic acid chloranhydride in the air of the work area]. PMID- 3243500 TI - [A case of acute methylchlorformiate poisoning]. PMID- 3243501 TI - [Neurologic syndromes in patients with acute radiation sickness of extreme severity]. PMID- 3243502 TI - Suppressions of ischemic paw oedema in mice, rats and guinea pigs by superoxide dismutases from different sources. AB - Various sources of superoxide dismutases (SOD) suppressed ischaemic paw oedemata (tourniquet poditis) of mice, rats and guinea pigs with different potencies. Intravenous (i.v.) dosing of mouse Cu,Zn-SOD had no effect on mouse ischaemic oedema, yet rat and guinea pig Cu,Zn-SOD suppressed ischaemic oedemata of rats and guinea pigs. Homologous SOD was anti-inflammatory at least in these two models. Guinea pig SOD was one of the most potent in all models, but showed a very narrow range of effective dose. This bell-shape suppressive pattern was ameliorated by concomitant catalase injection. Bovine and human Cu,Zn-SOD had a rather broad range of effective dose. Bacterial Mn-SODs were suppressive in mice, as well as the oxygen radical scavenger MK-447 and cytochrome c. Dexamethasone was effective only when administered more than 3 hrs in advance. As ischaemic paw oedema of mice was not sensitive to cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors, this model could serve for screening new types of anti-inflammatory or anti ischaemic drugs. PMID- 3243503 TI - Photocatalyzed anaerobic oxidation of nicotinamide coenzyme dimers to NAD+ by adriamycin. AB - The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dimers (NAD)2 obtained by electrochemical reduction of NAD+ are oxidized by adriamycin in anaerobic photocatalyzed reaction yielding NAD+ and 7-deoxyadriamycinone. Under the same conditions NADH is not oxidized. PMID- 3243504 TI - Antioxidant enzymes of larvae of the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni: subcellular distribution and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase. AB - In the mid-fifth instar larvae of the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni, the subcellular distribution of total superoxide dismutase was as follows: 3.05 units (70.0%), 0.97 units (22.3%), and 0.33 units (7.6%) mg-1 protein in the mitochondrial, cytosolic and nuclear fractions, respectively. No superoxide dismutase activity was detected in the microsomal fraction. Catalase activity was unusually high and as follows: 283.4 units (47.3%), 150.1 units (25.1%), 142.3 units (23.8%), and 22.9 units (3.8%) mg-1 protein in the mitochondrial, cytosolic, microsomal (containing peroxisomes), and nuclear fractions. No glutathione peroxidase activity was found, but appreciable glutathione reductase activity was detected with broad subcellular distribution as follows: 3.86 units (36.1%), 3.68 units (34.0%), 2.46 units (23.0%), and 0.70 units (6.5%) mg-1 protein in the nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic fractions, respectively. The unusually wide intracellular distribution of catalase in this phytophagous insect is apparently an evolutionary adaptation to the absence of glutathione peroxidase; hence, lack of a glutathione peroxidase-glutathione reductase role in alleviating stress from lipid peroxidation. Catalase working sequentially to superoxide dismutase, may nearly completely prevent the formation of the lipid peroxidizing .OH radical from all intracellular compartments by the destruction of H2O2 which together with O2- is a precursor of .OH. PMID- 3243505 TI - Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by dihydroquinoline-type antioxidant (CH 402). AB - The in vitro effect of a non-toxic, water soluble, low molecular weight, stable dihydroquinoline-type antioxidant, CH 402 (Na (2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline 4-yl)-methane sulphonic acid) was studied on free radical reactions in brain subcellular fractions. Experiments were performed using rat and mouse brain homogenate and microsomal fractions. Non-enzymatically induced lipid peroxidation by ascorbic acid was studied in correlation with ascorbic acid and CH 402 concentrations and incubation time. Malondialdehyde production during lipid peroxidation was measured by the thiobarbituric acid test. In a concentration range of 10(-2)-10(-5) M CH 402 dose-dependently inhibited the ascorbic acid induced in vitro lipid peroxidation in mouse and rat brain subcellular fractions. PMID- 3243506 TI - [Anti-rheumatic action of cysteine ethylester hydrochloride]. AB - Ethylcysteine showed a prophylactic effect on collagen-induced arthritis in rats at 100 mg/kg, p.o., and the effect continued even after stopping the administration. However, it was not dose-dependent. D-penicillamine showed no effect under the same condition. Ethylcysteine tended to inhibit collagen-induced arthritis when it was administered therapeutically at 300 mg/kg, p.o. Moreover, it had little effect on the acute inflammatory and type I allergy models such as carrageenin induced edema, 48 hr homologous PCA, and 6 hr and 24 hr Evans blue carrageenin pleurisy in rats. In the in vitro assay, ethylcysteine had the following effects: inactivation of the rheumatoid factor, the acceleration of the denaturation of human gamma-globulin and the inhibition of bone alkaline phosphatase. The effect were as potent as those of D-penicillamine. As to the results, the mode of action of ethylcysteine is the same as that of D penicillamine in terms of the biochemical properties. However, ethylcysteine showed an inhibitory effect on collagen-induced arthritis which was not demonstrated with D-penicillamine, so this drug may have a clinically anti rheumatic action. PMID- 3243507 TI - [Pharmacological investigation of bezafibrate, a hypolipidemic agent (1). Effects of bezafibrate on normal and experimental hyperlipidemia in rats]. AB - The hypolipidemic effects of bezafibrate were examined in normal rats and an experimentally induced hyperlipidemic model of rats. Oral administration of bezafibrate at 1 mg/kg/day or more to normal rats for 7 days significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) and at 3 mg/kg/day or more for 7 days caused significant reduction of serum total cholesterol (TC). A single oral dose of 100 mg/kg of bezafibrate significantly inhibited the increase of serum TC and TG in hyperlipidemic rats induced by Triton WR-1339. When normal rats were given 75% fructose solution for 7 days, serum TG increased in concentration about four times. Oral administration of bezafibrate for 7 days at 1 mg/kg/day or more inhibited the increase of serum TG in this model. Serum TC increased in concentration about twice in 1% cholesterol diet-fed rats for 8 weeks. Oral administration of bezafibrate at 30 mg/kg/day or more inhibited the increase of serum TC. These results suggest that bezafibrate is effective in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. PMID- 3243509 TI - [Neriproct: its anti-inflammatory effect on an experimentally induced hemorrhoid model in the rat]. AB - Several glucocorticoids as a cream formulation were applied to the recto-anus of the croton-oil-induced hemorrhoid rat. Among the steroids tested, i.e. diflucortolone valerate (DFV), prednisolone (PS), hydrocortisone caproate (HC), and hydrocortisone (H), DFV was found to suppress inflammation most effectively. The effect of DFV was not affected by combination with lidocaine. In this model, the analgesic effect of lidocaine was apparently prolonged by an increase of the threshold for pain by the anti-inflammatory effect of DFV. This additive effect is regarded as a merit of the combination in Neriproct. Therapeutic effects of Neriproct and several anti-hemorrhoid drugs were also examined by using a hemorrhoid model with abrasive irritation compared to those obtained by the croton-oil model. In both models, efficacy of Neriproct was superior to that of the other drugs such as Scheriproct, Proctosedyl, Posterisan forte, Borraginol N, Posterisan and Borraza G. Microscopic observation showed that destruction of the mucus epithelium, necrosis of the mucus layer, infiltration of inflammatory cells and vasodilatation in the croton-oil model were also suppressed markedly by Neriproct application. No difference was observed in the efficacy between the cream and suppository formulation of Neriproct. Suppression of wound healing was found with a dosage of DFV lower than those of PS, HC and H. However, the efficacy ratio of the wound-healing suppression and anti-inflammation of DFV was the largest among the steroids tested. PMID- 3243508 TI - [Croton oil-induced hemorrhoid model in rat: comparison of anti-inflammatory activity of diflucortolone valerate with other glucocorticoids]. AB - A hemorrhoid model was prepared by means of application of croton oil onto the recto-anus of rats. Cotton swab soaked with the inducer, which consisted of water, pyridine, diethylether and 6% croton oil in diethylether, was inserted into the anus. The following conditions were found to be optimal for preparing the model: cotton swab containing 0.16 ml of the inducer solution was applied to the anus of a 6 week-old rat (body wt. about 140 g) for 10 sec. The edema developed linearly until 7-8 hr after application, and the severity of the edema was sustained almost constantly for more than 24 hr. Macroscopic observations at 6 hr p. a. revealed homogeneous and consistent inflammation in the recto-anus applied region. Histological observation showed appearance of edema, infiltration of fibrin, inflammatory cells, vasodilation, blood congestion and medium to high degrees of necrosis in the mucosal epithelium. Thus this model was useful for evaluating the effect of anti-hemorrhoidal drugs on intumescence and vasodilatation. The efficacy of diflucortolone valerate, hydrocortisone caproate and hydrocortisone was evaluated in this model. Wet weight and vasopermeability increased by the inducer was suppressed strongly by simultaneous application of the corticoids, and the degree of suppression was parallel with the potency of the glucocorticoid activity. Compared to Scheriproct, Posterisan forte, Posterisan and Borraginol N, Neriproct showed the strongest effects in the protection against and treatment of the experimental hemorrhoid. Scheriproct, which was less active than Neriproct, was also found to have higher efficacy than the others. PMID- 3243510 TI - [Effect of naftidrofuryl oxalate (LS-121) on experimental amnesia model in rats]. AB - Effects of naftidrofuryl oxalate (LS-121) on experimental amnesia models, which were induced by cycloheximide (CXM), scopolamine (SCOP) and basal-forebrain (BF) lesion, were investigated using the step-through passive avoidance response in rats. In the retention test, a cut-off time of 600 sec was employed for the measurement of step-through latency (STL). The animals, that showed over 300 sec of STL was regarded as having the criterion of memory retention (% of retention). Increase in both parameters of STL and % of retention was regarded to indicate that the drug was able to improve the amnesia. If only one of the two parameters was increased, we considered that the drug had a tendency to improve the amnesia. Pretraining, post-training and pre-retention treatment of LS-121 (25 mg/kg) improved CXM- and SCOP-induced amnesia. Post-training treatment of LS-121 (25 mg/kg) showed a tendency to improve the BF lesion-induced amnesia. These results suggest that the antiamnesic action of LS-121 may be produced through an activation of the acetylcholinergic neuronal system. Since it improved the amnesia when administered in the pre-retention test, there is a possibility that LS-121 has not only a protective effect, but also a therapeutic effect. Furthermore, it is suggested that LS-121 may also have a therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease, since it showed a tendency to improve the BF lesion-induced amnesia. PMID- 3243511 TI - [Effects of TJ-41 (Tsumura Hochu-ekki-to) on spermatogenic disorders in mice under current treatment with adriamycin]. AB - Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of TJ-41 on spermatogenic disorders under current treatment with adriamycin (ADR). Male ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with ADR at the dose of 0.15 mg/kg, twice a week for 5 weeks. Simultaneously, these mice were orally administered TJ-41 at the dose of 1, 2 or 4 g/kg for 12 weeks. The effects of TJ-41 were evaluated by histological analysis of germ cells in the testis at 7 weeks after the last injection of ADR. TJ-41 at a dose of 4 g/kg significantly inhibited the decrease of testis weight in mice treated with ADR. TJ-41 at doses of 1 and 4 g/kg significantly decreased the proportion of seminiferous tubules without germ cells as compared with the ADR-treated group. On the other hand, TJ-41 at doses of 1 and 4 g/kg significantly increased the proportion of normal seminiferous tubules and the Sertoli cell ratio of spermatocytes as compared with the ADR-treated group. These results indicate that TJ-41 may qualitatively and quantitatively protect against the decrease of germ cells in the testis of mice treated with ADR. PMID- 3243512 TI - [Pharmacological studies on the clathrate compound of mobenzoxamine with beta cyclodextrin. (I). Effects on the digestive system]. AB - Effects of the clathrate compound of mobenzoxamine (MBX) with beta-cyclodextrin (MBX-CD), a new gastro-intestinal function modulator, on the digestive system were studied in comparison with those of metoclopramide, domperidone and trimebutine. MBX-CD showed inhibitory effects that were approximately 1/4 times as potent as metoclopramide on both apomorphine- and copper sulfate-induced emesis and about 1/40 times as potent as domperidone on apomorphine-induced emesis in dogs. In rats, MBX-CD enhanced gastric emptying as potently as metoclopramide, and only MBX-CD showed a clear amelioration of the delayed gastric emptying induced by BaCl2. Similarly, only MBX-CD showed an ameliorative effect on small intestinal transport accelerated by BaCl2 in mice. Though both MBX and trimebutine inhibited spontaneous contractions of the isolated guinea pig stomach and rabbit intestine, it seemed that the properties of these effects were different from those of papaverine. On isolated guinea pig ileum, MBX inhibited contractions induced by various agonists equally to or more potently than trimebutine or papaverine. The results suggest that MBX-CD or MBX acts extensively on the gastro-intestinal system for the reason that it has not only the respective properties of the gastro-intestinal function modulators used as the standards, but also its own characteristic effects. PMID- 3243513 TI - [Effects of (+/-)-4'-ethyl-2-methyl-3-(l-pyrrolidinyl) propiophenone hydrochloride (HY-770) on the bladder function]. AB - The effects of HY-770 on micturition reflexes in rats, dogs and cats and urethral pressure in dogs were compared with those of flavoxate.HC1 (flavoxate), terodiline.HCl (terodiline) and oxybutynin.HCl (oxybutynin). 1) HY-770, in intravenous (2 and 4 mg/kg) and intraduodenal (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) administrations, dose-dependently abolished the rhythmic bladder contractions in anesthetized rats. The activity of HY-770, in intravenous administration (i.v.), was almost equal to those of flavoxate, terodiline and oxybutynin; and the activity of HY-770, like terodiline, was more potent than that of flavoxate in intraduodenal administration (i.d.). 2) In the cystometrograms, HY-770 (3, 4 or 8 mg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently increased the time to micturition (capacity of bladder) without decreasing the amplitude of micturition contraction in anesthetized rats, dogs and cats, and HY-770 (25 mg/kg, i.d.) also increased the capacity in anesthetized cats. 3) HY-770 (4 and 8 mg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently increased the capacity of the bladder in the cystometrograms of pollakiuria induced by either transection of both the hypogastric nerves or chronic cannulation to the bladder in anesthetized or conscious rats, respectively. 4) HY 770 (25 mg/kg, i.d.) slightly decreased the urethral pressure in anesthetized dogs. These results suggest that HY-770 is a promising drug for the treatment of pollakiuria induced by a neurogenic bladder or unstable bladder, etc. PMID- 3243515 TI - Discontinuity in mother-child conversations: cleft palate child compared to normal sibling. PMID- 3243514 TI - [Effects of cibenzoline on myocardial ischemia]. AB - The effect of cibenzoline, an antiarrhythmic drug, on myocardial ischemia was studied in the anesthetized open-chest dog. Ischemia was induced by completely ligating or partially occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery. The levels of ATP and creatine-phosphate decreased, and the ADP and AMP levels increased during ischemia. The level of glycogen was also decreased, and that of lactate was increased by ischemia, resulting in myocardial acidosis. Pretreatment with either 2 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg of cibenzoline prevented the decrease in ATP level and the increase in lactate level. These results suggest that cibenzoline reduces the influence of ischemia on the myocardium. PMID- 3243516 TI - Aerodynamic investigation of sources of vibrato. PMID- 3243517 TI - Intraoral pressure differences in various degrees of breathiness. PMID- 3243518 TI - Hearing aid selection for the elderly: consideration of central aging effects. PMID- 3243519 TI - [From agrammatism to dyssyntaxia: longitudinal study of a case of agrammatism]. PMID- 3243520 TI - Intraoral speech pressures after experimental loss of velar resistance. PMID- 3243522 TI - [Measuring vibrations of the vocal cords: on the clinical relevance of stroboscopy]. PMID- 3243521 TI - Listeners' perceptions of normal and voice-disordered children. PMID- 3243523 TI - A note on phase relationships between frequency and amplitude modulations in vocal vibrato. PMID- 3243524 TI - [Hematological and immunological disorders in HTLV-I carriers undergoing hemodialysis]. PMID- 3243525 TI - [Immunological analysis in primary renal disease and lupus nephritis]. PMID- 3243526 TI - [Study on estrogen and progesterone receptors of endometrium and myometrium]. PMID- 3243527 TI - [Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of mesothelioma induced by asbestos in rat]. PMID- 3243528 TI - [DNA probes labeled and detected with biotin streptavidin system]. PMID- 3243529 TI - [Study on the innervation of guinea pig pineal gland--with the methods of fluorescence and acetylcholinesterase]. PMID- 3243530 TI - [Electron microscopic study of innervation of pineal gland of guinea pigs]. PMID- 3243531 TI - [Immunohistochemical identification of VP- and OT-containing neurons in the hypothalamus and its adjacent areas of the rat]. PMID- 3243532 TI - [A pathologic study of pulmonary adenocarcinoma in mice induced by N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine]. PMID- 3243533 TI - [Effects of China-made amrinone on isolated sino-atrial and papillary muscle, hemodynamics and cardiac performance in dogs]. PMID- 3243534 TI - [A scanning electron microscopy of the surface structure of caries-susceptible sites on permanent teeth]. PMID- 3243535 TI - [Clinical significance of variable deceleration and prolonged deceleration on fetal heart rate]. PMID- 3243536 TI - [Investigation on influence factors of pulmonary hypertension in chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 3243537 TI - [Preliminary report of effect of chromium on blood glucose and serum lipids in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3243538 TI - [Measurement of glycosylated hair of diabetics and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3243539 TI - [Total residue analysis of Amitraz in the rabbit tissue by gas chromatography]. PMID- 3243540 TI - [Studies on the stability of complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Co(II) with DL-alanine and DL-valine]. PMID- 3243542 TI - [Genetic study of human adenosine deaminase]. PMID- 3243541 TI - [Effect of bile reflux on acid secretion and gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis]. PMID- 3243543 TI - X-linked mixed deafness with stapes fixation in a Mauritian kindred: linkage to Xq probe pDP34. AB - Molecular linkage analysis was undertaken on a large Mauritian kindred with X linked mixed deafness, stapes fixation, and perilymphatic gusher (X-LDSF). DNA probe pDP34 (DXYS1) was tightly linked to the disorder, with a lod score of 6.32 at zero recombination. This observation indicates that the gene for this form of deafness maps to the Xq13-q21.1 region and has important implications for carrier screening and antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 3243544 TI - The loci for parathyroid hormone and beta-globin are closely linked and map to chromosome 15 in cattle. AB - We report linkage of the loci for beta-globin (HBB) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in cattle and the assignment of both loci to the bovine chromosome region 15q13 q23. Linkage was analyzed in a family of paternal half-sibs by the use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected with bovine probes derived from the HBB and PTH genes. The HBB polymorphism was detected by digestion with restriction endonuclease HindIII and the PTH polymorphism with MspI. The maximum lod score for linkage of PTH with HBB was zeta = 4.52 at theta = 0, suggesting very close linkage of the two loci. The finding of the PTH/HBB linkage is corroborated by the physical assignment of both loci to the region 15q13-q23 by in situ hybridization with bovine genomic probes derived from PTH and HBB, respectively. Since HBB and PTH are syntenic in man and mouse, these results in cattle represent another example of conservation of synteny in the evolution of mammalian chromosomes. PMID- 3243545 TI - Localization of G6PD and HPRT to different arms of the X chromosome of the North American marsupial (Didelphis virginiana) by in situ hybridization and deletion mapping: evolutionary significance. AB - We have mapped HPRT and G6PD loci on the X chromosome in the American opossum, Didelphis virginiana, by in situ hybridization to cells derived from two females by using genomic opossum DNA as probes. The localizations (G6PD to Xp13 and HPRT to Xq21), indicating that the two genes are separated by the centromere, were confirmed by results of hybridization to X chromosomes with deletions that include the HPRT locus and opossum-mouse cell hybrids containing the relevant fragment of the opossum X chromosome. PMID- 3243546 TI - Mapping of Xp21 translocation breakpoints in and around the DMD gene by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. AB - Balanced translocations with a breakpoint in the Xp21 region are likely to disrupt the giant Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) locus and can be demonstrated in females suffering from the disease. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis allows the positioning of these breakpoints by detecting junction fragments on the derived chromosomes; DNA probes hybridizing to these fragments may be located as many as several hundred kilobases away from the breakpoints. By using this approach, 11 translocation breakpoints from the Xp21 region have been analyzed. The localization of three previously examined breakpoints was confirmed. Six other breakpoints, including a breakpoint flanking the DMD gene and not associated with the DMD phenotype, could be positioned relative to SfiI sites on a 3.5-Mb restriction map of the region. PMID- 3243547 TI - Molecular and genetic mapping of the mouse mdx locus. AB - mdx is an X-linked muscular dystrophy mutant of the mouse and a putative homolog of the human X-linked muscular dystrophy locus--Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Utilizing a C57BL/10/Mus Spretus interspecific cross in which the mdx mutation was segregating, we have constructed a detailed genetic map around the mdx locus on the mouse X chromosome. We were unable to detect recombinants between mdx and exonic probes derived from the human DMD gene. These genetic data support the contention from biochemical studies (E.P. Hoffman, R. H. Brown, and L. M. Kunkel, 1987, Cell 51: 919-928) that DMD and mdx are homologous genes. PMID- 3243548 TI - A mapped set of DNA markers for human chromosome 15. AB - A primary genetic linkage map for human chromosome 15 has been constructed from 16 arbitrary DNA markers genotyped in 59 large reference families. The map spans a genetic distance of 146 cM in males and 187 cM in females. The ratio of female/male genetic distance was approximately 2.1 overall within the region of the chromosome covered by our map, but three segments showed a significant male excess in recombination frequency. A subset of seven of the linked markers would be enough to detect linkage of a genetic defect within the mapped region of chromosome 15, if at least 48 phase-known meioses in affected families were available for analysis. PMID- 3243549 TI - Molecular characterization of a spontaneously generated new allele at a VNTR locus: no exchange of flanking DNA sequence. AB - Variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) DNA markers are contributing new power to human genetic studies because their hypervariable nature allows individualization at the DNA level. The practical value of VNTR markers has been well established for genetic linkage mapping, forensic biology, paternity testing, and monitoring of bone marrow transplants. A popular hypothesis attributes generation of variability at VNTR loci to unequal exchange between homologous chromosomes at meiosis. Contrary to the prediction of this hypothesis, we report here the finding that a newly generated VNTR allele is parental for closely spaced flanking markers; the new allele was generated by loss of one repeat unit, without exchange of flanking DNA sequences. These results are consistent with sister chromatid exchange and polymerase slippage or deletion, as well as with some models for gene conversion. PMID- 3243550 TI - Clustering of hypervariable minisatellites in the proterminal regions of human autosomes. AB - Six of the human minisatellites detected by DNA fingerprint probes have been localized by in situ hybridization to human metaphase chromosomes. These hypervariable loci are not dispersed at random in the human genome, but show preferential, though not exclusive, localization to terminal G-bands of human autosomes. Two of the proterminal minisatellites are very closely linked to other variable loci. Sequence analysis of one of these additional minisatellites suggests that the two linked minisatellites arose by independent amplification of different repeat units. The proterminal regions of human autosomes may therefore be rich in minisatellites, analogous to the pseudoautosomal terminal pairing region of human sex chromosomes that is similarly abundant in hypervariable minisatellites. PMID- 3243551 TI - A mapped set of genetic markers for human chromosome 9. AB - A genetic map of markers for human chromosome 9, spanning a genetic distance of 147 cM in males and 231 cM in females, has been constructed from linkage studies with 19 loci in a large panel of reference families. The markers included four classical systems previously assigned to chromosome 9, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of two cloned genes, ABL oncogene and argininosuccinase synthetase pseudogene 3 (ASSP3). The remaining 13 marker loci, with an average heterozygosity of 42%, were defined by arbitrary DNA probes newly ascertained from genomic libraries; seven of them were variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci. A subset of 7 of the 19 linked markers is proposed for a primary map that could detect linkage with a genetic defect within the covered region of chromosome 9, provided that at least 45 phase-known meioses were available for study in an affected family. PMID- 3243552 TI - Twelve loci form a continuous linkage map for human chromosome 18. AB - We have constructed a primary genetic map of human chromosome 18 consisting of 11 DNA markers and one serological marker (JK). Two of these loci define highly polymorphic VNTR systems. The markers define a continuous genetic linkage map of 97 cM in males and 205 cM in females; female genetic distances in a panel of 59 three-generation families were consistently about twice those observed in males. The high odds in support of the linear order of the markers on this recombination map, and the extent of coverage of chromosome 18, indicate that this map will permit efficient linkage studies of human genetic diseases that may be segregating on chromosome 18 and will provide anchor points for development of high-resolution maps for this chromosome. PMID- 3243553 TI - Genotyping and sequence analysis of apolipoprotein E isoforms. AB - Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a polymorphic plasma protein, is essential for catabolism of lipoproteins by receptor-mediated endocytosis. One of the apoE isoforms (E2) differs in its binding affinity to specific receptors and contributes to variations in lipoprotein metabolism. Diagnosis of apoE isoforms is done by isoelectric focusing, but it is hindered by various degrees of post translational sialylation of the apoE protein. Electrophoretically silent structural variations may also escape detection by this technique. We describe a method for genotyping apoE based on hybridization of allele-specific oligonucleotides with enzymatically amplified genomic DNA, which permits unambiguous diagnosis of six common apoE phenotypes within 24 h. Among 100 E2 alleles present in 81 unrelated individuals genotyped by this technique, we found two rare structural mutants of apoE in addition to the common E2 form, E2(158Arg- --Cys). Automated sequencing of amplified DNA identified the rare mutants as E2(136Arg----Ser) and E2(145Arg----Cys). The genotypic method may complement or even replace isoelectric focusing for routine determination of apoE phenotypes and for identification of rare structural variants. PMID- 3243555 TI - Behaviour of expression of nif HDK and fix ABCX promoters of Rhizobium meliloti in R. leguminosarum. PMID- 3243554 TI - Cystic fibrosis DNA markers in Alabama blacks. AB - DNA samples from unrelated Alabama blacks with no family history of cystic fibrosis (CF) were analyzed with DNA markers linked to cf. Allelic frequencies of genetic markers detected by probes pmetH, pmetD, XV2c, KM19, and pJ3.11 were compared to those of other populations. Allelic frequencies for pJ3.11, XV2c, and KM19 in Alabama blacks and previously studied Caucasian populations were similar. In contrast, the met locus allelic frequencies in Alabama blacks were markedly different from those in Caucasian populations. PMID- 3243556 TI - Electrostatic potential mapping of adenine, uracil and the A-U base pair. PMID- 3243557 TI - Developmental changes of TCA cycle enzymes in human fetal brain. PMID- 3243558 TI - L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase from mammalian brain: partial purification and characterisation of the fetal and adult enzyme. PMID- 3243559 TI - Elevation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels in alloxan diabetic mice by Bordetella pertussis cell extract. PMID- 3243560 TI - Role of fatty acids in regulation of membrane properties in Epidermophyton floccosum. PMID- 3243561 TI - Lipid-carotenoid interaction: effect on electrical conduction in lipid films. PMID- 3243562 TI - Studies on the antioxidant defence system and activation of human blood platelets under mercuric chloride treatment in vitro. PMID- 3243563 TI - Normal and diseased states related to interdependence of electromagnetic fields, growth, repair and genetic regulation of metabolic function. PMID- 3243564 TI - Kinetics of biological growth and aging. PMID- 3243565 TI - Biophysical properties of the lysogenic vibrio phage 'Kappa'. PMID- 3243566 TI - Subunit heterogeneity of buffalo thyroglobulin. PMID- 3243567 TI - Transitional cell tumours of renal pelvis and ureter--diagnostic considerations. PMID- 3243568 TI - Childhood cancers in greater Bombay (1973-1984). PMID- 3243570 TI - Bone marrow biopsy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3243569 TI - DNA analysis in precancerous (dysplasia) and cancerous lesions of uterine cervix. PMID- 3243571 TI - Involvement of chromosomal breakpoints at 1p21, 1q23, 6q14, 9p23 and 14q24 in tumour cells of effusions of a patient with adenocarcinoma of suspected primary at large bowel. PMID- 3243572 TI - Glycogen metabolism in radiation induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. PMID- 3243573 TI - Malignant interstitial cell tumour of testis in a child. PMID- 3243574 TI - Secondary acute leukemia--review of 15 cases. PMID- 3243576 TI - [To publish in English: an obligatory option]. PMID- 3243577 TI - [Phototoxic effect and plasma levels of 8-MOP]. PMID- 3243575 TI - [Double-blind evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerance of tipredane cream and betamethasone valerate cream in patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 3243578 TI - [Statistical significance of differences in responses to the Rorschach test of 80 psoriatics and a similar healthy population]. PMID- 3243579 TI - [HLA-DR antigens and alopecia areata]. PMID- 3243580 TI - [The lichen-hepatitis syndrome]. PMID- 3243581 TI - [Dominant epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica of Cockayne-Touraine. Presentation of a familial case and cytogenetic investigation]. PMID- 3243582 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoproliferative neoplasms]. PMID- 3243583 TI - [Centers for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection. Operative methods and results of a screening]. PMID- 3243584 TI - [Soft ulcer. Description of a case]. PMID- 3243585 TI - [Keratinous hybrid cysts]. PMID- 3243586 TI - [Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia and hyperestrogenism. A new case]. PMID- 3243587 TI - Influence of thyroid hormones on hepatic mitochondrial enzymes of thiouracil treated teleost Anabas testudineus (Bloch). PMID- 3243588 TI - Effect of ionizing radiation on macrophage stimulating property of Vibrio parahaemolyticus lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 3243589 TI - Responses to warfarin by the Indian gerbil Tatera indica from Tirupati, India. PMID- 3243590 TI - Toxicity of soybean lectins: effect on lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation. PMID- 3243591 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies on rhesus monkey placenta during early gestational malarial infection. PMID- 3243592 TI - Methyl 5-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinylcarbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol- 2-yl carbamate: efficacy against developing and adult helminths by topical application. PMID- 3243593 TI - In vitro survival and endogenous glycogen utilization of the acanthocephalans, Acanthosentis oligospinus Anantaraman, 1969 and Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1811). PMID- 3243594 TI - Respiratory electron transport in Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. PMID- 3243595 TI - Parathyroid induced regulation of calcium and phosphate in rat lens. PMID- 3243596 TI - Effect of acetylcholine on metabolic activities of the kidney of blue rock pigeon Columba livia, Gmelin. PMID- 3243597 TI - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 3243598 TI - Use of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pulmonary diseases--analysis of outcome and prediction of clinically useful studies. PMID- 3243599 TI - Nasal mucus clearance in nasal and para nasal sinus disorders. PMID- 3243600 TI - Glucose tolerance test during antituberculous drug therapy. PMID- 3243601 TI - Ear-lobe crease and ear-canal hair as predictors of coronary artery disease in Indian population. PMID- 3243602 TI - Plastic toy whistles in paediatric tracheobronchial tree. PMID- 3243604 TI - Benign intrapulmonary interstitial emphysema. PMID- 3243603 TI - Profile of pneumonias in hospitalized medical patients. PMID- 3243605 TI - Endobronchial polyp. PMID- 3243606 TI - Oesophago-pleural fistula secondary to empyema thoracis. PMID- 3243608 TI - Possible role of streptococci in pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 3243607 TI - Unusual presentation of foreign bodies in bronchus. PMID- 3243609 TI - Effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on foetal growth. PMID- 3243610 TI - Platelet procoagulant activity & heterologous antiplatelet antibody. PMID- 3243611 TI - Evidence to show HLA-linked susceptibility to rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 3243613 TI - Blood carboxyhaemoglobin levels following acute exposure to smoke of biomass fuel. PMID- 3243612 TI - Effect of low dosage of polidocanol in treatment of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. PMID- 3243614 TI - The enterocyte height & number in children with protracted diarrhoea. PMID- 3243615 TI - Erythrocyte lipids in alcohol dependence. PMID- 3243616 TI - Postmortem changes of blood urea, creatinine, non-protein nitrogen, uric acid & ammonia levels in rabbit. PMID- 3243617 TI - Hypolipidemic effect of guar gum in rats & rabbits. PMID- 3243618 TI - Treatment of 54 clinically diagnosed rabies patients with two survivals. PMID- 3243619 TI - Normal agglutinins against enteric group of organisms in healthy subjects. PMID- 3243621 TI - Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy--an alternate approach in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocyxopenic purpura (ITP). PMID- 3243622 TI - Bacteriological quality of rural potable water. PMID- 3243620 TI - Prediction of energy expenditure during load carriage on the head and by yoke. PMID- 3243623 TI - Profile of community medicine in India. PMID- 3243624 TI - Health manpower study projection of requirements for and supply of medical manpower in Andhra Pradesh. PMID- 3243625 TI - An epidemiological study of burn injury. PMID- 3243626 TI - Mental illness causality: a sociological appraisal. PMID- 3243627 TI - Prevalence of eye diseases in a secondary school of Meerut City. PMID- 3243628 TI - Concomitant helminthiasis and recurrent upper respiratory tract infection in children of an urban community in Pondicherry. PMID- 3243630 TI - A simple method for water treatment. PMID- 3243629 TI - Bait preference of Phlebotomus argentipes (Ann. & Brunn.). PMID- 3243631 TI - Percutaneous balloon valvoplasty for valvar aortic stenosis. PMID- 3243632 TI - Tricuspid atresia: angiographic and hemodynamic profile of 26 cases. PMID- 3243633 TI - Congenital malformations of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 3243634 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome and near-miss episodes. PMID- 3243635 TI - Cord blood triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in normal and asphyxiated newborns--an indicator of peripartum stress. PMID- 3243636 TI - Evaluation of a sepsis screen for neonates. PMID- 3243637 TI - Prognostic value of m-ESR and CRP in neonatal septicemia. PMID- 3243638 TI - Special committee on breastfeeding. PMID- 3243639 TI - Cardiac tamponade in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3243640 TI - Peptococcus endocarditis. PMID- 3243641 TI - Free floating ball thrombus in left atrium. PMID- 3243642 TI - Kawasaki syndrome with multiple arterial aneurysms. PMID- 3243643 TI - Syndrome myxoma. PMID- 3243644 TI - Congenital gingival granular cell tumour. PMID- 3243645 TI - Severe combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 3243646 TI - An unusual presentation of pneumatocele. PMID- 3243647 TI - Ovarian cyst in a newborn. PMID- 3243648 TI - Congenital hemihypertrophy, contralateral benign nephromegaly and duplex ureter. PMID- 3243649 TI - Stokes-Adams attacks misdiagnosed as epilepsy. PMID- 3243650 TI - Tincture opium poisoning in a neonate. PMID- 3243651 TI - Capgras' syndrome in chloroquine induced psychosis. PMID- 3243652 TI - The perceptual presence of the life course. AB - Despite the recent popularity of the term, the degree to which the "life course" as such is experienced in everyday life is not clear. Explorations of this question have not been very satisfying because they tend to either eliminate biographical time (as in survey research) or assume its presence (as with clinical, biographical, and life historical research) through the methods used. Our exploratory research used the meanings of personal possessions as an indirect measure of the temporal framing of experiences among forty women who had moved into facilities for elderly persons. We found considerable variation in the relative frequency and importance of biographical references in descriptions of those possessions, which challenges the concepts that have been used to relate experiences of temporality to the self and the methods that have been used to explore these experiences. PMID- 3243653 TI - Subjective well-being among the rural elderly population. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychosocial factors and subjective well-being among rural elderly persons. A broad range of psychosocial factors (such as mastery, social support, and perceived health) and measures of well-being (such as positive and negative affect and life satisfaction) were employed in bivariate correlation, canonical correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings show significant relationships between subjective well-being measures and psychosocial factors that are concomitant with other populations, both elderly and general. PMID- 3243654 TI - Age differences in life events: a multivariate controlled analysis. AB - Effects of age on the distribution of specific life events experienced during the past year by community-based adults were examined controlling for sex, race, education, marital status, and place of residence. The controlled analyses were done using logistic regression. Data were gathered via personal interview from 3,798 respondents ages eighteen years and over who participated in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA), community survey from North Carolina. Respondents were placed in one of four age groups. The percentage of respondents reporting each of the nineteen events examined ranged from 0.5 percent for death of spouse to 19.1 percent for death of loved one. Age was an important predictor in the controlled analysis for thirteen of the seventeen life events examined. A majority of differences occurred between the youngest and oldest age groups. Age differences were not found for illness of one week or more involving activity limitation. PMID- 3243655 TI - Older men's and women's relationships with adult kin: how equitable are they? AB - Recent research has shown that satisfying casual relationships and short-term intimacies among young adults tend to be characterized by mutual perceptions of global equity or a proportional subjective balance between each partner's overall inputs and gains. The present study extended the measurement of global equity perceptions to sixty-two elderly men's and women's relationships with their frequently-contacted spouses, adult children, and aged parents. A comparison group of forty younger adults likewise rated the equity of their marriages and relationships with elderly parents and grandparents. Results showed that the majority of both generations' involvements with all categories of immediate adult kin were seen as globally equitable. In addition, most departures from strict equity involved respondents feeling subjectively overbenefited rather than underbenefited. Theories of kinship exchange in longstanding and elderly relationships were considered. The possibilities either of subjective biases in longstanding intimates' perceptions and/or of a link between social disengagement and underbenefit during old age enabled reconciliation of the present findings with theoretical predictions. PMID- 3243656 TI - A possible mechanism on the potentiated vascular effect of coadministration of ifenprodil tartrate and calcium hopantenate: a study in the basilar and vertebral arteries. AB - In our earlier report [Shibuya et al. in press], we demonstrated the partial mechanism of the synergism between ifenprodil tartrate and calcium hopantenate on cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms of the synergistic effects in the basilar and vertebral arteries were further studied in this paper using our described methods. Ifenprodil tartrate produced a sustained increase in the vertebral arterial blood flow of rats, while calcium hopantenate. Ifenprodil tartrate caused dose-related relaxation of K+-induced contractions in by ifenprodil tartrate was significantly enhanced by the coadministration of calcium hopantenate. Ifenprodil tartrate caused dose-related relaxation of K+-induced contractions in isolated canine basilar arteries, while calcium hopantenate had no effect. The dose-relaxation curve of ifenprodil tartrate was shifted to the left by pre-incubation in calcium hopantenate. In K+-depolarized basilar arteries, ifenprodil competitively antagonized the response to Ca2+, and this was enhanced by pre-incubation in calcium hopantenate. Ifenprodil tartrate inhibited K+-induced Ca2+ uptake in canine cerebral arteries and this was enhanced by pre incubation in calcium hopantenate. These results suggest that the enhancement by calcium hopantenate of the ifenprodil tartrate effect on the vertebral blood flow is due to increased vascular relaxation through the inhibition of Ca2+ influx. PMID- 3243657 TI - Dermo-epidermal distribution of ketoconazole in man. AB - The dermo-epidermal distribution of ketoconazole was studied in 50 patients with fungal dermatoses by simultaneously determining drug concentrations in plasma and suction liquid (SL) obtained by dermo-epidermal separation. Fifteen patients were treated with a single 200-mg dose of ketoconazole while the remaining 35 underwent chronic treatment with 200 mg ketoconazole per day. In the single-dose study, ketoconazole SL concentrations determined between 80 and 390 min showed mean peak values of 0.74 +/- 0.53 micrograms/ml at intermediate sampling times of about 180 min. The maximum mean plasma concentration of 2.37 +/- 1.26 micrograms/ml occurred at an intermediate sampling time (141 min) as well. In those patients receiving chronic treatment from 1 to 7 days, the mean plasma and SL concentrations were 1.07 +/- 1.17 micrograms/ml and 0.08 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml, respectively, while chronic treatment from 15 to 64 days resulted in higher values of 2.22 +/- 1.91 micrograms/ml and 0.56 +/- 0.57 micrograms/ml, respectively. These results suggest that rapid and considerable passive diffusion of ketoconazole could take place during its transfer from the blood to the skin. PMID- 3243658 TI - Ibopamine kinetics after single and multiple dosing in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - The pharmacokinetics of ibopamine after single and multiple dosing was studied in 20 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) of NYHA functional class II. Ibopamine 100 mg was given 3 times a day for 7 days in 6 patients and for 30 days in the other 14 patients. Plasma pharmacokinetics of total (mainly conjugated) and free epinine was studied after the first dose and on the 3rd, 7th and 30th days of treatment. The urinary recoveries of total epinine, HVA and DOPAC were measured in 5 patients for 24 h after ibopamine ingestion on the 1st and 30th days. Plasma pharmacokinetics of ibopamine did not vary during the repeated administration of the drug. In the course of the treatment, total epinine elimination t1/2 showed no significant variations. The build-up of Cmax, Cmin and AUC of total epinine observed after multiple dosing was as expected on the basis of the interval adopted between the doses of ibopamine and of the elimination t1/2 of total epinine. Pharmacokinetic parameters of free epinine did not show significant variations during the course of the treatment. The amounts of HVA and DOPAC recovered in urine on the 1st and 30th days of treatment were similar while the amount of total epinine was greater on the 30th day, the increment mainly reflecting a partial carry over of the less rapidly excreted conjugated epinine from the last previous doses. The results obtained for free epinine plasma levels and for the urinary recoveries of ibopamine metabolites thus indicated that no saturation of the enzymes involved in ibopamine metabolism occurred. PMID- 3243659 TI - Plasma dapsone and its metabolite monoacetyldapsone levels in leprotic patients. AB - Dapsone (DDS) is a drug of choice in the treatment of leprosy. The DDS and MADDS levels and different pharmacokinetic parameters after a single dose of dapsone and at steady state in leprotic patients have been studied. At steady state, all the patients showed plasma DDS and MADDS levels above 0.5 micrograms/ml throughout the 24-h duration. There was no significant difference in the elimination half-lives of DDS and MADDS after a single dose as compared to at steady state, but AUC0-alpha for both DDS and MADDS were significantly increased at steady state. From these results, it could be concluded that 100 mg daily dose is sufficient to maintain plasma therapeutic concentration in leprotic patients in Indian population. PMID- 3243660 TI - Phenazone pharmacokinetics as an index of hepatic metabolic efficiency. AB - Phenazone pharmacokinetics as an index of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity was studied in 31 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 11 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 52 healthy volunteers. The mean phenazone half-life (t0.5) was significantly shorter in patients with Hodgkin's disease (8.002 +/- 2.775 h) and in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (8.775 +/- 2.440 h) than in healthy persons (11.351 +/- 3.706 h). In patients with Hodgkin's disease and in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mean elimination rate constant (Kel) (0.101 +/- 0.050 h-1; 0.086 +/- 0.028 h-1) and mean metabolic clearance rate (MCR) (70.464 +/- 50.347 ml/min; 71.621 +/- 21.448 ml/min) differed statistically significantly from the same parameters in control group, where K was 0.067 +/- 0.021 h-1 and MCR 49.361 +/- 18.167 ml/min. Treatment with antineoplastic drugs inhibited phenazone elimination. No correlations were found between the phenazone pharmacokinetics parameters and routine laboratory tests of liver function. Since many drugs are metabolized by cytochrome P-450, similar to phenazone, it is likely that their elimination in patients with Hodgkin's disease and in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma will be also changed. This should be considered in selection of their dosage. PMID- 3243661 TI - Serum protein binding of penbutolol in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. AB - Serum protein binding of penbutolol, a non-cardioselective beta-blocker agent of basic nature, has been studied in healthy subjects and in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. The percentage of free penbutolol in serum containing 200 ng/ml was markedly increased in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, when compared with the group of healthy volunteers (8.17 +/- 1.13% in patients vs 3.41 +/- 0.19 in control). No significant differences in the levels of serum alpha-acid glycoprotein (the major protein implicated in the serum binding of penbutolol) were detected. Differences in the overall affinity constant for the binding were apparent between both groups (nKa = 5.28 X 10(5) M-1 in patients vs 12.03 X 10(5) M-1 in healthy volunteers). These results suggest a qualitative change in alpha acid-glycoprotein molecule, from hepatic patients, but further studies are needed to clarify this point. PMID- 3243662 TI - Interactional variables associated with retention and success in residential drug treatment. AB - The present study was designed to identify variables associated with client retention and success at the Rocco Antenucci Memorial Adult Residential Drug Treatment Center in Akron, Ohio. Multiple stepwise regressions were utilized to evaluate the variance contributed by demographic, psychological, and interactional variables associated with client retention for 100 program participants. Degree of social support and employment at discharge accounted for 63% of the variance. Factors related to successful treatment completion, identified using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, included: involuntary admission, family involvement in treatment, degree of social support, and employment at discharge. PMID- 3243663 TI - London's voluntary drug agencies. III. A "snapshot" view of residential and nonresidential clients. AB - As the last paper in a series reporting on DAIGE (Drug Information Gathering Exercise) this paper looks at clients/residents within voluntary drug agencies based in London. This study provided the opportunity for agencies to look at some of the reasons why variations in their levels of service provision may have an impact on the pattern of their clients' help seeking. The discussion provides an overall picture of client mix, while suggesting the need to establish a balance between (1) giving advice, support, counseling, etc., for those continuing to takd drugs and (2) providing accommodation for those who need residential care to adjust to a drug-free life-style. PMID- 3243664 TI - Consequences of alcohol use: behavior changes and problems during first year of university. AB - A sample of students registered to begin first-year university were surveyed 1 month prior to their arrival on campus about experiences they had had with alcohol. The same students were surveyed again 8 months later, toward the end of their first academic year. Overall, the results showed an increase in problems in three problem domains--Personal Effects, Social/Legal Effects, and Major School Problems--although males and females did not show identical patterns of change. The implications for prevention programming in universities are discussed. PMID- 3243665 TI - Smoking cessation studies: a methodological comparison. AB - A wide variety in outcome criteria hinders comparison of results between smoking cessation studies. Three important methodological issues are discussed: analysis of data of participants who drop out of therapy, treatment of missing data, and repeated use of significance tests. These issues determine to a great extent the results of evaluation studies. In general, they are of interest to all researchers of addiction who study the effects of interventions. Several ways to decide on these issues and the consequences of these decisions are considered. Little consensus exists about the criterion for dropout. It is concluded that a dropout criterion is a burden rather than a help. A better criterion would be the number of sessions present. Few satisfying techniques exist to handle the problem of missing data. Evaluation studies need to set a priori standards to counter the increased risk of a Type I error, caused by the repeated use of significance tests. Reviewers need to be aware of the variety in data treatment before comparing results. PMID- 3243666 TI - Controlled peptide-protein conjugation by means of 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl protection-activation. AB - The disulfide bond in S-3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl (S-Npys) compounds is stable towards the acid treatment used in solid-phase peptide synthesis, yet the liability of S-Npys-peptides towards nucleophiles enables the conjugation to proteins to proceed under mild conditions. Thus Boc-Cys(Npys)-OH was coupled as N terminal residue to a resin-linked peptide chain. After deprotection and cleavage from the resin the Npys-cysteinylpeptide was attached to a properly functionalized protein by reaction with a mercapto group. The amount of peptide conjugated to the protein was determined by measuring the amount of 3-nitro-2 thiopyridone liberated. The cysteinylpeptide which was detached from the protein by reduction of the disulfide bond was shown to be identical with the product obtained by reduction of the Npys-cysteinylpeptide. PMID- 3243667 TI - Synthesis and solubility properties of peptide fragments of human hemoglobin alpha-chain (123-136). AB - The solubility prediction method for protected peptides was successfully applied to relatively small peptide fragments of human hemoglobin alpha-chain (123-136) which contained various polar amino acid residues such as Asp(OBzl), Glu(OBzl), Lys(Z), Ser(Bzl), and Thr(Bzl). As reported previously for hydrophobic peptides and human proinsulin C-peptide fragments, solubility data indicated that the insolubility of protected peptides having a mean value of Pc value below 0.90 appeared to begin at the octa- or nonapeptide sequence level and that beta-sheet structure played an important role in the insolubility of peptides. When a peptide has a beta-sheet structure in the solid state, we can clearly determine the critical chain length for peptide insolubility, the solubility dependence on solvent properties, and the solubility independence of amino acid compositions of peptides. PMID- 3243668 TI - Secondary structure prediction of 11 mammalian growth hormones. AB - The secondary structure of 11 mammalian growth hormones has been predicted by combining five different methods. Three long helical regions located around residues 20, 120, and 170 constitute the most prominent common feature in the species studied. The strong amphiphilic character of these helices suggests that they can play an important role in protein folding or stability. PMID- 3243669 TI - Synthesis and conformational study in solution and in solid state of oligopeptides containing L-leucine and glycine. AB - The synthesis and conformational studies of the oligopeptide N-tert. butyloxycarbonyl-L-Leu-(L-Leu-Gly)n-OBzl (n = 1, 3, 5) and N-tert. butyloxycarbonyl-(L-Leu-Gly)2-OBzl are described. The peptides were synthesized by stepwise and fragment condensation techniques using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as the condensing agent in solution. The conformational study of the oligopeptides was carried out using CD, u.v. and i.r. spectra. The conformation in solution was examined in trifluoroethanol, hexafluoroisopropanol, hexafluoroacetone trihydrate, and methanol. CD spectra in trifluoroethanol exhibited a gradual variation with increasing peptide chain length. This can be interpreted as a formation of an ordered structure which is already present in the heptapeptide and, to a greater extent, in the undecapeptide. The results obtained from the CD profiles and i.r. spectra showed the presence of beta structure with antiparallel chains in the heptapeptide and undecapeptide. Finally, CD spectra revealed in trifluoroethanol-water solution the binding of Ca2+ to heptapeptide and undecapeptide together with a contemporaneous conformational change. This change is probably due to the formation of beta turns. No change in the CD profiles was obtained by using Mg2+, K+, Na+, and Li+ ions instead of Ca2+. PMID- 3243670 TI - The effects of acute sleep restriction and extension on sleep efficiency. AB - This study employed a repeated measures design to assess the relationship between sleep efficiency and time-in-bed (TIB). Fourteen subjects underwent three TIB conditions: (5 hour, 8 hour, and 11 hour), which were presented in a Latin Square design. Subjects slept a total of six nights (two nights per condition) while being monitored by a wrist actigraph to determine sleep time. Sleep efficiencies (sleep time/TIB) were analyzed with a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. The main effect of night was not significant. The main effect of TIB and the interaction of nights and TIB were significant. In the 11-hour condition, sleep efficiency fell from night one to night two, and on night two both the 5-hour and the 11 hour conditions were significantly different from the 8-hour condition. Analysis of total sleep time (TST) yielded the same results with the addition of a significant night-to-night difference in the 5-hour condition. It was concluded that sleep efficiency systematically changes with an extension or restriction of TIB from 8 hour. PMID- 3243671 TI - The effect of internal visualization on digit span performance. AB - Fifty-two subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions according to a 2 x 2 factorial design in order to determine the effect of internal visualization on short-term memory for digits as measured by the Wechsler Digit Span subtest. Surprisingly, internal visualization (imaging with eyes closed) was found not to affect Digit Span performance significantly. PMID- 3243672 TI - Visual and auditory affect recognition in singly diagnosed mentally retarded patients, mentally retarded patients with autism and normal young children. AB - Five groups were tested for facial and postural affect recognition by use of word and tonal prompts. Group 1 contained normal young children. Groups 2 and 3 were moderately retarded and Groups 4 and 5 were severely retarded. Retardation was complicated by autism in Groups 3 and 5. There were eight conditions. In Condition 1, happy, sad and angry faces were displayed simultaneously in each of 18 trials, with the subjects prompted verbally to point to one of the affects (e.g., the angry face) in a given trial. In Condition 2, full figures (with facial features omitted) were used instead of the faces, and emotion was conveyed by use of body position and muscle tone. The same procedure was followed as before. Conditions 3 and 4 were repeated of 1 and 2, except that descriptive word prompts were used (e.g., point to the yelling picture). Conditions 5 and 6 were the same as 1 and 2, except that affective voice intonations were used instead of word prompts. The subjects had to identify the voice tones by using affective words (e.g., happy) in Condition 7, and descriptive words (e.g., laughing) in Condition 8. An analysis of the error data indicated that retarded subjects had particular difficulty recognizing angry stimuli with both affective and descriptive word prompting. In addition, they tended to confuse happy with angry voice tones. PMID- 3243673 TI - The interaction of hemispheric related strategies and individual differences in learning. AB - The present study examined both the theoretical and practical applications of the Lateral Eye Movements (LEM) in an educational setting. Normal fifth and sixth grade students were tested on their ability to recall and recognize word pairs before and after exposure either to a verbal rehearsal or to an imagery strategy. There was an interaction between the type of strategy taught and the predominant direction of LEM. Right movers showed a significant improvement using a verbal rehearsal strategy but no change using an imagery strategy. Left movers showed a significant improvement with an imagery strategy, but a significant decrease with a verbal rehearsal strategy. These results both verify the validity of LEM as an individual difference variable and provide an initial decision mechanism for choices involving educational strategies. PMID- 3243674 TI - A case of Tourette's syndrome with midbrain involvement. AB - Several hypotheses have attempted to incriminate a particular anatomical region responsible for the complex symptomatology of Tourette's syndrome (TS). Recently, Devinsky speculated that damage to the peri-aqueductal gray matter (PAG) and midbrain tegmentum may represent the major anatomical site of dysfunction in TS. A patient with TS in whom radiological evidence indicated midbrain involvement may support Devinsky's hypothesis. A 7-year-old boy exhibited motor and vocal tics since the age of four. These were associated with hyperactive behavior, stereotype body movements, abnormal sexual behavior and coprolalia. At the age of five he was placed on methylphenidate for hyperactive behavior which resulted in marked exacerbation of the tics. Family history was unremarkable. Neurological examination was normal with the exception of the tics. Endocrine evaluation, including plasma cortisol, growth hormone, prolactin and TSH were normal with the exception of reduced FSH, LH and testosterone levels. Sexual maturation was normal. MRI head scan was normal with the exception of an asymmetry of the cerebral peduncles with the left larger than the right. CSF examination was normal. While the nature of this patient's radiological abnormalities is not clear, our findings of asymmetric cerebral peduncles associated with TS may support a role for the midbrain in the pathophysiology of TS. The likelihood of the latter assumption seems to be further confirmed by a recent report in which peri-third ventricular and PAG calcifications were detected by CT scan of the head in an adult patient with TS. Further MRI investigations in other cases of TS may clarify the anatomical relationship of the midbrain to the symptomatology of TS. PMID- 3243675 TI - The relationship between nonverbal intelligence, familial sinistrality and Geschwind scores in right-handed female subjects. AB - I proposed that there might be a strong relationship between the psychological and motor systems, and argued that hand preference could be related to intelligence; higher IQs are to be expected in right-handers with familial sinistrality (FS) than without FS (Tan, in press). This hypothesis was tested in this work. Cattle's Culture Fair Intelligence Test was used to assess the ability of spatial reasoning in right-handed females. Hand preference was assessed by the Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire; a laterality score (Geschwind score) was calculated for each subject. The sample from the Nursery High-school had a significantly lower mean IQ than that from the Medical Faculty. The incidence for the consistent right-handers was significantly higher in the sample with lower mean IQ than that with higher mean IQ. The incidence for the weak right-handers was significantly higher in the sample with higher mean IQ than that with lower mean IQ. The incidence for familial sinistrality was significantly higher in the sample with higher mean IQ than that with lower mean IQ. It was concluded that handedness, familial sinistrality, and intelligence are interrelated traits; an attenuation in cerebral asymmetry as a result of an increase in the right hemisphere's mental abilities, reflecting itself in weak right-handedness in conjunction with FS, could be a prerequisite for well-developed nonverbal intelligence. PMID- 3243676 TI - The relationship between nonverbal intelligence and Geschwind scores in left handed subjects. AB - Under psycho motor hypothesis, the relationship between left-handedness and nonverbal intelligence was studied in left-handed male and female subjects. Handedness was assessed by the Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire; Geschwind scores (GS) were calculated for each subject. A GS of - 100 indicated consistent left-handedness. Spatial reasoning (nonverbal intelligence) was assessed by the Cattle's Culture Fair Intelligence Test. In the male and female subjects, the IQs increased for GSs from weak up to moderate left-handedness (GSs: -5 to -60), and decreased from moderate up to strong left-handedness (GSs: -60 to -100) linearly; the regression coefficient were found to be statistically significant. Weak-, and strong left-handedness both were associated with lowest scores; the highest scores were found in the subjects with moderate left-handedness (GSs: -55 to 65). It was concluded that the prerequisite for well-developed spatial reasoning should be two-sided development of the brain instead of one-sided dominance, and well functioning parallel processing between two cerebral hemispheres. PMID- 3243677 TI - Age-dependent responses of ciliary ganglion neurons to conditioned media on cells at different stages of embryonic development. AB - Neurons from ciliary ganglia (CG) from 8 to 14 day-old chick embryos were cultured in presence of conditioned media (CM) by eye tissue cells (ETC) on nonneuronal cells from ciliary ganglia (NFGC). These conditioning cells were obtained from 8 and 14 day-old embryos. Two parameters, surviving neurons and neurons displaying neurites, were determined after 48 h of culture. For neuronal survival, CMs did not show an effect on CG14 neurons. In the other neuronal ages ETC-CMs maintained a similar neuronal survival, whereas NFGC-CMs were more effective on older neurons. CM14 media were more effective maintaining neuronal survival than CM8 media respectives. The number of neurons displaying neurites decreased with neuronal ages in presence of all CMs. ETC8-CM was the better promoting neurite extension in all neuronal ages tested. PMID- 3243678 TI - Serotonergic mechanisms in levodopa-induced "on-off" and sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease. AB - Serotonergic mechanisms have been implicated in levodopa-induced psychiatric toxicity reactions in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although CNS serotonin levels are reduced in Parkinsonian patients, the contribution of this abnormality to the pathophysiology of the motor symptoms of the disease are largely unknown. The following report concerns a 62-year-old female Parkinsonian patient with levodopa induced "On-Off", depression and sleep disturbances, the severity of which was dramatically reduced by administration of low dosage amitriptyline (a serotonergic agent). The report suggests that impaired central serotonergic functions may be implicated in the pathophysiology of the levodopa-induced "On Off" and that pharmacologic manipulations of serotonergic functions may be useful in the management of this motor side effect of chronic levodopa therapy. PMID- 3243679 TI - The protective function of the pineal gland in tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 3243680 TI - Temporal lobe involvement in Capgras syndrome. AB - A Capgras syndrome case is presented. The clinical profile appeared at the onset of treatment with Praziquantel for neurocysticerosis. A left-temporal cysticercum was shown by means of a CT scan. Delusion, accompanied by some neurological symptoms diminished but did not disappear after treatment. The hypotheses for Capgras syndrome are reviewed and it is concluded that it constitutes a cognitive dysmnesic phenomenon (feeling of unreality, impossibility to integrate recently acquired information with old memory traces) and, as such, its origin is likely temporal. PMID- 3243681 TI - Colour-black pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (colour-black-PVEPs): neurobiological aspects and clinical applicability of a new method. AB - The new method of Colour-Black-PVEPs was applied to 67 healthy subjects with normal colour vision who were subdivided into age groups (= AG) I (N = 40: 18-30 years) and AG II (N = 27: 31-60 years): 1. For the N80-, P100- latencies and the N80P100-amplitudes of all Colour-Black-PVEPs we obtained age-, sex- and eye matched normative data. 2. The female subjects of AG I showed shorter (p less than or equal to 0.05 resp. 0.002) P100-latencies and higher (p less than or equal to 0.02 resp. 0.0001) N80P100-amplitudes in the Colour-Black-PVEPs than the male subjects. In AG II, however, the Colour-Black-PVEPs did not show any more sex-differences for the P100-latencies, whereas the N80P100-amplitudes remained significantly higher for the females. 3. In the Colour-Black-PVEPs the N80- and P100-latencies did not reveal age-dependent changes. The N80P100-amplitudes, however, decreased with increasing age, but this was significant for the females only. 4. The head sizes, although decreasing with age, were in both age groups significant smaller for the females only. 4. The head sizes, although decreasing with age, were in both age groups significant smaller for the females. Therefore, head size alone could not fully explain the sex-differences in the Colour-Black PVEPs and their age-dependent changes. 5. In both age groups, the N80--and P100 latencies increased significantly for both sexes from the Green-Black- and Red Black-PVEPs to the Blue-Black-PVEPs. The N80P100-amplitudes decreased in the same sequence. This method may become a valuable tool in the investigation of neurophysiological and ophthalmoneurological aspects of human colour vision. PMID- 3243682 TI - Current source density estimation and interpolation based on the spherical harmonic Fourier expansion. AB - A method for the spatial analysis of EEG and EP data, based on the spherical harmonic Fourier expansion (SHE) of scalp potential measurements, is described. This model provides efficient and accurate formulas for: (1) the computation of the surface Laplacian and (2) the interpolation of electrical potentials, current source densities, test statistics and other derived variables. Physiologically based simulation experiments show that the SHE method gives better estimates of the surface Laplacian than the commonly used finite difference method. Cross validation studies for the objective comparison of different interpolation methods demonstrate the superiority of the SHE over the commonly used methods based on the weighted (inverse distance) average of the nearest three and four neighbor values. PMID- 3243683 TI - Collaboration in nursing education. PMID- 3243684 TI - A collaborative intercampus model for graduate studies in primary care nursing. AB - A feasibility study was conducted to determine the appropriateness of developing an intercampus curriculum for graduate studies in nursing with collaboration between a School of Medicine at one campus and a School of Nursing at another. Methods of data collection included interviews with a broad scope of administrators, faculty and students, synthesis of survey data and other documentation, and a consultation visit by a representative of the United States national accreditation body for nursing. From these data, an advisory committee of faculty administrators from each campus jointly determined the most appropriate criteria upon which to base an intercampus program. A curriculum preparing students in the specialties of either midwifery or family practice was created. The advantages and disadvantages of this collaborative effort are described, along with conclusions regarding factors influencing the effectiveness of the program. PMID- 3243685 TI - The distance learning mode diploma in nursing: a case study of collaboration. AB - This paper presents a summary of the development of a Diploma in Nursing course available through distance teaching. In particular it highlights areas of collaboration both at the institutional and personal levels which extend across national boundaries. It is clear from the analysis that the success of the project depended on this extensive collaboration and that such collaboration represents one of the strengths of distance learning. Finally, it explores some of the potential consequences and conflicts inherent in collaborative projects. PMID- 3243686 TI - Collaboration between nurse educators in Australia and New Zealand extends educational opportunities for nurses. AB - This paper presents a case study style report of a collaborative endeavour between nursing faculty in two institutions, one in New Zealand and the other in Australia. Expertise developed and tested in New Zealand, in teaching through the distance education mode and in the subject area of nursing theory, was able to be applied to assist with establishing a new nursing education programme in Australia. What might have been treated simply as a consultancy situation had greater mutual benefit for all those concerned because of being approached within a collaborative framework. The purpose, process, pitfalls and rewards of the association are described with the hope that others may be stimulated to seek opportunities nationally, and internationally, for pooling resources in the interests of improving the quality and availability of advanced education in nursing. PMID- 3243687 TI - Nursing education and importance of professional status in the nurse role. Expectations and knowledge of the nurse role. AB - Development of the nursing profession is an essential goal of nursing education. One way to reach the goal is by clarifying professional status, a status which for the most part is transferred through tacit knowledge. The goals of any nursing education do not include the entire body of tacit knowledge. The development requires recognition of professional status. Over time, significant changes in distribution of nurses' conceptions about professional status are described. The authors contend that conceptions of the importance of professional status are assimilated during work experience. The necessity and importance of role modelling, role repetition and interactions with a professional group are supported by findings from the literature and the authors' current research. PMID- 3243688 TI - Collaborative nursing research--advantages and obstacles. AB - The experiences outlined in this paper are based upon the collaborative research efforts of nurse researchers in an academic setting and a clinical setting. It is apparent that intra-disciplinary collaborative nursing research is a necessity in a practice discipline such as nursing. While an obvious benefit of collaborative research is to provide a scientific basis for nursing practice other advantages and potential obstacles are presented for consideration. Differences in the missions of clinical practice setting and educational setting were the basis for the challenges in planning and completing this research project. Consideration of all of these factors and the development of methods to work with existing structures seems to have contributed to the successful completion of this project. PMID- 3243689 TI - Effect of vitamin A deficiency on pulmonary defense systems of guinea pig lung. AB - Vitamin A deficiency causes a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and GSH levels. Simultaneously, it causes a marked increase in Phase I microsomal oxidation (cytochrome P-450, aniline hydroxylase, PNA-O-demethylase) as well as in enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in lung. Among Phase II enzymes, cytosolic chlorodinitrobenzene glutathione-S transferase (CDNB-GST) activity showed a significant increase whereas microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase and cytosolic p-nitrobenzoyl chloride- and dichloro nitrobenzyl chloride-S-transferase activities showed variable decrease reflecting an imbalance in the Phase I and Phase II enzyme systems. CDNB-GST and non-Se-GSH Px, registered a parallel rise with pulmonary cytochrome P-450, aniline hydroxylase and O-demethylase, as an adaptive response to elevated Phase I enzyme activity. PMID- 3243690 TI - Serum levels of carcinomedin (1-keto-24-methyl-25-hydroxycholecalciferol) as an indicator of the progression of cancer. Preliminary results of a prospective study. AB - The serum levels of the cholesterol derivative 1-keto-24-methyl-25 hydroxycholecalciferol found in patients with cancer varies after surgical, chemical or radiotherapy treatments. The serum level associated with the vitamin profile has a predictive value for evaluating progress of the disease and therapeutic efficacy. The detection, identification and assay of a vitamin D3 derivative, 1-keto-24-methyl-25-hydroxycholecalciferol, named carcinomedin by us, in the serum of cancer patients was described in prior work. Also, the assay of carcinomedin, combined with those of serum levels of vitamin A, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol indicated a statistically significant correlation between these parameters and the localization of the primary neoplastic mass. In spite of the probable connection between carcinomedin and the presence of a neoplastic mass, several questions remain unanswered. In particular, it may be asked if the stage and progression of the tumor, surgical, chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic treatments may be related with any type of change in the serum levels of carcinomedin and fat soluble vitamins? To verify and respond to these questions, patients with various cancers (stomach, esophagus, breast, ovaries, uterus, etc.) were followed for three years. Clinical data were compared to analytical data supplied by assays of carcinomedin and the fat soluble vitamins. PMID- 3243691 TI - Tocopherol concentrations in platelets in children. AB - To determine the normal range of platelet tocopherol concentrations in childhood, 158 healthy children, 3 months to 15 years old, including 81 males and 77 females were examined and this population was compared with adults. In children, the mean platelet tocopherol concentration was 0.17 micrograms/mg protein, ranging from 0.07 to 0.39 micrograms/mg protein, with a nearly logarithmic distribution. Levels of less than 0.10 micrograms/mg protein were found in only 4 of the 158 subjects. This level may be too low in platelet concentrations for this population of children. Platelet and plasma tocopherol concentrations, and the ratio of plasma tocopherol to total lipids (tocopherol/lipid ratio) in children, excluding the infant group of less than 1 year old, were lower than those in adults. The findings from this population were quite consistent with those of a population previously investigated, with respect to the distribution of plasma and RBC tocopherol concentrations and the tocopherol/lipid ratio. The tocopherol concentrations in plasma, RBCs, and platelets in the infant group were higher than those in the other children's groups (more than 1 year old), and those concentrations were comparable to the adult ones. This may reflect the higher intake of alpha-tocopherol from the prepared formulas containing more than 1,000 micrograms/dl. PMID- 3243692 TI - Toxic effect of a photo-induced tryptophan-riboflavin adduct on F9 teratocarcinoma cells and preimplantation mouse embryos. AB - Solutions containing L-tryptophan and riboflavin exposed to visible light, under N2 atmosphere, yield a tryptophan-riboflavin adduct, able to inhibit the growth of cultured F9 teratocarcinoma cells. This same effect was found in the presence of a mixture of the tryptophan photooxidation products and the adduct, when using solutions previously irradiated with visible light in an O2 atmosphere. A cytotoxic effect was also observed with embryos incubated in the presence of a tryptophan-riboflavin adduct, in the latter case necrosis and embryo development arrest occurred. PMID- 3243693 TI - Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on choline acetyltransferase activity in cat brain. AB - Vitamin B12 was daily supplemented to a semi-purified casein diet and given per os during 17 consecutive days to cats in a dosage of 25 micrograms/kg every morning at the meal time. The specific choline acetyltransferase activity, measured in several structures in cat brain, was significantly increased in the hypothalamus, piriform lobe, hippocampus, pons and pons raphe nuclei and significantly decreased in the medulla raphe nuclei, respectively. These results demonstrate for the first time that vitamin B12 involved as coenzyme in biochemical reactions related to the liberation of methyl synthesis synthesis through the bioavailability of choline, the enzyme substrate of choline acetyltransferase. These results might contribute to a better understanding of some neurochemical mechanisms related to Alzheimer-type dementia. PMID- 3243694 TI - Role of pantothenic and ascorbic acid in wound healing processes: in vitro study on fibroblasts. AB - In order to analyze the possible role of pantothenic acid (PA) and ascorbic acid (AA) in wound healing processes, the effects of these vitamins upon the growth of fibroblasts, obtained from human fetal skin or foreskin, were studied. Cell proliferation, protein synthesis and protein release were evaluated. The rate of cell growth remained identical when PA or AA were added to the culture medium. PA increased the basal incorporation of 14C proline into precipitated material while AA did not modify this action. However, when cultures were incubated with PA and AA, the release of intracellular protein into the culture medium increased. These results suggest that the combined use of these two vitamins might be of interest in postsurgical therapy and in wound healing. PMID- 3243695 TI - Ingestion of grapefruit lowers elevated hematocrits in human subjects. AB - This study was based on in vitro observations that naringin isolated from grapefruit induced red cell aggregation and evidence that clumped red cells are removed from the circulation by phagocytosis. The effect on hematocrits of adding grapefruit to the daily diet was determined using 36 human subjects (12 F, 24 M) over a 42-day study. The hematocrits ranged from 36.5 to 55.8% at the start and 38.8% to 49.2% at the end of the study. There was a differential effect on the hematocrit. The largest decreases occurred at the highest hematocrits and the effect decreased on the intermediate hematocrits; however, the low hematocrits increased. There was no significant difference between ingesting 1/2 or 1 grapefruit per day but a decrease in hematocrit due to ingestion of grapefruit was statistically significant at the p less than 0.01 level. PMID- 3243696 TI - Flavones in citrus exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets. AB - Two methoxylated flavones isolated from citrus, sinensetin (5 methoxyls) and heptamethoxy flavone (7 methoxyls), were compared in vitro with nobiletin for antiadhesive activity on rat platelets. Nobiletin (a hexamethoxyflavone also isolated from citrus) has been previously shown by several workers to have antiadhesive and antithrombogenic activity. The penta- and heptamethoxylated flavones exhibited anti-adhesive activity similar to that of nobiletin. However, activity did not parallel number of methoxyl groups which appear to indicate some degree of specificity between flavone structure and antiadhesive activity on platelets. PMID- 3243697 TI - Effect of combined contraceptive steroid on rat brain ascorbate-acetylcholine with reference to protein restriction. AB - To evaluate the effects of combined contraceptive steroids on brain ascorbic acid and acetylcholine during protein restriction with respect to normal dietary condition the rats were subjected to normal (18% casein) and protein restricted (5% casein) diet for 28 days. Subsequently they were treated with combined contraceptive steroids for 28 days. Smear study were performed throughout the periods of dietary regimen and the drug treatment. Ascorbic acid and acetylcholine concentration of six discrete regions of brain were estimated from all groups of rats. At normal dietary state the combined contraceptive steroids significantly increase the ascorbic acid and decrease the acetylcholine concentration in the brain areas. At this state diestrus phase was indicated by smear study. After steroid treatment during protein restriction significant decrease of ascorbic acid and significant increase of acetylcholine concentration occurred in the brain areas. Proestrus and estrus phases were continued as indicated by smear study. It may therefore be presumed that contraceptive steroids affect the brain regional ascorbic acid and acetylcholine in an opposite manner during normal and protein restricted dietary condition. PMID- 3243698 TI - Diet of two rural population groups of middle-aged men in Italy. AB - In 1965 a dietary survey with use of the dietary history method was carried out among 1536 middle-aged men from two rural areas of Italy, Crevalcore in the North and Montegiorgio in the Center, in connection with the Seven Countries Study on the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases. In general the diet, while rather heterogeneous across individuals, was typically Mediterranean, that is rich in cereals, vegetables, fruits and vegetable oils, particularly olive oil and moderate in animal products. Intake of alcoholic beverages, mostly wine, was rather high. There were some differences between the two areas in consumption of some food-items such as milk, meat, fruits, sugar and cakes, pies and cookies. The dietary history method, as used here, was validated concurrently on a subsample by the 3-day weighing method and chemical analyses of 3-day food composites, with satisfactory results. PMID- 3243699 TI - The effect of a low copper diet on blood cholesterol and enzymic antioxidant defense mechanisms in male and female rats. AB - The effect of copper deficiency on blood cholesterol and antioxidant defense mechanisms was investigated in male and female rats. Diets low in copper (Cu, 0.3 mg/kg) were given to a group of male (n = 5) and a group of female (n = 5), weanling Wistar rats for ten weeks. Diets containing adequate copper (Cu, 3.7 mg/kg) fed to another group of males (n = 5) and another group of females (n = 5) served as controls. Serum cholesterol levels and erythrocyte, granulocyte, lymphocyte and macrophage antioxidant enzyme activities were compared. Only copper deficient males showed increased serum cholesterol levels compared to controls. There were no significantly differences in erythrocyte measurements due to copper status, but males had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher haemoglobin levels, and erythrocyte catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than females. Low copper diets significantly decreased granulocyte SOD (P less than 0.01) in males, peritoneal macrophage SOD in females and lymphocyte SOD (P less than 0.05) in both sexes. Female controls had significantly (P less than 0.01) higher macrophage SOD than male controls and lymphocyte SOD was significantly higher in females. Results demonstrate sex differentiated effects of low copper diets on blood cholesterol and antioxidant defence mechanisms. PMID- 3243700 TI - Control of aluminium ingestion and its relation to longevity. AB - The work of many researchers has firmly established that random, non-enzymic crosslinking occurs in aging. Aluminium is one of the most powerful, and of the most widely distributed crosslinking agents. The published information on aluminium content in human nutrition has given highly divergent results. Since aluminium has been implicated in human neural and other disease, we have undertaken a broad study of aluminium content of food, using throughout the study atomic absorption spectrometry. All of the data reported have been obtained with the same methods and instrumentation set aside expressly for only this project. All determinations were made in triplicate, by the same researchers. If results differed more than 15% a rerun was made. The results show differences of up to over a hundred times, and commonly over 10 times between the highest and the lowest values of any foods analysed. These data show lack of control. Findings also indicate that if only the top 10% could be avoided, from a health standpoint significant reduction of aluminium intake would be achieved. PMID- 3243701 TI - Thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake in Iran. AB - The thyroidal uptake of iodine in 356 goitrous patients in Tehran and Mashad (two major cities in Iran) was studied. 131I was orally administered at the doses 10 to 50 microCi and the uptake was measured 2 and 24 hours following administration. The results demonstrate that the iodine deficiency is the main cause of goitre in these two cities and that the deficiency in Mashad is more severe than in Tehran. PMID- 3243703 TI - Dietary lactitol elevates liver cholesterol in rats. PMID- 3243702 TI - Riboflavin metabolism in the optic nerve of albino rabbit. PMID- 3243704 TI - Plasma ascorbic acid determination: is it necessary to centrifuge and to stabilize blood samples immediately in the field? PMID- 3243705 TI - Effect of different dietary fats on ethanol metabolism: implications for pathogenesis of experimental alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 3243706 TI - A method for measuring skin tension. AB - A simple device for measuring skin tension across a surgical incision was developed and tested. The device consists of a semicircular stainless steel stress member fitted with strain gauges in a wheatstone bridge configuration. The stress member transforms the external strain to a level that allows the strain gauges to function within their full dynamic range of five percent. A strain gauge reader was used to digitize the strain. Forces ranging from 0.5 grams to 500 grams were reliably measured with the device. A calibration curve was constructed, relating force to strain. The data acquired from three surgical tests of the device indicate that it is extremely easy to use, takes very little time to operate, and is compact. The tensiometer may aid in the development of a more quantitative description of in vivo skin tension. It is also possible to indicate suture strength required for a particular incision or the direction of the incision to minimize scarring. PMID- 3243707 TI - The controlled application of cold and heat by a new device (Migra-lief apparatus) in the treatment of headache. PMID- 3243708 TI - Autonomic dysfunction in migraine: a survey of 188 patients. PMID- 3243709 TI - Mitochondrial abnormalities in migraine. Preliminary findings. PMID- 3243710 TI - Preventing migraine: a study of precipitating factors. PMID- 3243711 TI - Interhemispheric attentional functioning in classic migraine subjects during paroxysmal and interparoxysmal phases. PMID- 3243712 TI - The association between analgesic abuse and headache--coincidental or causal. PMID- 3243713 TI - A note on migraine and the nose. PMID- 3243714 TI - [The pharmacokinetics of light-protective agents by photoacoustic spectroscopy]. AB - We report on in vivo investigations by photoacoustic spectroscopy on the liberation and horny-layer penetration of UV-absorbing drugs from topically applied vehicle films. This spectroscopic technique can be used to determine the absorption of light in the skin with a depth resolution adequate for the 12 microns-thick horny layer and to gain information on temporal variations in the concentration profile of drug penetrating into the horny layer. Experimental results are presented for the UV-absorbing drugs Uvinul T 150 and P 25 applied to the skin in different vehicles. The results are discussed with reference to model calculations demonstrating the influence of different rate-determining steps on temporal variations in concentration profiles. PMID- 3243715 TI - [Therapy of oral hairy leukoplakia with acyclovir]. AB - Oral hairy leukoplakia was treated in six patients with (a) acyclovir (i.v. or p.o.), (b) 0.1% vitamin-A acid solution or (c) human beta-interferon-gel (10(5) I.E./g) in a total of 23 therapeutic courses. In 5/6 patients, acyclovir (7.5 mg/kg every 8 h i.v. or 5 x 400 mg p.o. over 5-10 days) led to partial (n = 1) or complete (n = 4) remission. After 1-6 months, however, the leukoplakia recurred in all cases. Vitamin-A acid solution (n = 3) led to remission in one and to improvement in the others. Human beta-interferon gel (n = 3) had no visible effect. The efficacy of acyclovir is further evidence of the concept that the Epstein-Barr virus is a major cause of oral hairy leukoplakia. PMID- 3243716 TI - [Folliculitis nuchae scleroticans--successful treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin)]. AB - Acne keloidalis nuchae is characterized by keloidal papules and plaques. The lesions are located on the occipital scalp and posterior neck. This rare therapy resistant condition is nearly always seen in men, particularly in negroes. Advanced stages of the disease require surgical excision with split-thickness skin grafts or treatment with a CO2 laser. Oral therapy with 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) in a 23-year-old white man resulted in remarkable improvement within a few weeks. PMID- 3243717 TI - [Goltz-Gorlin syndrome without focal dermal hypoplasia]. AB - An unusual type of pigmentary disturbance is described in a 24-year-old man. The skin lesions consisted of patchy hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation intermingled with teleangiectasias. They were distributed in a nevoid pattern following the lines of Blaschko. The patient had, in addition, multiple skin colored papules in the cranial area of the gluteal fold, a fovea coccygea, and mild clinodactyly of both hands. Histopathologically, the dermis was of normal thickness and herniation of subcutaneous adipose tissue was absent in all five biopsies. This phenotype can be best explained as a case of Goltz-Gorlin syndrome without focal dermal hypoplasia. If this holds true, focal dermal hypoplasia in terms of a reduced thickness of the dermis is no longer a prerequisite for the diagnosis of the Goltz-Gorlin syndrome. PMID- 3243718 TI - [Vulvovaginitis circinata in Reiter's disease]. AB - A case of Reiter's disease with circinate vulvovaginitis is presented. As a clinical analogue to circinate balanitis, it should have the same diagnostic value. A combined treatment of prednisone and aromatic retinoid proved to be effective. PMID- 3243719 TI - [Congenital ischemic onychodystrophy (Iso-Kikuchi syndrome) and chronic lupus erythematosus]. AB - We report a patient with nail and bone disorders of the index and middle fingers (Iso and Kikuchi syndrome) associated with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Angiographic studies showed filiform arteries of the fingers and slow blood circulation. Since a vascular pathogenic mechanisms is probable, the designation "Congenital ischemic onychodystrophy" seems more suitable. The association with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus has not previously been reported. PMID- 3243720 TI - Studies on antigenic communities between the Yamanashi and Chinese strains of Schistosoma japonicum eggs and Oncomelania snails by immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 3243721 TI - A medicolegal case of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3243722 TI - Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography for evaluating hepatic tumors. PMID- 3243723 TI - A case report of intraatrial thrombus with echogenic blood stasis examined by transesophageal echocardiography. PMID- 3243725 TI - Pediatric nursing research published from 1977 to 1986. PMID- 3243724 TI - Left ventricular aneurysm with mural thrombus occurring in a patient with patent coronary arteries. PMID- 3243726 TI - Fostering potentiality in persons with mental retardation. PMID- 3243727 TI - Substituted judgment in the pediatric health care setting. PMID- 3243728 TI - Sensory integration: a reason for infant enrichment. PMID- 3243729 TI - Cross protection between an encapsulated strain of Staphylococcus hyicus and encapsulated strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Strain ST67P of Staphylococcus hyicus grew diffusely in regular serum-soft agar. With the addition of rabbit antisera prepared with Staph. aureus strains, Smith, NS58D or NS41D, capsular type A, B or C, respectively, the organisms converted to compact type growth. Mice immunized with heat-killed vaccine of strain ST67P showed significant resistance against either homologous or heterologous strains, Smith, NS58D and NS41D. Passive protective activities in rabbit antisera prepared with strains Smith, NS58D and NS41D were absorbed out with either homologous cell surface polysaccharide fraction or cell surface polysaccharide fraction extracted from strain ST67P. Well-defined large capsules were observed in ultra-thin sections treated with rabbit antiserum prepared with homologous strain conjugated with ferritin. Also, the capsule surrounded by ferritin granules was shown in ultra-thin sections treated with ferritin conjugated with antisera prepared with those heterologous strains although the capsular size was significantly smaller than those observed by homologous antiserum. PMID- 3243730 TI - [Socio-medical background of leprosy in the northern India. III. Leprosy and diet]. PMID- 3243731 TI - [Epidemiological immunological studies on leprosy in Okinawa. IV. Relationships between Mitsuda's reaction and each of personal, family histories and clinical findings of inpatients]. PMID- 3243732 TI - Penicillin-binding proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) patterns of penicillin-resistant laboratory constructed transformants were compared with the PBP profiles of 26 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. For transformation studies DNA from a penicillin-resistant clinical isolate was used to transform a susceptible laboratory strain. Penicillin resistance was achieved in two transformation cycles. The frequency of transformation appeared to be dependent on the genetic status of the recipient used for the second transformation cross. Penicillin resistance was also attained in a single transformation round when time was allowed for full expression of random multiple transformations. PBP 2b was the first PBP to show an alteration in penicillin-binding affinity. This PBP was not easily detected in those transformants for which penicillin MICs exceeded 0.2 mg/l. The PBP profiles of the clinical isolates were complex. In addition to previously-described PBPs, new intermediate classes were demonstrated. No correlation between PBP profile and susceptibility was observed with clinical isolates except that PBP-2b exhibited molecular weight changes in moderately susceptible strains. PMID- 3243733 TI - Resistance of bacterial pathogens to four aminoglycosides and six other antibacterials and prevalence of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, in 20 UK centres. AB - A total of 5116 non-fastidious bacterial strains isolated from either blood or urine culture were collected from 20 geographically distributed centres within the UK. Upon receipt the strains were identified and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ten antimicrobial agents in hospital usage were determined for each of the strains. All laboratories submitted a similar range of bacterial species and in species normally considered as sensitive the overall rates of resistance to the different antibiotics tested were: amikacin 2.4%, gentamicin 3.7%, netilmicin 2.6%, tobramycin 3.4%, ampicillin 41.7%, cefadroxil 11.6%, cefotaxime 1.4% [corrected], cefuroxime 4.3%, ciprofloxacin 0.6% and trimethoprim 13.0%. For those strains resistant to one or more aminoglycosides the mechanisms of resistance responsible were determined from the aminoglycoside-resistance patterns of the strains to 16 different aminoglycoside antibiotics. The predominant mechanisms of resistance found were APH(2") + AAC(6') production in staphylococci. AAC(2') production in Providencia spp., and AAC(3) production in the other Gram-negative genera. PMID- 3243734 TI - In-vitro activity of seventeen antimicrobial compounds against seven species of mycobacteria. AB - Within attainable serum concentrations, quinolones, especially ciprofloxacin, inhibited strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. xenopi, M. kansasii, M. fortuitum and M. marinum; vancomycin inhibited M. tuberculosis, the M. avium intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex. M. kansasii, M. xenopi and M. chelonei; erythromycin was active against M. kansasii, M. xenopi and M. fortuitum, minocycline against M. kansasii and M. marinum and netilmicin and cefuroxime against M. xenopi. Aztreonam showed some activity against M. tuberculosis but little or no effect was shown by five cephalosporins or imipenem. PMID- 3243735 TI - In-vitro assessment of lomefloxacin (SC-47111)--a new quinolone derivative. AB - The activity of lomefloxacin (SC-47111) was studied in vitro against 500 clinical isolates. Comparison was made with enoxacin and ciprofloxacin. Lomefloxacin was comparable in activity to enoxacin, but less active than ciprofloxacin. Most Gram negative bacilli were susceptible, including several multi-resistant strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed variable susceptibility. Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, were generally the least susceptible organisms. PMID- 3243736 TI - Laboratory assessment of lomefloxacin (SC-47111) in comparison with norfloxacin. AB - The activity of lomefloxacin and norfloxacin against 681 bacterial strains, including 520 strains isolated from infected urine was assessed in vitro. All strains were tested in two inocula and the susceptibility of urinary isolates was evaluated at three pH levels. Lomefloxacin displayed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity which was similar to that of norfloxacin and which was independent of inoculum size. Good activity was shown for lomefloxacin against all Gram-negative urinary pathogens: strains of Pseudomonas spp and nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacteria were the least susceptible, indicating a degree of cross resistance between newer quinolones and nalidixic acid. Lomefloxacin generally showed more modest activity against Gram-positive cocci and bacteroides than against enterobacteria. Under the acidic conditions that commonly prevail in urine the activity of both compounds against Gram-negative urinary pathogens was markedly reduced, whereas strains of Gram-positive cocci were only minimally affected. PMID- 3243737 TI - Activity of cilofungin (LY121019) against Candida species in vitro. AB - Cilofungin (LY121019) was compared with amphotericin B in vitro for its inhibitory and fungicidal activity against Candida species. In minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests the two compounds showed comparable inhibitory activity against 31 isolates of C. albicans and C. tropicalis. However, cilofungin was by comparison only weakly active against 19 isolates representing the species C. glabrata, C. kefyr and C. krusei, and essentially inactive against 11 isolates representing C. guilliermondii and C. parapsilosis. The inhibitory activity of cilofungin, unlike that of amphotericin B, was reduced in medium containing serum. Relative inhibition factors (RIFs) for the two compounds confirmed the MIC data: RIFs of 85% and more were obtained in tests with species other than C. albicans and C. tropicalis: for the latter two species, RIFs were in the range 41 66%, indicating drug activity comparable to that of systematically active azole compounds. (RIFs for amphotericin B were less than 40% for all isolates.) Cilofungin was generally less fungicidal than amphotericin B, and it was only rarely fungicidal in tests done in medium containing serum. Because of its inhibitory action and its low toxicity, the compound may prove to be therapeutically useful in infections caused by the two most commonly encountered pathogenic Candida species. PMID- 3243738 TI - Use of a continuous culture system for susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacterial isolates to piperacillin. AB - Fifteen (15.2%) of 99 Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients during episodes of fever and neutropenia had minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from less than 2 to 32 mg/l but were not fully sensitive to piperacillin by disc diffusion testing. These 15 isolates were further examined using a chemostat system, in which susceptible isolates were rapidly killed by piperacillin. Only three of the 15 isolates were susceptible to piperacillin when compared to sensitive control strains using the chemostat system. The results of this study suggest that an increase in the MIC to piperacillin is a less sensitive indicator of resistance to piperacillin amongst Gram-negative isolates than a reduction in the zone of inhibition in disc diffusion testing. PMID- 3243739 TI - Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of cefpirome, a new cephalosporin. AB - The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration (as measured by a blister fluid model) of cefpirome were studied in six male volunteers following a 1 g intravenous dose. A mean peak serum concentration (at 5 min) of 97.4 mg/l was followed by rapid distribution into an apparent volume of 21.3 1. The serum elimination half-life was 2.3 h. Cefpirome penetrated rapidly into inflammatory fluid with a mean peak concentration of 39.2 mg/l at 1.9 h. The mean inflammatory fluid elimination half-life was 2.5 h. The availability of the drug in inflammatory fluid was high with a mean per cent penetration of 123%. The plasma and renal clearances were 109.5 and 82.1 ml/min respectively. Twenty-four hour urinary recovery was 75.5% of the administered dose. This study suggests that a twice daily dosage may be sufficient to treat tissue infections with susceptible pathogens. PMID- 3243740 TI - Josamycin pulmonary penetration determined by broncho-alveolar lavage in man. AB - Macrolide antibiotics are concentrated by phagocytic cells in vitro. We studied the in-vivo uptake of josamycin by alveolar macrophages recovered by broncho alveolar lavage performed in patients 3 h after ingestion of 1 g of the drug. Simultaneous determination of the antibiotic levels was performed on the BAL supernatant and the serum and the results compared to those obtained by incubating alveolar macrophages and blood polymorphonuclears at 2 and 8 mg/l. Josamycin concentration was measured using a high pressure liquid chromatography method. Results show that intracellular josamycin levels in vivo are similar to those observed in vitro. Accumulation of the drug also occurs in BAL fluid (reaching about a 100-fold the serum concentration). Pulmonary and serum levels are significantly correlated. PMID- 3243741 TI - A rapid, enzymatic method for the determination of chloramphenicol in serum. AB - A simple, rapid assay of serum chloramphenicol has been developed which combines the specificity of the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase with the convenience of a colorimetric detection system. The assay is linear over the drug concentration range 5-200 microM (1.5-65 mg/l) and therefore is suitable for detection below and above the therapeutic range (31-62 microM, 10-20 mg/l with potential toxicity above 75 microM, 24 mg/l). This method does not detect the microbiologically inactive succinate or palmitate pro-drugs of chloramphenicol and evidence suggests that the major metabolite, chloramphenicol glucuronide also is not detected. Good correlation with an HPLC method has been achieved (r = 0.9860). The assay is based on a two reagent system with very simple methodology, the only instrumentation required being a spectrophotometer. However, the assay could be adapted to run on a range of discrete analysers. PMID- 3243742 TI - Single low-dose ofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in young women. AB - Fifty premenopausal women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) were treated with a single dose of 100 mg of ofloxacin. Duration of symptoms before the treatment, number of episodes of UTI during the last year, association with sexual activity, and the use of contraceptives were evaluated in relation to the clinical and microbiological response. Forty-seven women (94%) were cured clinically and microbiologically three days after treatment. Follow up at 28 days disclosed that 43 (86%) were free of symptoms and in 40 (80%) the urinary cultures were negative. Significantly higher rates of microbiological failure or reinfection were found among women with three or more episodes of UTI during the last year. This study shows that a single dose of ofloxacin is effective for therapy of uncomplicated UTI in young women. PMID- 3243743 TI - Metronidazole-resistant Bacteroides melaninogenicus. PMID- 3243744 TI - [The value of CT in the diagnosis and treatment of aspergilloma]. PMID- 3243745 TI - [Computerized tomography of the renal sinus]. PMID- 3243746 TI - Abnormal leakage of serous fluid through the wall of vascular prosthetic material causing a tumor-like mass in the posterior part of the mediastinum. PMID- 3243747 TI - [Computerized tomography of a postoperative rhabdomyolysis]. PMID- 3243748 TI - Herpes simplex type I necrotizing meningo-encephalitis leading to arterial-venous thrombosis and brain death in an infant. A pictorial case report. PMID- 3243749 TI - Descending perineum syndrome: control defecogram with a "perineum device", perspective in prevention and conservative therapy. PMID- 3243750 TI - Colonic diverticulitis. PMID- 3243751 TI - Congenital absence of pericardium. PMID- 3243752 TI - Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver. PMID- 3243753 TI - A complicated case of sigmoid diverticular disease. PMID- 3243754 TI - Volvulus of the caecum. PMID- 3243755 TI - Hyperlucent lung due to a calcium-containing bronchogenic cyst. PMID- 3243756 TI - Obstructive urinary syndrome. PMID- 3243757 TI - MR appearance of a prolactinoma. PMID- 3243758 TI - Extradural arachnoid cyst. PMID- 3243759 TI - Fibrous dysplasia of the rib. PMID- 3243760 TI - Microcystic calcifying liponecrosis following carcinomatous mastitis. PMID- 3243761 TI - Embolization of malignant renal neoplasm. PMID- 3243762 TI - Chemical study of the mechanism for conversion of dimethylacetal obtained by methanolysis of plasmalogen to alkenylmethylether. AB - The mechanism for the conversion of dimethylacetal which was obtained by methanolysis of plasmalogen to alkenylmethylether was studied by IR spectroscopy, TLC, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Heating dimethylacetal in an evacuated sealed glass tube at 250 degrees C for 15 min quantitatively yielded the corresponding alkenylmethylether. The alkenylmethylether yielded two bands of about equal amounts on TLC due to cis and trans configurations at the C-1 and C-2 position. Both 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR showed that the signals of protons and carbons at O-CH3, C-1, and C-2 positions were shifted downfield due to the formation of a double bond between the C-1 and C-2, and that each signal derived from O-CH3, C-1, or C 2 position was divided into two signals due to the formation of cis and trans isomers of the alkenylmethylether. As the two signals had the same intensities, it was suggested that equivalent amounts of cis and trans isomers of the alkenylmether were formed. Since alkenylmethylether was quantitatively converted from dimethylacetal, it was suggested that the alkenylether of plasmalogen could be analyzed as alkenylmethylether together with the fatty acid methylester at the same time by GLC using a silicone capillary column, OV-101. PMID- 3243763 TI - RNA polymerase of influenza virus: role of NP in RNA chain elongation. AB - Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) cores of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 were dissociated into RNA polymerase (PB1-PB2-PA complex)-associated genome RNA and nuclear protein (NP) fractions by CsCl centrifugation. The RNA polymerase-RNA complexes were capable of catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of capped RNA, the initiation of primer-dependent RNA synthesis, and the synthesis of small-sized RNA, but were unable to synthesize template-sized RNA. By adding the NP protein to the RNA polymerase-RNA complexes, RNP (RNA polymerase-RNA-NP) complexes were reconstituted; they synthesized template-sized transcripts as did native RNP cores. These observations are consistent with the model where viral RNA polymerase is composed of the three P proteins while NP is essential for the elongation of RNA chains. RNP was completely dissociated into RNA-free proteins (PB1, PB2, PA, and NP) and a protein-free genome RNA fraction by centrifugation in cesium trifluoroacetate (CsTFA) and glycerol. By mixing the protein and RNA fractions, primer-dependent RNA-synthesizing activity was regained. These complexes, however, produced only small-sized RNA, presumably due to incorrect assembly of NP on viral RNA. PMID- 3243764 TI - Blood clotting factor IX Niigata: substitution of alanine-390 by valine in the catalytic domain. AB - Factor IX Niigata is a mutant factor IX responsible for the moderately severe hemophilia B in a patient who has a normal level of factor IX antigen with reduced clotting activity (1-4% of normal). We reported previously that the purified mutant protein could be converted to the factor IXa beta form by factor XIa/Ca2+ at a rate similar to that in the case of normal factor IX, but the resulting mutant factor IXa beta could not activate factor X in the presence of factor VIII, Ca2+, and phospholipids (Yoshioka, A. et al. (1986) Thromb. Res. 42, 595-604). In the present study, we analyzed factor IX Niigata at the structural level to elucidate the molecular abnormality responsible for the loss of clotting activity. Amino acid sequence analysis of a peptide obtained on lysyl endopeptidase digestion, coupled with subsequent SP-V8 digestion, demonstrated that the alanine at position 390 was substituted by valine in the catalytic domain of the factor IX Niigata molecule. PMID- 3243765 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against rat platelet phospholipase A2. AB - Monoclonal antibodies which bind specifically to rat platelet phospholipase A2 have been raised. None of them bound to exocrine phospholipase A2 derived from pancreas or snake venom. All antibodies recognized the conformational structure of rat platelet phospholipase A2 supported by intramolecular disulfide bonds, since the reactivity between the antibodies and the enzyme was lost in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. One of them, designed MB5.2, inhibited the activity of the platelet phospholipase A2 in a dose-dependent manner. A kinetic study revealed that antibody MB5.2 apparently competed with the substrate for the active site of the enzyme. The other antibodies, designed MD7.1 and ME6.1, inhibited the binding of the enzyme to heparin. The distribution of phospholipases A2 bearing a similar determinant to rat platelet phospholipase A2 was investigated by immunoprecipitation of the enzyme activity or by an immunoblot technique. Among rat tissues, cross-reactivity was observed with phospholipases A2 from spleen, lung, and bone marrow. Extracellular phospholipase A2 detected in the peritoneal cavity of casein-treated rat was also recognized by these antibodies. Furthermore, antibody MD7.1 cross-reacted with rabbit and guinea pig platelet phospholipases A2. PMID- 3243766 TI - Cytochrome P-450 in human liver microsomes: high-performance liquid chromatographic isolation of three forms and their characterization. AB - Three forms of cytochrome P-450, designated as P-450-HM1, P-450-HM2, and P-450 HM3, were isolated from human liver microsomes using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Each purified preparation showed a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). From the results of SDS-PAGE, the molecular weights of P-450-HM1, P-450 HM2, and P-450-HM3 were estimated to be 51,000, 54,000, and 52,000, respectively. The oxidized absolute spectra of these three forms of cytochrome P-450 showed Soret absorption peaks at around 417 nm, indicating that these forms were in the low spin state. In a reconstituted system, P-450-HM1 showed the highest catalytic activities of nifedipine and (S)- or (R)-nilvadipine oxidases. The same form showed higher activities of testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase and progesterone 6 beta- and 16 alpha-hydroxylases. P-450-HM2 showed high N-demethylase activities for benz-phetamine and aminopyrine, and also showed the highest activity of testosterone 16 beta-hydroxylase among the three forms, while it did not show detectable activities of testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase and progesterone 6 beta- and 16 alpha-hydroxylases. Anti-P-450-HM1 immunoglobulin G (IgG), but not anti-P 450-HM2 IgG, inhibited the activities of testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase and nifedipine and nilvadipine oxidases in human liver microsomes. Anti-P-450-HM1 IgG was also inhibitory against progesterone 6 beta- and 16 alpha hydroxylases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243767 TI - Primary structure of a ribonuclease from bovine brain. AB - The primary structure of a pyrimidine base-specific ribonuclease from bovine brain was determined. The sequence determined is (sequence; see text). Although the sequence homology of this RNase with bovine pancreatic RNase A is 78.2%, it consists of 140 amino acid residues, and it is 16 amino acid residues longer than RNase A at the carboxyl-terminal. In addition to an N-glycosylated long carbohydrate chain, the bovine brain RNase has two short O-glycosylated carbohydrate chains at the 129th and the 133rd serine residues. The additional C terminal tail of the bovine brain RNase has a unique composition: 6 proline, 5 hydrophobic amino acids, and two basic amino acids, arginine and histidine. PMID- 3243768 TI - Determination of the phosphorylation sites of calmodulin catalyzed by casein kinase 2. AB - Calmodulin is specifically phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 (CK 2), but not by casein kinase 1, A kinase, or C kinase. In the present report, the stoichiometry of the phosphorylation of calmodulin by CK 2 in the presence and absence of polylysine and its phosphorylation sites were examined. In the absence of polylysine, the radioactive phosphate incorporated into calmodulin by CK 2 was only 0.01 mol/mol and the phosphorylation occurred at Ser-101. In the presence of polylysine, 1.2 mol of radioactive phosphate was incorporated into 1 mol of calmodulin. In this case, Thr-79 in addition to Ser-101 was phosphorylated, but Ser-81 was not. The sequence around the phosphorylated Thr is Asp-Thr(P)-Asp-Ser Glu-Glu-Glu-. PMID- 3243769 TI - Transport of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol across plasma membranes in rat hepatoma cells. AB - The transport of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AG) across plasma membranes was investigated in rat hepatoma cells, Reuber H-35. The AG uptake by the cells showed a concentration gradient dependency: the uptake was saturated within 40 s, which was less than one-third of the saturation time for 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DG) uptake. Furthermore, the Km value of the transport system for AG was higher than 100 mM. Though AG has a pyranoid structure resembling that of glucose, AG did not compete for cellular uptake with DG, D-glucose or 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, which are taken into cells through the glucose transporters. Conversely, the DG transport was not inhibited by AG at concentrations up to 50 mM. AG transport was hardly inhibited by 10 microM cytochalasin B, which strongly inhibits glucose transporters. In contrast, the AG transport was inhibited by 100 microM phloretin much more strongly than the DG transport when cells were preincubated with the inhibitor; the inhibition constant was 28.0 microM. The AG transport was not inhibited by 100 microM phloridzin, while the DG uptake was slightly inhibited by phloridzin. On the basis of these observations we propose that the AG uptake into rat hepatoma cells is mediated by a carrier distinct from glucose transporters. PMID- 3243770 TI - Ca2+-binding of S-100 protein in the presence of K+ and Mg2+. AB - Ca2+-binding of S-100 protein was studied using a Ca2+ electrode at pH 6.80. In the presence of 0.1 M KCl and 10 mM MgCl2 (ionic strength 0.13), Ca2+-binding to S-100 protein occurred in three steps with positive cooperativity. The numbers of bound Ca2+ ions in the three steps were 2, 2, and 4. The Ca2+-binding constants were 6.9 x 10(3) M-1, 2.9 x 10(3) M-1, and 3.7 x 10(2) M-1, respectively. The Ca2+-binding constants of the first and second steps obtained in the presence of 33.3 mM MgCl2 or 0.1 M KCl (ionic strength 0.10) were 1.4 times larger than those described above. This suggests that Mg2+ does not inhibit Ca2+-binding of S-100 protein. The increase of KCl concentration from 0.1 to 0.2 M caused a decrease of the Ca2+-binding constants to ca. 50%. PMID- 3243771 TI - Uridylation of U6 RNA in a nuclear extract in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The uridylation of U6 RNA in a nuclear extract of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was examined. This reaction required ATP or GTP, although these nucleotides were not incorporated into U6 RNA itself. ATP and GTP could be replaced by their nonhydrolyzable analogues ATP gamma S and GTP gamma S. Therefore, hydrolysis of ATP or GTP is not necessary for the uridylation of U6 RNA, indicating that these nucleotides are effectors of this reaction. By chromatographies of a nuclear extract of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells on phosphocellulose and DEAE-cellulose, U6 RNA could be separated from an enzyme adding a uridine residue(s) to this RNA. PMID- 3243772 TI - Physarum myosin light chain interacts with actin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. AB - Actin-modulating activity was analysed with the 16,131-dalton calcium-binding light chain (CaLc, Kobayashi et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 305-313) of Physarum myosin, which is under an inhibitory Ca-control (Kohama and Kendrick Jones (1986) J. Biochem. 99, 1433-1446). When skeletal muscle actin was polymerized in the presence of CaLc and Ca2+, increases in both viscosity and birefringence were reduced under high shear conditions. However, CaLc did not inhibit actin polymerization under no or low shearing forces, which was demonstrated by a variety of methods including fluorescence intensity measurements using pyrenyl actin. We propose that actin polymerized in the presence of CaLc and Ca2+ is easily fragmented under high shearing forces to produce the changes in viscosity and birefringence. PMID- 3243773 TI - Introduction: respiratory burst oxidase and its regulation. PMID- 3243774 TI - Interaction of Sr2+ with Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in mitochondria. AB - Respiring rat liver mitochondria are known to spontaneously release the Ca2+ taken up when they have accumulated Ca2+ over a certain threshold, while Sr2+ and Mn2+ are well tolerated and retained. We have studied the interaction of Sr2+ with Ca2+ release. When Sr2+ was added to respiring mitochondria simultaneously with or soon after the addition of Ca2+, the release was potently inhibited or reversed. On the other hand, when Sr2+ was added before Ca2+, the release was stimulated. Ca2+-induced mitochondrial damage and release of accumulated Ca2+ is generally believed to be due to activation of mitochondrial phospholipase A (EC 3.1.1.4.) by Ca2+. However, isolated mitochondrial phospholipase A activity was little if at all inhibited by Sr2+. The Ca2+-release may thus be triggered by some Ca2+-dependent function other than phospholipase. PMID- 3243775 TI - Influence of phytate on the adsorption of human salivary mucins onto hydroxyapatite. AB - The effect of phytate on the adsorption of purified human salivary mucins (HWSM) onto hydroxyapatite (HAP) was studied using three incubation conditions. a. Preadsorption of HWSM onto HAP for 24 h, followed by 4 h coadsorption with phytate, resulted in at most a 25% decrease in HWSM binding. b. Preincubation of HAP with phytate for 24 h, followed by 4 h coadsorption with HWSM, resulted in a 40% decrease in binding of HWSM to HAP. c. Simultaneous incubation of HWSM and phytate with HAP resulted in a 50% decrease in HWSM binding. In contrast, the adsorption of phytate to HAP was not affected, irrespective of the incubation set up used. The adsorption of phytate to hydroxyapatite was accompanied by an increase in the phosphate concentration of the solution. The molar ratio of phosphate solubilized/phytate bound to HAP was approximately 2 to 3. On the other hand, under conditions when all phytate added became bound to HAP (i.e. HAP in excess over phytate), no increase in Ca-ions was observed. However, when free phytate was present (phytate in excess over HAP) approximately one mole of Ca ions was released per mole free phytate. For comparison, the effect of phytate on the adsorption of porcine gastric mucin (PGM) and ovine submandibular mucin (OSM) was studied. Under conditions when HWSM binding to HAP was decreased by 10%, binding of PGM and OSM decreased by 65% and 100%, respectively. PMID- 3243776 TI - Salivary flow rate, protein and electrolyte concentrations in chronic alcoholic patients. AB - Stimulated and unstimulated parotid salivas were examined in a series of non cirrhotic patients under treatment for alcohol dependence and in age-sex matched, non-alcoholic, healthy, control subjects. Resting salivary flow was raised threefold in the alcohol group and the protein and electrolyte concentrations were also altered in this saliva. However, there were no intergroup differences in parotid flow or composition following gustatory stimulation by 6% citric acid. The results contrast with the wide parotid functional changes known to occur in stimulated parotid saliva in alcoholic cirrhosis and suggest, therefore, that the direct salivary effects of chronic alcohol abuse may be less important than the damaged liver function in contributing to the salivary disturbance reportedly occurring in alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 3243777 TI - [A survey of the oro-dental status of children in the Rhone-Alps region, 6-15 years of age]. AB - The DMFT, DMFS and dfs indices were determined on a sample of 2,018 children, aged 6 to 15 years, representative of the Rhone-Alpes region. Plaque, calculus and gingival indices were also recorded. The results indicated that the caries experience in the deciduous dentition was important. The DMFT and DMFS indices increased with age. The DMFT increased from 1.03 +/- 1.50 at 6 years to 7.39 +/- 3.78 at 15 years and was higher in girls at the ages of 8, 14 and 15 years. The DMFS was higher in rural zones at the ages of 7, 12 and 14 years. The periodontal indices were generally low. PMID- 3243778 TI - [Epidemiological study of the oro-dental status of the children of the Alsace and the Franche-Comte]. AB - Within a national epidemiological study conducted in France by the 16 Faculties of Dentistry, 946 school-children aged 6 to 15 years were randomly selected and examined in East of France. The Dental Faculty of Strasbourg studied the following departments: Doubs, Jura, Bas-Rhin, Haut-Rhin and Territoire de Belfort. Twenty per cent of the 12 year old children had a DMFT of 0, whereas by the age of 15 this percentage felt to 7%. The mean DMFT and DMFS of the 12 year old children were respectively of 4.6 and 8.7. The mean plaque index varied from 1.2 to 1.5 for all age groups. The mean calculus index increased progressively with age from 0.1 to 0.6. The mean gingival index was almost constant until the age of 8 (0.6 to 0.8). It reached 1.2 at 9 and remained unchanged until 15. PMID- 3243779 TI - [The oro-dental status of children 6-15-years of age in Pays de la Loire, Vienne and Deux Sevres]. AB - This survey was conducted on a representative sample of schoolchildren aged 6 to 15 years from Pays de la Loire, Vienne and Deux-Sevres. The results showed that the DMFT and DMFS indices increased with age. The girls had a higher caries experience. The children from rural zones had a higher caries prevalence than those of urban areas. However the differences were not statistically significant. Relatively low values were recorded between 6 and 15 years for the plaque index, the calculus index and the gingival index. PMID- 3243780 TI - Identification of very-long-chain fatty acids in rat and mouse harderian gland lipids by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Lipids of Harderian ophthalmic gland were separated by means of thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection in an latroscan apparatus. Wax ester and polar lipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine) were detected as the main lipids in rats and glyceryl ether diester and both polar lipids were the main lipids in mice. Fatty acids were determined in individual lipid classes by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on capillary columns. The content of fatty acids, the positional isomers of monoenoic acids being predominantly C18, C20 and C22, is most interesting. Very-long-chain fatty acids, saturated fatty acids up to C30 and even monoenoic acids up to C28 were detected. Branched-chain fatty acids, predominantly iso and anteiso, are minority components, although their chain length distribution (C15-C27) is broad. PMID- 3243781 TI - Sensitive determination of D-lactic acid in biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - D-Lactate in biological samples was converted into the hydrazone of pyruvate in the presence of D-lactate dehydrogenase, an NADH-reoxidation system using diaphorase, DL-6,8-thioctamide and hydrazine. The hydrazone was converted into 2 methylquinoxanol by o-phenylenediamine in hydrochloric acid, and then the quinoxanol was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The calibration curve of D-lactate was linear up to at least 60 nmol/ml, and the determination limit was 600 fmol. Using this method, D lactate was determined in biological samples. PMID- 3243782 TI - Determination of oestrogens in pregnancy urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of three oestrogens (oestriol, oestrone and oestradiol) in pregnancy urine. Free oestrogens are extracted with chloroform from the urine sample. The phenolic group of each oestrogen in chloroform is formylated in the presence of an alkaline aqueous solution, and the resulting aldehyde is converted into a fluorescent derivative by reaction with 1,2-diamino 4,5-dimethoxybenzene. In order to determine free and conjugated oestrogens, conjugated oestrogens are hydrolysed by heating in hydrochloric acid before the extraction and then treated in the same way as free oestrogens. The fluorescent derivatives are separated on a reversed-phase column, TSKgel ODS-120T, with stepwise gradient elution using an aqueous methanol-containing phosphate buffer (pH 2.2). The lower limit of detection for each oestrogen is ca. 200 fmol per 100 microliters injection volume. PMID- 3243783 TI - Simultaneous determination of free and conjugated bile acids in human gastric juice by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the simultaneous assay of the major free bile acids and the corresponding glycine and taurine conjugates in man. No preliminary fractionation into the free, glyco- and tauro-conjugated forms was required. An Ultrasphere ODS column with UV detection at 210 nm and methanol-acetate buffer gradient elution were used. The retention volume of the conjugates was dependent on the sodium acetate concentration in the mobile phase. The method is applicable to the quantification of intragastric bile acids with satisfactory sensitivity, selectivity and precision. Unconjugated and conjugated bile acids present in the gastric juice of patients with bile reflux gastritis were determined directly after Sep-Pak C18 cartridge purification. PMID- 3243784 TI - Determination of amino acids in biological, pharmaceutical, plant and food samples by automated precolumn derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - An easy, rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of primary and secondary amino acids in different matrices, e.g. protein hydrolysates, pharmaceutical formulations, plant extracts, food samples and physiological fluids, is described. After minimum sample preparation amino acids were derivatized with two different reagents, o-phthalaldehyde-3-mercaptopropionic acid for primary and 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate for secondary amino acids, by an automated precolumn derivatization technique. With minor adjustments of separation parameters this method can also be used to determine amino acids in different matrices. Analysis time including reaction, separation and reconditioning ranged from 20 min for hydrolysates to 60 min for physiological fluids. The separation was done on a reversed-phase column with a gradient of acetate buffer-acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The precision for peak areas of the individual amino acids was within a relative standard deviation of 2% for the hydrolysate assay and 2-5% for the physiological assay, and for retention times better than 0.7%. The detection limit with the diode array detector (ultraviolet visible) was ca. 2-5 pmol, measured at 338 nm for primary and 266 nm for secondary amino acids; with the fluorescence detector 20-50 fmol were detectable at excitation and emission wavelengths of 230 and 455 nm for primary and 266 and 310 nm for secondary amino acids, respectively. PMID- 3243785 TI - Construction of an ion-exchange amino acid analyser kit for use with high performance liquid chromatography apparatus. AB - A conventional ion-exchange amino acid analyser kit has been simply and economically constructed for use with existing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) apparatus. Sequential elution conditions are fully programmable by virtue of a 32K BBC microcomputer interfaced with an elution buffer selection valve and a thermostatically controlled column. Post-column derivatization with o-phthaladehyde-2-mercaptoethanol reagent enables fluorimetric detection at the picomole level. The system enables sensitive amino acid analysis of complex mixtures to be carried out by clinical and research laboratories who already possess HPLC apparatus but whose sample turnover does not merit purchase of a dedicated fully automated analyser. PMID- 3243786 TI - Excretion of iodide in 24-h urine as determined by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A simple method is presented for the routine analysis of iodide in urine. After a one-step sample clean-up, iodide was separated by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detected electrochemically with a silver electrode. The coefficient of variation of a single analysis of iodide in a pooled urine sample (530 nmol/l) was 7.6%. The detection limit, derived from a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, was 3 pmol, corresponding to 0.06 mumol/l. The recovery of iodide added to urine was 96 +/- 7%. The accuracy of the method was assessed by analysing ten different samples with neutron activation analysis. The data obtained with the two methods showed a high correlation (r = 0.991) and did not differ significantly. Excretion of iodide in samples of 24-h urine from a free-living population was shown to have a log-normal distribution and to be higher in men than in women. The iodide/creatinine ratio was independent of sex and increased with age. PMID- 3243787 TI - Analysis of the aqueous phase of human cervical mucus by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and capillary isotachophoresis. AB - The aqueous phase of human cervical mucus was analysed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary isotachophoresis (ITP). With HPLC, seventeen ultraviolet-absorbing and eight fluorescent components and with ITP five anionic and four cationic components could be determined. The sample pre-treatment consisted of a simple ultrafiltration. Ten samples from fertile women and eleven samples from infertile women were analysed. In six samples from the infertile group higher median concentrations of several components were found. This may be an indication of disturbances in the biochemical processes of the cervical mucus of woman with fertility problems. PMID- 3243788 TI - Purification of monoclonal antibodies against the low-density lipoprotein receptor by preparative isotachophoresis. AB - A preparative free-flow isotachophoretic method for the purification of monoclonal antibodies from mouse ascites fluid and tissue culture media is described. This high-resolution method allows the direct separation of monoclonal antibodies from antibody-containing tissue culture media or ascites fluid and gives a better separation from the major contaminant protein fractions and a higher recovery of the monoclonal antibodies than anion-exchange chromatography. The purification can run continuously and without any time-consuming regeneration procedures; the monoclonal antibody is obtained under mild conditions in a small electrolyte volume. PMID- 3243789 TI - Quantitation of the enantiomers of rimantadine in human plasma and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric procedure has been developed for the quantitation in plasma and urine of the enantiomers of rimantadine, an antiviral drug effective against type A influenza. The assay utilizes derivatization with an optically active reagent, selective ion monitoring, methane negative-ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectrometry and stable isotope dilution. The method has been used to measure concentrations of each rimantadine enantiomer over a range of 2.5-250 and 12.5-1250 ng/ml in the plasma and urine, respectively, of four male volunteers administered rimantadine. In plasma and urine, no differences were observed in the disposition of the unconjugated enantiomers. In urine, one enantiomer, but not both, was released following enzymatic hydrolysis. PMID- 3243790 TI - Gas chromatographic method for the determination of N-acetyl-S-(N methylcarbamoyl)cysteine, a metabolite of N,N-dimethylformamide and N methylformamide, in human urine. AB - A simple method has been developed for the determination of N-acetyl-S-(N methylcarbamoyl)cysteine in human urine. Treatment of a urine sample (1 ml) with ethanol (2 ml) and potassium carbonate (1.5 g) produces ethyl N-methylcarbamate, which is extracted into ethanol and measured by packed column gas chromatography with nitrogen-sensitive detection. The limit of quantitation in human urine is 1 microgram/ml and the between-sample coefficient of variation is 5-11%. Simultaneously, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylformamide and formamide can also be determined. PMID- 3243791 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for mexiletine hydroxylation in microsomes of human liver. AB - A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic assay, using fluorescence detection, is described for determining simultaneously the production of the two major hydroxylated metabolites of mexiletine in human liver microsomes. The detection limits of hydroxymethylmexiletine and p-hydroxymexiletine are 0.35 and 0.08 nmol/ml, respectively. The assay is specific, reproducible and allows the simultaneous kinetic characterization of the reactions in small amounts of liver tissue. The assay may be used to acquire a better knowledge of the kinetic behaviour of mexiletine and of its metabolites, and to investigate if the large inter-individual variations of the mexiletine pharmacokinetics are of metabolic origin, due to variations of its hydroxylation processes. PMID- 3243792 TI - Determination of clindamycin in plasma or serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. AB - A simple, sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of clindamycin in human plasma or serum has long been hampered by inability to separate it from endogenous compounds. We describe here such an assay. Proteins from a 200-microliters sample were precipitated by addition of acetonitrile containing the internal standard, triazolam. The sample was then vortex-mixed and centrifuged at approximately 3000 g for 10 min. The supernatant was evaporated to about 250 microliters under nitrogen, and 10-30 microliters were analyzed using an autoinjector. An octadecylsilane column with acetonitrile water-phosphoric acid-tetramethylammonium chloride as mobile phase and ultraviolet detection at 198 nm provided a reproducibly quantifiable peak corresponding to 0.17 micrograms/ml. Retention times for clindamycin and triazolam averaged 8 and 11.8 min, respectively. Replicate standard curves run over a 36-h period showed no loss of integrity; r2 values generally exceeded 0.999. The method has successfully been applied to the analysis of samples taken up to 12 h after administration of intravenous infusions of 600-1200 mg in healthy volunteers. PMID- 3243793 TI - Determination of acetylcholine and choline in human cerebrospinal fluid using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with an immobilized enzyme reactor: ageing-induced change of acetylcholine level. PMID- 3243794 TI - Separation of phospholipids and phosphonolipids of Tetrahymena by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3243795 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of taurine in whole blood, plasma and platelets. PMID- 3243796 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of erythrocyte enzyme activity levels involved in vitamin B6 metabolism. PMID- 3243797 TI - Identification of cis-carotenoids in human sera analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. PMID- 3243798 TI - Identification of polychlorinated phenols in urine by gas and thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 3243799 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ketoprofen and naproxen in rat plasma. PMID- 3243800 TI - Rapid method for the determination of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction. PMID- 3243801 TI - New procedure for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone with solid-phase extraction of rat plasma and tissue samples. PMID- 3243802 TI - Method for the determination of ofloxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid antimicrobial, by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3243803 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of propranolol and its metabolites in rat serum. PMID- 3243804 TI - Simultaneous determination of creatine and creatinine in serum by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3243805 TI - Use of the Pharmacia Phast System for sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of non-globular proteins: application to collagens. PMID- 3243806 TI - Isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method for studying the metabolism of blood plasma pyrimidine nucleosides and bases: concentration and radioactivity measurements. AB - A rapid and efficient isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method for studying the metabolism of blood plasma cytosine, uracil, thymine, cytidine, deoxycytidine and uridine has been elaborated. For each compound this method can measure concentrations in the range 0.5-200 microM and determine radioactivity. All the pyrimidine compounds can be eluted in less than 18 min, and the total time elapsed between collection of the blood and completion of the analysis need not exceed 3 h. All measurements can be performed on 0.025-ml blood samples. Blood plasma pyrimidine concentrations were determined for the rat, the rabbit, the guinea pig, the dog and the healthy human. This method could be well applied to experimentation on small animals using radiolabelled pyrimidine derivatives, in order to study the metabolic pathways of nucleotides and nucleic acids. It could also be used to characterize certain illnesses or cases of toxicity created by a chemotherapy affecting the plasma level of pyrimidine bases or nucleosides. PMID- 3243807 TI - Gas chromatographic-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric determination of a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist (MPC-1304) and its metabolites in human plasma and urine. AB - A gas chromatographic-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of a new calcium antagonist, (+/-)-methyl 2 oxopropyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate, and its metabolites in plasma and urine. The sample was extracted with n-hexane diethyl ether. The dried organic layer was subjected to acetylation: the aqueous layer was acidified and extracted with ethyl acetate, and after the ethyl acetate extract was dried the resulting residue was subjected to methylation. Aliquots of each reactant solution were injected into the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, equipped with a chemical ionization source and negative-ion monitoring mode, and analysed by the selected-ion monitoring method using deuterium-labelled internal standards. Detection was limited to 0.02-0.05 ng/ml of plasma and urine for each metabolite. A precise and sensitive assay for the determination of a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist and its metabolites in plasma and urine was thus established. PMID- 3243808 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of guanadrel in plasma and urine. AB - To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and drug availability from various dosage formulations, a method for the determination of guanadrel, (1,4 dioxaspiro[4,5]dec-2-ylmethyl)guanidine, in plasma and urine was required. A gas chromatographic procedure, based on formation of a hexafluoroacetylacetone derivative in a two-phase system of water and toluene, was developed. The limit of determination of the method is 5 ng/ml guanadrel in plasma and 15 ng/ml guanadrel in urine. Statistical analyses indicate average recoveries of 98.1 +/- 18.0 and 104.4 +/- 15.6% from plasma and urine, respectively. Mass spectrometric analyses, in conjunction with gas chromatography, confirmed the specificity of the method for intact drug. The procedure was applied successfully to drug absorption studies in humans. PMID- 3243809 TI - [Simultaneous determination of vinburnine and 6-hydroxyvinburnine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography]. AB - An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed to allow the simple and rapid determination of both vinburnine (I) and its main metabolite, 6-hydroxyvinburnine (II), in heparinized human plasma (0.5 ml). Compounds I and II and p-chlorodisopyramide (internal standard) were first extracted with alkalinized ethyl acetate and then with sulphuric acid. Separation was achieved on a reversed-phase muBondapak C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-0.1 M heptanesulphonate in acetic acid and with detection at 254 nm. Each run required 20 min. The within-day coefficients of variation for identical samples (20 ng/ml) were 7 and 6% and between-day coefficients of variation 8 and 26% for I and II, respectively. The detection limit was 5 ng/ml (normal therapeutic concentration, 10-300 ng/ml). The application of the method to drug monitoring was compared to that of a thin-layer chromatographic procedure. PMID- 3243810 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of netilmicin in guinea-pig and human serum by fluorodinitrobenzene derivatization with spectrophotometric detection. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for netilmicin determination in guinea-pig and human serum using pre-column derivatization with 1-fluoro-2,4 dinitrobenzene and UV detection is described. Linearity was established over the range 0.5-40 micrograms/ml using only 50 microliters of serum. Accuracy and precision were good, with a mean coefficient of variation less than 5% and a mean relative error less than 4%. This procedure correlates well with an enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique and has a sensitivity similar to those of published fluorescence derivatization methods. PMID- 3243811 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic study of the metabolites of erythromycins in the Wistar rat. AB - The metabolites of erythromycin A, anhydroerythromycin A, N-demethylerythromycin A and erythromycin B in the Wistar rat were studied by thin-layer chromatography. In some experiments germ-free rats, rats with a cannulated bile duct and a gastrectomized rat were used. The erythromycins examined were shown to undergo two principal changes, N-demethylation and acid-catalysed degradation. It was demonstrated that the stomach and the liver are not the sole sites of acid degradation and demethylation of erythromycins, respectively. Erythromycin A gives three principal metabolites, anhydroerythromycin A, anhydro-N demethylerythromycin A and N-demethylerythromycin A, and erythromycin A enol ether and N-demethylerythromycin A enol ether are present to a minor extent. 5-O Desosaminylerythronolide A was also identified, suggesting the presence of an erythromycin glycosidase. PMID- 3243812 TI - Determination of ergothioneine in red blood cells by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3243813 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of acid and alkaline phosphatases in urine. PMID- 3243814 TI - Determination of the age dependency of the creatinine-related pseudouridine excretion in children's urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3243815 TI - Sensitive assay for determination of pyridoxal-5-phosphate in enzymes using high performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with cyanide. PMID- 3243816 TI - Gas chromatography of retinol and alpha-tocopherol without derivatization. AB - An improved gas chromatographic method for the analysis of retinol and alpha tocopherol in biological samples is described. The use of cold on-column injection in combination with wall coated open tubular column gas chromatography eliminates thermal decomposition of vitamin A and yields efficient separations of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D2, D3, and E) without derivatization. Peak tailing was judged to be minimal. Vitamins were quantified by flame ionization detection responses down to 3.5 ng injected, and their identities were confirmed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Extracts of biological samples were saponified, and sterols were removed using digitonin-impregnated celite chromatography before analysis by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Recoveries of vitamins from a test diet ranged from 89 to 103%. PMID- 3243817 TI - Application of methylamine O-deacylation and Vitride reduction to the analysis of neutral lipids: a thin-layer chromatographic evaluation. PMID- 3243818 TI - Detection of oxidatively modified 2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-monophosphate, using 32P postlabelling and anion-exchange thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 3243819 TI - Characterization of buffalo lactotransferrin by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 6 M urea. PMID- 3243820 TI - Simultaneous determination of trimipramine and its demethylated metabolites in plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 3243821 TI - Determination of benazepril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and its active metabolite, benazeprilat, in plasma and urine by capillary gas chromatography-mass-selective detection. PMID- 3243822 TI - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of doxycycline in serum and urine using solid-phase extraction columns. PMID- 3243823 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of miconazole in vaginal fluid. PMID- 3243824 TI - Determination of alprenolol and metoprolol in plasma by column liquid chromatography. PMID- 3243825 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of mianserin in plasma and brain and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in the rat. PMID- 3243826 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of antifilarials. I. Simultaneous determination of 1-4-(4-nitrophenylaminophenyl-thiocarbamido-4-methyl)piper azine and three of its metabolites in biological fluids. PMID- 3243827 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of antifilarials. II. Determination of S (2-carboxyethyl)-N-(2-tert.-butyl-5-methoxy-benzthiazol- 6-yl)dithiocarbamate and its active isothiocyanate metabolite in biological fluids. PMID- 3243828 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of antifilarials. III. Determination of 2 tert.-butyl-6-isothiocyanato-5-(piperidin-1-yl)- benzthiazole in biological fluids. PMID- 3243829 TI - Simple method for the determination of hormonal iodine and exogenous iodine from X-ray contrast media drugs. PMID- 3243830 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of dexamethasone in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in the rabbit. PMID- 3243831 TI - Determination of ofloxacin in plasma and urine by liquid chromatography. PMID- 3243832 TI - Comparison of solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of antipyrine in plasma. PMID- 3243833 TI - Determination of bumetanide in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3243834 TI - Determination of busulfan in human plasma by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. PMID- 3243835 TI - Automated analysis of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid using ion-pair chromatography and fluorimetric detection. AB - A new rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method, without urine sample pre-treatment and based on isocratic ion-pair elution, fluorimetric detection and column-switching, has been developed for the determination of vanillylmandelic acid. The sensitivity was 0.1 mg/l, and the linearity was excellent in the concentration range tested. For all endogenous substances as well as for all the drugs tested no interferences were observed. Typical concentrations were in the range 0.3-5.5 mg of vanillylmandelic acid per day, depending on the age of subject under investigation. PMID- 3243836 TI - Analysis of tissue glycoprotein sugar chains by two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatographic mapping. AB - Excellent separation of 45 pyridylamino derivatives of oligosaccharides were achieved by the two-dimensional combination of reversed-phase and size fractionation high-performance liquid chromatography. The sugar chains of brain glycoproteins were derivatized into a mixture of pyridylamino-oligosaccharides from lyophilized brain tissue without any purification steps, and they were well separated by the system used. The pattern obtained was reproducible, and inter individual variation was negligible. This finding demonstrated the possibility that this method could be applied to the detection of differences in the structure of glycoprotein sugar chains in crude preparations. PMID- 3243837 TI - Separation of peptides by multimode chromatography on a column packed with vinyl alcohol copolymer gel. AB - Several mechanisms of peptide separation in high-performance liquid chromatography were observed to occur on the Asahipak GS-320 packed with vinyl alcohol copolymer. Neutral rather than acidic mobile phases were employed as they were found to result in higher retention of many peptides on the GS-320. For neutral peptides, the retention volume corresponded to the Rekker's hydrophobic fragmental constant, with a correlation coefficient of 0.71. Peptides with acidic residues eluted early, as an effect of ionic exclusion; those with basic residues were retained longer, owing to an ion-exchange effect. The ionic interactions were shown to involve the carboxylic group present on the gel polymer. The net result was found to be excellent separation of hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic peptides, related to differences in their isoelectric points. The combination of these complex mechanisms, together with the size-exclusion effect of the GS-320 gel for separation of proteins and other large molecules and for analysis with a mobile phase high in acetonitrile content, makes possible high-resolution isocratic analysis of peptides, which cannot be achieved on octadecylsilica or ion-exchange columns. PMID- 3243838 TI - Purification of glutathione S-transferases from rat liver and Walker 256 mammary carcinoma cells by high-performance liquid chromatography and a glutathione affinity column. AB - A novel method for the rapid purification of glutathione S-transferases (GST) from tissue and cell culture samples is reported. A high-performance glutathione affinity column was used and produced results comparable to those obtained with classical agarose affinity columns. Experiments with purified rat liver GST standards resulted in 87% recovery of total activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the affinity-purified GST was identical to the GST standard and revealed three major protein bands, corresponding to the Ya, Yb, and Yc subunits. A fourth protein band (relative molecular mass 25,000), migrating slightly faster than the Ya subunit, was present in both the standard and eluted GST samples. This polypeptide was tentatively identified as the Yk subunit. Successful purification from rat liver and Walker 256 rat carcinoma cell cytosols was also performed. Recovery of total GST enzymatic activity from Walker cell and rat liver cytosol was 49 and 58%, respectively. SDS-PAGE of these samples indicated a high degree of purity. This methodology requires less than 1 h and can be performed using small quantities of tissue. These features make this technique applicable to analysis of a broad range of biological applications including human biopsy material for GST content. PMID- 3243839 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of bis[1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino)ethane]gold(I) chloride, a potential antineoplastic agent. AB - The chromatography of [Au(dppe)2]+ (I), a potential antineoplastic drug, was studied on a variety of stationary phases (ODS Hypersil, PLRP-S, Partisil SAX and Partisil SCX) using aqueous mobile phases containing 60% acetonitrile, 15% tetrahydrofuran and various electrolytes. The effects of both the concentration (0-20 mM) and the nature of the electrolytes, added to the mobile phase, on the chromatography of I were investigated. A wide variety of electrolytes were investigated in which the hydrophobicity of both the anion and the cation were varied. The analyte of interest was found to be unretained by the like-charged Partisil SAX column. On the other hand, I was retained on the Partisil SCX by an ion-exchange mechanism and retention could be controlled by manipulating the electrolyte composition of the mobile phase. I was retained on the two reversed phase materials by a mixture of solvophobic and electrostatic interactions but, under the conditions studied, the latter mechanism was the dominant one. The retention of I on the two reversed-phase materials was influenced much more by the nature and concentration of the cation added to the mobile phase than it was by the nature and concentration of the anion. Therefore, manipulation of the nature and concentration of the cationic species in the mobile phase appears to afford the most useful means of manipulating the retention of I, and presumably its analogues, on reversed-phase columns. PMID- 3243840 TI - Planar chromatographic separation of enantiomers and diastereomers with cyclodextrin mobile phase additives. AB - A variety of racemic compounds were resolved using reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with mobile phases containing highly concentration solutions of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). These include the drugs labetalol and mephenytoin, metallocenes, crown ethers, methyl-p-toluenesulfinate, nornicotine derivaties and several dansyl and beta-naphthylamide substituted amino acids. It was possible to resolve some racemates that could not be separated on beta-CD bonded phase liquid chromatography (LC) columns with this technique. Likewise there were some compounds that could be resolved with the LC approach that failed to separate with the present TLC method. In cases of racemates that could be resolved by either approach, it was found that the retention order was exactly opposite for the two methods. Enantiomeric resolution is highly dependent on mobile phase composition. In particular, the type and amount of organic modifier as well as the concentration of beta-CD affect the observed resolution. Possible reasons for the chromatographic behavior are discussed. Several diastereoisomeric compounds were separated as well, including steroid epimers and pharmaceutical compounds. PMID- 3243841 TI - Separation of tubulin subunits by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - When properly solubilized with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), alpha- and beta tubulin subunits from a variety of sources may be resolved at high yield by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using a Waters muBondapak C18 column and simple linear aqueous acetonitrile gradients containing TFA. The tubulin subunits are typically the most non-polar proteins present, with the beta-tubulin subunit eluting before the alpha. Column temperature above ambient improve both the resolution and the yield; less polar solvent systems do not. Tubulins not freely soluble in aqueous TFA may be solubilized in 6 M guanidine-hydrochloric acid with no change in retention time. Other columns with shorter carbon chain lengths and larger pore size produce a single, unresolved tubulin peak. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis provides an independent comparative evaluation of organelle-specific tubulins, with characteristic retention time differences observed between homologous ciliary and flagellar outer doublet tubulin subunits and also between them and their cytoplasmic counterparts. PMID- 3243842 TI - Simultaneous detection of trichothecenes and rosenonolactone in grape juice and wine by capillary gas chromatography. PMID- 3243843 TI - Separation of pyridone carboxylic acid enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography using copper(II)-L-amino acid as the eluent. PMID- 3243844 TI - Studies on steroids. CCXXXVIII. Determination of bile acids in liver tissue by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative ion chemical ionization detection. AB - A method for the determination of bile acids in 2-10 mg of human liver tissue by gas chromatography (GC) in combination with negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectrometry is described. Unconjugated, glycine- and taurine conjugated bile acids labelled with 18O and 2H were used as internal standards. The preparation of these compounds was attained by the exchange reaction of the carbonyl group with H218O, followed by metal hydride reduction. Bile acids in solubilized liver tissue were extracted with a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, separated into the unconjugated, glycine- and taurine-conjugated fractions by ion-exchange chromatography on piperidinohydroxypropyl-Sephadex LH-20 and then derivatized to the pentafluorobenzyl ester-dimethylethylsilyl ethers. Subsequent resolution of each fraction into lithocholate, deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate, ursodeoxycholate and cholate was attained by GC on a cross-linked 5% phenylmethyl silicone fused-silica capillary column where bile acids were monitored with a characteristic carboxylate anion [M - 181]-in the NICI mode using isobutane as a reagent gas. The newly developed method was applied to the quantitation of bile acids in liver tissue with satisfactory sensitivity and reliability. PMID- 3243845 TI - Comparison of retention mechanisms of homologous series and triglycerides in non aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography. AB - The retention behaviour of saturated homogeneous triglycerides was compared to that of single chain homologous compounds in reversed-phase liquid chromatography on silica-based octadecyl bonded phases with non-aqueous binary eluents containing chloroform. For both series, in all eluents and at all investigated temperatures, a discontinuity (1-6% slope change) in log k' vs. the carbon atom number, nc, of each solute hydrocarbonaceous chain was observed for a given critical number of carbon atoms, nc,crit approximately 12-13. Similar discontinuities were observed in delta H degrees and delta S degrees vs. nc for the same nc,crit value. These and other phenomena (existence of two convergence points for log k' vs. nc plotted at different eluent compositions; existence of two convergence temperatures in log k' vs. 1/T plotted for several members of a given solute series) reflect the mechanism of penetration of the solute aliphatic chains into the bonded layer. The eluotropic strength of acetonitrile-chloroform mobile phases was determined and seen to have a larger rate of variation with the solvent composition than that of some other non-aqueous binary eluents. The ratio of the slope of plots of log k' vs. nc curves for triglycerides and single chain homologous series is not a whole number but has a value lying between 2 and 3. This explains why triglyceride retentions cannot be predicted from retention data for the fatty acid methyl esters. More importantly, this indicates that the triglycerides may interact with the stationary phase using various conformations, one, two or three chains penetrating into the bonded layer. These conformations, in dynamic equilibrium with each other, contribute differently to the retention. This offers, in principle, the possibility to separate unsaturated triglycerides having the same number of carbon atoms and of double bonds but differing in the distribution of the unsaturations along the chains, if the double bonds located in a non-penetrating chain can selectively interact with a mobile phase component. PMID- 3243846 TI - Effects of system peaks in ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography for noscapine and metabolites. AB - System peaks were generated in an ion-pair reversed-phase system by co-injection of an alkylsulphate with the analytes. The acidic mobile phase contained acetonitrile and an aliphatic tertiary amine as a co-ion. The retention time of the system peak was regulated by the concentration and hydrophobicity of the co ion and the alkylsulphate. The peak performance of the analytes was affected by co-elution with a system peak. Both peak distortions and improvements appeared, and the principles for the latter could be applied in a dual-column system involving trace enrichment and column switching. PMID- 3243847 TI - Determination of impurity profiles in drugs and related materials. II. Detection and quantification of a diastereomeric impurity in the peptide RGH-0205 (Arg-Lys Asp). PMID- 3243848 TI - Use of hydroxypropyl- and hydroxyethyl-derivatized beta-cyclodextrins for the thin-layer chromatographic separation of enantiomers and diastereomers. AB - Partially substituted hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and hydroxyethyl-beta cyclodextrin proved to be effective chiral mobile phase additives (CMAs) for the thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) resolution of racemic benzyl-2-oxazolidinone, 5 (4-methyl-phenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, mephenytoin and several dansyl and beta naphthylamide amino acids. Several diastereomeric compounds including steroid epimers and alkaloids were separated as well. The derivatized beta-cyclodextrins tended to be much more soluble in water and hydro-organic solvents than native beta-cyclodextrin. Their chromatographic selectivity also was somewhat different. The use of CMAs in TLC is a potentially useful and powerful method that has not been considered adequately. The relative lack of chiral stationary phases available in planar format makes the use of CMAs particularly attractive. PMID- 3243849 TI - Mixed-bed ion-exchange columns for protein high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Protein retention is investigated on high-performance liquid chromatography columns packed with mixtures of ion exchangers. Retention factors are measured at both low and high salt concentrations in the eluent and their dependence on the bed composition is found to be linear in some cases, but non-linear in others. The physical basis for the observed non-linear retention behavior has not been established and an empirical mixing rule is employed to express the dependence of protein retention on bed composition. Protein separations are carried out on the mixed-bed columns by using gradient elution with increasing salt concentration and the process is modelled mathematically. The retention times predicted by computer calculations correspond closely to the experimental findings. Optimal selection of the mixed-bed composition and the gradient steepness for the separation of four proteins is illustrated by using the window diagram technique. Although the experimental results presented here deal with electrostatic interaction chromatography of proteins only the applicability of mixed sorbents is expected to extend to all branches of liquid chromatography. It is anticipated that mixed-sorbent columns will find extensive use in the large-scale purification of biological compounds and in routine analysis. PMID- 3243850 TI - Hydrophobic interaction of alcian blue with soluble and erythrocyte membrane proteins. AB - Alcian Blue (AB), a cationic dye widely employed for monitoring negative surface charge variations on red blood cell (RBC), platelet and glomerular membranes of patients with nephrotic syndromes, was found in fact to aggregate with itself and precipitate in the pH range 7.0-7.8, i.e., at the physiological pH values used for performing the binding assay between the dye and cell surfaces. This aggregation appears to be essentially hydrophobic as it is insensitive to urea but fully prevented in presence of 2% zwitterionic detergent. In addition, AB binds to most RBC membrane proteins solubilized by urea-detergent extraction, again suggesting hydrophobic interaction. AB also interacts with freely soluble proteins such as haemoglobin and myoglobin; such binding is disrupted by ethylurea and/or 2% zwitterionic detergent, typical inhibitors of hydrophobic liaisons. AB also strongly binds to myoglobin with all the negative charges blocked by esterification of the carboxyl groups, again ruling out direct interaction via surface negative charges. It is concluded that AB binding to the RBC surface can hardly monitor variations in surface charge due to sialic acid residues but, at best, variations in surface hydrophobicity. PMID- 3243851 TI - Purification and partial amino acid sequence of human urine protein 1. Evidence for homology with rabbit uteroglobin. AB - We describe the purification of Urine Protein 1 (UP1), a 14-16 kDa protein which occurs in the urine of patients with renal failure, and therefore may originate from the plasma or kidney. Amino acid sequencing shows that UP1 has significant homology with rabbit uteroglobin, a secretory protein of the uterus (during pregnancy) and lungs (both sexes), and previously identified only in lagomorphs (rabbits, hares, pikas). The finding of a human uteroglobin-like protein, which can be purified from a readily available source, may provide further opportunities to elucidate the, as yet, uncertain physiological functions of uteroglobin. PMID- 3243852 TI - Mass spectrometry of electrophore-labeled nucleosides. Pentafluorobenzyl and cinnamoyl derivatives. AB - Three structurally similar deoxynucleosides (thymidine, O4-ethylthymidine, and 2' deoxyuridine) were studied by mass spectrometry as pentafluorobenzyl, cinnamyl, or mixed derivatives. The purpose of the work was to define the usefulness of such derivatives for structural elucidation of deoxynucleosides. The compounds were ionized in three ways: electron capture negative ion, positive ion chemical ionization, and electron impact. For each of the derivatives examined, the combined spectra were well suited for structural elucidation purposes. PMID- 3243853 TI - Comparison of the chromatographic properties of sterols, select additional steroids and triterpenoids: gravity-flow column liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The chromatographic properties of approximately 100 sterols, select steroids of plant origin (sapogenins and steroidal alkaloids) and triterpenoids has been evaluated in this laboratory by monitoring their elution characteristics in adsorption (gravity column and thin-layer methods with and without the addition of silver nitrates), gas and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The utility of each methodology to act in one or another chromatographic mode-separation, radio-chemical purification, quantitation and structural elucidation, is discussed. The importance of the tilt of the -OH group at C-3 as well as the polarity, size, an shape of the rest of the molecule as it effects the hydrogen-bonding ability of the -OH group is demonstrated through changes in chromatographic behavior that result from the step-wise introduction of double bonds, methyl, bromo, oxygen, nitrogen and cyclopropyl groups into 5 alpha-cholestanol. An independent aid in the structure identification and quantitation of the compounds was use of a multiple-wavelength diode array detector in which different wavelengths of the UV spectrum (200-400 nm) were simultaneously monitored following passage of the sample through a reversed-phase C18 column. PMID- 3243854 TI - Quantitative microanalysis of bile acids in biological samples. Collaborative study. AB - The analysis of bile acids in biological samples has always presented a problem because of their complex nature and low concentration. Recently, newer analytical procedures for bile acids have become available, including enzymatic analysis, radioimmunoassay, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM). However, they differ greatly with respect to specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and simplicity. On the other hand, the choice of analytical procedure differs according to the specific aims and the nature of biological samples to be analysed. These newer procedures have been compared in a double-blind fashion by distributing bile, plasma and urine samples to seven participating laboratories. GC-MS-SIM was found to be the most sensitive and reliable, but it requires other procedures for preliminary clean-up and fractionation steps. Enzymatic analysis is simple and gives small analytical errors but tends to over-estimate plasma bile acids. Radioimmunoassay gives variable results but is useful as a screening procedure for large numbers of plasma samples. TLC gives reliable results for biliary bile acids in experienced hands, except for differentiation between conjugated dihydroxycholanoic acids. HPLC, whether using derivatization or with fixed 3 alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase detection, is suitable for the analysis of major bile acids in normal human serum but not for the identification of unknown minor peaks. PMID- 3243855 TI - Determination of fatty acids as phenacyl esters in rat adipose tissue and blood vessel walls by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Twenty-two biologically relevant (6:0-22:6) saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with phenacyl bromide. An optimal resolution of the critical combinations linolenic-myristic, docosahexaenoic palmitoleic-arachidonic and palmitic-oleic acids and cis and trans isomers of octadecenoic (n9) and octadecadienoic (n9, 12) acids was achieved by continuous gradient elution with methanol-acetonitrile-water. Elution of mixtures of 6:0 22:1 fatty acids was completed within 80 min at a flow-rate of 1 ml/min. By the use of UV detection at 242 nm the detection limits for short- and long-chain fatty acids were found to be about 0.8 and 12 ng per injection, respectively. Linearity was tested up to 100 ng. The method was applied to the determination of fatty acids in rat adipose tissue and blood vessel walls of animals fed hydrogenated fat diets. The results are comparable to those obtained by gas chromatography and surpass the latter for the resolution of oleic and elaidic acids. PMID- 3243856 TI - Isolation of bile acid glucosides and N-acetylglucosaminides from human urine by ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for the isolation, separation and analysis of glucosides and N acetylglucosaminides of non-amidated bile acids and of glycine- and taurine conjugated bile acid glucosides from normal human urine is described. Total bile acids were extracted from 24-h collections of urine by repetitive use of Sep-Pak C18 cartridges. After elution with 80% aqueous methanol, a group separation into non-amidated, glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids was performed by ion exchange chromatography on Lipidex-DEAP. The glycosylated compounds were then separated from the corresponding non-glycosylated ones by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a reversed-phase system with a linear methanol gradient. The glycosylated compounds isolated by HPLC were analysed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and, after derivatization, by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Information about the sugar moieties of the bile acid glycosides was also obtained by treatment with different glycosidases. PMID- 3243857 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography separations of nitrosamines. III. Conformers of N-nitrosamino acids. AB - The separation of a selected group of N-nitrosamino acids and their syn and anti conformers by high-performance liquid chromatography using an alpha-cyclodextrin bonded silica gel column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-triethylammonium acetate was achieved. The effects of mobile phase pH and concentration of acetonitrile on resolution and elution times are also reported. PMID- 3243858 TI - Potential application of thin-layer chromatography and thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection of cholestanol in the diagnosis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. PMID- 3243859 TI - Applications of gas chromatography to the study of terpenoid metabolism. AB - Studies on the enzymology and mechanism of biosynthesis of the essential oil terpenes are often hampered by the need to resolve and detect trace levels of these metabolites, an analytical requirement for which gas chromatography is ideally suited. Essential principles in the application of gas chromatography to terpenoid metabolism are described, with particular emphasis on experimental strategies employing flame ionization, mass spectrometric and thermal conductivity-radiochemical detection methods. The general approaches described can be readily adapted to studies on the origin of other volatile natural products. PMID- 3243860 TI - Identification of the more complex triacylglycerols in bovine milk fat by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using polar capillary columns. AB - The fourth most volatile 2.5% molecular distillate of butteroil obtained by redistillation of the most volatile 10% cut was examined by gas chromatography on a polar capillary column (RSL-300) with electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. For this purpose the distillate was first freed from the acetyldiacylglycerols by thin-layer chromatography on plain silica gel and the remainder resolved into long and short chain length saturates, cis- and trans monoenes, dienes and trienes by thin-layer chromatography on silver nitrate silica gel. The order of gas chromatographic elution was established for more than 100 major and minor species making up the bulk of the molecular distillate. The results were used to derive the quantitative composition of the triacylglycerol species making up the various peaks obtained by polar capillary column gas chromatography of the total molecular distillate, which closely resembles the lower half of the molecular mass distribution of whole bovine milk fat. PMID- 3243861 TI - Fourth Symposium on Handling of Environmental and Biological Samples in Chromatography. Basle, April 27-29, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3243862 TI - Determination of residues of carbadox and some of its metabolites in swine tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography using on-line pre-column enrichment and post-column derivatization with UV-VIS detection. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method that uses UV-VIS detection and post-column derivatization with sodium hydroxide was developed for the determination of the growth-promoting antibiotic carbadox and three of its metabolites in swine muscle, liver and kidney tissues. Sample pre-treatment involves extraction with methanol-acetonitrile, purification over an alumina Florisil column and partition with isooctane. A 2-ml volume of the final aqueous extract is injected into a column-switching HPLC system; detection is performed at 420 nm. The limits of determination are in the range 1-5 micrograms/kg. Preliminary experiments show a good precision with mean recoveries of 81-87% and a coefficient of variation of 4-10%. The method is highly selective and can be used in routine monitoring programmes. PMID- 3243863 TI - Selective, on-column extraction of organochlorine pesticide residues from milk. AB - A rapid procedure has been developed that allows a single-step, selective extraction of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues from milk on solid-matrix disposable columns by means of acetonitrile-saturated light petroleum. Recovery experiments were carried out on homogenized milk (3.6% fat content) spiked with an ethanolic solution of nine OCPs, viz., HCB, alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT, at levels ranging from 0.002 mg/kg for alpha-HCH to 0.008 mg/kg for p,p'-DDT. Average recoveries of four replicates were 77% for HCB and almost quantitative (94-113%) for the other pesticides, with relative standard deviations from 2.9 to 7.3%. Coextracted fatty material amounted to about 5 mg/ml of milk before the clean-up. The described procedure also showed a satisfactory performance with milk powder. The extraction procedure requires about 60 min. The main advantages are that emulsions do not occur, several samples can be run in parallel by a single operator, reusable glassware is not needed and simple operations are required. PMID- 3243864 TI - Single-step solid-matrix clean-up of vegetable extracts for organophosphorus pesticide residue determination. PMID- 3243865 TI - Group fractionation of free and conjugated steroids by means of disposable silica based anion-exchange columns. AB - Adsorption and desorption modes have been elaborated which allow the separation of complex steroid mixtures of biological fluids into an unconjugated, a glucuronic acid conjugated and a sulphuric acid and mixed conjugated fraction. Capillary gas chromatographic analysis of the fractions obtained provides "total steroid profiles" of urine, blood, ovarian follicle fluid and amniotic fluid. PMID- 3243866 TI - Radio high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 14C-labelled LF 2 0254, A 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, in rat and dog plasma using off line liquid scintillation counting. AB - LF 2-0254 is a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with a slow onset of action. The pharmacokinetics of [14C]LF 2-0254 were studied in rats and dogs. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method using liquid scintillation counting was developed for the quantitation of labelled LF 2-0254 in plasma. The peak height of the internal standard in the chromatogram was measured by UV detection and the mobile phase containing the chromatographic peak of [14C]LF 2-0254 was collected and counted for radioactivity. The concentration of labelled drug in the plasma was then determined using a calibration graph constructed from the determination of [14C]LF 2-0254 of known specific activities. The limit of determination was dependent on the specific activity of the drug administered. This method permits the measurement of the radioactive drug in biological fluids. PMID- 3243867 TI - Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in coke tars. PMID- 3243868 TI - Thermal desorption-capillary gas chromatography for the quantitative analysis of dimethyl sulphate, diethyl sulphate and ethylene oxide in the workplace. AB - Sampling on solid adsorbents followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography was evaluated as a simple method for the quantitative analysis of dimethyl sulphate, diethyl sulphate and ethylene oxide in the workplace environment. Tenax TA and Carbosieve S-III (for ethylene oxide) were found to be suitable adsorbents. The charged tubes can be stored at 22 degrees C for 4 days. The recovery is better than 98% (greater than 80% for ethylene oxide) in the mass range 1 ng-1 micrograms. The recovery is not dependent on air humidity. The limits of detection tested were at the lower parts per billion level. PMID- 3243869 TI - Determination of highly protein bound drugs in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography and column switching, exemplified by the retinoids. AB - During method development for the determination of either isotretinoin, tretinoin and their 4-oxo-metabolites, or etretinate, acitretin and 13-cis-acitretin in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography and column switching, recovery problems arose, when undiluted plasma samples were injected directly onto the precolumn. These recovery problems may be due to the strong binding of the retinoids to different plasma proteins. Measures to overcome this strong protein binding, such as variation of the injection solution composition and the purge mobile phase, were systematically investigated. Best recoveries were obtained by diluting of plasma with 9 mM sodium hydroxide-acetonitrile (8:2, v/v) and protein precipitation with ethanol for the isotretinoin and etretinate series, respectively, in combination with the use of a purge mobile phase containing ammonium acetate and 10-20% acetonitrile. Less effective was the use of a longer precolumn or heating of the precolumn. PMID- 3243870 TI - Fully automated analytical system using liquid-solid extraction and liquid chromatography for the determination of CGP 6140 in plasma. AB - Liquid-solid extraction on disposable extraction columns (DECs) and liquid chromatography can be combined in a completely automated analyser. The Gilson ASPEC system was used to develop a procedure for the determination of CGP 6140 in plasma. Both sample preparation via C8 Bond-Elut DECs and injection were fully automatic. The fully automated system prepared the samples by performing the same operations as for a manual procedure. The DEC was first wetted with methanol, then with water. A 400-microliters volume of plasma and 40 microliters of the internal standard solution, diluted with 1 ml of water, were applied to the DEC, rinsed with 10(-2) mol/l dipotassium hydrogenphosphate and eluted from the DEC with 300 microliters of acetonitrile-methanol (50:50, v/v). The eluting strength of the eluate was reduced by dispensing 1 ml of water into each vial prior to direct injection into a Spherisorb ODS column via a 1-ml loop. This allowed the reconcentration of the extracted compounds on the top of the column, as they were injected in a large volume of solvent of lower eluting strength than the mobile phase [acetonitrile-methanol-4 x 10(-3) mol/l ammonia solution (54.5:5:40.5, v/v/v)]. Reproducibility results are presented. PMID- 3243871 TI - Automated sequential trace enrichment of dialysates and robotics. A technique for the preparation of biological samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The development of the sample preparation process, the automated sequential trace enrichment of dialysates, in association with a cartesian robotic sampler is described. The system has been applied to the total automation of the preparation of biological samples and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Concepts of the technique are reported together with an examination of its application to free and total analyte estimation. Examples of chromatographic separations obtained from the preparation of a variety of different analytes and sample materials are given. PMID- 3243872 TI - Improvement of selectivity and sensitivity by column switching in the determination of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive method is described for the simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid in human plasma. Quantitation is by high performance liquid chromatography using ion-pair chromatography on a reversed phase column. Variable-wavelength ultraviolet detection is employed. For the extraction of both compounds from plasma, a new solid-phase ion-pair extraction procedure using octadecylsilane columns was developed. Because of the strong forces involved in the protein binding of glycyrrhizin, quantitative extraction of this compound from plasma was possible only after an alkaline pH shift. A considerable improvement in selectivity and sensitivity was obtained by automated column switching involving on-line preseparation of the solid-phase extract on a short precolumn and chromatographic analysis of a heart-cut from the precolumn eluate. The limit of detection of both glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid was 0.1 mg/l in 0.5 ml of plasma. From a preliminary study in human volunteers, it was concluded that glycyrrhetic acid rather than glycyrrhizin is preferred in a study in human volunteers to assess the zero effect level of glycyrrhizin. PMID- 3243873 TI - On-line sample processing and analysis of diol compounds in biological fluids. AB - We developed a coupled dual column system with an optional post-column derivatization for on-line sample processing, trace enrichment and analysis of aromatic 1,2-diol and aliphatic cis-diol biomolecules (e.g. catecholamines, ribonucleosides). The fully automated high-performance liquid chromatography analyzer tolerates the direct injection of proteinaceous fluids by use of a unique bonded-phase precolumn material which allows the simultaneous performance of covalent affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. PMID- 3243874 TI - Determination of binding affinity of enantiomers to albumin by liquid chromatography. AB - The principles of the determination of the binding affinity constants of small molecules to albumin by liquid chromatography, using albumin as a mobile phase additive, are outlined. Chromatographic conditions for determinations of constants are presented and applied to enantiomers of tryptophan and omeprazole. The influence of albumin on the retaining properties of LiChrosorb RP-8, Phenyl Hypersil and LiChrosorb Diol was studied. PMID- 3243875 TI - Determination of amino acids on Merrifield resin by microwave hydrolysis. PMID- 3243876 TI - Simultaneous XAD-2 resin extraction and high-resolution electron-capture gas chromatography of chlorine-containing herbicides in water samples. PMID- 3243877 TI - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorimetric detection for the determination of glycerol using an immobilized enzyme column reactor. PMID- 3243878 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of biotin by using 1-pyrenyldiazomethane as a pre-column fluorescent labelling reagent. PMID- 3243879 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the by-products of the synthesis of ethynylestradiol, mestranol, 17 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone caproate and 17 alpha-hydroxy-6-dehydroprogesterone acetate. PMID- 3243880 TI - Liquid chromatographic resolution of hypoglycin A from leucine. PMID- 3243881 TI - Determination of chlorthalidone and its impurities in bulk and in dosage forms by high-performance thin-layer chromatographic densitometry. PMID- 3243882 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of proteins on compressed, non-porous agarose beads. I. Hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. AB - Macroporous agarose beads were converted into non-porous beads by shrinkage and cross-linking in organic solvents. These beads could be used for high-performance hydrophobic-interaction chromatography without derivatization with non-polar ligands, because the 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, used as cross-linker, gives relatively hydrophobic bridges. The resolution for compressed columns packed with these beads was determined as a function of gradient time at constant flow-rate, flow-rate at constant gradient volume and flow-rate at constant gradient time and as a function of loading capacity. Interestingly, the resolution is virtually independent of flow-rate at constant gradient volume even when the column is packed with relatively large beads (diameter 30 microns). The beads have the advantage of being stable up to pH 14. PMID- 3243883 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of proteins on compressed, non-porous agarose beads. II. Anion-exchange chromatography. AB - Macroporous agarose beads were rendered impermeable to proteins by shrinkage and cross-linking in organic solvents. The chromatographic properties of compressed beds of these non-porous beads derivatized for high-performance ion-exchange chromatography were studied, e.g., the resolution as a function of gradient time, flow-rate (at constant gradient volume) and loading capacity. The columns permit high flow-rates and the resolution is about the same at low and high flow-rates. The beads are stable up to pH 14. PMID- 3243884 TI - Expert system for the selection of high-performance liquid chromatographic methods in pharmaceutical analysis. Validation of the rules for the selection of the mobile phase. AB - The rules for the selection of the mobile phase and the validation performed on 44 pharmaceutical preparations, containing one to five active compounds, are described. These rules are incorporated into an expert system, called LABEL, for the selection of high-performance liquid chromatographic methods in pharmaceutical analysis. A single stationary phase type is used, namely a nitrile or cyanopropyl (CN) column, which can be used in both normal-phase (NP) and reversed-phase (RP) chromatography. Three mobile phase systems were evaluated on this column type: NP, RP with water and RP with buffer. LABEL selects one of these three systems on the basis of the rules incorporated for the mobile phase selection, checks if the addition of ion-suppressing agents to the eluting agent is necessary and finally gives the starting composition of the mobile phase in each of the three systems. For this selection the number of compounds in the sample, the acid-base properties and the hydrophobicity of the solutes are the more important factors. The validation of the rules on 44 pharmaceutical preparations resulted in an immediate success in 82% of all cases. In half of the remaining cases, the system proposed can be adapted with a minor change in conditions, so that it can also be used in practice. PMID- 3243885 TI - Determination of N-n-propylnorapomorphine in serum and brain tissue by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - A method for the determination of the neuroactive compound N-n propylnorapomorphine (NPA) in biological tissues is described. Isolation of NPA from serum or brain tissue was achieved via liquid-liquid extraction from phosphate-buffered tissue extract (0.25 M, pH 7.2) into ethyl acetate. The NPA, along with a [2H7]NPA analogue serving as internal standard, was converted to the corresponding bis(trifluoroacetyl) ester by treatment with excess trifluoroacetic anhydride at 75 degrees C. The electrophoric derivatives were analyzed by fused silica capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the negative ion chemical ionization mode. Selected ion monitoring of the [M-CF3CO]- ions of derivatized NPA (m/z 390) and internal standard [2H7]NPA (m/z 397) permitted the quantitation of NPA in serum and brain samples obtained from rats treated with either free NPA or the prodrug methylenedioxy-NPA (MDO-NPA). Calibration was conducted down to a practical limit of assay sensitivity, at 0.50 ng NPA per ml of serum and 0.50 ng NPA per g of brain. The relative standard deviation for replicate serum samples spiked at 20 ng/ml was 4.2% (n = 5) and for brain samples at 10 ng/g, it was 3.6%. This method revealed differences in the free NPA brain/serum ratios in rats treated separately with the stereoisomers R-(-)-MDO NPA and S-(+)-MDO-NPA. PMID- 3243886 TI - Chromatographic separation of the diastereomers of a dihydropyridine-type calcium channel antagonist as the bis-3,5-dinitrobenzoates. AB - The diastereomeric components of the calcium channel antagonist RS-93522-004 are separated as the bis-3,5-dinitrobenzoate ester by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The diastereomer ratio determination is shown to be precise, accurate and sensitive, and is not affected by the reaction yield of the derivatization with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride. The four individual stereoisomers of RS-93522-004 were independently shown to have equal reactivity toward 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride. PMID- 3243887 TI - Determination of molluscicidal sesquiterpene lactones from Ambrosia maritima (Compositae). AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of sesquiterpene lactones in the molluscicidal plant Ambrosia maritima (Compositae). The four major constituent lactones were measured at 220 nm, using naphthalene as internal standard, and a comparison of different extraction procedures was carried out, with a view to investigating variations in sesquiterpene lactone content. PMID- 3243888 TI - Simultaneous determination of the nine food additives using high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A technique for the simultaneous determination of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl and n-butyl p-hydroxybenzoate) and saccharin sodium using ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The nine food additives were separated on a Nucleosil 3C18 (3 microns) column (75 x 4.6 mm I.D.) using methanol-acetonitrile-0.05 M aqueous acetonic acid solution (pH 4.5) (1.5:1:3.1) containing 2.5 mM cetyltrimethylammonium chloride as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min, and detected at 233 nm. The food additives were separated within 18 min and their calibration graphs were linear between 2 and 200 ng. PMID- 3243889 TI - Determination of ethylenethiourea in beverages without sample pretreatment using high-performance liquid chromatography and amperometric detection on a copper electrode. PMID- 3243890 TI - Determination of chlorine and chlorine dioxide in workplace air by impinger collection and ion-chromatographic analysis. PMID- 3243891 TI - Peak identification of amino acids in liquid chromatography by optical activity detection. PMID- 3243892 TI - Retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: solvatochromic investigation of homologous alcohol-water binary mobile phases. AB - The mechanism of retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) has been further investigated using the ET(30) solvatochromic solvent polarity scale. The retention behavior of a variety of solutes was measured using a homologous series of normal alcohols as the organic modifiers in hydroorganic mobile phases. The results imply that a systematic change in the extent of solvation of the stationary phase occurs with respect to the size of the organic modifier. It was also found that a linear extrapolation of the log k' versus ET(30) plots for different mobile phases using methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile (but not n propanol) as modifiers, intersected at approximately the ET(30) value of pure water. This intersection is further evidence that the ET(30) model of solute retention is a useful tool with which to study the mechanism of retention in RPLC. The extrapolated retention value in water, log k'w, from the ET(30) plots should then prove to be a more reliable means of estimating solute lipophilicity using RPLC than the percent organic modifier model. PMID- 3243893 TI - Twelfth International Symposium on Column Liquid Chromatography. Part II. Washington, DC (U.S.A), June 19-24, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3243894 TI - Oxidative detection of coulometrically reduced organonitro pesticides in reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic system is presented for determination of organonitro pesticides, metabolites and industrial chemicals having a variety of chemical structures. The compounds are chromatographed on a C8 column with an acetonitrile-aqueous ammonium monochloroacetate gradient. The chromatographic responses of the compounds are monitored indirectly by oxidative detection of the coulometrically reduced organonitro functionality by means of a porousgraphite detector. Three nitrophenols (2,4-dinitrophenol, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol and dinoseb), a dinitrophenyl aliphatic ester (binapacryl) and a nitroaniline (dicloran) were detected at low nanogram levels (3-10 ng for 50% recorder full scale deflection). This technique overcomes the problems of high background currents and oxygen interference, observed in the direct reductive detection of organonitro compounds. PMID- 3243895 TI - Determination of a new inotropic agent in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A new orally active inotropic agent, 6-[3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-(2H)-2 oxoquinozolinyl)]-4,5-dihydro-3- (2H)-pyridazinone (I), is currently under investigation. In support of clinical studies, a HPLC assay for the analysis of compound I in human plasma has been developed. The method involved a solid-phase extraction using C18 cartridge columns washed with methanol-water (20:80) and eluted with acetonitrile-water (70:30). The eluate was then extracted with dichloromethane. A reversed-phase alkylphenyl-bonded column was used as the analytical column. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile, 2 propanol and phosphate buffer (pH 4.6). A wavelength of 311 nm was used for detection. The limit of detection of the assay was 2 ng/ml, and the limit of quantitation was 5 ng/ml. A linear calibration range of 5 ng/ml to 1200 ng/ml was obtained with a correlation coefficient less than 0.99. The precision and accuracy were evaluated by analyzing samples of three different concentrations (n = 5), 40, 200 and 800 ng/ml in plasma. The coefficients of variation and the differences from nominal values were less than 10%. The average recovery for 5, 50 and 100 ng/ml of analyte in plasma was about 90%. This assay has been applied to clinical studies with satisfactory performance and to plasma of different species in preclinical studies. PMID- 3243896 TI - Separation of fatty acid binding protein by high-performance mixed-mode chromatography. AB - Fatty acid binding protein (FABP) (14 kDa), can regulate the levels of tissue free fatty acids by binding them with high affinity. Since free fatty acids are known to accumulate in the ischemic myocardium, it is likely that FABP has a significant role in regulating their concentration in ischemic heart. FABP has recently been purified from other proteins, but the method requires several hours and special techniques. In this report, we describe a rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for separating and isolating the FABP from myocardial tissue biopsies. About 25-50 micrograms of rat heart cytosol was incubated with 2 nmol of the potassium salt of [9,10-3H]oleate (25,000 cpm) for 10 min at 37 degrees C. This was then injected onto a Bio-Rad (Richmond, CA, U.S.A.) TSK-125 column. The sample was run using a low-salt isocratic mobile phase containing 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7) and 1 mM dithiothreitol, and at a flow-rate of 0.8 ml/min. The heart cytosol, when incubated with isotopic oleate, was resolved into two radioactive peaks, one eluting in the area of serum albumin (retention time 9.6 min) and the other corresponding to a retention time of 12.9 min. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic profile of the later peak revealed a major protein band of ca. 14 kDa. Rat heart FABP purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography coeluted with the second radioactive peak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243897 TI - Novel dual-wavelength monitoring approach for the improved rapid separation and estimation of adenine nucleotides and creatine phosphate by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid and improved method for the simultaneous quantification of adenine nucleotides, including adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, as well as creatine phosphate by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. A programmable multi-wavelength UV detector was used to monitor the effluent initially at 210 nm for 4 min to measure creative phosphate, and then at 259 nm for 6 min to quantitate adenosine mono-, di- and triphosphate. The method is, thus, not only rapid, but also extremely sensitive because of the utilization of corresponding absorption maxima for creatine phosphate and adenine nucleotides, rather than measuring all of them at a single wavelength. In addition, computer-generated standard curves were used to estimate these compounds, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurements. Since myocardial high-energy phosphate levels are widely measured because they are reliable parameters for myocardial preservation during ischemia, these compounds were assayed in pig heart prior to and following ischemia. The results were compared with those obtained by conventional high-performance liquid chromatographic assay methods in order to examine the validity of this method. Our results indicate that this is indeed a novel method, which is more rapid as well as sensitive and accurate compared with other methods. PMID- 3243898 TI - Quantitation of free amino acids in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. Application of the method in evaluating amino acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - An automatic on-line high-performance liquid chromatographic method based on a precolumn derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde has been developed to quantitate levels of free amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples from 12 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 12 controls. The analytical method gave reproducible results with relative standard deviations of 0.5-3% for all amino acids. The separation of 24 amino acids was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column, using two solvents and a multiple-step gradient. Each chromatographic experiment was completed within 40 min. The results showed higher levels of Glu, Gln, Gly and Ala and lower levels of Met, Val, Phe and Lys in plasma of MS patients. In CSF, increased levels of Gln, Arg, Ser and Tyr and decreased levels of Asp, Glu, Met, gamma-aminobutyric acid and Phe were found in MS patients, whereas the levels of other amino acids remained more or the less same in both groups. PMID- 3243899 TI - Determination of salsolinol by ion-exchange chromatography with glycylglycine as the post-derivatizing agent. AB - The determination of salsolinol in human urine was carried out by ion-exchange chromatography on two coupled columns of a weakly acidic ion exchanger with a hydrophilic matrix (Asahipak ES-502C). Salsolinol was first isolated from urine by adsorption on Amberlite CG-50. It was eluted together with catecholamines by 2/3 M boric acid solution. The amines were then separated by isocratic elution from the first column of Asahipak with 0.05 M sodium succinate buffer (pH 5.5) containing 0.015 M borate and 0.5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and salsolinol were eluted in that order. The salsolinol containing fraction was then transferred, by column switching, to a second Asahipak column and eluted with the same mobile phase. Salsolinol was determined fluorimetrically by reaction with glycylglycine in the presence of hexacyanoferrate(III) at pH 7.5-8 and 65 degrees C. Samples could be analysed every 47 min. The detection limit for salsolinol was 2 pmol/ml. PMID- 3243900 TI - Simultaneous quantitation of catecholamines and O-methylated metabolites in urine by isocratic ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. AB - A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of catecholamines and metanephrines in urine. One-step sample preparation was achieved with Bio-Rex 70 ion-exchange resin. The extract was assayed on a C18 reversed-phase column. Dihydroxybenzylamine was used as an internal standard. The eluent was monitored by an electrochemical detector with an oxidation potential of +0.85 V. The use of 1-heptanesulphonic acid in the mobile phase permitted the separation of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, normetanephrine and metanephrine in a single chromatogram. The corresponding detection limits were 5, 9, 14, 10 and 30 nmol/l, respectively. For the between day precision, the coefficients of variation at physiological and pathological concentrations were less than 11%. Compounds with similar chemical structures and drugs commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypertension were assayed and found not to cause interferences in the chromatogram. The assay is reliable and is suitable for the analysis of clinical specimens. Reference values were established for normotensive Chinese patients with no neurological or endocrine disorders and also for patients suffering from essential hypertension. PMID- 3243901 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of josamycin in serum and urine. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the analysis of josamycin in human serum and urine is presented. The assay involves a simple solid-phase extraction procedure coupled with a phase separation step, separation on a reversed-phase C18 column with UV detection by a multi-wavelength programmable detector. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.015 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.0 (5:2) at a flow-rate of 1.2 ml/min. The column temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C. Linear calibration curves over the concentration ranges 0.1-2.0 mg/l (serum) and 0.5-5 mg/l (urine) were obtained with correlation coefficients of 0.9983 and 1.0000, respectively. The relative standard deviations of five replicate samples at the upper and lower limits of each calibration curve were below 7%. The recoveries at the upper and lower ends of the calibration range for serum were 77% and 70%, respectively, and those for urine were 76% and 80%, respectively. PMID- 3243902 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of indomethacin serum concentrations. PMID- 3243903 TI - Measurement of the release of adenine nucleotides during platelet aggregation by small-bore-column isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - This paper describes a simple and sensitive method for measuring adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine triphosphate in plasma and tissues. This method involves sample preparation by perchloric acid extraction, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography on a small-bore column with UV detection at 254 nm. The minimum detectable amounts were adenosine, 0.60 pmol; adenosine monophosphate, 0.90 pmol; adenosine diphosphate, 1.5 pmol; and adenosine triphosphate, 2.5 pmol. The interassay coefficient of variation for the measurement of these compounds was less than 4%. The influence of varying the pH and the concentration of phosphate, acetonitrile, and ion pairing reagent are described. This method can be used to measure adenine nucleotide release during platelet aggregation. PMID- 3243904 TI - Rapid isolation of thymosin beta 4 from thymosin fraction 5 by preparative high performance liquid chromatography. AB - We have developed a rapid, efficient, and reproducible two-step method for the purification of thymosin beta 4 (T beta 4) from thymosin fraction 5 (TF5). This purification is based on the use of high-performance preparative/semi-preparative and analytical reversed-phase (Delta-Pak C18) chromatographic columns. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid compositional analysis have shown that natural, purified T beta 4 is identical to synthetic T beta 4. This procedure can be used to isolate other biologically active peptides from TF5 in sufficient quantity for characterization. PMID- 3243905 TI - Determination of noscapine and its metabolites in plasma by coupled-column liquid chromatography. AB - Noscapine, narcotoline and cotarnine were quantified in deproteinized plasma samples by using a coupled-column liquid chromatographic system. The drug and the metabolites were first separated into two groups on a short polar precolumn (-CN) with an acidic mobile phase, containing a low content of acetonitrile. The metabolites were transferred to a hydrophobic analytical column (C18) and separated with a mobile phase containing a counter ion and a co-ion in an acidic buffer with an high acetonitrile content. Noscapine was transferred to another hydrophobic analytical column (C18) with a mobile phase containing a counter ion in an acidic buffer with an high acetonitrile content. Ultraviolet detection at 310 nm was used for all three compounds. The limits of quantitation were 9 ng/ml for noscapine, 13 ng/ml for cotarnine and 20 ng/ml for narcotoline. The within day precisions were better than 6% (relative standard deviation), and the absolute recoveries were above 82%. PMID- 3243906 TI - Application of high-performance liquid chromatography to the analysis of propionyl-L-carnitine by a stereospecific enzyme assay. AB - Propionyl-L-carnitine was converted by chemical hydrolysis (0.3 M potassium hydroxide, pH 12.8, room temperature) into L-carnitine, which competes with crotonoylbetaine formation and can be quantitatively evaluated by an enzyme assay. Under the conditions selected, hydrolysis of propionyl-L-carnitine to L carnitine was completed in a few minutes with less than 0.5% of crotonoylbetaine being formed. The method described is enantioselective and possesses the analytical requirements for assaying propionyl-L-carnitine during chemical synthesis procedures and in pharmaceutical formulations. PMID- 3243907 TI - Rapid and sensitive method for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of pterins in biological fluids. AB - A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the analysis of the most important urinary pterins is described. The method involves a preliminary sample oxidation to stabilize and convert pterins into their fluorescent forms and a purification by anion-exchange chromatography, followed by a short reversed-phase HPLC separation with fluorometric detection and quantitation of the different pterins. A complete HPLC analysis is accomplished in as little as 15 min. The sensitivity of the method allows the detection of as little as 20 pg of each pterin with a mean recovery greater than 99% for all pterins analysed. Reference values were obtained from 50 normal babies aged between 1 and 120 days. A significant correlation was found between urinary biopterin levels and the age of the babies (r = 0.445), while neopterin did not show any significant correlation with age. The "biopterin neopterin creatinine ratio" (BNCR index) was also significantly correlated with the age of the babies (r = 0.428). This rapid and sensitive method for pterin determination in biological fluids may be useful in the differential diagnosis of the various hyperphenylalaninemic conditions identified by neonatal mass screening programmes. PMID- 3243908 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic evaluation of salicyloyl pyridixol and systemic metabolites in biological samples. AB - An high-performance liquid chromatographic analytical method, which allows quantitative evaluation of both salicyloyl pyridixol and its metabolite salicylic acid, is reported. This method has demonstrated to possess the required specifications in terms of linearity, sensitivity, extraction recovery, reproducibility and specificity for pharmacokinetic investigations in both human subjects and experimental animals. The results obtained from an investigation on the rat are briefly discussed. PMID- 3243909 TI - Rapid identification of Bacteroides species by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography was evaluated for the rapid identification of Bacteroides species of clinical interest. Each isolate was inoculated into a defined chemical medium containing primarily carbohydrates and was incubated aerobically at 37 degrees C for 1 h. After centrifugation, the supernatants were placed on ice to stop further enzymatic reactions. Specimens were injected into an Aminex HPX-87H column in order to determine carbohydrates and acid metabolic products. Peak areas of carbohydrates for each isolate were compared with those for uninoculated medium. As the utilization indexes of raffinose, lactose and arabinose were found to be particularly significant, the patterns of carbohydrate utilization could be used for the identification of Bacteroides species. This method can be adapted for diagnostic laboratory use and has good potential for automated microbial identification. PMID- 3243910 TI - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with double detection system for L-dopa, its metabolites and carbidopa in plasma of parkinsonian patients under L-dopa therapy. AB - An analytical method is described for measuring L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L DOPA), 3-O-methyl-DOPA, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, free catecholamines and the peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, carbidopa, in plasma samples of Parkinsonian patients by using high-performance liquid chromatography. A sample preparation method is presented for the isolation of the catecholamines and L DOPA with its metabolites. Catecholamines are extracted by weak cation exchange on small columns and subsequent adsorption on alumina. L-DOPA, 3-O-methyl-DOPA, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and carbidopa contained in the column effluents are directly injected in the chromatographic system. The eluates are separated on a reversed-phase column, monitored by both a coulometric electrochemical detector and a fluorescence detector, connected in series. Chromatographic peaks were identified on the basis of their retentions and response ratios of the two detectors. Two examples are presented of therapeutic drug monitoring in Parkinsonian patients treated with oral doses and continuous intravenous infusion of L-DOPA. PMID- 3243911 TI - Scale-up methodology for the preparative purification of peptide M. AB - An octadecapeptide, peptide M, the epitope of a retinal protein that induces experimental autoimmune uveitis, was synthesized and purified by preparative reversed-phase chromatography. The flow-rate and gradient conditions for maximum separation of impurities were determined on a 30 x 0.39 cm I.D. column of Delta Pak (15-microns spherical C18-bonded silica with 300-A pores). The maximum amount of peptide that was resolved under these conditions was then determined experimentally. Using a scale factor dependent on the square of the column diameters, the flow-rate and amount loaded were increased 164 times on a 30 x 5 cm I.D. column of the same packing. The same resolution was achieved. Batches of 200-342 mg were chromatographed with reproducible results, providing a total yield of 394 mg of pure peptide. PMID- 3243912 TI - Preparative-scale high-performance liquid chromatography of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid esters derived from fish oil. AB - Marine triglyceride-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl esters were separated by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography on a 25-microns octadecyl stationary phase using a ternary isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile tetrahydrofuran-water (466:233:300, v/v/v). The highest purity first-run fractions obtained were ethyl esters of the major marine polyunsaturates eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 omega 3, 97.7%) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3, 93.7%), and the minor polyunsaturate octadecatetraenoic acid (18:4 omega 3, 98.1%). PMID- 3243913 TI - Importance of oral dosing rate on the hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile on nilvadipine. AB - Nilvadipine was administered as an oral solution formulation to 12 normotensive subjects in a three-way randomized crossover study at a dose of 16 mg as three different dosing regimens: 1) as a single 16 mg dose, 2) as a 1.6 mg dose given hourly for 10 doses, and 3) as an initial dose of 4.8 mg, followed by 1.6 mg doses given every hour for seven additional doses. After each dose, clinical effects, hemodynamic changes and the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug were determined. The mean maximum changes in diastolic (DBP) and systolic (SBP) blood pressure and heart rate (HR) after dosing regimens 1, 2, and 3 were: -33, -13 and +46%; -17, -14 and +38%; and -24, -14 and +36%, respectively. There was a relationship between the changes in DBP and HR and plasma concentrations of nilvadipine only after dosing regimen 1. The effect-concentration relationships were fit to a modified Emax model. There was no relationship between the change in SBP and plasma concentration after any of the dosing regimens. While there were no significant differences in the mean area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC0----infinity) between dosing regimens 2 (38.7 ng.hr/mL) and 3 (42.1 ng.hr/mL) (P greater than 0.05), the mean AUC0----infinity after regimen 1 (76.3 ng.hr/mL) was significantly greater than after dosing regimens 2 or 3 (P less than 0.05). The mean maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 31.6, 1.3 and 6.3 ng/mL after dosing regimens 1, 2 and 3, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243914 TI - Safety, tolerance and pharmacokinetics of intravenous doses of the phosphate ester of 3-hydroxymethyl-5,5-diphenylhydantoin: a new prodrug of phenytoin. AB - A new prodrug of phenytoin, the disodium phosphate ester of 3-hydroxymethyl-5,5 diphenylhydantoin (ACC-9653), was administered intravenously over 30 minutes to four different groups of volunteers at doses of 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg. The prodrug and phenytoin were measured in plasma samples, collected at specified times, by specific high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays. The prodrug, after achieving a maximum concentration at the end of the 30-minute infusion (Cmax 20, 36, 75, 129 micrograms/mL) declined rapidly with a half-life (t1/2) of about 8 minutes. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (10, 19, 43, 77 mg.hr/L) was proportional to dose whereas the total clearance, 14 L/hr, was independent of dose. The volume of distribution of the prodrug, a polar, water-soluble molecule was about 2.6 L, indicating that most of the dose remained in the plasma. The concentration of phenytoin reached 90% of its maximum about 12 minutes after the end of the infusion of ACC-9653. At the dose of 1200 mg of prodrug, the average peak concentration of phenytoin was about 17 micrograms/mL, near the upper limit of the therapeutic range. Adverse reactions (lightheadedness, nystagmus, incoordination) were minor and attributed to phenytoin. No significant abnormalities in ECG, Holter monitoring, or EEG were noted after the infusion of ACC-9653. PMID- 3243915 TI - The effect of methotrimeprazine on arterial blood gases in human volunteers. AB - Since methotrimeprazine proved to be both an effective tranquilizer and analgesic, its effect in a tranquilizing dose of 0.15 mg/kg on the arterial blood gases was determined in human volunteers. Because of the known potentiating effect of some phenothiazines on the narcotic-analgesic induced respiratory depression and analgesia, the effect of methotrimeprazine on the meperidine induced respiratory depression was also studied. Before, and at five minute intervals after the administration of the test drugs, PaO2, PaCO2 and pH were determined by a Radiometer Copenhagen Blood Gas Analyzer (Radiometer Copenhagen, 72 Endruvej, Denmark) through a Riley-needle. Continuous ECG lead II tracings were taken during the experiment. No significant decrease in PaO2 or increase in PaCO2 (P less than 0.01) was observed in 6 healthy volunteers (mean age = 25 yrs) after 0.15 mg/kg i.v. methotrimeprazine. In 19 volunteers (mean age = 32 yrs), the intravenous infusion of 1.5 mg/kg meperidine caused significant decrease in PaO2 and increase in PaCO2 five minutes after its administration. The combined administration of both drugs to 6 volunteers (mean age = 23 yr) caused initially the same decrease in PaO2 as after meperidine alone with subsequent increase in PaO2 over normal levels, however, the PaCO2 significantly increased both as compared to baseline values and as compared with meperidine alone. The pH reductions after the combination of both drugs were greater than after meperidine alone, which in combination with the PaCO2 values confirms the potentiation of meperidine-induced respiratory depression by methotrimeprazine. The results indicate the methotrimeprazine alone causes no significant respiratory depression, but it potentiates the respiratory depression caused by meperidine. PMID- 3243916 TI - Sleep apnea following withdrawal of amitriptyline. AB - A 41-year-old man developed sleep apnea following abrupt cessation of amitriptyline. Cessation of antidepressants may result in excessive release of acetylcholine, which increases REM sleep. This in turn increases disordered breathing time and decreases nocturnal oxygenation. Sleep apnea did not recur when amitriptyline was reinstated and later gradually discontinued. PMID- 3243917 TI - Effects of age, gender and oral contraceptives on intramuscular midazolam pharmacokinetics. AB - The effects of age, gender and low-dose (50 mcg or less) oral contraceptive steroids (OCS) on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam were evaluated following a single 7.5 mg intramuscular dose to five groups (8/group) of healthy volunteers consisting of young males, young females, elderly males, elderly females, and young female users of oral contraceptives. Blood samples were collected at specified times over a 24-hour period, and plasma concentrations of midazolam and its 1-hydroxymethyl metabolite were determined by a GC-EC assay. Midazolam was rapidly absorbed following intramuscular administration to the different groups. Comparison of young men vs elderly men, young women vs elderly women, young men vs young women, elderly men vs elderly women, and young women OCS-users vs young women non-OCS users indicated no substantial differences in the pharmacokinetic profile of midazolam between groups except for the comparison between the young and elderly men groups. The rate of elimination of midazolam was significantly slower in the elderly males compared to the young men. The pharmacokinetic profile of 1-hydroxymethyl midazolam paralleled that of the parent compound. This is to be expected since this metabolite exhibits formation rate-limited kinetics. Except for one subject who reported hives and itching, considered to be remotely related to test drug, no other adverse experiences or laboratory abnormalities were reported. PMID- 3243918 TI - Bioavailability of potassium from three dosage forms: suspension, capsule, and solution. AB - A crossover study was performed in 28, healthy, male volunteers to determine the bioavailability of potassium from a suspension containing microencapsulated potassium chloride compared with that from a marketed microencapsulated potassium chloride capsule and a marketed potassium chloride solution. The 20-day study consisted of four, five-day periods. In three of the periods, a single, 40-mEq dose of one of the potassium formulations was administered; no drug treatment was given in the remaining period so that the amount of potassium contributed by dietary sources could be determined. Meals were served that provided controlled amounts of potassium and sodium. Bioavailability was represented by cumulative amount of K+ excreted in urine 24 and 48 hours after drug administration. The rate of absorption was calculated from excretion rates during each of the intervals of urine collection on Days 4. The pattern of excretion exhibited by the solution indicated rapid absorption and elimination. The potassium from the suspension and the capsules was excreted more slowly and over a longer period, indicating that the potassium content from these formulations was not being dumped. No statistically significant differences between the suspension and the capsules were found. The extent of absorption of K+ was similar from all three products, and the potassium from the suspension was found to be fully bioavailable when compared with the liquid and the capsule. PMID- 3243919 TI - Nifedipine-aminophylline interaction. PMID- 3243920 TI - Pharmacodynamics of procainamide in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - The onset and offset of the electropharmacologic effect of procainamide was studied in nine patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Procainamide was given at a constant infusion rate of 0.27 +/- 0.05 mg/kg/min for 50 to 60 minutes to an average total dose of 15.5 +/- 4.4 mg/kg. The QRS interval (used as an index of electropharmacologic effect) at a paced cycle length of 500 ms, and the plasma procainamide concentration were measured simultaneously every 5 minutes during infusion and at frequent intervals for up to 4 hours during a washout period. The average peak plasma concentration was 15.8 +/- 9.6 micrograms/ml and the average maximum QRS interval prolongation was 23.9 +/- 6.8% from baseline. The temporal and static plasma concentration-effect relationships were evaluated by pharmacodynamic modeling and linear regression. For six patients, there was a minimal (less than 2 minutes) delay in the plasma concentration-effect relationship, and the data fit a linear relationship with an average slope of 3.2 +/- 1.1 msec/microgram/ml. For the other three patients, there was a significant delay (3, 10, and 18 minutes respectively) in the plasma concentration-effect relationship. In most patients, the electropharmacologic effect of procainamide is rapid and proportional to plasma concentration; but in a minority of patients, significant delay occurs and could influence the results and interpretation of electropharmacologic studies. PMID- 3243921 TI - Rapid estimation of unbound lidocaine clearance in cardiac patients: implications for reducing toxicity. AB - The clearance (CL), volume of distribution (Vd) and elimination half-life (t1/2), based on unbound and total concentration-time data, were estimated using two serum lidocaine concentrations drawn approximately 6 and 12 hours after the initiation of continuous intravenous lidocaine therapy in nine patients with myocardial infarction (MI) (in the immediate postinfarct period) and in 12 patients with ventricular arrhythmias. No significant intergroup differences were found for any of the parameters based on unbound or total lidocaine concentration time data. A significant (P less than .01) correlation was found between measured unbound lidocaine and unbound lidocaine concentrations predicted using alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAGP) and total serum lidocaine concentrations. However, the predicted values were significantly lower than the measured values for both groups (P less than .001). Significant correlations were found between total and unbound volumes of distribution and between total and unbound clearances. Coefficients of determination (r2) for these correlations were 0.6906 and 0.9178 respectively. The relationship between total and unbound clearance allows rapid estimation of unbound clearance from two total serum lidocaine concentrations. Unbound clearance can then be used to determine patient-specific maximum infusion rates and reduce the risk of central nervous system toxicity from lidocaine. PMID- 3243922 TI - Worldwide variation in chloramphenicol utilization: should it cause concern? AB - Per capita sales of chloramphenicol in Hong Kong (which presumably reflect adult and pediatric consumption in the community) are between about 11 to 442 fold greater than in several western countries and Australia. Despite such relatively excessive exposure to a potentially marrow-damaging drug, the certified death rate from aplastic anemia in Hong Kong was only 0.4 per 1000 deaths compared with 1.0 per 1000 in England and Wales. Nor was there any other evidence to indicate that Hong Kong residents suffered an excessive incidence of aplastic anemia. Wherever chloramphenicol use is widespread, prospective investigations should be undertaken in the local population to evaluate the alleged high risks of producing aplastic anemia. PMID- 3243923 TI - Ranitidine accumulation in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. AB - Ranitidine accumulation was assessed in 20 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis following oral daily doses of 150 mg ranitidine for 10 days. Serum ranitidine concentrations prior to dialysis were 191 +/- 115 mcg/l and 207 +/- 172 mcg/l for patients dialyzed three and two times per week, respectively. The amount of ranitidine recovered in the dialysate during the final dialysis session of the study was negligible and ranged from 308-3036 mcg, representing less than 3% of the administered dose. Clearance by hemodialysis was 3.0 +/- 1.1 l/hr. Once daily dosing of 150 mg ranitidine does not result in excessive accumulation, and drug loss during hemodialysis is small. These data suggest that supplemental dosing after hemodialysis is not indicated. PMID- 3243924 TI - Dose-response study of prazosin in Raynaud's phenomenon: clinical effectiveness versus side effects. AB - In a dose-response study of prazosin in 24 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, the clinical effectiveness and side effects of 3, 6, and 12 mg prazosin administered daily were compared. Diary analysis and measurement of finger skin blood flow and temperature before, during, and after cold challenge showed no major differences among these three dose regimens. Standing systolic blood pressure decreased significantly during the 12-mg period in comparison with the 6 mg (P less than .05) and with the 3-mg period (P less than .02), whereas heart rate increased in the 6-mg and 3-mg periods (P less than .05). In the higher dosage ranges, spontaneous mentioned side effects were noticed most often, which was in accordance with the results of a checklist analysis on adverse effects. Three patients withdrew from the study because of complaints that might be due to orthostatic hypotension. Most patients that wanted to continue prazosin after this study (n = 13) did so on a 3-mg basis (n = 10). Because prazosin 3 mg daily is more effective in treating of Raynaud's phenomenon than is placebo, the study shows that in a dosage of 3 mg daily, the best balance between clinical effectiveness and side effects is obtained. PMID- 3243925 TI - Enhanced pirmenol elimination by rifampin. AB - The potential for drug-drug interaction between pirmenol, an extensively metabolized antiarrhythmic agent, and rifampin, a potent inducer of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, was evaluated in 12 healthy adults. After administration of a single 150-mg oral dose of pirmenol on day 1, pirmenol plasma and urine concentrations were determined for 72 hours postdose. On days 4 through 17, subjects received 600 mg of rifampin once daily. On day 15, subjects were given a second single 150-mg oral dose of pirmenol concomitantly with rifampin, and plasma and urine concentrations were again determined. Coadministration of rifampin with pirmenol resulted in significant (P less than .005) changes in pirmenol pharmacokinetic parameters. A sixfold decrease in pirmenol AUC and sevenfold increase in the apparent plasma clearance of pirmenol were found. Elimination half-life decreased more than twofold. Based on these findings, pirmenol dosage adjustment will be required when pirmenol is given to patients concurrently receiving rifampin. These results suggest that the administration of pirmenol with other agents that induce hepatic enzymes may result in accelerated pirmenol clearance. PMID- 3243926 TI - The hemodynamic effects of intravenous ranitidine in intensive care unit patients: a double-blind prospective study. AB - The hemodynamic effects of intravenous ranitidine were studied in a prospective double-blind fashion in postoperative intensive care unit patients to determine if this H2 blocker produced the same transient fall in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance known to occur with cimetidine infusion. We found no statistically significant hemodynamic changes from baseline associated with infusion of 50 mg ranitidine over a 5-minute period. The different chemical ring structure of ranitidine and its effect on H2 vascular and cardiac receptors may account for these observations. PMID- 3243927 TI - Suppression of pentylenetetrazol-elicited seizure activity by intraosseous propranolol in pigs. AB - The intraosseous (IO) route provides a rapid and effective alternative venous access in the pediatric population when the conventional intravenous (IV) route cannot be easily obtained. DL-propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, exhibits antiepileptic activity in various animal seizure models. This study assessed the efficacy of IO propranolol in suppressing pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced seizure activity in pigs. Domestic swine (13-20 kg) were prepared for recordings of arterial blood pressure, ECG and electrocortical activity. Seizure activity was induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 100 mg/kg; IV). Sixty seconds after the onset of seizure activity, the animals either received no drug (control) or propranolol (IV or IO via an 18-gauge spinal needle placed in the right proximal tibia). A transient increase (16.3-50.0%) in the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was observed following PTZ administration. Both IO and IV propranolol significantly suppressed the seizure duration (SD) (sec/min interval) at 1 min following drug administration; SD control, 36.3 +/- 4.8; IV propranolol, 12.3 +/- 5.1; IO propranolol, 18.3 +/- 6.0. In addition, both IV and IO propranolol produced a maximal decrease of 32-38% in the basal heart rate; and reduced the transient increase in MAP elicited by PTZ, with no significant effect on the basal MAP. The data demonstrate that 1) propranolol possesses anticonvulsant activity against PTZ-induced seizure in the pig, and 2) the intraosseous route is a rapid and effective alternative venous access for propranolol administration in swine. PMID- 3243928 TI - Lack of effect of cholestyramine on phenytoin bioavailability. AB - The effect of cholestyramine (4 g qid for 5 days) on the kinetics of phenytoin (400 mg orally) was investigated in normal subjects. Apart from a trend toward faster phenytoin absorption, the serum level profile of the drug during concurrent cholestyramine coadministration was similar to that observed in a control session. Areas under the serum phenytoin concentration curves were virtually identical in the two occasions. It is concluded that cholestyramine does not significantly affect the bioavailability of a single dose of phenytoin. PMID- 3243929 TI - Influence of food on tianeptine and its main metabolite kinetics. AB - The influence of a test meal on the absorption and disposition of tianeptine (Stablon), a new antidepressant, was investigated in 12 healthy subjects in a two way, randomized, open cross-over study. Single 12.5-mg oral doses of tianeptine were administered following a night of fasting or immediately after a standardized breakfast. When subjects received tianeptine under fasting conditions the lag time before absorption onset, and the time of the maximum plasma concentration were 0.55 +/- 0.26 hours and 1.29 +/- 0.29 hours, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration was 322 +/- 44 ng/mL, and the total area under the curve 994 +/- 248 ng/hr/mL. When tianeptine was given at the end of the meal, several significant changes were found for tianeptine kinetic parameters; the lag time increased by 0.3 hour and the maximum plasma concentration was lowered (decreased by 25%) and occurred later (tmax increased by 0.5 hour). However, no significant change was found in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve. The trend and extent of changes in the MC5 metabolite parameters were similar to those observed for the parent drug. Absorption of tianeptine is slightly delayed and slowed down without modification of its extent when tianeptine is given at the end of a meal. These slight changes are not clinically relevant for an antidepressant administered three times a day. Despite the changes observed, tianeptine may be given at meal times to improve compliance with treatment. PMID- 3243930 TI - Interaction of alcohol and transdermally administered scopolamine. AB - In a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind cross-over study in 12 healthy volunteers the effect of acute alcohol intake during treatment with transdermally administered scopolamine (TTS-scopolamine) was investigated. One group of six subjects reached maximal blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 80 mg/dL and another group of six subjects a BAC of 130 mg/dL. There was no significant potentiation of alcohol effects on critical flicker fusion frequency by TTS scopolamine. Sensorimotor function (choice reaction task) was also not significantly more influence by the combination. There was no effect of scopolamine on the elimination of alcohol. The urinary excretion of scopolamine was not influenced by oral intake of alcohol. TTS-scopolamine caused only minor side effects in a few volunteers, such as dry mouth (2 of 12) and blurred vision (1 of 12). PMID- 3243931 TI - Absorption of naproxen controlled-release tablets in fasting and postprandial volunteers. AB - The absorption of naproxen in a new controlled-release (CR) formulation (1000 mg tablet) was studied in fasting and postprandial volunteers. The total area under the plasma concentration-time curve averaged 2221 micrograms.hr/mL in fasting participants and 2111 micrograms.hr/mL in postprandial participants; whereas the difference was statistically significant (P = .025), the 95% confidence intervals indicated equivalent values. The peak plasma concentration was lower in the fasting state (63.1 micrograms/mL) than in the fed state (86.1 micrograms/mL) (P = .0001). There were no statistically significant differences between fasting versus postprandial values for the mean absorption time (9.7 hr vs. 7.7 hr) or plasma half-life (17.3 hr vs. 17.6 hr). Hence, the rate and extent of absorption of CR naproxen was not substantially altered by the ingestion of food. PMID- 3243932 TI - Comparative bioavailability of suprofen after coadministration with food or milk. AB - Suprofen is a nonsteroidal analgesic with demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of mild to moderate pain associated with a variety of clinical conditions. Because nonsteroidal analgesic agents may cause gastrointestinal side effects, they are frequently prescribed with food or milk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a standard meal and milk alone on the rate and extent of absorption of suprofen. In a randomized three-way cross-over study, 24 healthy volunteers each received a single 200-mg oral dose of suprofen in the fasted state half an hour after a standard meal or half an hour after an 8-ounce glass of milk. The influence of food and milk was greater on the rate than on the extent of absorption of suprofen as illustrated by a more pronounced effect on Cmax than on AUC. In addition, food had a greater influence on the bioavailability of suprofen than milk. Food decreased the mean Cmax to 44% and the mean AUC to 81% relative to the fasted state, whereas milk decreased the mean Cmax to 74% and the mean AUC to only 87% of the respective parameters in the fasted state. Symmetrical confidence intervals demonstrated that the mean AUCmilk was within only 19% and the mean AUCfood was within only 25% of the mean AUC in the fasted state, with 95% confidence. PMID- 3243933 TI - Comparison of excretion of nicotinuric acid after ingestion of two controlled release nicotinic acid preparations in man. AB - We tested an inexpensive controlled-release nicotinic acid product (Bronson Pharmaceuticals, LaCanada, CA) and compared it with the standard, more expensive, controlled release product, Nicobid (Rorer Pharmaceuticals), by measuring the 24 hour urinary recovery of nicotinic and nicotinuric acids from ten subjects following 500 mg oral ingestion of each product. Nicotinuric acid is the major detoxification product of nicotinic acid and may serve as a simple quantitative index of hepatic biotransformation of nicotinic acid. Although both products demonstrated controlled release profiles, the rate of appearance of nicotinic and nicotinuric acid in the urine as well as the rate of in vitro drug dissolution of the Bronson product were more rapid compared with Nicobid. Moreover, the total amounts of nicotinic acid and nicotinuric acid recovered in the urine after 24 hours were greater for the Bronson product (P less than .05). Since sustained presentation of nicotinic acid to the liver may correlate with clinical antihyperlipidemic effects, our results suggest that the Bronson product may prove to be a clinically useful preparation. PMID- 3243934 TI - Ketoprofen: a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic. PMID- 3243935 TI - Ketoprofen (Orudis): U.S. and European experience in arthritis and pain. PMID- 3243936 TI - Comparison of the safety of several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs currently or formerly marketed in the United Kingdom. AB - Reports of suspected adverse reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were related to estimated numbers of prescriptions for these drugs during the years 1968 to 1981. The 16 drugs first marketed during this period had similarly high initial rates of adverse effects reported, followed by a rapid decline. There was a marked variation between drugs in initial reporting rates. A number of factors may confound comparisons between drugs and appeared to apply to two drugs: fenbufen, for which the numbers of reports was increased by reports from a postmarketing surveillance study, and zomepirac, which was labeled and tested as a general analgesic (i.e., differently from the other NSAIDs). Otherwise, the drugs with higher initial rates of reported adverse experiences later were withdrawn from the market. Naproxen and ketoprofen, which were marketed the same year (1973) and used continuously for over 14 years in the United Kingdom, were associated with similar reporting patterns that were different from those for many other NSAIDs. It is concluded that anomalies in the frequency and pattern of suspected drug-related adverse reactions in the absence of any confounding factor are an important signal of the need for further investigation. PMID- 3243937 TI - [Mechanisms of electron transport and hydroxylation with the participation of cytochrome P-450]. PMID- 3243938 TI - [A method for nonspecific intraperitoneal immunization]. PMID- 3243939 TI - [The mechanism of reverse inhibition of cholinesterases by thionphosphonates]. PMID- 3243940 TI - [9,12,13-Trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic and 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10,11-epoxy octadecanoic acids--new antistress substances isolated from licorice]. PMID- 3243941 TI - Networked personal computers for desk-top publishing and graphics production. PMID- 3243942 TI - Film and electronics--a marriage of convenience. PMID- 3243943 TI - A routine method for the quantification of physical change in melanocytic naevi using digital image processing. PMID- 3243944 TI - The Oxford retro-illumination cataract recording camera--a new instrument. PMID- 3243945 TI - Some thoughts on the use of health films and videos. PMID- 3243946 TI - The production process of health films and videos. PMID- 3243947 TI - The marketing and distribution of health films and videos. PMID- 3243948 TI - Porcelain facings in dentistry and the importance of clinical illustrations to the dentist and dental ceramist. PMID- 3243949 TI - [Recent wounds of the lacrimal duct. Apropos of 262 cases treated as emergencies]. AB - From 1982 to 1987, surgery was performed in emergency in 262 patients on lacrimal ducts at the Hotel Dieu Hospital in Paris. The retrospective study of these cases and the comparison with the conclusion of the report of the French Society of Ophthalmology about the lacrimal apparatus (1980) can allow us a few conclusions. The first cause is assault in a 30 year old man, with a left lower canaliculus wound, and 20% of the cases an eye-penetrating wound. With the current use of safety belts, car-related injuries have become the second cause. Children are often bitten by family dogs. Upper lacrimal drainage wounds are associated in 40% of the cases with eye-penetrating wound, and must be repaired. Complications of intubation are: disappearance of silicone tubing 5%; loop retraction: 8%; slit canaliculus: 16% of the cases. This last complication becomes rarer with surgical experience. Concerning nasolacrimal intubation versus pig-tail probe, statistical results lead us to prefer the first technique. PMID- 3243950 TI - [Malignant lymphoma of parotid origin mimicking Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome]. AB - The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is classically described as the association of a unilateral tumefaction, a facial hemiparesia and of a furrowing of the tongue. Granulomatous blepharitis is an unusual localisation of the facial tumefaction, and chronic periocular oedema may represent a difficult differential diagnosis. The reported case has erroneously been diagnosed as a Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and further showed to be a parotid gland involvement of a systemic malignant lymphoma. PMID- 3243951 TI - [Congenital anophthalmos. Control of osteogenesis with an expanding intraorbital prosthesis]. AB - Both congenital anophthalmia and severe microphthalmia lead to micro-orbit with early appearance of craniofacial hemiatrophy. There is simultaneous lack of development of the lids (which remain small but complete) and of the conjunctival sac. Use of esthetic ocular prosthesis is thus impossible. The conjunctival sac can be dilated with conformators of increasing size but this technique has no effect on the orbit. The results of repeated plastic surgery are unsatisfactory. Stimulation of ocular growth by an expandable prosthesis in early infancy would appear to be the most logical and effective therapy. The authors propose a "new" technique for the expansion of the orbital cavity of the congenital anophthalmia. They have deviced a silicone prosthesis which is progressively expanded in size. The device has now been in use for over eighteen months with really encouraging results (17 cases). PMID- 3243952 TI - [Causes of enucleation in Zaire]. AB - The primary causes of 143 enucleations in Zaire are reviewed. Trauma is the most important cause (37 per cent) and the next in importance is malignant tumor. The male:female ratio is 1.2:1. PMID- 3243953 TI - [Treatment of Behcet's disease with mizoribine]. PMID- 3243954 TI - Nerve cysts (neuroma/neuromata) PMID- 3243955 TI - Distal metatarsal osteotomy for bunionette deformity. AB - Surgical treatment of a bunionette deformity was carried out in 54 feet (36 patients) using the Hohmann displacement osteotomy modified by Thomasen on the fifth metatarsal. Forty-eight operated feet (32 patients) were evaluated 69 months postoperatively (median). The patients were fully satisfied in 88% of the cases and partly satisfied or unsatisfied in 12%. The fully satisfied patients stressed the fact that they were now able to wear whatever style of footwear they desired. The objective success rate was 78% (6% recurrences, 10% transfer lesions, 4% intractable plantar keratosis and 2% operative complications). The authors conclude that the operation is an effective treatment for the bunionette deformity, and that the effect of the operation appears to be long lasting, with few reappearances 5 to 6 years after the operation. PMID- 3243956 TI - Surgical management of cleft foot deformity. AB - A congenital deformity of ectrodactyly or cleft foot is rarely if ever seen by podiatric surgeons. The authors present a case of this deformity and share their experiences of its reconstruction. Different surgical strategies are discussed. PMID- 3243957 TI - Retrospective analysis of surgical treatment of hallux rigidus/limitus: clinical and radiographic follow-up of hinged, silastic implant arthroplasty and cheilectomy. AB - Many authors have hypothesized on the etiology of hallux limitus and have proposed grading systems for classifying the degree of first metatarsophalangeal joint derangement and dysfunction. Several opinions exist regarding surgical treatment, should a patient fail with conservative therapy. Hinged, Silastic implant arthroplasty and cheilectomy account for a significant proportion of procedures accomplished. However, little follow-up documents and critically analyzes the long-term results of these procedures. This study analyzes, retrospectively, the results of these procedures with a minimum follow-up of 46 months. Hinged, Silastic implant arthroplasty appears to be a safe, technically easy, efficacious procedure in the grade II to III lesion in patients of 60 years or older, in whom an active life-style is desired. Cheilectomy appears to be indicated in the patient with a classic grade I lesion, while its use in grade II lesions, especially in the presence of sesamoid disease, requires further investigation. PMID- 3243958 TI - Stress fracture of the tarsal navicular: two unusual case reports. AB - Stress fractures of the tarsal navicular are an uncommon entity in podiatric and orthopedic literature, being reported only 40 times. These cases were usually in the younger, active patient population. The cases reported in this paper were older individuals that were inactive. Both cases were originally misdiagnosed, but later shown to be stress fractures, one being the only hypertrophic nonunion recorded to date. The authors believe the stress-fractured navicular is often misdiagnosed, and probably more common than recently reported. PMID- 3243959 TI - A study of the use of a double tourniquet technique to obtain hemostasis in combination with local standby sedation during podiatric surgery. AB - Most surgeons believe that incorporation of a pneumatic thigh tourniquet requires concomitant use of general anesthesia to prevent the patient from experiencing intolerable discomfort. These authors explored use of pneumatic thigh tourniquets in combination with local standby sedation by conducting a two-part study. A group of nonsedated student volunteers was first studied, after applying pneumatic thigh tourniquets. They expressed an average time to pain tolerance of 31.5 min. This was followed by a study of sedated patients in the operating room, where the average time to pain tolerance was 45.3 min. The manuscript further characterized the thigh tourniquet pain experience. Guidelines are discussed to maximize the patient's pain tolerance, while maintaining effective hemostasis throughout the surgical procedure. PMID- 3243960 TI - Geometric austin osteotomy. AB - Hallux valgus correction utilizing first metatarsal osteotomies is briefly reviewed by the author. A modification of the Austin "V" procedure is presented, using basic geometric principles. Five patients are reported with successful results. PMID- 3243962 TI - California College of Podiatric Medicine and American College of Foot Surgeon's scientific super seminar. Las Vegas, Nevada, February 21-24, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3243961 TI - Dwyer osteotomy for treatment of calcaneal varus. AB - Treatment of varus deformity of the rearfoot is satisfactorily corrected with a lateral closing wedge osteotomy of the calcaneus. Whether the condition being treated is club foot, pes cavus deformity, or calcaneal varus alone, statistics show the varus component is consistently resolved with this osteotomy approach. A case report of calcaneal varus is presented, including a postoperative complication with resolution. PMID- 3243963 TI - Thyroid hormone and the mitochondrial population in the rat heart. AB - The effects of the thyroid hormone on the number and protein content of mitochondria were investigated in rat heart. The specific mitochondrial population, determined by direct counting, was estimated to be about 3.7 X 10(11) mitochondria per g wet weight in young hypothyroid male rats (T) and about 2.4 X 10(11) (65%) in euthyroid animals, sex- and age-matched. Triiodothyronine (T3) treatment of T animals restored the levels to normal values. The protein content per mitochondrion, on the contrary, was higher in euthyroid animals or hypothyroid animals, following T3 treatment, compared to T. Finally, thyroid hormone enhanced the heart mass and, therefore, the cardiocytal and mitochondrial populations of the whole organ. These results differ from previous data from our laboratory indicating that liver weight is increased by thyroid treatment, albeit at a slower rate, while the number of mitochondria per g tissue increases and the protein content per mitochondrion decreases. In conclusion, the effects of the thyroid hormone on mitochondria are different in the hepatocyte and in the cardiocyte. It appears that the hormone differently modulates the machinery of mitochondrial protein synthesis in the two target cells according to the physiological role of mitochondria in liver and heart cells, i.e. heat production or mechanical energy output, respectively. PMID- 3243964 TI - Postnatal development of the renin-angiotensin system in thyroidectomized rats. AB - Postnatal changes in plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma renin substrate (PRS) and plasma angiotensin II concentration (AII) were studied in young thyroidectomized rats from the 4th to the 10th week of life. Although there were no differences in the PRA pattern between thyroidectomized and euthyroid animals, an increase in PRC from the 6th week of life, together with a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) from the 8th week of life, was observed in young hypothyroid animals. Moreover, in thyroidectomized animals, PRS and AII declined until the 10th week of age, while in euthyroid animals an increase of PRS and AII was observed between the 8th and 10th weeks of life. These results show that the changes in sodium renal handling following thyroidectomy could have an influence on the RAS components. PMID- 3243965 TI - A differential nuclear uptake and retention of 3H-androgens in the thyroids of baboons. AB - Women have a greater incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid cancer and radiation-induced carcinogenesis than men. Over the past several years we have examined for the presence of steroid receptors in both humans and non-human primates. In this study we examined the nuclear uptake and retention of 3H testosterone, the main circulating androgen in mammals, in different cells of the thyroid gland of baboons, our non-human primate model. Castrated-adrenalectomized male baboons were injected with 3H-testosterone (1 microgram/kg bw) and killed 1 1/2 h later. The thyroid glands and other tissues were removed and processed for autoradiography. Nuclear localization of 3H-testosterone or one of its metabolites was found in a small fraction of the follicular cells (approximately 10-20%). The discrepancy between these findings and those previously obtained with 3H-dihydrotestosterone (virtually 100% of the follicular cells concentrated the 3H-steroid) are discussed. The results from this study and those of the past strongly support a direct action of androgen on the thyroid. Whether a direct action of androgen on the thyroid is related to smaller incidence in autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid cancer and radiation-induced carcinogenesis in men than women remains an unanswered question at the present time. PMID- 3243966 TI - Possible direct effect of prolactin on catecholamine synthesis and release in rat adrenal medulla: in vitro studies. AB - It has been recently shown that chronic increase in circulating prolactin (PRL) levels can affect the catecholamine (CA) synthesis and release in the adrenal medulla of female and male rats. However, it is not established if this effect is directly exerted on the adrenomedullary cells. To elucidate this question, we have studied the possible capacity of PRL to modify the in vitro synthesis and release of CA in isolated adrenal medullas of female rats. The study has been performed in animals with hyperprolactinemia induced by pituitary grafts (GRAFT) or with low PRL levels induced by ovariectomy (OVX), and in their respective sham operated controls (SHAM), in order to establish if the previous plasma levels of this hormone could modify the effects observed in vitro. Basal release of adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA) and total CA observed during the first h of tissue incubation was similar in the three groups of animals. However, OVX animals exhibited a decreased release of both CA in the second h of incubation. This low CA release was partially reversed after the exposure of the incubated adrenal medullas of these animals to a medium containing PRL, whereas this hormone was ineffective to modify the CA release in SHAM and GRAFT animals. Moreover, PRL caused a significant decrease in the A production by the adrenal medullas of SHAM animals, since the amount of A released plus the amount of A stored after incubation in presence of PRL was significantly decreased. Finally, the exposure of the adrenomedullary cells from GRAFT rats to PRL was followed by an increase in the contents of both NA and A in the tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3243967 TI - Concentration of serum testosterone in XY sex reversed horses. AB - The XY Sex Reversal Syndrome of the horse is a condition associated with female or intersexual development in genetic males. In our previous study, 38 sex reversed XY mares were classified according to behavior, gross clinical phenotype, gonadal status, and H-Y phenotype. Four classes were described, ranging from potentially fertile female (Class I) to virilized intersex (Class IV). In the present study, serum testosterone concentrations were measured in 29 sex-reversed XY mares, 3 normal mares and 3 normal stallions. Serums were obtained during the breeding season (March-August), and were stored at -70 C until assayed. Serum testosterone concentrations in the normal XX mares ranged from nondetectable to 0.41 ng/ml; in normal XY stallions, from 1.04 ng/ml to 2.4 ng/ml; and in XY mares, from nondetectable to 5.4 ng/ml. Sex reversed mares previously assigned to Class I or II had serum testosterone concentrations ranging from nondetectable to 0.22 ng/ml. Serum testosterone concentrations in XY mares were correlated with sex phenotype and behavior. Although the range of steroid concentrations among XY mares may be quantified more accurately with increased sampling, serum testosterone concentrations can be used currently as an added parameter for study of the sex reversed condition. PMID- 3243968 TI - The effect of iodide depletion and supplementation in the Buffalo strain rat. AB - We have investigated the effect of excess iodide alone, following iodide depletion or in conjunction with a mild thyroid insult (trypan blue) in Buffalo strain rats, which are genetically susceptible to experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. In all three cases a high iodine diet led to enhanced thyroglobulin antibody production, usually accompanied by worsening of the severity of thyroiditis. Moreover, the administration of a normal iodine diet after iodide depletion resulted in thyroglobulin antibody formation. These results provide further support for a role for dietary iodine in modulating experimental autoimmune thyroiditis with implications for human thyroid autoimmunity. PMID- 3243969 TI - What can medical sociologists say about clinical outcome measures? PMID- 3243970 TI - Social stratification and health lifestyles in two systems of health care delivery: a comparison of the United States and West Germany. PMID- 3243971 TI - Child care and emotional adjustment to wives' employment. PMID- 3243972 TI - The development of illness orientations in children aged 6 through 12. PMID- 3243973 TI - Do job conditions influence the use of drugs? PMID- 3243974 TI - Lithium-induced structural changes in the cortical distal nephron localized by computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction. AB - Lithium treatment is known to cause tubule dilation in distal nephron segments both in rat and in man. However, due to the heterogeneous cell composition of the distal nephron and the cellular changes following lithium treatment, it has been difficult to identify the structurally changed segments. In this study we have therefore applied computer-assisted reconstruction of cortical distal nephron segments. Tubule dilation was demonstrated in connecting and initial collecting tubules and in the first part of cortical collecting ducts (CCD) whereas it was absent from distal straight and distal convoluted tubules. Principal cells (P cells) in the CCD showed swelling of the cytoplasm, accumulation of actin-like microfilaments, and abnormal arrangements of basolateral membranes. Connecting tubule cells (CNT cells) showed similar but less pronounced changes. Intercalated cells (I cells) showed an accumulation of vesicles in the apical cytoplasm and a reduced luminal surface area. Lesions in P and CNT cells may, at least in part, explain the diabetes insipidus and sodium loss found during lithium treatment. Proton secretion in I cells is probably mediated by an ATPase present in the luminal membrane. The reduction in area of this membrane may explain why lithium treated animals have a lowered ability to excrete an acid load. PMID- 3243975 TI - Inhibitory effect of phenobarbital on peroxisome biogenesis in mouse hepatocytes. AB - Peroxisomes in hepatocytes from mice administered 35, 50, or 100 mg/kg of phenobarbital (PB) were analyzed by quantitative electron microscopy. In perivenular hepatocytes, the volume of peroxisomes per unit cytoplasmic volume decreased to 78 or 57% of that of control animals by administration of 50 or 100 mg/kg. Their average volume also decreased to 78 or 64% of that in control animals in animals injected with 35 or 50 mg/kg. Further, cytochemical catalase activity appeared decreased in peroxisomes of hepatocytes of this zone after administration of 50 or 100 mg/kg. These suggest an inhibitory action of PB administration of biogenesis of peroxisomes in perivenular hepatocytes. In periportal hepatocytes, however, the volume density, average volume, and cytochemical catalase activity of peroxisomes did not change by administration of any doses of PB. Thus, PB administration appears to produce no inhibitory effect on the peroxisome biogenesis in periportal hepatocytes. On the other hand, the number of peroxisomes per unit cytoplasmic volume increased in both periportal and perivenular hepatocytes in animals injected with 50 mg/kg, although it returned to the level of control animals by injection of 100 mg/kg. The inhibitory effect of PB on the peroxisome neogenesis in perivenular hepatocytes may be related to the marked smooth endoplasmic reticulum proliferation by administration of this drug. PMID- 3243976 TI - Serum and salivary CEA and GICA levels in oral cavity tumours. AB - The gastrointestinal cancer-associated antigen (GICA) is recognised by a monoclonal antibody in both serum and tissues of patients with neoplasm of the GI tract. This study compared the serum and saliva values of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and GICA in 19 healthy subjects, 43 patients with benign oral cavity lesions and 26 with histologically confirmed squamous-cell carcinomas. Serum CEA levels were much the same in all three groups, whereas salivary values were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in both patient groups than in the controls. Serum GICA gave the opposite result: lower in carcinoma than in controls (p less than 0.001) and benign lesions (N.S.), while salivary GICA was significantly lower in carcinoma than in both the other two groups (p less than 0.001). The meaning of this difference between the values for the two antigens is discussed. PMID- 3243977 TI - Phosphohexose isomerase and carcinoembryonic antigen in the sera of patients with primary lung cancer. AB - Phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured at the time of diagnosis in 300 patients with lung cancer. Serum levels were high in 75.7% and 53.0% of patients respectively. PHI levels were higher in large cell and small cell carcinomas (p less than 0.001). CEA levels were higher in adenocarcinomas (p less than 0.001). Metastatic carcinomas showed higher levels on PHI and CEA than localized cases. Survival was significantly longer in patients with normal PHI (p less than 0.001) and normal CEA (p less than 0.005) than in cases with elevated markers. The prognostic significance of PHI persisted in the different pathological types and stages, whereas CEA only had prognostic impact in non-small cell cases. Serial PHI determinations were useful for follow up in 82.4% of cases with initial abnormal values and in 55.4% of cases with a normal value. Serial CEA was useful in 41% of cases with initially high value but in less than 15% of those with baseline normal. We conclude that PHI has prognostic significance independently of pathology and stage, whereas CEA was a prognostic indicator only in non-small cell cases; serial PHI determinations were useful more often than CEA for follow-up. PMID- 3243978 TI - Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) modifications in hepatic cirrhosis, aggressive chronic hepatitis, persistent chronic hepatitis, and in minimal pathology. AB - A total of 104 patients with various liver diseases were studied. Hepatic biopsy was performed and the AST, ALT and TPA in serum were measured. Higher levels of TPA, AST and ALT were found in CAH and LC, lower in CPH and MHP. High serum TPA values, usually suggesting the possibility of neoplasm, should be considered with attention. A follow-up with periodic TPA assays (in addition to AST and ALT) is suggested in patients with acute hepatitis, in order to predict further possible complications such as CAH and LC. PMID- 3243979 TI - Short-term effects of i.v. injected murine 99MTc-F(ab')2 fragments of an anti melanoma antibody (HMW-MAA 225.28 S) on haemato-immunological parameters in patients with melanoma. AB - To evaluate alterations induced by injected murine radiolabelled F(ab')2 fragments of the anti HMW-MAA MoAb 225.28S on the principal haemato-immunological parameters, 32 patients with advanced malignant melanoma were studied. No statistically significant change was found after MoAb administration, but monocytes (3 h after injection) and granular eosinophils (24 h after) were reduced and circulating immune complexes increased (3 h after). No toxic effect or adverse reaction was observed. Therefore, the controlled administration of purified MoAb fragments for diagnostic purposes seems to involve only a very low risk of immediate adverse reactions. PMID- 3243980 TI - Tumor antigen NB/70K and CA 125 levels in the blood of preoperative ovarian cancer patients and controls: a preliminary report of the use of the NB12123 and CA 125 radioimmunoassays alone and in combination. AB - The NB12123 and CA125 radioimmunoassays, murine monoclonal antibody assays for measuring circulating levels of human ovarian tumor associated antigens NB/70K and CA 125, respectively, have been previously described. In the present study, preoperative serum samples were obtained from patients undergoing laparotomy for benign neoplastic ovarian tumors (N = 16), cancer of the cervix (N = 22), cancer of the uterus (N = 20), and cancer of the ovary (N = 47). Controls (N = 50) were obtained from healthy blood bank donors. No correlation was observed between the levels of NB/70K and CA 125 in these samples (r2 = .079, linear regression analysis). In general, increasing levels of both antigens were present with increasing tumor burden and higher histological grade. In addition, both markers were most elevated in the serum of ovarian cancer patients with serous and unclassified adenocarcinomas. Using 40 AU and 35 unit cut-offs for the NB/70K and CA 125 assay, respectively, overall specificity for healthy controls and patients with benign diseases approaches 100%. The combined sensitivity of the assays for ovarian cancer patient sera in this study indicates that the assays may be helpful in establishing a pre operative diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Complementarity of the NB/70K and CA 125 assays has been demonstrated, indicating that one or both assays may be used to monitor as many as 85% of ovarian cancer patients. PMID- 3243981 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma antigen for monitoring cervical cancer. AB - The tumour-associated antigen was determined in the plasma of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix by radioimmunoassay. Setting a limit of 2 ng/ml, levels were abnormal in 13.4% of healthy controls, in 14% of patients with carcinoma in situ and in 62% of patients with invasive cervical SCC. The incidence of elevated SCC antigen levels and the absolute antigen plasma concentration were dependent upon the tumour load, increasing significantly with advanced stage disease. Abnormal SCC antigen values in operable cervical cancer declined to normal within one week after radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. In cases of radiotherapy antigen values took 4-6 weeks after the start of treatment to return to normal. The success of both treatment modalities was announced by an early rise in the SCC antigen in the initial phase of therapy, followed by normalisation. After successful primary treatment and a complete remission during further follow-up SCC antigen in plasma was only increased in 3.8% of the cases. Retrospective evaluations in ten patients with progressive disease showed the reappearance of abnormal SCC titers and further increase preceeding the clinically detectable relapse or progression, with a median interval of 8 weeks. The present study indicates that SCC antigen determination is not useful for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer, but it is a potential means for monitoring the efficacy of individual anticancer therapy of SCC of the uterine cervix and for detecting recurrent disease. PMID- 3243982 TI - CA 19-9 assay in patients with extrahepatic cholestatic jaundice. AB - Serum concentrations of the CA 19-9 tumour marker were determined in 35 patients with histologically proven bilio-pancreatic malignancies associated with obstructive jaundice and in 35 patients with benign extrahepatic jaundice due to choledocholithiasis. At a cut-off level of 37 U/ml the sensitivity of this assay was 82.8%, but the specificity was very low (45.7%). Thus CA 19-9 can not be employed to differentiate between malignant and benign extrahepatic jaundice. Serial samples of CA 19-9 were achieved in 7 patients with benign and in 6 patients with malignant biliary obstruction, before and after the disappearance of jaundice. Serum concentrations of this tumour-antigen returned to normal concurrently with the bilirubin values only in patients with benign obstruction, remaining unchanged in all cases of malignancies. The data suggest that patients with extrahepatic jaundice should be evaluated by other examinations or by collecting serial samples for this assay. PMID- 3243983 TI - Polish vascular prostheses. AB - Vascular prostheses have been manufactured in Poland since 1960. Double velour crimped tube and bifurcation prostheses are currently available under the Trade Mark Dallon. The Authors present and discuss 812 grafting procedures for the aorto-iliac occlusive disease with the use of 457 Polish and 355 foreign-made vascular prostheses. Wound infection occurred in 7% of the patients with implanted Polish prostheses and in 6.8% of the patients with implanted foreign made vascular grafts. The acute thrombosis of the operated artery was similarly frequent in case of Polish and foreign-made prostheses implantation, 7% and 6.8% respectively. Haemorrhagic complications were more frequent in patients with implanted Polish prostheses (1.7%) than those with foreign-made vascular grafts (0.8%). Early results of the grafting procedures (6-month follow-up) were nearly the same in both groups and the results reported in the available literature. The Authors conclude that the Polish knitted vascular prostheses have properties similar to the foreign-made ones. PMID- 3243984 TI - Application of transcutaneous oxymetry in vascular surgery. AB - Our study is aimed at the assessment of transcutaneous oxygen pressure tension measurements (tcpo2) application in relation to evaluation of results of vascular operations upon chronic ischaemic limbs and choice of amputation level if necessary. 269 patients were examined. All measurements were performed with the help of Hellige Oxymonitor SM 361 and a Polish one. A Clark-type electrode was attached to the surface of the skin at the dorsum of the foot and 1/3 upper tibia level (10 cm below lower margin of the patella). In several cases 1/3 lower thigh level was examined too. The clinical status of patients appeared to reflect tcpo2 values. Correct process of healing was observed to start from tcpo2 critical value of 40 mmHg. Tcpo2 method seems very useful for assessment of results of blood-flow reconstruction operations and choice of most advisable level for chronic ischaemic limb amputation. PMID- 3243985 TI - Surgical treatment of renal ischemia and renovascular hypertension. AB - The results of treatment in patients with very advanced renovascular hypertension are presented. The patients were divided into two groups. In group one were patients with only one kidney and renovascular hypertension. The risk of operation and special precautions are discussed. Group two included patients with kidney non-function due to renal artery occlusion and severe hypertension. All these patients were candidates for nephrectomy. During the operation in some of them, the technical possibilities for vascular reconstruction were found. Instead of nephrectomy aortorenal bypasses were done. PMID- 3243986 TI - Peripheral arteries of the extremities in acute ischemia. AB - Changes in peripheral arteries of the extremities during acute ischemia were examined in 108 patients with embolism and 18 with arterial injuries. All patients were divided into four degrees of ischemia due to our own original classification. It can be stated that patients with the first degree of ischemia presented patent peripheral arteries. The rest of the patients presented different changes in the peripheral arteries such as thrombus or their patency was failed by the rigidity of the non-striated muscles of the arterial wall or by the pressure of the oedematous muscles. A new factor, decreasing after operation, an inflow of blood to the leg or to the hand, was found. It was an opening of the arteriovenous fistulas at the level of obstruction. The diagnostic value of the different tests for intraoperative assessment of the patency of the peripheral arteries is the discussed, emphasizing the value of the intraoperative arteriography. PMID- 3243987 TI - Multifarious complications after vascular reconstructive surgery. Diagnostic and therapeutic errors. AB - This report is concerned with a short review of 3 reported cases in which rare successive complications occurred in various lapses of time after vascular reconstructive operations. In one, 38 year old man, in a 12 year period after primary endarterectomy of aortic bifurcation and common iliac arteries the following complications occurred consecutively: an aneurysmal formation in the iliac artery with urethero-aneurysmal fistula and severe bleeding from the urinary tract, entero-prosthetic fistula with severe gastro-intestinal bleeding, occlusion of the left iliac artery with severe left leg ischaemia. They were surgically corrected each time with a satisfactory result. In another, a 25 year old man, a traumatic lesion of the iliac artery with false aneurysmal formation took place. After an emergency excision of the aneurysm with graft replacement, early bleeding occurred from the operative wound. It was treated conservatively, which resulted in infection of the graft and crawling sepsis which lasted 6 months. Urethero-prosthetic fistula and occlusion of the femoral artery occurred. It was corrected surgically with a satisfactory result. The last case concerned a 53 year old man with atherosclerotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta, external iliac and femoral arteries. An aorto-bilateral femoral bypass graft was instituted in him. In 10 days, complete gangrene of the sigmoid colon with perforation occurred. Sigmoidectomy with colostomy were performed. After that, further complications developed: (1) massive venous thrombosis of the left leg and (2) progressive left buttock necrosis. The last complication resulted in septicemia and death of this patient after 3 months of treatment. PMID- 3243988 TI - Acute occlusive disease of the brachial artery. AB - Acute occlusive disease of the brachial artery has been increasing in frequency due to the aging of the population and the developing modalities in the treatment of cardiac patients and in the diagnosis of vascular diseases. In this study, we discussed 54 cases of acute occlusion of the brachial artery that we encountered in the 5 year period between 1982 and 1987. We performed embolectomy or thrombectomy in 49 patients and carried out conservative treatment in 5 patients. Amputation and mortality rates were 13% and 5.6% respectively. The disease was observed to be mode common in women and in the winter months. PMID- 3243989 TI - Effect of buflomedil on cell metabolism in ischemic muscle. AB - The effect of Buflomedil on cell metabolism in ischemic muscle was studied in pigs. Six pigs received Buflomedil 6 mg per kg intravenously 30 minutes prior to induction of total leg ischemia, whereas 6 control animals were not premedicated. Arterial and venous blood samples and muscle specimens from the ischemic leg were collected prior to ischemia, after 5 hours of ischemia, and after 10 minutes and 30 minutes of reperfusion of the leg, and analysed for metabolic parameters. Similar decreases in local venous pH and PO2 indicated comparable and severe leg ischemia in both groups. Similar increases in venous and arterial concentrations of potassium and creatine kinase indicated a comparable degree of cell damage in the two groups. The ischemic muscle specimens in the Buflomedil group contained significantly higher phosphocreatine (PC) levels (p less than 0.01) and significantly lower lactate levels (p less than 0.01) than did the control group, whereas ATP levels were comparable in the two groups. We conclude that Buflomedil reduces PC-conversion, glucolytic activity and energy demands of the ischemic cell. PMID- 3243990 TI - [Immunology in internal medicine. 2. Immune complexes and diseases]. PMID- 3243991 TI - [Immunology in internal medicine. 3. Complement and diseases]. PMID- 3243992 TI - [Immunology in internal medicine. 5. Pathogenesis of autoimmunity]. PMID- 3243993 TI - [Immunology in internal medicine. 6. Immunotherapy in internal medicine, focussing on collagen diseases]. PMID- 3243994 TI - [Recent trends in AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3243995 TI - [Recent progress of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. PMID- 3243996 TI - [Cardiac pacing: current topics]. PMID- 3243997 TI - [A case of overlap syndrome with polymyositis and progressive systemic sclerosis associated with acute renal failure due to myoglobinuria]. PMID- 3243998 TI - [Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis (CHP) with muscle involvement and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)]. PMID- 3243999 TI - [A case of insulin resistant diabetes mellitus due to insulin-receptor autoantibodies with Sjogren syndrome]. PMID- 3244000 TI - [A case of minocycline induced pneumonitis]. PMID- 3244001 TI - Collagen induced arthritis. PMID- 3244002 TI - AIDS: an overview of current issues. PMID- 3244003 TI - AIDS dementia complex. PMID- 3244004 TI - AIDS public health law. PMID- 3244005 TI - Constitutional law. Subsistence, equal opportunity, and the individual diagnosed with HIV. PMID- 3244006 TI - AIDS. Employer and employee rights. PMID- 3244007 TI - HIV screening. Scientific, ethical, and legal issues. PMID- 3244008 TI - Safety of the blood supply. Liability for transfusion-associated AIDS. PMID- 3244009 TI - Considerations and potential pitfalls in AIDS lab testing. PMID- 3244010 TI - Physician dispensing of drugs. Usurping the pharmacist's role. PMID- 3244011 TI - Discrimination between cholesterol and sitosterol for absorption in rats. AB - The intestinal absorption of cholesterol and sitosterol was compared in rats. The intragastric administration of a single emulsified lipid meal containing either 50 mg of [4-14C]cholesterol or [4-14C]sitosterol resulted in the lymphatic absorption of 18.2% and 0.42% of each sterol, respectively, in 6 hr. This difference was unaltered when the mucosal sterol load was equalized by reducing the cholesterol to 1 mg in the emulsified lipid meal while maintaining the same sitosterol load or when the physical state in the lumen was equalized by infusion of a micellar solution containing both sterols into bile-diverted intestine. Lymphatic cholesterol was 90% esterified compared to 12% for sitosterol. Both sterols were associated predominantly (greater than 70%) with the chylomicron fraction. Eighty percent of the chylomicron cholesterol was recovered as ester with the core lipids, while 77% of the sitosterol was recovered as free sterol with the chylomicron coat. In mucosal homogenates at 6 hr, sitosterol recovery was one-eleventh that of cholesterol. When [3H]cholesterol (10 mg) and [14C]sitosterol (10 mg) were co-administered in an emulsified intragastric lipid meal, sitosterol associated with the brush border isolated 2 hr later was one fifth that of cholesterol. Similar differences were seen when brush border membranes were incubated in vitro with micellar solutions containing either 50 microM [3H]cholesterol or [14C]sitosterol and the relative uptake of each sterol was unaffected by micellar phospholipid type (egg yolk phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244012 TI - Lipoprotein metabolism in hepatic lipase deficiency: studies on the turnover of apolipoprotein B and on the effect of hepatic lipase on high density lipoprotein. AB - Hepatic lipase deficiency produces significant distortion in the plasma lipoprotein profile. Particles with reduced electrophoretic mobility appear in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) increases markedly in the circulation and plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels fall. At the same time there is a mass redistribution within the high density lipoprotein (HDL) spectrum leading to dominance in the less dense HDL2 subfraction. The present study examines apolipoprotein B turnover in a patient with hepatic lipase deficiency. The metabolism of large and small very low density lipoproteins was determined in four control subjects and compared to the pattern seen in the patient. Absence of the enzyme did not affect the rate at which large very low density lipoproteins were converted to smaller particles within this density interval (i.e., of VLDL). However, subsequent transfer of small very low density lipoproteins to intermediate density particles was retarded by 50%, explaining the abnormal accumulation of VLDL in the patient's plasma. Despite this, intermediate density particles accumulated to a level 2.4 times normal because their subsequent conversion to low density lipoprotein has been almost totally inhibited. Consequently, the plasma concentration of low density lipoprotein was only 10% of normal. On the basis of these observations, hepatic lipase appears to be essential for the conversion of small very low density and intermediate density particles to low density lipoproteins. The pathways of direct plasma catabolism of these species were not affected by the enzyme defect. In vitro studies were performed by adding purified hepatic lipase to the patient's plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244013 TI - Apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphism and its effect on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations. AB - Recently, we determined the apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype distribution in 2,000 randomly selected 35-year-old male individuals by slab gel isoelectric focusing of delipidated plasma samples, followed by immunoblotting using anti apoE antiserum. These blots have been successfully re-used for immunovisualization of apoA-IV isoelectric focusing patterns. In a population sample of 1,393 individuals, four distinct apoA-IV isoforms were detected, encoded by the alleles A-IV*0, A-IV*1, A-IV*2, and A-IV*3 with gene frequencies of 0.002, 0.901, 0.079, and 0.018, respectively. The mean of plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, apoB and E levels did not differ significantly among the different apoA-IV phenotype groups. For these lipoprotein parameters, less than 0.1% of the total phenotypic variance could be accounted for by the APOA-IV gene locus. Our results did not show any effect of apoA-IV polymorphism on plasma apoA-I levels nor could we find any correlation between plasma levels of apoA-I and apoA-IV within the different apoA-IV phenotype groups. The plasma level of apoA-IV in subjects bearing the A-IV*3 allele is significantly lower than in subjects without the A-IV*3 allele (5 mg/dl versus 14 mg/dl). We therefore conclude that, in contrast to the apoE polymorphism, the polymorphism at the APOA-IV locus does not influence any of the levels of the lipoprotein parameters considered except apoA-IV. PMID- 3244014 TI - Peroxisomal chain-shortening of prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - We have recently reported that prostaglandin F2 alpha can be chain-shortened by isolated rat liver peroxisomes. In the present study it is further established by cell fractionation experiments that the enzymes involved in this reaction are localized to peroxisomes. Under the conditions employed, the highest activity was found in the light mitochondrial fraction. Further fractionation of the light mitochondrial fraction by sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed that the prostaglandin oxidation activity comigrated with peroxisomal marker enzymes. Di(2 ethylhexyl)phthalate treatment resulted in a tenfold increased capacity for the conversion of prostaglandin F2 alpha into tetranorprostaglandin F1 alpha. The reaction was not inhibited by KCN. The reaction was further characterized with respect to cofactor requirements. The prostaglandin oxidation was found to be completely dependent on NAD, CoA, ATP, Mg2+ and was stimulated by FAD. Incubation of prostaglandin E2 with peroxisomes resulted in conversion into several products. After alkaline hydrolysis, one of these was identified as tetranorprostaglandin B1. PMID- 3244015 TI - Cloning and mRNA tissue distribution of rabbit cholesteryl ester transfer protein. AB - The amino acid sequence of rabbit cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) has been obtained from cloned cDNA and genomic sequences. The 496 amino acid rabbit CETP has an overall sequence homology of 81% compared to the 476 amino acid human CETP, with two-thirds of the amino acid substitutions being conservative. Like human CETP, rabbit CETP is extremely hydrophobic, which is consistent with its function in the transfer of neutral lipids. The data implies extensive structural similarity between rabbit and human CETP. Rabbit CETP mRNA is estimated to be 2.2 kilobases in size, 300 nucleotides longer than the corresponding human mRNA, and contains the unusual polyadenylation signal sequence AGTAAA. In rabbit, CETP mRNA is found mainly in the liver, with small amounts also present in adrenal glands and kidney. In contrast to human spleen, rabbit spleen does not have detectable amounts of CETP mRNA. Northern blot analysis of liver poly(A)+ RNAs revealed significant amounts of CETP message in human, rhesus, and rabbit, and undetectable levels in pig, mouse, and rat, in agreement with reported plasma levels of transfer activity. PMID- 3244016 TI - Presence of dolichol and its derivatives in human blood. AB - Optimal conditions for the quantitative estimation of dolichol in human plasma were determined. Because of the large amounts of other lipids present in the blood, the extraction procedure, the procedure for hydrolysis, and the HPLC procedure are of decisive importance. Human plasma contains dolichol, dolichyl esters, and dolichyl phosphate at concentrations of 41, 102, and 55 ng/g, respectively. These polyisoprenoid lipids are associated with the high density lipoprotein fraction. The relative amounts and compositions of dolichyl esters in the plasma are similar to those observed in isolated human liver microsomes and Golgi vesicles. Sixty percent of the fatty acids present are saturated and almost no long-chain polyunsaturated components are present. There is no correlation between blood dolichol content and weight, sex, dietary state, or plasma cholesterol level, but there is an inverse relationship to plasma triglyceride content. A linear increase in the total plasma dolichol content with increasing age was found. In a few pathological conditions where the level of blood cholesterol was increased, the total blood dolichol content was not affected. Apparently, dolichol is a stable lipid component of human high density lipoprotein. PMID- 3244017 TI - Genetically determined hypercholesterolemia in a rhesus monkey family due to a deficiency of the LDL receptor. AB - A family of rhesus monkeys comprising a sire, a dam, and four male offspring were fed a cholesterol-free Purina Chow diet for several months. The sire, 431-J, and two of the offspring, B-8204 and B-8806, had persistent plasma cholesterol levels in the range of 100-130 mg/dl, whereas the dam, 766-I, and the two other offspring, B-1000 and B-7643, exhibited a marked hypercholesterolemia in the 250 300 mg/dl range associated with an elevation of plasma LDL and apoB. When fed for 12 weeks a diet containing 12.5% lard and 0.25% cholesterol, sire, dam, B-1000 and B-7643 exhibited a marked hypercholesterolemia (500-800 mg/dl range), whereas B-8204 and B-8806 developed only a modest hypercholesterolemia (200-250 mg/dl). All animals were Lp[a]+. Skin fibroblasts from each animal and from control cells were grown in 10% fetal calf serum, transferred to 10% lipoprotein-deficient serum for 48 hr, and then incubated at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C with 125I labeled Lp[a]-free LDL. The fibroblasts from dam and offspring B-1000 and B-7643 bound and internalized 125I-labeled LDL less efficiently than control cells. Mathematical analyses of the 4 degrees C binding data indicated that there were no significant differences in LDL binding affinity between test and control cells suggesting that cells from the animals with a spontaneous hypercholesterolemia had a decreased number of LDL receptors. This conclusion was supported by the results of ligand and immunoblot analyses carried out on cell lysates separated by gradient gel electrophoresis. We conclude that a genetically determined LDL receptor deficiency was responsible, in part, for the spontaneous hypercholesterolemia observed in three out of the six family members and that this deficiency accounted for the hyperresponsiveness to a dietary fat and cholesterol challenge by the dam and the two offspring, B-1000 and B-7643. The hyperresponsiveness noted in the sire that had no evidence for LDL-receptor deficiency illustrates that factors other than the LDL receptor were responsible for the hypercholesterolemia attending the fat challenge. PMID- 3244018 TI - A simple method for reconstitution of CHO cell and human fibroblast acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity into liposomes. AB - A new method for reconstituting acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity from either Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) or human fibroblast cell extracts into cholesterol-phosphatidylcholine liposomes is described. The method is rapid (less than 60 min) and easy to perform. The procedure involves solubilizing the cell extracts with deoxycholate followed by dilution into preformed liposomes. Ficoll gradient analysis demonstrated that, after reconstitution, almost all of the detectable ACAT activity co-migrated with the liposomes. Exogenous cholesterol in the liposomes was absolutely necessary for providing ACAT activity, but not for incorporation of the ACAT enzyme into the vesicle bilayer. Human fibroblast cell extracts prepared from cells grown in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum were found to contain a 10-fold higher microsomal ACAT activity compared to extracts from cells grown in 10% delipidated fetal calf serum. In contrast, when the ACAT activity from these extracts was measured using the reconstitution assay, there was no difference in the specific activities. These results support our previous work (Doolittle, G. M., and T. Y. Chang. 1982. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 713: 529-537; and Chang, C. C. Y., et al. 1986. Biochemistry. 25: 1693-1699), and suggest that cholesterol regulates ACAT activity in CHO cells and human fibroblasts by mechanism(s) other than modulation of the amount of enzyme. PMID- 3244019 TI - A rapid and sensitive separation of retinol and retinyl palmitate using a small, disposable bonded-phase column: kinetic applications. AB - A method utilizing small disposable C18 bonded-phase columns has been developed to separate retinol and retinyl palmitate mixtures into their individual components in high yield and purity. Up to ten mixtures can be processed in 1 hr and the columns are reusable after suitable washing. Although the method was developed with standard retinoid mixtures, it was shown that it is also applicable to the assay of the kinetics of both a bile salt-stimulated human milk lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction and acyl transfer reaction. This rapid, accurate, and inexpensive method is complementary to other chromatographic techniques, especially in kinetic investigations, and enables one to detect these fluorescent retinoids in quantities as small as 2 picomoles. --O'Connor, C. J., and B. Yaghi. A rapid and sensitive separation of retinol and retinyl palmitate using a small, disposable bonded-phase column: kinetic applications. PMID- 3244020 TI - Ultrastructural localization of human uterine peroxidase. PMID- 3244021 TI - Three-dimensional ultrastructure of rat acellular glomerulus by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 3244022 TI - Cytoskeletal architecture in the transitional epithelial cells of a rat urinary bladder as demonstrated by detergent perfusion. PMID- 3244023 TI - Continuous observation of frozen biological materials with cryo-scanning electron microscope and freeze-replica by a new cryo-system. PMID- 3244024 TI - Examination of arteries and veins in rat incisor pulp by TEM of freeze-fracture replicas. PMID- 3244025 TI - Complementary observation on fractured intracellular structures, especially the Golgi apparatus, by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 3244026 TI - Three-dimensional architecture of capillaries of the intrinsic tongue muscles: a scanning electron microscopic study. PMID- 3244027 TI - Colloidal gold label observed with a high resolution backscattered electron imaging in mouse lymphocytes. PMID- 3244028 TI - A simple freeze-drying device using t-butyl alcohol for SEM specimens. PMID- 3244029 TI - Adsorption characteristics of activated carbon and XAD4 resin for the removal of hazardous organic solvents. PMID- 3244030 TI - Evaluation of a process gas chromatograph as a continuous emission monitor for benzene and vinyl chloride. PMID- 3244031 TI - Hazardous waste minimization: Part X. The waste minimization assessment: a useful tool for the reduction of industrial hazardous wastes. PMID- 3244032 TI - Spontaneous cerebellar hematoma in childhood. Presentation of a new case. AB - In the present report, a case of spontaneous intracerebellar hematoma affecting a 8-year-old boy is related. This pathology is often associated with rupture of vascular malformations in posterior fossa and normally is quite rare in childhood. Authors support the necessity of surgical approach for favourable prognosis. PMID- 3244033 TI - Solitary osteochondroma of the pedicle of L4 causing root compression. Case report. AB - Osteochondroma is about 50% of benign bone neoplasms and up to 15% of all primary tumours of the skeleton; metaphysis of long bones are more frequently involved with the spine being interested in 2.5-5% of all cases, usually pertaining to multiple osteochondromatosis, in which many areas of the skeleton are affected. A solitary osteochondroma of the right pedicle of L4 causing sciatalgic pain and difficulty warling and treated by surgery is presented. Only two other cases of solitary osteochondroma involving the lumbar spine have been previously reported. PMID- 3244034 TI - Cardiovascular and respiratory complications after elective supratentorial craniotomy. AB - The cardiovascular and respiratory complications and their treatment during the immediate postoperative period in the intensive care unit (ICU) are analyzed in 145 consecutive cases of supratentorial craniotomy. In this series, 87.5% of the patients remained in the unit less than 48 hours. In all, 67 cardiovascular disorders were observed in 49 subjects (33.7%). Supraventricular tachycardia, arterial hypotension and hypertension were, in order of frequency, the most common hemodynamic alterations. Fifty percent of the arterial hypertensions were treated with vasodilators. The etiological cause of hypotension was hypovolemia in 66.6% of the cases. Extubation was not performed in the operating room in 17.93% of the subjects, and seven patients in which it was had to be reintubated. The stay in the ICU was longer for those intubated (3.03 +/- 0.77 days). Mortality was 2.06%. PMID- 3244035 TI - Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma diagnosed by MRI. Case report. AB - The case of a patient with a spinal epidural hematoma diagnosed by MRI is presented. There was no history of major trauma, anticoagulant use or coagulopathy. During the intervention didn't evidence an underlying tumor or vascular malformation. PMID- 3244036 TI - Isolated fracture of occipital condyle. Case report. AB - Fractures of the occipital condyle occur very rarely. Plain cervical spine films are not able to detect them. Tomography and CT scan of atlanto-occipital joint are, in these cases, very important. The Authors report a case of a young girl who had a head trauma associated to a fracture of the right occipital condyle. The value of CT and tomography are emphasized. PMID- 3244037 TI - Intracranial lipomas. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. AB - Fourteen cases of intracranial lipomas are reported and 200 cases from the literature are reviewed. Intracranial lipomas are rare lesions of developmental origin, which mainly occur in the region of the corpus callosum, more rarely in the ambient, interpeduncular, cerebellopontine angle and sylvian cisterns. Although they are usually asymptomatic, they can sometimes show neurological symptoms, mainly epileptic seizures. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging usually lead to the diagnosis, because of the very low-density attenuation values of lipomas on CT scan and the short T1 and T2 on magnetic resonance. A direct surgical approach is only rarely indicated, whereas cases associated to hydrocephalus require a CSF shunt. The anticonvulsivant therapy usually results in remission of the seizures. PMID- 3244038 TI - Hemispheric cavernous angiomas: presumptive preoperative diagnosis. AB - Clinical history, CT scan and angiography may lead to a correct preoperative diagnosis of hemispheric cavernous angiomas. Surgical results and follow-up are favorable; considering the bleeding risk we think the operation to be mandatory. PMID- 3244039 TI - Extradural spinal meningiomas with intrathoracic extension. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of extradural spinal meningiomas with intrathoracic extension are presented. Both cases were operated on previously for spinal epidural meningiomas. The first one showed predominantly intrathoracic growth and the second, dural invasion with protrusion through the root exit. In these cases meningiomas arose from the thoracic root exit. The surgical procedure is discussed. We advise postoperative X-ray therapy in these tumors and a long term follow-up of the patients. PMID- 3244040 TI - Two meningiomas and an astrocytoma of the third ventricle in the same patient. Report of a case with review of the literature. AB - The association in the same patient between two meningiomas and an astrocytoma of the third ventricle is presented. All tumors were removed in two surgical sessions. The unusual occurrence of such associations, except for the so-called phakomatoses, is emphasized. Other similar cases drawn from the literature are tabled. PMID- 3244041 TI - Craniocerebral gunshot wounds in civilians. Report on 40 cases. AB - The Authors report an analysis on 40 cases of craniocerebral gunshot wounds treated in a civil hospital over a 8-year period. The important role of CT for a correct diagnosis and treatment planning is stressed even though patients with a G.C.S. lower than 4 die regardless of their CT findings; subdural and intracerebral hematomas are not a serious complication unless patient's neurological status is poor; timing of surgical treatment plays a major role in order to avoid infection of the wound. PMID- 3244042 TI - Conditions for thiamin assay by cyanogen bromide oxidation. AB - Optimum conditions for the assay of thiamin were studied using a cyanogen bromide (BrCN) oxidation method. The adopted procedure included neither pre-purification of samples through an ion exchanger nor extraction of the thiochrome into an organic solvent. The 0.25 M BrCN (the concentration before the addition of alkali) and the final NaOH concentration of approx. 1% gave the highest yield of thiochrome by a laboratory-prepared BrCN. To obtain the highest intensity of fluorescence, a concentrated BrCN (1.8 M) was introduced in place of the conventional BrCN (0.11 M), obtaining 300% or more intensity of fluorescence. For the oxidation of thiamin diphosphate, 0.15-0.2 M of laboratory-prepared BrCN gave the highest intensity of fluorescence instead of the 0.25 M for free thiamin. For simultaneous oxidation of free thiamin and thiamin diphosphate, therefore, 0.23 0.24 M of laboratory-prepared BrCN was deduced to give the best yield of fluorescence. With a solution of commercially obtained solid CNBr, optimum concentrations for the oxidation of thiamin were about 0.04 M for CNBr and about 0.16% for NaOH. When the sample contained in inhibitor of oxidation, such as ascorbic acid, the percentage of inhibition decreased inversely proportional to the concentration of the sample in a rough approximation. The degree of inhibition was not reduced by the increased amount of BrCN reagent. Thus the possibility was indicated that thiamin in an ascorbic acid-contaminated sample could be determined accurately by extrapolating values for serially diluted samples. PMID- 3244043 TI - Intestinal absorption of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at physiological levels in rats. AB - The intestinal absorption of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) at physiological levels (10(-7) -10(-6) M) was studied in comparison with that of pyridoxal (PL) in rat, using in vitro everted sac and an intestinal preparation that permitted continuous in situ collection of mesenteric venous blood. After PLP administration (10(-6) -10(-3) M) in situ, larger amounts of PLP were found in the mesenteric venous plasma than after PL administration at the same dose. The amount of PLP found in the mesenteric venous plasma was dependent on its dose at lower concentrations up to 10(-4) M but became independent at higher concentrations. After PL administration at various doses, the amount of PL found in the mesenteric venous blood increased linearly with the dose. When various concentrations of PLP were added to the mucosal side, under the in vitro condition with protection from alkaline phosphate hydrolysis, PLP was detected in the serosal side and the extent of PLP transport was dependent on the initial concentration of PLP in the mucosal side. When various concentrations of PL were added to the mucosal side, the extent of PL transport was independent of the initial concentration of PL in the mucosal side. In rat pretreated with actinomycin D, PLP transport in vitro was inhibited but not that of PL. N2 induced anoxia and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate and anion transport inhibitor (4,4' diisothiocyanostilben-2,2'-disulfonic acid disodium salt) showed no effect on PLP transport. These results suggest that PLP can be absorbed in the phosphorylated form and imply the presence of a saturable process for direct absorption of PLP itself and a diffusive process for PL absorption. In addition, the result of the in vivo neonatal experiment suggests that the neonatal intestine also can transport PLP in phosphorylated form. PMID- 3244044 TI - Effects of addition of arginine, cystine, and glycine to the bovine milk simulated amino acid mixture on the level of plasma and liver cholesterol in rats. AB - The effects of the addition of varying levels of arginine (Arg), cystine (Cys), and glycine (Gly) to the bovine milk-simulated amino acid mixture on the levels of plasma and liver cholesterol were investigated in rats. The diets containing a high amount of Cys lowered significantly the level of plasma cholesterol as the amount of Cys in diets increased. The serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level and fecal excretion of acidic steroids were higher in rats fed the Cys diets than in those fed the Arg and Gly diets. No differences, however, was observed in the content of liver cholesterol. Liver triglyceride contents elevated significantly on feeding the Arg and Cys diets. Furthermore, liver phospholipid contents elevated significantly on feeding the Arg diet but lowered on feeding the Cys diet. Therefore, these results indicated that the feeding of a high amount of Cys lowers the plasma cholesterol levels as the result of the enhanced conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. PMID- 3244045 TI - Promoter function of carrageenan on development of colonic tumors induced by 1,2 dimethylhydrazine in rats. AB - In order to understand the function of carrageenan, an indigestible polysaccharide, as a promoter of colonic tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), molecular weight distribution of fecal carrageenan and amounts of fecal bile acids in rats given carrageenan and DMH treatment were examined. Gel filtration pattern on Sephacryl S-300 of fecal carrageenan was very similar to that of feeding carrageenan, and carrageenan ingested was quantitatively excreted in feces. Hexafluoroisopropyl ester-trifluoroacetyl derivatives of fecal bile acids were analyzed by gas chromatography on QF-1. Although there was a decreased concentration of deoxycholic acid and total bile acids in carrageenan-fed rats compared to control rats, no difference in the daily output was found because carrageenan ingestion increases fecal output. Significant increased concentration and daily output of lithocholic acid, a tumor-promoter, by feeding carrageenan were found. Thus, it was suggested that the promoting effect of carrageenan on colon tumorigenesis by DMH may be mediated by increased excretion of lithocholic acid and may not participate in degradation of carrageenan ingested. PMID- 3244046 TI - Effects of capsaicin and isothiocyanate on thermogenesis of interscapular brown adipose tissue in rats. AB - To clarify whether capsaicin or isothiocyanate, which are found in common spices, activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) function, BAT temperature, mitochondrial guanosine diphosphate (GDP) binding (a thermogenic indicator), and mitochondrial oxygen consumption were measured in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) of rats. Intramuscular injection of capsaicin (0.7 mg/kg) or isothiocyanate (3.0 mg/kg) increased significantly IBAT temperature without affecting the rectal temperature, a possible side effect, and increased significantly GDP binding and mitochondrial oxygen consumption in IBAT, as did administration of ephedrine (0.375 mg/kg). Therefore, the administration of capsaicin or isothiocyanate activates BAT function in rats. PMID- 3244047 TI - Effects of copper administration on fetal and neonatal mice. AB - The effects of copper administration to neonatal male mice on the copper concentrations and activities of copper-containing enzymes in cerebrum, liver, and kidney were studied. Intraperitoneal copper injections at 7 and 10 days of age increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and cytochrome oxidase in cerebrum and liver, and also increased the copper concentrations in cerebrum, liver, and kidney at 13 days of age. Maternal copper administration during the late-gestational period (from 13 days gestation to delivery) decreased the activities of both enzymes and increased the copper concentration in cerebrum. This increased level of copper remained by 13 days of age after birth. Liver showed similar changes to those in cerebrum, but the renal responses were less remarkable. Maternal copper administration from the late-gestational through lactational periods affected neonatal growth, decreased the activity of cytochrome oxidase, and increased the copper concentrations in all tissues examined. It is known that the copper concentration and copper-containing enzyme activity are low in cerebrum of mottled mice as well as of patients with Menkes' disease. These results suggested that the cytochrome oxidase activity in cerebrum was decreased by not only copper deficiency but also excess. The combination of prenatal copper supplementation by means of maternal copper administration during the late-gestational period and intraperitoneal copper injections after birth, while being careful not to overdose, is expected to be efficient for the copper supplementation to mottled mice. PMID- 3244048 TI - Assay of rat plasma pyruvate kinase activity with luciferin-luciferase. AB - An assay method for pyruvate kinase in rat plasma is described. Plasma samples were incubated with ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate in Tris buffer solution. The ATP produced by pyruvate kinase was measured by photocounting after the addition of a commercially available luciferin-luciferase preparation. Interference by ATP or adenylate kinase originally present in the sample was removed by a high degree of dilution. The assay is sensitive, reproducible, and rapid, especially when used for large numbers of samples. By this method, pyruvate kinase activity in normal rats was determined to be 0.51 +/- 0.05 (n = 6) U/ml plasma. In rats fed a vitamin E-deficient basal diet for 7, 10, or 14 weeks, pyruvate kinase activities were 0.70 +/- 0.11, 1.64 +/- 0.51, and 4.28 +/- 0.85 (n = 6) U/ml plasma, respectively. This method appears to be useful for the determination of pyruvate kinase activity in nutritional or pharmacological studies. PMID- 3244049 TI - Morphological evaluation of the atherogenicity of corn oil, hydrogenated corn oil, and butter fat in quail. AB - The atherogenicity of corn oil, hydrogenated corn oil, and butter fat was studied using 57 fourty-day-old male Japanese quails. The animals were fed one of the following diets: basal diet, basal diet with corn oil plus cholesterol, basal diet with hydrogenated corn oil plus cholesterol, or basal diet with butter fat plus cholesterol. Each atherogenic diet contained 15% fat and 2% cholesterol. Marked hypercholesterolemia developed in all fat-fed groups after 3 weeks or 3 months, but no significant difference was seen among the groups. The degree of the luminal narrowing of the ascending aorta and brachiocephalic arteries was highest in the corn oil group and lowest in the hydrogenated fat group. Ultrastructurally, all the fat-fed groups showed similar cellular changes in their aortic lesions. The major cell type of the thickened intima was fibroblast like cells with or without lipid droplets. Immunohistochemical studies disclosed that alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was strongly positive for fibroblast-like cells in the thickened intima, whereas it was negative for those in the tunica media of the ascending aorta and its branches. These data suggest that hydrogenated corn oil has a less potent stimulating effect on the thickening of the arterial intima than corn oil and butter fat. PMID- 3244050 TI - Alpha-tocopherol and fatty acid levels in red blood cells in patients treated with antiepileptic drugs. AB - Red blood cell (RBC) alpha-tocopherol and fatty acid levels in children undergoing long-term antiepileptic therapy were examined. Antiepileptic drugs included diphenylhydantoin (PHT), valproic acid (VPA), phenobarbital (PB), and carbamazepine (CBZ). RBC alpha-tocopherol levels were low in patients receiving multi-drug combination therapy, as compared with children receiving no treatment (controls), but plasma alpha-tocopherol levels were the same in both groups. With respect to fatty acid composition in RBCs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level was decreased in children receiving antiepileptic therapy, while no changes were documented in the other fatty acids. PMID- 3244051 TI - Hexacosanoate contents in Japanese common foods. AB - Recently, a diet enriched in oleate and moderately restricted in hexacosanoate (C26:0) was found effective to reduce the plasma very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) levels in patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), an X-linked disorder characterized by demyelination of the adrenal cortex and cerebral white matter, and accumulation of saturated VLCFA, particularly C26:0, in tissues of the demyelination. The information about the C26:0 content in Japanese food was, however, almost nil except for one report about foods in the USA, but this did not include some Japanese common foods. With the hope of treating an ALD patient in our hospital, C26:0 contents in Japanese common foods (42 items) were measured. In our case, a one-hour direct transesterification method was used to obtain methylesters of total fatty acids in foods and they were applied directly to a selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the quantitative C26:0 analysis. The C26:0 content in nuts and seeds as well as in fats and oils was found to be significantly higher than in other foods; the content was highest in peanuts. The content in almost all kinds of examined fishes, the common protein foods in Japan, was relatively low. From these data and that in the national nutrition survey in 1986, the daily intake of C26:0 from the average Japanese diet could be estimated to be 12-36 mg. It can be recommended, therefore, that nuts and seeds as well as fats and oils should be restricted as severely as possible from the diet of ALD patients in Japan in order to keep daily C26:0 intake below 10 mg as recommended in the USA. PMID- 3244052 TI - A novel rhodopsin analog with bicyclic retinal involving the 8-18 bonded structure in the chromophore. PMID- 3244053 TI - The corrosion resistance of a new cobalt-chromium-molybdenum-ceramic alloy. AB - Cobalt-chromium alloys are extensively used for removable partial dentures and implants. Recently, this type of alloy has been introduced for porcelain-fused-to metal crown and bridgework. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the corrosion behaviour of such a ceramic alloy (Vicomp) and compare it to a cobalt-chromium alloy for removable partial dentures (Vitallium). A 0.9% saline solution and an artificial saliva were used as electrolytes. Results indicate a similar, adequate, corrosion resistance. PMID- 3244054 TI - Composite laminate veneers: a clinical study. AB - A 2-year clinical trial of a composite laminate veneer system for masking discoloration or hypoplasia on the anterior teeth of patients has been undertaken. Three hundred and twenty restorations were placed in seventy-nine patients, of these 273 restorations in sixty-eight patients have been followed over a 2-year period. The technique produced an acceptable improvement in the aesthetics of the patients in the trial. However, the veneers were susceptible to chipping (52% of lateral incisor veneers and 79% of central incisor and canine veneers showed some evidence of material loss after 2 years) and marginal staining (75% of veneers showed some evidence of marginal staining after 2 years) during function. The veneer restorations had a deleterious affect upon the gingival health of the teeth on which they were placed. PMID- 3244055 TI - The Orthopantomogram, an aid in diagnosis of temporomandibular joint problems. II. The vertical symmetry. AB - Vertical measurements of the Orthopantomograms of 152 patients were made for condylar and rami heights. The symmetry between the right (R) and the left (L) side was calculated with the formula: [(R-L)/(R + L)]. A statistically significant difference between the patients of a routine dental group and the patients treated for craniomandibular disorders was found regarding condylar height symmetry. PMID- 3244056 TI - The position of the occlusal plane in dentulous subjects with various skeletal jaw-relationships. AB - This study was conducted to examine the level and inclination of the occlusal plane in dentulous subjects with various skeletal jaw-relationships with the purpose of finding more reliable guides for locating the occlusal plane in edentulous patients. The investigation was carried out on 140 lateral cephalometric radiographs of young people with natural teeth in the intercuspal position. The sample was divided into three groups according to the skeletal relation of the jaws. The occlusal plane in this study and the two reference planes (maxillary and mandibular plane) were established according to the cephalometric criteria of Schwarz. On each radiograph both the angulation and the perpendicular distance of the occlusal plane to the reference planes were recorded and the values of the obtained data were subject to statistical analysis. The selected mean values of the angles and linear distances between the occlusal plane and reference planes calculated on the probability level of 95% could be used as cephalometric indicators for the locating or correcting the position of the occlusal plane in the prosthetic treatment of edentulous patients. PMID- 3244057 TI - Condition of prosthetic constructions and subjective needs for replacing missing teeth in a Finnish adult population. AB - Prosthetic treatment needs were studied in a sample of 1600 adults distributed equally into cohorts aged 25, 35, 50 and 65 years. A total of 1275 subjects (80%) were clinically examined with respect to the condition and age of existing prosthetic constructions, subjective needs for replacing missing teeth and the frequency of oral mucosal lesions associated with the wearing of dentures. Approximately half of the removable dentures (56%) were objectively non acceptable and one-third (36%) subjectively so. One in four of those subjects with missing anterior teeth and premolars, or with 0-2 remaining mandibular molars and one in five of those with 0-2 remaining maxillary molars expressed a need to have one or more of the missing teeth replaced. The replacement needs were slightly greater for missing anterior teeth and premolars than for molars. Subjective needs for replacing missing teeth were greatest at the age of 50 years. The condition of removable dentures according to objective assessment was poorest among those aged 65 years. A high frequency of mucosal lesions associated with old and non-acceptable removable dentures was observed. PMID- 3244058 TI - Can alcoholism and other drug addiction problems be treated away or is the current treatment binge doing more harm than good? PMID- 3244059 TI - Day-care treatment for youth multiple drug abuse: a six-year follow-up study. PMID- 3244060 TI - Money for methadone. II: Unintended consequences of limited-duration methadone maintenance. PMID- 3244061 TI - Classroom-oriented, primary prevention programming for drug abuse. PMID- 3244062 TI - The psychotropic effect of ketamine. PMID- 3244063 TI - Heroin sniffers: between two worlds. PMID- 3244064 TI - Signs and symptoms assessment: a guide for the treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. AB - A technique for evaluating signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal that provides an accurate guide to benzodiazepine dosage is presented. In addition to achieving homeostasis, the total benzodiazepine dosage is greatly reduced. Adjunctive therapies for seizure prophylaxis and hypertension as well as substitution of other benzodiazepines for diazepam are discussed. PMID- 3244065 TI - COPYIR--the Ocean City experience. PMID- 3244066 TI - Nitrous oxide mood disorder. PMID- 3244067 TI - A private inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the 1972 death of John Gomilla, Jr., who died after allegedly consuming ten hallucinogenic mushrooms while residing in Hawaii. AB - In December 1972, an 18-year-old male apparently took an accidental overdose of heroin. After becoming ill, he attempted to receive treatment for his condition by being admitted to the emergency room of Wahiawa General Hospital. When confronted by attending physicians in the emergency room as to the nature of his illness, the youth stated that he had only eaten 10 hallucinogenic mushrooms (an average dose for Copelandia cyanescens, the mushroom in question) and nothing else. This story was most likely concocted either by the youth himself or by some of his friends, who probably thought that they could or would be prosecuted for the use of an illegal substance. It is not uncommon that when confronted by an overdose of drugs, many young people are afraid to report their illness to the proper medical authorities out of fear of prosecution due to their illegal activities (Young et al. 1982). The doctors who attempted to treat this young man should not be held liable for his death, even though their treatment of the patient was more supportive (i.e., the talk-down method) than pharmacological. They had no way of knowing that the patient had lied to them about his condition. While it is true that several doctors had diagnosed Gomilla as possibly suffering from muscarine poisoning, why was no atropine or scopolamine administered to the patient? And why was his stomach not pumped and specimens collected for a toxicologist to study for the presence of toxins?(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244068 TI - Drug enforcement policy as a factor in trends of trafficking and use of different substances. PMID- 3244069 TI - Electric field distributions of waveguide arrays for local tumor hyperthermia. AB - Total electric field distributions in muscle and fat tissues, due to colinear rectangular waveguide arrays at 2.45 GHz and 915 MHz were calculated. The effect of phase difference between incident phases on the field pattern is shown. Phase adjustment is capable of furnishing control of either field-size or focused-field performance of the multi-element, direct-contact applicator. The tissue applicator junction is analyzed by means of the Generalized Scattering Matrix (GSM) of the generalized 2-port discontinuity, assuming that the lossy homogeneous tissue is immersed in a large waveguide. This method provides an exact calculation of multimodal fields, as well as reflection and coupling coefficients in the apertures. PMID- 3244070 TI - Solubilized xenon 133 lung scintigraphy. AB - Lung scanning using solubilized xenon 133 can provide important information concerning both pulmonary perfusion and ventilation. This technique proved valuable in establishing the diagnosis of congenital lobar emphysema in a 7-month old baby. PMID- 3244071 TI - Successful resolution of unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema in a premature infant by selective bronchial balloon catheterization. AB - Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a common complication in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. The development of pulmonary interstitial emphysema leads to marked respiratory embarrassment in an already compromised infant. Although usually bilateral, PIE may be unilateral. Various forms of treatment for unilateral PIE in the premature infant have been described, including selective bronchial intubation, unilateral pneumonectomy, visceral pleurotomy, pure oxygen administration, and high-frequency low-pressure ventilation. A recently reported conservative regimen consisting of downward lateral positioning of the affected lung for several days may not be successful. We describe a premature infant with progressive worsening of unilateral PIE, which was successfully treated by selective bronchial balloon catheterization after failure of conservative management. In this manner, we avoided selective bronchial intubation or other aggressive forms of treatment. PMID- 3244072 TI - Aberrant arterial supply in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. AB - We report on a newborn girl with cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lungs supplied by an aberrant artery arising from the aorta at the level of the diaphragm. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first case diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound in which an arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) after birth showed the aberrant vessel. PMID- 3244073 TI - Stunned myocardium in an infant treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. AB - This report describes a case of postischemic myocardial dysfunction that was successfully treated with ECMO. PMID- 3244074 TI - Juvenile gigantomastia. AB - Juvenile breast hypertrophy in a 12-year-old girl was treated by bilateral reduction mammoplasty (amputation type) with free transplantation of the areolae and nipples and removal of 8,200 g of breast tissue. Eleven months later, subcutaneous mastectomy with subpectoral tissue expander insertion was performed due to recurrent enlargement of the breasts, with removal of an additional 5,000 g. Three months later, silicone prostheses replaced the tissue expander, with reconstruction of areolae and nipples. One year later, a good result was observed and the breasts have been satisfactorily reconstructed. PMID- 3244075 TI - Inflammatory esophagogastric polyps: resolution following antireflux surgery. AB - Inflammatory gastroesophageal polyps are a rare manifestation of reflux esophagitis. In this report, an inflammatory gastroesophageal polyp resolved following antireflux surgery. The literature of inflammatory polyps is reviewed. PMID- 3244076 TI - Omphalocele with pyloroduodenal obstruction by extrinsic hepatic compression: a case report. AB - The diagnosis of gastroduodenal obstruction by hepatic compression following omphalocele closure must be suspected in the presence of persistent nonbilious vomiting. We feel that computed tomography (CT) is the appropriate imaging method to define the liver abnormality. Nonsurgical management is the best approach with nutritional support maintained by total parenteral nutrition until physiological resolution of the obstruction occurs. PMID- 3244077 TI - Perforation of the jejunum secondary to a duplication cyst lined with ectopic gastric mucosa. AB - We present a case of jejunal duplication with a localized perforation of the adjacent normal intestine into the substance of the liver in a 3-month-old baby. This was successfully treated by resection of the duplication and a short segment of the normal jejunum. The diagnosis was made preoperatively by pertechnetate technetium 99m isotope scanning and a barium meal examination, and we discuss the use of these investigations in children presenting with melena. PMID- 3244078 TI - Use of iohexol in the early determination of gastrointestinal perforation. PMID- 3244079 TI - Congenital arteriovenous fistula of the superior mesenteric vessels. AB - Arteriovenous (AV) fistula of the mesenteric vessel is a rare lesion and is most often iatrogenic or traumatic in origin. An infant boy with congenital superior mesenteric AV fistula is described. The present case is the first reported in a newborn. PMID- 3244080 TI - Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectosigmoid and low anterior resection using the autostapler. AB - Over 200 cases of colonic hemangioma have been reported, with more than 50% occurring in the rectosigmoid. These benign vascular neoplasms usually present in childhood, often with life-threatening hemorrhage. Lack of awareness of the condition continues to lead to errors in diagnosis and management, and may contribute to previously reported mortality rates of 50%. We report a case of diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectosigmoid in a 10-year-old boy and its treatment by low anterior resection using the end-to-end autostapler. PMID- 3244081 TI - Discordant Hirschsprung's disease in monozygotic twins: a clue to pathogenesis? AB - Presented is a case of discordant aganglionosis in monozygous twins that supports the "post migration" destruction mechanism in Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 3244082 TI - A case of malignant melanoma of the transverse mesocolon. AB - A pediatric patient with malignant melanoma of the transverse mesocolon is reported. No cases of malignant melanoma occurring from the mesenterium have been previously reported in the literature. PMID- 3244083 TI - Cecal volvulus in a 2-month-old baby. AB - A case of primary cecal volvulus in a 2-month-old boy is reported. He is probably the youngest patient to be reported with this condition. PMID- 3244084 TI - Massive acquired omental cyst as a complication of ventriculo-peritoneal shunting. AB - A case of massive acquired omental cyst in a 13-year-old girl as a complication of ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunting is reported. This is the first such case to be reported. Most complications of VP shunting involve shunt blockade, infection, or both. The absence of shunt blockade, infection or inflammation, and associated symptoms in this case permitted the acquired omental cyst to reach a massive size before detection; the cyst was managed successfully by simple resection of a large part of its thin wall. PMID- 3244085 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in infectious mononucleosis: a failed attempt at nonoperative therapy. AB - Rupture of the spleen in infectious mononucleosis is a rare but potentially fatal complication. Once injured, the "pathologic" spleen may have limited reparative capabilities. In this situation, operative management seems to be the safer therapeutic approach. PMID- 3244086 TI - Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma: an unusual location. AB - A 14-year-old boy with a retrohepatic para-aortic pheochromocytoma demonstrates the potential difficulties of localization in an unusual extra-adrenal site of pheochromocytoma. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, metaiodobenzylguanidine scanning, and angiography with venous sampling failed to define the true anatomic location of this tumor. Collateral venous drainage produced confusing venous sampling data and represents a potential pitfall in the interpretation of these studies. PMID- 3244087 TI - Ectopic gastric-like duplication of the pancreas. AB - A 4-month-old girl presented with intermittent left upper quadrant abdominal pain and was found to have an ectopic cystic gastric-like duplication attached to the tail of the pancreas. The literature, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed. PMID- 3244088 TI - Duplication of the hepatopancreatic bud presenting as pyloric stenosis. AB - Duplication of systemic organs is not a frequent finding. We report the occurrence of duplication of the hepatopancreatic bud with presence of mature hepatic and pancreatic tissue in a nine-day-old girl who presented with intestinal obstruction mimicking infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. PMID- 3244089 TI - Symptomatic accessory lobe of the liver associated with hyperthyroidism. AB - A case of symptomatic accessory lobe of the liver occurred in a 15-year-old Japanese girl with hyperthyroidism. The patient presented with acute abdominal distress; at operation, a twisted necrotic mass of the accessory lobe of the liver was found. A review of the literature failed to show a previously reported instance in a child. PMID- 3244090 TI - Hepaticoportoappendicostomy. AB - In one case of extrabiliary atresia, reconstruction of the biliary tract was performed by using the appendix. The child, who was 2 years old, is doing well without ascending cholangitis. This operation seems simple and satisfying because it seems to be more anatomic and more physiologic than the standard Kasai operation. Its efficacy in a large number of cases remains to be proven. PMID- 3244091 TI - Neonatal fistula from the appendix to the umbilicus. PMID- 3244092 TI - Unusual presentation of patent vitello intestinal duct with round worms emerging from the umbilicus. AB - Patient vitello intestinal duct (VID) is not an uncommon anomaly in children. It usually presents with fecal discharge from the umbilicus. Round worm infestation is very common in Indian children, but an association of patent VID and ascariasis, presenting as round worms emerging from the umbilicus, is unique and has not been previously reported in the literature. We present such a case in a 2 year-old boy who presented with a history of round worms coming out through the umbilicus. It was provisionally diagnosed to be a case of patent VID, which was proven correct on laparotomy. PMID- 3244093 TI - Pregnancy following repair of vaginal atresia. AB - The abdomino-perineal-vaginal pull-through operation offers the most anatomically correct reconstruction for patients with vaginal atresia. A 14-year-old girl with vaginal atresia and a persistent urogenital sinus underwent genitourinary reconstruction using this technique. Years later, two planned pregnancies were carried to term and completed by elective cesarean delivery. This is the first case that demonstrates normal vaginal function following abdomino-perineal vaginal pull-through. PMID- 3244094 TI - Giant sacrococcygeal teratoma: a method of simple intraoperative control of hemorrhage. AB - A method of emergency hemostasis and continuous intraoperative control of hemorrhage in giant sacrococcygeal teratoma, using an aortic snare, is described. A baby weighing 1,700 g with a 1,300-g sacrococcygeal teratoma was successfully operated using this technique. PMID- 3244095 TI - Congenital cervical neuroblastoma associated with Horner syndrome. AB - A rare case of congenital neuroblastoma of the neck associated with complete Horner syndrome and respiratory distress is described. The case was successfully treated by total excision secondary to chemotherapy. Horner syndrome was of value for early diagnosis of this lesion. PMID- 3244096 TI - Tracheoesophageal injury secondary to disc battery ingestion. AB - With electronic miniaturization, disc batteries have become increasingly popular; hence, they are ingested more frequently by children. Their small size and benign appearance belie their caustic nature. This case report illustrates the principles of management, and is the eighth report of major complications from disc battery impaction in the esophagus. We believe our patient is the youngest child reported, to date, to have suffered this injury. The pathophysiology and surgical management are discussed, and a protocol for the management of suspected disc battery ingestion is presented. PMID- 3244097 TI - Extralobar pulmonary sequestration and mediastinal bronchogenic cyst. AB - A child with coexisting mediastinal bronchogenic cyst and extralobar pulmonary sequestration is presented. Two distinct lesions were suggested by barium esophagram and confirmed by a chest computed tomography scan. The diagnostic and embryologic relationship of the two lesions is discussed. PMID- 3244098 TI - [Galenic and spectral study of sodium sulfathiazole coated with aquateric]. PMID- 3244099 TI - [The effect of two anticonvulsant substances on brain GABA levels. Interaction with isoniazid]. PMID- 3244100 TI - Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some new 2(3H)-benzoxazolone derivatives. PMID- 3244101 TI - Alkaloids of Rauwolfia sellowii from Amazonia. PMID- 3244102 TI - Uptake into mouse brain of four compounds present in the psychoactive beverage kava. AB - A technique using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and deuterated internal standards is described for the quantitation in brain tissue of four constituents of the intoxicating beverage kava. Dihydrokawain, kawain, desmethoxyyangonin, and yangonin were administered ip to mice at a dosage of 100 mg/kg. At specific time intervals (5, 15, 30, and 45 min), the mice were sacrificed and the brain concentrations of these four compounds determined. After 5 min, dihydrokawain and kawain attained maximum concentrations of 64.7 +/- 13.1 and 29.3 +/- 0.8 ng/mg wet brain tissue, respectively, and were rapidly eliminated. In contrast, desmethoxyyangonin and yangonin had poorly defined maxima corresponding to concentrations of 10.4 +/- 1.5 and 1.2 +/- 0.3 ng/mg wet brain tissue, respectively, and these compounds were more slowly eliminated from brain tissue. When crude kava resin was administered ip at a dosage of 120 mg/kg, the concentration in brain of kawain and yangonin markedly increased (2 and 20 times, respectively) relative to the values measured from their individual injection. In contrast, dihydrokawain and desmethoxyyangonin, after the administration of crude resin, remained at the percentage incorporation into brain tissue established for their individual ip injection. PMID- 3244103 TI - Human serum and plasma protein binding of enoximone and its sulfoxide metabolite. AB - Experimental factors and determinants of the protein binding of enoximone (a new cardiotonic agent) were investigated in human serum from healthy, drug-free subjects using a rapid ultrafiltration method; these factors and determinants included nonspecific binding to the apparatus, ultrafiltrate volume, temperature, serum pH, enoximone serum concentration, and enoximone sulfoxide (metabolite) concentration. It was demonstrated from mass balance experiments that nonspecific binding to the apparatus did not occur. Within the range investigated, ultrafiltrate volume did not affect the binding result. However, serum pH and temperature were critical variables. At pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C, enoximone serum binding occurred to the extent of approximately 70%; over the therapeutic serum concentration range, this binding was concentration independent. Experiments with purified albumin solutions indicated that much of the serum binding could be accounted for by albumin. At concentrations exceeding those observed clinically, enoximone sulfoxide did not affect enoximone serum binding. In another experiment, enoximone binding to serum was compared with that from plasma containing either heparin or disodium EDTA. There were essentially no differences. Enoximone sulfoxide serum protein binding was also investigated in serum from healthy, drug-free human subjects; binding occurred to the extent of approximately 5%. PMID- 3244104 TI - Interactions of antiarrhythmics with artificial phospholipid membranes. AB - Binding of antiarrhythmics to phospholipids has been quantified by measuring the drug-induced fluorescence increase in 8-anilino-1-napthalenesulfonate (ANS) treated phosphatidylcholine membranes. The ability of test compounds to increase fluorescence intensity to 50% varies between 1.3 and 88 X 10(-6) M, exhibiting a potency ratio of 1.8 log units. The antiarrythmics tested in this study exhibited a wide spectrum of lipophilicity ranging between sigma f = 6.66 for the most lipophilic compound asocainol, to sigma f = 1.21 for the most hydrophilic compound procainamide. The pKa values ranged from 10.80 for quinacainol to 6.26 for ethmozine. Consequently, the test compounds are 99.9 to 6.8% protonated at physiological pH. Binding of antiarrythmics to phosphatidylcholine membranes appears to be determined mainly by their lipophilicity (r = 0.91), irrespective of the pKa, as demonstrated for ethmozine and lidocaine which showed an excellent fit to the regression line. Binding of a variety of antiarrhythmics (n = 8) to phosphatidylcholine appeared to correlate significantly with the mean daily dosage for these drugs (r = 0.97). PMID- 3244105 TI - Equilibrium uptake of D-glucose by osmotically stressed unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. AB - The assumptions inherent in the use of osmotic manipulation to determine the extent of solute binding to brush border membrane vesicles (the ideal osmotic responsiveness of the vesicles and the independence of solute binding from the incubation medium osmotic pressure) were examined in a model system (large unilamellar lipid vesicles). The equilibrium uptake of D-glucose by unilamellar vesicles composed of egg lecithin (PC), phosphatidic acid (PA), and cholesterol (Chol) was measured as a function of the osmotic concentration of the incubation medium. The variation of the encapsulated aqueous volume of PC:PA and PC:PA:Chol vesicles with the osmotic stress was directly determined by a fluorescence self quenching technique. Encapsulated volume changes of both PC:PA and PC:PA:Chol vesicles were found to be resistant to the osmotic stress, exhibiting positive deviations from ideal behavior. Equilibrium uptake experiments with these vesicles showed that glucose was taken up in excess of that amount predicted on the basis of the encapsulated volume when the vesicles were subjected to osmotic stress less than 0.25 osmol/kg. At osmotic stresses greater than 0.75 osmol/kg, equilibrium uptake could be predicted solely on the basis of the encapsulated volume. These results, based on a model vesicle system, strongly suggest that osmotic manipulation may be an inappropriate method to assess the extent of solute binding to natural membrane vesicle preparations, such as brush border membrane vesicles, without more direct evidence. PMID- 3244106 TI - Relative bioavailability of immediate- and sustained-release hydralazine formulations. AB - The in vivo performance of hydralazine sustained-release dosage forms prepared using an ethylcellulose-coated drug:resin complex was studied in healthy males who were determined to be slow acetylators. Two studies were performed. The first study (I) compared four different coating levels (6.8, 8.7, 10, and 12%) with an immediate-release tablet and a solution. The second study (II) compared three additional coating levels (4, 5, and 7.8%) to the 6.8% formulation from the first study. Both hydralazine peak blood concentration (Cmax) and area under the blood concentration-time curves (AUC) decreased as the coating level increased [coating level (Cmax, ng/mL; AUC, ng.h/mL): 4% (37; 58), 5% (31; 55), 6.8% (13; 42 and 14; 39); 7.8% (16; 38), 8.7% (11; 34), 10% (7.8; 21), 12% (8.9; 17)]. In Study I both the solution and the immediate-release tablet were administered in two divided doses at 8 a.m. (fasting) and 2 p.m. (post-prandial). There was evidence for decreased bioavailability of unchanged hydralazine after the 2 p.m. doses as compared with the 8 a.m. doses. On the other hand, an assay that measures primarily the pyruvic acid conjugate of hydralazine yielded much higher concentrations after the afternoon dose. The results of these studies indicate that a sustained-release dosage form of hydralazine can be prepared using an ethyl-cellulose coated drug:resin complex and its in vivo characteristics are related to the coating level. Hydralazine bioavailability is influenced by food or recent prior exposure to hydralazine. PMID- 3244107 TI - Influence of hydration on epidermal tissue. AB - The influence of hydration on the dynamic properties of rat epidermal skin has been determined with the use of solid-state NMR. Samples were prepared with varying degrees of hydration using deuterium oxide and then subjected to CP-MAS (cross-polarization-magic-angle spinning) with a variable contact time. By fitting the carbon magnetization as a function of contact time, estimates of the rates of polarization transfer and decay of magnetization were obtained. Increasing water content up to 50% (w/w) caused a progressive decrease in the apparent rate of proton-carbon transfer of polarization as well as an accelerated decay of the carbonyl magnetization. This may indicate that there is greater mobility of the skin components in the presence of water. The results are suggestive for providing quantitative information for the change in the effective diffusion coefficient of water in skin with increasing hydration. PMID- 3244108 TI - Second-derivative spectrophotometric assay of mixtures of dicloxacillin sodium and ampicillin sodium in pharmaceuticals. AB - 'Zero-crossing' derivative spectrophotometry has been used for determining binary mixtures of dicloxacillin Na and ampicillin Na, which are penicillins with closely overlapping absorption spectra. The procedure is rapid, simple, nondestructive, and does not require solutions of equations. Calibration graphs are linear (r = 0.9999), with a zero intercept for up to 60 micrograms/mL of each antibiotic. Detection limits at the p = 0.05 level of significance were calculated to be 0.29 and 0.31 microgram/mL of dicloxacillin Na and ampicillin Na, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the assay of commercial injections and capsules for these drugs. PMID- 3244109 TI - Physical characterization of two oxyphenbutazone pseudopolymorphs. AB - Two pseudopolymorphic forms of oxyphenbutazone, a benzene solvate (Solvate B) and a cyclohexane solvate (Solvate C), were prepared by recrystallization from benzene and cyclohexane, respectively. The forms were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, infrared spectrophotometry, X-ray powder diffraction, and thermomicroscopy, as well as powder and intrinsic dissolution rates. The dissolution rates of the two pseudopolymorphs were shown to be superior to those of the anhydrate, hemihydrate, and monohydrate which were previously reported. A brief stability report is included. PMID- 3244110 TI - 5-( [aryl or aryloxy (or thio)]methyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-3- (2-thienyl) 2-methylisoxazolidine derivatives as novel antifungal agents. AB - The in vitro antifungal activity of a novel series of cis- and trans-5-([aryl or aryloxy (or thio)]methyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-3- (2-thienyl)-2 methylisoxazolidines (13-24) was evaluated and compared with ketoconazole. The title series of compounds was prepared via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 1-(2-thienyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-methylethanimine N-oxides with appropriate styrenes, allyl phenyl ethers, or allyl phenyl thioether precursors. The resulting products were mixtures of the corresponding cis- and trans diastereomers which were readily separated by flash chromatography on neutral silica gel. The majority of compounds 13-24, when tested in solid agar cultures, exhibited moderate to potent activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Candida albicans at concentrations ranging between less than or equal to 2.0 and 70.0 micrograms/mL. PMID- 3244111 TI - Analysis of consecutive pseudo-first-order reactions. I: An evaluation of available methods to calculate the rate constants from co-product or co-reactant data. AB - Co-product or co-reactant data is commonly used to obtain the hydrolysis rate constants for two-step consecutive pseudo-first-order reactions. Different methods to calculate the rate constants from experimental data were evaluated using data simulated with and without a +/- 2% random error. The results of this analysis indicate that the ability to determine the value and accuracy of the rate constants obtained by the different methods depends on the k2/k1 ratio. In certain ranges of k2/k1 ratios, erroneous results are obtained which have occasionally led to incorrect conclusions by authors in the literature. PMID- 3244112 TI - Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomeric and diastereomeric bases related to chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. AB - The important antimicrobial agents chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol are N acylated amines whose chemical structures include two chiral centers. Each drug is the single enantiomer of R,R configuration. The N-deacylated bases of the drugs are important intermediates in their synthesis and optical resolution. In this report, reversed-phase HPLC methods are described for the separation of enantiomeric and diastereomeric bases of the two drugs and of two closely related bases used in some syntheses of the drugs. The stereoisomeric bases were derivatized with a homochiral isothiocyanate and the resulting diastereomeric thioureas were separated on C18 columns with methanol:water mixtures as mobile phases and detection at 254 nm. The four stereoisomeric bases of chloramphenicol and those of its unnitrated analogue were thus separable after derivatization with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate. This reagent also allowed the separation of the D-threo isomer of the p-mercaptomethyl analogue of thiamphenicol base from its stereoisomers. The stereoisomers of thiamphenicol base were similarly separated with (R)-alpha-methylbenzyl isothiocyanate as the derivatizing agent. The diastereomers of chloramphenicol base and of thiamphenicol base were chromatographically separable after derivatization with the nonchiral reagent benzyl isothiocyanate. The procedures developed may be useful in the determination of the stereoisomeric composition of the drugs in research and in quality control, and may be applicable to other similar agents whose chemistry and pharmacology are receiving considerable attention. PMID- 3244114 TI - [Muscle contraction]. PMID- 3244113 TI - A rapid sample clean-up for determining 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in dextrose: theophylline injection. PMID- 3244115 TI - Substrate specificity of ribosomal protein S6 kinase II from Xenopus eggs. AB - The substrate specificity of ribosomal protein S6 kinase II (S6 K II) from Xenopus eggs was evaluated using several protein substrates and a synthetic peptide corresponding to two phosphorylation sites in ribosomal protein S6. Previous studies had shown that S6 K II is unable to phosphorylate histones, casein, or phosvitin, proteins commonly used as substrates for protein kinases. In the present study S6 K II was found to phosphorylate with a significant stoichiometry rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase, cardiac and skeletal muscle troponin I, and lamin C. In addition, the S6 peptide was phosphorylated by S6 K II to the same extent as observed with the catalytic subunit of cAMP dependent protein kinase. Studies with oocytes undergoing progesterone-induced meiotic maturation and with activated or fertilized eggs revealed identical oscillations in both S6 and lamin C kinase activity. These results indicate that S6 K II does not have an absolute specificity for S6 in vitro. Therefore, since this enzyme is regulated during the cell cycle, it may phosphorylate several other proteins of interest during mitogenic stimulation. PMID- 3244117 TI - Stay away from the recurrent laryngeals! PMID- 3244116 TI - Species specificity of antibodies to regulatory subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. AB - Polyclonal antibodies were generated against regulatory subunits (RI and RII) of type-I and type-II cAMP-dependent protein kinases from rat skeletal muscle. Western immunoblot analyses showed specific cross-reactivity of rat and bovine RI with anti-RI. Similarly, RII from both species was specifically recognized by anti-RII. Quantitative immunoassays, using antisera against proteins from either species, indicated selectivity towards regulatory subunits from the same species. Molecular basis for this selectivity was examined by comparison of peptide maps of 32P-8-azido-cAMP-labelled or autophosphorylated peptides. Detailed analysis of two-dimensional peptide fingerprints demonstrated extensive homology between either RI or RII from the two species. The data suggests that the overall protein chemical and functional determinants characterizing type-I and type-II regulatory subunits of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase from different species are substantially similar. However, minor differences in structure, also predicted by amino-acid sequences for RI and RII obtained by molecular cloning, may account for the distinct immunological properties of the proteins from rat and bovine tissues. PMID- 3244118 TI - Modified thyroidectomy in benign thyroid diseases. PMID- 3244119 TI - Iron deficiency disease. PMID- 3244120 TI - Substernal extension of thyroid swelling. PMID- 3244121 TI - Detection of septicaemia. PMID- 3244122 TI - ELISA-an aid in rapid diagnosis of genito-urinary tract tuberculosis. PMID- 3244123 TI - An infiltrating capillary hemangioma of the nasopharynx causing proptosis (a case report). PMID- 3244124 TI - The tritocerebral commissure 'dwarf' (TCD): a major GABA-immunoreactive descending interneuron in the locust. AB - The minor branch of the tritocerebral commissure of the locust, Locusta migratoria, contains only two axons which are from interneurons in the brain descending to the ventral cord ganglia. The smaller of these two neurons, the tritocerebral commissure dwarf (TCD), is immunoreactive to GABA, suggesting that it may be an inhibitory interneuron. We have exploited the accessibility of its axon in the commissure, first, to fill it with cobalt to define its morphology, and second, to record its input characteristics. It has a cell body and arborization of fine branches in the deutocerebrum of the brain, its axon passes contralateral through the tritocerebral commissure and it forms bilateral arborizations in the suboesophageal and three thoracic ganglia. It receives mechanosensory input from many regions of the ipsilateral body and head, and it is sensitive to illumination levels, generally showing greater spontaneous activity in the dark. It is one of the largest GABA-immunoreactive descending interneurons in the locust, suggesting it plays a prominent role in behaviour. Since it is easily accessible for physiological recording, its roles in circuits for particular components of behaviour should be amenable to investigation. PMID- 3244125 TI - Voltage oscillations and ionic conductances in hair cells isolated from the alligator cochlea. AB - Tall hair cells were isolated by enzymatic and mechanical dissociation from selected regions of the apical half of the alligator (A. mississippiensis) cochlea. Single cells were subjected to voltage-clamp and current-clamp using the tight-seal whole-cell recording technique. Most hair cells isolated from the apex of the cochlea produced slowly regenerative depolarizations or Na action potentials during current injection, whereas hair cells isolated from more basal regions usually produced voltage oscillations (ringing) in response to depolarizing current injection, an indication of electrical resonance. Resonant frequencies ranged from 50 to 157 Hz in different cells. The higher-frequency cells tended to have larger and more rapidly activating outward currents than did the lower-frequency cells. An inward Ca current and an outward Ca-activated K current were present in all hair cells. In addition, an inwardly rectifying current and a small, transient outward current were often seen. Thus, we conclude that an electrical tuning mechanism is present in alligator hair cells. The role of the ionic conductances in shaping hair cell responses to current injection, and the possible contributions of these electrical responses to cochlear function are discussed. PMID- 3244126 TI - Daily hoarding opportunity entrains the pacemaker for hamster activity rhythms. AB - The effects on activity rhythms of a daily 30 min opportunity to leave the home cage and hoard seeds from an open field were assessed in Syrian hamsters housed in continuous dim illumination. Six of ten hamsters responded with clear entrainment of their activity rhythms to the hoarding opportunity, as demonstrated by responses to phase shifts and by the onset phase of subsequent freerunning rhythms. No entrainable component separate from the freerunning rhythm was ever observed. Two hamsters showed phase shifts in response to the hoarding opportunity, but they did not meet the criteria for stable entrainment, and two did not respond with noticeable changes in rhythmicity. Ablations of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) were attempted in three hamsters that had entrained stably to the hoarding time. The effects of partial lesions in two animals indicated that the entrained rhythm was controlled by the light-entrainable pacemaker represented by the SCN. The one animal with an apparently complete lesion, however, developed a clear, but irregular, increase in activity in anticipation of the daily hoarding time. SCN ablation apparently unmasked an oscillator system separate from the SCN and susceptible to entrainment by a nonphotic cue. The oscillator mechanism affected by daily hoarding opportunities in hamsters appears to be tightly coupled to the SCN pacemaker, in contrast to the system in rats that is synchronized by daily feeding schedules. PMID- 3244127 TI - Neuronal pathways for the lingual reflex in the Japanese toad. AB - 1. Anuran tongue is controlled by visual stimuli for releasing the prey-catching behavior ('snapping') and also by the intra-oral stimuli for eliciting the lingual reflex. To elucidate the neural mechanisms controlling tongue movements, we analyzed the neuronal pathways from the glossopharyngeal (IX) afferents to the hypoglossal (XII) tongue-muscle motoneurons. 2. Field potentials were recorded from the bulbar dorsal surface over the fasciculus solitarius (fsol) to the electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral IX nerve. They were composed of three successive negative waves: S1, S2 and N wave. The S1 and S2 waves followed successive stimuli applied at short intervals (10 ms or less), whereas the N wave was strongly suppressed at intervals shorter than 500 ms. Furthermore, the S1 wave had lower threshold than the S2 wave. 3. Orthodromic action potentials were intra-axonally recorded from IX afferent fibers in the fsol to the ipsilateral IX nerve stimuli. Two peaks found in the latency distribution histogram of these action potentials well coincided with the negative peaks of the S1 and the S2 waves of the simultaneously recorded field potentials. Therefore, the S1 and S2 waves should represent the compound action potentials of two groups of the IX afferent fibers with different conduction velocities. 4. Ipsilateral IX nerve stimuli elicited excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the tongue protractor motoneurons (PMNs) and the tongue-retractor motoneurons (RMNs). Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were not observed. 5. The EPSPs recorded in PMNs had mean onset latencies of 6.4 ms measured from the negative peaks of the S1 wave. The EPSPs were facilitated when paired submaximal stimuli were applied at intervals shorter than 20 ms, but were suppressed at intervals longer than 30 ms. Furthermore, the EPSPs were spatially facilitated when peripherally split two bundles of the IX nerve were simultaneously stimulated. 6. On the other hand, the EPSPs recorded in RMNs had shorter onset latencies, averaging 2.5 ms. In 14 of 43 RMNs, early and late EPSP components could be reliably discriminated. The thresholds for the early EPSP components were as low as those for the S1 waves, whereas for the late EPSP components the thresholds were usually higher than those for the S2 waves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3244128 TI - Responses of spiking local interneurones in the locust to proprioceptive signals from the femoral chordotonal organ. AB - The responses of spiking local interneurones of a ventral midline population in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, to controlled movements of a proprioceptor, the femoral chordotonal organ (FCO) in a hindleg, were revealed by intracellular recording. Afferents from the FCO which signal specific features of the movement or angle of the femoro-tibial joint, can make direct excitatory synapses with particular interneurones in this population (Burrows 1987a). Some interneurones in this population are excited only by flexion, some only by extension, but others by both flexion and extension movements of the femoro-tibial joint. Interneurones excited by one direction of movement may be either unaffected, or inhibited by the opposite movement. The balance between excitation and inhibition is determined by the range over which the movement occurs, and can increase the accuracy of a representation of a movement. The response of some interneurones has tonic components, so that the angle of the joint over a certain range is represented in the frequency of their spikes. Different interneurones respond within different ranges of femoro-tibial angles so that information about the position of the joint is fractionated amongst several members of the population. These interneurones respond to repetitive movements, similar to those used by the locust during walking, with bursts of spikes whose number and frequency are determined by the repetition rate and amplitude of the movement. A brief movement of the FCO may induce effects which persist for many seconds and outlast the changed pattern of afferent spikes. The sign of such an effect depends upon the preceding history of stimulation. Other interneurones respond only to movement so that their response is more phasic. The velocities to which they respond fall within the range of those generated by twitches of the flexor and extensor tibiae muscles and the movements of the tibia during locomotion. Some interneurones respond only to a specific range of velocities because they are inhibited by all other movements. Some interneurones respond to repetitive movements with reliable bursts of spikes, whilst in others the frequency of spikes may be raised but may contain no cyclical information.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3244129 TI - Morphology and physiological properties of interneurons in the olfactory midbrain of the crayfish. AB - 1. Intracellular recording and staining was used to characterize neurons in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) brain that respond to chemical stimuli applied to the major olfactory organs, the antennules. 2. Two distinct morphological types of neurons that have major projections in the olfactory lobes (OLs) of the brain were characterized anatomically (Figs. 1, 2, 3; Table 2) and physiologically (Figs. 4, 5, 6; Table 3). 3. Different individual neurons of one type, with similar 'tree-like' projections in the OLs, have somata distributed in at least 5 different cell body clusters of the brain (Fig. 3) and link different subsets of neuropilar lobes through their distributed arbors (Fig. 1, Table 2). 4. Excitatory, inhibitory and mixed responses were recorded in different neurons when odorant mixtures or individual components of these mixtures were applied to the antennules. Response spectra to individual components were broad and overlapping, but not identical in the neurons tested (Fig. 4; Table 3). Mixture interactions appear to be additive in most of the neurons that we tested, but evidence was obtained for mixture suppression in several cases (Fig. 6). 5. Most of the neurons recorded in this study responded only to stimulation of the ipsilateral antennule (Fig. 5), although subthreshold activity to stimuli applied contralaterally was recorded in several neurons that were strongly excited by ipsilateral stimuli. 6. Chemoresponsive neurons without projections in OL's that have all of their branches confined to the brain, or that project an axon in the circumesophageal connective, are described (Fig. 7). PMID- 3244130 TI - Kinematic and aerodynamic aspects of ultrasound-induced negative phonotaxis inflying Australian field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus). AB - Negative phonotaxis is elicited in flying Australian field crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus, by ultrasonic stimuli. Using upright tethered flying crickets, we quantitatively examined several kinematic and aerodynamic factors which accompany ultrasound-induced negative phonotactic behavior. These factors included three kinematic effects (hindwing wingbeat frequency, hindwing elevation and depression, and forewing tilt) and two aerodynamic effects (pitch and roll). 1. Within two cycles following a 20 dB suprathreshold ultrasonic stimulus, the hindwing wingbeat frequency increases by 3-4 Hz and outlasts the duration of the stimulus. Moreover, the relationship between the maximum increase in wingbeat frequency and stimulus intensity is a two-stage response. At lower suprathreshold intensities the maximum wingbeat frequency increases by approximately 1 Hz; but, at higher intensities, the maximum increase is 3-4 Hz. 2. The maximum hindwing elevation angle increases on the side ipsilateral to the stimulus, while there was no change in upstroke elevation on the side contralateral to the stimulus. 3. An ultrasonic stimulus affects forewing tilt such that the forewings bank into the turn. The forewing ipsilateral to the stimulus tilts upward while the contralateral forewing tilts downward. Both the ipsilateral and contralateral forewing tilt change linearly with stimulus intensity. 4. Flying crickets pitch downward when presented with a laterally located ultrasonic stimulus. Amputation experiments indicate that both the fore and hindwings contribute to changes in pitch but the pitch response in an intact cricket exceeds the simple addition of fore and hindwing contributions. With the speaker placed above or below the flying cricket, the change is downward or upward, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244131 TI - Information processing at a central synapse suggests a noise filter in the auditory pathway of the noctuid moth. AB - 1. The central projections of the A1 afferent were confirmed via intracellular recording and staining with Lucifer Yellow in the pterothoracic ganglion of the noctuid moths, Agrotis infusa and Apamea amputatrix (Fig. 1). Simultaneous recordings of the A1 afferent in the tympanal nerve (extracellularly) and in the pterothoracic ganglion (intracellularly) confirm the identity of the stained receptor as being the A1 cell. 2. The major postsynaptic arborizations of interneurone 501 in the pterothoracic ganglion were also demonstrated via intracellular recording and staining (Fig. 2). Simultaneous recordings of the A1 afferent (extracellularly) and neurone 501 (intracellularly) revealed that each A1 spike evokes a constant short latency EPSP in the interneurone (Fig. 2Bi). Neurone 501 receives only monaural input from the A1 afferent on its soma side as demonstrated by electrical stimulation of each afferent nerve (Fig. 2Bii). EPSPs evoked in neurone 501 by high frequency (100 Hz) electrical stimulation of the afferent nerve did not decrement (Fig. 2Biii). These data are consistent with a monosynaptic input to neurone 501 from the A1 afferent. 3. The response of neurone 501 to a sound stimulus presented at an intensity near the upper limit of its linear response range (30 ms, 16 kHz, 80 dB SPL) was a plateau-like depolarization, with tonic spiking activity which continued beyond the end of the tone. The instantaneous spike frequency of the response was as high as 800 Hz, and was maintained at above 600 Hz for the duration of the tone (Fig. 3). 4. The relationship between the instantaneous spike frequency in the A1 afferent and that recorded simultaneously in neurone 501 is linear over the entire range of A1 spike frequencies evoked by white noise sound stimuli (Fig. 4). Similarly, the relationship between instantaneous spike frequency in the A1 afferent and the mean depolarization evoked in neurone 501 is also linear for all A1 spike frequencies tested (Fig. 5). No summation of EPSPs occurred for A1 spike frequencies below 100 Hz.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244132 TI - Current thoughts on soft tissue repair of compound injuries of the lower limb (excluding the foot). PMID- 3244133 TI - Long-term follow-up of Austin Moore hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures. PMID- 3244134 TI - Effect of Colles' fracture malunion on carpal alignment. PMID- 3244135 TI - Skeletal complications in sickle cell disease in the UK. PMID- 3244136 TI - Blood transfusion requirements in elderly patients with surgically treated fractures of the femoral neck. PMID- 3244137 TI - Conservative management of intestinal obstruction due to Ascaris worms in adult patients: a preliminary report. PMID- 3244138 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the rectum and colon. PMID- 3244139 TI - Achalasia and lymphoma. PMID- 3244140 TI - Bleeding stomal varices treated by sclerotherapy. PMID- 3244141 TI - Healing of a malignant gastric ulcer with cimetidine. PMID- 3244142 TI - Vitrectomy in chronic vitreous haemorrhage from branch retinal vein occlusion. PMID- 3244143 TI - Adenocarcinoma in the free wall of a simple renal cyst. PMID- 3244145 TI - Higher intercollegiate examinations in surgical specialties. PMID- 3244144 TI - Prosthetic graft infection after aortofemoral grafting for peripheral limb ischaemia. PMID- 3244146 TI - Diabetic hypertension--the importance of fibrinogen and blood viscosity. AB - Fibrinogen and blood viscosity were measured in 72 stable non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects, 31 without hypertension, and 41 who had treated hypertension. The hypertensive group had higher plasma fibrinogen levels and blood viscosity. As both these rheological variables have been associated with micro- and macro vascular disease, these findings may provide a possible explanation for the mechanism of the increased vascular disease seen in hypertensive compared with normotensive diabetic subjects. PMID- 3244147 TI - Supra-normal creatinine clearance in black mild hypertensive patients in Nigeria. AB - Glomerular filtration rates, as assessed by creatinine clearances were studied in 35 mild hypertensive, 104 moderate hypertensive and 167 severe hypertensive patients. The ages ranged from 16 to 65 years and the duration of hypertension varied between 0.5 and five years. The cause of hypertension was presumed idiopathic in all but 13 severe hypertensives in whom renal biopsies were performed. The mean creatinine clearances in mild, moderate and severe hypertensives were 154.5 +/- 15.0, 83.0 +/- 26.0, 15.0 +/- 14.0 (male) and 147.0 +/- 20.0, 78.0 +/- 15.0 and 14.3 +/- 13.0 (female) respectively. A creatinine clearance of greater than 125 ml per minute was recorded in all patients with mild hypertension. This finding might be a feature of early structural and functional renal damage in mild hypertension. PMID- 3244148 TI - Alcohol and blood pressure in middle-aged British men. AB - The relationships between alcohol intake and blood pressure have been examined in 7,735 middle-aged men drawn at random from general practices in 24 British towns. Both mean systolic and diastolic BP are increased in moderate (16-42 drinks/week) and heavy (greater than 42 drinks/week) drinkers. The alcohol-blood pressure relationship is independent of age, body mass index and social class despite their associations with both alcohol intake and BP. The prevalence of hypertension (systolic greater than or equal to 160 mmHg or diastolic greater than or equal to 90 mmHg) is increased in both moderate and heavy drinkers. Non drinkers have higher rates of diastolic hypertension than occasional or light drinkers, probably due to changes in drinking habits made by those diagnosed as hypertensives. Furthermore, recall of doctor diagnosis of hypertension and of anti-hypertensive treatment is highest among non-drinkers. It is estimated that about 10% of hypertension (systolic or diastolic) can be attributed to moderate or heavy drinking. There is a clear need for increased awareness of the alcohol blood pressure relationship. Current drinking status should be determined in all hypertensive subjects, and assessment of alcohol effect by temporary withdrawal should be the first step in the management of anyone with sustained hypertension who drinks. PMID- 3244149 TI - The prognostic significance of blood pressure in the elderly. AB - Whilst recruiting for the Randomised Trial of the Treatment of Hypertension in Elderly Patients in Primary Care, 10,732 people aged 60-79 years of age (4,736 males and 5,996 females) were screened for hypertension. This constituted 78% of those eligible on the practice lists in this age range. These patients were followed up for a mean period of 2.6 years (range 0.1-11.2 years). All those leaving the practices were registered with the National Health Service Central Registry to ensure completeness of death ascertainment. 1,009 deaths were analysed and standardised mortality ratios computed for all deaths, stroke, coronary artery disease and all cardiovascular causes. Hypertensive patients included in the control group of the trial were also matched with patients found to be normotensive and their mortalities compared. Both high and low levels of SBP were associated with increased mortality producing a U-shaped curve for all deaths and J-shaped curves for cardiovascular causes. With increasing age the higher mortality associated with lower SBP became more pronounced. Similar effects were evident for DBP but in women high DBP was less dangerous than in men. Although the relative impact of hypertension declines with advancing age, the absolute impact is maintained up to the age of eighty. PMID- 3244150 TI - High blood pressure in the Western Isles: a comparative study with Dundee. AB - A screening programme for cardiovascular risk factors in men aged 50-59 was undertaken in North Uist, and the results compared with an age- and sex-matched control group from Dundee screened as part of the Scottish Heart Health Study. Blood pressure levels were higher in the Islanders than in controls (148 +/- 20/89 +/- 10 mmHg vs 134 +/- 19/84 +/- 11 mmHg (P less than 0.001). Analysis of standard twelve-lead electrocardiograms revealed a greater prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in the Islanders (51% vs 16%, P less than 0.005), suggesting that the recorded BP differences were real and not artefacts of measurement. The explanation for the higher BP on North Uist is less clear. Environmental factors that might influence BP including body mass index, the amount of exercise taken, alcohol consumption, dietary salt and potassium intake were similar in North Uist and Dundee. By contrast, an analysis of family names in the two centres indicated a greater degree of common ancestry in North Uist (28 surnames/84 islanders v 98 surnames/110 controls, P less than 0.001). These results suggest that known environmental causes of hypertension are not responsible for higher BP amongst men of North Uist, and this with the data on family names raises the possibility that genetic factors are more important. PMID- 3244151 TI - Data communications within a health authority. AB - This paper describes the data communication network installed in four hospitals in the Hammersmith and Queeen Charlotte's Special Health Authority to support several hundred microcomputers, terminals and printers and several host systems, including the integrated computerized hospital information system which is currently under development. Broadband local area network and wide area network technologies have been employed to provide a flexible system, which is capable of being expanded to meet the increasing demand for data communications within the authority. The broadband networks are the first such installations in a health authority in Britain. PMID- 3244152 TI - Developments for recording lumbosacral evoked potentials. AB - Detailed measurement of lumbosacral evoked potentials is usually only feasible using sophisticated, multichannel neurophysiological equipment. This paper describes the recording technique, and the additional equipment developed for use with a high-quality two-channel recording system, the Dantec Neuromatic 2000M, to facilitate the routine measurement of these potentials. The characteristic feature is a microprocessor based control unit, which allows switching of multiple input channels prior to preamplification and detects the electrocardiogram to trigger the stimulus with a variable time delay. PMID- 3244153 TI - Technical note: new connecting devices for potential equalization. AB - Two types of new equipotential connecting devices have been developed for the medical electrical equipment. The features of each type include lower contact resistance, firm connection between socket and pin and a high level of safety. The results of testing a third type of connector (developed earlier) are included. They have individual features which users can select according to their particular purposes of use. The new devices will contribute to improved safety of the medical electrical equipment. PMID- 3244154 TI - Evaluation report: heated humidifiers. PMID- 3244155 TI - Cordless drills. PMID- 3244156 TI - Evidence for high molecular weight Na-Ca exchange in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. AB - Cardiac sarcolemma (SL) vesicles were subjected to irradiation inactivation target sizing analyses and gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to ascertain the weight range of native Na-Ca exchange. Frozen SL vesicle preparations were irradiated by electron bombardment and assayed for Na-Ca exchange activity. When applied to classical target sizing theory, the results yielded a minimum molecular weight (Mr) of approximately 226,000 +/- 20,000 SD (n = 6). SL vesicle proteins were solubilized in 6% sodium cholate in the presence of exogenous phospholipid and fractionated by size on a TSK 30XL HPLC column. Eluted proteins were mixed 1:1 with mobile phase buffer containing 50 mg/ml soybean phospholipid and reconstituted by detergent dilution. The resulting proteoliposomes were assayed for Na-Ca exchange activity. Na-Ca exchange activity eluted in early fractions containing larger proteins as revealed by SDS-PAGE. Recovery of total protein and Na-Ca exchange activity were 91 +/- 7 and 68 +/- 11%, respectively. In the peak fraction, Na-Ca exchange specific activity increased two- to threefold compared to reconstituted controls. Compared to the elution profile of protein standards under identical column conditions, sodium cholate solubilized exchange activity had a minimum Mr of 224,000 Da. Specific 45Ca2+-binding SL proteins with Mr of 234,000, 112,000, and 90,000 Da were detected by autoradiography of proteins transferred electrophoretically to nitrocellulose. These data suggest that native cardiac Na-Ca exchange is approximately 225,000 Da or larger. The exact identification and purification of cardiac Na-Ca exchange protein(s) remains incomplete. PMID- 3244158 TI - Proceedings of the 15th annual meeting of Japanese Society of Toxicological Sciences. Sendai, August 4-5, 1988.Abstracts. PMID- 3244157 TI - Characterization of Na+ transport in normal human fibroblasts and neoplastic H.Ep.2 cells and the role of inhibitin. AB - Na+ transport was characterized in normal human fibroblasts and neoplastic H.Ep.2 cells in order to investigate the role of the endogenous peptidic factor 'inhibitin' that is secreted by a variety of neoplastic cells (including H.Ep.2) and inhibits Na+/Na+ exchange in human erythrocytes. Although active (Na+,K+ ATPase mediated) Na+ fluxes were similar in the two cell types, H.Ep.2 cells maintained higher intracellular Na+ concentration (26 mM) compared to fibroblasts (12 mM). An analysis of passive Na+ fluxes showed a difference in the handling of Na+ via ouabain and bumetanide-insensitive transport between the two cell types: H.Ep.2 cells achieved net Na+ influx via an amiloride-sensitive pathway that was only demonstrated in fibroblasts when 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) was present. Kinetic studies were undertaken to investigate the interaction between Na+ flux via Na+/H+ and Na+/Na+ exchanges. For this purpose, an outwardly directed Na+ gradient was created by loading the cells with Na+ (Nai greater than 100 mM) to activate the reverse functioning of Na+/H+ exchange (i.e., Na+out H+in). The rates of ouabain- and bumetanide-insensitive Na+ efflux were measured over a range of extracellular Na+ concentrations (Na+o 14-140 mM). In the presence of 10% FCS, the two cell types showed different responses: in fibroblasts the Na+ efflux rate showed an inverse correlation with extracellular Na+ concentration, while H.Ep.2 cells significantly increased their rate of Na+ efflux as extracellular Na+ concentration increased. So although the thermodynamic force would direct net Na+ efflux when Na+i greater than Na+o, H.Ep.2 cells were under kinetic control to perform Na+/Na+ exchange. When exogenous inhibitin was tested on fibroblasts, the steady-state intracellular Na+ concentration increased from 14 to 19 mM (p less than 0.01). In Na+-loaded fibroblasts, serum-stimulated Na+ efflux was partially inhibitin sensitive and the maximal inhibitory effect was seen when extracellular Na+ concentration was 14 mM and presumably the Na+/H+ exchanger operating in the reverse mode. This study demonstrated that, in contrast to fibroblasts, H.Ep.2 cells have a modified Na+/H+ exchange system whereby it acts in the Na+in H+out mode without exogenous growth factor activation and resists functioning in the reversed mode. It is proposed that inhibitin is the endogenous modifier of this transport system in H.Ep.2 cells with the result that H.Ep.2 cells maintain a higher concentration of intracellular Na+ compared to fibroblasts. PMID- 3244159 TI - Risk assessment of environmental carcinogens. PMID- 3244160 TI - Ambient air quality standards. AB - Conceptual methods of setting national ambient air quality standards in Japan are discussed in comparison with case of occupational exposure limits in industrial health. The air quality standards are set by the national government, based on recommendations of the Central Council on Countermeasures for Environmental Pollution, in conformity with the Fundamental Act on Countermeasures for Environmental Pollution. In setting the standard values, thresholds and the existence of specific groups in the people with high susceptibility to a certain pollutant are taken into account. The standards are set following minimum effect reports in three branches of health effect studies on air pollution: animal experiments, human exposure, and epidemiology. Safe levels take into account the absence of effects, suspicion of irreversible effects, dwellings of the elderly/infant/sick, epidemiologic growth of nonspecific diseases such as asthma, and so on. Under these conditions, air quality standards become far severer than in the case of industrial health limits. PMID- 3244161 TI - Development of a new type of drug by using cell technology; preparation of human interferon-beta from human diploid fibroblast cultures. AB - Several strains of human fibroblast were identified as good producers of human interferon-beta (HuIFN-beta), among DIP-2 cell was one of the best. We have developed an improved microcarrier culture system for both the mass culture of such cells and the large scale HuIFN-beta production. A routine pilot plant, and successively a large plant, have been accomplished for preparation, purification and preclinical or clinical trials of HuIFN-beta. The purified and lyophilized HuIFN-beta was assayed for its safety for clinical use under the regulation of the National Institute of Health of Japan. Using this HuIFN- preparation, the clinical trials on various viral diseases and malignant tumors were started from the middle of 1979. More recently, the Ministry of Health and Welfare approved this HuIFN-beta as a new drug against melanoma, glioblastoma and chronic active B type hepatitis. PMID- 3244162 TI - A study of the changes in collagen content and type and their relationship to calcium in bone healing. PMID- 3244163 TI - [An evaluation of endodontic therapy cases. Part II. Follow up study]. PMID- 3244164 TI - [Toxic effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki to the immature stage of Aedes aegypti]. PMID- 3244165 TI - Molecular characterization of virulence plasmid in Shigella species. PMID- 3244166 TI - [The automation of radioimmunoassay data processing in the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical College. Part II. Database management system]. PMID- 3244167 TI - [Clinical course of severe cases of adult type atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 3244168 TI - [Trichorrhexis nodosa--scanning electron microscopic study and X-ray microanalysis by Wet-SEM]. PMID- 3244169 TI - [Immunohistological study of the mechanism of cytotoxic effect against cutaneous metastatic malignant melanoma by intralesional injection with anti monosialoganglioside mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb 202)]. PMID- 3244170 TI - The organ distribution of [3H]endotoxin following partial hepatectomy. AB - 3H-labeled endotoxin was intravenously injected into Wistar rats 24 hours following 70% hepatectomy and also into the normal rats. They were sacrificed 12 hours, 24 hours or 5 days after the injection. Microscopical autoradiography was performed on the rats' organs. The distribution of endotoxin in the organs was investigated by quantitatively measuring their radioactivity. Endotoxin was taken up mainly by Kupffer cells of the liver in all the groups. Endotoxin was observed also in macrophages of the spleen and the lung in all the groups. The amount of endotoxin per 1 g organ weight of the hepatectomized rat was significantly smaller in the liver, and significantly larger in the spleen, lung and blood (per 1 ml) than that of the control groups early after hepatectomy. These differences of the organ accumulation of endotoxin between groups diminished 5 days later. Deficient tolerance of the liver to endotoxin at the peak phase of regeneration following partial hepatectomy was suggested. PMID- 3244171 TI - 11-Deoxycorticosterone-induced hypertension, glomerulosclerosis and renal arterial and arteriolar lesions. AB - Glomerulosclerosis and vascular lesions occurring in rats receiving 11 deoxycorticosterone and salt-loading have been studied in order to examine their relationship. The glomerular lesion started as focal segmental sclerosis. The globally sclerosed glomeruli were enlarged in size, demonstrating that these showed no evidence of ischemic atrophy. Advanced glomerulosclerosis occurred independent of preglomerular arteriolar pathologic lesion. No meaningful structural changes were observed in the arterial system. In conclusion, DOC-salt induced glomerulosclerosis started as segmental lesion, occurred independent of structural alterations in the preglomerular arterioles, and took place without evidence of intrarenal arterial stenosis. Further studies are necessary to clarify about the role of hemodynamic stress-related injury to glomerular microcirculatory system as a major cause for DOC-Salt-induced glomerulosclerosis. PMID- 3244172 TI - [Studies on the radiographic morphology and manometric motility of the esophagus in patients with portal hypertension--with special reference to the correlation between the extent of esophageal varices and the impaired esophageal function]. PMID- 3244173 TI - [Relationship between plasma acetaminophen concentrations measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay and gastric emptying time in men]. PMID- 3244174 TI - [Human pepsinogen A genes regulation in various tissues]. PMID- 3244175 TI - [Effect of synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue on gastric emptying of solid meal in man]. PMID- 3244176 TI - [Changes in liver and spleen volume in various types of compensated liver cirrhosis--measurement by computed tomography]. PMID- 3244177 TI - [Study on low serum zinc level in acute liver disease]. PMID- 3244178 TI - [Effects of polyene phosphatidyl choline on hepatocytotoxic activity in cultured supernatant of activated liver adherent cells]. PMID- 3244179 TI - [Clinical evaluation of measurement of plasma antithrombin III, alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and plasminogen in various liver disease]. PMID- 3244180 TI - [Studies of metabolic abnormality of zinc in chronic liver diseases (report-1)- clinical significance]. PMID- 3244181 TI - [Effects of experimental portal arterialization on remnant liver after extended hepatectomy]. PMID- 3244182 TI - [Clinical evaluation of ursodeoxycholic acid. Glucagon tolerance test in patients with chronic liver disease]. PMID- 3244183 TI - [AG1749: a study of its inhibition of gastric pH after morning or evening dosage]. PMID- 3244184 TI - [Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis with respect to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)]. PMID- 3244185 TI - Conformational change of rubella virus spike proteins induced by 2 mercaptoethanol. AB - Hemagglutinating (HA) activity of rubella virus was inactivated with 2 mercaptoethanol (2ME) in a dose-dependent manner. But even low concentrations of 2ME, which had little effect on HA activity by themselves, greatly increased the sensitivity of spike polypeptides to the subsequent trypsin treatment. Increased trypsin sensitivity was shown by an enhanced reduction of HA activity and an enhanced proteolytic removal of both E1 and E2 polypeptides from the surface of the virion. The findings indicate that 2ME causes an extensive disruption in the conformation of spikes composed of E1 and E2 polypeptides. PMID- 3244186 TI - [Induction of a disease resembling lobular glomerulonephritis in man by means of recurrence of unilateral Masugi nephritis in rabbits--a morphopathological study]. PMID- 3244187 TI - [Effects of low calorie regimen in blood pressure of obese hypertensive subjects: relation to sympathetic activity]. PMID- 3244188 TI - [The effects of CaCO3 on renal osteodystrophy--comparison of patients with chronic renal failure in the predialytic stage and patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis]. PMID- 3244189 TI - [Changes in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in glycerol rechallenged acute renal failure rats]. PMID- 3244190 TI - [Studies of collagen metabolism in glomerular basement membrane in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 3244191 TI - [Factors affecting transperitoneal calcium flux in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3244192 TI - [Correlation between B antigen, found only on native C3 (C3 antigen) and C3 hemolytic activity in patients with hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3244193 TI - [Ultrastructural alterations of glomerular anionic sites in IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 3244194 TI - [Effect of a specific antagonist of platelet-activating factor, FR-900452, on proteinuria and urinary thromboxane excretion in aminonucleoside nephrotic rats]. PMID- 3244195 TI - [Lipid metabolism in daunomycin induced nephrotic rats. (Part 4)]. PMID- 3244196 TI - Effects of synthetic omega-conotoxin on the contractile responses of segments of rat ileum, stomach fundus and uterus and guinea pig taenia coli. AB - The effect of synthetic omega-conotoxin (omega-CgTX) on the contractile responses of segments of rat ileum, stomach fundus and uterus and guinea pig taenia coli were investigated. Omega-CgTX (10(-9)-5 x 10(-6) M) did not inhibit the contractile responses of all smooth muscle segments to high KCl and/or ACh. However, unexpectedly, omega-CgTX (3 x 10(-7)-10(-5) M) alone caused dose dependent contraction of segments of the stomach fundus and uterus. These contractile responses to omega-CgTX alone depended upon the presence and/or the influx of extracellular Ca2+; and they were inhibited by calcium antagonists such as diltiazem, nitrendipine and verapamil, with the exception that the segments of stomach fundus was not inhibited by verapamil. With the segments of uterus, but not those of other tissues, omega-CgTX (10(-7)-5 x 10(-6) M) significantly enhanced the contractile responses to various concentrations of ACh and high KCl. With rat ileum and guinea pig taenia coli segments, omega-CgTX (10(-9)-5 x 10(-6) M) did not induce a contractile response or have an enhancing effect. These findings suggest that omega-CgTX may have a calcium agonist-like effect on smooth muscles such as the stomach fundus and uterus of rats. PMID- 3244197 TI - The measurement of platelet aggregation and ATP-release in mice with liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) using a whole blood aggregometer. AB - Time course change in platelet function on liver damaged mice was studied by a whole blood aggregometer. The liver damaged animals were produced by single and multiple injections (p.o.) of 20% CCl4 in olive oil to ddY mice (6 weeks). Platelet aggregation and ATP-release were induced with collagen (final conc. of 2 micrograms/ml), ADP (final conc. of 20 microM) and arachidonic acid (AA: final conc. of 100 microM). After a single injection of CCl4, platelet counts increased at 5 and 12 hr, and then they decreased from 24 to 120 hr. Multiple injections of CCl4 resulted in a significant increase in platelet counts. A single injection of CCl4 suppressed aggregation by collagen at 24 and 48 hr and diminished the rate of ATP-release from 12 to 48 hr. AA-induced platelet aggregation was depressed at 48 hr, and ATP-release was also diminished from 24 to 72 hr after a single injection. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was decreased 24 and 48 hr after a single injection and at 48 hr after multiple injections, while, the rate of ATP release by ADP was significantly increased after single and multiple injections. These changes in platelet functions might be consistent with our original report on the alterations in coagulative and fibrinolytic activities with CCl4-induced liver injury. PMID- 3244198 TI - Frequency- and voltage-dependent depression of maximum upstroke velocity of action potentials by pirmenol in guinea pig ventricular muscles. AB - The frequency-dependency and voltage-dependency of the suppressing effect of pirmenol, a novel antiarrhythmic agent, on the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) of action potentials were examined and compared with those of disopyramide in guinea pig papillary muscles. Pirmenol in concentrations higher than 3 microM decreased Vmax with a slight increase in action potential duration. The reduction of Vmax by pirmenol was enhanced in a frequency-dependent manner over the range of 0.1-2.0 Hz. Pirmenol (30 microM) produced a small resting block (5.5%), whereas disopyramide (100 microM) produced a greater one (25.8%). The onset of frequency-dependent Vmax reduction at 2.0 Hz followed a monoexponential function with a slow rate constant (0.308 +/- 0.055 AP-1). The time constant for the recovery from the frequency-dependent block by pirmenol was also slow (33.5 +/- 5.4 sec), but faster than that of disopyramide (82.5 +/- 12.3 sec). At 1.0 Hz, pirmenol caused a shift (9.5 mV) of the curve relating the resting membrane potential and Vmax along the voltage axis in the hyperpolarizing direction. Thus, pirmenol is a Class Ia drug that has frequency- and voltage-dependent inhibitory actions on Vmax, and its onset and offset kinetics are relatively slow. PMID- 3244199 TI - Functional and histological changes in mesenteric arteries and aortas from monkeys fed a high cholesterol diet. AB - Treatment of Japanese monkeys for 8 months with a high fat, high cholesterol diet produced atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and mesenteric arteries, such as fatty dots, streaks and plaques, intimal thickening with accumulation of spindle shaped cells and macrophages and endothelial cell flattening. Contractile responses of mesenteric arteries from control and atherosclerotic monkeys to electrical stimulation of adrenergic nerves, norepinephrine and angiotensin II did not differ, whereas contractions caused by serotonin in the atherosclerotic monkey arteries were significantly greater. Ketanserin and cinanserin suppressed the serotonin-induced contraction. Relaxations caused by adenosine and K+ (5 mM) were moderately attenuated in atherosclerotic monkey mesenteric arteries, and those by acetylcholine were reduced only slightly or not affected in the arteries or aortas. Relaxations of control and atherosclerotic arteries in response to nitroglycerin, isoproterenol and prostaglandin I2 did not differ. The relaxant response to K+ was reversed to a contraction by ouabain. Acetylcholine-induced relaxations were dependent on the endothelium and suppressed by atropine. Diet induced atherosclerosis appears to potentiate contractions mediated via serotonergic 5-HT2 receptors and to attenuate relaxations possibly caused by activation of the electrogenic Na+ pump in the smooth muscle cell membrane. Endothelium-dependent relaxations via muscarinic receptors would not evidently be affected in mesenteric arteries and aortas from atherosclerotic Japanese monkeys. PMID- 3244200 TI - N-demethylation of methyl and dimethyl derivatives of phenytoin and their anticonvulsant activities in mice. AB - Anticonvulsant activities of 3-methylphenytoin (3-MP) and 1,3-dimethylphenytoin (1,3-DMP) were observed to peak 3 hr after i.p. administration of the drugs dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), while maximal activity was obtained within 15 min with phenytoin. HPLC was employed to monitor the plasma concentrations of all three compounds at various time intervals after injecting 3 MP or 1,3-DMP. In both cases, phenytoin appeared in the plasma, gradually reaching 14-15 micrograms/ml in 3 hr. The time course of increase in plasma phenytoin levels correlated with that of anticonvulsant activities. It was also found that 1,3-DMP gave rise to a major unidentified metabolite as well as 3-MP and phenytoin. This unidentified metabolite eluted only half a minute in front of 3-MP in the HPLC. Mice injected with high doses of 3-MP (100 mg/kg) in DMSO exhibited severe epileptiform activities. Phenobarbital, diazepam and clonazepam were found to protect against such seizures, but not phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproic acid. This shows that 3-MP is at least a pro-convulsant, taking into account that its effects might have been enhanced by DMSO. Unlike phenytoin, 3-MP lacked the ability to inhibit synaptosomal uptakes of both glutamate and GABA. This difference may be related to the fact that phenytoin, but not 3-MP, possesses potent anticonvulsant activity. PMID- 3244201 TI - The abnormal open-field behavior of SART-stressed rats and effects of some drugs on it. AB - As part of an investigation on the behavioral characteristics of SART-stressed animals, an animal model of autonomic imbalance, the open-field behavior of SART stressed (repeated cold-stressed) rats was studied and compared with that of rats exposed to other types of stress. In addition, the effects of several drugs on it were also studied. As compared with normal rats, SART-stressed rats exhibited increased locomotor activity, rearing and center-field penetration, together with decreased grooming and increased defecation, whereas they showed no significant changes in spontaneous movements in the daytime as measured by an Animex activity meter. These behavioral abnormalities were remarkably different from those due to 1-hr cold, 48-hr cold and repeated restraint stresses. These abnormal forms of open-field behavior due to SART stress were considerably inhibited by chlorpromazine, imipramine and neurotropin at doses having no corresponding influence on normal rats; and they were partially inhibited by alprazolam, diazepam and carpipramine at doses exerting considerable influence on normal rats. The above results show that SART-stressed rats exhibit open-field behavioral abnormalities that are different from those of rats exposed to other types of stress. Such abnormalities include excessive activity, which is considered to be caused by excessive emotionality. PMID- 3244203 TI - Facilitating effect of oxiracetam and piracetam on acquisition of discrete two way shuttle avoidance in normal mice. AB - Effects of oxiracetam and piracetam on acquisition of the discrete two-way shuttle avoidance response were investigated in normal mice of the dd strain. When oxiracetam or piracetam was administered only once immediately before the training session, the mice showed a greater number of avoidance responses in comparison with the saline-treated control mice, with the maximum effect at 30 mg/kg of oxiracetam and 100 mg/kg of piracetam. These results suggest that oxiracetam and piracetam facilitate the avoidance acquisition in normal mice. PMID- 3244202 TI - Effects of cimetidine on prostanoid production in the gastric corpus specimens from rats. AB - In order to examine the effect of cimetidine on the production of prostanoids in the stomach mucosa, the amounts of prostaglandin (PG) E2, F1 alpha and thromboxane (TX) B2 were determined after the specimens from the rat stomach corpus were incubated in the presence of cimetidine. Cimetidine significantly stimulated the production of PGE2 in the specimens at a concentration of 10 microM, but did not significantly affect the production of PGF1 alpha and TXB2 at concentrations of 1 to 100 microM. PMID- 3244204 TI - Effect of methotrexate on local cerebral blood flow in conscious rats. AB - The effect of methotrexate (MTX) on local cerebral blood flow (I-CBF) was studied with autoradiographic [14C]-iodoantipyrine methods in normal conscious rats. I CBF was reduced by 30-57% in the rats given MTX (100 mg or 200 mg/body) as compared to that in the saline injected control group, but no dose-dependent effect was observed. The mechanism of I-CBF reduction by MTX was discussed. PMID- 3244205 TI - Amelioration of experimental amnesia (passive avoidance failure) in rodents by the selective M1 agonist AF102B. AB - Effect of AF102B (cis-2-methylspiro-(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3')-quinuclidine) on experimental amnesia was examined using a passive avoidance task in rodents. The amnesia was produced by anti-cholinergic agents, AF64A (intracerebroventricularly) and scopolamine (subcutaneously). AF102B ameliorated the memory deficits in AF64A-treated rats at 0.1-1 mg/kg, i.p. and at 1-5 mg/kg p.o. and in scopolamine-treated mice at 1-10 mg/kg, i.p. These results suggest that AF102B may compensate for central cholinergic defects and could be developed as a possible therapeutic drug for senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. PMID- 3244206 TI - Suppression of clonidine-induced vasoconstriction by cooling. AB - Using the cannula inserting method, we investigated whether vascular responses to norepinephrine, phenylephrine, clonidine, tyramine and KCl were altered by cooling (37 degrees C to 27 degrees C) in isolated canine ear arteries. Vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine, phenylephrine and tyramine were slightly depressed or unchanged, whereas those to clonidine and KCl were significantly suppressed by cooling. It is suggested that activation of Ca channels via alpha-2 adrenoceptors may be depressed by cooling in dog ear arteries. PMID- 3244207 TI - [Hierarchical semantic organization in children]. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate developmental changes of two functions in the subordinate, for three-level (item - the subordinate - the superordinate) hierarchical semantic organization. One is the function that abstracts items, and the other is that mediates between items and the superordinate to abstract the subordinates into the superordinate. In Experiment 1, primary school children memorized seven sets which consists of four words, from different categories. Each set had hierarchical structures, like those that have been used by Steinberg & Anderson's (1975). The subjects were asked to recall targets and other words used CC (close cohyponyms), RC (remote cohyponyms), and control words as retrieval cues. In Experiment 2, the subjects memorized sets, and recalled targets by RC cues in one of the following ways: using RC + the superordinate cues, RC + the subordinate cues or only RC cues. In Experiment 3, children's understanding of basic hierarchical relations was investigated by questionnaire. These results showed that primary school children developed understanding and utilization of the subordinate - the superordinate relationship (second function), more slowly in comparison with the first one. PMID- 3244208 TI - [Effects of attribution and organization on person memory]. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of attribution of a target person's behavior and organization of schema on memory of behavior incongruent with the initial impression of the target as well as on the change of impression of target. Forty-eight male college students were given the target's behaviors and attributions of behaviors were manipulated to be either dispositional or situational. Then, half of the subjects were asked to think about the target's personality and to write essays about the target in order to facilitate the organization of their schema for the target, while the other half were engaged in distraction tasks. After that, subjects were asked to rate their impression of the target and to recall the behaviors. The following are main results. First, the incongruent behavior attributed to dispositional causes was more likely to be recalled than that attributed to situational ones, only when the target schema became well-organized by thinking about the target. Second, the incongruent behavior had greater impact on the change of impression when attributed to dispositional causes. The role of organization as a mediator of the effects of causal attribution on recall was discussed. PMID- 3244209 TI - [Effects of learning experience to the visual field advantage on random form recognition]. AB - In order to examine the effects of learning experience to the visual field advantage on random form recognition, two experiments were carried out with the successive matching task (Test). The learning task employed was to associate random forms with two letter nonsense words. In Exp. 1, 25 right-handed subjects participated in the five successive days to manipulate the levels of learning retention among them. In the first and third sessions, Tests (1, 2) followed the learning task. In the second and fourth sessions, only the learning task was carried out. In the fifth session, only Test 3 was conducted. In Exp. 2, the same subjects conducted only Test 4 at three months later, when their levels of retention were lowered. Results obtained were that shifts occurred from the left visual field advantage (LVF-A) for random form recognition in Test 1 to no visual field difference in Test 3 as the learning retention increased, and from no visual field difference to LVF-A again when the retention decreased in Test 4. The possibility as for the effects of learning experience in relation to hemispheric asymmetry was discussed. PMID- 3244210 TI - [Intrinsic results of behavior as primary determinants of behavioral choice]. AB - The present experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that the intrinsic results of behavior are powerful determinants of behavioral choice. Cooperative and independent building-blocks were studied with thirty-six kindergarten children arranged in pairs and assigned to one of the following three groups: the cooperation group in which subjects were shown a film indicating that the product (the intrinsic result) of two models working cooperatively is greater than the product of two models working independently in building blocks; the cooperation estimation group in which subjects were shown films revealing that a cooperative model positively evaluates both cooperation and good work results; and, a control group in which no films were shown to subjects. Children in the two experimental groups observed their respective films four times. The building-blocks of all pairs were observed on ten occasions. Results indicated that children's choice of a cooperative strategy was facilitated by the presence of a large product (work) which they were given to understand was the result of cooperatively-minded models or children working together. This suggested that a good product tended to evoke positive feelings. On the other hand, choice of a cooperative strategy was inhibited by the anticipation of a negative intrinsic result (i.e., unacceptable work) of cooperation and children chose to work independently as a consequence. PMID- 3244211 TI - [Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide and tetragastrin on the contractile activities of the stomach, duodenum and papilla of Vater]. AB - Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP) and tetragastrin (TG) on the stomach, duodenum and papilla of Vater were examined using 13 adult dogs. The contractile activities of the stomach and duodenum were examined using the strain gage, and the manometric study of the papilla of Vater was also performed. CCK-OP increased the contractile activities of the stomach and duodenum, but at the same time the pressure of the papilla of Vater was decreased. TG increased the contractile activities of the stomach, but decreased that of the duodenum and the pressure of papilla of Vater. CCK-OP lowered the pressure of the common bile duct, and that fall corresponded with the disappearance of the phasic contraction of the papilla of Vater. We concluded that the contractile activity of the papilla of Vater was independent of the contractile activity of the duodenum, and the most effective drainage of the bile was achieved at the time of the disappearance of the phasic contraction of the papilla of Vater. PMID- 3244212 TI - Observation on the distribution of ganglia in the ganglionated plexus of guinea pig gallbladder. AB - In order to investigate how the ganglia in ganglionated plexus were distributed throughout the overall region of the gallbladder, the gallbladder was dissected from guinea-pig and washed with Krebs solution via the cystic duct. This gallbladder was distended with 2 ml of the mixed solution of OsO4 and ZnI2 injected with a syringe via the cystic duct and the cystic duct was immediately tied with a thread. The gallbladder was placed in excess of the mixed solution for 7-10 hours. The gallbladder was longitudinally divided into two approximately equal parts and each was prepared for microscopic investigation. The one preparation was the ventral side of the gallbladder and the other preparation was its dorsal side. These preparations were viewed through a photomicroscope. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Ganglia which involved several nerve cells were observed. Ganglia and nerve bundles connecting the fellow ganglia formed an irregular network, that is, the so-called ganglionated plexus. These nerve bundles were connected with the perivascular nerves which ran parallel to and around blood vessels in several places of the wall of the gallbladder. 2. Ganglia were full of variety in size and shape. That is to say, the shape of ganglia is arranged in various patterns such as oval, spherical, triangular, square and so on. When the size of ganglia were shown by surface area of ganglia which were viewed within the sweep of photomicroscope, the size of ganglia were divided into three large groups, the small ganglia in the range of 1,400 microns2-3,500 microns 2, the large ganglia in the range of 3,500 microns2-10,000 microns2 and the extra-large ganglia in the range of 10,000 microns2-38,000 microns2. Per one gallbladder, 240 +/- 41 (n = 3) small ganglia, 263 +/- 28 (n = 3) large ganglia and 8 +/- 1 (n = 3) extra-large ganglia were found. And these ganglia were irregularly scattered all over the wall of gallbladder. Small ganglia were found more numerous than large ganglia in the cervical portion of the gallbladder. On the other hand, small ones were slightly fewer than large ganglia in the remainder portion of the gallbladder. 3. The ganglionated plexus contained 511 +/ 69 (n = 3) ganglia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3244213 TI - Method for simultaneous determination of creatine phosphate and adenine nucleotides in the intestinal smooth muscle of guinea-pig taenia caeci using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for simultaneous determination of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and creatine phosphate (PCr) by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. This method was applied to the isolated intestinal smooth muscle tissue of guinea pig taenia caeci weighing approximately 30 mg. It was found that one g of the muscle tissue contained 3.55 mumol PCr, 2.40 mumol ATP and 0.477 mumol ADP. PMID- 3244214 TI - [The effect of vagotomy and gastrectomy on the lower esophageal sphincter motility]. AB - The motor activity of the canine lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was studied under conscious states by means of the strain gage transducer, and gastroesophageal reflux was investigated after injection of the contrast medium through the silastic tube inserted in gastric fundus by x-ray. The motor activity and function of LES were observed in the dogs with selective proximal vagotomy (SPV), truncal vagotomy (TV) and TV + gastrectomy. Results were summarized as follows; 1. In the postprandial period, so called receptive relaxation was observed in gastric body, and tonic contraction was observed in LES. On the other hand, the occurrence of the LES contraction was consistent with gastric periodic motor activity in the interdigestive state. It was found that such a contractile pattern of LES and gastric body prevented the reflux of gastric juice from stomach to esophagus in the digestive and interdigestive state. 2. In the postprandial period, the tonic contraction of LES was inhibited by the venous injection of atropine sulfate. Mechanisms of digestive contractile activity of LES were mainly regulated by cholinergic nerve. 3. After SPV and TV, the motility of LES and gastric body was disturbed. Namely, receptive relaxation disappeared, and tonic contraction was observed in gastric body, but the relaxation of the LES was found after ingestion. These findings suggested that discordant LES contractiles with the contraction of the gastric body after vagotomy produced a gastroesophageal reflux. 4. After TV + gastrectomy, the synchronous motor activity of the LES, remnant stomach and duodenum disappeared. Namely, it was thought that the reflux esophagitis occurred after gastric surgery with vagotomy and lymphnodes dissection was caused by the duodenal juice reflux to remnant stomach and esophagus. PMID- 3244215 TI - [An experimental study on the remnant gastric motilities and gastrointestinal hormones after various types of gastrectomies]. AB - Using adult mongrel dogs, remnant gastric motility in relation to the changes of gastrointestinal hormone (gastrin and motilin) levels were measured under conscious states before and after distal partial gastrectomy in the Billroth I (BI) or II (BII) reconstruction and proximal partial gastrectomy with or without pyloroplasty. Remnant gastric motility was studied during the digestive and interdigestive states by chronically implanted strain gage transducer (S.G.T.) along the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal hormone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Results were summarized as follows: 1. Remnant gastric motility after BI was different from BII, that is, digestive patterns after BII were more shorter than BI, as a result, gastric emptying times were shortened. 2. Gastrin release by the meal intake in the dogs with BI was greater than that in BII. On the other hand, motilin release in the dogs with BII was higher level than that in BI during the digestive and interdigestive states. Gastrointestinal hormone levels after BI were approximately as same responses as controls. These findings suggested that BI reconstruction for distal partial gastrectomy was more physiological surgical procedure than BII reconstruction. 3. Remnant gastric motility during the digestive state after proximal gastrectomy showed the excitatory pattern and gastric emptying time was remarkably shortened than in controls. 4. In gastrin and motilin levels stimulated by the meal in the dogs with proximal gastrectomy, the peak of gastrin and the depression of motilin were observed more early in relation to remnant gastric emptying time. These findings suggested that the pyloroplasty for the proximal gastrectomy was necessary to prevent an increased motility of the remnant stomach during the digestive states. PMID- 3244216 TI - [Microalbuminuria in children with vesicoureteral reflux]. PMID- 3244217 TI - [Combination chemotherapy of advanced urothelial cancer with methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin (M-VAC)]. PMID- 3244218 TI - [Histopathological study of incidental carcinoma of the prostate]. PMID- 3244219 TI - [Experience with transurethral incision of ureteroceles. Endoscopic intervention revisited]. PMID- 3244220 TI - [Surgical enucleation of renal tumors]. PMID- 3244221 TI - [Experience with 11 cases of chordee without hypospadias]. PMID- 3244223 TI - [A study on prediction of functional recovery from hydronephrosis]. PMID- 3244222 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the usefulness of endocrine therapy combined with chemotherapy as an initial treatment of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 3244224 TI - [Continent urinary reservoir for supravesical diversion. Stabilization of intussuscepted nipple valve without using metal staples]. PMID- 3244226 TI - [Biopsy of the myocardium in patients with ventricular arrhythmia of unknown etiology]. PMID- 3244225 TI - [Changes in left-ventricular mural thrombus examined by two-dimensional echocardiography during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction. Clinico echocardiographic correlations and the effect of intravenous streptokinase and/or heparin]. PMID- 3244227 TI - [Analysis of selected hemodynamic parameters at rest and during exercise in surgically treated combined mitral valve defect with the predominance of mitral valve stenosis]. PMID- 3244228 TI - [Evaluation of the knowledge of risk factors and the principles of prevention of primary ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3244229 TI - [Right-atrial thrombi: report of 2 cases treated with a fibrinolytic drug]. PMID- 3244230 TI - [Coronary collateral circulation: factors influencing its effect on the myocardium in cases of occluded arteries]. PMID- 3244231 TI - [Hemodynamics in hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 3244232 TI - [Myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2]. PMID- 3244233 TI - [Evaluation of blood flow through heart valve prostheses by the Doppler method]. PMID- 3244234 TI - [Remote results of the treatment of patients with various types of mitral valve prosthesis]. PMID- 3244235 TI - [HLA antigens in patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 3244237 TI - [Cardiac rhythm disorders in patients with pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 3244236 TI - [HLA antigens in patients with primary cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3244238 TI - [Effect of the hormonal activity of pheochromocytoma on ECG changes during ventricular repolarization]. PMID- 3244239 TI - [Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the erythrocytes of patients with borderline hypertension]. PMID- 3244240 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: analysis of 120 patients]. PMID- 3244241 TI - [Indications for heart surgery in pregnant women with mitral valve stenosis and its remote results]. PMID- 3244242 TI - [Left-ventricular function in diabetes mellitus type 1 not complicated by cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 3244243 TI - [Psychophysiological correlations and reactivity of patients with hypertension]. AB - A clinical psychophysiologic and psychologic assessment was made twice, at 12 months' interval, in 203 patients with essential hypertension (EH). In addition to aggravated heredity, EH patients showing more marked BP increment under emotional stress had higher level of anxiety, rigidity and interpersonal conflicts. Different cardiovascular response to various emotive stressors was dependent on psychological characteristics of EH patients. EH patients with increased BP over follow-up period originally showed more marked diastolic BP response to emotional stress, and slower BP recovery after the exposure. PMID- 3244244 TI - [Status of lipid metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease and its behavioral risk factor]. PMID- 3244245 TI - [Various non-pharmacological methods of increasing the effectiveness of the treatment of severe and refractory to therapy forms of chronic cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 3244246 TI - [Blood pressure reaction during exercise test in patients with stenocardia]. PMID- 3244247 TI - [Does hypotensive therapy reduce renal atrophy in patients with arterial hypertension?]. PMID- 3244248 TI - [Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level in patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 3244249 TI - [Morphometry of the lungs in predicting late results of surgical correction of congenital heart defects with hypervolemia of the lesser circulation]. PMID- 3244250 TI - [Reoperations on the aorta and its branches]. PMID- 3244251 TI - [ECG picture of acquired long QT syndrome with recurrent ventricular flutter in a patient with ischemic heart disease and thromboembolism of the branches of the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 3244252 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation as complications of intravenous administration of ethacizine]. PMID- 3244253 TI - [Recurrent spasm of the coronary arteries during the ergometrine test]. PMID- 3244254 TI - [Current coding of implanted devices for correction of cardiac rhythm disorders]. PMID- 3244255 TI - [The first Russian electrocardiographs with automatic microprocessing of the ECG]. PMID- 3244256 TI - [Prognostic value of psychological characteristics in the evolution of borderline arterial hypertension]. AB - Psychodiagnostic screening, using the MMPI test, was carried out in 130 individuals with marginal arterial hypertension (MAH) and 87 normotensive subjects. Individuals with MAH showed anxiety, inner tension, rigidity, a tendency to absorption in disease, and fixation on health. Lowered SMAL fourth scale profile in MAH individuals may serve as a psychological indicator of a risk of essential hypertension. PMID- 3244257 TI - [Selection of psychoemotional load test for the diagnosis of hypertension]. AB - The specificity of cardiovascular response to mental exercise of certain types was assessed in 65 normal males and 66 hypertensive patients. Mental arithmetic exercise provoked an increase in systolic rather than diastolic blood pressure. The clock and compass test evaluating spacial imagination, on the contrary, resulted in mostly diastolic hypertension. In hypertensive patients, this specific response is more marked and can be used as a diagnostic test. The comparison of arterial blood pressure and catecholamines excretion suggests that mental arithmetic exercise is associated with beta-adrenoreceptor activation, while the other exercise activates alpha-receptors. The magnitude of arterial blood pressure change is believed to be related to the emotional component, while the systolic/diastolic ratio would be determined by specific nature of mental exercise. PMID- 3244258 TI - [Cerebral and autonomic aspects of labile hypertension]. AB - EEG, central hemodynamic parameters and the emotional syndrome were investigated in 55 patients with labile hypertension. Two cerebrovegetative patterns corresponding to different degrees of cortical activation and different mechanisms controlling arterial blood pressure and anxiety levels were identified. As the two groups of patients did not differ in terms of age or duration of the disease, those could not be attributed to different stages of the disease, suggesting rather that sympathetic and parasympathetic vegetative nervous components may be making different contributions to the formation of hemodynamic type. PMID- 3244259 TI - [Kinetics of tissue sodium metabolism and the vascular reactivity to vasopressor agents in healthy persons with different degree of risk of developing arterial hypertension]. AB - A study of 69 normal males, aged 20 to 54 years and running increased risks of arterial hypertension, demonstrated vascular hyper-reactivity to humoral vasoconstrictors, weakened gustatory sensitivity to salt and a tendency to sodium deposition in tissues, which were induced by increased salt uptake. Their plasma aldosterone levels were increased in the presence of salt loading and showed correlation to the degree of tissue sodium metabolism slow-down. No intergroup variation was demonstrated in diurnal sodium excretion, total metabolizing sodium in the body and natriuretic response to acute salt loads. PMID- 3244260 TI - [Body constitution of patients of different somatotypes with hypertension]. AB - Body constituents (cellular and extracellular mass, fat, extracellular fluid) were examined by means of K-40 whole-body radiometry in male essential hypertension patients with normal body weight and alimentary obesity. Second stage essential hypertension was associated with a reduction of body cell mass, its relative parameters in particular. This fall was even more pronounced in patients with alimentary obesity. Apparently, increased proportion of fat in relation to body cell mass, which is more active metabolically, alters water-salt balance and, consequently, arterial blood pressure. PMID- 3244261 TI - [Graphic analysis of spatial changes in the blood vessels in arterial hypertension]. AB - Graphical models of normal vessels and possible abnormal changes thereof (muscular coat hypertrophy or atrophy, and narrowed or intact vascular lumen) have been constructed on the basis of morphometric studies of arteries and arterioles of normal human and white rat heart, liver, brain, lungs, kidneys, stomach, pancreas and small intestine. It is demonstrated that the wall thickness to-lumen diameter ratio or any similar parameters cannot be used as an unequivocal indicator of vascular change, therefore neither muscular coat hypertrophy, nor narrowed lumen should be regarded as proven in cases of arterial hypertension. The results of the measurement of wall thickness and external as well as inner vascular diameter should be represented as a three-dimensional model for correct assessment of vascular morphogenesis, biomorphosis or pathomorphosis. PMID- 3244262 TI - [Study of the effect of the restoration of coronary blood flow on left ventricular contractility in patients with acute myocardial infarction based on the data of computerized two-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - Total and local left-ventricular contractility was assessed by computerized two dimensional echocardiography in 52 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Three groups of patients were identified: those with recovered coronary flow (group 1), reperfusion failure (group 2) and the lack of occlusion at first coronarography (group 3). Patients from group 3 showed the most intact left ventricular myocardial contractility and the most favorable clinical course of the disease, while second-group patients had particularly impaired left ventricular contractility. In the first group, the size of the asynergic area diminished by day 28 of the disease to a greater extent, as compared to the second group. Therefore, coronary reperfusion within the first 6 hours after the attack shows correlation to a smaller asynergic zone and a more favorable clinical course of the disease. PMID- 3244263 TI - [Hemodynamic mechanisms of ECG changes in congenital fistulas of the coronary arteries]. AB - ECG changes were analysed in 31 patients with congenital coronary arterial fistulas with reference to the site of coronary arterial lesion and the level and magnitude of blood discharge. Two hemodynamic factors, conditioning ECG changes, were identified as typical for coronary arterial fistulas: 1) volume strain on cardiac compartments making up the fistula receptacle chamber; 2) perfusion deficiency in the distal segment of the affected coronary artery. Fistulas with large-volume shunts may be accompanied by both ischemic changes in the affected artery basin and regional perfusion disorders in adjacent basins, the latter being due to "stealing" of the adjoining coronary trunk or the type of coronary blood supply. PMID- 3244265 TI - [Relation between behavioral risk factors of ischemic heart disease and various somatic indicators in men aged 25-64 years living in Novosibirsk]. AB - In every second male aged 25-64 years from a representative random sample of a Novosibirsk district, relationships were examined between types A and B behavior, occupation, education, and some somatic parameters. Type A behavior was found to be associated with higher occupation and education levels. The individuals with type A behavior more frequently showed elevated levels of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased indices of body weight and atherogenicity as compared to those with type B behavior. PMID- 3244264 TI - [Plasma lipid levels in men aged 30-59 years living in rural areas of the Buriat ASSR (epidemiological study)]. AB - A simultaneous epidemiologic survey was carried out in 1985-1986 to assess plasma lipids and lipoproteins in 30-to-59-year-old male rural residents of Buryatia. Comparative characteristics of plasma lipid profiles are presented for the native populations and newcomers to the land. Buryats and other natives were shown to have lower levels of atherogenic lipoproteins (LDLP CS, VLDLP CS) and lipids (CS, TG) and higher levels of antiatherogenic HDLP CS, as compared to the newcomers. Mean LDLP CS levels and the atherogenic index were significantly lower, and HDLP CS levels, significantly higher, in the Buryats, as compared to other natives. Specialized studies may throw light on the causes of these differences. PMID- 3244266 TI - [Various pathogenetic mechanisms of the progressive course of chronic circulatory insufficiency in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - Markedly increased antidiuretic activity, depressed epiphyseal activity and low blood serotonin, and increased sympathoadrenal activity, largely due to mediator effects, were demonstrated in 201 coronary patients with and without essential hypertension in the presence of central hemodynamic disorders. Correlations were established between impaired activities of various regulatory systems as well as between those and some hemodynamic disorders. PMID- 3244267 TI - [Effect of exogenous phosphocreatine on the size of experimental myocardial infarction]. AB - The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of exogenous phosphocreatine on the infarction size in experimental occlusion of a coronary artery. Experiments were carried out in anesthetized cats, in which the descending branch of the left coronary artery was ligated. Damaged zone was visualized by intravenous administration of fluorescent Thioflavin T dye. Tissue samples were taken from the heart 3, 6 and 72 hours after the ligation. Exogenous phosphocreatine was administered as a bolus injection (200 mg/kg body weight) 5 minutes before the ligation and was followed by continuous infusion for 3-6 hours at the rate of 5 mg/min/kg body weight. Administration of exogenous phosphocreatine remarkably decreased the size of severe and relative ischemia (by 37% and 71%, respectively, after 3 hours, and by 59% and 86%, respectively, after 6 hours). The size of the necrotic zone, determined after 72 hours, was decreased by 63% in the phosphocreatine experiments. PMID- 3244268 TI - [Effect of adenosine on the size of experimental myocardial infarction and "no re flow" areas]. AB - In rabbit experiments, adenosine was studied for its effects on the sizes of myocardial infarction and "no reflow" zones after coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Intravenous administration of adenosine resulted in a steady drop in blood pressure, decrease in heart rate and increase in the extent of infarction and "no reflow" zone. PMID- 3244269 TI - Urinary excretion of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and ecgonine methyl ester in humans. AB - The excretion kinetics of cocaine (C) and its two major metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BZ) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME), were determined by collecting all urine for 30 h from 5 cocaine users (subjects C, D, E, F, and G) given bolus doses followed by exponential cocaine infusions that delivered doses of 253 (subject C), 444 (subjects D, E, and F), and 700 mg (subject G). Plasma cocaine, urine cocaine, BZ, and EME were measured by gas chromatography, with a nitrogen detector. Elimination half-times for EME and BZ, estimated from semilog plots of excretion rates vs. time, averaged 3.1 and 4.5 h respectively, in agreement with our previous report. Urinary recovery in D, E, and F was 27-41% of the dose, with 14-17% as BZ, 12-21% as EME, and 2% as cocaine. Subject C excreted very little EME--5-6-fold less than the mean for the other subjects and amounting to only 3% of the dose. Cocaine disposition in subject G, who received the largest dose and attained plasma levels of 3000 ng/mL, showed some characteristics of a nonlinear process. PMID- 3244270 TI - Determination of SCN--in vegetables by gas chromatography in relation to endemic goiter. AB - The quantity of thiocyanate ion in vegetables has been determined due to its relationship with endemic goiter. The technique is based on the use of gas chromatography with electron capture detection (ECD), which provides good sensitivities. PMID- 3244271 TI - Blood and plasma concentrations of butalbital following single oral doses in man. AB - Blood and plasma concentrations of butalbital (from Fiorinal) were determined in a small group of healthy volunteers after single oral doses of 100 mg of butalbital. Butalbital was quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Typical blood concentrations of butalbital peaked at 2.1 mg/L and declined to 1.5 mg/L at 24 h. The half-lives in blood were between 35 and 87.5 h with a mean of 61 h. Whole blood to plasma ratios were also determined. PMID- 3244272 TI - An improved analytical method, based on HPLC with electrochemical detection, for monitoring exposure to 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline. AB - An HPLC method for monitoring exposure of workers to 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline (CFA) is described. It is based on the detection of a major urinary metabolite, 2 amino-4-chloro-5-fluorophenyl sulphate, and is superior to the previously adopted GC method. The limit of detection for the metabolite, 2-amino-4-chloro-5 fluorophenyl sulphate, is less than or equal to 0.01 mg/L (as CFA equivalent), with a coefficient of variation obtained over the range 1-15 mg/L of 4%. The HPLC method avoids the need for derivatization (cf. GC) and is consequently a much quicker and cheaper monitoring method. Urine samples from plant workers may be stored at 4 degrees C for a period of three months without loss of the metabolite. PMID- 3244273 TI - Analysis of dimethyl hydrogen phosphite and its stability under simulated physiological conditions. AB - In a study by the National Toxicology Program, dimethyl hydrogen phosphite (DMHP) was shown to cause dose-related neoplastic lesions in the lungs and forestomachs of Fischer 344 rats. This investigation was carried out to study the stability of this carcinogen under conditions similar to those that the chemical may encounter in the physiological environment. To carry out these studies, capillary gas chromatography was utilized to analyze DMHP. The method was linear over a range of 10 to at least 1000 ng. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) also was used to analyze DMHP and its degradation products. In aqueous solutions, DMHP was stable for a period of time before degradation began. Once the process began, degradation continued until 10-20% of the original concentration was reached and further decomposition was minimal. At 10% concentration in 0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, DMHP was stable for 3.6 h at 37 degrees C. This stability period increased at lower temperature, at lower DMHP concentration, and in slightly more alkaline buffer (pH 8). After the stability period, DMHP disappeared from the solution and this disappearance followed a first order kinetics with a rate dependent upon temperature, concentration of DHMP, and the pH of the solution. The half-time of disappearance of DMHP under the conditions mentioned above was 2.4 h, which increased at lower temperature, at lower DMHP concentration, and in slightly more alkaline buffer (pH 8). The decomposition products of DMHP were identified by HPLC and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy as methanol, monomethyl hydrogen phosphite, and orthophosphorous acid. PMID- 3244274 TI - Qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenol, phenylglucuronide, and phenylsulfate in urine and plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - Phenol and related compounds are toxic agents to which humans are exposed. Analysis of phenolic compounds may be used as an index of exposure. In this report a method for analysis of phenol, phenylglucuronide, phenylsulfate, and related mono- and dihydroxybenzenes as their propanoate esters by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is presented. The use of this derivatization technique increases the sensitivity of the analysis by improving chromatographic performance and introducing a traceable "reporter" group into the analyte. This method has also been adapted, by using selected ion monitoring (SIM), to the quantitative analysis of phenol. PMID- 3244275 TI - The analysis of blood serum for paraldehyde by ultrafiltration and gas chromatography with a wide-bore capillary column. AB - The techniques of membrane ultrafiltration and capillary column gas chromatography were examined for their applicability to the quantification of paraldehyde in blood serum. Serum samples of standards, controls, and patients were treated with an aqueous solution of internal standard and then deproteinized by passage through a disposable ultrafiltration device. The ultrafiltrates were chromatographed on a wide-bore glass capillary column mounted in a packed column gas chromatograph. The method was shown to have adequate sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, and linearity for therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicological purposes. PMID- 3244276 TI - Cocaine deaths in infants. AB - Two cases of cocaine deaths in infants are reported. Case histories and tissue concentrations of cocaine are presented and discussed. Cases of cocaine intoxication in infants from the literature are also presented. PMID- 3244277 TI - Uncertain validity of the 2100 conversion. PMID- 3244278 TI - A transcription-translation activation feedback circuit as a function of protein degradation, with the quality of protein mass adaptation related to the average functional load. AB - The balance between protein synthesis and degradation, and between active skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy and atrophy can be described as a function of protein degradation rate by a transcription-translation activation control loop. Transcription activity is presumed to be determined by the concentration of protein-specific fragments (PSF) occurring as intermediate products of protein degradation. If PSF acts as an apoinducer at the gene or operon enhancer region, formation and dissociation of PSF-enhancer complex, as a function of PSF concentration, determines the gene or operon transcription activity. The assumed regulation can be converted to a mathematical model that allows simulation of steady-state protein balance and active adaptation, according to the level of functional activity. The relationship between steady-state transcription activity and PSF concentration can be described by Michaelis-Menten or weak sigmoidicity kinetics. Similar dependency is presumed in translation activity as a function of mRNA concentration. The relationship of protein to mRNA, PSF and ribosome content, and their formation and degradation, are determined by first-order differential equations. The assumed regulation scheme may also contribute to the theory of transcription activation, and can be used to explain the mechanism determining active adaptation in living systems. PMID- 3244279 TI - Why the rate of silent codon substitutions is variable within a vertebrate's genome. AB - Different genes within the murine genome are diverging at different rates. The rate of synonymous codon substitutions in these genes is related to their base composition. It is proposed that the variabilities of rate of mutation accumulation, of codon choice and of average GC content within vertebrate genomes are caused by differences between DNA synthesis in repair and replication, as far as the frequency and compositional bias of mutations introduced by these systems are concerned. DNA repair contributes substantially to the evolution of the DNA domains, which are actively repaired in germline cells and which correspond to regions available for transcription in these cells and to Giemsa-negative bands in stained chromosomes. PMID- 3244280 TI - On the stationary state analysis of reaction-diffusion mechanisms for biological pattern formation. AB - We present a biologically plausible two-variable reaction-diffusion model for the developing vertebrate limb, for which we postulate the existence of a stationary solution. A consequence of this assumption is that the stationary state depends on only a single concentration-variable. Under these circumstances, features of potential biological significance, such as the dependence of the steady-state concentration profile of this variable on parameters such as tissue size and shape, can be studied without detailed information about the rate functions. As the existence and stability of stationary solutions, which must be assumed for any biochemical system governing morphogenesis, cannot be investigated without such information, an analysis is made of the minimal requirements for stable, stationary non-uniform solutions in a general class of reaction-diffusion systems. We discuss the strategy of studying stationary-state properties of systems that are incompletely specified. Where abrupt transitions between successive compartment-sizes occur, as in the developing limb, we argue that it is reasonable to model pattern reorganization as a sequence of independent stationary states. PMID- 3244281 TI - Serum and erythrocyte magnesium levels in junior high school students: relation to blood pressure and a family history of hypertension. AB - Serum and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations (S-Mg, E-Mg) were measured in 380 Japanese junior high school students, and the relationship to blood pressure and a family history of hypertension were studied. Systolic blood pressure was higher in the subjects with a positive family history of hypertension [FH(+)] than in those with a negative family history [FH(-)], whereas E-Mg was lower in the FH(+) group than in the FH(-) group with a significant different in boys. Furthermore, in the FH(+) group, systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the subjects with lower S-Mg and E-Mg than in those with higher S-Mg and E-Mg. In the FH(-) group, however, no difference was observed in blood pressure levels between the two subgroups. These findings suggest that magnesium deficiency is partially responsible for a rise of blood pressure in the FH(+) children, and that a genetic predisposition of hypertension may be closely related to magnesium metabolism. PMID- 3244282 TI - Structural changes in lungs of magnesium-deficient weanling rats dying spontaneously or after spontaneous recovery from the seizure-shock episode. Possible methods for sudden infant death syndromes. AB - A light and electron microscopic study of Mg-deficient weanling rats showed structural changes of the lungs associated with the audiogenic seizure-shock episode, and with sudden, spontaneous death or spontaneous recovery after the shock episode. Pathogen-free weanling males were fed a Mg-deficient (Mg-0) or Mg sufficient (Mg-100) diet and were raised in a gnotobiotic environment. Mg-100 rats (n = 16), unstressed or stressed with noise or strychnine, showed normal lungs. Mg-0 rats (n = 20) experienced audiogenic seizure-shock, followed by hyperventilation with tonic-clonic hyperextension of the back and extremities. The lungs of Mg-0 rats sacrificed during shock showed marked hemorrhage, including petechiae; edema; and atelectasis. Eight that died after a post-shock period of hyperventilation and hyperextension of the spine showed partial recovery of the pulmonary lesion; they showed well-expanded lungs, pleural petechiae, persistent congestion, with mild to moderate pathology. Mg-0 rats killed for study 2 days after the seizure-shock episode showed few small areas of residual lung pathology. Ultrastructural changes after Mg-O shock included aggregated platelets, leukocytes, and occasional reticulocytes in congested capillaries. Surfactant was disrupted during Mg-0 seizure-shock, but a layer closely applied to the surface of the epithelium was evident 2 days after shock. Mg-0 rats dying spontaneously showed nonspecific structural changes of the lung similar to changes reported in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). PMID- 3244283 TI - Diuretic-induced CNS magnesium alteration and digoxin intoxication. AB - Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 15 mg/kg), chlorothiazide (CTZ; 100 mg/kg), bendroflumethiazide (BFTZ; 1.5 mg/kg), chlorthalidone (CHLOR; 15 mg/kg), methyclothiazide (METH; 1.0 mg/kg) or metolazone (MET; 1.5 mg/kg). Magnesium content was measured in the hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, cerebral cortex, heart, skeletal muscle and serum. Although there was no consistent alteration of Mg in the serum, skeletal muscle and heart, there was a significant effect on hypothalamic and medullary Mg. Compared to a control value of 17.20 +/- 1.24 mEg/kg in the hypothamus there was a decrease by HCTZ (26%; p less than 0.01), CTZ (24%; p less than 0.01) and BFTZ (30%; p less than 0.01). Similarly, there was a decrease by HCTZ (22%; p less than 0.01), CTZ (30%; p less than 0.01) and BFTZ (25%; p less than 0.01) on Mg in medulla. In contrast MET increases Mg in hypothalamus (31%; p less than 0.01) and medulla (26%; p less than 0.01). Furthermore, digoxin infusion (0.051 ml/min) in animals pretreated with HCTZ induced arrhythmias earlier than in animals receiving digoxin alone (30 vs. 60 min; p less than 0.01). The effects of digoxin toxicity in HCTZ-pretreated animals were partially reversed by CNS administration of 50 micrograms of Mg. These findings strongly suggest that thiazide-induced depletion of Mg in the CNS predisposes to digoxin intoxication. PMID- 3244284 TI - Cobalt-activated acylase (AA-Co) activity in experimental liver carcinogenesis in rats. Part II. Chronic poisoning with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). PMID- 3244285 TI - Glucose tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 3244286 TI - Blood levels of free fatty acids and products of lipid peroxidation in rabbits during acute ischaemic hypoxia: protective effect of methylprednisolone. PMID- 3244287 TI - Evaluation of the changes in lipid lipoprotein profile induced after ingestion of high cholesterol and fat diet in young healthy females. PMID- 3244288 TI - A study of serum lipids in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 3244289 TI - Cytomorphological characteristics of lymphocytes in children during remission of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia lasting many years. PMID- 3244290 TI - Ranitidine but not cimetidine affects the gastric motor function in humans. PMID- 3244291 TI - Disorders of polymorphonuclear neutrophils function in diabetics. Part I. Impairment of basic polymorphonuclear neutrophils functions. PMID- 3244292 TI - Analysis of patients with acute renal disease treated in the dialysis centres of the Silesian region in the years 1965-1985. PMID- 3244293 TI - Serum zinc, copper and magnesium in Behcet's disease. PMID- 3244294 TI - Assessment of the direct tocolytic action of salbupart and fenoterol in the treatment of imminent premature labour. PMID- 3244295 TI - Autoerythrocyte sensitization--a report on purpura of still unknown origin. PMID- 3244296 TI - Protective sensation in the foot in leprosy. PMID- 3244297 TI - The actual leprosy situation within Katsina State, Nigeria. PMID- 3244298 TI - Carcinoma in plantar ulcers of leprosy patients: a report of 4 cases from Turkey. PMID- 3244299 TI - Leprosy in Bangladesh. PMID- 3244300 TI - [Medical therapy of acute otitis media]. PMID- 3244301 TI - [Role of prostaglandin inhibition on the antihypercalciuric action of hydrochlorothiazide: a plausible hypothesis]. PMID- 3244302 TI - [Long-term results of surgical therapy of prolactin-secreting hypophysis macroadenomas]. PMID- 3244303 TI - [Electron microscopy analysis of occluded biliary endoprostheses]. PMID- 3244304 TI - [Determination of calcium chelating activity by bile acids in aqueous solution]. PMID- 3244306 TI - [Tobacco-alcohol syndrome: study of a case by visual evoked potentials]. PMID- 3244305 TI - [Plasmatic clearance of antipyrine after treatment with epomediol]. PMID- 3244307 TI - [Longitudinal epidemiologic survey on respiratory disorders among workers of the wood industry]. PMID- 3244308 TI - [A 31-year-old asthmatic woman with multisystemic disease]. PMID- 3244309 TI - [AIDS in Italy up to November 30, 1988]. PMID- 3244310 TI - Effect of mucin on Campylobacter jejuni association and invasion on HEp-2 cells. AB - We report the development of an in vitro assay using HEp-2 cell monolayers in which cell association of five C. jejuni strains and E. coli K12 C600 were tested under different experimental conditions. Both total cell associated colony forming units (CFU) and the CFU protected from gentamicin killing (i.e. internalized bacteria) were determined. Pretreatment of HEp-2 cells with mucin (100 micrograms/ml) enhanced internalization of four fresh isolates of C. jejuni by 3.2 to 20.7-fold, depending on the strain, but not internalization of C. jejuni K105 (a stock culture) or E. coli C600. Mucin also increased the total number of cell associated C. jejuni fresh isolates by 2 to 3.4-fold, the four strains yielding similar results. We conclude from these studies that mucin, which has been shown to be a prerequisite of intestinal colonization by C. jejuni, also promotes infectivity. PMID- 3244311 TI - Nucleotide sequence and transcription analysis of yop51 from Yersinia enterocolitica W22703. AB - Virulent strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, pseudotuberculosis and pestis secrete large amounts of plasmid-encoded proteins involved in virulence and called Yops. A 2 kb fragment of the pYVe227 plasmid from Yersinia enterocolitica 0:9 encoding Yop51 was sequenced. Gene yop51 was found to encode a 50,882 Da protein consisting of 468 amino acids. This protein shows 99% identity with Yop2b, its counterpart from Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII (pIB1), confirming that the virulence machinery is highly conserved among Yersinia spp. The homology stops abruptly 240 bp upstream and 175 bp downstream of the structural yop51 gene suggesting that all the sequences involved in the regulation of yop51 are located within the conserved region and confirming that the homology between the plasmids of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is made up of boxes of high homology. Gene yop51 is only transcribed at 37 degrees C from a VirF regulated promoter. This promoter was tentatively identified by determining the messenger transcriptional startpoint. The putative yop51 promoter resembles E. coli promoters despite the fact that it is not active in that species in the absence of VirF. A transcription terminator was found at the end of the gene while a second terminator was detected within the structural gene leading to premature termination of some of the messenger molecules. PMID- 3244312 TI - A cysteine for glycine substitution at position 1017 in an alpha 1(I) chain of type I collagen in a patient with mild dominantly inherited osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases of connective tissue manifested primarily by excessive fracturing of bone but associated with other abnormalities such as blue sclera, thin skin, herniae, ligamentous laxity, reduced stature and hearing loss. We report here molecular studies on a patient with the mild, dominantly inherited, variety of OI (OI type I) previously shown (Nicholls et al., 1984) to be heterozygous for an abnormal alpha 1(I) chain of type I collagen which contained cysteine near the carboxyl terminus (Steinmann et al., 1986). The cognate alpha 1(I) mRNA region was selected for generation of cDNAs which were subsequently amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned and sequenced. Two sequences were obtained, one of which corresponded to the normal allele, and the other of which harbored a G to T transversion and resulted in a cysteine for glycine substitution. This is the first single amino acid substitution found in type I OI. Surprisingly, the mutation occurs just outside the triple-helical region of the alpha 1(I) chain, a result that accounts for the strikingly different phenotypic and molecular consequences of this mutation as compared with similar cysteine for glycine substitutions within the same region. The PCR appears to be a useful approach for elucidation of structural mutations in collagen chains. PMID- 3244313 TI - The palm oil debate--health considerations. PMID- 3244314 TI - Inter-individual differences in response to cardiovascular drug therapy. PMID- 3244315 TI - Autologous blood transfusion in cardiac surgery. PMID- 3244316 TI - Cardiovascular surgery between Makkah and Madinah. PMID- 3244317 TI - Drug addiction--current trends. PMID- 3244318 TI - Challenges ahead in clinical medicine. PMID- 3244319 TI - Trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 3244320 TI - Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses. PMID- 3244321 TI - Solitary thyroid nodule--experience in a district hospital. PMID- 3244322 TI - Thyrotoxicosis simulating lymphoma. A case report. PMID- 3244323 TI - Hairy cell leukemia. A case report. PMID- 3244324 TI - Acute stridor in childhood; retropharyngeal abscess. PMID- 3244325 TI - Foreign bodies in the laryngotracheobronchial tree. PMID- 3244326 TI - Guillain Barre syndrome. Three case reports. PMID- 3244327 TI - Leiomyoma of duodenum. A case report. PMID- 3244328 TI - Management and outcome of childhood meningitis in east Malaysia. PMID- 3244329 TI - Active tone and arteriolar responses to increased oxygen availability in the mesoappendix of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The goal of this study was to determine if active tone and arteriolar constriction in response to increased PO2 are enhanced in the mesenteric microcirculation of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) relative to normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. Diameters of arterioles, metarterioles, and precapillary arterioles were measured in the mesoappendix of anesthetized 12 15 week old SHR and WKY rats during superfusion with physiological salt solution equilibrated with either 0%, O2, 5% O2 or 10% O2, with 5% CO2-balance N2. Active tone was assessed by superfusion with 10(-4) M adenosine. Metarterioles of SHR constricted significantly more than those of WKY when superfusion solution PO2 was elevated, but vessel closure did not occur in response to elevated PO2 in either SHR or WKY. Arteriolar dilation in response to 10(-4) M adenosine was not significantly different in hypertensive and normotensive animals, suggesting that resting tone is not elevated in mesoappendix arterioles of SHR. Although metarterioles of SHR constricted significantly more than those of WKY in response to elevated PO2, an enhanced response of arterioles to increased oxygen availability does not appear to contribute to functional rarefaction (i.e., active vessel closure) of small arterioles in the mesenteric microcirculation of SHR. PMID- 3244330 TI - Microcirculatory effects of leukotrienes, LTC4 and LTD4, in rat cremaster muscle. AB - Studies were performed to determine the vasomotor effects of leukotrienes, LTC4 and LTD4, on rat cremaster third-order arterioles and the effects of PGE2 on arteriolar responsiveness to LTC4. Five to six week-old male rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (35 mg/kg) and the left cremaster muscle exteriorized and prepared for in vivo television microscopy. Measurement of changes in arteriolar internal diameters was performed with an electronic image shearing device under control conditions and during the topical administration of vasoactive substances before and after the suffusion, onto the surface of the cremaster muscle, of either indomethacin (IND, 10 ug/ml) or 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA, 20 ug/ml). LTC4 and LTD4 were found to evoke equivalent, dose-dependent arteriolar constrictions, in the dose range of 2 pg to 2 ng, and concomitant decreases in microvascular blood flow. The application of either IND or ETYA, to the cremaster muscle did not significantly effect control diameters nor the constrictor responses to leukotrienes. While the principal action of the two leukotrienes was vasoconstriction, small dilator responses were occasionally observed that were also not affected by IND or ETYA. PGE2 did not inhibit the arteriolar constrictor responses to LTC4. The current observations indicate that LTC4 and LTD4 are extremely potent arteriolar constrictor agents in skeletal muscle and that their vascular effects are not mediated or modulated by products of the cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 3244331 TI - Bradykinin-mediated edema formation is blocked by levorotatory but not dextrorotatory terbutaline. AB - The ability of the purified stereoisomers of the beta 2-receptor agonist terbutaline to block bradykinin-mediated increases in lymph flow and protein concentration was assessed in the canine forelimb perfused at constant arterial flow. Intra-arterial infusion of bradykinin (2 micrograms/min, n = 8) decreased forelimb arterial pressures but did not affect skin small vein pressure or systemic pressure. Lymph flow, protein concentration and protein transport were significantly increased. Intra-arterial infusion of 1-terbutaline (1 microgram/min, n = 9) decreased forelimb arterial pressures and systemic pressure but did not affect lymph parameters. Subsequent infusion of bradykinin during the continued infusion of 1-terbutaline failed to alter forelimb lymph parameters. Intra-arterial infusion of d-terbutaline (1 microgram/min, n = 11) did not alter vascular pressures or lymph parameters. Subsequent infusion of bradykinin during the continued infusion of d-terbutaline decreased forelimb arterial pressures and significantly increased lymph flow, protein concentration and protein transport. Intra-arterial infusion of a high dose (100 micrograms/min, n = 9) of d terbutaline significantly decreased forelimb arterial pressure but was likewise ineffective in blocking the increases in lymph parameters produced by subsequent bradykinin infusion. These data indicate that the beta 2-receptor agonistic and anti-permeability actions of terbutaline are found solely in the levorotatory enantiomer. PMID- 3244332 TI - [Diabetes and growth. An auxological follow-up of 36 diabetic children]. PMID- 3244333 TI - [Activity of the brown adipose tissue in children with type 1 diabetes]. PMID- 3244334 TI - [Considerations on forecasting [corrected] growth after cessation of oxandrolone therapy. PMID- 3244335 TI - [Proposal concerning neonatal craniometry]. PMID- 3244336 TI - [Research on possible aluminum contamination of commercial milk]. PMID- 3244337 TI - [CT and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum]. PMID- 3244338 TI - [Diagnostic problems in a case of Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 3244339 TI - [Prepuberal idiopathic gynecomastia]. PMID- 3244340 TI - [Body proportions in obesity during growth]. PMID- 3244341 TI - Low-level lead exposure, social class, and infant development. AB - A prospective cohort study was conducted to assess the association between early development and low-level prenatal and postnatal lead exposure. Infants' performance between 6 and 24 months on the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development declined with increasing concentration of lead in blood, but the decline varied with children's age at exposure, level of exposure, and socioeconomic status. Within the second year of life, the performance of children in lower socioeconomic strata was adversely affected at lower levels of prenatal exposure (blood lead levels of 6 to 7 micrograms/dl) than was the performance of children in higher socioeconomic strata. However, even the performance of these advantaged infants was lower when cord blood lead level exceeded 10 micrograms/dl, well below the figure currently regarded as the maximum permissable level for young children. Exploratory analyses suggested that early postnatal blood lead levels between 10 and 25 micrograms/dl were also associated with lower Mental Development Index scores, but only among children in lower socioeconomic strata. PMID- 3244342 TI - Long-term effects of chronic postnatal lead exposure on delayed spatial alternation in monkeys. AB - Two cohorts of monkeys chronically exposed to lead during the first year after birth and their controls were tested during adulthood for choice accuracy on a learning and memory task, delayed spatial alternation (DSA). Neither cohort showed significant lead-related deficits, as had been seen in a previous experiment with monkeys exposed to similar chronic levels of lead during the first year with an additional high pulse given five-six weeks after birth (18,19). On the contrary, the lead-exposed monkeys in the present experiment actually performed slightly better than controls. In the previous (pulse-chronic) study, the deficit occurred at short intertrial delays, suggesting an attentional rather than mnenomic deficit. A lead-induced decrease in attentiveness could also explain the present results. The lower level lead intoxication may have decreased attentiveness to a lesser degree, so that the monkeys were less susceptible to irrelevant stimuli and performed better. PMID- 3244343 TI - The neurobehavioral effects of chronic styrene exposure in the rat. AB - Groups of rats were exposed by inhalation to either clear air (controls) or styrene monomer (STY) at 350, 700 or 1400 ppm for 16 hr/day, 5 days/week for 18 weeks. At preselected intervals, animals were evaluated for changes in: 1) spontaneous activity, 2) grip-strength, 3) coordinated hindlimb movement, 4) performance on a discrete-trial two-choice visual discrimination task, and 5) peripheral nerve conduction velocity. Compared to controls, STY-treated rats showed a mild but somewhat inconsistent reduction in activity and gripstrength during the course of exposure. Coordinated movement and peripheral nerve conduction time were unaffected. With respect to discrimination performance, exposure on Day 1 produced marked deficits in response speed and accuracy. By Day 2, deficits in discrimination performance were reduced by greater than 50% and the performance of STY-treated rats continued to improve as exposure continued. Finally, during the last weeks of exposure, the performance of STY-treated rats was equivalent to that of controls and no styrene-related deficits could be measured in the postexposure period. PMID- 3244344 TI - Ototoxicity of toluene in rats. AB - Toluene is a major industrial solvent and substance of abuse which is ototoxic in rats as shown by both behavioral testing and measurement of brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) thresholds. The objective of this investigation was to examine the morphological (hair cell loss) and functional (BAER threshold elevations) changes resulting from toluene administration. In the preliminary experiment, 5 male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed by gavage to 0.5 ml toluene/kg body weight/day in corn oil for 21 days then consecutively to 1.0 ml toluene/kg/day for 21 days. In the main experiment, eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed by gavage for eight weeks with 1.0 ml toluene/kg body weight/day in corn oil. Five and six control rats, respectively, received corn oil only. BAER thresholds were recorded from four toluene-treated and four control rats prior to dosing (main experiment) and from all rats after dosing (both experiments). Loss of outer hair cells occurred in all toluene-treated rats in the middle and basal turns of the organ of Corti, with the greatest loss in the third row and progressively less in the second and first rows. This loss was more severe in toluene-treated rats that demonstrated elevated BAER thresholds in midfrequency regions, typically 2-8 kHz. These experiments demonstrate that auditory changes are associated with cochlear hair cell loss in toluene-treated rats. These ototoxic effects of toluene contrast with those of other known ototoxicants, e.g., aminoglycoside antibiotics, in terms of the position of hair cell lesion in the organ of Corti and in the pattern of hair cell loss. PMID- 3244345 TI - Toxicity of aldicarb in young chicks. AB - Enzyme and locomotion changes due to carbamate treatment were investigated during and following oral administration of aldicarb (0.2 mg/kg body weight/day x 7) to six-day-old chicks. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neurotoxic esterase (NTE) were measured at three times during the one week of treatment, and again on days 1, 3, 6, 10, 20, 30 and 40 after the last dose. Gait analysis was evaluated on each posttreatment day at which the biochemical assays were performed. Multiple doses of aldicarb resulted in a significant reduction in the weight of the treated chicks beginning 6 days after the last treatment. Treatment with aldicarb had no significant effect on brain NTE during or after dosing. The AChE levels in treated chicks were significantly lower than those of controls only 24 hr after the first dose. Significant alterations in the locomotion of the chicks was seen from day 1 until day 40 after last treatment. Treated chicks had significantly shorter stride length, longer stride width and wider sine of the angle of placement than the controls. This study demonstrated that repeated exposure to aldicarb altered locomotion of the chicks for several weeks after cessation of exposure with no significant esterases inhibition, indicating that behavioral alterations due to pesticide exposure need not be associated with enzyme changes. PMID- 3244346 TI - Copper-carbohydrate interaction in maternal, fetal and neonate rat. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine whether the same type of interaction between dietary fructose and copper that affects young growing male rats also affects the fetus and the neonate. Female rats were fed copper deficient (0.6 microgram Cu/g) or adequate (6.0 micrograms/g) diets containing 62% carbohydrate as fructose or starch either for 8 weeks prior to conception, and during mating, gestation and lactation, or just during gestation. Fetuses were killed at days 14, 18 or 21 of gestation and newborn pups were killed at days 0, 10, or 21 postpartum. Regardless of the duration of dietary copper deprivation, feeding the fructose diet deficient in copper during pregnancy resulted in either fetal resorption or mortality of all newborn pups during the first few hours postpartum. In contrast, copper-deficient rats fed the starch containing diets delivered live pups. However, 40% of their pups died during the first 2 days postpartum and occurred only when dams had been fed the deficient diet for 12-13 weeks. When fed the deficient diet for a total of 3 weeks only, during pregnancy, all copper-deficient rats fed starch delivered live pups and no mortality occurred during the lactation period. Feeding the copper-adequate fructose diet during lactation resulted in a lower hepatic copper concentration of suckling pups compared with starch feeding. Female pups had higher levels of copper and iron than male pups. The data show that fetal resorption and mortality of the neonate pup was dependent on the type of dietary carbohydrate fed to copper-deficient animals during pregnancy. PMID- 3244347 TI - Behavioral effects of acute p-xylene inhalation in rats: autoshaping, motor activity, and reversal learning. AB - p-Xylene is a ubiquitous solvent and chemical precursor used in industry, gasoline, and household products. While the population at risk for exposure is thus quite large, little is known about its neurobehavioral effects. To evaluate the possibility that p-xylene affects cognitive behavior, male Long-Evans hooded rats inhaled p-xylene at concentrations of 0 or 1600 ppm, 4 hr per day for 1 to 5 days, and were evaluated after exposure on two learning tasks and a test of motor activity. Autoshaping was carried out across 5 successive days with p-xylene exposure in the morning followed by testing in the afternoon. For this test, the retraction of a single response lever on a variable-time 35-sec schedule was followed by delivery of a food pellet. When the force required to depress the lever was low (0.10 N), response acquisition was faster in animals having inhaled 1600 ppm p-xylene than in air-exposed controls. When the force was increased to 0.20 N, however, p-xylene-exposed rats acquired the response no faster than controls. In contrast, inhaled p-xylene at 1600 ppm suppressed response rates in an automaintained reversal learning paradigm without affecting reversal rate. Studies of motor activity showed that while vertically-directed activity was unaffected by p-xylene, horizontally-directed activity was increased by about 30% for the first 15 min of each daily 25-min test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244348 TI - Effect of colchicine on micturition reflex in rats. AB - Intracerebral or intraspinal cord, but not intraperitoneal, injection of low doses of colchicine in rats induces specific toxic symptoms. This paper deals in particular with the effect of colchicine on micturition. After the injection of 5 25 micrograms/rat in cerebral ventricle or 2.5-20 micrograms/rat intraspinal cord, bladder content was markedly increased, due to a dramatic urine retention. Time of latency of vesical retention was related to the dose and to the route of colchicine administration. Cystometrographic analyses were performed in control and treated rats at various intervals of time after the injection: bladder tone, as expressed by the delta P/delta V ratio, monitored from 12 to 120 hr after colchicine injection, decreased more and more during time, suggesting that the observed vesical hypotonicity is an irreversible phenomenon. PMID- 3244349 TI - Fast skeletal muscle-specific expression of a quail troponin I gene in transgenic mice. AB - We have produced seven lines of transgenic mice carrying the quail gene encoding the fast skeletal muscle-specific isoform of troponin I (TnIf). The quail DNA included the entire TnIf gene, 530 base pairs of 5'-flanking DNA, and 1.5 kilobase pairs of 3'-flanking DNA. In all seven transgenic lines, normally initiated and processed quail TnIf mRNA was expressed in skeletal muscle, where it accumulated to levels comparable to that in quail muscle. Moreover, in the three lines tested, quail TnIf mRNA levels were manyfold higher in a fast skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) than in a slow skeletal muscle (soleus). We conclude that the cellular mechanisms directing muscle fiber type-specific TnIf gene expression are mediated by cis-regulatory elements present on the introduced quail DNA fragment and that they control TnIf expression by affecting the accumulation of TnIf mRNA. These elements have been functionally conserved since the evolutionary divergence of birds and mammals, despite the major physiological and morphological differences existing between avian (tonic) and mammalian (twitch) slow muscles. In lines of transgenic mice carrying multiple tandemly repeated copies of the transgene, an aberrant quail TnIf transcript (differing from normal TnIf mRNA upstream of exon 2) also accumulated in certain tissues, particularly lung, brain, spleen, and heart tissues. However, this aberrant transcript was not detected in a transgenic line which carries only a single copy of the quail gene. PMID- 3244350 TI - Mitochondrial import and processing of mutant human ornithine transcarbamylase precursors in cultured cells. AB - We have investigated mitochondrial import and processing of the precursor for human ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC; carbamoylphosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3) in HeLa cells stably transformed with cDNA sequences encoding OTC precursors carrying mutations in their leader peptides. The mutant precursors studied included two with amino acid substitutions in the 32-amino-acid leader peptide (glycine for arginine at position 23, designated gly23; glycines for arginines at positions 15, 23, and 26, designated gly15,23,26) and two with deletions (deletion of residues 8 to 22, designated d8 22; deletion of residues 17 to 32, designated N16). Specific immunoprecipitation with anti-OTC antiserum of extracts of L-[35S]methionine-labeled cells expressing these mutations yielded only precursor species; neither mature nor intermediate size OTC subunits were observed. Fractionation of radiolabeled cells, however, revealed important differences among the various mutants: the gly23 precursor was associated with mitochondria and was not detected in the cytosol; the d8-22 and N16 precursors were found with both the mitochondrial fraction and the cytosol; only the gly15,23,26 precursor was detected exclusively in the cytosol. A large fraction of each of the mitochondrially associated OTC species was in a trypsin protected compartment. In particular, the gly23 precursor behaved in trypsin protection and mitochondrial fractionation studies in a manner consistent with its translocation into the mitochondrial matrix. On the other hand, the lack of binding of the gly23 protein to a delta-N-phosphonoacetyl-L-ornithine affinity column, which specifically recognizes active OTC enzyme, indicated that, despite its intramitochondrial location, the mutant protein did not assemble into the normal, active trimer. Further, the gly23 mutant precursor was unstable within the mitochondria and was degraded with a t1/2 of less further than 4 h. Thus, we have shown that, in intact HeLa cells, cleavage of the OTC leader peptide is not required for translocation into mitochondria, but is required for assembly into active enzyme. PMID- 3244351 TI - Identification of protein-binding sites in the hepatitis B virus enhancer and core promoter domains. AB - We have investigated the role of liver-specific trans-acting factor(s) in the regulation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene expression. A recorder plasmid (pEcoAluCAT; HBV nucleotides 1 through 1878) was constructed containing the HBV enhancer and the promoter region of the pregenomic RNA, which was ligated to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Upon transfecting this plasmid into various cell lines, the CAT gene was expressed only in cells of liver origin. Moreover, competition cotransfections with pEcoAluCAT and plasmids containing HBV enhancer sequences in human hepatoblastoma-derived HepG2 cells indicated the presence of titratable trans-acting factor(s) in these cells. Gel mobility shift assays using HBV enhancer and core promoter domains confirmed the existence of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins in liver cell nuclear extract which bound to these regions. These binding sites encompass 17- and 12-nucleotide palindromes in the HBV enhancer and core promoter domains, respectively, when mapped by the methylation interference assay. PMID- 3244352 TI - Amplified DNAs in laboratory stocks of Leishmania tarentolae: extrachromosomal circles structurally and functionally similar to the inverted-H-region amplification of methotrexate-resistant Leishmania major. AB - We describe the structure of amplified DNA that was discovered in two laboratory stocks of the protozoan parasite Leishmania tarentolae. Restriction mapping and molecular cloning revealed that a region of 42 kilobases was amplified 8- to 30 fold in these lines. Southern blot analyses of digested DNAs or chromosomes separated by pulsed-field electrophoresis showed that the amplified DNA corresponded to the H region, a locus defined originally by its amplification in methotrexate-resistant Leishmania major (S. M. Beverley, J. A. Coderre, D. V. Santi, and R. T. Schimke, Cell 38:431-439, 1984). Similarities between the amplified DNA of the two species included (i) extensive cross-hybridization; (ii) approximate conservation of sequence order; (iii) extrachromosomal localization; (iv) an overall inverted, head-to-head configuration as a circular 140-kilobase tetrameric molecule; (v) two regions of DNA sequence rearrangement, each of which was closely associated with the two centers of the inverted repeats; (vi) association with methotrexate resistance; and (vii) phenotypically conservative amplification, in which the wild-type chromosomal arrangement was retained without apparent modification. Our data showed that amplified DNA mediating drug resistance arose in unselected L. tarentolae, although the pressures leading to apparently spontaneous amplification and maintenance of the H region are not known. The simple structure and limited extent of DNA amplified in these and other Leishmania lines suggests that the study of gene amplification in Leishmania spp. offers an attractive model system for the study of amplification in cultured mammalian cells and tumors. We also introduced a method for measuring the size of large circular DNAs, using gamma-irradiation to introduce limited double-strand breaks followed by sizing of the linear DNAs by pulsed-field electrophoresis. PMID- 3244353 TI - The development expression of the rat alpha-vascular and gamma-enteric smooth muscle isoactins: isolation and characterization of a rat gamma-enteric actin cDNA. AB - We have isolated and characterized two cDNA clones from whole rat stomach, pRV alpha A-19 and pRE gamma A-11, which are specific for the alpha-vascular and gamma-enteric smooth muscle isoactins, respectively. The rat gamma-enteric smooth muscle actin contains a single amino acid substitution of a proline for a glutamine at position 359 of the mature peptide when compared with the chicken gizzard gamma-actin sequence (J. Vandekerckhove and K. Weber, FEBS Lett. 102:219, 1979). Sequence comparisons of the 5' and 3' untranslated (UT) regions of the two smooth muscle actin cDNAs demonstrate that these regions contain no apparent sequence similarities. Additional comparisons of the 5' UT regions of the two smooth muscle actin cDNAs to all other known actin sequences reveal no apparent sequence similarities for the rat gamma-enteric isoactin within the 15 base pairs of sequence currently available, while the rat alpha-vascular isoactin contains two separate sequences which are similar to sequences within the 5' UT regions of the human and chicken alpha-vascular actin genes. A similar comparison of the 3' UT regions of the two smooth muscle actins demonstrates that the alpha-vascular isoactins do not contain the high degree of cross-species sequence conservation observed for the other isoactins and that the gamma-enteric isoactin contains an inverted sequence of 52 nucleotides which is similar to a sequence found within the 3' UT regions of the human, chicken, and rat beta-cytoplasmic isoactins. These observations complicate the apparent cross-species conservation of isotype specificity of these domains previously observed for the other actin isoforms. Northern blot analysis of day 15 rat embryos and newborn, day 19 postbirth, and adult rats demonstrates that the day 15 rat embryo displays low to undetectable levels of smooth muscle isoactin mRNA expression. By birth, the stomach and small intestine show dramatic increases in alpha-vascular and gamma-enteric actin expression. These initially high levels of expression decrease through day 19 to adulthood. In the adult rat, the uterus and aorta differ in their content of smooth muscle isoactin mRNA. These results demonstrate that the gamma-enteric and alpha-vascular isoactin mRNAs are coexpressed to various degrees in tissues which contain smooth muscle. PMID- 3244354 TI - Stepwise activation of the mouse acetylcholine receptor delta- and gamma-subunit genes in clonal cell lines. AB - We used the DNase I-hypersensitive sites around the mouse acetylcholine receptor delta-subunit gene as a guide toward the cloning and sequencing of delta and gamma transcriptional regulatory regions and as a means to assess chromatin structural activation of the delta- and gamma-subunit genes during myogenesis. Genomic cloning of hypersensitive sites downstream of the delta-subunit gene revealed the presence of the gamma-subunit gene approximately 5 kilobases away; the hypersensitive sites mapped to the 5' end of the gamma-subunit gene. Sequence comparison of restriction fragments containing hypersensitive sites in analogous locations at the 5' ends of the delta- and gamma-subunit genes uncovered little overall homology between the two genomic fragments; however, an 11- of 13-base pair match between the two sequences was found. Homologs to this sequence were also found to be present in the upstream regions of the chicken alpha- and mouse beta-subunit genes. By RNase protection and primer extension analyses, the delta subunit gene transcription start site was mapped to 56 base pairs upstream of the initiator ATG codon. Clonal cell lines with various potentials to differentiate to the skeletal muscle phenotype were examined for their hypersensitive site pattern within the delta-gamma locus. Only remote hypersensitive sites flanking the locus appear in pluripotential mesodermal cells. A cell line of determined but inducible myoblasts expressed only one more intergenic site, while in permissively differentiating myoblasts hypersensitive sites were already present at the 5' ends of the delta and gamma genes prior to differentiation. Terminal differentiation resulted in an identical pattern of hypersensitive sites in all muscle cell lines examined so far, with an intergenic site near the gamma-subunit gene being the only site specific to the differentiated muscle phenotype. PMID- 3244355 TI - The dihydrofolate reductase amplicons in different methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster cell lines share at least a 273-kilobase core sequence, but the amplicons in some cell lines are much larger and are remarkably uniform in structure. AB - We have previously cloned and characterized two different dihydrofolate reductase amplicon types from a methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHOC 400). The largest of these (the type I amplicon) is 273 kilobases (kb) in length. In the present study, we utilized clones from the type I amplicon as probes to analyze the size and variability of the amplified DNA sequences in five other independently isolated methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster cell lines. Our data indicated that the predominant amplicon types in all but one of these cell lines are larger than the 273-kb type I sequence. In-gel renaturation experiments as well as hybridization analysis of large SfiI fragments separated by pulse-field gradient gel electrophoresis showed that two highly resistant cell lines (A3 and MK42) have amplified very homogeneous core sequences that are estimated to be at least 583 and 653 kb in length, respectively. Thus, the sizes of the major amplicon types can be different in different drug-resistant Chinese hamster cell lines. However, there appears to be less heterogeneity in size and sequence arrangement within a given methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster cell line than has been reported for several other examples of DNA sequence amplification in mammalian systems. PMID- 3244356 TI - Transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms regulate murine thymidine kinase gene expression in serum-stimulated cells. AB - We previously isolated and characterized the structure of murine thymidine kinase (tk) genomic and cDNA sequences to begin a study designed to identify regions of the tk gene important for regulated expression during the transition of cells from G0 to a proliferating state. In this report, we describe the stable transfection of the cloned gene into L-M(TK-) cells and show that both thymidine kinase (TK) enzyme activity and DNA synthesis increase in parallel when transfectants in G0 arrest are stimulated by serum. To define promoter and regulatory regions more precisely, we have constructed a series of tk minigenes and have examined their expression in stable transfectants after serum stimulation. We have identified a 291-base-pair DNA fragment at the 5' end of the tk gene that has promoter function, and we have determined its sequence. In addition, we have found that DNA sequences which mediate serum-induced expression of TK are transcribed, since expression of the murine tk cDNA, fused to a promoter from either the murine tk gene, the simian virus 40 early region, or the herpes simplex virus tk gene, is stimulated by serum. Our constructs also reveal that the murine tk polyadenylation signal is not required for regulation, nor is most of the 3' untranslated region. RNA dot blot analysis indicates that murine cytoplasmic tk mRNA levels always parallel TK enzyme activity. Nuclear runon transcription assays show less than a 2-fold increase in transcription from the cloned tk gene in serum-stimulated transfectants, but an 11-fold increase in mouse L929 cells, which are inherently TK+. These results taken together suggest that the murine tk gene is controlled in serum-stimulated cells by a transcriptional mechanism influenced by DNA sequences that flank tk and also by a posttranscriptional system linked to gene sequences that are transcribed. PMID- 3244357 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptor-binding sites on the chicken vitellogenin II gene: synergism of steroid hormone action. AB - The chicken vitellogenin II gene is transcriptionally activated by estrogens. In transient transfection experiments in human T47D cells that contain receptors for various steroids, we showed estradiol, progestin, and androgen responses of a chimeric chicken vitellogenin II construct. This construct consists of DNA sequences from -626 to -590 upstream of the start of transcription of the chicken vitellogenin gene linked to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter driving the transcription of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. Treatment of the transfected T47D cells with a combination of estradiol and the progestin R5020 led to a superinduction of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity, showing a synergistic action of these two steroids. This synergism was not observed upon treatment of the transfected cells with estradiol and the androgen dihydrotestosterone. Using point mutations in the vitellogenin gene fragment, we showed in functional and in in vitro DNase I footprinting assays with a purified progesterone receptor that, for the synergistic action of estradiol and R5020 to occur, the progesterone receptor must be bound to the vitellogenin gene fragment. The progesterone receptor-binding site was localized at -610 to -590, close to the consensus sequence (-626 to -613) for estrogen receptor binding and function. We therefore demonstrate here that two different steroid hormones can be functionally synergistic through the interaction of their corresponding receptors with two different binding sites adjacent to one another. PMID- 3244359 TI - Transcription termination at the chicken beta H-globin gene. AB - We characterized the transcription termination region of the chicken beta H globin gene. First we located the region by nuclear runon transcription in vitro. Then we sequenced and subcloned it into a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expression vector for assay in vivo. The region of beta H termination contains two interesting elements located about 1 kilobase downstream of the beta H gene poly(A) site. Either element alone can block CAT expression if inserted between the promoter and the poly(A) site of the cat gene in pRSVcat. The first element in the termination region is an unusually large inverted repeat in the DNA (delta G = -71 kcal). The second element, 200 base pairs further downstream, is an RNA polymerase II promoter which directs transcription back upstream on the complementary strand. This transcription converges on and collides with that from the beta H gene at or near the inverted repeat where transcription from both directions stops. We propose that the inverted repeat is a strong pause site which positions the converging polymerases for mutual site-specific termination. PMID- 3244360 TI - Matrix attachment regions are positioned near replication initiation sites, genes, and an interamplicon junction in the amplified dihydrofolate reductase domain of Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Genomic DNA in higher eucaryotic cells is organized into a series of loops, each of which may be affixed at its base to the nuclear matrix via a specific matrix attachment region (MAR). In this report, we describe the distribution of MARs within the amplified dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) domain (amplicon) in the methotrexate-resistant CHO cell line CHOC 400. In one experimental protocol, matrix-attached and loop DNA fractions were prepared from matrix-halo structures by restriction digestion and were analyzed for the distribution of amplicon sequences between the two fractions. A second, in vitro method involved the specific binding to the matrix of cloned DNA fragments from the amplicon. Both methods of analysis detected a MAR in the replication initiation locus that we have previously defined in the DHFR amplicon, as well as in the 5'-flanking region of the DHFR gene. The first of these methods also suggests the presence of a MAR in a region mapping approximately 120 kilobases upstream from the DHFR gene. Each of these MARs was detected regardless of whether the matrix-halo structures were prepared by the high-salt or the lithium 3,5-diiodosalicylate extraction protocols, arguing against their artifactual association with the proteinaceous scaffolding of the nucleus during isolation procedures. However, the in vitro binding assay did not detect the MAR located 120 kilobases upstream from the DHFR gene but did detect specific matrix attachment of a sequence near the junction between amplicons. The results of these experiments suggest that (i) MARs can occur next to different functional elements in the genome, with the result that a DNA loop formed between two MARs can be smaller than a replicon; and (ii) different methods of analysis detect a somewhat different spectrum of matrix-attached DNA fragments. PMID- 3244358 TI - Regulatory myosin light-chain genes of Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - We have cloned and analyzed the Caenorhabditis elegans regulatory myosin light chain genes. C. elegans contains two such genes, which we have designated mlc-1 and mlc-2. The two genes are separated by 2.6 kilobases and are divergently transcribed. We determined the complete nucleotide sequences of both mlc-1 and mlc-2. A single, conservative amino acid substitution distinguishes the sequences of the two proteins. The C. elegans proteins are strongly homologous to regulatory myosin light chains of Drosophila melanogaster and vertebrates and weakly homologous to a superfamily of eucaryotic calcium-binding proteins. Both mlc-1 and mlc-2 encode abundant mRNAs. We mapped the 5' termini of these transcripts by using primer extension sequencing of mRNA templates. mlc-1 mRNAs initiate within conserved hexanucleotides at two different positions, located at 28 and -38 relative to the start of translation. The 5' terminus of mlc-2 mRNA is not encoded in the 4.8-kilobase genomic region upstream of mlc-2. Rather, mlc-2 mRNA contains at its 5' end a short, untranslated leader sequence that is identical to the trans-spliced leader sequence of three C. elegans actin genes. PMID- 3244361 TI - Prolactin upstream factor I mediates cell-specific transcription. AB - DNA sequence-specific chromatography was used to purify prolactin upstream factor I (PUF-I) approximately 10,000- to 20,000-fold from rat GH3 cells. The purified transcription factor reconstituted enhanced pituitary-specific prolactin RNA synthesis in nonpituitary in vitro transcription assays. In vitro mutagenesis demonstrated that the capacity to stimulate prolactin gene transcription was directly correlated with PUF-I binding to an A+T-rich region located from -63 to 36 in the prolactin 5'-flanking DNA. We propose that PUF-I is a critical modulator of transcriptional activity in pituitary cells and has a central role in the stimulation of prolactin gene transcription in the mammalian pituitary lactotroph. PMID- 3244362 TI - The major inducible heat shock protein hsp68 is not required for acquisition of thermal resistance in mouse plasmacytoma cell lines. AB - In mouse cells, the major inducible heat shock protein is a protein of 68,000 daltons (hsp68). We have previously shown that mouse plasmacytomas do not express hsp68. We have now made use of these natural mutants to assess the contribution of hsp68 to acquired thermotolerance. An endpoint limiting dilution assay was used to quantify cell survival to lethal stresses. Two test plasmacytoma cell lines (C1.18.1 and J558) and an hsp68-positive myeloma, XC1.1/51, used as a control, were examined. All showed recovery when pretreated for 10 min at 44 degrees C 2 h before exposure to otherwise lethal stresses of 1 to 4 h at 43 degrees C. Similar results were obtained with the Friend erythroleukemia line D1B, which we have also shown not to express hsp68. These results indicate that hsp68 is not required for protection against thermal stresses in mouse cells. PMID- 3244363 TI - Silk gland-specific tRNA(Ala) genes are tightly clustered in the silkworm genome. AB - To understand the basis for tissue-specific production and accumulation of alanine tRNA in silkworms, we have examined the organization of the genes that code for silk gland-specific and constitutive alanine tRNAs. We have found that all of the silk gland-specific tRNA(Ala) genes (approximately 20) appear to be tightly clustered at a single locus in the Bombyx genome. These genes are arranged in tandem at intervals of approximately 150 base pairs. In contrast to the arrangement of the silk gland-specific tRNA(Ala) genes, most of the 20 to 30 constitutive tRNA(Ala) genes are dispersed in the genome. Silk gland-specific tRNA(Ala) genes are not amplified or grossly rearranged in the silk gland. Thus it is likely that differential transcription, rather than changes in gene number or structure, accounts for the tissue-specific accumulation of tRNA(Ala). PMID- 3244364 TI - Effect of c-myc gene expression on early inducible reactions required for erythroid differentiation in vitro. AB - By employing cell fusion between two genetically marked mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells in which an artificially introduced c-myc gene had been placed under the control of human metallothionein promoter, we investigated the mechanism of the suppressive action of c-myc gene expression in erythroid differentiation. The results indicated that the expression of the c-myc gene blocked the induction of dimethyl sulfoxide-inducible activity, one of the two early activities required for triggering the differentiation. PMID- 3244365 TI - Isolation and characterization of a cDNA that encodes mouse fibroblast tropomyosin isoform 2. AB - We isolated and characterized a cDNA clone encoding tropomyosin isoform 2 (TM2) from a mouse fibroblast cDNA library. TM2 was found to contain 284 amino acids and was closely related to the rat smooth and skeletal muscle alpha-TMs and the human fibroblast TM3. The amino acid sequence of TM2 showed a nearly complete match with that of human fibroblast TM3 except for the region from amino acids 189 to 213, the sequence of which was identical to those of rat smooth and skeletal muscle alpha-TMs. These results suggest that TM2 is expressed from the same gene that encodes the smooth muscle alpha-TM, the skeletal muscle alpha-TM, and TM3 via an alternative RNA-splicing mechanism. Comparison of the expression of TM2 mRNA in low-metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma P29 cells and high-metastatic D6 cells revealed that it was significantly less in D6 cells than in P29 cells, supporting our previous observations (K. Takenaga, Y. Nakamura, and S. Sakiyama, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:3934-3937, 1988) at the protein level. PMID- 3244366 TI - Developmental and tissue-specific expression of U4 small nuclear RNA genes. AB - U4 RNA is one of several small nuclear RNAs involved in the splicing of mRNA precursors. The domestic chicken has two genes per haploid genome that are capable of encoding U4 RNA. The U4X RNA gene (which encodes a sequence variant of U4 RNA that was unknown prior to the cloning of the gene) and the U4B RNA gene were both expressed in vivo in each of seven adult and three embryonic chicken tissues examined. However, the ratio of U4B RNA to U4X RNA can vary more than sevenfold in both a tissue- and stage-specific manner. PMID- 3244367 TI - U2 small nuclear RNA is remarkably conserved between Schizosaccharomyces pombe and mammals. AB - We report the molecular cloning and sequencing of the most abundant trimethylguanosine-capped small nuclear RNA from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a highly conserved homolog of mammalian U2 small nuclear RNA. This RNA is 186 nucleotides in length, just 2 nucleotides shorter than its human counterpart; this is in contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae U2, which is 1,175 nucleotides long. Moreover, the secondary structure of Schizosaccharomyces pombe U2 is virtually identical to that of mammalian U2, including the 3' half of the RNA, which shows limited primary sequence identity. Northern (RNA) blot analysis revealed that the size of this RNA is conserved not only in fission yeasts but in many organisms, including other ascomycetes. PMID- 3244368 TI - Chemical composition of bacillus spores. PMID- 3244369 TI - Prenataltoxicological study of rapeseed meal and of the fungicide maneb in dependence of maternal ages. PMID- 3244370 TI - Quality of zabadi made from cow's milk fortified with whey and soy proteins. AB - Zabadi was made from cow's milk incorporated with 10, 20 and 30% whey protein concentrate (WPC) or 2, 4 and 6% soy protein concentrate (SPC). Addition of WPC up to 20% or SPC up to 4% to cow's milk improved the consistency and flavour of the resultant zabadi and also increased its total solids, total protein, acidity, total volatile fatty acids and soluble nitrogen contents. When WPC was added to cow's milk at a level of 20% together with SPC at a level of 2% the best quality zabadi was obtained. PMID- 3244371 TI - UV spectroscopy studies of the oxidation changes in depot and structural lipids in high-fat feeding. AB - The degree of incorporation of conjugated dienes, trienes and tetraenes into reserve (depot fats) and structural liver lipids of rats is studied depending on the type of high-fat feeding (50 energy%): lard, lard + sunflower oil (2:1), butter, hydrogenated sunflower oil. It is found that in adipose tissue there are only conjugated dienes whose concentration is lower than that of lipids of the respective diets and of the liver. Structural lipids are characterized by a high concentration of conjugated tri- and tetraenes. It is established that the fatty acid compositions of the diets and their oxidizability coefficients, respectively, do not correlate with the degree of accumulation of conjugated fatty acid structures in living organisms. The disequilibrated high-fat regimens based on butter and partially hydrogenated sunflower oil create conditions for more intensive incorporation of oxidized fatty acid products into the tissues. PMID- 3244372 TI - Penetration of malonic dialdehyde on filtration of tobacco smoke. AB - It has been found that malonic dialdehyde penetrates through the filters of cigarettes. The filter cigarettes, such as "Club", "F6", "Cabinet", "Semper" and "Kenton" as well as non-filter cigarettes, namely "Salem", "Real" and "Karo" generate malonic dialdehyde during smoking, in amounts ranging from 15.6 to 44.3 mg/kg, i.e. from 20.4 to 44.3 mg/kg for cigarettes with filters and from 15.6 to 27.1 mg/kg for non-filter cigarettes. PMID- 3244373 TI - [The effect of azoxybenzene on microsomal liver enzymes in the rat]. AB - Oral administrations of azoxybenzene (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) over a period up to 7 days caused a time and dose dependent decrease in the amount of cytochrome P-450 as well as in the ability of aminopyrine-N-demethylation and aniline hydroxylation in the hepatic microsomes of male and female rats. In both sexes there were retardations in the body weight gain and increases in the relative weight of the liver. The amount of the microsomal cytochrome b5 was increased. PMID- 3244374 TI - Sex dependent differences in trace element levels in rat tissues. PMID- 3244375 TI - [The nickel content of food]. AB - Using adsorption-voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry, the author determined the nickel contents in 933 foodstuff-samples (market samples from a highly industrialized region of the GDR). The values found agreed well with data from the literature. The weekly nickel intake via foodstuffs is about 1,05 mg per person. PMID- 3244376 TI - Effect of interesterified dietary fat mixtures on various lipid indices and liver metal content of rats in fat-metabolism disturbance. AB - Adult male and female Wistar rats were fed isoenergetically for a 6 week period with a lipogenic diet containing a 20% fat mixture which caused fat-metabolism disturbance. One group consumed the mixture of sunflower oil and lard in a ratio of 0.91 P/S, the other group the interesterified form of the same mixture. The linoleic acid content of the mixtures was 0.4%. The fat mixture of the third group's diet was adjusted with soya oil to a linoleic-acid content of 0.8%. The results were compared to the control data obtained in rats fed with a normal diet. The changes in various lipid indices of the serum and the liver and the levels of some metals in the liver were analysed. It was found that; in comparison to the control on the effect of the lipogenic diet the total lipid and cholesterol contents of the serum increased significantly in all groups (a significantly higher value being observed for the females than for the males) whereas the HDL-C content decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244377 TI - Application of a new spectrophotometric method for zinc determination in beverages and condiments. AB - A new spectrophotometric method has been applied to the determination of zinc in bottled mineral water (with and without gas), refreshments, vinegar, and table salt. The method introduces the 1-[di-(2-pyridyl)-methylidene]-5-(salicylidene) thiocarbo hydrazone (DPST) as chromogenic reagent. This procedure is simple, rapid, reproducible and does not demand costly outfit and chemicals. PMID- 3244378 TI - Residues of clopyralide (3,6-dichloropicolinic acid) in strawberries and their changes. AB - Residues of clopyralide in strawberries treated with herbicide preparation Lontrel 300 were determined using gas chromatographic method. The decrease of clopyralide content during the processing of contaminated fruits was observed. The rate of decomposition of this compound in model solutions (held at 75 degrees C, pH 3.6) followed first-order kinetics. 2,5-dicloropyridine was proved to originate under these conditions from parent compound. PMID- 3244379 TI - Biochemical studies of some non conventional sources of protein. Part 4. The proteins of mango waste stone kernels. AB - The gross chemical composition, protein content and amino acid composition of mango stone kernels of four Egyptian varieties (Ewsi, Hendi, Fonso and Timour) were investigated. Carbohydrates are the main components of the seed. The protein content varies between 5.0 and 7.2% and the ether extract ranged from 10.8% to 13.6%. High glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine content and low concentration of sulfur-containing amino acids are characteristic for the proteins of mango kernels. Lysine level is also low, the concentration of other essential amino acids is acceptable. Sulfur-containing amino acids are the first limiting ones followed by lysine and threonine. PMID- 3244380 TI - The measurement of norepinephrine clearance and spillover rate into plasma in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The clearance of norepinephrine from plasma and the spillover rate of norepinephrine into plasma were determined in conscious unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats by measuring the concentrations of 3H norepinephrine and norepinephrine in arterial plasma after 90 min of i.v. infusion with 3H-norepinephrine. In 50 conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with saline (control animals), the following basal values were obtained: plasma norepinephrine concentration = 149 +/- 5 pg/ml; plasma epinephrine concentration = 61 +/- 4 pg/ml; norepinephrine clearance = 188 +/- 4 ml min-1 kg 1; and norepinephrine spillover rate = 27.5 +/- 0.8 ng min-1 kg-1. A significant portion of infused 3H-norepinephrine appeared to be cleared from the plasma by the uptake1 process, since desipramine decreased norepinephrine clearance by 32%. The vasodilating agents hydralazine and minoxidil produced dose-related increases in norepinephrine spillover rate and plasma norepinephrine concentration, but the percent increases in norepinephrine spillover rate exceeded the percent increases in plasma norepinephrine concentration because of concomitant increases in norepinephrine clearance, particularly after treatment with minoxidil. The increase in norepinephrine clearance caused by hydralazine and minoxidil probably resulted from the increase in cardiac output and resultant increase in hepatic and/or pulmonary blood flow. Adrenal secretion of norepinephrine did not appear to contribute to the elevation in norepinephrine spillover rate elicited by hydralazine and minoxidil. Chlorisondamine suppressed norepinephrine spillover rate by 77%, in association with a 70% decline in plasma epinephrine concentration, whereas bretylium lowered norepinephrine spillover rate by only 41%, with no change in plasma epinephrine concentration. The decrements in norepinephrine clearance caused by chlorisondamine (-23%) and bretylium (-15%) were more or less proportional to the magnitude of the vasodepression caused by these drugs. Both norepinephrine spillover rate and clearance fell in a dose related fashion after treatment with clonidine. After treatment with the sympathoinhibitory agents chlorisondamine, bretylium and clonidine, the percent decreases in norepinephrine spillover rate always exceeded the percent decreases in plasma norepinephrine concentration. Based on these observations, we conclude that norepinephrine spillover rate provides a more accurate measurement of the activity of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system than does plasma norepinephrine concentration in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 3244381 TI - Total body, systemic and pulmonary clearance and fractional extraction of unlabelled and differently 3H-labelled noradrenaline in the anaesthetized rabbit. AB - 1. Rabbits were anaesthetized with urethane/chloralose and infused intravenously with trace amounts of 3H-2,5,6-, 3H-7,8- or 3H-7-(-)noradrenaline either without or with unlabelled (-)noradrenaline being simultaneously infused (0.2 micrograms kg-1 min-1). To obtain clearance values and extraction ratios for the pulmonary, systemic and total circulation, steady-state concentrations of infused noradrenaline were determined in mixed central venous (Cv) and arterial (Ca) plasma. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded via the carotid artery, and the dye dilution method was used to determine the cardiac output of plasma. 2. The simultaneous infusion of unlabelled noradrenaline, which increased plasma levels of noradrenaline by a factor of 5, had no significant effect on either heart rate, blood pressure or cardiac output (when determined at steady state of the noradrenaline infusion). 3. The simultaneous infusion of unlabelled noradrenaline did not affect the clearance values of any of the three type of 3H noradrenaline. Moreover, the clearances of the various types of 3H-noradrenaline were virtually identical and agreed with that of unlabelled noradrenaline. However, the clearance of labelled and unlabelled noradrenaline from arterial plasma was 1.15 times higher than that from central venous plasma. This factor corresponded to the ratio of Cv/Ca and pointed towards net removal of noradrenaline from the pulmonary circulation. 4. The fractional pulmonary extractions [1-(Ca/Cv)] of the three types of 3H-noradrenaline did not differ from each other and were not affected by the simultaneous infusion of unlabelled noradrenaline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244382 TI - ACTH increases noradrenaline release in the rabbit heart. AB - The effects of ACTH on the release of noradrenaline and the increase of heart rate produced by sympathetic nerve stimulation (1 Hz) were studied in isolated perfused rabbit hearts. ACTH-(1-24) 0.1-100 nmol/l increased the stimulation evoked overflow of noradrenaline concentration-dependently, reversibly and up to two-fold. The basal outflow of noradrenaline, the basal heart rate and the stimulation-evoked increase in heart rate were not changed. Human ACTH-(1-39) also increased the evoked overflow of noradrenaline. The effect of ACTH-(1-24) 0.3 nmol/l persisted after blockade of beta-adrenoceptors with propranolol and blockade of neuronal catecholamine uptake by cocaine. ACTH-(1-24) 3 nmol/l did not change the removal of noradrenaline from the perfusion fluid, when hearts were perfused with medium containing 59 nmol/l noradrenaline. The results show that ACTH increases the action potential-evoked release of noradrenaline from cardiac postganglionic sympathetic neurones, probably by activating specific presynaptic ACTH receptors. The high potency of ACTH suggests that these presynaptic receptors may be activated in vivo by circulating ACTH under certain pathophysiological conditions. PMID- 3244383 TI - Capsaicin-sensitive afferents in the rat urinary bladder activate a spinal sympathetic cardiovascular reflex. AB - In urethane-anesthetized rats with an intact spinal cord, application of capsaicin on the outer surface of the urinary bladder produced a transient bradycardia, hypotension and negative cardiac inotropism which were neither prevented by i.v. atropine (0.5 mg/kg) nor by cervical vagotomy. In acute spinal rats (C2-C3) application of capsaicin (0.2 and 2 micrograms in 25 microliters) on the urinary bladder induced a transient hypertension, tachycardia and positive cardiac inotropism. A second application (30 min later) induced minor cardiovascular effects, expecially with the higher dose, indicating desensitization. All cardiovascular responses to topical capsaicin were abolished by systemic capsaicin desensitization (50 mg/kg s.c., 4 days before). The excitatory cardiovascular response to capsaicin in acute spinal rats was markedly reduced by bilateral section of pelvic but not hypogastric nerves. Further, it was abolished by pretreatment with hexamethonium (20 mg/kg i.v.) or reserpine (5 mg/kg i.p., 2 days before) and reduced, at various extent for the different components, by phentolamine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) or propranolol (1 mg/kg). In rats with pelvic and hypogastric nerves intact, section of the cord at a level (T12 L1), just above the medullary segments which receive primary afferent input from the bladder (L6-S1), abolished the excitatory cardiovascular response to application of capsaicin on the bladder. In spinal rats (C2-C3) rapid distension of the urinary bladder with saline produced transient tachycardia, hypertension and positive cardiac inotropism similar to that evoked by capsaicin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244384 TI - Role of neutrophils in gastric damage induced by platelet activating factor. AB - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has recently been shown to be a potent ulcerogenic agent in the stomach and intestinal mucosa. Its extract mechanism of action is not yet known although histological studies suggest that vasocongestion is an important feature of PAF-induced damage. We have therefore studied the activity of various agents with different modes of action toward PAF-induced gastrointestinal lesions in the rat (PAF 2 micrograms/kg i.v.; macroscopic lesions of tissue scored 20 min later; arbitrary scale from 0 to 4). Drugs were administered either i.m., s.c. (5 min) or orally (30 min) before PAF injection. PAF-induced gastric lesions were strongly inhibited by the natural PAF-antagonist BN 52021 as well as by atropine sulphate and cimetidine which implicates cholinergic stimulation in the ulcerogenic activity of PAF. The somatostatin analog BIM 23014 was also very potent against PAF, perhaps by reducing the parasympathetic stimulation in the gastric wall as described for somatostatin. Allopurinol, which is a free radical scavenger also almost totally inhibited PAF induced gastric damage, suggesting that neutrophils are involved in the mucosal lesions. The considerable inhibition of the gastric effects of PAF found in neutrophil-depleted animal supports this hypothesis. Theophylline and disodium cromoglycate, mast cell stabilizing drugs which were also active in our model, could act by protecting mast cell degranulation induced by free radicals released from activated neutrophils. A multifunctional process seems to determine the mucosal gastric damage induced by PAF, but parasympathetic stimulation and neutrophil activation play a major role in this pathology. PMID- 3244385 TI - Stenosis and vascular damage as a cause of thrombosis in the dog femoral artery. AB - We describe here an experimental model of peripheral arterial thrombosis and the effect of several drugs which are known to affect vessel and platelet biological functions. A similar method has been previously applied by us and others on dog coronary arteries. Male Beagle dogs, under pentobarbital anesthesia, were instrumented to measure arterial pressure, heart rate, ECG, femoral blood flow and expired CO2. A segment of the femoral artery was squeezed with forceps to damage the endothelium, and a plastic cylinder was placed around the vessel in the area of the damage. The cylinders had a length of 2 mm and an internal diameter of 1.6-1.8 mm. Under these circumstances blood flow in the stenosed artery was reduced by about 60-70% from control value and showed cyclic blood flow variations (CBFV). CBFV eventually led either to a total occlusion of the vessel (documented by blood flow measurement and by angiographic analysis), or to a spontaneous partial restoration of flow, followed by another decrease, in a repetitive fashion. Drug effect was monitored by observing the changes in frequency and amplitude of CBFV. Ketanserin (0.25 mg/kg), dazmegrel (0.5 mg/kg), and chlorpromazine (0.5 mg/kg), abolished or greatly reduced CBFV in all the experiments, while acetylsalycilic acid (ASA, 10 mg/kg) reduced or abolished CBFV in 60% of the treated dogs. Heparin (50 I.U./kg), dipyridamole (1.0 mg/kg) and prazosin (0.1 mg/kg) did not change CBFV. These results emphasize the importance of serotonin and thromboxane as mediators of vascular occlusion in this particular experimental model. This approach provides a reproducible in vivo preparation to study the pharmacological control of peripheral arterial thrombosis. PMID- 3244386 TI - Multiple effects of caffeine on contraction and cytosolic free Ca2+ levels in vascular smooth muscle of rat aorta. AB - 1. Effects of caffeine on cytosolic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]cyt), measured simultaneously with muscle tension using fura-2-Ca2+ fluorescence, were examined in isolated smooth muscle of rat aorta. 2. Caffeine (20 mmol/l) induced a large transient increase in [Ca2+]cyt followed by a plateau which was higher than resting level. However, muscle tension showed a transient increase followed by a decrease to or below the resting level. In Ca2+-free solution, caffeine induced only a transient increase in both [Ca2+]cyt and muscle tension. 3. At low temperature (22 degrees C), high K+ (72.7 mmol/l) induced sustained increase in both [Ca2+]cyt and muscle tension which were smaller than those observed at 37 degrees C. At 22 degrees C, however, caffeine-induced transient changes were greater than those observed at 37 degrees C. 4. Ryanodine (10 mumol/l) inhibited the transient changes due to caffeine but showed little effects on the sustained changes due to high K+. 5. During the sustained increase in [Ca2+]cyt induced by noradrenaline (10 mumol/l) or high K+ (140 mmol/l), addition of caffeine transiently increased [Ca2+]cyt followed by a decrease to a level slightly lower than that before the addition of caffeine. In contrast to this, muscle tension transiently increased and then decreased to or below the resting level. 6. These results suggest that caffeine-induced contraction is due to the release of Ca2+ from cellular store. Caffeine also has an inhibitory effect which is partly attributable to decrease in [Ca2+]cyt and partly to the decrease in the sensitivity to Ca2+ of the contractile elements. PMID- 3244387 TI - Novel halogenated dihydropyridine derivatives with high vascular selectivity. AB - Calcium channel antagonists of the dihydropyridine type exhibit preferential vasodilator properties. To study whether this vascular selectivity is due to distinct steric modifications or may be influenced by the physicochemical nature of these drugs, contractility in guinea pig heart isolated papillary muscles, vasodilator properties in isolated rabbit femoral arteries and the lipophilicity of some novel halogenated dihydropyridines have been examined. All newly synthesized derivatives exhibited dose-dependent negative inotropic and vasodilator effects. The negative inotropic potency of all the halogenated derivatives was weaker than that of the parent compound nitrendipine. In contrast, compared to nitrendipine the vasodilator potency of the ester substituted derivatives was slightly increased, while halogen substitution in position 2 and 6 of the dihydropyridine nucleus decreased the vasodilator potency. As a result of the different influence on cardiac and vascular smooth muscle an improved vascular selectivity of the drugs was attained. The ester substituted dihydropyridine derivatives showed a 9 times (3-bromoethyl nitrendipine) or 11 times (3-chloroethyl-nitrendipine) higher vascular selectivity with respect to nitrendipine. Correlation of the lipophilicity with the physiological properties showed an increase in biological activity with decreasing lipophilicity. Within the ester-halogenated dihydropyridine derivatives an inverse trend was observed (increasing vasodilation with increasing lipophilicity), indicating a different influence of lipophilicity with the ester-substituted compounds on the different tissues examined. The improved vascular selectivity of the novel halogenated dihydropyridines may be at least in part a consequence of the different lipophilicity of the drugs. In addition, differences in the binding affinities of the dihydropyridines subordinate to distinct voltage dependent conformation states of the calcium channel may contribute. PMID- 3244388 TI - Species variations in 5-HT3 recognition sites labeled by 3H-quipazine in the central nervous system. AB - The specific binding of 3H-quipazine to putative 5-HT3 receptors was analyzed in multiple species. Specific and saturable binding of the radioligand could be detected in both rat (KD = 1.2 nM; Bmax = 3.0 pmol/g) and pig (KD = 1.3 +/- 0.2 nM; Bmax = 1.5 +/- 0.2 p/mol/g) cortical membranes. By contrast, no significant specific binding of 3H-quipazine could be detected in human, cow, dog, turtle, mouse, guinea pig, chicken or rabbit brain membranes. These data indicate that marked species variations exist in the presence and/or density of 5-HT3 membrane recognition sites in the central nervous system. PMID- 3244389 TI - The relative potencies of cholinomimetics and muscarinic antagonists on the rat iris in vivo: effects of pH on potency of pirenzepine and telenzepine. AB - The effects of cholinomimetics and muscarinic antagonists were compared following topical administration to the eyes of anaesthetized rats. For tests with cholinomimetics, clonidine (0.3 mg/kg) was used to induce mydriasis via central inhibition of parasympathetic tone. Full, dose-dependent miosis was induced by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors [physostigmine greater than neostigmine greater than tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA)] and by membrane channel blockers (4 aminopyridine greater than 3,4-diaminopyridine). Oxotremorine was the most potent direct agonist tested [oxotremorine greater than arecaidine propargylester (APE) greater than arecoline greater than carbachol greater than ethoxyethyltrimethyl ammonium iodide (EOE) greater than RS 86]. Some putative M1 selective agonists were weakly active or behaved as partial agonists (pilocarpine greater than AH6405 greater than Mc-A-343 greater than isoarecoline). Of the antagonists, compared in non-clonidine treated rats, scopolamine hydrochloride was the most potent. Of the receptor selective antagonists the M2 (ileal) selective compounds hexahydrosiladifenidol and 4-DAMP were more potent than either M1 selective (pirenzepine, telenzepine) or M2 (atrial) selective (AF DX 116) drugs. These data tentatively suggest the involvement of an M2 (ileal) type muscarinic receptor. Potency was lower for quaternary structures, probably due to impaired corneal penetration. The potency of pirenzepine and telenzepine was increased 60-fold at low pH following topical administration. Acid induced corneal damage does not appear to account for this potency shift as the effects of scopolamine and several agonists (oxotremorine, pilocarpine and McNA-343) were not substantially altered by acid media. For pirenzepine the potency shift appears to be related to protonation of the second amino group (N1) in the piperazine tail (pKa = 2.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244390 TI - Effect of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine on sensory input. AB - The study examines the hypothesis that changes in behavioural responsiveness induced by apomorphine reflect an effect of the drug on visual, tactile, vestibular, or proprioceptive sensory input. Rats were injected with apomorphine (1.25 mg/kg) and administered a neurological examination in which stimuli from the different sensory modalities were tested for their ability to elicit a limb placing response. Results indicate that these sensory stimuli were equally effective in eliciting reflex placing reactions in saline- and apomorphine treated rats. Thus, contrary to the hypothesis, apomorphine does not appear to affect the reception of visual, tactile, vestibular, or proprioceptive sensory input. Tests of equilibration (righting) induced by static tilt revealed a fractionated response under apomorphine (0.6-5 mg/kg). Since the response to tilt probably involves striatal integration of vestibular and proprioceptive input, it is suggested that apomorphine disrupts sensory or sensorimotor integration. PMID- 3244391 TI - Evaluation of mono- and dibenzoyl esters of dopamine as potential pro-drugs for dopamine in the central nervous system. AB - In this study, two ester pro-drugs of dopamine (DA) were synthesized and evaluated. These derivatives were the monobenzoyl (MBDA) and dibenzoyl (DBDA) esters of DA. MBDA was 300-fold and DBDA was 20,000-fold more lipophilic than DA itself. The half-lives of hydrolysis for MBDA and DBDA at physiologic pH and temperature were 15 and 420 min respectively. These compounds were radiolabelled and their uptake into brain measured. 14C-DBDA penetrated the brain rapidly; 0.28% of the dose injected was taken up per gram of brain tissue at 5 min. However DBDA did not produce measurable increases in DA levels in the brain. 14C MBDA was found not to penetrate the brain. However, when MBDA was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to rats, it caused DOPAC levels to increase significantly both in the striatum and in the rest of the brain. The increase in the amount of DOPAC measured in the striatum was 3 to 10-fold greater than that seen in the rest of the brain. In rats that were pretreated with the MAO inhibitor, pargyline, MBDA given i.c.v. caused increases in DA levels in both the striatum and in the rest of the brain. The increased DA levels in striatum were considerably greater than those seen in the rest of the brain. From these results, it is inferred that MBDA is being hydrolyzed in vivo in the brain to form DA which is then taken up into dopaminergic neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244392 TI - Studies on the mode of action of bretylium and guanethidine in post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres. AB - 1. The effects of bretylium and guanethidine on the nerve terminal impulse and transmitter release from sympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals in the guinea pig vas deferens have been studied in vitro using focal extracellular recording. Excitatory junction currents (EJCs) were used as a measure of transmitter release. 2. Both bretylium and guanethidine altered the configuration of the nerve terminal impulse in a manner consistent with their being local anaesthetics. 3. Bretylium (1-3 microM) only completely inhibited transmitter release when impulse propagation in the sympathetic nerve terminal was blocked. 4. In contrast, guanethidine (1-10 microM) could block transmitter release with little effect on the configuration of the nerve terminal impulse. 5. The inhibitory effects of these agents on both the nerve terminal impulse and on transmitter release were reversed by the indirectly acting sympathomimetic agent, d-amphetamine (1-10 microM). 6. Using this technique the mechanisms of action of drugs known to modify the transmitter release in sympathetic nerve terminals can be more precisely determined. PMID- 3244393 TI - Release of vesicular noradrenaline in the rat tail artery induced by cocaine. AB - The effects of cocaine on overflows of endogenous noradrenaline and DOPEG from isolated rat tail arteries were examined. 1. Both overflows increased progressively with increasing concentration of cocaine, while the (NA overflow)/(DOPEG overflow) ratio first increased and then decreased. The changes in the overflows induced by cocaine (0.1 mmol/l) appeared reversible. 2. Exposure of the tissue for 30 min to cocaine, 1 mmol/l, resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of storage vesicles containing electron-dense cores. 3. The changes in overflows of noradrenaline and DOPEG induced by cocaine (0.1 mmol/l were unaffected by the presence of desipramine (0.1 mumol/l) or removal of extracellular Ca2+. The effect of cocaine on the overflow of noradrenaline was potentiated by prior inhibition of MAO with clorgyline. 4. Exposure of segments to a Ca2+-free, high K, low Na incubation medium was accompanied by increased overflow of noradrenaline. Cocaine (0.1 mmol/l) reduced the overflow of noradrenaline to about a half, and substantially increased the overflow of DOPEG. 5. The increase in the overflow of DOPEG from segments bathed in HEPES-buffered solutions, the pH of which ranged from 6.80 to 7.38, was approximately proportional to the calculated concentration of unprotonated (uncharged) cocaine. 6. Quantitatively similar changes in the overflows were observed when norcocaine was substituted for cocaine. Ecgonine methyl ester was much less potent than cocaine, and O-benzoyl ecgonine was ineffective. 7. The small increases in the overflow of noradrenaline observed at relatively low concentration (less than 30 mumol/l) of cocaine can be attributed primarily to inhibition of reuptake of the released transmitter by the cocaine- and desipramine-sensitive amine carrier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244394 TI - Regulation of adrenergic receptor number following chronic noradrenaline infusion in the rabbit. AB - In order to study noradrenaline-induced regulation of alpha- and beta adrenoceptors, groups of male New Zealand White rabbits (n = 8) were treated with intravenous noradrenaline (0.09 mumol/kg x h) or ascorbate (0.1%) for 10 days via osmotic minipumps implanted in the femoral vein, and the number of cardiac, lung and lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptors as well as renal and platelet alpha 2 adrenoceptors were determined. 1. The mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and catecholamine levels were measured before commencing, and after 24 h and 10 days infusion. Circulating noradrenaline concentrations were elevated approximately 6-fold at 24 h and were sustained at these levels after 10 days administration of noradrenaline. There were no significant alterations in the blood pressure while a significant decrease in the heart rate was observed at 24 h. 2. Alpha 2-adrenoceptor density was assessed using [3H]-yohimbine. A significant decrease in the number of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the kidney was observed following the 10 days infusion with noradrenaline. This down-regulation was in marked contrast to the lack of alteration in platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor number and the platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor mediated aggregatory response. 3. The density of beta-adrenoceptors in lymphocytes, heart and lung were quantified using (-)[125I]iodocyanopindolol (ICYP). The noradrenaline infusions caused significant reductions in beta-adrenoceptor number in the heart and lung (containing predominantly beta 1-adrenoceptors) but not in lymphocytes (possessing mainly beta 2-adrenoceptors). The KD-values (pM) for ICYP binding to heart and lung were also significantly decreased in the present studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244395 TI - Biochemical evidence that brainstem adrenaline-containing neurons are activated during clonidine withdrawal in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - We have investigated the effects of prolonged treatment with clonidine (delivered intravenously via osmotic minipumps, 0.1 mg/kg/day for 7 or 10 days) and of withdrawal of such treatment on brainstem noradrenaline and adrenaline metabolism in the adult spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). After a seven day treatment with clonidine, noradrenaline and adrenaline turnovers were unchanged both in the A2-C2 and A1-C1 regions. During withdrawal, the noradrenaline turnover was also unchanged in these regions. However, the adrenaline turnover was significantly increased 16 h after withdrawal (p less than 0.01) in the A2-C2 region and 16 h (p less than 0.01) and 40 h (p less than 0.05) after withdrawal in the A1-C1 region. These results show that noradrenaline metabolism is unchanged both during clonidine treatment and during its withdrawal in the brainstem catecholaminergic regions analyzed. In contrast, the increases in adrenaline turnover found in the A2-C2 and A1-C1 regions suggest that the adrenergic neurons of the brainstem could be activated during clonidine withdrawal. As the adrenergic C1 neurons are a key element of the sympathetic vasopressor system, the increase in adrenaline turnover observed during withdrawal could be at the origin of the sympathetic hyperactivity found after cessation of prolonged treatment with clonidine. PMID- 3244396 TI - Histamine, histidine decarboxylase and histamine-N-methyltransferase in brain areas of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Histamine levels, histidine decarboxylase and histamine-N-methyltransferase activities were determined in various brain areas of young (9-week old) and adult (18-week old) normotensive rats (WKY) and hypertensive rats (SHR). When compared with WKY, histamine levels were increased in the anterior and posterior hypothalamus of young and adult SHR, as well as in the brainstem of young SHR. Histidine decarboxylase activity was unchanged in the posterior hypothalamus and in the medulla oblongata of young and adult SHR as well as in the anterior hypothalamus of young SHR, but it was slightly decreased in the anterior hypothalamus of adult SHR. Histidine decarboxylase activity was enhanced in the cortex-midbrain of young, as well as adult SHR, histamine-N-methyltransferase in the cortex-midbrain of young SHR. The following differences were found between young and adult rats: histamine levels were elevated in the cortex-midbrain of adult WKY and SHR. In the cortex-midbrain and brainstem of adult WKY and SHR histidine decarboxylase activity was also increased, while histamine-N methyltransferase activity was elevated in the cortex-midbrain of adult WKY. The findings show changes in histamine levels, histidine decarboxylase and histamine N-methyltransferase activities in SHR and suggest involvement of histaminergic neurons in hypertension. The activity of histaminergic neurons of adult rats seems to be higher than that of young animals. PMID- 3244398 TI - Activation of A1 adenosine receptors decreases the release of serotonin in the rabbit hippocampus, but not in the caudate nucleus. AB - The effects of A1 adenosine receptor ligands on the evoked release of serotonin (5-HT) were studied in slices of the hippocampus and the caudate nucleus of the rabbit, preincubated with 3H-5-HT. In hippocampal tissue electrical stimulation elicited a release which was inhibited by the adenosine receptor agonist N6 cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) and enhanced by the selective A1 receptor antagonist 8 cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX). The concentration-response curve of CHA was shifted to the right by DPCPX. The shift corresponded to a pA2 value of 9.4 for DPCPX. CHA, R-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and DPCPX were ineffective in caudate nucleus tissue. When instead of electrical pulses high K+ was used to induce 5-HT release in the presence of the Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX), which was present in order to exclude effects mediated by interneurones, CHA was equally effective in the hippocampus but again failed to modify 5-HT release in the caudate nucleus. The disinhibition by DPCPX of the evoked 5-HT release was used to calculate the extracellular concentration of endogenous adenosine at the A1 receptor. The calculation greatly depended on the dissociation constant of adenosine at the A1 receptor. It is concluded that A1 adenosine receptors, activated by the endogenous agonist at a concentration of about 0.7 mumol/l, are located on serotonergic nerve endings in the hippocampus, but not in the caudate nucleus. The estimated extracellular concentration of endogenous adenosine is in reasonable agreement with actually measured concentrations reported in the literature. PMID- 3244397 TI - The depolarizing action of 5-hydroxytryptamine on rabbit isolated preganglionic cervical sympathetic nerves. AB - This study describes a depolarizing action of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on rabbit isolated preganglionic cervical sympathetic nerves using an extracellular recording technique. From cumulative concentration-response curves for 5-HT (1 mumol/l-1 mmol/l), the mean maximal depolarization was shown to be 277 +/- 32 microV and EC50 was 9.4 mumol/l (6.5-13.6 mumol/l, geometric mean, 95% confidence limits, n = 42). The responses to 5-HT displayed marked tachyphylaxis. When cumulative concentration-response curves to 5-HT and 2-methyl-5-HT were determined in the same preparations (n = 4), the mean maximal response to 5-HT was 519 +/- 167 microV, EC50 32.2 mumol/l (8.8-118 mumol/l) and the mean maximal response to 2-methyl-5-HT was 317 +/- 63 microV, EC50 35.1 mumol/l (12.9-95.5 mumol/l, geometric means, 95% confidence limits). The action of selective 5-HT antagonists was tested on repeated cumulative concentration-response curves to 5 HT. Neither methiothepin (0.1-1 mumol/l, n = 3) nor ketanserin (0.1-1 mumol/l, n = 3) had an action on 5-HT responses. The selective 5-HT3 antagonists MDL 72222, ICS 205-930 and SDZ 206-830 were all potent antagonists of the 5-HT depolarizations. The action of these antagonists was quantified by determining the apparent pA2 from the dose ratios and a Schild plot.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244399 TI - Conditioned behavioural responses to apomorphine: extinction and haloperidol induced inhibition. AB - In previous studies it was established that stereotypies (sniffing, licking, gnawing) produced by apomorphine can be conditioned and after repeated pairings with defined conditioned stimuli (auditory, tactile + olfactory) these stereotypies can be observed in the presence of the conditioned stimuli alone. In the present experiments, the extinction of these conditioned stereotypies was studied in one series; in another series, the possible inhibition of conditioned stereotypies by the blocker of dopamine receptors, haloperidol, was measured. The rats were conditioned (or the controls pseudoconditioned, respectively) for either 3 or 10 days with 2.0 mg/kg s.c. apomorphine or 6 days with 0.5 mg/kg s.c. of the drug and by placing them into particular cages in the presence of an auditory and an olfactory stimulus. Under all these conditions, episodes of conditioned stereotypies were observed, when solvent + conditioned stimuli instead of apomorphine was applied 1 day after the last conditioning session (first session of extinction). The conditioned responses seemed to be on the highest level after conditioning with 2.0 mg/kg apomorphine 3 days, lower after conditioning with the same dose on 10 days, and even lower after conditioning for 6 days with 0.5 mg/kg. Under all these conditions, the stereotypies summed up and averaged for the total observation period of 60 min rapidly decreased during the extinction period, so that on day 4 of the extinction period, no further significant differences between conditioned and pseudoconditioned animals were observed, although a short initial period was still observed on the fourth day. On day 3 of extinction, not only an early, but also a late episode of conditioned stereotypies was manifest, interrupted by an almost silent period. The acute (unconditioned) stereotypies produced by 0.5 mg/kg s.c. apomorphine were almost completely suppressed by pretreatment with 0.1 mg/kg i.p. haloperidol. In contrast, the same dose of haloperidol produced a much less pronounced inhibition of conditioned stereotypies after conditioning with the same dose of apomorphine for 6 times. These results, together with previous findings, suggest that the conditioned behavioural effects are not due to an activation of dopaminergic mechanisms during conditioning with apomorphine. PMID- 3244400 TI - Interactions of tricyclic antidepressant drugs with human and rat monoamine oxidase type B. AB - The effect of tricyclic antidepressant drugs on the deamination of phenylethylamine and benzylamine by monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B was investigated in vitro in human brain cortex, human platelet, and rat brain preparations. These drugs inhibited MAO activity as expected; however, an atypical biphasic response was observed with the tertiary amine tricyclic, clomipramine, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, with two other tertiary amine tricyclics, imipramine and amitriptyline, when benzylamine was used as the substrate in human tissue preparations. This atypical biphasic pattern was not found when we used the secondary amine antidepressant drugs, desipramine, desmethylclomipramine, or fluoxetine, or used phenylethylamine as the substrate, or used rat rather than human brain tissue. For the tricyclics exhibiting normal inhibition patterns, the same rank order of inhibition was observed with benzylamine as a substrate in all three types of tissue; however with phenylethylamine, differences in inhibition were found between rat and human tissues. These tricyclic-MAO interactional data suggest that secondary and tertiary amine tricyclics interact differently with human MAO type B, that rat and human MAO type B are not functionally identical, and also support other data that phenylethylamine and benzylamine are deaminated by different mechanisms. PMID- 3244402 TI - Rapid effect of testosterone on striated muscle activity in rats. AB - We addressed the question of how rapidly gonadal steroids might affect behavior by studying how fast testosterone (T) could augment the actions of the striated penile muscles and their associated penile reflexes. Eight male rats, functionally castrated 4 months before this study, bore chronically implanted electrodes in the bulbospongiosus (bulbocavernosus) muscle. The males were observed for the display of penile reflexes immediately after the injection of T (250 micrograms i.m.) and T propionate (250 micrograms s.c.), as well as after injections of only the oil vehicle. Overt penile responses were rare. However, in several tests subcutaneous twitching was observable near the midline posterior to the penis. These twitches were accompanied by electromyographic bursts and were attributed to contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscle. T reliably (p less than 0.025) accelerated the onset of electromyographic activity: 6 of the 8 males had electromyographic bursts before the 30-min limit, and 3 males responded within 6 min. This is the first demonstration of such a rapid action of androgens on behavior or its basis in striated muscle activity. The rapid muscular response to T was ascribed to steroid-sensitive neuronal membrane receptors. Such responsiveness could increase the intensity of penile reflexes within minutes after surges of luteinizing hormone and T have been induced by cues associated with estrous females and thereby could contribute to the fertility of mating. PMID- 3244401 TI - P2-purinoceptor induced prostaglandin synthesis in primary rat astrocyte cultures. AB - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the cotransmitters that are commonly released at catecholaminergic and cholinergic nerve terminals. The glial cell type most closely associated with the synapse is the astrocyte and, thus, is the next cellular element beside the postsynaptic neuron to face the transmitters released. This report gives evidence of P2-purinoceptors on cultured astroglial cells. Upon stimulation with nucleoside triphosphates and nucleoside diphosphates, the cells respond with synthesis of prostaglandins of the D2 type, which is the predominant prostaglandin made in rat brain. Nucleoside triphosphate analogues, such as 5'-adenyl-imido diphosphate, beta,gamma-methylene, or alpha,beta-methylene ATP were less effective than ATP or its non-hydrolysable analogue ATP [gamma S]. The receptor was desensitized by ATP [gamma S] within 15 min, whereas desensitization by alpha,beta-methylene ATP was significantly delayed. 8-phenyl-theophylline (10(-4) M) had no influence on ATP-stimulated prostaglandin synthesis. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine were unable to stimulate prostaglandin D2 formation. According to the common nomenclature for purinoceptors, the described astroglial receptor would fulfill the characteristics of a P2-purinoceptor. Furthermore, it is shown that pertussis toxin sensitive G-proteins influence some early step in prostaglandin synthesis. The inactivation of these proteins results in reduced prostaglandin formation. It is assumed that ATP serves as an important mediator in the cross-talk between neurons and astroglial cells at the synaptic cleft. PMID- 3244403 TI - Influence of ethanol on growth hormone secretion in adult and prepubertal female rats. AB - Conscious mature and immature rats were administered either saline or an ethanol (ETOH)-saline solution via a permanent intragastric cannula, and plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay of external jugular blood samples drawn every 10 min through an indwelling Silastic catheter. Control injections of saline into the gastric cannula did not modify plasma GH concentrations, whereas both groups of rats which were administered ETOH showed significant decreases in plasma GH concentrations and no evidence of the pulsatile secretion of the hormone. Comparable increases in the area under the GH curve occurred following a challenge dose of GH-releasing factor in both saline- and ETOH-injected rats, indicating that pituitary responsiveness was the same for both groups. These results indicate that ETOH is capable of altering GH secretion in adult as well as prepubertal animals, via an action at the hypothalamic level. PMID- 3244404 TI - Quantitative assessment of early and discontinuous estradiol-induced effects on ventromedial hypothalamic and preoptic area proteins in female rat brain. AB - In this study, changes in individual proteins in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMN) and the preoptic area (POA) of the female rat brain were quantitatively assessed following either a short treatment (2 h) or a discontinuous schedule of estradiol. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were implanted with estradiol capsules or sham-implanted for the appropriate paradigm and sacrificed by decapitation. Punches of brain tissue containing the VMN and POA were incubated with 35S methionine and 35S-cysteine, and the labeled proteins separated by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Estradiol-induced changes were quantitatively assessed by computerized optical densitometry and subjected to a normalization procedure between pairs of estradiol-treated and OVX control gels. A number of proteins within the VMN and POA were found to be positively or negatively affected in labeling after either hormone administration paradigm. In both brain regions, the population of proteins affected in labeling after 2 h of estradiol treatment were markedly different from those affected after the discontinuous hormone paradigm. Comparison of the VMN and POA also indicated that the populations of proteins affected in labeling by either hormone treatment paradigm were different, with there being only 3 proteins (from a total of 39) affected in the same direction and 2 affected in the opposite direction by the hormone in both regions. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that administration of estradiol results in a molecular cascade of events within brain regions involved in the control of reproductive behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244405 TI - Cerebral cortical 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors of morphine tolerant-dependent rats. AB - The effect of chronic administration of morphine to rats on 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors in the cerebral cortex was determined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted subcutaneously with 6 pellets of morphine (each containing 75 mg of morphine free base) during a 7 day period. Animals which served as controls were implanted with placebo pellets. The procedure for implantation of pellets produced a high degree of tolerance to and physical dependence on morphine in the rat. The tolerance to the analgesic and hyperthermic effects of morphine was demonstrated by decreased responses in the rats implanted with morphine pellet in comparison to the placebo-treated controls. The physical dependence was shown by the greater weight loss after removal of the pellet in the rats implanted with morphine pellets when compared to rats implanted with placebo pellets. The pellets were removed (withdrawn) and, after 6-8 h, the rats were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex was isolated. In another experiment the pellets were left in place (tolerant-dependent rats). The 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors were characterized by using [3H]5-HT and [3H]spiroperidol as the ligands and unlabelled 5-HT and ketanserin, respectively, to determine non-specific binding. The [3H]5-HT bound to 5-HT1 receptors on membranes from the cerebral cortex of rats implanted with placebo pellets, at a single high affinity site, with a Bmax of 102 +/- 10 fmol/mg protein and a Kd of 6.02 +/- 0.98 nM. Implantation of morphine pellets, followed by removal of the pellets resulted in a 50% increase in the Bmax value of [3H]5-HT but the Kd values did not change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244406 TI - Respiratory effects of cyclic AMP following injection into the nucleus tractus solitarius of rats. AB - Rats were anesthetized with urethane and a limited occipital craniotomy was performed to expose the caudal medulla in the region of the obex. Injections were made into sites in the brainstem of spontaneously-breathing rats through glass micropipettes. Tidal volume, respiratory frequency, minute volume, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before and after the administration of 8 bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (Br-cAMP), an analog of cyclic AMP. Injections of Br-cAMP into the ventromedial portion of the caudal nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) produced dose-related decreases in pulmonary ventilation due to effects on both respiratory frequency, as well as minute volume. In larger doses, Br-cAMP produced periodic apnea and irregular breathing. The respiratory depression was accompanied by transient hypotension and bradycardia. The data indicate that cyclic AMP may function as a second messenger in respiratory control regions in the brainstem. PMID- 3244407 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in brain of rat by dexamethasone: lack of effect of dexamethasone phosphate ester and various hormonal steroids. AB - The present study was designed in order to characterize the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone upon the synthesis of prostaglandins (PG) in the brain of the rat. Rats were treated with dexamethasone (20 mg/kg b.w.) and sacrificed 0-76 hr after administration of the drug. The rate of synthesis and release of PGE2 was followed by 1 hr of incubation of slices of cortex taken from these rats, in Krebs-Ringer solution. A significant inhibition occurred at 8 hr and maximal inhibition (45%) was attained at 16 hr after injection. A gradual increase in the rate of synthesis up to control values occurred between 24 and 76 hr. A dose response study, at the range of 2-40 mg/kg, showed that a significant decrease was noted at 6 mg/kg and it was maximal (45% inhibition) at 20 and 40 mg/kg. Administration of dexamethasone-sodium-phosphate, as well as other synthetic glucocorticoids and various steroidal hormones (20 microM), failed to inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandins under the same experimental conditions. The effect of dexamethasone and dexamethasone phosphate on synthesis of PGE2 was also studied under in vitro conditions at 5 and 20 microM. When slices of cortex from intact rats were incubated for 1 or 2 hr in the presence of either dexamethasone or dexamethasone phosphate only dexamethasone was effective in inhibiting the synthesis of PGE2. The present results demonstrate that the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins in brain by dexamethasone is both time- and dose dependent. The lack of effect of closely related glucocorticoids demonstrate that the effect is highly specific to dexamethasone. PMID- 3244408 TI - Excitation of striatal neurons by dexamphetamine is not abolished by either chloral hydrate or urethane anaesthesia. AB - In order to understand differences between studies maintaining that dopamine actions are significantly reduced as a result of chloral hydrate anaesthesia or not affected to any appreciable extent, striatal neuronal responses to the indirect dopamine agonist, dexamphetamine, were examined in rats anaesthetized with either chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg) or urethane (1.5 g/kg). Striatal neuronal activity was markedly depressed by chloral hydrate and urethane. However, striatal neurons still responded to 2.5 mg/kg dexamphetamine with marked excitation. These results indirectly support earlier iontophoretic studies on the excitatory action of dopamine on striatal neurons in chloral hydrate anaesthetized animals. Furthermore, the ability of dexamphetamine, primarily an indirect dopamine agonist, to excite striatal neurons in these anaesthetized animals suggests that stimulation of both D1 and D2 receptors is not abolished by anaesthesia. PMID- 3244409 TI - Effects of apomorphine in quantified electroencephalography in the frontal cortex: changes with dose and time. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of four doses of apomorphine (0.01, 0.05, 0.25, 1 mg/kg s.c.) on the cortical activity by a quantified electroencephalography (EEG) method recently developed in our laboratory. The EEG-effects of apomorphine were changed significantly according to the dose and the time. When initial effects were considered an opposition in the apomorphine-induced variations between low (0.01 mg/kg) and higher doses were observed. In the time course with 0.01, 0.25 and 1 mg/kg SC, EEG variations changed the direction in 6-17 Hz and diminished in the other spectral components. Qualitatively, this tardive change with 0.01 mg/kg may show a feed-back response of the dopaminergic system to the initial low dose-induced depressant effects of apomorphine. On the other hand higher doses-induced tardive EEG pattern may show a possible changed balance in the stimulated D1 and D2 receptors. PMID- 3244410 TI - Surgical strategies for combined intraorbital and intracranial tumors. AB - Three unusual cases of combined intraorbital-intracranial tumors of various types which were chosen from cases treated in the Clinic and Polyclinic of Neurosurgery of the University of Munster, to demonstrate the problems of surgical therapy. A list of indications for the various accesses to the orbita is worked out. Close co-operation among the neurosurgeon, the ophtalmologist, the oto-rhino laryngologist and the maxillofacial surgeon is necessary. All facets of the patient's condition and situation must be taken into consideration when planning therapy. PMID- 3244411 TI - Cranial nerve lesions following subarachnoid hemorrhage and aneurysm of the circle of Willis. AB - Fifty-eight of 570 patients with an aneurysm and/or subarachnoid hemorrhage displayed palsy of one or several cranial nerves. In 48 patients, this lesion occurred in the context of SAH (total n = 534). The oculomotor nerve was most frequently affected (38 cases), followed by the abducens nerve with the second highest incidence (18 cases). The highest rate of cranial nerve symptoms occurred in cases of ophthalmic carotid aneurysms (83.3%). Damage to the abducens nerve regressed most rapidly. PMID- 3244412 TI - Fast-phase instabilities in normally sighted relatives of congenital nystagmus patients--autosomal dominant and x-chromosome recessive modes of inheritance. AB - Verification of inheritance in congenital nystagmus (CN) is only possible through the identification of more than one affected member in a family since in a single case there are no accurate clinical differentiations between "spontaneous" and inherited CN. We performed electronystagmographic examinations (ENG) to search for abnormal involuntary eye movements as a sign of heredity in seemingly unaffected members of CN families. ENG registrations were performed under three test conditions: (1) with the subject fixating a target, (2) with the room lights off and (3) with closed eyes. Fifty normally sighted individuals (group (a] underwent the test procedure to provide a baseline of normality. Five CN families (three dominant, two sex-linked recessive) were tested as group (b). The eye movement recordings were analysed in terms of nystagmus intensity (amplitude x frequency of the involuntary saccade). In every one of the five families, abnormalities in seemingly non-affected members could be demonstrated: in four families, fast-phase instabilities, in the fifth family a true (CN) (slow-phase instability). All certain gene carriers were diagnosed correctly by the ENG. These findings indicate a method for detecting slightly affected members in dominant pedigrees and female gene carriers in sex-linked mode of transmission. PMID- 3244413 TI - Colloid cysts--a review including 19 own cases. AB - Between 1974 and 1987 19 patients harbouring colloid cysts of the third ventricle have been treated in our department. There were 12 male and 7 female patients with an average age of 34 years (ranging from 17 to 58). Eighteen of the 19 patients underwent direct microsurgical removal of the space occupying lesion using the transcortical-transventricular approach. One patient had placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and declined further treatment. There were no deaths in the entire series and no permanent neurological deficits were observed postoperatively. Surgery was successful in unblocking CSF pathways in 12 patients; six patients required permanent CSF diversion. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical modalities for the treatment of the lesions we recommend the microsurgical removal of the colloid cyst using the transcortical-transventricular approach. PMID- 3244414 TI - Extended pterional decompression of the orbit: an alternative treatment in endocrine orbitopathy. AB - Extended pterional decompression was performed in seven orbits. The indication was optic neuropathy in six orbits and corneal ulceration in one. As compared to ethmoidectomy, advantages of the pterional approach seem to be the preservation of the motility of the eye and the lack of paranasal sinus complications. We consider the pterional approach to be appropriate for decompression of endocrine orbitopathies that do not respond to conservative measures. PMID- 3244415 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials aiding the diagnosis of brain death. AB - SEP were recorded in 14 patients, who fulfilled the clinical and electroencephalographic criteria of brain death. The results are compared with the respective ones in healthy subjects. Beside the absence of cortical N 20 in each brain dead patient, reduction of amplitude or absence of near field negativity (N 13b) from upper neck regardless of the position of the reference electrode represents the predominant result. The near field potential from the lower neck (N 13a) was unaffected. The counterpart in the far field potential recorded from F z was amplitude reduction of P 13. These results suggest that the dissociation of N 13a and N 13b can confirm the diagnosis of brain death. Moreover these results support the view of two independent generators of N 13a and N 13b despite their identical amplitude and latency. PMID- 3244416 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content in human astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. AB - This report presents a flow-cytometric analysis of cellular DNA in biopsies and primary cell cultures of 21 human astrocytomas and 19 oligodendrogliomas. A distinct correlation between histological dedifferentiation and pathological DNA distribution was found. Classification was made according to increasing histological anaplasia, corresponding to a four-grade scale and proliferation index (PI). Four types of gliomas were defined according to characteristic DNA patterns and proliferative activities in comparison to their histological grading: 1. purely diploid DNA patterns with low 4C (premitotic) peaks and PI values up to 10 in well-differentiated gliomas; 2. increase of tetraploid cells and PI of 10-16 in tumors with histological grades II or II-III; 3. diploid tetraploid DNA distribution with PI values up to 30-31 and malignancy grade III; 4. polyploid and aneuploid karyograms with excessive 4C increase, emerging in grade III and especially grade III-IV of these gliomas. Varying DNA distribution during tumor development could be observed in a malignant transformation of an oligodendroglioma I to a glioblastoma after a course of 3 1/2 years. A more detailed subdivision of these tumors according to their DNA content and proliferative activity was achieved. With the exception of occasional variation in karyograms, DNA distribution usually remained stable in primary tissue cultures (PTC). PMID- 3244417 TI - Ruptured aneurysm with intracerebral hemorrhage in an 8 year old boy. AB - Report on a case of aneurysm in a child and its treatment with discussion of its rarity and origin. PMID- 3244418 TI - CSF-endorphines in acute and chronic brain lesions. AB - In order to answer the question of an opioid influence on consciousness, a radio immuno-assay (n = 852) of beta-endorphin and beta-LPH (beta-lipotropic hormone) in both ventricular CSF and blood plasma was carried out in 101 neurosurgical patients. The following results were obtained: I) beta-END and beta-LPH levels were found to be lower in the CSF than in blood plasma. II) beta-END and beta-LPH in the CSF was the same in both sexes. III) beta-END levels in the CSF decreased with age. IV) beta-END and beta-LPH levels showed a diurnal rhythm with a maximum in the late a. m. hours. V) beta-END levels in the ventricular CSF tend to decrease parallel to a drop in conciousness as well as with longlasting comatous states. VI) beta-END in ventricular CSF becomes higher with increasing systolic arterial blood pressure. VII) beta-END and beta-LPH levels in ventricular CSF are not correlated with the type of the disease, CSF pressure, body temperature or respiratory changes. PMID- 3244419 TI - Meningioma and associated cavernous hemangioma as a parasellar tumor. AB - A case of meningioma and associated cavernous hemangioma is described as a parasellar tumor. The meningioma was completely removed. The cavernous hemangioma was subtotally removed because of the high risk. PMID- 3244420 TI - A sphenoorbital encephalocele--clinical, radiological, and morphological findings. AB - We report here on congenital sphenoorbital encephalocele which could not be disclosed by computed tomography including contrast medium application or by orbital sonography. Surgery and histological examination were necessary to establish correct the diagnosis. PMID- 3244421 TI - Improvement of global cerebral blood flow after STA-MCA bypass in a patient with bilateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery: effect of surgery or natural course? AB - A xenon-CT examination was performed on a patient who had received a STA-MCA bypass. Evaluation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) pre- and postoperatively shows a post-operative increase of about 60%. During manual compression of STA, a decrease of 20% was observed so that one third of the total CBF increase could be attributed to anastomosis. The remaining two thirds may originate from the natural collateral circulation. PMID- 3244422 TI - [Myoglobinemia as an early marker of acute myocardial infarction. Comparison with the traditional enzymatic method]. PMID- 3244423 TI - [Usefulness of pretreatment of patients with atrial fibrillation who are candidates for electric cardioversion]. PMID- 3244424 TI - [Incidence of reduced fibrinolytic activity and fibrinogen increase in the pathogenesis of vascular risk in obese subjects. Study of fibrinolytic activity of plasma, fibrinogen, erythrocyte aggregation and plasma viscosity]. PMID- 3244425 TI - [Sensitivity and specificity of the dipyridamole test at rest in a group of patients with effort angina. Presentation of cases]. PMID- 3244426 TI - [Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3244427 TI - [Cardiotelephone with memory (CTM) in basic medicine. Presentation of cases of a pilot study]. PMID- 3244428 TI - [High resolution echography of the carotid artery]. PMID- 3244429 TI - [Conservative surgical treatment of organic tricuspid stenosis]. PMID- 3244430 TI - [Substitution of mitral valve with a Sorin prosthesis. Mid-term results]. PMID- 3244431 TI - [First aid organization for cardiologic emergencies]. PMID- 3244432 TI - [False tendon in the left ventricle disclosed by combined Doppler echography]. PMID- 3244433 TI - [Effects of blood autotransfusion on several blood coagulation parameters in cardiosurgical interventions in extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 3244434 TI - [Use of 3 different anesthetic mixtures in peridural anesthesia for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)]. PMID- 3244435 TI - [Proposal for an anesthesiologic and integrated antalgic treatment for interventions of laparohysterectomy]. PMID- 3244436 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the priming principle in administration of atracurium. Influence of the interval between priming and second dose]. PMID- 3244437 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia: 2 cases in a family]. PMID- 3244438 TI - [Use of serum cholinesterases in severe organophosphorus poisoning. Our experience]. PMID- 3244439 TI - [Clinico-statistic study on 126 cases of benign ovarian neoplasms]. PMID- 3244440 TI - [Correlation between use of IUD and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) as independent variables and risk of occurrence of ectopic pregnancy]. PMID- 3244441 TI - [Topical therapy of postmenopausal dyspareunia]. PMID- 3244442 TI - Characterization of a murine model for human bismuth encephalopathy. AB - An epidemic of bismuth (Bi)-related neurotoxicity in France remains poorly understood, partly because no satisfactory animal model exists. We have now characterized such a model. Single or multiple intraperitoneal injections of Bi subnitrate into female mice produced neurologic signs (myoclonus, ataxia, tremors, convulsions) and blood (1.2 micrograms/g) and brain (8.4 micrograms/g) Bi levels like those in human cases. Hydrocephalus and axonal swellings in spinal cord were the major neuropathologic lesions. PMID- 3244444 TI - Deficits in spontaneous behavior and cognitive function following systemic administration of kainic acid. AB - Recurrent seizures leading to status epilepticus were induced in rats by a 10 mg/kg subcutaneous injection of kainic acid (KA). After a 4-day recovery period, the KA-treated animals showed a syndrome of increased activity in an open field, hyperreactivity in response to handling, and deficits in acquisition of both passive avoidance and spatial learning tasks. The second experiment demonstrated that KA also caused deficits in learning to approach a visible platform in a water maze. Two months after the initial treatment, the animals were still hyperactive and deficient in passive avoidance acquisition; however, they performed normally on the spatial learning task. These results reflect both the convulsive effects of KA, which produce transient retardation, and the brain damage to limbic system structures, which accounts for the permanent deficits. PMID- 3244443 TI - Effects of acute intoxication with hydrogen sulfide on central amino acid transmitter systems. AB - The acute effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on brain amino acid levels were examined in five regions of the rat brain following administration of either saline (controls), or 10 or 30 mg/kg i.p. of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). These doses represented sublethal (0.66 x LD50) as well as lethal (2 x LD50) amounts. No significant changes in amino acid levels were found in the cerebral cortex, striatum or hippocampus. In the cerebellum, aspartate and glycine levels declined at 10 mg/kg NaHS. The region showing the greatest change was the brainstem where aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, GABA, glycine and taurine and alanine all increased. It would appear then, that acute intoxication results in substantial changes in brainstem amino acid levels. As some of these amino acids have been implicated in the neuronal control of breathing, one of the underlying causes of death following H2S may be the alteration of amino acid neurotransmitter levels and metabolism resulting in the arrest of central respiratory drive. PMID- 3244446 TI - Organic food in cancer therapy. AB - This paper describes the principles of dietary therapy for malignant disease, as developed by a few medical pioneers since the 1920s, in particular by the late Dr Max Gerson, M.D. (1881-1959), who insisted on the exclusive use of organic produce in the treatment of cancer patients. Dr Gerson's claims for the therapeutic value of organic fruits and vegetables are reviewed in the light of current research. PMID- 3244445 TI - The biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation of adult hens: effects of phenyl saligenin phosphate administration. AB - A biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation was used to assess in vitro neuromuscular function in adult white leghorn hens with clinical signs of delayed neuropathy induced by phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP). Denervation of fast twitch muscle fibers 13-15 days after PSP was indicated by higher excitability thresholds and by discontinuities of the strength-duration curves. Nerve degeneration was also indicated by significantly elevated rheobase values for all three experimental groups (2, 6 and 10 mg/kg PSP, im) and by shorter chronaxie for preparations from hens receiving 6 and 10 mg/kg. Chronaxie values for preparations from hens given 2 mg/kg PSP were longer than controls, indicating only partial denervation. Biventer cervicis muscle from all PSP-treated hens was 100-1000x more sensitive to acetylcholine (ACh) than muscle from untreated hens, a response typical of denervated slow-tonic muscle. Tension development in response to ACh was 20-45x greater than control in muscle of PSP-treated hens. The greatest sensitivity and tension development in response to ACh was encountered in muscles from hens given 10 mg/kg PSP. Denervation was also indicated histologically by the extensive degeneration and loss of larger myelinated nerve fibers. This study indicates that alteration in neuromuscular function and morphology occurs in the neck region of chickens during OPIDN and that deficits in nerves innervating both fast-twitch and slow-tonic muscles can be differentiated by nerve stimulation and by denervation hypersensitivity to ACh. PMID- 3244447 TI - Nitrate levels in edible wild herbs and vegetables common in Jordan. AB - Forty six selected species of wild edible herbs and vegetables common in Jordan were collected from their natural growing places; twelve of them were collected from more than one location. The nitrate contents of the edible parts, and in some cases non-edible parts, were determined using the cadmium reduction method. The nitrate level varied widely ranging from 29 mg/kg in the leaves of tetragonolbus (Tetragonolobus Palaestinus) to 6743 mg/kg in star fenugreek (Trigonella Stellata). With the exception of the families of Araceae and Cruciferae, there was a wide variation in the nitrate concentrations within the species of each family. In general, the nitrate content of the stems was higher than that of the leaves which in turn was higher than that of the roots and bulbs. The same species collected from irrigated (presumably fertilized) farms were generally of higher nitrate content than those collected from pasture, forest or non-irrigated farms. However, many of the studied plants remain of relatively high nitrate content regardless of where they were grown. PMID- 3244448 TI - Fish and meat in man's diet: an historical perspective. AB - It is suggested that since earliest times man has not changed his dietary requirements and that he has not adapted to accommodate large quantities of saturated fats of animal origin. Man has consistently consumed vegetable and marine oils of a highly polyunsaturated nature; these are required to provide fluidity and permeability in the architecture of the cells. This is considered in terms of generations, working on the premise of 5 generations per century. PMID- 3244449 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in children received multiple transfusions or blood products in the Department of Child Health Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. PMID- 3244450 TI - Comparison between 200 ml and 1 liter packages of oral rehydration solution prepared by mothers of patients with diarrhea in the oral rehydration room. PMID- 3244451 TI - Is family planning already accepted by the present generation? Freshmen's view on family planning at University of North Sumatera, Medan. (Third report). PMID- 3244452 TI - Seven diseases as main causes of death in Department of Child Health, Dr. Pirngadi General Hospital. PMID- 3244453 TI - Hydrocephalus. PMID- 3244454 TI - Splenectomy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a clinical experience. PMID- 3244455 TI - [Visual acuity charts printed in grey]. PMID- 3244456 TI - [3-year experience with the use of Nd-Yag laser]. PMID- 3244457 TI - [Acute chorio-epithelial ischemia revealing Horton's disease]. PMID- 3244458 TI - [Intraoperative measurement of the diameter of the capsular sac]. PMID- 3244459 TI - [Reproducibility of the break-up time test]. PMID- 3244460 TI - [Intraocular pressure in the young]. PMID- 3244461 TI - [Morphodynamics of the iris circulation in experimentally-induced changes in intraocular pressure]. PMID- 3244462 TI - [Do specific morpho-functional features exist in critical low-tension glaucoma?]. PMID- 3244463 TI - [Treatment of glaucoma and visual field diminution]. PMID- 3244464 TI - [Carteolol in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 3244465 TI - [Timolol and dapiprazole combination in patients with glaucoma]. PMID- 3244466 TI - [Argon laser trabeculoplasty in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 3244467 TI - [Hypertensive reaction after argon laser trabecular retraction in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 3244468 TI - [Posterior sclerotomy in vascular glaucoma]. PMID- 3244469 TI - [Automatic perimetry in glaucoma. Value of Humphrey Field Analyzer standard tests]. PMID- 3244470 TI - Esophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal fistula. End-to-end versus end-to-side repair. PMID- 3244471 TI - Laser-Doppler flowmetry evaluation of the effects of elastic compression in patients with venous ulcerations. PMID- 3244472 TI - Serum ferritin levels and thyroid function. Preliminary study. PMID- 3244473 TI - Computerized dynamic tomography of extracranial carotid artery. PMID- 3244474 TI - The herniation of chiasmatic cistern in the sellar cavity. PMID- 3244475 TI - How many endometrial cancer may develop from hyperplasia? PMID- 3244476 TI - Surveillance and treatment of endometrial hyperplasia. PMID- 3244477 TI - Effects of calcium antagonists and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents on cardiovascular rhythmicity. PMID- 3244478 TI - Postmortem detection of anti-HIV and anti-HBc antibodies in 148 drug addicts died between 1977 and 1987. PMID- 3244480 TI - Pre- and post-natal growth of the mesostructure of the facial skeleton. PMID- 3244479 TI - Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 145 drug addicts died between 1977-1987. PMID- 3244481 TI - Acute lipidemic effect of calcium heparin in arteriosclerotic subjects. PMID- 3244482 TI - X chromosome structural anomalies and primary amenorrhoea. Case report. PMID- 3244483 TI - [Diagnostic importance of bone marrow biopsy compared to cytologic test by aspiration]. PMID- 3244484 TI - [Synovial cysts in regions of the limbs]. PMID- 3244485 TI - [Survey on tuberculosis disease in autopsies. Correlation between clinical and anatomopathologic diagnosis]. PMID- 3244486 TI - [Cloverleaf skull. Description of 4 cases]. PMID- 3244487 TI - [Sclero-atrophic thyroiditis caused by amiodarone]. PMID- 3244488 TI - [Granulosa cell tumor with multiple localizations]. PMID- 3244489 TI - Benign solitary schwannoma. Diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy. PMID- 3244490 TI - Cellular schwannoma: report of a case with immunohistochemical and electron microscopical study. PMID- 3244491 TI - Clear cells (glycogen rich) adenocarcinoma of the colon. Case report. PMID- 3244492 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease in children in the light of our observations]. PMID- 3244493 TI - [Subcutaneous hematoma of the cranial vault in children with hemophilia]. PMID- 3244494 TI - [Persistent headache as an early symptom of acquired toxoplasmosis not manifested by the enlargement of the peripheral lymph nodes]. PMID- 3244495 TI - [Familial Mediterranean fever in the light of our observations]. PMID- 3244496 TI - [Child rearing in the family and the sick child's sense of parental acceptance]. PMID- 3244497 TI - [Biochemical differential diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system, especially meningitis]. PMID- 3244498 TI - [Inorganic developmental retardation syndrome. II. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis]. PMID- 3244499 TI - [Results of an echocardiographic study in children with isolated and syndromal forms of funnel chest]. PMID- 3244500 TI - [Characteristics of dimensions, shape and position of the heart in twins and singletons during adolescence]. PMID- 3244501 TI - [Clinico-echocardiographic features of heart function in 2-year-old children with acute bronchopneumonia]. PMID- 3244502 TI - [Changes in central, peripheral and cerebral blood flow in young children with pneumonia]. PMID- 3244503 TI - [Hemodynamic aspects of neurocirculatory dystonia in adolescents]. PMID- 3244504 TI - [Circadian ECG monitoring in the diagnosis of arrhythmia in children]. PMID- 3244505 TI - [Activities of health personnel trade unions concerning health care of women and children]. PMID- 3244506 TI - [Characteristics of the course and outcome of Reiter's syndrome in children]. PMID- 3244507 TI - [Characteristics of surgical treatment in aneurysms of the thoracic aorta in children]. PMID- 3244508 TI - [Pre-nosological diagnosis as a method of ambulatory follow-up in pediatrics]. PMID- 3244509 TI - [Encopresis in children]. PMID- 3244510 TI - [Use of euphylline and zaditen in the treatment of obstructive syndrome in children with allergic diathesis under ambulatory care]. PMID- 3244511 TI - [Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in children]. PMID- 3244512 TI - [Effectiveness of metabolism cofactors in the treatment of infectious inflammatory diseases in premature infants]. PMID- 3244513 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic parenchymatous parotitis in children]. PMID- 3244514 TI - [Characteristics of tuberculin allergy in pulmonary tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 3244515 TI - [HLA in children with urinary calculi and metabolic nephropathy in an endemic region]. PMID- 3244516 TI - Ambiguities of sense and non-sense. PMID- 3244517 TI - Identification of two-tone images; some implications for high- and low-spatial frequency processes in human vision. AB - Unlike most multitone images, two-tone images such as print, geometric figures, and line drawings are as easy to interpret in photographic negative as in positive form. However, images derived from a multitone original in which intensity values are quantised to two levels are not. Bi-level quantised images, distinct from most other two-tone images, are shown to contain picture related components in their low spatial frequencies. Since it is the low-spatial frequency components alone of negative images that present difficulties for vision, it is proposed that images which are as easy to interpret in negative as in positive form are those which are readily identified using only their high spatial frequencies. PMID- 3244518 TI - Visual parsing and priority effects in temporal order judgements of line drawn patterns. AB - Five experiments are reported in which the perception of the order of the components of line drawn patterns presented in rapid temporal sequence on a visual display unit was investigated. In experiments 1 and 2, respectively, a schematic face and an asymmetrical geometric design, and a realistic face and a symmetrical geometric design were each divided into four fragments consisting of outline and three internal features. These fragments were presented to observers in sequences in which the position of the outline in the sequence was systematically varied. Observers reported the perceived order of the fragments. If the order was misperceived the interfragment interval was increased until the sequence was correctly perceived. Analysis of the pattern of perceptual errors and the interfragment presentation interval at which the sequence was correctly perceived indicated that observers tended to perceive the sequence correctly when the outline was presented in first or last position, but had difficulty in doing this when it occupied an intermediate position. This effect was significantly stronger with facial than with geometric patterns. Furthermore, in the case of two face patterns, errors were of a form where observers reported the outline presented in positions two or three as occupying positions one or four respectively. In experiment 3 an identical procedure was used to compare the perception of temporally fragmented normal and inverted faces. The outline position effect was equally strong in both cases. In experiment 4 the relative strength of the tendency to move the outline towards first or final position was assessed by dividing each of two patterns, a face and a house, into three fragments consisting of outline and two groups of internal features. Order perception was significantly better with outline in first or third position, but where it was presented in the intermediate position it was reported as being presented in first position. In experiment 5 the general pattern of results obtained in experiments 1, 2, and 3 was verified with the use of a methodology in which pattern fragment sequences and interfragment intervals were both randomised from trial to trial and the observer's task was to specify the position of the outline in the sequence. Four patterns--a normal face, a face with inverted internal features (INF face), a face outline with irrelevant internal features (IRF face), and a geometric design--were each divided into four fragments consisting of outline and three internal features.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3244519 TI - The effect of feature displacement on the perception of well-known faces. AB - The effect of feature displacement within two well-known faces (Terry Wogan and Cyril Smith) was examined. Image processing equipment was used to produce stimuli in which the features of an original facial image were displaced to form a number of modified images. This technique was first reported by Haig, in a recognition study in which the effect of feature displacement within unfamiliar faces was investigated. In the present experiment a perceptual judgement task was carried out in which subjects were presented with a number of modified faces and asked to judge how dissimilar these were with respect to an original image. A multi dimensional scaling analysis of the comparative judgements of the subjects revealed a two-dimensional solution involving displacement of the eyes and mouth. A clear division between up/down and inward/outward displacement within these features (particularly the eyes) was observed. A similar pattern of results was found for both well-known faces. This result indicates that subjects were responding to changes in the facial configuration produced by the different types of feature displacement (horizontal or vertical), as opposed to movement of the features per se. Finally, the results also indicate that the displacement of inner features (mouth, eyes, nose) was more noticeable than displacement of the outer facial features (eg hairline). PMID- 3244520 TI - Feature saliency in judging the sex and familiarity of faces. AB - Two experiments are reported on the effect of feature masking on judgements of the sex and familiarity of faces. In experiment 1 the effect of masking the eyes, nose, or mouth of famous and nonfamous, male and female faces on response times in two tasks was investigated. In the first, recognition, task only masking of the eyes had a significant effect on response times. In the second, sex judgement, task masking of the nose gave rise to a significant and large increase in response times. In experiment 2 it was found that when facial features were presented in isolation in a sex-judgement task, responses to noses were at chance level, unlike those for eyes or mouths. It appears that visual information available from the nose in isolation from the rest of the face is not sufficient for sex judgement, yet masking of the nose may disrupt the extraction of information about the overall topography of the face, information that may be more useful for sex judgement than for identification of a face. PMID- 3244521 TI - How contrast affects stereoacuity. AB - Stereoacuity and its dependence on contrast were measured at four spatial frequencies separated by 1 octave steps. Using a method of adjustment, observers adjusted the retinal disparity of an aperiodic narrow-band stimulus until it appeared in the depth plane defined by two flanking reference lines. Variations in contrast affected stereoacuity (the standard deviation of ten depth settings), with better performance observed at higher contrasts. Data were fit with straight lines (on a log-log plot), indicating a power-law dependence on contrast; the slope was steeper at lower spatial frequencies. These findings are consistent with the idea that disparity is computed from the responses of size-tuned mechanisms characterized by nonlinear contrast transfer functions. In a second experiment, the effects of interocular differences in contrast on stereoacuity were studied for two conditions. In the first condition, one eye always viewed a high-contrast target while the other eye viewed targets of successively lower contrast; in the second condition, one eye always saw a target of near-threshold contrast while the other eye saw targets of successively higher contrast. When the fixed contrast was high, stereoacuity deteriorated steadily as the interocular difference in contrast increased; the loss of stereoacuity was greatest at the lowest spatial frequency. When the fixed contrast was low, however, small increases in the contrast to one eye had no deleterious effect on stereoacuity. Once interocular contrast settings exceeded a certain difference, stereoscopic acuity began to deteriorate at lower spatial frequencies. These results address the issue of the stage of visual processing at which contrast exerts its influence on stereopsis. PMID- 3244522 TI - Depth discrimination from optic flow. AB - A simple scheme for deriving relative depth (time-to-collision, or TTC) from optic flow is developed in which the total flow is first sensed by unconnected motion (imperfect filter) sensors and then the rotational component is subtracted to yield the translational component. Only the latter component yields depth information. This scheme is contrasted with one where the TTC sensors respond only to the translational component at the initial registration of the flow (perfect filter sensors or looming detectors). The simple scheme predicts the results of three experiments on discrimination of TTC: discrimination thresholds are elevated if the objects withdraw from rather than approach the observer, thresholds are elevated if a rotational component is added to the flow, and the amount of threshold elevation resulting from the addition of a rotational component is reduced by prior adaptation to a pure rotational flow. These results confirm the simple model and disconfirm predictions based on the looming detector scheme. PMID- 3244523 TI - Are illusory contours a cause or a consequence of apparent differences in brightness and depth in the Kanizsa square? AB - The causal flows between the processes responsible for illusory contour clarity, brightness, and apparent depth in the Kanizsa square were examined. The sixty four stimuli used consisted of all possible combinations of eight disk luminances and eight centre-to-centre separations between nearest disks. Ten subjects were instructed to rate the clarity of the illusory contour and the brightness and apparent depth differences between the Kanizsa square and its surround in each stimulus. On the basis of results obtained with the causal inference method, using partial correlations and path analysis, it is suggested that clarity of illusory contour can be influenced directly by disk separation, and that the output from the process responsible for illusory contour clarity has some effect on the processes responsible for the apparent depth and brightness differences. PMID- 3244524 TI - Constant errors in judgements of collinearity due to the presence of neighbouring objects. AB - If a line (the pointer) is aligned with a dot (the target) that stands on another line (the induction line) which is at an angle to the pointer, the pointer and the dot may no longer appear collinear. Whether they do or not depends upon the angle formed by the pointer with the induction line: the smaller the angle, the greater the misalignment effect. Misalignment is always in the direction of the induction line, which is why this alignment illusion is called attraction-caused misalignment (attraction misalignment for short). Three experiments are described in which this illusion is explored further. In the first it is shown that the induction line can exert its influence even when not contiguous with the target, though the size of the effect varies inversely with the distance of the induction line from the target. In the second experiment it is demonstrated that a dot as well as a line can induce attraction misalignment and that similarity between the induction and target items increases misalignment. Evidence in support of the theory that the termination of the induction line, as well as the part contiguous with the target dot, may induce attraction misalignment is provided in the third experiment. PMID- 3244525 TI - Tactile recognition of mirror images by children: intermanual transfer and rotation of the palm. AB - In order to evaluate the importance of the axis of stimulus presentation, inter- and intramanual recognition of mirror pairs was studied with the stimulus materials aligned along the front/back axis (whereas in previous work the mirror pairs were aligned along the left/right axis). Children were allowed to feel shapes with the whole hand, with only four fingers (excluding the thumb), or with only the index finger. After learning with one hand, recognition was tested in experiment 1 with the other hand; after learning with one orientation of the hand (palm down or up), recognition was tested in experiment 2 with the other orientation (palm up or down) of the same hand; after learning with one coronal alignment of the hand (to the left or right), recognition was tested in experiment 3 with the other alignment (to the right or left), but without rotation, of the same hand. Significantly fewer intermanual recognition errors were made on mirror pairs with the materials oriented along the front/back axis than in previous work when oriented along the left/right axis. This supports the suggestion that such errors arise when the stimuli are oriented along the left/right axis during formation of the memory trace. The same trend was unexpectedly obtained for intramanual recognition errors (after rotation of the hand). These errors (after hand rotation) are largely due to coding with respect to the hand; they are reduced when the hand is not aligned with the body axis, since then coding can also occur in relation to the environment. PMID- 3244526 TI - The discrimination of human odour by the dog. AB - In reply to a suggestion made by Galton in 1875, the ability of dogs to discriminate between the odour of human twins was investigated. In a matching-to sample simultaneous discrimination task, dogs were tested on their ability to discriminate odours from twins differing only in genetic relatedness or only in environmental factors, particularly diet, or from twins identical in both genetic relatedness and environmental factors. Dogs could discriminate between the odours from twins who differed only in environmental factors and between the odours of twins who differed only in genetic relatedness. However, they were unable to discriminate between odours produced by infant twins identical in both genetic relatedness and environmental factors. Thus twins may be discriminated by dogs as long as they differ in genetic relatedness or environmental factors. The possible source of discriminable odours is discussed and how the effects of genes and environment are mediated considered. PMID- 3244527 TI - [Pedunculated flap from the greater omentum in reconstructive operations after the treatment of neoplasms]. PMID- 3244528 TI - [Few remarks with regard to the training of medical students in oncology]. PMID- 3244529 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of neoplasms]. PMID- 3244530 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic study of Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 3244531 TI - Free energy change in experimental microbial growth-reaction. PMID- 3244532 TI - [Course of HBV infection among dentistry students: longitudinal study]. PMID- 3244533 TI - [Chloro-organic pesticides in milk samples of sheep from areas of Marsala used for protected culture]. PMID- 3244534 TI - [Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of purified and chlorinated urban sewage, particularly in relation to induced toxicity, impact on marine environment and its reuse in agriculture]. PMID- 3244535 TI - [Staphylococcus species: differentiation in lyogroups and incidence of methicillin resistance in various species]. PMID- 3244536 TI - [Hospital experience in active immunoprophylaxis against HBV]. AB - According to the Ministry of Health, at the paediatric section of Central Hospital of Rovigo, a vaccination campaign against HBV was undertaken in the year 1985 with the main purpose to reduce the sickness-rate and the mortality by HBV. Two vaccination patterns have been applied and they show to be efficient. 46 risk subjects divided into two groups were vaccinated: group A: newborn, sons of women HBc Ag positive; group B: children living together with carriers or subjects sick of hepatitis B. The group A subjects had undergone to passive immunoprophylaxis at birth and to a vaccination cycle. The group B subjects only vaccination. The research of antibody titres produced by the vaccination demonstrated in the majority of cases greater than 121 IU/L. Only about 25% of vaccinated subjects showed a feeble movement of transaminases. The children's parents have cooperated very well. PMID- 3244537 TI - [Experience in diet therapy of child obesity]. AB - During the last 14 years 1620 children and adolescents, 806 boys and 814 girls, aged 2-20 yrs, were referred for overweight as outpatients to the Pediatric Endocrine Center of the University of Pavia. On first admission 170 (10%) of the 1620 subjects had a percent overweight of less than 20% referred to ideal weight for height; 350 (22%) patients with overweight ranging from 25 to plus 100 were lost to follow up. We report our dietary management on 1100 children with percent overweight between 25-120, treated for a period of at least 3 months to a maximum of 7 years (mean 3 yrs). All patients were provided with a physiological diet with an adequate or slightly reduced caloric intake for their height (P 15%, F 25%, C 60%). A regular physical activity was recommended to our patients. Before they started the diet patients kept a daily food diary for three days, which included recording information about what food was eaten, how it was prepared and the time at which it was consumed. Food recalls showed a higher caloric intake for height and age with fat and protein excess, especially of animal origin. A lot of snacks, particularly sweets, and soft drinks were consumed during the day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244538 TI - [Epidemiologic profile of the neonatal population in Trapani]. AB - Since 1984 we utilized computer data systems to store patient information. This study examines epidemiological statistic data relative to all newborns in the Trapani's Hospital from 01.01.84 to 31.12.86 and moreover, it examines the characteristic traits of the pathologic newborns admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in the same period, divided into inpatients (born in our hospital) and outpatients (born in other hospitals and transferred by ambulance). The elaborated data emphasized that the preterm infants (babies of less than 37 completed weeks of gestational age) is 4.55%; low birth weight infants (less than 2500 gms) rate is 5.2% with a prevalence almost alike in other regions. The prevalence of the VLBW (less than 1500 gms) significantly differs from other italian regions and european countries. The VLBW percentage, in Trapani, is steadily 1.1% of all newborns, with remarkable difference from other provinces and countries (0.32% in France, 0.5% in Marche, 0.7% in Sassari and in Trento). Besides, the rate of the newborns with weight less than 1001 gms in Trapani is 0.3%, whereas in other regions is about 0.1%. If we consider that in our case report 59.5% of the infants dead from 0 to 28 days is made up by newborns with weight less than 1500 gms and 45.5% of them have a birth weight less than 1000 gms, if we also consider the high incidence of severe asphyxia (33.8%) in the death causes, we understand how the VLBW decrease to the levels of the other regions would bring about a remarkable decrease of the neonatal death rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244539 TI - [Rett syndrome: clinical aspects and EEG for an early diagnostic assessment]. AB - Clinical and EEG findings have been analysed in six patients with Rett syndrome with a mean follow-up of 3 years and 9 months. After reviewing the diagnostic criteria for inclusion, which are essentially clinical, we emphasize two aspects which have been shortly considered in the literature: a) epileptic seizures, b) peculiar differential characteristics between primary autism and the Rett syndrome behaviour. Moreover, we underline the importance of serial EEG poligraphic records for early diagnosis. PMID- 3244540 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of thymomodulin in children with recurrent respiratory infections]. AB - Numerous trials of prophylaxis of recurrent respiratory infections in children have been performed, even though the only controlled trials providing incontrovertible results were the ones carried out with levamisole and thymostimulin through intramuscular administration. We have experimented a calf thymic extract administered by oral route (thymomodulin). During the summer we enrolled 40 children aged between 3.5, and 9 years who had suffered from RRI during the previous winter. The patients were randomly divided in two groups and respectively treated with thymomodulin or with placebo; 21 children were given the thymic extract and 19 the placebo. The trial was carried out according to a double-blind schedule for a period of four months, from the beginning of October '84. At the end of the trial we assessed the catharral bouts observed during the research period by the family doctors and the parents evaluation on the clinical state. The difference between the two groups is statistically highly significant both with reference to the reduction of the total number of catharral bouts and to the general clinical state according to the parents opinion. The research clearly demonstrates the protective effect of the thymomodulin, probably due to the "restorative" effect on some immunological functions, temporarily compromised during the infection bouts. PMID- 3244542 TI - [Space and time in rooming-in: a survey among mothers]. AB - From a psychological point of view as well as in regard to facilitating breast feeding, the practise of rooming-in is most favorable to the wellbeing of the mother-newborn relationship. An important but little researched point is whether the mother may accept rooming-in in respect to time periods, space and the manner in which it is carried out. The results of this study have made evident that time demand by the mother for contact between mother and newborn is inferior to that which is provided by the hospital, this is probably due to the lack of private space available. PMID- 3244541 TI - [Behavior of bronchial reactivity in 50 children before and after exclusion of food allergens]. AB - In this study the author has purposed to demonstrated that the food allergens increase the bronchoreactivity. This studied group was formed by 50 boys with chronic rhinitis and/or nasal perennial and/or laryngeal and bronchial obstruction, unresponsive to aeroallergens but responsive to food allergens determined with FBST test. This test is performed by making the patient go on an anallergic diet (formed by tapioca's flour, rabbit, olive oil, beets, lettuce, pear, sugar, salt for seven days). The first week are controlled the spirometric values and every week is introduced a new food with ambulatory control of spirometric values and of Raw and control of domiciliary PEF. The "trapped" reaction is "retard" with fall of all spirometric values at food allergens introduction. Then 15 boys undergone test of free running for six minutes, 15 the aspecific metacholine test and 10 both proofs. Then the 40 boys executed the food allergens exclusion from diet for a three months period; a control group of 10 boys executed the free running and the metacholine ABS and then the diagnosis of food allergens but kept a free diet. After three months the boys repeated the proofs. The group of 40 boys who executed the food allergens exclusion showed and heavy diminution of bronchoreactivity either with free running test either with metacholine ABS test. PMID- 3244543 TI - [A rare cause of occult neuropathic bladder in children: the tethered cord syndrome]. AB - The tethered cord syndrome is a form of spinal dysraphism in which a short, thickened filum terminale prevents the ascent of the conus medullaris and intraspinal lipoma causes compression upon the caudal part of the spinal cord. In pediatric age the first symptoms are urological: urinary incontinence and infection. Diagnosis is performed with urodynamic studies followed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Tethered cord syndrome is no obvious cause of a neurogenic bladder. When this pathological conditions is recognized properly and an operation is performed early the likelihood of improvement is rather high. The authors report a case of tethered cord syndrome in a girl seven years old. PMID- 3244544 TI - [Hereditary intolerance to fructose in infants. Presentation of a clinical case]. AB - One case of hereditary fructose intolerance is examined: the disease was known exceptionally early when the baby was about two months old. The case is classified and described with the metabolic alterations typical of the syndrome and then it is examined stressing the difficulty in diagnosing it at such an early stage of the baby's life and the possibility of worsening the symptoms with unsuitable treatments (i.e. use of solutions fructose-containing). The author concludes advising to use the utmost care in feeding the baby since its birth in order to avoid an early administration of potentially dangerous carbohydrates. PMID- 3244545 TI - [Chronic normocalcemic constitutional tetany: clinic and etiopathogenic aspects. Description of a case]. AB - Tetany is a state of hyperexcitability of the central and peripheral nervous system due to abnormal concentrations of serum electrolytes. However tetanic individuals without any detectable abnormalities, are also encountered. This last condition has been named "chronic normocalcemic tetany or spasmophilia". The case here reported, allows the authors to review the literature concerning normocalcemic tetany and let them focus on two similar and sometimes overlapping entities, spasmophilia and hyperventilation syndrome, both common causes of recurrent, atypical symptoms and tetany. PMID- 3244546 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in a girl with thalassemia major]. AB - The Authors report the case of a child affected with Thalassemia Major who has presented a Yersinia Enterocolitica infection in a septicemial form. They point out that the clinical overture and its swift evolution with heart involvement make the diagnosis and the treatment difficult and, at the same time, urgent. They talk about the conditions which promote the septicaemia in this hemopathy. PMID- 3244547 TI - [Non-rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. Presentation of a clinical case]. AB - Is described one case of non-rhizomelic chondro-dysplasia punctata; after an introduction in which the disease is considered in its nosography and ways of genetic transmission and the symptoms are described, the case is examined stressing the gravity of epiphyseal calcifications and the unusual localization of some of them together with megabladder and megacolon. The AA. conclude pointing out the main role of the x-ray examination in the diagnosis of the syndrome. PMID- 3244548 TI - Does continuous intrapartum fetal monitoring predict long-term neurological disorders? PMID- 3244549 TI - Fumes from the spleen. PMID- 3244550 TI - Drugs in pregnancy and birth--some concerns. PMID- 3244551 TI - Diabetes in pregnancy: maternal and infant outcome. AB - Previous studies have shown that diabetic women more commonly have complications of pregnancy and adverse infant outcomes than do other women. However, most of the studies have not evaluated women with gestational diabetes separately. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnancy complications and infant morbidity and mortality among births to women with gestational diabetes and women with established diabetes. Birth certificate data from 1984 in Washington State linked with death certificate data provided information on complications of pregnancy and infant outcome for 422 gestational diabetics and 144 established diabetics. A comparison group of 856 non-diabetic women who delivered a child was selected at random. Both established and gestational diabetic women were more likely to be reported to develop pre-eclampsia (relative risk (RR) = 4.0 and 9.6). Established and gestational diabetic women were also at increased risk of delivery by Caesarean section (RR = 2.1 and 5.0). Infants of established diabetics had a higher risk of congenital anomalies (RR = 7.6) than infants of non-diabetics and were at increased risk of death in the first 4 weeks (RR = 7.9) and the first year of life (RR = 5.0). Gestational diabetics were more likely to have high birthweight babies (greater than 4000 g) (RR = 2.1) while established diabetics were more likely to have babies at either extreme of birthweight (greater than 4000 g, RR = 1.7; less than 2500 g, RR = 3.2). We conclude that both gestational and established diabetes are associated with important increases in risk of pregnancy complications and adverse infant outcomes. PMID- 3244552 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus in a cohort of 1338 preterm infants: a collaborative study. AB - As part of a prospective national survey on morbidity and mortality of all infants born at less than 32 weeks and/or weighing less than 1500 g in the Netherlands we studied the incidence of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in infants surviving at least 24 hours. In 1252 of the 1338 infants the presence or absence of PDA could be established. The incidence of PDA was 10.7%. Logistic regression analyses revealed that idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) was the most predictive factor, followed in order of importance by septicaemia, birthweight, prolonged rupture of membranes and gestational age. None of the other maternal and perinatal factors showed any association with the occurrence of PDA. Furthermore, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) were found to be sequelae of PDA. The combination of IRDS, very pre-term birth and septicaemia should be considered as high risk for the development of PDA. PMID- 3244553 TI - Use of antibiotics and prescription drugs in general during the first 9 years of life in a Swedish community. AB - The use of antibiotic drugs and of prescription drugs in general during the first 9 years of life was studied among all 1701 children born in a Swedish municipality. Cumulative proportions of children who had received one or more prescriptions for any type of drug and for different groups of antibiotic drugs were estimated by life-table methods. The effects on drug use of the gender and the birth order of the child along with the age, citizenship and marital status of the mother were analysed by Cox's proportional hazards regression model. Half of the children had received at least one prescription for any drug after 0.6 years and at least one prescription for any antibiotic drug after 1.8 years. Higher proportions of children with prescriptions for all drugs and for all antibiotic drugs were found among males than females, among those with older siblings compared with first-borns and among children of younger mothers compared with those of older mothers. PMID- 3244554 TI - Interpretation of indices of fetal pulmonary maturity by gestational age. PMID- 3244555 TI - Pancreastatin distribution and plasma levels in the pig. AB - Pancreastatin is a peptide isolated from porcine pancreas which has insulin suppressive actions in vitro and sequence homology with chromogranin A. Using radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry we investigated whether pancreastatin has a more widespread distribution and a possible endocrine role in the pig. Pancreastatin immunoreactivity was found in plasma, adrenal gland, pancreas, anterior pituitary and throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The immunoreactivity was colocalized with chromogranin immunoreactivity in endocrine cells and ultrastructurally (in the pancreas) to storage granules. Characterization of pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity, using gel permeation and high performance liquid chromatography, separated 3 different pancreastatin-like immunoreactive forms: one molecular form, indistinguishable from synthetic pancreastatin 1-49, was predominant in pancreas and thyroid and released into the circulation postprandially. However, a high dose (greater than 1 nmol/l) infusion of pancreastatin 33-49 (the biologically active moiety in vitro) into conscious pigs had no effect on either basal or glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. PMID- 3244556 TI - NPY-like peptides occur in the nervous system and midgut of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria and in the brain of the grey fleshfly, Sarcophaga bullata. AB - The distribution of the NPY-like substances in the nervous system and the midgut of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria and in the brain of the grey fleshfly, Sarcophaga bullata was determined by immunocytochemistry using an antiserum directed against synthetic porcine NPY. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure revealed that NPY immunoreactive cell bodies and nerve fibers were observed in the brain, optic lobes, corpora cardiaca, suboesophageal ganglion and ventral nerve cord of the locust and in the brain, optic lobes and suboesophageal ganglion of the fleshfly. In the locust midgut, numerous endocrine cells and nerve fibers penetrating the outer musculature contained NPY-like immunoreactivity. The concentrations of NPY immunoreactive material in acetic acid extracts of locust brain, optic lobes, thoracic ganglia, ovaries and midguts was measured using a specific radioimmunoassay technique. The dilution curves of the crude tissue extracts were parallel to the standard curve. The highest amount of NPY-like immunoreactivity was found in the locust ovary and midgut. Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and radioimmunoassay were used to characterize the NPY-like substances in the locust brain and midgut. HPLC analysis revealed that NPY-immunoreactivity in the locust brain eluted as three separate peaks. The major peak corresponded to a peptide less hydrophobic than synthetic porcine NPY. RP-HPLC analysis of midgut extracts revealed the presence of an additional NPY-immunoreactive peak which had a retention time similar to the porcine NPY standard. The present data show the existence of a widespread network of NPY immunoreactive neurons in the nervous system of the locust and the fleshfly. Characterization of the immunoreactive substances indicates that peptides similar but not identical to porcine NPY are present in the central nervous system and midgut of insects. PMID- 3244557 TI - Cholecystokinin and cholecystokinin antagonists enhance postsynaptic excitability in the dentate gyrus. AB - The sulfated and unsulfated octapeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) sequences and the pancreatic CCK antagonists, CR 1409 and benzotript, were applied iontophoretically in the rat dentate gyrus granular layer while the response evoked by single pulse stimulation of the perforant path was recorded. The stimulating current was varied and the resulting relationship between the slope of the response (input) against the population spike amplitude (output) was used as a measure of excitability at the granule cell synapse. All four test compounds shifted the input/output curve to the left indicating an increase in postsynaptic excitability. These results thus imply that endogenous CCK acts at the central type of CCK receptor to modulate cortical input to granule cells by reducing the threshold for synaptic excitation. PMID- 3244558 TI - Effects of synthetic kassinin on splanchnic circulation and exocrine pancreas in dogs. AB - Effects of intravenously administered synthetic kassinin on splanchnic circulation and exocrine pancreatic secretion were examined in six anesthetized dogs. Kassinin caused dose-related increases in the blood flow in superior mesenteric artery and portal vein, and produced an initial increase followed by a decrease in pancreatic blood flow, but did not affect the exocrine pancreatic secretion. This study demonstrates that kassinin affects splanchnic blood flow in dogs, and suggests that kassinin or a kassinin-like substance functions as a neuropeptide controlling the splanchnic circulation in mammalian species. PMID- 3244559 TI - Effects of systemic pancreastatin on memory retention. AB - Pancreastatin, a peptide isolated from the pancreas, was shown to enhance memory retention after peripheral administration in mice when administration following T maze footshock avoidance training. The effect of pancreastatin on memory retention, one week after training, was time dependent showing enhancement of retention when pancreastatin was administered 0 and 30 min but not 60 min after training. Pancreastatin reversed the amnesia produced by scopolamine. The pancreastatin fragment (33-49) also enhanced memory. Pancreastatin did not increase glucose in vivo. We conclude that peripherally administered pancreastatin modulates memory processing. PMID- 3244560 TI - Influence of altitude and caffeine during rest and exercise on plasma levels of proenkephalin peptide F. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the resting and exercise response patterns of plasma Peptide F immunoreactivity (ir) to altitude exposure (4300 m) and caffeine ingestion (4 mg.kg b.w.-1). Nine healthy male subjects performed exercise tests to exhaustion (80-85% VO2max) at sea level (50 m), during an acute altitude exposure (1 hr, hypobaric chamber, 4300 m) and after a chronic (17-day sojourn, 4300 m) altitude exposure. Using a randomized, double-blind/placebo experimental design, a placebo or caffeine drink was ingested 1 hour prior to exercise. Exercise (without caffeine) significantly (p less than 0.05) increased plasma Peptide F ir values during exercise at chronic altitude only. Caffeine ingestion significantly increased plasma Peptide F ir concentrations during exercise and in the postexercise period at sea level. Conversely caffeine ingestion at altitude resulted in significant reductions in the postexercise plasma Peptide F ir values. The results of this study demonstrate that the exercise and recovery response patterns of plasma Peptide F ir may be significantly altered by altitude exposure and caffeine ingestion. These data support further study examining relationships between Peptide F (and other enkephalin-containing polypeptides) and epinephrine release in response to these types of physiological stresses. PMID- 3244561 TI - Biochemical characterization of FMRF-NH2-like peptides in spinal cords of various mammalian species using specific radioimmunoassays. AB - Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2 (F-8-F-NH2) and Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Ser-Ser Pro-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2 (A-18-F-NH2), originally detected by FMRF-NH2 antiserum and subsequently isolated from bovine brain, were found to be highly localized in the bovine spinal cord. Using specific radioimmunoassays coupled with HPLC, F-8-F-NH2 and A-18-F-NH2 immunoreactivities in spinal cord of bovine, rat, mouse, guinea pig and human were studied. One major F-8-F-NH2 immunoreactivity was detected in the spinal cord of every species except in human, however, the retention time of F-8-F-NH2 immunoreactivity appears to vary from species to species. In the human spinal cord three major F-8-F-NH2 immunoreactivities are detected and one of them was eluted in the position of F-8 F-NH2. Two major A-18-F-NH2 immunoreactivities were detected in every species except guinea pig; one of these immunoreactivities can be identified as F-8-F-NH2 immunoreactivity due to the high affinity of the A-18-F-NH2 antiserum to F-8-F NH2. F-8-F-NH2 and A-18-F-NH2 immunoreactivities can also be clearly detected by FMRF-NH2 antiserum, however, the quantities of these peptides can be grossly underestimated by the FMRF-NH2 RIA. These results confirm that there is a novel system of FMRF-NH2-like peptides in mammalian CNS and some of them are more closely related to the bovine peptides, F-8-F-NH2 and A-18-F-NH2 than to FMRF NH2. PMID- 3244562 TI - Acute intravenous calcitonin: failure to modify systemic blood pressure. AB - Calcium and a principal calcium-regulating hormone, PTH, have been characterized as possessing vasoactive properties in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Calcitonin is another calcium-regulating peptide with primary, but opposing effects on many of the same target organs, and capable of modifying both extracellular and intracellular calcium distribution. We sought to determine whether calcitonin, like PTH, exhibits vasoactivity in the SHR and its control, the Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). Three male SHR and 3 male normotensive WKY received intravenous injections (range 1-100 micrograms/kg) of synthetic human calcitonin. Seven SHR and 7 WKY received equivalent doses of the more potent peptide, synthetic salmon calcitonin. Intraarterial pressure was monitored continuously. Neither analog of calcitonin produced significant changes in blood pressure. Serum ionized calcium levels 30 minutes postinjection were unchanged from baseline in the WKY; in the SHR, postinjection serum ionized calcium levels were significantly lower than baseline values (pre = 1.12 +/- 0.01 mmol/l vs. post 1.08 +/- 0.01 mmol/l, p less than 0.05). We conclude that calcitonin modifies extracellular calcium, but does not have demonstrable, acute systemic cardiovascular effects. PMID- 3244563 TI - Endooligopeptidase A activity in rabbit heart: generation of enkephalin from enkephalin containing peptides. AB - Two endopeptidases displaying similar specificities towards peptide hormone substrates but differing in molecular size have been identified in rabbit heart and isolated by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and preparative gel electrophoresis. These two enzymes share several properties with the previously described rabbit brain endooligopeptidase A. They were shown to produce, by a single peptide bond cleavage, [Met5] enkephalin and [Leu5]enkephalin from small enkephalin containing peptides. They also hydrolyze the Phe5-Ser5 bond of bradykinin and the Arg8-Arg9 bond of neurotensin. Characteristically, the activity of both low and high Mr enzymes is restricted to oligopeptides. Both forms of heart endooligopeptidase A are inhibited by antibodies raised against the brain enzyme. When electrophoresed in SDS polyacrylamide gel under denaturing conditions, the low Mr heart enzyme shows a major band of Mr = 73,000, comparable in size to the brain enzyme. The SDS-PAGE of the high and low Mr enzymes analyzed by immunoblotting with an antibody raised against low Mr brain endooligopeptidase A, showed a major antigen band corresponding to Mr = 72,000. In addition, immunoblotting has also demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody antitubulin reacts with a polypeptide corresponding to Mr = 50,000 present in the purified high Mr endooligopeptidase A. Both enzymes are activated by dithiothreitol and inhibited by thiol reagents, but are not affected by leupeptin, DFP or EDTA, thus indicating that they should be classified as nonlysosomal cysteinyl-endooligopeptidase A. PMID- 3244564 TI - Circadian variations of vasopressin level and vasopressin-converting aminopeptidase activity in the rat pineal gland. AB - Vasopressin levels and vasopressin-converting aminopeptidase activity were measured in the rat pineal gland during the 24 hr light-dark cycle. A rhythmic variation in peptide levels and peptidase activity occurred. At the onset of light at 6.00 hr, the peptidase displayed a significant, short-lasting (approximately 3 hr) increase of about 35% in activity, while a decrease of 28% in pineal vasopressin levels was observed. The changes in peptidase activity and peptide level were not triggered by light per se, since they persisted to occur at the same time point in animals which were not exposed to light, indicating the circadian nature of the rhythmicity. These changes were specific to the pineal gland, since other tissues, like hippocampus and pituitary gland, did not show these daily variations. The data suggest a relationship between vasopressin levels and vasopressin-converting aminopeptidase activity. PMID- 3244565 TI - Drinking to intracerebroventricularly infused angiotensin II, III, and IV in the SHR. AB - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) revealed exaggerated water consumption to the intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of angiotensin II (AII), and angiotensin III (AIII), as compared with Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) normotensive rat strains, in agreement with an earlier report (30) that employed ICV bolus injections of AII and AIII. However, the ICV infusion of AII(3 8) (AIV) did not yield reliable drinking. A second hypothesis that the infusion of AII and AIII would yield equivalent drinking within members of each strain, as previously observed with bolus ICV injections in SD rats, was not confirmed. In contrast, ICV infusion of AII yielded greater water intake than AIII in members of each strain tested. These results suggest that the slow infusion of these ligands allowed endogenous aminopeptidases to adequately keep pace with the degradation of these peptides in contrast with bolus injections that could temporarily saturate the available aminopeptidases thus extending the half-life of the ligand. PMID- 3244566 TI - Peripheral and central satiety factors in neuropeptide Y-induced feeding in rats. AB - In the first study, injection of NPY into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) caused a robust feeding effect that was attenuated by intravenous infusions of glucose, but not fructose. It is suggested that increased blood glucose has a direct central effect on NPY feeding mechanisms. In a second study, and contrary to a previous report, peripheral administration of CCK-8 had a marked satiety effect in NPY-treated rats. Thus, NPY-induced feeding is, at least for a short time, possibly subject to the satiating action of prandially-released CCK. In a final study, NPY was shown to be without effect on gastric emptying of a solid test meal. PMID- 3244567 TI - Cholecystokinin-58 is the major molecular form in man, dog and cat but not in pig, beef and rat intestine. AB - Cholecystokinin (CCK)-58 was found to be the most abundant form in upper small intestinal mucosa of man, dog and cat. However, in pig, beef and rat upper small intestinal mucosa CCK-33/39 and smaller CCK-forms were dominant. The differences in the distribution of the molecular forms of cholecystokinin between these species presumably reflects altered posttranslational processing of procholecystokinin. This may be caused by the different feeding habits of the investigated species. The different forms of cholecystokinin were distributed over the entire length of the mucosa in canine small intestine. The total amount of CCK decreased from the duodenal mucosa towards the colon. In the canine duodenal mucosa, CCK-58 accounted for 85% of the total CCK-like immunoreactivity. The relative amounts of small forms of CCK increased towards the distal jejunum. PMID- 3244568 TI - Opioid peptides within the midbrain periaqueductal gray suppress affective defense behavior in the cat. AB - The effects of the methionine-enkephalin analog [D-Ala2-Met5]-enkephalinamide (DAME) upon the threshold for affective defense behavior were determined following microinjections placed into midbrain periaqueductal gray sites from which this response was elicited. Affective defense behavior was elicited by electrical stimulation through a cannula electrode situated in the dorsal aspect of the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Dose-response curves characterizing the effects of DAME upon affective defense behavior were determined utilizing the following doses: 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 microgram in 0.5 microliter saline, pH = 7.4 or vehicle control (saline). Response thresholds were tested 10-30, 30-60, 60-90, 120-150, 180-210, 1440-1470 and 2880-2910 min postinjection. The results obtained indicated that injections of DAME at a dose of 1.0 microgram/0.5 microliter produced significant, long duration elevations in affective defense thresholds, lasting up to 1440-1470 min postinjection. Lower doses of DAME (0.25 and 0.5 microgram/0.5 microliter) also resulted in significant increases in affective defense thresholds, but these effects were of shorter durations (60-90 and 120 150 min) postinjection, respectively. The suppressive effects of DAME were blocked when animals were pretreated with naloxone (10 micrograms/0.5 microliter) microinjected into the same midbrain periaqueductal gray site into which 0.25 microgram DAME was injected and affective defense behavior was elicited. PMID- 3244569 TI - [24-hour ambulatory monitoring in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3244570 TI - [Control of hematologic adverse effects of antineoplastic drugs]. PMID- 3244571 TI - [Hodgkin's disease--a curable disease]. PMID- 3244572 TI - [Reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy using an island flap from the latissimus dorsi muscle without endoprosthesis]. PMID- 3244573 TI - [A case of prolymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3244574 TI - [Introductory lecture on pathologic anatomy for the 3d-year students at the I Medical Department, Medical Academy, in Warsaw on October 2, 1987]. PMID- 3244575 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis or Hodgkin's disease--diagnostic error or one of the forms of Wegener's granulomatosis?]. PMID- 3244576 TI - [Morphological changes in the pancreas in relation to the time of the operation in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis]. PMID- 3244577 TI - [Causes of failure of the endoscopy of the upper segment of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3244578 TI - [Study of the acidity of gastric contents determined by pH-metry after fractional administration Of Krynica mineral water Zuber III]. PMID- 3244579 TI - [Pseudomalignant obstruction of the large intestine]. PMID- 3244580 TI - [Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis]. PMID- 3244581 TI - [Personal experience: is detection of cancer of the large intestine associated with gastric bezoar a diagnostic problem?]. PMID- 3244582 TI - [Analysis of the indications for and the results of the cytogenetic tests in 826 patients with suspected chromosome aberrations]. PMID- 3244583 TI - [Hyperuricemia in various diseases in children]. PMID- 3244584 TI - [Familial mucolipidosis type II (I-cell disease)]. PMID- 3244586 TI - [Clinical pathology of hydatidiform mole]. PMID- 3244585 TI - [A case of multiglandular hormonal deficiency type I]. PMID- 3244587 TI - [Evolution of pathocenosis]. PMID- 3244588 TI - [Insulin-like growth factors]. PMID- 3244589 TI - [Effect of water immersion on blood adrenaline and noradrenaline levels in patients with obesity]. PMID- 3244590 TI - [Effect of the substitute treatment of hypothyroidism on echocardiographic changes]. PMID- 3244591 TI - [Effect of the health resort treatment in Wysowa on the adrenal cortex function]. PMID- 3244592 TI - [A typical complications of using stimulating substances in sports]. PMID- 3244593 TI - [Clinical picture of mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 3244594 TI - [Disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction in 107 patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 3244595 TI - [Susceptibility to the development of supraventricular arrhythmia in patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 3244596 TI - [Disorders of magnesium and calcium metabolism in mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 3244597 TI - [Results of the compensatory treatment of disorders of magnesium and calcium metabolism in mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 3244598 TI - Meconium peritonitis in stillbirths. AB - Meconium peritonitis is a sterile, chemical peritonitis resulting from perforation of the bowel in perinatal life. In stillbirths meconium peritonitis is extremely rare. We report the autopsy findings in three fetuses ranging from 21-39 weeks gestation in which meconium peritonitis was identified. Maternal history in two cases was suggestive of possible fetal hypoxia. No family history of cystic fibrosis was discerned. One fetus was hydropic and abdominal calcifications were noted on postmortem radiograph. Gross evidence of meconium in the peritoneal cavity, visceral adhesions, and serosal nodules were noted in two fetuses. Nodules of calcified meconium seen by microscopy were the only clues to diagnosis in the third fetus. The discovery of meconium peritonitis at autopsy may be the only residual evidence of antecedent bowel perforation. We suggest that intrauterine hypoxia may play a role in the development of meconium peritonitis in some cases. PMID- 3244599 TI - Normal length of the human fetal gastrointestinal tract. AB - Little information is available on the normal length of the gastrointestinal tract in fetuses or on factors that may affect its growth. To determine normal growth patterns of the fetal intestine, 58 fetuses received in the Central Laboratory for Human Embryology between January 1, 1987, and July 1, 1988, in which no abnormalities were noted on autopsy, were studied. The gastrointestinal tract was removed from the fetus en bloc from the esophagogastric junction to the pelvic floor and dissected. Measurements of stomach, small and large intestines, and appendix length were made and correlated with gestational age as determined by footlength. Overall growth of the gastrointestinal tract as well as that of each component was linear with respect to gestational age. In addition, five fetuses with omphalocele, 16 with cardiac malformations, and 20 with chromosomal abnormalities were studied. The total lengths of the gastrointestinal tracts in the first group were below the normal range in four of five fetuses. Those with cardiac defects had intestinal lengths below the mean, but the measurements were abnormal in only three. In both groups those fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities appeared to have shorter intestinal tracts than those with normal or unknown karyotypes. The gastrointestinal tracts of aneuploid fetuses fell within the normal range until approximately 20 weeks gestation, after which growth decreased. This growth failure may reflect the growth retardation seen in fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities. PMID- 3244600 TI - Presacral mesenchymoma: a case report. AB - A 4-year-old girl with a presacral benign mesenchymoma is reported. The nature of the tumor was not recognized preoperatively or intraoperatively. There was evidence of pericapsular infiltration of the soft tissues of the pelvis but not signs of malignancy. A follow-up examination after 3 months indicates that the patient has no clinical evidence of recurrence. Review of the English literature shows the rarity of benign mesenchymoma in childhood and the lack of reports of its occurrence in the pelvis. PMID- 3244601 TI - Spindle cell sarcoma of the heart in childhood: light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical evidence for smooth muscle, endothelial, and fibroblastic differentiation. AB - We describe the clinical presentation and pathological features of a cardiac sarcoma that occurred within the right atrial cavity of a 14-year-old boy. The patient presented with a 2-month history of increasingly severe heart failure. Tumor tissue obtained by biopsy showed light microscopic features of leiomyosarcoma. Immunohistochemical reactions and ultrastructural studies provided evidence of tumor cell differentiation along three cell lines--smooth muscle, fibroblastic, and endothelial--suggestive of origin from a multipotent subendothelial reserve cell. Postmortem examination disclosed a large necrotic tumor filling the right atrial chamber. Implants were present on the pericardium, but there were no other metastatic lesions. The difficulty of making a diagnosis of these rare neoplasms when the tumor is small and potentially curable results in a grim prognosis. PMID- 3244602 TI - Liquid chromatographic analysis of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: application to pharmacokinetic studies in the mongrel dog. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for the determination of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in serum or plasma. Plasma DEHP concentrations that were measured by HPLC in specimens obtained from hemodialysis patients were in good agreement with corresponding concentrations that were measured by gas chromatography with selected ion monitoring (GC-SIM) (r2 = 0.996). Plasma DEHP concentrations were measured after intravenous DEHP administration (1.2-4.4 mg DEHP/kg body weight) to determine the effect of bilateral ureteral ligation on DEHP elimination in the mongrel dog. DEHP plasma clearance (approximately 6.3 ml/min/kg), steady-state distribution volume (approximately 0.21/kg), and terminal half-life (approximately 50 min) were unchanged in two dogs following bilateral ureteral ligation. DEHP terminal half life and steady-state distribution volume were substantially smaller (25- to 70 fold) than reported previously in the rat or dog. PMID- 3244603 TI - Release of lonapalene from two-phase emulsion-type ointment systems. AB - The in vitro release of lonapalene, a novel nonsteroidal antipsoriatic agent, was studied from two-phase emulsion-type ointment systems into a perfect sink of propylene carbonate at 32 degrees C. Lonapalene was completely solubilized in the ointments consisting of an internal phase of propylene carbonate (PC)-propylene glycol (PG) mixture dispersed within an external phase of a petrolatum base. The PC:PG ratio was varied to investigate separately the effects of (1) the initial concentration of lonapalene, (2) its saturation level, and (3) the volume fraction of the internal phase. The release profile consisted of an initial release rate which was higher than the ensuing diffusion-controlled release rate. The initial rate was attributed to the release of lonapalene from the surface globules of internal phase directly into the sink. Both rates increased with increasing lonapalene initial concentration in the ointment. For ointment systems in which the saturation level of lonapalene was kept constant, neither release rate was affected by the increasing volume fraction of the internal phase up to 12%. Further increase in this volume fraction to 25% afforded a significantly higher initial rate, while the diffusion-controlled rate was unchanged. However, an increase in the volume fraction of the internal phase with a concomitant decrease in the saturation level of lonapalene in the ointment resulted in a decrease in the initial rates and, to a lesser degree, the diffusion-controlled release rates. The diffusion coefficient in the external phase, calculated from the effective diffusion coefficient, was (2.68 +/- 0.24) X 10(-9) cm2/sec. PMID- 3244604 TI - Porous biodegradable microspheres for controlled drug delivery. I. Assessment of processing conditions and solvent removal techniques. AB - Microspheres containing methylene blue and prednisolone acetate were prepared by one of three methods: freeze-drying, evaporation, and solvent-extraction precipitation. An extremely porous structure was obtained by the freeze-dry and solvent-extraction-precipitation procedures. The specific surface area of 6.33 microns particles was 20.6 m2/g, or 35 times that of a particle devoid of pores, and the void space was 59-61%. The sphericity, size, and yields of the microspheres were influenced by the preparation procedure, surfactant type and concentration, temperature of the continuous phase, polymer concentration in the dispersed phase, and ratio of marker to polymer. The most suitable processing conditions were a polymer concentration of 5-10%, a marker loading of 10%, 0.1% sorbitan sesquioleate as the surfactant, and temperature adjustment of the continuous phase from 15 to 50 degrees C following the addition of the dispersed phase. Complete release of the highly water soluble methylene blue occurred within 72 hr, while the less soluble prednisolone acetate released much more slowly, i.e., 90% after 7 days. The microspheres remained relatively intact during the in vitro release of methylene blue, confirming that the incorporated agent was confined to the walls of the porous network. Collapse of the polymer structure was evident after 7 days. The release therefore was believed to be governed principally by the solubility of the drug and the porosity of the matrix. PMID- 3244605 TI - Structural determination of testosterone esters in oil injectables by thermospray mass spectrometry. AB - In the absence of analytical reference standards, the combination of thermospray and collision-activated dissociation mass spectrometry has been utilized to separate and identify the presence of several esters of testosterone in imported oil injectables. Structural identifications were based on generic daughter ions considered diagnostic of the steroidal ring structure of these anabolic steroids as well as daughter ions representative of the ester alkyl or aryl side chains. PMID- 3244606 TI - Comparison of output particle size distributions from pressurized aerosols formulated as solutions or suspensions. AB - The delivery of particles as small as possible (preferably less than 5 microns) to the respiratory tract should be the aim of those formulating metered dose inhalers (MDIs). This may be facilitated by the formulation of solution, rather than suspension-type, pressurized aerosol units. Two series of MDIs were compared; one contained suspended micronized disodium fluorescein (0.1%, w/v), while the other contained the same concentration of dissolved salicylic acid. Either oleic acid, L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine, or sorbitan trioleate was incorporated at 0.15% (w/v) as suspending agent (disodium fluorescein) or solubilizing agent (salicylic acid). The propellant blend was 70% (w/w) Freon 12 and 30% (w/w) Freon 11 in all cases. This exhibited a vapor pressure of 50.6 psig (444.7 kPa) at 21 degrees C. The output particle size distribution of the aerosol reaching the cascade impactor showed a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of approximately 4 and 2 microns for the suspension and solution formulations respectively, regardless of the surfactant used. Larger MMADs were observed for solution aerosols formulated with oleic acid (2.32 microns) compared to those containing L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (1.93 microns) or sorbitan trioleate (2.07 microns). Possible reasons for these observations are discussed. PMID- 3244607 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in humans following oral administration of tablets with different absorption rates. AB - Ibuprofen (IB) is a racemic drug and is administered as such. While activity is due mainly to the S enantiomer, pharmacokinetic interpretations, as well as criteria to assess the bioequivalence of IB formulations, are based on measurements of the total (S + R) drug concentrations. IB enantiomers possess different disposition properties mainly as a result of R-to-S isomeric bioinversion. Inversion is maximal during the absorption phase, suggesting, perhaps, involvement of a presystemic process. This concept was evaluated in healthy subjects by crossover administration of four IB tablets having different absorption rates. The plasma concentrations of the individual isomers were measured using a stereospecific gas chromatographic assay. Differences among the products were insignificant with respect to the extent to the absorption. The S:R concentration ratios rose for 4 to 6 hr and then remained relatively unchanged. This observation was consistent with equal terminal t1/2 values for the enantiomers. There were significant differences between the peak times (Tmax) of the products. The S:R ratios of the concentrations at Tmax of S and AUC also differed; significant positive correlations were found between Tmax and the S:R ratios of Cmax. Thus the extent of R-to-S inversion, and hence the potency of a racemic dose of IB, may be absorption rate dependent. PMID- 3244608 TI - Prodrugs for improved oral beta-estradiol bioavailability. AB - Prodrugs of beta-estradiol (1) were prepared with the objective of improving its oral bioavailability. beta-Estradiol-3-acetylsalicylate (2), beta-estradiol-3 salicylate (3), and beta-estradiol-3-anthranilate (4) were synthesized. With these prodrugs the 3-phenolic hydroxy group of estradiol was protected, so that first-pass conjugative metabolism could be reduced. Prodrug hydrolysis rates in dog and human plasma in vitro were determined. Deacetylation of estradiol-3 acetylsalicylate was much more rapid than its hydrolysis to estradiol. In dogs, oral estradiol bioavailability after administration of 2 and 4 was 17-fold and 5 fold higher, respectively, than after oral 1. PMID- 3244609 TI - The effect of food on the absorption of controlled-release theophylline in mini swine. AB - The effect of differing fat contents of food on the bioavailability of theophylline following a 400-mg single dose of Theo-24 was studied in mini-swine. The pharmacokinetics of theophylline, following the intravenous administration of aminophylline equivalent to 5 mg/kg as a single dose, were also studied in the same animals. The terminal plasma half-life of theophylline following an i.v. dose was found to be approximately 24 hr. The volume of distribution, Vdext, and clearance following the i.v. dose were approximately 0.7 liter/kg and 0.023 liter/hr/kg, respectively. The terminal half-life of theophylline following the administration of theophylline capsules under fasting conditions was 21 hr. The average bioavailability under fasting conditions was approximately 80% compared to the i.v. dose. Food appeared to have decreased the rate of absorption but no significant effect on the extent of absorption. PMID- 3244610 TI - Stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay of fenoprofen enantiomers in plasma and urine. AB - A new high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of enantiomers of fenoprofen (FEN) was developed. Following the addition of internal standard (IS; racemic ketoprofen), the plasma or urine constituents are extracted into a mixture of isooctane:isopropanol (95:5), back extracted into water, and finally, extracted into chloroform. After evaporation of the organic layer, the drug and IS are derivatized with l leucinamide hydrochloride via ethyl chloroformate intermediate. The formed diastereoisomers are chromatographed on a reversed-phase HPLC with a mobile phase consisting of monopotassium phosphate solution:acetonitrile:triethylamine (65:35:0.02) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection UV wavelengths are 232 and 275 for the drug and IS, respectively. The suitability of the assay for pharmacokinetic analysis of FEN enantiomers was examined by analysis of the plasma and urine samples taken from a healthy subject, following peroral administration of a single 300-mg dose of racemic FEN. PMID- 3244611 TI - An area function method for estimating the apparent absorption rate constant. AB - A new method for calculation of the apparent absorption rate constant of a drug has been derived based on the relationship between the plasma concentrations after an oral dose and the area intervals under both the oral and the intravenous plasma concentration-time curves. The method is a noncompartmental technique evolved from the convolution integral and does not use any theoretical approximation. It has been evaluated and compared with nonlinear regression analysis using NONLIN84 and moment analysis using both errorless and errant data. The approach is as adequate as nonlinear regression analysis under a variety of conditions but offers ease and simplicity in handling experimental data. PMID- 3244612 TI - Effect of taurolithocholate on in vivo sulfation and glucuronidation of acetaminophen in rats. AB - Taurolithocholate produces a prompt, complete, and reversible cessation of bile flow in rats. This is associated with impaired hepatic oxidative drug metabolizing activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of taurolithocholate-induced cholestasis on in vivo conjugation. The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and the two major processes specifically responsible for its elimination, namely, the formations of acetaminophen sulfate and acetaminophen glucuronide, were used to assess hepatic conjugating activity. A 30-mg/kg bolus of acetaminophen was administered intravenously to rats 2 hr (acute cholestasis) or 20 hr (postcholestasis) after intravenous pretreatment with sodium taurolithocholate, 5 mumol/100 g body weight. Acute cholestasis increased the total clearance of acetaminophen 20%, the partial clearance to acetaminophen sulfate 12%, and the partial clearance to acetaminophen glucuronide 85%. Postcholestasis, these parameters had significantly decreased compared to those during acute cholestasis and were comparable to control values. The results show that cholestasis does not impair acetaminophen conjugation in the rat. PMID- 3244613 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors in human synovial tissue and relative receptor affinities of glucocorticoid-21-esters. AB - A dexamethasone binding protein was detected in cytosol of 11 human synovial tissues from patients with chronic polyarthritis. The apparent dissociation constant (KD) ranged from 3.3 to 17.1 (mean, 7.0 +/- 4.3) nmol/liter, and the receptor concentration (Ro) from 17 to 65 (mean, 42 + 15) fmol/mg protein. Results of competition assays with an excess of unlabeled aldosterone, estradiol, pregnenolone, and testosterone confirmed that the binding protein had characteristics of a glucocorticoid receptor. With the use of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) for esterase inhibition, and considering the purity of the starting material and the hydrolysis products, we could determine the relative receptor affinities of glucocorticoid-21-esters. In contrast to the high affinity of the glucocorticoid-17-ester examined, esterification in position 21 abolishes binding affinities. Glucocorticoid-21-esters are true prodrugs for which the glucocorticoid action is caused only by the corresponding glucocorticoid alcohol. PMID- 3244614 TI - Cimetidine elimination from the cerebrospinal fluid of the rat. AB - The major goal of this study was to develop a small animal model that could be used to assess quantitatively the clearance of cimetidine from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) under relatively physiologic conditions. In addition, we addressed questions related to the pathways involved in the elimination of cimetidine from the CSF. We administered high and low bolus doses of cimetidine together with inulin, as a marker of bulk flow, into the lateral ventricle of anesthetized rats and sampled CSF from the cisterna magna. Principles of linear pharmacokinetic systems were applied to the data to obtain clearances from the CSF. The clearance of inulin was 2.02 +/- 0.22 microliters/min, which is in excellent agreement with the CSF production rate of 2.2 microliters/min in anesthetized rats. The clearance of cimetidine from the CSF following the administration of a low dose was 11.8 +/- 3.1 microliters/min, which is in good agreement with the cimetidine CSF clearance in the rat obtained previously in studies using the technique of ventriculocisternal perfusion. A 32% decrease in the CSF clearance of cimetidine (P less than 0.05) was observed when the high dose was administered, suggesting that CSF elimination is saturable. The clearance of inulin was unaffected by the high dose of cimetidine. This study demonstrates that the technique of lateral ventricle injection and sampling from the cisterna magna is useful in quantitatively assessing the elimination of compounds from the CSF in the rat under relatively physiologic conditions. PMID- 3244615 TI - Potential improvement in shelf life using the prodrug approach. II. A systematic examination of kinetic requirements. AB - The utilization time (UT) for a solution of a prodrug that is rapidly and completely converted to drug in the blood may be longer than the time for 10% loss of the initial concentration. The UT for an intravenous prodrug solution is the period during which the total prodrug and drug concentration exceeds 90% of the initial concentration. The influence of the rate of prodrug degradation (knc), its conversion (kc) to drug, and the subsequent drug degradation (kh) on the UT of a stored solution was examined by simulating the prodrug and drug concentration-time courses. The ratio of the shelf life of a prodrug solution to that of the parent drug (UTratio) was calculated using a wide range of values for the three rate constants. Three-dimensional plots relating the UTratio to the kc, knc, and kh values provide a basis for making a priori assessments of kinetic requirements for designing a prodrug to increase storage time. A parenteral prodrug intended to increase storage time may have a larger overall rate of loss than the parent drug, but it must have a smaller degradation rate (knc less than kh) to be successful. The UT for an oral prodrug solution depends upon the bioavailability of the prodrug relative to the drug in addition to the values for knc, kc, and kh. Two ampicillin prodrugs were used as models to calculate actual UTratio versus pH profiles. Intravenous solutions showed modest gains in the UTratio in the acid region, whereas oral solutions reached a UTratio as high as 22 by combining favorable rate constants with increased bioavailability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244616 TI - Effects of gender, posture, and age on gastric residence time of an indigestible solid: pharmaceutical considerations. AB - We have recently reported the effect of varying food composition on the gastric residence time (GRT) of an indigestible solid, the Heidelberg capsule (HC). The purpose of the present evaluation was to evaluate the reproducibility and the effect of gender, posture, and age on the GRT of the HC. The reproducibility in measurement of the GRT of the Heidelberg capsule was evaluated in two trials separated by 1 week. Mean GRT values obtained in nine healthy men on day 1 were not statistically different from those on day 8 (3.5 +/- 0.6 vs 3.5 +/- 0.7 hr, P greater than 0.05). To evaluate the influence of gender on the GRT of the HC, 12 healthy male volunteers and 12 age (+/- 3 years)- and race-matched female counterparts entered into a randomized study. Each subject was served a standardized 500-kcal breakfast 30 min prior to oral ingestion of the HC. The mean (+/- SD) ambulatory GRT in the males was significantly faster than in the females (3.4 +/- 0.6 vs 4.6 +/- 1.2 hr, P less than 0.01). Influence of posture on the GRT of HC was examined in the same 12 men in a two-way, randomized, crossover study. The mean GRT for volunteers in the supine state was not statistically different from that in the upright, ambulatory state (3.4 +/- 0.8 vs 3.5 +/- 0.7 hr, P greater than 0.05). The effect of age on the GRT of the HC was evaluated in 12 healthy elderly males (greater than 65 years) with no prior gastrointestinal complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244617 TI - Characterization of the oral absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics. I. Cephalosporins: determination of intrinsic membrane absorption parameters in the rat intestine in situ. AB - The oral absorption of five cephalosporin antibiotics, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefatrizine, cephalexin, and cephradine, has been studied using a single-pass intestinal perfusion technique in rats. Intrinsic membrane absorption parameters, "unbiased" by the presence of an aqueous permeability (diffusion or stagnant layer), have been calculated utilizing a boundary layer mathematical model. The resultant intrinsic membrane absorption parameters are consistent with a significant carrier-mediated, Michaelis-Menten-type kinetic mechanism and a small passive component in the jejunum. Cefaclor colon permeability is low and does not exhibit concentration dependent behavior. The measured carrier parameters (+/- SD) for the jejunal perfusions are as follows: cefaclor, J*max = 21.3 (+/- 4.0), Km = 16.1 (+/- 3.6), P*m = 0, and P*c = 1.32 (+/- 0.07); cefadroxil, J*max = 8.4 (+/- 0.8), Km = 5.9 (+/- 0.8), P*m = 0, and P*c = 1.43 (+/- 0.10); cephalexin, J*max = 9.1 (+/- 1.2), Km = 7.2 (+/- 1.2), P*m = 0, and P*c = 1.30 (+/- 0.10); cefatrizine, J*max = 0.73 (+/- 0.19), Km = 0.58 (+/- 0.17), P*m = 0.17 (+/- 0.03), and P*c = 1.25 (+/- 0.10); and cephradine, J*max = 1.57 (+/- 0.84), Km = 1.48 (+/- 0.75), P*m = 0.25 (+/- 0.07), and P*c = 1.06 (+/- 0.08). The colon absorption parameter for cefaclor is P*m = 0.36 (+/- 0.06, where J*max (mM) is the maximal flux, Km (mM) is the Michaelis constant, P*m is the passive membrane permeability, and P*c is the carrier permeability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244618 TI - Estimating human oral fraction dose absorbed: a correlation using rat intestinal membrane permeability for passive and carrier-mediated compounds. AB - Based on a simple tube model for drug absorption, the key parameters controlling drug absorption are shown to be the dimensionless effective permeability, P*eff, and the Graetz number, Gz, when metabolism or solubility/dissolution is not rate controlling. Estimating the Graetz number in humans and assuming that P*aq is not rate controlling give the following equation for fraction dose absorbed: F = 1 - e-2P*w. The correlation between fraction dose absorbed in humans and P*w determined from steadystate perfused rat intestinal segments gives an excellent correlation. It is of particular significance that the correlation includes drugs that are absorbed by passive and carrier-mediated processes. This indicates that P*w is one of the key variables controlling oral drug absorption and that the correlation may be useful for estimating oral drug absorption in humans regardless of the mechanism of absorption. PMID- 3244619 TI - Complexation of nifedipine with substituted phenolic ligands. AB - The bioavailability of nifedipine in man is highly variable. This may be partly due to its poor aqueous solubility (5-6 micrograms/ml over pH 2.2-10.0, as determined in this laboratory). We initiated this study to examine the enhancement of aqueous nifedipine solubility via complexation. A series of substituted aromatic ligands was studied to identify those structural features important for complexation with nifedipine. The studies were performed at 25 degrees C employing the solubility technique, using pH 2.2 or 7.0 buffers at an ionic strength of 0.25 M. The apparent equilibrium complexation constants for the 1:1 and/or 1:2 complexes were determined, where appropriate. A linear free-energy approach was used to relate K1:1 with Hammett's sigma (sigma) and fractional partition coefficient (pi) parameters. The following correlation was obtained: log (K1:1/K0) = 0.31 sigma + 0.10 pi + 0.36 (r2 = 0.86, P less than 0.003, N = 9), where K0 is the complexation constant for phenol. Statistical analyses showed that sigma was more important than pi in affecting nifedipine complexation. The exact location of this interaction on the nifedipine molecule is undefined at present. PMID- 3244620 TI - The relationship of pKa and acute skin irritation in man. AB - The relationship between pKa and skin irritation in man is studied for a homologous series of benzoic acid derivatives, which permeate through human skin at comparable rates (15-88 micrograms/cm2/hr). Skin irritation and pKa are correlated for pKa less than or equal to 4. Laser Doppler velocimetric assessment of skin blood flow, color meter readings, erythema, edema, and the primary irritation index are all linearly correlated and related to pKa; erythema at 24 hr appears to be the most sensitive parameter to variation in pKa when pKa less than or equal to 4. PMID- 3244621 TI - Correlation of unbound plasma clearances of fifteen extensively metabolized drugs between humans and rats. AB - Unbound plasma clearances (CLu) in humans and rats of 15 extensively metabolized drugs (phenytoin, hexobarbital, pentobarbital, phenylbutazone, warfarin, tolbutamide, valproate, phenobarbital, amobarbital, quinidine, chlorpromazine, propranolol, pentazocin, antipyrine, and diazepam), studied earlier by Sawada et al. (J. Pharmacokin, Biopharm. 13:477-491, 1985), were calculated. It was found that the ratio of CLu per square meter of body surface area between human and rat ranged from 0.38 for pentobarbital to 2.34 for tolbutamide, with a mean ratio of 1.07. When body weight (BW) was used for correlation, the mean CLu was proportional to BW 0.657 +/- 0.0935. A rationale for the above empirical findings is postulated. The present study seems to indicate the existence of a general similarity or predictability in the CLu of drugs between rats and humans. Low correlations were generally obtained when total (bound and unbound) plasma clearances were used for comparison. PMID- 3244622 TI - In vitro model for ciclosporin intestinal absorption in lipid vehicles. AB - The influence of lipid vehicles on the intestinal absorption of Ciclosporin was studied in vitro. The effect of the intestinal lipid digestion was considered on the partition of the drug from olive oil or middle-chain triglyceride (MCT) into phases of simulated intestinal content. The phases obtained after ultracentrifugation were analyzed for their Ciclosporin content and characterized for their lipid classes. For both lipid vehicles the presence of lipolysis products did not promote the partition of the drug into the aqueous phase. The absorption in vivo was not related to the drug amount in the aqueous phase and in the oil phase. Therefore, phase quantification in vitro cannot simulate the dynamics of in vivo absorption events following application of a poorly water soluble drug in a lipid vehicle. PMID- 3244623 TI - In vivo model for ciclosporin intestinal absorption in lipid vehicles. AB - The influence of lipid vehicles on the intestinal absorption of Ciclosporin was studied in vivo. The model takes into account the effect of the intestinal lipid digestion on the absorption after intraduodenal administration of [3H]Ciclosporin in olive oil or middle-chain triglyceride (MCT) to the bile duct-cannulated rat. Digested vehicles significantly promoted the absorption compared to nondigested vehicles. In the nondigested state, olive oil was a significantly better vehicle than MCT, whereas the difference between both lipids was only a trend in the digested state. Further studies with variants of this in vivo model should determine the influence of abnormalities of fat digestion and absorption on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug with a low therapeutical index. PMID- 3244624 TI - The measurement of warfarin enantiomers in serum using coupled achiral/chiral, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AB - An assay for the serum concentration of the enantiomers of warfarin, R-warfarin and S-warfarin, has been developed using a bovine serum albumin chiral stationary phase (BSA-CSP) coupled to a Pinkerton internal-surface reverse-phase (ISRP) achiral column. The ISRP column is used to separate R,S-warfarin from the serum components and warfarin metabolites and to quantitate the total R,S-warfarin concentration. The eluent containing R,S-warfarin is then selectively transferred to the BSA-CSP, where the enantiomers are stereochemically resolved (alpha = 1.19) and the enantiomeric composition is determined. This system is sensitive and accurate, does not require extensive precolumn manipulations, and can be automated for use in large-scale clinical studies. PMID- 3244625 TI - The role of protein and lipid domains in the uptake of solutes by human stratum corneum. AB - The uptake of a series of hydrocortisone esters varying in lipophilicity from water into untreated and delipidized human stratum corneum has been determined. The partition coefficients of solutes into fully hydrated stratum corneum are postulated to represent the separate contributions of three structurally distinct domains--the extractable lipids, protein, and the solvent domain. The solvent domain was assumed to have the properties of bulk water. The relative affinities of the protein and lipid domains of stratum corneum for solutes varying in structure were determined by comparing solute uptake in untreated and delipidized stratum corneum. Partitioning into the extracted lipids was also examined. Solute uptake into stratum corneum may be governed by the protein domain, the lipid domain, or a combination of the two, depending on solute lipophilicity. Due to differences in the selectivity of the two domains, a change in uptake mechanism occurs with increasing solute lipophilicity from protein-dominated uptake for hydrophilic solutes to lipid domain-dominated uptake for lipophilic solutes. The stratum corneum lipid content, which varies dramatically from individual to individual (3-46% in this study), is an important determinant of the affinity of the stratum corneum for highly lipophilic solutes but has no effect on the uptake of hydrophilic solutes. PMID- 3244626 TI - Bambuterol: uptake and metabolism in guinea pig isolated lungs. AB - The lung uptake and biotransformation of 3H-bambuterol, a prodrug to terbutaline, were studied using isolated perfused and ventilated guinea pig lungs. 14C-Sucrose was used as an extracellular marker. The lung uptake of bambuterol was significantly (0.05 greater than or equal to P greater than or equal to 0.001) higher than that found for sucrose in single-pass perfusion experiments. High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis showed that 95.6 +/- 3.6% of the effluent 3H radioactivity was attributable to bambuterol. In recirculating experiments (120 min) the lung biotransformation of 3H-bambuterol (8.5 pmol/ml) was studied. Both oxidative and hydrolytic metabolism took place. The dominating metabolites were hydroxylated bambuterol and the monocarbamate derivative which is a product of hydrolysis of bambuterol. Traces of terbutaline were also formed. The results show that bambuterol has a certain affinity to lung tissue and that the drug is, to some extent, biotransformed in the guinea pig lung. PMID- 3244627 TI - Mean residence time concepts for pharmacokinetic systems with nonlinear drug elimination described by the Michaelis-Menten equation. AB - Equations for the mean residence time (MRT) of drug in the body and related functions are derived for drugs which are intravenously administered into a one- or two-compartment system with Michaelis-Menten elimination. This MRT is a function of the steady-state volume of distribution and time-average clearance obtained from the dose and area under the curve (dose/AUC). The differences between the MRT calculated by the proposed method and by using the moment theory method (AUM/AUC) are demonstrated both mathematically and by computer simulations. The validity of the proposed method for calculation of MRT and its relationship to the moment theory results have also been assessed by examining the percentage of the administered dose eliminated and the percentage of the total area attained at MRT and at AUM/AUC in relation to the dose. The equations evolved should be helpful in clarifying residence time derivations and in defining the disposition characteristics and differences between linear and nonlinear systems. Direct methods are provided for calculation of Michaelis Menten parameters based on the relationship between MRT and dose. PMID- 3244628 TI - Assessment and validation of animal models to evaluate topical effects of substances on gastrointestinal mucosa. AB - The in situ rabbit colon model is a sensitive and reproducible test to evaluate the topical effect of up to three substances applied to the colonic mucosa. Vibra Tabs (doxycycline hyclate), Inderal (propranolol hydrochloride), and Slow-K (potassium chloride) were compared for topical effects in the Carlborg-Densert cat esophagus model, the Alphin-Droppleman cat gastric mucosa model adapted for dog intestine, and the rabbit colon. Because results were comparable in all models, additional dosage formulations were subsequently tested only in the rabbit colon model. After exposure of the tissue to drugs, macroscopic and histologic effects were scored on four- and eight-point scales, respectively. In all three models, Vibra-Tabs and Inderal produced the highest macroscopic and histologic scores, although Slow-K was also irritating. In the rabbit colon model, potassium released from Slow-K and Micro-K Extencaps caused more irritation than from controlled-release GITS (KCl) (gastrointestinal therapeutic system KCl). PMID- 3244629 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of a central nervous system (CNS) directed estradiol chemical delivery system and its application after intravenous administration to rats. AB - A redox-based chemical delivery system for estradiol (E2-CDS) has been shown capable of sustained and brain-selective delivery of estradiol (E2). A reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is presented for the analysis of E2-CDS and its oxidized quaternary metabolite (E2-Quat) in biological fluids or tissues. The assay utilized a precolumn enrichment technique and detects plasma levels down to 10 ng/ml E2-Quat and 20 ng/ml E2-CDS. Sample preparation is rapid and simple. Samples are homogenized with acetonitrile, then centrifuged, and the supernatant is directly injected into the HPLC system. A water delivering pump injects the sample on a precolumn where the drug is concentrated. The mobile phase backflushes the retained compound onto the analytical column. At the same time, another sample can be injected onto a second precolumn. This alternating precolumn sample enrichment technique allows the injection of large volumes, up to 1800 microliters. Plasma and tissue samples of rats collected after i.v. administration of a single 15-mg/kg E2-CDS dose were analyzed for E2-CDS and E2-Quat by this procedure. The results show sustained brain levels of E2-Quat and prolonged half-life in brain compared to six peripheral tissues measured. These data support the concept of brain-targeted delivery using redox carrier systems of this type. PMID- 3244630 TI - Relation between individual and ensemble release kinetics of indomethacin from microspheres. AB - Indomethacin microspheres based on a combination of ethylcellulose and polyethyleneglycol were prepared using the solvent evaporation process. Release profiles of ensemble and individual microspheres were measured. Both were found to follow first-order kinetics, in contrast to what was expected. This was attributed to the fact that all the particles showed the same kinetic pattern and had a greater degree of homogeneity in the payload, mean particle size and shape, and k1 values than in ensembles of microcapsules. PMID- 3244631 TI - Phenobarbital adsorption from simulated intestinal fluid, U.S.P., and simulated gastric fluid, U.S.P., by two activated charcoals. AB - Adsorption of phenobarbital from simulated intestinal and gastric fluids by two activated charcoals was studied. Adsorption isotherm data were analyzed by the linearized Langmuir equation and by nonlinear least-squares regression employing both Langmuir and Freundlich models. These analyses indicated differences in the capacities of the two charcoals for phenobarbital which could not be completely explained by surface-area considerations. PMID- 3244633 TI - Determination of a novel antiarrhythmic agent ACC-9358 in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of ACC-9358, an antiarrhythmic agent, in human plasma is described. ACC-9358 was extracted from plasma into chloroform and back extracted into 0.01 N hydrochloric acid. ACC-9358 in the acidic extract was eluted from a Novapak C18 column using a 87:13:0.1 (by volume) mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 3.0), acetonitrile, and triethylamine as the mobile phase and measured at 280 nm. The average extraction recoveries were 78.4 and 85.4% at the 0.5- and 5-micrograms/ml level, respectively. Standard curves were linear and reproducible over the concentration range of 0.01-10 micrograms/ml, with coefficients of determination better than 0.999. Coefficients of variation for both within-day and day-to-day analysis were less than 11%. The assay method is sensitive, reproducible, and suitable for disposition studies of ACC-9358 in humans. PMID- 3244632 TI - Measurement of underivatized propranolol enantiomers in serum using a cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) chiral stationary phase. AB - A commercially available high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) chiral stationary phase (HPLC-CSP) has been used to measure serum levels of d- and l propranolol. The HPLC-CSP is based upon cellulose-tris(3,5-dimethylcarbamate) and is able to stereochemically resolve d- and l-propranolol without precolumn derivatization using a mobile phase composed of hexane:2-propranol:N,N dimethyloctylamine (92:8:0.01, v/v/v). Under these conditions the observed stereochemical resolution (alpha) of the two enantiomers was alpha = 2.2. A subject's concentration-time curve of the two isomers was determined following the ingestion of 160 mg racemic propranolol. PMID- 3244634 TI - The estimation of solubility in binary solvents: application of the reduced 3 suffix solubility equation to ethanol-water mixtures. AB - The reduced 3-suffix solubility equation (R3SSE) is applied to the characterization of solubility in the ethanol-water system. The data needed are the solubility of the compound in each of the pure solvents and at one ethanol water composition. This composition has been estimated from solubility data to be 0.56 volume fraction of ethanol. The solubility obtained at this volume fraction is used to estimate the ternary solute-solvent interaction constant, C2. The R3SSE, with the C2 thus obtained, predicts the mixed solvent solubilities of the compounds tested, as accurately as that obtained from several volume fractions. The superiority of the R3SSE over two related equations--a simple second-degree polynomial equation and a simplified form of the R3SSE which neglects contributions to solubility from the solvent mixture--is also demonstrated for a number of solutes. PMID- 3244635 TI - Calculations and application of mean residence times for drugs which demonstrate one-compartment distribution and Michaelis-Menten elimination. PMID- 3244636 TI - Epimerization kinetics of moxalactam in frozen solution. AB - The epimerization rate constants of R- and S-epimers of moxalactam (LMOX) in a frozen aqueous solution decreased as the temperature decreased. The reaction proceeded in the unfrozen region remaining in the frozen solution, without being affected by the ice. The reaction stopped completely below the collapse temperature of the LMOX aqueous solution. The ratio of R- and S-epimers at equilibrium, which was equal to the ratio of the epimerization rate constant, increased as the temperature decreased. This change in the ratio at equilibrium could be ascribed to the difference in the activation energy between the two epimers. PMID- 3244637 TI - Dissolution of ionizable drugs in buffered and unbuffered solutions. AB - The dissolution kinetics of ionizable drugs (weak acids or bases) are analyzed with a mathematical model derived from the theory of mass transfer with chemical reaction. The model assumes that the overall process is diffusion limited, that all the reactions are reversible and instantaneous, and that dissolution and reaction are limited to the stagnant fluid film adjacent to the solid phase. Dissolution into buffered and unbuffered aqueous solutions are considered separately, with convenient analytical solutions obtained in both cases. In addition, equations for the time to partial and complete dissolution are derived. The dissolution rate is shown to be dependent on the pKa and intrinsic solubility and the medium properties, i.e., pH, buffer capacity, and mass transfer coefficient. Equations of a form analogous to the nonionized case are derived to account explicitly for all these factors, with dissolution rates expressed in terms of the product of a driving force (concentration difference) and resistance (inverse of mass transfer coefficient). The solutions are in an accessible analytical form to calculate the surface pH and subsequently the surface concentrations driving the drug dissolution. Numerical examples to illustrate dissolution into unbuffered and buffered media are presented and the results are shown to be in accord with experimental data taken from the literature. PMID- 3244638 TI - Potential improvement in the shelf life of parenterals using the prodrug approach: bacampicillin and talampicillin hydrolysis kinetics and utilization time. AB - The utilization time for a parenteral prodrug solution with a bioavailable fraction of unity was defined as the time during which the total of the prodrug concentration and the drug concentration equals or exceeds 90% of the initial prodrug concentration. This utilization time was calculated as a function of pH, buffer, and temperature using the experimentally determined rate expressions for bacampicillin and talampicillin. The results were compared to the shelf life of ampicillin solutions under identical storage conditions. First-order rate constants were determined for conversion of the prodrugs to ampicillin (kc), for beta-lactam degradation of the prodrugs (knc), for the overall loss of prodrugs (ksum), and for beta-lactam degradation of ampicillin (kh) in aqueous solutions at 25.0 to 60.0 degrees C, mu = 0.5, in the pH range 0.90 to 8.4. Loss of bacampicillin proceeded primarily by degradation at pH levels below 4 but was due predominantly to conversion at pH levels above 5. Loss of talampicillin was due primarily to conversion throughout the entire pH range. While the prodrug utilization times were approximately twice the shelf life of ampicillin in acidic solutions, ampicillin was significantly better in neutral solutions. The results illustrate the potential for increased prodrug storage periods when utilization time is defined on the basis of the bioactivity rather than on the prodrug concentration alone. PMID- 3244639 TI - Thiol reduction of 3'-azidothymidine to 3'-aminothymidine: kinetics and biomedical implications. AB - The ability of thiols to reduce 3'-azidothymidine (AZT) to 3'-aminothymidine has been investigated. Incubation with glutathione, dithiothreitol (DTT), or mercaptoethanol at pH 7.2 and 37 degrees C leads to quantitative reduction of the azido moiety to an amine. The reaction is first order in AZT and first order in reducing agent (mono- or dithiol). The second-order rate constants are 2.77 x 10( 3), 6.55 x 10(-5), and 6.35 x 10(-6) M-1 sec-1 for the dithiothreitol, glutathione, and mercaptoethanol reductions, respectively. The thiol reduction of alkyl azide to amine under mild conditions is a synthetic method particularly suitable for water-soluble azido compounds that are sensitive to catalytic hydrogenation. The potential for the mono- or dithiol-mediated reduction of alkyl azides under biological conditions must be considered when conducting studies of azido drugs. PMID- 3244640 TI - Receptor-mediated magnetic carriers: basis for targeting. AB - A new magnetic microsphere carrier has been formulated that may localize drugs by both biochemical and physical means. The microspheres, prepared from the polysaccharide chitosan, are designed to bind to anionic glycosaminoglycan receptors on the surface of capillary endothelial cells. The microspheres were formulated to have a controlled cationic character and had a mean diameter of 0.70 micron and a magnetite content of 16% (w/w). Formation of complexes between chitosan and heparin and between the microspheres and heparin has been demonstrated. Heparin served as a model glycosaminoglycan. The chitosan:heparin complex ratio was found to be 1:1 based on charge and was formed between ammonium ions on the chitosan and SO3- groups on heparin. Neutralization of the charge on the microspheres prevented their complexation with heparin. The rationale for the use of the delivery system and its potential limitation are discussed. PMID- 3244644 TI - Reply to "Assessment of Variance in Bioavailability Studies: comments on the article by McNamara et al." by Carl M. Metzler. PMID- 3244641 TI - Enhanced membrane permeability to phenol red by medium-chain glycerides: studies on the membrane permeability and microviscosity. AB - To clarify the mechanism of the drug absorption enhancement by medium-chain glycerides (MCG), the changes in membrane permeability provoked by MCG were investigated with liposomal uptake experiments. Uptake of phenol red (PR) into liposomes increased with an increase in MCG content in the liposomal membrane, suggesting that PR absorption was enhanced in the "transcellular route." However, the apparent membranous microviscosity obtained in fluorescence depolarization studies tended to increase with the addition of MCG in both the hydrophobic core and the polar head regions of the liposomal membrane. Thus, an enhancement in membrane permeability caused by MCG was not accompanied by a decrease in the apparent membranous microviscosity. PMID- 3244642 TI - Mass balance and dose accountability in percutaneous absorption studies: development of a nonocclusive application system. PMID- 3244643 TI - Stereoselective binding of disopyramide to plasma proteins. PMID- 3244645 TI - Enhancement of colonic drug absorption by the paracellular permeation route. AB - Colonic absorption of poorly absorbable cefmetazole was shown to increase considerably by the addition of 1% sodium caprate, sodium laurate, and mixed micelles composed of sodium oleate and sodium taurocholate. At 0.25%, their effects were weaker but still significant. Colonic absorption of inulin was also increased by the promoters at a concentration of 0.25%. These results suggest that there is a common route between inulin and cefmetazole absorption, i.e., the paracellular route. Sodium taurocholate, sodium caprylate, and EDTA disodium salts (EDTA-2Na) at 1% enhanced cefmetazole absorption less than caprate, laurate, or mixed micelles, but no such effect was found at 0.25%. The colonic pore radius was determined from the equivalent pore theory using an everted sac procedure. Caprate, laurate, and mixed micelles at 0.25% caused this radius to increase significantly, thus making it possible for inulin to permeate the everted sac from the mucosal to the serosal side. The effects of taurocholate, caprylate, and EDTA-2Na for increasing colonic pore sizes and the degree of inulin permeation were less than those of caprate, laurate, or mixed micelles. The change in the paracellular route is thus considered to result from the increase in pore size. PMID- 3244646 TI - Cellular uptake of a fluid-phase marker by human neutrophils from solutions and liposomes. AB - In assessing the feasibility of utilizing the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) for a more efficient drug delivery to the cell, the uptake of the fluid-phase marker lucifer yellow CH (LY) at 37 degrees C by human PMNs from LY-containing liposomes was compared with that from solutions. In the presence of 10% autologous serum, the LY uptake at 37 degrees C via phagocytosis of a given PMN source when the concentrations of PMN, LY, and total lipid were in the range of 10(7) cells/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, and 50 mumol/ml, respectively. As expected, the LY uptake via phagocytosis was critically dependent upon the LY entrapment efficiency in the liposome preparation. Interestingly, little LY uptake was found when the serum was heat inactivated (56 degrees C x 30 min). The serum effect was upon liposome vesicles rather than upon the cells. The present study demonstrates that the use of particular drug carriers for targeted drug delivery to PMNs and possible to an extravascular site mediated by the cell infiltration is a viable approach. PMID- 3244647 TI - Liquid chromatographic assay and pharmacokinetics of quazepam and its metabolites following sublingual administration of quazepam. AB - A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method is described for simultaneous quantification of quazepam, and two of its metabolites, 2-oxoquazepam and N desaklyl-2-oxoquazepam. The method uses a solid-phase extraction procedure to prepare plasma samples. After extraction, the methanolic extract is evaporated; the residue is then reconstituted in a small volume of mobile phase and chromatographed. The total chromatography time for a single sample is about 20 min. A sensitivity of 1 ng/ml for quazepam and its metabolites is attained when 1 ml of plasma is extracted. Analytical recovery of quazepam and its metabolites added to plasma ranged from 87 to 96%. The maximum within-day and day-to-day coefficients of variation for each compound at concentrations of 20 and 60 ng/ml were 7.6 and 11.2%, respectively. The method was applied to sublingual pharmacokinetic studies of quazepam in healthy volunteers. PMID- 3244648 TI - Carrier-mediated transport of baclofen across monolayers of bovine brain endothelial cells in primary culture. AB - The mechanism of transport of baclofen, a centrally acting muscle relaxant, across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied using an in vitro model. The model consisted of a monolayer of bovine brain endothelial cells grown in primary culture on a porous regenerated cellulose membrane. The transport of baclofen across the monolayer expressed time and concentration dependency and was saturable. Transport data were corrected for diffusion and fitted to the Michaelis-Menten Vmax model: Km = 58.5 microM, Vmax = 0.23 nmol/min. The results validate the use of the in vitro BBB model as described and support the hypothesis that baclofen penetrates the BBB by means of a carrier-mediated transport system. PMID- 3244649 TI - In vitro measurement of gastrointestinal tissue permeability using a new diffusion cell. AB - A new diffusion cell, derived from the Ussing chamber, was developed for the measurement of tissue permeability. This cell incorporates the attributes of using a single material and laminar flow across the tissue surface. In addition, the design allows the cell to be manufactured in a wide range of sizes to allow optimization of surface area to volume for a variety of tissues. The apparatus is applicable to the evaluation of transport of compounds through mucosal/epithelial barriers, i.e., gastrointestinal tissue. Active transport, permeability enhancers, enzymatic degradation, and absorption in various tissue sections can be explored. Preliminary data are consistent with the expected effects of molecular size and partition coefficient of a transported molecule on permeability in epithelial tissue. In addition, active transport of D-glucose and inhibition by phloridzin and ouabain can be demonstrated. PMID- 3244650 TI - Assay for hydralazine as its stable p-nitrobenzaldehyde hydrazone. AB - A new method of analysis for the antihypertensive drug, hydralazine, is introduced. The assay involves the addition of p-nitrobenzaldehyde to blood samples containing hydralazine, to form a stable Schiff's base, hydralazine p nitrobenzaldehyde hydrazone. The derivative is extracted from the blood into hexane and the samples are dried under a nitrogen stream. The extracts are then dissolved in mobile phase and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The extracted samples can be stored for at least 7 days at room temperature or at -20 degrees C. The sensitivity of the assay is better than 300 pg/ml using 3-ml blood samples, and the range can extend to 640 ng/ml. The stability of the extracted samples plus the sensitivity and simplicity of the assay are the main advantages of the method over other selective methods for hydralazine. PMID- 3244651 TI - Time-dependent absorption of phenprobamate following multiple dosing in rats. AB - Unusual serum profiles of phenprobamate, a centrally skeletal muscle relaxant, were observed in Sprague Dawley rats receiving multiple doses of phenprobamate suspension. The concentrations of phenprobamate were higher after the morning doses than after the evening doses, synchronizing with the day-night pattern of drug administration. Crossover studies were conducted to investigate the apparent time-dependent kinetics of phenprobamate. Phenprobamate emulsion was orally administered as a single dose to a group of six rats at 0900 hr and again, after a washout period of 3 days, at 2100 hr. Another group of six rats was treated similarly with intraperitoneal drug administration. Blood samples were collected at various times for 12 hr. The AUCs were 146.56 +/- 31.77 micrograms.hr/ml for the morning oral dose and 111.31 +/- 21.32 micrograms.hr/ml for the evening oral dose (P less than 0.001). Administered intraperitoneally, the AUCs were 179.89 +/ 37.50 and 185.58 +/- 28.51 micrograms.hr/ml for the morning and evening doses, respectively, the difference of which was not significant. The paired t test indicated a significant morning-evening difference in AUC following oral but not intraperitoneal drug administration. This suggests the absorption rather than metabolism as a contributing factor to the time-dependent kinetics of phenprobamate in rats. PMID- 3244652 TI - Thermodynamics in the prediction of the solubilities of binary mixtures of the diastereoisomers and enantiomers of ephedrine. AB - Equations derived from the Clausius-Clapeyron and Prigogine-Defay equations were used to determine the free energy of mixing for diastereoisomers and enantiomers from heats of fusion and transition temperature data. These equations are applied to the thermodynamics of mixing of the six binary equimolar combinations of (1R,2S)-ephedrine, (1S,2R)-ephedrine; and (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine isomers. The relative equilibrium solubility of the binary mixtures in water is consistent with thermodynamic calculations. PMID- 3244654 TI - Percutaneous and systemic disposition of hexamethylene lauramide and its penetration enhancement effect on hydrocortisone in a rat sandwich skin-flap model. AB - The percutaneous absorption and distribution profile of hexamethylene lauramide (hexahydro-1-lauroyl-1H-azepine) were examined using a rat skin-flap model. After a topical dose to the skin flap, the drug concentrations in the vasculature at the site of drug application and in the systemic blood were monitored simultaneously. Hexamethylene lauramide penetrated the skin and reached a steady state in stratum corneum, viable epidermis, dermis, and cutaneous blood in 3 hr. Its concentration in the skin was much higher than that in the blood. Its apparent concentration in the epidermis was 19 times that in the dermis and about 3000 times that in the cutaneous blood. The percutaneous absorption of 14C hexamethylene lauramide resulted in ascending systemic blood concentrations throughout the experimental period, whereas the cutaneous blood levels remained steady. The topically absorbed hexamethylene lauramide was quantitatively recovered in urine (85%) and feces (13%). The half-lives of urinary and fecal excretion of 14C-hexamethylene lauramide were 17 and 30 hr, respectively. Hexamethylene lauramide, when topically coadministered in an experimental formulation, enhanced the skin penetration of hydrocortisone with increased drug contents in the stratum corneum (2-fold) and with increased hydrocortisone concentrations in the cutaneous blood (3.4-fold) and the systemic blood (3.5 fold). The results indicated that the high concentration and retention of hexamethylene lauramide in stratum corneum and viable epidermis may contribute to its penetration enhancement effect in the skin. A steady state in percutaneous tissues was observed before the drug reached distribution equilibrium systemically. The systemic blood concentration of a topically applied agent therefore may not reflect its percutaneous kinetic processes before a systemic distribution equilibrium is reached.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244653 TI - Recombinant human interferon alpha-2a: delivery to lymphoid tissue by selected modes of application. AB - The effect of different parenteral administration routes (i.d., s.c., i.v.), infusion rates, and albumin contents of the drug vehicle on the cumulative recovery of recombinant human interferon alpha-2a (rIFN alpha-2a) in lymph and on its concentration in blood and lymph was determined in sheep. Blood samples were withdrawn from a jugular vein catheter and lymph was collected from a cannulated efferent popliteal lymphatic duct. The concentration of rIFN alpha-2a in lymph and blood plasma samples was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. Following i.v. infusion of 2 x 10(7) U of rIFN alpha-2a, the peak concentrations measured in blood plasma and lymph, respectively, were 8250 and 14 U/ml. The concentration measured in lymph after i.d. or s.c. administration of the same dose was about 10(5) times higher (peak concentration, 3.1 x 10(6) U/ml), while blood plasma levels remained low (peak concentration, 315 U/ml). The cumulative recovery of rIFN alpha-2a in lymph following i.d. or s.c. administration was 59.2 +/- 7% (mean +/- SD; N = 8) and was affected neither by the infusion rate nor by the coadministration of albumin. Our data indicate that following i.d. or s.c. administration, rIFN alpha-2a (MW 19,000) is absorbed mainly by the lymphatics. This results in high levels of rIFN alpha-2a in the lymph which drains from the application site to the regional lymph nodes. The knowledge gained in this investigation may help to improve the mode of administration and therapeutic efficacy of protein drugs whose targets are lymphoid cells. PMID- 3244655 TI - Determination of the pH-dependent phase distribution of prostaglandin E1 in a lipid emulsion by ultrafiltration. AB - The distribution of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in a lipid emulsion has been shown to be consistent with a three-phase model which assumes that solute may reside in the bulk aqueous and oil phases and at the oil/water interface. Calculations suggest that, in a lipid emulsion having an average particle size of 0.11 micron, it is theoretically possible for a surface active species such as PGE1 to exist predominantly at the interface. Aqueous phase concentrations of PGE1 versus pH were measured in an emulsion having an oil/water phase volume ratio of 0.1 by the use of an ultrafiltration technique in order to estimate the relative percentages of PGE1 in each phase. From bulk oil/water partition coefficient determinations, the amount of PGE1 present in the bulk oil phase of the emulsion was concluded to be insignificant. At emulsion pH values less than 5, PGE1 resides preferentially (greater than 97%) at the interface. With increasing pH's, the percentage of PGE1 in the aqueous phase increases, reaching 51% at high pH's. A model which assumes that both the nonionized and the ionized PGE1 species may be present at the interface, depending on the pH, was shown to be consistent with the data. Estimates were made of the distribution coefficients of the ionized and nonionized PGE1 between the interface and the aqueous phase and their concentration dependence. The apparent pKa of PGE1 at the interface derived from these data was 6.8. The distribution coefficients were used to generate a distribution profile of the various PGE1 species as a function of the pH. This distribution profile will be useful in explaining kinetic data of PGE1 in the emulsion as a function of pH. PMID- 3244656 TI - Drug/polymer matrix swelling and dissolution. AB - The swelling and dissolution behavior of pharmaceutical systems containing a drug and a polymer can be analyzed by a mathematical model which predicts the drug released and the gel layer thickness as a function of time. It is possible to approximate the values of several of the physicochemical parameters of this model in order to obtain an order-of-magnitude analysis of the tablet dissolution process. Selected experimental results of tablet dissolution and drug release are analyzed and conclusions are made about the importance of the drug and polymer content and solubility in the release behavior. PMID- 3244657 TI - Dissolution rate studies from a stationary disk/rotating fluid system. AB - The dissolution rates for hydrocortisone alcohol and acetate were determined using a stationary disk/rotating fluid system. The hydrocortisone was compressed in a tablet die, and the die placed in a vessel above a rotating magnetic bar. Dissolution rates were evaluated in aqueous media under conditions involving the following independent variables: solubility (Cs), diffusion coefficient (D), viscosity (v), rotational speed (omega), and tablet radius (r). A design equation which relates dissolution rate (R) to these variables was formulated for the system R alpha Cs D2/3 (v) -1/6(omega)1/2(r)3/2 This design equation adequately represents the system, which is related to fluid mechanics and convective diffusion models. The fluid mechanics model assumes that the fluid ideally rotates as solid-body rotation and the momentum layer is initiated at the outside radius of the tablet die. The convective diffusion model is based on the formation of a diffusion layer at the outside radius of the dissolving surface and a predictable relationship between the momentum and the mass transport quantities of bulk viscosity and diffusion coefficient. This configuration, like the rotating disk in a stationary fluid, offers the attractive attribute of being useful to study drug release mechanisms for systems of pharmaceutical interest. PMID- 3244659 TI - Turbuhaler: a new powder inhaler for administration of drugs to the airways. AB - A metered-dose powder inhaler system has been developed. It is a multidose system that is easy to load and handle for the patient and that does not demand coordination between activation and inhalation. In addition, the new inhaler system is free of propellants, carriers, and other drug additives. Terbutaline sulfate has been selected as a suitable compound for evaluation of this inhaler. Clinical tests with the Turbuhaler have been performed and it has been compared with the conventional terbutaline pressurized metered-dose inhaler (MDI). The new powder inhaler can even be used at low inspiratory flow rates such as those present during acute asthma attacks. PMID- 3244658 TI - Mineral metabolism of aging female rats fed various commercially available calcium supplements or yogurt. AB - The utilization of calcium from commercially available calcium supplements and yogurt and the effects of these calcium supplements on the utilization of other minerals were evaluated. Moderate and high levels (4 and 8 mg Ca/g diet) of calcium from four different sources of dietary calcium (yogurt, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium magnesium chelate, and oyster shells) were fed to retired female breeder rats. Rats absorbed calcium equally efficiently from all four sources but ingestion of calcium phosphate dibasic tended to cause abnormal accumulation of calcium in kidneys. Ingestion of the calcium magnesium chelate improved calcium retention in bone but depressed the digestibility of the total diet. The elevation of dietary calcium did not affect tissue calcium levels or fecal beta glucuronidase activity but depressed the apparent absorption of phosphorus, increased kidney phosphorus levels, decreased tibia iron levels, and decreased the digestibility of the total diet. PMID- 3244660 TI - An accurate prediction of the pH change due to degradation: correction for a "produced" secondary buffering system. AB - Esmolol hydrochloride degrades in aqueous solutions by the hydrolysis of a labile aliphatic carboxyester group. The products are methanol and ASL-8123. The resulting aliphatic carboxylic acid moiety (ASL-8123) has a pK of 4.80, which is within 1 pH unit of the pH of the formulation. ASL-8123 therefore acts as a "secondary buffer" and minimizes the change in pH due to degradation. Equations are presented to calculate the change in the pH when the primary degradation product acts as a secondary buffer. This information can be used in the development of a parenteral product to predict, a priori, the concentration of buffer necessary for optimal pH maintenance. This knowledge can reduce the number of formulation screens required to determine the necessary buffer capacity for optimal drug stability. PMID- 3244661 TI - Dynamics of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into DNA of squamous carcinoma cells during mid and late logarithmic growth. AB - Head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines, UM-SCC 1, 5, 9, 11B, and 14B, were exposed in vitro to bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) during logarithmic growth to determine the effects of drug concentration (0.01 to 10 microM) and duration of exposure (3, 7, and 10 days) on cell growth and on incorporation of BUdR into DNA. Concentrations of less than 1.0 microM were not growth inhibitory except with UM-SCC-11B. After 10 days of exposure to 5 microM BUdR, survival fractions for all lines ranged from 2 to 65% of controls. Replacement of thymidine by BUdR in DNA was assessed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Percentage replacement (% R) was described by the equation % R = 100 (C/t)s/[(C/t)50s + (C/t)s], where C is the concentration of BUdR (microM), t is the time in days, s is a constant, and (C/t)50 is a constant corresponding to % R = 50%. BUdR incorporation reached a time- and concentration-dependent maximum that, after 3 to 7 days of culture in 10 microM BUdR, ranged from 30 to 60% R. Subsequently, % R declined with time even though the cells were fed daily with fresh BUdR containing medium. PMID- 3244662 TI - Formulation of vaccine adjuvant muramyldipeptides (MDP). 1. Characterization of amorphous and crystalline forms of a muramyldipeptide analogue. AB - A relatively nonhygroscopic crystalline form of the glycopeptide, N-acetylmuramyl L-alpha-aminobutyryl-D-isoglutamine (I), containing approximately one molecule of water was prepared from amorphous material. The crystalline material, consisting of a mixture of the alpha and beta anomers, exhibited better physical and chemical stability than the lyophilized amorphous material. The alpha/beta-anomer ratios of I in both the crystalline and the amorphous state were approximately equal but different from that in solution. PMID- 3244663 TI - Formulation of vaccine adjuvant muramyldipeptides (MDP). 2. The thermal reactivity and pH of maximum stability of MDP compounds in aqueous solution. AB - The degradation of muramyldipeptides (MDPs) in aqueous solution obeys the rate law kobs = kH+aH+ + ko + kHO-aHO- and the Arrhenius equation. For example, the rate constants for degradation of N-acetylmuramyl-L-threonyl-D-isoglutamine, 3, at 25 degrees C are kH+ = 2.3 X 10(-6) M-1 sec-1, ko = 8.2 X 10(-10) sec-1, and kHO- = 0.19 M-1 sec-1. The degradation rates are dependent on the side-chain substituents; it is predicted that sterically hindered MDP compounds will show an extended shelf life in aqueous solution. Product studies in the weakly acid pH region (where the pH of maximum stability occurs) show that MDP compounds degrade largely by hydrolysis of the dipeptide side chain. These data show that MDP 3 exhibits a shelf life (t90) of greater than 2 years in aqueous solutions of pH 4 4.5, the pH of maximum stability. PMID- 3244665 TI - American Health Foundation workshop on alcohol and breast cancer. Introductory remarks. PMID- 3244664 TI - Controlled gastric emptying. 1. Effects of physical properties on gastric residence times of nondisintegrating geometric shapes in beagle dogs. AB - The importance of three physical parameters (size, shape, and flexibility) on gastric retention in fasting dogs was examined to assess the feasibility of designing a dosage form to achieve a consistent and predictable residence in the stomach. Test shapes were molded from Silastic elastomer or made from extruded polyethylene or polyethylene blends and included 15% barium sulfate for X-ray visualization. Beagle dogs were dosed with test shapes administered in gelatin capsules. Gastric retention was monitored by X ray over a 24-hr period. Six shapes (ring, tetrahedron, cloverleaf, disk, string, and pellet) were screened in vivo for their gastric retention potential. The tetrahedrons (each leg 2 cm in length) exhibited 91-100% retention at 24 hr. The rings (3.6-cm diameter) provided 100% retention at 24 hr. Rings and tetrahedrons of varying flexural moduli were prepared by blending low-density polyethylene and ethylene:vinyl acetate copolymer. A positive correlation existed between flexural modulus and gastric retention. The results indicate that it is feasible to design a platform for a dosage form that can be administered to beagle dogs in capsule form and be retained for 24 hr. PMID- 3244666 TI - American Health Foundation Workshop on Alcohol and Breast Cancer. December 1, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3244667 TI - Alcohol and breast cancer: a cohort study. AB - The relation between alcohol consumption and several causes of death, including breast cancer, was examined in a population of 581, 321 women enrolled in a prospective study in 1959 and followed for 12 years. Women who drank occasionally had about the same breast cancer mortality rate as nondrinkers; those who drank one to four drinks per day had SMRs 7-26% higher; five drinks per day, 1.89; and six or more drinks per day, 1.65. The two highest-consumption groups' risks were significantly higher than those of nondrinkers after multivariate adjustment for several breast cancer risk factors. Distinctive dose-response relationships were observed for two known alcohol-related conditions: cirrhosis of the liver and cancer of the aero-digestive tract, suggesting that results for other causes are not seriously biased by misclassification of drinking habits. Death rates from all causes combined were elevated for drinkers of three or more drinks per day. Whether or not the association of elevated breast cancer death rates ultimately turns out to be causal, there is ample reason to continue to warn the public against excessive drinking. PMID- 3244668 TI - American Health Foundation workshop on alcohol and breast cancer, December 1, 1987. Discussion of future studies. Hormones, alcohol, and breast cancer risk. PMID- 3244669 TI - Attitudes toward prevention of cardiovascular diseases among first-year students at eight American medical schools, 1983-1985. AB - First-year medical students at eight U.S. medical schools were surveyed by written questionnaire in 1983-1985 to determine their attitudes toward cardiovascular diseases prevention at medical school entry. An overall response rate of 92% was achieved (2,654 questionnaires), and 97% of responders provided complete and analyzable survey data. Response rates at five of eight medical schools were 98-100%, and one school each had rates of 67, 84, or 90%. Differences in mean attitude responses from school to school were small, as were differences between men and women or between blacks and whites. This survey found that entering medical students have generally positive attitudes toward the effectiveness of preventive cardiology practice as well as toward the importance of research efforts in cardiovascular disease prevention. Students frequently indicated, however, that it is "extremely difficult" to change patients' unhealthful habits and that "physician encouragement" may not be sufficient to help patients achieve more healthful behaviors. These findings could be helpful in directing educational efforts for medical students. The data suggest that major emphasis should be placed on conveying facts regarding the physicians' efficacy in clinical preventive cardiology and on teaching the skills of preventive cardiology practice. Less emphasis appears to be necessary on encouraging positive attitudes about the importance of prevention since current students' attitudes appear to be already positive in this dimension. PMID- 3244670 TI - Trends in smoking and lung cancer mortality in Switzerland. AB - Patterns of cigarette smoking in Switzerland were analyzed on the basis of sales data (available since 1924) and national health surveys conducted in the last decade. There was a steady and substantial increase in cigarettes sales up to the early 1970s. Thereafter, the curve tended to level off around an average value of 3,000 cigarettes per adult per year. According to the 1981-1983 National Health Survey, 37% of Swiss men were current smokers, 25% were ex-smokers, and 39% were never smokers. Corresponding porportions in women were 22, 11, and 67%. Among men, smoking prevalence was higher in lower social classes, and some moderate decline was apparent from survey data over the period 1975-1981 mostly in later middle-age. Trends in lung cancer death certification rates over the period 1950 1984 were analyzed using standard cross-sectional methods and a log-linear Poisson model to isolate the effects of age, birth cohort, and year of death. Mortality from lung cancer increased substantially among Swiss men between the early 1950s and the late 1970s, and levelled off (around a value of 70/100,000 men) thereafter. Among women, there has been a steady upward trend which started in the mid-1960s, and continues to climb steadily, although lung cancer mortality is still considerably lower in absolute terms (around 8/100,000 women) than in several North European countries or in North America. Cohort analyses indicate that the peak rates in men were reached by the generation born around 1910 and mortality stabilized for subsequent generations up to the 1930 birth cohort. Among females, marked increases were observed in each subsequent birth cohort. This pattern of trends is consistent with available information on smoking prevalence in successive generations, showing a peak among men for the 1910 cohort, but steady upward trends among females. Over the period 1980-1984, about 90% of lung cancer deaths among Swiss men and about 40% of those among women could be attributed to smoking (overall proportion, 85%). PMID- 3244671 TI - Determinants of serum alpha-tocopherol in Finnish adults. AB - The relationship between serum alpha-tocopherol level and many of its possible determinants was studied in 1,373 cancer-free Finnish men and women age 40-79 years. Dietary data were available from a subsample of 301 persons. The mean alpha-tocopherol level in the serum samples stored at -20 degrees C was 8.6 mg/liter among men and 10.5 mg/liter among women. Intake of margarine, vegetable oils, and green vegetables predicted the serum level of alpha-tocopherol. Altogether six food groups accounted for about 10% of the variation. The levels also varied with age, geographical area, type of population, occupation, socioeconomic status, and marital status. They were positively correlated with serum cholesterol and serum vitamin A in both sexes, and with body mass index and serum selenium in men. Altogether these variables accounted for over 40% of the variation in alpha-tocopherol levels. The level of serum alpha-tocopherol, which is associated with the dietary intake of vitamin E, is dependent upon living conditions. PMID- 3244672 TI - The mortality, morbidity, and economic costs of alcohol abuse in New Hampshire. AB - Since alcoholism and alcohol abuse are the number one health problem in the United States, community-based estimates of mortality, morbidity, and economic costs associated with alcohol abuse are needed to convey their impact in local areas. In the state of New Hampshire, data were collected on alcohol consumption patterns, alcohol-associated mortality, years of potential life lost, hospital days associated with alcohol-related diagnoses, direct medical care costs, employment levels, and per capita incomes. Alcohol-attributable mortality and morbidity percentages were applied to these data to estimate the effects of alcohol abuse. In 1983, alcohol was associated with 4% of total statewide deaths. These included 37% of the deaths due to injury, 26% of the deaths due to digestive disease, and 3% of the deaths due to cancer. These deaths represented over 6,000 years of potential life lost. Between 4 and 7% of hospital days were attributable to alcohol-related diagnoses. Direct medical care costs attributable to alcohol were over $101 million; 10% of the direct medical costs in the state. Indirect costs (present value of lost earnings due to premature mortality and morbidity associated with alcohol) represented over $142 million. Property damage and insurance costs associated with alcohol were almost $13 million, and alcohol related arrests added another $17 million. Excess absenteeism due to alcohol abuse cost another $33 million and lost productivity at work cost over $278 million. These economic costs totaled almost $600 million, or 5% of the gross state product. The methodology used to obtain these results is easily applied and is shown in the Appendix. PMID- 3244673 TI - Patterns of physical activity among German adolescents: the Berlin-Bremen Study. AB - Patterns of leisure-time physical activity among 932 West German boys and girls from two distinct socioeconomic groups were examined longitudinally over a 2-year period beginning with seventh to eighth grade students. Activity indices reflect the weekly time spent in activities, the weekly frequency of participation, and the average duration per activity episode. The indices refer to all activities, to moderate or vigorous activities, or to each individual activity. The average seventh to eighth grade student spent 10.1 hr/week engaged in all of the activities measured. Overall, the time devoted to these activities declined by 10% during the 2-year study period, with the relative decrease being larger for vigorous than for moderate activities. The decline in time spent in vigorous activity was due to a decreased frequency of participation; whereas the decline in moderate activity was primarily attributable to the decreased average duration per episode. Boys spent about 3 hr/week more in all activities than girls, with the difference largely being due to the boys' greater participation in vigorous activities. Weekly activity time among girls did not vary substantially with socioeconomic status. However, compared with boys of higher socioeconomic status, boys in the lower socioeconomic grouping were 2-3 hr/wk more active because they devoted more time to moderate activities. The results indicate that the identified activity patterns in the population strongly depend on the activity dimensions on which the measure focuses. PMID- 3244674 TI - The meaning of "physical fitness". AB - The understanding of the term "physical fitness" was determined for a randomly selected sample (n = 94) of a population using a self-administered mailed questionnaire. Subjects were asked to state and give a reason for their perceived level of physical fitness, to state their perceived performance level in a number of physical fitness tests (muscular strength, daily physical work capacity, fatness, level of regular physical exercise, exercise speed, and body flexibility), and to rate how well these tests measure physical fitness. The reason most frequently stated for perceived level of physical fitness was the level of habitual physical activity (43%); significantly less frequently (P less than 0.01-0.0001) cited were reasons related to health (23%), physical performance (12%), and obesity (3%). The variation in perceived level of physical fitness was best explained by the variation in imagined regular exercise and fatness (r2 = 0.66, P less than 0.0001) with no significant additional contribution from imagined performance in remaining fitness tests. The measurement of regular exercise was most favored as a test of physical fitness. These results, taken together with evidence of the physical and psychological health benefits of regular exercise, imply that the most appropriate measure of physical fitness for the average person is an assessment of the habitual physical activity level. PMID- 3244675 TI - [Immobilization of phospholipase A2 from Central Asian cobra venom on polyamide sorbents]. AB - The effect of the immobilization technique and the ligand nature on catalytic properties of phospholipase A2 from the cobra venom was studied. Preparations of phospholipase A2 adsorbed on and covalently bound to polyamide sorbents were obtained. The enzyme was coupled to polyamide beads modified with glutaraldehyde. In this case only 9% of the enzyme activity was retained. The enzyme adsorbed on polyamide modified with phosphatidylethanolamine retained up to 20% of the initial activity. The binding selectivity of phospholipase A2 was maximum in case of the sorbent with a binary ligand, e. g. phosphatidylethanolamine+cytotoxin, the sorbent capacity for the bound enzyme increased 2-3 times (460-600 units/g sorbent. The specific activity of the adsorbed phospholipase A2 was 17-40 units/g sorbent in contrast to 8.6 units/g sorbent for the covalently bound enzyme. Immobilization of the enzyme on polyamide sorbents resulted in changes of the pH optimum, sensitivity to Ca2+ ions and the character of the enzyme-substrate interactions. Heart stability of the adsorbed phospholipase A2 was lower than that of the covalently bound enzyme. However, the adsorbed enzyme can be used, for example, in affinity chromatography due to its higher specific activity, selectivity and reversibility of the sorption. PMID- 3244677 TI - [Experience with detecting patients with aspecific bronchopulmonary diseases at tuberculosis dispensaries]. PMID- 3244678 TI - [Methods of treating patients with tuberculosis complicated by chronic cor pulmonale and a pharmacokinetic study of antibacterial drugs]. PMID- 3244676 TI - [Determination of the enzymatic activity of lysine amidase]. AB - A technique is proposed for determining lysinamidase and aminolactamase activities of lysinamidase (EC 3.5.1.n.). It is based on spectrophotometric measurement of the optical density decrease of the substrate solution at 227 nm. For cyclic lysinamide L-alpha-amino-epsilon-caprolactam epsilon 227 M = 151 M 1.cm-1, for linear lysinamide epsilon 227 M = 73 M-1.cm-1, and for lysine epsilon 227 M = 5 M-1.cm-1. The technique is simple and requires no additional reagents. PMID- 3244680 TI - [Inactivation of glucocorticoid hormones by rifampicin in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3244679 TI - [Nonhemolytic reactions in tuberculosis patients and their prevention]. PMID- 3244681 TI - [Treatment of immunosuppressive disorders in patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the lung]. PMID- 3244682 TI - [Phthisio-pulmonological tasks in an industrial region]. PMID- 3244683 TI - [Functional and roentgeno-morphological characteristics of peripheral bronchi in sarcoidosis of the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes]. PMID- 3244684 TI - [Spinal cord disorders in tuberculosis and osteomyelitis of the spine and their surgical treatment]. PMID- 3244686 TI - [HLA-DR phenotype and DR/B haplotype in patients with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3244685 TI - [Effects of air pollutants on pulmonary blood vessels]. PMID- 3244687 TI - [Importance of colposcopy in the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis]. PMID- 3244688 TI - [Resection of superior and lower lobes of the right lung in a female patient with fibro-cavernous tuberculosis and congenital defect]. PMID- 3244689 TI - [Surgical interventions in the diagnosis and therapy of tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes]. PMID- 3244690 TI - [Stopping dyspneic attacks in bronchopulmonary aspergillosis by inhalation of amphotericin B]. PMID- 3244691 TI - [Follow-up studies of persons who during childhood and adolescence had family and social contacts with tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 3244692 TI - An investigation of protein subunit and domain interfaces. AB - Protein structures were collected from the Brookhaven Database of tertiary architectures that displayed oligomeric association (24 molecules) or whose polypeptide folding revealed domains (34 proteins). The subunit and domain interfaces for these proteins were respectively examined from the following aspects: percentage water-accessible surface area buried by the respective associations, surface compositions and physical characteristics of the residues involved in the subunit and domain contacts, secondary structural state of the interface amino acids, preferred polar and non-polar interactions, spatial distribution of polar and non-polar residues on the interface surface, same residue interactions in the oligomeric contacts, and overall cross-section and shape of the contact surfaces. A general, consistent picture emerged for both the domain and subunit interfaces. PMID- 3244693 TI - Hydrophobic microdomains as structural invariant regions in proteins. AB - A procedure for finding clusters of interacting residues in protein hydrophobic cores is proposed. Such clusters have been located for six globular proteins of known structure. Assuming that sequences of the same protein from different biological sources encode the same tertiary structure, replacements within clusters were analysed after sequence alignment. An evolutionary conservation was found for residues in cluster positions showing that these microdomains play a structural role and are more invariant in proteins. PMID- 3244694 TI - Model building of disulfide bonds in proteins with known three-dimensional structure. AB - As an aid in the selection of sites in a protein where a disulfide bond might be engineered, a computer program has been developed. The algorithm starts with the generation of C beta positions from the N, C alpha and C atom coordinates available from a three-dimensional model. A first set of residue pairs that might form a disulfide bond is selected on the basis of C beta-C beta distances between residues. Then, for each residue in this set, S gamma positions are generated, which satisfy the requirement that, with ideal values for the C alpha-C beta and C beta-S gamma bond lengths and for the bond angle at C beta, the distance between S gamma of residue 1 and C beta of residue 2 in a pair (determined by the bond angle at S gamma 2) is at, or very close to its ideal value. Usually two acceptable S gamma positions are found for each half cystine, resulting in up to four different conformations for the disulfide bond. Finally, these conformations are subjected to an energy minimization procedure to remove large deviations from ideal geometry and their final energies are calculated. User input determines which final conformations are energetically acceptable. These conformations are written to a file to allow further analysis and e.g. inspection on a computer graphics device. PMID- 3244696 TI - A structure-function relationship for the calcium affinities of regulatory proteins containing 'EF-hand' pairs. AB - Using a series of homologous calcium-binding proteins, a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), log(1/Kd) = -18.986 - 1.6278(X1) + 0.7981(X2) + 0.2312(X3), has been established, which relates the calcium-binding affinities (1/Kd) of the regulatory proteins with (i) the net ligand charge (X1) of the two calcium binding loops, (ii) the hydrophobicity (X2) of the beta-sheet segment of the loops and (iii) the hydrophobicity (X3) of the four 'EF-hand' helices. It is found that the binding affinities are influenced by the 'EF-hand' pair rather than the individual 'EF-hands'. The QSAR, in addition to explaining satisfactorily the large variation in the observed calcium affinities, can predict the affinities of the 'EF-hand' pairs in other proteins from the amino acid sequence and can also account for the changes in the affinities caused by substitution in the hydrophobic and/or metal-coordinating residues. Thus, this relationship can be employed in protein design and engineering. The method is potentially useful in the development of similar relationships for the binding of other proteins to substrates, inhibitors, drugs and co-factors. PMID- 3244695 TI - Analysis and prediction of the location of catalytic residues in enzymes. AB - The catalytic residues of an enzyme are defined as the amino acids directly involved in chemical catalysis. They mainly act as a general acid--base, electrophilic or nucleophilic catalyst or they polarize and stabilize the transition state. An analysis of the structural features of 36 catalytic residues in 17 enzymes of known structure and with defined mechanism is reported. Residues that bind metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+) are considered separately. The features examined are: residue type, location in secondary structure, separation between the residues, accessibility to solvent, intra-protein electrostatic interactions, mobility as evaluated from crystallographic temperature factors, polarity of the environment and the sequence conservation between homologous enzymes of residues that were sequentially or spatially close to the catalytic residue. In general the environment of catalytic residues is similar to that of polar side chains that have low accessibility to solvent. Two algorithms have been developed to identify probable catalytic residues. Scanning an alignment of homologous enzyme sequences for peaks of sequence conservation identifies 13 out of the 16 catalytic residues with 50 residues overpredicted. When the conservation of the spatially close residues is used instead, a different set of 13 residues are identified with 47 residues overpredicted. A combination of the two algorithms identifies 11 residues with 36 residues overpredicted. PMID- 3244697 TI - A multivariate analysis method for discriminating protein secondary structural segments. AB - Using discriminant analysis, three types of protein secondary structure segments- helices, beta-strands and coils--are discriminated by amino acid sequence information alone. A variable in the discriminant analysis is defined by the amino acid index used to represent the sequence data and by the calculation method used to extract a feature in this representation. Thus, the three types of secondary structure segments derived from a set of non-homologous proteins from the Protein Data Bank are analyzed by 888 variables, which correspond to the mean, standard deviation, 3.6-residue periodicity and 2-residue periodicity for the numerical profiles determined from 222 published amino acid indices. These variables are combined to obtain best discrimination of the three types of segments. When up to three variables are combined, the best discrimination rate was 75%. The variables selected consist of the mean of alpha propensity (or turn propensity), the mean of beta propensity, and the 3.6-residue periodicity of hydrophobicity. This variable selection procedure can also be applied to other types of discrimination problem, once groups of sequence data are properly organized. PMID- 3244698 TI - Cluster analysis of amino acid indices for prediction of protein structure and function. AB - The relationship among 222 published indices representing various physicochemical and biochemical properties of amino acid residues has been investigated by hierarchical cluster analysis. The clustering result is illustrated by the minimum spanning tree, which is conveniently divided into four regions: alpha and turn propensities, beta propensity, hydrophobicity and other physicochemical properties including, among others, bulkiness of amino acid residues. In addition, several subclasses of hydrophobicity scales have been identified: preference of inside and outside, accessible surface area, surrounding hydrophobicity and other mostly experimental scales including transfer free energy, partition coefficients, HPLC parameters and polarity. Representative amino acid indices are identified in each of these groups. The collection of amino acid indices is a useful resource for empirical analyses correlating sequence information with structural and functional properties of proteins. As an example, the indices that best reproduce the amino acid mutation data matrix are searched against this collection. PMID- 3244699 TI - Psychotherapy and the etiology of psychiatric disorders. AB - This paper compares two broad views of psychotherapy, the etiological and the rehabilitative. The etiological view is based on the premise that the psychotherapeutic process provides a basis for laying bare the causal link between 'deeply repressed' unconscious forces and the patient's current condition. Spence's critique of this position is based on drawing a distinction between narrative truth and historical truth, pointing out the persuasive or rhetorical power of a coherent synthesis of the material presented by the patient, regardless of its historical veracity. Michels also draws attention to this difficulty by pointing to Freud's discovery that reports from childhood were based not on fact, but on fantasies which re-emerge in the transference relationship. The proposal that the therapist provides a context more conducive to the resolution of childhood trauma implies that the trauma was fact and not fantasy. Frank has drawn the parallel between confession in a cueless vacuum with brainwashing techniques which result in the confession of non-events. Besides these difficulties, the etiological approach cannot establish the direction of supposed causality linking childhood events, repressed psychological forces and the patient's condition. The apparently consistent pattern of expectations, perceptions, behavior and 'defenses' may themselves be the effects rather than the causes of the patient's condition. The psychotherapeutic process is intrinsically incapable of deciding objectively between these possibilities. Grunbaum has emphasized this epistemological weakness in the etiological position. The author therefore proposes a more pragmatic, rehabilitative, view of the psychotherapeutic process. Psychotherapy that deals with the personal and social life of the patient may help to alter the circumstances that contribute to discomfort, or change behavior that leads to dissatisfaction, without any commitment to unproven etiological theories. In this sense, psychotherapy, like physiotherapy and rehabilitation, is non-specific and can be applied without making any assumptions regarding specific causal conditions or pathogenetic factors. PMID- 3244701 TI - Post-mortem structural analyses of schizophrenic brain: study designs and the interpretation of data. AB - This paper discusses various factors that must be considered in designing histological studies of schizophrenic brain. An examination of the literature prior to 1952 reveals that much of the controversy arising during the first half of this century can be understood within the context of methodological flaws that included the use of inappropriate controls, the lack of systematic diagnosis of schizophrenia, an absence of blind quantitation and finally, a failure to control for the effects of several potential confounding variables. In addition to these latter concerns, the design of post-mortem structural analyses of schizophrenic brain must also consider what brain areas are reasonable to examine, what morphometric parameters should be evaluated to test a hypothesis in question and whether any differences noted represent primary, secondary or perhaps even epiphenomenal changes in the brain. The life cycle of schizophrenic patients should be considered in these designs so that factors intrinsic to the disorder, such as a genetic trait marker or the effects of perinatal insult, can be distinguished from changes that may arise later, perhaps in relation to the acquisition of the defect state. The basic principles of neurobiology and clinical psychiatry should be applied in developing a design and in interpreting data that emerges. Taking all of these issues into account, complex strategies will be required in order to obtain reliable, valid and clinically relevant information that can contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. PMID- 3244700 TI - Child temperament as a developmental or an epidemiological concept: a methodological point of view. AB - Epidemiological and developmental methodologies are 2 complementary approaches to the study of the relationship between adverse temperament and the development of personality and psychopathology in childhood. The association between adverse temperament and clinical disorders in childhood is now well documented in the general population. This paper argues that at least 5 epidemiological questions about child temperament need answers before investing time and energy in limited analyses of molecular interactions between temperament and specific environmental characteristics. (1) We need to know to what extent child adverse temperament really increases risk of clinical disorders; this must be expressed quantitatively and compared with the other well-documented psychosocial risk factors. (2) We need to test, in random samples, different general models of the temperament-environment interplay through the 'additive, synergistic, control of exposure to other environmental risks' paradigm. (3) Do we have evidence that adverse temperament interacts with some of the well-known psychosocial risk factors or with special areas of family functioning? (4) Does adverse temperament predispose, in the general population, to particular types of childhood disorders or is there a non-specific risk effect? (5) Are there sex differences in the risk associated with adverse temperament in the population? PMID- 3244702 TI - The effects of long-term administration of antidepressant drugs on intracranial self-stimulation responding in rats. AB - A discrimination procedure employing a two hole nose-poke technique was used to evaluate the effects of chronic administration of desipramine, amitriptyline, bupropion, nomifensine and zimelidine on intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). Analysis of ICSS as a function of descending and ascending current presentation revealed that long-term exposure to desipramine significantly facilitated rates of responding from the medial forebrain bundle, and resulted in a shift to the left of the rate-intensity functions. The use of a discrimination paradigm allowed for the assessment of incorrect responses which proved to be a sensitive measure of the motor activating properties associated with electrical brain stimulation. These data indicated that the positive reinforcing effects of desipramine were not accompanied by concomitant increases in motor arousal. No changes in ICSS responding were evident after long-term treatment with amitriptyline, or the atypical antidepressants, bupropion, nomifensine and zimelidine. The implications of these findings were discussed in terms of the effects of these drugs on reward processes and the role of dopamine in the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 3244703 TI - Tolerance to tobacco smoke- and nicotine-induced analgesia in rats. AB - Acute exposure of male Sprague-Dawley rats to either nicotine or tobacco smoke results in analgesia as measured by tail-flick latencies. A second treatment, 24 hr after the first, failed to produce analgesia, thereby demonstrating the rapid development of tolerance. The restraint which was a necessary part of the tobacco smoke exposure also produced analgesia, although of a more transient nature and lesser magnitude than that resulting from tobacco smoke exposure. Tolerance also developed to restraint stress-induced analgesia. The long-term (43 weeks) daily exposure of rats to tobacco smoke or restraint stress resulted in the development of cross-tolerance, suggesting that these two procedures share, at least in part, a common mechanism. Additionally, long-term tobacco smoke exposure resulted in an increased tail-flick latency when the animals had been withdrawn from tobacco smoke for 24 hr, suggesting the development of tolerance. The data also suggest a differential time course for the development of tolerance and dependence. This is the first report that addresses the effect of acute and chronic tobacco smoke exposure on pain sensitivity. PMID- 3244704 TI - 'Taming' of wild rats (Rattus rattus) by 5HT1A agonists buspirone and gepirone. AB - A battery of tests designed to elicit reactions to a variety of nonpainful threat stimuli was used to study the effects of the 5HT1A agonists buspirone (5-20 mg/kg), and gepirone (5-20 mg/kg) on the defensive repertoire of wild Rattus rattus. These two compounds produced very similar patterns of results on the test battery, with gepirone generally more effective: Both compounds failed to interfere with either spontaneous motor activity or avoidance/flight to an approaching experimenter. However, both reduced defensive reactivity to proximal threat stimuli, increasing passive contacts with the experimenter in an inescapable situation and reducing "proximal" defensive reactions: jump/flinch reactions to dorsal contact, and, boxing, and biting to a number of threat stimuli. Defensive threat vocalizations and jump attacks were also reduced, but less consistently, as was the experimenter's rating of subject's defensiveness to being picked up. This pattern of results suggested specific "taming" effects of buspirone and, especially, gepirone on defensive reactions. In combination with findings indicating somewhat different (benzodiazepines) to very different (ethanol) profiles for other anxiolytics in the same test battery, these results suggest that the Defense Test Battery may be capable of providing behavioural differentiation among various classes of anxiolytics. PMID- 3244705 TI - Urinary catecholamines: comparison between HPLC with electrochemical detection and fluorophotometric assay. AB - Comparisons between catecholamines determined by HPLC (with electrochemical detection) and fluorometry in urine samples from healthy adults and children, respectively, showed high correlations. In agreement with greater specificity for HPLC, mean values were higher for the fluorometric assay. However, it was concluded that fluorometric assays provide as valid and sensitive indices of stress-induced changes in catecholamine excretion in humans as HPLC. PMID- 3244706 TI - Cholecystokinin suppresses food intake in cats: structure-activity characterization. AB - Our experimental models in this study were cats fitted with gastric fistulae. Intravenous infusion of sulfated CCK 8 and nonsulfated Boc CCK 7 inhibited both sham-feeding and feeding in fasted cats. The threshold dose (1.2 pmol/kg.hr) required for inhibition of sham-feeding was identical to that required to inhibit feeding in the same animals. However, the gastric secretory studies indicated that this dose was 90 times lower than the threshold dose stimulating gastric acid secretion (109 pmol/kg.hr). In nonfasted animals, sulfated CCK 8 and nonsulfated Boc CCK 7 (219 and 875 pmol/kg.hr) are both capable of decreasing the food intake at different intervals following the infusion with no significant effect on daily food intake. Our findings clearly show that there is no difference in the sensitivity of CCK's ability to inhibit sham-feeding and feeding, suggesting that CCK's suppressive effect on food intake does not solely involve gastric distension mechanisms. In contrast to gastric acid secretion, the sulfate group is not a "restrictive" factor for peripherally-induced CCK satiety. PMID- 3244708 TI - Chlordiazepoxide and the drinking of water by rats: effects of shock and other suppressive measures. AB - The effects of chlordiazepoxide (5 and 10 mg/kg) on fluid consumption in water deprived rats were assessed. Drinking was inhibited to approximately equal extents by a water preload, by d-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg), by neophobia and by shock at mild (0.3 mA) or moderate (0.5 mA) intensities, the latter condition having an enhanced level of deprivation also. At both doses chlordiazepoxide significantly enhanced drinking in the neophobia, mild shock and, especially, the moderate shock condition but failed to increase drinking suppressed by preload or d-amphetamine. It is concluded that the increases in drinking suppressed by neophobia or shock which chlordiazepoxide induces may be due to anxiolytic actions of the drug or to enhanced palatability since they cannot be explained in terms of nonspecific enhancement of fluid consumption. PMID- 3244707 TI - Norfenfluramine, the fenfluramine metabolite, provides stimulus control: evidence for serotonergic mediation. AB - Nine male rats were trained to discriminate 1.4 mg/kg norfenfluramine (NF) from its vehicle using a two-lever, food-motivated, operant discrimination task. Once trained, the rats showed a dose-dependent decrease in responding on the NF correct lever following decreased doses of NF (ED50 = 0.71 mg/kg). Administration of 2.0 mg/kg fenfluramine (FEN) produced 100% responding on the NF-correct lever and decreasing doses of FEN, likewise, produced a dose-dependent decrease in responding on the NF-correct lever (ED50 = 1.30 mg/kg). Time-course data indicated that NF has a fast onset and a peak effect at 20-60 min after administration. Analysis of the time-course data provided a half-life of approximately 8 hr. In contrast, FEN did not show the rapid onset that was observed with NF. However, NF had a similar peak effect and half-life. These results indicate a pharmacological similarity between NF and FEN. However, the difference in onset of action suggests a possible difference between the parent drug and its metabolite. The serotonergic agonists mCPP, DOI, 5-MeODMT and LSD generalized to 1.4 mg/kg NF, whereas neither TFMPP nor 8-OHDPAT generalized to NF. The dopaminergic agonist AMPH also did not generalize to NF. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3244709 TI - The effects of buspirone, a selective anxiolytic, on stress ulcer formation in rats. AB - The effects of buspirone hydrochloride were investigated on the formation of cold immobilization gastric stress ulcers. Low doses significantly attenuated, while higher doses greatly potentiated gastric stress pathology. The dopamine antagonist haloperidol, and the agonist apomorphine respectively, reversed the buspirone effects. The role of dopamine in the expression of buspirone's effects is discussed, although other transmitter systems may mediate some of the actions of buspirone. PMID- 3244710 TI - Evidence for antiserotonergic properties of yohimbine. AB - Yohimbine (YOH) is a widely used pharmacological tool employed to produce a selective blockade of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. In the present study operant behavior was used as a biobehavioral assay to determine the activity of YOH at serotonergic receptors, as indicated by its ability to antagonize the behavioral effects of a serotonergic agonist, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Rats were trained to respond on a Fixed Ratio 15 schedule for food reinforcement. YOH (0.5 5.0 mg/kg) or vehicle and LSD (50 micrograms/kg) were administered (IP) 30 min and immediately prior, respectively, to the 30-min operant session. In a separate study, the ability of YOH (0.5-2.5 mg/kg) to antagonize a higher dose of LSD (100 micrograms/kg) was examined. Relatively low doses of YOH (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) were able to partially, but significantly antagonize the LSD-induced suppression and typical hallucinogen-induced disruption of schedule-controlled responding. These results suggest that YOH, even at moderate doses, may act nonselectively as an antagonist at 5-HT receptors, in addition to its antagonist action at alpha 2 adrenergic receptors. This study demonstrates the utility of operant behavior as a biobehavioral assay to study the receptor mediated action of drugs. PMID- 3244712 TI - Selective breeding for increased cholinergic function: increased serotonergic sensitivity. AB - The effects of the serotonergic antagonist cyproheptadine and the agonist 1(m chlorophenyl) piperazine (mCPP) on core body temperature, locomotor activity and operant responding for a water reward were determined in two lines of Sprague Dawley rats selectively bred for differences in sensitivity to the anticholinesterase, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). Both cyproheptadine and mCPP induced a dose-dependent hypothermia that was significantly greater in the line of rat more sensitive to DFP (the Flinders Sensitive Line--FSL). On the other hand, the mild stimulant effects of cyproheptadine on operant responding and locomotor activity were similar in the two lines, whereas the marked inhibitory effects of mCPP on these two measures were significantly greater in the FSL rats. This study also confirmed that the FSL rats were significantly more sensitive to the hypothermic effects of oxotremorine, a muscarinic agonist, and showed that pretreatment with cyproheptadine reduced the hypothermic effects of oxotremorine to a similar extent in the two lines. These findings indicate that rats selectively bred for increased cholinergic function (FSL) also differ in their sensitivity to serotonergic agonists and antagonists, thereby extending the evidence for cholinergic-serotonergic interactions in the rat. PMID- 3244711 TI - Effects of an irreversible muscarinic agonist (BM123) on avoidance and spontaneous alternation performance. AB - The present study sought to assess whether the compound N-[4-(2-chloro ethylmethylamine)-2-butynyl]-2-pyrrolidone (BM123), a potent muscarinic agonist that binds irreversibly to the muscarinic receptor (mAChR), has long-lasting functional effects which may be related to a reduction in functional mAChRs. Passive (inhibitory) avoidance performance, one-way active avoidance learning, and spontaneous alternation behavior were studied in rats. The results confirmed the acute muscarinic stimulating effects of BM123, including tremor, salivation, chromodacryorrhea and hypothermia. In addition, when measured 3-4 days after administration, rats treated with BM123 had disrupted spontaneous alternation performance and tended to have impaired performance for the inhibitory avoidance task with facilitated acquisition of active avoidance. This spectrum of effects is consistent with previous reports showing a 20-40% reduction in mAChRs at these times after BM123. The reversible muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine, was without significant effect. In a further experiment, it was found that pretreatment with methyl atropine did not prevent the disruption of spontaneous alternation behavior by BM123, whereas pretreatment with atropine did. Thus, these long lasting behavioral effects of BM123 are related to its alkylation of and subsequent reduction in central mAChRs. PMID- 3244713 TI - Dose-dependent enhancement of morphine-induced analgesia by ingestion of amniotic fluid and placenta. AB - Ingestion of amniotic fluid and placenta by rats has been shown to enhance opioid mediated analgesia. The present studies were designed to examine the effect of several doses and volumes of placenta and amniotic fluid on tail-flick latency in rats treated with 3 mg/kg morphine. The optimal dose of amniotic fluid was found to be 0.25 ml, although 0.50 and 1.0 ml also produced significant enhancement. Doses of 0.125 and 2 ml of amniotic fluid were ineffective, as was a dose of 0.25 ml diluted to 2 ml with saline. The optimal dose of placenta was found to be 1 placenta, although the resulting enhancement was not significantly greater than that produced by 025, 0.50, 2.0 or 4.0 placentas. Doses smaller than 0.25 placenta or larger than 4.0 placentas were ineffective. The most effective doses of amniotic fluid and placenta correspond to the amounts delivered with each pup during parturition. PMID- 3244714 TI - Effect of naloxone on the locomotor stimulatory action of chlordiazepoxide in mice. AB - Locomotor activity was measured, during 60 min, in CD-1 mice receiving chlordiazepoxide (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) after a pretreatment with saline solution or naloxone (0.5, 1, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg). Both doses of chlordiazepoxide significantly increased locomotor activity in saline-pretreated mice. Naloxone prevented chlordiazepoxide-induced hyperactivity, at doses that did not themselves affect activity. This antagonistic action of naloxone indicates that opioid mechanisms are involved in the locomotor stimulatory effects exerted by chlordiazepoxide in mice. PMID- 3244715 TI - Quantifying the altered cardiac response to atropine following pyridostigmine in rhesus macaques. AB - An estimate of the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (V) has been proposed as a noninvasive measure of parasympathetic activity. This experiment monitored V in response to a subclinical dose of pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) and a pharmacological challenge of atropine sulfate (ATR). Twelve male rhesus macaques received 200 micrograms/kg of PYR 30 min prior to an injection of 0, 14, 44, or 140 micrograms/kg ATR. The decrease in V after both the 44 and 140 micrograms/kg ATR doses was similar to the response to ATR alone in a previous experiment. The 14 micrograms/kg dose of ATR did not significantly decrease V in this experiment, which is in contrast with the large decrease of V after ATR alone in a previous experiment. Neither drug affected respiration. The dose of ATR which would be effective in causing a 30% decrease of V in the presence of PYR was estimated to be 18.3 micrograms/kg of ATR. This is twice the dose of ATR calculated to have the same effect without PYR. The attenuated response of V after a pharmacological challenge of ATR may be used to quantify the latent muscarinic effects from exposure to anticholinesterase agents. The attenuated response to ATR may also be useful for evaluating the return of normal cholinergic function after disruption by cholinesterase inhibitors. PMID- 3244716 TI - Effects of cocaine, alone and in combination with task performance, on heart rate and blood pressure. AB - Eleven adult male subjects with histories of cocaine use participated in daily experimental sessions consisting of resting cardiovascular (heart rate, blood pressure) baseline measures followed by intranasal cocaine (4, 48 or 96 mg) administration and further cardiovascular monitoring. Subjects in Group I performed a learning task before and after cocaine administration, while subjects in Group II rested. Cocaine administration alone significantly increased heart rate up to 10 beats per minute (bpm) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) up to 15 mm/Hg. Task performance alone increased heart rate up to 8 bpm and MAP up to 10 mm/Hg. In combination, increases in heart rate up to 19 bpm and MAP up to 18 mm/Hg were observed. Thus, combinations of cocaine administration and task performance increased heart rate and blood pressure above levels observed following the occurrence of either activity alone. These results indicate the importance of understanding the effects of drugs within the environmental context in which they are taken. PMID- 3244717 TI - The general anesthesia induced by various drugs differentially affects analgesia and its variability. AB - Responses to noxious stimuli in awake animals are not totally consensual but are influenced by environmental factors. We considered the possibility that the influence of the environment could be reduced by induction of general anesthesia. We, therefore, compared responses to nociceptive thermal stimuli by measuring tail flick latency, a spinal reflex, in anesthetized and awake mice. All anesthetics tested decreased the intraindividual variability in the measurement of response, suggesting that environmental factors may account for much of this variability in the awake mouse. Mice treated with pentobarbital showed a graded response to increasing levels of heat but were unresponsive to either morphine or naloxone. In mice anesthetized with pentobarbital, increases in latencies occurred only at very deep levels of anesthesia, while urethane nociceptive effect of ketamine was reversed by morphine. Thus, the various anesthetics could show differential effects towards opiate action. The decrease in statistical variability, the differential effects of general anesthetics on tail flick latency, and the distinctive effects of the different anesthetics on opiate action suggest that the anesthetized animal may be a useful tool in the study of nociception. PMID- 3244719 TI - The ontogeny of opiate tolerance and withdrawal in infant rats. AB - The acquisition of morphine analgesic tolerance was investigated in neonatal rats. Morphine was found to produce a potent analgesia, as measured by latency to retract a hindpaw from a 52 degree C hotplate, in rat pups as young as 1 day of age. Morphine analgesic tolerance, however, did not develop in rats until the third week of life. Rats given the same daily morphine regimen starting at 15 days of age or older showed rapid tolerance development. The data from four experiments indicate that experience with morphine prior to this age (Day 15) does not impact on the analgesic efficacy of the drug. Similarly, when morphine treatment was discontinued and the rats given a naloxone challenge, withdrawal symptoms were not observed in very young rats. Opiate withdrawal was first detected in rats that started their daily morphine treatment at 30 days of age and were then challenged with naloxone at 52 days of age. Therefore, two correlates of opiate addiction, tolerance and withdrawal, appear to be relatively late-developing phenomena in the rat. PMID- 3244718 TI - Enhancing effect of taurine on the rat caudate spindle. I: Interaction of taurine with the nigro-striatal dopamine system. AB - We studied the effects of taurine on the caudate spindle in rats and compared the findings with those of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) when these compounds were microinjected into the bilateral striatum. Three micrograms of taurine was without effect, whereas 10 and 30 micrograms of taurine enhanced the spindle in a dose-dependent manner. GABA (3-100 micrograms) had no significant effect. Apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg) and methamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) given intravenously to pargyline-pretreated rats suppressed the spindle. The suppressing effects of these drugs were reduced by taurine (3 micrograms) at the dose which, per se, did not affect the spindle. These results suggest that taurine may decrease the activity of striatal dopaminergic neurons and enhance the caudate spindle. PMID- 3244721 TI - Unilateral inflammation of the hindpaw in rats as a model of prolonged noxious stimulation: alterations in behavior and nociceptive thresholds. AB - Unilateral intraplantar injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into one hindpaw of rats led to a localized inflammation that became apparent within 12 hours and reached its peak between 2 and 3 weeks. FCA-treated rats displayed a diminished rate of body weight gain, a reduction of food and water intake and a disruption of circadian temperature regulation, as well as decreased locomotor activity and pronounced scratching behavior in the open field. Paw pressure thresholds were reduced only in inflamed paws. Contralateral, noninflamed paws showed comparable thresholds to those of control animals. Tail-flick and tail pressure responses were not different from controls. These data suggest that FCA treated animals experience increased noxious input from the inflamed limb and that changes in thresholds to acutely applied nociceptive stimuli are due to a peripheral hypersensitivity of inflamed tissue. The present condition resembles most closely a state of acute inflammatory pain. The term "chronic pain" in its strict sense is not appropriate in this model. PMID- 3244720 TI - Differential response to flurazepam in long-sleep and short-sleep mice. AB - In addition to differing in ethanol sensitivity, long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mice also differ in response to GABAergic agents. In the present study the sensitivity of LS and SS mice to the anesthetic, hypothermic and anticonvulsant effects of benzodiazepine, flurazepam, was determined. Flurazepam (75-300 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent loss of righting response in both lines. The LS line displayed a two-fold greater sensitivity to the anesthetic effects of flurazepam. A dose-dependent decrease in body temperature was also observed following administration of flurazepam (25-150 mg/kg), but the two lines did not differ on this measure. Determination of the anticonvulsant effects of flurazepam (1-6 mg/kg) against seizures induced by 3-mercaptopropionic acid revealed that the SS line was more sensitive to the anticonvulsant effects of this benzodiazepine. These studies demonstrate that LS and SS mice differ in response to flurazepam, but the nature of the difference depends on the type of response measured and the dose of flurazepam employed. PMID- 3244722 TI - Chronic administration of S-(-)-pentobarbital in pigeons and rats: tolerance development. AB - The development of tolerance to pentobarbital and cross-tolerance to other barbiturates has been documented in both laboratory animals and man. This study was undertaken to determine the extent of tolerance development to S-(-) pentobarbital in rats and pigeons receiving 10 mg/kg/day S-(-)-pentobarbital, PO. In addition, the extent of cross-tolerance was determined to R-(+)-pentobarbital and both isomers of secobarbital. Rats were trained to respond under a variable interval 60-sec (V160) schedule of food presentation while pigeons were trained to respond under a multiple fixed-ratio 30, fixed-interval 600-sec schedule of food presentation. After responding had stabilized, dose-response curves were determined for R-(+)-pentobarbital, S-(-)-pentobarbital, R-(+)-secobarbital, and S-(-)-secobarbital in both species. Upon the completion of the acute dose response curves, both rats and pigeons were given 10 mg/kg/day S-(-) pentobarbital, PO for 30 consecutive days prior to the redetermination of all four dose-response curves. Upon the completion of this second determination of each curve, the daily administration of the S-(-)-pentobarbital was discontinued, and the rats and pigeons remained drug free for 30 days. Following this 30-day drug free period, dose-response curves for the isomers of both pentobarbital and secobarbital were redetermined for a third time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244723 TI - Naloxone fails to alter local cerebral glucose utilization in the rat. AB - The autoradiographic, 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose ([14C]DG) method was used to map the effects of intravenous (IV) naloxone (1.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg/kg) on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU), an index of local brain function. Naloxone injected 5 min before [14C]DG did not alter LCGU in any of the fifty-six brain regions examined. Our findings suggest that acute naloxone at these doses does not significantly affect cerebral metabolism. PMID- 3244724 TI - 3rd Amine Oxidases International Workshop. Firenze, Italy, 1-3 September 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3244725 TI - Characterization of MAO A and MAO B in human placental mitochondria by activity, immunoblotting and radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies and active site labeling with 3H-pargyline. PMID- 3244726 TI - Copper-containing amine oxidases in human disease. PMID- 3244727 TI - Interactions of the novel inhibitors of MAO-B Ro 19-6327 and Ro 16-6491 with the active site of the enzyme. PMID- 3244728 TI - [Local anesthetics. 90. Asymmetric dibasic alkyl esters of alkoxyphenylcarbamic acids]. AB - The synthesis of 24 compounds belonging to the group of dibasic substituted alkoxy phenyl carbamic acids is described. The compounds are characterized by relatively low acute toxicity and good local anaesthetic as well as antiarrhythmic activity. PMID- 3244729 TI - Evaluation of some azines of aminomethylacetophenones and related quaternary ammonium compounds versus the EMT6 tumour. AB - Azines derived from 3-dimethylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanone hydrochloride and two ring dimethylaminomethyl-acetophenones as well as the related quaternary ammonium iodides were synthesized. In phosphate buffer ph 7.4/37 degrees C 3-dimethylamino 1-phenyl-1-propanone azine dimethoiodide (2) formed 1-phenyl-3-(3-phenyl-2 pyrazolin-1-yl)-1-propanone. In the presence of a biomimetic thiol, 2 mercaptoethanol, compound 2 gave a bis S-alkylated product namely 3-(2 hydroxyethylthio)-1-phenyl-1-propanone azine. New products were not observed when two quaternary ammonium compounds derived from ring aminomethylacetophenone azines were examined under similar conditions. Six derivatives had moderate activity against the EMT6 tumour in vitro at concentrations of 250-500 mumol.1( 1) and greatest potency was noted with the ring dimethylaminomethylacetophenone azines and related quaternary ammonium compounds at these concentrations. PMID- 3244730 TI - Photochemical degradation of barbituric acid derivatives. Part 8: Photolysis of sodium salts of barbiturates in solid state. AB - After the UV irradiation of suspensions of barbiturate sodium salts in paraffin oil the IR spectra revealed two IR absorption bands at ca. 2170 and 2250 cm-1. The effects of different conditions of the photochemical process and the addition of nucleophilic reagents after irradiation on the intensity of these bands were studied. The origin of 2170 cm-1 band was interpreted in terms of the isocyanate intermediate which is formed after the pyrimidine ring opening. PMID- 3244731 TI - Effect of surfactant incorporation techniques on sulphamethoxazole suppository formulations. AB - In vitro release, stability as well as bioavailability of sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) suppositories were investigated using solid dispersion techniques for surfactant incorporation. Tween 20, Tween 80 and Myrj 53 were the surfactants utilized in this investigation. Suppositories were prepared by fusion method using Witepsol H15 as a base. It was found that SMZ-surfactant physical mixture showed the highest drug release from suppositories. This indicated that the technique of surfactant incorporation has a great role in enhancing the drug release from suppositories. Stability study revealed that the technique of surfactant incorporation did not affect the drug stability. Bioavailability investigation has proved surfactant incorporation in suppository formulations of SMZ in fatty bases. PMID- 3244732 TI - [Drug transport through artificial lipoid membranes. 22. Amplitude of ultrasonicated liposomes as a model system for investigations of drug transport]. AB - The use of sonicated liposomes for the characterization of the transport behaviour of basic drugs is described. The rate of permeation depends mostly on the lipophilic character of the drugs. PMID- 3244733 TI - Influence of ion-pair-formation on the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Part 3: Influence of hexylsalicylic acid on the pharmacokinetics of pholedrine. AB - Based on previous in vitro studies it could be shown that ion-pair-formation with the lipophilic hexylsalicylic acid (1) influences the pharmacokinetics of the hydrophilic drug pholedrine (2) which is ionized in all physiological media. After oral combination with 1 an increase of the AUC of 2 could be observed. This finding is due both to the increase of the absorption of 2 and to the decrease of the elimination of 2. After i.v. application the high biotransformation rate of 2 prevents an influence of 1. PMID- 3244734 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of aluminum in rats of various ages]. AB - Experiments were done in 5-, 10-, 20-, 33-, 55-, and 105-d-old rats to clarify whether or not age-dependent differences in pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of Al exist. Using kidney function tests distinct signs of alumina (Al) nephrotoxicity can be demonstrated following 1 or 2 mg Al/100 g b. wt. i.p.: polyruria, reduced concentration of sodium in urine, elevated blood urea nitrogen concentrations. There is the same degree of nephrotoxicity both in adult and in young rats with an immature kidney function. Following administration of 2 mg Al/100 g b. wt. i. p. the initial plasma concentration of Al is distinctly lower in young than in adult rats. A rapid phase of elimination of Al from plasma (alpha-slope) is absent in 5-d-old rats and fully expressed in 33- and 55-d-old rats. In young rats the relative volume of distribution of Al is smaller than in adults. Following the administered dose nephrotoxicity in ducing concentrations of Al were obviously reached also in kidney tissue of young rats. PMID- 3244735 TI - Isolation and identification of an anti-inflammatory principle from Capparis spinosa. AB - The homologous polyprenols cappaprenol-12 (1), cappaprenol-13 (2) and cappaprenol 14 (3) with 12, 13 and 14 isoprene units, respectively, could be isolated by preparative HPLC from alcoholic extracts of Capparis spinosa. Testing 2 for its anti-inflammatory activity an inhibition of the carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats of 44 vs. 67% for the standard oxyphenbutazone was found. PMID- 3244736 TI - Conductometric determination of ipronidazole and dimetridazole. PMID- 3244738 TI - [Studies on the metabolism of the bladder spasmolytic, propiverin (mictonorm) in humans]. PMID- 3244737 TI - [The determination of the real dissolution rate of drug substances in melted suppository masses]. PMID- 3244739 TI - [The action of new quartinary iminium compounds against bacteria and fungal strains. 22. Synthesis of 1-ethyloxymethyl-3-(n-alkoxymethyl) imidazolinium chlorides]. PMID- 3244740 TI - [The effect of reserpine pretreatment on yawning behavior in rats]. PMID- 3244741 TI - [Digitoxin adsorption in an extracorporeal circulation system in in vitro conditions]. PMID- 3244743 TI - Effects of nifedipine on blood pressure and heart rate in conscious neurogenic hypertensive rats. AB - The effects of nifedipine (15 micrograms/kg, i.v.) on mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate were studied in neurogenic hypertensive rats (NHR), compared with renovascular hypertensive (RHR), and control (CR) rats. The maximal MBP reduction reached 32, 37 and 9%, respectively. The baseline MBP was recovered after 120, 150, and 5 min, respectively. The hypotension was not accompanied by changes in the baseline high heart rate of NHR and by tachycardia in CR and RHR groups. The data show the antihypertensive efficacy of nifedipine in both models of hypertension and indicate that under conditions of increased sympathetic tone the cardiac pacemaker cannot be easily inhibited by nifedipine. PMID- 3244742 TI - Age-related changes of norepinephrine content in kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. AB - Renal norepinephrine (NE) content was determined during the development of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats in an attempt to correlate biochemical changes with the reported functional changes occurring in hypertension development in the SHR. In contrast to WKY rats, in which the levels of NE remained relatively constant with age, renal NE content in the SHR was highest at the 4th week of age, decreasing transiently during the 5th, 6th, and 7th weeks, and then again reaching a plateau during the 8th week. The fall in NE content in the kidney is associated with a rise in blood pressure with age in SHR and suggests a relationship between NE levels and hypertension. PMID- 3244745 TI - 15th AGNP-Symposium. Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie. Nuremberg, October 1987. PMID- 3244744 TI - Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic actions of the new intracellular calcium antagonist, KT-362, in the conscious dog. AB - Effects of the intracellular calcium antagonist, KT-362, on systemic and coronary hemodynamics and the electrocardiogram were evaluated in chronically instrumented, awake dogs during intravenous infusion or bolus administration. Both methods of administration resulted in systemic hypotension, tachycardia and decreases in left ventricular pressure and peak positive left ventricular dP/dt. KT-362 produced a transient increase in mean coronary blood flow velocity only during bolus injection, while subendocardial segment shortening was depressed only by drug infusion. Prolongation of QRS duration and the QT interval (corrected for change in heart rate, QTc) also occurred during drug infusion. The results suggest that the hemodynamic effects of intracellular calcium antagonism by KT-362 are qualitatively similar to those of other calcium channel blocking agents which inhibit extracellular calcium influx. In contrast, the actions of KT 362 on cardiac conduction may be different from those of other slow channel calcium blocking agents. PMID- 3244746 TI - Prescription of drugs as related to environmental and organismic determinants of drug action. PMID- 3244747 TI - Individual aspects of physician and patient, and their impact on the prescription of psychotropic medication. PMID- 3244748 TI - Is psychopharmacotherapy symptom or diagnosis directed? PMID- 3244749 TI - Long-term therapy of affective disorders: monotherapy or polypharmacy? PMID- 3244750 TI - Prophylactic lithium treatment: treatment response, and patient attitudes toward illness and treatment. PMID- 3244751 TI - Projects of biomedical research on alcoholism. PMID- 3244752 TI - Pharmacotherapy of panic attacks. PMID- 3244753 TI - The new generation of selective monoamine oxidase-inhibitors: biochemical, pharmacological and clinical perspectives. PMID- 3244755 TI - Psychopharmacological acute trials: methodological problems and approaches for solutions. PMID- 3244754 TI - Non-response to antidepressants: risk factors and therapeutic possibilities. PMID- 3244757 TI - Drug surveillance/drug monitoring in psychiatric out-patient treatment: prescription of psychotropic drugs, diagnoses and adverse drug reaction--3 years. PMID- 3244756 TI - Severe and life-threatening adverse reactions to psychotropic drugs. PMID- 3244758 TI - Empirical investigation on the risk of agranulocytosis/leucopenia under medication with antidepressants. AB - Three different investigations do not demonstrate that treatment with certain antidepressants is combined with an increased risk of leucopenia/agranulocytosis as compared to other antidepressants. But prospective drug monitoring studies on large numbers of patients are necessary to find an answer to this question. PMID- 3244759 TI - Alcohol consumption, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 3244760 TI - The interaction of RS 86, a centrally acting m-cholinoceptor agonist with M1 and M2 receptors in rat brain and rat heart, respectively. PMID- 3244761 TI - Chronic treatment with piracetam elevates muscarinic cholinergic receptor density in the frontal cortex of aged mice. PMID- 3244762 TI - Studies on binding sites for adenosine receptor ligands in rat brain: an approach to the specification of adenosinergic functions. PMID- 3244764 TI - Are auditory evoked potentials suitable for predicting the response to lithium prophylaxis? A study on the effects of repeated measurement, age, gender, and personality on the amplitude/stimulus intensity function in healthy volunteers. PMID- 3244765 TI - Effects of pyritinol on the distribution of electrical brain activity. PMID- 3244763 TI - Increased blink rate in acute and remitted schizophrenics. PMID- 3244767 TI - Secondary and meta-analysis of the efficacy of non-tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 3244766 TI - Disturbed eye movements guided by visuospatial cues in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3244768 TI - Importance of oxidative polymorphism on clinical efficacy and side-effects of imipramine--a retrospective study. PMID- 3244769 TI - EEG characteristics of clinically defined on-drug-responders and non-responders- a comparison clomipramine vs. maprotiline. PMID- 3244772 TI - The influence of medication on the course of major depression: a 3-year-follow-up with polydiagnostic measures. PMID- 3244770 TI - Urinary MHPG-sulfate and urinary MHPG-glucuronide, two possible markers of the central or peripheral norepinephrine metabolism in man. The effect of alprazolam treatment. PMID- 3244771 TI - Alprazolam response in major depression: relationship with urinary levels of MHPG sulfate. PMID- 3244773 TI - Clinical and biochemical effects of the selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram in depressed inpatients controlled by determination of plasma level. PMID- 3244774 TI - A replication study for the prediction of doxepine-response in depressed outpatients. PMID- 3244775 TI - Pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline and amitriptylinoxide after intravenous or oral administration in humans. PMID- 3244776 TI - Electrooculography and dark adaptation in patients with affective and schizoaffective psychoses: early physiological effects of carbamazepine and lithium. PMID- 3244777 TI - Delusional depression--a distinct illness? PMID- 3244778 TI - Self-rating of the global state of mood of depressive patients by a bright-dark scale. PMID- 3244779 TI - Comparison between types of diurnal variations as determined by global assessment and daily recordings of mood. PMID- 3244780 TI - The influence of light therapy in depressive patients. AB - Our study investigated the effects of light therapy on mainly endogenously depressive patients. We applied white fluorescent light of 1500-2000 lux for a length of 4-6 hours daily. For 10 days no antidepressants or sleeping pills were given. We observed a quick and substantial improvement of depressive symptoms within 3 to 5 days. 9 patients showed a very good and 5 patients a good remission of symptoms. This corresponds to an improvement of 65% and is comparable to the effects of antidepressants. The improvement however with light is more rapid and more intensive, the main improvement is to be seen until the 5th day of treatment. No influence was found on vital signs or laboratory values. The rare side-effect was an increase in general drive and activity, which was perceived as agreeable however, and did not take the character of restlessness. Two times an increase of sexual drive was reported. The patients' self-rating concerning vital energy and concentration improved along with the values of the HDRS and CGI as with the quality of sleep. In general patients found light therapy to be agreeable. 1 patient only minimally improved (295.7). No improvement was to be seen in 5 patients (4 x 296.1, 309.1). From our findings we can conclude that light therapy in our patients had the same therapeutic efficacy as tricyclics. In our study the antidepressive effect of light could be maintained with Amitriptylin. Unlike other authors we did not observe a relapse into depression in the responders after ending light therapy. PMID- 3244781 TI - A turning point for mood during sleep deprivation therapy--does it exist? AB - The investigated patients did not demonstrate a common turning point of mood in the night of sleep deprivation therapy. The antidepressant effect of SD does not occur before the end of the night of SD. No critical period for changes of mood between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. were found. Retrospective interviews of patients concerning the completed night of SD are problematic. PMID- 3244782 TI - Reliability of DSM-III anxiety disorders--check-list versus structured interview. PMID- 3244783 TI - Prediction of course in major depression. Does psychopathology predict future drug intake or relapse? PMID- 3244784 TI - Quality of interepisodic periods in patients with affective disorders under long term lithium treatment. PMID- 3244785 TI - Phototherapy in subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder (S-SAD) and "diagnosed" controls. AB - Antidepressant and energizing effects of bright light exposure have been widely reported to occur in patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD). In order to evaluate whether other segments of the population might also benefit from this treatment, we studied 20 normal individuals with mild SAD-like symptoms (subsyndromal SAD, S-SAD) and 20 with no reported seasonal difficulties (non-S SAD). Whereas S-SAD individuals benefited from phototherapy, non-S-SAD normals did not. This finding raises the questions of whether a history of seasonal problems might be a marker of vulnerability to affective episodes and if S-SAD individuals might be considered as a high risk population in this regard. PMID- 3244786 TI - Open comparative study with treatment-refractory depressed patients: electroconvulsive therapy--anesthetic therapy with isoflurane (preliminary report). AB - Isoflurane is the only routine volatile anesthetic which leads to a burst suppression EEG in nontoxic concentrations and for which no memory impairments can be expected subsequent to anesthesia. After electrically induced spike-wave activity in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a brief period of a very flat EEG can be observed. This phenomenon may be closely related to the therapeutic effects of ECT. The results which have been achieved up to now in comparing ECT to anesthetic therapy with isoflurane, without seizures being induced, are presented. PMID- 3244788 TI - Lymphocyte adenylate cyclase: a model for putative adrenergic-cholinergic imbalances in affective disorders? PMID- 3244789 TI - The effects of valerian, propranolol, and their combination on activation, performance, and mood of healthy volunteers under social stress conditions. PMID- 3244787 TI - Effects of lithium ions on the metabolism of inositol phospholipids: studies with human granulocytes. PMID- 3244790 TI - Reliability and validity of the assessment of antidepressant effects. PMID- 3244791 TI - Measuring the quality of life: a comparison between physically and mentally chronically ill patients and healthy persons. AB - The FLZ seems to be a suitable method for reliably measuring the quality of life of healthy persons and of patients, as well as differentiating between persons and groups. The concept of weighting satisfaction with the individual importance of each of the items and of measuring several dimensions seems to make sense in view of the data. The modified version of the FLZ is currently being employed in various hospitals. The assessment of a larger normative sample is being planned. QL shall then be differentiated from the construct mood and be compared to objective data. In addition, the sensibility to change of the questionnaire shall be tested in a process analysis. PMID- 3244792 TI - Efficiency of the AMDP anamnestic data in psychiatric research. AB - The AMDP anamnestic documents were designed to process detailed information on the psychic and social development of the psychiatrically ill in order to improve investigations of the role of social characteristics, especially life-events, concerning onset and course of psychiatric illness. Anamnestic data from 632 patients admitted to hospital treatment were collected and documented with the AMDP-System. Only 24% of the patients were hospitalized for the first time. This is in line with the fact that most of the patients suffered from mental disorders with potentially long-term course. The AMDP-System appears to lack a sufficient relation of anamnestic data to course of life and illness. PMID- 3244793 TI - Psychopathometrics in HIV-infected patients--a multimethodologic study. PMID- 3244794 TI - Effects of the neuropeptide PLG (L-prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide) on writing pressure and speed in healthy subjects. AB - There has been accumulating evidence that PLG influence behavior in humans after peripheral administration. In a randomized double blind study with 10 healthy male subjects in each group, the effect of 25 mg PLG i.v. on writing regulation was investigated and computer evaluated. The writing pressure test was selected as a sensitive parameter to ascertain an effect of PLG on motor behavior. As compared to the placebo group, PLG effects an increase of writing time and a reduction of writing pressure. The results suggested an peptide effect on writing performance in healthy subjects. PMID- 3244795 TI - Combined and separate treatment effects of nicotine chewing gum and self-control method. PMID- 3244796 TI - The personality sphere in patients with panic attacks. PMID- 3244797 TI - The use of research assistants in polydiagnostic research. PMID- 3244799 TI - Levels of metallic mercury and mercuric ion in the venous and arterial bloods of normal and acatalasemic mice following exposure to mercury vapor. AB - Levels of metallic mercury and mercuric ion in the arterial and venous bloods of normal and acatalasemic mice exposed to metallic mercury vapor in vitro and in vivo were investigated. Mercury uptake in venous blood from air saturated with mercury vapor with or without hydrogen peroxide in vitro was determined. Level of mercuric ion in venous blood of normal mice was significantly higher than that of acatalasemic mice. By contrast, metallic mercury in venous blood of acatalasemic mice was elevated relative to level in normal mice. Metallic mercury level in red blood cells and plasma was also significantly higher in acatalasemic mice. The ratio of metallic mercury to total mercury (Hg degrees + Hg2+) in the arterial and venous bloods of acatalasemic mice exposed to metallic mercury vapor was increased relative to normal mice. This ratio in red blood cells and plasma in the venous bloods of acatalasemic mice in vivo was also significantly higher than those of normal mice. The significance of metallic mercury in plasma for distribution of mercury in organs is discussed. PMID- 3244800 TI - SH vibrational frequency and hydrogen bond in biological thiols: a critical analysis. AB - Applications of vibrational spectroscopy to the study of thiol group in biomolecules are critically presented. Correlations between SH frequencies and thiol environment are discussed and problems related to the actual occurrence of H-bonds are particularly analyzed. PMID- 3244798 TI - Diminished synthesis of catalase due to the decrease in catalase mRNA in Japanese type acatalasemia. AB - In order to characterize the genetic defect in Japanese-type acatalasemia, we examined catalase synthesis in the cultured fibroblasts isolated from a patient suffering from this disease. The transcript of the mutant catalase gene was also analyzed by Northern blotting. It was demonstrated that the severe reduction in catalase protein in the acatalasemic patient is due to the defective synthesis of the enzyme caused by the lack of catalase mRNA. Using Southern blotting, we did not detect large deletion, insertion or rearrangement in the mutant catalase gene as compared with the normal one. We conclude that Japanese-type acatalasemia in this study is resulted by a small mutation in the non-coding region of catalase gene which affects some step in the catalase mRNA metabolism. PMID- 3244801 TI - The effect of zinc on iron-induced lipid peroxidation in different lipid systems including liposomes and micelles. AB - The effect of zinc on FeSO4/ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation was measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay in various lipid systems including small unilamellar liposomes prepared from egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC), ionic micelles prepared from arachidonic acid (C20:4), non-ionic monocomponent micelles prepared from EPC-derived, methylated fatty acids, and an eicosatetrene emulsion. With the exception of C20:4 micelles, zinc inhibited lipid peroxidation in each of the above systems in a similar dose-related fashion, with 0.5 mM zinc having maximal effect. Gas-chromatographic fatty acid analysis too indicated a protective effect of zinc against FeCl3-induced lipid peroxidation in soybean PC vesicles, which do not contain C20:4 moieties. These findings, in particular the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in eicosatetrene emulsion, suggest that the presence of uncharged polar head groups, or packing of lipid molecules into ordered self-assemblages (membranes and micelles) have no critical influence on the antioxidant effect of zinc. The results with Fe2+ are compatible with the concept that zinc interferes with the formation of Fe2+-oxygen-enoic complexes. This mechanism, however, cannot account for the inhibition by zinc of the Fe#+-induced lipid peroxidation, suggesting the involvement of other types of zinc effects in these systems. PMID- 3244803 TI - Purification and characterization of plasmid-like DNA from the antimycotic producing fungus, Scytalidium flavo-brunneum. AB - The azasterol producing strain of Scytalidium flavo-brunneum (ATCC 28804) was examined for the presence of a plasmid-like DNA. Several different plasmid preparation procedures yielded DNA which migrated as single bands of equivalent molecular weight when analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Electron microscopy and lambda exonuclease digestion data were consistent with a covalently closed circular structure. A complete restriction map for a circular 9.1-kb plasmid-like DNA was deduced from analysis of restriction enzyme digests and Southern blot hybridizations of restriction fragments. Visualization of the plasmid by electron microscopy revealed a measured contour length of 8.9 kb, using pBR322 as a standard. Southern hybridization analysis using plasmid-like DNA as the probe detected no homology to the non-azasterol producing strains of Scytalidium flavo brunneum or mitochondrial DNA from azasterol producing strain. PMID- 3244802 TI - 23Na NMR study of DNA thermal transconformation in presence of cysteamine radioprotector. AB - DNA thermal transconformation is studied in absence and in presence of the cysteamine radioprotector, by observing the delta nu 1/2 variation of 23Na NMR peaks. The sodium state (Free or Bound) is discussed with the help of a two states model with RF and RB relaxation rates. The delta nu 1/2 behaviour during the DNA transconformation shows clearly the electrostatic interaction with cysteamine which is accompanied by an Na+ ejection out of phosphate sites. The temperature dependence of delta nu 1/2 in all cases leads to the conclusion that RBc (the average relaxation rate of sodium nuclei that remain bound in the coil state of DNA) tends to zero. PMID- 3244804 TI - Construction of an extrachromosomally replicating transformation vector for Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - An extrachromosomally replicating transformation vector for Dictyostelium discoideum has been constructed using sequences of the endogenous Dictyostelium plasmid Ddp2. This transformation vector pnDeI (9.6 kb) replicates as a high copy number plasmid in Dictyostelium and is located in the nucleus. It has been constructed as shuttle vector containing the Escherichia coli vector pUC19 for replication and selection in E. coli and a part of the Tn903 transposon which confers resistance to G418 for selection in Dictyostelium. In order to show that the vector can be used for cloning and stable propagation of Dictyostelium DNA, a fragment of the Dictyostelium alpha-actinin gene that was marked with a synthetic oligonucleotide was cloned into pnDeI and found to be stably maintained in the extrachromosomal vector without undergoing noticeable recombination with the endogenous gene. PMID- 3244805 TI - [Some developmental questions on the organization of psychiatric care in East Germany--25 years after Rodewisch]. AB - Following an appreciation of the recommendation made 25 years ago at the Rodewisch symposium on the organisation of psychiatric care in the DDR, verious misconceptions and impediments affecting the development at a complex system of psychosocial care at Area Health Authority level are discussed, with special attention to securing the care of the chronically mentally sick and handicapped and the mentally retarded. The paper indicates current requirements in obtaining the further acceptance of a gradually achievable system of area care. PMID- 3244806 TI - [The significance of evaluative research for psychiatric management]. AB - This paper communicates partial findings as regards the standardised evaluation of all patients in 1986 of psychiatric hospitals attached to the Schwerin county mental hospital. Data concerns basic psychiatric care, the catchment area- with due consideration of administering care near the home, and the reintegration of patients into society as well as comparative analyses over several years and type of discharge. Emphasis is laid on the relevance of scientific evaluation for psychiatric care, deriving conclusions for future planning and efficiency ratings of separate districts. PMID- 3244807 TI - [Pathophysiologic observations of facial neuralgia]. AB - The different etiology and pathogenesis of face-neuralgiae requires a spezific therapy of the respective illness. New aspects are formed in the last years in the so-called idiopathic neuralgia. She has good chances with the therapy through the Jannetta-operation. The evident mechanical lesion by compression, the ephaptic genesis and the special pain-characterization with trigger-attacks not support the "idiopathic". This is called "ictal neuralgia". The paper attempts pathophysiological to explain the specific pain. It shows aspects to the trigger mechanism, to the intensity of the pain and to the ictal pain-characterization. PMID- 3244808 TI - [Pathogenetic role of the dependence potential of drugs of the hypnotic and tranquilizer type with special reference to the iatrogenic factor]. AB - The author considers dependency on hypnotics/sedatives and tranquilizers as a complex phenomenon in which the main emphasis is placed on the potential for becoming dependent on medicines (self-inducing drugs), that is, their contribution to causing the development of the illness. Personality structure and social factors can play a favourable role here. From this the danger of iatrogenia (the practice of over-subscribing) can arise. The phenomena of cross tolerance and rebound are considered. With respect to therapy the leading role of psychotherapeutic practices, above all, group therapy is emphasized. PMID- 3244809 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid cytologic findings in children with borrelia infections (neuroborreliosis)]. AB - The infection of the central nervous system by Borrelia burgdorferi induces usually a mononuclear (lympho-mono-plasmocellular) cytogram of the cerebrospinal fluid in humans. The initial granulocytosis of the liquor cerebrospinalis typical for bacterial infections is transistory only. Such cytologic findings may be misleading to a diagnosis as virus infection. In case of clinical signs (Bannwarth syndrome), typical anamnesis or chronic lymphocytic meningitis the estimation of specific IgG/IgM borrelia antibodies is indicated and the antibiotic therapy should be performed. PMID- 3244810 TI - Possible hypocholesterolemic action of 15-ketosterol: replacement of dietary cholesterol absorption. AB - 15-Ketosterol (5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one), a potent inhibitor for sterol synthesis, has shown hypocholesterolemic effects in rodents, baboons, and rhesus monkeys. In recent studies we demonstrated that 15-ketosterol also exerted regulation on the input of cholesterol at the level of intestinal absorption. When Sprague Dawley rats were fed 0.05% 15-ketosterol in their chow for 10 days, a decrease in the absorption of cholesterol into lymph by 62 +/- 8% (n = 4) was observed in the first 48 hrs after the intragastic infusion of radiolabelled cholesterol. The absorption of cholesterol replaced by 15-ketosterol was further evidenced in the demonstration that the rats had a much more efficient rates of absorbing 15-ketosterol. Infusing rats with equal amount of the two sterols, the amount of 15-ketosterol absorbed was 3-4 fold that of cholesterol in the initial 10 hrs. 15-Ketosterol was absorbed in and mainly esterified with 18:1 packed into intestinal chylomicrons. Upon the intravenous injection of chylomicrons isolated from other animals receiving 3H-15-ketosterol intragastrically, the rapid appearance of radioactivity in the liver suggested that chylomicrons were taken up effectively. Ketosteryl ester was hydrolyzed back to 15-ketosterol in the liver. The metabolic fate of 15-ketosterol was very different from that of cholesterol. Over 85% of the administered dose was recovered in the bile 38 hrs after intravenous injection of 15-ketosterol. In contrast, only 15% of cholesterol and/or its metabolites was slowly secreted in the bile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244811 TI - The morphogenesis of myeloschisis in the rat. AB - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized in this study. They were separated into two groups. In the control group, a single intragastric dose of distilled water was given on the 11th day of gestation. In the test group, a single intragastric dose of ethylenethiourea (ETU), 240 mg/kg was given on the same day of gestation. Embryos were recovered 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after ETU and distilled water administration, and were prepared for scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The posterior neuropore of rat fetuses in the control group closed completely on gestation day 12.5. However, the closure of posterior neuropore in ETU-induced fetuses is shown to have been disrupted 12 hours after ETU administration. Marked neural tissue overgrowth in the posterior neuropore resulted in neural fold eversion and finally produced a picture of lumbosacral myeloschisis on day 13 of gestation. Our observation implies that myeloschisis is induced by non-closure of the neural fold, not by reopening after its proper closure. PMID- 3244812 TI - Mutagenicity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analysis of airborne particulate matters from Taipei City. AB - The mutagenic activity of dichloromethane extracts of 147 air particulate samples collected from 8 stations during December 1986-June 1987 in Taipei city was consistently higher in S. typhimurium strain TA 98 than in strain TA 100 in the presence of S9 mixture. Among the 8 stations, Nan Kang Police Station, Fu Hsing Elementary School, and Chung Hsing University which were located in the industrial district, downtown area, and heavy traffic zone, respectively, had significantly higher levels of PAHs than the other stations. In contrast, the levels of PAHs were much lower in the suburban station, near Pei Tou Elementary School. However, PAH contents of the air particulate samples collected from these stations did not show good correlation with their mutagenicity. The air particulates collected at some stations on Sunday when the traffic changed from heavy to light showed lower mutagenicity and PAH contents as compared with the other weekdays at the same stations. On the contrary, the samples collected at Pei Tou station in a suburban area where the traffic changed from light to heavy on Sunday showed higher mutagenicity and PAH contents. The monthly average of PAHs of air particulate samples collected over a 7-month period from 8 stations in Taipei city was lower than the average in 1980. Moreover, when compared with other countries, such as U.S.A., the Netherlands, West Germany, Italy, Norway, and Japan, the levels of PAHs and mutagenicity of air particulate matters in Taipei city were similar or slightly lower. The mutagenicity and contents of PAHs of air particulates collected from burnt ABS were significantly higher than those of burnt PVC. One sample PT-6-3 was collected while a nearby garbage collection area was on fire. The mutagenicity of that sample increased 3 to 16 fold and contained an 11 to 33 times higher content of the six PAHs (BaP, BeP, BbF, BaA, Chr, and DbA) as compared with the other samples collected at the same location at a different time. The higher mutagenicity and PAH contents of that sample might be due to the pollution of the air from combustion of the garbage containing products made of ABS. PMID- 3244813 TI - The somatotopy of the masticatory neurons in the rat trigeminal motor nucleus as revealed by HRP study. AB - Young adult albino rats of Wistar strain were used for the present study. 0.5 to 15 microliters of 20-50% of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were injected into each individual muscle of mastication to label neurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus (TMON) for light microscopic study. The results reveal that: (1) Many HRP labeled, multipolar neurons are observed in the motor nucleus in each jaw-closing muscle (JCM) with less in each the jaw-opening muscle (JOM). (2) The motor neurons innervating each masticatory muscle in the motor nucleus show a somatotopic arrangement: (a) those innervating the temporalis muscle are located in the medial and dorsomedial parts; (b) those innervating the masseter muscle are located in the intermediate and lateral; (c) those innervating the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles are located in the lateral, ventrolateral and ventromedial parts, respectively; and (d) those innervating the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastric muscles are located in the most ventromedial part of the caudal one-third of the nucleus. Axons of most masticatory motor neurons run ventrolaterally in between the motor and the chief sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve. However, those of the mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric muscles ascend dorsally to the dorsal aspect of the caudal nucleus and then turn ventrolaterally to join the motor root of the trigeminal nerve. Furthermore, the dendrites of the motor neuron of JCM converge dorsocaudally to the supratrigeminal region. The diameters of neurons of each JCM display a bimodal distribution. However, an unimodal distribution is present in the motor neurons from each JCM. It is suggested that the motor nucleus innervating the JCM is comprised of comprised of alpha- and gamma-motor neurons. It, thus, may provide a neural basis for the regulation of the muscle tone and biting force. PMID- 3244814 TI - Effects of midazolam (a benzodiazepine) on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation in dogs. AB - Midazolam is a water-soluble benzodiazepine used for anesthetic induction. Its effects on the cerebral circulation are still controversial. We evaluated the effects of midazolam on the cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral vascular resistance (CVR), and cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) in dogs (n = 6) using the cerebral venous outflow method. CVR was calculated as the quotient of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and CBF, CMRO2 was obtained from the measurements of CBF and arterio-venous O2 difference (A-V dO2). Midazolam was administered in sequential i.v. doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg by bolus injection with an interval of 20 min. This agent significantly reduced the MAP, CBF and CMRO2, but did not affect the CVR. The maximal decreases in MAP, CBF, and CMRO2 from the control levels averaged 14.8%, 12.2%, and 9.3%, respectively, by 0.5 mg/kg; 18.9% 18.6% and 12.1% by 1.0 mg/kg; and 23.6%, 18.7% and 16.1% by 2.0 mg/kg. Although the increments in doses further depressed that MAP, CBF and CMRO2, the dose dependent effects were slight. Only the values of reduction in CMRO2 were significantly different between the doses of 0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg. Therefore, a dose of 0.5 mg/kg produced nearly the maximal effects. The results indicate that midazolam causes a mild reduction (10-25%) in arterial pressure, brain perfusion and cerebral oxygenation. Cerebral vascular resistance is not significantly changed. PMID- 3244815 TI - Retinal projections in the red belly squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus Roberti): an autoradiographic study. AB - Tritiated labeled materials, [3H]proline and [3H]fucose, were used as tracers of the visual pathway by injection into the right eve of the red belly squirrel, After a designated survival period, the animals were sacrificed, and the brains were removed and processed using standard autoradiographic procedures. Sections were then examined under a microscope and some subcortical nuclei including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei(dLGN and vLGN), three optic accessory nuclei (i.e., the medial, lateral and dorsal terminal nuclei - MTN, LTN and DTN), the nuclei of the pretectal area(PTN) and the superior colliculus(SC) in the subcortical regions were marked by labeled isotopes. Radioactive materials were found in the pulvinar nucleus(Pul), parabigeminal nucleus(PB) and dorsal lateral pontine gray(DLP). Some nuclei among the targets of retinal projection in the red belly squirrel received their projection bilaterally while others only did contralaterally. In addition, layered structures of the SC and LGN were clearly demonstrated in the brain of the red belly squirrel. Some differences in the optic system between the red belly squirrel and its near relative, the grey squirrel of North American, and other mammals are discussed. PMID- 3244816 TI - Cytogenetical analysis of the germ cell in the domestic drake and mule drake. AB - Experiments were conducted to study the germ cell of testes in the domestic drake (Tsaiya drake) and the mule drake. The histological sections of testes of both drakes were compared in this study. The results showed that rapid testicular growth did not occur until 7 weeks of age in domestic drakes and 15 weeks of age in the mule drakes. The rate of growth of the testes and the increase in the ratio of testes weight to body weight in domestic drakes at different ages were much more rapid than in the mule drakes. However, the opposite results were found in the body weights. In the mule drakes, spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes could be observed in the seminiferous tubules, but no secondary spermatocytes, spermatids or spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules were found up to 52 weeks of age. This showed that the meiotic division had not occurred in the mule drakes. In the domestic drakes, spermatogonia in the seminiferous tubules were observed at 1 week of age. Primary spermatocytes of some males appeared as early as the third week of age. Secondary spermatocytes and spermatids in the seminiferous tubules of some drakes began to appear at 5 weeks of age as a result of the meiotic division of the spermatocytes. At 7 weeks of age, spermatids were in process of metamorphosis, and spermatozoa were first observed in the seminiferous tubules of the drake. All testes of drakes 9 weeks of age contained spermatozoa. The percentage of the seminiferous tubules containing spermatozoa increased gradually with age, and approached a plateau at 15 weeks of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244818 TI - Tensile bond strength of orthodontic resins on the human tooth surface. AB - Composite resin has been used in the field of orthodontics for more than twenty years. Although there have been many studies and discussions regarding the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to the human tooth surface, a definitive conclusion has not yet been established. In this study, sixty bicuspids extracted from teenagers were employed for testing, in conjunction with 6 different brands of orthodontic resins: Concise, Unitek, Ormco, American, Mono-lok and Right-on. On the buccal surface of the crown, the tensile bond strength for the various resins were tested and recorded. The bond strength was 0.69 kg/mm2 for Concise, 0.64 kg/mm2 for Unitek, 0.58 Kg/mm2 for Ormco, 0.55 kg/mm2 for American, 0.54 kg/mm2 for Mono-log and 0.45 kg/mm2 for Right-on, respectively. The broken surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy, as well as energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. The broken surfaces were either at interface between the resin and bracket base, at the resin itself, interface between tooth surface and resin or in a combination of them. On the broken surface of the bracket base, components of broken tooth fragments were also detected. The percentage for the frequency of samples of each type of orthodontic resin of broken tooth fragments found was 30% for Concise, 10% for Unitek, 50% for Ormco, 40% for American, 50% for Mono-lok and 80% for Right-on.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244817 TI - Secretion of metabolites of 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one by Hep G2 cells. AB - We demonstrated that two-thirds of [2,4-3H]5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15 one was efficiently taken up and consequently metabolized and secreted by Hep G2 cells when it was pulsed for 16 hrs followed by chasing for another 72 hrs. The metabolism was clearly reflected by the cellular secretion. Approximately 61%, 26% and 10% of uptaken [2,4-3H]5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one was metabolized to its water-soluble metabolites, polar metabolites in lipid phase and ketosteryl esters, respectively. Ninety-four percent of these metabolites was secreted into media. Interestingly, polar forms of the metabolites of 5 alpha cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one accounted for over 95% of the cellular secretes. Limited secretion of ketosteryl esters was also detected. The data strongly suggest that Hep G2 cells have the potential to process 5 alpha-cholest 8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one and could provide a good model for studying its secretion. PMID- 3244819 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Production of monoclonal antibodies against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been studied using hCG as an immunogen. Spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with hCG were fused with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells. This study reports the successful isolation of a hybrid clone secreting a monoclonal antibody specific for hCG. By using PEG 4,000 as a fusion agent, the fusion rates were between 42.0 and 50.2%. In total 842 hybridomas were produced. Among them, 403 hybridomas had hCG antibody production. After cloning twice by limiting dilution and alternately screening by enzyme immunoassay and by radioimmunoassay, there were 39 cell lines having specific antibody production. Among them, the No. 57-42-2 had the highest reactivity. By Ouchterlony test, the monoclonal antibody was shown to be IgG1. The affinity constant of the antibody to hCG was 0.6 x 10(9) 1/mole. In radioimmunoassay, the cross reactivity of the antibody to human luteinizing hormone (LH) and human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was 1.5% and 0.7%, respectively. There was no cross reaction with human thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH). PMID- 3244820 TI - Amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in high risk pregnancy. AB - The amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio from 128 cases of high risk pregnancies were measured by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The L/S ratio was found to be increased in patients with pre-eclampsia, hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM), and twin gestation, but decreased in patients with diabetes from gestational diabetes to class C. In patients with placenta previa, the L/S ratio was not affected. PMID- 3244821 TI - Microencapsulation [corrected] of tumor cells and assay for selecting anticancer drugs. AB - A microencapsulation of living tumor cells by an improved membrane and droplet forming technique was established in our laboratory. This semipermeable microencapsulating membrane was impermeable to serum albumins (M.W. 66,000 or 45,000) and human hemoglobin (M.W. 64,000), but permitted passage of low molecular weight substances (alpha-Lactalbumin, or Trypsinogen; M.W. 14,200 or 24,000). The in vivo results showed that microencapsulated tumor cell lines (KB, human oral epidermoid cell; P-388 lymphocytic leukemia; GBM 8401/TSGH, glioma) and human colorectal carcinoma cells grew and proliferated exponentially within twenty days. The in vivo growth exhibited better than that in vitro. Histological and morphological findings of these four different kinds of tumor cells are similar to those of original tumor cells. Treatment of the microencapsulated tumor cells (MTC) with cytotoxic drugs (adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide) in vitro showed no significant difference in percent inhibition (p greater than 0.05) between the encapsulated and non-encapsulated cells. The in vivo data indicated that different anti-cancer drugs had different inhibition effects. The results showed that the MTC model was useful for screening an appropriate cytotoxic drug and could be applied to clinical medicine in the near future. PMID- 3244822 TI - [Effect of physostigmine and various nootropic drugs on various mental disorders caused by brain injury]. PMID- 3244823 TI - [Body movements of patients during sleep in endogenous depression]. PMID- 3244824 TI - [Age and sex of patients with neuroses as the factors differentiating the effect of diazepam doses on the psychomotor efficiency]. PMID- 3244825 TI - [Syndromological profile and nosological position of paranoid psychoses in relation to the age at the onset of the disease]. PMID- 3244827 TI - Psychogenic pain and psychological variables: a psychometric study. AB - A sample of 41 women suffering from psychogenic pain according to DSM-III diagnostic criteria were psychometrically studied, in order to ascertain if they showed specific psychological traits or mechanisms. Type A behavior, extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and dissimulation and hostility aggressivity traits were the psychological variables studied both in the pain sample and in a matched control group. Psychogenic pain patients were significantly more neurotic and suspicious and less physically aggressive than healthy subjects and also scored significantly higher in dissimulation, which suggests a tendency to use defense mechanisms of denial. PMID- 3244826 TI - [Forensic-psychiatric expert testimony in alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 3244828 TI - Construct validity of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. AB - Previous reports have documented the development of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) in addition to evaluating its reliability and validity. The present paper describes two studies designed to further evaluate the construct validity of the TAS. In Study I 117 university students completed the TAS and the three subscales of the Short Imaginal Processes Inventory. In Study II 74 students completed the TAS and measures of ego strength, anger expression, and physical symptoms. In both studies the pattern of correlations between the TAS and the various psychological measures converged and diverged in a theoretically meaningful fashion, providing further evidence for the validity of the TAS and of the alexithymia construct. PMID- 3244830 TI - Application of Osgood's Semantic Differential to the study of psychotherapeutic treatments. AB - Osgood's Semantic Differential was applied to a group of 35 neurotic patients at initial and final stage of individual psychoanalytical psychotherapy. When compared to 'normal' subjects who had not undergone treatment but were examined under the same conditions, neurotic subjects showed, between test and retest, more conspicuous semantic changes, several of which--although not all--brought them closer to normal subjects. PMID- 3244829 TI - Brief dynamic psychotherapy for patients presenting physical symptoms. AB - Ten outpatients who complained of physical symptoms, without organic pathology, were treated with brief dynamic psychotherapy. Outcome ratings were provided by independent assessors at the end of therapy and 2 years post treatment. Improvement criteria included symptoms, adaptive functioning, and specific internal predispositions. The results showed that most of the patients gained substantially from their therapy experiences. Change did not only occur with regard to psychological difficulties, but also in their particular physical symptoms. Therapy gains at termination were maintained, and had even increased, at follow-up. Clinical improvement was confirmed by psychological test findings. In several patients marked positive change was also observed in their general body response patterns. PMID- 3244831 TI - Therapy results and follow-up of an integrated inpatient treatment for severe cases of anorexia nervosa. AB - The therapeutic elements of an inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa are presented with the therapy results as well as a 2-year follow-up of 39 patients who were treated at Hamburg University Hospital from 1980 to 1983. The favorable results (high weight gain, short duration of therapy, distinct psychological improvement with a total of 53% of virtually cured patients at the end of therapy) declined partially during the 2-year follow-up period (51% virtually cured). The results are compared with those of an earlier concept which was focussed rather on strict regimen and medical treatment, which also resulted in 53% virtually cured patients (n = 218; follow-up period 9.6 years). We will discuss the question whether the methodology presented here can be an alternative to family therapy for somatically severe cases with structural (psychic) lability, lack of patient motivation and uncooperative families. PMID- 3244833 TI - Omega-hydroxylation of prostaglandin E1 in the isolated perfused lungs of pregnant rabbits. AB - Cytochrome P450PG omega is induced in the rabbit lung in a gestational age dependent manner and hydroxylates certain eicosanoids at their terminal, or omega (omega), carbon. This enzyme has been isolated from microsomal fractions and its activity has been characterized (Williams, D.E., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 259; 14600-14608, 1984). The experiments presented here examine the omega hydroxylation activity of the intact lung during presentation of an eicosanoid substrate, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), to the lung vasculature. Isolated, perfused lungs from three pregnant and four nonpregnant rabbits were injected with [3H] PGE1. One-second fractions were collected from the perfusion effluent and were analyzed for metabolism of PGE1. Lungs isolated from pregnant rabbits metabolized PGE1 mainly to two polar derivatives, 20-hydroxy-PGE1 and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto 20-hydroxy-PGE1, whereas lungs from nonpregnant rabbits yielded mainly a relatively nonpolar metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE1. These metabolites were identified by coelution with standards that were generated enzymatically in vitro and whose structures were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). PMID- 3244832 TI - The oral gold compound auranofin triggers arachidonate release and cyclooxygenase metabolism in the alveolar macrophage. AB - We examined the effect of in vitro incubation with the oral gold compound auranofin (AF) on arachidonic acid (AA) release and metabolism by rat alveolar macrophages (AMs). AF stimulated dose- and time-dependent release of 14C-AA from prelabeled AMs, which reached 4.7 +/- 0.3% (mean +/- SEM) of incorporated radioactivity at 10 micrograms/ml for 90 min, as compared to 0.5 +/- 0.1% release following control incubation for 90 min (p less than 0.001). Similar dose- and time-dependent synthesis of thromboxane (Tx) A2 (measured as TxB2) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay of medium from unlabeled cultures, reaching 18-fold and 9-fold, respectively, of the control values at 10 micrograms/ml AF for 90 min (p less than 0.001 for both). AF-induced TxB2 and PGE2 synthesis was inhibited by indomethacin as well as by pretreatment with methylprednisolone. No increase in the synthesis of immunoreactive leukotrienes (LT) B4 or C4 was noted at any dose or time of AF. High performance liquid chromatographic separation of 14C-eicosanoids synthesized by prelabeled AMs confirmed that AF induced the release of free AA and its metabolism to cyclooxygenase, but not 5-lipoxygenase, metabolites. The ability of AF to trigger macrophage AA metabolism may be relevant to the exacerbation of certain inflammatory processes which sometimes accompany gold therapy. PMID- 3244834 TI - PGE measurement in mouse embryos and uterine/embryo tissue. AB - Embryonic tissue of rodents and other species has been reported to produce prostaglandins (PG) of the E series during gestation. We attempted to establish the presence of PGE in C57BL/6J mouse embryos and peri-embryonic tissue as an initial step in examining the role of maternal ethanol treatment on PG production. Gestation day 10 embryos were found not to produce or degrade PGE. However, a tissue complex which included embryonic tissue, peri-embryonic membranes, placenta and uterus was capable of producing PGE from both endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acid. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro aspirin was able to suppress PGE production from this tissue. It is concluded that gestation day 10 C57BL/6J mouse embryonic tissue, unlike that of rat, is not capable of measurable PGE production. However, uterine and peri-embryonic tissues, needed to support pregnancy, are capable of significant PGE production. PMID- 3244835 TI - Regulatory effects of eicosanoids on thymidine uptake by vascular smooth muscle cells of rats. AB - To define the roles of eicosanoids in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) growth, we examined the effects of exogenous eicosanoids on (3H)thymidine uptake by cultured VSMC of Wistar rats. Stable prostacyclin (PGI2) analog, OP-41483, significantly decreased the incorporation of (3H)thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of VSMC in a dose dependent manner from 10(-8) to 10(-4) M. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGD2 ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-4) M also dose dependently decreased the (3H)thymidine uptake by VSMC. In contrast, stable thromboxane A2 analog, STA2, significantly increased the incorporation of (3H)thymidine into DNA in a dose dependent manner from 10(-8) to 10(-4) M. The dose response curve of STA2 was shifted toward a lowered response when 10(-5) M PGI2 analog, PGE2 or PGD2 was added in the culture medium. Thus, it is indicated that vasodepressor eicosanoids decrease the proliferation of VSMC, whereas vasoconstrictor TXA2 enhances the VSMC growth. Vascular smooth muscle cells possibly autoregulate the cell proliferation through the eicosanoids generation. PMID- 3244836 TI - Rat ovarian prostaglandin levels and ovulation as indicators of the strength of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - Immature Wistar rats were treated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin to induce ovulation. The non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs indomethacin, diclofenac, flurbiprofen, and phenylbutazone inhibited both the ovulation rate and the normal increase in ovarian prostaglandin E during ovulation. Tolmetin, ibuprofen, and aspirin did not have any significant effect. There was a significant correlation between the ovulation rate and the level of ovarian prostaglandin E following treatment with these drugs. When indomethacin was given in graded doses, there was also a correlation between ovulation rate and the dose-dependent inhibition of ovarian prostaglandin E. PMID- 3244837 TI - [Comparison of various pharmacologic and conventional methods of increasing the effectiveness of intermittent peritoneal dialysis. III]. PMID- 3244838 TI - [Blood serum cotinine level and the number of cigarettes smoked daily by pregnant women in relation to birth weight]. PMID- 3244839 TI - [The optimal method of treating vulval dystrophies with special reference to precancerous conditions. I. Morphologic and clinical characteristics]. PMID- 3244840 TI - [Prevention and control of diseases of the circulatory system in society. III. Report of the Expert Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO)]. PMID- 3244841 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of tracheal tumors]. PMID- 3244842 TI - [Comparison of various pharmacologic and conventional methods of increasing the effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis. IV. A large intraperitoneal dose of furosemide in the modeling of continuous peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3244843 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of muscle tonus examined by tensometric methods in children with neurogenic dysfunction of the locomotor system]. PMID- 3244845 TI - [Carcinogenic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of formaldehyde]. PMID- 3244844 TI - [Optimal methods of treating vulvar dystrophies with special reference to precancerous conditions. II. Results of treatment]. PMID- 3244846 TI - [Self-medication in Brazil]. PMID- 3244847 TI - [Preliminary study on non-compliant outpatients and the use of the mail to reschedule them]. PMID- 3244848 TI - [The need for stimulating natural childbirth]. PMID- 3244849 TI - [Measurement of parathyroid hormones: clinical value]. PMID- 3244850 TI - [Critical analysis of 2 segment-specific radioimmunoassays for the measurement of parathyroid hormones in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 3244851 TI - [Renal adenocarcinoma with extension into the vena cava: experience with 10 cases]. PMID- 3244852 TI - [Cholecystectomy in the aged patient]. PMID- 3244853 TI - [Medical education and research: bases of professional realization in medicine]. PMID- 3244854 TI - [Hematuria and hypercalciuria]. PMID- 3244855 TI - [Association of hematuria with hypercalciuria in childhood]. PMID- 3244856 TI - [Megaloblastic anemia: the diagnostic importance of hypersegmentation of neutrophils when associated with iron deficiency]. PMID- 3244857 TI - One-hit models of carcinogenesis: conservative or not? AB - One-hit formulas are widely believed to be "conservative" when used to analyze carcinogenesis bioassays, in the sense that they will rarely underestimate risks of cancer at low exposures. Such formulas are generally applied to the lifetime incidence of cancer at a specific site, with risks estimated from animal data at zero dose (control), and two or more additional doses that are appreciable fractions of a maximum tolerated dose. No empirical study has demonstrated that the one-hit formula is conservative in the sense described. The Carcinogenesis Bioassay Database System contains data on 1212 separate bioassays of 308 chemical substances tested at exactly three evaluable doses. These provided sufficient data to examine 8432 specific combinations of cancer site with sex, species, and chemical. For each of these we fitted a one-hit formula to the zero and maximum dose data points, then examined the relation of the fitted curve to the incidence rate observed at the mid-dose, with and without adjustment for intercurrent mortality. Both underestimates and overestimates of risk at mid-dose occurred substantially more often than expected by chance. We cannot tell whether such underestimates would occur at lower doses, but offer six biological reasons why underestimates might be expected. In a high percentage of animal bioassays, the one-hit formula is not conservative when applied in the usual way to animal data. It remains possible that the one-hit formula may indeed be conservative at sufficiently low doses (below the observational range), but the usual procedure, applied to the usual dose range, can be nonconservative in estimating the slope of the formula at such low doses. Risk assessments for regulation of carcinogens should incorporate some measure of additional uncertainty. PMID- 3244858 TI - Linking indoor air and pharmacokinetic models to assess tetrachloroethylene risk. AB - Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models describing the uptake, metabolism, and excretion of xenobiotic compounds are now proposed for use in regulatory health-risk assessments. In this study we investigate the extent of PCE metabolism arising from domestic respiratory exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) from ground water, as predicted using a PBPK model. Indoor exposure patterns we use as input to the PBPK model are realistic ones generated from a three-compartment model describing volatilization of PCE from domestic water into household air. Values we use for the metabolic parameters of the PBPK model are estimated from data on urinary metabolites in workers exposed to PCE. It is shown that for respiratory PCE exposure due to typical levels of PCE in ground water, use of time-weighted average air concentrations with a steady-state PBPK model yields estimates of total metabolized PCE similar to those obtained using completely dynamic modeling, despite considerable uncertainty in key exposure- and metabolic-model parameters. These findings suggest that, for PCE, risk estimation taking pharmacokinetics into account may be accomplished using a simple analytic approach. PMID- 3244860 TI - Comments on Allen et al. Correlation between carcinogenic potency of chemicals in animals and humans. PMID- 3244861 TI - Comments on correlation between carcinogenic potency of chemicals in animals and humans. PMID- 3244859 TI - Carcinogenic risk assessment with time-dependent exposure patterns. AB - Previous applications of carcinogenic risk assessment using mathematical models of carcinogenesis have focused largely on the case where the level of exposure remains constant over time. In many situations, however, the dose of the carcinogen varies with time. In this paper, we discuss both the classical Armitage-Doll multistage model and the Moolgavkar-Venzon-Knudson two-stage birth death-mutation model with time-dependent dosing regimens. Bounds on the degree of underestimation of risk that can occur through the use of a simple time-weighted average dose are derived by means of comparison with an equivalent constant dose corresponding to the actual risk under the time-dependent dosing regimen. PMID- 3244863 TI - Epidemiology versus risk assessment: resolving some old controversies. PMID- 3244862 TI - Species correlation of chemical carcinogens. PMID- 3244864 TI - Response to comments on correlation between carcinogenic potency of chemicals in animals and humans. PMID- 3244865 TI - The effects of driving age, driver education, and curfew laws on traffic fatalities of 15-17 year olds. AB - This study examines the effect of state driving age, learning permit, driver's education, and curfew laws on 15-17-year-old driver fatality rates. A multivariate regression model is estimated for 47 states and nine years. The minimum legal driving age and curfew laws are found to be important determinants of fatalities. Driver's education and learning permits have smaller effects. The relationship between rates of licensure and driving age, education, and curfew laws is also examined. In each case, a more restrictive policy is found to reduce licensure of 15-17 year olds. The results suggest that the imposition of curfew laws and higher minimum driving ages are particularly effective traffic safety policies. PMID- 3244867 TI - [The rebellion of medical doctors]. PMID- 3244866 TI - Expert scientific judgment and cancer risk assessment: a pilot study of pharmacokinetic data. AB - When high-dose tumor data are extrapolated to low doses, it is typically assumed that the dose of a carcinogen delivered to target cells is proportional to the dose administered to test animals, even at exposure levels below the experimental range. Since pharmacokinetic data are becoming available that in some cases question the validity of this assumption, risk assessors must decide whether to maintain the standard assumption. A pilot study of formaldehyde is reported that was undertaken to demonstrate how expert scientific judgment can help guide a controversial risk assessment where pharmacokinetic data are considered inconclusive. Eight experts on pharmacokinetic data were selected by a formal procedure, and each was interviewed personally using a structured interview protocol. The results suggest that expert scientific opinion is polarized in this case, a situation that risk assessors can respond to with a range of risk characterizations considered biologically plausible by the experts. Convergence of expert opinion is likely in this case of several specific research strategies ar executed in a competent fashion. Elicitation of expert scientific judgment is a promising vehicle for evaluating the quality of pharmacokinetic data, expressing uncertainty in risk assessment, and fashioning a research agenda that offers possible forging of scientific consensus. PMID- 3244869 TI - [Tumors registered in Hospital del Mar (Barcelona). Descriptive analysis from 1978 to 1986]. PMID- 3244868 TI - [Significance of lymph node histology in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. PMID- 3244870 TI - [Monoclonal gammopathies in a regional hospital: a 6-year analysis]. PMID- 3244871 TI - [Primary Sjogren's syndrome and interstitial pneumopathy: presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 3244872 TI - [Continuing education: experience in retraining in biostatistics]. PMID- 3244873 TI - [Prognosis factors in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3244874 TI - [Retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 3244876 TI - [Interaction between cyclosporin and rifampicin]. PMID- 3244875 TI - [Pancreatic encephalopathy and coma]. PMID- 3244878 TI - [Kawasaki syndrome in young adults: presentation of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 3244877 TI - [Clearance of creatinine in chronic patients: comparison of results obtained with 2 different formulae]. PMID- 3244879 TI - [Caroli's disease and hepatic cirrhosis. Are they associated or coincident?]. PMID- 3244880 TI - [Intrahepatic portal hypertension in a patient with lymphoma of long course]. PMID- 3244881 TI - [From clinically relevant to statistically significant]. PMID- 3244883 TI - Development of a fast solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for C-reactive protein. AB - A fast sandwich enzyme immunoassay has been developed for C-reactive protein (CRP). This method can be used for screening CRP concentration in large numbers of samples providing a non precipitation, non agglutination and non radioactive alternative for assessment of human CRP. Advantages over previously reported CRP sandwich assays include: assay time was reduced from 4 1/2 h to 45 min, incubations were made at room temperature instead of 37 degrees C and serum dilutions required were 100-400 fold instead of 10000-20000 fold. Correlations were good with both nephelometry and phosphorylethanolamine binding assay. The 45% false positives found with the slide-latex anti C-reactive protein method were reduced to 0% by the use of the described method. PMID- 3244882 TI - [Measurement technic of tissue resistance in electrocardiography]. AB - The determination of tissue resistances between electrical heart activity and the surface distal electrodes in order to obtain one point with nonexistent potential, has been sought by means of the introduction of one external resistance previously fixed, and connected to an ECG transducer. The potential changes originated will be directly proportional to the value of the added resistance; some simultaneous equations have been established to obtain the resistance values from the heart to the distal electrodes. PMID- 3244884 TI - [Effects of hypoxia on plasma concentrations and daily elimination of sodium, potassium and chlorine ions]. AB - Serum concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl- are studied, as well as the elimination of these ions in urine, in patients suffering from chronic respiratory insufficiency, being classified in two groups according to the level of hypoxemia: group A (PO2 less than 6.66 KPa) and group B (PO2 less than 8 KPa). A third group C of healthy patients with analogous anthropological characteristics has served as a control group. The concentrations of serum of the three ions are noticeably similar in the three groups, but the daily elimination of Na+, K+ and Cl- is less in those suffering from respiratory insufficiency than in those of the control group, with significant statistical differences in all cases except with K+ in those suffering from pronounced hypoxemia. On analysing the correlation between the rates of elimination of ions in urine, with the plasmatic values of PO2, PCO2 and [H+] of all the patients studied, the highest values of the Pearson coefficient are found on correlating the elimination of ions with the partial pressures of oxygen, therefore suggesting that hypoxia could be the main motor inducing metabolic changes. PMID- 3244885 TI - Metabolic regulation of glycolysis in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) muscle. I. Kinetic study and characteristic modulators of pyruvate kinase. AB - White muscle pyruvate kinase from sea bass presents positive cooperativity with respect to PEP substrate. The enzyme is regulated by F-1.6-P2 and L Phenylalanine. The activator effect of F-1.6-P2 in experiments carried out for the substrate PEP with crude extract seems to indicate that the enzyme is activated in vivo by this compound. The enzyme was not inhibited by either alanine or ATP but was inhibited by L-phenylalanine. Therefore this enzyme presents kinetic and regulatory properties similar to those of the mammalian isozyme M2. PMID- 3244886 TI - Fatty acids of plasma and red blood cell lipids in a normal population. AB - A detailed study of the fatty acid composition of each of the lipids present in plasma and red blood cells of 62 healthy subjects of our area (Barcelona and surrounding counties), by coupling thin-layer and gas chromatography techniques has been made. The results are presented as normative data for comparison with those found in pathological situations. No significant sex differences were found. With increasing age, there was a tendency for the proportion of linoleic acid to decrease. Correlation analyses between the fatty acid composition of different lipids suggested that the interchange of fatty acids between plasma and cells mainly affects the phosphatidylcholine of the latter. PMID- 3244887 TI - Regional distribution of total lipids, free fatty acids and free carnitine in human heart. AB - The concentration of total lipids, free fatty acids and free carnitine in seven different regions of human ventricular myocardium has been studied. Statistically significant differences were found in the concentration of these compounds in the studied regions, with a similar behaviour for free carnitine and free fatty acids (their highest concentrations were found in the lower zones of the left ventricle). The results obtained support the theory of a different metabolic requirement in relation to the intensity of muscular contractile activity. PMID- 3244888 TI - [Effects of malnutrition in utero and during lactation on various parameters of the small intestine in rats]. AB - Short and long term effects of malnutrition on the small intestine, applied to the rat in uterus and lactation, have been studied. Malnutrition was induced by feeding the pregnant rats on 14 g daily during pregnancy and 21 g during lactation. In the pups (0, 15, 30, 90 and 150 days old), body weight and wet and dry weight and length of small intestine were measured. At 2.5-3 months of age, food transformation efficiency was studied, at 3 and 5 months of age in vivo intestinal absorption of D-glucose (11 mM) was measured. The results indicate a significant decrease in intestinal morphometric parameters in malnourished animals from birth to the age of 5 months. At the age of 3 months both food transformation efficiency and in vivo absorption of glucose were significantly higher in early undernourished animals, whereas at 5 months, glucose absorption was significantly higher in control. It can thus be concluded that early malnutrition altered the small intestine development and functionality and that total recovery did not occur after 4 months on a normal diet. PMID- 3244889 TI - [Morphometric studies of the epididymal duct in the F-zone after apical mesotestis cutting]. AB - The alterations of the epididymal F-zone caused by apical mesotestis bilateral cutting after scrotal exposition were studied in adult albino rats. The epididymis were removed at 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after surgery. With a semi automatic program, from a IBAS 2000 image analyzer, areas, perimeters and maximum and minimum diameters were measured from both the tubular and the lumen sections of the caput epididymal F-zone. The animals with cutting of the apical mesotestis showed a significative increase with respect to controls for all the considered variables, indicating a tubular dilatation as a consequence of the surgical intervention. The mast cells present in the connective tissue of the F-zone of the control animals presented a typical fluorescent colour with Acridine Orange, while this was not observed in the animals with cutting of the apical mesotestis. PMID- 3244890 TI - Cytoplasmic enzyme activities involved in energy and amino acid metabolism in pathological human renal cortex. AB - Enzyme levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured in the cytosol of renal cortex samples from either normal and pathologic kidney tissue. The mean enzyme activity values, expressed in Units per gram of cytosolic protein decreased in the following order: normal cortex (LDH = 4,299 +/ 654; AST = 522 +/- 101; ALT = 197 +/- 44). chronic pyelonephritis (LDH = 2,360 +/- 876; AST = 297 +/- 117; ALT = 90 +/- 48), hydronephrosis (LDH = 2,208 +/- 1,264; AST = 279 +/- 165; ALT = 82 +/- 61), pyonephrosis (LDH = 1,410 +/- 596; AST = 158 +/- 69; ALT = 23.4 +/- 16.4) and renal tuberculosis (LDH = 1,149 +/- 481; AST = 93 +/- 34; ALT = 5.6 +/- 2.8). The decrease in the enzyme activities paralleled tissue damage and it was shown to affect cellular functionality in relation with energy and amino acid metabolism. PMID- 3244891 TI - Regulation of the pentose phosphate cycle in bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) liver. AB - The influence in the activities of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase produced by the ratio changes NADPH/NADP is studied. The intracellular ratios of 20 and 10 are enough to achieve total inhibition of these two enzymes, respectively. Measurements of a number of metabolic intermediates show that the concentrations of Krebs cycle compounds are higher than those of glycolytic pathway metabolites. From a consideration of these values, the regulation of the pentose phosphate cycle mainly by the intracellular NADPH/NADP ratio, is discussed. PMID- 3244892 TI - Electrical properties and fluxes of Na+ and Cl- across lizard intestine. AB - Electrical parameters and unidirectional Na+ and Cl- fluxes were determined in vitro across the duodenum, ileum and colon of lizard (Gallotia galloti). Electrical potential difference (PD) and short circuit current (Isc) were low in the three segments studied, whilst tissue conductance (Gt) was high. A net active transport of Na+ and Cl- was observed in the three segments. Net Na+ absorption was higher across duodenum and ileum than across the colon, while net Cl- absorption was similar in duodenum, ileum and colon. Ouabain virtually abolished Isc, PD and net Na+ and Cl- fluxes in all the segments. Amiloride abolished net Cl- flux in duodenum, ileum and colon, whereas net Na+ flux was abolished in colon but decreased in duodenum and ileum. PD and Isc were not affected by the presence of the diuretic. PMID- 3244893 TI - Effects of recovery from anesthesia and surgery on renal sodium handling in conscious rats. AB - The accumulating evidence that the delivery of fluid from the proximal tubules to the loop of Henle (Vprox) can be measured in conscious rats by the lithium clearance (CLi) technique has renewed interest in developing a method by which also the glomerular filtration rate can be measured in conscious rats in a steady state condition without influence from anesthesia and surgery. In the present study, Wistar rats of both sexes were put into a restraining cage, catheters were implanted in the jugular vein and the bladder, and renal parameters were determined under various conditions: different types of surgery, absence or presence of infusion with saline or glucose, normal or reversed diurnal rhythm, and examination at various times after surgery. In acutely operated and restrained rats given saline infusion, the proximal tubular fluid output (CLi) as well as the urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV) increased markedly during the first hours after anesthesia and surgery. After 5 h, both variables were significantly higher than in unoperated, unrestrained rats (CLi 364 +/- 40 vs. 151 +/- 38 microliters/min/100 g; UNaV 1,243 +/- 433 vs. 219 +/- 88 nmol/min/100 g; means +/- SD). Reversal of the diurnal rhythm did not change this pattern. Rats infused with 150 mM glucose instead of saline showed similar increases in CLi and UNaV, although the absolute levels were lower than in saline-infused rats. Rats given no infusion at all had subnormal values of CLi and UNaV. Rats operated 1-3 days before experiments and infused with saline showed enhanced although more stable values of CLi and UNaV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3244895 TI - [Milk ejection induced by PGF2 alpha during the first two months following insemination of cows. Application to pregnancy diagnosis]. AB - Milk ejection after intrajugular injection of 256 micrograms of a synthetic PGF2 alpha analogue (Dinolytic, Upjohn) was measured every 2 days until D60 in 7 pregnant cows and until D25 in 5 non pregnant inseminated cows (trial 1). There was a very close correlation (r around + 0.98) between the values of the 3 parameters used to characterize milk ejection, i.e. amplitude of intramammary pressure deflection, surface area under the pressure curve, alveolar milk volume collected by a teat probe. In the two groups of animals, these values behaved similarly until D15 with a sudden increase between D2 and D7. From D15 they decreased abruptly in females where insemination had failed while they still remained at a high level until D25 (then decreasing until D60) in those presumed to be pregnant (fig. 2). These responses were assumed to result from the release of luteal oxytocin and it is suggested that a single injection of 256 micrograms of Dinolytic on D20, together with milk ejection control using a teat probe, would be a rapid, little expensive method for the farmer (without risks of luteolysis) (trial 2 and fig. 3) to distinguish between pregnant and non pregnant cows. PMID- 3244894 TI - A new method for collecting urine directly from the ureter in conscious unrestrained rats. AB - We have developed a new method for urine collection in conscious, unrestrained rats through a chronic indwelling ureteral catheter, which allows direct differential sampling of small urine fractions over periods as small as 1 min. The technique was validated in intact and unilaterally nephrectomized rats by cumulative intravenous saline loading. Comparison of kidney with ureter catheter and contralateral kidney (urine collection from the bladder) revealed no differences in glomerular filtration rate and urine production between both kidneys. One week after catheter implantation in unilaterally nephrectomized rats, signs of renal functional disturbance as assessed by glomerular filtration rate, urine concentrating capacity after 24 h water deprivation, and plasma and urinary urea concentrations before and after water deprivation were not detected. Our technique provides a novel tool for direct measurements of short-term changes in urine composition in conscious animals. PMID- 3244896 TI - [Effect of feeding rhythm on digestive activities and diurnal variation in rumen content in sheep]. AB - Three feeding frequencies of late-cut grass hay (two times per day at 8 h interval, once a day, two times per day at 12 h interval) were compared in sheep fitted or not with a rumen fistula. The following parameters were recorded: daily dry matter intake, ingestive activities, reticulorumen load before and after the large meal following each feeding. The daily dry matter intake was not significantly affected by the treatments although it tended to be lower with one only feeding per day. The animals consumed a larger meal after a single feeding in the morning than after two feedings and they thereafter had more small meals during the day. The total time spent eating and ruminating was similar for the three treatments, always with more time spent ruminating in the night than in the day. Whatever the feeding interval (8 or 12 h), the weight of the reticulorumen content was higher after the evening meal. PMID- 3244897 TI - Thyroid hormones in genetically lean or fat chickens: effects of age and triiodothyronine supplementation. AB - Thyroid hormones were measured in plasma of genetically lean (LL) or fat (FL) chickens at different ages. No differences were observed at hatching or at adult age. More triiodothyronine (T3) and less thyroxine (T4) were found in the plasma of LL than in FL at the fed state during the growth period. This difference disappeared as the birds approached sexual maturity. Dietary supplementation by T3 increased the plasma concentration of T3 at the fed state. It did not influence growth rate, feed efficiency and body temperature. T3 supplementation tended to decrease abdominal fat proportion. It is suggested that the difference in plasma T3 would account for only a small proportion of the between-genotype differences in fattening. PMID- 3244898 TI - Biochemical analysis of vitellogenin from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): fatty acid composition of phospholipids. AB - Vitellogenin was obtained from three year-old vitellogenic trout. Two procedures of isolation were compared: dialysis against distilled water and ultracentrifugation in the density interval 1.21-1.28 g/ml. Similar patterns were observed by gel filtration and electrophoresis for both preparations of vitellogenin, indicating that electric charge and molecular weight were not modified by either procedure. The apparent Mr of the native form was 560,000 in gel filtration, whereas that of the monomer was estimated as 170,000 by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Minor proteins were also detected (100,000-88,000-78,000). The main components were protein (79%), and lipids (19%), Carbohydrates accounted for 0.3% when protein phosphorus and calcium each represented 0.7% of total weight. Phospholipids (70% of total lipids) mainly consisted of phosphatidylcholine in which n-3 docosahexanenoic acid accounted for one-third of total fatty acids. The results show the high levels of essential fatty acids in structural lipids which are known to be involved in embryo development. PMID- 3244899 TI - Biliary and pancreatic secretory component of the migrating myoelectric complex in the pig. Effect on intraduodenal pH. AB - The aim of the present study in the pig was to describe the biliary and pancreatic secretory component of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) during the interdigestive period and after feeding, and to examine the effects of the extracorporal diversion of biliary or pancreatic secretions on the MMC and on the cyclical variation of intraduodenal pH. In a first trial six pigs (50.6 +/- 1.6 kg) were fitted with a permanent catheter in the common bile duct (3 pigs) or in the pancreatic duct (3 pigs) to control the flow of these secretions. They also had a duodenal catheter to return the secretions, and antral and duodenal electrodes for simultaneous recording of motility in fasting conditions. In a second trial ten pigs (50.8 +/- 1.5 kg) underwent a similar surgical preparation (5 bile duct and 5 pancreatic duct fistulations). They had, in addition, a duodenal T-shaped cannula (19 cm distal to the pylorus) allowing continuous intraluminal pH recording parallel to the motility recording. Experiments included 4 situations: secretions returned under fed or fasted conditions; by passed secretions in fed or fasted pigs. The flow of bile and pancreatic juice was very high during irregular spiking activity phases (ISA), peaking at the beginning of regular spiking activity phases (RSA); it was minimal during quiescent phases. The duration of the duodenal MMC and of its 3 constitutive phases was not modified by total extracorporal diversion of bile or pancreatic secretion either in the fed or fasted state. During the interdigestive period the pH was significantly reduced under bile diversion (quiescence: 6.17 vs 7.15; ISA: 4.91 vs 5.94; RSA: 5.40 vs 6.52) as well as under pancreatic juice diversion (quiescence: 5.56 vs 7.18; ISA: 4.21 vs 5.97; RSA: 5.14 vs 6.72). In fed pigs only bile diversion resulted in a small acidification during the postprandial pattern (5.07 vs 5.44) and the consecutive MMC cycles (quiescence: 5.81 vs 6.61; ISA: 4.66 vs 4.92; RSA: 5.11 vs 5.78). Nevertheless the periodicity of pH variation along the MMC cycle was unaffected in bile or pancreatic juice-deprived animals. It is concluded that a true biliary and pancreatic secretory component of MMC exists in the pig, and that these 2 secretions strongly contribute to the neutralization of the duodenal contents. However, the major determinant of the cyclical variation of the intraduodenal pH appears to be the periodicity of the acid gastric outflow. PMID- 3244900 TI - [Characterization of the nutritional status of wild boars in forest surroundings on the basis of mesenteric fat and blood parameters]. AB - Blood samples as well as mesenteric fat for measurement of biochemical parameters were taken from 51 wild boars (36 males, 15 females) slaughtered over a period of one year. The relative weight of the mesenteric adipose tissue as well as its lipid content showed a maximum in the autumn and regularly decreased until the end of the next summer. The lipid content thus ranged from 39 to less than 10% at the end of the summer. Variations in the blood levels of some metabolites measured in the plasma were compared with the nutritional status of the animals. The values showed a high glycaemia (158 mg/dl) that varied little with the season. In contrast, the cholesterol level decreased from the autumn till late winter with a minimum value in March (89 to 50 mg/dl). The level of total proteins, which was low from February to September, increased during the autumn winter period, independently of the albumin content which seemed to be constant. The urea content was highly variable thus masking possible seasonal variations. The creatinine level showed a minimum in the autumn (2.0 mg/dl) and a maximum in the summer (2.9 mg/dl), a period with little abundant food supplies. Thus, the wild boar exhibits large seasonal variations of its metabolism and constitutes body reserves which are mobilised during periods of reduced food availability. The mesenteric fat weight as well as the blood levels of cholesterol and creatinine seem to characterize rather well the nutritional status of this animal. PMID- 3244901 TI - In vitro maturation of sheep ovarian oocytes. AB - An in vitro system has been developed which induces full meiotic maturation in 98% ovarian sheep oocytes isolated from follicles 2-6 mm in diameter. 45.7% of these were fertilized, determined by the presence of two pronuclei, extrusion of the second polar body and the presence of the sperm flagellum. This culture system was used to describe the morphological changes during meiotic maturation, examining the nucleus, the cytoplasm and cumulus (corona)-oocyte relationship. 24 h are required for maturation of sheep oocytes. The culture medium must contain FSH, LH (10 micrograms/ml of each), estradiol-17 beta (1 micrograms/ml) and coculture of 10(6) mural granulosa cells in suspension (Crozet et al., 1987). Nuclear changes were the first evident transformations, showing that chromatin condensation leads to nuclear deformation, to germinal vesicle breakdown and to formation of the first and second meiotic metaphases. The axis of both spindles are oriented perpendicularly to the egg membrane. At each pole a bent disc composed of filamentous material represents the microtubule organizing centers (MTOC). The key event may be the initiation and control of chromosome condensation. Cytoplasmic changes include the development of a cortical layer of 1-4 microns thickness poor in cell organelles. Golgi complexes are localized in three distinct areas with possibly different functions: (1) around the germinal vesicle; (2) in the oocyte cortex, of regular distance; (3) in the central part of the oocyte. Cortical granules (CG) of different maturation stages (condensation) form clusters near the peripheral Golgi complexes while at Meta I they form a nearly continuous single layer. At Meta II the CGs are apparently anchored to the cell membrane by means of small spokes. The cumulus (corona) cells are attached by junctional complexes to each other and to the oocyte. Foot processes cross the zona and indent the oocyte. The termini are gradually exteriorized and contacts must be broken to isolate the oocyte. The sum of all the above changes represent meiotic maturation. PMID- 3244902 TI - Plasma levels of progesterone in the domestic hen related to the maturation of ovarian follicles, and changes in the secretion of progesterone by granulosa cells cultured for 24 hours. AB - Hens in their sixth month of lay were injected with a series of doses of ovine LH, either following the oviposition of a mid-sequence egg (which is closely associated with an ovulation), or following the oviposition of the last egg of a sequence. The concentrations of steroid hormones were subsequently measured by radioimmunoassay in blood withdrawn at intervals after injection. No changes were observed in the concentrations of either testosterone or 17 beta-oestradiol, irrespective of the dose of LH or the stage of the ovulatory cycle. An increase in delta-4-androstenedione was observed in all cases. This increase was minimal and unrelated to the dose of LH at the mid-sequence stage, but a dose-response relationship was observed in hens injected following the terminal oviposition of a series. Consistent, dose-related changes in the concentrations of progesterone in plasma were found at both stages of the ovulatory cycle, and the magnitude of these changes was 3.5-5 times greater than those observed for androstenedione. Granulosa cells from the first, second and third ovarian follicles were dispersed by collagenase and stimulated with ovine LH either immediately or following a 24 h pre-incubation in medium 199. The amount of progesterone released into the medium after 3 h was assessed by radioimmunoassay. A progressive decrease in this response was observed in cells derived from the first to the third follicles in all cases. Cells challenged after 24 h always showed increased responses, cells from the second follicle secreted similar amounts of progesterone as cells from the first follicle that were challenged immediately, without pre-incubation. The responses obtained after 24 h were attenuated if no bovine serum albumin was present in the medium, or if ovine LH had been present in the medium continuously. These results are interpreted as evidence for an increase in the secretion of progesterone by the granulosa cells of the hen which is linked to the maturation of the follicle. The final stages of this maturation may proceed in the absence of LH. PMID- 3244903 TI - Morphological and functional features of ovine follicles in perifusion with pulsatile hormone delivery. AB - Large follicles were obtained from sheep ovaries during the follicular phase, dissected and incubated for 24 h in a perifusion system. Continuous flow of B2 medium gassed with O2 and CO2 and supplemented with FSH/LH pulses every other hour enabled us to measure the steroid secretion rates of each follicle. At the end of the perifusion, the follicles were processed for histological examination. It was demonstrated that 70% of the follicles were healthy after 24 h of perifusion. This was associated with a high secretion rate of oestradiol compared to atretic follicles. In contrast testosterone and progesterone secretion rates were similar in healthy and atretic follicles. In both healthy and atretic follicles, repeated gonadotrophin pulses produced increases in steroid production. Such a perifusion system might be a valuable tool to study between and within-follicle interactions to get new insights in paracrine and autocrine regulations in the ovary. PMID- 3244904 TI - Anti-mullerian hormone in sheep follicles. AB - The purpose of this work was to study anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) secretion during ovarian development in sheep before and after birth. We used avidinbiotin immunocytochemistry and a monoclonal antibody specific for ruminant AMH. Only granulosa cells have an immunoreactivity; this immunoreactivity was influenced by animal age and by the degree of follicular development. In the fetus, no immunoreactivity was detected in somatic cells of ovigerous cords at 70 days post coitum (p.c.) or in primordial and growing follicles at 100 and 120 days p.c. A faint reaction was only seen occasionally in a few cells belonging to preantral follicles at 120 days p.c. AMH was never detected in primordial follicles in ovaries of 144 days p.c., at birth, at 8, 97, 145 days post-natal or in adult ovaries. A faint reaction, elicited in small growing follicles, increased with follicle size to become more intense in antral follicles. Immunoreactivity was strongly positive in granulosa cells, especially in those lining the antral cavity and close to the oocyte, whereas there was little or no reactivity in peripheral cells near the basal membrane. Follicles without AMH reactivity were found at all times and their number decreased with age. PMID- 3244906 TI - Solubilization and purification of the lutropin (LH) receptor from porcine testes. AB - The LH receptor was solubilized from porcine testis homogenates by different detergents. Non-ionic detergents appeared to be the best ones regarding solubilization yield and recovery of active receptor after elution from hCG affinity gels. However, the final yield was not greater than 1-2% of the starting receptor activity. We also investigated the effect of added phospholipids (75% phosphatidylcholine + 25% phosphatidylethanolamine) on the yield of the overall purification process. It was shown that the best p value [i.e. the ratio of (detergent concentration - critical micellar concentration) to phospholipids] upon solubilization was congruent to 1.1 for a non-ionic detergent such as Nonidet P-40, while a higher p value was better upon elution. The stability of the solubilized receptor versus pH and SDS has been studied. The receptor exhibited two pKa's of denaturation congruent to 3.8 and 11.1, while the [125I]hCG-receptor complex dissociated with a pKa congruent to 3.8 and 10.3 SDS concentrations as low as 0.05% denatured rapidly and apparently, irreversibly, the solubilized LH receptor. The stability of different affinity gels was checked and it was found that the best yield for receptor elution (congruent to 10%) was obtained with an immunoaffinity anti-hCG support. The obtention of two monoclonal antibodies is mentioned, as well as their competition with the binding of [125I]pLH to testis homogenates. PMID- 3244905 TI - Anti-mullerian hormone and freemartinism: inhibition of germ cell development and induction of seminiferous cord-like structures in rat fetal ovaries exposed in vitro to purified bovine AMH. AB - In 13 and 14-day old fetal rat ovaries maintained 3 to 10 days in organ culture, purified bovine anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) (1.5 to 3 micrograms/ml) induced a characteristic freemartin effect. Gonadal volume and germ cell number were significantly reduced, compared to control ovaries cultured in anhormonal medium, and epithelial cells with large clear cytoplasm linked by interdigitations differentiated in the gonadal blastema. These cells resembling rat fetal Sertoli cells became polarized and formed seminiferous cord-like structures delineated by a basal membrane containing laminin and fibronectin as is the case of testicular seminiferous cords at the first step of their differentiation. These data indicate that AMH is probably the testicular factor responsible for the morphological modifications of bovine freemartin gonads and suggest that this hormone could also be involved in normal morphological differentiation of the testis. In contrast, in fetal rat ovaries, AMH did not trigger the testosterone production which occurs in freemartin gonads at an early stage of the gestation. PMID- 3244907 TI - Pituitary hormones and reproduction in vertebrates. A.I.P. I.N.R.A. Versailles, October 22, 1987. (Institut National de la Resherche Agronomique). PMID- 3244908 TI - Effects of 90% oxygen exposure on the ultrastructure of the tracheal epithelium in rabbits. AB - Numerous signs of pathological alteration were induced in the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium by a 2-hour exposure to 90% oxygen. The ciliary border injury was especially conspicuous, the mean number of cilia in a given area was significantly (p less than 0.005) reduced and morphological signs of impaired self-cleaning ability were revealed. Ciliated cells were severely injured showing apical blebbing and swelling of cell organelles. The reaction of goblet cells to exposure to O2 was rapid discharge of mucus, but the mechanism of mucus evacuation was not substantially influenced. At the ultrastructural level, only a mild effect of humidification of the oxygen was observed. PMID- 3244909 TI - Variability of maximal expiratory flow-volume curve in young volley players. AB - In order to assess the variability of forced expiratory flows, 15 male players (age 16-19 years, height 182-201 cm) of the Italian National Junior Volley team were studied twice with the pneumotachygraph of the computerized Hewlett-Packard Pulmonary System. The first time (April), but not the second (July), all the subjects were physically trained. Each subject performed at least three acceptable forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuvers, following the standard of the American Thoracic Society, with the exception of the criterion for determining the FVC end point. Mean values of forced mid- and end-expiratory flows were significantly higher in April than in July. Inter- and intrasubject coefficients of variation were lower for FVC and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) than for the flows. However, the within-subject variability of expiratory flows is lower in our athletes than in the subjects described by other authors. Our findings indicate the importance of forced expiratory flows in detecting even minor intra-subject variations related to physical training and suggest that flow in the terminal portion of the FVC curve may be at least moderately dependent upon effort. PMID- 3244910 TI - Identification of constriction in large versus small vessels using the arterial venous and the double-occlusion techniques in isolated canine lungs. AB - By applying the arterial and venous occlusion technique and the double-occlusion technique in the isolated perfused dog left lower lobe, the total pressure gradient across the pulmonary vasculature can be partitioned into four segments: upstream arterial (delta Pa), precapillary (delta Pa'), postcapillary (delta Pv') and downstream venous (delta Pv). Changes in delta Pa and in delta Pv would result from constriction of the large arteries and veins, respectively, while changes in delta Pa' and delta Pv' would result from constriction of the smallest muscular arteries and veins. The results revealed that at the dosages used, serotonin and angiotensin II constricted the large arteries only. Histamine constricted the large and small veins, whereas norepinephrine constricted the large arteries and large veins. Hypoxia constricted primarily the precapillary vessels, and slightly the postcapillary vessels. Elevation of alveolar pressure relative to vascular pressure increased primarily the pressure gradient across the postcapillary vessels (delta Pv'), and to some extent, increased the pressure gradient across the precapillary vessels (delta Pa'). Thus the two techniques when applied together in the isolated lung can differentiate between constriction in large versus small vessels. Caution is recommended when extrapolating these results to other animal species, because the site of vasoconstriction may be different for a given substance. PMID- 3244911 TI - Baking additives as new allergens in baker's asthma. PMID- 3244912 TI - [Pulmonary histoplasmosis. Experience at the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases]. PMID- 3244913 TI - [Septicemia caused by Aeromonas/Plesiomonas in adults]. PMID- 3244914 TI - [Detection of cerebral damage in a Spanish-speaking population using neuropsychologic evaluation]. PMID- 3244915 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency caused by contrast media. Prospective study on incidence, predisposing factors and course of the disease]. PMID- 3244916 TI - [Radiopharmacokinetics of 99mTc-atropine in 2 healthy volunteers and biodistribution in mice]. PMID- 3244917 TI - [Syndrome of delayed phase sleep. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3244918 TI - [Familial malignant pleural mesothelioma. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3244919 TI - [Disseminated cryptococcosis in a surgical patient]. PMID- 3244920 TI - [Ecologic aspects of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: isolation and characterization of strains]. PMID- 3244921 TI - [Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: susceptibility to antimicrobial agents]. PMID- 3244922 TI - [Species of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from clinical material]. PMID- 3244924 TI - [Infection caused by dermatophytes in laboratory animals]. PMID- 3244923 TI - [Serologic diagnosis of pulmonary mycoses caused by opportunistic organisms]. PMID- 3244925 TI - Inmunity in mice to an oncosphere infection by using oncospheral antigens from Taenia solium or Taeniarhynchus saginatus. PMID- 3244926 TI - [Response of maize to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense]. PMID- 3244927 TI - [Microbiologic transformation of flavonoids. I. Flavanone derivatives]. PMID- 3244928 TI - [Adrenergic response to dynamic exercise in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 3244929 TI - [Urinary tract infections in the elderly: hemagglutinating properties and susceptibility to antibacterial agents of the uropathogenic strains]. PMID- 3244931 TI - [Isolation of Capnocytophaga in human infections]. PMID- 3244930 TI - [Campylobacter pyloridis: prevalence in normal endoscopies, atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3244932 TI - [The CRAMS system of quantitative evaluation in trauma]. PMID- 3244933 TI - [Transhepatic cholangiography in the diagnosis of bile duct obstruction. 12 years' experience]. PMID- 3244934 TI - [Urinary tract infections, 30 years later]. PMID- 3244935 TI - [Rupture of dissecting aneurysm of aorta during pregnancy]. PMID- 3244937 TI - [What is the scientific relevance of the intelligence quotient?]. PMID- 3244936 TI - [Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: 3 clinical cases]. PMID- 3244938 TI - [The smoking habit in underdeveloped countries: an important public health problem]. PMID- 3244939 TI - [Digestive diseases in Chile: epidemiologic outlook]. PMID- 3244940 TI - [Nifedipine: correlation of plasma levels and some hemodynamic effects in healthy volunteers]. PMID- 3244941 TI - [Crohn disease of the colon: clinical and colonoscopic aspects]. PMID- 3244942 TI - [Differential value of hepatic scintigraphy in simple and complicated hydatidosis and liver abscesses]. PMID- 3244943 TI - [Scintigraphy of the biliary tract with 99Tc DISIDA in patients with symptomatic chronic cholecystitis. Prospective study]. PMID- 3244944 TI - [Optimization of a method of high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of serum theophylline]. PMID- 3244945 TI - [Cardiac involvement in primary hemochromatosis]. PMID- 3244947 TI - [Cryptosporidium sp in ambulatory patients]. PMID- 3244946 TI - [Factitious thyrotoxicosis due to the ingestion of bovine thyroid glands]. PMID- 3244948 TI - [Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: current considerations]. PMID- 3244949 TI - [Research in clinical psychiatry]. PMID- 3244950 TI - [The role of medical oncology as a subspecialty of internal medicine in the management of cancer]. PMID- 3244951 TI - [The demand for physicians in Chile]. PMID- 3244952 TI - [The capacity for handling deliveries at a rural hospital]. PMID- 3244953 TI - [Immediate and late results of conservative mitral surgery in mitral stenosis]. PMID- 3244954 TI - [Current usefulness of hemodynamic studies before valvular surgery]. PMID- 3244955 TI - [3-step pharmacologic treatment of pain in cancer. Preliminary experience in Chile]. PMID- 3244956 TI - [Bases of the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Critical analysis at hospitals in Santiago, Chile]. PMID- 3244957 TI - [Plasma leukocyte elastase in septic processes. Experience in surgical patients]. PMID- 3244959 TI - [Routine hemodynamic study before valvular surgery: is it no longer necessary?]. PMID- 3244958 TI - [Simplified severity index in postoperative critically ill patients]. PMID- 3244960 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle]. PMID- 3244961 TI - [Morbidity in the population of 12 Chilean cities]. PMID- 3244962 TI - [Risk of osteoporosis in Chilean adolescents caused by low calcium ingestion]. PMID- 3244963 TI - [Bladder irrigation with alum solution for the control of severe bladder hemorrhage]. PMID- 3244964 TI - Testicular cancer: new concepts and innovations in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3244965 TI - Radiologic evaluation of nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis. PMID- 3244966 TI - Modified retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for patients with clinical stage I testicular cancer. PMID- 3244967 TI - Nerve-sparing techniques in retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in patients with low stage testicular cancer. PMID- 3244968 TI - Image and signal processing in electron microscopy. Proceedings of the 6th Pfefferkorn Conference. April 28 to May 2, 1987, Niagara Falls, Canada. PMID- 3244969 TI - Estimation of missing cone data in three-dimensional electron microscopy. AB - The range of tilt angles for which projected images of two-dimensionally periodic specimens can be obtained in electron microscopy is limited both by technical aspects, such as goniometer design, and by the more fundamental limitation of object thickness. The lack of a full set of projections causes a missing cone in the reciprocal space data for the object, which will give an anisotropic resolution in a three-dimensional reconstruction and may cause the quality to be impaired by spurious features. The problem is governed by a linear operator which maps the three-dimensional object onto the set of projections. The eigenvalue spectrum of this operator is determined by the range of tilt angles and the spatial extent of the object. If the object is spatially restricted, the eigenvalues are all positive, and it is in principle possible to retrieve experimentally unavailable structure data from those that are measured. However, with restricted angle data, some of the eigenvalues are extremely small, so the problem is 'ill-conditioned' or sensitive to small perturbations in the data, such as noise, and it is necessary to regularize the solution. We applied two methods of band-limited extrapolation and inference on electron microscope data. Alternating projections onto convex sets regularized by a regularization parameter and a least squares estimation regularized by the Shannon entropy functional yield similar results if a close object extent constraint is available. The criterion of maximum entropy, however, allows a relaxation of this constraint. PMID- 3244970 TI - Processing of quantitative scanning transmission electron micrographs. AB - While digital image processing is widely used for 3-D structure reconstruction from tilt-series recorded in the electron microscopy (EM), a few scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) specific procedures have been developed which provide us with useful quantitative information on the structure of biological macromolecules and their assemblies. These include determination of the mass- or elemental distribution within the structure under investigation. Simple procedures evaluate the mass of proteinous particles, the mass-per-length of filaments or the mass-per-area of sheets. Averaging of STEM elastic darkfield (DF) micrographs from regular structures has demonstrated the possibility of obtaining mass maps, which can reveal domains as small as 1,000 daltons. While the elastic DF image defines the (regular) structure at high-resolution, thereby providing a rule for averaging, much weaker signals are simultaneously acquired by detectors positioned at specific energy losses. Since many (approximately 500) identical subunits from a single multichannel micrograph can be averaged, and many such averages can readily be accumulated due to the precise morphological characterization obtained from the elastic DF image, an element map is expected to emerge from thus averaged electron energy loss windows. PMID- 3244971 TI - Evaluation and optimization of the performance of elastic and inelastic scanning transmission electron microscope imaging by correlation analysis. AB - Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopes (STEM) offer specific characters, such as multidetector configuration, energy loss spectroscopy, external control of the probe raster, which make them quite suited to digital image acquisition and innovative data processing. Considering pixel intensities as random variables, one can apply cross-correlation techniques to pairs of duplicated images. Such methods are used to investigate imaging properties of the instrument, such as the point resolution and the signal to noise ratio, in its different working modes. Concerning the annular dark field, one shows that there exist optimum values for defocus and angle of illumination which minimize the probe size at a value of about 0.5 nm. The same techniques are also used to evaluate the characteristics of energy filtered images recorded in a specific energy window loss around an ionization edge: the degradation in edge resolution with respect to the accompanying ADF images is only of the order of 0.2 to 0.3 nm, which sets the delocalization parameter for an energy loss of 100 eV (i.e. for U-O4-5) well below 1 nm in agreement with theoretical predictions. PMID- 3244972 TI - Spectral processing for parallel recording of elemental maps. AB - Seven different one-, two-, or three-parameter analytic expressions were tested for their applicability to electron energy-loss spectral processing for mapping of atomic distributions in images of magnesium oxide crystals. Two-point two parameter fits all provided indistinguishable results. Fine structure in the spectrum produced major quantitative inconsistencies for any given expression. This effect was exacerbated with the use of three-parameter expressions. Mass thickness effects on the oxygen map of Mg0 were inconsequential up to a crystal thickness of 30 nm, but became dominant and unacceptable at a 50% increase in thickness above this. This observation can be explained by a specific single inelastic scatter coupled with any number of elastic scattering events. PMID- 3244973 TI - Developments in processing image sequences for elemental mapping. AB - Elemental mapping consists in searching the distribution of a given chemical species over an extended specimen area, with relation to topographical or structural features. It can be done with EELS core signals from a combination of several energy filtered images. One major problem encountered in the processing of such sequences of images lies in the extrapolation errors due to a difficult estimate of the background below the characteristic signal. The chosen method must be sufficiently reliable to avoid the risk of both "false positive" and "false negative" values: the first category may stem from spurious signals or from a non-satisfactory fit of the background. The second category is mainly due to a limited sensitivity. The EELS signal is often much weaker than the background intensity; an extrapolation error can therefore transform a negative value into a positive one, or vice versa. The purpose of the present contribution is to check the validity of the processing at different levels: i) different mathematical models of background; ii) different types of fitting procedures (one parameter and two-parameters fits); iii) different fitting methods and several associated manipulations, such as a quasi local estimation of the involved fitting parameters. The statistical validity of those techniques is discussed through several tests on real images obtained from different specimens (Co/CeO2 catalysts, ferritin molecules, U and Tb staining clusters). Progress is made on the way of quantitative elemental mapping at a given confidence level, and towards the identification of single atoms. PMID- 3244974 TI - Image interpretation of metal shadowed specimens with the aid of Monte Carlo simulation of the shadowing process. AB - Rotary shadowing is investigated by means of an adapted shadowing model, which has been used for relief reconstruction of unidirectionally shadowed specimens. The metal layer geometry is calculated for a simple geometric object. In order to elucidate the metal accumulation process on the surface, a Monte Carlo simulation of shadowing is applied to synthetic reliefs and to experimental relief reconstruction data of a paracrystalline membrane. For rotary shadowed specimens, no linear relationship between local metal thickness and surface height can be established as in the unidirectional case. Low spatial frequencies of the surface relief contribute very little to the information content of the observed metal film. Contrast produced by rotary shadowed films is lower compared to unidirectionally shadowed ones. The main effects are due to the steep slopes which give rise to the considerable amount of metal viewed in the normal projection, and due to the shadow casts. A further contrast enhancing effect is self-shadowing, an artifact introduced primarily by rotating the specimen during evaporation. The Monte Carlo simulation shows that low elevation angles favor self-shadowing effects. This results in a pronounced granularity that is caused by the random incidence of the atoms and the accumulation at previously deposited atoms or grown clusters. On real surfaces, small decorating clusters can be enlarged by self-shadowing. This explains the increased decoration tendency of rotary shadowed specimens. The Monte Carlo method can be used as a means to differentiate shadowing information from these effects. PMID- 3244975 TI - Maximum entropy methods in dark field electron micrographs and elemental maps. AB - A maximum entropy algorithm is described which not only fits a model to the data consistent with the size of the noise and the maximum entropy principle but also distributes the residuals between the data and the model in a way consistent with the noise in the data having been generated by a random gaussian process. The results of applying the algorithm to profiles of electron micrographs, electron micrographs and model data is presented. The algorithm is found to achieve various degrees of signal to noise ratio enhancement. Preliminary results show that the spatial resolution is not suppressed. A biassing artifact is described. PMID- 3244976 TI - [Does common asthma show intercritical functional anomalies?]. AB - During an epidemiological survey conducted in 1985, we performed spirometric examinations in a group of 133 asthmatic subjects and a group of 168 control subjects. After standardization for sex, height and age, mean FEV1 values were lower in asthmatics than in control subjects and decreased when the frequency of asthma attacks increased. Thus, from observations gathered in asthmatics identified by a questionnaire during a field study, we can confirm previous conclusions drawn from outpatients clinics: most of the time, asymptomatic asthmatics demonstrate an airflow limitation. PMID- 3244977 TI - [Respiratory function test, a key in the etiologic diagnosis of dyspnea or a simple quantitative test?]. AB - When confronted with a case of dyspnoea, three questions must be asked: is the dyspnoea due to a pulmonary organic disease? How severe is it? What is its nature or its origin? In the majority of cases these questions are answered by elementary lung function tests (spirometry and measurement of the residual volume), but for these answers to be valid it must be borne in mind that respiratory function test (RFT) is primarily a physical exercise: no measurement is valid unless the operator is fully involved and the subject explored participates to the best of his possibilities. RFT also is a mental exercise: the data obtained can be well understood only if the operator is conversant with the data described in this article. RFT has multiple applications, and yet this examination is notoriously underestimated and underused by the medical profession. Good practice is its best publicity. PMID- 3244978 TI - The importance of antibiotic treatment in functional and aesthetic rhinosurgery. PMID- 3244979 TI - Local treatment of upper respiratory tract conditions. Role of Locabiotal Aerosol (fusafungine). Proceedings of an international meeting. Athens, April 28-May 1, 1988. PMID- 3244980 TI - Value of local antibiotic therapy in respiratory tract infections. PMID- 3244981 TI - Bactericidal activity of fusafungine towards nosocomial methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains. PMID- 3244982 TI - Antiviral activity of fusafungine. PMID- 3244983 TI - In vitro and in vivo efficacy of fusafungine on Legionella pneumophila. PMID- 3244984 TI - Fusafungine and inflammation. PMID- 3244985 TI - Assessment of fusafungine anti-inflammatory activity by rhinomanometry. PMID- 3244986 TI - Value of Locabiotal Aerosol in rhinosinusitis. PMID- 3244987 TI - [Atopic dermatosis in children: etiopathogeny, treatment and development]. PMID- 3244988 TI - Plasminogen and plasminogen proactivator in liver diseases. AB - The behaviour of plasminogen (PLg) and plasminogen proactivator (PPLg) and some currently employed enzyme parameters were prospectively studied in 1047 subjects, of whom: 748 patients with liver diseases and jaundice; 52 tumor patients and 247 healthy persons. The patients with parenchymal liver diseases showed significantly reduced PLg and PPLg activity in direct relation with the severity and the stage of diseases. In patients with obstructive jaundice the activity of the fibrinolytic enzymes was usually normal, rarely increased. Other parameters such as: ALAT, LAP, G--GT and bilirubin were elevated most often in patients with viral hepatitis as well as in patients with obstructive jaundice. Quick time was found less affected during acute viral hepatitis and acute liver failure. It seems possible to recommend PLg and PPLg as liver function tests in association with the other function tests. PMID- 3244989 TI - Campylobacter pylori infection in gastric and duodenal ulcer. AB - The incidence of infection with Campylobacter pylori (CP) in gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) and its correlation with the gastritis lesions associated to the two diseases, was investigated. In GU the incidence of CP infection was 76.3%, close to that in DU (71.4), but different from controls (33.3%). Chronic gastritis associated to gastric or duodenal ulcer is of variable severity, CP infection being the more often encountered the higher the severity of gastritis. Presence of CP was also observed in 75% of the cases associated also with intestinal metaplasia from UG. The diameter of CP-positive GU was significantly increased as compared with that in CP-negative GU. Type I GU was associated with CP infection in 81.8% of the cases. The results obtained allowed the conclusion that in GU and DU the incidence of CP infection is significantly higher as compared with that in controls but the pathogenetic relationship ulcer-bacterium is not yet elucidated. PMID- 3244990 TI - Pacemaker therapy in a group of 132 patients with sick sinus syndrome- indications and results. AB - Of the 132 patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) studied, 62 (47.8%) required pacemaker implantation thus showing the severity of the arrhythmic syndrome. The pacing requirement varied according to the SSS arrhythmic form with a maximum in the tachy-brady syndrome (53.5%) and in major sinus bradyarrhythmias--S--A block and sinus arrest (54.1%). The presence of syncopes (in 32.6% of the patients) represented the main indication for pacing. Very good results (100% efficiency) were obtained in the bradycardic forms. In the tachy-brady syndrome electrostimulation solved completely the bradycardic component and was able, alone, to suppress the tachyarrhythmic episodes in 18.4% of the patients. By associating pacing with antiarrhythmic drugs favourable results were obtained in an additional proportion of 65.8% of the patients. In the rest of 15.8% of the cases the results were partial. PMID- 3244992 TI - Management of acid related disorders. Concepts and controversies. Proceedings of a symposium. Gothenburg, January 22-23, 1988. PMID- 3244991 TI - Chest-wall and transesophageal stimulation in the functional evaluation of patients with permanent pacemakers. AB - For the functional estimation of artificial pacemakers, we have used two techniques: chest-wall stimulation and transesophageal stimulation. Transesophageal stimulation was always effective in inhibiting the generator, and it was used when chest-wall stimulation was ineffective. These two tests can be easily performed and are of remarkable usefulness in the follow-up of patients with permanent pacemaker. PMID- 3244993 TI - Gastro-esophageal reflux disease. AB - 'Gastro-esophageal reflux' is the passage of gastric content into the esophagus. Resulting typical symptoms are denoted as 'reflux like dyspepsia'. 'Reflux esophagitis' is the endoscopic or microscopic evidence of damage to the esophageal mucosa. Long-term intraesophageal pH-monitoring will establish 'pathologic gastroesophageal reflux' when 'acid exposure' time exceeds 5% of the monitoring time. GERD, 'gastro-esophageal reflux disease', is present when symptoms and/or esophagitis are caused by reflux. 'Columnar lined esophagus' is a better expression than 'Barret's esophagus'. Esophageal acid exposure increases during the day with a peak in the evening and little reflux after midnight. Treatment should probably be concentrated to evening time and not so much to night time. PMID- 3244994 TI - Peptic ulcer disease--trends in surgical management in Sweden. AB - In order to study temporal changes in surgical rates for peptic ulcer disease a survey investigation covering 82% of the surgical departments in Sweden was made. Since 1956 there was a marked and steady decline in elective procedures while the decline in emergency procedures for perforations was much less pronounced. In 1986, the incidence of elective and emergency operations was 1.2 and 0.6 procedures per 10,000 inhabitants, respectively. In the future, the few patients needing elective surgery for peptic ulcer may have to be served by a small number of specialized centres. PMID- 3244995 TI - Surgery is preferable in patients with severe chronic peptic ulcer disease. AB - Conservative treatment given as interrupted courses is easy and successful for the majority of patients with peptic ulcer disease. For those plagued for years and years by severe chronic complaints the choice will be maintenance treatment or surgery. Maintenance treatment possibly spares the patient for an operation but includes a risk of stenosis claiming the necessity of a drainage operation with risk of sequels. The taking of the pill means a daily remembrance of the disease. Relapse rate is high. The economic problem is not unimportant for the patient. When contra indications are taken seriously into consideration modern ulcer surgery is not dangerous. There are no sequels if the pyloric function can be left intact. The cured patients feel fit and will usually forget the disease. Recurrence rate is lower than that during maintenance therapy but if occurring early they may be difficult to treat. The young patient with severe chronic duodenal ulcer disease should not wait eternally for a parietal cell vagotomy. When the ulcer is located to the pyloric channel prolonged conservative treatment may be advisable. Treatment policy for the gastric ulcer is debatable. No treatment is yet ideal. The advice to the individual patient should be based upon a non-prejudiced evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the therapeutic possibilities necessitating that the gastroenterologist and the surgeon have a thorough knowledge of the results of the other speciality. PMID- 3244996 TI - Bismuth is better. AB - Healing of peptic ulcers with drugs which do not in the least interfere with intragastric acidity has only been described for colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS). Healing rates both for duodenal and gastric ulcer are comparable with those obtained with H2-receptor antagonists (HRA). Relapse after CBS healing seems less and delayed compared to HRA-induced healing. PMID- 3244997 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux disease. AB - In these speculations of the future in gastro-esophageal reflux a hope is expressed that gastro-esophageal reflux disease is accepted as a separate entity. Treatment and diagnosis should not be confused with those of ulcer disease. Reflux disease is not a problem of too much acid in the stomach, but too much acid in the wrong place, the esophagus. The problem is mainly a leaking valve. Furthermore, the expression reflux like dyspepsia should be used when esophagitis or gastro-esophageal reflux disease is not established by endoscopy or pH monitoring. PMID- 3244998 TI - Do we need to listen to the patient? The predictive value of symptoms. AB - We have previously shown that the endoscopist is able to predict the endoscopic diagnosis in about two thirds of the patients. We report some preliminary findings from two different studies on the ability of symptoms to predict endoscopic findings. Comparison with similar studies in Glasgow and Huddinge suggests that the predictive value of symptoms probably varies between countries and depends on the population dealt with as well as on the methods used for symptom evaluation. Predictive models for peptic ulcer or endoscopic esophagitis based on symptoms showed at best an about 60-70% sensitivity and specificity. We strongly feel that future studies on the predictive value of symptoms should be more focused on the first step in the decision process in general practice. PMID- 3244999 TI - Diagnostic evaluation: gastric acid secretion and pH. AB - The diagnostic value of gastric secretion tests has been found to be lower than what was previously believed. Thus basal and stimulated acid output is normal in most ulcer patients, and this is also so for gastric and duodenal pH. Gastric acid secretion does not separate patients with rapid recurrence after medical treatment from those with a long period of remission, and acid secretion is usually not higher in patients with recurrence after vagotomy than in patients without relapse. Today a gastric acid secretion test is used in patients suspected of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and it seems also to be valuable in ulcer patients who do not respond clinically satisfactory to medical treatment. PMID- 3245000 TI - Endoscopy: its diagnostic role in dyspepsia. AB - Fibreoptic endoscopy is now recognised as the most reliable diagnostic technique for establishing the cause of upper gastro-intestinal symptoms. However, in the UK the demand for endoscopic diagnosis far outstrips our ability to meet it and in this article an attempt is made to define how one can limit this demand so that a high diagnostic yield can be anticipated. PMID- 3245001 TI - Gastritis--a misused term in clinical gastroenterology. AB - Gastritis is an inflammation in the gastric mucosa. The definition, classification and diagnosis of gastritis is based on morphological changes. The term 'gastritis' is widely used as a catchbag for upper abdominal complaints. Although acute or specific forms of gastritis may present upper abdominal symptoms, chronic gastritis is asymptomatic, and is not the cause of long standing upper abdominal complaints. Chronic gastritis is a very common condition in the general population. Hence the probability of finding chronic gastritis in endoscopic biopsies of patients with upper abdominal complaints is high for statistical reasons, and this does not prove any causal relation between chronic gastritis and subjective complaints. Campylobacter pylori is associated with chronic gastritis. It may activate the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa, or it may just be an innocent bystander, which subsists within a diseased mucosa. The role of campylobacter pylory in the etiology of non-ulcer dyspepsia or peptic ulcer is questionable. PMID- 3245003 TI - Acid-related disorders: what are they? AB - 'Acid-related disorders' is a term used to describe a whole range of conditions from the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, where acid is entirely responsible for the problems, to aerophagia and motility-type non-ulcer dyspepsia, where acid plays little if any role in the dyspeptic symptoms. Careful evaluation of the patient's symptoms is required to establish the basis for the dyspepsia and from that, careful selection can be made for any investigations that might be needed. These symptoms are the basis for advising on the most effective management--but as many doctors and patients erroneously attribute dyspepsia solely to acid, it is all too easy for inappropriate treatment to be offered. Acid is not the only cause of dyspeptic symptoms. Dyspepsia is a very common complaint with many causes. Acid and pepsin are often held responsible for these symptoms, by both the medical profession and the lay public. The term, 'acid-related disorders' is used to embrace this wide variety of conditions in which acid may play a part. However, in spite of current folklore, it is a spectrum of conditions ranging from situations where acid is crucial to conditions where acid may play little part. PMID- 3245002 TI - Duodenitis. AB - This article discusses the relationship between peptic ulcer and mucosal inflammation changes in the duodenum (duodenitis) in the light of experience in our centre and a review of recent literature. It is concluded that duodenitis is part of the duodenal ulcer diathesis but is rarely the cause of symptoms. PMID- 3245004 TI - Esophageal body motor disturbances in gastroesophageal reflux and the effects of fundoplication. AB - Thirty-seven patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were included in an esophageal manometry study before and six months after fundoplication. The motility pattern of the body of the esophagus in the patient group was compared with that of 15 healthy controls. No differences in swallowing amplitudes were found between patients with different degrees of esophagitis or between GERD patients and controls. Peristaltic activity was slightly impaired in patients with endoscopic esophagitis compared with controls. No correlation was found between dysphagia and chest pain symptoms on the one hand and on peristaltic pattern and swallowing amplitudes on the other. It was concluded that conventional esophageal manometry has little to contribute to the investigation of symptoms such as non-burning chest pain and dysphagia in GERD. Effective anti reflux surgery eliminates these symptoms with little influence on the esophageal motility pattern. PMID- 3245005 TI - Ambulatory intraesophageal 24-hour pH-monitoring. AB - Changes in pH in the distal esophagus to detect reflux is the basis for ambulatory intraesophageal 24-hour pH-monitoring. Patients with symptoms that do not respond to therapy, patients with atypical symptoms and patients planned for antireflux surgery should undergo pH-monitoring. Pathologic reflux is detected by calculating acid exposure time. Information on the temporal relationship between reflux episodes and symptoms, and of the temporal pattern will also be obtained. The monitoring should be performed ambulatory during 24 hours. The patient should be as unrestricted as possible, except for acit food and beverages. Many types of equipment are available. Solid state memories are preferred, glass or antimony electrodes may be used and the data analysis should be performed on an ordinary personal computer. PMID- 3245006 TI - The management of dyspepsia. PMID- 3245007 TI - AIDS and the election. PMID- 3245008 TI - AIDS: an unknown distance still to go. PMID- 3245009 TI - Maternal dysinheritance. PMID- 3245010 TI - Making bones better. PMID- 3245011 TI - The bionic mind. PMID- 3245012 TI - Fatness and fertility. PMID- 3245013 TI - The neurobiology of feeding in leeches. PMID- 3245014 TI - Supporting the supporters of the demented elderly. PMID- 3245015 TI - Chronic leg ulceration: socio-economic aspects. AB - Six hundred patients with chronic leg ulcers were assessed and classified with regard to social class, mobility and employment. It has been shown that there is no increased incidence of chronic leg ulceration in the more disadvantaged socio economic groups, but when leg ulceration occurs it is more likely to be recurrent and take longer to heal. Although in only 11% of patients was mobility affected by leg ulceration alone, the condition interfered with work and or leisure activities to a moderate or severe degree in 42%. PMID- 3245017 TI - Prevention of haematogenous infection in prosthetic joints. AB - A survey was conducted to identify the attitude of consultant orthopaedic surgeons and rheumatologists in Scotland, North East England and Ireland, to the prevention of blood-borne infection in prosthetic joints. Of the 61% who completed the questionnaire, 65% gave advice about intercurrent infection, a similar number gave advice about the use of prophylactic antibiotics before certain surgical procedures, with less than half of the patients receiving any written instructions about inter-current infection, and less than a quarter of the patients receiving any written instructions about antibiotic prophylaxis. 36% of the respondents were confused as to what to advise or ignored the problem. The reality of late infection is discussed and a policy to minimise the risk of late infection in prosthetic joints is presented for consideration. PMID- 3245016 TI - Methylprednisolone, etoposide, vindesine, and chlorambucil (PEEC) alone or alternating with CHOP as initial or salvage therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - A novel cytotoxic drug combination, PEEC, has been tested in the initial or salvage treatment of lymphomas. The PEEC combination alone is active in high grade or intermediate grade NHL with two complete and two partial remissions out of four patients so treated. When combined with standard CHOP therapy using an alternating regime, seven out of 11 patients obtained a complete remission and four partial remission. Ten patients were well, off treatment, beyond one year from presentation. The combination was less impressive, however, as salvage therapy with two partial responses in a heavily pre-treated group of nine patients. PMID- 3245019 TI - Familial Crohn's disease, including spouse. PMID- 3245018 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in the West of Scotland. AB - During the two years 1986 and 1987 83 cases of cryptosporidiosis were identified by the finding of oocysts in the faecal samples submitted to a single microbiology laboratory. There were 58 children and 25 adults. Cryptosporidiosis was the commonest cause of gastrointestinal infection identified in children and the third commonest overall. Spring and autumn peaks were identified. The main symptoms were diarrhoea (median 10 days), vomiting (median seven days), abdominal pain (median seven days) and fever (median three days). A variety of other less common symptoms were noted including reactive arthritis. Three cases occurred during late pregnancy and the puerperium. Contact tracing supported both person to-person transmission and an animal origin for cases within the group. Cryptosporidiosis is shown to be an important cause of traveller's diarrhoea. The incubation period was from two to 11 days. PMID- 3245020 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with polyarthritis. AB - Polyarthritis in lymphomatoid granulomatosis is rare. In the present report we describe a patient with lymphomatoid granulomatosis who presented with an acute inflammatory polyarthritis three years before the typical skin and pulmonary manifestations of the disease became evident. PMID- 3245021 TI - Haemangiopericytoma of the diaphragm. AB - This paper reports the pathological features of a diaphragmatic haemangiopericytoma with a discussion of diagnostic difficulties it may present in relation to other localised mesenchymal tumours of the pleura. The published reports of diaphragmatic haemangiopericytoma in the world english language literature are reviewed. PMID- 3245022 TI - [Esthetic results of surgery in pectus excavatum and causes of recurrence of the deformity]. PMID- 3245023 TI - [Immunologic disorders in children with hemophilia and prolonged lymphadenopathy due to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus]. PMID- 3245024 TI - [Sudden infant death]. PMID- 3245025 TI - [Changes in the clinical picture of rheumatic fever]. PMID- 3245026 TI - [Glycogenosis IB in an infant]. PMID- 3245027 TI - [Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis--a rare manifestation of choledochal cyst]. PMID- 3245028 TI - [Indications for lymphography in carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 3245029 TI - [Osteochondrosis dissecans tali and sports]. AB - 26 out of 38 patients with Osteochondrosis dissecans of the talus and treated surgically were examined in a follow-up. The mean time of this postoperative follow-up after surgery was nearly 56 months. Anamnestic answers show that sport activities besides a sprained ankle joint are two of the most common factors leading to this disease. All patients without sport activities had suffered from a sprained ankle with or without ligamentous ruptur. Most of the disciplines were activities with a strong load for the ankle joints. Besides this no other etiological reason could be found in such a frequency. After surgical treatment 14 of the 22 sportsmen regained their full sport abilities, 7 of them could perform only a limited activity in sports. PMID- 3245030 TI - [Does excessive stress play a role in the development of osteochondrosis dissecans tali?]. AB - At the follow-up examination of 61 patients with Osteochondrosis dissecans tali (OD) we found at 48 of them one or more injuries in the anamnesia. More than 70 percent of them had as an injury mechanism a supination trauma. In case of medial OD the possible cause of an OD is given by the ratio 34 to 12 of trauma and non trauma. The ratio in case of a lateral OD is 14 to 1 and it almost definitely points to overstress being a cause of it. Primary reasons may be here sports, especially football. PMID- 3245031 TI - [Conservative treatment of paratenonitis achillea with suspension dressings]. AB - This is a report on the possibility of employing functional dressing techniques in paratenonitis of the Achilles tendon. The causes for this condition are shown. The main part of the paper deals with the possibilities of conservative treatment. PMID- 3245032 TI - [Factors affecting the pressure distribution underneath the foot sole in ski boots]. AB - The determination of pressure patterns underneath the footsole inside skiboots, may reveal reasons for footpain and injury risk. In our study, a new developed 72 point measuring mat was used in 5 different skiboots. Data were collected in 10 subjects in different forward flexion positions. In addition a determination of the pressure distribution over the instep was done by means of single measuring points. The results proof, that a proper adapting along the dorsum of the foot does lower the forefoot load during flexion. A tightly closed and well adapted boot will lead to a significant reduction of the total load on the footsole. High shaft models show similar pressure patterns even at earlier forward flexion angles. A pressure related discrimination between rear entry and traditional boots, that was found along the tibia, was not the case underneath the footsole. The force transmission is mainly performed along the shaft of the boot. The effect of orthotics designed mainly to support steerability of the ski, is therefore doubtful. The results may help to improve our knowledge of the interaction between boot and skier and lead, together with future field research, to a reduction of equipment related injuries. PMID- 3245033 TI - [Epiphysiolysis of the proximal tibia--an atypical sports injury?]. AB - Epiphyseolysis of the proximal tibia is a most unusual injury. The case reports show that there was no adequate trauma leading to this damage. One has to argue, that disposition could be a predisposing factor. Therapy and prognosis of this injury are presented. PMID- 3245034 TI - [Preventive stabilization of the knee joint by a bandage (brace) in an ice hockey player. Sense or nonsense?]. AB - Braces for the knee are used by more and more First League Players to prevent injury to the knee, whether or not the knee has been injured previously. One player of the National Team wearing braces since last season complained of restricted efficiency. Electromyographical examination of his thigh muscles showed severe neurogenic changes. We concluded to refuse that so-called preventive braces. PMID- 3245035 TI - Intracellular cholesterol accumulation is accompanied by enhanced proliferative activity of human aortic intimal cells. AB - Cholesterol accumulation in smooth muscle cells of unaffected human aortic intimal tissue occurred in the following conditions: (1) incubation of cells with atherogenic blood serum from patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), (2) cultivation of cells in the presence of insoluble associates containing low density lipoprotein (LDL). Preincubation of cells with blood serum from CHD patients resulted in a 2-5-fold increase in intracellular cholesterol and in 1.5 3-fold increase in cellular [3H]thymidine uptake. Blood serum collected from healthy donors had no significant effect on cultivated smooth muscle cells. When intimal cells were preincubated with insoluble associates containing LDL and components of fibrous extracellular matrix, the level of intracellular cholesterol increased from 2-4 times and uptake of [3H]thymidine increased 1.5 2.5-fold. Thus, a strong correlation was found between [3H]thymidine incorporation and intracellular cholesterol accumulation. The current study suggests that intracellular lipid accumulation may stimulate the proliferative activity of human aortic intimal cells from uninvolved tissue. PMID- 3245037 TI - The turkey myogenic satellite cell: optimization of in vitro proliferation and differentiation. AB - Myogenic satellite cells were isolated from the pectoralis major muscle of young growing tom turkeys. These cells were capable of proliferating and forming large multinucleated myotubes in vitro. Of 36 media-sera combinations evaluated, McCoy's 5A medium containing 15% chicken serum (CS) promoted the greatest level of proliferation and subsequent myotube formation when cells were induced to differentiate (P less than 0.05). Myotube formation was maximized following exposure of cultures to Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) containing 1% horse serum (HS; DMEM-1% HS) for 4 days. Satellite cells grown under these conditions generally resulted in cultures containing greater than 90% fused nuclei. Cells plated in the presence of DMEM-10% HS resulted in greater attachment and larger cultures (and consequently a greater fused nuclei number) when transferred to growth media than similarly grown cultures plated in McCoy's 5A medium-10% CS, regardless of substrata tested (P less than 0.05). The greatest proliferation and myotube formation was seen in cultures grown in gelatin-coated wells. Proliferation was maximized in McCoy's 5A medium containing 18% CS, although this was not significantly different than the proliferation with media containing 15% CS (P greater than 0.05). Our results (1) document that the postnatal myogenic satellite cell can be isolated from the turkey in sufficient quantities for biological studies and (2) identify culture conditions which optimize proliferation and differentiation of these cells in vitro. PMID- 3245036 TI - Tissue specific methylation of human Y chromosomal DNA sequences. AB - This report describes two moderately repetitive human Y chromosomal DNA sequences isolated from a flow sorted Y chromosonal library. These sequences are present in XY male and XY female DNAs but absent in XX male and XX female DNAs. Genomic Southern blot analysis against DNAs isolated from different tissues showed tissue specific DNA methylation patterns. In contrast to the 2.1 kb Hae III repeats which are hypomethylated in sperm DNA, the moderately repetitive sequences used in this study are highly methylated in sperm, less methylated in blood and brain and least methylated in placental DNA. PMID- 3245038 TI - The activation of cones in scotopic and rods in photopic vision. AB - Over the whole course of dark adaptation, light- and color detection thresholds were measured. At 6 degrees in the nasal visual field, the effect of wavelength was examined. After the rod-cone break (Kohlrausch kink), the color threshold began to rise while the light threshold was progressively decreasing. The rise of the color threshold was more remarkable as the test wavelength was more close to the peak wavelength for rod sensitivity. With green test light, the sensitivity difference of retinal position was investigated. The rise of the color threshold was more prominent at the retinal position where rods were more densely packed. Finally, the Stiles-Crawford effect was examined with a green test light at 12 degrees in the nasal visual field. This effect appeared for the color threshold over the whole course of dark adaptation but not for the light threshold even before the rod-cone break. It was concluded that the rod activation interferes with cone sensitivity and the interference effect becomes stronger as rods become progressively more dark adapted, and that the rod system is also acting even before the rod-cone break. PMID- 3245039 TI - Small, yet steady secular gain in height and weight of school children in the city of Sendai in past 15 years. AB - Secular changes in height and weight of primary (6th year grade) and junior high (3rd year grade) school children in the city of Sendai during the period of 1973 to 1987 were analyzed in comparison with the counterpart changes in Miyagi prefecture and all Japan. The regression analysis revealed that there was a linear relationship between the year of examination and the measures of height and weight both in boys and girls of primary and junior high schools. The secular gain was very steady, but the annual gain was small, i.e., about one third to one sixth of the counterpart value in 1960-1964 when the secular gain was the largest. Such reduction in secular gain is apparently common throughout the country. Rohrer's and Quetlet's indices stayed essentially unchanged throughout the 15 year study period among the school children in Sendai, in Miyagi and in Japan. PMID- 3245040 TI - The development of the vasculature of the pelvic fin in the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri. AB - The development of the vasculature of the pelvic fin in the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, was studied by the dye-injection method. The primitive iliac artery of the primitive iliocecal artery which originates in the dorsal aorta drains into the posterior cardinal vein. As development proceeds, the primitive iliac artery penetrates the fin anlage, and finally becomes the pelvic fin artery. The chief venous channel in the fin anlage draining into the posterior cardinal vein is the pelvic fin vein. The arterio-venous condition in the pelvic fin anlage in this animal changes successively as follows: 1) one artery and one vein, 2) two arteries and one vein, 3) two arteries and two veins. The postaxial arterial element elongates to be located in the preaxial region, and the postaxial vein is located in the postaxial region from beginning to end. PMID- 3245042 TI - Plasma basal concentration of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) does not increase with ageing in the female Fischer (F-344) conscious rat. AB - Plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were compared for young (6 to 12 month-old) and old (24 to 25 month-old) conscious female Fischer rats by means of a radioimmunoassay. Basal plasma PP concentration was not different between young and old rats, nor was PP release stimulated by cerulein in either age group. The mechanism of PP release in rats is quite different from that in other species such as dogs and humans. PMID- 3245041 TI - Effect of ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) on body sway and walking capacity of hemiparetic stroke patients. AB - Body sway, the total length of the sway of the center of foot pressure (CFP) and maximum walking speed were examined with and without AFO in eight post-stroke hemiparetic patients. Without AFO, the CFP moved towards the non-affected limb and the body sway was large. Wearing AFO, the CFP shifted to the midposition and the body sway became small. Without AFO, the time to walk the prescribed distance was longer, the cadence slower and the steps shorter than with AFO. However, there was no correlation between the improvements in body sway and walking capacity. The AFO compensated only for the instability of the ankle joint but not for the dysfunction of the central nervous system after the stroke. PMID- 3245043 TI - Effects of six topical corticosteroids on DNA synthesis of normal human skin fibroblasts--in vitro evaluation of anti-proliferative possibly anti-inflammatory potencies of corticosteroids. PMID- 3245044 TI - Alterations of cardiac conduction and refractoriness in humans following intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate. PMID- 3245045 TI - Rebound of antibody titer to insulin following rechallenge with thiamazole in a patient with insulin autoimmune syndrome. PMID- 3245046 TI - A case of the A2B3 phenotype. PMID- 3245047 TI - Effects of age and smoking on the disaturated phosphatidylcholine content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PMID- 3245048 TI - Intrastriatal dendrotoxin injection: behavioral and neurochemical effects. AB - Unilateral striatal injection of dendrotoxin (DTX), a polypeptide isolated from the venom of the snake Dendroaspis angusticeps, in rats provoked a complex behavioral syndrome characterized by spontaneous circling towards the contralateral side, stereotypic like chewing movements and gnawing, abnormal postures and convulsions. All these symptoms achieved their maximum on the first day, disappearing during the first week after injection. Neurochemical analyses of striatal monoamines and monoamine metabolites showed a significant increase of dopamine and serotonin metabolites 20 hr after DTX injection. A group of animals sacrificed 15 days after toxin administration showed normal levels of monoamines and their metabolites, except for homovanillic acid levels which were still significantly increased. These data indicate that monoamines are involved in the behavioral syndrome elicited by DTX and are possibly related to its excitatory effect upon brain structures in vivo. PMID- 3245049 TI - Appearance and partial purification of a high molecular weight protein in crabs exposed to saxitoxin. AB - This paper provides evidence for a protein component which appears to be involved in the seasonal resistance of small shore crabs, Hemigrapsus oregonesis and Hemigrapsus nudus to saxitoxin, a principle neurotoxin involved in paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). This unique protein complex was isolated and partially purified by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-cellulose from visceral tissue extracts of resistant crabs. The complex was absent in control crabs that were sensitive to saxitoxin. In addition, the protein complex was induced in the crab after acute administration of low doses of saxitoxin. Results indicate that the protein complex is acidic in nature and has an apparent mol. wt of 145,000. PMID- 3245050 TI - Plasma components are required for platelet activation by the toxin of Loxosceles reclusa. AB - We have used a partially purified toxin from the venom of the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, to study its effects on human platelets isolated from plasma proteins. This toxin, which produced skin necrosis in rabbits, contained sphingomyelinase D activity. The toxin induced platelet aggregation and secretion of [3H]serotonin in human plasma but not in buffer or in human neonate plasma. Ca2+ was required for the interaction of toxin, platelets, and plasma factor(s). The addition of C-reactive protein restored aggregation and serotonin release of platelets incubated in human neonate plasma. The ADP-degrading enzyme, apyrase, and the non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, inhibited platelet aggregation, suggesting that ADP secreted from platelet storage granules and indomethacin-sensitive pathway(s) are involve in the toxin-induced human platelet activation (aggregation and serotonin release). Generation of platelet activating factor (PAF) from the platelet by brown recluse toxin is not likely since the PAF receptor antagonist, BN 52021, did not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by the brown recluse toxin. PMID- 3245051 TI - Variation in venom proteins from isolated populations of tiger snakes (Notechis ater niger, N. scutatus) in South Australia. AB - Pooled venom of peninsula tiger snakes (Notechis ater niger) from 11 insular populations and one mainland area, and from a single population of the mainland tiger snake (N. scutatus) were subjected to SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography. At least 20 proteins were resolved in the SDS-PAGE, some of which were common to all populations, but many others were highly variable. Elution profiles produced through gel filtration showed a clustering of some populations with like profiles, while others had distinctive patterns. Similarities and dissimilarities between each population venom profile were appraised. Variation in the venom patterns was independent of prey type or local ecology. Statistical analysis of the SDS-PAGE banding patterns suggests that grouping of populations was dependent on their relative geographic position and the time of isolation of each population from one another and the mainland population. PMID- 3245052 TI - Purification and characterization of a lethal factor in venom from the crown-of thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci). AB - A lethal factor in venom of the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) was obtained in an electrophoretically pure state by chromatography on CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The purified lethal factor is a basic (pI 10.6) glycoprotein (carbohydrate content 3.5%). The mol. wt was estimated to be 20,000 by gel filtration or 25,000 by SDS-disc electrophoresis, suggesting that the lethal factor has no subunit structure. Despite its basicity, the lethal factor was richer in acidic amino acids than in basic amino acids. The lethal factor had an LD50 of 0.43 mg/kg (i.p. injection into mice). Hemolytic, edema-forming and capillary permeability-increasing activities, though very weak, were also exhibited by the lethal factor, while hemorrhagic and phospholipase A activities were not present. PMID- 3245053 TI - Toxic coral reef crabs from Australian waters. AB - Six species of crab collected from coral reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, yielded extracts of water soluble toxins lethal to mice by i.p. injection. These species have not previously been reported as toxic. They are Phymodius ungulatus, Pilodius areolatus, Leptodius sanguineus (Xanthidae), Grapsus albolineatus (Grapsidae), Thalamita stimpsoni and Thalamita wakensis (Portunidae). Extracts of T. stimpsoni contained gonyautoxin-1. PMID- 3245054 TI - Human poisoning by ingestion of a sea hare (Dolabella auricularia). AB - A case-report of poisoning by ingestion of a sea hare, which is thought to be the first report of human poisoning, is presented. The clinical signs were mainly neurological with tremor, psychomotor over-activity, ataxia and muscle twitching being predominant. It is suggested that organic bromine compounds are responsible for the effects. PMID- 3245055 TI - No effect of modulators of reactive oxygen-induced pathology on microcystin-LR intoxication. AB - Because reactive oxygen species are formed during the metabolism of several toxins that cause similar pathologic changes, we hypothesized that compounds that alter the concentration of reactive oxygen species would alter the toxic effects of the peptide-hepatotoxin produced principally by Microcystis aeruginosa. Pretreatment with alloxan, butylated hydroxyanisole or desferrioxamine did not alter the severity of microcystin-LR intoxication in fed mice. Furthermore, fasting mice for 24 hr before testing, which unmasks lipid peroxidation in paracetamol intoxication, did not alter the effect of butylated hydroxyanisole pretreatment. PMID- 3245056 TI - Preparation of a polyvalent antivenom against various Mexican scorpion Centruroides species. AB - Antisera were obtained from rabbits injected with four different immunogens from the Mexican scorpion Centruroides suffusus suffusus i.e. the crude venom, a telson extract, a toxic fraction obtained from this telson extract by gel filtration and the same toxic fraction subjected to acetylation. The neutralizing capacity of these antisera are compared: it appears that a telson extract can be used instead of the crude venom to produce an efficient antiserum. The immunological properties of ground telsons obtained from three other species of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides (Centruroides noxius, Centruroides limpidus limpidus, Centruroides limpidus tecomanus) are studied with the antisera raised against Centruroides suffusus suffusus immunogens: an almost total cross neutralization is observed. PMID- 3245057 TI - Improved preparation of T-2 toxin-protein conjugates. AB - T-2 toxin (T-2) was converted into T-2 hemisuccinate (T-2 HS), T-2 hemiglutarate (T-2 HG) and T-2 hemiphthalate (T-2 HP), and conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (OVA) and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) using carbodiimide under various conditions. The recovery of T-2 conjugated proteins and the amount of T-2 bound were largely dependent on the amount of coupling reagent, pH, reaction temperature, buffer and reaction time. In regard to T-2 derivatives binding with a protein, T-2 HG was the most efficient, followed by T-2 HS and then T-2 HP. With regard to T-2 to protein binding, KLH was the most efficient, followed by BSA and then OVA. To promote T-2-protein binding, phosphate-buffered saline was more effective than cacodylate buffer. Within a pH range of 5.5-7.0, weakly acidic conditions were more efficient than neutral conditions for promoting T-2-protein binding. PMID- 3245058 TI - Biological properties of Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus (shore pit viper) venom and its fractions. AB - The toxic and biological activities of four samples of Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus venom were examined. The lethality, protein composition and biological activities of the four venom samples were similar. Three of the venom samples had LD50 (i.v.) values of 0.9 micrograms/g while the fourth had a lower LD50 (i.v.) of 0.45 micrograms/g. All four venom samples exhibited hemorrhagic, edema-inducing, anticoagulant and thrombin-like activities as well as the usual enzymes found in crotalid venoms. DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatographic fractionation of the venom yielded 10 protein fractions. Only two fractions (fractions A and F) were lethal to mice; the major lethal fraction being fraction F. This fraction had an LD50 (i.v.) of 0.2 micrograms/g and exhibited hemorrhagic, edema-inducing and thrombin-like activity. It also exhibited phospholipase A, arginine ester hydrolase, arginine amidase, protease, 5' nucleotidase, acetylcholinesterase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities. The lethal potency of fraction F is potentiated by fraction G, which exhibited anticoagulant activity as well as hemorrhagic, edema-inducing and enzymatic activities. Fractions F plus G account for almost 100% of the lethal potency of the venom. PMID- 3245059 TI - Structural and histochemical features of cortical thymic epithelial cells in mice with chemically-induced lymphoid leukemia. AB - Ultrastructural, enzyme histochemical (acide phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, neutral 5'-nucleotidase) and immunohistochemical (cytokeratins with monoclonal antibodies BH11 and BC3) features of the thymus cortical epithelial cells of leukemic DBA/2 inbred mice have been studied. In the leukemic mice epithelial cells appeared possessing some ultrastructural and histochemical features of cell activation. Lympho-epithelial complexes, composed mainly of BH11 and BC3 immunoreactive cells and of lymphoid cells were subcapsulary and subseptally found. It is discussed on the eventual involvement of the lympho epithelial complexes in the intrathymic leukemogenesis during lymphoid leukemia. PMID- 3245060 TI - Phosphatidylcholine synthesis; which route is taken? PMID- 3245061 TI - Allostery, information and reductionism. PMID- 3245062 TI - Is biochemistry irreducible to chemistry? PMID- 3245063 TI - Thoughts on organization. PMID- 3245064 TI - On reductionism. PMID- 3245065 TI - Cadherins: a family of Ca2+-dependent adhesion molecules. PMID- 3245066 TI - Tetrodotoxin. PMID- 3245067 TI - Amphitropic proteins: a new class of membrane proteins. PMID- 3245068 TI - Lignin degradation. PMID- 3245069 TI - Ureide catabolism in nitrogen-fixing legumes. PMID- 3245070 TI - The molecular genetics of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: the beginning of the end? PMID- 3245071 TI - X-linked muscular dystrophy in the dog. PMID- 3245072 TI - New bombesin antagonist shown to have 'encouraging profile'. PMID- 3245073 TI - Molecular mechanism of general anaesthetic action? PMID- 3245074 TI - Multiple t-tests are appropriate in science. PMID- 3245075 TI - Data normalization before statistical analysis: keeping the horse before the cart. PMID- 3245076 TI - Spectral analysis of fluctuations in cardiovascular parameters: a quantitative tool for the investigation of autonomic control. PMID- 3245077 TI - Time and space--novel aspects of hormone action. PMID- 3245078 TI - Pharmacokinetics of alcohol and the law. PMID- 3245079 TI - Drug-receptor interactions and drug design. PMID- 3245080 TI - Pharmacokinetic parameter estimation with a hand-held programmable calculator. PMID- 3245081 TI - Interrelationship between Na+ and Ca2+ metabolism in hypertension. PMID- 3245082 TI - Multiple modes of protein kinase C regulation and their significance in signalling. PMID- 3245083 TI - Now you'll start yawning and you won't know why. PMID- 3245084 TI - Liquid secondary ion MS: an emerging technique. PMID- 3245085 TI - A generally useful modification of ALLFIT that facilitates the fitting of null equations to dose-response curves. PMID- 3245087 TI - May the force be with you. PMID- 3245086 TI - This and that: clots, creamers and canals. PMID- 3245088 TI - [Differential decondensation of mitotic chromosomes during the hypotonic treatment of cells as a possible cause of G-banding]. AB - Chinese hamster metaphase chromosomes were studied after treating the cells with a hypotonic 0.075 M KCl solution, routinely used for differential staining of chromosomes. After the incubation of cells in KCl for 5 seconds-40 minutes and fixation with glutaraldehyde, the chromosomes displayed DNP fibrils about 20 nm in diameter. These fibrils were unevenly packed along the chromosomal arms and formed sites of differential density. In sister chromatids, the even density sites were located symmetrically. The use of serial ultrathin sections of marker chromosomes (e.g., chromosomes with a telomeric disposition of nucleolar organizing regions) made it possible to establish a good correlation between the sites with the light packing of DNP-fibrils and G-bands, identified in the same chromosomes by the standard Giemsa-staining technique. Fixation of the KCl incubated cells with the methanol: glacial acetic acid (3:1) solution did not change the DNP packing heterogeneity. The chromosomal banding state is reversible, for with the transfer of cells from KCl to the normal cultural medium the chromosomes become homogeneous in length. Thus, the data obtained allow to propose that the capacity of chromosomes for differential staining may be based on an uneven sensitivity of G- and R-bands to the decondensing effect of hypotonic treatment. PMID- 3245089 TI - [Early and late changes in potassium transport during the start of proliferation in CHO cell cultures. The action of serum, isoproterenol, propranolol and theophylline]. AB - The stimulation of DNA synthesis by serum is accompanied by early (30 minutes) and late (2-8 hours) increase in ouabain-sensitive rubidium (potassium) influx and the elevation of intracellular potassium content from 0.5-0.6 to 0.7-0.8 mmole per gram protein in CHO-K1 cells. Isoproterenol alone induces the transient increase both in potassium influx via Na,K-ATPase and in potassium efflux without any effect on intracellular potassium content and cell proliferation. Isoproterenol acts synergistically with serum in eliciting the early and late changes in potassium transport and in stimulating G1----S transition. The combination of serum and theophylline produces a rapid increase in potassium influx, however, it does not stimulate DNA synthesis and does not induce any later increase in intracellular potassium content. It is concluded that early and late activation of Na,K-ATPase by mitogens can be dissociated; the Na,K-ATPase activation is involved in mitogenic response when producing the sustained potassium influx and the elevation of intracellular potassium content during G1-- -S transition. PMID- 3245090 TI - [Cytometric method of determining the parameters of the interaction of synthetic immunostimulants with the lymphocytic surface]. AB - The cytofluorimetric method was suggested for the determination of parameters of polymer adsorption on the cellular surface. Multiple equilibrium in the homogeneous cellular population with N independent binding sites and in the heterogeneous population of cells with the Poisson distribution of adsorption sites was analysed. A possibility was shown of cytofluorimetric drawing of the adsorption isotherm using mean fluorescence intensity of cells in the equilibrium suspension. The equilibrium association constant and the mean number of binding sites were estimated for adsorption of poly-L-lysin on the surface of human myelogenous leukemic cells (cellular line K-252). PMID- 3245091 TI - [Karyotypes of 5 species of Soricidae-Crocidura in the fauna of the USSR]. AB - The chromosomes of five Crocidura species have been studied by means of routine, G-, C- and Ag NOR-banding techniques. The karyotypes of the species with 2n = 40, i.e. C. gueldenstaedtii, C. suaveolens and C. sibirica, are identical. Short arms of the Y-chromosome of C. sibirica are larger. The karyotypes of C. leucodon (2n = 28) and C. zarudnyi (2n = 22) could be obtained as a result of tandem and centric fusion and pericentric inversions. Small amounts of heterochromatin were detected in autosomes of the species investigated. The Y-chromosomes are completely heterochromatic. Four NOR-bearing pairs are detected in the species investigated. PMID- 3245092 TI - [Vitamin A prevents an increase in epitheliocyte adhesion induced by carcinogens in the epidermis of rats and the large intestine of mice]. AB - The data obtained suggest that high doses of vitamin A may prevent from the carcinogen-induced increase in adhesion between mature cells in the rat epidermis and murine colon. PMID- 3245093 TI - [Analysis of the surface properties of the cells of 2 sublines by using a 2-phase polymer system]. AB - Cells of two monolayer sublines of HeLa (HeLa M and HeLa Ohio) were investigated using countercurrent distribution in the two-phase polymer system. Cells of both the sublines show significant difference in partition coefficient. In parallel, some distinction was found in protein composition of plasma membrane of the cells investigated. PMID- 3245094 TI - [Comparative study of protein kinase C in the normal rat liver and in Zajdela's hepatoma. I. Electrophoretic analysis]. AB - The heterogeneity of protein kinase C (PKC) derived from rat liver and the Zajdela hepatoma was studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Proteins with PKC-activity of molecular weight equal to 67,000 Da and 80,000 Da and an active fragment of 50,000 Da were detected in samples from the normal rat liver. The samples from the Zajdela hepatoma contained PKC with molecular weight equal to 67,000 Da and the active fragment of 50,000 Da. PKC with molecular weight of 80,000 Da was absent. PMID- 3245095 TI - [Recovery of the viability of Chinese hamster V79-4 cells after combined exposure to hyperthermia and radiation]. AB - The survival of cells overheated (42 degrees C) before gamma irradiation is increased by holding them in the growth medium at 37 degrees C before treatment with hypertonic NaCl solution. The substantial synergistic effect of hyperthermia and radiation takes place when the cells are treated with a 1.5 M NaCl solution immediately after the combined action of these inactivating factors. The synergistic effect is decreased by holding the cells in the nutrient medium at 37 degrees C for 4 hours before hypertonic treatment. PMID- 3245097 TI - [DNA repair in mammalian nerve cells. II. DNA synthesis in neurons, induced by gamma-irradiation of isolated rat neocortex slices]. AB - DNA synthesis was studied in the neocortex neurons of 0-, 14- and 60-day old rats after gamma-irradiation in vitro of isolated slices of the neocortex on determining 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Gamma-irradiation (20 Grays) increases levels of DNA synthesis for all the age groups of animals examined. The induced DNA synthesis in neurons of newborn rats is higher than that in 14- and 60-day old animals. Specificity of DNA synthesis in the process of nerve cell differentiation is discussed. PMID- 3245096 TI - [Ultrastructural features of the nucleus and cytoplasm of rat trophoblast cells of the connective zone of the placenta and labyrinth]. AB - Ultrastructural organization of the rat trophoblast cells in the connective zone of placenta and labyrinth was investigated on the 12-14th days of gestation. A clear distinction was revealed in the cytoplasm ultrastructure of two cell subpopulations within the connective zone of placenta, i.e. glycogen and trophospongium cells. The former display a well defined network of long thin channels of granular endoplasmic reticulum situated mainly around the glycogen clusters. On the contrary, the latter are rich in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum but lacking glycogen accumulation. Differences in the nucleolar ultrastructure in these two cell subpopulations are not very considerable. A characteristic feature of glycogen cells is the presence of numerous round or oval small-fibrillar nucleolus-like bodies with the diameter of granules 20 nm. The trophoblast cells of the labyrinth are heavily laden with polysomes, which sometimes attach to short channels of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Not often there occur short profiles of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleolus-like bodies are found in all the cell types examined. This means that the nucleolus-like bodies may arise not only on the lampbrush chromosomes in the oocytes or polytene chromosomes, but also in the somatic cells which are capable of dividing mitotically. PMID- 3245098 TI - [Effect of cultivation conditions on the karyotype structure of a cell subline of the kangaroo rat kidney]. AB - Variations in cultivation conditions were found to exert influence on the distribution of cells for chromosome number by changing the modal class. The change of the HMEM medium for the EMEM medium during 2-6 passages results in the appearance of a new modal class with 16 chromosomes. The change in the chromosome number is preferably due to the loss of one X chromosome within the main structural variant of the karyotype (MSVK). On the other hand, the change of the HMEM medium for the F12 medium during 4-6 passages does not affect the cell distribution for the chromosome number. A comparative analysis of the total frequency of the MSVK cells and that of MSVK cells of the modal class showed that the karyotypic changes took place in all the variants, both in the modal class and beyond it due to other additive SVK. An exception is the variant NBLD (change of HMEM for the F12 during 6 passages). In this case chromosome changes occur mostly in the modal class, primarily due to the redistribution of chromosomes in groups. In all the variants there is an insignificant frequency of chromosomes, morphologically different from the MSVK. This confirms the findings according to which chromosomal changeability in the NBLD may be associated mostly with the change in the number of homologous chromosomes rather than with chromosomal aberrations. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations is the same in all the variants examined. The dependence of karyotypic characteristics on culture media mentioned above indicate that care should be taken in choice of culture conditions for permanent cell lines. PMID- 3245099 TI - [A histochemical method for detecting xanthine oxidase activity in the liver]. AB - A histochemical method is described for localizing xanthine oxidase--the key enzyme in the purine catabolic pathway. The above method is based on the reduction of p-Nitroblue tetrazolium during hypoxanthine enzymatic oxidation, phenazine methosulfate being an intermediate electron acceptor. The patterns of the reaction product distribution suggest that the Kupffer cells and the sinusoidal endothelium possess the highest xanthine oxidase activity. PMID- 3245100 TI - Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma: a rare cause of adrenal pseudotumor on CT and MRI. AB - Numerous causes of adrenal pseudotumors have been previously described based on computed tomography findings, (CT) with normal anatomical structures being more common causes than extraadrenal neoplasms. This case describes a rare retroperitoneal tumor: a primary vascular leiomyosarcoma arising from the renal hilus, which mimicked an adrenal malignancy on CT and magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3245101 TI - Pelvic lipomatosis: diagnosis and characterization by magnetic resonance imaging. AB - While the number of reported cases of pelvic lipomatosis has been relatively small, this entity's prevalence is probably underestimated. Disease progression can cause hydroureteronephrosis and renal failure, and clinical follow-up is mandated after diagnosis. Diagnosis is based on detection of characteristic findings in conventional radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) images. We report here the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of pelvic lipomatosis in 5 male patients, 2 of whom ultimately required placement of a ureteral stent to alleviate mechanical obstruction. Multiplanar MRI not only allows diagnostic confirmation comparable to that possible with CT but also provides delineation of cephalad displacement of the bladder base, elongation of the bladder neck and posterior urethra, and elevation of the prostate gland. The MR images show characteristic medial and superior displacement of the seminal vesicles and show fatty tissue separating the prostate gland from the rectum. The noninvasive nature and low biological risk of MRI are desirable features, particularly when serial evaluation of pelvic anatomic distortion is necessary. PMID- 3245102 TI - Povidone-iodine sclerosis of pelvic lymphoceles: a prospective study. AB - Twelve patients presented for percutaneous catheter drainage of 13 postoperative pelvic lymphoceles. Six patients with 7 lymphoceles were treated with povidone iodine sclerosis prior to catheter removal. Only 1 lymphocele (which continued to drain large amounts of fluid during and after the sclerosis procedure) recurred. Six patients with 6 lymphoceles had their percutaneous catheters removed without sclerosis. Fluid collections recurred in 3 instances, necessitating repeat percutaneous drainage (2 patients) or surgery (1 patient). Percutaneous therapy is the treatment of choice for patients with postoperative lymphoceles. Povidone iodine sclerosis is often effective in preventing reaccumulation of fluid once the lymphocele cavity is collapsed. PMID- 3245103 TI - Duplicated urethra communicating with the seminal vesicle. AB - This article describes the first case of a duplicated urethra in which the accessory urethra drained the seminal vesicle, and suggests a possible embryologic basis for the anomaly. PMID- 3245104 TI - Epizootiology of endoparasitic infections in pet dogs and cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital. AB - Prevalences of, and risk factors associated with, protozoan and helminth parasite infections were determined for pet dogs and cats presented to the teaching hospital of the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. Of 2294 canine fecal specimens, 34.8% were found to contain one or more kinds of parasite, consisting of: hookworms (14.4%); Trichuris vulpis (12.3%); Giardia (7.2%); ascarids (5.5%); coccidia (2.7%); cestodes (1.6%). The following risk factors were identified with infection in dogs: age less than 2 years; urban locality; male sex. Gonadectomy was associated with decreased parasite prevalences in both male and female dogs. Significant seasonal variations in prevalences of hookworm, ascarid and Giardia infections were found in dogs. Of 452 feline fecal specimens tested, 24.6% were positive for parasites, including: ascarids (16.4%); Giardia (3.5%); coccidia (2.9%); cestodes (2.4%); hookworm (1.1%). Host age of less than 2 years was a significant risk factor associated with parasitism in cats. Of 1571 dogs tested for Dirofilaria immitis microfilaremia, 3.7% were positive. Non-urban locality was a significant risk factor for D. immitis infection in dogs. PMID- 3245105 TI - Prevalence of hydatidosis in donkeys from central Jordan. AB - One hundred and twenty-two donkeys from central Jordan were necropsied during the months of June, July and August 1985 and 21 (17.2%) showed evidence of hydatidosis. No donkeys less than 3 years of age were infected, whereas 36.8% (21/57) aged greater than or equal to 3 years were infected. Among the infected donkeys 57.1% (12/21) were hepatic infections, 33.3% (7/21) were hepatopulmonary and 9.5% were pulmonary. Fertile cysts were observed in 47.6% (10/21) of cases. The majority of cysts observed, 67.7% (132/195), were non-fertile immature miliary cysts, and 10.8% (21/195) were necrotic and calcified. The number of miliary cysts on the liver surfaces varied between 5 and 22 (mean = 15 +/- 0.82 s.e.m.). The number of fertile liver cysts varied from 1 to 15 (mean = 3.36 +/- 0.37 s.e.m.). Variable volumes of cyst fluid were found ranging from 0.1 to 132 ml. PMID- 3245106 TI - Evaluation of excretory-secretory antigens for the serodiagnosis of swine trichinellosis. AB - Groups of hog sera from endemic and non-endemic areas for swine trichinellosis in Yugoslavia were tested by ELISA using excretory-secretory (ES) antigens collected from T. spiralis muscle larvae maintained in vitro for 24, 48 or 72 h. The 24-h ES had the highest level of specificity for T. spiralis infection. Antigen preparations recovered after 48 or 72 h yielded an increasing rate of false positive reactions. Additional antigens occurred in the 48- and 72-h ES preparations as determined by gel electrophoresis and monoclonal antibody binding. The occurrence of false-negative reactions was directly correlated with T. spiralis worm burdens. Hogs with muscle larvae densities greater than 10 larvae per gram were all positive by ELISA. Among 17 hogs with less than 10 larvae per gram, only one hog was negative by ELISA with 24-h ES antigen; the false-negative rate was higher with 48- and 72-h ES. These results show that ES antigen produced during the first 24 h of in vitro cultivation is highly specific for the immunodiagnosis of swine trichinellosis. PMID- 3245107 TI - Selection of ivermectin-resistant Trichostrongylus colubriformis in lambs. AB - A mixed population of Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis was passed for four generations through lambs. In successive passages and on Day 6 (D6), lambs were dosed subcutaneously with ivermectin at 100, 200, 250 and 225 micrograms kg-1 body weight, respectively. No larvae of H. contortus were recovered after the first passage and following the third drug exposure only T. colubriformis was present. Larvae of the selected strain of T. colubriformis developed to third stage, sheathed larvae in vitro in concentrations of ivermectin that inhibited development of larvae from the original strain of T. colubriformis. A definitive control test was then run with 45 lambs, to compare this selected strain to the original strain. The treatments were 150 micrograms kg-1 subcutaneous (SC) D6, 200 micrograms kg-1 SC D6, 200 micrograms kg-1 intraruminal (IR) D6 and 200 micrograms kg-1 SC D21; all treatments were compared to non-treated controls, selected or original strain as applicable. The D6 IR and D6 SC 150 micrograms kg-1 treatments were greater than 99% effective in both strains, although the D6 SC 200 micrograms kg-1 treatment was 85 and 48% effective in the original and selected strain, respectively. The D21 200 micrograms kg-1 was only 58% effective against the selected strain. There was significant (P less than 0.001) differences between the original and selected strains of T. colubriformis for both fecal egg output and worm counts. The exposure of four generations of immature T. colubriformis to ivermectin selected for partial resistance. PMID- 3245108 TI - The effect of the brown ear-tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus on the growth of Sanga and European breed cattle. AB - The effects of larvae, nymphs and adults of the brown ear-tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus on the growth of Bos indicus X B. taurus (Sanga) steers and on B. taurus steers and heifers was measured by exposing groups, maintained in the same pastures, to different levels of tick challenge. Larvae and nymphs had no significant effect on liveweight gains, but adults had a large effect. Each engorging female tick counted was associated with a loss of 4 g. Their effect on the Sanga cattle was minimised by host resistance which severely limited the number of ticks feeding on them. The B. taurus animals were severely affected and suffered extensive ear damage. Both breeds were subjected to screw-worm fly (Chrysomya bezziana) strike in the lesions caused by heavy tick infestations, but the B. taurus animals were much more prone to attack. The results provide a basis for calculating losses in production caused by this species of tick which is widespread in Africa. PMID- 3245109 TI - The morphometrics of Babesia motasi (Wales) and its transmission by Haemaphysalis punctata (Canestrini and Fanzago 1877) to sheep. AB - Babesia motasi (Wales) was transmitted to sheep by larvae, nymphs and adult female Haemaphysalis punctata ticks which were either collected from rough grazing pasture, at Mynydd Mawr, Aberdaron, North Wales, or from laboratory cultures derived from ticks collected at the above site. Both transovarial and transstadial transmission of infection were demonstrated. Only larvae were shown to pick up infection. The parasite could not be demonstrated in intact sheep, either in blood films or following passage of whole blood from intact into splenectomised sheep. Organisms were detectable only in peripheral blood following blood transmission between splenectomised animals or in splenectomised sheep which were tick-infested. In such sheep a parasitaemia occurred 8-9 days after infected ticks started to feed and was accompanied by a mild fever. Splenectomised animals which recovered from acute infection remained as subclinical carriers but infection was eliminated with Ludobal, rendering animals resusceptible to infection. Morphological studies indicated that B. motasi (Wales) is similar to descriptions of isolates in Sweden, Holland and W. Germany but unlike an isolate from Turkey. The most common form is is a double pyriform with a mean length of 2.234 micron. PMID- 3245110 TI - Toxoplasmosis in black-faced kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus melanops). AB - An epizootic of toxoplasmosis among captive black-faced kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus melanops) is reported. Eight of 25 adult kangaroos had antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Serologic data indicated recent exposure to T. gondii in six kangaroos. Two kangaroos had high T. gondii antibody titers (greater than or equal to 16,384) in the modified agglutination test and their infants died when less than 7 months old. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were found in several organs of one infant kangaroo (joey) that died at about 82 days of age and numerous cysts were seen in skeletal muscles of the other joey that died at about 7 months of age. Adult kangaroos had subclinical infections. The modified agglutination test and the dye test were more sensitive than the indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination tests for the detection of T. gondii antibodies in kangaroo sera. PMID- 3245111 TI - Indicators of lead, zinc and cadmium exposure in cattle. I. Results in a polluted area. AB - Dairy cattle on a farm located in the vicinity of a lead and zinc-ore processing factory were studied over 21 mo and compared with cattle on a control farm. Mean daily intakes of lead from the diet were 4.3 mg/kg body weight, with great variations; mean daily zinc intakes were 5.6 mg/kg body weight; and mean daily cadmium intakes were 0.064 mg/kg body weight. The 3 major indicators of contamination were blood lead concentrations, with mean values of 50 micrograms/100 ml of blood, zinc protoporphyrin with mean values of 165 micrograms/100 ml blood, and lead concentrations in hair which averaged 10 micrograms/g. Blood zinc concentrations and zinc concentrations were not significantly increased. One cow developed fatal post-partum paralysis. Liver, kidney and bone lead concentrations and kidney cadmium concentrations were good "post-mortem" indicators of exposure. PMID- 3245112 TI - Relative toxicity of metabolites of benzene in mice. AB - Repeated ip administration of hydroquinone (10 mg/kg/day), benzoquinone (2 mg/kg/day) or benzenetriol (6.25 mg/kg/day) to rats for 6 weeks produced significant decreases in RBC and bone marrow cell counts and hemoglobin content, together with relative changes in organ weights. In addition, benzoquinone and benzenetriol elicited histological injuries in liver, thymus, spleen, kidney and peripheral lymph nodes which warrant further investigation. PMID- 3245113 TI - Kerosene aspiration: immediate and early pulmonary and cardiovascular effects. AB - Hydrocarbon aspiration is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in both children and domestic animals. To better understand the pathogenesis of hydrocarbon poisoning, we evaluated the effects of aspiration of 0.5 ml/kg of kerosene on various pulmonary and cardiovascular variables over a 4-hr period in a canine model. Heart rate and blood pressure decreased immediately after kerosene aspiration but returned to control values within 60 min. Respiratory rate and intrapulmonary shunting were increased and PaO2 was decreased for up to 4 hr after kerosene aspiration. PaCO2 increased and pH decreased immediately after aspiration but returned to baseline within 45 and 90 min, respectively. Intrapleural pressure became more negative after kerosene was aspirated, which suggests that total lung compliance was diminished. Kerosene aspiration resulted in severe and persistent intrapulmonary physiologic shunting, hypoxemia, bradycardia, and hypotension. PMID- 3245114 TI - Formulas predicting carboxyhemoglobin resulting from carbon monoxide exposure. AB - A microcomputer program in BASIC for predicting the percent carboxyhemoglobin of blood in men exposed to carbon monoxide is designed. Formulas used in this program are derived from the data reported by Forbes, Sargent and Roughton. A general formula previously published by the author expresses the mathematical relationship among the intensity of a stressor, the time of exposure, and the occurrence of a biological response. This formula is implemented in this study, using carbon monoxide as the specific stressor. Analysis of the reported and the computer-assisted predicted data has shown that the program for the constructed formulas is fairly accurate and reliable in expressing carboxyhemoglobin as a function of the air CO concentration and the time of exposure. The predictive formulas can determine the relationship among the carbon monoxide concentration in air, the time of exposure, and the percent carboxyhemoglobin level of blood, and may be of value in industry, in environmental protection and in medicine. PMID- 3245115 TI - Isolation of a steroidal sapogenin from the bile of a sheep fed Agave lecheguilla. PMID- 3245116 TI - Determination of embutramide in mammalian tissues. AB - T-61 is a commonly used euthanasic agent containing N-[2-[m-methoxyphenyl)-2 ethyl-buty1(1)]-gamma-hydroxybutyramid e (embutramide), 4,4'methylenebis(cyclohexyl-trimethylammonium iodide), and tetracaine hydrochloride. In order to confirm the exposure of animals and man to T-61, a procedure was developed for identification and quantification of embutramide in tissues and body fluids. Tissue was homogenized in acetonitrile (CH3CN) and the drug partitioned into methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) from aqueous CH3CN at neutral pH and at pH 9. The drug was purified by gel permeation chromatography in cyclohexane/CH2Cl2 (85:15). Embutramide was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on a 0.25 mm x 15 m fused silica capillary column of 0.25 micron DB 5, programmed from 215 to 275 degrees C at 25 degrees/min with El ionization at 70 ev. Quantification was selected ion monitoring of m/z 135, 190 and 293. Embutramide was examined in brain, lung, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, urine, bile, eye fluid and blood of bovine, canine, caprine, feline, ovine and porcine species. PMID- 3245117 TI - The interactive effects of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) trypsin inhibitor, hemagglutinin and cyanide on some hepatic dehydrogenases, ornithine carbamoyltransferase and intestinal disaccharidases in weanling rats. AB - The interactive effects of lima bean trypsin inhibitor (TI), hemagglutinin (Hgg) and cyanide (CN) when fed at the same degree of activity as found in the raw lima bean (RLB) were assessed in weanling rats using hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) and intestinal disaccharidases activities as the response criteria. Whereas RLB significantly (P less than 0.05) increased hepatic GLDH and decreased ICDH activities respectively, dietary CN, TI and Hgg whether acting individually or jointly had no significant influence on GLDH. Only the CN-containing diets significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated ICDH activity when compared with the control. Raw lima bean significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed OCT activity while neither the individual nor collective effects of these factors were significant. Dietary CN + TI + Hgg interaction depressed maltase activity to approximately the same extent as RLB in all the intestinal regions. These factors had neither individual nor collective effects on sucrase in the small intestine. Lactase activity in the small intestine was influenced only by the RLB diet, while CN + Hgg, and CN + TI + Hgg dietary combinations induced significant (P less than 0.05) elevations in the activities of cellobiase when compared with the control. Although synergism of action is indicated in a number of instances, it is suggested that these factors may need to combine with others within the bean, perhaps synergistically, to elicit comparable anti-nutritional influences as the RLB. PMID- 3245118 TI - The acute toxicity of methoxydihydropyran. PMID- 3245120 TI - The adsorption of metronidazole and tinidazole to activated charcoal and the effect of magnesium sulfate. AB - The effect of magnesium sulfate on the in vitro adsorption of metronidazole and tinidazole to activated charcoal was studied. Solutions of metronidazole and tinidazole were prepared at low concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25.0 and 50 micrograms/ml and at simulated toxic concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10 mg/ml in distilled water. Drug charcoal slurries were vortex-mixed, centrifuged and analyzed for free drug. Metronidazole gave adsorption capacities of 62.2 82.7% with 50 and 200 mg activated charcoal. Fifty and 200 mg activated charcoal adsorbed 80-90% of tinidazole. Metronidazole at 0.5 mg/ml had 16.7, 30.0, 56.7, 75.0 and 83.3% adsorption with 12.5, 50, 125, 250 and 500 mg charcoal respectively. There was a corresponding increase in the adsorption of metronidazole and tinidazole at the increasing concentrations of activated charcoal. The adsorption of metronidazole and tinidazole also seemed to be dose dependent. Magnesium sulfate (7.5 mg/ml) enhanced the adsorption of metronidazole to activated charcoal, but had no effect on tinidazole-charcoal adsorption. PMID- 3245119 TI - Indicators of lead, zinc and cadmium exposure in cattle: II. Controlled feeding and recovery. AB - Two pre-exposed and 2 normal heifers were fed lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) polluted hay (500 g/100 kg body weight) over a 17-week period. They were then examined over a 10-month period (42 or 38 weeks) to study the decay of the indicators of exposure. The elimination pattern of blood Pb and Zn protoporphyrin concentrations displayed a very slow decay. A bi-exponential equation, with the half-times of the fast component set at approximately 1 week, and the half-times of the slow component set from 3 mo to 2 years, was fitted to blood Pb levels. In man, the half-life of the slow component is still longer (2 to 15 years). This slow elimination rate represents release of Pb from skeleton, which in bovines, may accumulate up to 100 ppm Pb/dry or more. Lead concentrations in the hair were not proportionate to the areas under the curves of blood Pb levels; there was the same lack of correlation concerning skeleton and viscerae Pb levels. The withdrawal of contaminated hay from the diet resulted in a significant increase in blood copper. This is in accordance with the depressive effect of Pb and Zn on the bioavailability of this metal. PMID- 3245121 TI - In vitro evaluation of isolated turkey cardiac muscle function. AB - Turkey papillary muscles can function in an isolated chamber containing oxygenated, pH-regulated, modified Krebs-Henseleit solutions. Experiments were conducted for up to 6 hr without dimunition of muscle function. Our data indicate that different calcium concentrations affect muscle contraction and relaxation velocities, load values, and latencies. This controlled in vitro biological assay system can be used in further studies to evaluate species specific cardiac toxins or drugs. PMID- 3245122 TI - Taxus (yews)--a highly toxic plant. PMID- 3245123 TI - Poison centers: a resource for occupational health services. PMID- 3245124 TI - Accidental childhood poisoning: influence of the type of caretaker on etiology and risk. AB - The primary audience of poison prevention programs is the parent(s) of children less than 6 years of age. Literature review reveals few references assessing other caretakers as risk factors in childhood poisoning. The frequency and severity of calls to the poison center by nonparental caretakers was studied. A total of 4,205 poisoning cases involving children under 6 years of age were analyzed. In 11.9% of the cases the caretaker at the time of exposure was someone other than the parents and the site of the exposure was other than the child's home. Of the 3,702 cases where the exposure occurred while the child was supervised by the parents in their home, 90.2% were treated in the home and 72.4% required dilution only. Grandparents represented 39.6% of caretakers other than the parents. In these cases 44.6% required treatment beyond dilution, indicating more serious exposures in this group. Ingestion of cardiovascular drugs occurred in 12.3% of calls from grandparents as opposed to 0.7% of calls initiated by parents. Poisoning exposures involving children under six years of age, where the caretaker is other than the parents, and the site is other than the child's home, are often more serious. Poison prevention information programs are needed to reduce the risk factors among this group. PMID- 3245125 TI - Zinc intoxication in a dog from the ingestion of copper-clad zinc pennies. PMID- 3245126 TI - Adolescent poisoning: a comparison of accidental and intentional exposures. AB - The fact that intentional drug and toxic substance use/abuse by adolescents has dramatically increased during the past 2 decades often overshadows the knowledge that adolescents also suffer accidental poisonings as well. A 1-year retrospective analysis of 1,879 poison exposures involving children 13 to 17 years of age revealed 894 (47.6%) were due to accidental circumstances and 945 (50.2%) were intentional in nature. Nonpharmaceuticals were involved in 63.5% of all accidental adolescent poisonings versus 36.5% involving various drugs. Intentional nonpharmaceutical exposures were 17.5% compared to total intentional adolescent poisonings, while 82.5% involved drugs. Site of exposure was the child's own home in 1,252 (66.7%) cases, school in 201 (10.8%), the workplace in 35 (1.9%), and other/unknown sites accounted for 387 (20.6%) poisonings. Poisoning by ingestion accounted for 1,408 (74.9%) of the adolescent exposures, inhalations 147 (7.8%), ocular 219 (11.5%), and dermal 110 (5.8%). Management at the nearest health care facility (HCF) was necessary in 1,252 (66.6%) of the poisonings versus 627 (33.4%) who were treated in non-HCF environments. Regional poison centers must be cognizant that accidental as well as intentional poisoning can occur with adolescents. Distinct viable prevention strategies should be developed to address these problems. PMID- 3245127 TI - Ciguatera-like poisoning in the Mediterranean. AB - A case of group poisoning from the consumption of the fish Sarpa salpa, caught in the Mediterranean coastal waters of Israel, is presented. Mullets and rabbitfish caught at the same site caused no harm. This is the third case of ciguatera poisoning in the region and the first to be transferred by a fish which is not a Red Sea immigrant. It implies that toxic algae dinoflagellates, originating from the Red Sea, crossed the Suez Canal and found their way to the Mediterranean coastal waters. PMID- 3245128 TI - A case of a single ingestion of 4% Hibiclens. PMID- 3245129 TI - Chlorine poisoning at the swimming pool revisited: anatomy of two minidisasters. AB - A case of acute chlorine gas exposure in a swimming pool attendant was previously reported (Clin Tox 13:377-381, 1978). In April 1986, approximately 30 people, including a swimming coach, lifeguards, and competitive swimmers ranging in age from 5 to 12 years old, were exposed to heavy concentrations of chlorine gas at a large indoor swimming pool. The coach, one lifeguard, and 18 of the children were hospitalized. In June 1988, a similar exposure occurred at the same swimming pool, and 11 persons were affected. Information from these 2 incidents illustrates 4 important factors in disaster prevention and management: proper training of equipment operators, effectiveness of triage, information flow to relatives of the afflicted, and requisite posthospitalization followup to detect possible long-term adverse effects. PMID- 3245130 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene of potato virus Y (PVY). AB - The nucleotide sequence of the 3' terminal region of potato virus Y (PVY) was determined. Starting with a poly(A) tail of 18 residues a non-coding region of 335 nucleotides precedes the region encoding for the virus coat protein (cp) 801 nucleotides long ending with a TGA. This region was located by comparing the predicted amino acid sequence with the one determined for the PVY capsid protein by Shukla et al. (1). Both sequences contained 267 amino acids sharing about 94% homology. They differ, however, at several positions presumably due to base transitions within their respective nucleotide sequences. Restriction endonuclease sites in and around the cp coding region were identified. PMID- 3245131 TI - Antigen A gene of Marek's disease virus (MDV) detects two mRNA species (3.7 and 2.1 kb) in MDV- and HVT-infected cells. AB - The gene of glycoprotein A of Marek's disease virus (MDV) detected to mRNA species (3.7 and 2.1 kb) by Northern blot hybridization. These two mRNA species were also detected in RNA extracted from herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT)-infected chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and from the MSB-1 cell line. PMID- 3245134 TI - [Basic questions on the theory and practice of climatotherapy]. PMID- 3245132 TI - Mapping and sequence of the gene encoding protein p37, a major structural protein of African swine fever virus. AB - The gene encoding protein p37, one of the major structural proteins of African swine fever (ASF) virus has been mapped and sequenced. Protein p37 was obtained from purified virions and the first 27 amino acids from its NH2-terminal end were identified by automatic Edman degradation. To map the gene encoding protein p37, a mixture of 20-mer deoxyoligonucleotides based upon a part of this amino acid sequence was hybridized to cloned ASF virus restriction fragments. This allowed localization of the gene in fragment KpnI F/HindIII G1 of the African swine fever virus genome. An analysis of the DNA sequence from this region revealed an open reading frame encoding 418 amino acids. In this sequence, the 27 NH2-terminal amino acids determined by sequence analysis of protein p37 are preceded by a stretch of 132 amino acids residues, indicating that protein p37 is synthesized as a polypeptide of higher molecular weight and then post-translationally processed by cleavage of a Gly-Ala bond. This processing event accounts for the antigenic relationship of protein p37 to a virus-induced, nonstructural protein with a relative molecular weight of 60 kD. PMID- 3245133 TI - Molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of Japanese encephalitis virus Beijing-1 strain. AB - The genomic RNA of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) Beijing-1 strain was reversely transcribed and the synthesized cDNA was molecularly cloned. Six continuous cDNA clones that cover the entire virus genome were established and sequenced to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of the JEV RNA. The precise genomic size was estimated as 10,965 bases long. With flanking 95 bases at the 5' and 583 bases at the 3' non-coding regions, one long open reading frame (ORF) was revealed encoding a virus polyprotein with 3,429 amino acid residues. Because of sequence homologies observed between JEV and other flaviviruses, the genome organization of JEV appears to be identical with other flaviviruses. Genetic variation detected among flavivirus genomes is consistent with the established serological relatedness between JEV and other members of flaviviruses. The secondary structure of the JEV genome is deduced and discussed concerning its involvement in genome replication. PMID- 3245135 TI - [Determination of the optimal frequency for therapeutic vibration]. PMID- 3245136 TI - [Comparison of the uptake of hydrogen sulfide and the hydrosulfide ion across the skin into the body from hydrogen sulfide baths (experimental research)]. PMID- 3245137 TI - [Carbenicillin administration via electrophoresis]. PMID- 3245138 TI - [Vascular reactivity and central hemodynamics in patients with hypertension undergoing sodium chloride bath treatment]. PMID- 3245139 TI - [Low-frequency magnetotherapy in the rehabilitative treatment of patients with nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 3245141 TI - [Use of ultrasound in the combined treatment of patients with calculi in the lower third of the ureters]. PMID- 3245140 TI - [Changes in the level of the mediators of inflammation and of the contractile activity of the uterine tubes in infertile patients being treated with a native mud solution]. PMID- 3245142 TI - [Assessment of the demand for rehabilitation measures with the aid of a unified system and its application in individual territorial units of the People's Republic of Bulgaria]. PMID- 3245143 TI - [A discussion of methodologic problems of acupuncture therapy]. PMID- 3245144 TI - [Graded skiing in the system of physical rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3245145 TI - [Effect of various sets of physical exercises on the evacuatory function of the gastric stump and small intestine in patients after stomach resection]. PMID- 3245147 TI - [Choice of the optimal regimen for pneumatic compression in treating patients with postmastectomy edema of the upper extremity]. PMID- 3245146 TI - [The potentials of early magnetotherapy following gynecologic surgery using cyanoacrylate glue]. PMID- 3245148 TI - [The demand for sanatorium-health resort treatment for the pediatric population of Tomsk Province]. PMID- 3245149 TI - [Sudden death at sanatorium-health resort institutions]. PMID- 3245150 TI - [Errors and rules in the practice of the aerosol therapy of bronchopulmonary diseases in children]. PMID- 3245151 TI - [Immunobiological effects of decimeter-range microwaves of athermic intensity]. PMID- 3245152 TI - [Functional tests in the diagnosis of heart failure in patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3245153 TI - [Use of pikamilon in the combined treatment of patients with cerebral circulatory disorders]. PMID- 3245154 TI - [Heart-filling pressure in patients with hypertension treated by nifedipine]. PMID- 3245155 TI - [Histoenzymologic characteristics of the tubular portion of the nephron in renoparenchymal and essential hypertension]. PMID- 3245156 TI - [Lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 3245157 TI - [Treatment of hypertensive patients with oxygen baths and decimeter waves]. PMID- 3245158 TI - [Myocardial function in patients with torpid rheumatism]. PMID- 3245159 TI - [Characteristics of the course of pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 3245160 TI - [Eosinophilia in a patient with a malignant neoplasm]. PMID- 3245161 TI - [The count of large granule-containing lymphocytes in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases]. PMID- 3245162 TI - [Clinico-morphologic comparisons in patients with acute glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3245163 TI - [Familial amyloidosis]. PMID- 3245164 TI - [Characteristics of epidemiologic indices of chronic (non-ulcerative) colitis in Bukovina]. PMID- 3245166 TI - [Correction of the amino acid composition of the blood serum in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3245165 TI - [A case of an atypical course of nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 3245167 TI - [Hemosorption in the correction of disorders of the protein-forming function of the liver in subhepatic jaundice]. PMID- 3245168 TI - [Drug-induced lesions of the liver in middle-aged and elderly subjects]. PMID- 3245169 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the hepatoprotective, antioxidant and cholagogic activities of flavonoid preparations]. PMID- 3245171 TI - [Hernia of the esophageal hiatus in patients of older age groups]. PMID- 3245170 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the combined treatment of hiatal hernia]. PMID- 3245173 TI - [Developmental defects of the lungs (a lecture)]. PMID- 3245172 TI - [A case of hemochromatosis]. PMID- 3245174 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis with predominant lung involvement]. PMID- 3245175 TI - [Dispensary observation of middle-aged and elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3245176 TI - [Rifampicin pharmacokinetics in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3245177 TI - [Treatment of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neural amyotrophy]. PMID- 3245178 TI - [Meniere's disease]. PMID- 3245179 TI - [Morphologic changes due to injection trauma]. PMID- 3245180 TI - [Pharmacodynamic characteristics of a test using intravenous obzidan administration in patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3245181 TI - [The prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha ration in the blood plasma of patients with focal scleroderma]. PMID- 3245182 TI - [Bone and joint involvement in psoriasis]. PMID- 3245183 TI - [The genotoxicity of a static electrical field]. PMID- 3245184 TI - [Function of the cardiovascular system in students of agricultural schools and technical colleges]. PMID- 3245185 TI - [Registration of natural tularemia foci]. PMID- 3245186 TI - [Malignant neoplasms in children and adolescents up to 18 years of age]. PMID- 3245187 TI - [Effect of extradural marcaine analgesia on the phagocytic activity of granulocytes in the NBT test]. PMID- 3245188 TI - [Late metastases after treatment of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 3245190 TI - [Difficulties in the gastroscopic diagnosis of gastric lymphoma]. PMID- 3245189 TI - [Effect of sympathetic nerve block on changes in vascular and tissue granulocyte pools]. PMID- 3245191 TI - [A case of acute renal failure in post-exertion rhabdomyolysis]. PMID- 3245192 TI - [Long-term presence of a foreign body in the orbit]. PMID- 3245193 TI - [Characteristics, indications for and adverse effects of various preparations with immunologic properties]. PMID- 3245194 TI - [Septicemia in appendicitis: its diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3245195 TI - [Coexistence of polycystic renal degeneration with other diseases]. PMID- 3245196 TI - [The clinical picture of dissecting aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 3245197 TI - [Psychophysical development of children with chronic diarrhea]. PMID- 3245198 TI - [Effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in a case of an unknown infective factor after surgery of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 3245199 TI - [A case of extreme elongation of the QT interval associated with the breaking of an endocavitary electrode]. PMID- 3245200 TI - [A case of rapid formation of calculi in the bile ducts of a patient after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 3245201 TI - [Gastrojejunocolonic fistula as a complication of gastrectomy]. PMID- 3245202 TI - [Reye's syndrome in a child with acute renal failure]. PMID- 3245203 TI - [Coexistence of leiomyosarcoma and carcinoma planoepitheliale of the larynx]. PMID- 3245204 TI - [Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary (post traumatic) subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 3245205 TI - [Acoustic nerve and cerebellar damage in a child treated with streptomycin]. PMID- 3245206 TI - [Early cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 3245207 TI - [Report on a training trip to the urologic department of the Rudolf Foundation Hospital in Vienna]. PMID- 3245208 TI - Gender differences in body weight perception and weight-loss strategies of college students. AB - Gender differences in college students' perceptions and satisfaction with body weight were examined. Females tended to perceive themselves as overweight when they were not, failed to see themselves as underweight when they were, and many of those who did not see themselves as even slightly overweight wanted to lose weight. Although males reported some dissatisfaction with their bodies, they tended to want to gain rather than lose weight. Females dieted more frequently than did males, and nearly one-third of the females reported either self-induced vomiting or laxative use as a weight-loss strategy. The relationship between social pressure for female slenderness, dieting, and eating disorders are discussed. PMID- 3245209 TI - Work and depression among women in the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - A study was carried out to test the association between workplace stress and depression among working women and men in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). The data are from the 1984 German national health survey. The sample (N = 795) was composed of 319 working women and 476 working men. The hypothesis tested was that depression is related to high job demands and low job decision latitude. Correlation and multiple regression analyses supported the hypothesis for both women and men. However, the mean level of decision latitude was lower for women than men, as was the level of job demands. The mean depression score was higher for women, and correlations between depression and high job demands/low decision latitude were stronger for women than men. It was concluded that low decision latitude combined with high job demands, a condition experienced frequently by working women, contributes to depression among working women in the FRG. Study findings shed light on the health of employed women in the FRG and may also have implications for working women in other Western industrialized countries. PMID- 3245210 TI - The content of advertisements in medical journals: distorting the image of women. AB - This study was designed to examine the content of advertisements in medical journals to determine if the images of women are different than those of men. The method for this investigation was content analysis of a stratified random sample of issues of selected medical journals that regularly include picture advertisements. Advertisements were analyzed according to criteria and characteristics derived from a review of the literature. Interrater reliability was computed as a function of agreements. The results indicate that readers of medical journals are still being exposed to images of women that are negative and outdated. Until portrayals of women are consistently positive and timely, the images can have a negative effect on the health care women receive. PMID- 3245211 TI - Mothers alone and supporting chronically mentally ill adult children: a greater vulnerability to illness. AB - Increasingly, state hospitals are discharging large numbers of patients to their families and a significant number of these patients are severely mentally ill. The burden upon mothers who live alone and have to care for chronically mentally ill adult children is the focus of this paper. The author explores this phenomenon through the use of a qualitative research methodology to better capture the problems and struggles in these caretaking arrangements. Increased stress is found to contribute to a greater vulnerability to illness for the mother. Interventions are suggested which would reduce this burden and contribute towards a more healthy environment for the mother. PMID- 3245212 TI - Adenosine: a new antihypertensive agent during pheochromocytoma removal. PMID- 3245213 TI - The value of intraoperative scintigraphy as a routine procedure in thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 3245214 TI - The effect of subtotal thyroidectomy on Graves' ophthalmopathy. PMID- 3245215 TI - Evaluation of surgical results and prediction of prognosis in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma by analysis of serum calcitonin levels. PMID- 3245216 TI - Deaths due to differentiated thyroid cancer: a 46-year perspective. PMID- 3245217 TI - Ionized calcium in monitoring effective parathyroidectomy: a preliminary report. PMID- 3245218 TI - A new method of reconstruction after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. PMID- 3245220 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic gallstone removal by nephroscopic technique in a case of cholelithogenous liver abscess. PMID- 3245219 TI - Long-term evaluation of pylorus preservation during pancreaticoduodenectomy. PMID- 3245221 TI - A microbiological etiology for gastritis and peptic ulceration. PMID- 3245222 TI - The fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. ISSX/SOT North American Symposium on Endogenous Factors in the Toxicity of Xenobiotics. 8-13 November 1987, Clearwater, Florida. Proceedings. PMID- 3245223 TI - Species variation in the disposition of nalbuphine and its acetylsalicylate ester analogue. AB - 1. The disposition of (-)17-(cyclobutylmethyl)-4,5 alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6 alpha, 14-triol (Nalbuphine, Nubain) and its 3-acetylsalicylate ester has been studied in rat and dog to determine whether this analogue can improve the oral bioavailability of nalbuphine. 2. In dog, administration of the acetylsalicylate analogue increased nalbuphine bioavailability 5-fold to 16% and this correlated with an increase in analgesic activity. 3. The disposition of the analogue in rat was characterized by low oral bioavailability and a short plasma half-life. 4. Although nalbuphine acetylsalicylate was rapidly hydrolysed to nalbuphine in rat, nalbuphine bioavailability was not increased in this species. 5. Other studies have shown that these conflicting results are due to species differences in nalbuphine metabolism. Conjugation at the 3-hydroxyl position is the major metabolic pathway for nalbuphine in dog but not rat. Consequently, 3-hydroxyl esters are ineffective prodrugs for nalbuphine in rat and probably man. PMID- 3245224 TI - Developmental regulation of glutathione S-transferases. AB - 1. cDNA probes for individual isoenzymes of rat glutathione S-transferases were used to determine steady state levels of their mRNAs in liver and brain during development. 2. Foetal livers were enriched in Yp transcripts (that are characteristic of hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas), but these forms decreased after the first week of postnatal development and were not detected in adult livers. In contrast, in adult brains Yp levels increased. 3. Ya forms that were present at low levels in foetal and neonatal livers, increased markedly during development. Ya was not detected in brain. 4. The Yb1 and Yb2 GSTs were present in higher amounts than Ya in foetal livers, and these isoenzymes also increased in adults. PMID- 3245225 TI - Induction of peroxisome proliferation in rat liver by dietary treatment with 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane. AB - 1. Exposure of rats to 1% (w/w) of 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane in the diet for 2 weeks resulted in marked induction of liver peroxisome proliferation as judged from electron micrography, elevated activities of hepatic catalase (36%), cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidase (10-fold), carnitine acetyl transferase (9.6-fold), lauric acid hydroxylase (12.4-fold), and the induction of the 80 K protein in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (4.1-fold). 2. 2,2,4,4,6,8,8 Heptamethylnonane dicarboxylic acid, a non-beta-oxidizable fatty acid, was detected as the major metabolite in the liver, an example of an unmetabolizable lipophilic anion as a peroxisome proliferator. PMID- 3245226 TI - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced alterations in lipid peroxidation, enzymes, and divalent cations in rat testis. AB - 1. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) produces atrophy, morphological changes, impaired spermatogenesis, and epididymal lesions in testis of experimental animals. The effects of TCDD administration to male rats on various parameters in the testes were examined. 2. Nine days after TCDD administration, significant decreases in body and testes weights occurred. However, the testes weight as a percent of body weight was higher in treated than control animals. 3. An increase in lipid peroxidation (content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) occurred in conjunction with the decrease in testicular weights. 4. TCDD administration produced a 3-fold increase in protein kinase C activity, small but significant decrease is superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and no effect on catalase, glutathione reductase or glutathione S transferase activities in the testes. 5. Nine days after treatment with TCDD, in the testes the iron content of whole tissue and cytosol increased while a decrease in microsomal iron was observed. The copper content of mitochondria and microsomes decreased with a corresponding increase in cytosol copper content. A small increase in the zinc content of whole testes occurred. 6. The data indicate that testicular atrophy due to TCDD may be associated with lipid mobilization and peroxidation. PMID- 3245227 TI - Ethanol feeding stimulates trichloromethyl radical formation from carbon tetrachloride in liver. AB - 1. Female, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed liquid ethanol or control diets, both of which contained fat either at 35% (high fat, HF) or 12% (low fat, LF) of total calories. The rats were given an oral dose of 13CCl4 along with the spin trapping agent, phenyl tert.-butyl-nitrone (PBN). 2. Analysis of the hepatic lipid extracts revealed a signal due to the trichloromethyl radical (CCl3) adduct of PBN. Ethanol feeding in the HF diet increased the signal intensity two-fold over controls, whereas ethanol feeding in the LF diet caused only a 35% increase. 3. In isolated microsomes, ethanol feeding in HF or LF diets increased CCl3 formation by approx. 8-fold and 4-fold, respectively, over control values. These data support the hypothesis that ethanol induces a cytochrome P-450 isozyme that is highly active in the metabolism of CCl4 to the CCl3 radical. 4. Ethanol feeding markedly enhanced the hepatotoxicity of CCl4; however, there were no differences in the loss of hepatic enzymes into blood between the ethanol plus HF or ethanol plus LF groups. Thus, ethanol is likely to increase CCl4 toxicity by some mechanism in addition to increased trichloromethyl radical formation. PMID- 3245228 TI - The metabolism of aminophenols in erythrocytes. AB - 1. Like 2- and 4-dimethylaminophenol, 4-aminophenol in the presence of oxyhaemoglobin forms numerous adducts with glutathione (GSH). Using 14C-4 aminophenol and 3H-glutathione, ten different thioethers were isolated, by h.p.l.c., with isotope ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, respectively. The structural identification of the different thioethers is under current investigation. 2. In erythrocytes of human and dog, and in dog blood, in vivo, the same pattern of 4 aminophenol conjugates with GSH was found. 3. In vivo, 5% of administered 4 aminophenol is converted into thioethers within erythrocytes, accompanied by a 60% decrease in the cellular GSH, indicating the role of erythrocytes in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. PMID- 3245229 TI - The metabolism and disposition of 14C-indolidan, a potent and orally active cardiotonic agent, in four species of laboratory animals. AB - 1. The metabolism and disposition of 14C-indolidan, a potent, orally-active positive inotrope with vasodilator properties, has been studied after single dose oral administration to rats, mice, dogs and monkeys. 2. Excretion of 14C in all 4 species was mostly via the urine, largely as parent drug together with two other major metabolites. 3. The two metabolites have been isolated and identified, by mass spectroscopy and 1H-n.m.r., as a dehydro-compound, with a double bond in the pyridazanone ring, and a hydroxylated derivative of the parent drug. 4. Plasma t 1/2 values, based on 14C, were 14 h in dog, 5 h in mouse and 8 h in monkey. Plasma t 1/2 of parent drug, by h.p.l.c. was 10 h in dog, approx. 5 h in rodents, and 8 h in monkeys. 5. Tissue distribution in rats showed no accumulation in any tissue; 14C concn. in all tissues were indistinguishable from background 48 h after dosage. 14C peaked at 6-8 h for most tissues but in blood and plasma, 14C was maximal 1 h after dosing. PMID- 3245230 TI - Species variation and stereoselectivity in the metabolism of nicotine enantiomers. AB - 1. High performance liquid radiochromatographic systems have been developed for the identification and quantification of 7 urinary metabolites of both S-(-)-[3H N'-CH3]nicotine and R-(+)-[3H-N'-CH3] nicotine in guinea pig, hamster, rat and rabbit. 2. 3'-Hydroxycotinine was a major urinary metabolite of both S-(-) nicotine and R-(+)-nicotine in guinea pig, hamster and rabbit. Cotinine was not generally a significant urinary metabolite of either nicotine enantiomer, except in rat, where it constituted 14.6 and 10.4%, respectively, of the total radiolabel in the urine after administration of [3H]-S-(-)-nicotine or [3H]-R-(+) nicotine. Nicotine N'-oxide was an important urinary metabolite of both nicotine isomers in guinea pig and rat, but in both cases, was not observable in hamster and rabbit. No N-methylated urinary metabolite of S-(-)-nicotine could be detected in any of the species examined. In R-(+)-nicotine experiments, only guinea pig afforded N-methylated metabolites. Significant amounts of 2 unidentified polar, non-basic urinary metabolites of both S-(-)- and R-(+) nicotine-treated animals were observed. 3. Analysis of the comparative metabolism of the nicotine enantiomers in the four animals species studied, showed that stereoselective differences in the formation of oxidative metabolites existed, particularly in the formation of 3'-hydroxycotinine and nicotine-N'-oxide. A clear stereospecificity was observed in the guinea pig, in that only the R-(+) nicotine enantiomer was N-methylated in this species. 4. Sex differences appear to exist in the metabolism of nicotine enantiomers in the rat. Female rats excreted more of the unidentified polar metabolite B than male rats, whereas the converse was true for nicotine-N'-oxide. In experiments with R-(+)-nicotine, urinary levels of 3'-hydroxycotinine and R-(+)-nicotine in female rats were higher than in male rats. Conversely, higher amounts of nicotine-N'-oxide were observed in the urine of male rats compared to those in female rats. PMID- 3245231 TI - The metabolism of 5-(4-acetamidophenyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one in rat, dog and cynomolgus monkey. AB - 1. The metabolism and disposition of 14C-acetamidophenyl pyrazinone has been studied in rat, dog and cynomolgus monkey. The compound was well absorbed and rapidly excreted in urine and faeces by all three species. 2. Distribution of 14C pyrazinone was rapid and extensive with the exception of the central nervous system where concentrations were at, or below, the limit of detection. 3. Whereas, in in vitro studies, metabolites (but not the parent compound) weakly inhibited some activities of the cytochrome P-450 system, there was evidence from in vivo studies in the rat that the compound and/or its metabolite(s) are weak selective inducers of cytochrome P-450. 4. Metabolite patterns were similar in all three species. The major route of metabolism was glucuronidation at the oxygen of the pyrazinone ring. Other metabolites originated from metabolism by gut microflora with subsequent hepatic metabolism. PMID- 3245232 TI - Is the nephrotoxicity of (R)-3-chlorolactate in the rat caused by 3 chloropyruvate? AB - 1. When (R, S)-[3-36 Cl]chlorolactate was administered to male rats, two radioactive constituents were excreted in the urine. These were identified as 36Cl- and [3-36 Cl]chlorolactate which was subsequently shown to be essentially the (S)-isomer. 2. Analysis of the urinary oxalate content from rats receiving either (R)- or (S)-3-chlorolactate revealed that elevated levels were produced by the (R)-isomer whereas normal levels followed the administration of the (S) isomer. 3. Treatment of (R,S)-3-chlorolactate with a modified Fenton's oxidizing system produced oxalate and an intermediate which was identified as 3 chloropyruvate. 4. 3-Chloropyruvate is a potent nephrotoxin in the rat producing a brief phase of diuresis when administered, increasing the urinary excretion of oxalate and inhibiting the oxidative metabolic capability of rat kidney tubules and rat kidney mitochondria in vitro. 5. Both (R)-3-chlorolactate and 3 chloropyruvate were shown to be inhibitors of the commercially-available pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. 6. 3-Chloropyruvate inhibits kidney mitochondrial metabolism possibly at the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex level and appears to be a metabolite of (R)- but not (S)-3-chlorolactate. PMID- 3245234 TI - Microbial models of mammalian metabolism: production of novel alpha-diketone metabolites of warfarin and phenprocoumon using Aspergillus niger. AB - 1. The coumarin anticoagulants warfarin and phenprocoumon were metabolized by Aspergillus niger via oxidative ring cleavage to yield the corresponding alpha diketone metabolites. 2. Structural identification was based upon physical, spectral, and chromatographic comparisons of isolated metabolites and synthetic standards generated by the oxidative cleavage of warfarin or phenprocoumon with pyridinium chlorochromate. 3. This pathway of metabolism has been previously observed for coumarin anticoagulants in mammalian systems. PMID- 3245233 TI - Disposition of bemitradine, a renal vasodilator and diuretic, in man. AB - 1. 14C-Bemitradine (50 mg) was rapidly and efficiently absorbed (approximately 89%) in man following a single oral dose, as a solution in gelatine capsules. Peak 14C levels of 895 +/- 154 ng equiv./ml (mean +/- S.E.M.) were reached within 2 h, and declined with half-lives of 1.07 +/- 0.25 and 13.0 +/- 5.6h. 2. No bemitradine was detected in plasma, but peak concn. (124 +/- 29 ng/ml) of its desethyl metabolite were reached at 1.05 +/- 0.28 h, and declined with a half life of 1.32 +/- 0.08 h. 3. Desethylbemitradine was rapidly metabolized to its ether glucuronide, a phenol and a dihydrodiol which were also present as glucuronide conjugates. The glucuronides were the major compounds in plasma from 2 h after drug administration. 4. Excretion in 5 days amounted to 88.8 +/- 2.3% and 10.4 +/- 2.1% dose in urine and faeces respectively. No bemitradine or desethylbemitradine were excreted unchanged. 8-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-7-(3,4- dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-dienyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-1,5c-pyrimidin e-5-amine (E; 17% dose); 8-(2-hydroxyethyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-1,5c- pyrimidine-5 amine (F; 4% dose), their glucuronides (A, 19% dose and B, 6% dose respectively), desethylbemitradine glucuronide (D, 25% dose) and an unidentified metabolite (C, 12% dose) were excreted in urine. Compound F was the major faecal metabolite. PMID- 3245235 TI - Pharmacokinetics of diclofenac and five metabolites after single doses in healthy volunteers and after repeated doses in patients. AB - 1. The kinetics of diclofenac (I) and five of its metabolites (II-VI) were investigated in three healthy volunteers and in six patients. Compounds I-VI were measured by capillary column gas chromatography in plasma and urine. 2. After a single 100 mg dose of diclofenac sodium to volunteers, the drug was absorbed rapidly and showed peak plasma levels of 10-12 nmol/g. The maximum concentrations of five metabolites were comparatively low (0.36-2.94 nmol/g). The mono- and dihydroxy metabolites (II-V) had apparent terminal half-lives similar to that of I (1-3 h), but the hydroxymethoxy metabolite (VI) had a half-life of about 80 h. Renal elimination of VI within 96 h was about 1% of dose and that of I-VI was 36% (free plus conjugated). 3. Following daily treatment with 2 x 75 mg of an experimental sustained release formulation to patients for 6-10 months, steady state trough concentrations of I-V in plasma were low (average values: 0.23-0.57 nmol/g). The mean trough concentration of VI was comparatively higher at 3.69 +/- 0.91 nmol/g presumably reflecting its accumulation. Despite this it is unlikely to contribute to the drug's therapeutic activity, since it has been shown in laboratory tests to be devoid of anti-inflammatory activity. PMID- 3245236 TI - Interaction of 1,1,1-trichloroethane with the mixed-function oxidation system in rat liver microsomes. AB - 1. The action of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCE) on cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidation by rat liver microsomes was studied by determination of the rates of O2 consumption, H2O2 production, and 1,1,1-TCE metabolism, and from the spectral change in cytochrome P-450. 2. 1,1,1-TCE caused increases in the rate of O2 consumption, and H2O2 production although metabolism of 1,1,1-TCE was minimal. The stoichiometry of the rate of metabolism of 1,1,1-TCE to the increase in the rate of O2 consumption was about 0.011. The increase in O2 consumption and the production of H2O2 did not occur in microsomes treated with SK&F 525-A. 3. Spectral studies indicated that 1,1,1-TCE bound to cytochrome P-450 and showed a type I spectral change. 4. The addition of NADH with NADPH in the reaction medium enhanced the increase in O2 consumption caused by 1,1,1-TCE, whereas it did not change the rate of H2O2 production. 5. There was no increase in the formation of thiobarbituric acid substances in the reaction medium incubated with 1,1,1-TCE. 6. It was concluded that 1,1,1-TCE had an uncoupling effect on the cytochrome P 450-dependent mixed-function oxidation system. PMID- 3245237 TI - Elimination and accumulation of the rodenticide flocoumafen in rats following repeated oral administration. AB - 1. Following multiple oral administration of 14C-flocoumafen to rats at 0.02 and 0.1 mg/kg per week, appreciable cellular accumulation was seen in the liver. 2. Residues in the liver increased with dose throughout the duration of the experiment (14 weeks) at the low dose, but reached a plateau after 4 weeks at the high dose. The major component was unchanged flocoumafen together with a minor polar metabolite seen also in faeces. 3. The data suggest the presence in rat liver of a saturable high-affinity binding site for flocoumafen and a second binding site of lower affinity. 4. Lethal anticoagulant action occurs only when the binding sites have become saturated. 5. A range of haematological and clinical chemistry measurements failed to predict the onset of anticoagulant toxicity seen in the high dose treatment group. 6. Flocoumafen was not extensively metabolised; at the low dose, approximately 30% of the cumulative administered dose was eliminated in the faeces within 3 days of each dosing, mainly as unchanged rodenticide. At the high dose, this value ranged from 18% after the first dose to 59% after the tenth dose. 7. Two more polar metabolites and a lipophilic compound were minor products in faeces. Amounts of the polar products increased with cumulative dosage received. The urinary route of elimination was a very minor one (less than 1.6%) at both doses. PMID- 3245238 TI - The leukocyte inhibitory factor and circulating immune complex in leprosy patients. PMID- 3245239 TI - Brain computerized tomographic findings in various epileptic children. PMID- 3245240 TI - A study of clinical diagnosis and evaluation of ability of mentally handicapped children. PMID- 3245241 TI - Fiberglass reinforced plastic orthotic appliances. PMID- 3245243 TI - High-resolution computed tomography of cholesteatomatous otitis media: significance of preoperative information. PMID- 3245242 TI - Relationship between melanogenicity and malignancy in malignant melanoma cells. PMID- 3245244 TI - Immediate effects of methylprednisolone pulse therapy on the immune response. PMID- 3245245 TI - Isolated fractures of the greater trochanter. Report of 6 cases. PMID- 3245246 TI - Dual fluid levels in an aneurysmal bone cyst: sonographic features. PMID- 3245247 TI - [Development of angiopathies in type 2 diabetes mellitus--results of a prospective 10 year study]. AB - In 150 newly detected type 2 diabetics the formation of macro- and microangiopathic complications during a 10-year control period was prospectively analysed, in order to demarcate possible factors of influence for the vascular prognosis under preventive points of view. Already at the time of manifestation there was with 34.3% an above average high prevalence of the coronary heart disease, particularly in the female sex. The prevalence of the coronary heart disease further increased to 49.7% in the course of diabetes and showed a correlation to the initial age, to the existence of overweight, hypertension, hyperlipoproteinaemia and nicotine consumption. The PMA was found comparatively more infrequent in the manifestation of diabetes (9.7%), but in the course of the disease highly significantly and independently of sex increased to 61.9%. The development of PMA was correlated with the age, the existence of hypertension and overweight. The frequency of retinopathy increased from initially 3.7% to 18.7%, the prevalence of nephropathy from 4.0% to 22.2%, without having found prognostic influence factors at the date of the diagnosis of diabetes. PMID- 3245248 TI - [The value of hypertension and metabolic factors on the development of coronary heart disease in type II diabetic patients]. AB - In 1,126 newly manifested type II diabetics of the diabetes intervention study (628 male, 498 female) between 30 and 55 years of age by a univariate and multivariate analysis the influence of atherogenic risk factors on the development of the coronary heart disease was tested. The diagnosis coronary heart disease is based on the ECG at rest (Minnesota-code), in 796 test persons an exercise electrocardiogram was made. In a manifestation of diabetes males with coronary heart disease showed higher mean values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index and serum triglycerides than the control group free of coronary heart disease. In females systolic and diastolic blood pressure, uric acid level and age were significantly increased. By means of multidimensional analysis of variance as to the major findings in the ECG at rest (Q/QS type) in males the diastolic blood pressure, in females the systolic blood pressure and the serum uric acid proved to be significant. Minor findings (above all disturbances of repolarisation) were in males significantly associated with the triglycerides and the diastolic blood pressure, in the females with the systolic blood pressure and the age. Test persons with a stage of coronary heart disease which is to be recognized only in the exercise ECG in the behaviour of the mean value of the atherogenic risk factors did not differ from the control group free of findings with the exception of the increased serum triglycerides in the females. PMID- 3245249 TI - [Status and perspectives of prevention in coronary heart disease]. AB - The outstanding objective prerequisites for the protection of life and health of the whole population, which are at our disposal, have quite significantly widened the possibilities for individual decisions and actions concerning the influence on health and functional capacity as well as responsibility and cooperation of every citizen. Comprehensively, also in our country the readiness of all citizens must be stimulated to form the personal way of life according to the scientific knowledge fully using the abundantly given possibilities. In this respect we too have to solve still great problems. PMID- 3245250 TI - [Ferrokinetic studies with Fe-59 in idiopathic hemochromatosis and other forms of iron overload]. AB - Conventional ferrokinetic studies were done in patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis, secondary siderosis of the liver and iron overload in consequence of sideroblastic or aplastic anaemia. By means of the isotope 59Fe we determined the clearance of radioiron from the plasma, the plasma iron turnover, the utilization of iron by the erythropoesis and the iron uptake by the liver. The later value showed a good correlation with the iron content of the liver determined by atomic absorption spectrometry as well in patients with hemochromatosis as in patients with secondary siderosis of the liver. The 59Fe uptake by the liver was normal in treated hemochromatosis. There was no correlation between the degree of the iron overload and the 59Fe uptake by the liver in patients with anaemia. PMID- 3245251 TI - [Behavior of the aminophenazone breath test in chronic liver diseases]. AB - In 230 patients with histologically ascertained chronic hepathopathies the aminophenazone breathing test in the modification after Haustein and Schenker was carried out. In contrast to a control group consisting of 16 test persons with healthy liver (14CO2 exhalation 1019 +/- 175 DPM/mmol-CO2/70 kg body weight) the hepatic elimination of the [14C]-aminophenazone in chronic liver diseases (626 +/ 203 DPM/mmol CO2/70 kg body weight) was significantly restricted (p less than 0.001). The values of the aminophenazone breathing test showed a dependence on the degree of severity of the liver disease. Hepatoses with partly questionable or slight value of the disease did not differ in their results (841 +/- 230 DPM/mmol CO2/70 kg body weight) from those of persons with healthy liver. Chronic inflammatory liver diseases (668 +/- 185 DPM/mmol CO2/70 kg body weight) occupied an average position (p less than 0.001). The lowest values were to be seen in patients with chronic fibrosing liver diseases, mainly with liver cirrhosis (403 +/- 218 DPM/mmol CO2/70 kg body weight). Compared with the control group the difference was significant (p less than 0.001). Broad regions of overlapping of the individual values of various chronic liver diseases do not allow an unequivocal coordination of regions of the breathing test values to certain morphologically defined chronic hepatopathies. For the determination of size and degree of severity of the damage of liver parenchyma the aminophenazone breathing test, however, may be a valuable help in the framework of a special programme of diagnostics. PMID- 3245252 TI - [Diffuse stomach cancer in the minor form of familial adenomatosis coli. Correlation or coincidence?]. AB - We report about a 66-year-old female patient with Gardner syndrome, a special form of familial adenomatosis coli, and a stomach carcinoma occurring at the same time. Recently, there have been more reports about duodenal carcinomas and stomach polyps in intestinal adenomatosis due to an improvement in diagnostic methods. The concomitant occurrence of a stomach carcinoma is, however, a very rare finding. So far, altogether 10 case histories have been published world wide. The case presented here and a review of the literature again lend current interest to the hypothesis formulated by Amman in 1976 according to which the occurrence of a stomach carcinoma in connection with a Gardner syndrome/familial adenomatosis coli, particular in the minor form of this entity (recessive hereditary course, less than 100 polyps in the intestines, occurrence of polyps in old age) must be regarded as an additional characteristic of this disease. On the basis of this hypothesis, all adenomatosis patients should undergo gastroscopy. PMID- 3245253 TI - [Nucleation time and lithogenic index in obese patients and in patients with cholecystolithiasis]. AB - The gallbladder bile of obese patients without gallstones is supersaturated with cholesterol. The cholesterol saturation index (CSI, LI) of 27 obese patients was 1.32 +/- 0.2. The CSI of 24 normal weight gallstone patients was determined with 1.16 +/- 0.37 and is therefore not significantly different from CSI of obese stone free individuals. The supersaturated bile from obese patients does not accelerated the nucleation of cholesterol crystals. The nucleation time of obese persons was statistically significant longer (16.0 +/- 3.0 days) than in gallstones patients (6.0 +/- 0.78 days) (p less than 0.001). In 50% of the patients with gallstones cholesterol monohydratcrystals were present in the native gallbladder bilde, whereas such crystals are found in only 3.7% of the obese group. Liquid crystals occurred more frequently and in larger number in the bile of the obese patients. The stone forming potency of gallbladder bile can be estimated better by the determination of nucleation time and cholesterol crystals occurrence than by the calculation of the saturation index (CSI). PMID- 3245254 TI - Thr28, Nle31 CCK-9--an useful CCK analogue in stimulation tests of pancreatic exocrine function. AB - In the present study we examined the effect of Thr28 Nle31-CCK 25-33 (CCK-9) on pancreatic exocrine function in man. In subjects without pancreatic disease CCK-9 together with i.v. secretin (0.5 CU/kg/h) elicited a maximal stimulation of amylase output at a dose of 10 pmol/kg/h while trypsin and chymotrypsin were stimulated maximally at a dose of 30 pmol/kg/h. Higher doses of 60 and 100 pmol/kg/h had no additional effects. Lipase secretion was stimulated by secretin alone with no additional effect of CCK-9. During all doses of CCK-9 no side effects were observed. In patients with chronic pancreatitis a dose of 30 pmol/kg/h was also sufficient to obtain maximal enzyme output. In conclusion this derivative of CCK can be considered as a potent and useful alternative to amphibian caerulein in direct pancreatic function tests. PMID- 3245255 TI - [Syndrome assessment using a generalized interaction structure analysis]. AB - The concept of conventional interaction-structure-analysis (ISA) consists of comparing and analyzing two groups of variables. In the present paper this concept is thus generalized that more than two groups of variables can be analyzed. Data from depression research are analyzed by forming three groups of symptoms. The discussion expounds on strategies of data analysis with generalized ISA (GISA). PMID- 3245256 TI - [The effect of hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy on the behavior organization of newborn infants]. AB - Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common problem experienced by neonates and has to be treated with phototherapy. The effects of hyperbilirubinemia and/or phototherapy on the behavior of neonates is investigated in this study by means of Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale. 21 jaundiced infants who received phototherapy (serum bilirubin above 25 mumol/l) are compared with 36 mildly jaundiced infants (150-250 mumol/l) and 35 control infants without any clinical sign of hyperbilirubinemia. The results shows the impact of hyperbilirubinemia on motor performance and the additional impact of phototherapy on autonomic regulation of neonates. The jaundiced infants shows some compensatory effects in their impaired behavior within the first two weeks. PMID- 3245257 TI - ["Does early childhood determine vulnerability?" On the reception of a study]. PMID- 3245258 TI - [Correlates of disordered sleep: a replication study]. AB - 90 good and 106 bad sleepers were compared in respect to sleep quality and quantity as well as to several other aspects of life. Several questionnaires were used to measure sleep and day time behavior. In addition, a newly developed sleep questionnaire, containing 60 items, was used and factor analysed. The three resulting factors were "helplessness", "distress" and "attitude about sleep". The comparisons between good and poor sleepers showed that stress and insufficient coping skills contribute to the maintenance of sleeping disorders. These results represent a successful replication of a previous study. The comparisons between the different subclasses of sleep disorders showed a few differences, but essentially the conclusions are true for all of the three kinds of sleep disorders. Consequences for the target areas addressed in the treatment of sleep disorders are discussed. PMID- 3245259 TI - [A test of symptom validity in assessing functional symptoms]. AB - Symptom Validity Testing was developed to evaluate complaints of sensory deficits. The assessment is based on the inability of patients to perceive a sensory signal. Subjects must guess the signal using the model of coin flipping (head or tail). The signals are presented randomized in an equal number of alternatives. A 50-percent hit-rate for enough trials is expected in a true sensory deficit. Deceptive patients are expected to perform a hit-rate below the probabilities of chance. PMID- 3245260 TI - [Principles of a medical-psychological long-term single case study]. AB - Using time plots of serial measurements of physiologic as well as psychologic parameters (blood pressure, body weight, pulse rate and an adjective list by Sokolow) possible evaluation strategies applicable to extended data sets are demonstrated. The data set used in this study has been compiled over a seven year period by daily sampling of the aforementioned parameters by a male patient. Preliminary findings indicate, that covariation between parameters differs, when data of distant time sections are considered. PMID- 3245261 TI - [Secondary leg edema--experimental study]. AB - Peripheral lymphedema can be induced experimentally by obliteration or destruction of the veins and/or lymphatics, extirpation of the lymph nodes and occlusion of lymphatics, circular incision of the soft tissues, experimentally induced thrombophlebitis and by simultaneous traumatization of the veins and lymphatics. Our own animal experiments were designed to provoke leg edema after ligation of the femoral vein and/or accompanying lymphatics below the inguinal ligament. In 23 animals, only one ligature of the femoral vein was applied, below the inguinal ligament and in 12 animals all accompanying lymphatics were ligated in addition. In all animals, the leg circumferences were measured in three precisely fixed positions before the experiments and daily for 22 days during the experiment. The greatest increase in circumference was found in the lower leg irrespective of the time of measurement. The peak increase of circumference was between the third and sixth day after the operation. Permanent lymph edema has not developed in any of the animals. At the latest after three weeks, the leg circumference has normalized. Additional ligation of the lymphatics merely led to a nonsignificant increase in circumference and to displacement of the maximum point by two to three days. Immediately after the operation, phlebographic and lymphographic control investigations were carried out in all animals. PMID- 3245262 TI - [Unilateral secondary postmastectomy lymphedema of the arm. Study of inpatient physical therapy (II)]. PMID- 3245264 TI - Semisynthetic preparation of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3 phosphorylcholine (platelet activating factor). AB - 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (platelet activating factor, PAF), (1.9 mumol) was prepared from the total lipid extract of the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis 9 x 10(7) cells. The procedure involved mild alkaline hydrolysis of the total lipids, followed by acetylation and purification of the product by preparative TLC and HPLC. The yield was 60% with respect to the content of 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine in the total lipids, determined after preparative TLC. The alkyl side chain of the semisynthetic PAF was composed of hexadecyl residue. Our product was identified as PAF according to its biological activity, the chromatographic behaviour on TLC and HPLC, the physicochemical properties and the behaviour under treatment with PLA2 and Lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus. The above procedure is proposed as a facile, inexpensive and convenient method. PMID- 3245263 TI - On the relationships between molecular conformation, affinity towards penicillin binding proteins, and biological activity of penicillin G-sulfoxide. AB - The binding capacity of penicillin G-sulfoxide towards the penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) of Staphylococcus aureus H was studied. The sulfoxide and its parent compound, penicillin G, differ only in two aspects, the sulfur-bound oxygen and an altered conformation of the five-membered thiazolidine-ring system. These minor alterations of the penicillin structure resulted in a drastical decrease of binding activity (about two orders of magnitude) of the sulfoxide derivative towards its target enzymes. Furthermore, the sulfoxide did not exhibit the selectivity of subinhibitory doses for PBP 3, as could be observed for penicillin G. The biological consequences of this behaviour were monitored via growth curves, uptake of cell wall label, and analysis of the cell wall. Binding studies revealed that comparable growth inhibition and impairment of cell wall label uptake were achieved by at least a 100-fold higher penicillin G-sulfoxide concentration, compared to its parent compound. In cell wall analysis, the application of high doses of the antibiotics, i.e. nearly saturated PBP, verified the above mentioned observation. Surprisingly, small but significant differences in cell wall composition occurred using subinhibitory doses, probably due to the altered affinity towards PBP 3, supporting the hypothesis of an important role of this PBP in peptidoglycan transpeptidation. PMID- 3245265 TI - Fluorescence properties of hog kidney aminoacylase I. AB - The state of the tryptophan residues of porcine kidney aminoacylase I (EC 3.5.1.14) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and chemical modification. The pH-dependence of the fluorescence emission spectrum of the enzyme indicates that its native conformation prevails between pH 6 and 9.5. Within this range, the ionization of a residue with an apparent pKa of 7.1 quenches the enzyme fluorescence by about 15%. A similar reduction of fluorescence intensity accompanies the inactivation of aminoacylase I by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide in low excess. This suggests that in both cases a single tryptophyl residue out of eight residues per subunit is affected. Quenching by iodide revealed that, in the native conformation of the enzyme, 5-6 tryptophans per subunit are accessible, while 2-3 are buried within the protein. 8-Anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS) is tightly bound to aminoacylase I (1 mol/mol dimer, Kd less than 1 microM). ANS binding does not interfere with substrate turnover; the spectroscopic properties of the aminoacylase-ANS complex are consistent with bound ANS being excited by radiationless energy transfer (RET) from buried tryptophyl residues of the enzyme. PMID- 3245266 TI - Mammalian pheromone studies, VII. Identification of thiazole derivatives in the preorbital gland secretions of the grey duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia, and the red duiker, Cephalophus natalensis. AB - 2-Isobutyl-1,3-thiazole and its 4,5-dihydro derivative were identified in the preorbital gland secretions of the grey duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia, and the red duiker, Cephalophus natalensis, but are absent from the preorbital secretion of the blue duiker, C. monticola. These two compounds which are present in high, but varying concentrations in the secretions of male grey duikers, are present in low concentrations in the secretions of females. This seems to be the only consistent significant difference between the secretions of male and female grey duikers and together with the fact that only males mark out their territories, was construed as evidence in favour of these two compounds playing a significant role in the territorial behaviour of male grey duikers. PMID- 3245268 TI - Effect of preparative procedures on ghostcells from bovine erythrocytes. AB - Several methods for the preparation of "white ghosts" or "resealed ghosts" were described in the recent literature. This article compares three methods to prepare white, resealed ghosts from bovine erythrocytes based on the principle of hypotonic lysis. The methods described differ by the removal of hemoglobin from the empty cells. The main difference between the standard centrifugation, the gelfiltration and the hollow-fibre diafiltration is the mechanical stress on the leaky membranes after swelling in hypotonic media. Mean cellular volumes, rates of potassium-efflux and the access of impermeable dyes to cytoplasmatic proteins are criteria to differentiate between ghostcell-populations. PMID- 3245267 TI - X-ray studies on phospholipid bilayers. VIII. Interactions with chlorpromazine.HCl. AB - Chlorpromazine is a widely used phenothiazine tranquilizer known to alter the shape of normal erythrocytes and their osmotic fragility. In order to understand the nature of the interactions chlorpromazine.HCl (CPZ.HCl) was made to interact with phospholipid bilayers formed by dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). This study was carried out by X-ray diffraction on crystalline powders of various molar mixtures of CPZ.HCl with DMPE and DMPC, with and without water. It was found that CPZ.HCl significatively affects the bilayer structure of DMPC in the presence of water, but not that of DMPE. PMID- 3245269 TI - Cell movement and symmetry of the cellular environment. AB - The movement of micro-organisms was investigated in different cellular environments. The type of movement was described in terms of the symmetry of the cellular environment: (i) Random movement - isotropic symmetry of the environment, (ii) contact guidance - apolar symmetry of the environment and (iii) directed movement as chemotaxis and galvanotaxis - polar symmetry of the environment. To quantitate cell movement it was necessary to parameterize the environment as well as the cell movement by observables. The random movement was quantitated by the diffusion coefficient. The contact guidance of the nematic type and the contact guidance on a bent surface were quantified by an apolar order parameter. The contact guidance constant for fibroblast on a glass cylinder was 87.5 microns. The directed movement was quantified by a polar order parameter. Dose-response curves were derived and compared for different types of cells: Chemotaxis of granulocytes KCT-1 = 2.2 mm for 10 microM f-Met-Met-Met, galvanotaxis of granulocytes KG-1 = 0.2 V/mm, galvanotaxis of fibroblast KG-1 = 0.28 V/mm, galvanotaxis of spermatozoids of bracken fern KG-1 = 0.024 V/mm. PMID- 3245270 TI - Description of cell adhesion by the langmuir adsorption isotherm. AB - The adhesion of granulocytes to a glass surface is both theoretically and experimentally investigated. The basic results are: (i) The adherence process of cells to a surface can be described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm which also holds for the adsorption of molecules to a substrate. (ii) The granulocytes do not interact with each other during the adsorption/desorption process. (iii) The equilibrium constant at 37 degrees C for granulocytes adsorption to the glass surface is 170 cells/mm3 = 1.7 x 10(5) cells/ml. (iv) The equilibrium constant increases with decreasing temperature. (v) The equilibrium constant is a function of the chemokinetic/chemotactic stimulus f-Met-Leu-Phe. (vi) The desorption rate is also a function of the chemokinetic/chemotactic stimulus (kde-1 = 71.5 min for 1 nM and 330 min for 1 microM f-Met-Leu-Phe). (vii) The adsorption rate is a function of the chemokinetic/chemotactic stimulus and the cellular bulk concentration (kad-1.cv-1 = 104 min for 1 nM and 8 min for 1 microM f-Met-Leu Phe, and cV = 4000 cells/mm3 = 4 x 10(6) cells/ml). (viii) The total number of cells which can bind to the surface is independent of temperature (and of the chemokinetic/chemotactic stimulus). (ix) The high affinity receptor site is responsible for the adherence (Kf-Met- = 1.8 nM f-Met-Leu-Phe). (x) The chemokinetic/chemotactic stimulated adherence is a cooperative process on a molecular level. (xi) The cellular adsorption/desorption process is a rate controlled process. The thermodynamic description of the adsorption/desorption process failed. PMID- 3245271 TI - Biological information processing requires quantum logic. AB - Chaos dynamics, which characterizes biological information processing, generates information along the course of temporal development of the relevant system. In this system, the macroscopic uncertainty principle holds between observation time delta t and phase space volume delta omega determined by this observation. In other words delta t and delta omega cannot simultaneously be small. This principle corresponds to the microscopic uncertainty principle that holds in quantum physics. Through an analogy to this correspondence, it is shown that quantum logic might also govern such macroscopic phenomena as are governed by chaos dynamics. PMID- 3245273 TI - [Habitual peroneal tendon dislocation]. AB - Between 1945 and 1985 a total of 54 patients were treated for recurrent dislocation of the peroneal tendon. 30 cases were operated on employing five various surgical techniques. 31 patients denied trauma as being the cause, which therefore made constitutional weakness of the retention apparatus of the peroneal tendon responsible. The pathogenesis is described in detail. The period of follow up is 13.2 years (2-40). 80% of the operated patients became absolutely trouble free. Only in one single case did a relapse occur. PMID- 3245272 TI - Evidence of an intracellular dissipative structure. AB - Data are presented showing the result of the functioning of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells incubated with glucose and glutamine. The very different results obtained depending on the order of substrate addition suggest that the functioning of the respiratory chain in Ehrlich cells far-from-equilibrium maintains an intracellular dissipative structure. PMID- 3245274 TI - [Knee arthroplasty in osseous ankylosis. A case report]. AB - We report on the successfully performed arthroplasty of a knee joint in a 19-year old female patient in whom a bony ankylosis in malalignment had occurred following an infection. The deciding factor for performing the arthroplasty was not only the patients wish to regain mobility in the knee joint, but also the existing possibility of postoperative mobilization of the joint on a CPM-machine in combination with analgesia by means of a peridural catheter. PMID- 3245275 TI - [The cruciate ligaments as the major mechanism of control of the movement of the knee joint]. AB - The kinematics of the knee joint is considered with the special regard to the cruciate ligaments. An optimum place for the fixation of ligament substitute is calculated. Anatomic preparations of cadaver knee joints proved this predictions to be correct. Placing the ligament substitute at this place the ligaments behave isometrically. PMID- 3245276 TI - [Surgical therapy of severe knee flexion and hip flexion contractures in caudal regression syndrome]. AB - In severe cases of caudal-regression syndrome one usually can find hip-flexion and knee-flexion-contractures, which can hardly be treated. We report about a new possibility of operative treatment. In this case we correct the contractures with a shortening of the proximal part of the femur and with a resection-arthrodesis of the knee-joint. The clinical result, which we obtained by this way, allows the orthotic management with an orthoprosthesis. The maintaining mobility of the hip joint and the sitting-comfort is very sufficient. PMID- 3245277 TI - [Clinical results using the PM type of hip endoprosthesis]. AB - The results of clinical follow-up examinations of cement-free PM total hip replacements implanted between March 1981 and December 1985 are reported. Of 231 PM hips, 125 were re-examined. Questionnaires were completed by 58 patients who were not examined. With an average value of 15.7 points according to Merle d'Aubigne, the overall clinical results may be regarded as good. A total of 86.4% of the patients stated that their condition was better than before surgery. However, almost 20% had severe complaints. These included on the one hand soft tissue complaints, in particular in the immediate postoperative phase; on the other, in cases with initially minor sinking-in of the shaft and subsequently more than 5 mm, there was a high level of significance in the correlation to the complaints which occurred. No problems occurred with the screw-in acetabulum. PMID- 3245278 TI - [The ochronosis disease picture and conservative and operative therapy. Presented in relation to a case report]. AB - Ochronosis leads very early, already in the fourth decade, to osteoarthritic alterations, mainly of the large joints. As the treatment has to be symptomatic, joint prosthesis is often inevitable. We report about a case history of a patient with coxarthrosis and basic alterations by ochronosis. In spite of a bone structure similar those of osteomalacia, we were able to implant a cementless total hip prosthesis in the left hip joint. PMID- 3245279 TI - [Osseous support in spondylolisthesis. A case report]. AB - A true spondylolisthesis in a 14 year old boy was followed from grade II to maximal dislocation. The 5th lumbar vertebra slipped forward on the sacrum until the contact with the sacrum was lost. The 5th lumbar vertebra, which had in the meantime shrunk to a smaller sized wedge, then dropped without tilting in front of the 1st sacral vertebra. This kind of maximal dislocation is rare. In the course of many years a bony support for the spine developed in the shape of a second sacrum, lying ventrally to the anatomical sacrum. The vertebral arch of the forth lumbar vertebra was supported by the real sacrum. This biomechanical correction was unexpected. At the age of 33 years the patient suffers no pain, and there is no restriction of spine movement and no neurological deficit. PMID- 3245280 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomography in spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis]. AB - 40 patients with spondylolisthesis and/or spondylolysis were studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MR), 12 of whom with correlation to CT. CT proved to be more sensitive in detecting pars defects than MR. Sagittal MR, however, was more accurate in assessing spondylolisthesis than axial CT. At present, CT is superior to MR in demonstrating bony abnormalities. MR appears indicated in the patient undergoing spinal fusion in whom detection of intervertebral disc degeneration in the levels above or below intended fusion may lead to extension of fusion to the degenerated levels. Lack of ionizing radiation makes MR an ideal diagnostic method in evaluating spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. PMID- 3245281 TI - [Scoliosis in infancy]. AB - 1. The paper deals with 101 patients (52 male, 49 female) who have been treated in the first and second years of life because of resolving scoliosis and could be re-examined later at the age of 15 between 17 years. 2. The clinical and roentgenological findings of seven patients only had been normalized, where as in all other cases low lateral deviations of the spinal column (77 times), frequently at a modified type of curvature (44 times) or structural modifications (77 times, 17 spinal columns without lateral deviations), or not rarely, even both of them, had been found. 3. During development it came to a displacement of the vertex-vertebra on a average of 1-2 vertebrae to caudal. 4. No inspected resolving scoliosis had change over into a progressive scoliosis, a coherence consists not with idiopathic scoliosis of the prepuberty and puberty. PMID- 3245282 TI - [Chemonucleolysis--with extended indications. 4 years clinical experience]. AB - A follow-up of 1289 chemonucleolyses performed on 1141 patients and a questionnaire answered by 80% of these patients shows that some conditions hitherto held to be contraindications can be questioned: chemonucleolysis performed in cases of disk herniations with spinal stenosis can produce very good results. A second chemonucleolysis with chymopapain at a later date is possible. In patients who have previously undergone surgery on the same disk, chemonucleolysis offers good chances of improvement in the event of a reherniation. PMID- 3245283 TI - [Postoperative lumbar intervertebral discitis. A review of a 15-year period and 7,493 operations]. AB - The incidence of postoperative discitis in a series of almost 7500 surgical interventions covering a period of 15 years is reported. Ninety patients (1.2%) were found to be suffering from typical symptoms, which are described and discussed. It is pointed out that above all radicular pain diminished, while on the other hand severe pain occurred in the lumbar spine, caused by movement and vibration, accompanied by a usually sharp rise in ESR, up to values of 100/200 mm. It is pointed out that conventional tomography is the diagnostic tool of choice, diagnosis being possible as of approx. three weeks postoperatively. The social implications of this important complication are pointed out, in particular the fact that only 50% of patients were able to return to full-time work in their old occupations, while the rest had to retire or accept a less strenuous job. PMID- 3245284 TI - [A new surgical method in malignant tumors of the ilium]. AB - During the growth period the triradiate cartilage forms a barrier to the intraosseous tumor growth. It is then surgically possible to remove the ilium at the triradiate cartilage and leave more than 2/3 of the acetabulum. After transposition of the remaining acetabulum to the lateral side of the sacrum the hip joint can be preserved with a very good functional result. PMID- 3245285 TI - [Acro-osteolysis syndrome: is a synthesis in view?]. AB - The clinical phenomena of "acroosteolysis" means progredient destruction starting at metatarsal bony structures on primarily neurodystrophic mechanisms. A long term case report illustrates clinical features and actual possibilities and limits in treatment. The current conceptions since the classic descriptions are resumed by large overview of literature. Open questions in current genetic and structural hypothesis show the difficulties of any nosologic classification. Common features with other neurodegenerative syndromes are more and more evident. PMID- 3245286 TI - [Injuries of the biceps brachii muscle with special reference to surgical therapy]. AB - Injuries of M. biceps brachii are rare, in most cases (greater than 90%) the long tendon is involved, seldom the distal tendon. The long tendon usually ruptures in the sulcus intertubercularis, preexisting degenerative changes play an important role. The distal tendon most often ruptures traumatically at its radial insertion. Injuries of the short tendon do not require operative treatment, whereas complete ruptures of the venter of the muscle and of the distal tendon have to be operated on, in doing so the distal tendon should be reinserted at the radius. Ruptures of the long tendon may be treated conservatively, operation is indicated in young and active patients with painful functional lesion. In these cases proximal refixation under good tension should be realized. In accordance with bibliographical data our case material (11 operations) shows satisfying results in about 75%, though persistent pain or some functional lesion following operative treatment of ruptures of the long tendon has been observed in half of the patients. Finally general conclusions concerning indication and methods of operative treatment are made. PMID- 3245288 TI - [Comments on the contribution: initial results of surgical treatment of scoliosis with the Cotrel and Dubousset CD instruments by Ch. Hopf, H. H. Matthiass and J. Heine. Z. Orthop. 125 (1987) 347]. AB - It really must be appreciated that in the above mentioned publication of Hopf, Heine and Matthiass the authors were brave enough-against normal habits-to publish their bad results. In demonstrating their cases they render the CD system a destructive rebuff. Not in one of their demonstrated cases they were able to show that there are convincing advantages of this surgery compared to other already wellknown and sufficiently proven methods. We still have to acknowledge the opinion of Nachemson (1986) that the CD method is yet in the experimental stage. The authors show in their selective cases how it should not be done. They sacrifice in favor of a primary stability functionally important segments of the spine cranially as well as caudally and thus mutilate young human beings to an irresponsible extent. Of course it is astonishing when the authors in spite of their actually crushing experiments with this system in summary arrive at positive results without reasons indeed. For example they comment positively on the attained derotation, although they had shown with their results that no derotation could be achieved at all. Remarks about diminishing the rib hump, which should after all be a result of a good derotation are missing. Exact measurements in CT scans of the apical vertebra, as demonstrated in an extraordinary way by Giehl, have not yet been made in Munster. Otherwise the authors would have clearly recognized that a derotation with resection of the discs is not possible using the CD method. The authors present the system-in spite of their very bad results-as a universal spinal system for correction and stabilization and at the same time they doubt the value and extent of anterior surgical methods according to Dwyer or Zielke, even though these methods have internationally shown how the optimal corrections have resulted in fewer mutilations by using shorter fusion areas on the spine provided that the surgeon knows how to use the instruments. We spine surgeons should always be aware that we can cause an irreversible condition on the spine of the human being with our spinal fusion operation this could have grave results for the patient for his whole life. No doubt, there are advantages in the CD method, but they rather result in better stability than in better corrections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3245287 TI - [Is high-density polyethylene suitable as an implant material in cement-free anchoring of hip endoprostheses? A histomorphologic study of an explanted polyethylene screw-in acetabula]. AB - Firmly attached screw-in polyethylene acetabula which had been implanted for between 16 and 54 months were explanted after autopsies and subjected to macroscopic, radiologic and histologic examination. Metaplasias were seen around the threads and on the floor of the acetabulum. Their tendency to ossify represents an attempt at secondary stabilization. Due to the low stability of the polyethylene this causes increased wear on the floor of the acetabulum. The small defects in the polyethylene found in the threads, resembling damage done by mice, may be a sign of biodegradation. In view of the tissue reactions pointed out, the material stability of the polyethylene needs to be improved or implantation must be restricted to a very limited range of indications. PMID- 3245289 TI - Towards a second generation of inactivated vaccines. Use of herpesvirus (feline rhinotracheitis virus) subunits for the prevention of cat flu. AB - Prevention of feline upper respiratory disease, commonly known as 'cat flu' is traditionally achieved by two types of vaccination: live vaccines administered by intranasal or by parenteral inoculation or parenteral inactivated vaccines with an adjuvant. Both of these have been associated with side effects. The objective of the development of a new generation of cat flu vaccines was to market a vaccine which was perfectly safe in all epidemiological situations and was as potent as the current products available on the market. PMID- 3245290 TI - Blood group A substances are not present in currently available pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 3245291 TI - Laboratory markers for over-attenuation of mumps vaccine virus. AB - The properties of mumps vaccine virus (Leningrad-3 strain) gradually changed upon passaging in quail embryo fibroblasts, the substrate normally used for mumps vaccine production in the USSR. Alterations were extremely noticeable in the over attenuated (38th passage) virus variant, and involved (a) poor, if any, antibody response in guinea-pigs, (b) turbid plaque formation, (c) lack of expression in cell culture of fusion protein and reduced expression of polymerase protein, and (d) enrichment by abnormally small, fusion-protein-deficient virus particles. Two other laboratory strains exhibited a similar trend to over-attenuation, though after variable passage numbers. Due to a good inter-correlation, every test (namely, inoculation of guinea-pigs, plaque assay, protein analysis, or immune electron microscopy) is indicative of mumps vaccine over-attenuation and hence might be valuable in seed virus quality control. PMID- 3245292 TI - Comparative study of two human diploid rabies vaccines administered with antirabies globulin. AB - The association of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) to the vaccine is recommended for postexposure rabies treatment in cases of severe exposure. In a previous study using an abbreviated postexposure vaccination schedule it was observed that passive immunization could partially inhibit the active immune response, with three cell-culture purified vaccines but not with the concentrated human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV). In order to see if this difference was related to the purification process, the present study was designed comparing two HDCV, one concentrated and the other concentrated and purified, both of them administered in association with HRIG. The neutralizing antibody response in the vaccines was found to be identical with both vaccines, ruling out the role of the purification and confirming the excellent immunogenicity of both human diploid cell vaccines and the absence of inhibition of the active immune response by the association of HRIG to HDCV. PMID- 3245293 TI - Intestinal secretory antibody response induced by an oral cholera vaccine in human volunteers. AB - The ability is reported of a new oral cholera vaccine composed of Vibrio cholerae antigenic fractions to induce a serum and mucosal antibody response after three oral administrations of microgranules to 18 French volunteers according to different protocols of immunization. Specific antibodies were detected in the three different fluids studied (saliva, jejunal fluid, serum) in one third of volunteers before vaccination. An increase of specific IgA antibody level was observed in jejunal fluids of most volunteers after oral vaccination. An augmentation of specific antibodies against vaccine antigenic components was also observed in serum and in saliva after vaccination but in fewer volunteers. PMID- 3245294 TI - Control of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in calves with a BHV-1 subunit-ISCOM vaccine. AB - An ISCOM subunit vaccine was prepared by adsorption of purified viral membrane proteins of BHV-1 on the glycoside Quil A and assayed in six-month-old seronegative calves. Groups of five animals were given three intramuscular doses of 50 or 25 micrograms BHV-1/ISCOMs or a commercial attenuated vaccine. Both types of vaccine induced seroconversion: the ISCOM vaccine consistently gave a serological response superior to that of the attenuated vaccine with maximal titres of 1/608 in haemagglutination inhibition and 1/53 in neutralization for the 50 micrograms dose compared to 1/152 haemagglutination units and 1/16 neutralizing titres for the attenuated vaccine. Calves vaccinated with the ISCOM vaccine were protected upon challenge whereas control animals showed signs of respiratory distress, and calves vaccinated with the attenuated vaccine developed only mild respiratory tract infection and mild increased rectal temperature. Virus shedding was reduced 100-fold in the attenuated vaccine group compared to 10,000-fold reduction in the ISCOM vaccine groups. The high level of protection induced indicates the potential of BHV-1/ISCOM as a subunit vaccine. PMID- 3245295 TI - Serology-based potency test for inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines. AB - Twenty-seven inactivated oil-emulsion Newcastle disease vaccines were tested for potency in chickens. Serum samples from groups given 1/50 dose of vaccine were examined by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Good correlations were observed between potency and HI titres and between potency and ELISA absorbance. It is recommended that a serology-based potency test replaces the challenge test, reserving challenge only for those batches of vaccines where a clear pass is not indicated. PMID- 3245296 TI - Efficacy of rabies vaccines against Duvenhage virus isolated from European house bats (Eptesicus serotinus), classic rabies and rabies-related viruses. AB - Isolates of rabies from separate enzootics can be distinguished by their reactions with panels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to different sites on the nucleocapsid and glycoproteins of the virus. Estimates of antigenic relatedness can be made by comparing similarities among groups. In this manner it can be shown that while classic strains of rabies react with most of the mAbs, the rabies related Lyssaviruses (Mokola, Lagos and Duvenhage) react with only a few of the mAbs and isolates of rabies from Eptesicus serotinus bats in Europe are intermediate between the two groups. Mice immunized intraperitoneally with human diploid vaccine (HDCV) or animal vaccines (Rabisin and Rabiffa) were protected against a challenge with DBV, DUV-1 and most classic rabies strains. HDCV gave only partial protection against human virus isolates from Finland and Saudi Arabia. The HDCV did not protect mice against challenges with Lagos bat or Mokola virus (rabies-like viruses). The animal vaccines, however, did protect mice against Lagos bat virus, but not against Mokola. Dogs immunized with Rabisin were protected against an intracerebral challenge with DBV. Dogs developed rabies neutralizing antibody titres after intramuscular or intravenous inoculation with live DBV or DUV-1 virus; these dogs were protected against an intramuscular canine street rabies virus challenge. We conclude that the rabies vaccines tested protect against DBV/DUV-1 and classic street rabies strains, but not Mokola. PMID- 3245297 TI - [Tactile sensitivity in diseases of the skin of various etiologies]. PMID- 3245298 TI - [Evaluation of the drug metabolizing function of the liver in patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 3245299 TI - [Microcirculation in the skin of patients with eczema]. PMID- 3245300 TI - [Clinico-anatomic parallels in malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with skin involvement]. PMID- 3245301 TI - [Treatment of patients with zooanthroponotic microsporosis with griseofulvin in combination with alpha-tocopherol]. PMID- 3245302 TI - [The effect of the migration adaptation period on behavior, views and sexual morale tendencies]. PMID- 3245303 TI - [A method of UV irradiation of the blood in the combination therapy of neurodermatitis]. PMID- 3245304 TI - [Functional state of the urination system in patients with psoriasis treated with photochemotherapy]. PMID- 3245305 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics of neurotrophic ulcers of the feet in patients with leprosy]. PMID- 3245306 TI - [Ultrastructure of the skin of the normal human fetus in weeks 18-26 of pregnancy]. PMID- 3245307 TI - [Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans as an early manifestation of mycosis fungoides]. PMID- 3245308 TI - [A quantitative version of the precipitation microreaction with the cardiolipin antigen in syphilis]. PMID- 3245309 TI - [Preparations for the external treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 3245310 TI - [A multiple complex of symptoms in a child with congenital ichthyosis]. PMID- 3245311 TI - [Paraneoplastic dermatoses]. PMID- 3245312 TI - [Secondary relapsing syphilis in a patient with an infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus]. PMID- 3245313 TI - [The role of genotype and environment in shaping the interindividual variability of brain potentials related to movement]. AB - By twins method (25 pairs of monozygotes and unisexual dizygotes of 18-30 years of age) the movement related brain potentials (MRBP) were studied during simple voluntary pressing of the button without any external signal (1), in situation of prognosis of two equally probable signals (2) and of prognosis of signal with probability 1.0 (3). Estimation of intrapair likeness of the amplitude-temporal parameters of MRBP, of conditioned-negative wave and of P300 (the two last are recorded in situations 2 and 3) showed that amplitude parameters are more influenced by the genotype than the temporal ones; in situations 2 (more frequently) and 3 a greater number of properties, than in the situation 1, depends on the genotype. PMID- 3245314 TI - [Food conditioned reflexes in dogs during activation and blockade of the cholinoreactive system of the amygdala]. AB - By means of chemical stimulation of subcortical structures it has been found that the cholinoreactive system of the basolateral part of amygdala is involved in realization of secretory component of alimentary conditioned reactions and takes no direct part in accomplishment of the instrumental component. Activation of the cholinoreactive system of the amygdalar basolateral part has an inhibitory effect and the blockade has an activating effect on the realization of the secretory component of alimentary conditioned reactions. A change in characteristics is observed of the differentiation inhibition and of the correlation of conditioned salivation in response to various stimuli presented in a stereotype order. PMID- 3245315 TI - [Cortico-hypothalamic interneuronal correlation during learning in cats]. AB - Spatial-temporal organization of neuronal activity in the motor cortex and hypothalamus lateral nucleus (inter- and intrastructural neuronal interactions) in cats with elaborated conditioned alimentary instrumental reflexes were studied by means of recording the multineuronal activity of structures under investigation and with the use of cross-correlation method of analysis. An increase was shown of the number of cortico-hypothalamic neurones pairs acting in interconnection after elaboration of conditioned reflexes, and a decrease of their number at extinction due to interaction with temporal delays (up to 30 ms). Local (intrastructural) connections of the motor cortex and lateral hypothalamus had opposite dynamics at extinction of the conditioned reflexes: the number of the first increased and the number of the second decreased. The character of the interconnected activity of neurones pairs of interstructural interaction is discussed. PMID- 3245316 TI - [Characteristics of the functional coupling of cerebral cortical neurons in cats and the signal meaning of the stimulus (the hypothesis of the information switching of conditioned reflex activity)]. AB - In chronic experiments on cats interrelations were studied between impulse activity of neurones of various auditory cortical zones and associative area under the action of defensive, alimentary or differential acoustic signals. It was found that shifts of the impulse activity of neurones in the studied cortical zones and correlation dependence between them appearing in the given conditions, were of a selective character and were connected with signal meaning of acoustic signals. Neurophysiological mechanisms are discussed of the revealed reorganization of the composition of functional relations of neurones of the cortical representation of the conditioned stimulus analyzer. PMID- 3245317 TI - [Effect of tuftsin and its analog on learning, memory and exploratory behavior in rats]. AB - On Wistar male rats the influence of tetrapeptide tuftsin and its analogue TP-1 (300 mkg/kg, i/p) on animals behaviour was studied. It is shown that administration of peptides increases the rat's exploratory activity. Activating influence of TP-1 was continued for 6 h. Daily multiple administration of tuftsin or TP-1, 15 min prior to the beginning of experiments facilitates the learning and stability of conditioned reaction with food reinforcement. Experimental animals react significantly weaker than the control ones to emotionally negative influence, produced by a sharp reduction of the amount of alimentary reinforcement control. PMID- 3245319 TI - [Electrophysiological analysis of septum-amygdala interaction at the level of the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus in the rat]. AB - The characteristics were studied of focal potentials and impulse activity of 102 neurones of the thalamus dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) of anaesthetized rats under stimulation of the anterior periamygdalar cortex (APC) and septal lateral nucleus (SLN). The dominating type of impulse responses to APC and SLN stimulation recorded correspondingly in 31.4 and 12.8% of cells was expressed in a short latency (10-30 ms) phasic activation. It has been found that the convergence of these inputs, revealed in 9.8% of cells, is unidirected according to the genotype of the reaction. Neuronal complexes of DMN, organizing the responses to the stimulation of APC and SLN are characterized by a weak interaction testifying to a definite functional differentiation of the amygdalar and septal components of the lymbic-thalamic projection system. PMID- 3245318 TI - [Can a mouse be the object of maternal aggression on the part of a rat?]. AB - It has been found that mice do not evoke interspecies maternal aggression in lactating female rats even if the latter kill little rats of their litter. Putting mice in cages with rats bearing for the first time, and their progeny for 24 hours after labor, increases the frequency of infanticide and progeny leaving by female rats. The infanticide by lactating rats towards their own litter does not depend on whether these females exhibit muricid or not. Putting mice in cages with rats 3-6 days before bearing for the first time or during 24 hours after labor by repeatedly bearing rats does not influence the frequency of progeny leaving and infanticide reactions of female rats. PMID- 3245321 TI - [Neuronal responses of the rate somatosensory cortex transplanted into the vibrissae representation field of the neocortex to the electrical stimulation of the recipient brain]. AB - Neuronal responses of the rat somatosensory cortex grafted into damaged host barrel field to electrical stimulation of the host brain were investigated extracellularly in rats under light pentobarbital anaesthesia. The following structures of the host brain were stimulated: ventrobasal complex and posterior thalamic nuclei, ipsilateral area of vibrissae representation in the sensorimotor cortex and contralateral barrel field. Reactivity of the grafted neurones was lower, than in the intact barrel field, but the mean latencies of responses were not significantly different. Stimulation of the thalamic nuclei was more effective than that of the cortical areas both in grafted and intact barrel fields. Posttetanic depression after repetitive stimulation was often observed in the grafts, while posttetanic potentiation was more usual for the intact barrel field. The data show the sources of some functional afferent inputs to the grafts which may be responsible for neuronal reactions to somatosensory stimulation of the host animal. PMID- 3245320 TI - [Dependence of the reversal training of rats in a Y-maze and their haloperidol sensitivity on the estrous cycle phase]. AB - In female rats estrous cycle related variations were found in reversal learning in a Y-maze. Low intersession fluctuations of errors and a high number of well relearning rats were obtained on the day of diestrus I as compared with estrus. The improvement of avoidance behaviour by haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) also was better in diestrus I. The estrous cycle dependent variations of the behavior and neuroleptic effect may be a result of periodicity of ovarial hormones secretion and their influences on the brain dopaminergic systems. PMID- 3245322 TI - [Characteristics of borderline modulation frequencies in the differentiation of tonal and amplitude-modulated stimuli following the removal of the inferior colliculus in rats]. AB - Elaboration of differentiation between sound stimuli was carried out in 15 laboratory rats. After bilateral ablations of auditory inferior colliculi the border frequency of stimulus amplitude modulation was determined for all rats when they still could differentiate between tonal and amplitude-modulated stimuli. Decrease in frequency of modulation by 2 Hz and more from the border frequency caused a complete loss of ability to differentiate. In all rats bilateral inferior colliculi ablations completely disturbed differentiation between tonal and amplitude-modulated signals with modulation frequency below 183 191 Hz (the range of border frequencies). The surgery however did not affect differentiation between tonal and amplitude-modulated signals with the modulation frequencies above 183-191 Hz. The data suggest that the functions of completion of coding of amplitude-modulated stimuli in the auditory system is strictly linked with definite structures. PMID- 3245323 TI - [Effect of a 3-hydroxypyridine-class antioxidant on the functional activity of the central nervous system in mice of different age groups]. AB - Characteristics of emotional reactivity, orienting-investigating behaviour and of preservation of conditioned reflex of passive avoidance were used for estimation of the functional activity of animals CNS and also of psychotropic effect of antioxidant 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-oxypyridine (3-OP) on mice of different age. Studies were carried out on white outbred young (3 months) and elderly (15 months) male mice. Different character was observed of the emotional reactions of different age mice to aversive stimuli and to the open field conditions. Differences were noted of psychotropic effects of 3-OP in 3 and 15-months animals. PMID- 3245324 TI - [The role of cholinergic mechanisms in memory processes in experimental neurosis in dogs]. AB - In experiments on dogs the role was studied of cholinergic mechanisms in memory processes at different stages of neurosis. Predominance was shown in initial state of M-cholinergic mechanisms which also in conditions of neurotic inhibition of conditioned activity decrease the level of functioning less than N-cholinergic link. In the postneurotic period excessive activity of N-cholinergic memory mechanism was revealed. The supposed mechanisms are discussed of cholinergic system disturbances in neurosis dynamics and possibility of their pharmacological correction. PMID- 3245325 TI - [Dopamine metabolism and the GABA level in the structures of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic systems of the rat brain in experimental pathology of higher nervous activity]. AB - In population of outbred white rats there are individuals predisposed and unpredisposed to development of nonadaptive reactions of inhibitory type during elaboration of unilateral avoidance reflex in conditions of time deficit. Animals with weak adaptive processes are characterized by lowered levels of dopamine and dioxyphenilacetic acid in the striatum, of dopamine in Substantia nigra, of homovanillic acid in the n. accumbens and olfactory tubercle and of GABA--in the striatum, in comparison with the animals which did not show behavioural pathology. PMID- 3245326 TI - [Long-term posttetanic changes in the neuronal impulse reactions of the somatosensory cortex in the cat]. PMID- 3245327 TI - [Functional interhemispheric brain asymmetry in cats]. PMID- 3245328 TI - [Activity of the cerebellar neurons of the rabbit in food procurement behavior. A comparison with the activity of motor cortex neurons]. PMID- 3245329 TI - [Participation of the dopamine of the striatum and the nucleus accumbens in the formation of aggressive and submissive behaviors in mice]. PMID- 3245330 TI - [A method for evaluating motor asymmetry during the free behavior of rats]. PMID- 3245331 TI - [The physiology of higher nervous activity (the neurobiological bases of behavior). A draft program for university biology departments and for examinations on the candidate degree minimum qualification in the specialty]. PMID- 3245332 TI - [Convergent origin of repeats in the genes coding for globular proteins. The modelling of the convergent origin of direct repeats]. PMID- 3245333 TI - [Similitude of kinematic programs of the gait of man and myriapods]. PMID- 3245334 TI - Rural health: the way forward. PMID- 3245335 TI - A comparison of pain induced by procaine and benzyl penicillin. PMID- 3245336 TI - Sources of documented age in the Goroka area. PMID- 3245337 TI - Absconders from a rural health centre in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3245340 TI - Circumcisions using local anaesthetic with adrenaline in the prepuce only. PMID- 3245339 TI - Noonan's syndrome: report of a case in a Papuan man. PMID- 3245338 TI - Snake bite in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3245341 TI - A bedside approach to patients with peripheral oedema. PMID- 3245342 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 3245343 TI - [EEG frequency analyses in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive neuroses]. AB - A controlled clinical study was conducted of 25 girls and boys (mean age: 12;7 years) with obsessive-compulsive disorders and 26 patients (mean age: 13;4 years) with other neurotic disorders. None of the subjects had any organic brain disorders. The question addressed was whether there are any EEG findings specific to the group of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders, as several authors have reported. The EEG frequency analyses (power spectra) showed abnormal findings (fronto-temporal dysfunction and/or electrobiologically delayed maturation) in two thirds of the subjects with obsessive syndromes. The difference between the two groups was not significant, however. Thus the hypothesis of specific EEG patterns in obsessive-compulsive disorders could not be supported. PMID- 3245344 TI - [Parent personality, family status and family dynamics in anorexia nervosa patients with special reference to father-daughter relations (a retrospective study)]. AB - The present study was part of a large-scale retrospective comparative study on 103 pubertal patients with anorexia nervosa who were treated as outpatients and/or inpatients at the Pediatric and Youth Psychiatry Division of the University of Tubingen between 1979 and 1984. In the present substudy, a more detailed analysis was made of the data on the marriage and family situation, the personality structure of the parents, and the mother-daughter and father-daughter relationships. The findings do not support the hypothesis that individuals with anorexia nervosa have dominant mothers and weak fathers. A symbiotically close mother-daughter relationship with elements of aggression was found in about 75% of the subjects studied. In the fathers, the autoritarian-dominant type predominated. Slightly less that 17% of the fathers could be characterized as being weak and passive. Protestant patients were overrepresented in the population studied, and brothers were underrepresented. Both the high percentage of daughters who rejected their fathers in an aggressive way (33.3%) and the high percentage with a pronounced oedipal problem with their fathers (44.5%) led us to conclude that the father-daughter relationship has a significance which should not be overlooked in the context of anorexia development and symptom-maintaining dynamic features. In the light of these findings, the stereotype of a pathognomonic family constellation with a dominant mother or grandmother that is widespread in the literature is not tenable. PMID- 3245345 TI - [Pediatric depression]. AB - In 12 children between 6 and 12 years of age who were treated as inpatients for depression (diagnosed according to the Weinberg-criteria, a child-adapted modification of DSM-III-criteria), a close relationship was found between family pathology, psychodynamics and depression. The conflicts in the interactions between the depressed children and their caregivers became evident in the children's drawings, in the Scenotest and in play therapy. In play therapy the repressed feelings of powerlessness, helplessness, disappointment, resignation and anger came to light. The children had a pseudo-stabilizing function in the family that placed too heavy demands on them, with the result that they became dependent and helpless and tended to despair. A situation developed that can be characterized as "learned helplessness" and that is a useful behavioral physiological and neurobiological model of depression for different age groups. PMID- 3245346 TI - [A scale for assessing the social adjustment of children and adolescents]. AB - In DSM-III the highest level of social adaptation attained is diagnosed on a special diagnostic axis. Thus, separate statements about general impairment in children and adolescents with psychological disturbances can be made independently of specific diagnoses and severity ratings. The present study reports theoretical considerations and the results of the construction of an operationalized scale that measures social adaptation in the areas of family, school and peer group using information about leisure time activities independent of an individual's psychiatric symptoms. In general, the correlations between the social adaptation level and psychiatric disturbances were rather low, the closest association being in the school domain (grade-point average). The reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 3245347 TI - [Autoaggression and pulse rate--a longitudinal study]. AB - This article presents a model of autoaggressive behavior in which a distinction is made between determining and maintaining factors. Specific environmental, in particular social, and organismic variables are linked to them. The two types of variables interact, thus causing or maintaining autoaggressive behavior. A theory of autoaggression must therefore rely on multicausal/multimodal explanations. A connection between autoaggression and a high level of arousal suggests itself. In this single-case longitudinal study a comparison was made between heart rate and frequency of autoaggressive behavior. High heart rates were found to be correlated with low frequencies of autoaggressive behavior and vice versa. Decreasing autoaggressive behavior was coupled with increasing muscle relaxation and increasing motor activity. However, abnormally high heart rates were associated with both low and high levels of motor activity. PMID- 3245348 TI - [Trisomy 8 mosaicism syndrome]. AB - This is a report about a 12 year old boy with mosaic of trisomy 8 syndrome and with average intelligence. He has been treated about three years because of specific learning disabilities. There are indications in the literature about cases with similar development. PMID- 3245349 TI - [Lung changes in chronic polyarthritis]. AB - Pulmonary alterations in cases of chronic polyarthritis are covered in this paper. The investigations reported were based on literature data and on the author's own postmortem examinations. Rheumatoid pneumonia is defined as an independent disease in its own right. PMID- 3245350 TI - [The significance of tuberculosis today and its pathomorphism, demonstrated in postmortem material]. AB - In spite of the great decrease in morbidity and mortality, tuberculosis still is important in autopsies. In our postmortem investigations on 65,002 unselected adults, from 1961 to 1985 we found 2,633 (4.1%) cases of tuberculosis, among them 1,471 (2.3%) inactive and 1,162 (1.9%) active forms. The frequency of active tuberculosis fell continuously to about 1% of all autopsies performed. The average age of death of tuberculosis increased strongly, the peak being at present between 71 and 80 years. The number of tuberculosis death below 50 years decreased from about 22% (1962) to 7% in recent years. Severe exudative-cavernous tuberculosis receded, as compared to more uncharacteristic forms. Nevertheless, real pathomorphosis of tuberculosis has not occurred. PMID- 3245351 TI - [Pathomorphology of lung changes caused by gramoxone poisoning. Human pathologic and animal experimental studies]. AB - An account is given in this paper of changes caused by Gramoxone, a week killer, to the human lung as well as to experimental material. The process of damage was found to depend on the amount of toxic substance involved and on the route of uptake. Fibrosis, eventually, is the greatest danger. Intraperitoneal application leads to squamous epithelium metaplasia in the lung. PMID- 3245352 TI - [The histomorphology of granulomatous lipid pneumonia due to dietary fat aspiration in achalasia of the esophagus (megaesophagus)]. AB - In some cases of achalasia, lungs may show characteristic granulomatous pneumonia, following non-symptomatic spill-over and aspiration of fat. The lesion is characterised by fat-containing vacuoles, necrosis, granulocytes, macrophages, some of them with lipid content, epithelioid and giant cells and fibrosis rich in lymphocytes. The histological pattern is pathognomonic and represents an entity. These alterations may be mistaken for tuberculosis and be distinguished from mineral-oil pneumonia (paraffinoma). Affected lung regions may be colonised by nontuberculous (atypical) mycobacteria. PMID- 3245353 TI - Benign cystic ovarian teratoma with lung differentiation. AB - Organoid development of the lung in ovarian teratoma is very rare. The fifth case of this kind with an adult type lung and a bronchiolar system is presented in this paper. The largest published series of benign cystic ovarian teratoma are analysed. Factors influencing the incidence of endodermally drived tissues are discussed. PMID- 3245354 TI - [Mitochondrial respiratory activity of the trematode Fasciola hepatica]. AB - Polarographic studies have been made on the respiratory activity of isolated mitochondria of the trematode F. hepatica. Respiratory chain transferring electrons to oxygen and which is sensitive to cyanide was found in the mitochondria. Certain coupling between respiration and phosphorylation was observed. Intact mitochondria of the trematode exhibit the respiratory control although its level is significantly lower than that in the mitochondria from rat liver. The existence of an alternative respiratory chain was demonstrated in which electron transport is not associated with ATP synthesis. PMID- 3245355 TI - [Comparative study of the interaction of acetylcholinesterases of human erythrocytes and the heads of houseflies with phosphorylated alkylchloroformoximes]. AB - Studies have been made on the interaction of four types of phosphorylated alkylchloroformoximes, i.e. analogues of an insecticide-acaricide valexon, with acetylcholinesterases from human erythrocytes and from the heads of the housefly Musca domestica. Antiacetylcholinesterase activity of the drugs depended both on the structure of the organophosphorus compounds, and the origin of the enzyme, indicating the existence of differences in the active surface of these acetylcholinesterases. Incorporation of one or two chloride atoms into alkylchloroformoxime group of the cleaved part of the organophosphorus compounds increased anticholinesterase activity with respect to both enzymes. Diethyl derivatives of these drugs exhibited higher specificity with respect to housefly enzyme as compared to human acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 3245356 TI - [Effect of inhibitors of energy metabolism on potassium accumulation in the neurons of the mollusk Planorbarius corneus]. AB - Studies have been made of the effect of inhibitors of energy metabolism on maintenance of Na and K concentrations, as well as on accumulation of Rb (as an analogue of K) in single neurones of the mollusc P. corneus. Concentrations of Na, K and Rb in cells were determined by X-ray spectral microanalysis. Monoiodoacetate, an inhibitor of glycolysis, decreased concentration gradients of K and Na between cells and the external medium, decreasing accumulation of Rb. Cyanide, which is used as an antirespiratory drug, did not significantly affect neither K and Na content, nor Rb accumulation in the neurones of the mollusc, these data being different from those obtained on the nervous tissue of other animals. Monovalent T1 which is capable of inhibiting the respiratory chain and destroying mitochondrial structure, significantly inhibited Rb accumulation in the neurones. The decrease in accumulation of Rb by monoiodoacetate and T1 was less significant as compared with that produced by a specific blocker of Na/K pump, ouabain. PMID- 3245357 TI - [The electrolyte content of the body of insects, ascidians, fishes, amphibians and mammals and its dynamics in ontogeny]. AB - In animals in which sodium is a predominant cation of the blood serum or haemolymph (rat, newt Triturus vulgaris, sturgeon Acipenser guldenstadti, herring Clupea pallasi, ascidian Goniocarpa rustica), its content in the body amounts up to a half of the total bulk of electrolytes; in insects with potassium type of the haemolymph, the share of sodium is equal to 6.4%. In animals of the same species, total electrolyte content (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and the relationship between separate ions were found to be remarkably constant. During ontogenetic development of the sturgeon and herring, as well as in rat embryos beginning from the 15th day of gestation, the ratio between separate cations exhibits significant conservatism. PMID- 3245359 TI - [A catalog of monoclonal antibodies available at the research institutions in the Comecon member countries. The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]. PMID- 3245358 TI - [Allergenic properties of the substance produced by the Streptococcus strain sp. Thom-1606]. AB - The newly isolated biologically active agent "STP" (the substance produced by Streptococcus strain sp. TOM-1606) has been found to possess no allergenic properties. This new preparation has shown hyposensitizing activity on the level with the allergen. The morphological data obtained in the study of the organs of experimental animals have revealed the immunostimulating action of preparation "STP" on the body, that is confirmed by the characteristic transformation of the internal organs of experimental animals. PMID- 3245360 TI - [Biological properties of bacteria in the genus Shigella]. PMID- 3245361 TI - [Additions to the present classification of staphylococci]. PMID- 3245362 TI - [Comparative study of the microflora in suppurative-inflammatory diseases of various sites]. PMID- 3245363 TI - [Serologic screening of immunodeficiency virus infection in 1987]. AB - Serological screening for HIV infection revealed the presence of antibodies to HIV in 26 Soviet citizens and 200 foreigners from 33 countries. Among the Soviet citizens, the risk factors were homosexual relations with homosexual partners (3 men), homosexual and heterosexual relations with partners found to be HIV carriers (5 men and 7 women respectively), as well as sexual relations with foreigners not examined for the presence of HIV infection (4 women); besides, 5 persons were infected as the result of the transfusion of donor blood containing antibodies to HIV and 1 child was born of a mother with antibodies to HIV. PMID- 3245364 TI - [Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus during breast feeding and heterosexual contacts]. AB - Two cases of the transfer of HIV infection are described: a child got HIV infection through breast feeding from the mother infected with HIV as the result of blood transfusion made 2 weeks after the birth of the child and 2 men were infected with HIV as the result of sexual relations with a woman found to be a HIV carrier. PMID- 3245365 TI - [Epidemiologic characteristics of suppurative-septic diseases in newborn infants at obstetrical hospitals keeping mother and child together and separated]. AB - The advantages of keeping mothers together with their infants at the postnatal period have been revealed; these advantages are manifested by the quick colonization of newborns by maternal microflora, thus preventing their further colonization by opportunistic hospital microbial strains. As compared with common maternity hospitals, those maternity hospitals where mothers are kept together with their infants have less intensive circulation of hospital microflora, and the morbidity rate in purulent and septic diseases among newborns is twice as low in such hospitals. All these findings may be regarded as the epidemiological substantiation of propositions in favor of further development of maternity hospitals where mothers and their infants are kept together. PMID- 3245366 TI - [Prognosis of typhoid morbidity in a region of northern new construction projects]. AB - The mathematical model describing the dependence of typhoid fever morbidity on water supply and the migration of the population has been constructed. The checking of the model has shown the 95% coincidence of the predicted and actual morbidity. The model has been used for the prognostication of morbidity rate in typhoid fever in new economic development regions, thus making it possible to plan in advance the measures necessary for the prevention of negative consequences connected with the realization of economic development projects. PMID- 3245367 TI - [Cytotoxic action of the chemical substances found as admixtures in medical immunobiological preparations]. AB - The cytotoxic action (CTA) of chemical substances contained as admixtures in medical immunobiological preparations on human diploid cells has been studied. Such chemical substances as rivanol and merthiolate in admissible concentrations show the highest degree of CTA. The results obtained in this investigation indicate that different concentrations of chemical substances may produce equal CTA; thus, thiolate in toxic in a dose of 0.8 microgram/ml; the same CTA is produced by aluminium sulfate in a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml. Small doses of chemical substances, producing no explicit manifestations of the cytotoxic effect, may have latent CTA determined by additional methods of investigation. CTA may be manifested as lethal, sublethal and latent cell lesions. In working out regulations on the test for CTA it is expedient to indicate admissible residual amounts of chemical substances contained in finished medical immunobiological preparations, considering that these amounts must be incapable of producing CTA in cell cultures. The conclusion has been made on the expediency of denoting small amounts of chemical substances capable of producing latent CTA as tentatively tolerable doses. PMID- 3245368 TI - [Staphylococcal DNA as a basis for classification]. AB - The genome characterization of the typing strains for all 13 species of the genus Staphylococcus, included into the Approval List of the Names of Bacterial (1980), is presented. The nucleotide composition of DNA (28-33% of GC) did not permit the differentiation between staphylococcal species, but some of the groups of these species could be differentiated by the size of their genome (0.6-1.6 X 10(9) daltons). Differences in the degree of similarity between the nucleotide sequences of the DNA of all species (5-6% of DNA homology) made it possible to suggest raising the genus Staphylococcus to the rank of the family Staphylococcaceae fam. nov. The hypothetical classification scheme of this family is presented for discussion. PMID- 3245369 TI - [Experience using veroshpiron in the combined therapy of parkinsonism]. AB - The authors found changes in the function of the adrenals in parkinsonism, which were expressed in the form of elevated excretion of aldosterone and diminished excretion of hydrocortisone. The use of veroshpiron led to a certain normalization of adrenal function and to activation of the sympatho-adrenal system. The study of the clinical efficacy of veroshpiron administered for 20 days in a daily dose of 50-100 mg to 56 patients with parkinsonism showed improvement of a varying degree in 87.5% of patients. A 20-day course of veroshpiron resulted in regression of approximately 1/3 of the main symptoms of parkinsonism with the improvement persisting for several months. PMID- 3245370 TI - [Enzymatic activity of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with cerebral infarct]. AB - Dynamic measurements in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), its first isoenzyme (LDH1), aspartate amino transferase (AsAT), alanine amino transferase (AlAT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatases (ALP) were performed in 99 patients with ischemic stroke. The mean activities of LDH, LDH1, AsAT, CPC and GGT in the CSF of the patients significantly exceeded those in the control group during the first and second weeks of the disease. The increased activities of LDH, LDH1, CPK and AsAT in patients with ischemic stroke indicate the severity of cerebral lesion and resultant hypoxia of the cerebral tissue. High levels of enzymic activity, particularly over a long period of time, always predict a poor outcome. PMID- 3245371 TI - [Use of puncture perfusion in the treatment of patients with brain contusions complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage]. AB - Puncture-perfusion technique has been introduced for subarachnoidal sanative treatment in patients with brain contusions complicated with subarachnoidal hemorrhages. The intervention resulted in faster reversal of general cerebral and meningeal signs, restoring to normal values the body temperature, heart rate, venous and CSF pressures. Indications and counterindications for this technique application are given. PMID- 3245372 TI - [Characteristics of slow electrical potentials in healthy subjects and in patients with various forms of neuroses]. AB - The shapes of the slow brain potentials--conditioned negative wave (CNW) and postimperative negative wave (PNW)--were compared in normal and neurotic subjects. Instruction-directed performance was used to investigate the physiological mechanisms of neuroses and to develop the diagnostic psychophysiologic tests with simultaneous recording of the slow potentials. These were evaluated by calculation of asymmetry and power amplification coefficients for CNW and PNW while more and more complicated instructions were given. PMID- 3245373 TI - [The role of local cerebral mechanisms in the pathology of autonomic functions]. AB - Heart rhythm was subjected to mathematical analysis in patients of neurosurgical department. The data allowed to make conclusions on the role of the level and lateralization of lesions in autonomic pathology. Right hemisphere and brainstem were shown to have a major impact on the baseline autonomic tone and its regulation. Autonomic supply to actions is ensured by rhinencephalic structures of both left and right hemispheres. The data are valuable for neurology as criteria of topic diagnosis when lateralization of lesions should be clarified. PMID- 3245374 TI - [Clinico-psychological mechanisms of compensation for disorders of brain activities in patients with traumatic lesions of the polar-basal sections of the frontal lobes]. AB - Twenty-five patients were subjected to surgical ablations of contused or crushed polar-basal regions of frontal lobes. Two groups were singled out: 1, compensated; and 2, subcompensated. "Lobar syndrome" which includes motor disorders and impaired psychic selectivity, planning, regulation and control of psychic activity and behavior, was to a several extent characteristic of all the patients. Posttraumatic disorders were compensated in group 1 due to a lack in complications and high intellectual level of the patients, both allowing to compensate the disorders in voluntary regulation of psychic activity and behavior. PMID- 3245375 TI - [Compensatory-adaptive restructuring of the aging human brain]. AB - In semithin sections of the frontal and temporal cortex from the human brains the compensatory-adaptive changes of neurons and glia were studied. The specimens were obtained from 2 physiologically aged subjects, 7 cases of senile dementia, 2 cases of Alzheimer disease. Alongside with the destructive changes in nerve and glial cells, the compensatory-adaptive processes were detected in aging brains, generally characteristic of the physiologic aging: the nucleolus shift to the nucleus periphery; redistribution of the nuclear chromatin, nuclear membrane invagination; closer attraction of the organelles to nuclear membrane as destruction increased; assembling the neural and glial cells; establishment of the desmosome-like glioglial contacts. PMID- 3245376 TI - [Immunogenetic markers of disseminated sclerosis in western Siberia]. AB - The contents of class 1 HLA antigens was compared in patients with disseminated sclerosis, their first-grade relatives and healthy donors. Patients, as compared to healthy persons, had higher occurrence rate of A1, A9, B7, A0/B0, A9/B7, A1/B7, A1/B12, A2/B7, B7, 27, B5, 0, B7, 12, B7, 15, B5, 7, and lower A28, B13, Bw22, B35, 40, B7, 35, A2, w19, A0/B35, A0/B13, A2/B15, A3/B35. In male patients, as compared to female patients, B40 and A1/B15 were more frequent, and B12 less frequent. The subgroup of patients with the diseases onset before 20 years considerably differed from other patients in their rates of A1, A1, 2, A1w19, A1/B0 increased and A3 and A9/B17 decreased. Compared to donor group, the patients' relatives had differences similar to those between patients and relatives. High relative risk values were characteristic of some of the above associations. PMID- 3245377 TI - [Psychopathologic syndromes in patients with a history of stroke (characteristics of the clinical picture, course and rehabilitation)]. AB - Four hundred patients were studied in acute, early rehabilitation and distant periods of stroke. The investigation showed some peculiarities of psychopathology in cerebral stroke and proved their correction feasible. The data evidence that rehabilitative, psychotherapeutic and psychocorrective approaches combined with drug therapy could yield a better therapeutic result than usage of drugs only in stroke patients. PMID- 3245378 TI - [Clinical characteristics of neurotic and neurosis-like states in patients with acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Investigated were 400 patients with first acute myocardial infarction. Borderline psychic disorders were detected in all the patients: neurotic--in 150 and neurosis-like--in 250. In the former group psychogenic reactions to the disease prevailed, and in the latter the responses were primarily somatogenic. Leading syndromes were: astheno-depressive (170 patients), anxio-phobic (190), anxio hypochondriac (75), hystero-hypochondriac (55), obsessive-hypochondriac (10). Clinical features of these disorders were discussed along with the issues of their differentiation and treatment. PMID- 3245379 TI - [Diagnosis and forensic psychiatric expertise in traumatic cerebral arachnoiditis]. AB - Patients (123) with traumatic cerebral arachnoiditis due to closed craniocerebral trauma, were investigated during complications or late sequelae of the trauma. All the patients were subjected to spinal puncture. Asthenic, psychosis-like and hallucinatory-paranoid disorders were detected as well as partial oligophrenia and dullness of consciousness. The degree of mental disorders run parallel with intracranial pressure elevation, suggesting the role of intracranial hypertension in pathogenesis of several psychic disorders. PMID- 3245380 TI - [Use of electroconvulsive therapy in resistant states of affective and schizoaffective structure within the framework of endogenous psychoses]. AB - The effectiveness of electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) was studied in 80 patients with attacks of affective and schizoaffective structure and resistance or intolerance to psychopharmacotherapy. The best therapeutic effect was observed in patients with attack-like endogenous psychoses, including manic and expansive paraphrenic syndromes. The effectiveness of ECT was related to the peculiarities of attacks and their duration. PMID- 3245381 TI - [Clinical characteristics of the depressive development of personality]. AB - To study manifestations of the depressive personality development, the authors followed up 48 women (of the total number of 143 patients) exposed to long-term objectively unsolvable psychogenically traumatizing situation related to a child's disease. The symptomatology of depressive neurosis had undergone a typical course by the moment of examination: the acuteness, vividness and lability of the affect had disappeared, being replaced by its monotony; depression of the psychic activity in all spheres of life had deepened and strengthened, faith in a favourable resolution of the situation had been fully lost; new traits related to anxiety-dysthymic attitude toward people and events had formed; psychosomatic diseases had developed in the presence of marked vegetative manifestations. Clinical variants of depressive personality development are described. A conclusion is drawn about the typical eventuality of a depressive neurosis in the depressive development of the personality. PMID- 3245382 TI - [Age-related dynamics and conditions for developing male homosexuality]. AB - A comprehensive clinical and psychological investigation was performed in 240 homosexual men. Various factors were established as playing a role in the development of homosexual drive. Therapeutic and preventive methods were designed. Homosexual men were found to have increased sexuality at the age of 5 to 7. First signs of homosexual settings were evident since the age 14-16 and their final shape acquired by 18-20. Parts played by individual partners were largely determined by personality traits (extroversion prevailing in "active" group and introversion in "passive" one). Homosexual orientation was primarily due to psychopathological development of the personality, asociality and external cues providing first sexual impression. In the forced confinement homosexual settings could be easily suppressed with chlorpromazine and then with sulfadiazine treatment. The prevention of homosexuality should be arranged as a complex of means effected through a differentiated medicolegal approach. PMID- 3245383 TI - [Use of a method of color assessment of states for studying the emotional sphere of patients with neuroses]. AB - Emotionality was studied in neurotic patients using the originally designed method of color-based emotional state assessment. Analyzed were the nature and course of color self-estimation of the on-going and optimal states, as well as their features in different types of neurosis. The method proved useful to verify the data obtained in verbal investigation. PMID- 3245384 TI - [A syndrome due to pathology of the base of the inferior cerebellar peduncle in cystic-adhesive arachnoiditis of the cisterna magna and craniospinal area]. AB - A syndrome is described which emerged with the lesions localized in the dorsal parts of lower cerebellar limbs just at their branching from medulla. Spinocerebellar pathways are damaged as well as those of profound sensitivity from Gall and especially Burdach nuclei, the latter giving fibers which partially run along the lower limb to cerebellum. The postural inclination toward the afflicted side is characteristic of the patients in a standing position. Vibration sensitivity is impaired ipsilaterally and predominantly on the foot. The truncal inclination increases when eyes are closed. This syndrome was detected in 115 patients with cisterna magna or craniospinal arachnoiditis. The focus has been confirmed by pneumoencephalography in 110 patients and during surgical interventions on the posterior cerebral fossa in 5 patients. PMID- 3245386 TI - Elimination from rat circulation of goat and sheep haptoglobin and their complexes with rat haemoglobin. AB - The rate of elimination from rat circulation of 125I-labelled human, goat and sheep haptoglobin, and their complexes with rat haemoglobin was studied. The clearance of human haptoglobin-rat haemoglobin complex from rat circulation was about 5 times faster than that of free haptoglobin. For sheep and goat haptoglobin and their complexes with rat haemoglobin the rate of elimination was identical, the half-life time t 1/2 ranging from 8 to 9 h. PMID- 3245385 TI - Kinetics of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation at varying concentrations of NADPH and NADH in liver microsomes of nontreated and beta-naphthoflavone-treated C57BL/2 and DBA/2 mice. AB - The biphasic kinetics of hydroxylation of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) dependent on the concentration of either NADPH or NADH has been observed in DBA/2 (AhdAhd) but not in C57BL/6 (AhbAhb) beta-naphthoflavone-treated mice. On the other hand, in nontreated mice, this biphasic kinetics has been observed in both strains of mice. This shows that characteristics of biphasic kinetics differentiate Ahb from Ahd mice only after treatment with methylcholanthrene-type of inducers. The discussed biphasic kinetics was more regular and distinct in the NADH-dependent reaction as compared with NADPH-dependent hydroxylation of B(a)P. It is suggested that the NADH-specific pathway of electron transport to cytochrome P-450 is necessary for the occurrence of this effect both in NADH- and NADPH supported reaction. PMID- 3245387 TI - On the mechanism of glycolysis stimulation by mitochondria from Guerin epithelioma. AB - The experiments were performed to determine the factor(s) responsible for the stimulatory effect on glycolysis in the cytosol (post-microsomal supernatant) of mitochondria isolated from Guerin epithelioma. It was found that epithelioma mitochondria contain bound hexokinase which constitutes about 50% of the total cellular hexokinase activity. The solubilized and partially purified enzyme, when added to the cytosol, stimulated glycolysis. The stimulatory effect of mitochondria on glycolysis was associated with the decrease of adenylate energy charge which was caused by an apparently very fast production of ADP in the hexokinase reaction. A large part of ATP hydrolyzed in this process was converted to IMP and NH3, which can additionally stimulate glycolysis through its stimulatory effect on phosphofructokinase. It is therefore suggested that the stimulatory effect of epithelioma mitochondria on glycolysis can be explained by production of ADP by the hexokinase associated with these mitochondria. PMID- 3245388 TI - Recommendations to the editors of biochemical journals. Nomenclature, abbreviations, symbols. PMID- 3245389 TI - Evaluation of gastrin secretion in diabetic subjects with normal or abnormal cardiovascular autonomic function tests. AB - The serum gastrin response to a meat extract drink was measured in 16 non diabetic subjects, in 40 diabetic subjects and 9 patients with positive tests for gastric parietal cell antibodies. Standard cardiovascular autonomic function tests were also performed in diabetic subjects. The test drink produced a highly significant rise in the serum gastrin concentration (p less than 0.001). Diabetic subjects with normal cardiovascular autonomic function tests had slightly lower stimulated gastrin concentrations than non-diabetic subjects. In diabetic subjects with abnormal cardiovascular autonomic function tests the distribution of gastrin concentrations after the test drink was bimodal. Eleven out of 20 had 45-min gastrin concentrations greater than 120 pg/ml, compared with 2 out of 20 diabetics with normal cardiovascular autonomic function tests and 1 out of 16 non diabetic subjects (p less than 0.001). Much higher gastrin responses were found in 5 out of 9 patients with positive tests for gastric parietal cell antibodies. An increased gastrin response may be found in patients with abnormal autonomic function but its value as a marker is limited by the small amplitude of the change and by the significant prevalence of atrophic gastritis, in which much higher gastrin responses may be found. PMID- 3245390 TI - The influence of increasing glucose concentrations on selected functions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. AB - The influence of increasing glucose concentrations on some essential functions in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) was evaluated in vitro in 20 healthy persons. PMN chemotaxis, adherence, phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity were estimated. Higher than physiologic glucose concentrations were found to diminish chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity. The results obtained may indicate another possible mechanism that accounts for the increased susceptibility to infection observed in diabetic patients. However, PMN adherence rose parallel with increasing glucose concentrations reaching maximum values at 300 mg/dl (16.6 mmol/l). The changes of PMN adherence may suggest the participation of these cells in the development of microangiopathic injuries. PMID- 3245391 TI - Erythrocyte insulin receptor: normalization of binding data for the average cell age by the red cell creatine determination in obese, diabetic and acromegalic patients. AB - Insulin binding studies performed in erythrocytes (RBC) have been employed in clinical studies assessing the status of insulin receptors at target cell tissues. However, some authors challenged this assumption on the basis of some discrepancies described in comparative studies of other cell types, probably related to populations of different cell age affecting insulin binding to RBC. We evaluated insulin binding to RBC in normal males (n = 10), non-obese diabetic males (n = 13), normal females (n = 15), obese (n = 11) and acromegalic females (n = 5), before and after correction of insulin binding data for creatine concentration in the RBC as a procedure of correction for age, since a negative correlation was described between creatine content and RBC age which also correlates inversely with % insulin binding. Insulin binding in all three groups of patients was not statistically different from corresponding values for normal males and females respectively before correction of data for creatine, but significantly reduced values were found after adjustment for creatine in accordance with published data concerning monocytes. In conclusions, the procedure of correcting insulin binding in erythrocytes by the creatine content in RBC is potentially useful for clinical investigations, since the influence of RBC age is excluded. PMID- 3245393 TI - Upper gastrointestinal involvement in diabetes mellitus: study of esophagogastric function. AB - The aim of our study was to evaluate in 18 diabetic patients (11 with and 7 without evidence of autonomic neuropathy as revealed by common cardiovascular tests) alterations indicative of autonomic nervous involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, independently of the presence of suggestive symptoms. All patients, without evidence of obstructive or mucosal pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract, underwent the following: 1) study of gastric emptying time of nonabsorbable radiopaque markers (90, 120, 150 and 210 min); 2) study of gastric acid secretion: basal (BAO) and peak (PAO) acid output after sham-feeding (PAOSF) and peak acid output after pentagastrin (PAOPENT).PAOSF/PAOPENT ratio is an index of vagal integrity; 3) esophageal manometry. Our data confirm that a delayed gastric emptying of undigestible solids is a frequent finding in diabetic subjects. This was highly significant (p less than 0.01) at 150 min after a standard meal, in patients with signs of autonomic neuropathy and was often associated with asymptomatic esophageal motor abnormalities. No correlation was found with index of vagal integrity, hormonal pattern and degree of glycemic control. Autonomic neuropathy cannot be considered the only explanation for gastric and esophageal abnormalities in decompensated diabetes. PMID- 3245392 TI - Glycated serum proteins and glucose tolerance. AB - Glycated serum proteins (GSP), stable glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) together with some metabolic parameters were evaluated in 120 subjects, 30 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 30 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 30 with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDD), and 30 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD). GSP levels were significantly higher in IGT, NIDD and IDD than in NGT. HbA1c levels were not significantly higher in IGT in comparison with NGT, but were significantly higher in NIDD and in IDD than in NGT and IGT. GSP correlated better than HbA1c with all metabolic parameters considered. Taking into account the distribution of the values, GSP showed a smaller overlap than HbA1c in all four groups studied. Moreover, only 9 subjects (30%) with IGT showed GSP levels above the normal range. Therefore, GSP assay is able to distinguish between normal and diabetic subjects but is unable by itself to discriminate subjects with normal from those with reduced glucose tolerance. PMID- 3245395 TI - [Selective lower cholangiography with manometric guidance. Normal radio-anatomy of the biliary-pancreatic junction]. PMID- 3245394 TI - Enzymes of lysosomal origin in the serum of infants of diabetic mothers behavior in the first days after birth. AB - The serum levels of the two enzymes of lysosomal origin, beta-N-acetyl-D glucosaminidase and beta-D-glucuronidase, and the isozyme pattern of the former, were determined in control infants and in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) on the 1st and 5th day after birth. IDM were divided into three groups. Group 1: class A diabetic mothers treated dietetically; Groups 2 and 3: class A and classes B, C, D diabetic mothers, respectively, treated with insulin. All, but one, diabetic mothers were in excellent metabolic control. In the controls the serum levels of both enzymes were quite elevated on the 1st day after birth, reflecting the condition of the mothers at the end of pregnancy, and increased further on the 5th day, presumably as a result of the concurrent burst of antiinsulin hormones. In Group 1 IDM the serum levels of the two enzymes were higher than in controls, on the 1st day, probably reflecting the higher concentrations present in the mothers at the end of pregnancy than in controls, but equalling the condition of normal neonates on the 5th day. This indicates that IDM of this group had a normal post-natal response of the lysosomal apparatus to hormone stress. In Groups 2-3 IDM the enzyme levels on the 1st day could not be distinguished from those of controls, while on the 5th day a decrease was seen, suggesting reduced effect of the antiinsulin hormone burst on the lysosomal apparatus. The isozyme pattern of beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase in all IDM was similar to that of controls. The behavior of serum lysosomal enzymes of Groups 2-3 IDM is a further indication that the lysosomal apparatus is extremely sensitive to even small metabolic perturbations occurring in diabetic mothers during pregnancy. PMID- 3245396 TI - [Clinical and biological approach to symptomatic biliary lithiasis]. PMID- 3245397 TI - [Diagnosis of biliary microlithiasis. The value of the detection of cholesterol microcrystals]. PMID- 3245398 TI - [The contribution of various lithotripsy technics in the treatment of common bile duct calculi]. PMID- 3245399 TI - [Functional disorders of Oddi's sphincter following cholecystectomy. Endoscopic manometric study]. PMID- 3245400 TI - Bloodsucking Diptera (Culicidae, Psychodidae, Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, Tabanidae) collected in Suriname, 1978-1982. PMID- 3245402 TI - Gnathostomiasis in The Netherlands. PMID- 3245401 TI - Single-dose comparative kinetics and bioavailability study of quinine hydrochloride, quinidine sulfate and quinidine bisulfate sustained-release in healthy male volunteers. PMID- 3245403 TI - Is the case of presumed imported gnathostomiasis in The Netherlands a peculiar autochthonous case of anisakiasis? PMID- 3245404 TI - [Radiological study on stenotic inflammatory lesions in the small intestine--with special reference to the differential diagnosis of the radiological stenotic form]. PMID- 3245405 TI - [A study of acid deoxyribonuclease and acid phosphatase activity in rheumatoid synovial fluid]. PMID- 3245406 TI - [A study on radiological mucosal patterns of flat and depressed type early gastric cancers--with special references to the differences between mucosal patterns of the affected mucosal regions and of the adjacent non-cancerous mucosa]. PMID- 3245407 TI - [A study on the ulcer in the upper portion of the stomach with special reference to the ulcer on the watershed--in connection with the mucosal blood volume, hemoglobin-oxygen saturation and hemodynamics of the gastric wall in the watershed]. PMID- 3245408 TI - [Studies on the mechanisms of the antiatherogenic effect of Ca-antagonists]. PMID- 3245409 TI - [A clinical study on the colo-rectal polyps treated by endoscopic polypectomy]. PMID- 3245410 TI - [A retrospective study on the findings of indirect fluorography in gastric cancer with special reference to the course and interval of gastric mass surveys]. PMID- 3245411 TI - [A study on the gastric carcinoma in mass survey--with special reference to the position and the visualizing ability of indirect fluororadiography]. PMID- 3245413 TI - [Clinico-pathological investigation of the neonatal myocardial necrosis]. PMID- 3245412 TI - [A role of fibronectin in patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma]. PMID- 3245414 TI - Effect of herbicides on growth of some microscopic soil fungus species. AB - The effect of 14 herbicides and two herbicide combinations of three microscopic soil fungus species was investigated by Miller's method. (i) None of the 14 herbicides and 2 combinations belonging to four derivative groups induced the growth of Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus nigricans; (ii) Higher doses of the herbicides prevented the growth of all test organisms significantly, the triasin derivative Hungazin PK being the less and tiocarbamate derivatives Alirox B 80 EC, Anelda Plus 80 EC and Anelda III being the most inhibitory. (iii) The sensitivity of test organisms against the examined herbicides decreased in the order of Fusarium, Rhizopus, Aspergillus. PMID- 3245415 TI - New facets of space medicine. PMID- 3245416 TI - Two types of head-shaking tests in vestibular examination. AB - In clinical vestibular examination, there are two types of head-shaking tests, in each of which the patient's head is shaken in a similar way. One is the head shaking test for the detection of latent spontaneous vestibular nystagmus. In this test, the patient's eyes are observed for nystagmus immediately after a passive rapid head-shaking around a vertical axis, using Frenzel's glasses in a dark room. The nystagmus is induced frequently in patients with peripheral and central vestibular disturbances. In peripheral vestibular disturbances, the induced nystagmus can be classified into deficiency-type nystagmus, recovery-type nystagmus and biphasic nystagmus which is usually a mixture of the two. A second head-shaking test is the head-shaking test for the evaluation of jumbling. In this test binocular visual acuity is measured while the patient shakes his head two or three times per second, ten to twenty degrees horizontally or vertically, and compared with that when his head is still. A diagnosis of jumbling is made when the visual acuity during head-shaking is less than half the visual acuity when the head is motionless. PMID- 3245417 TI - Differential diagnosis of vertigo--combined galvanic test and MRI. AB - Differential diagnosis of the disease entities of vertigo are important in clinical investigations. Many concepts and procedures have been proposed for available diagnostic tests. Recent basic and clinical studies proved the efficacy and reliability of galvanic tests, including galvanic nystagmus test (GNT) and galvanic body sway test (GBST), emphasizing that the effects of galvanization are: 1) on the action potential in vestibular nerve and 2) on the resting discharge of the vestibular nerve. These suggest further that galvanic nystagmus reaction (GNT) is mainly a manifested reaction of the semicircular canal system, while galvanic body sway such as spinal reflexes (includ. GBST) are mainly a reaction of the otolithic system. The purpose of this paper is to review briefly the previous results of GBST in our laboratory; and to introduce a newly devised combined galvanic test, simultaneous recording of both GBST and GNT; and also introduce magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum with brainstem relating the central vestibular system, both of which help us to make a more defined diagnosis of the central origin vertigo. On CGT of a normal subject, galvanic eye movements are constantly induced showing the initial eye deviation and the following main deviation during galvanization, on both eyes, which are almost similar and occur synchronously. Galvanic body sway is also induced well with individual components, as described in the previous papers. CGT of the cases with vertigo revealed abnormal response patterns in each disease. PMID- 3245418 TI - Vestibular neuronitis in childhood. AB - Over a 14-year period commencing in 1973, we followed 177 children less than 12 years old suffering from vertigo and/or disequilibrium. In 35 of 177 patients, the vertigo-like condition was due to peripheral causes: 10 sudden deafness, six vestibular neuronitis, three benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and three Meniere's disease. In this paper, two cases of pediatric vestibular neuronitis will be reported in detail. All six patients with vestibular neuronitis were boys, and the affected sides were equally distributed in the group. The patients recovered within two to four weeks, a prognosis which is better than that observed in adults. With regard to directional nystagmus, the gaze was bilateral in five patients and vertical in two. They showed neuro-otologic findings that suggest not only unilateral dysfunction but also bilateral disorders or partial lesions on the central vestibular system. Consequently, in the hope that the study of vertigo in childhood may provide additional clues to the pathogenesis of the disease in adults, we would like to consider two cases of pediatric cases of vestibular neuronitis. PMID- 3245419 TI - A new gustometer for computer evaluation of taste responses in men and animals. AB - Many previous attempts to acquire gustatory evoked potentials (GEPs) in both men and animals could not satisfy strict requirements on purely unimodal stimulation free of contaminating artifacts. Therefore we developed an advanced new gustometer, based on our previous experience on olfactory evoked potentials, especially on magnetic valves as also used in our "Erlangen olfactometer". Several newly constructed magnetic valves were tested; the best one (MV3) enables us to fulfill the following indispensable conditions for proper averaging by computer: precise onset and duration of stimulus, and shortest possible stimulus rise and fall times. Tactile artifacts were avoided by constant rinsing of the tongue with neutral water, in which the taste stimulus was embedded without turbulences. By recording and averaging the galvanic skin response (GSR) at the same time, its influence on GEPs was compensated. To evaluate successfully objective correlates of taste sensation in man is believed to be of great basic and clinical importance. PMID- 3245420 TI - Electrogustometry of the soft palate as a topographic diagnostic method for facial paralysis. AB - Electrogustometry (EGM) of the soft palate, innervated by the gustatory fibers running via the greater petrosal nerve, was performed in 10 cases with facial paralysis due to suprageniculate lesions to evaluate its clinical validity as a topographic diagnostic method. Lacrimal function was also examined for comparison. The results obtained from EGM showed a significantly increased threshold on the affected side in 90% of the cases. However, the lacrimal secretion decreased only in 40% using Schirmer No. 2 test. The results of the present study strongly suggest that EGM of the soft palate reflects the function of this nerve better than Schirmer test, and EGM is clinically useful for the topographic diagnosis of peripheral facial nerve lesions. PMID- 3245421 TI - Laryngotracheal reconstruction following trauma or cancer ablative surgery. AB - The purpose of this report is to analyse the results of a variety of airway reconstructions in order to formulate a recommended therapeutic approach. There were 43 patients who had 64 operations for laryngeal and/or tracheal defects at the Ohio State University. The majority (77%) of the reconstructions were totally successful in providing an airway that did not require a tracheotomy tube and a voice capable of communication. There have been no patients where airway reconstruction was totally unsuccessful. PMID- 3245422 TI - High-speed digital imaging of vocal fold vibration. AB - A new method of digitally imaging vocal fold vibration using a solid-state image sensor attached to a conventional camera system is reported. The obtained image signals are stored in an image memory in combination with a personal computer through a high-speed A/D converter. The maximum frame rate for analysis is 4000 fps. After storage of data, images can be reproduced and displayed on a monitor screen as a form of slow-motion display. The system has proved useful for clinical examination of pathological vocal fold vibration. PMID- 3245423 TI - CO2 laser for treating glottic carcinoma. AB - Fifty cases of glottic carcinomas treated with CO2 laser were reviewed. The recurrence rate was fairly high (19/50), especially in T1b and T2 cases. The recurrences were successfully treated in all but 1 case who refused treatment. The 3-year crude survival rate was 92% and the 3-year determinate survival rate was 98%. The ultimate voice conservation rate was 100% for T1a, 76% for T1b and 71% for T2 cases. The results led us to the following conclusion: (1) glottic T1a carcinomas can be eradicated with laser excision biopsy preserving good vocal function; (2) for glottic T1b and selected cases of T2, laser debulking followed by radiotherapy is one of the best choices of treatment. PMID- 3245424 TI - CO2 laser management of laryngeal carcinoma. PMID- 3245426 TI - Obstructive sleep dyspnea. Diagnosis and treatment. AB - Polysomnography was performed on obstructive sleep dyspnea patients before and after treatment. Based on the value of intraesophageal pressure, the grade of respiratory disturbance was classified in 4 groups; normal, slightly obstructed, moderately obstructed and highly obstructed. In general, as the grade advanced, more parameters showed abnormality, Transnasal continuous positive pressure (CPAP) was a useful diagnostic method to evaluate the severity of obstruction. During the past 7 years, polysomnography has been performed on 50 children and 62 adults who complained of sleep dyspnea. Only highly obstructed cases underwent surgery; intranasal corrective surgeries, adenotonsillectomy, sinusectomy, UPPP and any combination of these. Most of them had more than one cause. After surgery, all of them were satisfied, except for a few whose snores were not so loud even when we tested before surgery. Postoperative survey by inquiry sheets demonstrated that recovery of sound sleep and enough rest resulted in refreshing and active lives during daytime. PMID- 3245425 TI - Clinical study of juvenile laryngeal papilloma. AB - For the past 10 years, children with juvenile laryngeal papillomas have been treated with medical and surgical procedures at the many otolaryngology departments in Thailand. Data and statistics on those patients from 6 university hospitals and a medical center under the Ministry of Public Health are presented. Problems and results of medical and surgical treatment are discussed. PMID- 3245427 TI - Factors influencing the goblet cell density in paranasal sinuses. AB - The goblet cell density in normal and abnormal paranasal sinuses is presented and compared with other areas of the respiratory tract. Several factors influencing the goblet cell density are discussed. PMID- 3245428 TI - Eosinophils in nasal secretion. AB - In order to understand the migration mechanism and character of eosinophils in the nose, the eosinophils in nasal mucosa and secretion were observed morphologically and physicochemically. In our electron microscopic observation of animal and human nasal mucosa, eosinophils migrated through the intercellular space, projecting pseudopods into the apical region of the space and splitting the junctions between epithelial cells. However, a freeze-fracture study in the experimental animals showed that the morphology of tight junction was not significantly changed except for slight decrease in the number of strands in antigen challenged animals. Eosinophilotactic activity was clearly demonstrated in nasal secretion of patients with allergic rhinitis. The factor in nasal secretion was a molecule smaller than 10,000 and sensitive to heating in higher degree. Additionally, the eosinophils in nasal secretion were hypodense, implying that they may be in activated state. PMID- 3245429 TI - Recent advances in laryngo, pharyngo, esophageal reconstruction. AB - Laryngopharyngeal reconstruction has remained a challenging field since the performance of the first laryngectomy near the turn of the century. Cutaneous, myocutaneous and colonic reconstruction is still occasionally used but is fraught with a high stenosis and fistula rate. Gastric pull-up has remained the procedure of choice for single staged pedicled reconstruction. Free tissue transfer has brought a new era to this field by adding another single staged reconstruction. This publication reviews our experience with free jejunal transfer and reviews recent developments in laryngopharyngeal reconstruction. PMID- 3245430 TI - Computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction of paranasal sinuses and its application. AB - Computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction techniques have been used for reconstruction of the paranasal sinuses and their related structures. Coronal polytomographic serial slices of Fuji Computed Radiogram (FCR) of every 5 mm or horizontal tomographical serial slices of CT of every 4 mm were obtained from preoperative cases of chronic sinusitis. Boundaries of the target structures were digitalized into a computer. The reconstructed image was displayed on a monitor screen and could be rotated or tilted in all directions. The reconstructed models showed the spatial shapes of each sinus and the relationship between sinuses and related structures of individual cases. This information is useful for surgeons to obtain preoperative understanding of the entire anatomy of the diseased sinuses and to introduce to residents detailed surgical technique of endonasal sinus surgery. PMID- 3245431 TI - Improved endonasal sinus surgery by use of an operating microscope and a self retaining retractor speculum. AB - An improved method for better and safer endonasal sinus surgery by use of an operating microscope and a newly designed self-retaining retractor speculum has been developed. The advantages of this method are summarized as follows; 1) the target site is clearly magnified and focused, 2) both of the operator's hands are available for the surgery itself, 3) complete removal of the entire diseased tissues is possible, 4) the risk for complications is reduced, and 5) better training opportunities for the trainees are possible. The results of the surgery appear to be superior enough to recommend. PMID- 3245432 TI - Prognostic factors of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AB - This study included 2761 previously untreated NPC patients who were treated at National Taiwan University Hospital from 1969 to 1983. Factors affecting the prognosis revealed that initial staging played an important role. Younger male NPC patients survived better than the older ones. Female NPC patients were stronger than male NPC patients. A new histopathologic classification of NPC based on the cell type and degree of anaplasia was found to be well correlated to the survival rates. Excisional neck biopsy before definite initial treatment deteriorated the survival of NPC patients. That no excisional neck biopsy should be done unless NPC can be excluded in patients with upper neck nodes is strongly emphasized. Since combined regimens of low-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy improved the results of NPC patients, a further control study using the same protocol is strongly recommended. PMID- 3245433 TI - The role of nasal allergy in otitis media with effusion. A clinical study. AB - In order to clarify the role of Type I immunologic reactions in the etiology of otitis media with effusion (OME), kindergarten and elementary school children were given routine nasal allergy (NA) tests and otologic tests. Several children among them were evaluated for eustachian tube (ET) function before and after the intranasal histamine challenge, using the inflation-deflation test, and the nine step inflation and deflation tympanometric test. The results clarified that NA patients showed a high ratio (21%) of complication with OME, and that OME patients showed a high ratio (50%) of complication with NA. It was also found that the incidence of tubal dysfunction was higher in OME-patients with NA than in OME-patients without NA. The man period of time between the removal and replacement of a tympanostomy tube was 11 months in OME-patients with NA who underwent hyposensitization; whereas the mean period of time was 2 months in OME patients with NA who underwent no treatment for NA. The findings of the present study suggest that NA affects tubal function (even if the effect is temporary), and that NA may be a risk factor in OME-prone children. PMID- 3245434 TI - Fluctuations of middle ear aeration in atelectatic ears. AB - This is a prospective study of 27 eardrums which were found to be in an atelectatic condition before night sleep. On awakening in the morning, 10 (37.0%) of these ears were found to be inflated. The atelectasis as well as the presentation of spontaneous disappearance of the atelectasis were observed with the operating microscope. After awakening, the original atelectatic state reappeared within 65.7 min (on average). Spontaneous autoinflation of atelectatic ears cannot be explained by nocturnal CO2 diffusion into the middle ear, as CO2 would rediffuse within one order of time quicker than found-i.e. 6 min. The phenomenon emphasizes the fluctuating nature of atelectatic conditions. PMID- 3245435 TI - Effects of an anti-cholinergic on the function of patulous eustachian tube. AB - Clinical diagnoses concerning patulous eustachian tube are often difficult to make. Also, no specific therapy for patulous tube has been established. Therefore, in this experiment, we attempted to design a method by which we could examine tubal function and make both diagnoses and therapeutic evaluations of patulous tube. The tube of an ear suffering from patulous tube tended to be easily opened by air insufflation in comparison to that of a normal ear. The intra-tubal treatment of patulous tube by atropine, an anti-cholinergic, alleviated both the impaired tubal function and complaints such as ear fullness and autophonia. The results suggest that topical administration with anti cholinergics should be an effective treatment for patulous eustachian tube. PMID- 3245436 TI - Laserthermia on head and neck malignancies--experimental and clinical studies. AB - In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in thermotherapy. However, there is little information on localized laser hyperthermia (laserthermia) or on conventional hyperthermia technique applied to head and neck cancers. We have developed a ceramic probe to insert into tumor tissue and irradiate the Nd:YAG laser omnidirectionally. This probe can heat a spherical range of 1.5 cm to 43 degrees C. This paper concerns experimental and clinical studies on the effectiveness of laserthermia using our technique in the tumor of head and neck regions. The results obtained were as follows: histological findings and biochemical studies of arachidonic acid metabolites on normal rabbit tongue after laserthermia showed very slight effect and relatively short duration of the concomitant inflammation. The combination of laserthermia and CDDP chemotherapy was found to give a much better cytocidal effect on the tumor tissue in nude mice implanted with human thyroid cancer cells. In a clinical study on 21 cases with head and neck cancers, four cases showed complete and 13 cases showed partial remission after combined treatments of laserthermia and radiochemotherapy. Both basic experimental and clinical results have indicated a role for laserthermia in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Possible uses include the treatment of early cancer as well as advanced or recurrent cancer, where its therapeutic effect may be increased by combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. PMID- 3245437 TI - Congenital middle and inner ear anomalies. AB - For this study, 100 human temporal bones from 73 individuals, aged 31 gestational weeks to 39 years, each with anomalies of the middle and/or inner ear, were studied to identify the features, locations, and frequencies with which congenital anomalies occurred in these structures. The temporal bones had been removed at autopsy, fixed, dehydrated, embedded in celloidin, sectioned horizontally or vertically at 20 microns, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and studied under a light microscope. The anomaly in the middle ear most often found was wide dehiscence of the facial canal; hypoplastic cochlea was most frequently observed anomaly in the inner ear. The implications of these findings for development of the ear during fetal life are discussed. PMID- 3245438 TI - Barrier systems in the inner ear. AB - Because of the highly complicated function of the central nervous system and sensory organs, barrier systems have necessarily developed to ensure stability of the extracellular fluids bathing these organs. Several barrier systems which can influence the composition of the inner ear fluids are discussed. They are the 1) blood-labyrinth barrier, 2) cerebrospinal fluid-labyrinth barrier, and 3) middle ear-labyrinth barrier. The experimental data are shown to indicate that these barriers serve to protect the inner ear through selective permeability. Arachidonic acid metabolites, particularly compounds of the prostaglandin series, were identified in perilymph, and were increased by the administration of stress related hormones, and decreased after aspirin injection. The inner ear fluid composition responds to the changes of the surrounding fluid containing compartments. However, the degree of response appears to depend on the level of changes induced in the surrounding compartments. The concept of a threshold concentration of toxic substances in middle ear effusion to induce inner ear damage is also proposed. PMID- 3245439 TI - Implantable hearing aid in fourteen patients with mixed deafness. AB - An implantable hearing aid (IHA) in which the stapes was directly driven by a ceramic vibrator of bimorph design was applied to fourteen patients with mixed deafness of varying degree due to chronic otitis media. In the partial IHA system, only the output transducer and secondary coil are implanted, the remainder of the components such as microphone, amplifier, battery and primary induction coil remain in the location behind the auricle. The vibrator was activated by an electric signal transmitted electromagnetically through the induction system from the outer unit. All the patients admitted that sound quality provided by the IHA was natural, clear and easy to hear without causing fatigue in long-term use. Speech discrimination test under noise circumstance showed that acoustic perception by the IHA was superior to that by a conventional hearing aid. In four patients, however, the implanted unit was replaced with a new one due to recurrence of cholesteatoma, head trauma, and accidental disruption of wire by manipulating the ear canal. They regained good hearing after re-implantation. PMID- 3245440 TI - Pharmacokinetics of coenzyme Q10 in recovery of acute sensorineural hearing loss due to hypoxia. AB - Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has already been favorably evaluated in the clinical treatment of heart disease. In the otolaryngological field, it has been reported that CoQ10 is effective in promoting recovery from acute sudden deafness. However, the pharmakinetics of CoQ10 in the inner ear is not yet clarified. The present study focuses upon the pharmacokinetics of CoQ10 using guinea pigs with acute sensorineural hearing loss artificially induced by hypoxia conditions. The respiration of the animals was controlled in an artificial respirator while the ABR, ECG and blood pressure were monitored. Repeated hypoxia caused a gradual disappearance of the ABR. After the experiments, the animals were sacrificed and brain and inner ear were examined by histological and histochemical methods as well as by SEM and TEM. The results indicated that CoQ10 is effective in promoting recovery from damage in auditory hairs as well as preventing respiratory metabolic impairment of hair cell due to hypoxia. PMID- 3245441 TI - [Otorhinolaryngology: advances of the specialty]. PMID- 3245442 TI - [Role of Semont's maneuver in the diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal positional vertigo. Critical review of 310 cases]. PMID- 3245443 TI - [Ethmoidal involvement in craniofacial injuries]. PMID- 3245444 TI - [Voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy: our experience with Singer-Blom prosthesis]. PMID- 3245445 TI - [Functional lateral neck dissection in the treatment of NO laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 3245446 TI - [Chromatographic separation and simultaneous determination of sulfathiourea, sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfadimidine]. PMID- 3245447 TI - [Experimental animal studies of absorption of vitamin A palmitate dissolved in various plant oils]. PMID- 3245448 TI - [Aspects of selection of the stationary phase for evaluation of gas chromatography log P]. PMID- 3245449 TI - Guaianolides and other constituents from Centaurea sinaica. PMID- 3245450 TI - [Formulation of effervescent tablets containing acetylsalicylic acid. I. Investigation of granulation parameters]. PMID- 3245451 TI - [Determination of lactate in parenteral solutions by enzymatic and spectrophotometric micromethods]. PMID- 3245452 TI - [Possibilities of determining hydrophobic constants by thin-layer chromatographic methods]. PMID- 3245453 TI - [HPLC separation of amino acid enantiomers on reversed phase columns by means of L-asparaginic acid-alpha-butyl ester copper (II) complex]. PMID- 3245455 TI - Timolol prodrugs: preparation and hydrolysis kinetics of N-benzoyl carbamate esters of timolol and related compounds. PMID- 3245454 TI - Biotransformation of terodiline. IV. Identification of unconjugated and conjugated metabolites in dog and human urine. PMID- 3245456 TI - Evaluation of heat-conduction microcalorimetry in pharmaceutical stability studies. I. Precision and accuracy for static experiments in glass vials. PMID- 3245457 TI - Dependence between intra- and extracellular action potentials of isolated frog muscle fibres at different temperatures. AB - The intra- and extracellular action potentials of isolated frog muscle fibre immersed in a volume conductor at different temperatures are described. It was found that upon increasing the temperature the amplitude of the first time derivative of the intracellular action potentials increased linearly, whereas the amplitude of the second time derivative increased nonlinearly. The duration of the separate phases of the time derivatives shortened upon heating, as the velocity of spreading of the excitation increased. The length of the separate phases of the space derivatives of the action potential shortened when increasing the temperature. The amplitudes of the space derivatives were calculated. The changes in the derivatives of the action potential were explained by the influence of the temperature on the peak inward and outward transmembrane current. The changes in the extracellular action potentials produced by the temperature near the membrane and at longer radial distance at points far and near the end of the fibre are described. They were explained by the changes in the space derivatives of the intracellular action potential as well as by the features of the distribution of the extracellular potential field in the volume conductor around the finite-in-length excitable fibre. PMID- 3245458 TI - Application of the equiweight analysis method for the evaluation of the origin of the N1 and N2 waves of visual evoked potentials. AB - The applicability of the equiweight analysis method was studied with a view to evaluating the position in depth of the two dominating waves of the visual evoked potentials, recorded from the scalp of human subjects upon the appearance of a sinusoidal grating. The stimulus spatial frequency was 2, 4, 8 or 16 c/deg and its contrast was 0.2 or 0.3. The data of the topographic studies confirm earlier observations that the N1 wave with latency of about 100 ms was localized medially with maximum in Oz, while the N2 wave with latency of about 150 ms was spread over a wider area of the scalp. The results of the equiweight analysis corresponded to the evidence of cortical origin of N1. The wide propagation of the N2 wave proved to be an obstacle for the applicability of the method, although it seems promising when the source of the visual evoked potential is limited in area. PMID- 3245459 TI - Studies on the nature of superoxide dismutase activity in sheep liver subcellular fractions. AB - In the absence or in the presence of 10(-4)M EDTA cytosolic and lysosomal CuZnSOD and MnSOD activities were differentiated as enzymatic and nonenzymatic (SOD like). Both activities were about three times lower in mitochondrial matrix compared to those in cytosol and lysosomes. The cytosolic and lysosomal CuZnSOD showed an equal electrophoretic pattern: three peaks of SOD activity with Rf values of 1 = 0.10 and 0.12; 2 = 0.16 and 0.18; 3 = 0.21 and 0.22, respectively. The low anodic mobility was explained by the high isoelectric points (pI) of the three CuZnSOD isoenzymes (approximately 5.7, approximately 6.5 and approximately 7.5) contained both in cytosol and in lysosomes. PMID- 3245460 TI - Angular velocity and acceleration of the QRS vector in the electrocardiogram of rabbits. AB - The curves of the spatial angular velocity (AV) and of its first derivative (AA) are described for 103 healthy rabbits. After analog-to-digital conversion, the amplified X-, Y- and Z-signals after McFee and Parungao are fed for calculation on a microcomputer. In 41 per cent of the cases the AV curve has two basic waves, in 29 per cent--three, in 21 per cent--one, and in 9 per cent--four, which coincide with the lowest points in the spatial magnitude curve. The AA curve consists of biphasic waves with approximately identical amplitudes of their positive and negative parts. The results are interpreted in connection with the chronotopography of the ventricular depolarization and reorientation of the activation front. PMID- 3245462 TI - Sleep and exercise. 5th International Sleep Conference. Copenhagen, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3245461 TI - Effect of bevelling on C1-selective microelectrodes: experimental and model study. AB - Bevelling of the ultra-fine tips of C1-selective microelectrodes (ME) based on liquid ion-exchanger Corning 477913 caused significant decrease in ME resistivity, increase in sensitivity dependent on its initial value and decrease in selectivity constant for bicarbonates (KC1,HCO3) from 10:1 to approximately 8:1. Bevelling did not affect KC1,NO3 which had value below 1 due to higher selectivity of the ion-exchanger for nitrates. The observed experimental alterations in ME behavior after bevelling were in agreement with those predicted by a relatively simple electrical model comprising of two conductive pathways in parallel having opposite in sign sensitivities. PMID- 3245463 TI - Epidemiology of exercise effects on sleep. AB - This survey was designed to study the characteristics of sleep and perceived factors promoting and disturbing sleep. Several living habits, such as exercise, and characteristics of sleep were investigated independently of each other by a pretested questionnaire and a sleep diary which were mailed to a stratified random sample of 200 men and women in each of the age groups 36, 41, 46 and 50 years (N = 1600). The response rate was 75%. Every third respondent felt that exercise (e.g. jogging and evening walks) had a positive impact on sleep quality. The most frequently perceived positive effects of exercise were ease of falling asleep, deepness of sleep, a sense of wellbeing and more alertness in the morning. Negative perceived effects of exercise were uncommon. The balance of positive and negative perceived effects of exercise was more favourable when the activity was performed early in the evening compared to late at night. When both the intensity and the timing of exercise were considered, light and moderate exercise, especially early in the evening, had mainly positive effects on sleep. The frequency of negative impacts increased when the exercise was performed vigorously late at night. However, a considerable portion of vigorous late exercisers reported mainly positive effects. The available information suggests that especially light and moderate exercise early in the evening should be emphasised in health education as a means to enhance sleep and to improve its quality. However, the epidemiological information about exercise and sleep should be investigated and verified in detail using objective methods and controlled interventions. PMID- 3245465 TI - Physical exercise and sleep: the effect of the age and sex of the subjects and type of exercise. AB - Exercise has generally been held to result in an increase in slow wave sleep (SWS) and sleep duration. We report the results of three experiments which assessed the effects of exercise on the sleep of young fit women as compared to young fit men; fit older men (aged 41 years) as compared to fit younger men (aged 22 years); and the effects of power exercise on the sleep of a group of trained power lifters. In each experiment physically fit subjects had their sleep assessed following both late afternoon exercise and no exercise conditions. In none of the experiments did exercise result in an increase in SWS or sleep duration. Instead the tendency was for exercise to affect sleep adversely. PMID- 3245464 TI - Exercise habits and sleep in a middle-aged Finnish population. PMID- 3245466 TI - Epidemiological aspects of sleep in general public and hospital outpatient samples. AB - A survey designed to elicit the subjective effect of specific influences on sleep duration and sleep quality was carried out. The sample consisted of 400 individuals selected in a random manner from the general population and a further 400 individuals representing consecutive attenders at the outpatient department of a large teaching hospital. The response rate for the two groups was 97% and 99% respectively. In a question regarding habits which aid in sleep onset, four fifths of those exercising with a frequency of at least twice per month spontaneously reported exercise as a factor in promoting sleep. PMID- 3245467 TI - Circadian temperature rhythm blunting and sleep composition. AB - The sleep patterns of nine male subjects were studied on four consecutive nights comprising two baseline nights, one night on which environmental temperature was elevated from 21 degrees C to 30 degrees C one hour after lights out, and a recovery night. There was a suppression of stage 4 sleep during the initial three hours of sleep on the hot night. A significant increase in stage 4 sleep with a decrease in stage 2 sleep occurred during the first three hours of the recovery sleep. There was a shortening in sleep onset latency and an increase in sleep efficiency on the recovery night. There were no changes in REM latency or REM sleep time. Rectal temperature rose after the increase in ambient temperature on the hot night. These results indicate that elevations in environmental temperature during sleep affect sleep patterns in a manner opposite to elevations of body temperature occurring prior to sleep onset. The curtailing of the usual circadian temperature drop during the first few hours of sleep reduces slow-wave sleep during this period. These findings have implications for those conditions with both altered sleep and altered temperature rhythms, for example, depression. PMID- 3245468 TI - Submaximal exercise effects on sleep patterns in young women before and after an aerobic training programme. AB - We studied the sleep patterns of nine young women when sedentary (untrained) and following a 12 week physical fitness training programme. A comparison of baseline sleep patterns and of sleep patterns following one hour of submaximal exercise performed in the evening was carried out at 0 and 12 weeks. The submaximal exercise task was for each subject to cycle for one hour at 70% of her maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) as measured when untrained and on completion of the training programme respectively. Changes in fitness were assessed by changes in VO2 max and anaerobic threshold (AT). On the day leading to the all night baseline sleep recordings the subjects carried out their normal daily routines and did no specific exercise. Lean body mass (LBM) was calculated from total body potassium measurements before and after training. A significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness did not result in any changes in baseline sleep parameters. The response to the submaximal exercise was an increase in stage 2 NREM sleep and a decrease in slow-wave sleep (SWS, stages 3 & 4) which is possibly indicative of a stress effect. However, in the trained compared to the untrained state, SWS was significantly higher after an exercise load. PMID- 3245469 TI - [Synthesis of selected amines with potential hypotensive effects]. PMID- 3245470 TI - [Pharmaceutical availability and biological activity of ampicillin after rectal administration]. PMID- 3245471 TI - [A new anti-arrhythmia drug. I. Study of the anti-arrhythmia effects of a new N acyl derivative of procainamide in rabbits]. PMID- 3245472 TI - [Preliminary pharmacologic evaluation of new derivatives of 2-anilinoimidazoline and aminoimidazoline]. PMID- 3245474 TI - Visual letter-matching and the time course of visual and acoustic codes. PMID- 3245473 TI - [Hypolipemic and antiatherogenic effects of 2',4' dichlorobenzoate of 7 gamma(beta-hydroxypropyl)-theophylline (HME2)]. PMID- 3245475 TI - Foreperiod duration and the analysis of motor stages in a line-drawing task. PMID- 3245476 TI - Spatial S-R compatibility under head tilt. PMID- 3245477 TI - A 'priming' effect in a choice reaction time task. PMID- 3245478 TI - On the robustness of the additive factors stage structure in blocked and mixed choice reaction designs. PMID- 3245479 TI - The effect of visual attention on peripheral discrimination thresholds in single and multiple element displays. PMID- 3245480 TI - [Determination of myocardial infarct size from the activity curve of creatine kinase and MB-CK isoenzymes in blood]. PMID- 3245481 TI - [Comparison of the effects of fenofibrate administered in doses of 3 x 100mg and 1 x 250mg per day in patients with type IIA, IIB and IV hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 3245482 TI - Hypoprotein nutrition, phospholipid content and the phagocytic ability of rat peripheral blood granulocytes. Study II. PMID- 3245483 TI - [Natural and artificial feeding--effect on hospitalization of infants with acute diarrhea]. PMID- 3245484 TI - Recent investigations of toxoplasmosis II. Congenital toxoplasmosis and its role in neonatology. PMID- 3245485 TI - Coexistence of bilateral adrenocortical adenomas and right sided adrenal pheochromocytoma. PMID- 3245486 TI - Immunoreactive pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in gastrointestinal mucosa. AB - This study has shown that ileal and colonic mucosa contained roughly 1.2 microg/g of irPSTI. irPSTI from gastrointestinal mucosa eluted in a similar way to that of native PSTI after chromatographic separation and inhibited trypsin in a 1-1 molar way. The PSTI immunoreactive material was localized in the Paneth cells and the goblet cells in the small and large intestine. In normal gastric mucosa it was found in the foveolar cells while the acid and pepsinogen producing cells lacked PSTI immunoreactive material. In gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia a marked deficiency of PSTI was found. These findings indicate that gastrointestinal mucosa could be an additional source of irPSTI. Further studies are needed to elucidate if PSTI is involved in the defence of the gastrointestinal mucosa. PMID- 3245488 TI - Human bronchial proteinase inhibitor: rapid purification procedure and inhibition of leucocyte elastase in presence and in absence of human lung elastin. PMID- 3245487 TI - Semisynthetic inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase and their protective effect on lung elastin degradation in vitro. PMID- 3245489 TI - Human neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP, enkephalinase); function, distribution and release. PMID- 3245490 TI - Experimental studies on the adult respiratory distress syndrome: elastase infusion in normal and agranulocytic minipigs. PMID- 3245491 TI - Non-lysosomal, high-molecular-mass cysteine proteinases from rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 3245492 TI - Meprin phenotype and cyclosporin A toxicity in mice. PMID- 3245493 TI - Potential role of lysosomal proteases in gentamicin nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3245494 TI - Eglin C fails to reduce catabolism in acutely uremic rats. AB - Increased release of proteinases from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, namely elastase, has been incriminated to take part in the pathogenesis of enhanced muscle protein breakdown in acute renal failure. In order to investigate, whether inhibition of the granulocyte proteinase elastase and cathepsin G would have a beneficial effect on the extent of muscle protein degradation, eglin C, a potent inhibitor of the granulocyte proteinase elastase and cathepsin G, was administered intraperitoneally to acutely uremic rats. 48 hours after bilateral nephrectomy, eglin C-treated animals displayed no significant difference, as far as serum levels of SUN, glucose and Nt-methylhistidine are concerned. Similarly, eglin C treatment failed to reduce the stimulated activity of the alkaline myofibrillar proteinase in comparison to binephrectomized controls. Hence, according to these results, granulocyte proteinases do not seem to be an important mediator of uremic catabolism, since their inhibition by eglin C does not reduce enhanced protein breakdown in acutely uremic rats. PMID- 3245495 TI - Evidence for protein split products in plasma of patients with acute renal failure. PMID- 3245496 TI - Fibrinolysis caused by cardio-pulmonary bypass and shed mediastinal blood retransfusion--is it of clinical relevance? PMID- 3245498 TI - PMN elastase and leukocyte neutral proteinase inhibitor (LNPI) from granulocytes as inflammation markers in experimental-septicemia. PMID- 3245497 TI - Local and general defence mechanisms in bacterial and chemical peritonitis. PMID- 3245499 TI - Serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in seriously injured and septic patients. AB - Changes of serum PSTI in 49 patients with serious injury or sepsis were investigated. The patients were divided into three groups according to the maximum serum PSTI levels. The mean maximum PSTI was 14.3 +/- 5.7 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) in Group 1 (17 patients), 61.9 +/- 25.6 ng/ml in Group 2 (19 patients) and 678.6 +/- 401.3 ng/ml in Group 3 (13 patients). Serum PSTI in Group 1 stayed within the normal range. Serum PSTI in Group 2 rose from the second or third hospital day, reached its maximum within seven days, and returned to normal thereafter. All 13 patients in Group 3 were suffering from either sepsis (8 patients) or irreversible shock (5 patients) and serum PSTI showed a remarkably high level. Judging by multiple organ failure (MOF) index, there was a significant correlation between the maximum serum PSTI and the severity of traumatic stress, tissue destruction or infection. PMID- 3245500 TI - Serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in patients with inflammatory diseases. PMID- 3245501 TI - Increased mortality in septic rats after leupeptin application. PMID- 3245502 TI - Lysosomal enzymes and granulocyte elastase in synovial fluid after multiple traumatic injuries. PMID- 3245503 TI - A serine proteinase inhibitor in human articular cartilage possible role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint diseases. PMID- 3245504 TI - Detection of granulocyte elastase specific IgG split products in rheumatoid synovial fluid. AB - In vitro granulocyte elastase is known to cleave a large number of substrates e.g. complement components, fibrinogen, collagen and IgG. In vivo the enzyme is rapidly complexed by the plasma inhibitors a1proteinase inhibitor (a1PI) and a2macroglobulin. Therefore in biological fluids elastase is measured as the inactive a1PI-complex. We present a radioimmunoassay for elastase specific IgG split products as marker for the elastase activity in vivo. Elastase splits human IgG1 in Fab and Fc fragments and low molecular weight peptides. We produced specific antibodies against the elastase induced Fc fragment by immunization with an elastase generated peptide. After purification of the antibodies there is no crossreactivity with native IgG nor with similar Fc fragments produced by plasmin or papain. The elastase specific IgG split products are detected in synovial fluid samples of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The measured concentrations are higher in the RA group than in control groups of patients with other inflammatory joint diseases. PMID- 3245505 TI - Activation of leukocytes during prolonged physical exercise. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated an increment of circulating leukocytes and enhanced secretion of interleukin-1 by monocytes and macrophages during physical exercise. In the present study the effect of physical exertion on the activity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes was investigated. Following both short-term (running 2,000 meters) and long-term (running 10,000 meters) exertion, phorbol stimulated chemiluminescence, as an indicator of leukocytic oxygen radical formation and release of leukocytic elastase, as a parameter of degranulation, were determined immediately after running. The number of circulating leukocytes increased both after short-term (+21%) and long-term (+61%) exercise. There was a minor release of PMN elastase following short-term activity causing plasma levels of this compound to rise from 100 +/- 4.0 ng/ml to 116 +/- 12.3 ng/ml. Long-term exercise, on the other hand, induced a significant increase of elastase plasma levels from 107 +/- 9.1 ng/ml to 300 +/- 23.4 ng/ml, suggesting a remarkable release of this proteinase from neutrophils. Based on these findings we conclude that during physical exercise degranulation of PMN leukocytes occurs. Moreover, the fact that phorbol-stimulated chemiluminescence is decreased after running demonstrates an impaired capability of white cells to generate oxygen radicals. PMID- 3245506 TI - Inhibition of human neutrophil elastase by polyguanylic acid and other synthetic polynucleotides. PMID- 3245508 TI - Vascular endothelium in health and disease. Proceedings of the satellite symposium to the Fourth World Congress for Microcirculation on Vascular Endothelium in Health and Disease. August 5-6, 1987, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. PMID- 3245509 TI - Variability in microvascular estimates of capillary surface area for exchange. PMID- 3245507 TI - Development of Eglin c as a drug: pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3245510 TI - Carbohydrate regulated transendothelial transport of proteins. PMID- 3245511 TI - Computer tracking of endothelial activation responses. PMID- 3245513 TI - Computerized 3-D reconstruction of small blood vessels from high voltage electron micrographs of thick serial cross sections. AB - Morphological analysis of compartments in terms of volumes and the orientation of the cells and their nuclei within very small mesenteric arteries and arterioles is being carried out. Samples were from simultaneously sham operated and instrumented control and one-clip two kidney Goldblatt sustained (30 days) hypertensive dogs. Collection of specimens was standardized, i.e. sampling location, perfusion fixation, embedding, staining, and sectioning by methods proven to preserve in vivo dimensions. Serial thick cross sections (0.5 mu) were subjected to high voltage electromicrography (1.0 MeV) at 2500x and then linearly enlarged 3x photographically. The glossy micrographs (7500x) were made into montages and the contours of the smooth muscle layer (vascular smooth muscle), the endothelium (E), nuclei (N), and the internal lamina (IL) were digitized on a large GTCO digi-pad with input to a microcomputer (PC-Limited, Turbo) equipped with a 20 MB hard disk and coprocessor. Solid and transparent image reconstructions and computerized dissection of cell compartments were performed. Compartment volumes of vascular smooth muscle, IL, E and N, and individual cell and nuclear volumes, as well as nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios were calculated. Image reconstructions are presented. The emphasis is on methods and these are discussed in terms of useability for determining accurate microvessel morphology in health and disease, with particular emphasis on assessment of hypertrophy and hyperplasia in experimental hypertension, and architectural angiogenesis in general. PMID- 3245512 TI - Effects of cytochalasin B on the primary cultured capillary endothelium. PMID- 3245514 TI - Role of hemodynamic factors in atherogenesis. PMID- 3245515 TI - The role of arterial endothelial cell mitosis in macromolecular permeability. AB - The present experiments were performed on twelve male Wistar rats to study the quantitative, topographic correlation between transendothelial permeability of Evans Blue-albumin (EBA) conjugate and endothelial cell replication at the single cell level. En face preparations of the thoracic aorta were examined by fluorescence microscopy. We found a high degree of correlation between endothelial cell mitosis and EBA leaky spots. Although endothelial cell mitosis is very rare in occurrence, nearly all junctions around the dividing cells were leaky (99%), in contrast to only 0.03% of the non-mitotic cells. In addition, electron microscopic observations showed that the junction around a dividing endothelial cell is leaky, whereas that around a dying cell is not. With the aid of our theoretical model, we were able to analyze the dynamics of macromolecular passage through leaky endothelial junctions. The duration of endothelial cell mitosis was estimated to be 67 min, which constituted 0.01% of the duration of the total cell cycle. The time-dependent change in junctional geometry during endothelial cell turnover leads to an inverse relationship between macromolecular size and duration of junctional leakage. For albumin the duration of leakiness across aortic endothelial cell is approximately 3.7 hr. The present findings lend support to our hypothesis that transiently open junctions surrounding the dividing endothelial cells provide the major pathway through which macromolecules enter the subendothelial space to result in lipid accumulation. PMID- 3245516 TI - Leukocyte endothelium adhesion and microvascular hemodynamics. AB - In the present study we have attempted to provide quantitative details of hemodynamic determinants of leukocyte to endothelium adhesion in the microvasculature. To this end, several hypotheses have been advanced to suggest that the preferential adhesion of leukocytes in the larger venules (30-50 microns diameter) rests upon the inherent ability of the microvasculature to compensate for small perturbations in resistance and that WBC deformability may play a significant role in this process. Flow redistribution and attendant arteriolar vasomotor adjustments may forestall LEA in the larger collecting venules of the network, where venous obstruction may be countered by bringing the full weight of the arteriovenous pressure gradient to oppose WBC adhesion. Direct measurements of the force of adhesion suggest that with diminishing vessel diameter, as for example in the immediate post-capillary venules, WBC dispersal forces will be greatest due to dramatic increases in the proportionality between force and wall shear stress. This event would tend to preclude adhesion in the smallest venular microvessels. It has also been shown that there is a strong potential for WBC deformability to affect the adhesion process by modification of the shear stresses acting on the WBC surface, as evidenced by an inverse relationship between force and wall shear stress and direct observations of WBC shape changes with increasing shear. PMID- 3245517 TI - Morphometric studies on human leukocyte granules. PMID- 3245519 TI - [The clinical value of urinary polyamine analysis in urological disease]. AB - To study the clinical usefulness of the determination of urinary polyamine levels, voluntary urine of several urological diseases including 56 bladder tumor patients was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The obtained values were adjusted by the concentration of urinary creatinine and expressed as the unit of mumol/g creatinine (mumol/g Cr) From the measurement of 8 normal adults, the normal upper limit of each polyamine was decided by mean + 2SD, and the limit for total polyamine was 59.1 mumol/g Cr, putrescine 38.1 mumol/g Cr, spermidine 16.6 mumol/g Cr and spermine 9.2 mumol/g Cr, respectively. In the patients with non-neoplastic benign urological disease, the polyamine levels were statistically not different from those of the normal adults. In the case of bladder tumor, the urinary levels of total polyamine, putrescine and spermine were significantly elevated compared with the control group. The true positive rate of this determination in bladder tumor patients was 26/56 (46%) by total polyamine level, 21/56 (38%), by putrescine level, 11/56 (56%) by spermidine level and 16/56 (29%) by spermine level. Grade or stage of the bladder tumor did not have any significant correlation with the urinary polyamine level. This determination would not be included in routine clinical examinations due to the difficulty of measurement, difference of urine sampling and lack of high sensitivity and specificity. PMID- 3245520 TI - [Clinical studies on the recurrence of urolithiasis (5). Diurnal variation in urinary pH and stone compositions]. AB - Correlation of the composition of the urinary calculi with urine pH, especially of diurnal variation, and composition of urinary excretion was studied. Urine pH in the patients with uric acid stones was constantly low and urinary pH in the patients with apatite and struvite stones was always high. Diurnal variation was not observed. In patients with pure calcium oxalate stones, however, urinary pH was low in the early morning, increased during the daytime, and was lowered at night. In the patients with mixed calcium oxalate-phosphate stones, a similar diurnal variation in urinary pH was found, but the urinary pH in the early morning was significantly higher in the patients with mixed calcium oxalate phosphate stones than in those with pure calcium oxalate stones. Urinary tract infection did not influence these differences in urinary pH. Urinary excretion of calcium in the patients with mixed calcium oxalate-phosphate stones was significantly higher than that in those with pure calcium oxalate stones. No other correlations were observed between composition of the urinary calculi and urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphate or magnesium. From these findings we conclude that urinary pH and urinary calcium are the most important factors determining the composition of the urinary calculi. PMID- 3245521 TI - [Ultrasound-guided puncture for renal cyst and instillation of povidone iodine]. AB - Percutaneous puncture followed by instillation with 10% povidone iodine was performed on 23 patients with benign renal cysts. All patients showed remarkable reduction (mean: 86.6%) in size of renal cyst on sonography or computed tomography within a short time (mean: 143 days). Twelve (85.7%) of the 14 symptomatic patients due to the disease were relieved of subjective symptoms such as lumbago after instillation. In a 71 year-old man, microscopic hematuria disappeared after this treatment. There were no complications with this treatment except in one patient who suffered from perinephritis due to a technical problem. This treatment seems to be a safe and effective way to prevent recurrence of cystic fluid. PMID- 3245518 TI - [Results of combination chemotherapy in advanced urothelial cancer]. AB - Between April 1982 and March 1988, 28 patients with advanced urothelial cancer were treated with combination chemotherapy incorporating cisplatin at our hospital and the response was evaluated. Fourteen of them were managed by the CAP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide 300-500 mg/m2 day 1, doxorubicin 30-50 mg/m2 day 1, cisplatin 40-90 mg/m2 day 2), 7 by the FAP chemotherapy (fluorouracil 300 mg/m2 day 1-5, doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 day 1, cisplatin 15 mg/m2 day 1-5) and 7 by the MEP chemotherapy (etoposide 100 mg/m2 day 1-3, cisplatin 20 mg/m2 day 1-5, methotrexate 300 mg/body day 6). Four patients (28.6%) responded to the CAP regimen; a complete response was gained in one patient who had pulmonary metastasis of excised ureteral cancer and a partial response in 3 patients with intravesical and nodal (N3, N4) cancer. A partial response was noted in 3 patients (42.9%) in the FAP group. They had intravesical lesions and two of them had regional node metastasis (N3). A higher response rate (85.7%) was obtained by the MEP regimen; a complete response in 2, who had intravesical and nodal (N2, N4) cancer, and a partial response in 4 patients, 1 had intravesical cancer, 1 had nodal (N2) and intravesical cancer and 2 had nodal or lung metastasis of excised renal pelvic cancer. Toxicity included mild to severe vomiting, alopecia, myelosuppression and mild renal or liver dysfunction. High dose metoclopramide provided a high degree of protection against cisplatin induced emesis. The results with the MEP regimen are promising for the advanced, metastatic urothelial cancer. PMID- 3245522 TI - Isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum from urological out patients. AB - Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated in 25.5% of the patients with urethritis and in 12.9% of the patients with prostatitis. The organism was isolated more frequently in non-gonococcal urethritis than in gonorrheal urethritis. It may thus be said that the isolation rate was higher among patients with overt signs or symptoms as compared with the common isolation rate in urine reportedly being about 10%. PMID- 3245523 TI - [Experience with non-aseptic intermittent self-catheterization]. AB - Nineteen cases (7 males and 12 females) primarily with neurogenic bladder were treated in our department with non-aseptic intermittent self-catheterization during a period of approximately ten years and were followed for three months or more. The follow-up period was three years or more in eleven cases with a maximum of about ten years in one case. At present, this therapy is being continued in 13 cases and there were no cases in which this mode of therapy was discontinued because of undesirable effects. Dysuria improved in six cases, suggesting the effectiveness of this therapy in the management of the incompetent detrusor. Renal function remained almost unchanged and IVP findings improved in four of eight cases, suggesting the favorable effect of this therapy on the upper portion of the urinary tract. Although no serious complication occurred, 45.3% of the cases were complicated by UTIs. However, these infections could be controlled by antibacterial drugs. Antibacterial drugs were administered in all cases but the total dose was unexpectedly high. In view of the possible untoward effects associated with such high dose chemotherapy, we thought we should avoid the prophylactic use of antibacterial agents wherever possible. PMID- 3245524 TI - [Influence of temperature on the function of the human testes]. AB - The influence of temperature on human Leydig and Sertoli cell functions was investigated in vitro using the organ culture technique. Specific 125I-FSH and 125I-hCG binding sites in testes from patients with prostate cancer cultured for 1, 3, 5 or 7 days at 33 degrees C or 37 degrees C were measured and compared. There were no significant differences in 125I-FSH or 125I-hCG binding sites between the two temperature groups at 1 to 7 days of culture. Testosterone concentration in the medium obtained from testicular organ culture at 33 degrees C did not differ significantly from that at 37 degrees C at 1 to 7 days of culture. In conclusion, a high temperature may not disturb the Leydig and Sertoli cell functions in a short term. PMID- 3245525 TI - [Down-regulation of rat and human testicular hCG receptors by hCG]. AB - Changes in rat and human testicular human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) binding sites induced by hCG were estimated in vivo and in vitro. After a single administration of hCG, the specific hCG binding sites were significantly reduced for 7 and 5 days in rat and human testes, respectively. However, hCG binding sites had recovered to pretreatment values by the 14th day after the administration. Occupied hCG binding sites measured in both rat and human testes accounted for about half of the reduced binding sites on the day after administration of hCG, but thereafter the number of sites occupied was not correlated with the reduction of the binding induced a dose-related significant loss of the specific hCG binding sites for 7 and 5 days in rat and human testes, respectively. Thereafter, the number of binding sites gradually increased. These patterns of change in hCG binding sites in vitro were similar to those in vivo. These findings suggest that the reduction in hCG binding sites in rat and human testes by hCG is due not only to occupancy but also down-regulation of the binding sites. In conclusion, the present testicular organ culture method is useful to study hormonal regulation of testicular function, especially in human testes. PMID- 3245526 TI - [A case report of non-functioning adrenal carcinoma diagnosed by percutaneous needle biopsy and which responded to preoperative chemotherapy]. AB - A 51-year-old female complained of right upper abdominal pain. Non-functioning adrenal carcinoma was suspected from the laboratory data of elevated lactate dehydrogenase level and total amount of urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroid. To deny the possibility of other diseases, such as retroperitoneal sarcoma, a percutaneous needle biopsy of the tumor was carried out. As the pathological diagnosis was adrenal carcinoma, pre-operative chemotherapy consisting of cis dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP), adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and o,p'-DDD was carried out twice. The tumor size decreased after chemotherapy, and we could operate on the patient safely and relatively easily. Almost all of the tumor was replaced by a necrotic mass. However, cancer cells still remained in the peripheral lesion of the tumor, and the pathological diagnosis was the same as that of biopsy specimen. Although chemotherapy of adrenal carcinoma has not been established yet, we believe from the experience of this case that this disease should be treated by chemotherapy including CDDP. PMID- 3245527 TI - [A case of complete resolution of multiple metastases of advanced renal cell carcinoma following partial jejunotomy in intestinal metastases and interferon therapy]. AB - We report a rare case of advanced renal cell carcinoma which showed complete resolution of multiple metastases following nephrectomy, partial metastatectomy and interferon therapy. A 55-year-old male patient underwent right nephrectomy for the renal cell carcinoma with metastases to the right lung and the left femur. In 45 days from the nephrectomy, metastasis to the right humerus was discovered. Immediately after this, the patient suffered occlusive ileus. Laparotomy revealed multiple intestinal tumors, and a temporary partial jejunotomy was performed for the detectable lesions proved to be metastases later. After this operation the pulmonary lesion revealed regression. Then, the patient was treated with daily intramuscular administration of human lymphoblastic interferon (3 X 10(6) units). In consequence, the pulmonary lesion showed complete resolution in two months and the humeral lesion in five months. The left femur which remained osteolytic was replaced by an artificial bone, and revealed no cancer cells histologically. No evidence of metastatic lesion has been found with following intestinal examinations. More than a year has passed since the detection of disease and complete response has persisted for three months under the interferon therapy. PMID- 3245528 TI - [A case of prostatic carcinoma with osteolytic bone metastases]. AB - A 55-year-old man consulted us on December 3, 1986 with the chief complaints of left leg pain, disturbance in gait and dysuria. On digital rectal examination his prostate was found enlarged to a hen's egg size and increased in consistency. He was admitted to the hospital under the suspicion of prostatic cancer on December 8, 1986. Scout kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray revealed extensive osteolytic lesions in the left iliac and pubic bones as well as in the sacrum. Needle biopsy of the prostate demonstrated moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, leading to a diagnosis of prostatic cancer with osteolytic bone metastases. Bone scintigraphy showed increased radioactivity uptake by the left iliac and pubic bones. Pelvic CT disclosed large tumor masses in the left ilium and sacrum, which on bone biopsy were identified as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Endocrine therapy with estramustinphosphate and castration was performed along with transurethral resection of prostate. At week 16 after initiating the therapeutic regimen the patient was entirely free from disturbance in gait and the tumor mass of the left iliac bone had disappeared almost completely on the computed tomogram at week 18, although osteolytic lesions still persisted on the x-ray. This case deserves special note because endocrine therapy markedly reduced the size of the bone tumors, in spite of osteolytic bone metastases of prostatic cancer with computed tomographic evidence of large metastatic tumor masses. PMID- 3245530 TI - [The effects of ninzin-to with daiokanso-to in patients with chronic renal failure]. AB - The clinical effects of ninzin-to with daiokanso-to were studied on 15 patients with chronic renal failure. The level of urea nitrogen and creatinine in sera was slightly decreased in early days of treatment (about 3 months long), but thereafter these levels were gradually increased in many patients and 2 patients needed hemodialysis treatment. The effects of these drugs against subjective symptoms were found in bowel habits, general malasia and anorexia. The overall effective rate was 80% in early term and 60% in late term. There were no severe adverse reactions. PMID- 3245529 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the male urethra: report of two cases]. AB - Two cases of primary carcinoma of male urethra are reported. Case 1: A 31-year old male, who complained of urethral bleeding, was admitted to our clinic in April, 1982. A rice size papillary tumor was found at the fossa navicularis in the glans, and resected by electric knife. Histologically, the tumor was well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Case 2: A 37-year-old man, who complained of urethral bleeding, was admitted to our clinic in July, 1985. A tumor was found at the fossa navicularis in the glans and resected. Histologically, the tumor was well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma confined to mucosa. These two cases have not shown any signs of recurrence. Including these cases, 135 cases of primary carcinoma of urethra in the literature in Japan are reviewed. PMID- 3245531 TI - [A study of iopamidol (Iopamiron 370) in intravenous urography in the patients with previous adverse reactions to contrast media and history of allergy]. AB - Iopamidol (Iopamiron 370) was examined for use in intravenous urography in 37 patients who previously developed adverse reactions to conventional ionic contrast media or had a history of allergy. The patients were divided into three groups (group A1:22 patients with previous adverse reactions to contrast media, but without history of allergy, group A2:8 patients with previous adverse reactions to contrast media and with history of allergy, group B:7 patients with a history of allergy, but without experience of using contrast media. Adverse reactions to iopamidol were observed in 6 patients (one in group A1, four in group A2, one in group B) and there were no serious adverse reactions. In conclusion, iopamidol seems to be a safe contrast medium for the patients without history of allergy, but we should examine it carefully as in the case of conventional ionic contrast media. PMID- 3245532 TI - Blended effects of herbal components of tokishakuyakusan on rat corpus luteum function in vivo. AB - The effect of herbal components of Tokishakuyakusan on progestin levels in serum and ovarian tissue from rats treated with PMS and hCG was examined in vivo. Hoelen + peony root + Japanese angelica root increased progesterone/20 alpha-OHP ratio in serum, and hoelen or peony root also increased the ratio in ovarian tissue, while atractylodes lanceae rhizome or hoelen + atractylodes lanceae rhizome decreased the ratio in serum and ovarian tissue. These data suggested that hoelen or peony root has a luteotropic effect but that atractylodes lanceae rhizome develops luteolysis. Furthermore, the data indicated a blended effect of herbal components of Tokishakuyakusan on the corpus luteum. PMID- 3245533 TI - The pharmacological and pathological studies on several hepatic protective crude drugs from Taiwan (I). AB - This study is to investigate the hepatic protective effect of several Taiwan crude drug extractions on the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The pharmacological and pathological effects of Bupleurum chinense, Phellodendron wilsonii, Clematis chinensis and Hedyotis corymbosa were analyzed by liver enzyme function test and pathological studies. However, the results of amine transferase SGOT and SGPT have shown a significant hepatic protective effect after treatment with Bupleurum chinense (P less than 0.005), Phellodendron wilsonii (P less than 0.001), Clematis chinensis (P less than 0.005) and Hedyotis corymbosa (P less than 0.005, SGPT only). The fatty degeneration around the central vein area and necrosis of the central lobule can be significantly improved by P. wilsonii and moderately changed by B. chinense or C. chinensis. Although fatty metamorphosis has been affected by H. corymbosa, various inflammatory cell infiltrations in the cytoplasm were noted. PMID- 3245534 TI - In vitro induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic cell line by clerodendron fragrans. AB - The promyelocytic cell line HL-60 could be induced to differentiate into morphologically and functionally mature monocytoid cells (up to 20%) following exposure to the Chinese herb Clerodendron Fragrans (1 mg/ml). This effect was time dependent and appeared to work synergistically with interferon-r in this promotion of differentiation. Our study suggests that Clerodendron Fragrans has potential therapeutic value for the treatment of certain acute myelocytic leukemia putatively caused by a block in the myeloid differentiation process. PMID- 3245535 TI - Efficacy of kan-baku-taiso-to (TJ-72) on breath-holding spells in children. AB - When Kan-baku-taiso-to (TJ-72) (0.1-0.25 g/kg/day) was given to 12 children with breath-holding spells (BHS) of the cyanotic type, the attacks were lessened starting in the second week of administration. There were no side effects even when administration was continued for more than one year. We think that the drug should be given primarily for BHS when the frequency of severe attacks is high and also to patients who did not respond to other medication. PMID- 3245537 TI - Tibetan medicine. Part III: Pulse diagnosis in Tibetan medicine. Translated from the first chapter of the Fourth Tantra (rGyud-bzi). PMID- 3245536 TI - Effect of toki-shakuyaku-san on ovulation induced by human menopausal gonadotropin in rats. AB - One hundred and thirty-five immature female rats were treated with Toki-Shakuyaku San (TSS:500 mg/kg, Bwt in drinking water) beginning at 25 days of age and continuing during experimental sessions. Fifteen IU of the human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG:Gonadoryl:GNR:GNR 4 contains 4 to 1 ratio of FSH and LH) was injected intraperitoneally on the morning of 28 days of age, and ovulation (presence of tubal ova) was examined on the morning of 29, 30 and 31 days of age. GNR 4 alone induced ovulation at 29 days of age (70%) and at 30 days of age (35%); however, no ovulation was observed at 31 days of age. TSS treatment alone causes 30% to ovulate at 31 days of age. When GNR 4 was combined with TSS treatment, animals demonstrated ovulation at 31 days of age, that is, they ovulated at 29 days of age (93%), at 30 days of age (30%) and at 31 days of age (90%). These results infer that TSS treatment may accelerate the chain of events in the neuroendocrine control on ovulation, thus causing more frequent ovulation in rats. PMID- 3245538 TI - Organic components of moxa. AB - Moxa was soaked in a mixed solvent of chloroform, methanol and water (5:5:1) at room temperature for 7 days, and the supernatant solution was separated into two layers by the addition of water. Heptatriacontane (C37H76), confirmed by measurements of 1H and 13C-NMR spectra and melting point, was obtained from the chloroform layer, while condensed tannins having catechol derivatives were found in the methanol-water layer. Each ratio of C37H76 in several kinds of moxas to the total weight of the moxa was similar in both high-class and low-class moxas, but that of the tannins was much less in the former than the latter. Comparing the burning-temperature curve to the time between the moxa after the extraction and before, the time for the rise of the burning-temperature from 25 degrees C to the highest temperature was longer in the treated moxa. Removal of C37H76 from the original moxa seems to decelerate the burning of moxa. PMID- 3245539 TI - Low power laser irradiation does not affect the generation of signals in a sensory receptor. AB - The effect of low power Helium-Neon (He-Ne) and Gallium-Arsenide (Ga-As) laser on the slowly adapting crustacean stretch receptor was studied. The results showed that low power laser irradiation did not affect the membrane potential of the stretch receptor. These results are discussed in relation to the use of low power laser irradiation on the skin overlaying acupuncture points in treatment of pain syndrome. PMID- 3245540 TI - Hachimijiogan produces testosterone in adult rat testes. AB - The effect of Hachimijiogan (HZ) and Keishibukuryogan (KB) on the steroid production in rats was examined in vivo and in vitro. In an in vivo study, HZ stimulated the testes from ten-week old male rats to produce testosterone, whereas KB decreased the tissue testosterone concentrations. The delta 4 androstenedione and estradiol-17 beta (E2) showed no significant changes. In an incubation study, HZ also stimulated the testosterone production. The data suggested that HZ produces testosterone in rat testes. The role of KB is questionable. PMID- 3245541 TI - Vertical restraints among hospitals, physicians and health insurers that raise rivals' costs. A case study of Reazin v. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas, Inc. and Ocean State Physicians Health Plan, Inc. v. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Rhode Island. AB - Two recent district court opinions consider whether affiliations among hospitals, doctors and health insurers--through contract or ownership--violate the antitrust laws. This Article applies a raising rivals' costs framework to the facts of those cases in order to assess whether the practices at issue were unreasonable. PMID- 3245543 TI - The antitrust implications of boycotts by health care professionals: professional standards, professional ethics and the first amendment. PMID- 3245542 TI - The state action doctrine and the Local Government Antitrust Act: the restructured public hospital model. AB - This Article analyzes the development and complexities of the antitrust state action doctrine and the Local Government Antitrust Act as these doctrines apply to both "municipalities" and private entities. The restructuring of a public hospital is used as a model to facilitate the antitrust analysis. The restructuring model, which typically involves the leasing of a hospital facility by a public entity to a private nonprofit corporation, offers the unique opportunity to compare the different standards employed under the state action doctrine and the Local Government Antitrust Act. As a practical matter, the Article provides a framework for a public hospital to evaluate the impact of corporate restructuring on its antitrust liability exposure and to develop strategies to minimize antitrust risks. PMID- 3245544 TI - HLA sharing and fertility in Hutterite couples: evidence for prenatal selection against compatible fetuses. AB - Antigenic differences between mother and fetus (i.e., blood group incompatibilities) were traditionally considered deleterious for viviparous reproduction. Recently, evidence has accumulated suggesting that maternal response to paternally derived fetal antigens, paradoxically, may facilitate maintenance of pregnancy. Thus, fetuses whose paternally derived antigens do not differ from maternal antigens (i.e., histocompatible pregnancies) may be at a selective disadvantage during pregnancy. Parents sharing histocompatibility antigens (i.e., HLA) may produce compatible fetuses and show overall reduced fertility. Indeed, increased HLA sharing has been reported in some couples experiencing repetitive spontaneous abortion. However, the effects of HLA sharing in couples not selected because of previous pregnancy losses have not been assessed. To elucidate the reproductive effects of maternal-fetal histocompatibility, we initiated prospective population-based studies of parental HLA sharing and reproductive outcome in the Hutterites, a population isolate that lives communally and proscribes contraception. The relationship between HLA-A, B, and -DR sharing and reproductive outcome was examined in 111 Hutterite couples. Intervals from marriage to each birth were no longer among couples sharing antigens; differences were significant at the second birth and remained significant through the sixth birth (P less than .05). When the effects of sharing at individual loci were examined, HLA-DR was the only individual locus that was a significant predictor of birth interval length (P = .025). Completed family sizes were 6.5 and 9.0 among couples sharing and not sharing HLA-DR, respectively (P = .082, 2-tailed). However, recognized fetal loss rates did not differ among couples sharing and not sharing antigens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3245546 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy--the current status. I. Classifications. Carbohydrate imbalance during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes]. PMID- 3245545 TI - Detection of antisperm antibodies on the surface of motile spermatozoa. Comparison of the immunobead binding technique (IBT) and the mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR). AB - Investigators testing for antisperm antibodies have recently focused on tests that detect the Ig classes of the sperm-bound antibodies. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of two of these tests, viz. the immunobead binding technique (IBT) and the mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR). Twenty-one male or female sera were tested for IgG and IgA antisperm antibodies with the IBT and the MAR. The sera were selected on the basis of the IBT results, and the MAR was carried out without knowledge of these results. For IgG antisperm antibodies, there was a highly significant correlation between the two tests (P = 0.0043), whereas, for IgA antisperm antibodies, the correlation was poor (P = 0.2951), because the IBT revealed a positive reaction for IgA in sera in which no such antibodies could be detected by the MAR. PMID- 3245547 TI - [The use of radionuclide methods in obstetrics]. PMID- 3245548 TI - [The use of an enzyme method for determining phosphatidylglycerol in the amniotic fluid and an assessment of its reliability for predicting fetal lung maturity]. PMID- 3245549 TI - [The results of inducing labor with aprofen]. PMID- 3245550 TI - [Changes in the enzyme activity during general anesthesia for cesarean section]. PMID- 3245551 TI - [Forensic medical questions in the death of parturients]. PMID- 3245552 TI - [The distribution of streptococci in the woman and her newborn child]. PMID- 3245553 TI - [Expertise on the temporary work incapacity of patients with pelvic inflammatory disease]. PMID- 3245554 TI - [Overcoming uterine tube spasm during hysterosalpingography with glucagon]. PMID- 3245555 TI - [The relationship of phases of the menstrual cycle and the presence of sexual disorders in women]. PMID- 3245556 TI - [Morphological studies of the endometrium in hemorrhages in the premenopause]. PMID- 3245557 TI - [Effect of age on the prognosis of sterility and the outcome of pregnancy]. PMID- 3245558 TI - [Hysteroscopic assessment of endometrial cancer]. PMID- 3245559 TI - [A rare case of a variation of the Meigs-Cass syndrome]. PMID- 3245560 TI - [Knowledge of and attitude to the risk for infection with the HIV virus of AIDS- the results of a sociological study]. PMID- 3245561 TI - A parameterized overspeeding method for the rapid attainment of low-speed sedimentation equilibrium. AB - The approach of a solution of dilute, monodisperse, globular macromolecules to low-speed sedimentation equilibrium in an ultracentrifuge is simulated by numerical integration of the Lamm equation. Various combinations of overspeed time and angular velocity are used to assess the conditions needed to minimize the time it takes the solution to attain sedimentation equilibrium. The optimal overspeeding time and angular velocity are determined over a wide range of values of the molecular weight (relative molar mass) of the solute and the radial distance between the meniscus and base of the solution. The results may be expressed as simple functions which allow facile calculation of (a) the optimal overspeeding time and velocity, and (b) the time required to reach sedimentation equilibrium. The results are in reasonable agreement with previous analytical solutions which were based on several simplifying assumptions. The parameterized overspeeding procedure is shown to be robust over a wide range of conditions, and typically leads to a greater than 5-fold reduction in centrifugation time. PMID- 3245562 TI - Evaluation of an isoluminol chemiluminescence assay for the detection of hydroperoxides in human blood plasma. AB - An assay for the separation and detection of lipid hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide in biological samples using HPLC and isoluminol chemiluminescence was recently described (Y. Yamamoto, M. H. Brodsky, J. C. Baker, and B. N. Ames (1987) Anal. Biochem. 160, 7-13; Y. Yamamoto and B. N. Ames (1987) Free Rad. Biol. Med. 3, 359-361). In this paper the application of this assay to the analysis of human blood plasma is described in detail, and three compounds producing chemiluminescence that were observed in the initial studies in plasma extracted with methanol and hexane are further characterized. It is shown that various lipid hydroperoxides added to plasma are detected by the assay. In contrast, hydrogen peroxide added to plasma is rapidly degraded by endogenous catalase. Hydrogen peroxide and a second, minor compound producing chemiluminescence, which appear in the assay of the methanol and the hexane extract of plasma, respectively, appear to be generated during analysis and are not likely to be present in plasma. The third compound yielding a chemiluminescence peak, which is extracted into the hexane phase of plasma and was earlier assigned to cholesterol ester hydroperoxide, is shown to be neither a cholesterol ester nor a hydroperoxide, but the hydroquinone ubiquinol-10. As the chemiluminescence response of hydroperoxides, but not of hydroquinones, is eliminated by reducing reagents such as sodium borohydride or triphenylphosphine, such reduction should be used to confirm that any chemiluminescence producing lipid observed in the assay is a hydroperoxide, not a hydroquinone. We conclude that isolated human plasma from healthy subjects is very unlikely to contain hydrogen peroxide in concentrations greater than about 0.25 microM and does not contain lipid hydroperoxides in concentrations greater than 0.03 microM. The method described, when used with appropriate precautions, is a convenient and very sensitive assay for lipid hydroperoxides in biological tissues. PMID- 3245563 TI - A rapid fluorometric assay for N-terminal glutaminyl cyclase activity using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid, sensitive method for the quantification of glutaminyl cyclase activity has been developed. The assay involves enzymatic conversion of the model peptide Gln-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn-Lys-epsilon-(Dns)-OH to less than Glu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn-Lys epsilon-(Dns)-OH. Both the product and substrate of this reaction are detected in a single assay in quantities as low as 100 fmol using isocratic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. The method is highly reproducible and ideally suited for the rapid analysis of large numbers of samples. The applications of the assay to both the detection of glutaminyl cyclase activity during enzyme purification and the more rigorous enzymology studies dependent on the precise measurement of initial reaction velocities are demonstrated. PMID- 3245564 TI - Quantitative evaluation by computer-based video densitometry of film response to different isotopes and fluorographic treatments. AB - Previous investigations of fluorographic methods have generally reported the minimum level of radioactivity that can be detected for a given length of exposure or the amount of radioactivity needed to reach a given optical density value. Even when the full characteristic curve is given, comparisons with other published values are difficult or, if different lengths of exposures are used, impossible. Computer-based video densitometry was used to evaluate different fluorographic methods. Sections of polyacrylamide gels with uniform distributions of either 35S or 125I radioactivity were embedded with different fluors and used to expose X-ray film for various lengths of time. Due to its compatibility with algorithms used in densitometry, the effectiveness of various treatments was evaluated by fitting relevant parameters to a modified Hill-type equation. The two parameters that were affected by treatments were the amount of radioactivity needed to half-saturate the film (ED50, or the midpoint) and the slope at the midpoint. The relationship between length of exposure and film density was investigated. Since the ED50 values for both 35S and 125I were found to vary in a linear fashion with respect to 1/time, one can determine the ED50 for lengths of exposure not reported. A unique feature of this method of evaluating effectiveness of different treatments, therefore, is that it is possible to compare films that were exposed for different lengths of time. The method of presenting data used here overcomes many of the difficulties in comparing different fluorographic and film treatments, is compatible with the needs of computer-based densitometry, and is suggested as a useful way in which to present the relationship among isotopes, fluors, and films. PMID- 3245565 TI - Gradient ion chromatography of inositol phosphates. AB - Inositol phosphates including phytic acid were separated in 30 min by gradient ion chromatography with postcolumn derivatization. All four pentakisphosphates were resolved, while four tetrakisphosphate peaks were detected. The limits of detection for all polyphosphates, including tris- and bisphosphates, were between 1 and 2 nmol. The method was used to compare nonenzymatic dephosphorylation of inositol hexakisphosphate at pH 4.0 versus pH 10.8. The only pentakisphosphate detected in calf brains was identified as myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6 pentakisphosphate. The major pentakisphosphate in raw soybean seeds was myo inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate of unknown enantiomeric composition, while lesser amounts of myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5-pentakisphosphate of unknown enantiomeric composition, myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate, and myo inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate were also present. PMID- 3245566 TI - Evaluation of methods for the isolation of plasma membranes displaying guanosine 5'-triphosphate-dependence for the regulation of adenylate cyclase activity: potential application to the study of other guanosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent transduction systems. AB - The GTP-dependence for stimulatory and inhibitory regulation of plasma membrane adenylate cyclase activity was measured in plasma membrane fractions isolated from a variety of cell types (platelets, lymphocytes, PC12 cells, GH3 cells, NBP2 cells, and hepatocytes). This report shows that the isolation of plasma membranes for the study of GTP-dependent adenylate cyclase activity was, for some cells, enhanced by the exposure of the cells to glycerol prior to cell lysis. The isolation of plasma membranes from other cells, which did not appear to be sensitive to glycerol pretreatment, was enhanced by the removal of heavy particulate matter prior to fractionation of the cell lysate. The regulation of enzyme activity by various agents was found to be dependent upon the presence of (exogenous) GTP to varying degrees, indicating variable contamination of membrane preparations with GTP. It is concluded that (i) exposure of platelets and lymphocytes to glycerol prior to cell lysis decreases subsequent contamination of the plasma membrane preparation with GTP, and (ii) although glycerol pretreatment of other cells does not ensure the subsequent isolation of plasma membrane adenylate cyclase activity displaying high requirements for (exogenous) GTP, it is a reasonable first approach to be used during the development of procedures for the isolation of plasma membranes. PMID- 3245567 TI - Determination of the carbohydrate composition of mammalian glycoproteins by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - A technique to determine the carbohydrate composition of glycoproteins using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (electron impact) with selected ion monitoring is described. This method entails hydrolysis with methanolic-HCl followed by formation of trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives, extraction of the carbohydrate derivatives into hexane, and GC/MS analysis. For those carbohydrates that are present in animal glycoproteins including fucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), the sensitivity of this assay was approximately 1-3 pmol and the assay was linear over a 100-fold range. The carbohydrate compositions determined on small quantities (1-10 pmol) of various glycoproteins including human transferrin and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and ovalbumin were identical to their reported carbohydrate content and compositions. Major advantages of this technique include the time required to complete the sample preparation and analysis (less than 8 h), the sensitivity and specificity of the assay, and the fact that all carbohydrate moieties, including sialic acid, can be quantitated in a single hydrolysate of a glycoprotein. PMID- 3245568 TI - The measurement of cytochrome b559 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in the presence of hemoglobin or mitochondrial cytochromes. AB - A cyanide-insensitive b-type cytochrome (cytochrome b559) is involved in the respiratory burst of phagocytes. Spectroscopic measurement of its content in polymorphonuclear leukocytes or macrophages is complicated by signals arising from contaminating Hb or mitochondrial cytochromes upon reduction by dithionite. These interferences can be overcome by reducing the sample with dithionite, aerating it, and reducing it a second time with dithionite, in the presence of 10 microM cyanide. Cyanide suppresses the response of the interfering proteins to the second dithionite reduction. This modified method allows an accurate determination of the content of cytochrome b559 using smaller numbers of cells than previously feasible. PMID- 3245569 TI - Colorimetric determination of phytate in unpurified extracts of seeds and the products of their processing. AB - The addition of orthophosphate (up to 20 micrograms/ml of phosphorus) and chlorogenic acid (up to 50 micrograms/ml) does not impair the colorimetric assay of phytate based on the decoloration of Fe3+-sulfosalicylate complex (M. Latta, and M. Eskin (1980) J. Agric. Food Chem. 28, 1313-1315). Phytate was determined in 14 samples of seed meal and protein isolates containing inorganic phosphate and chlorogenic acid. There was no difference between the results of the analysis using crude extracts and those using purified extracts. It is therefore possible to avoid the preliminary purification of extracts as in the original method, thereby simplifying and accelerating the phytate assay to a considerable extent. PMID- 3245570 TI - Investigation of the bicinchoninic acid protein assay: identification of the groups responsible for color formation. AB - The colored complex formed between Cu+ and bicinchoninic acid is the basis of the bicinchoninic acid protein assay (P. K. Smith, R. I. Krohn, G. T. Hermanson, A. K. Mallia, F. H. Gartner, M. D. Provenzano, E. K. Fujimoto, N. M. Goeke, B.J. Olson, and D.C. Klenk (1985) Anal. Biochem. 150, 76-85). Studies show that cysteine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and the peptide bond are capable of reducing Cu2+ to Cu+. Electrochemical studies and the magnitude of the color changes observed when the reaction is carried out at 37 degrees C indicate that tryptophan, tyrosine, and the peptide bond are not completely oxidized at this temperature. When the reaction temperature is increased to 60 degrees C, significantly more color formation is observed for these three groups. Studies with di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides and with proteins indicate that the extent of color formation is not the sum of the contributions of the individual color producing functional groups. Compounds with functional groups similar to those of cysteine, cystine, tyrosine, or tryptophan are shown to react with the bicinchoninic acid reagent. The color formed by these compounds in the presence of bovine serum albumin cannot be compensated for by using a reagent blank containing an identical concentration of the interfering compound. PMID- 3245571 TI - Fecal methylamine and dimethylamine in chronic renal failure. AB - Determinations of methylamine and dimethylamine in the fecal samples from normal subjects (n = 22), nonhemodialysis patients (n = 10), and hemodialysis patients (n = 14) with chronic renal failure have been made by high-performance liquid chromatography of their 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives. Fecal methylamine level was significantly lower in the normal group than in the nonhemodialysis group (P less than 0.05) and in the hemodialysis group (P less than 0.05). The mean dimethylamine value of the hemodialysis group was significantly higher than that of the nonhemodialysis group (P less than 0.01) and that of the normal group (P less than 0.005). The method has also been applied to the determination of the two amines in the fecal samples from two patients with leukemia who had been isolated and sterilized in the laminar air flow rooms. Preliminary in vitro experiments were given of the possible pathway for the production of these amines by the incubation of normal fecal samples with added creatinine. PMID- 3245572 TI - Detection of tetrodotoxin by thin-layer chromatography/fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. AB - A new method for detection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) by thin-layer chromatography/fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry was developed. TTX and/or related substances were separated by TLC on LHP-K high-performance precoated plates, with a solvent system of pyridine:ethyl acetate:acetic acid:water (15:5:3:4). The plates were subjected to positive FAB mass spectrometry, under scanning within a mass range from m/z 100 to 500. TTX was identified by selected ion-monitored chromatograms at m/z 320 (M + H)+ and 302 (M + H - H2O)+, along with full scan positive ion FAB mass spectrometry. The limit of detection for TTX was about 0.1 micrograms. TTX was also detected by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis/FAB mass spectrometry. PMID- 3245573 TI - A parallel between two techniques of extraction of connective tissue macromolecules. AB - A method of extraction of the collagen and noncollagen proteins from deep dermis of young adult rabbits using a 0.1 M tartaric acid solution was set up. The tartaric acid extraction, together with the preliminary neutral salt extraction, solubilized 95% of the total collagen and 98% of the noncollagen proteins, far more than the 6 M guanidinium Cl solution used for comparison. Elastin was not extracted. Studies on the fibrillation of the extracted collagen in neutral solution at 25 degrees C or on the results of pepsin digestion in acidic solution at +4 degrees C showed that the tartaric acid-extracted collagen was in a nondenatured form, whereas that extracted by guanidinium Cl was largely denatured. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) indicated that most of the collagen was of type I and that many noncollagen proteins were present, mostly in the molecular weight range of 40 kDa. Bidimensional PAGE gave a reproducible pattern of these noncollagen proteins, showing that several additional proteins were present in tartaric acid extracts and not in guanidinium chloride extracts. PMID- 3245574 TI - A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic assay for flavin-containing monooxygenase activity. AB - A rapid, convenient assay for flavin-containing monooxygenase activity is described. The method is based on direct analysis of quenched incubation mixtures by reverse-phase liquid chromatography, and utilizes p-nitrophenyl-1,3 oxathiolane as the substrate. The synthesis of the substrate and the product are described. The usefulness of p-nitrophenyl-1,3-oxathiolane S-oxide formation as a measure of flavin-containing monooxygenase activity was demonstrated using highly purified and microsomal hog and rat liver flavin-containing monooxygenase. The assay is especially useful for determining stereoselectivity of flavin-containing monooxygenase activity in small amounts of crude tissue preparations. PMID- 3245575 TI - Quantification of albumin in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - A standard spectrophotometric method for the quantitation of urinary albumin using bromphenol blue is evaluated to determine whether this method could be used to quantify cerebrospinal fluid albumin. In the modified procedure, 200 microliters of sample is added to 3 ml of bromphenol blue solution and the absorbance is read spectrophotometrically at 610 nm. Using standards and controls, the results were compared with known values and found to be both precise and accurate. The bromphenol blue method was compared with an immunoturbidometric method and found to be more precise and accurate, easier to perform, and cost effective. When compared to other dye-binding methods the bromphenol blue method is unique in its extremely low linear range and limit of detection. A minor disadvantage was the increased sample size necessary to obtain the increased precision. PMID- 3245576 TI - Analysis of phenylthiohydantoin amino acid mixtures for sequencing by thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - Phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) amino acids, the derivatives of amino acids liberated in the course of automated N-terminal sequence analysis of peptides and proteins, are most commonly identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. This communication describes an extension to the methodology for PTH amino acid identification which exploits thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for use in the confirmation of PTH amino acid identifications previously made solely on the basis of retention times. Thermospray mass spectra of the 19 synthetic PTH amino acids corresponding to the residues commonly observed during N-terminal sequencing have been acquired. These spectra show strong signals for the protonated molecular ion, accompanied in several cases by ions produced by limited fragmentation of the amino acid side chain and/or the PTH ring system. A reverse-phase separation protocol has been adapted for use with thermospray. The method permits recognition of the protonated molecular ions of all the standard PTH amino acids at the 150-pmol level on the basis of signal-to-noise ratios of 10:1 or better with full scanning. The method has been tested on the N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of 200 pmol of the standard protein beta lactoglobulin A, and has been found useful in the study of selected side-products of the sequencing chemistry. PMID- 3245578 TI - A rapid procedure for isolating hemopoietic cell nuclei. AB - A new method for isolating cell nuclei is described which involves freezing and thawing cells in 2% Tween 40, then gentle homogenization to release nuclei, followed by immediate microcentrifugation through 50% sucrose. Purified nuclei were obtained in 3 min and yields of 78-95% were obtained from a variety of human hemopoietic cells. Electron microscope analysis of nuclei obtained from HL60 cells showed that 89% of the nuclei were intact and have an appropriate morphology. A low level of contamination with other organelles was revealed by electron microscopy and by using specific assays for plasma membrane, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi membrane, and endoplasmic reticulum (0.5-5.5%). The value of the technique is that nuclear proteins and small metabolites which might be lost by rapid leakage from isolated nuclei and the possibility of biochemical modification of cellular constituents are minimized by using a rapid isolation procedure. PMID- 3245577 TI - Conversion of the beckman liquid phase sequencer to a gas-liquid phase sequencer. AB - As an effective aid to extend the microsequencing capabilities the Beckman protein/peptide sequenator Series 890C has been successfully converted to a gas liquid system, in which coupling buffer 25% trimethylamine was employed as a gas, and heptafluorobutyric acid as a liquid. The system has been found to be efficient for microsequencing (less than 100 pmol). The details of mechanical, plumbing, and other minor changes are described in this paper along with the results of sequencing proteins and peptides, directly and from blots. PMID- 3245579 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of biphenyl metabolism by hepatocytes cultured in an embryo/hepatocyte co-culture medium. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been modified for the evaluation of both Phase I and II metabolism of biphenyl by hepatocytes maintained in an embryo/hepatocyte co-culture medium. Extracts of the media, before and after hydrolysis of conjugates, are directly injected onto the HPLC and the major hydroxylated metabolites plus unmetabolized biphenyl are detected by fluorescence after separation under gradient or isocratic conditions. The method is almost free of interferences and is relatively simple and rapid. In the case of the monohydroxylated derivatives, the minimum media concentrations which can be measured are 7 to 20 nM (0.07 to 0.2 pmol on-column). Recoveries from culture medium to which known amounts of biphenyl and metabolites had been added were quantitative (90-103%) and the reproducibility good (interassay CV less than 5%). The assay was applied to cultures of hepatocytes derived from rabbit and from phenobarbital induced and noninduced rat. PMID- 3245580 TI - Detection of tubulin-binding proteins by an overlay assay. AB - A blot overlay technique to detect tubulin-binding proteins has been developed. It involves the fractionation of the putative tubulin-binding proteins by gel electrophoresis, their transfer to nitrocellulose paper, and the incubation of the nitrocellulose sheet with purified tubulin. The proteins which bind tubulin are recognized by monoclonal anti-tubulin antibodies. Proteins which associate with microtubules through a direct interaction with tubulin are easily detected by this procedure, which has been tested for both known microtubule-associated proteins and newly reported tubulin-binding proteins. PMID- 3245581 TI - Separation of neutral reducing oligosaccharides derived from glycoproteins by HPLC on a hydroxylated polymeric support. AB - A prototype hydroxylated polymeric support, Glyco-PAK N, was employed to separate a number of neutral reducing oligosaccharides derived from various glycoproteins by the hydrazinolysis/re-N-acetylation/mild acid hydrolysis procedure. General features of the separation properties of the matrix are described. A major advantage of the packing over silica-based supports is its stability, a property which is advantageous both in repetitive analytical chromatography and in the preparative isolation and spectroscopic identification of pure compounds, free of column breakdown products. PMID- 3245582 TI - Contributions of analytical chemistry to the clinical laboratory. PMID- 3245583 TI - DNA: expanding the frontiers of science. PMID- 3245584 TI - Preparation of accurate multicomponent gas standards of volatile toxic organic compounds in the low-parts-per-billion range. PMID- 3245585 TI - Immobilization of glucose oxidase in ferrocene-modified pyrrole polymers. PMID- 3245586 TI - Simultaneous determination of salicylic and salicyluric acids in urine by first derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. PMID- 3245587 TI - Evaluation of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of trace elements in foods. PMID- 3245588 TI - Study of the origin and mechanism of band broadening and pressure drop in centrifugal countercurrent chromatography. PMID- 3245589 TI - Electropolymerized cobalt tetrakis(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin film mediated enzyme electrode for amperometric determination of glucose. PMID- 3245590 TI - Phosphate-selective polymer membrane electrode. PMID- 3245591 TI - Near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy using fiber-optic assemblies. PMID- 3245592 TI - Optical fiber spectrometry in turbid solutions by multivariate calibration applied to tablet dissolution testing. PMID- 3245593 TI - Fiber-optic sensor for the determination of glucose using micellar enhanced chemiluminescence of the peroxyoxalate reaction. PMID- 3245594 TI - Micromolar protein concentrations and metalloprotein stoichiometries obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric determination of sulfur. PMID- 3245595 TI - Fluorescence line narrowing spectrometry of nucleoside-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adducts on thin-layer chromatographic plates. PMID- 3245596 TI - Analysis of high molecular weight samples on a double-focusing magnetic sector instrument by supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry. PMID- 3245597 TI - Particle beam induced reactions between peptides and liquid matrices. PMID- 3245598 TI - Determination of selenium metabolites in biological fluids using instrumental and molecular neutron activation analysis. PMID- 3245599 TI - Structural basis for enantiomeric resolution of pseudoephedrine and the failure to resolve ephedrine by using beta-cyclodextrin mobile phases. PMID- 3245600 TI - Sequential determination of biological and pollutant elements in marine bivalves. PMID- 3245601 TI - Covalent enzyme coupling on cellulose acetate membranes for glucose sensor development. PMID- 3245602 TI - Constant neutral loss scanning for the characterization of bacterial phospholipids desorbed by fast atom bombardment. PMID- 3245603 TI - Detection of hazardous vapors including mixtures using pattern recognition analysis of responses from surface acoustic wave devices. PMID- 3245604 TI - Voltammetric behaviour of all-trans-retinol (vitamin A1) at a glassy carbon electrode and its determination in human serum using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 3245606 TI - Application of adsorptive stripping voltammetry to the study of the reaction of immunoglobulin E with anti-immunoglobulin E. PMID- 3245605 TI - Comparison of mercury- and glassy carbon-based electrochemical detection systems for the determination of cisplatin following high-performance liquid chromatographic separation. PMID- 3245607 TI - Voltammetric determination of airborne 2-chloronitrobenzene using a recirculating absorbent vapour sampler. PMID- 3245608 TI - Determination of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase with immobilised enzymes and electrochemical detection. PMID- 3245609 TI - Accurate measurement of stable isotopes of magnesium in biological materials with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. PMID- 3245610 TI - Determination of selenium in biological materials by neutron activation analysis. PMID- 3245611 TI - Determination of chloramphenicol in tissues--problems with in vitro metabolism. PMID- 3245612 TI - [Preliminary results in optimizing infusion therapy in critical states. The hemodynamic and gas-exchange reactions to the test infusion of an albumin solution]. PMID- 3245613 TI - [The sympathetico-adrenal, hypophyseo-adrenal and kallikrein-kinin systems in the regulation of hemodynamics during normovolemic hemodilution]. PMID- 3245614 TI - [Determination of an intrapulmonary shunt in the immediate postoperative period]. PMID- 3245615 TI - [Use of alpha- and beta-adrenomimetics in the intensive therapy of traumatic and cardiogenic shock and their effect on the blood circulation]. PMID- 3245616 TI - [Effect of certain types of general anesthesia on the cardiovascular system of middle-aged and elderly surgical patients]. PMID- 3245617 TI - [Use of klofelin in managing the pain syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3245618 TI - [Effect of morphine storage time on its analgesic activity and tissue tolerance in epidural administration]. PMID- 3245619 TI - [Correction of electrolyte balance during extracorporeal regulation of the blood composition in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3245620 TI - [Transcranial electrostimulation in the immediate period following lung operations]. PMID- 3245621 TI - [Changes in liver function during the dynamics of traumatic disease with various methods of resuscitation]. PMID- 3245622 TI - [The nongravimetric determination of total, lean and metabolically active body weights in resuscitation practice]. PMID- 3245623 TI - [Rheographic and radioisotope liver studies in patients with sepsis undergoing various methods of intensive therapy]. PMID- 3245624 TI - [Optimization of the parameters of artificial pulmonary ventilation in newborn infants]. PMID- 3245625 TI - [Electrocoagulography using integral indices in assessing hemostatic disorders in children]. PMID- 3245626 TI - [The use of hemosorption in the treatment of Reye's syndrome in a nursing infant]. PMID- 3245627 TI - [Erythrocyte deformability and morphology in children with suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 3245628 TI - [A case of successful resuscitation following a lightning strike]. PMID- 3245629 TI - [Modification of a needle for punctures of the arteries and central veins]. PMID- 3245630 TI - [Changes in central hemodynamic function of patients with chronic ischemia of the lower extremities under the action of hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 3245631 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on kidney functions and blood acid-base equilibrium of patients with diffuse peritonitis]. PMID- 3245632 TI - [Variants of changes in hemodynamics after abdominal operations on children]. PMID- 3245633 TI - [Hemosorption in patients with circulatory disorders]. PMID- 3245634 TI - [The parasite fauna of Stizostedion lucioperca from the bay waters of the Baltic coast of East Germany]. AB - In pike-perches 20 species of parasites were stated: Protozoa (1), Monogenea (1), Cestoda (2), Trematoda (8), Nematoda (3), Acanthocephala (2), Hirudinea (1) and Crustacea (2). The high extent and intensity of parasitation Bunodera luciopercae in pike-perches of the Oder Bay are striking, a fact which may inhibit their growth and development. Parasitological investigation (infestation of pike-perch with Brachyphallus crenatus and Anisakis spec. larv.) has proved that about 75% of pike-perch migrate between the areas of the Peenestrom and the Bay of Greifswald. The high extent of Achtheres percarum infestation of fish causes serious damage to the gill filaments in a number of cases. The studies carried out to date have shown that parasite infestation of pike-perch has no negative effect on its edibility. PMID- 3245635 TI - Environmental stress and parasitic infections: II. Effects of gramoxone and hexadrin (pesticides) on the survival characteristics of Fasciola gigantica miracidia. AB - Miracidia of Fasciola gigantica have a maximum longevity of 9 h. Miracidial survival was found to be age dependent and the instantaneous mortality rate increased exponentially with miracidial age and pesticide treatment. Mortality of the pesticide-treated miracidia differs significantly from that of the control. The LC50 value for Hexadrin was calculated at 1.93 ppm and for Gramoxone at 0.75 ppm. Dosage-mortality lines when tested statistically show no significant difference between the two pesticides at 95% level of confidence. The toxic effect of the pesticides was enhanced by synergism between the pesticides. PMID- 3245636 TI - [Botfly larva skin infestation in a donkey]. AB - In January 1987 7 larvae of Hypoderma diana were found in a donkey. The infection probably took place on a horse pasture in Furstenwalde, Frankfurt (O.) region, grazed also by roes, the main hosts of H. diana. PMID- 3245637 TI - Seasonal changes in the population of Mallophaga on Acridotheres tristis. AB - 83.41% specimens of Common Myna were found infested with one to four species of Mallophaga, during the year 1984. Incidence of infestation and the indices were higher during the summer months and lower during winter months. The reasons of seasonal abundance are also discussed. Temperature seems to be one of the factors. The seasonal changes in population were found corresponding to the gonadal cycle of the host. PMID- 3245638 TI - [The discovery of Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodida, Ixodidae) in the East German districts of Leipzig and Halle]. AB - A report on findings of Dermacentor reticulatus, a very rare tick species in the GDR, in 3 localities situated in the heath region of Duben and Dahlen (GDR districts of Leipzig and Halle). Three adults of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were caught by brushing over the vegetation with a flag in one of 235 places in May and September 1987. On the other hand, a total of 2,877 Ixodes ricinus ticks was found in all places. In the same year, from the same area, we also found 2 adults of Dermacentor reticulatus on a man's clothing and on a horse. PMID- 3245639 TI - [Secretory IgA and infantile respiratory pathology]. AB - Secretory component of IgA is the major class of immunoglobulin in secretions and mucous membranes. Many causes have been involved in etiopathogenesis of respiratory tract disease in children, one of them the possible deficit of secretory component of IgA. Authors have studied 191 children with respiratory tract disease secondary to infections and/or allergy and a control group of 35 healthy children. In all of them the secretory IgA non stimulated sputum was measured. In the group with respiratory disease serum IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE were also measured. Levels of secretory IgA were greater in group with respiratory disease than in control; also serum level of IgA was above normal for their ages. Level of secretory IgA was greater in children with "wheezing respiratory disease". These findings do not agree with theory of existence of an IgA secretory deficit as a cause or respiratory tract disease in children. PMID- 3245640 TI - [Hemocytometric and morphologic studies of red cells in cord blood]. AB - Authors present red cell indexes of 120 newborns with normal haemoglobin pattern. In the newborn there is an increase of the red cell mass with regard to the infancy and adult life. The lower limit of normality in our environment for MCV is 99.69 fl. The Hb F concentration is 74.70 +/- 10.69%. The differential aspects of the red blood cells in the umbilical cord blood are commented. The influence of several biological variables on the newborn's red cell indexes are described. PMID- 3245641 TI - [The neonatal form of propionic acidemia]. AB - A neonatal form of propionic acidemia is reported. Diagnosis was made by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and urine excretion of 3-hydroxy-propionate and methylcitrate. Fibroblast cultures demonstrated an extremely low incorporation of C14-propionate, 6.5% range of normal values. Activity of propionyl-CoA carboxylase was reduced. Intensive measures, including exchange-transfusion and ventilatory support, allowed life maintenance through neonatal period. Management of infant at three-month-old is based upon special diet with restriction of nocive amino acids, L-carnitine administration and infectious prophylaxis. PMID- 3245643 TI - [Etiopathogenic study of spontaneous perforation of the biliary tract]. AB - Spontaneous perforation of extrahepatic bile duct is a rare entity, but is the second cause of surgical jaundice in the newborn period after biliary atresia. We review the etiological theories and three patients with this anomaly. Centrolobulillar cholestasis was present in all cases. Parietal ischemic necrosis was seen in one case, obstructive lesions (extrahepatic biliary atresia) in two and malformative lesions (choledochal cyst) in the last patient. A developmental error and a small circumscribed area of duct wall weakness have been the most accepted factors involved in its pathogenesis. However we have found histologic and morphologic evidence that ratify the obstructive and vascular lesions as relevant elements in the etiology of the spontaneous perforation of the biliary tract. PMID- 3245642 TI - [A case of siamese omphalopagous twins. Successful separation]. AB - A pair of omphalopagous conjoined twins is presented. The girls were delivered by cesarean section, weighing together 4.330 g; Plain X-ray demonstrates separated GI tract. Hepatic scintigraphy delineated both livers, but not a common liver mass, which was found at operation. Following adequate preparation, surgical procedure was performed at the 11th day. This is the second case reported in the Spanish literature with survival of both twins. PMID- 3245644 TI - [Congenital syphilis: proposition for action]. PMID- 3245645 TI - [Aplasia cutis congenita and brachydactyly: Adams-Oliver syndrome]. PMID- 3245646 TI - [Intellectual evaluation of children subjected to cranial radiotherapy]. PMID- 3245647 TI - [Chylothorax]. PMID- 3245648 TI - [Oxidation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 on fatty acids and leukotrienes: implications in inflammatory mechanisms]. PMID- 3245649 TI - [The cost of care related to AIDS at the Henri Mondor Hospital]. AB - A retrospective analysis of the cost of hospital care related to AIDS was undertaken at Henri Mondor hospital, Creteil, to prepare the hospital budget for 1988. Eight representative cases of the type of medical care were thoroughly evaluated with inventories of all direct expenses (medico-technical, pharmaceutical, accommodation) incurred between the first hospital admission of each patient and June 1987 or the patient's death. The study comprises 17 hospital stays of over 24 hours or 439 days of diagnosis and treatment. The total daily direct expenditure varied from 979 to 1119 FF/day (depending on whether the drug Zidovudine was used), that is to say an increase of 7 to 23% compared with the previous average daily cost in the same hospital unit (909 FF/day). The density of personnel is lower than recommended for units receiving patients with advanced AIDS. This lack of personnel is responsible for an underevaluation of total cost of about 10%. Should the number of admissions with this disease increase, the hospital personnel budget would suffer the most, even if hospital admission for AIDS continues to substitute for other decreased or abandoned activities and do not therefore appear in total overexpenditure. PMID- 3245650 TI - [Human immunodeficiency virus infections and hospital structures: trends in the Public Assistance of Paris]. AB - The evolution of the number of patients with the AIDS virus admitted to the Paris hospitals is monitored by two index systems, one based on the discharge diagnosis and the other a transverse inquiry on a given day, updated every three months since its conception at the beginning of 1986. This index also allows an evaluation of the number of patients consulting for this condition. In 1986, AIDS and AIDS related complexes (ARC) represented 1 p. 100 of the activity of the Assistance Publique Paris hospitals including all in- and outpatients. These conditions will probably account for 2 p. 100 of the activity in 1987. The duration of cumulated hospital stay is on average 30 days per year for AIDS and ARC, divided into roughly 3 admissions, with a tendency towards more under-24 hour stays and domiciliary care. The clinical departments looking after these patients are varied and increasing in number, but most of the work is carried out by Departments of Infectious and Parasitic Medicine. PMID- 3245651 TI - [Changes in facial morphology probably caused by cyclosporin in an HIV seropositive patient]. PMID- 3245652 TI - Long-range electron transfer in myoglobin. AB - The distance and driving-force dependences of electron transfer (ET) in a set of four surface-ruthenated myoglobins, in which the heme prosthetic group has been systematically replaced by a series of metalloporphyrins of differing excited state redox potentials, have provided information on the magnitude [Hab(12.7 A) approximately 6.3 x 10(-3) cm-1] and decay [beta approximately 0.8 A-1, where kET alpha exp [-beta(d - do)]] of protein-mediated donor-acceptor electronic coupling. A reorganization energy lambda approximately 1.3 eV, due to coordination and solvation changes both at and between the ET sites, has been estimated using a rate expression that allows electron-vibration coupling to classical and quantum mechanical modes. The contribution to lambda from the porphyrin and peptide matrix is approximately 0.7 eV. Specific electron-tunneling pathways in the protein have been evaluated. PMID- 3245654 TI - Phagocyte-mediated carcinogenesis: DNA from phagocyte-transformed C3H 10T1/2 cells can transform NIH/3T3 cells. PMID- 3245653 TI - Optical and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hypoxia in human tissue and tumors. AB - Correlations of energy state with response to therapy are more difficult to analyze because of the large effect of tumor clearing and oxygenation upon the tumor energy state as detected by PMRS alone. The combination of time-resolved hemoglobinometry using picosecond laser technology and localized PMRS seems appropriate to unravel the complexities of therapeutic intervention, tumor energetics, and oxygenation. PMID- 3245655 TI - Radicals in melanin biochemistry. AB - Melanins are light-absorbant polymeric pigments found widely dispersed in nature. They possess many interesting physicochemical properties. One of these is the expression in the polymer of stable free radicals which appear to have a protective action in cells, probably by acting as a sink for diffusible free radical species. Polymer formation is thought to occur by a free-radical process in which semiquinones are added to the chain. Semiquinones are formed by redox equilibration interactions between metabolic intermediates formed during the tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation process. In the continued presence of substrate, steady-state concentrations of reactive species are predicted in the reaction system, and the melanogenic pathway may be considered as potentially hazardous for pigment-generating cells. This feature has been exploited by the use of analogue substrates to generate cytotoxic species as a possible rational approach to the treatment of malignant melanoma. One such substance is 4-hydroxyanisole, the oxidation of which gives rise to semiquinone radical species. The possibility that the anisyl semiquinone initiates a mechanism leading to cell damage has not been excluded. However, the current view is that the major cytotoxicity due to the oxidation products of this compound is the result of the action of the corresponding orthoquinone. A number of mechanisms exist for detoxifying quinones if they reach the cytosol such as O-methylation and the formation of thiol adducts with cysteine or glutathione, and these can be used as markers of melanogenesis. In general, however, only small amounts of reactive intermediates of melanogenesis escape from the confines of the melanosome, probably because of their limited lipid solubility. The selective toxic action of anisyl quinone in the treatment of melanoma may, in part, be due to membrane defects in the melanosomes of malignant melanocytes. PMID- 3245656 TI - Oxidative stress-induced plasma membrane blebbing and cytoskeletal alterations in normal and cancer cells. PMID- 3245657 TI - Membrane modifications induced by superoxide dismutase depletion as a model of oxidative stress. PMID- 3245658 TI - Copper complexes with superoxide dismutase activity enhance oxygen-mediated toxicity in human erythroleukemia cells. PMID- 3245659 TI - Antioxygenic enzyme activities in differentiating human neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 3245660 TI - Effect of tert-butyl hydroperoxide on metabolism of liver and hepatoma. PMID- 3245661 TI - Membrane antioxidants. AB - In this chapter, I have discussed both lipid-soluble and water-soluble antioxidants that exert protective action with respect to inhibiting lipid, and in some cases, protein oxidation in both natural and artificial membranes. In addition, recent work has begun to clarify exactly how antioxidant enzymes can protect membranes against peroxidative damage. Although we have some understanding of the mechanisms of several of these antioxidants, much work remains to be done before we can begin making dietary recommendations that may have profound implications with respect to aging, cancer, and the many other human diseases that have been associated with radical-induced damage. PMID- 3245662 TI - Fibronectin hyperpolarizes the plasma membrane potential of murine erythroleukemia cells. PMID- 3245663 TI - Ca2+-transport-mediated regulation of metabolism in hepatoma mitochondria. PMID- 3245664 TI - The localization of an antiorganelle monoclonal antibody (10A8) in the Golgi apparatus of rat cells. PMID- 3245665 TI - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and glycolysis in ascites tumor cells. PMID- 3245666 TI - The effect of magnesium on glucose utilization in ascites tumor cells. PMID- 3245667 TI - Shape change leading to cell death and Ca2+ entry in Yoshida hepatoma cells. PMID- 3245668 TI - Lonidamine-induced membrane permeability and the effect of adriamycin on the energy metabolism of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. PMID- 3245669 TI - Flow cytometric measurements of cytosolic [Ca2+] in normal and leukemic progenitor cells. PMID- 3245670 TI - Bicarbonate abolishes intracellular alkalinization in mitogen-stimulated NIH 3T3 cells. PMID- 3245671 TI - Transforming growth factor-beta: multifunctional regulator of cell growth and phenotype. PMID- 3245673 TI - Receptor for epidermal growth factor in neoplastic and non-neoplastic human thymus. PMID- 3245672 TI - The role of mitochondrial hexokinase in neoplastic phenotype and its sensitivity to lonidamine. PMID- 3245674 TI - Protein kinase C in cell proliferation and differentiation. PMID- 3245675 TI - Inhibitory action of transforming growth factor beta on thyroid cells. PMID- 3245676 TI - Molecular cloning of PTC, a new oncogene found activated in human thyroid papillary carcinomas and their lymph node metastases. PMID- 3245677 TI - The surface charge of membranes modulates the interaction with the anthracycline daunomycin. PMID- 3245678 TI - Lipid peroxidation in cancer cells: chemical and physical studies. AB - Our studies on the biochemical composition and the structural organization of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum isolated from Morris hepatomas 9618A and 3924A confirm the results obtained employing the total microsomal fraction. We have definitely established the following facts: (1) Tumor subcellular organelles exhibit the very low degree of peroxidizability that has been shown to be related to the growth rate of the tumor. (2) Associated with such a low susceptibility to peroxidation are (a) changed lipid composition of cellular membranes, whose content in polyunsaturated fatty acid is markedly decreased, and (b) changed static and dynamic properties of the membrane. Previously it was also found that cellular oxy-radical scavenging enzymes are markedly reduced. From these data, it is possible to infer that tumor membranes are altered structurally and functionally in part as the result of an oxy-radical-induced damage that occurs in vivo under conditions of oxygen toxicity. This seems to be supported by recent findings that the spontaneous increase in growth rate of the originally very slow growing Morris hepatoma 9618A results also in the loss of cytochrome P-450 (an important intramembraneous propagator of lipid peroxidation) as well as of C20:4 and C22:6. Studies performed by GLC and GC-MS on the fatty acid residues of phospholipids of rat liver microsomes show the presence of C20:3-OH and C18:1-OH, but no hydroxyl derivatives of low molecular weight aldehydes. The hydroxyl derivatives of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid are present in much smaller amounts in the microsomes isolated from H9618A and H3924A. PMID- 3245679 TI - Oxidative stress and cellular differentiation. PMID- 3245680 TI - Physiological and pathologic effects of oxidants in mouse epidermal cells. PMID- 3245681 TI - Oncogenes, hormones, and free-radical processes in malignant transformation in vitro. PMID- 3245682 TI - Cervical myelography. Run-up technique. PMID- 3245683 TI - [Value of MRI in the pre-therapeutic evaluation of laryngeal neoplasms. Comparison with CT X-ray. Apropos of 21 cases]. PMID- 3245684 TI - [Juxtacortical mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: contribution of radiology to diagnosis and monitoring]. PMID- 3245685 TI - [Disappearance of a calcification of the sub-quadriceps pouch in a case of chondrocalcinosis]. PMID- 3245686 TI - Spontaneous fracture in bovine fluorosis: microradiographic aspects. A case report. PMID- 3245687 TI - Treatment modalities in lung cancer. Workshop on Combined Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Modalities in Lung Cancer. Le Havre, June 9-13, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3245688 TI - A mathematical and computer-based model of alternating chemotherapy and radiation therapy in experimental neoplasms. PMID- 3245689 TI - Mathematical models in high-dose chemotherapy. PMID- 3245690 TI - Prospective study of pulmonary tolerance to radiotherapy or radiotherapy plus multidrug chemotherapy for loco-regional lung carcinoma. PMID- 3245691 TI - Use of the triangular test in the analysis of randomized clinical trials when the response criterion is censored: application to two trials in lung cancer. PMID- 3245692 TI - Effects of clindamycin and metronidazole on the intestinal colonization and translocation of enterococci in mice. AB - The intestinal colonization and translocation of enterococci was studied in mice treated intramuscularly with metronidazole or clindamycin, with or without oral streptomycin. Treatment with metronidazole resulted in selective elimination of strictly anaerobic cecal bacteria, with a 100-fold increase in the numbers of aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli and a 10,000-fold increase in the numbers of aerobic and facultative gram-positive species. Clindamycin had a similar effect on the cecal flora except that the numbers of aerobic and facultative gram-positive bacteria decreased at least 10-fold. The predominating gram-positive species in the cecal flora or metronidazole-treated mice was an enterococcus, but this organism could not be recovered from the ceca of clindamycin-treated mice. Translocating bacteria (primarily gram-negative enteric bacteria) were recovered from the mesenteric lymph nodes of the majority of mice given metronidazole or clindamycin. Gram-positive bacteria were not recovered from the mesenteric lymph nodes of 20 clindamycin-treated mice, whereas 26% of 19 metronidazole-treated mice had translocating enterococci. With addition of streptomycin to the metronidazole and clindamycin regimens, mice treated with metronidazole-streptomycin became colonized predominantly with an enterococcus, and this was the only translocating species recovered from 13% of 23 mice; however, enterococci could not be detected in the ceca of clindamycin streptomycin-treated mice, and Bacillus spp. were recovered from the mesenteric lymph nodes of 8% of 24 mice, reflecting the composition of the cecal flora. The apparent elimination of enterococci from the ceca of clindamycin and clindamycin streptomycin-treated mice was inconsistent with the observation that the average (n=6) peak levels of clindamycin in blood and ceca were 25 and 21 microgram/ml, respectively, whereas the in vitro MIC was 128 microgram/ml. However, this apparent in vivo activity of clindamycin against enterococci was not evident in mice given 10(9) oral enterococci; the concentrations of cecal enterococci in both clindamycin-streptomycin- and metronidazole-streptomycin-treated mice were 10(10) to 10(11) enterococci per g, with translocating enterococci recovered from approximately half of these antibiotic-treated mice. Thus antibiotic therapy with metronidazole, clindamycin, metronidazole-streptomycin, and clindamycin streptomycin resulted in a wide variation in the cecal population levels and translocation frequencies of enterococci. This variation appeared to be related to the discrepancy between the in vivo and in vitro activities of clindamycin against enterococci. PMID- 3245693 TI - Occurrence of the Campylobacter resistance gene tetO in Enterococcus and Streptococcus spp. AB - The distribution of nucleotide sequences related to tetK, tetL, tetM, and tetO was studied by dot blot hybridization in 178 strains of Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp. that were resistant to tetracycline. The tetO gene, which is responsible for tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter spp., was detected in six Streptococcus strains and two Enterococcus strains, in which it was borne by similar plasmids. This observation confirms our previous proposal that tetO originated in gram-positive cocci. tetM, the most prevalent resistance gene, was present alone in 109 strains and associated with tetL in 33 strains in which the two genes contributed cooperatively to high-level tetracycline resistance. tetL was present alone in five Enterococcus strains, and tetK was detected in a single Streptococcus strain. The existence of 22 strains that did not hybridize to the probes suggest that tetracycline resistance in streptococci and enterococci involves additional gene classes as well. PMID- 3245694 TI - Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of rimantadine in elderly adults. AB - To assess the possible effect of aging on rimantadine hydrochloride pharmacokinetics, single- and multiple-dose kinetics were determined in 18 healthy adults with ages between 51 and 79 years. Subjects ingested single 100-mg oral doses of rimantadine after an overnight fast, followed after 5 days by a dosage of 100 mg twice a day for 9.5 days. No differences were observed among the age-stratified groups in measured or derived pharmacokinetic parameters. Peak concentrations in plasma (mean +/- standard deviation) following the single- and multiple-dose regimens, respectively, were 89 +/- 25 and 417 +/- 129 ng/ml for subjects who were 50 to 60 years of age (group 1), 92 +/- 24 and 401 +/- 84 ng/ml for those 61 to 70 years of age (group 2), and 100 +/- 14 and 538 +/- 51 for those 71 to 79 years of age (group 3). The elimination half-life in plasma following multiple doses averaged 33.5 h for group 1, 32.5 h for group 2, and 38.6 h for group 3. Steady-state concentrations in nasal mucus developed by day 5 of dosing (1.5-fold higher than concentrations in plasma), and rimantadine remained detectable in secretions for 5 days after the last dose in 65% of subjects. Stepwise regression analysis suggested that changes in maximum concentration in plasma and area under the concentration-time curve at steady state may be related to creatinine clearance. The results indicate that no important differences in rimantadine multiple-dose pharmacokinetics exist among healthy elderly adults with ages between 51 and 79 years. PMID- 3245695 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics and serum inhibitory activity of clindamycin in different dosing regimens. AB - The comparative pharmacokinetics and serum inhibitory effects of clindamycin were evaluated in six healthy male subjects given multiple-dose infusions of the following regimens in a crossover fashion: 600 mg every 6 h, 900 mg every 8 h, and 1,200 mg every 12 h. Serial blood samples were obtained after the last dose in each regimen and analyzed for clindamycin by a sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography assay technique. Clindamycin pharmacokinetics were estimated by using noncompartmental methods, and serum inhibitory titers were serially determined against Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 and evaluated by using area under the serum inhibitory curve (AUIC). Maximum and minimum concentrations in plasma averaged 12.2 +/- 1.6 and 1.2 +/- 0.6, 16.3 +/- 4.0 and 0.9 +/- 0.5, and 16.8 +/- 2.5 and 0.4 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml for the 600-, 900-, and 1,200-mg regimens, respectively. Clindamycin plasma clearance and elimination half-life averaged 23.3 +/- 4.0 liters/h and 1.9 +/- 0.4 h for the 600-mg regimen, 25.6 +/- 8.2 liters/h and 2.1 +/- 0.4 h for the 900-mg regimen, and 26.4 +/- 4.7 liters/h and 2.1 +/- 0.4 h for the 1,200-mg regimen. These results were not significantly different. Apparent volume of distribution increased significantly for the 1,200-mg regimen compared with the 600-mg regimen. Mean maximum reciprocal serum inhibitory titers were 96 +/- 35, 101 +/- 43, and 160 +/ 78 for the 600-, 900-, and 1,200-mg regimens, respectively. Minimum reciprocal serum inhibitory titers averaged 12 +/- 4, 6 +/- 3, and 5 +/- 2 for the low-, medium-, and high-dose regimens, respectively. Mean AUIC increased roughly in proportion to dose. Similar daily values for the area under the concentration time curve and for AUIC for each of the regimens suggest similar daily drug exposure and serum inhibitory activity. A regimen of 1,200 mg every 12 h may represent an alternative dosing strategy for clindamycin. PMID- 3245696 TI - Construction of a probe for the aminoglycoside 3-V-acetyltransferase gene and detection of the gene among endemic clinical isolates. AB - A recent surveillance study at Vanderbilt University Medical Center indicated that 8.5% of the gram-negative bacilli isolated were resistant to gentamicin. To determine what proportion of current gentamicin-resistant isolates elaborated aminoglycoside 3-V-acetyltransferase [AAC(3)-V], a probe for this gene was constructed from a 975-base-pair PstI-SalI fragment of the nonconjugative R plasmid pCER954b. This plasmid was first isolated at Vanderbilt University Medical Center from epidemic strains of Serratia marcescens. Nineteen isolates determined to produce AAC(3)-V by MIC profile all reacted with the probe. The probe did not hybridize with DNA from organisms producing 10 other aminoglycoside modifying enzyme types. With this probe, 30 (36%) of 84 gentamicin-resistant, gram-negative bacilli elaborated AAC(3)-V. Of these 30 isolates, 25 contained a conjugative plasmid that transferred gentamicin resistance. In contrast to other medical centers, at Vanderbilt a sizable number of gentamicin-resistant, gram negative bacilli produced AAC(3)-V. This resistance determinant, initially identified in an epidemic Serratia strain, has persisted and become incorporated into currently isolated endemic strains of gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 3245697 TI - Production and isolation of reuterin, a growth inhibitor produced by Lactobacillus reuteri. AB - Lactobacillus reuteri is a prominent member of the Lactobacillus population in the gastrointestinal ecosystem of humans, poultry, swine, and other animals. Reuterin is a newly discovered, broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance produced by this species during fermentation of glycerol. In this report, we describe procedures for (i) producing reuterin in sufficient amounts to isolate from a fermentation mixture and (ii) isolating this substance by high-performance liquid chromatography. By using uniformly labeled [14C]glycerol, reuterin was identified as a product of glycerol fermentation associated with the production of beta hydroxypropionic acid and trimethylene glycol. PMID- 3245698 TI - Miconazole and amphotericin B alter polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions and membrane fluidity in similar fashions. AB - The influence of miconazole on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was investigated and compared with that of amphotericin B (AmB). Human PMN were preincubated in vitro with miconazole or AmB at therapeutically attainable concentrations in plasma, and their chemotactic functions were assessed with the synthetic chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Changes in membrane fluidity of PMN were examined by an excimer-forming lipid technique. Adherence of PMN was measured by a nylon fiber column method. Miconazole and AmB pretreatment irreversibly depressed PMN random migration and chemotaxis under agarose but did not influence superoxide anion production. Both miconazole and AmB increased PMN adherence. Miconazole and AmB lowered the binding affinity of FMLP receptors on PMN and decreased the membrane fluidity in a similar manner. These results demonstrate that miconazole and AmB alter selected in vitro membrane properties of human PMN. PMID- 3245699 TI - Pharmacokinetics and human tissue penetration of flurithromycin. AB - The relationship between concentrations in serum and levels in tissue of flurithromycin, a new fluorinated macrolide, was determined in patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery and thoracotomy. All patients received 500 mg of flurithromycin orally every 8 h. Drug levels in serum, bone, soft tissue, lung, and pericardial fluid were determined microbiologically. The total amount of antibiotic per gram of tissue was calculated on the basis of the concentration in the supernatant of the homogenate. From the parallel course between free concentrations in serum and calculated contents in interstitial fluid tissue, it was concluded that the tissues examined were easily accessible by flurithromycin; penetration values measured by the ratio of areas under the curve were 8.3 for lung, 3.6 for bone, and 0.8 for soft tissue. The results of the pharmacokinetic study suggest that accumulation of the drug during repetitive multiple doses is predictable. Mean residence times were 10.2 and 8.3 h in groups 1 and 2, respectively. For bacteriostatic drugs such as macrolides, not only very high but also prolonged concentrations in tissue lead to favorable therapeutic result. PMID- 3245700 TI - Decrease in antimicrobial susceptibility of Bordetella bronchiseptica caused by antigenic modulation and phase variation. AB - The susceptibilities to 20 antimicrobial agents of Bordetella bronchiseptica variants in C mode and degraded phases were compared with those of their parents in X mode. Increases in MICs of 4- to 32-fold were observed for ampicillin, carbenicillin, erythromycin, novobiocin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and oxolinic acid. PMID- 3245701 TI - Antibacterial activities of cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone. AB - Cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone inhibited Branhamella catarrhalis at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, beta-hemolytic streptococci at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml, Neisseria meningitidis at less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml, and Haemophilus influenzae (other than beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant isolates) at less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml. The MICs for 50% of isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae other than Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter cloacae were less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml for all three cephalosporins. The MICs of each cephalosporin for 90% of staphylococci, enterococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were greater than 16 micrograms/ml. Inoculum effects were noted with cefpodoxime and cefixime with beta-lactamase-positive H. influenzae. PMID- 3245702 TI - Anticryptosporidial activity of sulfadimethoxine. PMID- 3245704 TI - [Controlled search for the producers of ionophore antibiotics among Streptomycetes]. AB - A procedure was developed for directed screening of cultures producing ionophore antibiotics among streptomycetes. The procedure is based on measuring the membrane potential generated in the presence of the Men+/nH+ = -expchanger protonophore couple. It provided isolation of cultures producing ionophore antibiotics at the fermentation broth stage. It was possible to use the procedure in screening both electrogenic and nonelectrogenic ionophores and to rapidly differentiate them. 5 cultures producing ionophore antibiotics were detected with this procedure; 3 of them carry out nonelectrogenic transport of the cations. The cation transport in the other two cultures was electrogenic. Cation selectivity of the antibiotics produced by the cultures was determined with the procedure. An antibiotic identical to indanomycin was isolated from the culture fluid of Streptomyces chromogenes. PMID- 3245703 TI - Studies on the immobilization of glucuronidase (Part 2). Cleavage of hardly soluble substrates in organic solvents. AB - Naturally occurring glucuronides and glucosides dissolved in organic solvents can be split with the help of beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) immobilized on controlled pore glass. To protect the enzyme against denaturation by the organic solvents and to promote hydrolytic cleavage of substrates, two methods were used: (a) Immobilization via crosslinking with aged glutaraldehyde in presence of bovine serum albumin; and (b) Adsorption of wet enzyme to the carrier in the presence of organic solvents. PMID- 3245706 TI - [DNA liquid crystals as a possible system of testing the interactions between DNA and biologically active compounds of platinum (II) and various antibiotics]. AB - DNA liquid crystals forming in water-salt solutions containing polyethylene glycol were used as a system for testing consequences of reactions of antitumor compounds belonging to two different groups with molecules of nucleic acids. It was found that with due account of the level of DNA molecule filling with daunorubicin it was possible to form two cholester phases characterized by the textures of "finger prints" and CD spectra with intensive bands of unlike signs, as well as the nematic phase characterized by the texture of the "black twisted fiber" system and the absence of the CD spectrum intensive band. Modification of the DNA molecules resulting from the reaction with cysdichlorodiamine platinum (II) led to formation of a new liquid crystalline phase with properties differing from those of the liquid crystalline phases of the cholester or nematic type. PMID- 3245705 TI - [Various approaches to the search for the producers of bacteriocin-like substances among bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas]. AB - Some methods providing rapid and methodically simple study of large microbial collections and detection of cultures producing bacteriocin-like substances perspective for further investigation are described. The use of cellophane disks and study of the proteolytic enzyme effects allowed the authors to detect organisms producing high molecular antibiotics of protein nature. PMID- 3245707 TI - [Elaboration of the method of "quiescent cells" for the study of heliomycin synthesizing system of Streptomyces olivocinereus]. AB - A resting cell procedure was developed for S. olivocinereus. Washed mycelium of S. olivocinereus produced heliomycin for a short incubation period of 1.5 hours in a nitrogen-free medium containing a buffer solution, salts, a source of carbon and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. With the developed procedure production of heliomycin in the system of resting cells was investigated. For this purpose mycelium collected during various phases of S. olivocinereus development in batch cultures was used. It was found that in the batch cultures the rate of heliomycin production by the 24th hour of the development was comparable with that of the antibiotic accumulation in the resting cell system. After that period it markedly decreased by the 48th hour. This deviation in the dynamics of heliomycin production in batch cultures and the resting cell system can serve as a basis for further studies on heliomycin biosynthesis control by the carbon source. PMID- 3245708 TI - [Effect of sulfalene and furosemide on benzylpenicillin kinetics in rats with aseptic inflammation]. AB - The effect of sulfalen and furosemide on benzylpenicillin kinetics in blood serum, intact tissues and aseptic inflammation foci was studied on rats. It was shown that under the action of sulfalen and furosemide protein binding of benzylpenicillin lowered by 30 per cent. The changes in the antibiotic kinetics after combined use with sulfalen and furosemide were of the same type: markedly increased concentrations in blood serum and tissues and retarded elimination. PMID- 3245709 TI - [Antimicrobial preparations and normal microflora. Problems and possible ways of their solving]. PMID- 3245710 TI - [Rifampicin in the treatment of infections of non-tuberculous etiology]. AB - Clinical efficacy of rifampicin, a semisynthetic broad spectrum antibiotic was estimated in 247 patients with purulent inflammations. It was shown advisable to use rifampicin intravenously in treatment of severe bronchopulmonary pathology, disorders of the bile excretion system, osteomyelitis, severe wound infections and in prophylaxis of postoperative purulent complications in cardiovascular surgery and other cases. High rifampicin sensitivity of staphylococci and streptococci belonging to various species was revealed. Rifampicin was found to be less active against gramnegative pathogens. The isolation frequency of rifampicin sensitive strains of E. coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. and P. aeruginosa amounted to 88.4, 52.1, 58.8 and 49.3 per cent respectively. PMID- 3245711 TI - Effect of L-carnitine on motility and acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. AB - L-carnitine added to the suspension medium decreases the glucose-sustained progressive motility of human spermatozoa. Addition of 20 mM L-carnitine to the capacitation medium causes an inhibition of the occurrence of the acrosome reaction parallel to a viability enhancement and negligible changes of the cellular content of ATP. The cellular efflux of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase was also inhibited by L-carnitine. A possible role of L-carnitine on membrane stability and metabolism of spermatozoa is briefly discussed. PMID- 3245712 TI - Histochemistry of L-leucyl beta-naphtylamidase activity in genital tract of men. AB - The histochemical method to demonstrate L-leucyl-beta-naphtylamidase (LNAase) activity has been applied to biopsies of normal human ductus deferens, deferential ampulla, seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland, and cavernous urethra. An intensely positive reaction was observed in the secreting epithelia of prostate, Cowper's, and urethral (Littre's) glands. Not only the prostate but also the Cowper's and Littre's glands secrete some LNAase into the semen. A possible role of the seminal LNAase is discussed. PMID- 3245713 TI - Hyperprolactinemia and impotence. AB - One hundred impotent men and 15 sexually active male volunteers served as the source for this study. Serum prolactin was estimated in all cases using radioimmunoassay technique. Cases with hyperprolactinemia were treated with bromocriptine for 3 months. Hyperprolactinemia was detected in three patients only (3%), with no findings of pituitary tumors. Treatment with bromocriptine markedly reduced the level of serum prolactin together with improvement of sexual libido and potency. The mere presence of 3 cases only with hyperprolactinemia among 100 impotent subjects suggested that hyperprolactinemia is not one of the main causes of impotence. PMID- 3245715 TI - [Mental health, psychosocial factors and prevention]. PMID- 3245714 TI - [Health and prevention. Current concepts]. PMID- 3245717 TI - [Intervention by Mme S. Chappellon-Briancon. Education of staff in drug addiction and of health care personnel of seropositive and/or patients with AIDS]. PMID- 3245716 TI - [Prospective biology in prevention]. PMID- 3245718 TI - [Developments in infant mortality in Belgium from 1900 to 1981 according to the 3 postnatal periods]. PMID- 3245719 TI - [Protection of the pregnant woman. Administrative, medical and social problems]. PMID- 3245720 TI - [Effect of conorphone on the dimensions of the myocardial infarct and the ultrastructural changes in the adjacent tissue]. AB - Among contemporary problems of cardiovascular therapy, pain management in the cardiac patient is an important issue. Correct selection of a suitable analgesic drug is important in the acute phase of myocardial infarction because pain relief prevents adrenergic response which aggravates unbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demands. Until today morphine has been the best choice, nevertheless its side effects and limited availability demands pharmacological alternatives. Meperidine has been used for this purpose although its anticholinergic and narcotic profiles do not fulfill the therapeutic requirements. Conorphone is a codeine derivative which retains analgesic potency without other narcotic side effects and which presents an antagonistic profile for the remainder of opiate effects. Preliminary studies demonstrate that conorphone lacks cardiovascular side effects. Conorphone also shows antiarrhythmic effects in experimental models such as in rat in which arrhythmias were induced by coronary ligation. In this paper a morphologic analysis with electron microscopy was done on adjacent myocardial tissue next to an area of infarct. Experimental myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of descendant branch of left coronary artery, four hours prior to rat sacrifice and suitable samples for ultrastructure study were obtained. The experiments demonstrate that a group of rats that received 3.1 mg/kg of conorphone had less expressions of cellular damage when compared with similar myocardial areas of a control group of rats. PMID- 3245721 TI - [Intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. A Mexican multicentric study]. AB - To evaluate the benefits of intravenous streptokinase (SQIV) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we joined a group of ten Mexican university hospitals, that were coordinated by the National Institute of Cardiology of Mexico. We included patients less than 70 years of age admitted to the hospital with less than 6 hours from the onset of chest pain during their first myocardial infarction. All patients had ST segment elevation of 1.5 mm or more, and none had contraindication for SQIV. They received 1.5 millions of SQIV in one hour. Reperfusion criteria included absence of pain, ST segment reduction and a rapid rise and fall of enzyme levels. Angiographic criterion for reperfusion was the permeability of the affected coronary vessel. Of 66 patients studied, 57 (86%) had clinical reperfusion; of the 24 available angiographic studies, 92% demonstrated reperfusion. Eight (12%) of the patients had minor complications and 7 (10%) had serious complications. There were 0 deaths. We concluded that SQIV is a useful therapeutic procedure, easy to perform in general hospitals. PMID- 3245722 TI - [The P loop in atrioventricular septal defect. Embryologico-vectorcardiographic correlation]. AB - Atrial vectorcardiograms (vcg) were analysed in 23 patients with partial (n = 15) or complete (n = 8) forms of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD). The rotation and the projection of the maximum left atrial vector (MLAV) on the frontal plane (FP) and on the horizontal plane (HP) were noted. To assess the possible influence of the degree of left-to-right shunting and the right atrial and right ventricular pressures on the rotation and MLAV projection, these vcg data were correlated with hemodynamic values obtained at the time of preoperative cardiac catheterization. Vcg characteristics of the patients were also compared with those of 25 healthy individuals. No significant differences were noted between the vcg of patients with the partial form and those with the complete form of AVSD. Also, there was no apparent influence of the hemodynamic values on the loop rotation or the MLAV projection in either plane among the patients. However, the MLAV showed a more posteriorly and superior location in the FP and HP than in normal subjects (p = 0.0001). Moreover, 67% of the cases showed a clockwise rotation of the loop in the HP and 33% in the FP; in contrast, normal subjects always showed a counterclockwise rotation in both planes. A more posterior and superior MLAV is consistent with direct observations in human embryos with AVSD which have shown that deficiencies of the posterior portion of the interventricular septum are the basic feature in all cases. The adaptation of the conductive tissue to such deficiency occurs in early phases of cardiac development. PMID- 3245723 TI - [Immediate and long-term results of aortic valvulotomy in aortic valve stenosis]. AB - Between April 1962 and December 1982 we performed valvulotomies on 68 patients to correct valvular aortic stenosis (VAoS). Forty-one were men and 27 women whose ages ranged from 20 months to 47 years (mean = 11.9 +/- 6.4 years). In 95% of cases VAoS was congenital. All patients underwent clinical preoperative evaluation with chest roentgenogram and electrocardiogram (ECG). Catheterization was done on 89.7%. Symptoms varied from none to syncope and stress angina. Symptoms bore no relation to the systolic aortic gradient, which oscillated between 31 and 200 mm Hg. There was a significant postoperative improvement in symptoms and less notable improvement in chest X-rays and ECG. Follow-up was from 1 to 22 years (mean = 7.12 +/- 4.43 years). Thirty-nine patients were followed for 5 or more years with serial clinical, radiological and electrocardiographic control. Fifty percent underwent postoperative catheterization. Seventeen patients continued with residual aortic regurgitation (AoR). Fourteen patients were again operated. A new valvulotomy was performed on 2 and valve replacement was done on the rest. Perioperative mortality was 2.9% and long-term survival 88% with 84.6% of the patients asymptomatic or in functional class I of the NYHA. Survival curves were plotted and the literature reviewed. The conclusion was that although this surgery constitutes a low risk, it should be considered palliative in the majority of the cases. PMID- 3245724 TI - [Diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy by pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. AB - Characteristics of flow through atrioventricular valves were analyzed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) in 7 patients with either constrictive pericarditis or restrictive cardiomyopathy and 10 controls to determine the value of this technique in their differentiation. All patients were admitted with systemic venous congestion and underwent right and left heart catheterization. PDE variables considered included peak flow velocity (PV), acceleration time, peak velocity of the atrial component (PVA), PVA/PV quotient, duration of early diastolic fillings, deceleration of early diastolic filling, duration of diastolic flow and mean temporal velocity. Ventricular filling differed between patients and controls in that the former group was characterized by higher PV's, lower PVA's, higher deceleration and lower PVA/PV quotient. When we compared both patient groups we found a significant tendency toward higher PV's, faster deceleration and lower PVA/PV quotient in constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 3245725 TI - [Aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum. Study by Doppler echocardiography (color mapping in one of the cases)]. AB - Eight patients with aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum (AMIS) were studied, in all of them the diagnosis was done by Doppler echocardiography (D-E). In all cases, the AMIS was visualized in left parasternal long and short axis views. In six of them by means of apical and subcostal four chamber views. The AMIS was identified as a bag-shaped echo at the level of the interventricular septum; it bulged into right ventricle during systole. Left-to-right shunt was demonstrated by pulsed wave Doppler in 5 patients and in another case with color flow mapping. AMIS has a mild hemodynamic repercussion as is the case with small ventricular septal defects. D-E offers diagnostic advantages, with high specificity if the AMIS is demonstrated in several views and the left-to-right shunt is recognized and quantified by Doppler technique. PMID- 3245726 TI - [Hypertensive retinopathy in patients with aortic coarctation]. AB - In order to assess the incidence and the determinants of hypertensive vascular changes in the retina of patients with coarctation of the aorta, fifty (37 male and 13 female) were analyzed. The mean age of the group was 18.7 +/- 10.3 years. No one had evidence of nephropathy. Different degrees of hypertensive retinopathy (Puig-Solanes classification) were observed in 54%. Of the patients, no one had papilledema. Retinal vascular damage was not related to either age or sex. The group of patients with retinal vascular lesions had a mean level of systolic arterial pressure higher than the group with normal retinas. Multivariant statistical analysis of the results permitted the identification of systolic arterial pressure higher than 150 mm Hg, age greater than 15 years and cardiomegaly as the three variables more frequently associated with retinal vascular lesions. Surgical correction of the aortic malformation resulted in normalization of both systolic and diastolic arterial pressures in 98% of the total number of patients as determined one year postoperatively. It is concluded that, in coarctation of the aorta, vascular damage of the retina appears to have an incidence that is similar to that observed in patients with other forms of systemic arterial hypertension. The development of these retinal lesions in patients with coarctation of the aorta would seem to be determined by the severity and duration of the hypertensive process. PMID- 3245727 TI - [Diagnosis of the myocardial inactivatable zone in the presence of right and bilateral intraventricular blocks]. AB - The electro-vectorcardiographic manifestations of uncomplicated and complicated proximal and peripheral right conduction system blocks are described. In the presence of an advanced degree right bundle branch block (RBBB), the septal activation, which occurs with abnormal spreading, originates electromotive forces of greater duration and consequently of more importance than normal ones. Peripheral right blocks provoke a segmentary delay of right ventricle activation, producing asynchronism of the electrical phenomenon between upper and lower regions of the ipsilateral ventricle. The coexistence of an inactivatable anteroseptal zone with an advanced degree RBBB cause the phenomenon of "wave jumping" to begin in inferior posteroseptal regions. Therefore, the transitional leads see the first fronts of the said phenomenon moving away and register Q waves. The presence of a transmural inactivatable right parietal zone permits the corresponding external electrodes to record the morphology of the ipsilateral intraventricular complex. In certain cases a right anterior subdivision block (RASB) or a right posterior subdivision block (RPSB) can complicate with an inactivatable septal or ipsilateral septo-parietal zone, but these do not notably modify Q waves of the ventricular complex in the right leads. PMID- 3245728 TI - Relative negative inotropic potencies of nine calcium channel blockers in cultured heart cells. AB - The direct inhibitory effects on contractility and beating rate of the calcium channel blockers diltiazem, verapamil and dihydropyridine derivatives nicardipine, nifedipine, nitrendipine, PY 108-068, (+/- ) PN 200-110 and its 2 stereoisomers, were compared in cultured chick embryo ventricular cells. In spontaneously beating cells, the negative inotropic and chronotropic potencies of nicardipine, nifedipine, nitrendipine and PY 108-068 were not significantly different. The inhibitory effects of verapamil, nifedipine and nicardipine were studied in cells electrically driven at a frequency close to their spontaneous beating rate: verapamil, nifedipine and nicardipine had similar negative chronotropic potencies; when the rate of stimulation was increased 1.5 and 2 fold, a frequency-dependent inhibitory effect on contraction was shown for verapamil, but not for nifedipine and nicardipine. Therefore, in our model, where the effects of beating rate on the amplitude of contraction were taken into account, no significant difference in the direct negative inotropic potenties of nifedipine and nicardipine was shown. PMID- 3245729 TI - Effects of the novel class Ia and class III antiarrhythmic agent RS-87337 on myocardial conduction in the anaesthetised dog. AB - The effects of the novel Class Ia/III antiarrhythmic compound RS-87337 on canine myocardial conduction were compared with those of the Class I antiarrhythmic disopyramide. RS-87337 had no effects on intra-atrial (I-A) or intra-ventricular (I-V) conduction parameters up to 10 mg.kg-1 i.v. (n = 6). Only one incidence of atrioventricular (A-V) block occurred at 10 mg.kg-1 at a pacing frequency of 261 beat.min-1. Disopyramide (5-10 mg.kg-1 i.v., n = 6) produced a frequency dependent I-A conduction block and also significantly increased resting and paced A-V conduction times. Overall, disopyramide exhibited atrioselectivity while RS 87337 appeared more selective for ventricular conduction, possibly produced by a balance of its mixed Class Ia/III properties. RS-87337 was not cardiodepressant in the normal canine myocardium and produced no adverse effects on conduction parameters at doses up to 10 mg.kg-1 i.v. PMID- 3245730 TI - Cardiac electrophysiological effects of bupivacaine in the anesthetized dog: relation with plasma concentration. AB - The effects of increasing plasma levels of bupivacaine on sinus node, atrial tissue, atrio-ventricular node, His-Purkinje system and ventricular tissue were evaluated in 16 thiopental-anesthetized dogs. A bolus of bupivacaine administered over 3 min was followed by an infusion over 60 min. Three dosages were administered: 1 mg/kg followed by 0.5 mg/kg/hr in 4 dogs, 2 mg/kg followed by 1 mg/kg/hr in 6 dogs and 4 mg/kg followed by 2 mg/kg/hr in 6 dogs. Electrophysiological parameters of sino-atrial node, atria, atrioventricular node, His-Purkinje system and ventricle and mean aortic pressure were recorded before the administration of bupivacaine (control) and 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after the initial bolus. Blood samples were taken at the same time. On the basis of plasma bupivacaine concentrations, the dogs were divided in 6 groups: group 0 (control), group I (less than 1 microgram/ml), group III (1.5 to 2 micrograms/ml), group IV (2 to 3 micrograms/ml) and group V (greater than 3 micrograms/ml). At plasma concentrations less than 1.5 micrograms/ml bupivacaine prolonged conduction times over the His-Purkinje system and ventricle. At plasma levels greater than 1.5 microgram/ml it depressed also the sinus node and the atrioventricular node functions. No statistically significant difference was found between the control group and the other groups for mean aortic pressure, pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and kalemia. In conclusion, it is suggested that bupivacaine behaves as a class I antiarrhythmic drug at the lower plasma concentrations and as a class I and class IV antiarrhythmic drug at higher plasma concentrations. PMID- 3245731 TI - Cardioselective effects of gallopamil compared with verapamil in the dog heart. AB - The cardiac and coronary vasodilator effects of gallopamil and verapamil were compared in isolated, blood-perfused papillary muscle, sinoatrial (SA) node and atrioventricular (AV) node preparations of the dog. Gallopamil and verapamil (0.3 100 micrograms) were injected intra-arterially. In all preparations, gallopamil produced an equipotent but longer-lasting increase in coronary blood flow compared to verapamil. In paced papillary muscle preparations, both drugs reduced the force of contraction. In spontaneously beating papillary muscle preparations, both drugs had virtually no effect on the ventricular rate. In SA node preparations, both drugs reduced the sinus rate and produced atrial standstill at medium and large doses. In AV node preparations, both drugs prolonged the AV conduction time and produced second- or third-degree AV block at medium and large doses only when injected into the artery supplying the AV node, but not when injected into the artery supplying the His-Purkinje-ventricular system. The cardiac effects of gallopamil described above were 2-3 times more potent and were longer-lasting than those of verapamil. These results suggest that gallopamil is more selective for myocardium (papillary muscle, SA node or AV node) than for coronary vasculature compared with verapamil in isolated, blood-perfused heart preparations of the dog. PMID- 3245732 TI - Action of diisopropylfluorophosphate and of diacetylmonoxime on acetylcholine levels and on cholinesterase activity in the central nervous system. AB - The modification of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and of the acetylcholine (ACh) levels caused by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) alone and in association with 300 mg/kg of diacetylmonoxime (DAM) have been studied in the olfactory brain, in the cortex and in the medulla-pons of the rat. DFP caused a reduction of the levels of ACh at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg. An increase of the levels of ACh was observed at 4.0 mg/kg of DFP only in the olfactory brain and in the cortex. A dose-dependent reduction of the AChE activity was observed after DFP. DAM reactivated the AChE activity to the levels of the controls after 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg of DFP. In this experimental situation, the ACh levels returned to the control levels after 0.25 mg/kg of DFP and, in the medulla-pons, also after 0.5 mg/kg of DFP. DAM caused a partial recovery of the AChE activity but no modification of the ACh levels at 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg of DFP. PMID- 3245733 TI - Antagonism of adenosine-induced relaxation by methylxanthines in coronary artery. AB - Adenosine plays an important role in the regulation of coronary blood flow, as it relaxes the coronary smooth muscle through A2 receptors. Methylxanthines have been used to antagonize the A1 and A2 adenosine receptors in various tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antagonistic profile of methylxanthines towards A2 adenosine receptor in bovine coronary arteries. 8-p sulpho-phenyltheophylline (8-SPT), 1,3-diethyl-8-phenyl xanthine (DPX) and 8 phenyltheophylline (8-PT) shifted the concentration-response curve for NECA to the right in parallel. Enprofylline (EN) did not shift significantly the concentration-response for NECA to the right. 1,3-Dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chloro) phenylxanthine (PACPX) shifted the concentration-response curve for NECA to the right and showed a probable noncompetitive antagonism. Based on the KB values, the relative order of potency for the methylxanthine analogs were 8-SPT greater than DPX greater than PACPX greater than 8-PT greater than EN. The data suggest that 8-ST and DPX are potent A2 adenosine receptor antagonists. PMID- 3245734 TI - Different inhibition by vasodilators of coronary artery contraction. AB - Actions of a variety of vasodilators were compared in helical strips of the dog coronary artery, previously soaked in Ca2+-free medium under severe hypoxia. Ca2+ entry blockers, such as nifedipine and flunarizine, did not affect the PGF2 alpha induced contraction in Ca2+-free medium, but strongly reduced the Ca2+-induced contraction under severe hypoxia in the strips stimulated by PGF2 alpha. The contraction obtained following reoxygenation was also reduced by the Ca2+ blockers. Nitroglycerin and isoproterenol inhibited the PGF2 alpha- and Ca2+ induced contractions as well as the reoxygenation-induced contraction. PGI2 methylester and TRK-100, stable analogues of PGI2, attenuated the PGF2 alpha induced contraction in Ca2+-free medium, but not the Ca2+-induced contraction under hypoxia. PGI2 analogues inhibited the contraction due to reoxygenation to a greater extent than Ca2+ entry blockers, nitroglycerin and isoproterenol. The present study differentiated the inhibitory actions of various vasodilator agents on coronary artery contractions, possibly associated with the release of Ca2+, influx of Ca2+ through receptor-operated channel, and reoxygenation-induced facilitation of Ca2+ influx. Suppression by the vasodilators of the reoxygenation induced coronary vasoconstriction may participate in the prophylaxis of no-reflow phenomena elicited by severe hypoxia. PMID- 3245735 TI - Effects of capsaicin on the contractility and peptide-containing nerves of large cerebral arteries of the cat. AB - Capsaicin caused a vasoconstrictor response of the cat middle cerebral and basilar arteries in vitro both in the presence and absence of active tone. The vasoconstrictor response to capsaicin appeared and attained almost the maximum level at a dose of 10(-7) M. It is likely that capsaicin directly induced a contraction of smooth muscle cells, since the vasoconstrictor response was independent of the presence of endothelium and nerve components. When the tissue exhibited an active tone by the application of uridin 5'-triphosphate, the contractile response was evoked by capsaicin at lower concentrations. The maximum developed tension was greater in denervated tissues than in control tissues. After the exposure of the tissue to capsaicin in vitro, the intensity of substance P- and CGRP-like immunofluorescence diminished markedly, while that of neuropeptide Y- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunofluorescence was not grossly altered. These results indicate that, while capsaicin releases and depletes some vasodilator peptides from perivascular nerves, the powerful direct vasoconstrictor effect overwhelms the vasodilator effects in large cerebral arteries of cats. PMID- 3245736 TI - Histamine tachyphylaxis in young dog airway--compared with adult dog. AB - The phenomenon of histamine tachyphylaxis in vitro previously observed in the airway smooth muscle from adult dogs was investigated in airway smooth muscle from young dogs (age 72-96 days; mean: 91 days). Tachyphylaxis was demonstrated by repetitive exposure to 10(-4) M histamine (4th contractile response was 53.0 +/- 4.9% of the initial histamine contraction; n = 6, P less than 0.01). This result was similar to that previously reported (Anderson et al., 1979) in adult canine tracheal smooth muscle. Tachyphylaxis to histamine was demonstrated also by repetitive exposure to histamine (10(-4) M) in the small airway smooth muscle (2 mm diameter), (4th contractile response was 59.6 +/- 7.2% of the initial histamine contraction; n = 6, P less than 0.01). This tachyphylaxic response is not present in the small airways from adult animals. The development of histamine tachyphylaxis in both tracheal and small airway smooth muscle could be prevented or reversed by preincubation of the tissue with indomethacin (2.8 x 10(-6) M). The composite information thus implicates prostaglandins as the most probable mediators of the process. These results suggest that the variable phenomenon of histamine tachyphylaxis is dependent on the maturity of the animal and on the size of the airway. PMID- 3245737 TI - Uptake and displacement of [3H]-propranolol and [3H]-chlorpromazine in isolated, recirculating perfused guinea-pig lungs. AB - The pulmonary uptake of tritium labelled propranolol and chlorpromazine and their displacement by amphiphilic drugs has been studied in isolated guinea-pig lungs. Lungs were perfused by recirculation with 60 ml tyrode solution (carbogen gassed, 37 degrees C, 6% hydroxy-ethyl-starch) at a flow rate of 10 ml/min. In uptake experiments, a steady state was reached within 20 min with 95% of 10(-9) M propranolol and 90% of 10(-9) M chlorpromazine removed from the perfusate. Using 10(-4) M propranolol, a saturation process became evident, whereas no concentration dependency was observed for chlorpromazine uptake. Kinetic analysis revealed similar uptake rates, but different capacities for both compounds. In displacement experiments, 10(-9) M propranolol was displaced by 10(-4) M amphiphilic drugs in the order: chlorpromazine greater than propranolol greater than alprenolol greater than tetracaine. No displacement occurred by practolol, indomethacin or phenylbutazone. The results indicate that the lungs have a large binding capacity for amphiphilic drugs. These compounds can interfere with each other, according to their lipophilicity, their steric configuration and charges. PMID- 3245739 TI - Muscarinic receptor sensitivity in airway smooth muscle of patients with obstructive airway disease. AB - The hypothesis of an increased muscarinic receptor sensitivity in airway musculature of patients with asthma, chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema was investigated through methacholine-induced contraction of isolated airway smooth muscle strips. Contractile responses were recorded isotonically in tracheal smooth muscle preparations of 5 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, 2 patients with emphysema and 1 patient with allergic asthma, as well as in bronchial tissue preparations of 7 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. The responses were compared to those obtained in airway tissue preparations of 25 control subjects. The sensitivity to methacholine was normal in all groups of patients. This suggests that muscarinic receptor behaviour is normal in airway smooth muscle of patients with obstructive airway disease. PMID- 3245738 TI - Doxofylline, an antiasthmatic drug lacking affinity for adenosine receptors. AB - In the present study the interaction of doxofylline, a new antiasthmatic drug, with A1- and A2-adenosine receptors of the guinea-pig brain and rat striatum was investigated in comparison with known methylxanthine derivatives. Inhibition studies of N6-cyclohexyl-3H-adenosine (3H-CHA), 1,3-diethyl-8-3H-phenylxanthine (3H-DPX) binding and 3H-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (3H-NECA) binding showed how doxofylline did not bind to adenosine receptors in a pharmacological fashion, since doxofylline affinity for A1- and A2-adenosine receptors lies in a 10(-4) M range, a concentration which is too high to have any pharmacological meaning or predictability. However, saturation binding studies demonstrate that doxofylline behaves as a competitive inhibitor of the 3 radioligands used to label adenosine receptors. These data seem to corroborate the theory that antagonism to adenosine receptors is not necessarily associated with bronchodilator activity of methylxanthines, and explain the lack of the typically unwanted side effects induced by methylxanthine derivatives after doxofylline administration. PMID- 3245740 TI - Effect of metoclopramide and ranitidine on acetylcholine release from isolated rat stomach. AB - Metoclopramide and ranitidine (10(-6)-10(-4) M) enhanced the electrical field stimulation-evoked contractions of isolated rat fundus and increased the gastric emptying in conscious rats. The enhancement of the fundus contractions by metoclopramide and ranitidine was abolished by atropine, but not by yohimbine, hexamethonium, propranolol or methysergide. The electrical field stimulation evoked [3H]outflow from rat fundus strips, which has been preincubated with [3H]choline, was reduced by tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) or in calcium-free medium, and potentiated by 4-amino-pyridine (3 X 10(-4) M), an acetylcholine (ACh) releasing agent. Metoclopramide and ranitidine (10(-6)-10(-4) M) did not increase the [3H]outflow from the strips, in spite of causing a significant enhancement of their contractile response. However, both agents caused an increase in the ratio of [3H]acetylcholine/[3H]choline released into the superfusate during electrical field-stimulation. In rat fundus homogenates, metoclopramide and ranitidine showed a significant cholinesterase inhibition. These results seem to cast a doubt on the generally held ACh release hypothesis for the action mechanism of metoclopramide on one hand, and suggest, on the other hand, that cholinesterase inhibition contributes to some extent to the gastrokinetic effects of metoclopramide and ranitidine. PMID- 3245741 TI - Gastric protective effects of gastric secretagogues on 0.6N HCl-induced gastric lesions in rats. AB - The effects of gastric secretagogues on 0.6N HCl-induced gastric lesions and gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contents were investigated in rats. Secretagogues such as histamine (Hist) and amogastrin (Gast) significantly inhibited the formation of gastric lesions induced by 0.6N HCl. The time course of the gastric protective effect of these secretagogues paralleled the increase of gastric acid secretion. This increase was due to the increase in acidity, not to the volume of the gastric juice. The gastric protective effects of Hist and Gast were inhibited by pretreatment with cimetidine, timoprazole and indomethacin. Hist and Gast caused an increase of PGE2 contents in gastric mucosa. These increases were inhibited by the administration of cimetidine and timoprazole. Carbachol (CCh), however, did not have any gastric protective effect; nor did it have any effect on PGE2 contents. CCh caused an increase of acid secretion due to the increase of the volume of gastric juice, but not to an increase in acidity. These results suggest that the gastric protective effect of Hist and Gast, induced by the increase of acidity in gastric juice, is due to the endogenous PGE2 synthesized by the stimulation of acid in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 3245742 TI - Salicylic acid metabolism in pregnant rats. AB - The metabolism of salicylic acid was investigated in pregnant rats over the whole gestational period. The results obtained showed no significant difference between pregnant and control animals. PMID- 3245743 TI - Biphasic response of circular muscle to prostaglandin E2 in guinea-pig colon. AB - The effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on mechanical and electrical activities of the colonic circular muscle strip of guinea-pig were examined. PGE2, at doses over 10(-7) M, produced an initial contraction, followed by a relaxation, while PGF2 alpha (10(-6) M) produced a tonic contraction. The biphasic response of circular muscle strip to PGE2 was not influenced by atropine, tetrodotoxin, propranolol and indomethacin. PGE2 (10(-6) M) initially increased spike discharges, followed by their inhibition in the colonic circular muscle strip. Verapamil (10(-5) M) blocked PGE2-induced initial contraction but did not block the following relaxation. At low temperature (22 degrees C-27 degrees C) and in the presence of tetraethylammonium (5 x 10(-3) M), PGE2 (10(-6) M) produced a contractile response without showing any relaxation. The present results suggest that PGE2-induced initial contraction may depend on an increase in spike discharges and that the following relaxation may depend on an increase in K-ion permeability in the colonic circular muscle. The reason why PGE2 showed a biphasic response on the colonic circular muscle strip is considered to be a summation of rapid small contraction and of late large relaxation. PMID- 3245744 TI - Effect of nicardipine on the isolated uterus and other smooth muscles of the rat. AB - Increasing concentrations of nicardipine were found to inhibit various types of muscular activation (electrical stimulation, acetylcholine, oxytocin, potassium chloride), as well as the spontaneous rhythmic activity of the isolated rat uterus. The degree of the inhibitory effect of nicardipine depends on the type of activation. Nicardipine showed an exceptionally high efficacy in inhibiting contractions induced by electrical stimulation and of spontaneous rhythmic activity. For inhibition of these contractions, even femtomolar concentrations of nicardipine were sufficient. The relaxant effect of nicardipine depends on the concentration of extracellular calcium and the temperature of the medium. Nicardipine shows high selectivity for the uterine smooth muscle because even in very high concentrations it exerts an insignificant relaxation of the other isolated smooth muscles (oesophagus, bladder, colon descendens) as well as of the isolated intercostal muscle of the rat. Our experiments indicate that nicardipine might have a role in the therapy of premature delivery and abortion because of its great selectivity for the uterine smooth muscle. Nicardipine causes a stronger inhibition of the tonic than of the phasic component of contraction induced by potassium chloride and oxytocin. These findings suggest that potassium chloride and oxytocin act through various populations of calcium channels. PMID- 3245745 TI - Dissociation of the effects of acute chlomipramine on morphine analgesia and plasma concentrations. AB - Morphine-induced analgesia and plasma concentrations were evaluated in rats after the administration of the opiate alone or together with chlomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant drug. As expected, chlomipramine increased antinociceptive thresholds, but also increased morphine-induced analgesia in a dose-related fashion. Plasma concentrations of free morphine were higher in rats that had been administered chlomipramine, but the increase in plasma concentrations was not related to the increase in analgesic thresholds. In conclusion, the data reported indicate that chlomipramine increases the analgesic effect of morphine, but this is not related to plasma concentrations of the opiate. PMID- 3245746 TI - Differential effects of mercurial and methylmercurial ions on the phrenic nerve and diaphragm of the mouse. AB - Both Hg2+ and CH3Hg+ exert a depressive action on the twitch amplitude elicited by nerve stimulations more rapidly than that by muscle stimulation. CH3Hg+ was relatively more potent than Hg2+ in the nerve depressive action but was weaker on the muscle. Hg2+ induced a rapid phase and a slow phase of contracture in the diaphragm, while CH3Hg+ induced only a slow one. The biphasic contracture induced by Hg2+ could be inhibited by repetitive washout of the diaphragm with low Ca2+ (10(-3) mM) Krebs and also by treatment with glycerol to close T-tubule, while the slow contracture induced by CH3Hg+ was little affected by glycerol treatment. None of denervation, d-tubocurarine and tetrodotoxin inhibited the contracture induced by Hg2+ and CH3Hg+, indicating that the contracture was induced by a direct action on the muscle. Hg2+, but not CH3Hg+, rapidly caused a decrease of the membrane potential, decreased the amplitude and prolonged the duration of the muscle action potential. Hg2+ also initially decreased and then increased 45Ca2+ uptake of the diaphragm, but CH3Hg+ had no effect, except a prolonged incubation at a high concentration. The action of Hg2+ could be antagonized by glutathione, and CH3Hg+ was more susceptible than Hg2+ to the antagonistic action of glutathione. Both Hg2+ and CH3Hg+ did not change the ATP content of the diaphragm. All of these findings indicate that the monovalent organic CH3Hg+, with a higher lipophilicity, possesses a higher affinity to the nerve while the divalent cationic Hg2+ exerted more effects than CH3Hg+ on the sarcolemma of the mouse diaphragm. PMID- 3245747 TI - Cardiovascular effects of GABA system activating drugs injected into the caudal ventrolateral medulla of the rat. AB - Drugs activating GABAergic systems were microinjected into the caudal ventrolateral medulla of the rat and effects on blood pressure and heart rate were investigated. In urethane-anesthetized rats, a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure and heart rate was induced by unilateral injections of GABA (30 300 ng) into the caudal ventrolateral medulla. Unilateral injections of the GABA receptor agonist muscimol (1-10 ng) and baclofen (0.1-10 ng) into the brainstem area also increased both the cardiovascular parameters. The GABA uptake inhibitors nipecotic acid (1-3 micrograms) and L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (1 microgram), and the GABA-T inhibitor gamma-acetylenic GABA (1-3 micrograms) injected unilaterally into the brainstem area also produced hypertension and tachycardia. Bilateral microinjections of nipecotic acid (0.3 microgram) into the area potentiated the pressor and tachycardiac responses to carotid artery occlusion in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Lesioning of the rat nucleus tractus solitarii did not alter the GABA content in the lesioned side of the caudal ventrolateral medulla. The data provide further evidence that endogenous GABAergic mechanisms in the rat caudal ventrolateral medulla are involved in the regulation of blood pressure. It seems unlikely that the GABAergic mechanisms originate mainly from neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii. PMID- 3245748 TI - Inhibition of hepatic microsomal carboxylesterase activity by paraoxon. AB - A large number of therapeutic agents are esters of carboxylic acids and are thus substrates for microsomal carboxylesterase enzymes. These studies characterized the effects of the organophosphate compound, paraoxon, on the hydrolysis of several drug esters (procaine, chloramphenicol succinate, prednisolone succinate, lidocaine, procainamide and methylparaben) by microsomal preparations from guinea pigs. These investigations demonstrate that carboxylesterase activity toward several drug esters is present in liver, lung and kidney. The liver is by far the major site of hydrolysis of these ester compounds. Since no hydrolysis was observed with the two amide esters, the hydrolysis of carboxylesters and amide esters appears to be mediated by different enzymes in the guinea-pig. At the substrate concentrations studied, the hydrolysis of methylparaben followed zero order kinetics. When added to isolated microsomal preparations, paraoxon produced a dose-dependent inhibition of hydrolysis of all substrates. Administration of paraoxon to guinea-pigs prior to isolation of microsomes did not produce consistent effects with any substrate. Inhibition of ester hydrolysis was observed with some pretreatments, while either no change or increased hydrolysis was observed with other pretreatment regimens. PMID- 3245749 TI - [The unjustified use of medications: a serious problem on the increase]. PMID- 3245750 TI - [Strategies for improving the therapeutic patterns used in acute diarrhea in primary medical care units. I. Methodology and features of the medical units and the population studied]. PMID- 3245751 TI - [Strategies for improving the therapeutic patterns used in acute diarrhea in primary medical care units. II. The measurement of inequality: a methodologic strategy, analysis of the socioeconomic features of the sample]. PMID- 3245752 TI - [Strategies for improving the therapeutic patterns used in acute diarrhea in primary medical care units. IV. Features of the treatments prescribed by the family physicians and the patients]. PMID- 3245753 TI - [Strategies for improving the therapeutic patterns in acute diarrhea in primary medical care units. V. Evaluation of a therapeutic regimen based exclusively on clinical data]. PMID- 3245754 TI - [Strategies for improving the therapeutic patterns used in acute diarrhea in primary medical care units. VI. Evaluation of the strategy aimed at family physicians for increasing the use of oral rehydration and decreasing that of antibiotics and restrictive diets]. PMID- 3245755 TI - [Strategies for improving the therapeutic patterns used in acute diarrhea in primary medical care units. VII. Analysis of compliance with the therapeutic regimens utilized]. PMID- 3245756 TI - [Strategies for improving the therapeutic patterns used in acute diarrhea in primary medical care units. VIII. Evaluation of the technics for supplementary information during the medical consultation]. PMID- 3245757 TI - [Strategies for improving the therapeutic patterns used in acute diarrhea in primary medical care units. IX. Analysis of the economic impact of the strategy used]. PMID- 3245758 TI - Strategies for improving the therapeutic patterns used in acute diarrhea in primary medical care units. X. Conclusions and research perspectives. PMID- 3245759 TI - Effective treatment of recurrent acromegaly with a long-active somatostatin analogue (sandostatin). PMID- 3245760 TI - [Antimycotic agents. 22. Chlor-(1-piperazinyl)-1,3,5-triazines]. PMID- 3245761 TI - The significance of the imidazole ring in anticonvulsant activity of (arylalkyl)imidazoles. PMID- 3245762 TI - S-(+)-naproxen chloride as acylating agent for separating the enantiomers of chiral amines and alcohols. PMID- 3245763 TI - [Indoles of nifedipine]. PMID- 3245764 TI - Synthesis of some substituted carbamodithioic acid esters and their anticholinergic properties. PMID- 3245765 TI - [Pethidine analogs with restricted conformation. 3. Stereoselective synthesis and pharmacologic testing of trans-3-methyl-10b-carbethoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b octahydrobenzo (f) isoquinoline]. PMID- 3245766 TI - Enzymatic reduction of benzamidoxime to benzamidine. PMID- 3245767 TI - [Association of myopathies and alcoholic cardiomyopathy: clinical, electroneuromyographic and histopathologic study of the skeletal muscle in 10 cases of alcoholic cardiomyopathy]. AB - Myocardial and skeletal muscle impairment caused by alcohol has been thoroughly studied. Nevertheless, the simultaneous involvement of those tissues by ethanol has not been broached in medical literature. We have studied ten patients undergoing alcoholic cardiomyopathy. They were subjected to a detailed neurological examination, muscle enzymes serum level determinations, electromyography, and muscle biopsy with analysis of the tissue by usual histological techniques and by electron microscopy. Only one of ten patients exhibited proximal weakness and atrophy of the lower limbs, the electromyographic and histological findings correlating with the clinical feature of the chronic muscle disease due to alcohol consumption. The electromyographic findings included muscle disease in eight patients, neuron disease in one patient and no changes at all in the tenth patient. In one patient only, the skeletal muscle proved normal when examined by conventional histological techniques. In the other nine patients there were several minimal changes, such as the proliferation of nuclei beneath the sarcolemma, atrophy of fibers, hyalinization, vacuolation, loss of muscle fiber striae, and atrophy of groups of fibers. Electron microscopy demonstrated the following changes in nine patients: intracellular edema, dissociation of myofilaments, alteration of the Z line, changing in the shape and increase in the number of mitochondria, thickening of sarcolemma, and vacuolation and increase of the glycogen granules. Since all patients exhibited skeletal muscle injury, we concluded that there is a close relation between alcoholic cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle disease. PMID- 3245768 TI - [The battered child syndrome: neurologic aspects in 7 cases]. AB - Data on 7 cases of battered child syndrome with neurological complications are reviewed. First symptoms were convulsions and bulged fontanel of undetermined origin. At clinical examination the unexpected presence of retinal hemorrhage in 5/7 patients has been the main criteria to diagnostic definition. CT showed the presence of subdural collections in the majority of the patients. A normal CT, however, does not display the possibility of future problems. Successive CT studies have proved useful. In two cases they demonstrated the appearance of diffuse images of central nervous system destruction some weeks later, and probably related to ischaemic troubles in connection with the aggression mechanisms. PMID- 3245769 TI - [Actuarial evaluation of the effect of anticonvulsants on electroencephalographic changes: experience in 309 cases]. AB - The author makes an actuarial evaluation study of her clinical work over 309 patients about the effect of anticonvulsivant drugs used in many kinds of electroencephalographic changes. The follow-up had been done for 10 years and percent of changes remission was about 70%. PMID- 3245771 TI - [Lateral cervical puncture for myelography and cerebrospinal fluid collection: technical note]. AB - The lateral cervical puncture for myelography or cerebrospinal fluid collection is a modification of the technique of percutaneous cervical cordotomy. It may be performed at the atlanto-axial or atlanto-occipital interspace. It is simple to perform, and appears to be safer and more easily mastered than suboccipital puncture, with no more discomfort to the patient than that associated with lumbar puncture. PMID- 3245770 TI - [Chronic muscular dysfunction of the bulbar innervation in hyperthyroidism: report of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of chronic bulbar muscular dysfunction in a thyrotoxic man, with complete remission of the symptoms after the use of propranolol, with and without concomitant use of propylthiouracil. Some aspects of this unique complication of hyperthyroidism are discussed. PMID- 3245772 TI - [Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a girl with chromosomal translocation]. AB - It is reported the case of an 8-year-old girl with clinical and laboratory findings suggestive of Duchenne muscular dystrophy who had a chromosome translocation involving the X chromosome, 46,X,t(Bp+,Xq-). A review about Duchenne muscular dystrophy in females is made, with emphasis about chromosome abnormalities, mainly chromosome translocations. PMID- 3245773 TI - Chronic pachymeningitis associated to hypereosinophilia: case report. AB - A male 22 years old patient who consulted due to headache and increasing visual loss is being presented. Alterations in the exam were represented by right amaurosis and left temporal hemianopsis. Pathological and tomographical studies revealed chronic pachymeningitis with eosinophilic infiltration. An elevated eosinophilia and an increasing in anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinins were associated to the clinical course. They returned to normal values after treatment with tiabendazol. Even though there is not a certain conclusion as regards the etiology, the probable parasitary nature of the process is outlined. PMID- 3245774 TI - [Raeder's syndrome caused by dissecting carotid aneurysm]. AB - The authors report a case of Raeder's paratrigeminal syndrome and make some comments about the diagnosis: a dissecant aneurysm of internal carotid artery. PMID- 3245775 TI - [Giant parasellar aneurysm simulating pituitary tumor]. AB - Seven cases of compromised pituitary fossa at the conventional skull X-ray, who had the final diagnosis of giant aneurysm of the intracavernous portion of the carotid artery (6 cases) and one of the anterior communicating artery, are reported. The main findings were: headache (7/7), complex ophthalmoplegia involving the III, IV and VI cranial nerves (5/7), compromised V cranial nerve (4/7) and eyeball pain (4/7). Other manifestations were: meningeal signs (2/7), unilateral blindness (1/7), hemiparesis (1/7), cacosmia (1/7) and inferior bitemporal quadrantanopsia (1/7). Five patients with intracavernous carotid artery aneurysm showed benefits with progressive occlusion of the internal carotid artery at the cervical level. One died before surgery. The case with anterior communicating artery aneurysm improved after its surgical clipping. Our data, in accord with the literature, support the conclusion that the differential diagnosis of aneurysms in the parasellar region remains a very difficult task. The accurate final diagnosis requires cerebral angiography and the surgical treatment with progressive occlusion at the cervical portion of the internal carotid artery has a relatively low risk with promising results. PMID- 3245776 TI - Changes in rat parotid saliva protein composition following chronic reserpine treatment and their relation to inanition. AB - Chronic administration of the catecholamine-depleting agent, reserpine (0.5 mg/kg), resulted in a reduction in food intake after 3 days. To differentiate effects of the drug from those of reduced food intake a pair-fed group, whose daily caloric intake was restricted to the amount consumed by the reserpine treated rats, was included. After 7 days, both the reserpine-treated and pair-fed control exhibited a marked reduction in the volume of saliva collected in a 30 min interval following a secretory stimulus compared to untreated ad libitum-fed controls, and the proportion of salivary proteins attributable to acidic and basic proline-rich proteins and to minor 1b protein were decreased whereas deoxyribonuclease was increased. For two of the salivary proteins (fractions I and V) changes for the reserpine-treated and pair-fed groups were different. Fraction I was reduced in both groups, but exhibited a greater decrease in the pair-fed than in the reserpine-treated, whereas fraction V was significantly increased only in the pair-fed group. Thus many of the salivary changes associated with reserpine treatment may have resulted from the change in feeding habits and not from reserpine treatment per se. The study demonstrates the importance of controlling for food intake under experimental circumstances which may lead to a marked change in daily feeding habits. PMID- 3245777 TI - Isometric muscle tension generated by masseter stimulation after prolonged alteration of the consistency of the diet fed to growing rats. AB - The forces developed by the masseter muscle and the diet-related changes were studied in situ. The active tetanic tension was measured indirectly by recording the forces applied to the mandible in four different predetermined interincisal distances. The highest tension developed in all the experimental groups was with an interincisal distance of 11 mm. The tetanic tension was significantly lower in rats fed a soft diet than in those fed a normal diet. This difference might be due to the smaller muscle fibres in rats with decreased functional demand. The changes in the masticatory muscles may influence the tension applied to the facial skeleton and cause the alteration in the craniofacial growth previously found in rats fed a soft diet. PMID- 3245778 TI - Collection and biochemical analysis of human dental plaque from the approximal tooth surfaces and comparison with plaque from free smooth surfaces. AB - The composition of approximal plaque was compared with that normally collected from the free smooth surfaces in investigation of 45 males aged 11-14 years and 75 females aged 13 years. Statistically significant differences in calcium, inorganic and organic phosphorus, magnesium, fluoride and carbohydrate were observed between free smooth-surface and approximal plaque. The concentrations were always lower in the approximal sample, ranging from 55 to 70 per cent of those in free smooth-surface plaque. A subsequent comparison in 12 students indicated that the concentration of total lipids in approximal plaque was about twice that of free smooth-surface plaque, a difference which could explain the quantitative disparity in total composition between the two types of plaque in the studies with children. The differences are consistent with approximal plaque having reduced access to a range of environmental factors due to diffusion limitation in its deeper layers. PMID- 3245779 TI - The buffer capacity of single-site, resting, human dental-plaque fluid. AB - A carbonate equilibration method was used to measure the buffer capacity of resting plaque fluid collected from single buccal or interproximal sites of upper and lower first molars or anterior teeth. The maximum buffer capacity was 26 m equiv./l at pH 7.1. The buffer contribution from the measured concentrations of phosphate and carbonate was calculated for each sample. These values were compared with the buffering actually measured and with that expected from organic acids, proteins, and amino acids at average values, as taken from reports in the literature. Relative contributions of buffer species at the average pH of the samples (6.86) were: 35 per cent phosphate, 10 per cent carbonate, 10 per cent protein, 10 per cent organic acids, 2 per cent amino acids, 30 per cent unidentified. There were no significant differences in the buffer capacities of samples originating from sites that differ in their accessibility to saliva. Buffering in resting plaque fluid is more than twice that in saliva and did not show differences correlated with the intra-oral location of the samples. PMID- 3245780 TI - Extracellular potassium concentrations in human dental plaque fluid recovered from single sites. AB - Previous studies using potassium ion-selective microelectrodes have demonstrated that potassium concentrations in dental plaque fluid obtained by centrifugation are identical to whole plaque values determined immediately after collection. Such procedures were now used to examine the variations in potassium concentrations between single-site samples of overnight-fasted resting plaque fluid. The potassium concentrations (67.3 +/- 10.8 mmol/l, N = 50) were similar to those found before in whole plaque within 1 min of removal from the mouth and did not appear to be site-dependent. Possible mechanisms for the maintenance of potassium in plaque fluid at higher than salivary levels are described. PMID- 3245781 TI - The effect of infrahyoid-muscle tenotomy on orofacial motor activity in the rat. AB - The effects of disturbed proprioceptive feedback from the infrahyoid muscles on the control of chewing and drinking were studied in the unrestrained rat. Rats were trained to lick and to eat in a fixed body position in front of a video camera. After training, the left and right sternohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid muscles were cut close to the hyoid bone. EMG-wire electrodes were inserted into the superficial masseter, the anterior and posterior digastic and sternhyoid muscles. EMG-recordings were made at the third, the tenth and the eighteenth day after tenotomy. After about a week the cut ends of the muscles became encapsulated in connective tissue and began to reattach to the hyoid bone; in some animals the sternohyoid muscle reattached to the trachea. In the period before reattachment the mean cycle duration for chewing (but not for drinking) increased. After reattachment the mean cycle duration returned to control values. The contraction patterns after tenotomy were similar to those of the controls during chewing and drinking. The mean burst duration of the sternohyoid increased after tenotomy during chewing but not drinking; it decreased in the digastric muscles and did not change in the masseter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3245782 TI - Autonomic regulation of potassium release from human labial salivary glands in vitro. AB - Labial salivary-gland slices from normal human subjects were incubated in vitro according to various protocols. The autonomic regulation of these was significantly different from that of most major salivary glands. K release was stimulated by incubation with a cholinergic agonist but not with alpha- or beta adrenergic agonists. The cholinergically-induced K release was dependent on agonist concentration and was inhibited by the addition of atropine, and by the removal of Ca in the presence of EGTA. PMID- 3245783 TI - A histochemical study of the main excretory duct of the human submandibular gland. AB - The duct was reacted histochemically to identify glycoproteins and several enzymic activities. Neutral mucosubstances were detected in the entire cytoplasm of the principal cells, and acid glycoproteins were identified only in a thin apical zone corresponding to the glycocalyx. Lysosomal enzymes were demonstrated as cytoplasmic granules, whereas endogenous peroxidase was diffusely distributed throughout the entire cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. 17 beta- and 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and prostaglandin-synthetase reactivity were intense in all epithelial cells. PMID- 3245784 TI - Absence of in-vitro fluoride-binding by the organic matrix of developing bovine enamel. AB - The in-vitro binding of fluoride to isolated organic matrix of secretory bovine enamel was studied by direct fluoride measurement and equilibrium dialysis. Over a wide range of protein and fluoride concentrations there was no indication of fluoride binding by the matrix in contrast to earlier reports. PMID- 3245785 TI - The relative distribution of fluoride in erupted and unerupted enamel of human third molars from a low fluoride area. AB - Acid-etch biopsies were taken from the centre of the mesio-lingual, disto lingual, disto-buccal and mesio-buccal cusps of non-carious erupted (n = 16, aged 18-28 years) and unerupted (n = 21, aged 18-28 years) teeth. The donor subjects had lived continuously in a low fluoride area (F water less than 0.1 parts/10(6] from birth, and had had no systemic fluoride supplementation. Tooth brushing, mouth rinsing and the application of sealers were the only fluoride-containing anti-caries programmes practised singly or in combination. Six successive acid etchings were taken from each of the four cusps, and the fluoride levels in the etching solution were measured with an adapted, fluoride ion-selective electrode. Up to a depth of about 10 microns, unerupted enamel was etched significantly (p less than 0.05) more deeply than erupted enamel, which might be explained by changes in its composition. Up to a depth of approximately 10 microns, significantly more fluoride was found in erupted than in unerupted enamel. This difference may mainly be attributed to the effect of fluoride from the oral environment on erupted enamel. Fluoride concentrations, up to a depth of approximately 3 microns, were (p = 0.07) higher in the buccal cusps than in the lingual cusps of erupted molars, but not at the other etch depths. There were no significant differences (p greater than 0.10) between the buccal and lingual cusps of the unerupted molars at any depth. No significant correlations between enamel fluoride concentrations and age could be found either for erupted or unerupted third molars. PMID- 3245786 TI - A cross-sectional study of the effects of alcohol on the protein profile of rat lingual epithelium. AB - Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, and subsequent densitometric analysis of rat lingual epithelial proteins, showed that for expression of previously reported protein alterations in the lingual epithelium of alcoholic rats, chronic alcohol consumption is required. Alterations in the levels of a high molecular-weight glycoprotein and a 30 k dalton protein in the rat lingual epithelium became significant following 60 days of alcohol consumption. Alterations in the levels of a 28 k dalton protein required more time to become significant. The results provided no evidence of a precursor/product relationship between the high molecular-weight glycoprotein and the two lower molecular-weight proteins. PMID- 3245787 TI - Three-dimensional movement analysis of lateral pterygoid electromyographic activity during mastication in the rat. AB - Simultaneous recordings of mandibular movement in three dimensions (frontal, horizontal and sagittal plane), and lateral pterygoid electromyographic (EMG) data during mastication of pellets and slurry, were collected from 5 rats by the opto-electronic mandibular tracking (OMT) method and computerized digital processing of the EMG wave-forms. The microcomputer analyses allowed determination of frontal-, horizontal- and sagittal-plane movement displacements and velocities for whole chew cycles and, during lateral pterygoid activity, opening burst (OB) and closing burst (CB) latencies. There were significant (p less than or equal to 0.01) differences between duration, displacement and velocity data from slurry and pellet chew cycles. OB latencies were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) longer than CB, and OB displacements started significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) farther from minimal gape than CB ones. Working-side OB activity occurred as the mandible moved inferiorly, laterally and posteriorly; working-side CB activity occurred as the mandible moved superiorly, medially and anteriorly. A secondary peak of OB activity, coinciding with anterior sagittal translation during the last third of mandibular depression, was detected; this may represent independent activity of the rat superior lateral pterygoid effecting anterior translation of the mandibular-joint disc and capsule. Rat lateral pterygoid activity has the same basic, bimodal pattern (active during both mandibular depression and elevation) as is found in humans. PMID- 3245788 TI - The assay of glandular kallikrein and prekallikrein in human mixed saliva. AB - The measurement of glandular kallikrein in biological fluids most often utilizes a synthetic substrate, H-D-valylleucylarginine-p-nitroanilide (S-2266), which assesses amidase activity. Although this substrate has reasonable specificity for glandular kallikrein, other tryptic-like proteases found in mixed saliva may also cause hydrolysis. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of the use of this substrate for the measurement of glandular kallikrein in human mixed saliva. An additional objective was to determine the presence of prekallikrein in mixed saliva. The addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), which inhibits other tryptic-like enzymes but not glandular kallikrein, resulted in an approx. 30 per cent decrease in the hydrolysis of S-2266 by centrifuged mixed human saliva. A correlation of 0.918 was obtained between the biological assays for kinin release and amidase activity in 19 subject samples. Amidase activity increased following treatment of saliva with trypsin, indicating the presence of prekallikrein in human mixed saliva. It is concluded that S-2266 is an accurate substrate for the assay of glandular kallikrein in human mixed saliva; that the inclusion of SBTI in the assay mixture is needed to inhibit non kallikrein proteases that may also hydrolyse the synthetic substrate; and that prekallikrein is present in mixed saliva. Thus any future studies of changes in the level of kallikrein in saliva may wish to consider the presence of both active and total levels of glandular kallikrein. PMID- 3245789 TI - Studies on cell migration, adenylate cyclase and membrane-coating granules in the buccal epithelium of the zinc-deficient rabbit, including the influence of isoproterenol. AB - Cell migration was slightly increased; cytochemical reaction deposits of adenylate cyclase and the area density of membrane-coating granules (MCG) were significantly increased. Upon isoproterenol stimulation, the MCG area density was significantly increased, whereas the cell migration rate was unchanged. Thus in zinc deficiency, there may be a simultaneous increase in the production and secretion of MCGs, in adenylate cyclase activity, and in cell migration. The non significantly increased cell migration rate may not keep pace with the significantly increased cell-production rate, resulting in thickening of the epithelium. PMID- 3245790 TI - Distribution of fluoride in the enamel of rat incisors examined by an abrasive microsampling technique. AB - This study was undertaken to reveal detailed changes in fluoride distribution at different developmental stages of upper incisor enamel under various fluoride administration regimes. Four groups of Wistar rats received water containing 0, 25, 50 and 100 parts/10(6) fluoride respectively for 10 weeks. Five different enamel specimens were removed from the developing enamel, excluding the matrix formation stage. Fluoride distribution in each specimen was analysed from the surface to the enamel-dentine junction using an abrasive microsampling technique. Fluoride concentration was invariably highest at the surface and decreased sharply towards the interior at every site in both control and experimental groups. The concentration throughout the tissue increased with fluoride intake at each stage of development. The fluoride-gradient curves were similar at each of the different sites of tooth development. However, the fluoride concentration of the enamel interior was significantly higher at early maturation than at the other four sites. PMID- 3245791 TI - The dissolution rate of enamel in acid in developing rat incisors. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the changes in this dissolution rate at different developmental stages after different fluoride dietary regimes. Four groups of Wistar rats received water with 0, 25, 50 and 100 parts/10(6) fluoride respectively for 10 weeks. Six exposed windows of 2 mm2 were prepared on the enamel surface of the upper incisors, corresponding to six different developmental stages. The acid-dissolution rates were determined at each window by using 1.4 M sodium acetate-hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 2.3). The rate of enamel dissolution was highest in the matrix-formation stage and dropped sharply in a step-wise fashion towards the stages of secondary mineralization and iron deposition. The dissolution rate in the maturation stage decreased significantly with increasing intake of fluoride. However, in the pigmented enamel, the opposite occurred. The iron pigmentation or the porosity in this region of fluorosed enamel might be responsible for the change in the dissolution rate of the pigmented enamel. PMID- 3245792 TI - The effect of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide on the eruption of resected incisor teeth in the rat. AB - It has been observed that there may be two mechanisms making resected rat incisors erupt during their phase of normal eruption rates, only one of which works during their slow phase of eruption. The effects of cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids on the eruption of non-resected teeth may also be consistent with the presence of two eruptive mechanisms, one responsive to cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, the other not, or less, responsive to them. To see whether this previous work has, in different experiments, revealed the same pair of mechanisms, the effects of cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids on resected incisors were investigated. Cortisone accelerated their eruption and cyclophosphamide slowed it when they were erupting at normal rates, but neither compound had any effect during the initial slow phase. PMID- 3245793 TI - Enzymatic sulphation of mucus glycoprotein in rat sublingual salivary gland. AB - Sulphotransferase activity catalysing the transfer of sulphate ester group from 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulphate to salivary mucus glycoprotein was located in detergent extracts of the Golgi-rich membrane fraction of rat sublingual salivary glands. Optimum enzyme activity was obtained with 0.5 per cent Triton X 100, 20 mM NaF and 2 mM MgCl2, at pH 6.8, using desulphated sublingual salivary mucus glycoprotein. The enzyme was equally capable of sulphation of the proteolytically degraded and desulphated glycoprotein, whereas the acceptor capacity of intact salivary mucus glycoprotein was about four times lower. The Golgi enzyme preparation also catalysed the sulphation of galactosylceramide. However, the sulphation of mucus glycoprotein was not affected by the presence of this glycolipid, suggesting that the sulphotransferase involved in mucin sulphation is different from that responsible for the synthesis of galactosylceramide sulphate. The apparent Km of the sublingual-gland mucus glycoprotein sulphotransferase for salivary mucin was 7.7 microM. The 35S labelled glycoprotein product of the enzyme reaction gave, in CsCl density gradient, a band in which the 35S label coincided with the glycoprotein. Alkaline borohydride reductive cleavage of this glycoprotein released the label into the reduced acidic oligosaccharide fraction. Upon thin-layer chromatography, two [35S]-oligosaccharides were detected. These were identified as penta- and heptasaccharides, each bearing a labelled sulphate ester group on the terminal N acetylglucosamine residue. Based on the results of chemical and enzymatic analyses of the intact and desulphated compounds the following structures for these oligosaccharides are suggested: SO3----GlcNAc beta----Gal beta----GlcNAc beta----Gal beta----GlcNAc beta----(NeuAc----)GalNAc-ol and SO3----GlcNAc beta--- Gal beta----GlcNAc beta----(NeuAc----)GalNAc-ol. PMID- 3245794 TI - Bacteriology of periodontal disease in the cat. AB - Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from 32 cats showing different stages of periodontal disease. Correlations were sought between gingival index scores and the prevalence of various microbial groups, and between microbial populations found in sites designated as most-affected and least-affected within individual cats. The tendency with higher gingival index scores, and with the most-affected sites, was toward a microbial population composed to a greater extent of anaerobic Gram-negative rods. The most common organism was an anaerobic Gram negative rod in the black-pigmented Bacteroides group that was biochemically similar to B. gingivalis but had catalase activity. The black-pigmented Bacteroides group and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were found in increasing numbers with increasingly severe periodontal disease. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from most samples and appeared to decrease in numbers with increasing periodontal disease. PMID- 3245795 TI - Induction and inhibition of hydroxyapatite formation by rat dentine phosphoprotein in vitro. AB - Highly phosphorylated rat incisor phosphoprotein (PP-H) was purified and covalently attached to agarose beads. The beads were incubated for 24 h in solutions having an ionic strength of 0.165, a molar Ca/P ratio of 1.67, and a pH of 7.4. The calcium-phosphate concentration products [( Ca][P]) in the stable incubation solutions ranged from 1.0 to 1.8 mM2, from which no spontaneous precipitation occurred. In a timed series mineral formation was monitored by SEM and X-ray diffraction. The inhibitory capacity of PP-H, free solution, was also studied. The first mineral appeared after 10 min at a [Ca][P] product as low as 1.2 mM2; X-ray diffraction showed that the mineral was (hydroxy)apatite. Thus small amounts of PP-H attached to a surface are capable of inducing mineral formation in vitro at comparatively low supersaturation, whereas PP-H is a mineral inhibitor when free in solution. PMID- 3245796 TI - The possible analgesic effect of soft-laser irradiation on heat nociceptors in the cat tongue. AB - These effects were studied by recording single-fibre discharges in the lingual nerve. A total of 11 heat nociceptors were tested and of these 60 per cent decreased their firing frequency following soft-laser (GaA1As semiconductor laser) irradiation for 1 min; firing frequency was decreased in all the nociceptors studied following irradiation for 3 to 10 min. The reduction in firing rate was similar between 5 and 10 min after irradiation suggesting the effect reached a plateau within this time. These findings suggest that soft-laser irradiation might have an analgesic effect on tongue pain. PMID- 3245797 TI - The basement membrane and associated structures in the murine endolymphatic sac. AB - The ultrastructure of the basement membrane of the murine endolymphatic sac was studied under various experimental conditions in labyrinthectomized and ethacrynic acid-treated animals and was compared with normal anatomy. The basement membrane was clearly visualized after staining with ruthenium red or dialyzed iron. The basement membrane of the murine sac consists of two different layers: the lamina rara and the lamina densa. It demarcates the border between the epithelial cells and the subepithelial connective tissue. Our findings suggest that the basement membrane acts as a physical support to the epithelium in the endolymphatic sac. The basement membrane also shows a dynamic capacity to form a new basement membrane, with the result that the lateral intercellular space between contiguous epithelial cells may be integrated with the subepithelial space. This system is believed to act as a macromolecular and bulk water transport system. In the subepithelial space, collagen, reticular and elastic fibrils are found having a close relationship to the basement membrane. The elastic fibres are presumed to play a role in the pressure-regulating mechanism in the endolymphatic sac. PMID- 3245798 TI - Mucosal injuries following intratympanic applications of chlorhexidine gluconate in the cat. AB - We investigated the morphological changes of the middle ear mucosa of the cat exposed to two different concentrations of the disinfectant, chlorhexidine gluconate. In the high concentration (2%) group, notable destructive changes were found on the mucosal surfaces in the tympanic cavity and were especially most severe in that area lined with few ciliated cells under normal conditions. Cilia were twisted and decreased in length in this site. At the tympanic orifice of the eustachian tube, cilia were distributed densely and showed little destructive changes on the surface. In the clinical concentration (0.05%) group, mucosal injuries generally seemed more slight when compared with those in the high concentration group. However, a decrease in the number of cilia or actual loss of cilia was one of the features in this group. Infrequent defects of the superstructures of the epithelial cells were noted on the mucosal surface, but these injuries appeared to spare the basal lamina. In both groups, there were no calcified pathologies seen and no complete obliterations by thickened mucosa or granulations. Deterioration of the ciliary system by chlorhexidine gluconate seems to produce subsequent cell destruction of the middle ear mucosa. PMID- 3245799 TI - Ultrastructural localization of Ca2+-binding sites in the spiral limbus, the stria vascularis and Reissner's membrane of the guinea pig. AB - Cations were precipitated with potassium antimonate in the cochlea of the guinea pig and electron microscopy was used to analyze the distribution of the formed reaction products. Differences in precipitate density between neighboring cells in Reissner's membrane, in the stria vascularis and in the limbus are described. Electron spectroscopic imaging was performed to obtain information about the spatial distribution of the precipitates and their elemental composition. PMID- 3245800 TI - Immune status in patients with Meniere's disease. AB - Sera of 164 patients with classical Meniere's disease were screened for autoantibodies, immune complexes and HLA status. Increased thyroid microsomal antibodies were significant in those patients in the 40- to 60-year age range. Raised IgM complexes and C1q component of complement were significant in all age groups. Low levels of IgA complexes were a consistent finding and were significantly lower in the HLA Cw7 group. Patients with migraine had no increased incidence of immune disturbances. PMID- 3245801 TI - Transtympanic administration of aminoglycosides in patients with Meniere's disease. AB - Transtympanic administration of gentamicin was used to treat patients with unilateral Meniere's disease and was stopped at the first signs of damage to cochlear and/or vestibular function. Twenty-eight patients were treated between 1974 and 1981 and 34 patients were managed between 1981 and 1987. In the two groups of patients, objective vertigo disappeared in 85%, hearing improved in 26%, aural fullness disappeared in 78%, while tinnitus ceased altogether in 51% and became less intense in 24%. Our findings show that this kind of treatment can be used after unsuccessful medical therapy and prior to any labyrinthine or endolymphatic sac surgery. PMID- 3245803 TI - An anionic charge barrier in the guinea pig cochlea. AB - A charge barrier has been found in the glomerular basement membrane of the kidney and plays an important role in the filtration of solutes. In the present study, we used electron microscopy to localize anionic sites of a similar charge barrier in the guinea pig cochlea. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used as a cationic marker to detect anionic sites. Our results showed a localization of PEI with regular interspaces, indicating the anionic sites to the charge in the capillary basement membrane of the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament, and in the basal lamina of Reissner's membrane and the spiral prominence. This charge barrier, as well as structural size barrier, may play an important role in the maintenance of normal inner ear functions. PMID- 3245802 TI - Clinical experiences with recurrences of Bell's palsy. AB - In a retrospective study of 2568 patients with peripheral facial palsies seen during a 10-year period, 106 (8.2%) of 1293 patients (50.4%) with Bell's palsy suffered a recurrence. A recurrence at the same side of the face was called a "recurrent" one, but was considered to be an "alternating" one at the other side. Ninety-eight patients (52 men, 46 women) were studied for this report. Of these patients, 70% suffered from a second attack of Bell's palsy within 10 years of the first attack. Fourteen patients had more than one recurrence. Of some note, 33 of the 98 patients had their second palsy in the last months of the year. Recovery of facial function after a recurrent palsy was worse in 39.6% and was 32.1% after an alternating palsy. The recovery after multiple palsies appears to be worse than after a single palsy. PMID- 3245804 TI - Concomitant changes in the acoustic impedance and the cochlear microphonic potentials during twitch contractions of the middle ear muscles in cats. AB - The effect of twitch contractions of the middle ear muscles in cats on sound transmission through the middle ear (as measured by the cochlear microphonic potential of the inner ear) was compared with the simultaneous changes in the acoustic input impedance of the middle ear at the same frequency. It was found that decreases in impedance were related to an increase in the amplitude of the cochlear microphonics and vice versa. This may imply that decreases in impedance measured during the initial phase of the acoustic reflex in man are true decreases and are not due to transient decoupling of the ossicular chain at any point. PMID- 3245805 TI - Examination and classification of human olfactory mucosa in patients with clinical olfactory disturbances. AB - To determine objectively the degree of olfactory disturbance, we biopsied the olfactory mucosa from patients who complained of anosmia. The olfactory disturbances in this study were caused by choanal atresia, chronic sinusitis, viral inflammation, and head trauma, as well as by congenital and idiopathic anosmia. The biopsy specimens were examined by light microscopy and the degree of mucosal degeneration present was classified according to five grades. The clinical courses of the patients studied paralleled the changes found in the olfactory mucosa. PMID- 3245806 TI - The influence of middle ear pressure on the otolith system in cats. AB - The influence of varying middle ear pressure on the otolith system was investigated in anesthetized cats. Extra-axonal recordings of action potentials were performed in the vestibular nerve fibers and in the neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus that responded to lateral or anteroposterior steady-state tilt. Positive or negative pressure was applied to the ipsilateral middle ear during the recordings. Seventy-three percent of the fibers and 63% of the neurons responded to changes in the middle ear pressure. These response rates were higher than those previously reported on the units innervating semicircular canals. Findings suggest that the otolith organs are more sensitive to changes in the middle ear pressure than are the semicircular canals. The units responding to lateral tilt were more sensitive to middle ear pressure than those that responded to anteroposterior tilt. Displacement of endolymph caused by pressure changes in the middle ear was considered to have affected the activities of hair cells in otolith organs. PMID- 3245807 TI - Tissue responses in the rat to trichloracetic acid--an agent used in the treatment of invasive cervical resorption. PMID- 3245808 TI - A technique for closing persistent open proximal contacts. PMID- 3245809 TI - A different design of palatal lift appliance: review and case reports. PMID- 3245810 TI - Interactions between plaque bacteria: final report on project. PMID- 3245811 TI - Twenty years of antibiotic sensitivity testing of dental infections. Part 2. A review, 1966-1986. PMID- 3245812 TI - Faculty amalgamations--are there advantages? PMID- 3245813 TI - Fluoride supplements. PMID- 3245814 TI - Anomaly of the round window a histopathological study using a graphic reconstruction method. AB - Although literature to date has reported that anomalies of the round window occur infrequently, no study to our knowledge has investigated such anomalies quantitatively. Thus, we developed a graphic reconstruction method and used it to study histology sections of the temporal bones. By this method we studied quantitatively the morphology of the round window of individuals with Mondini dysplasia of the inner ear and compared it to that of individuals with no anomaly. Iit was found that in 3 of 19 individuals with dysplasia, the total area of the round window was more than two standard deviations below the mean, thus small enough to be called anomalous. Moreover, the area of the round window was statistically significantly smaller in the ears from individuals with Mondini dysplasia, as a group, than in normal ears. This round window anomaly seems to be due to interruption of the normal development of the round window early in fetal life, as the result of poor development of the cartilage bar between the tympanic cavity and the subarachnoid space and also of the otic capsule in the hook portion of the basal turn of the cochlea. PMID- 3245815 TI - A case of carcinoid tumor of the middle ear producing peptide hormones. AB - We report 6th case of carcinoid tumor of the middle ear in a 16-year-old man. The clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features are discussed. The tumor in the attic and the tympanic cavity was successfully excised by radical mastoidectomy. Microscopically, the argyrophilic property and neurosecretory granules which are characteristic of carcinoid tumor were found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Furthermore, peptide hormones were confirmed immunohistochemically in this case. This tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis when biologically lowgrade tumor with glandular and trabecular architectures are encountered in the middle ear. PMID- 3245816 TI - Clinico-statistical study on acoustic tumors with sudden hearing loss. AB - Acoustic tumors associated with sudden hearing loss were studied clinico statistically to clarify the differential diagnosis between so-called sudden deafness and acoustic tumor of this type. A significant difference was found in the frequency of such abnormalities as gaze nystagmus, canal paresis in the caloric (nystagmus) test, inhibition of optokinetic nystagmus, dilatation of the internal auditory canal, and cranial nerve signs. However, there was no significant difference in such symptoms as preceding upper respiratory tract infection and rotatory vertigo at the onset of sudden deafness. In this study, most of the patients with sudden deafness had tumors of 2 cm or larger in diameter. Apart from the atypical feature of sudden onset, the acoustic tumors of this type have several characteristics. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of two diseases is not difficult if the possibility of acoustic tumor is taken into consideration and the above tests are performed for equivocal cases. The CT scan provides the most useful information for making a definite diagnosis of acoustic tumors in cases of this type. PMID- 3245817 TI - Usefulness of word table for the quantitative evaluation of the recognition threshold in children's olfactometry. AB - In the quantitative evaluation of the recognition threshold in smell test, the influences of subjects' age, intelligence, and experience are unavoidable in expressing the nature of smell, especially in children. In order to avoid such individual differences, a word table has been designed in our clinic. In this study, we employed a word table for children's quantitative evaluation of the recognition threshold, and found that T & T olfactometry performed with use of a word table showed a greater reliability compared to the test without use of a word table. The use of a word table for children's olfactometry is also considered to be an easily administered procedure. PMID- 3245818 TI - An architecture of capillary vessels of the palatine tonsils studied by scanning electron microscope--with special references to comparison with the tonsillar cryptscopic images. AB - The three-dimensional structure of capillary vessels in the human palatine tonsil using corrosion casting techniques was investigated and compared to recently developed cryptscopic images. The postcapillary venules and arterioles were distinguishable from the nuclear impressions on their walls. The configuration of vessels around the micropores of crypts is similar to the images from the cryptscope. PMID- 3245819 TI - Towards the eradication of hepatitis B in Australia. PMID- 3245820 TI - What is the arterial pressure? PMID- 3245821 TI - The P300 event related potential component in the diagnosis of dementia. AB - Several studies have suggested that delays in the latency of the P300 ERP component are highly sensitive and specific to dementia and that ERP measurements may become a useful clinical tool in aiding diagnosis. This study examines the sensitivity of P300 measurements to dementia and addresses several methodological issues that limit previous research. Twenty-four patients with dementia diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria were compared with 100 normal controls, 31 of whom were older than 60. An auditory oddball paradigm was employed to elicit the P300. Mean P300 latency did not differ significantly between the two groups. When individual subjects were examined only 13% of patients with dementia fell outside the two standard error band of the regression of P300 latency on age derived from controls. Thus, this study has not demonstrated clinically useful abnormalities of the P300 component in dementia. PMID- 3245822 TI - Neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Forty-six episodes of major neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus occurring in 35 patients over a ten-year period were reviewed. The frequency of central nervous system SLF was lower than that reported from overseas referral centres. Glucocorticosteroid treatment did not precipitate psychiatric problems in this group. Whilst neuropsychiatric recovery was the rule, such features indicated a subgroup of SLE with high short-term mortality. PMID- 3245823 TI - The role of permanent pacing after anterior myocardial infarction complicated by transient complete atrioventricular block. AB - A randomised study was performed to assess the influence of prophylactic permanent pacing on the incidence of late sudden death in patients surviving transient complete atrioventricular block with acute anterior myocardial infarction. Fourteen patients were studied, of whom ten died within two years, confirming the high overall late mortality in this group. The deaths included eight of the nine paced patients, of whom seven died suddenly. We conclude that prophylactic permanent pacing is not warranted in patients surviving transient complete atrioventricular block with acute anterior myocardial infarction. PMID- 3245824 TI - Cardiac arrest--a manifestation of 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity. AB - We report a case of cardiac arrest occurring during an infusion of 5-fluorouracil where electrocardiograms suggested coronary artery spasm as the underlying event. Treatment with vasodilators and diltiazem, proved effective. This clinical presentation of 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity has not previously been described. PMID- 3245825 TI - Pancytopenia induced by low-dose methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Four cases of pancytopenia related to low-dose weekly pulse methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis are described. All patients were aged above 60 years and had renal impairment. In every case marrow recovery followed withdrawal of methotrexate. However, one patient developed pneumonitis and died. Cholangitis, respiratory infection and increase in methotrexate dose were precipitating factors. Pharmacokinetic data indicated prolonged tissue drug exposure in two cases studied; dose-related toxicity was further supported by successful resumption of methotrexate in reduced dosage in two cases. It is possible that methotrexate dose should be modified during intercurrent illness in patients older than 60 years who have renal impairment. PMID- 3245826 TI - Hepatitis B vaccination and Sydney dental practitioners. PMID- 3245827 TI - Short course chemotherapy for meningococcal meningitis. PMID- 3245828 TI - Treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy with intermittent single infusions of 3 amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1, 1-biphosphonate (APD) PMID- 3245829 TI - Breast feeding patterns of working women in the Dhaka metropolitan area. PMID- 3245830 TI - The biology of Toxorhynchites splendens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Culicidae) and its potentiality as a biological control agent to other mosquitoes. PMID- 3245831 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of double contrast barium meal in the diseases of stomach and duodenum using locally prepared negative contrast agent. PMID- 3245832 TI - Determination of some commonly biochemical parameters in different trimesters of pregnancy. PMID- 3245833 TI - Impact of primary health care at Sreenagar. PMID- 3245834 TI - A report on the followup of treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioiodine. PMID- 3245835 TI - Aging influence on delta-6-desaturase activity and fatty acid composition of rat liver microsomes. AB - The activity of delta-6-desaturase (D6D) in liver microsomes and fatty acid composition of microsomal lipids of rats of different ages were studied. The D6D activity was similar in suckling rats and in weaning rats. However, the enzyme showed a significantly decreased activity in oldest animals, and a linear correlation was found between the D6D activity and the animal age. The fatty acid composition data on total lipids of liver microsomes were consistent with the age dependent changes in fatty acid desaturase activity. The major changes occurred in the linoleate and arachidonate fractions; the 20:4/18:2 ratio in liver microsomes decreased together with D6D activity during aging. The loss of D6D activity may be a key factor in aging through altering lipid membrane composition. PMID- 3245836 TI - Purification of 6-phosphogluconolactonase from bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)liver. AB - The enzyme 6-phosphogluconolactonase (EC 3.1.1.31) is present at high levels in bass liver. The enzyme has been purified 1253-fold with an overall yield of 78% in a procedure involving dye-ligand and gel filtration chromatographies. The purified enzyme which is homogenous by all the usual criteria has a molecular weight of about 30,000. It exhibits a considerably high catalytic efficiency with Kcat/Km of 8.5 x 10(7) M-1.s-1 at 22 degrees C. Its activity illustrates the importance of glucose oxidation via the pentose phosphate pathway relative to glycolysis in this organism. PMID- 3245837 TI - Age-dependent changes in the level of a 22 KDa plasma membrane phosphoprotein in developing chick embryo brain. AB - In vitro phosphorylation of brain proteins of developing chick embryos showed a drastic increase in the extent of phosphorylation of a 22 KDa protein from the fourteenth day reaching a peak at seventeenth day of development; the phosphorylation of the 22 KDa protein declined afterwards. Phosphoaminoacid analysis of the 22 KDa protein indicated serine residues as targets of phosphorylation. Isoelectric focusing followed by second dimensional SDS-PAGE indicated that the 22 KDa protein had a pI value of 4.5. Polymyxin B, an inhibitor of Ca2+ and phospholipid dependent protein kinases inhibited the phosphorylation of the 22 KDa protein. PMID- 3245838 TI - A novel hemolysin from the lichen Parmelia pulla. AB - A hitherto unknown hemolysin from the lichen Parmelia pulla was discovered and a method was developed for its purification to apparent homogeneity. Saline phosphate buffer pH 7.2 extracted the bulk of the hemolysin from the lichen thalli. From this extract the hemolysin was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration with Sepharose 6-B column. The overall recovery was about 75% and the purified hemolysin appeared to be electrophoretically homogenous and had a native molecular weight of 32,600. The purified hemolysin had a pH optimum around 5.5, stable at room temperature and gradually loses its activity upon freezing and thawing. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified hemolysin in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed the presence of two types of subunits with apparent molecular weight of 18,000 and 14,000 respectively, indicating a dimeric (alpha beta) type of structure. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated the presence of this hemolysin in crude extract prepared from P tinictina but not in crude extract from P tiliacea and P acetabulum. The purified hemolysin lyses rabbit erythrocytes and the rate of hemolysis was linear dependence on protein concentration. Erythrocytes obtained from various species including human were also lysed by the purified hemolysin in a concentration dependent manner. PMID- 3245839 TI - Polyamines in murine splenic lymphocytes. AB - Diacetyldiamines cause compromised B-lymphocyte function, as evidenced by our previous demonstration of inhibition of mitogen activation and decreased secretion of immunoglobulin in murine spleen cultures. In this study, we report that putrescine and spermidine are differentially metabolized by the cell. Diacetyldiamine, which is also taken up by these cells and metabolized, causes a striking decrease in cell uptake of exogenous putrescine and spermidine. We also report for the first time that several distinct macromolecules containing radioactive polyamines may be resolved, and that hypusine is present in more than one species of macromolecule. PMID- 3245840 TI - Analysis of the microheterogeneity of the glycan chain of rat transferrin. AB - To investigate the microheterogeneity of the glycan chain of rat transferrin, either the protein moiety was labeled with 125I or the sialyl residues with 3H. The molecule was then subjected to Con A chromatography. Three components were obtained. Each was enzymatically desialylated and sialyl/protein molar ratios were calculated. The native protein as well as the 3 components were also subjected to isoelectric focusing. The results indicated that rat transferrin may have 3 types of glycan chain: The major type (60%) corresponds to a molecular species with triantennary branching, while 30% consists of molecules with biantennary and 10% with tetraantennary branching. The last species has not been previously described. PMID- 3245841 TI - Ecdysteroid mediated fat body acid phosphatase activity during larval development of rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera). AB - 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) stimulates acid phosphatase activity in the fat body of ligated late-last instar larvae. This effect is time dependent and the specific activity of enzyme increases significantly in hormone treated insects. 20-HE also stimulates general protein synthesis. Cycloheximide treatment either in conjunction with 20-HE or after hormone treatment blocks the increase in enzyme activity as well as increase in protein content. However, actinomycin D treatment does not alter the enzyme activity while it blocks the increase in total RNA as well as increase in protein content. PMID- 3245842 TI - Juvenile hormone inhibits the synthesis of major larval haemolymph proteins in rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica. AB - Larval haemolymph proteins (LHP), LHP49 and LHP46 are produced in the penultimate and last larval instars. Starvation during the early and mid stage of last instar development prevents the production of both LHPs. Decapitation in early and mid last instar stimulates LHP synthesis and their concentration in haemolymph increases, while ligation in last instar larvae blocks the production of LHPs. Application of exogenous JH lowers the synthesis of LHP49 and LHP46 in Corcyra. These observations suggests that LHP49 and LHP46 synthesis is activated during the periods when JH titres are either low or undetectable. PMID- 3245843 TI - Effects of gossypol acetic acid on the absorptive and digestive functions of rat intestine. AB - Oral administration of Gossypol acetic acid (10 mg/kg body wt./day, daily for 15 days), an experimental antifertility agent to male rats, caused significant reduction in the uptake of glucose, alanine, leucine and calcium in the small intestinal segments. Gossypol also caused significant decrease in the intestinal brush border membrane--associated enzymes, sucrase, lactase, maltase and alkaline phosphatase. Kinetic analysis indicated that Gossypol decreased the apparent velocity of the disaccharidases while the Km was not altered. It also caused a shift in the transition temperature in these enzymes and predictably changed the energy of activation both below and above the transition temperature, although the Arrhenius expressions of the temperature dependence still showed proximity and were parallel to the control group. PMID- 3245844 TI - Studies of rabbit serum transferrin. AB - Rabbit serum transferrin is isolated by a procedure designed to preserve its conformation and disulfide linkages. A progress report is presented on the determination of its amino acid sequence, as part of studies on its primary, secondary and tertiary structure. The sequence of 378 residues, of the approximately 680 residues in the molecule, are determined. Observations are made on the site of carbohydrate attachment, iron binding sites and half-cystine residue location. The results are discussed in relation to the X-ray crystallographic studies of human lactoferrin (lactotransferrin) and of rabbit serum transferrin being made in other laboratories. PMID- 3245845 TI - Molecular weight of tumor necrosis factor determined by gel permeation chromatography alone or in combination with low-angle laser light scattering. AB - The molecular weight of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor was determined at neutral pH by gel permeation chromatography alone or in combination with low angle laser light scattering. Mean values of 39,200 +/- 800 and 48,800 +/- 900, respectively, were obtained by the two analyses. The results resolve the apparent discrepancy in the reported values of the molecular weight of this cytokine, confirming that it exists as a trimer in neutral solution with a molecular weight of about 50,000. PMID- 3245846 TI - Reverse micelles as a versatile medium for the study of lactate dehydrogenase in vitro. AB - Rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase has been solubilized in cationic reverse micelles of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and isooctane-chloroform (1:1, V/V). The activity of the enzyme was notably affected by the change in water pool, pH, and concentration of the surfactant. Lactate dehydrogenase showed its full activity in this reverse micellar system in non-aqueous solvent under specific conditions at a Wo value of 30.55, pH 7.0, and 100 mM CTAB in comparison to the activity measured in aqueous system under optimum conditions. These results indicate that even the large and complex enzymes (M.W. hundred thousand and four subunits) can be solubilized in apolar solvents where they may retain their conformational integrity and oligomericity, i.e., optimum subunit-subunit interaction with maintenance of full activity. PMID- 3245847 TI - Filterability of human erythrocytes--drug induced prevention of aging in vitro. AB - Using a computer assisted filtration system, 6 drugs (bencyclane, moxaverine, naftidrofuryl, pentoxyfylline, vincamine, vinpocetine) were tested (versus placebo) to improve filterability of in vitro aged red blood cells (RBC). Up to a concentration of 1 x 10(-7) mol/l all drugs significantly inhibit in vitro aging, indicating an improved of action is still present in RBC incubated with 10 x 10( 8) mol/l naftidrofuryl and pentoxifylline but, comparison in between the compounds reveals no significant difference of action. The data presented confirm the results on the beneficial action of these drugs presented by others. However, direct comparison shows only minor differences in drug potency. PMID- 3245848 TI - Internally standardized method for the determination of nalbuphine in human plasma by means of high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical coulometric detection. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic method with internal analogue standardization and electrochemical detection for the determination of nalbuphine in human plasma is described. Using 3 ml plasma the lower limit of detection is below 50 pg/ml, during the routine assay the limit of determination can be fixed at about 250-300 pg/ml. The calibration curve is linear in the range between 0.163-65 ng/l, the recovery rate from plasma exceeds 80%. The method was successfully applied in several pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 3245849 TI - Rapid detection assays for multidrug resistance. AB - In attempts to develop simple and rapid assays for detection of multidrug resistance (MDR) doxorubicin-resistant S180 (S180DOX), colchicine-resistant CHO (CHOCOL) and cytarabine (cytosine-arabinoside)-resistant L1210 cell lines (L1210AraC) were investigated. S180DOX and CHOCOL cells express the MDR-phenotype while L1210AraC does not. Using a previously described short-term assay firstly, inhibition of incorporation of radioactive nucleic acid precursors into tumour cells after addition of doxorubicin was measured. Secondly, the accumulation of the fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (R123) in the different cell lines were analyzed. It could be observed that the resistant S180DOX and CHOCOL cells needed significantly more time to accumulate R123 than their sensitive parental cell lines or L1210AraC cells. Therefore, both assays are adequate tools for the rapid detection of MDR. PMID- 3245850 TI - Use of sorption promoters to increase systemic absorption of coumarin from transdermal drug delivery systems. AB - In previous communications it was shown that coumarin is transdermally well absorbed. Increasing the application area for a coumarin ointment from 5 cm2 to 30 cm2, the absolute bioavailability increases from 8.6% to 66%. Using a transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) based on an elastomer matrix, the absolute bioavailability was 21.9%. By selecting a proper sorption promoter (Labrafil), the absolute bioavailability increased to 71%. No correlation was found between tlag, flux or amount permeated obtained from ex vivo flux measurements, and the in vivo parameters Cmax and AUC. Whereas the bioavailability of a large area application of coumarin ointment is practically the same as with a small TDDS, the latter one is preferred to maintain a therapeutic concentration over a 24 h or 48 h period. PMID- 3245851 TI - Coronary vascular activity of the novel inotropic pro-drug ibopamine and the de esterified active form epinine. AB - The effects of the novel inotropic pro-drug, ibopamine, and the de-esterified active form, epinine (N-methyldopamine), were investigated in isolated canine circumflex coronary arteries in vitro. Both ibopamine and epinine produced concentration-dependent contractions of isolated canine coronary arteries, with epinine being approximately 7-fold more potent than ibopamine. The coronary vasoconstrictor response produced by ibopamine was inhibited completely by the irreversible alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, whereas the response produced by epinine was transformed into relaxation which was inhibited by the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol. The results indicate that ibopamine has the capacity to produce coronary arterial vasoconstriction, but that this activity may be partially offset by the beta-adrenoceptor-mediated activity of the active form, epinine. PMID- 3245852 TI - Experimental studies on the endocrine side effects of new aldosterone antagonists. AB - In the present study, endocrine-pharmacological profiles of new aldosterone antagonists, 15 beta,16 beta-methylenemexrenone (ZK 91587), delta 1-15 beta,16 beta-methylene-spironolactone (mespirenone, ZK 94679) and 7 alpha-thiomethyl analogue of mespirenone (ZK 97894) were characterized in comparing them with those of spironolactone. The results obtained indicate that all three compounds are distinctly less antiandrogenic than spironolactone in inhibiting the testosterone-induced organ growth of seminal vesicles and prostates in orchidectomized rats. The weak antiandrogenic activity of ZK 91587 and mespirenone is also manifested in the intrauterine feminizing effect on rat male foetuses. The in vitro study demonstrates that spironolactone and mespirenone inhibit the human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone biosynthesis by rat testis cells, but that ZK 91587 and ZK 97894 have no appreciable effect on it. By contrast, the luteinizing hormone (LH)-dependent testosterone biosynthesis by mouse Leydig's cells is suppressed by ZK 97894, but not by spironolactone, mespirenone or ZK 91587. Mespirenone and spironolactone, given subcutaneously, show the same progestogenic potency in estrogen-primed ovariectomized rabbits. ZK 91587 and ZK 97894 are, however, less progestogenic than spironolactone, when administered subcutaneously. On oral administration, mespirenone and ZK 97894 show 2 to 3 times the progestogenic potency of spironolactone. Mesporenone causes a decrease in the serum testosterone and LH levels in cynomolgus monkeys and is about 2 times as potent as spironolactone. These results suggest that mespirenone seems to be a suitable candidate for development as a clinically useful aldosterone antagonist. PMID- 3245853 TI - Inhibition of uterine contractions by rolipram in vitro. AB - The human myometrium contains two different forms of phosphodiesterase (PDE). One form is characterized by its lack of substrate specificity and its calcium calmodulin dependence. The other one is selective for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Rolipram (4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-2 pyrrolidinone, ZK 62711) is a specific cAMP-PDE inhibitor. The physiological significance of the two forms of PDE is still unknown, particularly the role of the cAMP-specific form in the control of uterine motility. The latter form largely occurs in myometrium of pregnant women near term and is also present during the third trimester of pregnancy. Using isolated guinea-pig uteri it has been shown that rolipram in the concentration of 9 x 10(-4) mol/l caused the organ to remain insensitive to the stimulatory action of oxytocin. 9 x 10(-6) mol/l rolipram led to immediate relaxation of the uterus when it was added to the organ bath after the maximum concentration was reached following oxytocin stimulation. A new drug like rolipram effecting uterine motility in a not receptor-mediated manner might have advantages in comparison to beta-mimetics for the treatment of premature labor. PMID- 3245854 TI - Tiropramide and metabolites in blood and plasma after intravenous or peroral administration of 14C-tiropramide to the rat. AB - The study was performed with 14C-tiropramide hydrochloride (O-(2-diethylamino ethyl)-N-benzoyl-[DL-U-14C-tyrosyl]-dipropyl-amide hydrochloride) with a specific activity of 466.16 muCi/mmol. The substance was administered in single i.v. doses of 4 mg/kg to 18 male and 18 female rats or p.o. doses of 10 mg/kg to 16 male and 16 female rats. The radioactivity in blood and plasma was measured by scintillometry. The radioactive substances were extracted, separated by TLC and identified by comparison of their Rf values with those of putative metabolites with known chemical structure. After i.v. administration the parent substance tiropramide and 5 metabolites were identified in plasma. Tiropramide was the most abundant substance with an AUC equal to 51% of the AUC of total radioactivity. After p.o. administration the parent tiropramide and 5 metabolites were identified. Tiropramide was the most abundant substance till the 1st h. Then the metabolite CR 1098 ((+-)a-benzoylamino-4-(2-ethylamino-ethoxy)-N, N-dipropyl benzenepropanamide) prevailed. The Cmax of tiropramide was reached at 0.5 h with 1183 nmol/l. The AUC of tiropramide was 19% of the AUC of total radioactivity. It appears that after p.o. administration the biotransformation of tiropramide is more intense than after i.v. administration. The absolute bioavailability of total radioactivity calculated on the ratio between the p.o. and i.v. AUC was 0.67, that of tiropramide was 0.23. The difference between the absolute bioavailability of total radioactivity and that of tiropramide is probably due to a first-pass effect and a more intense biotransformation of the substance after p.o. administration. PMID- 3245855 TI - [Comparative clinical studies of myocardial blood flow in coronary heart disease with two nifedipine preparations]. AB - Clinical, ergometric and scintigraphic examinations were performed before and after oral administration of a commercially available nifedipine preparation used as a standard (reference preparation; dosage: 3 x 10 mg/d) in 21 patients with angiographically verified coronary artery disease. In an open comparison study the same parameters were investigated after a 4 week course of a different nifedipine preparation as a test preparation (Corotrend; dosage: 3 x 10 mg/d). The study was performed in order to determine whether there were quantitative differences in myocardial microperfusion when different galenical preparations of nifedipine were used. There were no statistically significant differences between the two nifedipine preparations in the test parameters recorded. Both substances were associated with highly significant increases in microperfusion as compared to findings in the washout phase. Clinical effects on incidence of chest pain and on reductions in blood pressure were comparable. Patients demonstrated slightly better exercise tolerance with the reference agent, and computerised impulse-rate analysis of the tomoscintigrams demonstrated somewhat better microperfusion with this drug, though the differences between the two agents did not attain statistical significance. As the result of this analysis the two drugs would appear to be equivalent in clinical potency. PMID- 3245856 TI - Plasma and urine pharmacokinetics of free and of short-chain carnitine after administration of carnitine in man. AB - To 6 healthy volunteers 30 mg/kg of L-carnitine (1,3-hydroxy-4-N-trimethylamino butyrate) were injected intravenously and plasma levels (mumol/l) of free and short-chain carnitine were determined at different times between 0.033 and 24 h. The urinary excretion of L-carnitine and short-chain carnitine in 24 h was also measured. After a period of wash-out the subjects received 100 mg/kg of L carnitine orally and plasma levels were determined between 0.5 and 24 h. The urinary excretion of L-carnitine was measured for a period of 18.5-33 h after treatment. 3 of the volunteers also received 30 mg/kg of L-carnitine orally. Carnitine plasma levels were determined at different times between 0.5 and 18 h, while the urinary excretion of L-carnitine was measured for 48 h following the treatment. The results could indicate the presence of saturation phenomena in the absorption process for the oral doses used; specific research is required to ascertain this phenomena. The transfer of carnitine from central to extravascular volume is relatively rapid, as is its urinary excretion. The short half-life of carnitine and acetyl-carnitine can suggest the use of new forms of administration (slow-release). PMID- 3245858 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone following oral administration]. AB - Plasma levels of triamcinolone were measured by RIA (radioimmunoassay) on 10 patients following oral application of 16 mg triamcinolone (Delphicort), the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The terminal half-life of 2.7 +/- 1.3 h and tmax of 1.9 +/- 0.5 h are in agreement with corresponding data of other glucocorticoids, whereas the normalized plasma concentration and the volume of distribution are different. The normalized volume of distribution for triamcinolone is twice the value of prednisolone or methylprednisolone, cmax is about 2/3 of the values of these two other glucocorticoids. PMID- 3245857 TI - Effects of a bezafibrate sustained release formulation on plasma lipoproteins in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Importance of timing of tablet intake for efficacy. AB - The therapeutic effect of a single sustained release tablet of bezafibrate (Cedur retard, 400 mg) in primary hypercholesterolemia type IIa and type IIb was investigated in a placebo-controlled randomised study comparing the efficacy of morning vs. evening intake. The decrease in total cholesterol with the morning intake was 18.5% vs. 16.5% for the evening intake (n.s.). HDL-cholesterol increased more in patients taking bezafibrate retard at morning (29.6% vs. 22.4%, p less than 0.05). Bezafibrate was well tolerated. Animal experiments and precursor studies of cholesterol synthesis in man indicate peak activity of HMG CoA reductase between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m. The data suggest that with normal eating habits during day time other modes of action of bezafibrate besides HMG-CoA reductase inhibition such as reduction of VLDL-synthesis in the liver and an increased fractional catabolic rate, could contribute to the therapeutic effect. PMID- 3245859 TI - Potency ranking of two new topical corticosteroid creams containing 0.1% desonide or 0.05% halometasone utilising the human skin blanching assay. AB - The human blanching assay was used to assess the potency of two new proprietary corticosteroid creams. The blanching abilities of 0.1% desonide cream and 0.05% halometasone cream were evaluated relative to the blanching elicited by 0.05% clobetasol 17-propionate cream, 0.1% betamethasone 17-valerate cream and 0.05% clobetasone 17-butyrate cream. The results of the trial indicated that the 0.1% desonide cream falls into the potent group of topical corticosteroid preparations and the 0.05% halometasone cream falls into the moderately potent group. PMID- 3245860 TI - Serum and urine kinetics of rosaprostol in volunteers. AB - The kinetics of rosaprostol (9-hydroxy-19,20-bis-norprostanoic acid, Rosal) and of its metabolite (3-(2-n-hexyl-5-hydroxy-cyclopentyl)propionic acid) has been determined in plasma and in urine of 10 healthy volunteers after oral administration of 500 mg of rosaprostol. The peak of rosaprostol (of 524 ng/ml) appears at 4 h, whereas that of the metabolite (of 503 ng/ml) appears earlier (2 h); therefore the relationship between the two substances does not follow the precursor-successor relationship in plasma and a compartmental model has been used to fit the data. In this model the biotransformation process occurs before entering the central compartment (first-pass effect). The mean half-life of rosaprostol is equal to about 5 h and that of the metabolite is equal to 3 h. All of rosaprostol is biotransformed and only the metabolite is partially eliminated by the urine. The urinary excretion of the metabolite represents only a small fraction of the administered dose. The urinary clearance of the metabolite is equal to 5.3 l/h. The volume of distribution of both substances is equal to 21.2 l. PMID- 3245861 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for branched chain acyltransferase with analysis of the deduced protein structure. AB - Nucleotide sequence was determined for a 1.6-kilobase human cDNA putative for the branched chain acyltransferase protein of the branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. Translation of the sequence reveals an open reading frame encoding a 315-amino acid protein of molecular weight 35,759 followed by 560 bases of 3'-untranslated sequence. Three repeats of the polyadenylation signal hexamer ATTAAA are present prior to the polyadenylate tail. Within the open reading frame is a 10-amino acid fragment which matches exactly the amino acid sequence around the lipoate-lysine residue in bovine kidney branched chain acyltransferase, thus confirming the identity of the cDNA. Analysis of the deduced protein structure for the human branched chain acyltransferase revealed an organization into domains similar to that reported for the acyltransferase proteins of the pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes. This similarity in organization suggests that a more detailed analysis of the proteins will be required to explain the individual substrate and multienzyme complex specificity shown by these acyltransferases. PMID- 3245862 TI - Experimental intracerebral haemorrhage: the effect of nimodipine pretreatment. AB - The effect of pretreatment with the calcium antagonist nimodipine on the pathophysiological events which follow an intracerebral haemorrhage in rats was compared with a similar control group. Cerebral blood flow was higher and the amount of pathologically determined ischaemic damage measured by light microscopy was less in the nimodipine pretreated group. Bloodbrain barrier permeability was increased in the nimodipine group, but there was no evidence of cerebral oedema. Nimodipine appeared to have no effect on the intracranial pressure. PMID- 3245863 TI - Annual summary of vital statistics--1987. AB - Data for this article, as in previous reports, are drawn principally from Monthly Vital Statistics Report, published in the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The international data come from the annual Demographic Yearbook and the quarterly Population and Vital Statistics Report, both published by the Statistical Office of the United Nations, which has also been kind enough to provide directly more recent data reported by various countries. US data for 1987 are estimates by place of occurrence, based upon a count of all certificates received in state offices between two dates, one month apart, regardless of when the event occurred. Mortality data by cause and age, however, come from the Current Mortality Sample, a systematic 10% of those certificates, and thus may not correspond to the actual month of death. For the US as a whole the estimates, with few exceptions, are close to the subsequent final figures. There are considerable variations in some states, however, particularly in comparing provisional figures by place of occurrence and final data by place of residence. State information should be interpreted cautiously. Careful attention should be paid to differing denominators when studying rates presented in this article. For overall rates, like the birth rate or death rate, the standard denominator is 1,000 total population. In instances in which more refined analysis is possible, other denominators are used, such as 100,000; the character of the population is specified. The particular denominator is indicated in the table or in the context. PMID- 3245864 TI - The Billings Ovulation Method. An update. PMID- 3245865 TI - Effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration on the transport of thiamine from plasma to different brain regions of the rat. AB - The effect of ethanol (4.7 g/kg body wt intragastrically as a single dose or once daily for 35 days) on the transport of thiamine from plasma to four brain regions (cerebellum, cerebral cortex, pons and medulla) was studied in albino rats. Animals were given an intravenous injection of labelled thiamine with a sampling procedure which allowed the determination of regional blood flow and tissue thiamine uptake. Regional blood flow was found to be enhanced after acute, but non chronic, ethanol administration. The magnitude of increase ranged from 13 to 35% depending on the brain region being considered. Thiamine was transferred from plasma to cerebral tissue by a saturable process with a non-saturable component prevailing at thiamine concentrations above 10-15 microM. Three main modifications in the thiamine transport were found as a result of ethanol treatment: a reduction in affinity for the carrier (Km increased), an increase in maximal transport rate (Jmax) and an increase in non-saturable diffusion (KD constant increased). The effects were more pronounced after acute ethanol administration. As a consequence of these modifications both acute and chronic ethanol treatment caused an increase in thiamine transport rate at high plasma concentrations. On the contrary, at low (physiological) plasma concentrations, thiamine transport was little increased by acute ethanol administration and virtually unaffected by chronic ethanol intoxication. PMID- 3245866 TI - Effect of short and long-term ethanol feeding on the extent of metabolic tolerance in female rats. AB - The effects of feeding an ethanol liquid diet for short (4-6 weeks) and long (48 50 weeks) periods on the extent of metabolic tolerance to the drug were studied in female rats. Appropriate pair-fed and solid-diet controls were also included. At the end of both periods of treatment, the rats (4 or 14-month-old), received an acute dose of ethanol (2 g/kg body wt) and pharmacokinetic parameters of ethanol elimination were studied using Widmark's lineal model. Although there were differences in the patterns of ethanol kinetics for solid and liquid diet controls, the rate of ethanol metabolism was clearly enhanced by both short and long-term ethanol intake. Moreover, longer alcohol intake produced higher metabolic tolerance (congruent to 37.5%) than a shorter ethanol feeding period (congruent to 21.5%). The effect of aging on ethanol clearance in the groups fed the solid-diet showed that the rate of ethanol metabolism decreased with increasing age. PMID- 3245867 TI - Alcohol and social influence: female yielding to male and female group pressure. AB - Thirty college women were randomly assigned to either an alcohol, a placebo, or a control group. The alcohol group drank 0.8 ml of 100% alcohol/kg body weight. Subjects estimated the length of lines and were exposed to a simulated group pressure. Yielding to the group pressure constituted the dependent variable. Both the alcohol and the placebo groups showed increased number of yieldings compared to the control group. Different theoretical explanations are discussed suggesting psychological mechanisms to be the most important. PMID- 3245868 TI - Alcoholic women in treatment: the question of stigma and age. AB - Both alcoholic women in treatment and a matched group of non-alcoholic women feel that social attitudes are more negative towards female intoxication and problem drinking than towards male intoxication and their drinking problems. Alcoholic women report significantly more negative attitudes, both social and personal, than do the non-alcoholic control women. The older group of alcoholic women are consistently harsher than the younger in their judgments, both of social attitudes and in expression of their own opinions. The less negative attitude of younger women alcoholics may reflect more liberal attitudes of younger persons but there is a curious juxtaposition in that younger alcoholic women report more family and social rejection than do older alcoholic women. There is dissonance in younger alcoholic women's report of less negative attitudes and more experienced rejection and stigmatization. Perhaps more rejecting social attitudes towards younger alcoholic women are related to their greater likelihood of public rather than private drinking. When the total sample (438 women, alcoholic and non alcoholic) is compared in terms of positive family history versus negative family history, those with positive histories are more likely to agree with disapproving statements about women's problem drinking. Significantly more women with positive histories believe that social attitudes are more disapproving of women alcoholics then men, and they believe, to a significantly greater extent than those without such histories, that the effects of maternal alcoholism are worse than those of paternal alcoholism. PMID- 3245869 TI - Alcohol control policy in Israel 1986-1987: recognizing the need for diverse primary prevention initiatives. AB - The purpose of this paper is to describe the recent integration of two different preventive models (the 'Distribution of Consumption Model' and the 'Social Science Model'), planned to support each other, in order to reduce per capita alcohol consumption and curb the rise in alcohol-related problems in Israel, to shed light on the Israeli laws regulating alcohol use and on the extent of their enforcement, to illustrate the causes for their enforcement and to discern some indications for future directions. Although the focus on attitudes and practices which lead to excessive drinking, and the efforts to change them through education remain the very core of the entire Israeli preventive program, alcohol itself has been considered to be a source of difficulties. The beginning of law enforcement concerning its availability among youngsters and drivers has emerged, both as a result of several fatal events and intense pressures of the Israeli Alcoholism Prevention and Treatment Services. The present tasks are to reinforce the emerging trends of enforcement concerning the existing laws, to adopt some new regulations pertaining to alcohol advertising targeted at adolescents, and to continue with the educational messages based on Jewish-Israeli norms. PMID- 3245870 TI - Severe adolescent head injury: implications for transition into adult life. AB - This report describes the outcomes of 28 children who had severe head injuries between 13-18 years of age. All were unconscious at least 24 hours and have been followed at least 2 years after injury. At present, their ages range from 18 to 27 years. Their educational achievements, social activities, marital status, functional independence, and employment at follow-up are described. PMID- 3245871 TI - Maturation of somatosensory evoked potentials upon posterior tibial nerve stimulation. AB - Somatosensory evoked potentials produced in response to posterior tibial nerve stimulation were studied in 42 normal infants and children, ages 4 months to 16 years. The maturation of afferent conduction from the lower limb was evaluated for the peripheral nerve, spinal cord, and central nervous system. Although the maturation of conduction in the peripheral nerve (from the ankle to the popliteal fossa and from the popliteal fossa to L3) was complete by 6 years of age, afferent conduction in the spinal cord (from L3 to C7) was not complete until 12 years of age or older. Spinal evoked potentials investigated in the thoracolumbar area revealed a phase-reversed potential located between the lower thoracic spine and upper lumbar spine in over 80% of patients. Reciprocal velocities for the major cortical positive potential P1 (corresponding to P37 in adults) and its onset, N1, steadily decreased with age and leveled off at greater than 12 years of age and by 12 years of age, respectively. The propagation velocity from L3 to the cerebral cortex also increased steadily with age, leveling off at greater than 12 years of age. Accordingly, the maturation of afferent conduction in the central nervous system was not complete until after 12 years of age. PMID- 3245872 TI - EEG abnormalities aid diagnosis of Rett syndrome. AB - Nine girls with Rett syndrome had 22 electroencephalographic studies performed over 5 years. Nineteen walking tracings demonstrated moderate background slowing. Focal epileptiform activity was observed in 13 studies, 10 of which had bilateral independent foci. Spikes were invariably maximal in central regions, diphasic or triphasic, and of very short duration. In 3 patients, epileptiform activity preceded clinical seizures by up to 2 years. Two children had spontaneous hyperpnea preceding apnea during wakefulness with further background slowing. Video monitoring of 2 children revealed that episodic behavioral changes were not seizures. Ten of 12 sleep recordings had abnormal background activity with absent or rudimentary spindles. Normal activity occurred only in girls younger than 2 1/2 years of age. Epileptiform activity was markedly increased during sleep in 8 tracings in which both wakefulness and sleep were obtained. It was characterized by bilaterally independent and bisynchronous spike-and-wave activity, maximal in parasagittal areas. One patient had bursts of high-voltage slow-wave activity followed by attenuation. No apneic episodes were recorded during sleep. In Rett syndrome, electroencephalographic abnormalities include background slowing, centrally located short-duration spikes, and increased epileptiform activity during sleep. This activity commonly preceded clinical seizures in patients studied at initial presentation. PMID- 3245873 TI - Ipsilateral and contralateral recordings of auditory brainstem responses to monaural stimulation. AB - The developmental changes of the ipsilateral and contralateral auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were studied in 105 normal infants and children. In both ipsilateral and contralateral recordings, the peak and interpeak latencies shortened with increasing age, while the amplitudes of wave V had a tendency to become higher. Contralateral ABR amplitudes were always smaller than those of ipsilateral ABRs. In the contralateral recording, wave I was absent and the contralateral wave II and wave III complex began to separate after birth (25%); separation percentage reached 80-100% at 7 months of age. Our results suggest that the contralateral recording of ABRs is a useful measure of developmental changes in infant auditory pathways. PMID- 3245874 TI - Lorazepam versus diazepam for the treatment of status epilepticus. AB - A retrospective study was performed to compare intravenous lorazepam and intravenous diazepam in the treatment of status epilepticus. Forty-five episodes of status epilepticus in children between the ages of 2 weeks and 18 years were reviewed. Lorazepam and diazepam proved similar in efficacy of seizure control and incidence of adverse effects. The dose of lorazepam required to control status epilepticus ranged from 0.03 to 0.22 mg/kg with a mean of 0.11 mg/kg (S.D. = 0.05 mg/kg). Among children treated with lorazepam, only children younger than 2 years of age had respiratory depression which required intubation. PMID- 3245876 TI - Congenital myopathy with cleft palate and increased susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia: King syndrome? AB - Six children of similar ethnic origin with congenital myopathy, cleft palate, malignant hyperthermia (or susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia), and skeletal anomalies are presented. The findings are remarkably consistent among our patients, 3 of whom were related. This syndrome is likely to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Children with this disorder are likely to undergo surgery with general anesthesia for facial or skeletal deformities and should be recognized as predisposed to developing malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 3245875 TI - Massive focal brain swelling as a feature of MELAS. AB - Two patients are reported with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes in whom CT documented massive focal brain swelling with midline shift concurrent with exacerbations of their conditions. Brain swelling producing mass effect should be recognized as a feature of MELAS. PMID- 3245877 TI - Low-dose trihexyphenidyl in the treatment of dystonia. PMID- 3245878 TI - Dark and photohemolysis of erythrocytes by furocoumarins. AB - It has been shown that various furocoumarins are able to cause dark hemolysis in red blood cells (RBC). However, this effect is evident only at relatively high furocoumarin concentrations (4.6 x 10(-4) M) - much higher than those used in photosensitization experiments or photochemotherapeutic treatments. Among the various furocoumarins examined in this study, only psoralen (Ps) and 3 carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs) showed strong photohemolytic effects, while the other compounds revealed little or no activity. This fact indicates that Ps and 3-CPs are able to induce selective damage to the cell membrane of RBC. By pre irradiating furocoumarin in ethanol or isotonic saline solutions and adding the irradiated solutions to a RBC suspension, hemolysis was observed in various compounds. The products of photolysis which form during pre-irradiation may be responsible, in terms of hemolysis, for toxic effects on RBC. PMID- 3245879 TI - [Heme activated oxidations using the chlorite-oxygen complex "TCDO" (Oxoferin)- an overview]. AB - Several chlorooxygen compounds, hydrogen peroxide and reducing molecules in the presence of chelated iron (Fenton systems) are oxidants of biological relevance. These compounds are either produced in living tissues or are in use as disinfectants or drugs. Tetrachlorodecaoxide as the active principle in the drug OXOFERIN can be differentiated from the above mentioned oxidants by means of simple biochemical test systems where different activators and detector molecules are used. PMID- 3245880 TI - Identification of major lipids from the scent gland secretions of Dumeril's ground boa (Acrantophis dumerili Jan) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - The scent gland secretions of Dumeril's ground boa (Acrantophis dumerili), pooled from two adult males and a female, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, cis-9-octadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, cholesterol, and 5-cholesten-3-one were indicated. These results are compared with those obtained in analyses of the scent gland secretions of other snakes. PMID- 3245881 TI - Assessment of persisting chromosome aberrations by flow karyotyping of cloned Chinese hamster cells. AB - A preparation, staining and measuring protocol for high resolution flow cytometry of chromosomes was developed. This method allows us to identify all chromosome types and is suited for characterization of permanent cell lines and cell clones by establishing their flow karyotypes. In cell clones this procedure can be used for the detection of chromosomal aberrations which appear spontaneously or are induced by mutagen treatment and persist in the cell population. PMID- 3245882 TI - [Stability of ferricinium cations and their cytostatic effect]. AB - The relative stabilities of different ferricinium cations were studied in buffer or serum-containing solution and in vivo and compared with their cytostatic effects in cultures of Yoshida ascites tumor cells. Although the ferricinium cation itself was the most unstable cation compared with the dimethyl-ferricinium cation and the deuterated ferricinium derivatives it showed the highest cytostatic effect. PMID- 3245883 TI - [Heredity of asthma]. AB - To compare the heredity of asthma among families of intrinsic, extrinsic and control subjects, we have studied the siblings and offsprings of the 3 groups of subjects (using a standardized questionnaire). The results shown that asthma was genetically transmitted but the clinical manifestations appeared later among the relatives of intrinsic than among the relatives of extrinsic asthmatic patients. PMID- 3245884 TI - [Effect of long-term administration of platelet activating factor on pulmonary response and morphology in the guinea pig]. AB - The possible role of PAF in the development of bronchial hyperreactivity was investigated using Alzet osmotic minipumps loaded with PAF or solvent alone and implanted in male Hartley guinea-pigs. Compared to animals treated with solvent alone, those receiving PAF (20 micrograms/kg/h for 15 days) exhibited a hyperreactivity to histamine. The lungs from PAF-treated were congestive in appearance, bronchi and the bronchioli were contracted, Reisseissen muscles were markedly hypertrophied and a muciparous metaplasia of the epithelium was observed. In addition, the number of eosinophils was significantly increased in the parenchyma, as was the number of mast cells in the peribronchial regions. These data indicate that long term-treatment with PAF induces profound alterations in the respiratory system resembling those observed in asthmatic patients. They also strengthen the also strengthen the role of PAF in the development of bronchial hyperreactivity. PMID- 3245885 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity using anti-influenza vaccine (AIV) and an immunostimulant (R)]. AB - 21 infected asthmatics were involved in this study, divided into three groups: Group 1 (G1): 7 subjects who received Ribomunyl. Group 2 (G2): 7 subjects who received anti-influenza vaccine, replaced on the 8th day by Ribomunyl. Group 3 (G3): 7 subjects who received the anti-influenza vaccine. Every patient had a IMC assessment on days 0, 8 and 30 that was composed of: 1. An RE test to show the Ly T11 receptors. 2. A study of the lymphocyte sub-populations CD3, CD4 and CD8, that respectively exhibit the LyT, T-helper and T-suppressor receptors. 3. Lymphocyte function was studied by stimulation of the lymphocytes by lectins, PHA (Ly T), Con A (Ly Ts) PKWM (Ly 8): by TB co-operation). 4. Measurement of total IgE. Only the lymphocyte stimulation tests by lectins showed a significantly raised response in the subjects of G1, who received Ribomunyl. IAV and Ribomunyl (G2) or IAV alone (G3) showed lymphocytes responses that were statistically less than G1. It seemed as though the IAV retarded the Ribomunyl response in IMC. The RE test and the study of the sub-populations did not show any significant differences between the groups. No differences between the total IgE levels could be seen in the groups. This study indicates the possibilities in the treatment of super-infected asthmatics with Ribomunyl alone, since the anti-influenza vaccine had a tendency to retard cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 3245886 TI - Absence of differential motoric and thermic responses to clonidine in young rats exposed prenatally to alcohol. AB - We studied the involvement of altered noradrenergic function in the behavioral consequences of fetal ethanol exposure. Pregnant rats were fed a liquid diet containing 35% Ethanol-Derived Calories (EDC), pair-fed a 0% EDC diet with sucrose substituted isocalorically for ethanol, or fed ad lib lab chow. In Experiment 1, offspring from these prenatal treatment groups were injected with the alpha-adrenergic agonist clonidine (0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg) at 10 or 42 days of age and showed age-characteristic, dose-dependent increases in locomotor activity, exploration, forelimb treading, and catalepsy. In Experiment 2, offspring were injected with clonidine (0.25 or 1.0 mg/kg) at 10, 14, or 18 days of age, and locomotor activity and wall-climbing were observed in a warm chamber (33 degrees C). Catalepsy and rectal temperature were also scored. There were no significant differential effects of clonidine on any prenatal treatment group at any age for any measure of activity or rectal temperature. The results do not support the hypothesis that fetal ethanol exposure alters noradrenergic systems in behaviorally significant ways. PMID- 3245887 TI - Prenatal ethanol alters gait in rats. AB - Rats exposed to ethanol in utero were assessed for changes in gait at 55 days of age. Ethanol-exposed animals had significantly shorter stride lengths, more open step angles, and less gait symmetry than control rats. There were no differences in stance width or apparent speed. This pattern of changes in motor function indicates that prenatal exposure to ethanol produces long-lasting "ataxia" in rats. These results closely resemble previous findings of altered gait following neonatal ethanol exposure in rats, as well as clinical findings in some FAS children. The results are consistent with an hypothesis of prenatal ethanol induced disruption of functional hippocampal and/or cerebellar development. Ataxia and gait dysfunction may be sensitive indicators of ethanol teratogenesis. PMID- 3245888 TI - Effects of in utero ethanol exposure on serotonin uptake in cortical regions. AB - Previously, this laboratory found that the 19- and 35- to 37-day-old offspring of rats that consumed ethanol on a chronic basis prior to parturition had a decreased cortical content of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA) as well as a decreased number of cortical 5-HT1 binding sites. These results emphasized the sensitivity of the developing cortical serotonergic nerves to the effects of in utero ethanol exposure. In the present study, we examined the effects of in utero ethanol exposure on an additional component of the developing cortical serotonergic systems. Specifically, we examined the uptake of [3H]-5-HT by synaptosomes which were isolated from the motor or somatosensory regions of the cerebral cortex. The results demonstrated that the Vmax for serotonin uptake was significantly decreased (p less than 0.025) by approximately 15-20% in the motor cortices of the 19- and 35-day-old offspring of rats that consumed ethanol on a chronic basis prior to parturition. In addition, there was a significantly (p less than 0.025) approximately 30% decrease in the Km for serotonin uptake in the motor cortex of 35-day-old offspring of ethanol-fed rats. In contrast, neither the (Km) nor the Vmax for serotonin uptake were significantly altered (p greater than 0.05) in the somatosensory cortices in 19- or 35-day-old offspring of ethanol-fed rats. These results emphasize the selective sensitivity of developing cortical projections of the serotonergic system. PMID- 3245889 TI - Effects of in utero ethanol exposure on cortical 5-HT2 binding sites. AB - Previous studies by this laboratory found that in utero ethanol exposure results in a decrease of several presynaptic components of serotonin (5-HT) containing neurons in the cerebral cortex and cortical regions. The present study examined whether in utero ethanol exposure similarly affects the development of the cortical targets of serotonergic projections. Specifically, we examined the influence of in utero ethanol exposure on 5-HT2 binding sites in the motor and somatosensory cortices of the offspring of rats that consumed a control or 6.6% (v/v) ethanol liquid diet on a chronic basis prior to parturition. These studies demonstrated that neither the Kd nor Bmax for the binding of [3H]-ketanserin to membranes from the motor and somatosensory cortices of 19- and 35-day-old rats were significantly altered by in utero ethanol exposure. These results suggest that the development of the postsynaptic target areas of cortical serotonergic projections are more resistant to the effects of in utero ethanol exposure than the presynaptic components of these projections. PMID- 3245891 TI - Ethanol and diazepam interactions on conflict behavior in rats. AB - Twenty-four adult male rats trained on the Geller-Seifter conflict procedure received: 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mg/kg diazepam at 15 min, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 g/kg of ethanol (EtOH) at 30 min prior to the test session, or combinations of the same diazepam doses and 0.5 g/kg of EtOH. Ethanol administration produced a significant (p less than 0.05) dose-related decrease in lever pressing during the periods prior to the introduction of the tone stimulus, compared to lever pressing during the corresponding control periods on the day prior to drug treatment. During the posttone periods 0.25 g/kg increased lever pressing (p less than 0.05), while doses of EtOH from 0.5 to 4.0 g/kg resulted in significantly lower levels of lever pressing in periods following the discontinuation of the tone. In the presence of the conflict evoking tone stimulus, rats treated with 2.0 g/kg of EtOH increased their rate of lever pressing, while animals receiving the other EtOH doses exhibited lever pressing comparable to that observed during the corresponding control periods. Administration of EtOH had no effect on the number of reinforcements received during the entire test session, except for a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction at the highest dose of 4.0 g/kg. Diazepam increased the number of reinforcements received during the entire test session as compared to those obtained during control sessions. Lever pressing was not affected by diazepam treatment during pretone or tone periods. During the posttone periods responses were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in rats receiving the lowest dose of 1.0 mg/kg of diazepam but the other doses were without effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3245890 TI - Chronic maternal ethanol consumption results in decreased serotonergic 5-HT1 sites in cerebral cortical regions from offspring. AB - This laboratory previously demonstrated that chronic maternal ethanol consumption results in a marked deficiency of cortical serotonin (5-HT) and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and of 5-HT uptake sites in the 19- and 35-day old offspring. In order to determine whether in utero exposure to ethanol similarly affects other components of the serotonergic system we examined the influence of chronic maternal ethanol consumption on cortical, serotonergic 5-HT1 binding sites in developing offspring. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed, using control or 6.6% (v/v) ethanol liquid diets on a chronic basis prior to parturition. Serotonergic 5-HT1 sites were measured in synaptosomal membranes from whole cortex and cortical regions from developing offspring. Serotonergic 5 HT1 sites were assessed by measuring the binding of [3H]-5-HT to synaptosomal membranes in the presence and absence of nonradioactive 5-HT. Serotonergic 5-HT2 sites were blocked by including 100 nM spiperone in the assay buffer. The results demonstrated that the 19- and 37-day-old offspring of ethanol-fed rats had a significant (approximately 10-40%) reduction in the Bmax for serotonergic 5-HT1 binding sites on synaptosomal membranes from whole cortex (p less than 0.025), motor cortex (p less than 0.01), and somatosensory cortex (p less than 0.025). However, the binding affinity (Kd) for serotonin was not significantly altered (p greater than 0.05). These results emphasize the sensitivity of the developing cortical serotonergic system to prenatal ethanol exposure. PMID- 3245892 TI - Interactive effects of diazepam and ethanol on baboon match-to-sample performance. AB - Four juvenile male baboons were trained to perform a match-to-sample (MTS) discrimination task. Diazepam (DZ) at doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 6.0 mg/kg resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the mean response times (MRT) during the 2 hr test session in terms of percent change from baseline performance under nondrug conditions measured the day prior to drug treatment. Effects were maximal at 2.0 mg/kg diazepam and no further effects were observed at 4.0 or 6.0 mg/kg. Administration of 0.25 mg/kg of diazepam had no effect on MTS performance. Exposure to 0.5 g/kg of ethanol (EtOH) had no effect on response time, while 1.0 g/kg EtOH significantly (p less than 0.05) increased response time. Baboons receiving combined treatment with 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg EtOH plus 1.0 mg/kg diazepam displayed a significant (p less than 0.05) percent increase in mean response time compared to that observed under baseline conditions on the day prior to drug treatment. The 0.5 g/kg EtOH and 1.0 mg/kg diazepam combination increased MRT to an extent comparable to the effect observed at the same dose of diazepam alone. Effects observed with 1.0 mg/kg diazepam and 1.0 g/kg EtOH were similar to those produced by the DZ alone. Combinations of 0.5 g/kg EtOH and 0.5 mg/kg diazepam, 1.0 g/kg EtOH and 0.25 mg/kg diazepam, and 1.0 g/kg EtOH and 0.5 mg/kg diazepam had no significant effect on response times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3245893 TI - Ethanol promotes hydrolysis of 3H-labeled sialoconjugates from brain of mice in vitro. AB - Acute administration of ethanol reportedly decreases total sialic acid in brain. Here, we tested the hypothesis in brain and liver that the decrement is due to increased hydrolysis of sialoglycoconjugates. Mouse tissue slices were pulse labeled with N-[3H]acetyl-D-mannosamine, the precursor of sialic acid. Incorporation was linear for up to 4 hr of incubation. When the labeled slices were incubated with three concentrations of ethanol (0.1, 0.5, and 1 M) for 5 hr, labeled liver sialoconjugates were significantly affected only at 0.5 and 1 M ethanol, whereas labeled brain sialoconjugates were markedly decreased even at 100 mM ethanol. Sialidase activity decreased steadily with increasing concentration of ethanol, indicating that the increased hydrolysis was not attributable to an enhanced sialidase activity. n-Propanol and t-butanol had the same degradative effect as ethanol on sialocompounds; and 3 mM pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), had no effect on ethanol-induced degradation of sialocompounds. The protein/DNA ratio in liver showed a steady decrease with increasing ethanol. The data thus confirm the in vivo reports of ethanol-enhanced cleavage and rule out any increase in sialidase activity as a major cause. PMID- 3245894 TI - Harman in rat brain, lung and human CSF: effect of alcohol consumption. AB - A simple, sensitive, HPLC method for the determination of harman has been developed and used to quantitate harman in rat brain (0.41 +/- 0.05 ng/g, n = 7) and rat lung (1.88 +/- 0.55 ng/g, n = 6). The definitive identification of harman in these tissues was accomplished by derivatizing the beta-carboline with pentafluorobenzyl bromide and using gas chromatography-electron capture chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Rats treated acutely with ethanol or subchronically with ethanol in the presence or absence of disulfiram did not have altered harman concentrations. Analysis of control human CSF samples and CSF samples taken from alcoholic patients (n = 8) at the time of intoxicated admission and one week later indicated a predominant absence of harman. These data suggest that harman is unlikely to be formed as a result of ethanol ingestion; its origin and pharmacological significance remain to be determined. PMID- 3245895 TI - Ethanol teratogenesis in mice selected for differences in alcohol sensitivity. AB - Long-Sleep (LS) and Short-Sleep (SS) mice, selectively bred for differences in ethanol-induced narcosis, were administered ethanol (2.9, 4.0, 4.5, or 5.0 g/kg) twice per day during the period of organogenesis. On gestation day 18, the dams were sacrificed and the uterine horns were examined for live, dead, and resorbed fetuses. Live fetuses were weighed and assessed for either skeletal or soft tissue anomalies. The 5.8 g/kg/day dose had no effect on prenatal mortality, litter size, body weight, or number of physical anomalies in either line. However, the alcohol-sensitive LS mice exposed to ethanol doses of 8.0 g/kg/day or more evidenced decreased body weights while weights for the alcohol insensitive SS mice differed from controls at only the highest dose tested. The incidence of skeletal variants was increased in the LS mice exposed to the 10 g/kg/day ethanol dose. These results indicate genetically-mediated alcohol sensitivity increases susceptibility to some of the fetotoxic effects of in utero alcohol exposure. PMID- 3245896 TI - Biochemistry of the nervous system. Autumn meeting of the Neurochemical Study Group of the GBCh. 73d Konferenz der Gesellschaft fur Biologische Chemie. Gottingen, 10-11 November 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3245897 TI - The primary structure of the hemoglobin of the Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo, Pelecaniformes). AB - The erythrocytes of the adult Cormorant contain two hemoglobin components in a ratio of 83% Hb A to 17% Hb D. The primary structures of the alpha A-, alpha D- and beta-chains are presented. The globin chains were separated by high performance liquid chromatography and cleaved enzymatically and/or chemically. The native chains and their fragments were sequenced using liquid- or gas-phase sequencers, and the peptides aligned using the homology to human and to avian hemoglobin sequences. Compared to human hemoglobin, there are 46 amino-acid replacements in the alpha A-chains (67.4% homology), 65 replacements in the alpha D-chains (53.9% homology) and 45 replacements in the beta-chains (69.2% homology). In the functionally important regions, the percentage of amino-acid substitutions, as compared to human hemoglobin, is 13.2% in the alpha A-, 19.0% in the alpha D - and 16.0% in the beta-chains. The importance of the replacement beta 135 arginine (other birds)----glycine (Cormorant) in the phosphate-binding pocket and its effect on phosphate binding will be discussed. PMID- 3245898 TI - [Removal of substances interfering with the LAL test using the Sartorius Ultrasart D20 ultrafiltration system]. PMID- 3245899 TI - [Evaluation of the concentration of some disinfectants and antiseptics used in hospitals using the Kelsey-Sykes test]. PMID- 3245900 TI - Characterization of Spanish kaolins for pharmaceutical use. I. Chemical and mineralogical composition, physico-chemical properties. PMID- 3245901 TI - [A new apparatus for rapid determination of free water]. PMID- 3245902 TI - [Micro-organisms and aromatic plants: effects in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals]. PMID- 3245903 TI - Effects of cations on binding of human choriogonadotropin. AB - The effect of various salts on the binding of human choriogonadotropin to rat luteal membranes has been examined. Increasing salt concentrations had biphasic effects, initially increasing binding, then decreasing it. With NaCl, these effects were on both the affinity and the number of receptor sites. The affinity increased with increasing NaCl concentrations, to a maximum at 40 mM, and then decreased. Above 40 mM NaCl, the number of binding sites increased. NaCl also altered the effects of Mg2+ and guanyl nucleotides. At low ionic strength, Mg2+ was necessary to observe binding. Guanine nucleotides modulated this binding by decreasing the affinity. At 40 mM NaCl, Mg2+ increased receptor number without altering affinity. Guanyl nucleotides modulated this binding by reducing the number of sites to that observed in the absence of Mg2+. At 150 mM NaCl, Mg2+ and guanine nucleotides had no effect. The results suggest the presence of two pools of human choriogonadotropin receptor in rat corpus luteum, one coupled to the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (Ns) and being Mg2+ dependent and guanine nucleotide sensitive, and the other not coupled to Ns and being Mg2+ independent and guanine nucleotide insensitive. PMID- 3245904 TI - Differential effect of inflammation and dexamethasone on dolichol and dolichol phosphate synthesis. AB - Inflammation and glucocorticoids stimulate hepatic glycoprotein synthesis, resulting in an increased secretion of serum glycoproteins. We now present evidence that the synthesis of dolichol and dolichol phosphate from mevalonate is increased in hepatocytes from inflamed rats. Also, in inflamed rats, the levels of dolichol and dolichol phosphate are increased in liver homogenates and microsomes. Dexamethasone treatment of the cells, however, does not increase the synthesis of dolichol and dolichol phosphate from mevalonate. The results suggest that the inflammation-induced dolichol-linked saccharide and glycoprotein synthesis is possibly mediated through an increase in the level of dolichol and dolichol phosphate in the liver. Since dexamethasone treatment does not increase the synthesis of dolichol and dolichol phosphate, its action on glycoprotein synthesis appears to be different and to affect the induction of enzymes in mannosyl phosphoryl dolichol- and dolichol-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. PMID- 3245905 TI - Minor lamin polypeptides from rat liver nuclei can be cross-linked into heteropolymers by disulfide bridges. AB - The peripheral lamina of rat liver nuclei is characterized by the presence of three major polypeptides called lamins A, B, and C. Recent studies have identified in rat liver lamina two quantitatively minor polypeptides that have some of the biochemical and immunological properties of the lamins and were tentatively called minor lamin species. We have further characterized these minor lamin polypeptides. Both minor lamin species copurified quantitatively with the major lamins in dissociation-reassociation experiments and shared epitopes with all three major lamins as well as with intermediate filament proteins, including an epitope involved in coiled-coil interactions in lamina and filaments. Minor lamins generated partial peptide maps very similar to each other but completely different from those of lamins A, B, and C. The two minor lamin species could be cross-linked into heteropolymers containing a constant ratio of both polypeptides by exposure to O-phenanthroline - cupric ion complexes, although they did not appear to be cross-linked by disulfide bonds in the native envelope. Preliminary results suggest that the cross-linked minor lamins could be preferentially associated with lamin B. It therefore appears that in addition to the network of lamins A, B, and C, the peripheral lamina is characterized by the presence of two closely juxtaposed minor lamin polypeptides. The molecular interactions between these various polypeptides and their respective roles remain to be identified. PMID- 3245906 TI - Redistribution of cholesterol and beta-sitosterol between intralipid and rat plasma lipoproteins and red blood cells in vivo. AB - Male Wistar rats were injected intravenously with 2 mL of Intralipid containing 7.5 x 10(5) counts per minute (cpm) [14C]cholesterol and 7.5 x 10(5) cpm beta [3H]sitosterol. Blood was withdrawn immediately and at 5, 10, 20, 60, 120, and 1440 min after injection from different animals. Plasma and red cells were separated and washed by conventional centrifugation, while lipoprotein density classes corresponding to chylomicrons, very low (VLDL), low (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL) were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Total lipid and sterol compositions were determined by thin-layer chromatography in combination with gas-liquid chromatography, whereas radioactivity was measured by scintillation counting. The ratio of [14C]cholesterol/beta-[3H]sitosterol rose from 1 to 3.65 in the plasma VLDL fraction, whereas that in the LDL and HDL fractions were equilibrated at about 2, following an initial transient increase in favour of cholesterol. The appearance and disappearance of the radioactivity from LDL and HDL fractions exhibited precursor-product relationship owing probably to the conversion of the Intralipid into an intermediate lipoprotein-X like particle, which possesses a density similar to that of LDL. The radioactive cholesterol and beta-sitosterol were incorporated into the red blood cell membranes at nearly similar initial rates, while at later times the incorporation of cholesterol was much preferred. PMID- 3245907 TI - The lipid composition of plasma membrane from goat mammary gland. AB - Experiments were conducted to examine and characterize the lipid composition of the plasma membrane from the lactating goat mammary gland. The plasma membranes were purified by discontinuous sucrose density centrifugation. Lipids were extracted from these membranes and analyzed by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. The results of these studies demonstrate that (i) the principal phospholipids of mammary-gland plasma membranes are phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin; (ii) the principal neutral lipids are triacylglyceride and cholesterol ester; (iii) the major glycolipids are globotetraosylceramide and globotriaosylceramide; and (iv) the major fatty acids are oleic (18:1), palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), and myristic (14:0) acids. PMID- 3245908 TI - Histochemistry of intrafusal fibers in extraocular muscles of the sheep and pig. PMID- 3245909 TI - [Asymmetry in attention orientation in normal subjects]. PMID- 3245911 TI - [Effect of the probability of the appearance of stimulus on voluntary movements of attention]. PMID- 3245910 TI - Microelectrophoretic fractionation of RNA from rat brain subsynaptosomal fractions. PMID- 3245912 TI - [Differences in attention orientation with peripheral and central signals]. PMID- 3245913 TI - [Effects of treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate on cellular growth of a line of human neuroblastoma]. PMID- 3245914 TI - [Demineralized bovine bone matrix: diffractional characterization]. PMID- 3245915 TI - The effect of thyroid hormones on the lipid composition of rat plasma and erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 3245917 TI - [Condylomatous lesions of the human uterine cervix: observations through the transmission electron microscope]. PMID- 3245916 TI - [Synthesis of prostanoids in the gastric and duodenal mucosa of healthy subjects]. PMID- 3245918 TI - Hypomethylated state of estrogen receptor gene in endometrial carcinomas. PMID- 3245919 TI - Estrogen increases c-myc RNA in human thyroids. PMID- 3245920 TI - [Circadian variation of temperature in morning- and evening-type subjects: V. Autorhythmometric study]. PMID- 3245921 TI - [Activation of hepatic phospholipase C induced by 4-hydroxynonenal]. PMID- 3245922 TI - Sex differences in the histochemical characteristics of the sternotrachealis muscle of the duck. PMID- 3245923 TI - An angiotensin-like immunoreactive neuronal system in the avian hypothalamus. PMID- 3245924 TI - [Age influence on the maturation process of the mechanism of spontaneous release of acetylcholine after nerve regeneration]. PMID- 3245925 TI - Quantitative evaluation of foetal motor activity: longitudinal study. PMID- 3245926 TI - Comparative remarks on the oxygen dissociation curves from normal adults, newborns and hemoglobinopathic subjects. PMID- 3245927 TI - [Preliminary data on the effects of vitamin E deficiency on the number of myelinic fibers of the sciatic nerve of rats]. PMID- 3245929 TI - Compensatory articulation in a subject with total glossectomy. PMID- 3245928 TI - [Role of vitamin E in muscle reinnervation after nerve injury: effect of its deficiency on multiple innervation]. PMID- 3245930 TI - Surgical voice restoration following laryngectomy: the tracheo-oesophageal fistula technique (Singer-Blom). PMID- 3245932 TI - What shall we do with 'medial' sounds? PMID- 3245931 TI - The effects of reduced non-verbal communication in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3245933 TI - Clarification requests of normal and language-impaired children. PMID- 3245934 TI - Effects of short-term dietary restriction on survival of mammary ascites tumor bearing rats. AB - We studied the effects of short-term dietary restriction on the survival of 3-4 month-old tumor-free and tumor-bearing Fisher rats. The diet-restricted food regimen consisted of alternate day ad libitum feeding followed by alternate day fasting. Diet-unrestricted control rats were fed ad libitum daily. Six tumor-free rats on the diet-restricted regimen compensated for the dietary restriction by an increase in food consumption during the alternate feeding days, and lost an average of only 2-3% of their weight in 13 days. Six tumor-free rats on a daily ad libitum feeding regimen gained an average of 6.8% in 15 days. The above dietary-restricted regimen was initiated 1 week before 24 rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with 15 million Mat 13762 ascites tumor cells. Sixteen of 24 (66.7%) diet-restricted tumor-bearing hosts and 5/24 (20.8%) diet-unrestricted tumor-bearing hosts survived at 9 days after tumor inoculation (p less than 0.005). Twelve of 24 (50%) diet-restricted tumor-bearing hosts, and 3 of 24 (12.5%) diet-unrestricted tumor-bearing hosts, survived at 10 days after tumor inoculation (p less than 0.025). Thus, the survival of tumor-bearing rats was enhanced by short-term relatively mild dietary restrictions. We suggest that relatively mild dietary restrictions should be included in clinical trials designed to inhibit cancer growth and enhance the survival of human cancer patients. PMID- 3245935 TI - Advanced Lewis lung carcinoma cured by tiazofurin as a system to study delayed hemopoietic effects of cancer. AB - Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) induces a range of hemopoietic alterations in its murine host including progressive anemia, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, neutrophilia, and marrow and splenic myeloid hyperplasia. Concentrations of both pluripotent and committed marrow hemopoietic progenitors is increased and the cycling fraction of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors is accelerated. We have developed a way to study whether these hemopoietic effects become long-term consequences of cancer, using LLC-bearing mice with advanced tumor treated with the antineoplastic agent tiazofurin, 2-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-thiazole-4 carboxyamide, NSC 286193 (TZ). LLC mice were treated with a single dose of TZ either 150, 300, or 600 mg/kg, intraperitoneally on day 6 posttumor implant when lung metastases are present and all hemopoietic effects of the tumor are recognizable. Even a single dose of 150 mg/kg of TZ produced a significant survival advantage, and 600 mg/kg resulted in 30% of the animals remaining disease free during a 5-month follow-up. A 6-week treatment schedule was devised, administering TZ intraperitoneally, 600 mg/kg, weekly beginning on day 6. In this group, median survival was not reached after 9 months of follow-up. The only evidence of myelotoxicity produced by intermittent administration of TZ was a mild anemia which was fully reversible 2 weeks after discontinuance of the drug. No difference in white blood cell count, differential count, or platelet count was detected in tumor bearers and controls treated with TZ. Both pluripotent and committed marrow hemopoietic precursors remained unchanged in TZ-LLC, TZ-controls and untreated controls throughout treatment and 2 weeks thereafter. This study demonstrates that TZ-cured LLC mice are suitable to explore late hemopoietic effects of cancer. PMID- 3245936 TI - Adjuvant radiation therapy in pancreatic carcinoma: a reappraisal. PMID- 3245937 TI - Patient data management systems (PDMS). Computer technology for critical care nurses. PMID- 3245938 TI - Improving peer review of nursing research. PMID- 3245939 TI - Pediatric neurosurgery in Latin America. PMID- 3245940 TI - Pediatric neurosurgery around the world--Asia and Australasia. PMID- 3245941 TI - Shunts, indications, problems, and characteristics. PMID- 3245942 TI - Evaluation of brainstem auditory evoked responses in congenital hydrocephalus. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) were studied in 20 children with clinically diagnosed and CT-confirmed congenital hydrocephalus before and after shunt surgery. Ninety-five percent of the children showed abnormal responses preoperatively. Prolonged wave V latency was the most common abnormality, followed by increased interwave latencies. Total absence of evoked responses was more common in children with communicating hydrocephalus. Following shunt surgery 50% of cases returned to normal and 20% showed a significant improvement. Abnormalities persisted in 10% of cases. BAER abnormalities referrable to caudal brainstem dysfunction recovered first, following CSF diversion. Study of BAER is useful for identifying physiological brainstem abnormalities in hydrocephalic children and promises to be a sensitive non-invasive diagnostic tool for the detection of "non-infective complications" of shunt surgery, if performed serially during follow up. PMID- 3245943 TI - Electroencephalographic findings in hydrocephalic children prior to initial shunting. AB - The EEG recordings of 105 hydrocephalic children with proven ventriculomegaly and increased intracranial pressure were studied prior to initial shunt treatment. Only 2 patients had a normal EEG and 7 had only abnormal dominant activity. Paroxysmal slow-wave activity, generalized or posterior, was present in 37 (35% of the patients) recordings and focal slow waves in 28 patients (27%), these mostly posterior. All types of slow-wave activities increased with age. Focal attenuation was very common under 1 year of age (in 41% of patients of this age group), but after this age only 4 cases (10%) were recorded. Spike- or sharp-wave activity was recorded focally or generally in 45 (43%) of the children. The prevalence of spikes and sharp waves correlated negatively with increasing age: only generalized spikes were usual after 7 years of age. No significant differences were found in the appearance of focal findings between hemispheres. According to the present study, the EEG is abnormal in more than 98% of children with proven hydrocephalus before shunting. The observed abnormalities are described in detail in order to serve as reference material in the follow-up of hydrocephalic children. PMID- 3245944 TI - Electroencephalographic findings and epilepsy in the slit ventricle syndrome of shunt-treated hydrocephalic children. AB - Overdrainage of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and collapse of the ventricles, slit ventricles (SLV), can cause clinical symptoms and result in the slit ventricle syndrome (SLVS). The EEG changes and the frequency and type of epilepsy in patients with SLV was analysed from a material of 113 shunt-treated hydrocephalic children. During the follow-up time (mean 8.9 years), 63 patients (56%) had developed SLV. The age at initial shunting was significantly lower (1.2 years) in patients who developed SLV than for those who did not (2.7 years). After initial shunting generalized spike and sharp wave activity (SWA) developed more frequently in patients who developed SLV (81%) than in those who did not (54%). Severe generalized SWA developed almost entirely in patients in the SLV group. This severe generalized SWA disappeared from the EEG in patients after treatment of the SLVS. Epileptic seizures appeared after initial shunting in 44% of patients in the SLV group but in only 6% of the non-SLV group. Treatment of the SLVS decreased the frequency of epilepsy to a level corresponding with the non-SLV group. Repeated EEG evaluation of shunt-treated hydrocephalic children is a valuable aid in follow-up. If EEG abnormality appears after initial shunting, especially SWA, shunt malfunction and overdrainage of the CSF should be suspected. PMID- 3245945 TI - The theoretical requirements of shunt design as determined by biomechanical testing in pediatric hydrocephalus. AB - This paper reviews the mechanics of shunts currently used to treat hydrocephalus and contrasts these devices with the normal mechanism of CSF circulation. These differences are examined with reference to the biomechanical testing performed in hydrocephalus children. These studies show that in most untreated hydrocephalics, enhanced volume storage accompanies a partial absorptive defect. After treatment, volume storage changes in most children but persists in a minority. Using these tests, it is possible to describe the requirements for successful shunting of hydrocephalic children at all stages of the process. This discussion elaborates the theoretical requirements for revising current shunt design. PMID- 3245946 TI - Ischemic stroke in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. AB - The authors studied 34 patients with juvenile ischemic cerebrovascular disease over a 15-year period. Of the 34 patients, 23 had intracranial occlusions attributed to cerebral thrombosis or embolism and 11 had occlusions resulting from moyamoya disease. Clinicopathological features were evaluated in the 23 cases with ischemic stroke, but not those with moyamoya disease. The cause of the arterial occlusion remained undetermined in 11 patients and was found to be an embolism based on congenital heart disease in 8, on trauma in 3, and on infection in 1. Cerebral angiography was performed in 21 patients. Of these, 17 had stenoses or occlusions corresponding to their symptoms. CT scans were performed in 10 patients; the lesion in question showed no stenosis or occlusion with cerebral angiography. With regard to prognosis, patients with unknown etiology had good outcomes compared with those with congenital heart disease. With respect to "acute infantile hemiplegia", 10 patients had convulsive seizures and 4 had a history of an earlier infection. Angiography and CT scans in patients with congenital heart disease demonstrated arterial occlusive sites in the middle cerebral artery region. Three patients had abscesses after their ischemic lesions. PMID- 3245947 TI - Lack of clinical-EEG effects of naloxone injection on infantile spasms. AB - In a previous study we found depressed ACTH and normal beta-endorphin values in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with West's syndrome, whereas normal peptide levels were present in infants with secondary Infantile spasms. This prompted us to study the effects of naloxone administration in children with West's syndrome. After informed consent was obtained from the parents, the effects of naloxone administration on clinical and EEG findings were evaluated in five infants 5-9 months old (3 males, 2 females) with cryptogenic infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia. The infants were studied at the onset of symptomatology before therapy. An average of 5-10 groups of spasms were present per day. Naloxone (12 micrograms/kg body weight) was administered as an intravenous bolus in two cases, as a slow venous drip in another two cases, and intramuscularly in the last case. EEG and polygraphic monitoring were performed for 2 h. Naloxone did not induce any acute behavioral changes and the number of seizures remained unchanged after treatment. These data reject the possibility that endogenous opioids tonically modulate infantile spasms. Further studies are required to ascertain the involvement of POMC peptides in West's syndrome. PMID- 3245948 TI - Cephalhydrohematocele due to catheter valve disconnection following ventriculoperitoneal shunting. AB - A 5-year-old boy with a right-sided ventriculoperitoneal shunt presented with a 3 month history of progressively enlarging subperiosteal fluid collection in the scalp, which started in the right parietal region and had spread and extended across the midline to occupy both parietal regions. There were no changes in symptoms or signs from those observed 3 months previously. A CT scan confirmed the collection of fluid under the scalp over both parietal regions. The peritoneal catheter was found to be disconnected from the distal end of the functioning valve, which drained cerebrospinal fluid into the subperiosteal space. Distention of the parietal subperiosteal space led to stretching and tearing of the emissary veins. This resulted in the formation of a hydrohematocele. The spread of fluid to the opposite parietal region may be due to a disorganized and loose attachment of the periosteum to the widely separated sagittal suture. PMID- 3245949 TI - Interventional cardiology. PMID- 3245950 TI - [Modeling of porphyria]. PMID- 3245951 TI - [The effect of cyclo(L-alanyl-1-amino-1-cyclopentancarbonyl) --Alaptide on experimental gastric ulcers in rats]. PMID- 3245953 TI - [Regulatory rhythms in physiological systems. Synchronous proliferation of stem cells in hematopoietic tissue]. PMID- 3245952 TI - [Research fronts in modeling in biomedicine in 1987]. PMID- 3245954 TI - Double labelling with bromodeoxyuridine and [3H]-thymidine of proliferative cells in small intestinal epithelium in steady state and after irradiation. AB - The simultaneous immunohistochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and [3H]-thymidine ([3H]TdR), by conventional autoradiography, was performed on the mouse small intestine (ileum). Proliferation was studied under normal conditions as well as after 3 Gy of gamma-rays. The BrdU method in conjunction with [3H]TdR autoradiography appears to be reliable and useful for the study of cell kinetics especially in disturbed states, on condition that [3H]TdR is delivered to the animals before BrdU. It has been found that cells in the crypt are delayed by irradiation in their progression through the cell cycle predominantly in late S phase. The cells at the bottom of the crypt are more affected than the more differentiated but proliferating cells in the upper part of the crypt. PMID- 3245955 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of the effects of high protein diet on isolated rat liver mitochondria. AB - We have investigated changes that occur in mitochondria obtained from the livers of rats that had been maintained on a high protein diet (80% casein instead of 20%) for 6 months. Liver homogenates were separated by centrifugation into a mitochondrial fraction, a nuclear fraction and the supernatant fluid of the nuclear fraction (nuclear wash). Rhodamine-123 was used to selectively stain mitochondria depending upon their membrane potential. The stained organelles were processed through a flow cytometer where the fluorescent stains were excited by the 488 nm wavelength of a laser and the resultant fluorescence signals analysed. After 6 months on a high protein diet, mitochondria displayed an increase in the fluorescence associated with rhodamine-123 uptake in both mitochondrial and nuclear wash fractions, while mitochondrial fluorescence in the nuclear fraction showed a heterogeneous distribution. This was interpreted as an increase in membrane potential in most of the liver mitochondria under these nutritional conditions, with a certain degree of heterogeneity. These functional changes may be correlated with morphological alterations previously reported and show the usefulness of flow cytometry for biochemical analysis of isolated mitochondria. PMID- 3245956 TI - Effects of continuous low dose-rate irradiation: computer simulations. AB - The effects of continuous low dose-rate irradiation are studied with a computer model that incorporates cell kinetics and the accumulation and repair of radiation damage. This theoretical approach independently explores the effects on survival curves of a phase block, inherited damage and proliferation by dying cells. The computer model is a Monte Carlo simulation which follows the evolution in time of the family trees of a growing cell population under continuous irradiation. The model uses as input the measured phase-specific survival curves for acute exposures and the cell kinetic parameters to generate survival curves for continuous low dose-rate irradiations. Cell survival curves for Chinese hamster lung cells (V79) for dose rates ranging from 15 to 500 cGy/h have been generated using various model assumptions. The model shows that for these cells a G2 block will maximize cell killing for an optimum dose rate near 75 cGy/h. The effect on survival curves of inherited damage, as well as that of the proliferation by dying cells, is shown to increase monotonically with decreasing dose rates, and to be quite large at low dose rates. PMID- 3245958 TI - Bone marrow fibroblast colony-forming cells are osteogenic stem cells. PMID- 3245957 TI - Mineralization of adult mouse bone marrow in vitro. AB - Murine adult bone marrow exhibits mineralizing capacity in vitro as is demonstrated by the new in vitro assay we report here. In less than 2 weeks after the onset of the cultures, mineralization is obtained in more than 80% of the marrow cultures. Moreover, morphological studies reveal that during incubation phenotypic changes related to osteogenic differentiation occur at the extracellular matrix as well within cell populations. Well banded collagen is synthesized. Matrix vesicles and needles of hydroxy-apatite crystals are observed via transmission electron microscopy. Osteoblast-like cells are present with membrane-associated alkaline phosphatase activity. The mineralization is specific for cultured bone marrow and is not observed in cultured spleen fragments as is shown via 85Sr uptake, calcein uptake and histomorphology. No inducing agent is added to the tissue culture medium except for 10% fetal calf serum, beta glycerophosphate (10(-2) M) and ascorbic acid. However, the prerequisite for obtaining mineralization is the three-dimensional structure of the marrow in culture. The in vitro organ culture we developed may provide the opportunity to identify which marrow cells have osteogenic potential and to investigate the mechanisms triggering differentiation towards osteogenesis. PMID- 3245959 TI - [A survey of the outbreak of dengue fever and evaluation of preventive effect]. PMID- 3245960 TI - [A study on infectivity of HBSAg positive saliva]. PMID- 3245961 TI - [A study on one strain of Brucella canis isolated from a cow at the first time]. PMID- 3245962 TI - [Functional bowel disorders in apparently healthy Chinese people]. PMID- 3245963 TI - [A causative factors study on primary hepatogenosis cancer (PHC)]. PMID- 3245965 TI - [The relationship between congenital malformation of newborn and hepatitis B virus infection of pregnant women]. PMID- 3245964 TI - [A survey of risk factors of colo-rectal cancer in high-incidence area Jia-san county]. PMID- 3245966 TI - [The development of the world view of education at the Pharmacy School of Charles University after the 17th meeting of the Czechoslovak Communist Party]. PMID- 3245967 TI - [A QSAR study of synthetic stimulators of growth of domestic animals on the basis of 6-amino-2-mercaptobenzothiazole]. PMID- 3245968 TI - [Pharmacologic characteristics of new triazolobenzodiazepine derivatives, triazolam and alprazolam]. PMID- 3245969 TI - [Formulation and local anesthetic activity of carbizocaine in collyria]. PMID- 3245970 TI - 14-Fluoroanthracyclines. Novel syntheses and antitumor activity. PMID- 3245971 TI - Studies on peptides. CLXIII. Synthesis of guinea pig vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (gVIP). PMID- 3245972 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of cholecystokinin-octapeptide. PMID- 3245973 TI - Heterocyclic quinones. XIII. Dimerization in the series of 5,8-quinazolinediones: synthesis and antitumor effects of bis(4-amino-5,8-quinazolinediones). PMID- 3245974 TI - Benzylpiperazine derivatives. VIII. Syntheses, antiulcer and cytoprotective activities of 1-(aminocarbonylalkyl)-4-benzylpiperazine derivatives and related compounds. PMID- 3245975 TI - Benzylpiperazine derivatives. IX. Structure-antiulcer activity studies of 1 (aminocarbonylalkyl)-4-benzylpiperazine derivatives by the adaptive least-squares method. PMID- 3245976 TI - Synthesis and effect on gastric secretion of several di- or tripeptides related to proglumide. PMID- 3245977 TI - Anti-inflammatory constituents of topically applied crude drugs. II. Constituents and anti-inflammatory effect of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. PMID- 3245978 TI - Substrate specificities of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidases I and II from squid liver. PMID- 3245979 TI - Characterization of mouse liver sialidase and partial purification of the lysosomal sialidase. PMID- 3245980 TI - Protection of bovine seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid (seryl-tRNA) synthetase from chemical modification by its substrates, and some kinetic parameters. PMID- 3245981 TI - A kinetic study of the crystallization process of noncrystalline indomethacin under isothermal conditions. PMID- 3245982 TI - Sustained-release and intragastric-floating granules of indomethacin using chitosan in rabbits. PMID- 3245983 TI - Liposomal sustained-release delivery systems for intravenous injection V. Biological disposition of liposome-entrapped lipophilic prodrug of 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine. PMID- 3245984 TI - Esterase-like activity of human serum albumin. VI. Reaction with p-nitrophenyl glycinate. PMID- 3245985 TI - Improvement of chemical instability of digitoxin in aqueous solution by complexation with beta-cyclodextrin derivatives. PMID- 3245986 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone on histidine decarboxylase activity in rat stomach. PMID- 3245987 TI - Novel phenoxyalkylamine derivatives. IV. Synthesis, Ca2+-antagonistic activity and quantitative structure-activity analysis of alpha-isopropyl-alpha-[3-[3-(3 methoxyphenoxy)propylamino]propyl]- alpha-phenylacetonitrile derivatives. PMID- 3245988 TI - Studies on organic fluorine compounds. LII. Synthesis and biological activity of 26,26,26,27,27-pentafluoro-1 alpha-hydroxy-27-methoxyvitamin D3. PMID- 3245989 TI - 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of rifampicin and 3 [(dimethylhydrazono)methyl]rifamycin SV. PMID- 3245990 TI - Two antimicrobial flavanones from the leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra. PMID- 3245991 TI - Analysis of saponins of wild Panax ginseng. PMID- 3245992 TI - Age- and exercise-related changes in the activities of thiol proteinases in rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 3245993 TI - Tissue distribution of sialoglycopeptide-bearing liposomes in rats. PMID- 3245994 TI - Alteration of immunolysis reaction on liposome membrane by various cholesterol analogues. PMID- 3245995 TI - Species difference in the in vitro metabolic reduction of acetohexamide. PMID- 3245996 TI - Cytotoxicities of autoxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids toward cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PMID- 3245997 TI - A new cytotoxic chlorine-containing polyacetylene from the callus of Panax ginseng. PMID- 3245998 TI - A 19F NMR study of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-galactose in mice. PMID- 3245999 TI - The antagonist effects of compounds derived from khellactone on platelet activating factor. PMID- 3246000 TI - Quantitative analysis of hemolytic action of lysophosphatidylcholines in vitro: effect of acyl chain structure. PMID- 3246001 TI - Phytochemical studies of seeds of medicinal plants. I. Two sulfated triterpenoid glycosides, sulfapatrinosides I and II, from seeds of Patrinia scabiosaefolia FISCHER. PMID- 3246002 TI - Structural elucidation of triptofordins F-1, F-2, F-3, and F-4, new sesquiterpenes polyesters from Tripterygium wilfordii HOOK fil. var. regelii MAKINO. PMID- 3246003 TI - Thermolysin-catalyzed synthesis of peptide amides. PMID- 3246004 TI - Synthesis of mimocin, an isoquinolinequinone antibiotic from Streptomyces lavendulae, and its congeners. PMID- 3246005 TI - Studies on peptides. CLXIV. Solutions-phase synthesis of a 36-residue peptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken antral peptide. PMID- 3246006 TI - Studies on dihydropyridines. III. Synthesis of 4,7-dihydrothieno [2,3-b] pyridines with vasodilator and antihypertensive activities. PMID- 3246007 TI - Studies on heterocyclic compounds. IX. Synthesis and antiallergic activity of furo[2,3-b] [1,8]naphthyridine-3,4(2H,9H)-diones and 4H-furo[2,3-d]pyrido [1,2 alpha]-pyrimidine-3,4(2H)-diones. PMID- 3246008 TI - Study on the bile salt sodium scymnol sulfate, from Rhizoprionodon acutus. PMID- 3246009 TI - Studies on the antihemorrhagic substances in herbs classified as hemostatics in Chinese medicine. IX. On the antihemorrhagic principles in Typha lactifolia L. PMID- 3246010 TI - Sparsomycin analogs. V. Synthesis and antitumor activity of (E)-beta-(pyrimidin-5 yl)acrylamides. PMID- 3246011 TI - Synthesis of 5-alkyl-4-oxazoleacetic acid derivatives with hypolipidemic activities. PMID- 3246012 TI - Studies on chemical constituents of antitumor fraction from Periploca sepium. V. Structures of new pregnane glycosides, periplocosides J, K, F and O. PMID- 3246013 TI - Anti-inflammatory constituents of topically applied crude drugs. III. Constituents and anti-inflammatory effect of Paraguayan crude drug "Tamanda cuna" (Catasetum barbatum LINDLE). PMID- 3246015 TI - Assay of adenosine deaminase in serum by flow-injection analysis with fluorescence detection. PMID- 3246014 TI - Metabolism of barbaloin by intestinal bacteria. PMID- 3246016 TI - New fluorogenic substrates for microdetermination of carboxypeptidase A. PMID- 3246017 TI - Potentiation of the cytotoxic activity of anti-cancer drugs against cultured L1210 cells by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin. PMID- 3246018 TI - Component analysis of protein-bound polysaccharide (SN-C) from Cordyceps ophioglossoides and its effects on syngeneic murine tumors. PMID- 3246019 TI - Dissociation of a glucan fraction (CO-1) from protein-bound polysaccharide of Cordyceps ophioglossoides and analysis of its antitumor effect. PMID- 3246020 TI - Interaction of malondialdehyde-modified bovine serum albumin and mouse peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 3246021 TI - Studies on the subunits of rabbit hepatic glutathione S-transferases. PMID- 3246022 TI - Iron release from ferritin and generation of hydroxyl radical in the reaction system of alloxan with reduced glutathione; a role of ferritin in alloxan toxicity. PMID- 3246023 TI - Salicylurate-hydrolyzing enzyme from intestinal bacterium in rabbit: purification and characterization. PMID- 3246024 TI - Salivary excretion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). III. Non-linear kinetics of salivary excretion of 5-FU following bolus intravenous administration in rats. PMID- 3246025 TI - Interactions in tissue distribution between methylphenidate and pemoline. II. Effects of methylphenidate or its metabolite on plasma and tissue concentrations of pemoline in the rat. PMID- 3246026 TI - Roles of oxygen in photochemical reaction of naphthols in aqueous nitrite solution and mutagen formation. PMID- 3246027 TI - Studies on the antihemorrhagic substances in herbs classified as hemostatics in Chinese medicine. VIII. On the antihemorrhagic principle in nelumbins receptaculum. PMID- 3246028 TI - Effect of N-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl Pro-Pro-Gly-Ala-Gly on calcium-induced arrhythmias. PMID- 3246029 TI - Evidence of chemical instability of phospholipids in liposomes. PMID- 3246030 TI - Effect of protoporphyrin on peroxidative damage of rat liver lysosomes. PMID- 3246031 TI - Estimation of the rates of available fraction for some 4-substituted acetophenone derivatives in the rat: reversible drug-metabolite pharmacokinetics. PMID- 3246032 TI - Thrombin-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation and its inhibition by LDL in porcine coronary arteries. PMID- 3246033 TI - Deprivation of the mutagenic property of quinoline: inhibition of mutagenic metabolism by fluorine substitution. PMID- 3246034 TI - Formation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, the well-known toxic metabolite of acetaminophen, by the reaction of acetaminophen with nitrite under model stomach conditions. PMID- 3246035 TI - Effects of flavonoids in hybrid membranes on the activity of tripeptide as an enzyme model and their inhibition of hybridoma growth in vitro. PMID- 3246036 TI - Interaction between drugs and water-soluble polymers. I. Binding of warfarin and 4-hydroxycoumarin with polyvinylpyrrolidone and acrylamide-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer. PMID- 3246037 TI - Computer screening and visualization of hydrophobic core of protein. PMID- 3246038 TI - New steroidal alkaloids from the Chinese herb drug, "bei-mu". PMID- 3246039 TI - Studies on the saponins of Lonicera japonica THUNB. PMID- 3246040 TI - Studies on the chemical modification of monensin. I. Synthesis and crystal structures of NaBr complexes of monensylamino acids. PMID- 3246041 TI - Amino acids and peptides. XXII. Synthesis of substrates and inhibitors of human leukocyte cathepsin G. PMID- 3246042 TI - Squamocin, a new cytotoxic bis-tetrahydrofuran containing acetogenin from Annona squamosa. PMID- 3246043 TI - Benzylpiperazine derivatives. X. Syntheses and structure--antiulcer activity relationship of 1-benzyl-4-piperazineacetic acid esters. PMID- 3246044 TI - Studies on analgesic oligopeptides. V. Structure--activity relationship of tripeptide alkylamides, Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-X. PMID- 3246045 TI - A cytotoxic flavone from Scoparia dulcis L. PMID- 3246046 TI - Kinetic assay of chymotrypsin with an ammonia gas-sensing electrode. PMID- 3246047 TI - Rapid measurement of phagocytosis by macrophages. PMID- 3246048 TI - Generation of alpha- and beta-kallikreins from porcine pancreatic prokallikrein by the action of trypsin. PMID- 3246049 TI - Dissolution and bioavailability of phenytoin in solid dispersion with phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 3246050 TI - The dehydration kinetics of theophylline monohydrate powder and tablet. PMID- 3246051 TI - Difference in saliva/plasma concentration ratio of endogenous urea between mandibular and parotid glands in dogs. PMID- 3246052 TI - Coating of pharmaceutical powders by fluidized bed process. IV. Softening temperature of acrylic copolymers and its relation to film-formation in aqueous coating. PMID- 3246053 TI - Release rates of indomethacin from commercial witepsol suppositories and the bioavailabilities in rabbits and pigs. PMID- 3246054 TI - Supersaturation mechanism of drugs from solid dispersions with enteric coating agents. PMID- 3246055 TI - Application of gel permeation chromatograph-low angle laser light scattering system to kinetic study on degradation of bioerodible polymers. PMID- 3246056 TI - Studies on peptides. CLXV.1,2) Combination of a new amide-precursor reagent and trimethylsilyl bromide deprotection for the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-based solid-phase synthesis of chicken antral peptide. PMID- 3246057 TI - Studies on peptides. CLXVI. Solid-phase syntheses and immunological properties of fragment peptides related to human hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and its pre-S2 gene. PMID- 3246058 TI - Antidepressant activity of new 3-amino-5-disubstituted benzylidene-6-methyl-(4H) pyridazine derivatives. PMID- 3246059 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of halogen-containing organic pharmaceuticals using 1,5-bis(6-methyl-4-pyrimidyl)carbazone. IV. PMID- 3246060 TI - Inhibitory effect of fumarate on growth of Bacteroides fragilis. PMID- 3246061 TI - [Bring the role of nursing command system into full play]. PMID- 3246062 TI - [Management of nursing at an intensive care unit]. PMID- 3246063 TI - [Psychological management of hospital nursing staffs]. PMID- 3246064 TI - [The coordination of scoliosis correction]. PMID- 3246065 TI - [The nursing care of patients with scoliosis correction]. PMID- 3246066 TI - [Experiences in the nursing care of patients pre and post otomicrosurgery]. PMID- 3246067 TI - [Extended surgical resections of locally diffuse colorectal carcinoma (clinical cases)]. AB - The authors report on a study population of extended operations for locally spread colon-rectum cancer in the Verona Surgical Clinic over the period from 1971 to 1987 (114 surgical demolitions for colon-rectum cancer out of a total of 1294 operations). They report an overall 5-year survival rate of 41% and a 3-year survival rate of 59% with a perioperative mortality rate of 1.75%. A number of aspects of such extended operations are discussed, and, in accord with most other reports in the literature, the authors confirm the validity of the choice of this type of surgery. PMID- 3246068 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems with traumatic lesions of the pancreas]. AB - The Authors report 6 cases of pancreatic traumas observed from january 1973 to december 1985, among 83 abdominal traumas operated on in the same period. They outline the frequence of associated abdominal lesions, which seems complicate the prognosis of these lesions. Problems of diagnostic approach of these traumas are discussed. The necessity of exeretic treatment in case of parenchimal rupture is stressed. PMID- 3246069 TI - [Design criteria for a computerized clinical database]. AB - The techniques of data management constitute a principal field in medical informatics, both for systems oriented to sole information retrieval, and basic systems for more sophisticated applications. The operative utility of a data base depends on a careful planning based on foreseen requirements, and on the observance of some methodological rules. Such as, a precised preliminary study for the selection of clinical data to include in the data base, the choice of better tools and methodologies for the data collection and the right programming of software for the management of the archives. The knowledge of these problems allows, in many cases, the programming of computerized data base to use efficiently in the management of clinical information and in the planning of research. These problems, which do not depend on the hardware used, are commonly found in these applications. However, they have to be solved either for the use of large data base in hospital, which run on mainframe, or for the archives of the department, which can be built by every clinician on his own personal computer. PMID- 3246070 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the stomach (case report)]. AB - The Authors show a case of a 68 year old woman underwent a successful operation for spontaneous stomach heavage. The linear solution of continuity, 5-6 cms long, was sutured on the small gastric curve. The treatment consisted in suturing the lesion and performing a decompressive gastrostomy. PMID- 3246072 TI - [Strangulated obturator hernia as a rare cause of intestinal obstruction (report of 2 cases)]. AB - The Authors report on tpo cases of strangulated obturator hernia observed in their department during the period 1977-1987 and successfully operated on by mid line laparotomy, both pith a diagnosis of occlusion of the small bowel. The Authors review the clinical signs and instrumental investigations which may be of use in reaching an early pre-operative diagnosis, which constitutes the only possibility of reducing the mortality associated with this condition. Particular attention is devoted to the somatic characteristics of the patients: elderly, thin, chronic bronchitic, hypertensive cardiopathic. In one of the two cases, there was a concomitant crural hernia. In both cases, which presented a picture of acute intestinal occlusion, the type of surgery opted for was a mid-line laparotomy. In one case, an ileal resection was performed. To close the orifice of the obturator canal, plain suture of the peritoneum was used in one case and a mersilene patch in the other. PMID- 3246071 TI - [A case of epithelial cyst of the spleen]. AB - The Authors report a rare case of an epithelial cyst of the spleen treated successfully by splenectomy. The nomenclature, the diagnostic techniques and the therapeutic principles are discussed. PMID- 3246073 TI - [Carcinoid of Meckel's diverticulum (a case associated with adenocarcinoma of the rectum)]. AB - The authors present a clinical case characterized by a rare combination of diseases: Meckel's diverticulum carcinoid and intestinal neoplasm. The clinical aspects and related implications are dealth with at some length, showing the relationship between these and tumour size as well as their importance in the therapeutic management and prognostic evaluation of the carcinoid tumour. PMID- 3246074 TI - Congenital and hereditary nail dystrophies--an embryological approach to classification. PMID- 3246075 TI - UVB phototherapy for psoriasis of skin type V. PMID- 3246076 TI - Diffuse angioma-like changes associated with chronic DIC. PMID- 3246077 TI - Aggressive ulcerative necrobiosis lipoidica associated with venous insufficiency, giant-cell phlebitis and arteritis. PMID- 3246078 TI - Two cases of nodular cutaneous amyloid with positive organ-specific antibodies, treated by shave excision. PMID- 3246079 TI - The clinical presentation of cutaneous angiolipomata and the response to beta blockade. PMID- 3246080 TI - Diffuse soft tissue calcifications (calcinosis cutis) in a patient with discoid lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3246081 TI - Pure cutaneous histiocytosis resembling sinus histiocytosis. PMID- 3246082 TI - Temporal arteritis presenting with scalp necrosis and a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. PMID- 3246083 TI - Discoid lupus erythematosus exacerbated by x-ray irradiation. PMID- 3246084 TI - Cutaneous gangrene with hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 3246085 TI - Naproxen pseudoporphyria in a patient with vitiligo. PMID- 3246086 TI - Drugs affecting Trichophyton rubrum-induced neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. PMID- 3246087 TI - Tinea imbricata in a British nurse. PMID- 3246088 TI - Sporotrichoid spread of Mycobacterium chelonei. PMID- 3246089 TI - Is keratosis pilaris another androgen-dependent dermatosis? PMID- 3246090 TI - Erythema multiforme occurring in association with lupus erythematosus during therapy with doxycycline. PMID- 3246092 TI - Anti-collagen antibodies in granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica. PMID- 3246091 TI - Anthralin and tar with UVB increase epidermal cell proliferation in asebia mice. PMID- 3246093 TI - Penicillamine-induced pseudo-pseudoxanthoma elasticum in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3246094 TI - Gravitational erythema. PMID- 3246095 TI - Collagenosis nuchae--a new entity? PMID- 3246096 TI - Scleredema of Buschke associated with multiple myeloma. PMID- 3246097 TI - Pseudosclerodermatous reaction to phytomenadione injection (Texier's syndrome). PMID- 3246099 TI - Cimetidine and natural killer cell activity. PMID- 3246098 TI - Oesophageal web formation in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. PMID- 3246100 TI - [A case of relapsing polychondritis with neurological symptoms and abnormal CSF findings]. PMID- 3246101 TI - [Ocular disturbance in dentato-pallido-luysian-atrophy (DRPLA)--neuro-otological study]. PMID- 3246102 TI - [Bilateral eyelid ptosis due to cerebral infarction]. PMID- 3246103 TI - [A case of sporadic polyneuropathy with tomacula demonstrating marked nerve conduction delay]. PMID- 3246104 TI - [Spinal myoclonus related to HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM)]. PMID- 3246105 TI - [A case of the primary pontine hemorrhage showing alpha-coma with the same EEG finding to the previous normal record]. PMID- 3246106 TI - [Quantitative analysis of characteristics of dysarthric speech based on sound spectrography]. PMID- 3246107 TI - [A case of syringomyelia with atypical neurological signs and myopathic changes in muscle morphology]. PMID- 3246108 TI - [A threshold method in diabetic neuropathy]. PMID- 3246109 TI - [Marfan's syndrome associated with a frontal arachnoid cyst]. PMID- 3246110 TI - [Oculomotor abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 3246111 TI - [Two adult cases of adrenoleukodystrophy with clinical features of striatonigral degeneration--a probable variant of adrenoleukodystrophy]. PMID- 3246112 TI - Indium-111 labeled purified granulocytes in the diagnosis of synthetic vascular graft infection. AB - Indium-111 labeled leukocytes have been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of synthetic vascular graft infection. To minimize the potential effects of labeled red blood cells and platelets on image interpretation, the authors prepared purified autologous granulocytes (PG) from 84 ml of blood using Volex enhanced gravity sedimentation and Ficoll-Hypaque double density centrifugation. The labeling efficiency of PG with In-111 tropolone was 90 +/- 9% (mean +/- SD). Imaging was performed 18-24 hours following injection of approximately 445 microcuries of In-111 PG in 26 patients with suspected infection of vascular grafts that had been implanted 12 days to 12 years prior to the study. In ten patients with proven graft infection, seven had positive In-111 PG scans. Ten of 11 patients without infection had negative scans. In five patients with clinically equivocal findings, scan results were positive in one, negative in one, and equivocal in three. A false-positive scan occurred in a patient with an uninfected inflammatory pseudoaneurysm of an aortic graft. These results confirm an earlier report that In-111 PG imaging is a useful technique in the diagnosis of synthetic vascular graft infection. PMID- 3246113 TI - Intra-abdominal abscess demonstrating an unusually large intra-abdominal pattern on an indium-111 leukocyte scan. AB - Indium-111 WBC imaging of a patient with occult septicemia revealed a large focal pattern of radiopharmaceutical distribution within the abdominal cavity at 24 hours post radiopharmaceutical administration. This finding was felt to represent a large intra-abdominal abscess. A five liter peritoneal abscess was found at surgery. This case illustrates an unusual presentation of an intra-abdominal abscess. PMID- 3246114 TI - A simplified low iodine diet in I-131 scanning and therapy of thyroid cancer. AB - A simplified, low iodine diet was developed for outpatient use prior to I-131 scanning and therapy in thyroid cancer. Iodine intake of five subjects on the diet was approximately 50 micrograms a day and this level was maintained for four weeks. The diet required only minimal instruction to be followed reliably. This level of iodine intake may increase radioiodine uptake in thyroid carcinomas. PMID- 3246115 TI - Non-osseous bone scan abnormalities in multiple myeloma associated with hypercalcemia. AB - Uptake of Tc-99m MDP by extraskeletal tissues is a rare, serendipitous finding during bone scanning studies. It can be clinically correlated with the presence of hypercalcemia in association with renal failure, as may occur in multiple myeloma. While the precise mechanism of non-osseous uptake of MDP is not certain, it may represent metastatic calcification based upon histological examination. A critical calcium-phosphate ion product appears to be requisite for deposition within soft tissues, and all cases in the literature for which data were available exceeded this ion product value. While MDP bone scanning is not generally useful in the diagnosis or staging of multiple myeloma, these findings may indicate secondary effects of the disease. The authors report the first case of liver, spleen, and lung uptake by MDP in a patient with hypercalcemia secondary to multiple myeloma, with a review of the literature. PMID- 3246117 TI - Ventilation/perfusion mismatch in interstitial fibrosis. AB - Regional pulmonary perfusion defects unmatched by ventilation loss, occurring in a patient with proven interstitial lung fibrosis, is reported. This condition is not a widely recognized cause of ventilation/perfusion mismatch. PMID- 3246116 TI - Rapid resolution of massive pulmonary embolism due to streptokinase therapy: documented by ventilation/perfusion imaging. AB - A case of massive pulmonary embolism is presented, with dramatic complete resolution within 36 hours due to anticoagulant and lytic therapy, documented by perfusion scintigraphy. PMID- 3246118 TI - Unilateral absence of ventilation and perfusion due to thoracic aortic aneurysm. AB - An elderly man presented with progressive atelectasis of the left lung, a mediastinal mass, and dilatation of the thoracic aorta. Ventilation and perfusion radionuclide lung scans revealed the complete absence of ventilation in the left lung and near-complete absence of perfusion. Evaluation by MRI and angiography showed an obstructing mediastinal "mass" to be a saccular aortic aneurysm. A thoracic aortic aneurysm should be a consideration in the differential diagnosis for unilateral decrease or absence of ventilation and perfusion with a history or findings of mediastinal mass or aneurysm. PMID- 3246119 TI - Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with the absence of technetium-99m MDP uptake of lungs. AB - The authors report a patient with alveolar microlithiasis who was treated for miliary tuberculosis eight years earlier and whose Tc-99m MDP scan revealed absent lung uptake. Diagnosis was established by bronchoalveolar lavage. Both the roentgenogram and computed tomography of the chest confirmed alveolar microlithiasis. PMID- 3246120 TI - Thoracic gallium uptake in patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis. AB - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) is a rare condition with histological similarities to Wegener's granulomatosis and malignant lymphoma. Characteristically there is an angiocentric, angiodestructive lymphoreticular cell infiltrate. The lungs are usually affected, and, less frequently, the skin, nervous system, kidney, and bowel are involved. The prognosis is poor and frank lymphoma develops, in some cases terminally. The usual radiological appearance of the lungs consists of bilateral nodular lower zone opacities. The authors report two patients (siblings) with LG, and their gallium scans are presented. In each case there was a significant accumulation of gallium in the lungs at times of clinically active disease. The limited role of gallium imaging in this disease is discussed. PMID- 3246121 TI - Visualization of a pseudomeningocele on isotope cisternography. AB - Pseudomeningocele, a hernial protrusion of the meninges, most commonly forms in wounds that have been incompletely closed at surgery. They are frequently seen with hydrocephalus, with or without increased intracranial pressure. The authors present a case of an incidental finding of a posterior fossa pseudomeningocele seen on cisternography that was performed because of postoperative hydrocephalus after removal of a cerebellar astrocytoma. PMID- 3246122 TI - Computerized liver imaging: relationship with quantitatively estimated histological parameters in liver cirrhosis. AB - In liver cirrhosis, increased splenic uptake of radiocolloid, causing the liver to-spleen (L/S) ratio to decrease, is a characteristic finding, especially during advanced illness. Histologically, advanced liver cirrhosis shows progressive replacement of hepatic parenchyma by fibrous tracts, making it possible to quantify both image and histological parameters. On this basis, the authors performed this study in 39 alcoholic cirrhotic patients in order to determine the relationship between the L/S ratio and right-to-left hepatic lobe ratio (RL/LL) and the degree of fibrosis, fat droplet area, total fat amount, and hepatocyte area. The authors tested if it is possible to predict the degree of fibrosis on the basis of image features or on a combination of image and biochemical parameters, using multiple correlation studies. The degree of fibrosis correlates with the L/S ratio (r = -0.48). The degree of correlation improved using prothrombin, gamma globulin and L/S ratio (r = 0.656), but not enough to allow an accurate estimation of the degree of fibrosis on the basis of a combination of imaging and biochemical data. Neither RL/LL nor L/S ratios significantly correlated with fatty infiltration, fat droplet area, or hepatocyte enlargement. Thus, liver imaging is not useful in quantifying the main histological changes observed in alcoholic liver cirrhosis. PMID- 3246123 TI - Unusual uptake of In-111 labeled platelets in a patient with polycythemia. PMID- 3246124 TI - Spectrum of appearance of hyperostosis frontalis interna on In-111 leukocyte scans. PMID- 3246125 TI - Gallium-67 uptake in cutaneous lepromatous lesions. PMID- 3246126 TI - Visualization of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by I-123 IMP. PMID- 3246127 TI - DUNCE: disc uptake, no calcification evident. PMID- 3246128 TI - Month-of-birth distribution of diabetics and ovopathy: a new aetiological view. AB - In a pilot study, on a hospital-based series consisting of 285 type 1 and 282 type 2 patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) we compared the month-of-birth with the standard birth curve. In accordance with a previous investigation on 23,620 diabetics in the Netherlands, we found an excess of DM births in the first quarter of the year (p less than 0.005) and a deficiency of them during the last one. This excess corresponds with conceptions during the spring restoration of the ovulatory pattern, this deficiency with conceptions during its winter stabilization. Identical peaks and troughs have been found in month-of-birth studies of individuals with chromosomal anomalies and with anencephaly. Similarly, ovopathy--which we consider a common cause for multiple anomalies--can explain the high incidence of DM in Down's syndrome as well as in other chromosomal aberrations, and its association with unusual dermatoglyphics. Furthermore, the ovopathy concept appears in line with the consistently found maternal age and parity effect, the discordancy in one-egg twins and the distortion of HLA-DR phenotype distribution in IDDM multiplex families. Although our conclusions must be guarded because of sample bias and doubts concerning precise classification, we found that the configurations were stronger in the type 2 DM sample. Ovopathy might prove to be the crucial environmental factor in the causation of IDDM--searched for by many scholars--and a common cause for both types. The HLA-DR haplotypes might rather be the "trigger", influencing the course and type of the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246129 TI - Leukocyte microbicidal activity assessed by chemiluminescence in elderly non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Leukocyte dysfunction may contribute to infection in the elderly diabetic. Leukocyte oxidative metabolism assessed by chemiluminescence, correlates with microbicidal activity, and may be impaired with hyperglycaemia and ageing. The leukocyte chemiluminescence response to zymosan +/- luminol was assessed in 12 healthy controls (3M, 9F), aged 69 +/- 5 (mean +/- SD) years and in 23 non insulin dependent diabetics, aged 68 +/- 5 years, before and after improving glycaemic control with sulphonylureas, when the glycosylated haemoglobin fell from 11.2 +/- 2.3 to 7.9 +/- 1.4% (p less than 0.001). The onset of maximal chemiluminescence with zymosan was similar in controls and diabetics, although the actual counts after improved glycaemic control were less in diabetic patients at all time points than initially (p range less than 0.025-less than 0.001) or when compared to the controls (p range less than 0.05-less than 0.005). Following luminal enhancement the onset and magnitude of maximum chemiluminescence was similar in all groups although an increase early response was observed in diabetics initially. We suggest that sulphonylureas may modify chemiluminescence by suppressing superoxide radical generation. Hyperglycaemic elderly non-insulin dependent diabetics may have subtle disturbances of the leukocyte oxidative burst but in general behave in a similar fashion to healthy elderly controls. PMID- 3246130 TI - Transient increase in basal insulin levels in severely diabetic rats submitted to physical training. AB - Physical training improves glucose homeostasis in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus. The present study has been designed to ascertain if this beneficial effect is maintained or lost after a few days of inactivity. Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg) and those presenting one week later a blood glucose value between 250 and 400 mg/dl were retained in the protocol and randomly assigned to a sedentary (n = 18) or trained group (n = 23). An I.V. glucose tolerance test (0.5 g/kg) was performed in previously cannulated rats 64 h (trained rats; n = 15) or 12 days (detrained rats, n = 8) after the last bout of exercise. In comparison with results obtained in their sedentary counterparts (419 +/- 15 mg/dl), basal glucose levels were significantly lower in trained (362 +/- 20; p less than 0.05), but not in detrained rats (429 +/- 15; NS). Similar differences in plasma glucose levels were observed after glucose loading, even though the glucose disappearance rate constant was not significantly improved by training. Furthermore, basal insulin levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in trained than in sedentary rats (20 +/- 3 vs 12 +/- 2 microU/ml) but such a difference had disappeared in detrained rats (9 +/- 2 microU/ml). These results indicate that the training-induced improvement in glucose homeostasis of diabetic rats is a transient phenomenon which is associated with an increase in circulating insulin levels. This suggests that the beneficial effect of training is not due solely to enhanced insulin sensitivity. PMID- 3246132 TI - Osteoarthrosis of the knee due to chronic posttraumatic insufficiency of the lateral ligament compartment. Eight-year follow-up. AB - The aim of the investigation was to examine and describe the osteoarthrotic changes that chronic, partial or complete lateral ligament compartment (LAT) insufficiency causes to the knee joint. Eleven patients with partial and 10 with complete, isolated rupture of the LAT had a clinical and radiological reexamination of the knee on an average eight years after the injury. In both groups the changes occurred frequently on the lateral side of the knee. The most characteristic findings were osteophytes and subchondral sclerosis of femoral and tibial lateral condyles, tibial eminence and patella, subchondral cysts as well as narrowing of lateral joint space. None of the patients in the group with partial, but 5 (50%) of those with complete insufficiency of the LAT suffered from a clear posttraumatic osteoarthrosis of the injured knee. In complete tears the total extent of these pathological changes per patient was fivefold compared to the patients with partial tear. PMID- 3246131 TI - Synovial oxygen partial pressure after experimental microtraumatic joint affection. AB - We have developed a method allowing the direct determination of the synovial oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in vivo by using puncture electrodes. The investigations were carried out on the knee joints of young adult rabbits. Immediately after a defined microtraumatization of the left knee joints, there was a decrease in the synovial pO2 down to an average of 72% of an initial value obtained from untreated control animals. But 42 and 84 days after loading, a significant rise in the synovial pO2 was detectable. The unloaded contralateral joints showed a slight consensual reaction. The dynamics of the synovial pO2 after the microtraumatization of joints is under discussion on the basis of results of micromorphological studies of the articular cartilage and the synovial membrane. PMID- 3246133 TI - Quantitative computed tomography of the rheumatic knee. AB - A good noninvasive means to quantitate the extent and course of bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is currently not available. We report on ways of assessing arthritic bone changes by means of quantitative computed tomography (QCT). The visualization of lesions and the quantitation of bone density diminutions are based on a stack of forty thin computed tomograms and 3D reconstructions. A pilot study shows that QCT may be a useful tool in the noninvasive assessment of the progression of RA and that it may help to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic procedures. PMID- 3246134 TI - Anteroposterior radiographic view of the knee. An unreliable indicator of bone damage. AB - The clinician and/or radiologist uses standard radiographic views to assess bony changes in the joints of patients with both potential and established arthritis. Using AP (standing) views, we recorded the number of osteophytes and/or subchondral cysts seen on both nonarthritic and arthritic tibial tables and their respective plateaus. These data were compared with the number of osteophytes and/or subchondral cysts observed on "en face" views taken of the same tibial tables after they were resected from the knee joints. Not all of the osteophytes or subchondral cysts present in these tibial tables were detected with the AP view. Narrow osteophytes and those located at extreme anterior or posterior positions on a plateau were missed. Single cysts scattered across a plateau were also not seen. We found that the standard AP view gave an inaccurate measure of the amount of bone damage actually present in the tibial tables of arthritic knees. PMID- 3246135 TI - Effect of vitamin A treatment on immune reactivity and lipid peroxidation in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Patients with Sjogren's syndrome were treated with vitamin A (100,000 U) daily during a two-week period. The vitamin treatment significantly elevated their ADCC and NK activity. The lymphocyte blast transformation, however was not noticeably changed. After the treatment, the retinyl-ester and retinol level of the plasma significantly increased as did the plasma level of vitamin E. The level of TBA reactive substances (malondialdehyde) in the plasma increased, whilst the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity of erythrocytes decreased. The activity of the plasma glutathione peroxidase increased, but not significantly. PMID- 3246136 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and auto-immune hearing loss. A case study. PMID- 3246137 TI - Immune-mediated panniculitis, mimicking pancreatic-disease-associated fat necrosis. AB - A fifty-seven-year-old woman had been suffering from chronic nodules on both legs for 17 years. The histologic findings have suggested pancreatic-disease associated fat necrosis. Up to now, however, no pancreatic disorder has been found and several biological clues indicate that a more plausible explanation may be an immune-mediated injury of the panniculus. PMID- 3246138 TI - Pure red-cell aplasia in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A woman with SLE of six years duration developed severe anaemia which was characterized by severe bone marrow erythroid hypoplasia; no deficiencies could be found to explain this finding. Antibodies against erythroid progenitors are a likely cause of this anaemia, which completely resolved after transfusion of packed red-cells. PMID- 3246139 TI - Benign hypergammaglobulinemic purpura in a patient with ulcerative colitis and peripheric arthritis. AB - A 32-year-old patient is described presenting with ulcerative colitis and oligoarthritis who later developed benign hypergammaglobulinemic purpura. This diagnosis was confirmed by clinical investigation, immunological findings as well as by histological and immunofluorescent examination. He was successfully treated with steroids and azathioprin. The relevant literature is reviewed. PMID- 3246140 TI - A double-blind parallel group comparative study of lonazolac-calcium and diclofenac in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3246141 TI - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3246142 TI - DNA probe reactivity of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates from patients without AIDS. AB - Mycobacterium avium complex isolates from 27 patients without AIDS and from 76 patients with AIDS were analyzed with the Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System for Mycobacterium avium complex, and a retrospective chart review was performed to determine clinical significance of the isolates. While 87% of isolates from AIDS patients reacted only with the M. avium probe, only 37% from non-AIDS patients were M. avium probe positive (p less than 0.001). This pattern among non-AIDS patients was also observed among the 13 patients from whom isolates were considered to be clinically significant. Reactivity to both probes occurred with three isolates, two from non-AIDS patients that were not clinically significant and one from an AIDS patient. Results of further testing suggested that these represented dual infection with two coexisting strains. Awareness of the differences in DNA probe reactivity between isolates from AIDS and non-AIDS patients may influence testing strategies in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 3246143 TI - Antimicrobial activity of MDL 19,592: an oral cephalosporin. AB - MDL 19,592, a semisynthetic oral cephalosporin, has an antimicrobial spectrum principally directed against Gram-positive cocci (MIC50, 0.25-4 micrograms/ml), Branhamella catarrhalis (MIC50, 1-2 micrograms/ml), and pathogenic Neisseria spp. such as meningococci (MIC50, 4 micrograms/ml). Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, Pseudomonas spp., Corynebacterium jeikeium, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strains had MDL 19,592 MIC50 of greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml. Although MDL 19,592 generally had a spectrum most similar to cefadroxil, it could not be represented by the cephalothin susceptibility test because of low predictive values and MIC correlations. PMID- 3246144 TI - Primary pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium terrae complex. AB - The Mycobacterium terrae complex, consisting of three saprophytic species, M. terrae, M. nonchromogenicum, and M. triviale, rarely causes human disease. Only six cases of respiratory infection involving the complex have been documented worldwide. A case of primary pulmonary disease in a previously healthy young woman caused by M. terrae complex is described. PMID- 3246145 TI - Commercially available technique for rapid laboratory detection of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The MRS test is a commercially available test for detection of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was compared to standard techniques for efficacy and speed. Among 119 S. aureus strains tested (71 resistant to methicillin), it detected 90% of MRSA strains in 4 hr. The MRS test may have a role as a rapid screening test for MRSA in selected situations. PMID- 3246146 TI - Evidence for inhibitory activity against cell proliferation in bovine liver. AB - Bovine calf liver was homogenized in 0.1M NH4Ac, pH 7.4, and centrifuged. The supernatant was lyophilized and resuspended in 44 mM NaHCO3. After size exclusion chromatography on sephacryl S-300, a fraction of approximately 100 to 160 kDa was shown to inhibit the proliferation of rat L6 myoblasts in culture. The inhibitory activity was abolished when the resuspended preparation was heated at 70 C for 30 min before testing in L6 cell proliferation assay. Addition of 10(-9)M IGF-I did not influence the inhibitory response. Two IGF-I-binding proteins, 30 and 36 kDa, were identifiable in this fraction. These two proteins were more evident in other fractions in which no inhibitory activity was found. Inhibitory activity was not associated with IGF-I binding proteins. PMID- 3246147 TI - Effects of estradiol on secretion of LH, hypothalamic function and testicular development in bull calves. AB - Two experiments were conducted in order to determine the effects of estradiol (E2) on the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in bull calves. In experiment 1, calves were assigned randomly to one of the following groups: 1) intact, 2) intact E2-treated, 3) castrated, or 4) castrated E2 treated. Treatments began when the calves were 7.5 wk of age and continued for 16.5 wk. Samples of blood were collected once a week from 3 to 14 wk of age and every 10 min for 6 hr at 8, 12 and 16 wk of age. Concentrations of E2 in plasma decreased between 3 and 4 wk of age and were further reduced by castration. Maximum concentrations of E2 (24.3 pg/ml) were observed 72 hr after insertion of E2 implants, however, plasma E2 stabilized at 5.9 pg/ml by 2 wk after insertion of E2 implants. Treatment with E2 eliminated the pulsatile secretion of LH in intact and castrated calves and retarded testicular growth. In experiment 2, calves were assigned to a control (n = 4) or E2-treated (n = 6) group. Implants of E2 were inserted at 7.5 wk of age. At 24 wk of age, calves were bled and then sacrificed to collect hypothalamic and pituitary tissues. Age-related changes in testicular weight and secretion of LH were blocked by E2. Neither the morphology nor the intensity of immunostaining of GnRH nerve cell bodies in the preoptic area (POA) were affected by E2. However, the density of GnRH fibers and beads in the stalk median eminence (SME), and concentrations of pituitary GnRH receptors were greater (P less than .01) in E2-treated compared to control calves. In addition, concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) in the SME were lower in E2 treated calves when compared to controls. Based on these observations, it is concluded that administration of E2 at 7.5 wk of age causes profound alterations in hypothalamic function including, changes in metabolism of NE and suppression of GnRH release. PMID- 3246148 TI - The influence of exogenous pituitary growth hormone on the ovulatory response to PMSG and hCG and the LH response to estradiol benzoate in prepubertal gilts. AB - Two experiments were performed to examine the influence of exogenous growth hormone on the reproductive axis in gilts. Experiment one employed 26 Yorkshire X Landrace prepubertal gilts, which were selected at 150 d and 86.5 +/- 1.5 kg bodyweight (BW) and assigned equally to two treatments. Gilts received injections of either porcine growth hormone at 90 micrograms/kg BW, or vehicle buffer, from 150 to 159 d. At 154 d gilts received 500 IU PMSG, followed 96 hr later by 250 IU hCG. Gilts were slaughtered at 163 days and their ovaries recovered to determine ovulatory status. In each treatment, 2/13 gilts failed to show any ovarian response to PMSG/hCG. All remaining control gilts ovulated and their ovaries appeared morphologically normal. In gilts receiving exogenous growth hormone, fewer ovaries (4/11, P less than .01) appeared morphologically normal. The ovaries of all other growth hormone injected gilts had very large (12-25 mm) non luteinized follicles. In experiment two, 20 prepubertal Yorkshire X Landrace gilts were selected at 138 days and 85 kg BW. These gilts received injections of growth hormone at 90 micrograms/kg BW (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 11) from 138 to 147 days. At 143 days, all gilts were given an injection of estradiol benzoate (EB) at 15 micrograms/kg BW. Blood samples were taken at the time of EB injection, at 24 and 36 hr and then at 6 hr intervals until 78 hr. All samples were assayed for serum LH concentrations. The EB induced LH peak height was lower (P less than .04) in gilts receiving exogenous growth hormone than in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246150 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of biliary tract stones. PMID- 3246149 TI - Determination of circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) in swine. AB - A heterologous radioimmunoassay system was developed for the determination of circulating IGF-II concentrations in swine. The assay utilized a monoclonal antibody against human IGF-II (Amano Intl. Ez, VA) and bovine IGF-II (Monsanto Co., MO) as the cold standard and iodinated ligand. Serial dilutions of acid ethanol extracted normal swine sera resulted in a curve which was parallel to the bovine IGF-II standard curve. Recovery of unlabeled standard added to extracted swine sera was 101%. Neither IGF-I nor insulin were capable of cross-reacting in this assay at levels up to 100-fold excess. Using this assay, serum IGF-II levels were determined to be significantly lower when subnormal growth hormone (GH) levels existed such as in hypophysectomized swine. However, in contrast to serum IGF-I concentrations, supranormal levels of porcine GH (pGH) did not elevate serum IGF-II concentrations after 13 wk of treatment in 25 kg hogs (initial body wt). In addition, serum IGF-II levels were reduced in fasted swine, despite a significant increase in circulating GH concentrations. Thus, although normal concentrations of GH are required for maintenance of physiological levels of IGF II in swine, the mechanism for stimulation of IGF-II secretion is less GH dependent than IGF-I. PMID- 3246151 TI - How to evaluate a surgical article: how much do "statistics" help? PMID- 3246152 TI - Spontaneous infarcts in fibroadenomas of the breast. PMID- 3246153 TI - Pyloroplasty divides the efferent right gastroepiploic nerve. PMID- 3246154 TI - Effect of superoxide dismutase and catalase infusion at reflow on cardiopulmonary function after lung ischemia in dogs breathing room air. PMID- 3246155 TI - Prolonged survival times with induction of hypothermia after severe hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 3246156 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cell activity in patients with cancer of the pancreas. PMID- 3246157 TI - Does a localized intra-abdominal abscess produce a positive peritoneal lavage? PMID- 3246159 TI - The use of compliance in predicting early mortality after inhalation injury. PMID- 3246158 TI - The effects of maturity and timed ischemia on survival rates in necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 3246161 TI - Who should be the responsible surgeon in the surgical intensive care unit? PMID- 3246160 TI - Effects of ischemia on breast tumor steroid hormone-receptor levels. PMID- 3246162 TI - Nifedipine inhibits cholecystokinin-induced gallbladder contraction. PMID- 3246163 TI - Quantitative analysis of regional systolic function with left ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 3246164 TI - Diaphragmatic function after cholecystectomy: effect of incentive spirometry. PMID- 3246165 TI - The effect of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation on the intracellular cardiac glutathione redox system. PMID- 3246166 TI - Once daily ceftriaxone versus multiple comparative drugs. Workshop, 6th Mediterranean Congress of Chemotherapy. Taormina (Italy), May 22-27, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3246168 TI - Comparative study of ceftriaxone and cefoperazone in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. AB - Forty patients with acute cholecystitis were divided into two randomized groups on the basis of the emergency antimicrobial therapy received, and were treated for a period of 5 days. The first group was given ceftriaxone (Rocephin), the second cefoperazone (Cefobis). This concomitant antimicrobial treatment of acute cholecystitis proved to be effective in 85% of the patients; 15% underwent 'a chaud' surgery on the 6th day because of a lack of response to the treatment. Ceftriaxone and cefoperazone proved to be equally effective. Use of ceftriaxone, however, was simpler (one injection a day) and the cost of treatment substantially lower. PMID- 3246167 TI - Ceftriaxone alone compared to ampicillin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. AB - One hundred patients (71 males and 29 females) with bacterial meningitis were randomly assigned into two therapeutic regimens. Patients in group I were intravenously given ceftriaxone (CRO: Rocephin) to adults and intramuscularly to children once daily in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Patients in group II received ampicillin 160 mg/kg/day and chloramphenicol (AMCL) 100 mg/kg/day (i.v. to adults and i.m. to children) every 6 h. No significant difference was observed between the two therapeutic regimens with regard to mortality, time taken to become afebrile, fully alert and sequelae. Seven patients in the CRO group died compared to 10 in the AMCL group. The mean number of days taken to become afebrile were 3.4 and 3.5, and to become fully alert 3.9 and 3.5 for groups I and II, respectively. CRO administered in a single daily dose appears to be as effective as a combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol given every 6 h in the treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. However, the once daily dose is more appropriate for use especially in areas where nursing care is limited. PMID- 3246169 TI - Short-term treatment of streptococcal tonsillitis with ceftriaxone. AB - The short-term therapy of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis and scarlet fever with ceftriaxone (Rocephin) is reported. Sixty children, in whom the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by rapid enzyme immunoassay and smear test, were divided into two randomized groups and treated with a single dose of 50 mg/kg ceftriaxone or 50 mg/kg ceftriaxone on 3 consecutive days. Clinical cure was obtained in 100% of the patients and pharyngeal sterilization in 95%, with no significant differences between the two groups. PMID- 3246170 TI - Single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone as compared to 7-day amoxicillin therapy for acute otitis media in children. A double-blind clinical trial. AB - Fifty-two children (mean age 23 months) with acute otitis media were treated randomly with either a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 50 mg/kg (27 patients) or 7 days of amoxicillin 12.5 mg/kg t.i.d. (25 patients). The rate of resolution of acute symptoms and incidence of recurrences and relapses during the first months after commencement of the therapy was similar in the two groups. One week following the start of treatment no difference was observed in the proportion of patients with tympanometric evidence of middle ear effusion (MEE) in either of the two groups. On day 30, however, significantly more patients from the ceftriaxone group had flat tympanograms-83% as compared to 47% in the amoxicillin group. Therefore, single-dose ceftriaxone therapy cannot be suggested at present as routine therapy for acute otitis, although it may be considered a reasonable alternative in noncompliant patients. PMID- 3246171 TI - [Evaluation of up-to-date methods used in the treatment of children with Ewing's sarcoma]. PMID- 3246173 TI - [Various therapeutic problems of patients with quadriplegia caused by "high" injury of the spinal cord in the cervical segment of the spine]. PMID- 3246172 TI - [Extraspinal sciatica]. PMID- 3246174 TI - [A complex method of preparing patients with scoliosis for surgical treatment]. PMID- 3246175 TI - [Evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of degenerative changes in the knee joint]. PMID- 3246176 TI - [Results of late synovectomy of the knee joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3246177 TI - [Computer analysis of the results of the treatment of fractures and pseudarthroses using the "Zespol" method]. PMID- 3246178 TI - [Pseudarthrosis of the lateral condyle of the humerus]. PMID- 3246179 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of fractures of the olecranon]. PMID- 3246180 TI - [Contribution to the treatment of congenital radio-ulnar synostosis]. PMID- 3246181 TI - [A new version of a skull clamp of our design]. PMID- 3246182 TI - [Carotid endarterectomy in vertebrobasilar insufficiency syndromes. The need for a precise classification of symptoms]. PMID- 3246183 TI - [Surgical treatment of vascular impotence by arterialization of the dorsal vein of the penis. Experience of 292 cases]. PMID- 3246184 TI - [A test for superoxide dismutase (Cu Zn SOD) in the treatment of Crohn disease]. PMID- 3246185 TI - [Villous tumors of the duodenum]. PMID- 3246186 TI - [Endemic cretinism and basal ganglia calcification]. PMID- 3246187 TI - [Therapeutic efficacy of a calcium and magnesium preparation in 41 cases of endemic fluorosis]. PMID- 3246188 TI - [Electrocardiographic peak mapping in determining the location and size of myocardial infarction--experience with 61 cases]. PMID- 3246189 TI - [Clinical application of plasma cryoprecipitation]. PMID- 3246190 TI - [Primary gastric malignant lymphoma: a clinical analysis of 32 cases]. PMID- 3246191 TI - [Microscopy of biliary crystalline solids in predicting the chemical composition of gallstones]. PMID- 3246192 TI - [The diagnostic value of platelet malondialdehyde/malondialdehyde-a in blood in hypercoagulable states and thrombotic diseases]. PMID- 3246193 TI - [Cryptosporidium enteritis and subclinical infection at a department of infectious disease]. PMID- 3246194 TI - [The clinical and serologic investigation in 15 cases of Lyme disease]. PMID- 3246195 TI - [Preliminary investigation on the changes of osmolarity in 35 cases of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 3246196 TI - Cyanide compounds in biology. PMID- 3246197 TI - Beat-to-beat blood pressure response in asymptomatic IDDM subjects. AB - Nine insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients (aged 25-37 yr) with no symptoms of autonomic neuropathy and 15 healthy control subjects (aged 26-39 yr) were studied at rest and during tests of Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing, cold pressor, and postural change from sitting to standing. Continuous (beat-to-beat) measures were taken of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and skin conductance. The diabetic patients were differentiated from the control group by the following: less variability in diastolic blood pressure during deep breathing, failure to exhibit diastolic blood pressure decreases during recovery from a cold pressor stimulus, a flatter blood pressure response pattern when changing from sitting to standing, and a smaller standing ratio (maximum/minimum) for R-R interval. Among the patients, age was negatively correlated with systolic and diastolic standing ratios and diastolic blood pressure variability during deep breathing. By use of the tracking cuff, a method of continuously recording blood pressure noninvasively, we have been able to assess subtle blood pressure changes, thereby revealing signs of sympathetic dysfunction in a group of relatively young diabetic patients with no symptoms of neuropathy. The tracking-cuff method of recording blood pressure has potential in further research on autonomic functioning in diabetic patients. PMID- 3246199 TI - Identifying sources of error in self-monitoring of blood glucose. PMID- 3246198 TI - Hyperzincuria in IDDM women. Relationship to measures of glycemic control, renal function, and tissue catabolism. AB - Eighteen women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 15 nondiabetic women participated in a study of the relationship of zincuria to measures of glycemic control, renal function, and tissue catabolism. In the IDDM women, mean +/- SE glycosylated hemoglobin was 9.8 +/- 0.5%, and fasting plasma glucose was 189 +/- 19 mg/dl; duration of diabetes averaged 15 yr. In comparison with control women, the IDDM women excreted four times as much zinc in the urine. However, the total plasma zinc concentration was significantly higher in the IDDM than in the control women (14.7 vs. 13.4 microM). The increased urinary zinc loss in the IDDM women was not related to urine volume, urinary glucose excretion, fasting plasma glucose concentration, percent glycosylated hemoglobin, or an increased glomerular filtration rate. Total urinary protein losses were four times higher in the IDDM women than in the control women, and these urinary protein losses correlated with the urinary zinc losses (P less than .007). There was no relationship between urinary zinc and the excretion of any of the amino acids, urea, or ammonia. The results of this study show that hyperzincuria in diabetes is not associated with lower plasma zinc levels. An increased zinc absorption, decreased intestinal zinc excretion, or increased tissue catabolism may support higher plasma zinc levels. PMID- 3246200 TI - Hypouricemia in NIDDM patients. PMID- 3246201 TI - Psychological predictors of glucose control in patients with IDDM. PMID- 3246202 TI - Laboratory evaluation of new reusable blood glucose sensor. AB - An enzyme-electrode sensor designed specifically for pocket-portable self monitoring of blood glucose is described. The sensing device in this instrument is unique because it is reusable for at least 30 days, at which time it is easily replaced by placing a new enzyme-membrane cartridge over the electrode. As little as 7 microliters of undiluted whole blood, plasma, or serum is applied directly to the sensor, and glucose is automatically determined in 30 s. No manual timing or wiping step is required after sample application. On eight production instruments, plasma glucose concentration was determined (n = 20) at 57, 125, 246, and 347 mg/dl. The average coefficient of variation for the 80 determinations for each instrument ranged from 2 to 5%, averaging 3.7%. The instrument is inherently linear, independent of hematocrit, and without oxygen limitation when dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 35 mmHg. No interferences were found from plasma constituents, heparin, or acetaminophen. PMID- 3246203 TI - Method for estimating confidence levels for measurements by blood glucose monitoring systems. AB - A joint conference on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has proposed that all glucose monitoring systems generate values that are within 10% of the actual blood glucose level 100% of the time. To estimate the confidence limits of blood glucose measurements made in a typical university ambulatory care setting and to ascertain whether they met the proposed standard, we performed duplicate determinations of blood glucose using a reflectance meter and applied to the measurements a method for calculating the closeness of measured values to a "true" mean. Based on paired measurements in 100 consecutive diabetic subjects, we were able to show that one measurement would be within 11.9% of a true mean value 95% of the time and within 8.4% of the mean 90% of the time. The 95 and 90% confidence limits for the average of two repeated measurements were calculated to be 8.4 and 5.9%, respectively. Our methodology can be applied to any set of SMBG values to calculate their confidence limits and to determine whether the measurements meet recommended standards. PMID- 3246204 TI - Vomiting during OGTT in third trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 3246205 TI - Topical hyperbaric oxygen for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. PMID- 3246206 TI - Hypertension and nephropathy in the diabetic patient. Proceedings of a symposium. 12 January 1988, Palm Desert, California. PMID- 3246207 TI - In vitro anti-Leishmanial activity of compounds in current clinical use for unrelated diseases. AB - Drugs in current clinical use were tested for anti-Leishmania activity using an in vitro infected macrophage assay. Out of almost 400 compounds tested, over 100 were active. The most active compounds showed ED50 values below 1 microM concentration. It is concluded that the active compounds should receive testing in the in vivo system. In addition they will act as lead compounds for further synthetic programmes. PMID- 3246208 TI - A high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of FCE 22101, a novel penem antimicrobial, in serum. AB - FCE 22101 (sodium [5R, 6S, 8R]-6-alpha-hydroxyethyl-2-carbamoyloxymethyl-2- penem 3-carboxylate) is a new penem antimicrobial with a broad spectrum of activity. In order to investigate the pharmacokinetics of FCE 22101 in human volunteers, a high performance liquid chromatographic assay has been developed for determining concentrations of FCE 22101 in serum. Serum samples were deproteinised with an equal volume of acetonitrile followed by centrifugation. The supernatant was then diluted with an equal volume of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and 50 microliters was applied to the separation column. Chromatographic separation of FCE 22101 was achieved using an SP8700 solvent delivery system (Spectra-Physics), an SP8780XR autosampler (Spectra-Physics) and a reverse-phase C18 mu-BondaPak column (8 X 100 mm) radially compressed in a Z module (Millipore, UK). The mobile phase consisted of a water, methanol and orthophosphoric acid mixture (74:25:1), which was filtered through a 0.22 micron filter and de-gassed under vacuum prior to use. The flow rate was 1.4 ml/min and FCE 22101 was detected in the column eluant using an LC871 UV-Vis detector set at 318 nm. The data were analysed using an SP4270 integrator (Spectra-Physics). The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay method was 0.8 mg/l and recovery from deproteinised serum was of the order of 70%. Intra-assay variation was less than 5% and inter-assay variation was less than 10%. PMID- 3246209 TI - A micromethod for determination of antimicrobial agents in bone. AB - A microtechnique, requiring very small amounts of tissue material, was developed for assay of antimicrobial agents in bone. Without previous homogenization or extraction, small bone pieces (mean weight 0.014 g) from human subjects and pigs were placed into wells in agar plates preinoculated with the test strain. Round and distinct zones of inhibition were formed around the pieces. Standards for ampicillin and flucloxacillin were prepared from freeze-dried bone pieces from human subjects and pigs with known amounts of antibiotics as well as in human plasma and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Curves obtained from these standards were linear. Bone pieces from human and pig maxilla gave superimposable curves, but differed from curves obtained in plasma or PBS. The method was used in a pharmacokinetic study of bacampicillin in human maxillary bone and plasma. Bacampicillin tablets (2 X 400 mg) were given to patients before oral surgery. Standardized bone pieces and plasma samples were obtained at different times during surgery. The peak ampicillin concentrations estimated from the population curves were 8.0 mg/l in plasma and 1.1 mg/l in maxillary bone. The elimination half-life of ampicillin was similar in plasma and maxillary bone. PMID- 3246210 TI - A study of fucidin uptake in ischaemic tissues. AB - Twenty-five patients undergoing vascular surgery were given Fucidin 500 mg t.d.s. for the 3 days prior to surgery. Serum and fat levels obtained at the time of surgery show that the antibiotic is well absorbed and penetrates relatively ischaemic tissues. The levels obtained greatly exceed the MIC for Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3246211 TI - Clinical efficacy of carumonam. AB - Carumonam is a new N-sulfo-beta-lactam antibiotic active against aerobic Gram negative bacteria. An open study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerance of carumonam with either 1 g t.i.d. (group A) or 2 g t.i.d. (group B) in bacterial septicaemia or severe sepsis. A total of 24 patients (14 men and 10 women) were included in the study, their ages ranged from 48-87 years (mean age 59). Eighteen patients were treated for bacteraemia, three for bronchopneumonia, two for urinary tract infection and one for a subphrenic abscess; seven were in group A and fourteen in group B; three were treated with a variable regimen. The pathogens isolated included E. coli [10], Klebsiella aerogenes [9], Enterobacter cloacae [3], Citrobacter freundii [2], Pseudomonas spp. [4], Providence stuartii [2], Serratia marcescens [1] and Haemophilus influenzae [1]. Clinical improvement occurred in all patients in both groups. One patient in group A and four patients in group B required further antibiotic therapy. The overall clinical cure rate was 84% and the bacteriological cure rate was 72%. Supra-infection occurred in three patients and adverse reactions attributable to carumonam were seen in two patients: diarrhoea (in one), and aggravation of renal failure in the other. Carumonam is well tolerated at both the dosage regimens; it is effective in the treatment of aerobic Gram-negative sepsis. PMID- 3246212 TI - Cinoxacin vs trimethoprim--safety and efficacy in the prophylaxis of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. AB - This study reports the results of long-term (24 weeks) low-dose prophylaxis in 26 young female patients suffering from recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). The patients were randomized in a double-blind manner to treatment with 100 mg trimethoprim (TMP, 12 patients) or 500 mg cinoxacin (CNO, 14 patients) at bedtime. The duration of prophylaxis in the TMP group was 2016 and in the CNO group 2352 days. Blood chemistry, haematological and urinary parameters were closely monitored during treatment and the latter were followed for a further 4-6 weeks. The prophylactic efficacy of the drugs was equal and significant (p less than 0.05). In the TMP group one recurrence and in the CNO group two recurrences occurred during treatment, two recurrences being observed in each group during the follow-up period of 4-6 weeks. Trimethoprim is well documented and widely used; cinoxacin provides a new alternative for long-term prophylaxis. PMID- 3246214 TI - Effect of erdosteine and its metabolites on tracheobronchial mucus production and transport. AB - The effect of erdosteine and its metabolites on tracheobronchial mucus production and transport was studied. Erdosteine showed important muco-regulating action (increase of mucus production), and also influenced muciliary clearance. Erdosteine, after intravenous administration, was more active than the muco regulating drugs used for comparative purposes (about 4 times as active as N acetyl-cysteine; about 1.8 times as active as sobrerol and bromexine; and about 1.4 times as active as ambroxol). After oral administration erdosteine showed significant action on mucus production, causing an effect quantitatively the same as that produced by bromexine. Erdosteine and its metabolites also increased TMV in pigeons after intravenous administration. Moreover, erdosteine and its metabolites were significantly active and their acute toxicity was extremely low. PMID- 3246213 TI - Pharmacokinetics and renal accumulation of three iodinated contrast agents. A comparative study of Telebrix, Hexabrix and Omnipaque in the rabbit. AB - Male and female New Zealand rabbits were given a single bolus injection of 5 ml/kg of Telebrix, Hexabrix or Omnipaque intravenously. Animals were sacrificed 2, 8 and 24 h after the injection. One group of animals received a continuous i.v. infusion of contrast medium at a constant rate of 2.5 ml/kg/h for 4 h. Animals from this group were killed 30 min after the end of the infusion. Product clearance from plasma was studied in the animals given the i.v. bolus of contrast material and sacrified at 24 h postinjection. Plasma and tissue concentrations of contrast material were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma elimination half-lives were identical in males and females and for all three products (approximately 45 min). The same held true for the volume of distribution which comprised between 20 and 26% of body weight. At 2 h postinjection, renal cortical concentrations of contrast medium were 8 to 10 times higher than plasma concentrations. For all three contrast agents, concentrations found in the renal cortex were higher than those in the medulla or the papilla at all observation times. As compared with the evolution of plasma concentrations over time, renal accumulation of the products was found to be persistent. The ionic or non-ionic nature of the tested products and their hydrophilic properties seem to play an essential role in the renal accumulation pattern. PMID- 3246216 TI - Pathological brain ageing: evaluation of the efficacy of a pharmacological aid. AB - The efficacy of a molecule active at metabolic, neurotransmitter and membrane levels was evaluated in a group of 20 patients with typical involutional symptoms, who came under the care of the rehabilitation therapist for their concomitant decrease of motor activities. All subjects were treated with 1.5 g/day L-acetylcarnitine per os for 6 months, and subjected to the evaluation of cognitive ability (MMS), depression (HDRS), and behavioral and self-sufficiency performances (SCAG), at baseline (t0), after 90 days (t1), and after 180 days (t2). Whereas the basal evaluation showed disorders at all levels, the treatment gave a statistically significant improvement of all performances at both t1 and t2, achieving an effective recovery of the patients' quality of life, an improved participation in family and social life, and a diminished inertness in motor activity, which was the reason why they were studied. PMID- 3246215 TI - A single-blind study of clocapramine and sulpiride in hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - The therapeutic effects, safety and side-effects of clocapramine and sulpiride were evaluated in 52 hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients using a single blind method during an 8-week trial period. While the final global improvement rating showed clocapramine to be superior to sulpiride, the differences were not statistically significant. The time course of the total psychiatric rating scales (PRS) showed a progressive decline during treatment for both drugs, and at the end of treatment clocapramine proved significantly lower in total PRS than did sulpiride. In the improvement of psychotic symptoms, clocapramine seemed to be superior to sulpiride with respect to motor retardation, delusion, hallucination or disturbance of self-consciousness, social isolation or withdrawal, and recreation or work. Side-effects appeared more frequently with clocapramine than with sulpiride, but abnormal laboratory-test results appeared less in clocapramine-treated patients than in sulpiride-treated ones. Neither side effects nor abnormal laboratory-test results induced by the two drugs were severe enough to terminate administration. Clocapramine is concluded to have a more favourable effect on negative symptoms, as well as on some positive symptoms of chronic schizophrenia, than sulpiride. PMID- 3246217 TI - Development and characterization of commissural interneurones in the spinal cord of Xenopus laevis embryos revealed by antibodies to glycine. AB - By using an antibody to glutaraldehyde fixation products of glycine we have been able to observe the development of a defined population of spinal interneurones in the CNS of Xenopus laevis embryos. The first glycine immunoreactive (GLY) somata appeared at stage 22 in the caudal hindbrain within a few hours of neural tube closure. The population then increased by extending caudally into the spinal cord and by infill. It was followed up to the time of hatching, stage 37/38. By observing GLY cells at early stages in their differentiation, the normal sequence of cell process formation was deduced. A ventral axon is formed, extends dendrites laterally into the marginal zone and forms a commissure by growing through the ventral ependymal cell floor of the neural tube. On the opposite side, growth cones turn longitudinally and TEM observations show that they make en-passant synaptic contacts. All GLY cells have decussating axons and some grow secondary axons on the same side as the soma. To establish the identity of GLY cells, a detailed comparison was made with commissural and dorsolateral commissural interneurones defined by retrograde and intracellular HRP staining. The GLY cells are identified with the commissural interneurones which are known to serve a glycinergic reciprocal inhibitory function. By showing that these interneurones have a clearly defined group identity and programme of development, this study opens the way to further experiments on factors controlling spinal cord pathway determination. PMID- 3246218 TI - Characterization of retinoid metabolism in the developing chick limb bud. AB - Retinoids (vitamin A derivatives) have been shown to have striking effects on developing and regenerating vertebrate limbs. In the developing chick limb, retinoic acid is a candidate morphogen that may coordinate the pattern of cellular differentiation along the anteroposterior limb axis. We describe a series of investigations of the metabolic pathway of retinoids in the chick limb bud system. To study retinoid metabolism in the bud, all-trans-[3H]retinol, all trans-[3H]retinal and all-trans-[3H]retinoic acid were released into the posterior region of the limb anlage, the area that contains the zone of polarizing activity, a tissue possibly involved in limb pattern formation. We found that the locally applied [3H]retinol is primarily converted to [3H]retinal, [3H]retinoic acid and a yet unidentified metabolite. When [3H]retinal is locally applied, it is either oxidized to [3H]retinoic acid or reduced to [3H]retinol. In contrast, local delivery of retinoic acid to the bud yields neither retinal nor retinol nor the unknown metabolite. This flow of metabolites agrees with the biochemical pathway of retinoids that has previously been elucidated in a number of other animal systems. To find out whether metabolism takes place directly in the treated limb bud, we have compared the amount of [3H]retinoid present in each of the four limb anlagen following local treatment of the right wing bud. The data suggest that retinoid metabolism takes place mostly in the treated limb bud. This local metabolism could provide a simple mechanism to generate in a controlled fashion the biologically active all-trans-retinoic acid from its abundant biosynthetic precursor retinol. In addition, local metabolism supports the hypothesis that retinoids are local chemical mediators involved in pattern formation. PMID- 3246219 TI - Mutant expression of male copulatory bursa surface markers in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - In a search for molecular markers of male tail morphogenesis in C. elegans, we have detected two surface markers that are specifically observed in the copulatory bursa of adult males and the vulva of adult hermaphrodites. These markers are defined by binding of a monoclonal antibody (Ab117) and the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to live intact animals. Expression of these markers is dependent on sex, stage and anterior-posterior position in the animal. Four of ten mutants with specific defects in bursal development show altered expression of one or both markers. Because the WGA marker can be expressed in intersexual animals with very little bursal development, posterior surface expression of this marker can serve as an indication of subtle masculinization of hermaphrodites. The timing of expression of these markers is not affected by heterochronic mutations that cause larval animals to express adult cuticles or adult animals to express larval cuticles, indicating that marker expression can be uncoupled from general cuticle development. Mutant lin-22 males, which have an anterior-to posterior transformation of cell fates in the lateral hypodermis, ectopically express both markers in a manner consistent with a 'posteriorization' of positional information in these animals. These markers should be useful for the isolation and characterization of mutants defective in bursal and vulval development, sex determination and expression of anterior-posterior positional information. PMID- 3246220 TI - Pattern of the insulin-like growth factor II gene expression during rat embryogenesis. AB - The rat insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) gene, encoding a fetal somatomedin, expresses a family of transcripts in embryonic/fetal tissues, and also in the adult choroid plexus and the leptomeninges. We have localized IGF-II gene transcripts in sections of rat embryos of embryonic days 10-16 by performing in situ hybridization. These transcripts are present in the head mesenchyme, formed from both the mesoderm and the cephalic portion of the neural crest, and also in the majority of other tissues of mesodermal origin, predominantly those derived from the somites and the lateral mesoderm. Intense labelling was detected in muscle cells, and their precursors, throughout the examined stages, whereas in chondrocytes the initial high level of hybridization declined substantially prior to ossification. IGF-II gene transcripts are also present in derivatives of other germ layers, but in restricted sites. Thus, from the derivatives of the endoderm, only the liver and the bronchial epithelium yielded hybridization signals. Ectoderm-derived tissues, including the central and peripheral nervous system, were negative for hybridization, with the exception of the choroid plexus, the newly forming pituitary rudiment and, to a lesser extent, the auditory placode. The pattern of IGF-II gene expression during embryogenesis overlaps significantly with the reported distribution of immunohistochemically detected TGF-beta 1. A paracrine/autocrine role for IGF-II in the developmental process is discussed. PMID- 3246221 TI - Relocation and reorganization of germ plasm in Xenopus embryos after fertilization. AB - In the unfertilized egg, germ plasm is widely distributed throughout the vegetal subcortex in small islets. Following fertilization or artificial activation, the location and organization changes, and by the 4- to 8-cell stage the germ plasm forms a small number of large patches overlying the vegetal pole. We distinguish three processes that produce these changes. The first of these is aggregation which involves the islets moving towards the vegetal pole to form large patches by coalescence. This phase requires microtubules but does not depend on cleavage or dynamic microfilaments. The second phase is ingression during which the patches of germ plasm move to the interior of the egg. The movement is due to a flow of cytoplasm from the vegetal pole internally and the cytoplasmic current does not require either microtubules or dynamic microfilaments. In the third phase, the germ plasm is trapped in the vegetal hemisphere by microtubular arrays -in normal development, the mitotic spindle. PMID- 3246222 TI - A Dictyostelium prespore-specific gene is transcriptionally repressed by DIF in vitro. AB - One important role of DIF, the stalk cell-specific inducer of Dictyostelium, may be to divert cells from the spore cell pathway of differentiation. The D19 gene encodes an mRNA which is highly enriched in prespore over prestalk cells in the migratory slug. We show, using a mutant defective in DIF accumulation, that the concentration of D19, and several other prespore mRNA sequences, decreases in the presence of exogenous DIF. There is evidence that both transcriptional and post transcriptional controls operate to regulate expression of these genes. We have performed in vitro nuclear transcription and mRNA half-life analyses, and find that DIF acts at the transcriptional level to repress the accumulation of the D19 mRNA. PMID- 3246223 TI - The fate of fetal Leydig cells during the development of the fetal and postnatal rat testis. AB - The ultrastructure and developmental fate of the fetal generation of Leydig cells of the rat testis was studied from the 17th day of fetal life up to 100 days after birth. The number of fetal Leydig cells per testis was determined by light microscopic morphometric analysis of semithin plastic sections. In fetal testes (days 17-22 postconception), Leydig cells exhibited a characteristic ultrastructure, containing smooth endoplasmic reticulum, many lipid inclusions and glycogen. Testes of 17-day-old fetuses contained about 25 x 10(3) fetal Leydig cells, rapidly increasing to 90 x 10(3) per testis in 21-day-old fetuses. After birth, fetal Leydig cells per testis remained relatively constant up to 2 weeks (80-90 x 10(3) per testis) and were identified by light and electron microscopy which showed their numerous lipid inclusions, their tendency for clustering and their association with interstitial tissue fibroblasts which partly encapsulated the fetal Leydig cells. From 21-100 days after birth, fetal Leydig cell numbers were quite variable with a mean of 45-60 x 10(3) per testis. These results are the first to show that the fetal generation of Leydig cells persist in the adult testis and do not undergo early postnatal degeneration or dedifferentiation into other interstitial cells. The simultaneous occurrence of the fetal Leydig cells and the adult population of Leydig cells indicates that these cells are distinct cell generations which are developmentally unrelated. PMID- 3246224 TI - Antibodies against mouse nerve growth factor interfere in vivo with the development of avian sensory and sympathetic neurones. AB - The monoclonal antibody 27/21 directed against mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) interferes in vivo with the survival of sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones during the development of the quail embryo: the number of DRG neurones at embryonic day 11 (E11) was reduced by about 30% in embryos treated with the antibody between E3 and E11. Neurone numbers in the nodose ganglion were not affected. The effect of NGF antibodies on sympathetic neurones was assessed by determining the levels of the adrenergic marker enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. Both total tyrosine hydroxylase activity and protein levels in sympathetic chains were reduced by about 30% in embryos treated with 27/21 antibody but not in embryos treated with a control antibody. The 27/21 antibody cross-reacts with chick NGF like activity as shown in vitro by the ability of the antibody to partially block the survival activity of chick-embryo-fibroblast-conditioned medium for E9 chick DRG neurones. PMID- 3246225 TI - The control of DNA replication in a cell-free extract that recapitulates a basic cell cycle in vitro. AB - Cell-free extracts prepared from Xenopus eggs support chromosome decondensation and pronuclear formation on demembranated sperm heads. 32P-dCTP pulse-labelling studies demonstrate that DNA synthesis occurs in multiple bursts of 30-40 min in extracts containing pronuclei, each burst being followed by a period of 20-50 min during which no synthesis occurs. Density substitution with bromodeoxyuridine indicates that the synthesis in each burst is semiconservative and results from new initiations, and that, following multiple bursts of synthesis, reinitiation events can occur. Changes in nuclear morphology have been characterized in the extract by phase-contrast microscopy and by fluorescence microscopy following pulse labelling with biotin-11-dUTP and staining with anti-lamin antibodies. Lamin accumulation occurs as DNA decondenses and parallels the acquisition of membrane structures. Biotin-11-dUTP incorporation is first observed in small nuclei having decondensed DNA and an extensive lamina. While DNA synthesis is occurring nuclei remain relatively small, but rapid swelling accompanied by chromosome condensation occurs when biotin incorporation ceases. Nuclear swelling and chromatin condensation is followed by nuclear membrane breakdown, lamin dispersal and chromosome formation. Mitosis lasts for approximately 20 min. Nuclear reassembly is recognized by the appearance of membrane vesicles around small pieces of decondensed DNA, which parallels the appearance of lamin islands within a chromatin mass. These 'islands' incorporate biotin, indicating that DNA synthesis is occurring, and apparently fuse as larger S-phase nuclei are formed. Extensive protein synthesis occurs for at least 4 h in most extracts. This synthesis is required for the initiation of mitotic events and the reinitiation of DNA synthesis. PMID- 3246226 TI - Evidence that the nerve controls molecular identity of progenitor cells for limb regeneration. AB - Adult urodele amphibians can regenerate their limbs after amputation by a process that requires the presence of axons at the amputation plane. Paradoxically, if the limb develops in the near absence of nerves (the 'aneurogenic' limb) it can subsequently regenerate in a nerve-independent fashion. The growth zone (blastema) of regenerating limbs normally contains progenitor cells whose division is nerve-dependent. A monoclonal antibody that marks these nerve dependent cells in the normal blastema does not stain the mesenchymal cells of developing limb buds and only stains the amputated limb bud when axons have reached the plane of amputation. This report shows that the blastemal cells of the regenerating aneurogenic limb also fail to react with the antibody in situ. These data suggest that the blastemal cells arising during normal regeneration have been altered by the nerve. This regulation may occur either at the time of amputation (when the antigen is expressed) or during development (when the limb is first innervated). PMID- 3246227 TI - Inductive effects of fibroblast growth factor and lithium ion on Xenopus blastula ectoderm. AB - We have studied the response of Xenopus blastula ectoderm to fibroblast growth factor and to lithium ion. The properties of acidic and basic FGF are very similar showing a 50% induction level at 1-2 ng ml-1 and a progressive increase of muscle formation up to concentrations of 100-200 ng ml-1. The elongation of explants also shows a dose-response relationship. The minimum contact requirement for induction of ectoderm explants is about 90 min and the stage range of ectodermal competence extends from midblastula to early gastrula, both these figures resembling those obtained in embryological experiments with vegetal tissue as the inducer. Lithium chloride concentrations which produce anteriorization of whole embryos have no effect on isolated ectoderms unless accompanied by FGF. Simultaneous treatment with FGF and Li lead to a marked enhancement of both elongation and muscle formation over that produced by FGF alone. By contrast, ventral marginal explants show increased elongation and muscle formation if treated with lithium alone suggesting that they have already received a low-dose FGF treatment within the embryo. It is concluded that endogenous FGF may be solely responsible for inducing the ventral mesoderm and that dorsalization of ventral mesoderm to the level of somitic muscle might be achieved either by a very high local concentration of FGF in the dorsal region, or by the action of a second, synergistic, agent in the dorsal region. PMID- 3246228 TI - Purification, partial characterization and biological effects of the XTC mesoderm inducing factor. AB - The mesoderm of Xenopus laevis is formed through an inductive interaction in which a signal from the vegetal hemisphere of the blastula acts on overlying animal pole cells. We have recently reported that the Xenopus XTC cell line secretes a mesoderm-inducing factor (MIF) which may resemble the natural signal. In this paper, we describe the purification and biological effects of XTC-MIF. XTC-MIF is a hydrophobic protein with an isoelectric point of 7.8 and an apparent relative molecular mass (Mr) of 23,500. On reduction, XTC-MIF loses its biological activity and the protein dissociates into two inactive subunits with apparent Mr of about 15,000. These properties closely resemble those of transforming growth factor type beta (TGF-beta), and it is interesting that TGF beta 2 has recently been shown to have mesoderm-inducing activity. The biological response to XTC-MIF is graded. After exposure to 0.2-1.0 ng ml-1 XTC-MIF, stage-8 animal pole explants form mesenchyme and mesothelium. At higher concentrations, up to about 5 ng ml-1, muscle is formed, occasionally with neural tissue. In response to concentrations of XTC-MIF greater than 5-10 ng ml-1, notochord and neural tissue are usually formed. The formation of notochord and neural tissue in response to XTC-MIF represents a qualitative difference between this inducing factor and the other known group of MIFs, the heparin-binding growth factors. PMID- 3246229 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of sphenoethmoid mucoceles. PMID- 3246230 TI - Speech defects as an unusual complication of adenotonsillectomy. PMID- 3246231 TI - Carbon dioxide laser treatment for chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis. PMID- 3246232 TI - The pars flaccida as a possible vestigial remnant. PMID- 3246233 TI - A neck mass as an unusual complication of aural cholesteatoma. PMID- 3246234 TI - Physical training in patients with heart diseases: training in coronary disease. 2nd workshop. Working Group on Exercise Physiology, Physiopathology and Electrocardiography, and Working Group on Cardiac Rehabilitation of the European Society of Cardiology. 27-29 September, 1987, Tours, France. PMID- 3246235 TI - Effects of a short-term training programme in post-infarct patients with residual myocardial ischaemia. AB - To study prospectively haemodynamic changes after a four-week period of physical training in post-infarct patients with exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia, a maximal symptom-limited ergometric test in the supine position with electrocardiographic and haemodynamic monitoring was carried out in 46 males (mean age: 53 +/- 8 years) during drug wash-out 35 +/- 15 days after acute myocardial infarction (E1), and again after 31 +/- 3 days of physical training (E2). The infarction site was inferior in 38 patients (83%), anterior in seven (15%) and anterior + inferior in one (2%). After physical training none of the resting parameters were significantly changed. During exercise, working capacity increased from 6525 +/- 3314 to 8853 +/- 4342 kpm (P less than 0.001) together with cardiac output and arterio-venous 02 difference, while stroke volume and pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) remained unchanged. At matched work load a significant reduction was observed in heart rate (HR) (128 +/- 18 vs. 122 +/- 17 beats min-1, P less than 0.001) and PWP (23 +/- 8 vs. 21 +/- 8, P less than 0.05). The extent and presence of ST-segment depression in standard ECG at E1 was not indicative of a different haemodynamic pattern or of a different response to training. During E1, 23 patients had an ischaemic threshold greater than 2700 kpm. When compared with the 23 patients with an ischaemic threshold less than or equal to 2700 kpm, they had a greater work capacity (8409 +/- 3045 vs. 4798 +/- 2552 kpm, P less than 0.05) and a lower PWP at peak exercise (19 +/- 8 vs. 27 +/- 6 mmHg, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246236 TI - Indications for and contraindications to training in angina pectoris. PMID- 3246237 TI - Silent ischaemia in post-myocardial infarction patients submitted to physical training. AB - Recently, more attention has been focused on the detection and treatment of silent myocardial ischaemia. Electrocardiographic signs of exercise-induced asymptomatic myocardial ischaemia are very common findings among survivors of acute myocardial infarction. From data of our population we found that silent exercise-induced ischaemia is present in 15-20% of all patients, and that about half of the patients with exercise-induced ST-segment depression were free of symptoms. Ergometric data at the ischaemic threshold are similar between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients while the presence of symptoms is more frequent in patients who were also symptomatic before the myocardial infarction. During the training period, the majority of the 'silent' patients remained asymptomatic, 23% developed effort angina, and 9% developed angina at rest. Training monitoring may be helpful in identifying the variability of symptoms. Physical training, in particular an intermittent programme, increased the work load at which the ECG ischaemic signs appeared. Among the possible mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced silent ischaemia, a different pain tolerance and control of analgesia may be ascribed to explain the absence of pain, perhaps also determined by different endogenous beta-endorphin levels. PMID- 3246238 TI - Effects of a comprehensive rehabilitation programme in patients with three-vessel coronary disease. AB - The aim of the study was to assess the effects of rehabilitation in 46 consecutive three-vessel coronary disease patients who were considered to have no possibility of revascularization; there were 45 males and one female (mean age 58) sent in the third week after acute myocardial infarction (N = 31) or after unstable angina (N = 15). Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was normal in 50% of the patients, but 15% had an EF less than or equal to 0.30. Three patients could not begin their rehabilitation because of unstable angina (N = 2) or severe pulmonary oedema (N = 1). After a 4-week rehabilitation programme, the comparison of stress tests revealed an increase in functional capacities (maximal work-load = 103.6 +/- 27 W before rehabilitation, 126.4 +/- 31 W after rehabilitation, P less than 0.001), and an improvement of the ischaemic threshold [82 +/- 32 W before rehabilitation, 91 +/- 31 W after rehabilitation, P less than 0.05]. During long-term follow up [20.8 months], four patients died of cardiac events [8.7%]; all of them had an EF less than 0.45. Among the 42 living patients 61.9% were asymptomatic, 28.7% had exertional angina, and 9.4% had cardiac complications, and coronary surgery was performed in two cases with good results. The level of return to work was 85% with the mean delay of 1.7 months after rehabilitation. So, rehabilitation in three-vessel coronary disease patients is safe under medical control; improvements in exertional capacities are obvious and give the patients a better self confidence as assessed by the good score of return to work after rehabilitation. PMID- 3246239 TI - Influence of training on blood lipids and coagulation. AB - Even if the effects of physical training on secondary prevention are controversial, it is known that exercise may influence several of the risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). One of the most important is cholesterol. Studies conducted to determine the influence of training on lipid profile have shown in normals, as well as in CHD patients, a favourable influence: a small decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These results are obtained after prolonged and intensive training. The influence of training on coagulation is more controversial and less well known. During short bouts of exercise the following changes are generally observed: an increase in platelet count and platelet aggregation (the effects on platelet adhesiveness and activation are controversial), potentiation of coagulation with an increase in factor VIII, and an increase in fibrinolytic activity due to an increase in plasminogen activator level. The effects of training have been less well studied. It is supposed that training could diminish the clotting potentiation observed during short exercise. Fibrinolysis is also increased in these conditions. If the influence of training on blood lipid profile may be considered as favourable in secondary prevention, no study has yet assessed the role of training on coagulation factors in secondary prevention. PMID- 3246240 TI - Programme and results of training during convalescence (phase II). PMID- 3246241 TI - Silent myocardial ischaemia: treatment strategies of ischaemia. 11-12 March 1988, Bad Krozingen, West Germany. Conference proceedings. PMID- 3246242 TI - Asymptomatic episodes of ischaemia and their relation to heart rate changes in patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease. AB - The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic episodes of ischaemia and their relation to heart rate in patients with effort angina pectoris undergoing continuous electrocardiographic monitoring for 24 h. We studied 91 patients with typical history of effort angina and positive stress testing (angina and rectilinear or downsloping ST segment depression more than 1 mm). During electrocardiographic monitoring 81 patients showed symptomatic or asymptomatic ischaemic episodes with ST segment depression, four patients a T wave inversion, while six patients did not show ischaemic episodes. The total number of ischaemic episodes registered was 284, of which 106 (37.32%) were symptomatic with significant heart rate increase, 130 (45.78%) asymptomatic with heart rate increase and 48 (16.9%) asymptomatic without heart rate changes. Twelve patients (13.18%) showed only symptomatic episodes of ischaemia with increase of heart rate, 26 patients (28.57%) symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes with heart rate enhancement, 12 patients (13.18%) only asymptomatic episodes with heart rate increase, eight patients (8.79%) symptomatic episodes of ischaemia with heart rate increase and asymptomatic ones with and without heart rate changes, and finally 23 patients (25.57%) showed symptomatic episodes with heart rate increase and asymptomatic ones without heart rate changes. In total, 31 (34.06%) of these patients showed during continuous electrocardiographic monitoring asymptomatic episodes of ischaemia without heart rate changes. These findings suggest a possible intervention of coronary tone modifications in determining asymptomatic ischaemic episodes without heart rate change in patients with effort angina. PMID- 3246243 TI - Silent myocardial ischaemia in Holter monitoring and exercise stress testing after a first myocardial infarction. AB - Silent ischaemic ST segment depression and heart rate changes during ambulatory 24 h electrocardiography and bicycle exercise stress testing were studied 8-12 weeks after the first myocardial infarction in 22 patients, aged 36-65 years (X = 50.2). During Holter monitoring it was found that 18 patients had 64 episodes of ST segment depression, including 27 (42.2%) symptomatic and 37 (57.8%) asymptomatic episodes. Mean maximal ST segment depression in painful and painless episodes was 3.5 +/- 1.1 mm and 2.4 +/- 1.2 mm (P less than 0.02), respectively. The mean maximal heart rate in symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes was 112 +/- 14.2 beats min-1 and 115 +/- 16.8 beats min-1 (NS), respectively. No significant difference was found in the duration of symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes. Ambulatory asymptomatic episodes were most frequent between midnight and noon (63.2%). It was observed that when heart rate was below 100 beats min-1 symptomatic episodes were twice as frequent during monitoring while during exercise testing ST segment depression at this heart rate occurred only in two cases. In contrast, there were more asymptomatic episodes at heart rate above 125 beats min-1 and exercise-induced ST segment depression were five times more frequent. One may conclude that silent ischaemia is a frequent phenomenon in the early period after the first myocardial infarction and asymptomatic episodes occur particularly frequently during rapid heart rate (over 125 beats min-1). Episodes of silent ischaemia are found more frequently during Holter monitoring than exercise stress testing. PMID- 3246244 TI - Do data from a previous exercise test influence the prognostic information given by a second routine exercise ECG test? A 13 1/2-year follow-up study in apparently healthy middle aged men. AB - A positive exercise ECG test in a middle-aged man without confounding disease is a strong indicator of occult coronary heart disease. In the years following a positive test mortality, but CHD events vary considerably compared with subjects having normal exercise tests. If a second exercise test is positive in the same subjects years later, this signifies a disease which is prone to progress in a very severe way in the ensuing years. A first normal test followed by a second pathologic test has an intermediate prognostic significance compared with two normal tests years apart. The clinical course indicates that preventive measures should be taken after observing a positive exercise test, and even more importantly if two positive tests are observed years apart. PMID- 3246245 TI - Sudden death as the first manifestation of coronary artery disease in young people (less than or equal to 35 years). AB - During 1979 to 1987, we collected 84 consecutive cases of juvenile sudden death which occurred in the Veneto Region, northeast Italy. Death was attributed to cardiovascular disease in 79 cases. Nineteen of these (24%), consisting of 17 males and two females, from 18 to 35 years of age, had 70% or greater atherosclerotic coronary stenosis, in the absence of other cardiac pathology and previous clinical evidence of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. In 13 cases (68%), sudden death was the first manifestation of coronary artery disease; the remaining six patients had experienced atypical, non-diagnostic prodromal symptoms. At the moment of death, 16 patients were engaged in sedentary activity. Pathological examination disclosed that in 15 cases (79%), only one major vessel was stenosed, and in 12 cases it was the proximal descending coronary artery: the other four patients had three-vessel disease. Histologic study revealed uncomplicated, obstructive fibromatous plaques in 16 cases, and a preserved tunica media in all cases. Plaque fissuring with superimposed mural or occlusive thrombosis was present in only three cases. Overt myocardial infarction was not observed. Our findings indicate that coronary atherosclerosis is an important cause of sudden death in young persons. In this series, coronary disease was 'silent', and sudden death was its first clinical manifestation. The occurrence of death at rest, in the absence of an acute coronary lesion, with preservation of the coronary tunica media suggests that fatal outcome might be due to coronary vasomotor tone abnormalities culminating in ischaemia-induced cardiac arrest. PMID- 3246247 TI - Coronary vasomotor and therapeutic influences of propranolol and nifedipine on the spontaneous component of mixed angina. AB - In 24 patients with spontaneous and effort-related angina (mixed angina), propranolol (80 mg q.i.d.) was significantly more beneficial than nifedipine (20 mg q.i.d.) on the number, duration and severity of the spontaneous manifestations. In some cases nifedipine elicited a paradoxical response. These patterns are unlikely to have resulted from different influences on the myocardial oxygen demands, since heart rate was steady before the occurrence of ischaemia and systemic arterial pressure was equally reduced in all patients. Sublingual nifedipine (10 mg) was tested in 12 patients and the residual lumen diameter of significant (greater than 50%) coronary stenoses (quantitative angiography) was unchanged in one, enhanced in seven and reduced in four of them. Lumen variations ranged from +1.59 to -1.2 mm and correlated closely with the results of oral nifedipine treatment. Propranolol (0.1 mg kg-1 i.v.) was tested in the other 12 cases and in none did variations of stenosis lumen diameter exceed 0.3 mm. These observations indicate that: in a number of lesions a portion of pliable wall may offer a compliant substrate for vasomotor influences; this may be the major factor whereby coronary obstructions cause spontaneous, besides effort-related angina; nifedipine is effective on the former manifestation provided that it does not promote stenosis constriction; propranolol may result in benefit through bradycardia facilitating coronary flow in diastole and reducing the baseline metabolic demands, to elevate the threshold of ischaemia during transient impedance to flow. PMID- 3246246 TI - Effects of intracoronary infusion of nicardipine during silent ischaemia on myocardial metabolism and function. AB - The effects of an intracoronary infusion of nicardipine (0.2 mg over 10 min) on myocardial substrate uptake and function were studied in 16 patients with coronary artery disease and angina pectoris. Silent ischaemia, demonstrated by myocardial lactate production, was induced twice by pacing below anginal threshold. Nicardipine or saline was randomly infused during the first or second pacing. During pacing with nicardipine, no systemic effect was noted but coronary sinus flow increased (+ 18%; P less than 0.015) and myocardial oxygen uptake decreased by 12% (P less than 0.025). Transcardiac lactate production did not improve (-8 to -10 mumol min-1; NS) but net lactate uptake, estimated from radiolabelled lactate uptake, tended to rise and the glutamine uptake increased from 1.8 to 5.5 mumol min-1 (P less than 0.04). During recovery after pacing, lactate production decreased faster and LV peak (+) dP/dt and relaxation rate were significantly better after nicardipine infusion than after saline. Thus, during silent ischaemia induced by an increased oxygen demand, intracoronary nicardipine did not prevent lactate release but allowed a faster metabolic and functional recovery. These beneficial effects of nicardipine could be explained by an improved myocardial perfusion or by an effect on intracellular calcium homeostasis. PMID- 3246248 TI - Prevention of pacing-induced silent myocardial ischaemia by nifedipine in coronary heart disease. AB - In 11 patients with angiographically documented significant coronary heart disease silent (asymptomatic) segmental myocardial ischaemia was induced by rapid atrial pacing using the sub-threshold rate (10 impulses min-1 less than angina threshold rate). The effect of pacing-induced silent myocardial ischaemia on the left ventricular contraction was studied from three consecutive quantitative cineventriculographies--performed in control conditions (I) and during sub threshold pacing before (II) and after (III) 20 mg nifedipine sublingually. On this basis, left ventricular mean relative hemiaxis shortening (X delta r%) for anterior, inferior and apical segments as well as ventricular volumes and ejection fraction using an area-length method were determined for every patient. Sub-threshold atrial pacing significantly (P less than 0.0005) reduced X delta r% of non-infarcted post-stenotic myocardial segments (36 +/- 10%----23 +/- 10%; N = 14) having no significant effect on the contraction of normal and infarcted segments. As a consequence, left ventricular ejection fraction (72 +/- 10%----64 +/- 14%; P less than 0.005) and end-systolic volume (33 +/- 16 ml----43 +/- 20 ml; P less than 0.005) deteriorated too. After 20 mg nifedipine sublingually in post-stenotic non-infarcted segments characterized by pacing-induced silent ischaemia, normalization of X delta r% (23 +/- 10%----42 +/- 11%; P less than 0.0005) was observed together with significant improvement of ejection fraction (64 +/- 14%----75 +/- 10%; P less than 0.005) and with reduction of the aortic end-diastolic pressure (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246249 TI - Effects of low doses of amiodarone on cardiac arrhythmias in patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease. AB - Continuous ECG monitoring is a useful method to evaluate the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of amiodarone (400 mg day-1 for seven days and then 200 mg day-1, five days a week, for 60 days) in 20 patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease ascertained by stress test, thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy and coronary angiography and with qualitatively and quantitatively similar cardiac arrhythmias in two continuous ECG monitoring sessions performed before starting treatment. All patients were previously on treatment with isosorbide 5-mononitrate (Is-5-Mn). Patients underwent two ECG monitoring sessions for 48 h, with an ICR instrument with two leads, first during pharmacological treatment with Is-5-Mn plus placebo and then after 60 days on treatment with Is-5-Mn and amiodarone. Heart rate decreased significantly with amiodarone (from 76.9 to 69.5 beats min-1) as did premature ventricular complexes (from 4686 to 329 day-1), ventricular couplets (from 154.3 to 5.0 day-1), ventricular tachycardia runs (from 91.7 to 0). ST segment depression more than 1.5 mm was present for 93.8 min day-1 on Is-5-Mn plus placebo, and was significantly less frequently observed (for 13.8 min day-1) on Is-5-Mn plus amiodarone. Finally, transient episodes of ischaemia, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, diminished on amiodarone from 22 to 9 day-1 in a significant way. In conclusion, amiodarone is a useful drug to obtain a reduction of ventricular arrhythmias and symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes of ischaemia in patients with ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 3246251 TI - Angina pectoris during exercise--relationship to coronary anatomy and myocardial function. AB - We studied 34 patients with proven coronary heart disease to determine whether the presence or absence of angina pectoris during exercise testing was associated with greater disease, ST segment depression or fall in left ventricular ejection fraction. Angina pectoris was the limiting symptom in 19 and fatigue/breathlessness in 15 patients. Exercise time [421(31) vs. 455(64) s], ST depression [1.4(0.3) vs. 1.1(0.3)mm], fall in left ventricular ejection fraction [13(2) vs. 12(2)] and coronary score and fall in left ventricular ejection fraction [15(2) vs. 8(3), P less than 0.02]. The degree of ST segment depression correlated with the coronary score (r = 0.6) and fall in left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.5). ST segment depression but not angina pectoris during exercise predicted the extent of disease and its functional consequences. PMID- 3246250 TI - The effects of physical training in post-myocardial infarction patients with exercise-induced silent ischaemia. AB - To assess the clinical significance of monitoring during physical training in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients with asymptomatic exercise-induced ischaemia, we studied 232 patients who were survivors of first recent acute MI and consecutively admitted to the same CCU, who underwent an exercise test (ET) and coronary angiography within two months of the acute event. We selected the 97 patients with multivessel disease. Among them, 60 showed a negative ET and no angina; 37 showed a positive ET with significant ST segment depression, 32 of them had no angina. The 37 patients with positive ET repeated the stress test within a week. In eight of them, the two ETs differed because ischaemia was induced once with and once without precipitation of angina, while the workload (WL) and double product (DP) at the ischaemic threshold of 0.1 mV ST segment depression were not different. During a four-week training period, seven of the asymptomatic patients complained of effort angina and three of angina at rest. To assess training effects, we selected 60 non-consecutive patients with asymptomatic (38) and symptomatic (22) exercise-induced ischaemia. All the symptomatic and 25 asymptomatic patients followed a four-week physical training programme based on the ischaemic threshold. The remaining 13 asymptomatic patients did not undergo physical training. The pre-training period ergometric patterns were comparable between painful and pain-free patients. Training resulted in a similar increase in the WL at the ischaemic threshold (+45% in asymptomatic and +47% in symptomatic patients, both P less than 0.05), without any difference in the DP threshold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246252 TI - The spouse as a possible anginal warning system in silent myocardial ischaemia. AB - It has been previously shown that undercomplaining behaviour is involved in the 'silence' of Silent Myocardial Ischaemia (SMI). By means of symptom checklists completed blindly by both the patient and his spouse we found that: (1a) at an individual level, even in non-cardiac related symptoms areas (everyday illnesses), SMI patients have a lower propensity to complain than symptomatic patients; yet (1b) they describe the same level of worrying about symptoms as painful patients. (2) At a second level, when looking at patient-spouse discrepancies it appears that the spouse of the SMI patient describes the patient as having not only more symptoms but also as being less worried than he reports. On the contrary, the spouse of the symptomatic patient generally describes the patient as having fewer symptoms than he does and as being more worried by the symptom's appearance than he reports. These data support the denial hypothesis in SMI and allow us to consider the spouse not only as a good anamnestic collaborator in order to avoid information biases in SMI but also as a potential warning system that could be used in prevention and treatment strategies related to SMI. PMID- 3246253 TI - Effect of physical exercise on pain thresholds and plasma beta-endorphins in patients with silent and symptomatic myocardial ischaemia. AB - In a double-blind study, eight patients with symptomatic myocardial ischaemia and nine with asymptomatic myocardial ischaemia were compared during physical exercise under naloxone (6 mg i.v.) or placebo. Plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and catecholamines were measured before exercise, during maximal exercise, and 10, 20 and 60 min after exercise. A tourniquet pain test (on the forearm, under control of transcutaneous PO2), and an electrical pain test (intracutaneous electrode placed in the finger with the electrical stimulus under computer control and two-interval forced-choice psychophysical technique) were performed before exercise as well as immediately after, and 60 min after exercise. Plasma beta-endorphin levels increased significantly (P less than 0.01) during exercise in symptomatic and asymptomatic patient groups; every patient showed an increase on beta-endorphins during and after exercise. However, the increase found in beta endorphins during and after exercise was significantly larger (P less than 0.01) in asymptomatic than in symptomatic patients. After naloxone, this difference was no longer evident. Angina pectoris during exercise was reported with less latency in symptomatic patients (P less than 0.05) and occurred in two of nine asymptomatic patients following naloxone. The time course of plasma cortisol levels exhibited the same pattern as beta-endorphins with the same significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Electrical pain thresholds, though on average higher in asymptomatic patients (2.21 mA vs. 0.79 mA), were not affected by exercise or naloxone. Asymptomatic patients required more time to reach pain thresholds in the tourniquet pain test (P less than 0.02). After exercise, tourniquet pain thresholds were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) under naloxone compared with placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246254 TI - Adenosine-induced chest pain in patients with silent and painful myocardial ischaemia: another clue to the importance of generalized defective perception of painful stimuli as a cause of silent ischaemia. AB - Adenosine is formed from adenosine triphosphate within the ischaemic cells from where it is released into the coronary circulation. Adenosine exhibits several cardiovascular effects which tend to protect the ischaemic myocardium. Based on the observation that in healthy volunteers the intravenous infusion of adenosine produces angina-like chest pain, it has been recently proposed that another cardioprotective action of this substance could be provocation of angina. If this is the case adenosine should not produce chest pain in patients with silent ischaemia. To test this hypothesis we infused this substance intravenously at increasing doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 micrograms kg-1 min-1 in eight patients with silent ischaemia (group A). All of them developed ST depression (1.8 +/- 0.2 mm) during exercise testing and seven also during adenosine infusion (1.1 +/- 0.8 mm). However, none of the patients had chest pain during exercise while seven had chest pain during adenosine. We then infused adenosine in eight other patients (Group B) who had painful ischaemia and an exercise tolerance similar to that of Group A patients (time to 1 mm ST depression 8.6 +/- 2.7 min and 8.4 +/- 3 min, respectively, P = NS). Adenosine induced chest pain in all Group B patients. The time to pain onset during adenosine was similar in the two groups (9.3 +/- 2.3 min in Group B and 12.4 +/- 4.9 min in Group A).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246255 TI - Pathophysiology of unstable angina pectoris--correlations with coronary angioscopic imaging. AB - Different patho-anatomical and functional factors are considered to be involved in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Among these are a pre-existing plaque based on coronary atherosclerosis, the development of fissures or dissections of the plaque (often combined with thrombus formation at the site of the plaque) coronary vascular tone, and theoretically primary aggregation of platelets at a site of apparently normal vascular endothelium. Several comprehensive studies on patients who died from acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina, have convincingly shown that complications of an atherosclerotic plaque like fissures, dissections and thrombus formation may be present in 60 to 90% of cases. In addition, two groups of investigators, who have applied coronary angioscopy for direct visualization of offending coronary arteries, have confirmed these results, since in about 60-80% of patients with unstable angina complicated atheromata, i.e. rupture, ulceration, thrombus formation, could be documented, whereas in all patients with stable angina an uncomplicated atheroma was seen angioscopically. On the basis of these results a hypothetical sequence of events in patients with stable angina, unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction has been proposed. Stable angina pectoris may be seen in patients with uncomplicated atheroma in one of the major coronary artery branches. When dissections, ulcerations and thrombus formation occur as a complication of a formerly smooth plaque, patients show the clinical syndrome of unstable angina. If an occlusive thrombus develops, the patient will run into a fresh myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246256 TI - The sensitivity of 24 h Holter monitoring and exercise testing for the recognition of myocardial ischaemia: a comparative study. AB - Seventy-nine patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease were studied with exercise ECG and Holter ECG for ischaemic ST segment changes. Fifty-four patients (68.3%) had ischaemia on exercise, 48 patients (62.0%) had ischaemic ST segment depression during Holter monitoring. Twenty-four (30%) of the patients with a positive exercise test and 30 (61%) with a positive Holter ECG were asymptomatic during the test, 83.7% of the total count of 456 episodes of spontaneous ischemia during Holter monitoring were silent. Forty-four patients (55.7%) had ischaemic ECG changes during exercise and Holter ECG, 20 patients (25.3%) were negative on both tests. Ten (12.7%) had only a positive exercise test and five (6.3%) only a positive Holter ECG. The sensitivity of Holter monitoring for the detection of ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease is comparable to the sensitivity of the exercise ECG. PMID- 3246257 TI - Detection of emotionally induced ECG changes and their behavioural correlates: a new method for ambulatory monitoring. AB - Heart rate is a well-established indicator of emotional arousal and can serve to detect emotional events. One difficulty, however, is in separating emotional heart rate increases from those increases due to physical activity. On-line analysis of both heart rate and physical activity (recorded with motion detectors) with a portable minicomputer may be able to solve this problem. We have developed a special algorithm that compares the values for heart rate and activity of a particular minute with the values of the previous minutes. If heart rate of a specific minute exceeds the rate of the previous minutes without an accompanying increase of activity, an emotional event may possibly be assumed. In such a case, the patient is requested by a beep signal to answer relevant questions about what he is doing, how he feels, etc. Moreover the patient is allowed to activate the system for himself for special events, e.g. chest pain. Methodological results of a first feasibility study with 32 cardiac patients are presented. PMID- 3246258 TI - Provocation of chest pain in patients with coronary insufficiency using the vasodilator adenosine. AB - Chest pain provoked by intravenous injection of adenosine was compared with natural angina pectoris in five patients with ischaemic heart disease. In seven healthy subjects a possible myocardial site for provocation of the chest pain was evaluated by analysis of time delays from injection to symptoms. The healthy volunteers were given the maximum tolerable dose of adenosine intravenously, together with 99Technetium-diethylentriaminpentaacetate (99Tcm-DTPA). Chest pain started after 4.1 +/- 2.4 s and reached its maximum 8.4 +/- 4.1 s after maximum left ventricular radioactivity. The patients with a history of typical angina pectoris were given similar doses of intravenous adenosine and the provoked chest pain did not differ in quality from the patients' habitual angina pectoris. The patients did not develop electrocardiographic signs suggesting myocardial ischaemia. Heart rate and blood pressure did not indicate increased myocardial work. In conclusion, the results concur with the hypothesis that adenosine elicits angina pectoris by stimulation of intracardiac adenosine receptors. PMID- 3246259 TI - ST segment changes in healthy volunteers during Holter monitoring and exercise stress test. AB - The analysis of ST segment changes during Holter monitoring is one important diagnostic method for detection and diagnosis of silent myocardial ischaemia. To assess the specificity and sensitivity of ST segment alterations as a diagnostic tool, 106 healthy medical students (43 females, 57 males, aged 18-36 years, mean age 26 +/- 4 years) and 26 children (14 females, 12 males, aged 12-17 years, mean 14 +/- 3 years) with no history of heart disease and normal findings during physical examination were studied by exercise stress test and Holter monitoring. Criteria for exclusion were a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ST segment alterations during conventional 12-lead ECG. Due to these criteria, eight volunteers had to be excluded from the study. The exercise stress test (maximum work load protocol) revealed no pathological ST segment depressions. During Holter monitoring seven episodes of ST segment depressions (greater than or equal to 1.0 mm planar or downsloping, duration greater than or equal to 1.0 min) were found. Typical ST segment depressions detected by Holter monitoring may be found in healthy subjects. Therefore this finding has to be considered cautiously as a diagnostic tool for evaluation of patients with suspected coronary heart disease. PMID- 3246261 TI - Ambulatory electrocardiography strategies used in assessing silent myocardial ischaemia. AB - Ambulatory electrocardiography is increasingly used as a noninvasive diagnostic cardiologic test to detect symptomatic or silent myocardial ischaemia. Several clinical and technical factors effect the accurate interpretation of ambulatory electrocardiography myocardial ischaemia and are reviewed. The current state of ambulatory ECG technical strategies used in assessing myocardial ischaemia are presented with a viewpoint towards their advantages and disadvantages. PMID- 3246260 TI - Silent ischaemia in asymptomatic 'healthy' individuals with coronary risk factors. AB - On the occasion of a routine medical check-up 256 out of 1100 individuals with an accumulation of coronary risk factors were screened for silent myocardial ischaemia by exercise testing and Holter monitoring. Of these individuals 5.5% had a pathological exercise test, 7.4% had ischaemia-like events on the Holter ECG, 11.3% had at least one pathological test, but only 1.6% had ischaemic signs in both ECG tests. The outcome of the ECG tests appears to be independent of the type and the total number of risk factors. To date, 13 of the 29 individuals with a positive test have undergone thallium myocardial imaging: only three individuals had signs of ischaemia. Holter monitoring and exercise ECG show comparable results in this population. The pathological ECG findings were only partly confirmed by the thallium test. The follow-up will show the prognostic significance of the ECG changes. PMID- 3246262 TI - Comparison of different methods of ST measurement for evaluation of myocardial ischaemia in Holter monitoring. AB - Long-term ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring [AEM] of the ST segment is clinically the most practical test for the documentation and quantification of myocardial ischaemia. However, there is still some controversy about the validity of ST measurements in Holter monitoring. Therefore, in the present study, in a series of 26 patients with angiographically proven (greater than 70%) coronary heart disease and a positive exercise electrocardiogram, the number, duration and the severity of symptomatic and asymptomatic ischaemic episodes were measured by (1) the ST change at the J point, (2) the ST change 0.07-0.10 s after the J point (immediately before the T wave), (3) the change of the slope of the ST segment, and (4) the area under the ST segment, with a Reynolds Pathfinder III and compared with visual analysis. At the J point (1) there were a total of 264 episodes with a duration of 3947 min and a maximum of 0.35 mV, before the T wave (2) 276 episodes with a duration of 3440 min and a maximal change of 0.40 mV; looking at the slope of the ST segment (3) the figures were 118, 1041 min and regarding the area under the ST segment they were 198, 2385 min. In conclusion, ST deviations are safely detected by automated analysis of the ST segment. Compared with visual analysis (220 episodes), deviation of the ST1 (J point) and ST2 point (80 ms thereafter) overestimate the incidence of true ischaemic ST depression by about 20%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246263 TI - Validation of a digitized Holter monitoring system by comparison with the Marquette case system. AB - Detection of silent myocardial ischaemia must be accurate and reliable. With the new digitized Holter monitoring systems these qualities are feasible. We tested one of these devices (Monitor One, Q Med) by comparison with a digitized and averaged ECG signal provided by the Marquette Case system during exercise tests in 30 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Detection and quantitation of ST segment depression episodes by the Holter system were excellent. Furthermore, indirect ECG criteria of ischaemia as R-wave amplitude variations were easily recognized. Thus digital monitors may be used to detect ischaemic events in prospective and multicentre studies for the diagnosis and prognosis of silent myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 3246264 TI - Continuous bed-side monitoring of the ECG for detection of silent myocardial ischaemia. AB - In patients with unstable angina pectoris, transient episodes of ischaemia occur frequently and the prognostic implications of those predominantly silent episodes have been shown. The method of Holter tape recording is, however, not ideal for the care of unstable patients: (a) the results of a recording period are only available after this period is finished and subsequent evaluation has taken place; and (b) the sensitivity of monitoring may be increased by recording more than two leads. We have used a portable ECG computer, which monitors the 12-lead ECG every 20 s and records ECGs either when there is consistent ST deviation or at preset intervals (1, 3, 5 min). It stores the information on solid-state memory and displays a summarized ST-level trend on a monitoring screen. The stored information can be reviewed at any time at the bed-side and selected ECGs can be printed out on paper. We have evaluated this device in 23 patients on our CCU, with unstable angina (10), evolving myocardial infarction (4) and post PTCA (9). Forty-two consecutive trend recordings were controlled with independent visual interpretation of 2920 complete 12-lead ECGs. Deviations of the ST-level trend of less than 0.1 mV were due to artefact in over 95%. However, when the ST level trend showed deviations of above 0.1 mV, 93% of the 12-lead ECGs showed true pathologic changes. Eighty-two per cent of the recorded episodes of transient ischaemia were silent; angina was in every case preceded by ECG changes. In four patients the on-line recorded ECG was instrumental for the decision towards acute angiography, PTCA or bypass-operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246265 TI - Frequent occurrence of silent ischaemia in patients with isolated right coronary artery stenosis: a radioisotopic study. AB - Silent ischaemia has been widely investigated limiting the diagnostic approach to the left ventricle. To date, no systematic study on silent ischaemia in patients with demand-induced right ventricular dysfunction has been reported. The occurrence of painless ischaemic episodes was evaluated by atrial pacing and radionuclide angiography in 20 consecutive patients with single right coronary artery stenosis and without previous myocardial infarction. At the peak pacing rate all patients showed transient myocardial dysfunction (reduction of ejection fraction and/or development of wall-motion abnormalities) localized to the right, the left, or to both ventricles in 9, 1 and 10 patients, respectively. Eight patients experienced chest pain (group 1) and 12 were asymptomatic (group 2) at the maximal pacing rate. Basal left ventricular ejection fraction (55 +/- 4% vs. 55 +/- 5%), basal right ventricular ejection fraction (48 +/- 4% vs. 46 + 8%), peak pacing left (52 +/- 9% vs. 50 +/- 11%) and right (38 +/- 7% vs. 37 +/- 9%) ventricular ejection fractions, and maximal pacing pressure rate product (17,289 +/- 2880 vs. 19,244 +/- 3806) were not significantly different in the two groups. This study demonstrates a high prevalence of silent ischaemia in patients with single right coronary artery stenosis and pacing-induced dominant right ventricular dysfunction. Painful episodes do not appear to be related to the magnitude of changes in ejection fraction. PMID- 3246267 TI - Solvation. PMID- 3246266 TI - Ambulatory scintigraphic assessment of transient changes in left ventricular function: a new method for detection of silent myocardial ischaemia. AB - Demonstration of ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of chest pain should provide important confirmation of silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with asymptomatic ST segment changes. For this purpose, a new portable scintillation probe (VEST) similar to a miniaturized nuclear stethoscope combined with a Holter ECG was evaluated. After standard equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography with technetium-99m labelled red blood cells, the VEST was positioned under gamma-camera control and data were recorded from 1-12 h in 61 unselected patients. Ejection fraction (LVEF), relative changes in volumes, heart rate and ST segment changes were determined. Reproducibility of LVEF at rest (r = 0.91; variability 3.8 +/- 3%, N = 19) and during exercise (r = 0.98; variability 3.2 +/- 2%, N = 19) was good. In 15 asymptomatic exercise tests four different patterns of LVEF and ST segment responses were identified: (1) decrease in LVEF followed by significant ST depression (five times); (2) ST depression followed by decrease in LVEF (three times); (3) decrease in LVEF without significant ST changes (three times); and (4) ST depression without significant LVEF change (four times). In this still small series, patterns (1) to (3) corresponded to patients with documented coronary artery disease, which was not the case for pattern (4). For detection of silent ischaemia at rest, a decrease in LVEF of greater than 5% lasting for greater than 1 min was defined as ischaemic LV dysfunction. Using this definition, four spontaneous episodes of silent LV dysfunction could be demonstrated in two of three CCU patients with unstable angina during 160-680 min of data recordings without simultaneous ST changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246268 TI - Incorporation of doxorubicine in nanoparticles obtained by polymerization from non aqueous micromulsion. PMID- 3246269 TI - [Gamma rays and lyophilized collagen: effects of the radiation dose on the protein]. PMID- 3246270 TI - Biopharmaceutical study of a vitamin C controlled-release formulation. PMID- 3246271 TI - 3d meeting on heterocyclic structures in pharmaceutic research. Palermo, May 15 18, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3246272 TI - 3-diazopyrroles: key intermediates in the synthesis of antineoplastic agents. PMID- 3246273 TI - How medicinal chemistry triggers fundamental research in heterocyclic chemistry. The chemistry of 4-hydroxy-2-pyrones and a new imidazole antifungal agent. AB - The results herein described point out that the efforts devoted to the preparation of significant molecules can not be separated from those devoted to the discovery of new synthetic methodologies and to the solution of fundamental chemical problems. The border between basic and applied research vanishes very frequently. PMID- 3246274 TI - [Versatility of arterial and venous responses to the action of physiologic stimuli in rats with DOCA-salt hypertension]. AB - The reactivity of the rat popliteal, mesenteric and renal arteries and veins to electrical stimulation, noradrenaline, serotonin and potassium chloride in the DOCA-salt hypertension, was studied. The data obtained reveal the organ heterogeneity of the blood vessels contractile responses and the changes of arterial and venous responses in the hypertension, the character and extent of these changes depending on a particular vascular bed and the type of stimulation. Functional changes in hypertensive veins were stronger than in arteries. The artery and vein contractile responses were found to be associated with the external calcium altered in the hypertension. A direct influence of the DOCA and the salt overload on vascular reactivity was studied as well. PMID- 3246275 TI - [Arterial hypertension in dogs in a state of experimental informational pathology of higher nervous activity]. AB - A stable arterial hypertension was obtained in dogs by means of experimental pathology of higher nervous activity (behavior) produced with a prolonged work of the brain in conditions of unfavourably combined triad of factors: large volume of information to be processed and assimilated, the factor of time set for such brain work, and a high level of behavioral motivation. Three types of arterial hypertension were revealed to correlate with the changes in behaviour. One form of this behaviour is the self-regulatory activity reflecting the defense mechanisms of the brain. A high degree of self-regulatory behaviour was found to increase the stability of the organism in arterial hypertension, whereas weakening of the behavioral self-regulation favoured the occurrence and development of the hypertension. PMID- 3246276 TI - [Hemodynamics in emotional responses and in emotional stress]. AB - Negative emotional states induced with electrical stimulation of ventro-medial hypothalamus (VMH) or with behavioral conflicts were followed by vascular pressor responses tending to sum up. Positive emotional states were followed mainly by pressor-depressor vascular responses in animals. Obvious disorders of cardio vascular functions occurred in experimental-emotional stress, vascular responses to the VMH stimulation being mostly of the pressor character. Changes in vascular tone were shown to play a major part in disturbances of the AP regulation in the immobilization stress, a progressing fall in the AP due to a sharp decrease in total peripheral resistance being the main reason of the animals' death. The resistance of cardio-vascular functions against emotional stress seems to be determined mainly by genetic mechanisms. PMID- 3246277 TI - [Functional state of the positive reward system of the hypothalamus in arterial hypertension]. AB - Effects of acute and chronic arterial hypertension on self-stimulation operant behaviour were studied in cats and rats. Small doses of noradrenaline facilitated the self-stimulation, whereas high doses depressed or stopped it. The depressive effect was accompanied by an obvious increase in the blood pressure. Chronic neurogenic hypertension can be induced by means of overloading the higher nervous system. A marked suppression of self-stimulation behaviour was found in chronic hypertensive rats. Decrease of the arterial pressure induced with an anti hypertensive drug (catapresan) resulted in a temporary recovery of self stimulation reaction. Baroafferent mechanisms of inhibition of positive emotional structures of the hypothalamus are discussed. PMID- 3246278 TI - [Character of the baroreceptor reflexes in experimental arterial hypertension]. AB - In normotensive, barodenervated rats and those with experimental renal hypertension, arterial BP, heart rate and behaviour were recorded during aversive emotional stress. Cardiochronotropic component of the baroreceptor reflex and the activity of the energy metabolism enzymes were tested in structures of the medulla oblongata. The depression of the baroreceptor reflex in hypertensive rats was accompanied by no significant changes of enzymatic activity in the nucleus tractus solitarii but led to biphasic reactions of the BP during emotional stress. A possible role of the baroreceptor reflex suppression in genesis of hypertension is discussed. PMID- 3246280 TI - [Experimental analysis of the development of arterial hypertension in aging]. AB - The specifics of changes occurring in arterial BP and hemodynamics during a reproduction of various arterial hypertension models were studied in adult and old rabbits. In reproduction of reflexogenic and vasopressor hypertension, the animals revealed irregular changes in electrical activity of hypothalamic nuclei. Age-related differences of changes in the renin-aldosterone system were found. The data obtained suggest that changes of neural and hormonal control associated with ageing promote the development of arterial hypertension in old age. PMID- 3246279 TI - [Role of corticosteroid hormones in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension]. AB - In the presence of corticosterone, noradrenaline exerted a more obvious effect both on phasic and tonic components of portal vein constriction in hypertensive rats than in normotensive ones. The potentiation sharply increased the sensitivity of vessels to the transmitter. Stress induced a higher increase in corticosterone and BP in hypertensive rats as compared with normotensive ones. The some was true for sympatho-adrenal system of the animals. The receptor binding of corticosterone increased in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum in hypertensive rats. The data obtained are discussed from the standpoint of the participation of adrenal hormones in development of the hypertension. PMID- 3246281 TI - [Role of vasopressin in the development of arterial hypertension and the search for ways to correct it]. AB - The sensitivity of the vessel smooth muscles to vasopressin and their contractile responses were obviously increased in hypertensive rats, whereas the vasopressin inhibitory effect and tachyphylaxis were decreased. These changes seem to be connected with the prevalence of V1-activating over V2-inhibitory vasopressin receptors in hypertensive rats' vessel smooth muscles. Administration of lithium oxybutyrate for 4 weeks normalized central hemodynamics and decreased the sensitivity to vasopressin. The findings suggest a possible role of the inositol pathway in transmission of hormonal signal (vasopressin) to hypertensive rats' vessel smooth muscles as well as participation of vasopressin in pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and the possibility of using lithium oxybutyrate for its correction. PMID- 3246282 TI - [Functional effects of subthreshold stimulation of smooth muscle cells of the blood vessel]. AB - The effect of subthreshold electrical stimulation of smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall upon the level of tonic tension developed by the smooth muscle in response to distention, was studied in isolated segments of the rat tail artery. Low concentrations of catecholamines--30-300 times lesser than those ordinarily observed in the blood--as well as subthreshold electrical stimuli were shown to affect functional properties of the blood vessel's smooth muscles, potentiating the tonic tension developed by the vessel in response to distention. Calcium ions are necessary for the development of potentiating effect of the subthreshold stimuli upon the tone of the blood vessels. PMID- 3246283 TI - [Anthropophysiologic basis of the formation of arterial hypertension in primates]. AB - Comparative physiological analysis suggested evolutional direction of typical organization of the blood orthostatic regulation and its dependence upon the posture status in pronograde animals (rats, rabbits, cats, dogs) as well as in primates (humans, monkeys). Data on the evidence of functional adaptation of cardiovascular system under the conditions of experimental bipedal posture in monkeys are presented and the meaning of blood regulation according to the gravity factor in the development of arterial hypertension is discussed. PMID- 3246284 TI - [Behavioral and metabolic features of spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - 12-week old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats in comparison with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats had an enhanced behavioural activity associated with exploratory motivation and a lower one associated with the fear motivation, their daily activity and the activity associated with alternating illumination were also higher whereas their defecation was lower. No difference in oxygen metabolism was found at 12 weeks of age. 20-week SHR rats had a higher common oxygen consumption and lower pO2 and blood circulation velocity in the sensomotor area of the brain cortex. PMID- 3246285 TI - [Vasculo-thrombocyte hemostasis in arterial hypertension]. AB - The components of the vascular-thrombocyte hemostasis were studied in two models of arterial hypertension: the genetically determined spontaneous (SAH) hypertension and the acute renovascular one (RAH). The reactivity of thrombocytes to the aggregation inductors was increased in hypertensive rats. Disaggregation was considerably accelerated in RAH which led to a shortening of the aggregation response. The contents of serotonin free adenine nucleotides and glycogen were decreased in the thrombocyte of hypertensive rats, the serotonin exchange was altered and the aorta antiaggregation activity was enhanced. The model of laser induced thrombosis revealed an enhancement of thrombogenesis and a reduction of thromboresistance of the vessels in SAH. The prevalence of the thrombogenesis in vessels seems to be a potentiating factor for thrombosis in hypertension. PMID- 3246286 TI - [Intracranial hemodynamics in arterial hypertension (the renal model)]. AB - The changes of intracranial hemodynamics were studied at the early stage of vasorenal arterial hypertension in 7 rabbits. During first 4-5 weeks of the hypertension development, the AP increased to 170 mm Hg which was followed by a drop in the blood flow by 15% in the cortex and by 19% in white matter. The blood flow increment in response to inhalation of CO2 lowered from initial 120% to 106% in the cortex and from 126% to 109% in white matter. The data on the brain tissue impedance suggested an absence of the hyperhydration of extracellular space. A mathematical model of the development of cerebral hemodynamic shift was suggested for this form of arterial hypertension, and the hypothesis was formed that vasoconstrictor response of the brain resistive vessels decreased cerebral blood flow thus preventing th shift of the Starling equilibrium and the fluid outflow from the vascular bed. PMID- 3246287 TI - Univariate and multivariate analysis of associated factors of retinopathy in 894 Italian adult diabetics. AB - The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and the evaluation of its risk factors is poorly known in Italian population. Therefore, we have studied 894 diabetic outpatients (420 males, 474 females, 27.6% IDDs, 38.1% insulin-treated) in order to investigate the effect of clinical and metabolic characteristics on the frequency of diabetic retinopathy, classified into six different classes. In univariate analyses age, duration of disease, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, 24 hr proteinuria and fasting glycemia significantly correlated (p less than 0.001) with severity of retinopathy. The significance was confirmed in multivariate analysis for duration, age and systolic blood pressure (p less than 0.001). Stratification by type of diabetes showed that undefined onset of diabetes probably reduced in NID patients the power of duration as an associated factor of retinopathy. Worsening of this complication in three clinical classes of therapy (diet, oral and insulin treatment) is evident too. Finally, our 11 variables in the step-wise multiple regression analysis explain only 16.8% of diabetic retinopathy in all patients, but 36.6% in selected ID subjects. PMID- 3246288 TI - Increased prevalence of neurologic complications among insulin dependent diabetic patients of Algerian origin. AB - This study was undertaken to ascertain a clinical impression that the prevalence of complications is higher in insulin-dependent Algerian diabetics than in their European counterparts. Forty-one Algerian patients under regular follow-up for 2 years or more were closely matched to 41 French insulin dependent diabetics with regard to sex (34M/7F) and duration of disease (10.5 +/- 1 year; range 2 -32 years). Insulin dose, number of injections, arterial blood pressure, glycemia, glycosylated haemoglobin, cholesterolemia and triglyceridemia were similar in the two groups. The age at the time of diagnosis of diabetes was higher in the Algerian group (28.7 +/- 1.9 vs 21.4 +/- 1.7) as was the number of smokers (23/41 vs 12/41). No difference was noted between the two groups with respect to the prevalence of retinopathy (absent, simple, proliferative): 25, 12, and 4 vs 29, 9, and 3 or nephropathy (absent, incipiens, patent): 30, 6, 5 for the Algerians and 35, 3, 2 for the French. This suggest that long term metabolic control was relatively identical in the two groups. The incidence of neuropathy rated as absent, moderate (abolished reflexes, impaired pallesthesia, cardiac neuropathy) or severe was significantly higher in the Algerians (13, 16 and 12) as compared to the French (28, 10 and 3) p less than 0.01. Severe neuropathy in the Algerian group was often multiple (8/12), serious and early. The only difference between the neuropathic and non-neuropathic Algerian subgroups was the duration of disease (13.2 +/- 2.2 vs 7.3 +/- 0.01; p less than 0.01). Since there were apparently no acquired nutritional factors, an ethnic predisposition of Algerians to develop neuropathy seems likely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246289 TI - Induction of process outgrowth in vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines by a 2 pyridinyl thiosemicarbazone. AB - Regulation of differentiation in cells of disparate origin is often mediated by widely differing molecular signals and receptor mechanisms. For example, two neuron-like cell lines used extensively as models for molecular control of differentiation, the steroid-sensitive Kc line from Drosophila and the polypeptide- and cyclic nucleotide-sensitive PC12 line from rat, share no obvious growth factor or hormone receptors. However, we have found that a thiosemicarbazone, 1-pyrrolidinecarbothioic acid [1-(2-pyridinyl)ethylidene] hydrazide, one of a class of synthetic antineoplastic agents, induces process outgrowth - a marker of cellular differentiation - in cells of both of these lines. Moreover, the thiosemicarbazone induces process outgrowth in cells of mutant clones of these lines that are refractory to treatment with growth factors or hormones. Activity of the thiosemicarbazone is dependent upon the alpha-(N) heterocyclic ring. These findings show that the 2-pyridinyl thiosemicarbazone mimics the effects of diverse epigenetic factors in inducing process outgrowth similar to that seen in cellular differentiation of these cell lines induced by natural regulators. Regulation may be by a mechanism, common to both invertebrate and vertebrate cells, which occurs downstream from the receptors that have been previously shown to mediate epigenetically induced differentiation. PMID- 3246290 TI - Posthatching changes in levels and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in slow and fast muscles of the chicken: effects of denervation and direct electrical stimulation. AB - The evolution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and AChE molecular form distribution were studied in slow-tonic anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and in fast-twitch posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscles of chickens 2-18 days of age. In ALD as well as in PLD muscles, the AChE-specific activity increased transiently from day 2 to day 4; the activity then decreased more rapidly in PLD muscle. During this period asymmetric AChE forms decreased dramatically in ALD muscle and the globular forms increased. In PLD muscle, the most striking change was the decline in A8 form between days 2 and 18 of development. Denervation performed at day 2 delayed the normal decrease in AChE-specific activity in PLD muscle, whereas little change was observed in ALD muscle. Moreover, A forms in these two muscles were virtually absent 8 days after denervation. Direct electrical stimulation depressed the rise in AChE-specific activity in denervated PLD muscle and prevented the loss of the A forms. Furthermore, the different molecular forms varied according to the stimulus pattern. In ALD muscle, electrical stimulation failed to prevent the effect of denervation. This study emphasizes the differential response of denervated slow and fast muscles to electrical stimulation and stresses the importance of the frequency of stimulation in the regulation of AChE molecular forms in PLD muscle during development. PMID- 3246291 TI - Extracellular matrix synthesis is required for the movement of sclerotome and neural crest cells on collagen. AB - During early embryogenesis cells of several different populations disperse by active cell movement from one location to another. Preexisting extracellular materials are major determinants of these dispersal patterns, but the cells are also able to modify their substrata by synthesizing and secreting extracellular matrix molecules as they move. In order to determine the contribution made by these deposited materials, several tissues from the early chick embryo have been cultured in the presence of inhibitors of extracellular matrix synthesis and secretion. The tissues examined were sclerotome cells from differentiated somites and neural crest cells. For comparison, undifferentiated somites were also cultured. The movement of these cells was compared in type I collagen gel culture and in conventional culture on artificial substrata. Inhibitors of collagen synthesis were used (cis-hydroxy proline and L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid) in addition to a proteoglycan inhibitor (p-nitrophenyl-xylopyranoside) and a secretion inhibitor (monensin). Results indicate that sclerotome cells require collagen synthesis for movement in a collagen matrix. Reversal of the effects of collagen inhibitors, by proline and type II collagen, suggest that sclerotome cells normally condition the type I matrix in order to move in it. Inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis produced the greatest effect on the movement of neural crest cells regardless of the substratum, confirming an important role for these molecules in the crest migratory routes. The attachment of all cells to collagen was highly sensitive to the presence of monensin, which is known to reduce the deposition of glycosaminoglycans and fibronectin. These results suggest that conditioning of the extracellular matrix by newly synthesized material is required for cell attachment and movement during early development. PMID- 3246292 TI - Satellite cells from dystrophic (mdx) mouse muscle are stimulated by fibroblast growth factor in vitro. AB - Satellite cells cultured from dystrophic (mdx) and from control mouse hindlimb muscles grow and fuse to form muscle fibers within 4-5 days. Total cell number and muscle-fiber formation are stimulated by bovine fibroblast growth factor (FGF). At low FGF levels (0.02-0.20 ng/ml) control satellite cells as well as fibroblasts are unresponsive, while mdx satellite cells show three- to four-fold increases in growth. Control cells do not begin to respond until FGF levels reach 1-5 ng/ml. Heparin, a major constituent of muscle fiber basal lamina, inhibits myogenesis in these mouse muscle cultures. The heightened sensitivity of mdx satellite cells to FGF may permit high rates of new fiber formation in vivo without a parallel hyperplasia in the muscle fibroblast population. This finding may be important in explaining successful regeneration in mdx muscle in vivo and the fact that mdx animals escape the catastrophic symptoms seen in the related human Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 3246293 TI - Differential distribution of villin and villin MRNA in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. AB - The distribution of the mRNA encoding for villin, the major actin-binding protein of intestinal brush border, was studied during the differentiation of mouse intestinal epithelial cells and compared to the distribution of the protein. In situ hybridization using a cRNA clone specific for villin indicated that the distribution of the mRNA did not fully parallel that of the protein, although the overall labelling pattern for mRNA and protein along the crypt-villus axis was similar. While villin was present in equal amounts in all cells along the villi, villin-specific mRNA was mainly accumulated in the cells at the villus base, the area of the epithelium where terminal differentiation takes place and where the brush border is formed. PMID- 3246294 TI - [Changes in the mechanical parameters of single contractions of human skeletal muscles during various regimens of activation]. PMID- 3246295 TI - [Mechanisms of diaphoresis during muscular work]. PMID- 3246296 TI - [Quantitative assessment of the effect of factors determined by the procedure of measuring on the determination of the electrical properties of a biological object by surface electrodes]. PMID- 3246297 TI - [Thermal radiation of the lumbar region and its possible connection with kidney function]. PMID- 3246298 TI - [Changes in omega-potential in children 6-7 years of age during completion of mental, sensorimotor and physical tasks]. PMID- 3246299 TI - [Electrodes in polyelectroneurographic studies. Communication I. Problems in the use of nonpolarizing electrodes]. PMID- 3246300 TI - [A method of simulating the conditioning functions of the respiratory apparatus in the training process]. PMID- 3246301 TI - [Contactless coordinatiometer]. PMID- 3246302 TI - [Artificial stable functional bonds. New possibilities for regulating psychophysiologic status]. PMID- 3246304 TI - [Interhemispheric asymmetry of auditory evoked potentials of the brain in children and its alteration under the effect of training]. PMID- 3246303 TI - [Features of the bilateral relations of fluctuations of the biopotentials of the cerebral cortex in children with stuttering]. PMID- 3246305 TI - [Interhemispheric differences in the dynamics of image recognition]. PMID- 3246306 TI - [Factors limiting working capacity during additional resistance to respiration]. PMID- 3246307 TI - [Use of coefficients of the efficiency of the oxygen transport system in evaluating the functional potentials of the oxygen regimen of the body]. PMID- 3246309 TI - [Determinants of the directed regulation of the functional state in men]. PMID- 3246308 TI - [Role of the creatine phosphate mechanism in the energy supply of intensive physical load]. PMID- 3246310 TI - [Integral assessment of the functional state of the body]. PMID- 3246311 TI - [Iron metabolism in the body of healthy persons]. PMID- 3246312 TI - [Shifts in the efficiency of physiologic energy consumption in the process of work]. PMID- 3246313 TI - [Types of responses of the cardiac rhythm to short-term load and their connections with psychophysiologic features of personality (formalized approach)]. PMID- 3246314 TI - [Analysis of the rhythm dependence of cardiac ejection in newborn infants using M echocardiography]. PMID- 3246315 TI - [Biorhythmologic characterization of adaptive changes of the circulatory system in Antarctica]. PMID- 3246316 TI - [Influence of posture on exercise-induced electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes in patients with stable effort angina pectoris]. AB - The present work was performed in order to assess the differences in electrocardiographic and hemodynamic responses to supine and upright dynamic exercise of patients with coronary artery disease. Changes in heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, rate-pressure product (RPP) and ST segment depression during supine and upright bicycle stress test were compared in twenty patients suffering from stable effort angina and without previous myocardial infarction. In the supine posture lower values of HR were observed at rest, during stress test and during three minutes of the recovery period. Conversely, in all patients both SBP and DBP were higher during the stress test in the supine position decubitus. No significant changes in RPP was observed between the two different postures. Finally, ST segment didn't show differences at rest between the upright and supine position. All the patients had a lower ischemic threshold during exercise in the supine position than in the upright one. In fact an ST segment depression greater than 1 mm was observed during stress test in the supine position at lower work-load levels and at lesser HR values. Consequently for given HR, SBP and DBP ST segment, depression was greater in the supine rather than in the upright position. PMID- 3246317 TI - [Esophageal thoracic pain]. PMID- 3246318 TI - [Rupture of the interventricular septum in acute myocardial infarct: diagnosis by Doppler color code. Clinical case]. AB - Doppler Color Flow Mapping represents the most recent step in the evolution of Doppler techniques that display blood flow signals superimposed on real time, two dimensional echocardiographic images. The following case illustrates the utility of this technique in the diagnosis of a ventricular septal rupture complicating the course of an inferior wall acute myocardial re-infarction. An abnormal blood flow pattern from the left to right ventricle through the ventricular septum was promptly visualized. Early operative intervention may improve the prognosis of acute infarct-related ventricular septal rupture; Doppler Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography are at present the most rapid and reliable noninvasive techniques in the detection of post-infarct ventricular septal rupture and may greatly expedite medical and surgical management. PMID- 3246319 TI - [Multiple coronary artery-left ventricle fistulas in a patient with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an unusual cause of angina pectoris]. AB - A 50 year-old man had a history of crescendo exertional angina. Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings were typical of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Selective coronary angiography showed no atherosclerotic lesions, but there was a stream of dye into the left ventricle, via a tiny plexus of intramural vessels, from the distal third of the anterior descending coronary artery. The origin of myocardial ischemia has been related to a "steal" phenomenon, while this vascular anomaly could represent a disorder of the thebesian system, possibly due to the "disarray" of myocardial cells typical of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3246321 TI - [Ambulatory monitoring of arterial blood pressure. Problems and prospects]. PMID- 3246320 TI - [Digitalis intoxication in the presence of amiodarone-induced acute hepatitis]. AB - In this report, we describe a case of acute atypical hepatitis during chronic treatment with amiodarone in a patient in which symptoms of digitalis toxicity also developed. The sudden onset of these side effects, whose mechanisms are herein discussed, stresses the importance of a careful monitoring of patients treated with amiodarone. PMID- 3246322 TI - [Variability of arterial blood pressure: importance, mechanisms and clinical significance]. PMID- 3246324 TI - [Ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure in the diagnosis of hypertension]. PMID- 3246323 TI - [Normal values of arterial blood pressure in ambulatory monitoring]. PMID- 3246325 TI - [Monitoring of arterial blood pressure in the evaluation of antihypertensive treatment]. PMID- 3246326 TI - [Limitations of the current instrumentation for ambulatory measurement of arterial blood pressure]. PMID- 3246327 TI - [Occupational medicine in Mexico]. PMID- 3246328 TI - [Hormonal aspects of gynecologic pathology]. PMID- 3246329 TI - [New ideas on fever]. PMID- 3246330 TI - [Investigation of the anti-inflammatory effectiveness, tolerance and safety of cloprednol in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3246331 TI - [Oral hydration. Acceptance by the physician and the community]. PMID- 3246332 TI - [Aspirin, past, present and future of a quasi-secular drug]. PMID- 3246333 TI - [Limits to what can be done in critical diseases]. PMID- 3246334 TI - [Pneumology. Evolution and current status]. PMID- 3246335 TI - [Nature and purposes of the hospital]. PMID- 3246336 TI - [The therapeutic significance of endoscopy of the digestive system]. PMID- 3246337 TI - [Occupational diseases and their early diagnosis in industrial medicine]. PMID- 3246339 TI - [Commentary on the book "Fundamentals of Clinical Investigation"]. PMID- 3246338 TI - [The economic crisis and medicine in Mexico, 1987]. PMID- 3246340 TI - [Abuses of new technology and mistakes in the treatment of sterility]. PMID- 3246341 TI - [Creation of courses in medicine and modernization of the services of the Mexican Institute of Social Security]. PMID- 3246342 TI - [Autopsy: a procedure which has passed out of fashion?]. PMID- 3246343 TI - [Precipitating and associated factors in migraine headache]. PMID- 3246344 TI - [Surgical technic of injecting autologous adrenal medullary tissue into the caudate nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson disease]. PMID- 3246345 TI - [Lead levels in the blood, in the general population of Valle de Mexico. Preliminary study]. PMID- 3246346 TI - [Control of the quality of medical care. Investigation on a world-wide level]. PMID- 3246347 TI - [Hepatic fibropolycystic disease (Caroli's disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis)]. PMID- 3246348 TI - [Ceremony commemorating the 20th anniversary of the Central Hospital of the Mexican Red Cross]. PMID- 3246349 TI - Senescence in Podospora anserina: a possible role for nucleic acid interacting proteins suggested by the sequence analysis of a mitochondrial DNA region specifically amplified in senescent cultures. AB - In Podospora anserina, the phenomenon of senescence was previously shown to be correlated with the presence of a senescence-specific DNA (sen-DNA) resulting from the amplification of some regions (alpha, beta, gamma, epsilon) of the mitochondrial chromosome. The beta region gives rise to sen-DNAs with variable sizes and junctions which share a 1,100-bp common sequence. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of one 4-kb beta sen-DNA. Included in the sequence are a large part of the first intron open reading frame (ORF) of the gene ND4L and three short unidentified ORFs more precisely located in the common beta region. The primary structure of the polypeptide possibly encoded by one of them is very similar to the glycine-rich domains present in various single-stranded DNA-binding proteins. The comparison of the information content of this beta sen DNA with that of other previously sequenced sen-DNAs suggests that the role in the senescence process attributed to the sen-DNAs could be related to the overproduction of a variety of proteins which interact with nucleic acids. PMID- 3246350 TI - Non-homologous integration of transforming vectors in the fungus Podospora anserina: sequences of junctions at the integration sites. AB - Transformation of the ura5-6 mutant strain of Podospora anserina with a recombinant vector carrying the ura5+ gene often results in the integration of the transforming plasmid by non-homologous recombination outside of the genomic ura5 locus. To investigate the mechanism of such integration, we rescued the integrated plasmid from three transformants. In two cases, the rescued plasmid was highly altered compared with the original transforming vector. We cloned the junctions between plasmidic DNA and genomic DNA of the transformants and determined their nucleotide sequences. It was found that there was little homology between plasmidic and genomic DNA sequences. Moreover, in all cases deletions of plasmid sequences at the integration site had occurred. These rearrangements can be explained by the formation of multimeric plasmids prior to integration. PMID- 3246351 TI - The identification, molecular cloning and characterisation of a gene from Phanerochaete chrysosporium that shows strong homology to the exo cellobiohydrolase I gene from Trichoderma reesei. AB - We have identified a genomic DNA fragment from the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P.c.) that hybridizes to a DNA probe encoding part of the exo-cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) gene of Trichoderma reesei (T.r.). This fragment has been subcloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. We demonstrate that it could encode a 516 residue protein that shows strong homology with the known protein sequence of CBHI from T.r. Comparison of the two nucleotide sequences identifies two regions within the P.c. sequence that are not represented in T.r. Further inspection of these regions reveals sequences closely related to the conserved elements of filamentous fungal introns. We conclude that the P.c. genomic sequence contains the same number of introns (2) as found in T.r. but that these are located at different relative positions within the two genes. The transcript from the P.c. sequence is induced in the presence of cellulose but not by glucose and we therefore conclude that this sequence represents the first cellulase gene to have been described from this organism. PMID- 3246352 TI - A novel strategy for one-step cloning of full-length cDNA and its application to the genome of barley stripe mosaic virus. AB - We have devised a novel vector-primer strategy for cloning of full-length (FL) cDNA which can be applied to non-polyadenylated RNA species. Single-stranded plasmid DNA is used to prime first-strand synthesis by reverse transcriptase, and plasmids covalently linked to FL cDNA are then circularized by the annealing of a specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide (band-aid oligo). Only limited nucleotide sequence data are required from the termini of each RNA species to be cloned to design the plasmid primer and band-aid oligo. The band-aid strategy has been applied to the cloning of barley stripe mosaic virus genomic RNAs, and found to be both rapid and efficient. A strategy for the preparation of linear double stranded plasmid DNA templates (suitable for run-off in vitro transcription) which is independent of restriction sites present within the cloned cDNA is also described. PMID- 3246353 TI - Vectors for Drosophila P-element-mediated transformation and tissue culture transfection. AB - We describe nine P-element vectors that can be used to study gene regulation and function in Drosophila. These vectors were designed for use in germline transformation and cell culture transfection assays. One set consists of five P elements that can be used to study transcriptional regulatory sequences. These vectors contain several unique restriction sites for insertion of a foreign promoter upstream from either a cat or lacZ reporter gene. Two of the beta galactosidase-coding vectors also require the insertion of a start codon for translation of the reporter enzyme and thus can be used to study translational regulatory sequences. The second set of P elements consists of four vectors that contain the Drosophila cytoplasmic actin 5C promoter and polyadenylation signals. Upon insertion of a foreign DNA segment, these vectors direct constitutive expression of the encoded RNA and protein. PMID- 3246354 TI - High-level synthesis in Escherichia coli of functional cap-binding eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-4E and affinity purification using a simplified cap-analog resin. AB - Numerous studies have established the important role that eukaryotic initiation factor-4E (eIF-4E) plays during protein biosynthesis. However, biochemical characterization of eIF-4E has proved difficult, mainly because of its low abundance in cells. To facilitate studies on eIF-4E, we have overexpressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae eIF-4E in Escherichia coli. The isolation of eIF-4E was simplified by using a cap-analog affinity matrix (agarose resin) that is considerably less demanding to prepare than those previously reported. We describe a simple and rapid purification scheme that can yield 2-5 micrograms of a homogenous and active preparation of eIF-4E from 1 ml of E. coli culture. E. coli-expressed eIF-4E is active as determined by its ability to bind the cap structure. The results demonstrate that the cap-binding activity of eIF-4E is not dependent on the presence of other proteins that are present at low levels in eIF 4E preparations isolated from eukaryotic cells. PMID- 3246355 TI - Multigene families of Cellulomonas flavigena encoding endo-beta-1,4-glucanases (CM-cellulases). AB - Multiple genes coding for endo-beta-1,4-glucanases (CM-cellulases) have been isolated from a newly discovered highly cellulolytic strain of Cellulomonas flavigena. Clones of C. flavigena DNA were isolated in Escherichia coli and screened for gene expression on CM-cellulose plates staining with congo red. Six clones produced CM-cellulase activity as detected in liquid assays, and on activity gels. They fell into three groups within which the sequences cross hybridised. There were small differences in the pH and temperature optima of the enzymes encoded by representatives of the three groups of clones. PMID- 3246356 TI - Sequence analysis of a processed gene coding for mouse ribosomal protein L32. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a mouse ribosomal protein gene, identified by hybridization with the gene encoding the Drosophila ribosomal (r-) protein 49, was determined by cloning in the phage M13 and dideoxy sequencing. The mouse gene, L32', is a member of the multigene family encoding mammalian r-protein L32. L32' is a processed gene that could encode a 135 amino acid protein similar to that of mouse L32 and Drosophila r-protein 49. PMID- 3246357 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of the methods of obtaining trophoblastic villi in the first trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 3246358 TI - [Smoking and passive smoking during pregnancy and after labor: their effects on birth weight, duration of lactation and cotinine level in mother's milk and its urinary excretion by the infant]. PMID- 3246359 TI - [Effect of massage of the breasts in prolonged pregnancy on cervical maturation]. PMID- 3246360 TI - [Induced abortion in the second trimester by intra-amniotic administration of PGF2 alpha]. PMID- 3246361 TI - [Iron, copper and zinc in the female system during pregnancy. II. Iron, copper and zinc levels in the blood serum, hair and saliva]. PMID- 3246362 TI - [The professional ethics of midwives]. PMID- 3246363 TI - [Carrying a fetus to term twice in high risk pregnancy and giving birth to healthy infants by a woman with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3246364 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the uterine vein in the 33d week of pregnancy]. PMID- 3246365 TI - Fertilization in a chiton: acrosome-mediated sperm-egg fusion. AB - Contrary to the widely accepted view that chiton sperm lack acrosomes and that fertilization in this group occurs via a micropyle, we demonstrate here that fertilization in Tonicella lineata occurs by acrosome-mediated sperm-egg fusion. The acrosome is a small vesicle containing two granules located at the tip of the sperm. The eggs have an elaborate hull (= chorion), which is formed into cupules that remain covered by follicle cells until maturity. When dissected ripe eggs were exposed to sperm in vitro, the sperm were attracted only to open cupules, inside which they swam through one of seven channels to the base where they penetrated the hull. The acrosome fired on contact with, or in, the hull, and during passage through it the apical granule was exhausted while the basal granule was exposed. If sperm contacted follicle cells between the cupules the acrosome did not react. The vitelline layer beneath the hull contains pores arranged in a regular pattern. Embedded in the base of each pore is an egg microvillus. Having penetrated the hull the sperm anterior filament located a pore and fused with the tip of the egg microvillus projecting into it. This created a membranous tube, through which the sperm nucleus was injected into the egg. The egg membrane appeared to be raised up into a small fertilization cone around the penetrating sperm, the vitelline layer became slightly elevated, and some cortical granules were released by exocytosis. PMID- 3246366 TI - Wheat germ agglutinin treatment of follicle cell-free mouse oocytes inhibits fertilization. AB - Controversy exists whether treatment of follicle cell-free oocytes with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) prevents fertilization. Lack of inhibition in one case has led to the suggestion that acrosin may not be a zona lysin. To re-examine the effect of the WGA, the zona pellucida of follicle cell-free mouse oocytes was made more resistant to proteinase digestion by treatment with 10 or 50 micrograms/ml WGA. Such WGA-treated oocytes showed decreased fertilizability when washed to remove excess WGA and incubated with capacitated spermatozoa. Oocyte cleavage was used as an end point, because a large number of spermatozoa adhered to the eggs after WGA treatment, making observation of sperm penetration and pronucleus formation unreliable. Resistance to proteinase digestion increased, and the fertilizability decreased with the higher amount of WGA. The action of WGA was most likely not mediated by a direct effect on sperm motility, sperm acrosin activity, sperm binding to the zona pellucida, or oocyte cleavage. WGA did not affect the acrosome reaction of guinea pig spermatozoa. These data show that WGA treatment of follicle cell-free mouse oocytes results in decreased fertilizability, possibly by rendering the zona pellucida more resistant to sperm proteinase digestion. PMID- 3246367 TI - Follicular factors influence oocyte fertilizability by modulating the intercellular cooperation between cumulus cells and oocyte. AB - In order to investigate whether the follicular tissue influences cumulus-oocyte interaction and, consequently, the fertilizability of the egg, four experiments were carried out. In the first, cumulus-enclosed pig oocytes were cultured for 44 h in control medium (modified TCM-199) or in follicle-conditioned medium, and the intercellular coupling was studied by measuring 3H-uridine uptake. In control medium the intercellular cooperation started to decline immediately, and at 24-32 h the uncoupling was almost complete. By contrast, in follicle, conditioned medium, it remained at high levels until 24-32 h. In the second experiment protein synthesis patterns of oocytes were studied. Oocytes cultured in conditioned medium were characterized by a 45-kD protein band, while those maturing in control medium were identifiable by a marked 56-kD band. In the third experiment mature oocytes were fertilized in vitro. The percentage of penetrated egg was higher in oocytes matured in conditioned medium than in control medium. In addition, only oocytes matured in conditioned medium could consistently decondense spermatozoa and form male pronuclei. Metabolic cooperation, protein synthesis patterns, and fertilizability were also studied in oocytes matured in control medium supplemented with either 17 beta-estradiol or progesterone or testosterone or dihydrotestosterone or androstenedione or ether extract of conditioned medium. Only ether extract and progesterone stimulated cumulus oocyte interaction and sperm decondensation. In the last experiment oocytes denuded at different stage of their maturation in conditioned medium were fertilized in vitro. The longer the eggs were cultured with the cumulus, the higher was their penetrability. Moreover, only oocytes denuded after 40 h of culture could, once fertilized, promote the formation of male pronuclei. These data demonstrate that follicular secretions are fundamental for the maintenance in vitro of a functional intercellular coupling between cumulus and oocyte, which is necessary for the egg to become penetrable by spermatozoa and to acquire the conditions required for the formation of male pronuclei. PMID- 3246368 TI - Capacitation potential of the fallopian tube: a study involving surgical insemination and the subsequent incidence of polyspermy. AB - In an attempt to demonstrate limitations in the capacitating potential of the Fallopian tube, ejaculated boar spermatozoa were introduced directly into the isthmus at varying intervals before ovulation. The incidence and degree of polyspermy subsequently observed were taken as indicators of the population of capacitated spermatozoa confronting the newly ovulated eggs: the more extensive the condition of polyspermy, the greater the number of capacitated spermatozoa presumed to have been available at the site of fertilization. Results are based on 673 eggs from 53 animals. When suspensions containing 2.21-3.87 x 10(8) sperm per ml were introduced 36-40 hours and 26-30 hours before ovulation, 85% and 61% respectively of the eggs were polyspermic, such eggs exhibiting mainly dispermy and trispermy. By contrast, when comparable sperm suspensions from the same boar were instilled 17-18 hours before ovulation, 70% of the eggs were polyspermic but the degree of polyspermy had increased dramatically: most eggs contained 40 or more sperm heads in the vitellus, invariably forming swollen chromatin aggregates rather than male pronuclei. Surgical insemination at times closer to ovulation significantly reduced the incidence and degree of polyspermy, reaching a low of 2% with insemination 1-2 hours before ovulation. These results therefore support the concept of a limited capacitation potential of the Fallopian tube. In a separate series of observations, mating animals shortly before surgical insemination with sperm suspensions from the same boar markedly reduced the incidence of polyspermy. This latter observation may be of clinical significance in procedures of laparoscopic or transcervical insemination into the tubes to alleviate human infertility. The manner whereby myosalpingeal physiology could be modified in response to coital stimulation is discussed. PMID- 3246369 TI - Cleavage characteristics of mouse embryos inseminated and cultured after zona pellucida drilling. AB - The effects of zona drilling on mouse embryo development in vitro were evaluated. Following insemination, sperm were immediately concentrated at the area of drilling, and in zona-drilled eggs, pronuclei appeared 30-50 min earlier than in zona-intact controls. Zona-drilled oocytes fertilized at significantly higher rates than undrilled controls and, consequently, a greater percentage of eggs inseminated after zona drilling reached the blastocyst stage. The attrition rates of zona-drilled embryos at each cleavage stage did not differ significantly from controls. Manipulated embryos exhibited unique cleavage patterns. Some embryos lost their zonae entirely, whereas others became partially extruded at early cleavage stages. These anomalies led to separation of blastomeres from the zygote proper, aggregation of embryos to form giant composite morulae and blastocysts, and occasionally to formation of miniature twin blastocysts. These characteristics of cleavage indicate that although zona drilling of a cohort of oocytes is likely to lead to an increased number of live births relative to controls, some developmental abnormalities can be encountered, and these may be associated with embryo loss, spontaneous chimerism, or possibly with conception of monozygotic twins. PMID- 3246370 TI - Effects of porcine follicular fluid on male pronucleus formation in porcine oocytes matured in vitro. AB - Porcine follicular oocytes, collected from antral follicles (2-5 mm in diameter) of gilt ovaries, were matured in vitro with or without porcine follicular fluid (pFF), gonadotrophins (GTH) or fetal calf serum (FCS) for 48 hours at 37 degrees C under 5% CO2 in air, and their ability of male pronucleus (mPN) formation was examined after in vitro fertilization. Formation of mPN was observed in 38.6% of penetrated oocytes matured in modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (TYH) 18 hours after insemination. The addition of GTH into the maturation medium did not improve the proportion of mPN-formed oocytes (20-30%). In contrast, the mPN formation rate elevated significantly (59.5%) when the oocytes were cultured with pFF, and the addition of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) enhanced this pFF action (the rate became 81.0%). In the presence of FSH, significant pFF effect was observable at the concentration of 5%, and its efficiency was elevated with the increase of pFF concentration. When the oocytes were matured with FCS, the mPN formation rate was unchanged or decreased rather than improved (0-25%). These results suggest that pFF, but not FCS, have substance(s) stimulating the ability of mPN formation in porcine oocytes. PMID- 3246371 TI - Phospholipid composition of isolated guinea pig sperm outer acrosomal membrane and plasma membrane during capacitation in vitro. AB - After capacitation of guinea pig spermatozoa in vitro, the plasma membrane was mechanically separated from the spermatozoa in the presence or absence of HgCl2 and subsequently isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Examination of the spermatozoa by electron microscopy after homogenization in the presence of HgCl2 revealed that plasma membrane was removed only from the acrosomal region and remained predominantly intact posterior to the equatorial segment of the sperm head, as well as the midpiece and tail. In comparison, spermatozoa homogenized under similar buffer conditions but in the absence of HgCl2 lose the large apical segment of the acrosome and the plasma membrane is removed essentially from the entire cell. If spermatozoa were homogenized in the absence of Hg2+, analysis of plasma membrane phospholipid composition revealed a complete loss of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) from the plasma membrane after incubation of spermatozoa in minimal capacitating medium (MCM-PL) for 2 hours. Under these culture conditions the addition of Ca2+ (5 mM) to the capacitated spermatozoa induced approximately 78 +/- 5% (n = 3) of the motile spermatozoa to undergo acrosome reactions while still maintaining sperm motility (80 +/- 5%) (n = 3). If the spermatozoa were homogenized in the presence of Hg2+, a time course study revealed that plasma membrane LPC loss occurred between 60 and 90 minutes of incubation. This complete loss of LPC was evident when approximately half of the capacitated spermatozoa had undergone acrosome reactions. Incubation of the spermatozoa with the metabolic and acrosome reaction inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (10 mM) for 2 hours, maintained the plasma membrane phospholipid composition similar to that in the noncapacitated state. These data provide evidence that changes in the plasma membrane phospholipid composition may be associated with guinea pig sperm capacitation. PMID- 3246372 TI - Different outcomes of sperm competition in right and left sides of the female reproductive tract revealed by thymidine-3H-labeled spermatozoa in the rat. AB - We attempted to record directly the results of sperm competition between two male rats in samples from female reproductive tracts. Gametes of 7 male rats were labeled in vivo by repeated injections of thymidine-6-3H. 33 females were mated successively with one of the injected males and with a noninjected male, or vice versa. Samples of the resulting sperm mixtures were recovered from both the uterine horns and the oviducts of the females. Pure samples of the injected males' sperm were obtained from uterine horns of females mated solely to them. Smears of samples were evaluated autoradiographically. Except for one male, the injections resulted in a broad peak of sperm labeling with maximum intensity on days 56-58 postinjection. This labeling enabled the assessing of contribution of either male to uterine and tubal sperm in the competitive matings. The injections did not influence competitive ability of male gametes in terms of sperm transport to horns or oviducts. The outcomes of sperm competition were significantly different in the right and left sides in most female subjects. Nevertheless, the outcomes were usually similar in a horn and a tube on the same side of the body. In vivo sperm labeling appears to be a useful method in the study of rodent sperm competition. PMID- 3246373 TI - HLA antigens in the Uitoto Indians and an urban population of Colombia. AB - One hundred individuals from the city of Bogota and 32 Uitoto Indians from the Colombian Amazonia were HLA-typed. The results showed that the two populations differ significantly in the frequencies of the alleles A28, B15, B39, Bw51, Cw2, Cw3 and DRw52. In general, the Uitoto Indians resemble, in their histocompatibility antigens, other Latin-American Indians so far studied. PMID- 3246374 TI - Population studies in northern Sweden. XV. Transferrin C subtypes. AB - The frequencies of transferrin C (TF C) subtypes were studied in 315 Finns, 222 Swedish Lapps and in 4,157 conscripts and blood donors from the counties of Norrbotten and Vasterbotten in northern Sweden. The Swedish individuals were distributed according to place of birth into 23 subpopulations or regions. A significant heterogeneity between the 23 regions was observed for the TF C1, C2 and C3 genes and for rare genes. Clines were found for the TF C1 and C3 genes and for rare transferrin genes in northern Sweden. The frequencies of the C1 and C3 genes were increasing in the southwestern and northeastern direction, respectively, and the frequency of the rare transferrin genes was increasing in the northern direction. The geographical picture of the C3 gene and of rare transferrin genes could be interpreted in terms of Finnish influence. The frequency of the TF C3 gene in Finland and northern Sweden (14 and 15%) is the highest so far reported in the world. The overall picture of geographical variations of the C1 and C2 genes were not explainable in terms of ethnic influence and may be caused by random differentiation and/or selective forces. PMID- 3246375 TI - Correlation between native and desialyzed forms of orosomucoid. AB - The correlation between ORM phenotypes in untreated serum and ORM phenotypes after isoelectric focusing of neuraminidase-treated serum is demonstrated. ORM subtypes were determined using isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. Population genetic studies of ORM polymorphism in the Galician population were also carried out. PMID- 3246376 TI - Apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphism in the Finnish population: gene frequencies and description of a rare allele. AB - The apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) allele frequencies were determined in 387 adult Finns by immunoblotting after isoelectric focusing of serum. The gene frequencies were: A-IV1 = 0.942 and A-IV2 = 0.058. The phenotypes of 147 mother-child pairs studied were in accordance with the two allelic modes of inheritance. In 2 subjects, a rare apoA-IV variant was found. PMID- 3246377 TI - ABO blood groups, intestinal alkaline phosphatase and haptoglobin types in patients with serum hepatitis. AB - A series of 150 patients with serum hepatitis were examined for the incidence of the Australia antigen (HBsAg) and associations with ABO blood groups, haptoglobin types and occurrence of intestinal serum alkaline phosphatase. Among the patients studied 11.3% were positive for HBsAg. When compared to controls patients with blood group O showed a significantly increased risk for serum hepatitis (p less than 0.05), while those with group B showed a decreased risk (p less than 0.01). The presence of the intestinal fraction of alkaline phosphatase showed a negative association with serum hepatitis (p less than 0.01) and there was no significant association between alkaline phosphatase types and ABO groups among the patients. The frequency of the Hp1 gene was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) among the patients as compared to controls. PMID- 3246378 TI - Evidence for a new allele at the esterase D (E.C.3.1.1.1) locus. AB - A new rare allele for esterase D (ESD) is described in a family from Dusseldorf. The variant was tentatively named ESD Dus 2. PMID- 3246379 TI - Fit of isolation by distance models: curve fitting. PMID- 3246380 TI - Newer regimens of antimicrobial therapy for acute suppurative osteoarticular infections. PMID- 3246381 TI - The challenge of child emergency care. PMID- 3246382 TI - Imaging the child with multiple trauma. PMID- 3246383 TI - Pediatric trauma and primary health care. PMID- 3246384 TI - Pediatric emergency and trauma care--are the needs being met in India? PMID- 3246385 TI - Percentile growth charts for Punjabi infants. PMID- 3246386 TI - Effect of varying intervals of starvation on perioperative blood glucose levels. PMID- 3246387 TI - Evaluation of different induction regimens in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3246388 TI - Congenital eventration of the diaphragm. PMID- 3246390 TI - Doppler echocardiography. PMID- 3246389 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia past infancy. PMID- 3246391 TI - Colour Doppler echocardiography (CDE) in congenital heart diseases. PMID- 3246392 TI - Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of atrial septal defect. PMID- 3246393 TI - Cardiac pacing. PMID- 3246394 TI - Breast milk total nitrogen nonprotein nitrogen and lactoferrin content. PMID- 3246395 TI - Prevalence of hepatitis-B virus markers in multi-transfused thalassemic patients. PMID- 3246396 TI - Neonatal tetanus mortality in a rural community of Haryana. PMID- 3246397 TI - Change in neonatal care pattern and neonatal mortality in a rural medical college. PMID- 3246398 TI - Mortality characteristics of neonates with birth weight above 2000 g. PMID- 3246399 TI - Increased food intake in children treated with puffed rice based ORS. PMID- 3246400 TI - Diarrhea beliefs and practices among rural mothers of Delhi. PMID- 3246401 TI - Treatment of appendicular mass in children. PMID- 3246403 TI - Superior sternal cleft. PMID- 3246402 TI - Multinodular infantile hemangioendothelioma of liver. PMID- 3246404 TI - Unusual cause of stridor. PMID- 3246405 TI - Should we still transfuse acid blood in neonates. PMID- 3246406 TI - Anthropometric measurements and prevalence of LBW in Himachal Pradesh. PMID- 3246407 TI - Self audit for rational medical treatment. PMID- 3246408 TI - Vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 3246409 TI - Bowel pattern and weight gain in breast fed infants. PMID- 3246410 TI - [The preformed pedodontic crown for restoration of deciduous molars]. PMID- 3246411 TI - [The use of magnets in orthodontics: gadget or revolution?]. PMID- 3246412 TI - [Lipoaspiration]. PMID- 3246413 TI - [AIDS and hepatitis B. Protection of the assistant from soiled needles and blades]. PMID- 3246414 TI - [The concept of health: from biological to cultural, from professional to secular]. PMID- 3246415 TI - [Instrument ergonomies. Alternative to the prepreparation tray for the patient: the prepreparation tray for the procedure]. PMID- 3246416 TI - [Multidisciplinary treatment of coronal-radicular fractures of permanent teeth in children]. PMID- 3246417 TI - [Lingual dysfunction and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome]. PMID- 3246418 TI - [Qualitative evaluation of the efficiency of new mechanized endodontic technics: macroscopic and microscopic studies]. PMID- 3246419 TI - [Focus on lasers in dentistry]. PMID- 3246420 TI - [Fixed prosthetic in metropolitan France. Survey and statistical analysis]. PMID- 3246421 TI - [A third type of office: orthodontics]. PMID- 3246422 TI - [Radiologic case]. PMID- 3246423 TI - [The gingiva and puberty]. PMID- 3246424 TI - ["Micki" faithful prophylaxis assistant goes to Egypt]. PMID- 3246425 TI - [Indications and contraindications for mucogingival surgery in periodontal treatment]. PMID- 3246426 TI - [Dentistry: a profession at high risk for the hands]. PMID- 3246427 TI - [A mandibular osteoma, radiographic exploration]. PMID- 3246428 TI - [Innovations in our office]. PMID- 3246429 TI - [Maintenance in periodontology]. PMID- 3246430 TI - [Oral status of 10- to 13 year-old children in orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3246431 TI - ["Innocent hands"]. PMID- 3246432 TI - [Experimental pharmacology and the discovery of new medications]. PMID- 3246433 TI - [Properties of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)]. PMID- 3246434 TI - [Prescription of antibiotics in dentistry]. PMID- 3246435 TI - [Use of analgesics in dentistry]. PMID- 3246436 TI - [The prescription of sedatives in dentistry]. PMID- 3246437 TI - [The first steps in professional practice]. PMID- 3246438 TI - [Complete overlay dentures. Modeled teeth and parabolic domes]. PMID- 3246439 TI - [Ergonomics + asepsis = dam]. PMID- 3246440 TI - [The nasal pyramid: from "classical" anatomy to the tomodensitometric approach]. PMID- 3246441 TI - [Fixed restorations, the dentogingival junction and incorporated restorations]. PMID- 3246442 TI - [Laboratory ceramics: a question of precision]. PMID- 3246443 TI - [When to start with composites? Today]. PMID- 3246444 TI - [The role of the dental assistant in oral surgery procedures]. PMID- 3246445 TI - [A dental office at an altitude of 3,500 meters]. PMID- 3246446 TI - [Epidemiological approach to pathology of the first permanent molar]. PMID- 3246447 TI - [Experimental study of instrumental dynamics applied to an automated endodontic system: the Canal Finder System (C.F.S.)]. PMID- 3246448 TI - [The dental assistant: view of the profession]. PMID- 3246449 TI - From inquiry to judgment: age and sex differences in patterns of adult moral thinking and information-seeking. AB - This research examined age and sex variations in moral judgment processes across the life-span, primarily using objective questionnaire techniques. Both stage level of judgment and patterns of requests for further information following dilemma presentation were studied in 242 respondents, ages fourteen to ninety two, in order to measure individual differences in judgment orientations hypothesized by Gilligan and suggested by theorists of aging. There were few indications of sex differences in either stage or patterns of information seeking, except for a generally greater preference for additional information in decision-making by women. With respect to age trends, participants over age seventy-five scored at significantly lower stage levels than younger adult groups. However, elderly adults' judgments did not appear simply "regressed" to earlier developmental levels. On both objective and open-ended measures, older participants seemed more likely than younger groups to assimilate moral dilemma information to their own general cognitive frameworks, consistent with an hypothesis of greater synthesis in judgment among the elderly. PMID- 3246451 TI - The concept of happiness: a multidimensional scaling investigation. AB - This study investigated the concept of happiness using multidimensional scaling analyses. Two samples were studied. The first contained 100 adult males and females, aged nineteen to ninety (M = 39.5). The second contained 126 female adults, aged twenty-six to eighty-nine (M = 61.3), all Catholic nuns. Respondents provided word associates to the words happiness and unhappiness during separate one-minute intervals. Subsequently, the twelve most frequent associates and the word happiness were used in a written paired comparison task of dissimilarities between all possible pairs. In both samples, a two-dimensional space was judged to optimally fit the data. The first dimension was interpreted as a bipolar affective dimension. The second dimension was one-fifth and one-third as salient as the first dimension in the respective samples, and was interpreted as representing personal independence. Two-dimensional spaces of young, middle-aged, and old subsamples of sample one were, in large part, similar to the total space. Three age trends were noted. PMID- 3246450 TI - Life-span determinants of work in retirement years. AB - This article presents the results of a path analysis to clarify the life-span determinants of work effort in postretirement years. It was found that personal and structural characteristics are different between a group of retirees who did not work in the three years after retirement and those that worked more than 300 hours annually. Those that participated in the labor force after retirement experienced more successful employment histories before retirement. On the other hand, people with more marginal work histories were less likely to sustain work efforts after retirement, despite lower income. PMID- 3246452 TI - Ending one's life in a nursing home: a note on Swedish findings. AB - Statistics on place of death, validated against longitudinal evidence on the entrance into nursing homes, show the "final" rate of institutionalization to have risen in the decades between 1938 and 1975 in Sweden. In a local study, 15 percent entered a nursing home between the ages of sixty-seven and eighty, which seems representative of national trends. The "final" rate is estimated to be between 22 percent and a maximum of about 40 percent. Currently, the socially and economically deprived dominate in Swedish nursing homes just as they did in the poor house of the past. Yet, rising rates may indicate raised welfare for the poorest in society. Issues concerning who is institutionalized and why appear more important than precise measurement of rates of institutionalization. PMID- 3246454 TI - The great symphony orchestra--a relatively good place to grow old. AB - The retired musicians of one of America's great symphony orchestras were interviewed. Their careers, which began in the 1930s and 1940s, were long, with retirement sometimes occurring when they were well over seventy years old. Older players were valued for their excellence and experience and were difficult to replace. Obsolescence was not a problem, and the gradual deterioration of playing with age was generally not incompatible with working to an advanced age. Players of string instruments had longer careers than players of woodwind and brass instruments. The players liked their careers and usually cited artistic reasons and the current reputation of the orchestra for their satisfaction. Although the musicians continue to love music and listen to it after retirement, few continue to play seriously. PMID- 3246453 TI - Effects of bereavement/loss and pre-event status on subsequent physical health in older adults. AB - Males and females aged fifty-five and older were interviewed before and after three types of bereavement/loss: attachment bereavement (child, spouse, parent), nonattachment bereavement (sibling, grandchild, close friend), and other losses (nonbereavements). Five measures of health were used. Before pre-event health was accounted for on self-report measures of health status and medical conditions, pre-event measures of environmental factors and impact measures of bereavement/loss events had significant but modest effects on post-event health. However, after pre-event health was taken into account, the effects of bereavement and other losses were pale in comparison. Bereavement/loss events were not related to subsequent deaths, health events, or the use of medical services. Environmental factors were modestly predictive of nonattachment bereavements and other losses. An unexpected finding was that other losses had stronger effects on health than bereavements. Trend analysis over eighteen months showed a modest decline in health status immediately after a loss event, followed by an improvement in health. In general, this older adult sample handled bereavements and other losses with minimal morbidity and mortality. PMID- 3246455 TI - The value of cat ownership to elderly women living alone. AB - A survey of elderly women was carried out to discover their attitudes towards pet cats. The women were living in publicly-owned pensioner housing in two New Zealand cities. In one city cats were allowed in the pensioners' housing and in the other city they were not. Attitudes towards cats were more positive in the city where cats were allowed, and more positive if pensioners owned a cat, or wished to own one. As positive attitudes towards cats outweighed negative ones, the City Authority which had prohibited cats reversed its policy. There was conflicting evidence about the role of cats in reducing feelings of loneliness. It appears that "loneliness" signifies the loss of many aspects of social interaction and that pets may substitute for only some of these interactions. PMID- 3246456 TI - Senior adult sexuality in age segregated and age integrated communities. AB - Middle-income older adults who select to reside in age-segregated (AS) leisure type retirement communities exhibit significantly more sexual interest, sexual activities, and liberal sexual attitudes than do middle-income older adults residing in age-integrated (AI) mainstream communities. Data from 314 respondents on a senior adult sexuality scale were subjected to a discriminant analysis. Sexual activities and traditional sexual interests respectively make the strongest contribution to the group differences. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3246457 TI - Age, education, and sex effects on adult moral reasoning. AB - The role of age and education in adult moral reasoning was examined utilizing Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental stage theory of moral development and the most recent Standard Scoring System for assessing moral judgments. Individual interviews utilizing standard Kohlberg moral dilemmas were conducted with 195 adults ranging in age from nineteen to eight-two years and in years of education from three to twenty-five years. Results indicated no overall significant effect for age of reasoner, no significant effect for sex, and a significant effect for education (p less than .01). However, the effect of age was significant in the group with eighteen or more years of education, but not in the group with less than eighteen years of education. PMID- 3246458 TI - Preventing adverse changes of work with age. AB - Many people who change their jobs in middle age have been found to move to less skilled and lower paid work. Two methods of preventing this are discussed. First, training by methods designed to take account of learning difficulties in those past normal apprenticeship age has, when sensitively applied, been successful in equipping people with new skills. Second, applying principles of ergonomics- "fitting the job to the worker"--could often remove key difficulties for older workers and thus prevent the need for moves resulting from failing capacity. This could also open up a wider range of potential jobs for those who have to move by reason of redundancy or technological change. It is emphasized that both the training and ergonomic approaches need to be based on, and can contribute significantly to, fundamental research on performance in relation to age. PMID- 3246459 TI - Time and self-identity in later life. AB - Addressing questions raised by Kastenbaum concerning varied everyday experiences of psychological time, an attempt is made to provide a framework through which such experiences can be interpreted. Raynor's concept of time-linked sources of self-identity is elaborated to include intergenerational-linked and timeless sources of self-identity in the quest to feel good about oneself. Case examples of how eight elderly individuals viewed their futures are used in illustrating how a meaningful sense of self-identity is part of an integration of experiences over time. PMID- 3246460 TI - Social interaction and depression in elderly individuals. AB - Forty-two elderly individuals received partial or complete testing on: (a) the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; (b) frequency of social interaction (quantity of social interaction); and (c) round-robin reports of disclosures among peers, that yielded whether the persons had reciprocally intimate relationships (quality of social interaction). It was found that depression was: (a) negatively correlated with the measure of the quantity of social interaction entailing frequent conversations; and (b) contrary to expectation, positively correlated with having reciprocally intimate relationships. Also, the individuals' intimacy of disclosure to peers was not correlated with the intimacy of disclosure received from them; indicating a lack of reciprocity of self-disclosure. The findings were interpreted as showing that depression in elderly individuals is negatively related to having peers to "talk to" frequently, but positively related to having reciprocal exchanges of negative communications. PMID- 3246461 TI - Effect of L-tryptophan supplementation on exercise performance. AB - The performance of strenuous physical exercise is associated with discomfort and pain, the tolerance for that being modulated by the activity of the endogenous opioid systems. As 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) affects nociception through its effects on the enkephalin-endorphin system, we have analyzed the effects of a moderate supplementation with L-tryptophan, the immediate precursor of 5-HT, on endurance and sensation of effort. Twelve healthy sportsmen were subjected to a work load corresponding to 80% of their maximal oxygen uptake on two separate trials, after receiving a placebo and after receiving the same amount of L tryptophan. The subjects ran on a treadmill until exhaustion. Total exercise time, perceived exertion rate, maximum heart rate, peak oxygen consumption, pulse recovery rate, and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption were determined during the two trials. The total exercise time was 49.4% greater after receiving L tryptophan than after receiving the placebo. A lower rate of perceived exertion was exhibited by the group while on tryptophan although the differences from the control group were not statistically significant. No differences were observed in the other parameters between the two trials. The longer exercise time als well at the total work load performed could be due to an increased pain tolerance as a result of L-tryptophan ingestion. PMID- 3246462 TI - Lactate, respiratory compensation thresholds, and distance running performance in runners of both sexes. AB - To examine the possible gender differences in lactate threshold (LT) and respiratory compensation threshold (RCT) and their relations to running performance, ten male and eight female college distance runners performed an incremental running test on the level treadmill. Both groups of runners were matched as closely as possible on the basis of maximal aerobic power relative to lean body mass (VO2.max.LBM-1). LT, determined from an inflection point in blood lactate, was significantly higher in males than in females (49.2 vs 45.5 ml.kg-1 LBM.min-1 P less than 0.05), while RCT, determined from a marked increase in ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (VE.VCO2(-1], was not significantly different between the two groups (51.5 vs 52.3 ml.kg-1 LBM.min-1). No significant difference was observed either in LT or in RCT expressed as %VO2max. RCT and running velocity at RCT were strongly related to the run times of 800 and 1500 m in females and 5000 and 10000 min males (r = -0.76 approximately 0.95; P less than 0.05 approximately 0.001), while it was not the case with VO2max and LT. These results suggest that there are no remarkable gender differences in LT and RCT when compared in relative terms and that RCT is a sensitive parameter for evaluating an endurance performance despite its controversial status. PMID- 3246463 TI - Reproducibility of post-exercise lactate and anaerobic threshold. AB - To test the effect of previous strenuous training on lactate (LA) formation and on changes of lactate threshold (AT) values, a group of seven male athletes aged 26.3 +/- 9.2 years, height 184 +/- 6.2 cm, body weight 79.3 +/- 8.1 kg, percentage of body fat 8.8 +/- 3.7 and VO2 max 56.2 +/- 5.4 ml/kg were examined on a treadmill to the maximum in the morning after 2 days of rest, and after 2 consecutive days of strenuous training. The subjectively perceived rate of fatigue (SPF) in the morning prior to the exercise test was assessed by means of a 5-grade score. The values of LA max, AT, and SPF on day 1 were 11.06 +/- 2.4 mmol/l, 3.5 +/- 0.4 m/s, and 0.6 +/- 0.4, respectively. The corresponding values on day 2 were 8.8 +/- 1.7 mmol/l, 4.0 +/- 0.3 m/s, and 2.0 +/- 0.5, respectively. The values on day 3 were 8.6 +/- 1.1 mmol/l, 4.1 +/- 0.4 m/s, and 2.1 +/- 0.7, respectively. Statistically significant differences on the 1st day were found in LA max, AT, and SPF compared with days 2 and 3. No significant differences were found between the values for the 2nd and 3rd days. AT values for day 1 were significantly lower than those for days 2 and 3. A significantly higher level of SPF in the morning prior to the test procedure was observed on days 2 and 3 compared with day 1. The AT and SPF values for days 2 and 3 showed no significant difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246464 TI - Time to fatigue during isometric exercise using different muscle masses. AB - The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that differences in the pressor response to static exercise using varying muscle masses are due to differences in endurance time. i.e., time to fatigue. Ten healthy, male subjects (mean age 24 +/- 3 years) participated in the study. With no knowledge of the purpose of the study, the subjects were instructed to maintain static contractions for as long as possible during 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in handgrip (HG), two-leg extension (LE), and dead lifting (DL). Inability to sustain a contraction within 10% of the designated force (30% MVC) marked the endurance time end point. During sustained contractions, heart rate, blood pressure, and time to fatigue were measured. Times to fatigue were 3.39 +/- 0.92, 3.61 +/- 1.67, and 3.68 +/- 1.34 min for HG, LE, and DL, respectively. These differences were not significant (p greater than 0.05). Heart rate and blood pressure increased progressively with sustained contractions, DL greater than LE greater than HG. LE and DL responses were consistently and significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than HG responses reflecting the magnitude of absolute force of contractions. The magnitude of the pressor response to the three sustained static contraction maneuvers was not related to the time to fatigue. The data affirm the view that the pressor response is a function of muscle mass activated and the absolute force developed during static exercise. PMID- 3246466 TI - Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on exercise endurance and metabolism after a 1 day fast. AB - Fasting before an exercise event has been demonstrated to decrease endurance. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether this decrement in performance after fasting could be reversed by ingestion of a carbohydrate solution before and during exercise. Nine fit male subjects ran to exhaustion at approximately 70% VO2max in two counterbalanced trials. The subjects were fasted for 21 h before both trials, and the trials were arranged so that the subjects ingested either a carbohydrate (CHO) or placebo (PL) solution. Although ratings of perceived exertion were significantly lower in the CHO trial, there were no differences in endurance time to exhaustion in the two trials (102 +/- 8 min in the PL trial and 106 +/- 8 min in the CHO trial). There were no differences between trials for the VO2, heart rate, and blood lactate concentrations. As expected, the blood glucose and insulin concentrations were higher in the CHO trial. The respiratory exchange ratio was significantly higher in the CHO trial at 40 min of exercise and tended to be higher at all other times, suggesting a greater reliance on carbohydrate and less on fat as an energy source. This seemed to be confirmed by the significantly lower plasma glycerol concentration, which suggested less fat mobilization in the CHO trial. Ingestion of a glucose polymer solution increased carbohydrate utilization in fasted subjects, but exercise performance was not improved. PMID- 3246465 TI - Effect of reduced training frequency on muscular strength. AB - Twenty-four men and 26 women (25 +/- 5 years) participating in 10 weeks (n = 27) and 18 weeks (n = 23) of variable resistance strength training programs were recruited to complete 12 weeks of reduced training. Training consisted of one set of 7-10 bilateral knee extensions performed to volitional failure. Prior to the reduced training phase of the project, the subjects were training either 2 days.week-1 (n = 23) or 3 days.week-1 (n = 18). The subjects who trained 3 days.week-1 reduced training frequency to 2 days.week-1 (n = 9), 1 day.week-1 (n = 7), or 0 days.week-1 (n = 2). The subjects who trained 2 days.week-1 reduced training frequency to 1 day.week-1 (n = 12) or 0 days.week-1 (n = 11). Nine subjects served as controls and did not train. Isometric knee extension strength was assessed at 9, 20, 35, 50, 65, 80, 95, and 110 degrees of knee flexion on two separate occasions prior to and immediately post-training and following reduced training. After training, mean relative increases in peak isometric knee extension strength and dynamic training weight were 21.4% +/- 17.5% (P less than or equal to 0.01) and 49.5% +/- 14.7% (P less than or equal to 0.01), respectively. The subjects who stopped training (0 days.week-1) lost 68% (P less than or equal to 0.01) of the isometric strength gained during training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246467 TI - Ventilatory responses of trained and untrained subjects during running and walking. AB - To investigate the influence of stride frequency on ventilation in different subject populations, the ventilatory responses to walking and running at similar metabolic loads were studied in 29 males. Ten of the males were well-trained, highly fit runners (HFR), ten were well-trained, highly fit cyclists (HFC), and nine were healthy low-fit males (LFM) who did not engage in any form of regular exercise. All subjects completed two separate exercise bouts, a level run and an uphill walk, at 90% of their ventilatory threshold. Stride frequency was found to increase by 49% between the walk and run trials. Minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (f), end-tibial CO2 tension (PETCO2), end-tidal O2 tension (PETO2), and inspiratory time (TI) were all significantly different (P less than 0.05) between the walk and run trials for the HFR. Minute ventilation and expiratory time (TE) did not differ significantly between the walk and run trials for the HFC; however, VT, f, PETCO2, PETO2, and TI were significantly different. Only PETCO2 and TI were found to be significantly different between the walk and run trials for the LFM. These results suggest that stride frequency affects ventilation to varying degrees dependent upon the subject population and that the mechanisms for the hyperpnea of moderate exercise operating in each of these subject populations involve a complex interaction of many factors. PMID- 3246468 TI - Mechanical output and iEMG of single and repeated isokinetic plantar flexions: a study of untrained and endurance-trained women. AB - Isokinetic plantar flexion peak torque (PT), contractional work (CW), and integrated electromyographic activity (iEMG) were analyzed in a group of untrained females and a group of female elite orienteers. Similar levels of PT, CW, and iEMG were observed in both groups during single maximum maneuvers (30-180 degrees s1). During repetitive (200) maximum plantar flexions, the untrained females showed a steeper and more pronounced decline in CW during the first 50 contractions than the orienteers. After this fatigue phase, all subjects could maintain a steady-state level of CW throughout the test. This level of CW was significantly (20%) higher in the orienteers than in the untrained females. The iEMGs of the gastrocnemii and soleus muscles decreased to significantly (10%) lower levels in the untrained women than in the orienteers. For both groups, the soleus muscle showed a significantly higher steady-state level of iEMG (10%) than mm. gastrocnemii. In the untrained group, CW/iEMG of m. triceps surae decreased to a plateau level significantly lower than in the orienteerers who could virtually maintain the initial CW/iEMG throughout the test. The differences observed could be explained by adaptations to performed endurance training in the orienteers. PMID- 3246469 TI - Reevaluation of contribution of physical fitness, body weight, and different sports activity to resting blood pressure in young men. AB - The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the relationship between resting blood pressure and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and to elucidate the association of different types of sports activity on the resting blood pressure in Japanese young men with a wide range of VO2max. The subjects (n = 46) consisted of untrained subjects (n = 24), judo athletes (n = 11), and triathletes (n = 11) aged 21 to 35 years. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured in the sitting position after 5 min of resting, and VO2max was directly measured by the Douglas bag method. SBP, DBP, and mean blood pressure (MBP) were negatively correlated with VO2max and positively correlated with body weight. A stepwise selective multiple regression analysis for SBP resulted in two significantly correlating variables: VO2max and body weight. For DBP and MBP, the analysis resulted in two explaining variables: VO2max and body weight. Two independent variables explained 37% of the variation of the SBP, 43% of that of DBP, and 54% of that of MBP. These results indicate that variance in resting blood pressure is partly accounted for by the variance in endurance capacity (i.e., VO2max). However, SBP, DBP, and MBP were significantly higher in judo athletes compared with untrained men (P less than 0.05) when it was compared with the same range of VO2max. These results indicate that resting blood pressure is probably influenced with VO2max, while the relationship is influenced by the type and intensity of training and other factors. PMID- 3246470 TI - An epidemiologic and traumatologic study of injuries in handball. AB - To identify the risk factors of injuries in handball, 221 players were followed during one indoor season. The injury incidence was 4.6/1000 playing hours and 11.4/1000 game hours. The upper extremity was involved in 41% of the injuries including 21% finger sprains. Ankle sprains were the most common injury (33%), and overuse injuries accounted for 18%. The risk of reinjury was 32%. Contact with opponent players during running or shooting caused 31% of the injuries. Errors during grasping the ball were the reason for most of the finger injuries. Forty percent of the injuries was treated by the players themselves. After the injury 73% were absent from handball for more than 1 week. Forty-one percent of the injured players had complaints 6 months after the end of the season. The study shows that injuries in handball are serious and cause extensive consequences for the players. In most of the injuries both intrinsic and extrinsic factors were involved, and prophylactic intervention in these cases demands changes in more fields. PMID- 3246471 TI - Psychological prediction of injury in elite swimmers. AB - Previous research has suggested that psychological factors related to attention and anxiety may identify the injury-prone athlete. In particular, there is some evidence in endurance events that those who utilize a cognitive strategy which associates with sensory feedback pertaining to pace, effort, and fatigue are less likely to be injured. This study investigated the relationship between injury rate and scores on Nideffer's Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS) in 33 elite swimmers resident at the Australian Institute of Sport throughout 1986. The data showed that 56% of the injuries were gradual in onset and resulted from the inability of the swimmer to absorb stress particularly in the upper limbs (overuse). Although these and other intrinsic injuries might theoretically be lower in those with effective internal attentional styles, the data did not support this. Contrary to prediction, the analysis revealed that swimmers with more effective attentional profiles sustained more injuries. Although a number of explanations were offered, the sensitivity of the TAIS to assess appropriate attentional profiles in swimmers was questioned. Future research is suggested which adopts a multidimensional approach in which psychological, physiologic, and situational determinants of injury can be examined. In this way, the contribution of psychological factors to the genesis of swimming injuries can be determined and intervention strategies developed to reduce injury and accelerate recovery. PMID- 3246472 TI - Factors determining the preference of takeoff leg in jumping. AB - The takeoff (= push-off) leg in jumping, handedness, and leg length inequality as measured radiographically were recorded for 892 young healthy subjects, 62 of whom were top-level athletic jumpers, 654 competetive athletes representing other sports, and 176 Finnish Army conscripts. Correlation between the laterality of takeoff leg and handedness was poor, but a significant majority (81.4% of jumpers, 65.1% of other athletes, and 76.8% of conscripts) invariably used the longer leg for takeoff. Incidence of leg length inequality was highest in the group of athletic jumpers, the difference between top-level jumpers and runners being statistically significant. PMID- 3246473 TI - Sudden death of a young wrestler during competition. AB - The circumstances of the sudden death of a young healthy wrestler in the course of a wrestling match are described. The death occurred due to acute ischemia of the brainstem as a result of the acute interruption of blood flow to his vertebral-basal system, as a consequence of the injury or rupture of vertebral arteries, after injury of the neck. This interruption of the irrigation of the brainstem with blood provoked the sudden death of the athlete. The cause of the injury to the neck of the wrestler was the wrong position of his head (it was trapped between the mat and his own forearm), at the moment when the athlete was in the inferior disadvantaged position and his opponent was exerting a powerful but permissible effort to overthrow him. The combination of the wrong position of the head of the injured athlete and the forceful action of the wrestler in the offensive resulted in the overflexion and rotation of the head of the former and the (inevitable) damaging of his neck. Various predisposing factors effectively contribute to the injury, the main ones being the lack of warming up of the athlete, the premature fatigue of the athlete, minor injuries at the cervical segment of the vertebral column during the phases preceding the main injury, and the confrontation with an opponent of greater training age and superior fighting level. The only way to deal with similar, very rare indeed, incidents is to implement the set of preventive measures described. PMID- 3246474 TI - German Congress of Sports Medicine. October 27-30, 1988, Hannover, FRG. Abstracts. PMID- 3246475 TI - Novel linear antagonists of the antidiuretic (V2) and vasopressor (V1) responses to vasopressin. AB - We report the solid phase synthesis of a series of 16 linear analogues of the cyclic antagonist of the antidiuretic (V2) and the vasopressor (V1) responses to arginine vasopressin (AVP), d(CH2)5[D-Tyr(Et)2, Val4]AVP(A). Peptide 1, the linear precursor of (A), (CH2)5(SH)-CH2-CO-D-Tyr(Et)-Phe-Val-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly NH2 was modified at position six with alpha-L-aminobutyric acid (Abu) to give peptide 2. Further modifications of the Abu6 analogue (No. 2) at position one by substituting cyclohexylacetic acid (Caa), cyclohexylpropionic acid (Cpa), 1 adamantaneacetic acid (Aaa), phenylacetic acid (Phaa), tert.-butylacetic acid (t Baa), isovaleric acid (Iva), propionic acid (Pa), L-penicillamine (P), tert. butoxycarbonyl (Boc) or omitting any substituent at this position, and/or in combination with Arg-NH2(9), Ala-NH2(9), D-Arg8-Arg-NH2(9), and desGly9 modifications yielded the remaining 14 peptides. All 16 peptides were examined for agonistic and antagonistic potencies in AVP V2 and V1 assays in rats. Apart from the Cpa analogue and the analogue lacking any substituent in the 1-position, all exhibit substantial V2 and V1 antagonism. A number are as potent as (A) as V2 antagonists. With an anti-V2 pA2 = 8.11 +/- 0.07, Aaa-D-Tyr(Et)-Phe-Val-Asn-Abu Pro-Arg-Arg-NH2 (No. 6) is as potent as any cyclic AVP V2 antagonist reported to date. The PaI analogue of No. 6 exhibits promising anti-V2/anti-V1 selectivity. These findings prove conclusively that a ring structure is not a requirement for recognition of or for binding to AVP V2 or V1 receptors. This discovery thus offers a promising new approach to the design of peptide and non-peptide antagonists of AVP and perhaps also to other cyclic peptides such as somatostatin, atrial-natriuretic factor, insulin, and the recently discovered endothelin. Some of these linear antagonists may be of value as pharmacological tools and as therapeutic agents. PMID- 3246477 TI - Bicyclic peptides. VI. Synthesis, conformation, and ion-binding of two bicyclic nonapeptides. AB - Two related homodetic bicyclic nonapeptides (cyclo Glu-X-Pro-Gly-Lys-X-Pro-Gly) cyclo (l gamma----5 epsilon), X = Ala(BCP2), X = Leu(BCP3) have been synthesized using conventional solution phase methods involving mixed anhydride coupling reactions starting with appropriately protected naturally occurring amino acids. The conformation and ion binding properties of BCP2 have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism techniques. The results of these studies have been compared to those of BCP3. The presence of Ala caused both Ala Pro bonds to be trans in free BCP2. This characteristic imparted subtle differences to the ion-binding properties of BCP2 as compared to free BCP3 which has one cis Leu-Pro bond and one trans Leu-Pro bond. PMID- 3246476 TI - Synthesis, taste properties, and conformational analysis of four stereoisomeric cyclopropane analogs of aspartame. PMID- 3246478 TI - Aggregation studies in crystals of apolar helical peptides: Boc-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe. AB - In the crystal, the backbone of Boc-(Aib-Val-Ala-Leu)2-Aib-OMe adopts a helical form with four alpha-type hydrogen bonds in the middle, flanked by 3(10)-type hydrogen bonds at either end. The helical molecules stack in columns with head-to tail hydrogen bonds, either directly between NH and CO, or bridged by solvent molecules. The packing of the helices is parallel, even in space group P2(1). Cell parameters are a = 9.837(2) A, b = 15.565(3) A, c = 20.087(5) A, beta = 96.42(2) degrees, dcalc = 1.091 g/cm3 for C46H83N9O12.1.5H2O.0.67CH3OH. There appears to be some hydration of the backbone in this apolar helix. PMID- 3246479 TI - Conformational effects of chiral alpha,alpha-dialkyl amino acids. I. C-terminal tetrapeptides of emerimicin containing alpha-ethylalanine. AB - The syntheses and the crystal structures of the C-terminal tetrapeptide fragments of emerimicin IV and III, Boc-R-EtA-Hyp(Bzl)-Ala-Phol and Boc-R-EtA-Hyp(Bzl)-MeA Phol, containing the chiral alpha,alpha-dialkyl amino acid, R-alpha-ethylalanine (R-EtA) are reported. The two peptides are isomorphous and assume a 3(10)-helical conformation in the crystal. A comparison of the crystal data on alpha,alpha dialkyl amino acids indicates that alkyl substituents larger than a methyl group do not preclude peptides containing these amino acids from assuming the conformations associated with minima which have been well characterized for alpha methylalanine. PMID- 3246480 TI - Primary structures of carp gonadotropin subunits deduced from cDNA nucleotide sequences. AB - The alpha and beta subunits of carp gonadotropin (cGTH) were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. They were identified to be the subunits of cGTH by bioassay and by partial N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. To elucidate the complete primary structures of the alpha and beta subunits of cGTH, cDNA cloning technique was employed. The alpha and beta subunits consist of 95 and 115 amino acid residues, respectively. Homology of the alpha subunit of cGTH to those of mammalian GTH is around 70%. In comparison, the extent of homology of the beta subunit between carp and salmon GTH (75%) is higher than that between fish and mammalian GTH (39-47%). Such comparative data suggest that the alpha subunit is highly conserved while the beta subunit is diversified during the molecular evolution of vertebrate GTH. PMID- 3246481 TI - The vasopressin precursor in the Brattleboro (di/di) rat. AB - The vasopressin precursor in the rat hypothalamus has been studied, using trypsin to release desglycinamide vasopressin and coupling it to glycinamide (T & G treatment). The resulting amidated nonapeptide was detected and measured with a radioimmunoassay for vasopressin. The "vasopressin" produced in this way had the full immunoreactivity of the authentic peptide but eluted from an hplc column 1 min earlier and appeared to have a larger molecular weight. It was found that T&G treatment generated vasopressin immunoreactivity in extracts of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the Brattleboro rat in just the same way as it did in normal animals. Furthermore, this procedure produced vasopressin immunoreactivity in those hplc fractions from Brattleboro SON extracts that corresponded with the elution time of vasopressin precursor. Similar amounts of "vasopressin" could be generated from Brattleboro and normal SONs. These results support the suggestion that the Brattleboro SON synthesizes an aberrant vasopressin precursor which is not processed by the cell. PMID- 3246483 TI - Purification and characterization of Locusta migratoria chymotrypsin. AB - A chymotrypsin-like enzyme (CTLE) was isolated from the digestive tract of the African migratory locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose followed by affinity chromatography on phenylbutylamine (PBA) Sepharose. The purity and homogeneity of CTLE have been shown by SDS-PAGE and on cellulose acetate strips. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 24,000, determined by SDS-PAGE and on a Sephadex G-75 calibrated column. It has an isoelectric point of 10.1 and contains 0-1 half cystine residues. Sequence analysis of the first 20 N-terminal amino acids has shown 25% homology with bovine chymotrypsin and 40% homology with Vespa crabo and Vespa orientalis chymotrypsins and with Hypoderma lineatum trypsin. The optimal pH for enzyme activity and stability was in the range of 8.5-9.0. The Km and kcat values, determined on substrates for proteolytic, esterolytic and amidolytic activity, similar to those for bovine chymotrypsin. CTLE was inactivated by PMSF and TPCK indicating the involvement of serine and histidine in its active site. The enzyme was fully inhibited by the proteinaceous, double-headed, chymotrypsin trypsin inhibitors BBI from soybeans and CI from chickpeas, by chicken ovomucoid (COM) and turkey ovomucoid (TOM), as well as by the Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) which hardly inhibits bovine chymotrypsin. Inhibition studies of CTLE with amino acid and peptide-chloromethylketones point towards the existence of an extended binding site. PMID- 3246482 TI - Isolation and characterization of growth hormone from a marine fish, bonito (Katsuwonus pelamis). AB - Growth hormone (GH) was extracted under alkaline conditions (pH 10) from pituitary glands (6.3 g) of bonito (Katsuwonus pelamis), and subsequently purified by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and reversed-phase HPLC. The GH was monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by immunoblotting with yellowtail GH antiserum at each step of purification. GH activity was determined by an in vivo bioassay. The yield of this hormone was 4.8 mg/g wet tissue. Intraperitoneal injection of bonito GH at doses of 0.1 and 1 micrograms/g body wt at 7-day intervals resulted in a significant increase in body weight and length of juvenile rainbow trout. Bonito GH antiserum exhibited both species and hormone specificity in radioimmunoassay. However, the bonito GH antiserum as well as yellowtail GH antiserum exhibited hormone specificity but not species specificity in immunoblotting. A molecular weight of 21,000 and an isoelectric point of 7.0 for bonito GH were estimated by SDS-PAGE and gel electrofocusing, respectively. The complete amino acid sequence of 185 residues was determined by sequencing fragment peptides prepared by chemical and enzymatic cleavages. Sequence comparison of bonito GH with other GHs revealed that there is a significant deletion in the middle of the molecule. PMID- 3246484 TI - A comparative graphical method for the characterization of all types of linear enzyme inhibition. AB - A simple graphical method is described for plotting kinetics for inhibited enzyme catalyzed reactions. The plots are particularly designed for the characterization of all types of linear enzyme inhibition in comparative studies. PMID- 3246486 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the first meeting of the Sardinian Group of the Italian Biochemical Society. April 15, 1988, Alghero. PMID- 3246485 TI - A comparison of membrane lipid content of normal and carrier-erythrocytes from cattle. AB - A comparison of the lipid content of normal and carrier-erythrocytes from cattle revealed no differences in phosphatidyl ethanolamine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl serine, or cholesterol. The ratio of membrane phospholipid to cholesterol and membrane-bound erythrocyte acetyl cholinesterase activity was unchanged. A microcytic tendency was observed for carrier-cells, however, this physical property of the cell cannot be related to measurable differences in lipid content of the cells. PMID- 3246487 TI - High tibial osteotomy in the treatment of arthritic varus knee. A medium term (small) review of 61 cases. AB - Sixty-one valgizing high tibial osteotomies performed according to the Insall method between 1975 and 1982 were reviewed; follow-up ranged from a minimum of 4 years to a maximum of 11, with an average of 7.5 years. The stage of preoperative osteoarthritis, evaluated according to Ahlbacks's classification, never exceeded Grade 3 (obliteration of the joint space and slight bone erosion). Preoperative varus never exceeded 10 degrees. The clinical results, evaluated on the score form used at the Hospital for Special Surgery, were satisfactory in 48 cases (79% of the total) and unsatisfactory in 13 (21%). The success rate decreased to 65% in cases with a follow-up exceeding 10 years. There was frequently some loss of radiographic correction between the postoperative and follow-up values, but this was significant in only 9 cases where it exceeded 5 degrees. The arthritis was radiographically progressive in 22 cases, 18 of which were from the satisfactory group (excellent and good) and 4 from the unsatisfactory group (fair and poor). This positive evaluation of the results, even if they tended to deteriorate over a period of time, show that high valgizing tibial osteotomy is an effective operation, particularly when performed in knees without severe deformity. PMID- 3246488 TI - Traumatic cervical radicular lesions. AB - Isolated traumatic cervical radicular lesions are rare. They constitute only 3% of the neurological lesions due to spinal trauma. A monolateral radicular lesion (Type A) is occasionally associated with medullary damage (Type B), resulting in a more complex neurological syndrome. Type A lesions are caused by flexion/rotation with fracture of the upper part of an articular facet and rotatory dislocation of the vertebra above, or by a pure monolateral dislocation. Reduction by halo traction followed by halo plaster gives good results even when the anatomical result is imperfect. Operative treatment of these lesions is required only in cases which cannot be reduced nonsurgically. Type B myelo radicular lesions are caused by hyperextension-rotation injuries with displaced fractures of the facets and secondary subluxation. The treatment is surgical; reduction by a posterior approach with fixation by Roy-Camille plates, but must include radicular release by removal of the fractured joint mass. PMID- 3246489 TI - Prosthetic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee: the roles of CT scan and M.R. AB - The authors examined 10 patients treated by intra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with an artificial ligament in terylene (Kejo-Leeds type). Clinical evaluation was supplemented by CT scan and magnetic nuclear resonance (M.R.). The basic parameters assessed were the positioning of the tunnels, biological anchoring, presence of reactive synovitis, growth and modification of periligamentous fibrous tissue, characteristics and relationships of the extra-articular plastic. CT scan was better at determining the tunnels, evaluating biological anchoring and visualising the new ligament in its intra articular course. Magnetic nuclear resonance was better at evaluating changes in the periligamentous tissue. The authors therefore conclude that M.R. is preferable in the early follow-ups, while CT scanning has greater diagnostic value in follow-ups after six months. PMID- 3246490 TI - Intraoperative fractures of the femoral diaphysis in hip arthroprosthesis surgery. AB - The authors reviewed 14 cases of fracture of the femoral diaphysis which occurred during 602 hip arthroprosthesis operations. They attempted to ascertain the role of local and general factors in this complication. In 5 cases there was obvious structural alteration in the upper third of the femur with decreased bone resistance; in 5 cases there was abnormal morphology of the diaphyseal canal (morphological incongruence) due to hip dysplasia or previous osteotomy; in 3 cases there was marked dimensional incongruence between the prosthetic stem and the medullary canal and in the remaining case abnormal morphology of the medullary canal was associated with dimensional incongruence. From an analysis of the cases it emerged that complete fractures in cemented arthroprostheses negatively influenced the long-term results while fractures occurring in arthroprostheses with biological fixation do not significantly modify the normal progression. Finally, the authors stress that a careful preoperative evaluation of the radiographs may considerably reduce the incidence of this complication. PMID- 3246491 TI - Recurrent dislocation of the shoulder: twenty-five years experience with the Delitala method. AB - The authors report the clinical and radiographic results of 57 patients operated on for recurrent dislocation of the shoulder by the Delitala method. The age at operation ranged from 16 to 45 years. The follow-up was an average of 10 years (minimum 1, maximum 25 years) and the results were good or excellent in most of the cases. The failures included one case of recurrence and two of stiffness. PMID- 3246492 TI - Sternoclavicular dislocation. Treatment and complications. AB - Based on Allman's classification, the authors conducted a critical study on the results of treatment of 17 sternoclavicular dislocations, 14 anterior and 3 posterior. They propose conservative treatment for subluxations and operative treatment for total dislocations, particularly when posterior. Tomography was required for precise diagnosis. The advantages of open reduction are stressed and the complication of intra-thoracic migration of crossed Kirschner wires used to stabilise reduction and capsular suturing is described. PMID- 3246493 TI - Arthroscopic surgical technique in the treatment of lesions of the discoid meniscus. AB - The authors analyse the results which emerged from a long-term follow-up of 15 patients affected with lesions of the discoid meniscus treated arthroscopically, by expressing both a subjective and an objective evaluation and emphasizing several details concerning the surgical method used. PMID- 3246494 TI - Trapeziometacarpal stabilisation in arthrosis. AB - The trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint is often the site of painful arthrosis, particularly in women at the onset of the fourth decade. It is generally associated with capsuloligamentous laxity of the joint or with work requiring the repetitive use of the thumb and index finger and thus work which is typically done by women. It may also be of traumatic origin following joint fracture, but this is not discussed in the present paper. The treatment of this syndrome by stabilisation of the joint is described. PMID- 3246495 TI - The role of mineralization in experimental models of osteogenetic induction with decalcified bone matrix. AB - The role of mineralization was studied in an experimental model of osteoinduction consisting of the implant of decalcified bone matrix in the rat muscle. After vascular connective tissue invasion of the matrix, the first phenomena is the appearance of hydroxyapatite crystals in the area of chondroid metaplasia from where the deposit of calcium-phosphate is extended to the surrounding decalcified matrix. The recalcified areas act as a substratum for the neo-osteogenesis. The appearances observed reproduced those of enchondral ossification, where the first osteoblasts differentiated on the calcified cartilaginous matrix and began to supply new bone matrix. Non-decalcified bone matrix implants were surrounded by a connective tissue capsule with features identical to those of a foreign body reaction and with total absence of vascular invasion. The absence of induction in this type of implant may be related either to masking of the osteoinducing protein in the calcified matrix, or to the absence of cells with osteogenic differentiation potential due to the lack of cellular invasion of the implant. PMID- 3246496 TI - Cervical osteotomy by the Simmons method in the treatment of cervical kyphosis due to ankylosing spondylitis. Case report. AB - Ankylosing spondylitis can produce severe kyphosis in the spine. This is rarer in the cervical spine than in the thoracolumbar region, but it is also more invalidating as it may make it impossible for the patient to look forward as well as causing difficulty in mastication, swallowing and speaking. To correct cervical kyphosis, vertebral osteotomy is performed at the apex of the deformity. The authors present a case of cervical kyphosis due to ankylosing spondylitis successfully treated by the Simmons method. PMID- 3246497 TI - A rare case of solitary exostosis of the cervical spine. AB - The authors report a rare case of solitary exostosis (osteochondroma) of the spinous process of the 6th cervical vertebra. They also re-examine the embryology and bone growth in this region. PMID- 3246498 TI - Lumbosacral hyperlordosis due to fibrosis of the paravertebral muscles. Case report. AB - The authors present a case of lumbosacral hyperlordosis due to primary fibrosis of the paravertebral muscles. This very rare lesion in described and the surgical treatment used in this case is illustrated. The clinical and cosmetic results were both excellent. PMID- 3246499 TI - A comparative study of the extensor force of the quadriceps between subjects with a normal patella and those with patella alta of neurological pathogenesis. AB - The authors examined 20 subjects with infantile cerebral palsy, 10 of whom had patella alta, in order to evaluate any difference of extensor force of the quadriceps in the various degrees of flexion of the knee as compared with normal subjects. The objective was to reveal and measure any functional differences between the two groups. PMID- 3246500 TI - Computerized tomography in the study of vertebral rotation and torsion in idiopathic scoliosis. AB - The evaluation of vertebral rotation and torsion in idiopathic scoliosis is important both in treatment and prognosis. Standard radiography may be used to calculate only rotation but computerized tomography (CT) allows for an exact evaluation of both rotation and torsion. However, it is non feasible to use this method routinely. The purpose of this study is to compare the values obtained by CT scanning with those obtained on radiographic examination by the most commonly used methods of measuring rotation. We also evaluated the morphology of the vertebral canal and its relationship with the dural sac. Forty-seven idiopathic scoliotic curves were included in the study. The Perdriolle method of radiographic measurement of vertebral rotation is the one that most accurately reveals the true extent of the deformity. Vertebral torsion occurred early in 92% of the curves examined. Deformity of the vertebral canal was rarely observed, even in sever cases. The dural sac at the dorsal level was always shifted towards the concavity of the curve. PMID- 3246501 TI - Clinical profile of systemic lupus erythematosus in western India. PMID- 3246502 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in northern India: a review of 329 cases. PMID- 3246503 TI - Acute renal failure following snake bite. PMID- 3246505 TI - Essential thrombocythaemia. PMID- 3246504 TI - A study of blood glucose values after a constant infusion of 5% dextrose in healthy individuals. PMID- 3246506 TI - An unusual case of metaphyseal dysostosis. PMID- 3246507 TI - Idiopathic hemochromatosis: a report of two cases. PMID- 3246508 TI - Analgin, the killer. PMID- 3246509 TI - Ibuprofen in bronchial asthma. PMID- 3246510 TI - Human intestinal myiasis. PMID- 3246511 TI - Praziquantel in neurocysticercosis. PMID- 3246512 TI - Systolic murmur of pregnancy. PMID- 3246513 TI - Gallstones: whither medical therapy? PMID- 3246515 TI - Reconstructive surgery after extensive paralysis of the upper limb I. PMID- 3246514 TI - Treatment of diabetic subjects with sensory neuropathy. PMID- 3246516 TI - Is surgical intervention justifiable for total paralysis secondary to multiple avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus? AB - The authors have studied 28 patients with total paralysis of the upper extremity due to multiple avulsions of the brachial plexus nerve roots or rupture of the primary trunks of the branchial plexus. All 28 patients refused amputation, and the authors describe the value of the overall functional results realized by the patients, obtained by surgery versus amputation. PMID- 3246517 TI - Tendon transfers for shoulder paralysis in children. AB - The treatment of shoulder paralysis in children is discussed and a new classification system is presented. The importance of treating contracture before considering tendon transfers is emphasized, especially for internal rotation contracture where subscapularis release alone results in the return of active external rotation is 47 per cent of patients. Specific transfers for external rotation, internal rotation and abduction are discussed. PMID- 3246519 TI - Contacts of chick fibroblasts on glass: results and limitations of quantitative interferometry. AB - We have examined the contacts made by explanted chick heart and limb bud fibroblasts after 24-48 h on glass, using quantitative interference reflection microscopy (IRM). Contacts beneath very thin cytoplasmic lamellae were avoided because the images of such contacts depend on the thickness of the lamellae. Plaque-like focal contacts, distinguished on the basis of shape and low irradiance (darkness), are intimate adhesions to the substratum. These images can be interpreted if it is assumed that microfilaments associated with the lower membrane increase the local cytoplasmic refractive index. The range of irradiances measured for focal contacts was found to be rather wide, and our modelling shows that the most likely explanation for this is that the images receive variable contributions from the adjacent cytoskeleton. For this reason it is particularly difficult to assign a characteristic thickness for these contacts from IRM data. Close contacts, seen principally as 'grey' regions under migrating cells at the edges of the explants, also show a wide range of irradiances. Unlike focal contacts, it is not necessary to postulate any involvement of the cytoskeleton in their images and they can be modelled as regions where an aqueous glycocalyx zone about 20-30 nm thick separates the membrane bilayer from the glass. Paler grey regions that also look like close contacts are apparently formed where the cell surface has lifted several tens of nanometres from the glass. PMID- 3246518 TI - Organization of chromosomes in the mouse nucleus: analysis by in situ hybridization. AB - We used in situ hybridization with various biotinylated DNA probes to characterize the distribution of mouse chromosomes in the nucleus. This entailed an examination of plasmid-marked chromosomes from two strains of transgenic mice and also an examination of the distribution of centromeres and total mouse genomic DNA. Our results show that, regardless of the hybridization probes used or the tissue types examined, with sections of mouse tissues embedded in paraffin all chromosomal DNA appeared to be localized to the nuclear periphery. This was observed in tissues fixed with either crosslinking or non-crosslinking fixatives, and submitted to a variety of prehybridization treatments. Further experiments with non-embedded nuclei fractionated from mouse liver revealed a similar distribution of DNA at the telomeric end of chromosome 3, but for centromeric DNA and total mouse genomic DNA, hybridization signals were observed both in the interior and at the periphery of the nucleus. These observations preclude the exclusive localization of chromosomes to the nuclear periphery. However, they indicate that a subset of centromeres are likely to be associated with the nuclear membrane, and that there is such an association at the telomeric end of chromosome 3. Overall, these results are compatible with previous observations of other investigators showing regions of contact between chromosomes and the nuclear membrane. PMID- 3246520 TI - Characterization of a novel nuclear envelope protein restricted to certain cell types. AB - The monoclonal antibody AGF2.3 identifies a nuclear envelope protein that is restricted to certain cell types. In particular, this antigen shows a reduced level of expression during haemopoietic cell maturation. In this study, we have examined the relationship of this protein to known nuclear envelope proteins that have a similar molecular mass. Antigen extraction and immunoelectron microscope studies revealed that the AGF2.3 protein is an integral membrane protein present at both the inner and outer aspects of the nuclear envelope. The protein is not associated with nuclear pores and therefore is distinct from pore complex proteins. The AGF2.3 protein does not have ATPase activity. Therefore, this protein is also distinct from a myosin heavy chain-like ATPase that is associated with the nuclear envelope. The AGF2.3 antibody identifies a novel nuclear envelope protein. Further studies of the biochemical nature of the AGF2.3 protein should provide insight into novel cellular processes at the nuclear envelope relating to the lineage or maturation status of cells. PMID- 3246521 TI - Introduction of a porcine growth hormone fusion gene into transgenic pigs promotes growth. AB - Six transgenic pigs have been produced by microinjecting a human metallothionein promoter/porcine growth hormone gene construct into the pronuclei of fertilized eggs which were transferred to synchronized recipient sows. The resulting transgenic animals contained between 0.5 and 15 copies of the gene construct per cell, and at least one of the animals expressed the introduced gene and grew at an increased rate compared to both transgenic and non-transgenic littermates. Some of the transgenic animals that did not appear to grow at increased rates were found to contain rearranged gene sequences. Two of the transgenic pigs have been shown to pass on the introduced genes to their offspring. PMID- 3246522 TI - Partition of protein (mass) to sister cell pairs at mitosis: a re-evaluation. AB - Since the 1960s it has been thought that there is to some extent a difference in the partition of mass to daughter cells at mitosis. Recent studies using modern techniques give further support to such a phenomenon, which has become almost an axiom in cell biology. It has been suggested that such unequal distribution of metabolic constituents at mitosis contributes to the dispersion in cell generation times. In the present work, PCC3 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells were studied as undifferentiated G1 sister pairs by microspectrophotometry (MSP) following Feulgen-Naphthol Yellow staining (FNYS), in order to evaluate their protein content. Despite the considerable intraclonal intermitotic time heterogeneity found in undifferentiated PCC3 EC cells, it was concluded thta the postmitotic difference in mass (protein) between sister cell pairs exerts a minimal influence upon the cell population mass variability, whereas it was deduced to have an influence upon variation in interphase time duration when comparing sister cell pairs. This offers a cell-physiological explanation to the randomly distributed difference repeatedly found between sister cell generation times. Furthermore, there was no correlation seen between the mass difference found between sister cell pairs postmitotically and the size of the mother cell. PMID- 3246523 TI - Newt epidermal cell migration over collagen and fibronectin involves different mechanisms. AB - Effects of the synthetic peptides, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS), the amino acid sequence representing the fibroblast attachment site in fibronectin, and Arg-Gly Glu-Ser (RGES), on collagen- and fibronectin-mediated migration in newt epidermal cells were compared. When RGDS at 50 micrograms ml-1 was included in the incubation medium of skin explants, migration in fibronectin-coated dishes was almost totally blocked. In type I collagen-coated dishes, this concentration of RGDS also inhibited migration, but to a lesser degree than on fibronectin. With 250 micrograms ml-1 of RGES in the medium, the reverse was true. Here, migration on collagen was practically non-existent, while migration on fibronectin was affected only moderately. Collagen-mediated migration was sensitive to RGDS even when the peptide was added after migration on the coated substratum was well underway. At a coating concentration of 10 micrograms ml-1 CB3, a cyanogen bromide fragment of the collagen alpha 1(I) chain, which contains no RGD sequences, was as good a migration substratum as intact collagen applied at the same coating concentration. At lower concentrations intact collagen was somewhat better than equivalent concentrations of CB3. The presence of RGDS in the medium throughout an experiment inhibited migration in CB3-coated dishes in a manner similar to its effect in dishes coated with collagen. On both substrata there appeared to be a peptide-sensitive and a peptide-insensitive component to migration. The inhibitory effect of RGES on CB3-mediated migration was also similar to its effect in collagen-coated dishes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246524 TI - Adhesion and locomotion of granulocytes under flow conditions. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the strength of the surface adhesion of migrating human granulocytes and the main parameters of their locomotion under the influence of various external forces. The strength of adhesion of granulocytes moving in a quiescent medium was studied by detaching them gravitationally from the plane surface situated above them. In these conditions the force of adhesion is of the same order of magnitude as the gravitational force operating upon the cells. The locomotion characteristics of granulocytes migrating on a surface below them are similar to those observed during their movement on a surface above. When the granulocytes migrate with the medium flowing past them, they are not detached from the surface even by relatively great shearing forces (10 and 100 times greater in comparison with the gravitational force) and the locomotion parameters are only slightly modified. The results show that granulocytes are able to migrate in a similar manner when they are subjected to various external forces. PMID- 3246525 TI - 10th International Symposium on Biomedical Applications of Chromatography and Electrophoresis. Pilsen, Czechoslovakia, April 26-29, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3246526 TI - Direct absorptiometric quantitation in high-performance liquid chromatography in the absence of concomitant reference standards. AB - A method for absorptiometric quantification in high-performance liquid chromatography that utilizes the known molar absorption coefficients of the individual components of a mixture of analytes to enable a series of determinations to be carried out without the concomitant use of reference standards is described. An equation is derived that describes the dependence of the molar amount of a defined analyte on the parameters influencing the detector response and on the peak area of the analyte in the chromatogram. The equation can be used for the direct calculation of the molar amount of individual analytes in a well resolved mixture. A method for the analysis of two analytes, the peaks of which totally overlap but which differ by their molar absorption coefficients, is also described. The validity of the equations and the applicability of the proposed method was examined in the analysis of 5-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-7-oxo 7H-benzo[c]fluorene hydrochloride (benflurone) and its metabolites. Some examples of the application of this approach are considered. PMID- 3246527 TI - Computer-aided optimisation of drug enantiomer separation in chiral high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The advent of several new column materials for the resolution of chiral compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography has opened up new possibilities for the analysis of drug enantiomers both in the dosage form and in bioanalytical studies. The utility of simplex optimisation, modified simplex and response surface mapping are considered with reference to the antischistosomal drug, oxamniquine, separated on an alpha 1-acid glycoprotein column. The resolution of the enantiomers of three closely related benzodiazepines, temazepam, oxazepam and lorazepam, is attempted on three new column systems: cellulose triacetate, beta cyclodextrin and the reversed-phase column porous graphitic carbon with beta cyclodextrin as a mobile phase additive. PMID- 3246528 TI - Simultaneous capillary gas chromatographic profiling of medium-and long-chain fatty acid methyl esters with split injection. Correction for injection-related discrimination by the 'bracketing' method. AB - Split injection-related discrimination can be a source of inaccuracy and imprecision in quantitative capillary gas chromatographic profiling methods for compounds with relatively big differences in boiling points, such as the methyl esters of medium- and long-chain fatty acids prepared from biological materials. We systematically investigated a standard containing equal masses of saturated fatty acid methyl esters, with chain lengths from C5 to C26, under different injection conditions, including injection temperature, sample volume and split ratio. Day-to-day performance was studied under one set of conditions. Normalized peak areas, reciprocal response factors, using either C17 or C23 as an internal standard, and 'bracketed' reciprocal response factors (peak area of each analyte divided by half the sum of the peak areas of two adjacent esters were calculated. In all experiments the bracketed reciprocal response factors were found to be closest to unity with the lowest coefficients of variation. PMID- 3246529 TI - Profiling of plasma cholesterol ester and triglyceride fatty acids as their methyl esters by capillary gas chromatography, preceded by a rapid aminopropyl silica column chromatographic separation of lipid classes. AB - A rapid procedure for the isolation of plasma cholesterol ester and triglyceride fractions with aminopropyl-silica columns, followed by analysis of their fatty acid compositions by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, is described. Within-series and long-term (six months) series-to series precision were investigated. The isolation procedure caused minimal cross over between the two lipid classes. Reference values for 57 apparently healthy Dutch adults were established and compared with data reported from other countries. Feeding of rats with four diets differing in their fatty acid compositions showed the relationship between the composition of the fatty acids in the diet and those esterified to cholesterol in plasma. The method is of potential usefulness to the establishment of the compliance of dietary interventions and basic dietary experiments. PMID- 3246530 TI - Behaviour of plasmalogens during high-performance liquid chromatography on a silica column with a mobile phase containing phosphoric acid. AB - Silica high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of phospho- and sphingolipids of biological origin using a mobile phase containing phosphoric acid leads to gradual hydrolysis of plasmalogens during their passage through the column. The resulting 2-acyl lyso analogues give rise to peaks that tail in the direction of the parent intact plasmalogen. Tailing can be prevented by previous complete acid hydrolysis of plasmalogens. Direct high-performance liquid chromatographic profiling of phospholipids, their plasmalogens (as 2-acyl lyso analogues) and sphingolipids is probably the method of choice for the diagnosis of patients with deficient plasmalogen biosynthesis caused by peroxisomal abnormalities. PMID- 3246531 TI - Separation of alpha-amino acid enantiomers by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and a sodium salt of 1-thio-beta-D-glucose. AB - A sensitive system for D,L-amino acid analysis has been developed, using fluorescence derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde in the presence of sodium salt of 1-thio-beta-D-glucose. The reagents rapidly form fluorescent diastereoisomeric derivatives with primary amino acids. These derivatives are efficiently separated on a conventional reversed-phase column with an analysis time of 60 min. Simultaneous determination of enantiomers of various amino acids was achieved by a simple binary gradient elution with methanol in 0.05 M aqueous sodium acetate. PMID- 3246532 TI - Separation of type IX collagen from other cartilage collagens by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. AB - Collagen type IX was separated from other cartilage collagens (types II and XI) by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on a 25 cm X 8 mm I.D. stainless-steel column packed with Separon HEMA 1000 Bio. The mobile phase was 0.84 M ammonium sulphate with 0.1 M potassium dihydrogenphosphate (pH 6.5). Under these conditions only collagen type IX was eluted from the column; it could be monitored with UV detection (218 nm) or selectively with fluorescence detection (excitation 330 nm, emission filter 389 nm). The method can be used for the isolation and quantitation of collagen type IX. The assay was linear in the range 0-10 micrograms, the correlation coefficient was 0.99, precision 5.5% and accuracy 13%. The detection limit was about 0.6 microgram. PMID- 3246533 TI - Isolation and analysis of peptidic fragments of alpha-gliadin using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Peptidic fragments of alpha-gliadin were obtained by peptic-tryptic-pancreatic (PTP) digestion of the alpha-gliadin fraction isolated by ion-exchange chromatography on a sulphopropyl-Sephadex C-50 column. The proteolytic digest was fractionated by ultrafiltration into three subfractions, PTPa1-PTPa3. The subfraction PTPa2 was then analysed and individual peaks were separated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using a gradient of acetonitrile in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and a Separon SGX-C18 sorbent. A 100 mg amount of the PTPa2 subfraction was separated in a single analysis by preparative RP-HPLC and twenty peaks were obtained for further characterization. The molecular mass in range 300-3000 was established for individual peptidic fragments by gel-permeation chromatography on a TSK-G2000 SW column. PMID- 3246534 TI - Optimization of the ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of purine derivatives in erythrocytes, thymocytes and liver mitochondria. AB - Various methods are described for the analysis of purine derivatives in biological samples by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with both gradient and isocratic systems. A new approach is proposed that is suitable for the separation of nuclei acid constituents in different cells with a specific enzymatic activity pattern. The ion-pair HPLC methods were developed for the analysis of erythrocytes, lymphocytes and mitochondria acid-soluble fractions in clinical and experimental studies of normal and altered nucleotide metabolism. The results of studies of purine metabolite redistribution in mouse liver mitochondria during a 30-min incubation at 37 degrees C and data on purine metabolic alterations in mouse thymocytes during hepatoma growth are discussed. PMID- 3246535 TI - Amino acid-amino acid interactions studied by charge-transfer chromatography. AB - The interaction between amino acids was studied by charge-transfer reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. The dependence of the lipophilicity of Trp on the concentration of other amino acids in the eluent was considered to be linearly related to the strength of interaction. Arg, Asn, Glu, Met, Phe and Thr interacted with Trp; Ala, Gly and Ser showed no interaction. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the pK value of the amino acid side-chain and the lipophilicity of the amino acid had the greatest impact on the interaction, suggesting the simultaneous presence of weak hydrophilic and hydrophobic bonding forces between amino acids. Sodium acetate in the eluent increased the interactive strength between Phe and Trp; acetic acid and sodium chloride did not influence the interaction significantly. No significant difference was found between the effects of L- and D-Asn. PMID- 3246536 TI - Determination of clozapine in human serum by capillary gas chromatography. AB - A gas chromatographic method using a fused-silica wide-bore capillary column and a nitrogen-specific detector for the determination of the antipsychotic agent clozapine in human serum is described. This method was found to be suitable for the determination of serum levels down to 1-2 ng/ml. The sensitivity, precision and accuracy of this method are adequate for studies on pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. PMID- 3246537 TI - Rapid determination of ethylene glycol at toxic levels in serum and urine. AB - The rapid gas chromatographic detection and determination of ethylene glycol in biological fluids is described. Phenylboronic acid in acetone was used for the esterification of glycol. The phenylboronates of ethylene glycol and 1,2 propylene glycol are not separated on a packed column of medium polarity (OV-17), but they can be separated on a non-polar column (OV-101). In both instances, 1,3 propylene glycol can be used as an internal standard. The method requires only 100 microliters of serum or urine and is suitable for trace analysis in an emergency toxicological laboratory. The utility of the method is demonstrated on two cases of human intoxication with ethylene glycol. PMID- 3246538 TI - Morphology of neurons in area 4 gamma of the cat's cortex studied with intracellular injection of HRP [corrected and issued with original paging in J Comp Neurol 1988 Nov 8;277(2)]. AB - Neurons in laminae II, III, V, and VI of area 4 gamma of the cat motor cortex were studied following intracellular penetration with an HRP-filled micro electrode. Antidromic and synaptic responses produced by stimulation of the cerebral peduncles and/or of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus were investigated. Horseradish peroxidase was then iontophoresed into the same neurons to allow examination of their detailed morphology. The morphology of pyramidal neurons whose somata were located in a particular lamina was similar but differed from that of pyramidal neurons in other laminae. The modified pyramidal neurons of lamina II had a truncated apical dendrite or did not possess an obvious apical dendrite, even though the ascending dendritic branches were longer and more extensive than the "basal" branches. As was the case for the pyramidal cells in other laminae, the axons of these lamina II modified pyramidal cells descended toward the white matter; their somata were generally pyramidal in shape, and their dendrites were spiny. All pyramidal neurons except some of lamina VI had ascending dendrites which terminated in a tuft in lamina I, subpially. No intracortical collaterals were seen originating from the axons of lamina II or of lamina VI pyramidal neurons. Lamina III pyramidal neurons had extensive short and long axon collaterals which contributed synaptic boutons to all laminae of the cortex. Pyramidal neurons of lamina V had fewer axon collaterals whose synaptic boutons were restricted to laminae V and VI. All somata of pyramidal tract neurons (PRNs), identified by antidromic responses from peduncular stimulation, were located in lamina V, except for one which was located in lamina VI. Recurrent collaterals of pyramidal neurons were activated by peduncular stimulation. Recurrent excitatory postsynaptic potentials (epsps) could be evoked in fast PTNs, slow PTNs, other pyramidal neurons of lamina V, and pyramidal neurons of lamina VI at latencies between 1.3 and 6.25 msec. In some slow PTNs, a recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potential of long duration was the predominant response. Stimulation of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus resulted in epsps in pyramidal neurons of lamina III, V, and VI at latencies between 1.0 and 5.0 msec. PMID- 3246539 TI - Self-induction of defense against tumor necrosis factor cytotoxicity in tumor cells and normal cells. AB - Investigation on the effect of TNF on RNA and protein synthesis by tumorigenic and normal cell lines showed their synthesis in tumor cells to be increased at 12 h and to peak at 24 h of incubation with TNF, while that in normal diploid fibroblast (HEL) cells was apparently unaffected by the presence of TNF. The increase correlated with cell susceptibility to cytotoxic effect by TNF. Artificial inhibition of either RNA or protein synthesis by L-M cells, by addition of actinomycin D or cycloheximide, increased the cytotoxic effect of TNF and thus suggested that the elevated RNA and protein synthesis is related not to the cytotoxic reaction itself but rather to a defense mechanism. Similar incubation of HEL cells with TNF in the presence of either inhibitor resulted in the occurrence of cytotoxicity not observed with TNF alone, thus suggesting the existence of a defense mechanism in normal, TNF-resistant cells which is absent or greatly weakened in tumor cells. PMID- 3246540 TI - Promotion of wound collagen formation in normal and diabetic mice by quadrol. AB - The rate of collagen deposition in implanted polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing in non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic mice was measured during 14 days post-wounding. At the time of implantation, test groups received injections of either Quadrol [N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2 hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine], glucan, or buffer in an area adjacent to the wound site. The accumulation of collagen in the implants of Quadrol-treated non diabetic animals was more than 200% above control on days 8 to 11 and was 50% above control on day 14. In Quadrol-treated STZ-diabetic mice, the collagen accumulation gradually increased from 50% above control on day 8 to 200% above control on day 14. Treatment with glucan increased the collagen accumulation in normal mice 200 to 300% above control from days 8 to 11 respectively and then 30% above control on day 14. Collagen accumulation in the implants of the glucan treated STZ-diabetic mice was similar to the control group. These results indicate that Quadrol promotes in vivo collagen synthesis and that Quadrol may be effective as a stimulator of wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic animals. PMID- 3246541 TI - Changes in canine neutrophil function(s) following cellular isolation by Percoll gradient centrifugation or isotonic lysis. AB - Analysis of cellular effector function(s) often requires their isolation from other cellular types. Cell separatory techniques could mask, or select out, clinically important functional lesions. We examined differences in canine peripheral blood neutrophil functions, i.e. migration and H202 production, following two commonly used cell separation techniques: isotonic lysis or density gradient (Percoll) centrifugation. Separation methodology was observed to have a significant impact on both metabolic and mobility functions. In comparison to isotonic lysis, Percoll separation caused near 100% increases in random migration, near 40% decreases in chemotaxis and 70% increases in H202 production. PMID- 3246542 TI - The effects of E series prostaglandins on blastogenic responses in vitro and graft vs. host responses in vivo. AB - In this study the ability of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), Misoprostol (a stable analog of PGE1), and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (a stable analog of PGE2) to suppress immune responses in vitro and in vivo was determined. All of the compounds caused a titratable (10(-6) to 10(-9) M) suppression of Con A blastogenesis and the mixed lymphocyte response whereas there was only slight inhibition of the LPS response. When either 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (30 ug/mouse) or Misoprostol (60 ug/mouse) was administered daily in vivo, there was a significant suppression of splenomegaly in F1 mice (C57Bl/6 x CBA) which had been injected with parental (C57Bl/6) spleen cells. We conclude that prostaglandins of the E series can function as immunosuppressive reagents both in vitro and in vivo. In the future they may serve to augment existing forms of immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 3246543 TI - Effects of increased core temperature on breathing movements and electrocortical activity in fetal sheep. AB - Core temperature of fetal sheep was raised by perfusing warm water through a loop implanted into the abdomen, or into the stomach via the oesophagus. Raising fetal temperature by 0.8-2 degrees C was associated with an increase in amplitude and incidence of breathing movements, and an increase in the proportion of breathing movements that occurred during high voltage electrocortical (ECoG) activity. Fetal hyperthermia was maintained for 8 h, but the augmentation of breathing movements did not last for more than 2-3 h. The results indicate that changes of maternal temperature caused by hot weather, exercise, fever, and possibly diurnal changes of body temperature could alter the amplitude and pattern of fetal breathing movements. PMID- 3246544 TI - Fetal oxygen uptake during uterine contractures. AB - During contractures there are decreases in fetal oxygen tension. In order to determine if there are concomitant changes in fetal oxygen consumption, we calculated the latter during contractures from measurements of the umbilical blood flow and venous arterial oxygen content differences across the umbilical circulation. There were decreases in both the umbilical venous (from 8.8 +/- 0.2 (SEM) to 8.5 +/- 0.2 ml.dl-1, P less than 0.01) and umbilical arterial (5.9 +/- 0.1 to 5.2 +/- 0.2 mg.dl-1, P less than 0.001) oxygen contents. The umbilical venous-arterial oxygen content difference increased from 2.9 +/- 0.1 to 3.3 +/- 0.2 ml.dl-1 (P less than 0.005). Umbilical blood flow was 194.3 +/- 4.5 ml.min-1 kg-1 during relaxation and was unchanged during contractures. Fetal oxygen uptake increased from 5.7 +/- 0.3 to 6.5 +/- 0.4 ml.min-1 kg-1 (P less than 0.005) during contractures. This observation is consistent with our previous speculation that there is increased muscular activity of tone associated with contractures. PMID- 3246546 TI - Pathways of purine nucleotide synthesis in the human trophoblast early and late in gestation. AB - Purine nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis were studied in cultures of human first and third trimester trophoblastic cells. De novo synthesis was measured as incorporation of 14C-formate into purine nucleotides. Reutilization of purine bases was evaluated by the incorporation of 14C-adenine and -hypoxanthine. Utilization of 14C-adenine was also studied. The incorporation of formate was significantly (P less than 0.01) less active in the third trimester cells. Adenine incorporation was an order of magnitude higher than that of formate in both first and third trimester cells, and significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in the first than third trimester cells. No change in the reutilization of hypoxanthine was observed as a function of gestational age, and the rate was not increased by high extracellular inorganic phosphate. Both phosphorylation and deamination of adenosine increased as a function of concentration up to at least 60 microM, and the high concentration was more efficiently utilized in the first trimester cells. The major pathways of purine nucleotide synthesis function in the human trophoblast throughout gestation, but the contribution of reutilization seems larger than that of de novo synthesis. First trimester trophoblast appears more active in nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis. Hypoxanthine utilization appears not be enhanced by increased extracellular phosphate. Hypoxanthine may be the major precursor utilized in trophoblastic purine nucleotide synthesis. PMID- 3246545 TI - Corticosteroid regulation of Na+ and K+ transport in the rat distal colon during postnatal development. AB - To study the role of corticosteroids in the regulation of colonic electrogenic amiloride-sensitive Na+ absorption (ISCNa) and barium-sensitive K+ secretion (ISCK) during development, we investigated suckling (10-day old), weanling (25 day old) and adult (90-day old) adrenalectomized rats after they had received aldosterone, dexamethasone or corticosterone. Adrenalectomy reduced markedly ISCNa in suckling rats and completely inhibited ISCNa in weanling animals; the ISCNa was absent in intact adult rats. The doses of aldosterone, corticosterone and dexamethasone estimated to be equivalent to the endogenous production rate of aldosterone and corticosterone restored ISCNa after 1 day in both suckling and weanling rats. Compared with aldosterone, glucocorticoids produced a greater increase in ISCNa. Concurrent spironolactone treatment (a mineralocorticoid antagonist) completely prevented the effect of aldosterone but had no effect in dexamethasone-treated rats. The glucocorticoid antagonist RU 38 486 inhibited the dexamethasone-induction of ISCNa but had no effect on aldosterone. The response to corticosteroids, measured as the increase of ISCNa, declined from suckling to adult rats. In contrast to ISCNa, the same time of treatment and the same doses of corticosteroids did not influence ISCK. ISCK was stimulated only after chronic treatment (4 days). These findings suggest that, in the distal colon of young rats, (1) both corticosteroids may regulate amiloride-sensitive Na+ absorption and barium-sensitive K+ secretion, (2) different receptors mediate the colonic effects of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, (3) immature rats are more sensitive to corticosteroids than adult animals, and (4) the acute effect of corticosteroids is an increase in Na+ absorption which is followed by delayed stimulation of K+ secretion. PMID- 3246547 TI - [Graphic presentation of amino acid composition with a modified radar chart]. PMID- 3246548 TI - [Clinical studies on iron deficiency]. PMID- 3246549 TI - [Viral infections in medicine. 1. An animal model of ATL research]. PMID- 3246550 TI - [Viral infections in medicine. 2. The history of discovery and clinico epidemiology of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM)]. PMID- 3246551 TI - [Viral infections in medicine. 3. Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus and its implications for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3246552 TI - [Hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 3246553 TI - [Long-term therapy of Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 3246554 TI - [Abnormal rise of the systolic blood pressure during recovery phase from a treadmill exercise test]. PMID- 3246555 TI - [Abnormalities of gastric mucosa in pernicious anemia]. PMID- 3246556 TI - [A case of amoebic colitis with an unusual clinical course without known risk factors]. PMID- 3246557 TI - [A case of Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome. The elucidation of collateral vessels of the portal system by magnetic resonance image]. PMID- 3246558 TI - [A male case of anorexia nervosa with endocrinological disorders, Adams-Stokes like attack, pericardial effusion and brain atrophy]. PMID- 3246559 TI - [A case of HCG-producing suprasellar germinoma with hypothalamic syndrome associated with acute renal failure]. PMID- 3246560 TI - [Familial amyloid polyneuropathy presenting as recurrent hemoptysis and hemosputum: detection of amyloid deposition of the lung by transbronchial lung biopsy]. PMID- 3246561 TI - [A case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) associated with nephrotic syndrome which remitted after double filtration plasma pheresis (DFPP) therapy]. PMID- 3246562 TI - [A case of refractory thrombocytopenia with a remarkable response to colchicine therapy]. PMID- 3246563 TI - [A case of Campylobactor jejuni enteritis complicated by acute onset IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 3246564 TI - [A case of asymptomatic adult hypophosphatasia]. PMID- 3246565 TI - Ocular distribution studies of the topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors L 643,799 and L-650,719 and related alkyl prodrugs. AB - The ocular distribution of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 6 hydroxybenzothiazide-2-sulphonamide (L-643,799) and 6-hydroxybenzothiophene-2 sulphonamide (L-650,719) has been investigated in albino rabbits after conjunctival administration of these compounds or related alkyl prodrugs. The ocular penetration of L-650,719 has been compared in ocular normotensive rabbits and in animals whose intraocular pressure has been experimentally elevated. PMID- 3246566 TI - Effect of ketorolac on herpes simplex virus type one ocular infection in rabbits. AB - Corticosteroids can exacerbate viral ocular infections. Ketorolac tromethamine is an effective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that may be a useful substitute for corticosteroids following ocular surgery. In this study, rabbits ocularly infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were treated topically four times daily with 0.5 percent ketorolac or 0.1 percent dexamethasone for 7 days after infection. Severity of the infection was determined by scoring corneal opacity and HSV-1 corneal ulcerations with the Draize scale as well as iritis and conjunctivitis. Ten days after treatment ended both the corneal opacity scores (1.5 out of 4) and HSV-1 corneal ulcerations (0.3 to 0.7 out of 4) were similar for ketorolac and the vehicle, indicating no exacerbation of the infection, whereas with dexamethasone these scores were increased (3.6/4 and 3.4/4, respectively). Furthermore, both iritis scores (0.5/2) and conjunctivitis scores (1.3 to 1.4/10) were also similar for ketorolac and the vehicle, while dexamethasone increased both iritis (1.8/2) and conjunctivitis (4.3/10) compared to vehicle. Thus, ketorolac appears to be an anti-inflammatory agent that does not worsen viral ocular infection. PMID- 3246567 TI - Ocular fluorescein clearance in patients with hypotony secondary to chronic uveitis. AB - The development of hypotony is not uncommon in patients with uveitis. Recent evidence suggests that prostaglandins may cause reduction in intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow. Ocular fluorescein clearance was measured in patients with hypotony due to chronic uveitis. The mean fluorescein clearance was found to be 0.44/hr., which is consistent with the results found by other investigators in normal subjects. PMID- 3246568 TI - Application site dependent ocular absorption of timolol. AB - Ocular absorption of timolol in rabbits was studied after topical ocular administration of 3H-timolol in an eyedrop or in silicone cylindrical devices that released timolol at 7.2 micrograms/h. The devices were applied in either the inferior or superior conjunctival sac. Timolol concentrations were nearly equal in the inferior and superior portions of ocular tissues when the drug was administered in an eyedrop. Administration in the devices resulted in unequal timolol distribution in the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, and iris-ciliary body. Timolol concentrations were higher in the part of each tissue that was closer to the site of the device application. Unequal concentrations of timolol in the superior and inferior part of the eye and very low timolol concentrations in the aqueous humor indicated that timolol was absorbed mainly via a noncorneal route from the device placed in the inferior conjunctival sac. Induced blinking at one minute intervals did not change ocular absorption of timolol. Compared with inferior conjunctival sac applications, placement of the devices in the superior conjunctival sac resulted in increased corneal and total ocular absorption of timolol as indicated by higher timolol concentrations in the aqueous humor and by a smaller difference between concentrations in the superior and inferior portions of the examined tissues. The application site dependent ocular absorption indicated that controlled release of timolol in the tear fluid did not result in a uniform timolol distribution in the preocular tear fluid of rabbit eyes. PMID- 3246569 TI - Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of cefepime (BMY-28142) following intravitreal injection in pigmented rabbit eyes. AB - We delineated the dose- and time-dependent retinal toxicity of cefepime (BMY 28142), a new third generation cephalosporin, using electroretinography in pigmented rabbit eyes. Toxicity was evaluated following intravitreal doses ranging from 0.5 to 20mg/0.1ml (N = 18). Electroretinographic patterns at one and two weeks indicated a toxic response to 20 mg of cefepime. B-waves were normal at one and two weeks for rabbits receiving doses of 0.5 to 10mg. Pharmacokinetic analysis after single intravitreal injection of 1 mg of cefepime (N = 3 rabbits/dose) disclosed the following vitreous fluid levels (ug/ml): 645 at Oh, 431 at 8h, 235 at 24h and 23 at 72h. Peak aqueous humor levels (56 ug/ml) were observed at 8h after injection. At 72h, ug/ml was detected in the aqueous fluid. PMID- 3246570 TI - Polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine: corneal toxicology and epithelial healing in a rabbit model. AB - Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) is a biocompatible broad spectrum antimicrobial that is widely used as an ophthalmic pre-operative prepping agent. In order to determine if PVP-I is safe for treating corneal ulcers and conjunctivitis, we evaluated the ocular toxicity of frequent dosing in a rabbit model. We evaluated ocular irritation in 18 rabbits according to the McDonald Shadduck method. Concentrations of 0.5% PVP-I or less were practically non irritating when administered six times per day. We evaluated corneal epithelial wound healing in 16 rabbits with standardized abrasions. Concentrations of 0.33% PVP-I showed epithelial healing comparable to gentamicin treated eyes and untreated controls. Concentrations of 0.5% PVP-I delayed epithelial healing by one day. Because of its broad spectrum and apparently low toxicity, PVP-I may be a useful treatment for corneal ulcers, keratitis and conjunctivitis. PMID- 3246571 TI - Toxic effects of topically administered Betagan, Betoptic, and Timoptic on regenerating corneal epithelium. AB - Re-epithelialization of 40 iatrogenic cornea ulcers produced in rabbits with iodine vapour burn were studied after topical administration of Betagan, Betoptic or Timoptic. At 24 hours there was no statistical difference in the wound healing rates among all the treated animal groups. At 48 hours, all the drug-treated groups were significantly different from the control group (p less than 0.05). There was no difference between the Betagan and Betoptic treated groups but the Timoptic-treated group was slower (p less than 0.05) than the Betoptic treated group, while the difference between the Timoptic and Betagan treated groups is not significant. At 72 hours the re-epithelialization rate of the Timoptic treated group was significantly slower than both the Betagan and Betoptic treated groups (p less than 0.05). By the 16th day following ulceration SEM examination revealed the Timoptic treated group had extensive epithelial cell desquamation, as well as hole formation and plasma membrane disruption. The Betagan treated corneas had mild superficial epithelial changes with loss of microvilli or slight desquamation. The Betoptic treated corneas were completely healed. In conclusion, Betagan is less toxic than Timoptic. Betoptic is the least toxic of the three drugs to regenerating rabbit corneal epithelium. PMID- 3246572 TI - An essay on the future of H-2 serology. PMID- 3246573 TI - Was the MHC made for the immune system, or did immunity take advantage of an ancient polymorphic gene family encoding cell surface interaction molecules? A speculative essay. PMID- 3246574 TI - Studies in the explanation of issues in biomedical ethics: the example of abortion. AB - The variety of general issues and particular controversies in biomedical ethics can be understood as reflecting a deeper unity than normally supposed. The principle of plenitude and the paradigm of the "chain of Being" form the tie among the phenomena. They are defined, and their presence is tracked especially through some of the ideas and language in the debate about the ethics of abortion. PMID- 3246575 TI - Self-determination, incompetence, and medical jurisprudence. AB - Philosophers and others have criticized the courts for ascribing a right of self determination to severe incompetents. I defend ascription of a right of self determination to these incompetents against both conceptual and normative attacks. I argue that a court need make no conceptual error when it ascribes a right of self-determination to a being who never had capacity for rational choice, and I argue that proper judicial deference to reflective conventional morality supports ascription of a right of self-determination to severe incompetents. PMID- 3246576 TI - The hermeneutic role of the consultation-liaison psychiatrist. AB - Case examples are studied in order to ascertain what best characterizes the work of consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatrists. Such practitioners play the role of "inter-interpreter": they are able and called upon to mediate between different conceptual worlds. In certain instances this may involve reconciling or choosing between physicalistic and mentalistic interpretations of the case. At other times it is the opposing world-views of patient and staff that must be reconciled. The mediating position of the C-L psychiatrist is thus found to be clinically valuable, and illustrative of the differing discourses that characterize modern medicine. PMID- 3246577 TI - The peaceable pluralistic society and the question of persons. AB - In his recent book The Foundation of Bioethics, H. Tristam Engelhardt Jr. advances the idea of a peaceable pluralist moral society based on principles of autonomy, beneficience, and ownership. This paper tries to show that unless there is one and only one rationally sustainable definition of "a person", then the peaceable society cannot remain peaceable, but will be stirred up by groups with different and equally rational definitions. The paper further tries to show that Engelhardt's own definition of "persons in the strict sense" is an unsatisfactory solution to the problem, and the same is true for any of the possible compromises. PMID- 3246578 TI - Foundations, persons, and the battle for the millennium. PMID- 3246579 TI - Love and death: existential dimensions of physicians' difficulties with moral problems. AB - Physicians often appear more troubled by moral dilemmas than would seem justified given the present social and professional consensus on many of the questions involved. Their discomfort arises not only at ethical, technical, and behavioral levels (the most commonly identified sources of difficulty), but also at an existential level, that is, as the manifestation of conflicts rooted in the processes and conditions of our coming-to-be as persons. Analysis of this level of physicians' moral difficulties requires renewed attention to the physician as a person, and suggests new perspectives on the interpersonal environment of medical practice. PMID- 3246580 TI - Ethics by committee: the moral authority of consensus. AB - Consensus is commonly identified as the goal of ethics committee deliberation, but it is not clear what is morally authoritative about consensus. Various problems with the concept of an ethics committee in a health care institution are identified. The problem of consensus is placed in the context of the debate about realism in moral epistemology, and this is shown to be of interest for ethics committees. But further difficulties, such as the fact that consensus at one level of discourse need not imply consensus at another, oblige us to look more closely at the deliberative process itself. That yields two complementary methods of deliberation that have proven their worth. Finally, placing ethics committees in the context of Dewey's philosophy of social intelligence suggests that consensus should be regarded primarily as a condition rather than as the goal of inquiry. PMID- 3246581 TI - Virtue and the practice of modern medicine. AB - Robert Veatch has claimed that virtue theory is not only irrelevant but potentially dangerous in medical ethics. I argue that virtue is a far more prominent factor in contemporary medical practice than Veatch admits. Even if 'stranger medicine' is taken as the norm, proper conduct on the part of physicians depends on certain character traits in order to be maintained consistently over a long period of time and in situations which run counter to the physician's own interests. Right conduct, which Veatch argues is the central moral issue in the physician-patient relationship, is intertwined with certain virtues. Moreover, the virtue of integrity and the concept of a unified life narrative are especially useful in analyzing an important factor missing in modern medicine. And since medicine relies necessarily on some concept of human flourishing I argue that virtue theory can play a central role in helping to determine the goals of medical practice. PMID- 3246583 TI - Defining the limits of housestaff care. PMID- 3246582 TI - Professionalism, altruism, and overwork. AB - The author contends that overworking residents cannot be ethically justified. There is evidence that overwork is detrimental both to the resident and to the patient. In addition, the argument that working long hours is essential to maintain medicine's status as a profession is analyzed. The claim cannot be supported by definitions of professionalism. Although Flexner's definition does specify altruism as an essential component, it does not justify long working hours for residents. Altruism is obligatory in some limited cases, but only when it is required to fulfill some contractual obligation. PMID- 3246584 TI - Characterization of SE-3, a virulent bacteriophage of Saccharopolyspora erythraea. AB - SE-3 is a virulent bacteriophage isolated from a large-scale culture of Saccharopolyspora erythraea, an erythromycin producer. The host range of the phage is narrow, limited to some strains of this species. Another strain of Sac. erythraea, and a strain of Sac. hirsuta, are able to adsorb phage particles but do not sustain their complete multiplication. SE-3 is closely related to the phage SE-5 as shown by DNA restriction mapping. The differences between SE-3 and SE-5 genomes are apparently limited to two DNA segments flanked by short inverted repeats, visualized by electron microscopy. PMID- 3246585 TI - Segmented arrangement of Borrelia duttonii DNA and location of variant surface antigen genes. AB - The DNA of an isolate of Borrelia duttonii, an agent of relapsing fever is present as seven major species ranging in size from 10 kb to greater than 150 kb. Additionally, this isolate contains low copy number species, both smaller and larger than these seven major elements. No one of these individual DNA species obviously corresponds to the bacterial chromosome, unlike the situation in Borrelia hermsii, another relapsing fever Borrelia. Thus it appears that B. duttonii has a unique segmented arrangement of its genetic material. Cloned DNA fragments containing coding sequences specific for variant surface antigens of B. duttonii hybridize to a closely migrating, high copy number subset of these genetic elements. PMID- 3246586 TI - O-antigenic lipopolysaccharides isolated from a marine Vibrio, bio-serogroup 1875, possessing an antigenic factor in common with O1 Vibrio cholerae. AB - The chemical and serological characteristics of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Vibrio bio-serogroup 1875 were compared with those of O1 Vibrio cholerae LPS. Vibrio bio-serogroup 1875 LPS contained all the component sugars which were found in O1 V. cholerae LPS, i.e. glucose, L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, fructose, glucosamine, perosamine and quinovosamine, though the amount of perosamine, a characteristic component of O1 V. cholerae LPS, was very low compared with that of O1 V. cholerae LPS. Their LPS additionally contained mannose and two unidentified neutral sugars which are not regular constituents of O1 V. cholerae LPS. Definite serological cross-reactivity in the passive haemolysis test between LPS from Vibrio bio-serogroup 1875 and LPS from O1 V. cholerae was demonstrated. PMID- 3246587 TI - A numerical taxonomic study of the genus Xenorhabdus (Enterobacteriaceae) and proposed elevation of the subspecies of X. nematophilus to species. AB - Data from a study of both phases of 21 strains of Xenorhabdus examined for 240 characters were subjected to numerical analysis. Only 60 characters were used for the analyses, since 169 characters were common to all isolates, and the acidification data essentially duplicated the assimilation tests. The data were arranged in seven ways to determine the significance of characters affected by phase change and of weak responses. Most of the analyses involved calculation of similarities by the Jaccard coefficient and clustering by single linkage, complete linkage and centroid sorting algorithms. The resultant dendrograms emphasized the importance of recognizing phase-related characteristics in examining the taxonomy of Xenorhabdus. They also demonstrated a close correspondence between the taxonomic groupings of Xenorhabdus and those of their nematode associates. It is proposed that the subspecies of X. nematophilus be elevated to species, X. nematophilus, X. bovienii, X. poinarii and X. beddingii. PMID- 3246588 TI - A numerical classification of the genus Bacillus. AB - Three hundred and sixty-eight strains of aerobic, endospore-forming bacteria which included type and reference cultures of Bacillus and environmental isolates were studied. Overall similarities of these strains for 118 unit characters were determined by the SSM, SJ and DP coefficients and clustering achieved using the UPGMA algorithm. Test error was within acceptable limits. Six cluster-groups were defined at 70% SSM, which corresponded to 69% SP and 48-57% SJ. Groupings obtained with the three coefficients were generally similar but there were some changes in the definition and membership of cluster-groups and clusters, particularly with the SJ coefficient. The Bacillus strains were distributed among 31 major (4 or more strains), 18 minor (2 or 3 strains) and 30 single-member clusters at the 83% SSM level. Most of these clusters can be regarded as taxospecies. The heterogeneity of several species, including Bacillus brevis, B. circulans, B. coagulans, B. megateriun, B. sphaericus and B. stearothermophilus, has been indicated and the species status of several taxa of hitherto uncertain validity confirmed. Thus on the basis of the numerical phenetic and appropriate (published) molecular genetic data, it is proposed that the following names be recognized; Bacillus flexus (Batchelor) nom. rev., Bacillus fusiformis (Smith et al.) comb. nov., Bacillus kaustophilus (Prickett) nom. rev., Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus (Larkin & Stokes) nom. rev. and Bacillus simplex (Gottheil) nom. rev. Other phenetically well-defined taxospecies included 'B. aneurinolyticus', 'B. apiarius', 'B. cascainensis', 'B. thiaminolyticus' and three clusters of environmental isolates related to B. firmus and previously described as 'B. firmus-B. lentus intermediates'. Future developments in the light of the numerical phenetic data are discussed. PMID- 3246589 TI - The significance of long-chain fatty acid composition and other phenotypic characteristics in determining relationships among some Pichia and Candida species. AB - The long-chain fatty acid compositions of 22 species of Candida were determined, and compared with the fatty acid compositions of 10 species of the genus Pichia that contain coenzyme Q9. The long-chain fatty acid results were also compared with other phenotypic criteria (i.e. assimilation of carbon sources, coenzyme Q type, G + C content and proton magnetic resonance spectra) in order to establish possible anamorph/teleomorph relations. Close correlations were found between known perfect/imperfect states. The results suggest that C. cacaoi and P. farinosa, and C. maltosa and P. etchellsii, also have anamorph/teleomorph relationships. PMID- 3246590 TI - Metabolic changes during development of Phytophthora palmivora examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - Metabolic profiles from four stages of differentiation of the fungus Phytophthora palmivora were obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The profiles showed the presence of sterols in the asexual reproduction stage of the organism, and confirmed their virtual absence from the mycelial stages. The zoospore stage was characterized by the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids of C20 and C22 chain length. The transition from zoospore to cyst was also marked by the appearance of disaccharides and by a decrease in the amount of phosphate present. There were also distinctive shifts in the proportions and the total amounts of amino acids present, with gamma-aminobutyrate and alanine increasing as germination took place. These distinctive profiles identify some of the metabolic changes which accompany differentiation in this fungus. PMID- 3246591 TI - Thermostable peroxidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - A peroxidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme (Mr 175,000) was composed of two subunits of equal size, and showed a Soret band at 406 nm. On reduction with sodium dithionite, absorption at 434 nm and 558 nm was observed. The spectrum of reduced pyridine haemochrome showed peaks at 418, 526 and 557 nm; the reduced minus oxidized spectrum of pyridine haemochrome showed peaks of 418, 524 and 556 nm with a trough at 452 nm. These results indicate that the enzyme contained protohaem IX as a prosthetic group. The optimum pH was about 6 and the apparent optimum temperature was 70 degrees C. The enzyme was relatively stable up to 70 degrees C; at 30 degrees C it was stable for a month. The enzyme had peroxidase activity toward a mixture of 2,4 dichlorophenol and 4-aminoantipyrine with a Km for H2O2 of 1.3 mM. It also acted as a catalase with a Km for H2O2 of 7.5 mM. PMID- 3246592 TI - Effect of hexadecane-induced vesiculation on the outer membrane of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. AB - Lipopolysaccharide-rich vesicles were released from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 69V during growth on hexadecane. Vesicle formation occurred over the whole surface of the cell as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. In contrast, the surface of acetate-grown cells, for which little lipopolysaccharide was found in the growth medium, appeared smooth. The overall chemical composition as well as the protein and phospholipid composition of the outer membranes of both cell types was very similar. In the vesicles all outer membrane proteins were found with the exception of an Mr 10,000 polypeptide corresponding to Braun's lipoprotein. Compared with the outer membrane, the vesicles contained more phosphatidylethanolamine. Hexadecane-grown cells were susceptible to exogenously added phospholipase. Nevertheless the barrier function towards lysozyme was retained. PMID- 3246593 TI - Characterization of two Haemophilus somnus Fc receptors. AB - Haemophilus somnus expresses two types of receptors that bind to the Fc region of bovine IgG, IgA and IgM. In this study, the relationship between these two types of Fc receptors is characterized. The high molecular mass receptors (350, 270 and 120 kDa) were secreted into the culture medium and were also in the insoluble protein fraction of the culture medium. The 41 kDa Fc receptor, which is a major outer-membrane protein, was only present in the insoluble protein fraction. Peptide mapping of the two types of Fc receptors suggests that the 41 kDa receptor is related to the high molecular mass receptor complex. Disulphide linkage is unlikely to be the mechanism of association of the 41 kDa receptor with the high molecular mass receptors since reducing agents had no effect on separating the individual receptors. Although the 41 kDa receptor is a major protein in the outer membrane of H. somnus, it does not react with convalescent bovine sera in Western blots. In contrast, convalescent bovine sera reacts intensely with the high molecular mass receptors in Western blots. PMID- 3246595 TI - DNA-mediated transformation in the aquatic filamentous fungus Achlya ambisexualis. AB - A DNA-mediated transformation system was developed for the aquatic filamentous fungus Achlya ambisexualis using the chimeric plasmid vector pSV2neo2 microns. Hyphal colonies resistant to the neomycin analogue G-418 sulphate were regenerated from transformed protoplasts on soft agar. Southern blot analyses of the transformed-cell DNA produced multiple hybridization bands, suggesting integration of vector DNA into the host genome at multiple sites. Northern blot analyses revealed the presence of three APHII-gene-specific transcripts in the transformant, indicating that the G-418-resistant phenotype was due to the expression of the APHII gene. The presence of multiple RNA transcripts of unexpectedly large size suggested that RNA initiation and/or termination is under the control of regulatory element(s) other than the SV40 promoter. Plasmid DNAs recovered by transformation of Escherichia coli cells with total DNA preparations from the fungal transformants showed considerable DNA rearrangements. However, at least a portion of the plasmid DNA recovered from each of the transformants carried a functional APHII gene, suggesting that the episomal vector DNA may have played a role in maintaining the G-418-resistant phenotype. PMID- 3246594 TI - Characterization of two families of spontaneously amplifiable units of DNA in Streptomyces ambofaciens. AB - Four highly amplified DNA sequences (ADS) ranging from 5.8 to 24.8 kb were found in spontaneous mutant strains of Streptomyces ambofaciens DSM 40697. Restriction patterns of total DNA were hybridized with purified ADS6 (24.8 kb) as a probe to detect the amplifiable regions in the wild-type (WT) genome. The results suggested that the amplifiable unit of DNA (AUD) was present as a single copy in the WT genome. Moreover, similarities suggested by the restriction maps of three of the ADS were confirmed by hybridization experiments. The fourth ADS did not hybridize with the three others. Therefore, two families of DNA sequences are potentially amplifiable in the S. ambofaciens genome. PMID- 3246596 TI - Loss of the toluene-xylene catabolic genes of TOL plasmid pWW0 during growth of Pseudomonas putida on benzoate is due to a selective growth advantage of 'cured' segregants. AB - During growth on benzoate-minimal medium Pseudomonas putida mt-2 (PaW1) segregates derivative ('cured') strains which have lost the ability to use the pathway encoded by its resident catabolic plasmid pWW0. Experiments with two plasmids identical to pWW0 but each with an insert of Tn401, which confers resistance to carbenicillin, suggested that the 'benzoate curing' occurs far more frequently by the specific deletion of the 39 kbp region carrying the catabolic genes than by total plasmid loss. This effect was not pH-dependent, and was not produced during growth on other weak organic acids, such as succinate or propionate, or when benzoate was present in the medium with an alternative, preferentially used carbon source such as succinate. Growth on benzoate did not cause loss from strain PaW174 of the plasmid pWW0174, a derivative of pWW0 which has deleted the 39 kbp region but carries Tn401. Similarly the naphthalene catabolic plasmid pWW60-1, of the same incompatibility group as pWW0, was not lost from PaW701 during growth on benzoate. Competition between wild-type PaW1 and PaW174, which has the 'cured' phenotype, showed that the latter has a distinct growth advantage on benzoate over the wild-type even when initially present as only 1% of the population: when PaW174 was seeded at lower cell ratios, spontaneously 'cured' derivatives of PaW1 took over the culture after 60 80 generations, indicating that they are present in PaW1 cultures at frequencies between 10(-2) and 10(-3). We conclude that the progressive takeover of populations of PaW1 only occurs when benzoate is present as the sole growth source and that neither benzoate, nor other weak acids, affect plasmid segregation or deletion events: a sufficient explanation is that the 'cured' segregants grow faster than the wild-type using the chromosomally determined beta ketoadipate pathway. PMID- 3246598 TI - Plasmid-mediated serum resistance and alterations in the composition of lipopolysaccharides in Salmonella dublin. AB - Survival rates of Salmonella dublin in rabbit serum after culture for 1 h at 37 degrees C were compared between a wild-type strain (5240) carrying a 50 MDa plasmid, a plasmid-cured strain (C524), and a cured strain containing the 50 MDa plasmid tagged with Tn1 (5241). Strain C524 was more susceptible to the bactericidal activity of normal serum than its parent strain 5240 (percentage survival less than 1% and 52.5 +/- 9.2%, respectively). On the other hand, the percentage survival of strain 5241 was significantly increased (90.4 +/- 4.0%), indicating that the reintroduction of the plasmid into the cured strain restored the serum resistance. Moreover, this change in the serum resistance properties correlated with changes in the neutral sugar composition of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of these strains, suggesting that the 50 MDa plasmid is necessary for O-side chain expression in the LPS of S. dublin. PMID- 3246597 TI - Differences among Shigella spp. in susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of human serum. AB - Clinical isolates of Shigella spp. were examined for their susceptibility to human serum. The susceptibility of the strains to immune and nonimmune human serum was dependent upon the size of the bacterial inoculum and the concentration of serum. There were differences among Shigella spp. in susceptibility to human serum: S. sonnei strains were the least susceptible, strains of S. boydii and S. flexneri serotype 6 were intermediate, and those of S. flexneri other than serotype 6 and S. dysenteriae were the most susceptible. Experiments in which heat-treated (56 degrees C for 30 min, or 50 degrees C for 20 min) serum was used, and analysis of activation of complement by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from each Shigella sp., suggested that LPS composition, especially the O antigen polysaccharide chains, contributes to the differences among Shigella spp. in susceptibility to human serum. PMID- 3246599 TI - Developmental and radiological anatomy of the superficial cerebral convexity vessels in the human fetus. AB - The superficial cerebral vessels on the convex side of the cerebral hemisphere were investigated using 40 brains of aborted human fetuses (ranging from 2 to 7 months of gestational age), injected with radiopaque material either through the arterial or venous system. These brains, particularly their vessels, were studied in detail through stepwise roentgenography in stereo-pairs, photography and careful dissections. Morphological changes of the superficial vessels of the cerebral convexity reflect the developmental alterations of the cerebral structures, particularly those of the opercula and cerebral sulci. Between the gestational ages of 3 and 4 months, the middle cerebral artery and its tributaries run radially on the sylvian fossa and over the convexity. Anastomoses among the peripheral branches of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries take place on the convex side of the hemisphere. At the ages of 3 and 4 months, the middle cerebral vein and its tributaries are well developed compared with the superior and inferior cerebral (or ascending and descending cortical) veins. The middle cerebral vein and its tributaries rapidly regress from the 5th to 7th month. The superior and inferior cerebral veins, on the other hand, develop rapidly during this period. Owing to the development of the opercula and resultant depression of the insula, after seven months of gestation the middle cerebral artery and its branches, begin to differentiate into the vallecular (related to the sylvian vallecula or fronto-temporal notch), insular (related to the insular cortex), opercular (related to the frontal, parietal and temporal opercula) and convexity segments (related to the convex side of the hemisphere). The anastomotic veins of Trolard and Labbe are also recognizable at this stage. The superficial sylvian vein in the process of formation may also be detected. The configuration of the cerebral vessels on the convex side of the hemisphere is also affected greatly by the development of the cerebral sulci. These cerebral vessels may run along, or dip into the sulci. Since the development of the superficial cerebral vessels is closely related to that of the cerebral mantle, these studies should be correlated to detail with those of developmental alterations of the intraparenchymal vessels (medullary arteries and veins). The latter investigation will be presented in a future communication. PMID- 3246600 TI - Brain arteriovenous malformations: analysis of the angio-architecture in relationship to hemorrhage (based on 152 patients explored and/or treated at the hopital de Bicetre between 1981 and 1986). AB - The authors studied the charts and angiograms of 178 patients with cerebral vascular lesions. The angiographic features of these malformations could be grouped into the following categories: arterial variations, arterial aneurysms, arterial infundibulum, arterial stenosis, venous variation, venous stenosis, venous ectasia, arteriovenous fistula, transcerebral vascularization and external carotid supply. The age and sex of the patients as well as the topography and angiographic features were correlated with the incidence of hemorrhage. We found that deep and posterior fossa malformations, as well as temporal, insular and callosal localizations, were more likely to have bled. We also found that older males (40-50 years) with associated aneurysms and younger females (20-30 years) with venous stenosis were more likely to have bled. PMID- 3246602 TI - Morphological and blood flow MR findings in cerebral vascular malformations. AB - The authors report MR findings in 139 patients with 159 cerebral vascular malformations (36 arteriovenous malformations, 25 venous angiomas and 98 cavernous angiomas). Morphological aspects and hemodynamic findings due to rapid and slow flow are analysed. MR is able to differentiate the various type of lesions and permits the visualization of angiographically occult vascular malformations. In the case of cavernous angiomas MR information may not be sufficient for an absolute diagnosis because of differential diagnostic problems; correlation with the clinical history, CT and angiographic findings and follow-up MR study are certain to be necessary to increase specificity. Usually it is possible to distinguish histopathological components of the lesion and perilesional modifications in the cerebral parenchyma. PMID- 3246601 TI - Wallerian degeneration of the descending tracts. CT and MRI features of the brain stem. AB - The authors have studied by CT brain infarcts of different ages in 16 patients, two of whom were also examined by MRI. The early and CT signs of wallerian degeneration of the descending tracts within the brain stem are described. Three cases of crossed cerebellar atrophy are reported; in one of them, the cerebral lesion had been present for less than 8 years. The physiopathology of pontine hemiatrophy and crossed cerebellar atrophy is discussed. PMID- 3246603 TI - MRI features of craniopharyngiomas at 1.5 Tesla. A series of 13 cases. AB - Thirteen patients with craniopharyngioma were explored with a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imager. The results were compared with those of CT and with operative findings. The MRI signals were correlated with the biochemical composition of the cysts (proteins, lipids, iron, LDH) in 5 cases; 2 patients were studied after an intravenous injection of gadolinium DOTA. MRI proved vastly superior to CT to evaluate the spread and identify the various components of craniopharyngiomas (cysts, fleshy parts, haemorrhages), except for calcifications. Gadolinium improved the detection of fleshy parts and "active" cysts. The signals emitted by cysts were extremely variable on T1-weighted sequences. The correlation between MRI and biochemical data was complex, but it appeared that protein, lipid and iron concentrations had a major influence on cyst signals. MRI with gadolinium may be envisaged as first-line examination to improve the evaluation of spread, determine the prognosis and detect recurrences of craniopharyngiomas. CT could be reserved to difficult cases with invasion of bones and sinuses. PMID- 3246604 TI - Primary osteosarcoma of the cervical spine: one case. AB - The authors report the case of a 31-year old woman who was operated upon for cervical bone tumour. The pathological study showed that it was a primary, highly differentiated osteosarcoma. The clinical picture was limited to a spinal cord compression syndrome without signs of inflammation. Radiological findings were non-specific. Treatment consisted of laminectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The course of the disease was marked by stabilization, then rapid aggravation 2 years after the operation. A review of the literature highlighted the rarity and relatively slow progression of primary osteosarcomas of the spine. PMID- 3246605 TI - Helminthic infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Strongyloides stercoralis, the only helminthic parasite that can complete its life cycle in the human host, is also the only helminthic parasite that has been reported with any frequency in AIDS patients. Symptoms include hives, skin eruptions, abdominal pain, perianal pruitis, diarrhea, and pneumonitis. Diagnosis is made by demonstrating rhabditiform larvae in the stool or female parasitic worms and eggs in the small intestinal mucosa; in disseminated cases, rhabditiform or filariform larvae can be found in liver, heart, lungs, thyroid, kidneys, adrenals, pancreas, lymph nodes, and central nervous system. Successful treatment has been achieved with thiabendazol. Strongyloidiasis is uncommon, but since cell-mediated immunity is important in combatting this organism, and since T-lymphocyte function is impaired in AIDS patients, strongyloidiasis should not be overlooked in the diagnosis of opportunistic illnesses in these individuals. PMID- 3246606 TI - Estimation of the mean caliper: a new simple approach. AB - Morphometric measurements are commonly carried out on structures the shape of which approximates that of a sphere. We calculated some stereological data of eosinophil granules by using digitized planimetry, performed on transmission electronmicrographs. By using a new approach for mean caliper (D) estimation and extrapolating an approximate granule axial ratio, we were able to calculate the granule density size. We deduced from a numerical analysis for various sphere sizes distributions from which an underestimation of not more than 4% may be contributed to D in most cases, assuming that the diameter coefficient of variation is less than 35%. The methodology we propose for mean ellipsoid caliper estimation seems to be useful in cases in which the disector method is not suitable. PMID- 3246607 TI - EELS log-ratio technique for specimen-thickness measurement in the TEM. AB - We discuss measurement of the local thickness t of a transmission microscope specimen from the log-ratio formula t = lambda ln (It/I0) where It and I0 are the total and zero-loss areas under the electron-energy loss spectrum. We have measured the total inelastic mean free path lambda in 11 materials of varying atomic number Z and have parameterized the results in the form lambda = 106F (E0/Em)/ln (2 beta E0/Em) where F = (1 + E0/1,022)/(1 + E0/511)2, the incident energy E0 is in keV, the spectrum collection semiangle beta is in mrad, and Em = 7.6Z0.36. This formulation should allow absolute thickness to be determined to an accuracy of +/- 20% in most inorganic specimens. PMID- 3246608 TI - Technique for preparing cross-section transmission electron microscopy specimens from ceramic oxide braze joints. AB - A method for preparing cross-section transmission electron microscopy specimens from alumina and partially stabilized zirconia braze joints is described. The technique relies on masking a mechanically dimpled 3-mm disc in order to avoid preferential thinning of the metallic braze filler alloy during ion milling. The results presented show that specimens made by this technique are suitable for characterizing the fine microstructural details of interfacial reactions at oxide surfaces that occur during brazing. PMID- 3246609 TI - A study of section wrinkling on single-hole coated grids using TEM and SEM. AB - To prevent section wrinkles usually encountered with the use of coated single hole grids, a simple method was developed. Formvar film resting on a platform with holes (3.5 mm diameter) was heated with a slide warmer (60-65 degrees C). The bottom of a glass petri dish was inverted over the platform to keep the ambient air at the desired temperature. Sections were picked up from the boat of the diamond knife with a single-hole grid and deposited at the orifice of the platform and allowed to dry. The grids were then carefully pushed through the orifice of the platform with the blunt head of a nail (3 mm diameter). PMID- 3246610 TI - A simple method for the preparation of isolated enamel crystallites for transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 3246611 TI - Simple multi-process data sharing with the VAX/VMS operation system. PMID- 3246612 TI - Object-marking, a bridge between light and analytical electron microscopy for particles characterization. PMID- 3246613 TI - Cross-sectional TEM specimens of metal contacts to semiconductors. PMID- 3246614 TI - The use of double Formvar film to support paraffin sections for light microscopy and subsequent STEM/X-ray microanalysis. PMID- 3246615 TI - High Tc ceramic superconductors: introduction, background, and challenges to the electron microscopist. AB - This introductory article reviews the recent developments in high Tc superconducting ceramics. Particular emphasis is given to the structural and chemical aspects of these compounds that may be of interest to the electron microscopist. Included are some of the contributions made by electron microscopy techniques over the last 10 months. The applications of electron microscopy to solving practical problems associated with these exciting new materials are also discussed. PMID- 3246616 TI - Structural characterization of Ba2YCu3O7 by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. AB - We show that high-resolution transmission electron microscopy can be used directly to reveal the structure of the metal framework and its defects in Ba2YCu3O7. The use of dynamical effects under carefully selected and controlled conditions allows the detection of long-range order in the disposition of the oxygen vacancies, but inevitable misalignments make the quantification of the order parameter difficult. Specimen preparation methods are compared, and a wide angle convergent-beam pattern is demonstrated. PMID- 3246618 TI - Evaluation of high-resolution electron microscopy as a method for studying Y-Ba Cu-O superconductors. AB - High-resolution transmission electron microscopes operating at 300 and 400 kV were used to investigate the crystallography and microstructure of the perovskitelike YBa2Cu3O7-x. In this paper, we evaluate the performance attainable with these microscopes both empirically and by computer modelling. Based upon the assumption that oxygen may be a key to superconductivity properties, we have also investigated the visibility of the oxygen sites as well as the heavier yttrium and barium ion positions and the lighter Cu atom positions. We propose a scheme for observing different twin orientations in these structures and hence the oxygen atom positions seen in projection for the [100] and [010]. Our observations of both thick and thin regions of Y-Ba-Cu-O materials are reported as well as the problems of adjusting microscope parameters and specimen alignment to obtain interpretable images. We also give a preliminary report on the effects of heat treatment as seen in high-resolution micrographs to assess disorder of the heavy atoms and oxygen vacancies. PMID- 3246617 TI - Structure of superconducting thin films of YBa2Cu3O7-x grown on SrTiO3 and cubic zirconia. AB - Thin films of the superconductive oxide YBa2Cu3O7-x have been made by electron beam coevaporation of the metals in an oxygen atmosphere onto single-crystal [001]-oriented SrTiO3 and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates. The oxide films were superconducting in the as-deposited state (Tc = 81-83K, Jc = 10(6) A/cm2 at 4.2K). Bright-field imaging, selected-area diffraction (SAD), and high resolution imaging in the transmission electron microscope were used to characterize the microstructure of these films. All of the films were polycrystalline. On SrTiO3 the films were oriented, for the most part, with [110] parallel to the substrate surface. On YSZ, two microstructures were observed: one with smaller rectangular grains oriented with (100) or (010) parallel to the substrate surface and the other with (001) parallel to the surface (i.e., c-axis up). PMID- 3246619 TI - Analytical electron microscopy study of high Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7. AB - The high Tc superconducting material YBa2Cu3O7 shows a complex relationship between microstructure and oxygen content, which are controlled by length of heat treatment, atmosphere, and quench rate. An AEM investigation studying changes in the oxygen near edge features was undertaken. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements have the important advantage that they can be made on single crystal grains, allowing orientation-dependent studies. Both ion-milled and crushed samples with varying O2 content were analyzed. The structure of YBaCu3O7 was determined by neutron diffraction to be orthorhombic with distinct Cu-O chains along the b-axis as well as Cu-O planes in the a-b plane. Therefore, by looking for a crystallographic dependence of the oxygen K-edge one might be able to distinguish inequivalent oxygen atoms by their core level binding energy and correlate site occupancy with varying O2 content. The EELS results on the oxygen K-edge are strongly dependent on oxygen content, most noticeably when the c-axis is parallel to the electron beam. PMID- 3246620 TI - Preliminary study of electron-energy-loss spectra of YBa2Cu3O7-delta. AB - We have obtained the electron-energy-loss spectra below 1,000 eV for YBa2Cu3O7 delta. The spectra show contributions from all elemental constituents, although the Y-signal is very weak owing to its small concentration. The low-loss region and the Ba-core losses are very similar to those obtained for BaO. The Cu absorption is similar to that seen in CuO with minor differences relating to Cu concentration and anisotropy. The oxygen 1s absorption has a shape that is quite different from that obtained in CuO and shows striking orientational anisotropy. Radiation damage in the microscope is a problem and leads to changes in the shape of the oxygen edge. PMID- 3246621 TI - Electron microscopy study of twin behavior in GdBa2Cu3Ox and YBa2Cu3Ox. AB - Twins are ubiquitous in the perovskite superconductors. They form during cooling from high temperatures through the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transformation. Their behavior has been studied by transmission electron microscopy using a liquid-nitrogen-cooled specimen holder. It is observed that extra twins sometimes form in coarse-twinned regions to give a "refined" twin structure; this is thought to be induced by thermal stresses from the electron beam. Prolonged electron irradiation (with little beam heating) results in transformation to tetragonal with a loss of the twin structure; this is probably due to disordering of the oxygen sublattice by knock-on displacement. The same transformations can be induced by deliberate electron beam heating. In both cases the twinned orthorhombic structure can be restored by re-ordering of the oxygen ions, in the first case by removing the beam and in the second case by allowing the specimen to cool. PMID- 3246622 TI - Oxygen ordering and twinning in YBa2Cu3O7-x. AB - Direct structure images of the YBa2Cu3O7-x high Tc superconducting ceramic (also called the 1-2-3 compound) at 1.7 A resolution have been obtained for the [100] and [001] orientations. It was found that for the purposes of studying oxygen ordering in this compound it is better to use lattice images of lower resolution. The oxygen ordering was studied via the measurement of the bending of (100) and (110) lattice planes on crossing the (110) twin boundaries in crystals oriented in the [001] zone. Significant variations were found in the b/a ratios, owning to a variation in oxygen ordering, between different crystal grains, and between different regions in the same grain. For the three different 1-2-3 samples studied, the average b/a ratio was 1.016, the same value as was found in neutron diffraction studies. The twin boundaries in the orthorhombic 1-2-3 phase are sharp and planar. It seems likely that the transformation from the high temperature tetragonal phase to the lower-temperature orthorhombic phase is martensitic in nature. A new phase has been discovered on some of the twin boundaries. The new phase can be indexed as tetragonal with a = 7.5 +/- 0.2 A, and c = 6.8 +/- 0.2 A. It is possible that the new phase is stabilized by the stress which occurs at the twin boundaries. PMID- 3246623 TI - Experimental blastomycosis pneumonia in mice by infection with conidia. AB - We describe a murine model of acute blastomycosis pneumonia induced by Blastomyces dermatitidis conidia. Anesthetized mice were infected by placing a droplet containing conidia suspended in sterile saline on the nares and allowing the suspension to be aspirated into the lungs. Conidia were obtained from mycelia derived from the yeast forms of two well characterized strains of B. dermatitidis, ATCC 26199 and 26197. ATCC 26199 yeast and conidia were highly virulent in BALB/cByJ mice whereas both forms of ATCC 26197 were incapable of causing disease in 60 days. Conidia and yeasts of the virulent strain caused pathologic changes primarily in the lungs, whereas no abnormalities were seen in the lungs, or elsewhere, in mice infected with the a virulent strain. Small numbers of ATCC 26199 yeast forms were found in scattered foci in liver and kidneys, but no inflammatory reaction surrounded the fungus. This murine model of acute blastomycosis pneumonia mimics the acute disease in humans and is initiated with the naturally infectious particle. PMID- 3246624 TI - Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Alternaria alternata in a mare. AB - A phaeohyphomycotic infection caused by Alternaria alternata is reported in a 5 month-old Spanish mare. The diagnosis was made by direct microscopic examination and by repeated isolation of the fungus in culture. This is the first documented case to be reported in Spain. PMID- 3246625 TI - Secretion of the 43 kDa glycoprotein antigen by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. AB - Yeast forms of the pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis secrete into the culture supernatant a 43,000 daltons glycoprotein (Gp43) which can be immunoprecipitated specifically by sera from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. We show here that following labelling of P. brasiliensis with (35S)methionine, Gp43 was detected as the major component in the culture supernatant fluid as early as 1 hour after addition of the radiolabel. The amount of Gp43, as determined by a competitive radioimmunoassay, or by staining total protein after sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, progressively increased in the culture supernatant until the culture reached the late exponential phase. It then decreased and continued to do so in the stationary phase. These results indicate that Gp43 is continuously produced and secreted in the medium by actively growing yeasts and that cultures in the exponential phase of growth should be used for a maximal yield of this exocellular antigen. PMID- 3246626 TI - Release and rectal absorption of ethosuximide from suppositories in rabbits. PMID- 3246627 TI - Colorimetric determination of aztreonam and conductometric determination of L arginine in injectable form. PMID- 3246628 TI - Alterations in the metabolism of [6-H3] galactose in Chinese hamster ovary cells at 20 degrees C compared to 37 degrees C. PMID- 3246629 TI - Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activities of some 2-benzylbenzimidazole derivatives. PMID- 3246630 TI - Coulometric determination of 6-mercaptopurine. PMID- 3246631 TI - [Nutritional importance and physiopathology of zinc]. PMID- 3246632 TI - [Reactions and interactions of drugs]. PMID- 3246633 TI - Zinc nutriture and cell mediated immunity in institutionalized elderly. PMID- 3246634 TI - The provision of weekend home delivered meals by state and a pilot study indicating the need for weekend home delivered meals. PMID- 3246635 TI - Nutritional management of the elderly trauma patient: a case report. PMID- 3246637 TI - [Virus and deadly disease: human retroviral diseases]. PMID- 3246636 TI - [Studies on the preparation and evaluation of kijitsu, the immature citrus fruits. I. Evaluation of the new drying method]. PMID- 3246638 TI - [Synthesis and antifungal activity of a series of novel 2-propen-1-one]. PMID- 3246639 TI - [Studies on methods for microdetermination of plant constituents by immunoassay. I. Synthesis of four haptens and their application for radioimmunoassay of atropine]. PMID- 3246640 TI - [Studies on hypoglycemic constituents of Japanese tea]. PMID- 3246641 TI - [Development studies of cuticle drugs from natural resources. I. Effects of crude drug extracts on hair growth in mice]. PMID- 3246642 TI - [Preparation and specificity of anti glyco-3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid C 3 bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate antiserum in radioimmunoassay (RIA)]. PMID- 3246643 TI - [Metabolism of trimebutine maleate, a gastrointestinal tract motility regulator in rats and mice: characterization and quantification of metabolites in urine, bile and plasma]. PMID- 3246644 TI - [Study on orally active cephalosporin pro-drug. Synthesis, oral absorption and antibacterial activity of (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl 7-[D-O (aminoacyl)mandelamido]-3-[[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol -2-yl)-thio]methyl]-3 cephem-4-carboxylates]. PMID- 3246646 TI - [Metabolic reduction of acetohexamide in rat liver and kidney]. PMID- 3246645 TI - [Studies on tropolone derivatives having monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity]. PMID- 3246647 TI - [Effect of saikokeishi-to on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in rabbit]. PMID- 3246648 TI - [Stability of flomoxef in aqueous solution and in intravenous admixture of 5% glucose infusion]. PMID- 3246649 TI - [The antitumor activity of platinum complexes of 2-aminoalkylpyridine as carrier ligand against colon 26 carcinoma and their reactivity with plasma protein]. PMID- 3246650 TI - [Synthesis of 1-(dichloro-1,3,5-triazinyl)-2-methylisoindole as a new fluorescent derivatization reagent and its reactivity for estrogens. II. Determination of estriol in pregnancy urine]. PMID- 3246651 TI - [Interaction between oleic acid and human antithrombin III]. PMID- 3246652 TI - [Effect of various kinds of fatty acids on the human antithrombin III activity]. PMID- 3246653 TI - [Effect of crude drugs and their prescriptions on the blood rheology affected by glucocorticoid treatment. V. Comparison of sho-saiko-to, dai-saiko-to, san-oh shashin-to and clofibric acid in betamethasone treated rat]. PMID- 3246654 TI - [Studies of aloe. II. Mechanism of cathartic effect]. PMID- 3246655 TI - Interdigital erythrasma. Part II: An incidence study. PMID- 3246656 TI - Podiatric implications of Darier's disease. PMID- 3246657 TI - Podiatric implications of lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3246658 TI - Acral lentiginous melanoma. Pedal lesions in the black population. PMID- 3246659 TI - Bourneville's disease. A review and case report of tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 3246660 TI - Digital arterial embolism-true blue toe syndrome. A histopathologic analysis. PMID- 3246661 TI - Tophaceous gout involving the fourth toes bilaterally. PMID- 3246663 TI - Pedal burn contractures. PMID- 3246662 TI - Use of kinetic support phase parameters in the prediction of knee joint movement. PMID- 3246664 TI - Tendon transfer to augment the weakened tibialis posterior mechanism. PMID- 3246665 TI - Two Reverdin-Laird osteotomy modifications for correction of hallux abducto valgus. PMID- 3246666 TI - Atypical traumatic arthropathy of the hallux interphalangeal joint. PMID- 3246667 TI - Restless legs syndrome. An update and case report. PMID- 3246668 TI - Brachymetatarsia. A unique surgical approach. PMID- 3246669 TI - Haglund's deformity in long distance runners. Nine surgical cases. PMID- 3246670 TI - Non-prescription custom insoles for ski boots. PMID- 3246671 TI - [Determination of age- and exercise-dependent changes in myoglobin contents in murine skeletal and cardiac muscles]. AB - A new method was developed to determine myoglobin (Mb) contents in as least as 5 mg of murine skeletal muscles. The method was a modification of Reynafarje's spectroscopic technique and was based on the Soret absorptions at 416 and 422 nm of the muscle extract. Mb contents in the skeletal and cardiac muscles increased with age and were widely different from muscle to muscle. The contents in most of the 13 muscles examined at the 30th week of age were less than 1.5 mg/g wet muscle, but the cardiac, soleus and gracilis muscles showed exceptionally high values of 2.2-6.0 mg/g. The relative content of one muscle to the other was the same independent of differences in age, strain and sex. There was a positive correlation between the muscle Mb contents and citrate synthase activity (r = 0.930). Young male mice (5 wk-old) were endurance-trained by a gradual load increment program on treadmill for 10 weeks (5 days/week), but the training had no effects on the Mb contents. No substantial alteration of the contents was also observed in the limbs immobilized by plaster-fixation for 4 weeks. PMID- 3246672 TI - Protein kinase C activity in normal and neoplastic squamous epithelia from the upper aero-digestive tract. AB - In the present study the protein kinase activity was determined in surgical specimens of squamous cell carcinoma from the upper aero-digestive tract, and the activity was compared with the activity in normal mucosa obtained from the same location in patients undergoing surgery for non-neoplastic diseases. The basal protein kinase activity in the soluble fraction was about 15-fold higher in tumors as compared to in normal mucosa. The difference between protein kinase activity in the presence of Ca2+ and presence/absence of phosphatidylserine/diolein was taken as the activity of protein kinase C. Protein kinase C activity in the presence of 0.5 mM Ca2+ was 10.0 +/- 2.1 pmol 32P/mg prot. x min in tumors (n = 19) and 2.4 +/- 0.7 pmol 32P/mg prot. x min. in normal mucosa (n = 6). A similar difference was obtained with 1 mM Ca2+. An even greater difference in protein kinase C activity was seen when the soluble enzyme had been partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DE-52 columns. In this case a 7-fold higher protein kinase activity was found in tumors as compared to in normal mucosa. In the particulate fraction the basal protein kinase activity was about 3-fold higher in tumors as compared to in normal mucosa. Protein kinase C activity in the particulate fraction, defined as described above, was 10.7 +/- 4.1 pmol 32P/mg prot. x min in tumors and 6.1 +/- 4.4 pmol 32P/mg prot. x min in normal mucosa. These results show a significantly higher activity in both total protein kinase activity and protein kinase C activity in epithelial tumors from the upper aero-digestive tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246673 TI - Characterization of two casein kinase activities in the fungus Mucor rouxii. AB - Two cyclic-nucleotide independent soluble casein kinase activities (CK I and CK II) from the fungus Mucor rouxii have been isolated, characterized and found to fit in the general classification of type 1 (CK I) and 2 (CK II) casein kinases, according to their enzymatic and structural properties. Both enzymes phosphorylate acidic substrates, require Mg2+ and have a chromatographic behaviour on DEAE-Sepharose and phosphocellulose similar to their mammalian counterparts. CK I has a sedimentation coefficient of 3.5 S, uses ATP as a phosphate donor (Km = 40 microM), phosphorylates casein mainly on serine residues, its activity is strongly inhibited by KCl and polyamines. CK II has a sedimentation coefficient of 7.4 S, uses ATP and GTP as phosphate donors (Km ATP = 10 microM; Km GTP = 40 microM), phosphorylates casein in serine and threonine, its activity is stimulated by KCl and by polyamines and is inhibited by heparin (I50 = 0.5 micrograms/ml). Casein kinase activity associated to particulate fraction (40% of total) has been partially characterized and shown to be similar to the soluble CK I activity. PMID- 3246675 TI - Tumor induction in B6C3F1 mice by Californium-252. PMID- 3246676 TI - A comparison between in-situ and sampling methods for the determination of radionuclides in soil. PMID- 3246674 TI - Radioprotective effects of adrenochrome monoaminoguanidine methanesulfonate (AMM) on irradiated C57BL mice and the survival of GM-CFC, a hematopoietic progenitor cell. PMID- 3246677 TI - The effects of tritiated water on the bone marrow cells in mice. PMID- 3246678 TI - Measurements of neutron fluence from the Hiroshima atomic bomb. PMID- 3246679 TI - [The labrum acetabular. Apropos of 121 arthrographies of the hip in adults]. AB - The authors report a retrospective study of 121 arthrographies of the hip in adults, excluding prostheses. The study was based on normal pathological values for angular measurement of the labrum acetabular: ECB angle (mean value: 15 degrees) enlarging the lateral cover of the head of the femur, VCE angle (mean value: 30 degrees) and a mean global VCB angle of 45 degrees. A certain equilibrium was observed between the covering capacity of the acetabulum and the covering capacity of the labrum acetabular. Numerous anomalies of the labrum were observed, including fissures in about 30% of cases. A large number of fissures were associated with other degenerative anomalies of the hip joint. A few fissures resulting in detachment of a strip of labrum were isolated and the possibility of their traumatic etiology and their pathogenic nature in clinical symptoms are discussed. PMID- 3246680 TI - [Role of MRI in the study of the Achilles tendon and patellar tendon]. AB - The possibilities of MRI and radiography with mammogram to diagnose mechanical tendinitis have been prospectively evaluated in thirty sportsmen. Sixteen had Achilles tendon lesion, fourteen had patellar ligament lesion. Each patient included in the study was programmed for radiography with mammogram and MRI of the pathologic tendon and the controlateral tendon. These examinations were separately interpreted by two reviewers who had no knowledge of pain location. The number of tendinitis diagnosis based on X-ray and MRI was approximatively the same. But the microtearings were more often diagnosed on MRI data than on X-ray data (10/1). Eight patients underwent an operation. The surgery findings always confirmed the MRI diagnoses. MRI seems to be the examination of choice to evaluate the tendon injuries and particularly microtearings before surgery. PMID- 3246681 TI - [Contribution of gadolinium DOTA in primary tumors of bone and soft tissue]. AB - 20 patients with a primary musculo skeletal tumor were investigated by MRI to assess the efficacy of Gd DOTA. The essential contribution is that it distinguishes the active parts of the lesion, intratumoral necrosis or sequelae cavities that do not take up the contrast medium. The injection does not allow for differentiation between tumor recurrence and treatment-induced inflammatory abnormality. PMID- 3246682 TI - [MRI of aortic arch anomalies in children. Initial results]. AB - A prospective study by nuclear magnetic resonance in 7 infants with respiratory disorders and with a barium swallow suggestive of anomalies of the aortic arch was conducted. It allowed the definition of an investigation protocol including sedation, RF coil adapted to infants size, naso-gastric tube placement, thin MR sections. Sequences are T1 weighted with ECG gating in two perpendicular frontal oblique and transverse oblique planes determined on a scout sagittal MR acquisition. Precise determination of the anatomy of the vascular malformation and its relationship with the trachea and esophagus were obtained. After definition of the investigation protocol, MRI was found to be a very effective evaluation technique for aortic arch anomalies. It can be proposed as an alternative to preoperative digital angiography. Its indications remain to be defined in relation to the clinical features and the results of the chest X-ray and barium swallow. PMID- 3246683 TI - [X-ray computed tomographic evaluation of the anterior ethmoid by parallel and perpendicular sections to the axis of nasofrontal duct. Preliminary study]. AB - The anterior ethmoid is revisited with CT sections parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the naso-frontal duct. The sections obtained in these 2 planes allow a more precise topographic study of the anterior ethmoid than the routinely used axial and coronal CT slices. For the surgeon these sections provide an optimal preoperative study of the anterior ethmoid allowing the most conservative endoscopic surgical treatment. PMID- 3246684 TI - The influence of antibody sensitization on target cell selection in monocyte mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - The role of sensitizing antibody in monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been investigated using human erythrocyte target cells and hyperimmune anti-A and anti-B antisera. The influence of sensitizing antibody concentration on target cell selection by effector monocytes was measured using a cold target competition assay. It was observed that even when red cells were saturated with sensitizing antibody with respect to lytic susceptibility further increases in the density of membrane bound IgG continued to influence their capacity to inhibit lysis in cold target competition assays. It is suggested that although a critical level of sensitization is required for the initiation of lysis, the avidity of interaction between monocyte and target erythrocytes is significantly influenced by further increases in the availability of target-bound antibody. PMID- 3246685 TI - Persistence of heart reactive antibodies (HRA) in acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients. AB - Heart Reactive Antibodies (HRA) of IgG and IgM classes were investigated in 79 patients in four clinically classified groups. Group I comprised of 16 children with Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) and Group II consisted of 15 cases with active Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD). Twenty seven cases of ARF and RHD in remission and 21 adults with quiescent RHD were included in Groups III and IV respectively. Control groups comprised of 14 normal, healthy, donors and eight Post Streptococcal Acute Glomerular Nephritis (PSAGN) cases. Low levels of HRA of IgG and IgM classes were detected in control groups. The overall incidence of HRA of IgG and IgM classes was 82.28 and 39.24% respectively in the patient group. An increased frequency of HRA-IgM antibodies was observed in Groups I, III and IV (p less than 0.01, 0.001 and 0.025 respectively). All the four groups demonstrated a highly significant increase in incidence of HRA--IgG class (p less than 0.0005). Persistence of high titres of HRA-IgG class in ARF and RHD is reported in the paper. PMID- 3246686 TI - Natural, lectin- and phorbol ester-induced cellular cytotoxicity in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. AB - Cellular cytotoxicity of peripheral blood cells was studied in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and healthy controls. The spontaneous cytotoxicity or natural killer (NK) cell activity, evaluated against the erythroleukemia K-562 and the colon cancer CaCo-2 and HT-29 cell lines, of total mononuclear cells and enriched lymphocytes was depressed in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients compared to the controls. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) increased the cytotoxicity in the patients, to a similar maximal level as the stimulated controls. In contrast, the phorbol ester, phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA), enhanced the cytotoxicity in patients and in controls, but in the patients not to the levels of the controls. No cytotoxicity was observed in the monocyte enriched fraction both in patients and controls using the same assay system. A similar small but significant stimulation of monocyte cytotoxicity was obtained by PHA and PMA in patients and in controls. In conclusion, inflammatory bowel disease is associated with a depressed NK cell activity in peripheral blood which is not target specific. PHA but not PMA could restore the deficient NK cell activity. Monocytes seem not to be involved in the decreased NK cell activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 3246687 TI - Plasma exchange in dermatomyositis/polymyositis: beneficial effects in three cases. AB - We describe ameliorative effects of plasmapheresis in three patients with dermatomyositis-polymyositis resistant to other therapy, particularly prednisolone. Serologically, the cases were marked, respectively, by a weakly reactive speckled-type ANA; a strongly reactive speckled-type ANA and an unidentifiable precipitin line by CIEP; and an antibody to cytoplasm and to Jo1. The remission induced by plasmapheresis was temporary in one case and lasting, with low doses of prednisolone, in two. The nuclear autoantibody in case two became undemonstrable after plasmapheresis but recurred during a subsequent relapse. This experience with plasmapheresis in myositis supplements a substantial reported experience of benefit from this therapy. PMID- 3246688 TI - Detection of smooth muscle antibodies in patients with cryptosporidiosis. PMID- 3246689 TI - The Third International Conference on Scanning Tunnelling Electron Microscopy. Oxford, July 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3246690 TI - Adsorbate deformation as a contrast mechanism in STM images of biopolymers in an aqueous environment: images of the unstained, hydrated DNA double helix. AB - A stable residual aggregate remains on a submerged gold surface after electrophoretic deposition of DNA. We present scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) images of these aggregates which show many objects with the geometry of DNA, clearly displaying the 3.4 nm helix pitch. These images are quite distinctive, and cannot be generated when the deposition technique is used without DNA in the buffer solution. A characteristic of these images is that the tip is observed to dip down over the DNA molecule at the same time as the apparent barrier height drops by a factor of about four. The tip displacement is accounted for by a model in which contrast is dominated by local fluctuations in the deformability of the adsorbate layer, a quantity deduced from measurements of the apparent barrier heights in air, water, over small molecule adsorbates, and over DNA. PMID- 3246691 TI - A small scanning tunnelling microscope with large scan range for biological studies. AB - We have developed a scanning tunnelling microscope specially designed for biological application presenting some new features: the scanner tube is mounted parallel to the surface of the sample which enables a high resolution optical microscope to be brought close to the sample when working in air or liquids. The maximum scan range is 5x20 microm with a vertical range of 20 microm and the total size of the system does not exceed 10x40 mm. The piezo-sensitivity of the scanner tube versus applied voltage was analysed by interferometry measurements and by using scanning tunnelling microscopes. We found a value for the piezoelectric constant d13 of -1.71 A/V at low voltages (under a few volts) going up to -2 A/V for higher voltages. Large-scale images of a carbon grid showed a surprisingly good linearity of the scanner tube. PMID- 3246692 TI - The somatosensory evoked potential predicts neurologic deficits and serotonergic pathochemistry after spinal distraction injury in experimental scoliosis. AB - The validity of the somatosensory evoked potential as an intraoperative spinal cord monitor was evaluated in an experimental model of scoliosis in the rat and a Harrington distraction model of injury. Under these conditions, it was found that any change in latency or amplitude of the major negative wave above a certain level was a significant predictor of an adverse neurologic outcome. Changes in latency of 4% or greater and changes in amplitude of 50% or greater were unequivocal indicators of spinal cord injury. Postmortem analyses of the spinal neurotransmitter serotonin revealed that apparent false-positive results of the SEP were, in fact, true-positive results. PMID- 3246693 TI - Interaction of contact velocity and cord compression in determining the severity of spinal cord injury. AB - Rate, depth, and duration of compression are the principal determinants of experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) severity. Since existing models do not allow independent control of these variables, the interaction of these factors has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to define the interactive relation of velocity (V) and compression (C) in SCI using a constrained stroke pneumatic impactor that allowed independent control of these variables. Computer simulation of previous weight-drop experiments using a lumped mass model were compared with this series of impacts. After rigid stabilization of adjacent cervical vertebrae, the spinal cord (SC) in 48 male ferrets was compressed through the C6-C7 interspace. Maximum compression was 25%, 35%, 50%, or 65% of the SC diameter. Impacts were delivered at five velocities from 1.5 m/s to 6 m/s. Severity of injury was determined by pre and postinjury measurement of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and blinded quantitation of histopathologic findings. Twenty-three of 48 animals (48%) had measurable SEP at 4 hs. No animal recovered SEP at 65% compression at any velocity, or at a velocity of 6 m/s for any level of compression. Recovery of SEP and histologic severity score correlated better with velocity-compression product, or maximum viscous response (VC) than with either V or C alone. The mean histologic severity score was higher in animals exhibiting no recovery of SEP. Modeling the viscoelastic elements of the SC using existing force-time and force-deflection data suggests that estimates of compression from current weight-drop techniques may be inaccurate. At low contact velocity, functional and anatomic damage is best predicted by maximum SC compression. However, as velocity increases, SCI severity becomes a function of the viscous response (VC), demonstrating the rate sensitivity of spinal cord tissue. Tolerance to SC compression decreases as the rate of deformation increases. This helps to explain apparent discrepancies between compression and severity of experimental SCI. PMID- 3246694 TI - Mechanisms of cellular injury and death. PMID- 3246695 TI - Secondary CNS injury. PMID- 3246696 TI - Cellular and molecular recovery responses. PMID- 3246697 TI - Strategies to increase nerve cell survival and enhance recovery after injury. PMID- 3246698 TI - Regeneration and grafting. PMID- 3246699 TI - The need for victimization screening in a poor outpatient medical population. AB - Recent reports indicate that violence toward others is a major public health problem in the black community; however, there are few empirical studies that delineate the severity of the problem. The authors have compiled the results of a victimization screening form obtained from a poor outpatient medical population. These results are compared with a similar survey performed on a poor outpatient psychiatric population. Recommendations are made that poor medical populations should be screened for histories of victimization, because early identification of patients at risk may reduce their chances of future victimization. PMID- 3246700 TI - Comprehensive family practice clerkship in a minority institution. AB - A comprehensive family practice clerkship program at Howard University College of Medicine has been conducted since 1970. This institution is one of three predominantly black institutions offering a family practice program. The senior clerkship is mandatory and at least 20 to 25 percent of each class elect to participate in a four-to six- week family practice preceptorship. As a result of the clerkship's success, over 50 percent of the program's graduates actively practice in primary medical manpower shortage or medically underserved areas. PMID- 3246701 TI - The application of preoperative radiation therapy for unresectable malignancies. AB - Preoperative radiation therapy is one of the major indications for the use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of malignant disease. The preoperative application of radiation treatment is given with the intention of reducing the size of bulky cancers, thus converting unresectable tumors into resectable ones. Other benefits are reduction in the risk of locoregional recurrence and in the risk of blood-borne dissemination of malignant cells promoted during surgical resection.This paper presents and discusses three cases of unresectable intrapelvic tumors initially treated by radiation therapy with the primary goal of palliation. These three cases included rectal, cecal, and uterine carcinoma. In each case, a preoperative radiation dose of 4500 to 5000 cGy was delivered. Evaluations during and after the completion of the radiation treatments revealed that the tumor responded remarkably well to the treatment, which encouraged the surgical intervention; at surgery, minimal tumor was found. These three patients are alive to date without apparent evidence of disease. PMID- 3246702 TI - Suicide attempters in New Haven: a ten-year perspective. AB - A retrospective, descriptive study of 294 suicide attempters evaluated by a general hospital's psychiatric service was completed by chart review. The 1980 sample differed from prior studies of this setting. Seventy-one percent of attempters had a prior psychiatric history, 31 percent were psychotic, and 25 percent had a diagnosis of substance abuse (combining alcohol and drug abuse). Overdose remained the predominant method of attempt, with a significant increase (P < .001) in the use of psychoactive medication. The ratio of the rates of male to female suicide attempters had increased to .8191. The crude suicide attempt rate for the New Haven Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) had declined to 191.32/100,000. PMID- 3246703 TI - Skin preparation in the surgical patient. AB - A historical review of skin antisepsis is given. Current practices, rationales for skin antisepsis as a segment of total wound care, and bacteriological factors are discussed. The results of a telephone survey of current practices of 16 medical centers around the country are presented. Discussion and conclusions relative to survey results and skin care agents are given. Characteristics of an ideal skin preparation yet to be obtained and some common myths relating to this subject are discussed. PMID- 3246705 TI - Sex therapy, intimacy, and the role of the black physician in the AIDS era. PMID- 3246704 TI - Intravascular volume expansion and fetal outcome in pregnant Nigerians with hemoglobin SS and SC. AB - In a comparative study of physiological changes in pregnant Nigerians, plasma volume measurements were performed in 75 healthy Nigerian women. They comprised 40 women with hemoglobin genotype AA (20 pregnant and 20 nonpregnant) and 35 women with hemoglobin genotype SS or SC (15 pregnant and 20 nonpregnant). Plasma volume was determined in the left lateral position using the Evans blue dye dilution technique (described by Dacie and Lewis) in the nonpregnant, at 16 and 36 weeks of gestation, and at 8 weeks postpartum.The mean plasma volume of 2044 +/- 77.4 mL (SEM) in normal nonpregnant women with Hb AA was not significantly different from the mean plasma volume of 1931 +/- 115 mL (SEM) found in nonpregnant sicklers. At 16 weeks' gestation there was no significant difference in the mean plasma volume of 2712 +/- 209.8 mL (SEM) in pregnant women with HB AA and 2948 +/- 165.8 mL (SEM) in pregnant sicklers. However, at 36 weeks the mean plasma volume of 3440 +/- 223.7 mL (SEM) (68 percent increase compared with nonpregnant) in pregnant women with Hb AA was significantly higher (P < .02) than the mean plasma volume of 2312 +/- 214.8 mL (SEM) (17 percent increase compared with nonpregnant) in sicklers.The mean birthweight of 3.17 +/- 0.08 kg (SEM) in women with Hb AA was higher (P < .01) than that of 2.58 +/- 0.15 kg (SEM) in sicklers. The perinatal mortality in sicklers was 133/thousand total births, while there was no fetal loss in the control. These data suggest a decrease or lack of intravascular volume expansion and evidence of uteroplacental insufficiency in sicklers. PMID- 3246706 TI - Pelvic fused kidneys: magnetic resonance imaging and intravenous pyelogram correlation. AB - This is a case presentation of pelvic fused kidneys as demonstrated by intravenous pyelogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The authors wish to stress the importance of anatomical imaging with MRI in the coronal plane. No reconstruction is required as with computerized tomography. PMID- 3246707 TI - Pelvic endometriosis presenting as a Supralevator abscess. AB - A 32-year-old woman presented with sepsis nine days after a transrectal incision and drainage of a recurrent supralevator abscess. The findings included a large mass arising from the pelvis containing multiple, leaking, and infected endometrial cysts. After a supracervical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo oophorectomy, sigmoid loop colostomy, appendectomy, and extensive irrigation and debridement, her condition improved with no recurrence at two-year follow-up. This case illustrates the varied presentations of endometriosis, the importance of identifying the source of a perirectal or perianal abscess, and that when a supralevator abscess develops from an intraabdominal process, the process must be addressed to prevent recurrence, fistulization, or other complications. PMID- 3246708 TI - [Molecular weight determination of lipopolysaccharides from rough-type gram negative bacteria by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. PMID- 3246709 TI - [Analysis for bacterial spore-specific dipicolinic acid by high-pressure liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3246710 TI - [Studies on heterogenous expression of cell surface antigens in childhood acute leukemia]. PMID- 3246711 TI - [Evaluation of 28 cases of localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--clinicopathologic features and the response to treatment]. PMID- 3246712 TI - [The difference of serum isoferritin patterns in leukemia and iron overload]. PMID- 3246713 TI - [Arthritis in a case of myelodysplastic syndromes]. PMID- 3246714 TI - [Successful treatment of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) with N4 palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (PLAC)]. PMID- 3246715 TI - [Dissociation between the effect on myeloblastoma and the hematologic effect of Ara-C therapy: report of an autopsied myeloblastic leukemia case with around five year course]. PMID- 3246716 TI - [Adult T-cell leukemia with brain mass complicated with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH]. PMID- 3246717 TI - [Chronic myelogenous leukemia in child: association with t(1;3) (p36;q21)]. PMID- 3246718 TI - [Aggressive large granular lymphocyte leukemia with E+, CD2+, CD3-, CD8-, CD16-, OKM1-, OKT10+, OKIa-1+ and Leu7- surface phenotype]. PMID- 3246719 TI - [Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia developing promyelocytic acute crisis with addition of isochromosome (17q), report of two cases]. PMID- 3246721 TI - [Philadelphia chromosome positive acute myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3246720 TI - [Acute lymphocytic leukemia in an adult presenting with bone marrow necrosis]. PMID- 3246722 TI - [The fifth case of high molecular weight kininogen deficiency in Japan]. PMID- 3246723 TI - [Acute myeloid leukemia six years after chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3246724 TI - [Acute thrombocytopenic purpura in a case of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]. PMID- 3246725 TI - [An approach of aging research from the field of biochemistry]. PMID- 3246726 TI - [Renal function in the elderly]. PMID- 3246727 TI - [Aging and cardiac function]. PMID- 3246728 TI - [The effects of aging on clinical neurophysiology]. PMID- 3246729 TI - [Effect of aging on the levels of serum lipids]. PMID- 3246730 TI - [Fundamental studies and the reference values of cancer associated antigen TAG-72 (CA72-4)]. PMID- 3246731 TI - [Studies on heterogeneity of anti-TSH receptor antibodies: relation of blocking type anti-TSH receptor antibody and stimulating type antibody]. PMID- 3246732 TI - [Study on fluctuations of serum lipids in patients with diabetes mellitus. With special reference to effects of control level and therapy]. PMID- 3246733 TI - [Whole-blood and plasma viscosity in two cases of mixed connective tissue disease with Raynaud's phenomenon and cold agglutinemia]. PMID- 3246734 TI - [A method to estimate normal ranges using variations of laboratory data]. PMID- 3246735 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of pancreas cancers from 64 resected cases]. PMID- 3246736 TI - [Live cell count using a automated microfluorometer]. PMID- 3246737 TI - [Two cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with translocation 1;19]. PMID- 3246738 TI - [Studies on 7 patients with giardiasis]. PMID- 3246739 TI - [Posttransfusion hepatitis B]. PMID- 3246740 TI - [Infection with HIV and transfusion-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. PMID- 3246741 TI - [Deficiency of creatine kinase MM fraction]. PMID- 3246743 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of bile duct cancer from 52 resected cases]. PMID- 3246742 TI - [Studies on serum lipids in obese children. I. Changes in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein-cholesterols and apoproteins]. PMID- 3246744 TI - [Studies on serum digoxin levels under administration of the Kyushin]. PMID- 3246745 TI - [A statistical method for method-comparison studies--linear structural relationship considering measurement errors]. PMID- 3246746 TI - [The relationship between Korotkoff and oscillometric method in the newly developed lightweight ambulatory blood pressure recording device (ABPM-630)]. PMID- 3246747 TI - A membranous drainage implant in glaucoma filtering surgery: animal trial. PMID- 3246748 TI - Experimental strabismus surgery using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl). PMID- 3246750 TI - The significance of tear film break-up time in the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome. PMID- 3246749 TI - Binocular luminance summation (BLS) in esotropic and exotropic kittens. PMID- 3246751 TI - Clinical experience of hydrogel soft intraocular lenses. PMID- 3246752 TI - Inferior oblique overaction. PMID- 3246753 TI - Large recession of one lateral rectus muscle. PMID- 3246754 TI - Frontalis suspension in congenital ptosis using Lyodura. PMID- 3246755 TI - Surgical treatment of essential blepharospasm. PMID- 3246756 TI - [Quantitative analysis of morphological parameters in the cirrhotic liver using automatic image analyzer--the correlation with liver function and Miyake's classification]. PMID- 3246757 TI - [An esophageal carcinoma presenting with extensive submucosal extension of a varicoid pattern and hypercalcemia. Report of a case]. PMID- 3246758 TI - [A case of lymphangioma of the transverse colon with intussusception]. PMID- 3246759 TI - [A case of early syphilitic hepatitis]. PMID- 3246760 TI - [A case of porcelain gall bladder with carcinoma diagnosed following ten year clinical course of cholecystitis]. PMID- 3246761 TI - [A case of pancreatic pseudocyst intruded into the right lobe of the liver]. PMID- 3246763 TI - [Clinical evaluation of serum type IV collagen peptide on metastatic gastric cancer]. PMID- 3246762 TI - [An autopsy case of calcified squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas with cystic hepatic metastases]. PMID- 3246764 TI - [Eosinophil cationic protein in the inflammatory mucosa in ulcerative colitis--an immunohistochemical study]. PMID- 3246765 TI - [Experimental study on animal model for hepatolithiasis]. PMID- 3246766 TI - [Occurrence of urinary 3 beta,7 alpha- and 3 beta,7 beta-dihydroxy-5-cholenoic acids in cholestasis]. PMID- 3246767 TI - Sudden unexpected death: proof or deduction? PMID- 3246768 TI - [Experimental studies on stress hormones at the time of sudden death (I)- Difference in adrenocortical hormone level between cardiac arrest-preceding type and apnea-preceding type sudden death]. PMID- 3246769 TI - [Detection of ABO blood group of seminal stains mixed with vaginal secretion or blood by a method using NCF coated with anti alpha 2-SGP serum--forensic immunological studies of body fluids and secretions, report XXXVI]. PMID- 3246770 TI - The relative antigenic ratios of the structurally varied blood group A- and B active glycolipids in the human erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 3246771 TI - [The examination about agreement or disagreement among the dental findings--on personal identification]. PMID- 3246772 TI - [Personal identification case by means of panoramic X-ray films]. PMID- 3246773 TI - [Aortic dissection and sudden death--statistical analysis on 1320 cases autopsied at Tokyo-to Medical Examiner Office]. PMID- 3246774 TI - Acute mesenteric ischemia. AB - Acute mesenteric ischemia is becoming an increasing cause of death in old patients with generalized atherosclerosis. Pathogenetically, this condition presents as poor splanchnic perfusion, with or without occlusion of the major visceral vessels. Because the patient manifests such nondescript abdominal pain and the physical examination reveals few abdominal signs, it is therefore extremely difficult to make an accurate diagnosis in the early stage of the disease. Furthermore, laboratory studies and X-ray examinations are usually noncontributory. It is therefore necessary to keep this lesion in mind, whenever examining the old patient with severe unexplained abdominal pain. Selective arteriography is essential for differentiating occlusive ischemia from non occlusive, however, the recent advances in medical imaging and minute flowmetry make it possible to detect intestinal lesions and the state of visceral perfusion, transcutaneously, in the early stage of the disease. Emergency revascularization is mandatory for an occlusive lesion, but it is not indicated in the early stage of non-occlusive disease, and requires support of cardiac failure, hypovolemia, septic shock and lowered splanchnic perfusion. PMID- 3246775 TI - Systemic hemodynamics in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension--a clinical study of 19 patients. AB - The features of systemic hemodynamics were analyzed in 19 non-cirrhotic patients with prominent esophageal varices. The patients were divided into two groups; Group I comprised 8 patients with an occluded extra-hepatic portal vein and Group II comprised 11 patients with a patent extra-hepatic portal vein whose histopathological diagnosis was idiopathic portal hypertension or hepatic fibrosis. An increase in the cardiac index and a decrease in the total peripheral resistance were significant in both groups when compared with 12 control patients (p less than 0.01). There was a significant correlation between the cardiac index and plasma volume in the 14 non-cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension (r = 0.537, p less than 0.05), but no significant relationships were identified between the cardiac index and liver functional values. These results reveal that the systemic hemodynamics in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension are significantly hyperdynamic, as in cirrhotic portal hypertension. They also suggest that the expanded plasma volume secondary to the enlargement of the portal bed might be closely related to the mechanism of hyperdynamic systemic circulation in non cirrhotic portal hypertension. PMID- 3246776 TI - Usefulness of echocardiography in the long-term follow-up study after surgical treatment of annuloaortic ectasia. AB - From July, 1979 to August, 1987, 10 patients at our institution underwent a repair of annuloaortic ectasia (AAE), either with a separate aortic graft and valve or with Bentall's operation. There were no hospital deaths, although there were two late deaths from unrelated accidental causes. In nine of the patients, echocardiograms were recorded to evaluate the postoperative cardiac function and possible complications. M-mode echocardiography facilitated the evaluation of cardiac function, and two-dimensional echocardiography was better suited to studying the postoperative structures. On the other hand, the real time two dimensional Doppler flow mapping ensured the diagnosis of dissecting aneurysms through the blood flow pattern. Although the postoperative hemodynamics improved significantly, pseudoaneurysms between the native aortic wall and the graft were detected in three patients, with compression to the composite conduit in one, and residual distal aortic dissection was noted in another three patients. It was thus concluded that the composite graft replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve in patients with AAE can be accomplished with a low risk, but pseudoaneurysm formation at the coronary ostial or aortic suture line may be observed late after surgery. Regular postoperative follow-up study is therefore of great importance, and echocardiography would be the most pertinent, non invasive method of meeting this purpose. PMID- 3246777 TI - Total thyroparathyroidectomy in patients with thyroid cancers and changes in erythrocytic Mg levels following parathyroautotransplantation. AB - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) rapidly decreases in patients with thyroid cancers, even after autotransplantation following total thyroparathyroidectomy. Simultaneously, serum calcium (Ca) and erythrocytic Ca levels also decrease, and in some cases, tetanic symptoms caused by hypocalcemia may occur. Assuming that magnesium (Mg) might participate in the alteration of Ca and PTH levels, the postoperative changes in intracytoplasmic Mg levels of erythrocyte were determined for several days. In the present paper, red blood cells (RBC) were used as a substitute for general somatic cells and controls were taken from patients with breast cancers. Although the erythrocytic Mg levels of the patients with thyroid cancers showed almost no change until day 7, an apparent decrease was noted in the patients with breast cancers during the period from day 1 to day 7, with a significant difference being seen between the two groups. Assuming that the operative invasions were compatible between these two groups of patients, the difference may be explained by a rapid decrease of postoperative serum PTH in the patients with thyroid cancers. PMID- 3246779 TI - Chest wall resection and reconstruction for locoregionally advanced or recurrent breast cancer. AB - Ten patients, including 7 with local recurrent breast cancer, 2 with primary advanced cancer and 1 with radionecrosis, underwent chest wall resection and immediate reconstruction, using large pedicled skin flaps or musculocutaneous flaps. A rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap was used in 4 cases and a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap was used in 1 case. The postoperative course of all the patients was uneventful and there was no incidence of flail chest or respiratory failure. The postoperative performance status and also the quality of life were improved in 9 of the 10 patients. Eight of the 10 patients are presently alive with or without disease, the longest survival time thus far being 8 years. PMID- 3246778 TI - A comparison of pelvic retroperitoneal pneumography and computed tomography in the assessment of extramural invasion of rectal carcinoma. AB - Pelvic retroperitoneal pneumography (PRP) and pelvic computed tomography (CT) were performed on 33 patients with rectal carcinoma in order to compare the usefulness of the two diagnostic procedures in the preoperative assessment of local malignant extramural invasion. Six PRP-negative patients in whom no free air was visualized in the retroperitoneal space surrounding the mass, were all assessed as having extramural invasion by CT scan and all had histologic evidence of invasion. Of 27 PRP-positive patients in whom free air was seen surrounding the mass, 18 were diagnosed as having extramural invasion on CT, 15 of whom had histologic proof of invasion. In the remaining 9 PRP-positive patients, there was no evidence of extramural invasion on the CT scans, but 5 patients showed evidence of invasion histologically. PRP, when positive, had an unacceptably high rate of being false positive and was therefore unreliable in assessing extramural invasion, whereas CT was able to detect, to some extent, extramural invasion which PRP failed to demonstrate. Based on these findings, we conclude that CT is more useful than PRP in the preoperative assessment of extramural invasion of rectal carcinoma, but is of limited diagnostic value when negative. PMID- 3246781 TI - A case of a rare anomaly of the common bile duct associated with an abnormal arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal union. AB - A 39 year-old Japanese female patient with a duplication of the distal portion of the common bile duct is presented herein. Moreover, an abnormal arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal union, congenital biliary dilatation and carcinoma of the gallbladder were all demonstrated by cholangiographic and endoscopical studies. The patient underwent radical surgery for advanced adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder, and her postoperative course was satisfactory. A reflux of pancreatic juice into the bile duct was demonstrated, but it was eliminated and considered to be a contributory etiologic factor of the gallbladder carcinoma. PMID- 3246780 TI - Apocrine carcinoma of the breast--a case report. AB - A case of apocrine carcinoma of the breast is reported herein. Apocrine carcinoma is a rare tumor characteristically composed of large cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. This case involves a 34-year old woman who underwent a modified radical mastectomy and is now doing well with no evidence of recurrence, 10 months after her surgery. PMID- 3246782 TI - [A case of huge benign localized mesothelioma in which an abnormal shadow had been recognized since 43 years ago]. PMID- 3246783 TI - [A case of intrathoracic omental herniation through the esophageal hiatus]. PMID- 3246785 TI - [Nonthyroidal illness (NTI) associated with respiratory failure]. PMID- 3246784 TI - [A clinical study on squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen in pleural effusion]. PMID- 3246786 TI - [Intra-pleural examinations by the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope]. PMID- 3246787 TI - [Endoscopic studies on the peripheral airway in the presence of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3246788 TI - [Home environmental mycological studies in summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis]. PMID- 3246790 TI - [HLA and sarcoidosis in Japanese]. PMID- 3246789 TI - [Disordered breathing during sleep in active acromegalic patients]. PMID- 3246792 TI - [Regional left ventricular wall motion and function after mitral valve replacement with preservation of the posterior leaflets and subvalvular tissues]. PMID- 3246791 TI - [An autopsy case of pulmonary diffuse alveolar septal amyloidosis secondary to miliary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3246794 TI - [The optimal cryoprobe temperature for the cryosurgical ablation of accessory atrioventricular pathways with an epicardial approach in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 3246793 TI - [Left ventricular function after aortic valve replacement in cases of small aortic annulus]. PMID- 3246795 TI - [Clinical application of percutaneous trans-septal mitral commissurotomy in mitral re-stenosis after closed or open mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 3246796 TI - [Application of the Nd-YAG laser for operation of multiple pulmonary metastases]. PMID- 3246797 TI - [Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis after re-open heart surgery]. PMID- 3246798 TI - [Transposition of the great arteries with interrupted aortic arch: a successful staged correction]. PMID- 3246799 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of membranous septal aneurysms]. PMID- 3246800 TI - [A case of pulmonary rupture successfully treated by operation]. PMID- 3246801 TI - [Successful repair of right atrial rupture due to nonpenetrating trauma of the chest]. PMID- 3246802 TI - [A case of pulmonary blastoma associated with a cystic lesion in adult]. PMID- 3246803 TI - [Successful surgical management of mycotic aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva; a case report]. PMID- 3246804 TI - [Thrombosed SJM--a case report]. PMID- 3246805 TI - [A case report of mitral valve aneurysm detected by transesophageal echocardiography]. PMID- 3246806 TI - [Pyloroplasty and motile functions of the stomach and duodenum]. AB - Mongrel dogs were prepared by attaching 2 and 1 silver needle bipolar electrodes on the gastric antrum and bulbus of the duodenum, respectively. Among the obtained active potential from these dogs at chronic stage, investigations were performed mainly on the discharge frequency of spikes, propagation pattern of electrical excitation, and relationship of the stomach and duodenum. In addition, barium was loaded as the stomach contents and extraction dynamics of the loads were observed radiologically. The following was these investigations concerning about the pyloroplasty and motile functions of the stomach and duodenum. Experimental methods 1) Electromyography and extraction dynamics of stomach contents were observed in no treated control dogs. 2) Heineke-Mikulicz type pyloroplasty, Finney type pyloroplasty, or pylorectomy was performed on the above described control dogs. Electromyographical comparison was made among the types of pyloroplasty. 3) Dogs subjected to selective vagolysis (SV), selective proximal vagotomy (SPV), or gastric transection (Tr) were divided into groups with and without pyloroplasty. Electromyography and extraction dynamics of stomach contents were observed in these groups of animals. Results 1) In the control dogs, the mean discharge frequency of spikes in the gastric antrum at fasting time was 4.86 cycle/minute. The spikes propagated to the pyloric side periodically. The discharge frequency of spikes was reduced by the load of stomach contents which took about 120 minutes to be extracted. 2) When the types of pyloroplasty were compared, smaller electromyographical changes were obtained in dogs subjected to Heineke-Mikulicz type pyloroplasty. 3) Pyloroplasty did not affect the discharge frequency of spikes at fasting time, whereas, high incidences of antiperistaltic propagation pattern of electrdcal excitation were observed in dogs subjected to SPV. 4) When stomach contents were loaded, drainage effects of pyloroplasty were suggested from the discharge frequency of spikes, propagation pattern of electrical excitation, and findings in extraction dynamics of the stomach contents. In the dogs subjected to SPV, pylorplasty induced no significant fluctuations in the discharge frequency of spikes. Dogs subjected to Tr showed no improvement in the frequent antiperistaltic propagation pattern of electrical excitement after the pyloroplasty. 5) By pyloroplasty, the frequency of simultaneous generation of spikes in the gastric antrum and duodenum was decreased in the SV and Tr groups, while it was increased in the SPV group. PMID- 3246807 TI - [Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on the motility of guinea-pig colon in vitro]. AB - The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on longitudinal and circular muscle strips of guinea-pig proximal and distal colons, and on propulsive activity of guinea-pig distal colon were investigated in vitro. VIP (10(-9)-10( 6) M) produced relaxations of longitudinal and circular muscle strips in proximal colon and of circular muscle strip in distal colon, but produced a contraction of longitudinal muscle strip in distal colon. VIP-induced responses of the muscle strips were not influenced by indomethacin (10(-6) M). Tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) and atropine (10(-6) M) converted VIP-induced contraction into relaxation in longitudinal muscle strip of distal colon, although these nerve blockers did not influence VIP-induced relaxations of longitudinal and circular muscle strips in proximal colon and of circular muscle strip in distal colon. VIP (10(-6) M) inhibited spontaneous and carbachol (10(-8) M)-stimulated propulsive activities of the isolated segment in distal colon. These results suggest that VIP may directly relax colonic smooth muscle cells and may indirectly contract longitudinal muscle strip of distal colon, mainly via stimulation of cholinergic neurones in the myenteric plexus of the muscle strip. It is also suggested that VIP-induced watery diarrhea in WDHA syndrome may not due to a direct stimulation of colonic motility. PMID- 3246808 TI - [Diagnosis of anterior perineal anus (APA)--significance of electromyographic evaluation of the external anal sphincter location]. AB - APA is a common cause of constipation, and is the mild case of the imperforated anus. On diagnosing APA, anterior displacement of the anus and normal distribution of the external anal sphincter to the anus are essential. To determine the location of the anus in the perineum simple clinical technique was developed. In 61 normal cases, the result of measurement was almost same in each sex, but in 3 APA cases the location were anteriorly dislocated than normal cases. Distribution of the external anal sphincter was evaluated with electromyographic technique, and location map of the sphincter was made. In 3 APA cases, the anus was totally surrounded by the external anal sphincter, but in 17 ano-cutaneous fistula cases, the opening was anteriorly dislocated to the sphincter distribution map. As a conclusion, newly proposed simple clinical technique to determine anal location and electromyographic examination of the external and sphincter distribution are very useful in objective diagnosis of APA. PMID- 3246809 TI - [An experimental study of the hydronephrotic kidney by resin injection casting in rabbits--morphological study of intrarenal venous system]. PMID- 3246810 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of voiding dysfunction in the elderly on out-clinic basis]. PMID- 3246811 TI - [Features of prostatic adenocarcinoma examined by clinical course. A trial for understanding relation with occult and clinical carcinoma of the prostate]. PMID- 3246812 TI - [Input and output neuronal structures of the pontine micturition center. Part I. Mainly input neuronal structures]. PMID- 3246813 TI - [Input and output neuronal structures of the pontine micturition center. Part II. Mainly output neuronal structures]. PMID- 3246814 TI - [Prognostic evaluation of prostatic cancer by Gleason's histopathologic grading and tissue DHT level]. PMID- 3246815 TI - [Diagnosis of hormone dependency in prostate cancer using monoclonal antibody to human androgen receptor]. PMID- 3246816 TI - [Treatment of testicular tumors at Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine during the past 10 years]. PMID- 3246817 TI - [Renal damage after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy detected by magnetic resonance imaging]. PMID- 3246818 TI - [A study of urinary TPA in bladder cancer]. PMID- 3246819 TI - [The experimental model of congenital urinary tract obstruction]. PMID- 3246820 TI - [Flow cytometric analysis of deparaffinized nuclear DNA content in renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 3246821 TI - [The effects of chemical stimulations of the pontine micturition center in decerebrate cats]. PMID- 3246822 TI - [Study of hyperthermia with simultaneous administration of interferon using established human renal cell carcinoma heterotransplanted in nude mice]. PMID- 3246823 TI - [Management of vesicoureteral reflux in patients with imperforate anus]. PMID- 3246824 TI - [Study of cystic dilatation of the seminal vesicles and its classification]. PMID- 3246825 TI - [Clinical importance of microhematuria as an initial sign of urological neoplasma]. PMID- 3246826 TI - [Comparison of grade of prostate cancer between pretreatment and autopsy]. PMID- 3246827 TI - [The role of flow cytometric DNA analysis of bladder washings in patients with bladder cancers]. PMID- 3246828 TI - [Continent urinary reservoir (CUR) for supravesical diversion--creation of the colonic CUR]. PMID- 3246829 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis in prostatitis]. PMID- 3246830 TI - [Serum levels of IAP, CEA and CA19-9 in patients with urological malignancies]. PMID- 3246831 TI - [Clinical observation of carcinoma of the penis]. PMID- 3246832 TI - Bioavailability of commercial preparations of oxolinic acid administered to chickens under fasting and non-fasting conditions and its relation to their in vitro dissolution rates. PMID- 3246833 TI - Tumourigenesis by partial body X-irradiation in mice. PMID- 3246834 TI - Milbemycin D concentrations in tissues after oral administration in collies, shelties and Japanese mongrel dogs. PMID- 3246835 TI - Plasma milbemycin D concentrations in collies, shelties and Japanese mongrel dogs. PMID- 3246836 TI - Culture conditions and cell morphology of goat milk-derived mammary epithelial cells in plate culture. PMID- 3246837 TI - Relationship between serotypes, dermonecrotic toxin production of Pasteurella multocida isolates and pneumonic lesions of porcine lung. PMID- 3246838 TI - Structural polypeptides of feline parvovirus subspecies viruses. PMID- 3246839 TI - Studies on microvasculature of the large intestine of the chinchilla. PMID- 3246840 TI - The effect of PMSG on ovarian function in ovarian quiescent heifers. PMID- 3246841 TI - Morphology of goat milk-derived mammary epithelial cells cultured in collagen gel. PMID- 3246842 TI - The fine structure of the blood-testis barrier in the boar. PMID- 3246843 TI - Changes in venous size in mouse mammary glands from virgin through pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning. PMID- 3246844 TI - Serotyping of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae isolates from pigs in slaughterhouse. PMID- 3246845 TI - Two cases of acrosome and folded tail abnormality in dog spermatozoa. PMID- 3246846 TI - [Three cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, complained of hoarseness and were diagnosed as being complicated with laryngeal tuberculosis]. PMID- 3246847 TI - [The prospects for Soviet-Bulgarian cooperation in the field of urology]. PMID- 3246848 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of mediastinal caseoma]. PMID- 3246849 TI - [Psychosomatic diseases in urologic practice. Prostatic neurosis]. PMID- 3246850 TI - [Extracorporeal detoxication via plasmapheresis and plasmasorption in the treatment of suppurative-septic urologic diseases and acute kidney failure]. PMID- 3246851 TI - [Surgical interventions in hemophiliac patients]. PMID- 3246852 TI - [Treatment of postoperative ventral hernia]. PMID- 3246853 TI - [Clinical cases considered as the syndrome of acute large intestine pseudo obstruction]. PMID- 3246854 TI - [Risk factors of cancerous degeneration in hemorrhagic ulcerative rectocolitis]. PMID- 3246855 TI - [Intraoperative bacteriologic and histologic diagnosis of calculous pyelonephritis]. PMID- 3246856 TI - [Indications and procedures for the surgical treatment of hydrocele and funiculocele in childhood]. PMID- 3246857 TI - [Intra-arterial chemotherapy of isolated liver metastases of colorectal origin (the principles, types and results)]. PMID- 3246858 TI - [The significance of blood flow for blood clearance during hemodialysis]. PMID- 3246859 TI - [Clinical use of ureteroscopy in treating stones in the ureter]. PMID- 3246860 TI - [Actinomycosis of the liver (a case report)]. PMID- 3246861 TI - [A case of internal incarceration of the small intestine in the incisura of the sigmoid mesocolon]. PMID- 3246862 TI - [Crohn's disease combined with a malignant villous tumor of the rectum and sigmoid]. PMID- 3246863 TI - [The results of using our device for the periodic evacuation of the large intestine after extirpation of the rectum]. PMID- 3246865 TI - [Diagnostic problems and the potential for resolving them via percutaneous antegrade pyelography]. PMID- 3246864 TI - [Diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in breast tumors]. PMID- 3246866 TI - [Internal retinal tamponade using SF6 gas. Preliminary report]. PMID- 3246867 TI - [Analysis of the surgical treatment of retinal detachment caused by dialysis retinae]. PMID- 3246868 TI - [Analysis of the most common etiopathogenetic factors of secondary glaucoma based on the data from the District Glaucoma Outpatient Service Center in Szczecin]. PMID- 3246869 TI - [Visual function and vocational training of persons with congenital glaucoma. I. Clinical evaluation of the changes in the visual system]. PMID- 3246870 TI - [Effect of sodium salt of hyaluronic acid on the healing of the conjunctive after alkali burn. I. The eyeball conjunctiva]. PMID- 3246871 TI - [Effect of sodium salt of hyaluronic acid on the wound healing of the conjunctiva after alkali burn. The eyelid conjunctiva]. PMID- 3246872 TI - [Risk factors in retinal detachment]. PMID- 3246873 TI - [Macular perforations]. PMID- 3246874 TI - [The fellow eye syndrome]. PMID- 3246875 TI - [Analysis of the causes of development of retinal detachment in the aphakic eye]. PMID- 3246876 TI - [Coexistence of retinal detachment and primary open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 3246878 TI - [Remote results of the treatment of retinal detachment in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3246877 TI - [Electrophysiologic studies before and after laser panphotocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy. I. Early results]. PMID- 3246879 TI - [Posterior vitrectomy in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3246880 TI - [Vision disorders and fundus oculi changes as the first symptoms of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in children]. PMID- 3246881 TI - A study on hemorrheology in patients with spleen Qi deficiency. PMID- 3246882 TI - Clinical applications of adjustable magnetic blunt-tip needle. PMID- 3246883 TI - Acceleration of fracture healing by a series of Hu's traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, sanqihuoxuewan, jiegudan and zhuangjinxugudan. PMID- 3246885 TI - Acupuncture treatment of Raynaud's disease--a report of 43 cases. PMID- 3246884 TI - Treatment of hydrarthrosis of the knee with manual manipulation and herbs. PMID- 3246886 TI - Supra-malleolar acupuncture substituting for pethidine in appeasement of renal colic. PMID- 3246887 TI - Observation on the therapeutic effect of 120 cases of hallucination treated with auricular acupuncture. PMID- 3246888 TI - Treatment of 103 cases of periarthritis of the shoulder by acupoint laser irradiation. PMID- 3246889 TI - Heart rate power spectral analysis during homeostatic action of neiguan acupoint- role played by the cardial vagus nerve. PMID- 3246890 TI - Kidney invigorating medicine in the treatment of osteoarthritis: an experimental study. PMID- 3246891 TI - The effect of panax ginseng extract (GS) on insulin and corticosteroid receptors. PMID- 3246892 TI - Yang-type components of the pancreatic acinar cell surface. PMID- 3246893 TI - The stimulative effect of injection epimedium on the growth of chick embryo femur in vitro. PMID- 3246894 TI - Shoulder pain. PMID- 3246895 TI - Meeting of EuroPACS. Picture Archiving and Communication Systems. 25-26 April 1988, Utrecht and Leiden, The Netherlands. Proceedings. PMID- 3246896 TI - Design and implementation of a biomedical image database (BDIM). AB - We developed a biomedical image database (BDIM) which proposes a standardized representation of value arrays such as images and curves, and of their associated parameters, independently of their acquisition mode to make their transmission and processing easier. It includes three kinds of interactions, oriented to the users. The network concept was kept as a constraint to incorporate the BDIM in a distributed structure and we maintained compatibility with the ACR/NEMA communication protocol. The management of arrays and their associated parameters includes two distinct bases of objects, linked together via a gateway. The first one manages arrays according to their storage mode: long term storage on optionally on-line mass storage devices, and, for consultations, partial copies of long term stored arrays on hard disk. The second one manages the associated parameters and the gateway by means of the relational DBMS ORACLE. Parameters are grouped into relations. Some of them are in agreement with groups defined by the ACR/NEMA. The other relations describe objects resulting from processed initial objects. These new objects are not described by the ACR/NEMA but they can be inserted as shadow groups of ACR/NEMA description. The relations describing the storage and their pathname constitute the gateway. ORACLE distributed tools and the two-level storage technique will allow the integration of the BDIM into a distributed structure, Queries and array (alone or in sequences) retrieval module has access to the relations via a level in which a dictionary managed by ORACLE is included. This dictionary translates ACR/NEMA objects into objects that can be handled by the DBMS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246897 TI - The PACS project in the radiology department of the LKH-Graz. AB - The PACS-project of Graz was started two years ago in cooperation with Siemens Erlangen. The system environment consists of three CT-devices (DR2, DR3, DRH) connected to an Ethernet-based LAN (CTnet), which is linked to a second Ethernet via a MicroVAX II. This computer works as a gateway, as an image-converter and as an archive. All CT-images of one device (DRH) are transmitted to the PACS system. The images are organized in patient-oriented folders. The physician is able to make reports about those examinations for which he is responsible. The availability of tools for secondary image processing during the reporting session (windowing, zooming, displaying statistic information, etc.) and further image functions should make the PACS system more convenient for the physician than film based images. After reporting, all scans which are relevant for the diagnosis (according to the physician's opinion) are selected, automatically reorganized in folders and transmitted to the archive. This needs about one to two minutes per examination. Some internal data-structures and further future aspects concerning the improvement of reliability and user acceptance are mentioned. PMID- 3246898 TI - PACS in practice: the status of the PACS project at the St. Radboud University Hospital. Part A: Introduction and the picture system. AB - A so-called bottom-up approach of a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is initiated by existing clinical questions. It is investigated how far existing Data-Acquisition (DA) modalities combined with the existing computer infrastructure of the hospital can provide soil to a, at first local, PACS system. Examples of current research projects in Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) demonstrate how image and raw data processing evolve from applications based on a general matrix manipulation software package to projects within the field of PACS. Starting from the existing facilities a stepwise increase of connections and expansions of required features is going to be brought about by separately considering the picture system, the communication system and the archive system. A three step phasing is proposed: (1) Software linking; (2) Hardware linking: small scale; and (3) Hardware linking: local area network. Examples are given from the first phase, i.e. the development and expansion of software on existing DA-modalities or processing hardware to receive the data on floppy disk, hard disk or tape. Data are converted and transported for further processing: (a) within the department; (b) between hospital departments; and (c) between research centres. With regard to the picture system special attention has to be given to the requirements for digitizing analogue film images and the reading of images from monitor screens instead of films on lightboxes. PMID- 3246899 TI - PACS in practice: the status of the PACS project at the St. Radboud University Hospital. Part B. A digital image archive: information analysis and development. AB - In accordance with the bottom-up approach in the field of the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), a pilot study was performed with regard to the archiving of digital diagnostic images. A prototype has been developed to determine what information has to be stored in the digital archive and what requirements the users have in accessing these data. Firstly an organization analysis of the department of diagnostic radiology with respect to the archiving of images was performed. A variant of the ISAC method was used for this purpose. This resulted in a set of activity diagrams. Thereafter an information analysis was performed according to the Nijssen Informal Analysis Method (NIAM). This resulted in a Conceptual Schema (CS). Two other prototypes of relational Image Database Management Systems (IDBMS) are described and a description of a general modular structure of an IDBMS is given. By means of a Prototype of a Digital Archive (PDA) the department of diagnostic radiology was shown what might be expected from a digital archive and how the information will be presented to the users. PMID- 3246900 TI - EuroPACS: a catalyst for PACS in Europe. AB - The EuroPACS organization and its intended role in PACS development in Europe is briefly described. EuroPACS was initiated at Braunlage FRG, August 1984. Its aim is to stimulate mutual contacts between various groups in Europe being active in the PACS field. Its main activities are: organization of EuroPACS conferences (once or twice per year), publication of a newsletter and organization of special sessions in larger congresses. PMID- 3246901 TI - SPI: a PACS interface specification. AB - In the developing area of Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) standardization is of major importance in guaranteeing compatibility between medical equipment from various manufacturers. The first necessary step was the development of the ACR-NEMA Standard. To implement a full, practical PACS it is necessary to add further specifications to the ACR-NEMA Standard. For this reason Philips and Siemens have developed the SPI (Standard Product Interconnect) specification that addresses PACS-specific issues. The main features of SPI are discussed briefly. PMID- 3246902 TI - Present status of PACS activities in Japan. AB - Three PACS organizations in Japan are: J-PACS, JAMIT-PACS and JRS-PACS. J-PACS committee is composed of representatives of manufacturing companies. Many Japanese companies are actively engaged in developing PACS-related products and services. The annual JAMIT Symposium includes an International PACS day. The JRS PACS Committee is working to bring academics and industry closer together in developing and implementing PACS technology. MIPS has two working groups which started in 1985. The Survey Working Group issued the draft on Survey study of integral technology and present state and trends of existing systems. The Standardization Working Group, which is to complete work in 1989, issued the draft of image data format on the magnetic tape and discussion about the standardization of online digital interface for PACS. The draft of the MIPS Standard was mostly based on ACR/NEMA Standard, but simplified and reduced. However, the number of minimum parameters essential in image transfer were retained. Early experiences with PACS in Tominaga Memorial Hospital, Kyoto University Hospital and Kochi Medical School Hospital was briefly mentioned. Japan is facing a period in the early 1990s in which PACS is to be widely introduced into the university hospitals. PMID- 3246903 TI - Teleradiology at Gunma University Hospital. AB - Using NEC MediFile 1000 and the public telephone system, the Department of Radiology of Gunma University Hospital and Saitama Medical School deliver image diagnosis to fellow clinicians and affiliated hospitals. The system consists of digitizing, filing, processing, retrieving and archiving units for radiographs and documents. Images were digitized by CCD and filed in 2 Gbyte double sided optical disk, which can accommodate 500 sheets of 14 x 17 films on 1500 of the smallest size slats without data compression. Image resolution was evaluated by ROC curve using multiple pulmonary nodules. The time taken for image transfer over 24 km was tested with various film sizes, image varieties and data compression rates. PMID- 3246904 TI - The digital reading room and clinical evaluation project of the Dutch PACS project in the Utrecht University Hospital (AZU). PMID- 3246905 TI - PACS costs: modelling and simulation. AB - The advantages to be expected of full-scale PACS implementation are widely described in the literature. In the decision to introduce such systems, costs will also play an important part. The benefits to be achieved should at least outbalance the costs. In this paper the set-up of a software package for cost assessment is described. The configuration requirements have to be determined based on the workload of the radiology department and a PACS model using results of simulation studies. Of course additional user requirements are important input parameters (e.g. number of workstations, screen resolution, etc.). Data on costs of the various configuration components and the expected future trends in these costs will be used to estimate the costs of a specific PACS configuration as a function of time. Savings to be achieved in the various categories of resources will be input (again with their trends) to lead to an overview of the total savings to be expected. The package will result in a graph of the net annual costs as a function of the timing of PACS introduction. In the package a critique module is foreseen that checks whether the data fed into the system are of reasonable agreement with expert opinions. PMID- 3246906 TI - Development and technology assessment of a comprehensive image management and communication network. PMID- 3246907 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of a PACS subsystem using mammographs. An ROC analysis. AB - The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of digitized mammographs with the original conventional films. The criterion was the detectability of small calcifications in the female breast. Four skilled radiologists read 100 films, conventional as well as digitized. The results were analysed using ROC methodology, and showed much lower diagnostic accuracy of digitized images (average AUC 0.67) compared to conventional films (average AUC 0.89). One of the problems with digitized images was to recognize and ignore film artifacts, which were hard to discriminate from small calcifications. The experiment was prepared, carried out and analysed with the FEASIBLE software package. PMID- 3246908 TI - Background of the demonstrated IMAGIS activities and future expectations. AB - In The Netherlands a national PACS development programme has been started, supported by the Dutch Society of Radiology and funded by the Dutch Department of Health because of the national character of the project. Three main partners are cooperating in this development: the Utrecht University Hospital (AZU), BAZIS and Philips International (Product Division Medical Systems), with the Delft University of Technology as the main BAZIS subcontractor. The non-profit foundation BAZIS, developing and supporting the ZIS Hospital Information System (in use in some 30 Dutch hospitals, over 15,000 acute beds), initiated its current IMAGe Information System (IMAGIS) projects in 1984. The activities were later integrated into the Dutch PACS project started in 1986. The final goal of the project is to achieve a PACS which is fully integrated with already existing hospital information systems (HIS). The development and operation of a HIS-PACS include many aspects of technical and clinical. The current efforts of BAZIS are concentrated on three main issues: diagnostic image quality evaluation (e.g. effects of data compression); modelling, software simulation and technology assessment of a prototype PACS (both general and detailed aspects); and coupling and integration of PACS and HIS (e.g. the BAZIS ZIS). Philips, Hamburg, is supplying equipment, particularly prototype components. A systematic clinical evaluation will take place at the Utrecht University Hospital.2+ We outline the background of the intermediate results as demonstrated during the 6th EuroPACS Conference:the psychophysical software package for Feature Evaluation And System Inspection By Logged Experiments (FEASIBLE); the modelling and simulation software package for Medical Image Representation, Archiving and Communication, Learned by Extensive Simulation (MIRACLES); and first results of the coupling experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3246909 TI - FEASIBLE (I): The PC software package for feature evaluation and system inspection by logged experiments. AB - FEASIBLE is an MS-DOS software package which can be used for the evaluation of: Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) components; diagnostic image quality; and image manipulation and representation techniques. The FEASIBLE software allows the user to design any psychophysical study in detail in the fields mentioned above, to execute an arbitrary number of sessions and to statistically analyse the results by way of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) technique. FEASIBLE consists basically of three modules: DESIGN, which allows the user to set up an experiment; EXECUTION, which allows the user to execute the experimental sessions based on the design entered in the DESIGN module and stored in the program's database; and, STATISTICS, which allows various statistical analyses on the data collected during the psychophysical sessions (including the calculation of ROC curves and related parameters) and can provide a graphical presentation of the results. FEASIBLE has been designed to support experts and those who have little knowledge of psychophysical experiments. This paper discusses the background, structure and possibilities of the FEASIBLE package at this point (version 1.2, May 1988). PMID- 3246910 TI - FEASIBLE (II): Its use in an actual PACS evaluation study. AB - The software package FEASIBLE is a tool for carrying out observer performance studies. The structure, background and possibilities of the program are described in paper I of this series. Observer performance studies can be used to evaluate the diagnostic quality of Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) components. This paper summarizes the general features of such an evaluation. It states the specific characteristics of a diagnostic evaluation of a prototype PACS. The examples of the use of FEASIBLE presented here originate from the study that has recently been conducted within the Dutch PACS project, a cooperation between the BAZIS project IMAGIS (IMAGe Information System), the Utrecht University Hospital and Philips Medical Systems. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates how FEASIBLE is used to carry out an observer performance study. It is shown step-by-step how experiments on the evaluation of PACS components can be executed in an easy, reliable and quick way, by means of the FEASIBLE package. PMID- 3246911 TI - Prediction and analysis of PACS performance with the simulation tool MIRACLES. AB - Since the construction of image information systems appears to be extremely difficult in practice, BAZIS has decided to use computer modelling and simulation as decision support tools. In order to support the construction of simulation models, the simulation package and modelling environment MIRACLES (Medical Image Representation, Archiving and Communication Learned from Extensive Simulation) has been developed by BAZIS. This paper describes modelling and simulation techniques in general, as well as the benefits of simulation within the scope of designing Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS). In order to illustrate the theory, results of a concrete yet simple PACS, which has been simulated with MIRACLES, will be described and discussed. PMID- 3246912 TI - HIS-PACS coupling: BAZIS/ZIS and Philips/MARCOM on speaking terms. AB - Nowadays a growing number of experts in the PACS field agree on the necessity of having an integrated HIS-PACS combination available in modern hospitals in order to manage the enormous amounts of patient data, both textual, numerical and image information, in an effective way. Since 1986 BAZIS (the Development and Support Group of the Hospital Information System), Philips Medical Systems and the University Hospital of Utrecht (AZU) are partners in the so-called Dutch PACS Project in the development and evaluation of a fully integrated image information system. The first phase of the coupling (sub)project consists of establishing a communication link between the BAZIS/ZIS and the Philips/MARCOM system with the following restrictions: the only data sent concerns the inpatients of one ward; data will only flow one way, from BAZIS/ZIS to Philips/MARCOM. In the second phase two-way communication will be realized and more departments can be part of the experiment. In phase 3 a more general HIS-PACS interface will be developed, independent of the manufacturers of HIS and PACS. In this paper the technical solution chosen for the first phase coupling, the format of the messages being transferred, and the events which result in sending the messages, will be described. Also, reference is made to the demonstration of the working HIS-PACS link, given during the 6th EuroPACS meeting in Utrecht and Leiden on 25-26 April 1988. PMID- 3246913 TI - [Staphylococci of human oral cavity]. PMID- 3246914 TI - [Temperature-related production of enterotoxin by Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from healthy swine]. PMID- 3246915 TI - [Biochemical activity and sensitivity to selected antibiotics of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from surface water]. PMID- 3246916 TI - [Serological cross reactions of LPS and lipid A isolated from Aeromonas sobria and non 01 Vibrio cholerae]. PMID- 3246917 TI - [Characteristics of immunoglobulins specific for LPS and lipid A of Aeromonas sobria and non 01 Vibrio cholerae]. PMID- 3246918 TI - [Effect of tetanus toxin on the activity of the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic system in the mouse brain]. PMID- 3246919 TI - [Evaluation of serological examination in the diagnosis of RS virus infection in infants]. PMID- 3246920 TI - [Studies of the phagocytic process in Hodgkin's disease. I. Effect of patients' sera on the process of phagocytosis and intracellular bactericidal activity]. PMID- 3246922 TI - [Hemolytic properties of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strains]. PMID- 3246921 TI - [Evaluation of the capacity of chromosomal genes of erythromycin resistance for translocation in hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 3246923 TI - [Anaerobic bacteria in suppurative infections]. PMID- 3246924 TI - Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures of untreated leprosy patients. PMID- 3246925 TI - Unmyelinated nerve fibres in leprosy. A qualitative and quantitative study of sural nerve biopsies in 2 cases of lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 3246927 TI - The portable, plastic McArthur microscope for the examination of skin-smears in leprosy. PMID- 3246926 TI - Long-term prothionamide compliance: a study carried out in India using a combined formulation containing prothionamide, dapsone and isoniazid. PMID- 3246928 TI - Field detection of early neuritis in leprosy. PMID- 3246929 TI - Field detection of early neuritis in leprosy. PMID- 3246930 TI - Thalidomide in erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) PMID- 3246931 TI - Corticosteroid-induced activation of chronic ulceration in leprosy. PMID- 3246932 TI - Leproma of the metaphysis. PMID- 3246933 TI - Nonseptic tarsal disintegration in leprosy. PMID- 3246934 TI - Field diagnosis of early leprosy. PMID- 3246935 TI - [The rational and practice of poor diagnostic testing]. PMID- 3246936 TI - [Does physical activity affect the level of cardiovascular risk in school-age children?]. PMID- 3246937 TI - [Bone marrow cultures from patients with acute myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 3246938 TI - [Comparison of clinical and autopsy diagnoses in 2 periods: from 1962 to 1965 and from 1982 to 1985]. PMID- 3246939 TI - [Agranulocytosis--incidence and clinical significance (review of 37 of our cases)]. PMID- 3246940 TI - [Incidence of allergies to individual pollens in children with pollenosis in the area of Zagreb]. PMID- 3246941 TI - [Fibrinolytic activity in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration: the effect of penicillamine]. PMID- 3246942 TI - [Echocardiography in pediatric cardiology diagnosis]. PMID- 3246943 TI - [Changes in the skin due to the graft-versus-host reaction. 1. Pathogenesis and diagnosis]. PMID- 3246944 TI - [The development of superior medicine in Croatia]. PMID- 3246945 TI - The responses of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine to cardiopulmonary bypass during high-dose fentanyl anesthesia. PMID- 3246946 TI - Evaluation of induction technique with high flow of nitrous oxide in pediatric patients. PMID- 3246948 TI - High frequency jet ventilation in dental procedures. PMID- 3246947 TI - Acute pulmonary edema related to anesthesia. PMID- 3246949 TI - Obstetric epidural service in Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (a review of 288 cases in the past 33 months). PMID- 3246950 TI - [Neonatal outcome influenced by various anesthetic methods in cesarean section--a comparison of ketamine and epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 3246951 TI - [Comparison of various total intravenous anesthetic methods in dilatation and curettage in outpatients]. PMID- 3246952 TI - Alternative antegrade method for endotracheal tube replacement. PMID- 3246953 TI - [Intravenous anesthesia in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy]. PMID- 3246954 TI - Hypotensive anesthesia for spinal fusion and Lugue spinal segmental instrumentation. PMID- 3246955 TI - Cortical vein thrombosis--a case report. PMID- 3246956 TI - Inhaled foreign bodies in children. PMID- 3246958 TI - [Analysis of the components, equipment and catheters for endocavitary fulguration]. PMID- 3246957 TI - [Treatment of medullary aplasia with antilymphocyte globulin]. PMID- 3246959 TI - [The variation in neural conduction velocity related to temperature is not age dependent]. PMID- 3246960 TI - [Coronary selectivity of nitrendipine in dogs]. PMID- 3246961 TI - [Protection by cinnarizine-calcium dobesilate of cerebral lesions induced by histamine in rats]. PMID- 3246962 TI - [Diagnosis of transudative or exudative ascites based on total proteins and the difference between serum and ascitic albumin]. PMID- 3246963 TI - [Factors involved in enhancing autoimmune response in aging animals]. PMID- 3246965 TI - [Spastic paraplegia and primary adrenal insufficiency: a case of adrenomyeloneuropathy]. PMID- 3246964 TI - [Infections caused by penicillin-resistant pneumococcus: apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 3246966 TI - [Tissue culture in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors of the central nervous system]. PMID- 3246967 TI - [AIDS and changes in the autonomic nervous system]. PMID- 3246968 TI - [Cause of death in silicotics in Sardinia (1964-1977)]. PMID- 3246969 TI - [Work posture and changes in the spine of coffin-carriers]. PMID- 3246970 TI - [Determination of industrially used solvents in blood, alveolar air and urine in a group of blood donors]. PMID- 3246971 TI - [Risk conditions caused by formaldehyde and phenols at a plywood factory]. PMID- 3246973 TI - [Determination of hippuric and methylhippuric acids with high pressure liquid chromatography: comparison between chromatographic and colorimetric methods]. PMID- 3246974 TI - [The effect of constant light on the histologic picture of the subcommissural and subfornical organ in rats]. PMID- 3246972 TI - [Industrial hygiene evaluation of painting cabins for small vehicle bodyshops in the Siena area]. PMID- 3246975 TI - [Age-related characteristics of the laryngeal cartilages in children in the first year of life]. PMID- 3246976 TI - [Histologic and histochemical characteristics of the stroma in relation to the degree of malignancy and type of malignant epithelial tumor and precancerous conditions of the skin]. PMID- 3246978 TI - [Rubella in Vojvodina. V. Distribution and HI antibody titer levels to rubella virus in persons of various age groups]. PMID- 3246977 TI - [Serum gastrin levels after stimulation with food in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3246979 TI - [Unusual foreign bodies in the esophagus]. PMID- 3246980 TI - [Diagnosis of early psychological damage and disorders during development]. PMID- 3246981 TI - [Ablation of the bundle of His in patients with drug resistant supraventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 3246982 TI - [Advantages, possibilities and limitations of computer tomography of the mediastinum]. PMID- 3246983 TI - [The significance of albumino-rachia in the evaluation of the functional status of the hemato-encephalic barrier in patients with inflammatory diseases of the nervous system]. PMID- 3246984 TI - [Hereditary and congenital defects in newborn infants in Backa Palanka during the past 7 years]. PMID- 3246985 TI - [Incidence of light and dark cerumen in school-age children in Novi Sad]. PMID- 3246986 TI - [The incidence and etiology of obesity in children]. PMID- 3246987 TI - [Anomalies of the external genitalia in school-age boys]. PMID- 3246988 TI - [Prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in infantile dyslipidemias]. PMID- 3246989 TI - [Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism. Reflections on the methodology based on a statistical analysis of TSH and T4]. PMID- 3246990 TI - [Biofeedback training in the treatment of anal incontinence in children. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3246991 TI - [Analysis of the dietary habits of a group of students in nursery, elementary and secondary schools in the province of Milan]. PMID- 3246992 TI - [Advantages of treatment with bromhexine in acute sinus inflammation in children. Randomized double-blind study versus placebo]. PMID- 3246993 TI - [Primary empty sella in the developmental years. Considerations on 8 cases]. PMID- 3246994 TI - [Dyspeptic syndrome caused by cholelithiasis in children. Description of a case]. PMID- 3246995 TI - [Total ridge count in patients with Cooley's anemia and thalassemic trait]. PMID- 3246996 TI - [Opinions on arterial hypertension in adolescence. A pilot study]. PMID- 3246997 TI - [A case of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]. PMID- 3246998 TI - Biological markers of neurotoxicity. Satellite symposium to the Second World Congress of Neuroscience. Szeged, Hungary, August 13-14, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3246999 TI - Alteration of the visual evoked potential and the electroretinogram in lead treated monkeys. AB - Rhesus monkeys were pre- and postnatally exposed to either 0, 350, or 600 ppm lead acetate in lab chow. At the age of 7-7 1/4 years visual evoked potentials (VEP) and electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded. Flashes were used as stimuli. The VEP was taken under two background illuminance conditions. Lead-related decreases in amplitudes and increases in latencies were observed. Effects on amplitudes were more pronounced under the dark condition while latencies were more affected at the bright background level. The ERG was studied during the course of dark adaptation. The increase in amplitudes of the b-wave during the adaptation period was more prominent in lead-exposed subjects than in controls. Oscillatory potentials were not altered by lead. The findings are discussed in terms of the physiological mechanisms underlying these different potentials. PMID- 3247000 TI - Neurophysiological markers as early signs of organophosphate neurotoxicity. AB - The central and peripheral nervous system effects of acute and subchronic exposure to three organic phosphoro-acid esters (dimethoate, dichlorvos, parathion-methyl) were studied. CNS-dependent variables included mean EEG amplitude, mean frequency of the EEG, and the activity (power density) of six component frequency bands. Peripheral nervous system evaluations included determinations of conduction velocity, and both relative and absolute refractory periods. Cholinesterase activity was measured in blood, brain and other organs. The results indicate that acute large doses of these agents produce substantial changes in these measures of CNS and PNS function. In subchronic experiments it was found that a six weeks administration of 1/50 LD50 of the chemicals induced early functional changes in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems. It is recommended that when cholinesterase inhibition is detected in humans, functional evaluations of CNS and PNS should follow. PMID- 3247001 TI - Neurotypic and gliotypic proteins as biochemical markers of neurotoxicity. AB - Cells of the central and peripheral nervous system are differentially sensitive to toxic insults. Because biochemical differences between nervous system cell types are revealed by region- and cell-type-specific proteins, we proposed that these unique neuronal (neurotypic) and glial (gliotypic) proteins may be used to detect and characterize the cellular responses to chemical-induced injury (28). We are testing this hypothesis by administering known and suspected neurotoxicants to the developing and mature rat and assessing the effects of these agents on previously characterized neurotypic and gliotypic proteins. Using radioimmunoassays of these proteins in combination with their localization by immunohistochemistry, we have characterized several features of the neurotoxic state: 1) region-dependent patterns of neurotoxicity are revealed by changes in neurotypic and gliotypic proteins; 2) these changes are time-dependent and vary depending on the nature of the insult; and 3) significant changes in neurotypic and gliotypic proteins can be observed where there is no apparent pathology. Data obtained using a number of known neurotoxicants are presented to illustrate the use of this approach for assessing neurotoxicity. PMID- 3247002 TI - Ultrasonic vocalization in rat pups as a marker of behavioral development: an investigation of the effects of drugs influencing brain opioid system. AB - Early postnatal exposure to morphine significantly influenced the ultrasonic vocalization of rat pups removed from their nest. In particular, a significant decrease in the rate of calling, sound pressure level and range of frequency was found in morphine-treated animals; moreover, the duration of calls was significantly increased by morphine administration. Conversely, neither beta casomorphins (beta CMS), which are opioid peptides derived from the enzymatic digestion of milk protein (beta-casein), nor an opioid antagonist, like naloxone, significantly affected ultrasonic emission. The results are discussed with particular reference to the role of the opioid system in separation distress induced vocalization in young animals. PMID- 3247003 TI - Central nervous system effects of chronic toluene abuse--clinical, brainstem evoked response and magnetic resonance imaging studies. AB - We describe the results of neurological evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) testing in 11 chronic toluene vapor abusers. Neurological abnormalities were seen in four of 11 individuals and included cognitive, pyramidal, cerebellar and brainstem findings. MRI of the brain was abnormal in three of 11 individuals and revealed the following abnormalities: 1) Diffuse cerebral, cerebellar, and brainstem atrophy; 2) Loss of differentiation between the gray and white matter throughout the CNS; and 3) Increased periventricular white matter signal intensity on T2 weighted images. BAERs were abnormal (control mean +/- 3 S.D.) in five of 11 individuals. As a group, the latency of V (p less than 0.01), the III-V interpeak (p less than 0.05) and the I-V interpeak latencies were prolonged compared to controls. All three individuals with abnormal MRI scans also had abnormal neurological examinations and BAERs. Two of five individuals with abnormal BAERs, however, had normal neurological examinations and MRI scans. Our data support previous findings of diffuse white matter involvement in chronic toluene abusers and suggest that BAERs may detect early CNS injury from toluene inhalation even at a time when neurological examination and MRI scans are normal. BAERs, therefore, may be a sensitive screening test to monitor individuals at risk from toluene exposure (either abusers or industrially exposed individuals) for early evidence of CNS injury. PMID- 3247004 TI - Rapid identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum using a simple method of nucleic acid hybridization. PMID- 3247005 TI - Guidelines for medical care; the relationship between medical decision making, technology assessment and quality assurance. PMID- 3247006 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the corpus vitreum. PMID- 3247007 TI - Hyperadrenergic syndrome with hypertension, hypotension and myocardial necrosis in tetanus. PMID- 3247008 TI - Fever, lymphadenopathy and shock in a 16-year-old girl. PMID- 3247009 TI - IgA in dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 3247010 TI - Extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3247011 TI - Pneumococcal antibodies measured with a rapid enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using the whole vaccine as antigen. Suggestions for clinical application. PMID- 3247012 TI - Treatment of the anaemia of end-stage renal disease with recombinant human erythropoietin. PMID- 3247013 TI - Fatal intoxication after ingestion of isoflurane. PMID- 3247014 TI - Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the testis. PMID- 3247015 TI - Abnormal diurnal weight gain in chronic psychosis without seasonal change. AB - We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal in chronic psychosis. Nineteen chronically psychotic patients were weighed daily at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. for 1 year. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. NDWG was 2.714 +/- 0.824% for the 19 study patients, 0.631 +/- 0.405% for 16 acutely psychotic controls and 0.511 +/- 0.351% for 29 normals. All the study patients had NDWG values above the upper limit of normal. There were no seasonal differences (p less than 0.0001) in NDWG of the study sample. Sex, diagnoses, vital signs, and drugs did not explain our findings. PMID- 3247016 TI - Dopamine-depleting activity of L-3,4-(dioxyphenylacetyl)-phenylalanine. AB - Dioxyphenylacetyl-L-DOPA was synthesized and shown to be resistant toward oxidative cyclization in the presence of plasma and brain extracts. This new DOPA derivative is slightly inhibitory towards monoamine oxidase (IC50 2.5 mM) and the synaptosomal uptake of dopamine (IC50 0.35 mM) and acts as an antagonist of haloperidol (IC50 0.6 microM) in displacing 3H-spiroperidol from isolated dopamine receptors. The substance, although more hydrophobic than DOPA, overcomes the blood-brain barrier to a lower extent than DOPA and lowers the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the left and right hemisphere of mice treated with it for 10 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Dioxyphenylacetyl-L-DOPA inhibits red cell hypotonic hemolysis and brain Na/K+-ATPase activity in vitro and potentiates the barbiturate-induced sleep. PMID- 3247017 TI - Personality, effort perception and cardiovascular reactivity. AB - Ratings of perceived exertion and neuroendocrine reactivity (plasma catecholamines) were measured in type A and type B student volunteers during a metabolically equivalent physical stressor (cycle ergometry). Analysis of variance demonstrated that type A underrated the perception of exertion as compared to type B. Therefore, this neuropsychobiological interaction could partly explain the relationship between type A and the tissue pathology in the development of accentuated coronary heart disease. PMID- 3247018 TI - Aspects of sleep-wakefulness architecture by computer analysis in cats. AB - In the present study, using an automatic method to discriminate the stages of sleep-wakefulness, 180 control recordings on 15 chronically implanted cats were examined. In addition to a quantitative analysis, some aspects of the sleep wakefulness architecture were considered, especially the nature and the distribution of the sleep phases that lead to paradoxical sleep (normal sequences) or to wakefulness (abortive sequences). Taken together, these features allow the definition of a 'control profile' which could be useful for the better characterization of drug effects. PMID- 3247019 TI - [Nefopam in postoperative analgesia. Comparison with meperidine and morphine]. PMID- 3247020 TI - [Migraine after subarachnoid anesthesia: etiopathogenic hypothesis]. PMID- 3247021 TI - [Bronchoalveolar lavage in acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 3247022 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in multiple sclerosis. Clinical and electrophysiologic study]. PMID- 3247023 TI - [A new therapeutic approach in the treatment of acute trichloroethylene poisoning. First clinical results]. PMID- 3247025 TI - [Neodymium-Yag laser in the treatment of inoperable tumors of the trachea and the large bronchi]. PMID- 3247024 TI - [Etiopathogenic, physiopathological, clinical and therapeutic considerations on intrathoracic goiter. Presentation of cases]. PMID- 3247026 TI - [Respiration in thoracic surgery]. PMID- 3247027 TI - [Malignant neoplasms of the rectum. Evaluation of predictive parameters of recurrence]. PMID- 3247028 TI - [Cecocutaneostomy. Our experience compared to tube cecostomy and transverse colostomy]. PMID- 3247030 TI - [Varicose disease in the pathogenesis of recurrences after surgical treatment of essential varices]. PMID- 3247029 TI - [Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta: when should they be operated?]. PMID- 3247031 TI - [Use of skin expansion in reconstructive skin surgery]. PMID- 3247032 TI - [Peritonealization with omental mesh autograft]. PMID- 3247033 TI - [Use of sodium cefoxitin in the prevention of infections in patients subjected to general surgery]. PMID- 3247034 TI - [Non-occlusive ischemic colitis after traumatic rupture of the spleen]. PMID- 3247035 TI - [Encapsulating peritonitis: a rare cause of intestinal occlusion in a patient subjected to peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3247036 TI - [Multicentric intrathoracic obstructions of the supra-aortic trunks. Presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 3247037 TI - [A case of cerebral ischemic complication in surgery of the carotid artery]. PMID- 3247038 TI - [Retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Clinical contributions]. PMID- 3247039 TI - [Electrodes for long-term monitoring of esophageal and gastric pH. Comparison of intrinsic characteristics and behavior in vitro and in vivo]. PMID- 3247040 TI - [Complications of Nd-Yag laser treatment in esophageal stenosis]. PMID- 3247041 TI - [Reflux esophagitis: the role of endoscopy]. PMID- 3247042 TI - [Use of external fixators in fractures associated with vascular injuries of the limbs]. PMID- 3247043 TI - [Indications for isolated thromboendarterectomy of the deep femoral artery]. PMID- 3247044 TI - [Treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Critical review in the light of our 25-year experience]. PMID- 3247045 TI - [Giant leiomyoma of the stomach. Presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 3247046 TI - [Aberrant pancreas in the stomach: a rare cause of pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 3247047 TI - [Abscess of the psoas muscle in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3247048 TI - [7 cases of extensive intestinal resection for massive mesenteric infarction]. PMID- 3247049 TI - [A case of dynamic ileus caused by tricyclic antidepressive agents]. PMID- 3247050 TI - [Pulmonary sequestration in childhood. 7 observed and surgically treated cases]. PMID- 3247051 TI - [Malignant tumors of the kidney. Long-term results of the surgical treatment]. PMID- 3247052 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma. Presentation of a clinical case. Diagnostic-therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 3247053 TI - [Comparison of the T.A.T.I. marker with CEA and Ca 19-9 in neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system. Preliminary data]. PMID- 3247054 TI - [Cardiocirculatory changes and sclerosis of esophageal varices]. PMID- 3247056 TI - [Liver biopsy at a day-hospital. Experience with a selected case series]. PMID- 3247055 TI - [Endoscopic polypectomy of the large intestine. 6 years' experience]. PMID- 3247057 TI - [Automation of gastroscopy files. Retrieval and processing using a relational database on a microcomputer]. PMID- 3247058 TI - [Ultrasonics in the study of gallbladder kinetics and changes after administration of cimetropium bromide]. PMID- 3247059 TI - [Evaluation of blood flow in the gastric microcirculation in humans during pirenzepine infusion]. PMID- 3247060 TI - [Pirenzepine in the treatment of chronic gastritis in patients exposed to organic solvents]. PMID- 3247061 TI - [Treatment of acute bacterial gastroenteritis with norfloxacin]. PMID- 3247062 TI - [Mesenteric fibrosis. Apropos of 1 of our cases]. PMID- 3247063 TI - Antibodies against Campylobacter jejuni/coli in patients suffering from campylobacteriosis or inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Sera from 74 patients from the Oslo area and 21 from Northern Norway with compylobacteriosis were analysed for antibodies against an antigen mixture comprising seven Campylobacter jejuni/coli strains including a PEN 0:6,7 isolate representing the most common serotype in Northern Norway. Seventy-seven per cent of the campylobacter patients from the Oslo area and 86% from Northern Norway had elevated antibody levels. Thirty-seven out of 57 (65%) seropositive patients from Oslo and 12 out of 18 (67%) from Northern Norway were positive in more than one immunoglobulin class. None of the patients, all from Northern Norway (N = 56), with inflammatory bowel disease i.e. Mb. Crohn or ulcerative colitis diagnosed for the first time, had elevated antibody levels in two immunoglobulin classes. Apparently campylobacteriosis is not associated with the precipitation of these diseases. Two sets of blood donor sera, from Oslo (N = 28) and Tromso (N = 37) respectively, served as reference. The IgG antibody levels against C. jejuni/coli antigens in the blood donor group from Tromso were higher than in the Oslo group. PMID- 3247064 TI - Anti-HIV screening of pregnant women in south-eastern Norway. AB - Routine anti-HIV screening of 36,053 sera from pregnant women in South-Eastern Norway yielded four (0.011%) true positive individuals. Three of these were known to be HIV-infected before pregnancy. In addition 23 women (0.064%) gave false positive results. Fifty (0.14%) women actively refused anti-HIV test. Anonymous testing of the sera from these women probably yielded one single true anti-HIV positive (2%). The prevalence of HIV-infection among pregnant Norwegian women is very low. Nevertheless, this screening programme could be instrumental in the future for the indirect monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of HIV infection among the sexually active section of the population. False positive results were rare and caused no real diagnostic problem. PMID- 3247065 TI - Rapid diagnosis of genital herpes simplex infection by an indirect ELISA method. AB - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) detection was performed by a rapid ELISA antigen detection method in a small field trial, and the results were compared to the results of ordinary cell culture isolation. Swabs from 54 patients, suffering from clinically suspected genital HSV infection, were examined by both methods. In 49 samples the results were identical. Three samples were negative by ELISA, but HSV was isolated by culture, while two samples were positive by ELISA, but negative by culture. Compared to the culture results, the ELISA method had 87.5% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity. Most culture positive samples were identified within two (54%) or three (75%) days, and all within six days after inoculation. The ELISA method turned out as a good and easy method for rapid detection of genital HSV infections. PMID- 3247066 TI - Molecular mechanisms of glial swelling in vitro. AB - The pathophysiological chain of events occurring during cerebral ischemia is still poorly understood on a molecular level. Therefore, an in vitro model to study glial swelling mechanisms, using C6 glial cells under controlled extracellular conditions, has been established. Flow cytometry serves to determine even small cell volume changes. In this report, the effects of anoxia and acidosis on glial swelling are summarized. Anoxia alone, or in combination with iodoacetate to inhibit anaerobic glycolysis, did not cause an increase of glial volume for up to 2 h. Acidification of the incubation medium below pH 6.8, on the other hand, was immediately followed by cell swelling to 115% of normal. Amiloride or the absence of bicarbonate and Na+ in the medium significantly reduced glial swelling. The data support the contention that swelling results from an activation of the Na+/H+-antiporter to control intracellular pH. It is suggested that swelling in an ischemic penumbra is promoted by this mechanism. Therapeutic approaches to control cerebral pH might be useful to protect brain tissue in cerebral ischemia. PMID- 3247067 TI - Regional pH and electrolyte homeostasis of cat brain after prolonged ischemia. AB - Following prolonged cerebral ischemia, primary electrophysiological recovery may be followed by secondary deterioration of the recovery process. It has been suggested that the secondary deterioration is caused by "late" cytotoxic brain edema. To test this hypothesis, adult normothermic cats were submitted to 1 h complete cerebral ischemia followed by 3 and 6 h recirculation, respectively. Postischemic recovery of energy metabolism was imaged by ATP-induced bioluminescence, and regional tissue pH and electrolyte content was measured in regions with and without metabolic recovery. In areas with postischemic restitution of metabolic activity, sodium gradually rose from 338 +/- 17 to 488 +/- 28 mumol/g protein and calcium from 8.81 +/- 0.35 to 18.24 +/- 0.97 mumol/g protein. Tissue potassium content decreased from 761 +/- 12 to 676 +/- 19 mumol/g protein and magnesium from 46.8 +/- 0.8 to 36.3 +/- 1.1 mumol/g protein. Tissue pH rose from 7.09 +/- 0.04 to 7.31 +/- 0.13 and 7.26 +/- 0.17 after 3 and 6 h recirculation, respectively. In areas without metabolic recovery, electrolyte disturbances were even more pronounced and pH--after transient alkalization--fell to 6.82 +/- 0.12. These data demonstrate that during the later phase of postischemic recirculation, progressive disturbances of electrolyte homeostasis create a preedematous situation that has to be considered for preventing delayed postischemic complications. PMID- 3247068 TI - Compartmentation of acid-base balance in brain during complete ischemia. AB - During near complete hyperglycemic brain ischemia, brain lactate levels rise in excess of 16-18 mmol/K and are associated with severe brain infarction. Analyses of pHo, Pt(CO2), and total brain lactate under these circumstances suggest that H+, HCO3, and lactate become unequally distributed between cells and the interstitial space and, perhaps, even between different types of brain cells. In addition, to whatever physiological advantages it may generate, such compartmentalization may be a factor leading to cell death in brain ischemia. PMID- 3247069 TI - Brain ion homeostasis in cerebral ischemia. AB - Brain function is severely disturbed in ischemia. Within seconds, consciousness and spontaneous activity is lost, whereas interstitial concentrations of major ions are kept near normal levels. After a few minutes, there is a dramatic increase of potassium and a lowering of sodium, chloride, and calcium concentrations. Similar ionic changes are observed during spreading depression, however, that is spontaneously reversible and may be elicited in the otherwise normally perfused brain. In focal ischemia, the two events occur simultaneously. The central core of very low flow displays the ischemic increase of interstitial potassium concentration, whereas the surrounding tissue exhibits repeated episodes of spreading depression. This may induce energy failure by stimulating metabolism in areas with depressed flow thereby causing cell damage outside the ischemic core. PMID- 3247070 TI - Role of circulatory disturbances in the development of post-ischemic brain edema. AB - Two post-ischemic circulatory disturbances that play a significant role in pathophysiology of an ischemic lesion are: (1) reactive hyperemia or hyperperfusion and (2) hypoperfusion. The reactive hyperemia promptly follows release of major cerebral artery occlusion, and it is associated with the opening of the blood-brain barrier to serum proteins and ensuing edema. Prevention or reduction of reactive hyperemia results in significant amelioration of edema and the resulting ischemic brain tissue injury. The post-ischemic hypoperfusion, studied in gerbils, develops soon after recirculation and usually lasts up to 6 h. Its relationship to post-ischemic edema is evident in repeated ischemic insults. In these studies, three ischemic insults of 5 min duration when applied at 1 h intervals, i.e., during the period of hypoperfusion, resulted in a cumulative effect, post-ischemic edema and tissue injury becoming considerably more pronounced that those following a single 15 min ischemia. There was no cumulative effect when the ischemic insults were spaced 3 min or longer than 6 h apart. These observations indicate that repeated ischemic insults taking place during the phase of post-ischemic hypoperfusion may significantly increase the development of edema and brain tissue injury. PMID- 3247071 TI - [The clinical significance of studying corneal topography in correcting myopia and astigmatism by radial keratotomy]. PMID- 3247072 TI - [Physiologo-hygienic assessment of the educational regime in specialized preschool facilities for children with vision disorders]. PMID- 3247073 TI - [The hypotensive action and efficacy of sclera-enhancing surgery in progressive myopia]. PMID- 3247074 TI - [Long-term results of simple scleroplasty in progressive myopia in children]. PMID- 3247076 TI - [Our experience in the use of dynamic buckling of the sclera with silicon rubber in retinal detachment]. PMID- 3247075 TI - [The clinico-functional status of eyes with congenital glaucoma long after surgical treatment]. PMID- 3247077 TI - [Primary multiple malignant tumors of the eyelids]. PMID- 3247078 TI - [Assessment of the degree of risk of transscleral laser coagulation]. PMID- 3247079 TI - [Some aspects of the mechanics of action of intraocular pressure]. PMID- 3247080 TI - [A study of the metabolic status of selenium in patients with senile cataract]. PMID- 3247081 TI - [Experimental studies of the method of sclera enhancement upon administration of autoblood and hydrocortisone into Tenon's space]. PMID- 3247082 TI - [The effect of laser radiation on the permeability of eye tissue for medicinal substances]. PMID- 3247083 TI - [Experimental models of secondary cataract]. PMID- 3247084 TI - [Formation of medical indications for refractional keratotomy]. PMID- 3247085 TI - [A question on the role of correction using radial keratotomy in myopia]. PMID- 3247086 TI - [Independent work of students in a course on eye diseases]. PMID- 3247087 TI - [Vitreous body reposition in extraction of soft cataract]. PMID- 3247088 TI - [Lower eyelid fixation in paralytic lagophthalmos]. PMID- 3247089 TI - [A device for determining the critical frequency of flicker fusion]. PMID- 3247090 TI - [Chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy of wound infection]. PMID- 3247091 TI - [Use of papain in combined treatment of patients with fistulous forms of suppurative inflammatory processes]. PMID- 3247092 TI - [Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 3247093 TI - [Differential x-ray diagnosis of tuberculosis and osteomyelitis of the spine in adults]. PMID- 3247094 TI - [Met-enkephalin and blood electrolytes in patients with frostbite]. PMID- 3247096 TI - [Electrophysiological evaluation of neurologic manifestations of disorders in the topography of the spinal motor segment]. PMID- 3247095 TI - [Anastomosis of intercostal nerves with the roots of the cauda equina in the late stage of complicated trauma of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine]. PMID- 3247097 TI - [Differential diagnosis of systemic osteoporosis and multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3247098 TI - [Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis]. PMID- 3247099 TI - [Experience in the treatment of uncomplicated compression fractures of the spine]. PMID- 3247100 TI - [A case of successful resuscitation in pathological freezing]. PMID- 3247101 TI - [Treatment of old rotational dislocation of the atlas]. PMID- 3247102 TI - [Therapeutic tactics in fractures of the odontoid process of the 2d cervical vertebra]. PMID- 3247103 TI - [Deglutition disorders in cervical osteochondrosis]. PMID- 3247104 TI - [Possibilities of using computers in the optimization of the parameters of laser therapy in the treatment of bone and soft tissue wounds]. PMID- 3247105 TI - [Use of laser irradiation in the treatment of traumatic suppurative bursitis of the knee and elbow joints]. PMID- 3247106 TI - [A method of treating wounds of skeletal muscles]. PMID- 3247107 TI - [A method of selecting rods for the apparatus used in internal osteosynthesis]. PMID- 3247108 TI - [Prognostication of the outcome of traumatic disease and the optimal therapy at the initial period]. PMID- 3247109 TI - [Current problems of training students in orthopedics-traumatology and military and field surgery at the medical institutes of the country]. PMID- 3247110 TI - [A propos of Kh. A. Umkhanova's article, Socioeconomic aspects of the problem of infantile cerebral palsy]. PMID- 3247111 TI - [Prevention of osteoporosis of bone fragments in distraction osteosynthesis]. PMID- 3247113 TI - [Biomechanical substantiation of stability of intraosseous osteosynthesis using titanium rods]. PMID- 3247112 TI - [Comparative study of rigidity of Kirschner's pins, Steinman's rods and Schanz's screws under identical experimental and clinical conditions]. PMID- 3247114 TI - [A method of stable and functional osteosynthesis using bone plates]. PMID- 3247115 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of patients with pseudarthroses of the femoral diaphysis]. PMID- 3247116 TI - [Surgical treatment of pathological fractures]. PMID- 3247117 TI - [Osteosynthesis in various types of fractures using pins made of corundum ceramics]. PMID- 3247118 TI - [Osteosynthesis in metadiaphyseal fractures of the femur using a fixation device creating stable intercompression of the bone fragments]. PMID- 3247119 TI - [Problem of unstable osteosynthesis]. PMID- 3247120 TI - [Our experience with using the rod equipment for the treatment of patients with injuries of the pelvis]. PMID- 3247121 TI - [A method of osteosynthesis of the olecranon]. PMID- 3247122 TI - [A method of diagnosis of injuries of the ulnar nerve]. PMID- 3247123 TI - [Tibiofibular syndesmosis in the normal state and in trauma]. PMID- 3247124 TI - [Treatment of chronic bursitis with fistula by a cryogenic method]. PMID- 3247126 TI - [Traumatism among children and adolescents ( a new approach)]. PMID- 3247125 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the results of the treatment of patients with humeral and femoral fractures at trauma centers and hospital surgical departments]. PMID- 3247127 TI - [The so-called blockage syndromes: adduction, esodeviation and elevation in early strabismus. Congenital monocular optomotor syndrome]. PMID- 3247128 TI - [Treatment of retinal detachment complicated by severe vitreo-retinal proliferation using silicone oil]. PMID- 3247129 TI - [Intra-photocoagulation during vitrectomy]. PMID- 3247130 TI - [Retinal tacks]. PMID- 3247131 TI - [Cytologic aspects of the cellular proliferation of the posterior segment]. PMID- 3247132 TI - [Rupture of the blood-retinal barrier after microsurgery of retinal detachment]. PMID- 3247133 TI - [A new technic of peroperative examination of the retina before placement of an artificial lens in the diabetic patient]. PMID- 3247134 TI - [Fluorophotometric evaluation of the blood-ocular barrier in cataract surgery]. PMID- 3247135 TI - [Fluorophotometry in aphakic microcystic edema]. PMID- 3247136 TI - [Examination of the blood-retinal barrier using vitreous fluorophotometry during retinal vein occlusion]. PMID- 3247137 TI - [Comparative study of the binocular vision of ortho-microtropia and residual strabismus. Post-treatment development of esotropia]. PMID- 3247138 TI - [Action of indomethacin and oxybuprocaine on the penetration of netilmicine across the blood-ocular barrier]. PMID- 3247139 TI - [Permanent wear rigid gas-permeable contact lenses. The value of current tests of the tear factor in the prediction of lens coating. Apropos of 50 cases]. PMID- 3247140 TI - [The DACE technic. Indications. Methods. Results. Apropos of 17 cases of superior bullous retinal detachment]. PMID- 3247141 TI - [Vitreous fluorophotometry in diabetics using an insulin pump: absent or minimal retinopathy]. PMID- 3247142 TI - [Preretinal membranes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Permeability and ultrastructure]. PMID- 3247143 TI - [Passage of proteins through the hemato-lacrimal barrier]. PMID- 3247144 TI - [The Schirmer-Jones test in West Africa]. PMID- 3247145 TI - [Ocular involvement in Lyell's syndrome. Incidence, evolution, prognosis]. PMID- 3247146 TI - [Lyell's syndrome caused by allopurinol. Clinical case]. PMID- 3247147 TI - [Xerophthalmia. Inquiry in 1986 in Vietnam]. PMID- 3247148 TI - [Effects of triphasic oral contraceptives on lacrimal secretion]. PMID- 3247149 TI - [Meibomian secretion and the pseudo-dry syndrome. Contribution of conjunctival imprint]. PMID- 3247150 TI - [Conjunctival imprint in dry eye syndromes]. PMID- 3247151 TI - [Conjunctival biopsy and autoimmune disorders (Sjogren's syndrome)]. PMID- 3247152 TI - [Kinetics of lysozyme absorption by the material in therapeutic contact lenses]. PMID- 3247153 TI - [Eledoisin eyedrops in the therapy of keratoconjunctivitis sicca]. PMID- 3247154 TI - [Keratoprosthesis with a new haptic support for tissue colonization in dry eyes]. PMID- 3247155 TI - [Comparative statistical study of the visual evoked potentials in subjects suspected of having multiple sclerosis with and without ophthalmic signs]. PMID- 3247156 TI - [Findings from a systematic ophthalmologic examination in carriers of the HIV antigen]. PMID- 3247157 TI - [Cavernous hemangiomas of the orbit]. PMID- 3247158 TI - [Chronic open-angle glaucoma treated by trabecular retraction using an argon laser. Results over 4 years in the first 200 cases]. PMID- 3247159 TI - [Indications for combined surgery in cataract associated with glaucoma]. PMID- 3247161 TI - [The Schocket tube in the treatment of irreducible congenital glaucoma]. PMID- 3247160 TI - [Ocular hypertension after cataract surgery (intra- and extra-capsular)]. PMID- 3247162 TI - [Automatic perimetry and visual evoked potentials in the study of glaucoma. Analysis of 364 examinations performed with the same instrument]. PMID- 3247163 TI - [Transfer modulation functions in glaucoma]. PMID- 3247164 TI - [Ultrastructural aspect of the action of the excimer laser on the human cornea]. PMID- 3247165 TI - [Epikeratoplasty. Use of lenses made of human placental collagen]. PMID- 3247166 TI - [Radial keratotomy. Marking of the visual axis with a specific glass fiber]. PMID- 3247167 TI - [Do clinical forms of primary open-angle glaucoma exist?]. PMID- 3247168 TI - [Static meridian color photopic perimetry in chronic glaucoma]. PMID- 3247169 TI - [Very early neuroretinal and functional changes in ocular hypertension]. PMID- 3247170 TI - [Evaluation of the systemic cardiovascular and bronchial effects of beta-blocking eyedrops. Value of isoprenaline and carbachol tests. Therapeutic consequences]. PMID- 3247171 TI - [Papillo-retino-choroidal hemodynamics during experimental ocular hypertension in normal and glaucomatous subjects]. PMID- 3247172 TI - [Laser trabeculoplasty: argon laser or krypton laser?]. PMID- 3247173 TI - [Surgical anatomy of glaucoma]. PMID- 3247174 TI - [Microtrabeculoprosthesis. A new technic for shielded filtration]. PMID- 3247175 TI - [Implantation of a lens in the posterior chamber in patients operated on for glaucoma]. PMID- 3247176 TI - [Comparative study of intracapsular cataract extraction with anterior chamber lens implant and extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implant]. PMID- 3247177 TI - [Giant tears. Analysis, surgical treatment and long-term results]. PMID- 3247178 TI - [Oculomotor paresis after surgical treatment for retinal detachment]. PMID- 3247179 TI - [Study of retinal nerve fibers by retinography in blue light]. PMID- 3247180 TI - [Fluorometry and uveitis]. PMID- 3247181 TI - [Ectropion and bilateral corneal perforation in a case of congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. Clinical and histopathologic review]. PMID- 3247182 TI - [Crystallization of the tears of trachoma patients]. PMID- 3247184 TI - [Value of the electrophysiology of ocular motility in neuro-ophthalmology. Diagnosis of a brain stem lesion]. PMID- 3247183 TI - [Kinetic study of 14C chromocarb in the pigmented rabbit after a single instillation]. PMID- 3247185 TI - [New tests of visual acuity for preschool children: CADET letters and CADET pictures]. PMID- 3247186 TI - [Physiology and surgery of Tenon's capsule]. PMID- 3247187 TI - [Early retinal capillary hemangiomas. Study of 7 tumors]. PMID- 3247188 TI - [The ocular pulse]. PMID- 3247189 TI - [Refractive surgery and flight fitness. Apropos of 50 cases]. PMID- 3247190 TI - [Use of human collagen (type IV) in refractive corneal surgery. Experimental study]. PMID- 3247191 TI - [Keratomileusis without freezing (Krumeich technic). Visual results and morphologic changes of the cornea]. PMID- 3247193 TI - [Update on sectorial occlusion]. PMID- 3247192 TI - [Comparative results of myopic keratomileusis with and without freezing]. PMID- 3247194 TI - [Structural surgery in strabismology. 2 years' experience]. PMID- 3247195 TI - [Surgical treatment of accommodative strabismus. Apropos of 100 cases of esotropia]. PMID- 3247196 TI - [Retinotomy with the Yag-laser in cases of retinal folds with vitreo-retinal traction in proliferative diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 3247197 TI - [Prognostic factors in the treatment of edematous diabetic retinopathy with focal photocoagulation]. PMID- 3247198 TI - [Congenital retinal arterial loop and vitreous hemorrhage]. PMID- 3247199 TI - [Vitreo-retinal relations in the normal subject]. PMID- 3247200 TI - [Incomplete recovery syndrome after treatment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 3247201 TI - [Cryotherapy in the acute stage of retinopathy of prematurity]. PMID- 3247202 TI - [Hemostasis and central retinal vein occlusion]. PMID- 3247204 TI - [Clinical examination of the stability of a film of tears in young subjects]. PMID- 3247203 TI - [Maturation of the blood-aqueous barrier in man. Morphologic study of tight junctions in the ciliary epithelial cells]. PMID- 3247205 TI - [Lacrymal hyposecretion in young patients]. PMID- 3247206 TI - [Electrophoresis of lacrimal proteins and immunoglobulins in Egyptian patients with trachoma]. PMID- 3247207 TI - [Low-molecular weight sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of tear film changes and of dry eye]. PMID- 3247208 TI - [Efficacy of hyaluronic acid eyedrops in the treatment of dry eye. Cytologic study using an optical microscope and computerized microscope]. PMID- 3247209 TI - [Piroxicam eyedrops in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. A new therapeutic perspective]. PMID- 3247210 TI - [Involvement of the lacrimal glands in sarcoidosis. Scintigraphic evaluation with gallium 67]. PMID- 3247211 TI - [Orbital disease and hyperthyroidism. Means syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 3247212 TI - [Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with involvement of the higher optic pathways. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 3247213 TI - [The eye and methyl alcohol]. PMID- 3247214 TI - [Role of the ophthalmologist in detecting sexually transmitted diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Apropos of 100 cases]. PMID- 3247215 TI - [Ultrastructural analysis of the phenomenon of splitting of muscle fibers]. PMID- 3247216 TI - [Transmission electron microscopy in the differential diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using fine-needle aspirates]. PMID- 3247218 TI - [A case of splenoma (hamartoma lienis) coexistent with amyloidosis]. PMID- 3247217 TI - [Morphology of Morris hepatoma 5123 cells cultured in vitro]. PMID- 3247219 TI - High autopsy rate in Trieste, 1901-1985: age associated increase in necroscopy practice. PMID- 3247220 TI - Metastatic neoplasms of the liver: their frequency in relation to age and to locations of the primary neoplasms. Analysis of 10157 malignant tumours at autopsy. PMID- 3247222 TI - [Epithelioid sarcoma. A rare case of synchronous bifocal lesions]. PMID- 3247221 TI - Basaloid carcinoma of the sigmoid colon: report of a case. PMID- 3247223 TI - [Changes in the hypophysis in several autopsy cases of AIDS]. PMID- 3247224 TI - [Findings on changes in the gonads in autopsy cases of AIDS]. PMID- 3247225 TI - [Developmental abnormalities of the lower segment of the urinary tract as a cause of hydronephrosis in infants]. PMID- 3247226 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of diet on selected parameters of protein and lipid metabolism in the blood serum of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 3247227 TI - [Incidence of pneumonia and bronchitis in hospitalized children, duration of hospitalization and the type of antibiotic therapy (personal experience)]. PMID- 3247228 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the left ventricle and hemodynamics in boys with borderline arterial hypertension during adolescence]. PMID- 3247229 TI - [Activity of the adrenergic system in children with endocrine disorders]. PMID- 3247230 TI - [Blood levels of thyroid hormones in children with atopic diseases]. PMID- 3247231 TI - [Generalized hypermobility of the joints in school-age children]. PMID- 3247232 TI - [Bronchography in a newborn infant with hypoplasia of the lung. Case report]. PMID- 3247233 TI - [Usefulness of transcutaneous catheterization of the external jugular vein at the pediatric department of a regional hospital]. PMID- 3247234 TI - [The role of cytotoxins of anaerobic bacteria in necrotizing enterocolitis]. PMID- 3247235 TI - [Participation of pediatricians in congresses of Polish physicians and biologists]. PMID- 3247236 TI - [Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents in the light of our observations (based on the criteria of the ARA)]. PMID- 3247237 TI - [Pattern of rheumatic fever during the years 1962-1985 based on our observations]. PMID- 3247239 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus with changes of the nervous system and eyes in a 16 year-old girl]. PMID- 3247238 TI - [Contribution to the differential diagnosis of Yersinia enterocolitica infection and systemic inflammatory diseases of connective tissue based on an observed case]. PMID- 3247241 TI - [Changes in the masticatory system of children with systemic diseases of the connective tissue]. PMID- 3247240 TI - [Social adjustment and intellectual performance of children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis]. PMID- 3247243 TI - Abruptio placentae and fetal sex ratio. AB - In the authors' department, 175 cases of abruption of the placenta - 0.65% of all births at the department - were treated in the course of 15 years. The sex ratio of fetuses in association with this complication was 131.08; higher than those of all neonates during the same period of time. The material was further analysed by maternal age, parity and neonatal birth weight. PMID- 3247244 TI - Electrophysiological effects of the antiarrhythmic agent GYKI-23107 in dogs. AB - Cardiac electrophysiological properties of GYKI-23107, a new membrane stabilizing antiarrhythmic agent were studied in anaesthetized open-chest dogs. Epi- end endocardial electrograms (for sinus potential and for His bundle recording) were obtained during sinus rhythm and following atrial and ventricular pacing. The registration were performed under control conditions as well as five minutes after drug administration of 8 mg/kg slow i.v. or 20 minutes after 20 mg/kg intraduodenal administration respectively. GYKI-23107 did not influence significantly either the sinus cycles, PA-intervals, sinus node potentials, or the classical electrophysiological parameters of sinoatrial function as the corrected recovery time of the sinus node, sino-atrial conduction time or the secondary post-stimulation sinus cycles before and after vegetative blockade. Neither the AH intervals, anterograde Wenckebach period, nor ventriculo-atrial conduction time changed significantly. QRS duration, configuration and HV intervals remained also unchanged after drug administration in doses which used in this study, and which seemed to be in therapeutic range. The agent did not influence significantly the effective refractory periods of the atrium and ventricle during sinus rhythm. This study suggest that the GYKI-23107 is not depressive on the anterograde (AV), retrograde (VA), intraventricular conduction and is slightly depressive on the intrinsic pacemaker properties. PMID- 3247242 TI - Prolactin release during nursing in early puerperium. AB - The changes induced in prolactin levels during the first 6 days following delivery were studied. Blood samples for prolactin assay were taken from 9 women at 5-min intervals during breast feeding. The levels of lactation were followed via the amounts of milk produced during suckling. The highest prolactin levels were observed on days 2-4 following delivery. There appeared to be some correlation between the basal and breast-feeding-induced prolactin levels and the level of lactation. A relatively low basal level and a moderate feeding-induced response are early indicators of delayed and less productive lactation. In unfavourable cases the feeding-induced prolactin increases gradually disappeared and lactation stopped. The correlation between the prolactin level and the quantity of milk formed is not a close one, but the observed tendencies agree with the role of prolactin. From day 5 on, the prolactin demands of the breasts are lower. PMID- 3247245 TI - Antifibrillatory effect of GYKI-23107 in induced ventricular vulnerability by local cooling and programmed stimulation in canine models. AB - We tested GYKI-23107 a new agent with local anaesthetic activity, in experimentally induced life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in pentobarbitone anaesthetized dogs. By a cooling test and programmed stimulation ventricular fibrillation was induced before and after drug administration (8 mg/kg i.v., n = 14 and 20 mg/kg i.d., n = 12). Comparative experiments were carried out with lidocaine (10 mg/kg). In this lidocaine-treated group, ventricular fibrillation could be produced at 27.7 +/- 6.6 (S.D.) min, n = 12, while after GYKI-23107 ventricular fibrillation occurred at 46.6 +/- 10.7 min, n = 14. The new compound was well absorbed from the intestines; after i.d. administration it could prevent or reduce the onset of lethal arrhythmia for more than 40 min. Its i.d. efficacy correlated well with that of i.v. administration. GYKI-23107 appears to be a safe and potent long-acting agent against ventricular dysrhythmias. It may be a promising and valuable alternative to currently available antiarrhythmic agents. The strong antifibrillatory action observed in ischaemic canine heart (n = 5) both after i.v. or i.d. administration is of special importance. PMID- 3247246 TI - Synthetic formyl-methionyl chemoattractants: a conformation-activity study of oxidized tripeptides. AB - The two diastereomeric sulphoxides and the sulphone derived from the formyl methionyl tripeptide chemoattractant CHO-L-Met-L-Phe-OMe have been synthesized and fully characterized. The diastereomeric sulphoxide tripeptides have been separated at the stage of their N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl synthetic precursors. All of the oxidized sulphur derivatives induce secretion of granule enzymes with ED50s from 1-2 x 10(-9) M with no significant differences in activity among them. They are also active to the same relative extent in inducing chemotaxis. In parallel, a solution conformational analysis has been performed in solvents of widely different polarities and capabilities of H-bond formation using circular dichroism, infrared absorption and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. No significant propensity for formation of intramolecularly (C = O...H-N) H-bonded folded forms has been detected in any of the four tripeptides. Intermolecular S = O...H-N interactions are postulated to tentatively explain the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance behavior of the Met and, particularly, Leu NH resonances of the two sulphoxide tripeptides in CDCl3 solution. The biological and conformational data agree with the recently proposed model of the chemotactic peptide receptor of rabbit neurotrophils, which involves the extended backbone of the integrity of the Met side-chain sulphide sulphur atom as a corollary point of ligand interaction. PMID- 3247247 TI - The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of biologically active peptides in conscious sheep. AB - The present study records the physiological effects of 24-hour intracerebroventricular infusion of a variety of biologically active peptides in conscious sheep. A number of peptides including AVP and TRH produced increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate and body temperature. There was an overall positive correlation between peptide-induced changes in body temperature and changes in either mean arterial pressure or heart rate. TRH and beta-endorphin had marked effects on behaviour and several peptides reduced food and water intake. Several peptides increased urinary sodium excretion, however, few peptides changes plasma electrolyte concentrations. TRH produced small effects on plasma ACTH and plasma glucose concentrations. The peptides in this study produced physiological changes which were probably mediated by their actions on the central nervous system. PMID- 3247249 TI - Bilateral neural transections at the level of mesencephalon increase food intake and reduce latency to onset of feeding in response to neuropeptide Y. AB - Administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) into the IIIrd ventricle of the rat brain induces robust ingestive behavior with a latency to onset of feeding (LOF) ranging from 12 to 20 min. Since substantial amounts of NPY found in hypothalamic sites that mediate the control of feeding behavior originate from the brain stem, we studied the effects of NPY on LOF and food intake in male and female rats after bilateral severing of brain stem NPY input to the hypothalamus at the level of the mesencephalon. NPY in doses of 117 pmol significantly increased food intake and decreased LOF in both male and female transected rats. Higher doses of 470 pmol NPY decreased only the LOF in transected rats as compared to sham control rats. Additionally, 117 pmol NPY in transected rats elicited food consumption equivalent to that produced by 470 pmol NPY in control rats. These studies show that decreases in NPY levels found in the paraventricular nucleus and neighboring hypothalamic sites as a result of these neural transections may render rats hyperresponsive to NPY, presumably due to denervation-induced hypersensitivity in these sites. PMID- 3247248 TI - Chemical characterization of rat cholecystokinin-58. AB - Cholecystokinin-58 (CCK-58) was purified from rat intestines using an extraction method that yields large amounts of this peptide. Greater than 30% of total CCK immunoreactivity eluted before CCK-39 upon gel permeation chromatography (Sephadex G-50) if extracts were loaded onto Sep Pak cartridges before freezing. If the extracts were frozen and stored at -70 degrees C for six weeks, only 20% of the material eluted in this region and total immunoreactivity was reduced by 50%, suggesting that proteases were active under these storage conditions. This early eluting peak was purified by reverse phase and ion-exchange HPLC to a single absorbance peak. Microsequence analysis of this peak detected AVLRPDSEP which is the amino terminus of rat CCK-58 predicted from the rat preprocholecystokinin cDNA. Because degradation of CCK-58 occurred in these extracts, it is possible that CCK-58 is the predominant molecule form in the rat small intestine. PMID- 3247250 TI - Species-specific effects of bombesin on gastric emptying and neurohypophyseal secretion. AB - Previous reports have demonstrated that systemic injection of cholecystokinin (CCK) in rats produces dose-related decreases in food intake, increases in neurohypophyseal secretion of oxytocin (OT), and decreases in gastric emptying. The present studies determined whether systemic injection of bombesin (BBS), another peptide that potently reduces food intake in rats, had similar effects on OT secretion and gastric emptying. Although BBS produces a dose-dependent inhibition of food intake, even very high doses did not significantly affect plasma OT levels and only slightly decreased rates of gastric emptying. Consequently, despite their similar inhibitory effects on food intake, BBS does not appear to activate the same network of central nervous system pathways as does CCK in rats. However, parallel studies in monkeys demonstrated that systemic injection of BBS was effective in stimulating neurohypophyseal secretion of vasopressin rather than OT, in a pattern both qualitatively and quantitatively analogous to the effects of CCK in this species. Together with previous findings that BBS more potently inhibits gastric emptying in primates than in rats, these results therefore also suggest the presence of significant species differences in the central mechanisms by which BBS acts to reduce food intake. PMID- 3247251 TI - Antagonism of morphine analgesia by CCK-8-S does not extend to all assays nor all opiate analgesics. AB - The conditions under which CCK-8-S may block opiate-induced analgesia were examined in detail. A U-shaped dose-response relationship was observed for the ability of CCK-8-S to attenuate (by approximately 50%, at most) morphine-induced tail flick analgesia. The analgesic effects of morphine in the hot plate or acetic acid-induced stretching tests were not altered by CCK-8-S at doses that antagonized morphine in the tail flick test. Tail flick latency elevations induced by meptazinol, a putative mu-1 receptor agonist, were also attenuated by CCK-8-S according to a U-shaped dose-response relationship, but those induced by U-50,488, a kappa agonist, were not antagonized by CCK-8-S doses that attenuated morphine analgesia. Thus, the ability of CCK-8-S to antagonize opiate analgesia does not follow a conventional dose-response relationship, does not extend to all tests of analgesia and may not extend to all opioid drugs. Analgesia mediated by the mu-1 opioid receptor subtype may be more amenable to antagonism by CCK-8-S than that mediated by the kappa receptor subtype. PMID- 3247253 TI - Effects of DGAVP on verbal memory. AB - Effects of DGAVP (desglycinamide-arginine-vasopressin, a synthetic vasopressin analog) on verbal memory were investigated in 13 healthy male volunteers. Ten word lists, each consisting of 15 words, were presented to the subjects who had to recall them according to a free recall paradigm. The total number of recalled words was not different between DGAVP and placebo treatment; but DGAVP had an effect on memory performance depending on the serial position of the words. It attenuated the primacy effect and enhanced the recency effect of memory performance. The pattern of changes after DGAVP may be consistent with an effect of the peptide on general arousal. Since the experiment was not designed to test influences of DGAVP on arousal, these considerations remain tentative. PMID- 3247252 TI - Hindlimb paralytic effects of arginine vasopressin and related peptides following spinal subarachnoid injection in the rat. AB - Intrathecal (IT) injection of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in rats caused a transient (less than 30 min), dose-related paralysis of the hindlimbs, loss of hindlimb and tail nociceptive responsiveness, and increased mean arterial pressure. Motor dysfunction was produced with comparable potency by lysine vasopressin (LVP) and arginine vasotocin (AVT); oxytocin (OXY) was approximately 1000 times less potent. Paralysis induced by these peptides was selectively blocked following IT pretreatment with 0.5 nmoles of the vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid), 2-(O methyl)tyrosine] Arg8-vasopressin (d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me2)]AVP). Pressor and antinociceptive responses to AVP were also blocked by this compound. However, at higher doses (2-5 nmoles, IT), d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me2)]AVP produced hindlimb paralysis, antinociception, and pressor responses by itself. In contrast to the fiber degeneration, cell loss, and necrosis found in lumbosacral cords of rats persistently paralyzed by other peptides (dynorphin A, somatostatin, and ICI 174864), neuropathological changes were not evident in spinal cords of rats transiently paralyzed by IT AVP. These results indicate that AVP-related peptides affected diverse spinal cord functions through interactions with a V1-like receptor. The similar pattern of cardiovascular and antinociceptive responses to other peptides (dynorphin A, somatostatin, and ICI 174864), which also caused hindlimb paralysis, suggests that the former responses may actually reflect the nonselective consequences of a peptide-induced disruption of spinal cord function, rather than specific shared pharmacological effects. PMID- 3247254 TI - Neurotensin perfused in hypothalamus of sated or fasted rat: HPLC analysis of release of DA, NE and 5-HT and their metabolites. AB - This investigation was undertaken in the unrestrained rat to determine the localized effect of neurotensin (NT) on the profile of release and turnover of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) within the hypothalamus. Following stereotaxic implantation of a permanent guide tube, artificial CSF was perfused in the hypothalamus of the freely moving animal by means of push-pull cannulae at a rate of 20 microliters/min and for an interval of 5.0 min. After three 5.0 min control samples were collected, NT in a concentration of 0.1 micrograms/microliter was perfused followed by additional CSF controls. Assay by HPLC-EC of each perfusate showed that when the rat was sated, NT evoked a significant increase in the release of DA and DOPAC from the hypothalamus as well as augmented NE turnover, as reflected by a significant efflux in MHPG. However, when the rat was fasted for 22 hr, the perfusion of NT reduced DA and DOPAC concentrations in the diencephalic perfusate significantly as well as levels of both MHPG and VMA. Under both sated and fasted conditions, NT failed to produce notable changes in the release of 5-HT or its metabolism to 5-HIAA. These findings thus reveal a functional interaction between NT and both of the catecholamine neurotransmitters within hypothalamic neurons, which is clearly dependent upon the nutritional status of the animal. PMID- 3247255 TI - Neuropeptide Y: behavioral effects in the golden hamster. AB - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is found abundantly in nervous tissues of vertebrate species including the golden hamster. Centrally-administered NPY has been reported to elicit ingestive behaviors in the rat, squirrel, pig, mouse, and chick. To assess NPY's behavioral effects in a New World rodent that does not increase food intake after deprivation, NPY was injected intracerebroventricularly (10.0-0.04 micrograms/5 microliter) in home-caged golden hamsters with ad lib access to food, water and 5% w/v ethanol solution. Food and fluid intakes, and behavior displays were monitored after NPY injection. NPY promptly increased short-term food intake and observed feeding behaviors at 10.0, 3.3, 1.1, and 0.37 micrograms NPY, but there was no effect on 24 hr food intake. Water and ethanol intakes were increased only at 10.0 and 0.37 micrograms NPY, respectively. Resting behaviors decreased at NPY doses that increased feeding, but there were no consistent effects of NPY on any other category of behavior. Results demonstrate that NPY potently stimulates short-term food intake and decreases resting behavior in the golden hamster. The lack of compensatory food intake in deprived hamsters cannot be explained as an insensitivity to the putative orexigenic function of endogenous neuropeptide Y. PMID- 3247256 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of angiotensin-(1-7) in the rat forebrain. AB - Recent findings by this group have led us to reconsider the view that amino (N-) terminal fragments of angiotensin (Ang) II are inactive degradation products of renin-angiotensin system. To further examine this possibility, an antibody to Ang (1-7), the N-terminal heptapeptide, was produced to demonstrate the neuroanatomical distribution of the rat brain. Ang-(1-7)-immunoreactivity was found in paraventricular, supraoptic, and suprachiasmatic nuclei, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, substantia innominata, median eminence, and neurohypophysis. This distribution of Ang-(1-7) in the rat forebrain, together with our previous demonstrations of vasopressin secretion in response to this peptide, suggest that Ang-(1-7) functions as a neuromodulator. PMID- 3247257 TI - Synthetic peptide analogs to barnacle settlement pheromone. AB - Barnacle pheromone enhances the rate of settlement and metamorphosis of larvae of Balanus amphitrite Darwin. Analogs to the heterogenous pheromone peptides were sought. Settlement assays were used to assess both the pheromone and the potential analogs. The pheromone has a lower threshold of activity at a concentration of 0.2 micrograms BSA protein equivalence l-1. Treatment with carboxypeptidase eliminates biological activity. Series of dipeptides were tested to determine if dipeptides could promote settlement. Combinations of acidic, neutral, and basic amino acids in dipeptides were examined. Specific small peptides can mimic barnacle pheromone. Only peptides with a basic carboxy terminal amino acid and either a neutral or a basic amino-terminal amino acid enhance settlement. Six peptides were shown to mimic pheromone activity at concentrations comparable to the native molecule. Some peptides were more potent than others. The most effective peptides were L-leucyl-L-arginine and L-histidyl L-lysine which had a lower threshold of settlement enhancement of 2.0 x 10(-10) M and caused a 130% increase in settlement rate at 2.0 x 10(-8) M. Glycyl-glycyl-L arginine, glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, L-leucyl-glycyl-L-arginine and L-tyrosyl-L arginine had thresholds between 2.0 x 10(-8) M and 2.0 x 10(-9) M. Peptide pheromone analogs should be useful in determining the nature and mechanism of barnacle pheromone receptor interactions. PMID- 3247258 TI - [Interferon as an antineoplastic drug]. PMID- 3247259 TI - [Solid tumors as secondary neoplasms in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3247260 TI - [Evaluation of the results of treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children by the Wollner method]. PMID- 3247261 TI - [Early deaths and intensification of the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3247262 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among the cases of the Institute of Pediatrics, Polish Academy of Medicine]. PMID- 3247263 TI - [A case of lymphoma of a higher stage of malignancy treated with cytostatics and interferon]. PMID- 3247264 TI - [Coexistence and risk of secondary neoplasms in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3247265 TI - [Primary vascular diseases of the liver in adults]. PMID- 3247266 TI - [Evaluation of hepatic blood supply in obesity]. PMID- 3247267 TI - [Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in patients hospitalized earlier at departments of non-infectious diseases]. PMID- 3247268 TI - [Effects of metanabol and training on liver function and selected biochemical indicators of the blood and urine in weight lifters]. PMID- 3247269 TI - [Test for sucrose and salivary lactates]. PMID- 3247270 TI - [Teleradiographic study of the referential occlusal plane determined by piezography in phonation and tongue function]. PMID- 3247271 TI - [Thumbsucking]. PMID- 3247272 TI - A quantitative method of evaluating the diuretic response to furosemide in rats. AB - Furosemide effects are usually evaluated by measuring the urinary excretion rate of Na+ (UVNa) in humans. In the present study, however, UVNa showed a nonlinear relationship with urine flow rate after intravenous injection of furosemide in rats. In contrast, when the urinary excretion rate of (Na+ + K+) (UVNa + K) was plotted against the urine flow rate, a linear regression line was observed, with small interindividual variations in normal rats and in rats with uranyl nitrate induced acute renal failure (ARF). Piretanide, a loop diuretic, also showed a similar relationship, while other types of diuretics revealed different slope values for the relationship. Although the urinary excretion rate of Cl- (UVCl) vs UVNa + K is expected to show a linear relationship in normal rats, the correlation coefficient of the linear regression line was smaller than that of the urine flow rate vs UVNa + K. Further, the slope of UVCl vs UVNa + K was slightly different in ARF rats. Therefore, UVNa + K provides a better quantitative measure of diuretic response to loop diuretics than UVNa or UVCl. PMID- 3247273 TI - Urinary excretion and diuretic action of furosemide in rats: increased response to the urinary excretion rate of furosemide in rats with acute renal failure. AB - A urinary excretion-response curve representing the urinary excretion rate of furosemide versus the urinary excretion rate of (Na+ + K+) was used to analyze furosemide action in rats with uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure (ARF) with and without dopamine coadministration. Urinary excretion of furosemide, but not its serum concentration, was the determinant for the diuretic action of furosemide. Increased diuretic response was observed in ARF rats, although the total diuretic response and urinary recovery of furosemide within 2 hr decreased. Dopamine enhanced furosemide-induced diuresis in ARF rats in terms of the total urine output and urinary electrolyte excretion, although the urinary excretion response curves were not different. This enhancement by dopamine was found to be caused by the augmented urinary excretion of furosemide and the increased response to this drug in ARF rats. These findings suggest the contribution of decreased concentrating ability along the nephron and/or increased sensitivity of cells at the site of action to this drug. PMID- 3247274 TI - Micellar solubilization of timobesone acetate in aqueous and aqueous propylene glycol solutions of nonionic surfactants. AB - The micellar solubilization of timobesone acetate, a novel topical corticosteroid, was studied in aqueous and aqueous propylene glycol solutions of 1 to 5% nonionic surfactants at 25 degrees C. The surfactants used were polyoxyethylene (POE) sorbitan monofatty acid esters (polysorbates), fatty acid esters (Myrj), and fatty alcohol ethers (Brij), as well as sucrose monolaurate (Crodesta SL40). The increase in the solubility of timobesone acetate in the micellar solutions was dependent on the type and concentration of surfactant. The solubilizing capacity of the surfactant micelles and the distribution coefficient of timobesone acetate in aqueous micellar solutions were found (1) to increase with increasing length of the hydrophobic fatty acid group; (2) to increase according to the structure of the hydrophilic group in the order of POE sorbitan ester, sucrose ester, POE ester, and POE ether; (3) to be unaffected by the increase in POE chain length; and (4) to tend to decrease in surfactant containing unsaturated fatty acid groups. In aqueous propylene glycol solution, the solubilizing capacity increased slightly, i.e., up to 1.5-fold in 50% propylene glycol solution, for the ester-type surfactants (polysorbates and Myrj). But this increase was not observed in the ether-type surfactant (Brij) solution. The distribution coefficient decreased logarithmically with increasing concentrations of propylene glycol in the solution. This was caused by the logarithmic increase in the timobesone acetate solubility in the bulk phase, while the solubility in the micellar phase was practically unchanged. The results support the equilibrium distribution model of micellar solubilization. PMID- 3247275 TI - Determination of amiodarone hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations by derivative UV spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AB - Assay procedures based on derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been developed for the specific determination of amiodarone hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The use of first- and second-order derivative spectrophotometry was found to have suppressed the background absorption from the excipients with comparable accuracy and precision to the reversed-phased HPLC reference method. A conventional UV absorption method (lambda = 242 nm) is subject to possible interference by formulation excipients. PMID- 3247276 TI - Amorphous water-soluble cyclodextrin derivatives: 2-hydroxyethyl, 3 hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxyisobutyl, and carboxamidomethyl derivatives of beta cyclodextrin. AB - The pharmaceutical usefulness of natural, crystalline cyclodextrins can be improved by chemical conversions into water-soluble, amorphous mixtures of their derivatives. Reaction of beta-cyclodextrin with 2-chloroethanol, 3 chloropropanol, isobutylene oxide, or iodoacetamide yielded the title compounds. Distributions of the substitution degree were close to symmetrical and relatively narrow. The average substitution degrees increased with the amount of alkylating reagent used in the preparation. The number of components (half-width of distribution) increased with increasing average substitution degree. Further, distributions of the substitution degree were measured in glucose derivatives after hydrolysis of 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, and 2-hydroxyisobutyl-beta cyclodextrin. The results show an uneven distribution of substituents around the cyclodextrins, suggesting that growth of oligoglycol side chains and/or clustering of substituents on one glucose residue occurs. PMID- 3247277 TI - Thermal behavior of poly hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) hydrogels. AB - The freezing and melting behavior of water in poly hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) hydrogels of different cross-linker and water contents was investigated in relation to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the gels. After prolonged cooling at -15 degrees C a constant amount of 1.7 mol water per monomeric unit did not freeze, regardless of both the cross-linker and the water content of the gels. At this water content and temperature, pHEMA gels were below their Tg, and the water molecules were prevented from diffusing to the ice crystals formed in the gel. Therefore, the inability of part of the water in pHEMA gels to freeze is not a thermodynamic phenomenon but is caused by kinetic factors. PMID- 3247278 TI - Experimental confirmation of the change of water structure in the critical range of micelle formation: a new method of critical micelle concentration (CMC) determination. AB - The decrease in the water structure in the critical range of micelle formation, which had been deduced theoretically, was confirmed by means of a new determination method. The method was based upon the dependence of the gelatin helicity on the water structure and the correlation between the helix-coil equilibrium and the disintegration of gelatin microcapsules. The significant rise in the disintegration rate, indicating a decay of water structure, represents also a new method of critical micelle concentration (CMC) determination. PMID- 3247280 TI - Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and cytotoxicity of a series of 5'-ester prodrugs of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. AB - Five aliphatic 5'-esters of 5-iodo-2'deoxyuridine (IDU) were synthesized via an acid chloride alcoholysis reaction. The solubility in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, lipophilicity as determined by partition experiments in octanol/pH 7.4 buffer, and cytotoxicity of these potential prodrugs were evaluated. The esters showed a 43- to 250-fold increase in lipophilicity and a 1.6- to 14-fold decrease in aqueous solubility relative to IDU. At a concentration of 50 microM, all esters showed reduced cytotoxicity toward uninfected Vero cells relative to IDU. PMID- 3247279 TI - The reversibility of absorption promoter interaction with red blood cell membranes studied with differential scanning calorimetry. AB - Absorption promoters, or adjuvants, are used to enhance the gastrointestinal absorption of poorly absorbed drugs such as macromolecules. In the present work, adjuvant-membrane interactions have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using red blood cell (RBC) membranes as model membrane. These interactions caused temperature shifts, amplitude changes, and broadening of the RBC transitions. Because more than one transition may be simultaneously affected by a given adjuvant, complex overlappings occur. Gaussian modeling and nonlinear regression analysis, therefore, were used to resolve these transitions. A correlation, which may serve as an indicator of adjuvant potency, was found between adjuvant concentration and induced transition temperature shifts. Further, these shifts recovered to baseline after successive washings with buffer (for most adjuvants). Sodium lauryl sulfate induced transition alterations, however, never recovered. Thus the DSC might be useful in monitoring reversible adjuvant-membrane interactions. PMID- 3247282 TI - Renal excretion and metabolism of p-aminohippurate in the isolated perfused rat kidney. PMID- 3247281 TI - Effects of dithiothreitol and ascorbate on the penetration of diclofenac across excised rat dorsal skin. AB - The penetration of diclofenac through excised rat dorsal skin was found to be poor. Treatment of the skin with a reductant such as dithiothreitol or ascorbate increased the permeability of the skin to diclofenac, along with an increase in the protein thiol content of the stripped skin surface tissue. An increase in protein thiol content may increase the hydration capability of the stratum corneum. PMID- 3247283 TI - Exogenous methemoglobin as a cyanide antidote in rats. AB - The effects of the administration of methemoglobin (MetHb) prepared in vitro were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats given increasing doses of potassium cyanide (KCN). Median lethal dose (LD50) studies were conducted by giving intraperitoneal injections of KCN (in 0.3- to 0.5-ml volumes), then 2 min later administering intravenous (iv) doses of 1000, 1500, or 2500 mg/kg of MetHb through the tail vein. Control rats received an equivalent volume of saline. The resulting LD50 values for KCN were 7.4 +/- 1.1, 11.7 +/- 1.1, 13.9 +/- 1.0, and 14.2 +/- 1.0 mg/kg (mean +/- SD) for the control (no MetHb) and 1000-, 1500-, and 2500-mg/kg dose groups, respectively. Additional groups of rats were given 1000, 1500, or 2500 mg/kg MetHb and submitted for necropsy. The gross finding of darkened kidneys was present in both dose groups, but became consistent and more prominent in the 2500-mg/kg dose group. Evidence of pathologic changes was not present in other organs. Single-dose pharmacokinetic studies were conducted using iv doses of 1600 and 2500 mg/kg MetHb. The elimination half-life was similar in both doses (62.6 min), but the volume of distribution (95.3 +/- 7.2 and 126.3 +/- 5.2 ml/kg, mean +/- SE) and clearance (1.1 +/- 0.1 and 1.5 +/- 0.1 ml/min/kg) were significantly different (P less than 0.05) for the 1600- and 2500-mg/kg dose groups, respectively. From these data we conclude that although MetHb is cleared from the vascular system rapidly, it may be an effective and nontoxic antidote for doses of cyanide up to twice that of the control LD50. PMID- 3247284 TI - Physicochemical aspects of percutaneous penetration and its enhancement. AB - The classic diffusion model-based interpretation of percutaneous absorption is compared to a simple kinetic analysis. The physicochemical significance and the major deductions of the two approaches are shown to be in general agreement. In particular, the effect of penetrant oil/water partition coefficient on transdermal flux is consistently predicted by the two models. Diffusional and kinetic assessments of skin penetration enhancement are then shown to reveal similar dependencies upon penetrant physical chemistry. It is demonstrated that the requirements for successful promotion of a lipophilic drug's transdermal flux are quite different from those necessary for a hydrophilic penetrant. Finally, in light of published transport data and our increased comprehension of the stratum corneum barrier function, the evidence for (and significance of) different absorption paths across the stratum corneum is considered. In addition, the impact of penetrant "size" on transport is addressed. It is argued that currently held beliefs concerning (i) a putative "polar" route through the stratum corneum and (ii) the dependence of flux on molecular weight warrant considerable further attention before their unequivocal acceptance is appropriate. PMID- 3247285 TI - In vitro and in vivo studies evaluating a liposome system for drug solubilization. AB - A liposome system was developed which demonstrates suitability as an intravenous drug carrier for a lipophilic drug compound (RS-93522, a dihydropyridine CA2+ channel blocker). An aqueous phospholipid suspension was employed as a nontoxic solubilizing vehicle for this drug. The liposome formulation, composed of a 3% mixture of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol, produced a physically and chemically stable preparation which solubilized the lipophilic drug compound at a concentration 500 times above its intrinsic aqueous solubility. Characterizing the liposome-drug system by gel filtration chromatography showed that the drug comigrated with the lipid constituents of the liposome. Further in vitro studies established that the liposome-RS-93522 formulation allowed for rapid and complete transfer of the drug from the liposome to bind with albumin when added to human serum. In vivo studies with rats were performed in which the pharmacokinetics of the liposomal-RS-93522 system were compared to those of a cosolvent-solubilized RS-93522 solution. This study showed that the pharmacokinetic profiles of the two solutions were identical. All the evidence indicates that a liposome formulation of this type does not alter the distribution of the drug in serum and is, therefore, not likely to affect the intrinsic pharmacological or toxicological parameters of the drug relative to the conventional solvent/excipient-containing formulation. This liposome system demonstrates utility as a biocompatible, nontoxic drug delivery vehicle. PMID- 3247286 TI - Preformulation stability studies of the new dipeptide angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor RS-10029. AB - The degradation kinetics, products, and mechanisms of RS-10029 (2), 2-[2-[(1 carboxylic acid)-3-phenylpropyl]amino-1-oxopropyl] 6,7-dimethoxy- 1,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (S,S,S), in aqueous solutions from pH 1 to pH 13 were studied at 50, 60, and 80 degrees C. Pseudo-first-order kinetics were obtained throughout the entire pH range studied, and the log(rate)-pH profile reflected four kinetic processes (ko, k'o, k"o, and kOH) as well as the three pka's of 2. Excellent mass balance (greater than 96%) was obtained for the four major products 3-6 throughout the entire pH range studied even though four other minor products can be detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At pH 8.0 and below, intramolecular aminolysis leading to diketopiperazine (DKP) 5 accounted for greater than 65% of the neutral or water catalyzed (ko and k'o) processes. Amide hydrolysis leading to products 3 and 4 and epimerization of DKP 5 to the (R,S,S) diastereomer 6 accounted for the remaining 35% of the neutral or water catalyzed processes. At pH values above 8.0, DKP 5 formation begins to decrease as the amide hydrolysis increases so that both mechanisms account for the neutral or water-catalyzed k"o process. Above pH 11.0 amide hydrolysis dominates and is responsible for the specific base catalyzed (kOH) process. The four minor products detected by HPLC are two diastereomers (7 and 8) of 2 and the two diastereomers (9 and 10) of the DKP 5. The stability results between 2 and its ester prodrug (1) are compared. PMID- 3247287 TI - Limiting solubilities and ionization constants of sparingly soluble compounds: determination from aqueous potentiometric titration data only. AB - A new method is described for the concomitant determination of limiting solubilities and ionization constants of sparingly soluble compounds, i.e., drugs. Aqueous potentiometric titration data were recorded both before and after precipitation of the compound and subjected to computer-assisted analysis. Limiting solubilities and ionization constants were obtained for nucleoside transport inhibitors, viz., dilazep, soluflazine, and hexobendine. The method was validated by comparison of titration results for known antidepressants with data from the literature. The procedure was found to be rapid and reliable for compounds with limiting solubilities as low as 30 microM, and it circumvents problems of direct methods for measuring limiting solubilities. PMID- 3247288 TI - The effect of compactional pressure on urease activity. AB - Jack bean urease is a proteinaceous enzyme, MW approximately 489 kD, readily soluble in water but losing activity when sheared in solution at stresses as low as 2.5 Pa. There is a need for controlled-release forms of many of the new genetically engineered peptide and polypeptide drugs with high specific activities. The simplest form of controlled release would be a sterile compressed pellet of the active component inserted subdermally. However, "activity" may be lost on compaction. Urease can be regarded as a model protein which may lose activity when sheared during compaction in the dry state. Tablets of urease weighing 100 mg were compressed over a range of pressures from 60 to 1750 MPa. No relative loss of activity would be detected following compaction at pressures up to 474 MPa. Above this limiting pressure there was a 50% loss of relative activity, evidently by a compactional effect on the protein quaternary and tertiary structures. No direct relationship was observed between stress (compactional pressure) and inactivation. PMID- 3247290 TI - Phenobarbital stability in different dosage forms: alternatives for elixirs. PMID- 3247289 TI - Enhancement of colonic drug absorption by the transcellular permeation route. AB - The effects of sodium caprate and sodium caprylate on transcellular permeation routes were examined in rats. The release of membrane phospholipids was significantly increased only by caprate, while protein release did not change from the control in the presence of caprate or caprylate, indicating that the extent of membrane disruption was insufficient to account for enhanced permeation. Using brush border membrane (BBM) vesicles prepared from colon, with their protein and lipid component labeled by fluorescent probes, the perturbing actions of caprate and caprylate toward the membrane were examined by fluorescence polarization. Caprate interacted with membrane protein and lipids, and caprylate mainly with protein, causing perturbation to the membrane. The release of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein previously included in BBM vesicles was increased by caprate but not by caprylate. These results suggest that caprate enhances permeability via the transcellular route through membrane perturbation. PMID- 3247291 TI - Transdermal controlled administration of indomethacin. I. Enhancement of skin permeability. AB - It was observed experimentally that indomethacin delivered in an aqueous suspension has a greater skin permeation rate in an ionized form than in a nonionized form. In this investigation, a matrix-type transdermal drug delivery system was developed to deliver indomethacin molecules in nonionized form. The skin permeation rate of nonionized indomethacin molecules from this system could be substantially improved by incorporating skin permeation enhancers, such as straight-chained alkanols, alkanoic acids, and esters. These enhancers form microreservoirs with indomethacin in the lipophilic silicone polymer matrix. By varying the alkyl chain length of alkanol, alkanoic acid, and its ester, the concentration of permeation enhancer, or the loading dose of indomethacin in the polymer matrix, the skin permeation rate of nonionized indomethacin molecules can be enhanced by as much as 30 times, which is almost sevenfold greater than the rate for ionized indomethacin molecules. PMID- 3247292 TI - Enantiospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of baclofen and its fluoro analogue in biological material. AB - A method is described for the quantification of baclofen enantiomers in biological material (urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid). The samples were extracted by liquid-solid extraction using Sep-Pak C18 cartridges. The subsequent derivatization procedure contained two separate steps. (1) The butyl esters of the enantiomers were formed using butanolic hydrochloric acid (followed by ion pair extraction of the intermediate products). (2) A chiral derivatization was then performed using S-(+)-naproxen chloride as reagent. S-(+)-Benoxaprofen chloride can also be used. The diastereomeric amides were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a silica gel column (mobile phase, n hexane/dichloromethane/ethanol; detection, fluorescence measurement at 335/365 nm). The described procedure was also used for the quantification of the fluoro analogue of baclofen. Urinary excretion of baclofen enantiomers was investigated in two healthy volunteers after p.o. administration. PMID- 3247293 TI - Naltrexone-3-salicylate (a prodrug of naltrexone): synthesis and pharmacokinetics in dogs. AB - Naltrexone-3-salicylate (3), a prodrug of naltrexone (1), was prepared by a simple procedure from naltrexone-3-acetylsalicylate (2). The plasma (dog and human) hydrolysis half-life of 3 was found to be approximately 30 min. Compound 2 was previously shown to hydrolyze in dog and human plasma with a fast deacetylation step to 3, followed by slower hydrolysis of 3 to 1 (t1/2, approximately 30 min). Oral naltrexone bioavailability was greatly improved (approximately 30-fold) after oral administration of 3 to dogs, similar to the improvement observed after oral administration of 2. The half-life of naltrexone in dogs after oral administration of 3 was similar to that observed after oral administration of 2 (approximately 1 hr). PMID- 3247294 TI - Transdermal delivery of isoproterenol HCl: an investigation of stability, solubility, partition coefficient, and vehicle effects. AB - Effects of solubility, partition coefficient, and selected adjuvants (propylene glycol and Azone) on percutaneous penetration of isoproterenol HCl have been investigated using human cadaver skin. Isoproterenol was found to be stable (less than 1% decomposition) for 24 hr at 22 +/- 0.5 degrees C in the pH range 1 to 7 in the following solvents: water, normal saline, propylene glycol and a series of propylene glycol-water mixtures (10, 20, 40, and 60%; v/v); however, decomposition was significant beyond pH 8. In normal saline, the rate of decomposition increased significantly with an increase in temperature to 37 degrees C. The solubility of isoproterenol HCl decreased and its skin/vehicle partition coefficient increased with increasing proportions of propylene glycol in the vehicle, while the product of the solubility and partition coefficient appeared to plateau at 20% propylene glycol in water. Optimal penetration enhancing effects of Azone were seen when incorporated at a concentration of 1% (v/v) in the 20% (v/v) propylene glycol-water blend and, more significantly, when skin was pretreated with pure Azone for 60 min prior to application of the drug formulation. PMID- 3247295 TI - Stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay of flurbiprofen in biological specimens. PMID- 3247296 TI - Pharmacokinetic analysis of the enantiomeric inversion of chiral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. AB - Equations describing plasma concentration-time courses of the individual enantiomers of chiral 2-arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were derived from a general model. The model assumes first-order absorption and elimination of the enantiomers with presystemic and/or systemic R-to-S enantiomeric inversion. Utilizing reported pharmacokinetic parameters, plasma concentrations of the enantiomers of ibuprofen (IB) were simulated. In the case of presystemic inversion, S:R plasma concentration ratios remained constant after an initial rise; the ratio progressively increased with time, however, when systemic inversion was assumed. Under the assumption of simultaneous systemic and presystemic inversion, the increase in the ratio in the postabsorptive phase was preceded by a steeper increase during absorption. Furthermore, it was shown that perturbation of IB absorption from the gastrointestinal tract may serve as an important discriminative measure for identification of the inversion site. For systemic and presystemic inversions, negative and positive sigmoidal relationships, respectively, were observed between the S:R concentration ratio 5 hr after drug administration and the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration. The applicability of the model to previously reported IB data is discussed. PMID- 3247298 TI - Oxygen diffusion coefficients in commonly used topical semisolid creams. AB - The objective of this paper is to determine oxygen diffusion coefficients, permeabilities, and solubilities in a commonly used o/w topical ointment (similar to USP XXI hydrophilic ointment) and four commercial 1% anthralin creams. A new method developed by Ju and Ho in 1986 by applying a coupled steady-state and unsteady-state analysis for oxygen diffusion through a thin layer of test material on the surface of a membrane-covered polarographic oxygen electrode was used in the study. The results indicate that oxygen diffusion coefficients decrease with an increasing petrolatum concentration in o/w topical creams. The oxygen diffusion coefficients in four commercial creams containing 1% of extremely oxygen-sensitive anthralin were also determined using the same method. The information generated in this study can lead to a better understanding of the diffusion transport mechanism of oxygen in the topical creams and, thus, be useful to the formulation design of oxygen-sensitive drugs in semisolid dosage forms intended for topical, ophthalmic, and parenteral use. PMID- 3247299 TI - Genes and the pharmaceutical sciences. PMID- 3247300 TI - Role of phosphatidylserine in the cellular and subcellular lung distribution of quinidine in rats. AB - The role of phosphatidylserine in the cellular and subcellular lung distribution of quinidine was investigated in rats, since quinidine was found to bind preferentially to phosphatidylserine. The concentration of phosphatidylserine in the cellular and subcellular fractions was determined after separation by two dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Selective accumulation of quinidine in vivo was observed in the alveolar macrophage at the cellular level and in the plasma membrane at the subcellular level. Both alveolar macrophages and plasma membranes were rich in phosphatidylserine compared to other fractions. When plasma levels were kept at steady state by i.v. infusion, the distribution of quinidine in the lung cellular and subcellular fractions was linearly correlated with the concentration of phosphatidylserine (r = 0.906). These results suggest that the concentration of phosphatidylserine is a dominant determinant of the cellular and subcellular lung distribution of quinidine. PMID- 3247297 TI - Development of acute tolerance to bumetanide: constant-rate infusion studies. AB - Bumetanide was administered intravenously to four mongrel dogs as a bolus of 8.7 micrograms/kg, immediately followed by a constant-rate infusion of 0.35 microgram/min/kg at 0.036 ml/min. Treatment A consisted of a 90-min equilibration period and first hour (Phase I) of study in which animals were maintained under euvolemic conditions. During the subsequent 3 hr of Treatment A (Phase II), animals were maintained under hydropenic conditions. These experiments were then repeated 1 week later (Treatment B) with the temporal aspects of hydration reversed (Phase III, hydropenia; Phase IV, euvolemia). Serial plasma and urine samples were assayed for bumetanide by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and for sodium by flame photometry. The bumetanide excretion rate was not significantly different during the 4 hr of Treatment A, although minor differences were observed between Phase III and Phase IV of Treatment B. The sodium excretion rate showed significant differences between euvolemic and hydropenic conditions of both treatments. A two- to threefold difference in the sodium excretion rate persisted even when slight differences (less than 20%) in bumetanide excretion rates were taken into account. These results demonstrate that an acute tolerance does develop to constant-rate infusions of bumetanide when inadequate fluid and electrolyte replacement occurs and that this tolerance can be reversed by rehydration. PMID- 3247301 TI - Capillary gas chromatography and thermionic N-P-specific detection of 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) or 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) in stability and pharmacokinetic studies. AB - An expedient, rapid, and sensitive capillary gas chromatographic method for the analysis of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) or 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3 cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) in plasma is described. Separation of the underivatized nitrosourea compounds was performed on a 0.33-mm-i.d., 25-m fused silica, SE-30 capillary column, and detection was carried out using a thermionic N-P-specific detector. The compounds were extracted from plasma with benzene with a yield of greater than 87%. The assay was linear in the ranges of 0.001 to 0.5 and 0.5 to 25 micrograms/ml for CCNU or 0.003 to 0.50 and 0.5 to 25 micrograms/ml for BCNU, with correlation coefficients from 0.9914 to 0.9999 and coefficients of variation (CV) of less than 3.3%. Other antineoplastic agents did not interfere in the assay. The method was employed to study the pharmacokinetics of BCNU in rabbits. The plasma concentration-time curves were fit to a two-compartment model with a mean (SE) alpha, beta, and total-body clearance of 2.898 (0.913) hr-1, 0.1228 (0.0179) hr-1, and 7.211 (2.862) liters/hr.kg, respectively. Further, the stability of BCNU and CCNU in solution was examined at different temperatures. Both compounds were stable in benzene or acetone (4 to 37 degrees C) but labile in plasma even if refrigerated. The apparent rate constants for degradation of BCNU and CCNU were 0.09921 and 0.02853 hr-1 at 4 degrees C and 5.998 and 2.553 hr 1 at 37 degrees C, respectively. PMID- 3247303 TI - Antimuscarinic effects of (R)- and (S)- oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride. AB - The (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-enantiomers of the anticholinergic compound, oxyphencyclimine, were synthesized from (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-2-cyclohexyl-2 hydroxy-2-phenylethanoic acid, respectively. The potencies of the enantiomers were compared using a cholinergic receptor binding assay. The (R)-(+)-enantiomer inhibited binding 29 times more potently than the (S)-(-)-enantiomer. PMID- 3247302 TI - The stability and solubility of progabide and its related metabolic derivatives. AB - The stability-pH profile of the gamma-aminobutyric acid prodrug. Progabide, was found to be bell shaped, with maximum stability occurring at pH 6 to 7 with a t1/2 of 126 min. Of its metabolic derivatives, the deamidated product PGA degraded in a similar fashion to Progabide, whereas the hydrolytic degradation product SL79.182 was, a expected, a stable compound. Progabide behaved as a typical weak base, with its solubility increasing with a decrease in pH. SL79.182 behaved as a typical phenolic weak acid, with its solubility increasing with an increase in pH. Both compounds displayed low intrinsic solubilities of 14.5 x 10( 5) M for Progabide and 33.4 x 10(-6) M for SL79.182. An increase in temperature resulted in an increase in the solubility but a decrease in the stability of Progabide. The data obtained indicate that the gastric pH and gastric emptying rate will have a profound effect on the oral bioavailability of Progabide. PMID- 3247305 TI - Interpretation of drug stability testing. PMID- 3247304 TI - ABSPLOTS: a LOTUS 123 spreadsheet for calculating and plotting drug absorption rates. PMID- 3247307 TI - Electrode material in iontophoresis. PMID- 3247306 TI - Approaches to drug stability. PMID- 3247309 TI - Hygroscopicity of cefazolin sodium: application to evaluate the crystallinity of freeze-dried products. AB - The hygroscopicity behavior of the pentahydrate, monohydrate, amorphous, and dehydrated forms of solid cefazolin sodium (CEZ) was studied under different relative humidity (RH) conditions. Between 42 and 86% RH, the pentahydrate (alpha form), the monohydrate, and their dehydrated forms absorbed atmospheric moisture equivalent to their hydrate numbers. The pentahydrate demonstrated a hysteresis effect at 15 and 31% RH. On the other hand, the water content of the amorphous form increased linearly with increases in RH. The noncrystalline state was maintained below 56% RH. For the dehydrated alpha form there was a distinct birefringence when viewed under polarizing light, the X-ray diffraction pattern was weak and diffuse, and the infrared (IR) spectra were discernibly different from that of the amorphous form. The freeze-dried CEZ showed hygroscopic behavior almost similar to that of the dehydrated alpha form. Two-component mixtures of various CEZ forms showed a linear relationship between the water content and the mixing ratio when stored at 31, 42, and 56% RH. From the hygroscopicity data, the crystallinity of freeze-dried CEZ could be estimated as the percentage of the dehydrated alpha form. PMID- 3247310 TI - Estimation of the degree of crystallinity of cefazolin sodium by X-ray and infrared methods. AB - The pentahydrate (alpha form) of cefazolin sodium (CEZ) exhibited sharp X-ray diffraction peaks, while the dehydrated alpha form showed weak but distinct diffraction peaks. As expected the amorphous form exhibited a diffuse and halo diffraction pattern. The X-ray procedure to estimate the degree of crystallinity of CEZ was based upon the measurement of the total scattering and the scattering from the crystalline region of the drug. The major difference in the infrared (IR) spectra among the three forms of CEZ was the absence of a spectral band at 1542 cm-1 in the amorphous form. The IR procedure was based upon the measurement of the peak percentage area ratio between the bands at 1542 and 1760 cm-1, where the latter was used as a normalizing peak. The degree of crystallinity of CEZ samples, obtained by either freeze-drying aqueous CEZ solutions or storing the crystalline forms under different humidity conditions, was determined by these two methods. Although the correlation of results by the two methods was good, the X-ray procedure appears to be superior since it can differentiate among the three solid CEZ forms, whereas IR could distinguish between only crystalline and amorphous CEZ, reproducibly. PMID- 3247308 TI - Pharmacodynamics of zoxazolamine and chlorzoxazone in rats. AB - Zoxazolamine is used for the pharmacologic assessment of possible changes in oxidative enzyme activity (paralysis time test) in rodents, whereas one of its metabolites, chlorzoxazone, is used clinically as a skeletal muscle relaxant. In this investigation, the pharmacodynamics of the two compounds were characterized in normal adult rats to determine their suitability for studies of the kinetics of drug action in disease states. Upon i.v. infusion 5 min beyond the onset of loss of the righting reflex (LRR) and concomitant blood sampling, serum concentrations of either drug were higher at the onset than at the offset of LRR, suggestive of a distribution disequilibrium. When zoxazolamine was infused at three different rates to onset of LRR, the pharmacologic end point was reached in 10 to 53 min. Drug concentrations in serum and brain at onset of LRR increased with increasing infusion rate, whereas drug concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were infusion rate independent and essentially identical to CSF concentrations at offset of LRR. Similar experiments (five infusion rates) with chlorzoxazone revealed drug infusion rate dependence even of CSF concentrations at the onset of LRR; only at very slow infusion rates (onset of effect in greater than or equal to 50 min) were onset concentrations in CSF essentially equal to offset concentrations. Neither drug produced measurable metabolite concentrations in the CSF. It is concluded that zoxazolamine but not chlorzoxazone distributes rapidly between CSF and the biophase, metabolites of either drug do not contribute measurably to the pharmacologic effect, and neither drug is subject to development of functional tolerance under the experimental conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3247311 TI - Receptor binding studies of the flavone, REC 15/2053, and other bladder spasmolytics. AB - The new flavone derivative REC 15/2053, a compound with spasmolytic activity on the lower urinary tract, was examined for its in vitro interaction with alpha- and beta-noradrenergic receptors, dopaminergic, muscarinic, serotoninergic, and opiate receptors, and calcium-channel binding sites labeled with 1,4 dihydropyridines from normal rat brain. All the investigated receptors are directly or indirectly involved in the nervous control of the lower urinary tract functions. The activity of REC 15/2053 on these receptors was studied in comparison to the most common drugs used in the management of urinary bladder disorders such as flavoxate, emepronium bromide, oxybutynin, terodiline, and imipramine. REC 15/2053 showed only weak binding to [3H]nitrendipine sites (IC50 = 14 microM) and muscarinic receptors (IC50 = 18 microM), whereas flavoxate was slightly active only at muscarinic receptors (IC50 = 12.2 microM). Emepronium bromide, oxybutynin, and terodiline were active only at muscarinic receptors, with IC50 values of 236, 5.4, and 588 nM, respectively. Oxybutynin showed a weak affinity to [3H]nitrendipine binding sites (IC50 = 44.4 microM). Imipramine was active at alpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors (IC50 = 248 and 653 nM, respectively). The activity of REC 15/2053 at muscarinic receptors and 1,4 dihydropyridine binding sites seems too low to account for its mechanism of action. PMID- 3247312 TI - Evidence for the involvement of a nitrenium ion in the covalent binding of nitrofurazone to DNA. AB - We have shown that the xanthine oxidase-catalyzed anaerobic reduction of nitrofurazone in the presence of added DNA leads to the formation of covalently bound adducts. Further, by systematically decreasing the pH of the reaction mixture, we have demonstrated that generation of the reactive species is facilitated under mildly acidic conditions. From these observations, we conclude that it is the nitrenium ion formed from nitrofurazone which binds to DNA. PMID- 3247314 TI - Protein binding of cocaine in human serum. AB - The protein binding characteristics of cocaine have not been extensively studied. Since cocaine is related to other local anesthetic compounds which are highly protein bound, we examined the binding of cocaine in human serum using an ultrafiltration method. The free fraction averaged 0.083 +/- 0.018 in the serum of 12 healthy volunteers. Binding was studied at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 500 micrograms/ml and was concentration dependent, with increases being most pronounced at concentrations above 5 micrograms/ml. Two classes of binding sites were identified with affinity and capacity constants consistent with binding to alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and albumin. The addition of AAG to serum resulted in a decrease in the free fraction from 0.079 to 0.041, while tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate increased the free fraction to 0.233. The binding ratio was found to be highly correlated with the AAG concentration (r = 0.89). In addition, the predicted free fraction in the absence of AAG (0.67) was in good agreement with the observed value of 0.647 in a solution of human serum albumin (4.5 g/dl). Of the metabolites of cocaine, only norcocaine displaced the parent drug from serum binding sites. These results indicate that cocaine is highly bound to serum proteins, primarily albumin and AAG. The significance of concentration-dependent binding to cocaine toxicity remains to be established. PMID- 3247313 TI - Dextromethorphan pretreatment induces antipyrine clearance in the rat. AB - Numerous agents that undergo extensive first-pass metabolism have been shown to inhibit oxidative drug metabolism. To examine whether this effect is related to the chemical structure or pharmacokinetic characteristics of the inhibiting agent, we determined the effect of dextromethorphan (a compound which exhibits pharmacokinetic similarities to, but is chemically dissimilar from, previously studied agents) on the disposition of antipyrine. A single oral dose of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 100 mg/kg, 1 hr prior to antipyrine administration had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of this model substrate. The administration of dextromethorphan at the same dose twice daily for 3 days and an additional dose 1 hr prior to antipyrine administration resulted in a 33% increase in the clearance of antipyrine. These data indicate that dextromethorphan is capable of inducing hepatic microsomal enzymes. Studies are needed to determine if this effect also occurs upon chronic administration in humans. These data suggest that the pharmacokinetic characteristic of extensive first-pass metabolism is not necessarily associated with inhibition of drug metabolism. PMID- 3247315 TI - A new system for in vitro studies of iontophoresis. AB - This report describes a new iontophoretic diffusion cell that allows both electrodes to be applied to the same side of the same piece of skin. The cell permits a better approximation of the in vivo situation than do conventional side by-side cells. The unique construction of the cell allows nonliquid material to be applied to the skin surface and makes it possible to investigate horizontal transport paths. Preliminary results utilizing the cell are described. Iontophoretic enhancement of morphine and clonidine delivery across full thickness hairless mouse skin has been achieved. The importance of pH control in these experiments is apparent. Further experiments with morphine indicate that, for this drug at least, iontophoretically driven lateral transport within the skin is unimportant. Because the cell design allows significant parallels to the use of iontophoresis in vivo, we suggest that it will prove to be a useful tool in the determination of fundamental structure/transport relationships under the influence of an externally applied current. PMID- 3247316 TI - Teratogenic and behavioral anomalies induced by acute exposure of mice to ethanol and their possible relation to fetal brain DNA synthesis. AB - Physical and behavioral anomalies of fetal alcohol syndrome were studied after the i.p. administration of a single 3- or 6-g/kg dose of ethanol (25%, v/v) to gravid mice on either day 15 or day 18 of gestation. The physical effects of ethanol administered on either day 8, day 10, or day 12 of gestation (N = 6/group) were also examined and compared to the saline-administered controls. The identification of these anomalies and the effect of ethanol on the rate of fetal brain DNA synthesis were investigated. The physical anomalies were identified by standard procedures. Behavioral anomalies were measured as the inhibition of the development of various neonatal reflexes (N = 6-13/group) as compared to the saline-administered controls. The possible mechanism for these ethanol-induced abnormalities was identified by using [3H]thymidine to measure the rate of DNA synthesis (N = 6/group) in fetal mouse brains. Blood alcohol concentrations (N = 6/group) ranged from 410.2 mg/dl at 30 min to 25.8 mg/dl at 4.5 hr following the dosage of 3 g/kg of ethanol. Concentrations following the dosage of 6 g/kg of ethanol ranged from 753.7 mg/dl at 15 min to 127.1 mg/dl at 10.5 hr postinjection. Fetal and maternal weight gains were significantly inhibited compared to those of the controls. Various cranial facial, urogenital, skeletal, and cardiovascular anomalies were observed (P less than or equal to 0.05). Delays in the onset of the air and surface righting, visual placing, and negative geotaxis reflexes were observed for the ethanol-treated neonates, as compared to control values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3247317 TI - Absorption enhancement of rectally infused cefoxitin sodium by medium-chain fatty acids in conscious rats: concentration-effect relationship. AB - The objective of this study was to assess the relative absorption promoting potency in terms of concentration-effect relationships of the medium-chain fatty acids hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid in conscious rats, using cefoxitin sodium as the rectally delivered model compound. Rectal uptake of cefoxitin, which was absorbed to a limited extent without enhancer (30 +/- 25%), proved to be significantly enhanced by 2.0 M sodium hexanoate, 0.69 M sodium octanoate, and 0.22 M sodium decanoate, resulting in mean bioavailabilities of 102 +/- 24, 68 +/- 25, and 68 +/- 10%, respectively. Thus, increasing fatty acid chain length results in increased enhancing potency from hexanoic acid to decanoic acid. However, using dodecanoate a statistically significant effect could not be reached, because of its limited aqueous solubility. Optimal chain length for absorption enhancement by medium-chain fatty acids is probably determined by interplay of intrinsic effects on mucosal permeability and solubility of the medium-chain fatty acid. PMID- 3247318 TI - Kinetics of release from enteric-coated tablets. AB - Controlled and localized release of drugs in the intestine can be achieved by enteric coating. The design of enteric-coated tablets has so far remained empirical, in part because of the lack of a quantitative description of the drug release kinetics. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented that describes the dissolution of the polymer coating and release kinetics of weakly acidic drugs from enteric-coated tablets in buffered media. This model can also be used to predict the time of onset of core disintegration. The model assumes that the release rate is limited by diffusion, and furthermore, all the reactions are considered as reversible and instantaneous. Dissolution and reaction are assumed to take place in the polymer layer and a hypothetical stagnant liquid film adjacent to the polymer layer (the classical film theory approach). The dissolution of the enteric coating is found to depend on the intrinsic solubilities and pKa's of the drug and polymer and the medium properties. The release rate of the drug is found to depend on the intrinsic solubilities and pKa's of drug and polymer, the medium properties, i.e., pH and buffer capacity, and a mass transfer coefficient. Explicit relationships between the release rates and all these factors are derived. Successful prediction of experimental data indicates that the model provides an adequate description of release from enteric coated tablets. Limitations of the model and its potential application to the design of appropriate in vitro testing conditions and to the formulation of enteric coated tablets are also discussed. PMID- 3247319 TI - Heterogeneity effects on permeability-partition coefficient relationships in human stratum corneum. AB - The relationship between the permeability of solutes undergoing transport via the lipid pathway of the stratum corneum and the degree to which the same solutes partition into the stratum corneum has been explored by measuring the permeability coefficients and stratum corneum/water partition coefficients of a series of hydrocortisone esters varying in lipophilicity. Isolated human stratum corneum, used in both the permeability and the uptake experiments, was shown to resemble full-thickness skin in its overall resistance and selectivity to solute structure. As with full-thickness skin, delipidization destroys the barrier properties of isolated stratum corneum. Although a linear relationship is frequently assumed to exist between permeability coefficients and membrane/water partition coefficients, a log-log plot of permeability coefficients versus the intrinsic stratum corneum/water partition coefficients for the series of hydrocortisone esters studied is distinctly nonlinear. This nonlinearity arises from the fact that the transport of these solutes is rate limited by a lipid pathway in the stratum corneum, while uptake reflects both lipid and protein domains. From the relative permeability coefficients of 21-esters of hydrocortisone varying in acyl-chain structure, group contributions to the free energy of transfer of solute into the rate-limiting barrier microenvironment of the stratum corneum lipid pathway are calculate for a variety of functional groups including the -CH2-, -CONH2, -CON(CH3)2, -COOCH3, -COOH, and -OH groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3247320 TI - Solute absorption from the airways of the isolated rat lung. I. The use of absorption data to quantify drug dissolution or release in the respiratory tract. AB - Coprecipitates of fluorescein and magnesium hydroxide demonstrate delayed absorption relative to fluorescein solutions when administered to the airways of the isolated perfused rat lung (IPRL). Perfusate concentration vs time profiles showed that dissolution and not epithelial permeability was the rate-controlling factor in the airway-to-perfusate transfer process. A simple data deconvolution method was developed to determine the fluorescein release from the microparticulate coprecipitates in the airways. The deconvolution technique is generally applicable and provides values for undissolved solute remaining in the airways as a function of time provided that (a) significant binding and/or metabolism does not occur, (b) absorption from solution is apparent first order, and (c) all solid or dissolved material reaching perfused regions is absorbed within the lifetime of the preparation. Increased release rates of fluorescein occurred from precipitates containing greater starting concentrations of the dye. Dissolution profiles were similar to those that occur for log-normally distributed powders. The analysis of two unusual time profiles implied that the regional distribution of solid and dissolved material, between perfused areas and nonperfused areas, could be nonhomogeneous despite the use of a standardized dosing technique. The studies describe a method of using the IPRL with the potential to screen aerosol formulations for extended dissolution in the respiratory tract. PMID- 3247321 TI - The effects of carbidopa dose and time and route of administration on systemic L dopa levels in rats. AB - The effects of carbidopa dose and time and route of administration on systemic plasma levels of parenterally and nonparenterally administered L-dopa were examined in rats. Intravenous coadministration of L-dopa + carbidopa resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) carbidopa-dependent increases in both the area under the plasma L-dopa concentration versus time profile (AUC; +27%) and the plasma L-dopa half-life (t1/2; +35%). Simultaneous duodenal or rectal carbidopa administration did not alter the L-dopa i.v. pharmacokinetic profile. Carbidopa pretreatment significantly increased the i.v. L-dopa AUC (+38 and +82% for i.v. and duodenal pretreatments, respectively) compared to simultaneous administration. Both i.v. and duodenal carbidopa increased duodenal L-dopa AUC to a similar extent (+282 and +239% for i.v. and duodenal administration, respectively). Rectal studies indicated poor absorption of both L-dopa and carbidopa, with no demonstrable effect on plasma L-dopa. The results indicate that the timing and route of carbidopa and L-dopa administration are important in determining the extent of i.v. or duodenal L-dopa systemic availability. The rat model affords results similar to those reported in human studies and may be useful for more extensive evaluation of L-dopa and carbidopa interactions. PMID- 3247322 TI - pH-dependent swelling and solute diffusion characteristics of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogels. AB - Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogels can swell extensively in a high-pH medium where the carboxyl groups are ionized. The swelling equilibrium is a strong function of the methacrylic acid composition of the polymer and pH of the medium. The nonionized gel structure was found to be rather insensitive to the amount of cross-linker, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), incorporated, within the range of 0.5 to 3%. This result is supportive of the existence of secondary interactions that shield the effect of covalent cross-links. Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) was used as a probe solute to study the diffusion characteristics of the poly(HEMA-co-MA) gels. Its diffusion coefficient in the swollen matrices of different methacrylic acid compositions at various pH's was measured via a desorption method. It is evident that these diffusion coefficients follow Yasuda's free volume theory, which expresses an exponential relationship between the solute diffusivity in a swollen polymer membrane and the reciprocal of the membrane hydration. Although interactions exist between PPA and the hydrogel matrix, these interactions are not significant enough to perturb the free volume relationship established. This observation can be explained by the high ionic strength of the system. PMID- 3247323 TI - Intestinal 5-fluorouracil absorption: use of Ussing chambers to assess transport and metabolism. AB - We have employed an in vitro system to study transport and metabolism of organic molecules by gastrointestinal tissues. Such a system would aid in the evaluation of the potential for oral delivery of organic molecules. Transport and metabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were studied using rabbit intestinal preparations. Unidirectional fluxes and metabolism were measured in vitro in Ussing chambers under short-circuit conditions. Results from these studies reveal that in ileum, proximal, and distal colon, steady-state fluxes of 5-FU (10 microM added to both bathing solutions) are established after 30 min and remain constant for at least 110 min. Transport of 5-FU under "sink" conditions with 10 microM 5-FU present in the mucosal or serosal bathing solution alone demonstrated similar rates of transport as under "nonsink" conditions. The concentration dependence of 5-FU fluxes indicates that the mucosal (m)-to-serosal (s) flux is composed of both a saturable and a linear component over the range of 1-100 microM in the ileum, whereas the s-to-m flux in the ileum and both fluxes in the colon are linear functions of concentration. Over the concentration range employed and the time course of these studies, 5-FU had no effect on the electrical properties of the ileum or colon. In the ileum, the m-to-s but not the s-to-m flux of 5-FU was reduced by (1) serosal ouabain (0.1 mM); (2) reduction of the bathing solution Na concentration; and (3) addition of uracil, thymine, thymidine, uridine, 2 deoxyuridine, or uridine-5'-monophosphate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3247324 TI - Structure and permeability of composite films of two analogous acrylate methacrylate copolymers. AB - Two analogous acrylate methacrylate copolymers, A and B, which form films with compact surface zones (skins) have been layered into composite films AB and BA. Electron micrographs of the composite film internal structure revealed a porous asymmetry; the mean pore size in layer A was 2.4 +/- 0.3 microns, and that in layer B 0.71 +/- 0.06 microns. The actual surface pores were considerably smaller than the internal pores, below the limit of resolution of the electron microscope. AB (layer A accepting the permeant first) was 17 times more permeable to the solute, urea, than BA. Exposure of the film surfaces to solvent vapor before layering caused dissolution of the "skin" in component layers; resulting composite films were therefore more permeable than theoretical expectation. PMID- 3247325 TI - Application of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to the study of skin hydration. AB - The solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique of carbon-13 cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) has been successfully used to obtain high-resolution spectra of whole-thickness, hairy rat skin and to characterize the influence of hydration on the efficiency of cross-polarization and the proton spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1pH). Spectra obtained with hydrated samples, which were obtained with 50% more accumulations, had comparable signal-to-noise ratio relative to spectra obtained with dried skin, indicating a disordering effect with the presence of water. The integrated area of spectra of low-shifted peaks rose more rapidly with increasing contact time relative to the high-shifted peaks for both hydrated and dried skin. In addition, the carbonyl intensity of the hydrated skin relative to dried skin reached a maximum at shorter times, reflecting an efficient relaxation mechanism of the protons. The shift of the peak maximum to shorter mixing times quantitatively reflects the interaction of the protons of water with the carbonyl moiety. PMID- 3247326 TI - Improved buccal delivery of opioid analgesics and antagonists with bitterless prodrugs. AB - Buccal delivery of opioid analgesics and antagonists is a useful way of improving bioavailability relative to the oral route. These compounds taste bitter, however. Various prodrugs of nalbuphine, naloxone, naltrexone, oxymorphone, butorphanol, and levallorphan, in which the 3-phenolic hydroxyl group was esterified, lacked a bitter taste. This taste difference was not due to differences in water solubility, suggesting that for these compounds the phenolic functional group is important for interaction with the taste receptor. In rats, nalbuphine, naloxone, and naltrexone administered buccally as prodrugs exhibited up to 90% bioavailability. In dogs, the bitter taste of buccally administered nalbuphine and naloxone caused salivation and swallowing, and bioavailability was low. Buccal dosing of the prodrugs of these compounds caused no adverse effects and the bioavailability ranged from 35 to 50%, a significant improvement relative to the oral bioavailability, which is 5% or less. The feasibility of buccal prodrug delivery using an adhesive patch formulation was demonstrated. PMID- 3247327 TI - The effect of pH on gallopamil protein binding. PMID- 3247328 TI - Evaluation of new UICC classifications for carcinoma of esophagus and comparison with present Chinese classification. PMID- 3247329 TI - Studies of regulatory effect of rabbit reticulocyte cytoplasmic factors on malignancy of mouse myeloma cells. PMID- 3247330 TI - Effect of huoxue huayu drug--tong mai ling (TML) on ultrastructure of connective tissue. PMID- 3247332 TI - One-stage repair of surgical defects of head and neck tumors. PMID- 3247331 TI - Thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha [125I] radioimmunoassays and applications. PMID- 3247333 TI - The changes of fat absorption after resection for carcinoma of the gastric cardia -a comparison between total and proximal subtotal gastrectomy. PMID- 3247334 TI - The clinical and experimental studies on "the therapeutic principle of huoxue huayu" in traditional Chinese medicine. PMID- 3247335 TI - Drugs from the sea. PMID- 3247336 TI - Iridoids and secoiridoids from Guettarda platypoda. AB - A reinvestigation of the roots of Guettarda platypoda afforded in addition to morronoside and sweroside isolated previously further two iridoids, loganic acid and loganin and a rare secoiridoid, secoxyloganin. The structures were elucidated by NMR techniques. This is the first report of the isolation of such compounds from G.platypoda. Some chemotaxonomic conclusion can be drawn. PMID- 3247337 TI - Glycosides of the Magydaris pastinacea L. AB - From the alcoholic extract of fresh rhizomes from Magydaris pastinacea the glycosidic fraction was separated: it appears to be made up of seven different constituents one of which, 7-0-beta-D-glucopyranosil-8(2',3'-dihydroxy-3'methyl) butylcoum arin isolated and identified by us, is relatively more abundant. PMID- 3247339 TI - Accumulation and distribution of thiophenes in Tagetes patula. PMID- 3247338 TI - TLC determination of flavonoid accumulation in clonal populations of Passiflora incarnata L. AB - Flavonoid production and accumulation during the ontogenic cycle of Passiflora incarnata L. was studied. The highest concentration of isovitexin occurred between pre-flowering and flowering stages. The greatest accumulation of flavonoids took place in the leaves. Furthermore some pharmacodiagnostic characteristics of the drug of P. incarnata were specified using a Scanning Electron Microscope. PMID- 3247340 TI - A study of the diterpene alkaloids of Aconitum napellus ssp. neomontanum during its onthogenetic cycle. AB - Qualitative and quantitative variations in the diterpene alkaloids content in the neomontanum subspecies of Aconitum napellus, growing near lake of Como, were studied throughout its complete onthogenetic cycle. Aconitine, N-deethylaconitine and two compounds with m.w. = 688 and m.w. = 629 have been detected in the various organs of plant almost at any time during the vegetative cycle. PMID- 3247341 TI - Papaver somniferum L. var. album D.C. cultivated in Sicily: phytochemical investigation and use. AB - The authors evaluated the vegetative growth and alkaloid content of the Papaver somniferum L. var. album D.C. capsules cultivated in Assoro (Enna) Sicily, in relation to the geographical position, environmental conditions and soil type. Gas chromatography revealed low alkaloid opiate producing capacity which makes cultivation for therapeutic and toxicologic purposes uneconomic. On the contrary, the elevated production of capsules containing numerous seeds justifies its cultivation for extraction of oil for the food industry and paint production. The results suggest that the cultivation of Papaver somniferum studied is used for baking traditional cakes and bread. PMID- 3247343 TI - Computerized tridimensional reconstruction of vegetable structures. AB - By means of a "Personal Computer", a technique has been worked out for the acquisition and processing of data, for the tridimensional reconstruction of vegetable structures starting out from information, in the form of photographic images, obtained by optical or electronic microscope. Examples of the application of this program to vegetable drugs (corolla of Lavandula angustifolia Mill flowers) are given. PMID- 3247342 TI - Localization of the active principles of the male fern (Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott.) by fluorescence microscopy. AB - The active principles of the male fern, Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott., consisting of a mixture of phloroglucinol derivatives called "crude filicin", are localized by means of fluorescence microscopy under U.V. 365 nm and monochromatic blue 435-490 nm lights. Crude filicin is autofluorescent, and therefore may be easily localized in the internal glandular hairs of the intercellular spaces of rhizome and leaf bases parenchyma, without pre-treatment of sections. Localization is confirmed both morphologically and chemically, and is possible on a fresh material, as well as on a desiccated one. The test allows also a complete anatomical examination of sections, and may be useful, for its easiness and quickness, in further taxonomic or pharmacognostic studies. PMID- 3247344 TI - Effect of cadmium on germination, growth and active principle contents of Achillea millefolium L. AB - The effects on germination, growth and active principle contents of Achillea millefolium L. of an increase of cadmium concentration in soil and in atmosphere were investigated. Soil pollution reduced germination and growth. No significant differences were found in GLC analysis of all plants extracts. PMID- 3247345 TI - Effect of cadmium on germination, growth and active principle contents of Matricaria recutita L. AB - The effects on Matricaria recutita L. of an increase of cadmium concentration in soil and in atmosphere were investigated. Data on germination, survival, growth and dry weight were collected and methilenic extracts of the drugs were analyzed. Cd pollution affects Matricaria germination and growth and GLC analysis of extracts shows a significant difference in active principles between the plants subject undergone different treatments. PMID- 3247346 TI - Radioactivity from 137Cs in plant drugs and their preparations after Chernobyl. AB - The 137 Cs content was determined in 406 plant drug samples harvested in 1986 and 1987 after the Chernobyl accident and in their preparations. Very high values were found in drugs produced in Eastern Europe and in Italy. The decoctions contain about 80% of 137Cs present in the drugs. PMID- 3247347 TI - Algae as possible sources of antitumoural agents. Preliminary evaluation of the "in vitro" cytostatic activity of crude extracts. AB - Aqueous, ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of 13 algae from the Gulf of Trieste (North Adriatic Sea) were assayed in vitro against human tumour established cell line (KB). Some of them exhibit a noteworthy cytostatic activity, in particular Dictyopteris membranacea (Stackh.) Batt., which significantly inhibits the growth of the cell cultures in all the three different crude extracts, was quantitatively screened in different periods of the year for the presence of cytostatic compound(s). PMID- 3247348 TI - Antibacterial activity of some African medicinal plants. AB - The antimicrobial activity of some drugs utilized in traditional African medicine and selected on the basis of medicinal folklore reports, have been studied, within a screening program. The distribution of the antimicrobial activity among gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and mycoplasma is reported. PMID- 3247349 TI - Activity of lavandino essential oil against non-tubercular opportunistic rapid grown mycobacteria. AB - Four samples of lavandino essential oil were investigated for their antimycobacterial activity, and were found to be very effective against some strains of non-tubercolar Mycobacteria (NTM). The mechanism of this effect is discussed. PMID- 3247350 TI - An approach to the study of the biological activity of Eschscholtzia californica Cham. AB - Pharmacological activities of Eschscholtzia californica Cham. are not yet well known. The aim of this work is to verify the pharmacological properties and to get a first identification of the active principles. PMID- 3247351 TI - Comparison of biological activity induced by Ailanthus altissima plant or cell cultures extracts. PMID- 3247352 TI - A comparative study of behavioural and autonomic effects of atropine and Atropa belladonna. AB - Atropa belladonna L. (Solanaceae) tincture was compared with atropine for its anticholinergic activity, both in vivo and in vitro. In all tests, the biological activity of A. belladonna resulted greater than that suggested by its alkaloid content. The results suggest the presence in A. belladonna leaves of unknown compounds with a significant biological activity. PMID- 3247353 TI - A comparative study of Atropa belladonna and atropine on an animal model of urinary retention. AB - The ability of Atropa belladonna L. and atropine to produce urinary retention has been studied in the rat. Our results suggest that A. belladonna is more effective than expected on the basis of its alkaloidic content. PMID- 3247355 TI - Effects of Trema guineense decoction on some metabolic activities in the rat. AB - The present study was undertaken to define the effects of Trema guineense (Schum. and Thonn.) Ficalho (Ulmaceae) on some metabolic activity in the rat. A decoction of leaves, administered by gastric intubation, lowers haematic uric acid levels and increases urinary elimination of the same acid. No changes in the blood glucose and cholesterol levels were observed. PMID- 3247354 TI - Effects of Smilax macrophylla Vers. in normal or hyperuricemic and hyperuricosuric rats. AB - Smilax macrophylla Vers., administered per os at the doses of 1 or 2 g/kg in normal rats or in rats made hyperuricemic and hyperuricosuric by potassium oxonate (250 mg/Kg p.o.) or fructose (4 g/Kg p.o.) does not modify diuresis, but increases the excretion of uric acid and allantoin in normal rats and in those pretreated with fructose, whereas it is inactive in oxonate pretreated rats. Allantoinemia is not modified by fructose or oxonate, whereas uricemia is modified. PMID- 3247356 TI - Effects of kassinin, a tachykinin of the skin of the African frog Kassina senegalensis, on body fluid homeostasis in rats. AB - In Wistar rats loaded with SC hypertonic NaCl solution kassinin produces an inhibition of cell-dehydration drinking which lasts several hours. The long duration of the effect does not depend on a renal excretion of sodium but, hypothetically, on a redistribution of electrolytes between the extra- and the intra-cellular compartments of body fluids. PMID- 3247357 TI - Sedative, anti-inflammatory and anti-diuretic effects induced in rats by essential oils of varieties of Anthemis nobilis: a comparative study. AB - The pharmacological properties of essential oils obtained from two varieties of Anthemis nobilis was studied. The two varieties, named "white-headed" or double flowered and "yellow-headed", present considerable morphological differences and yield essential oils with different composition. These essential oils proved to possess interesting anti-inflammatory and sedative properties, especially that derived from the "White-headed" variety. PMID- 3247358 TI - BN-52021 protects guinea-pig from heart anaphylaxis. AB - BN-52021 preserves "in vitro" the actively sensitized guinea-pig heart from the immunological reaction. This ginkgolide reduces mediator release (histamine, thromboxane-A2 and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis) in a dose-dependent manner, particularly that of histamine. These results evidence either an important role for PAF in guinea pig anaphylaxis or a wider spectrum of activity for BN-52021. PMID- 3247359 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of Echinacea angustifolia fractions separated on the basis of molecular weight. AB - Five fractions of an aqueous extract obtained from the roots of Echinacea angustifolia were separated on the basis of molecular weight. The topical anti inflammatory activity of the fractions has been evaluated in mice using the Croton oil ear test. The fraction with a molecular weight between 30,000 and 100,000 was the most active in inhibiting the oedema; it also reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells. The activity of this fraction was comparable with that of a raw polysaccharidic extract obtained from E. angustifolia roots by differential solubility. The high-molecular weight polysaccharides are therefore proposed as the anti-inflammatory principles of the plant. PMID- 3247360 TI - Effects of gangliosides on the formation of eicosanoids in rat brain cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. PMID- 3247361 TI - [Synthesis and biological activity of 5-phenyl-1,3,4-benzotriazepines. 14. The reactions of 2-thioxo-5-phenyl-1,3,4-benzotriazepines]. AB - The interaction of 2-aminoethanol and 2-thioxo-5-phenyl-1,3,4-benzotriazepines in abs. dioxane under refluxing conditions was investigated. Depending on the substitution of the triazepine ring several products are formed. The S-N-exchange to form the corresponding 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino derivatives only takes place if the nitrogen atoms of the heterocycle are unsubstituted. PMID- 3247362 TI - [Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 19. Synthesis and activity of stereomeric phenylacetic homologues]. AB - The authors synthesized the title compounds as analogues of previously prepared potential antiphlogistic agents. Starting from appropriate carbonyl compound and alpha-metallated phenylacetic acid the diastereomeric racemate pairs were obtained; they were separated, attributed to erythro/threo-configuration by NMR and finally resolved. The potassium salts of the enantiomers were tested for analgesic and antiinflammatory activity, as well as for acute toxicity. Their action in the carrageenan test has been found to be stereoselective, but relatively poor or of briefly lastening. PMID- 3247363 TI - [Ion pair-HPLC of a pharmaceutical multicomponent system]. AB - A multicomponent system of non-ionic (methyl- and propylhydroxybenzoate) and ionic (theophylline, phenobarbital, atropine methobromide, demelverine hydrochloride) analytes, which are applied in therapy as bronchospasmolytically effective drug (Aminophyllin compositum tablets), was investigated by means of ion-pair-HPLC-technique on reversed phases. As ion-interaction-reagents (IIR) were tried alkylsulfonates and sodium cyclamate. The influence of some factors on retention was described. The use of "mixed" IIR for improvement of the separation was investigated. PMID- 3247364 TI - [X-ray crystallographic studies of diclofenac-sodium--structural analysis of diclofenac-sodium tetrahydrate]. AB - The crystal structure of the hydrate of the antiphlogistic drug diclofenac sodium was determined to explain the unusual dissolution behaviour in ethyl acetate. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/m with a = 9.464(2), b = 39.405(7), c = 9.972(3) A und beta = 90.74(2) degrees. The unit cell contains two symmetry independent formula units (C14H10Cl2NO2)-Na+.3,94 H2O. There are molecule layers and sodium-water layers which show order-disorder phenomena. PMID- 3247365 TI - [Preparation and testing of polymer drugs. 4. Water-soluble polymer drugs with a base of vinylpyrrolidone-maleic acid anhydride-copolymers]. AB - Watersoluble polymeric drugs were synthesized on the basis of alternating copolymer of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and maleic anhydride. Benzocain served as model drug. The drug was bound directly as well as about epsilon-aminocapronic acid as spacer. The pancreatin catalyzed hydrolysis of these polymeric drugs was studied. No hydrolysis was noted, if the drug is directly bound on the copolymer. The polymeric drug with the epsilon-aminocapronic acid as spacer showed a small release. Possible reasons for these facts are discussed. PMID- 3247366 TI - [The use of sustained-release preparations for eye-platelet diagnosis for noninvasive determination of leukocyte migration in the eye]. AB - An in vivo method for measuring leukocyte migration in man involves the insertion of membrane filter platelets into the lower conjunctival sac. Before insertion, the filter platelets were soaked in solutions of chemotactic test substances and dried. The chemotactic gradient formed by a dissolving test substance stimulates leukocytes from the conjunctival mucosa to immigrate into a filter platelet. The number and the distribution of immigrant cells within the filter platelet yield information on pathological processes. To obtain reliable results, the chemotactic substance used has to show a defined solubility inherent in only a minority of all substances in question. In order to stabilize liberation, the chemotactic test substance is introduced together with a hydrogel-forming substance into a filter platelet. Among a series of tested hydrogel-forming substances, the Guar derivative Meyprogat 90 proved to have the best stabilizing capacity. For an exact measurement of liberation, a new in vitro model was developed that simulates the conditions of drug liberation within the conjunctival sac. In vitro as well as in vivo tests with this type of filter platelets proved their qualification for human medicine. PMID- 3247367 TI - [Direct compression nitrazepam tablets]. AB - Tablets of nitrazepam were made by direct compression. The influence of different dry binders and other adjuvants on the physical parameters of the tablets and their texture (scanning electron microscope: SEM) were examined. Changes in the physical parameter can be explanded if the texture is known. PMID- 3247369 TI - The theory of fuzzy sets as basis for new type of treatments on information obtained from pharmacological experiments. PMID- 3247370 TI - 15N NMR in the analysis of drugs. Part 4: Characterization of some analgetics antipyretics. PMID- 3247368 TI - [Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. 34. The effect of modification of the amidino function of N-alpha-substituted 4-amidinophenylalanine amides on inhibitory activity]. AB - Cyclic amides of N alpha-arylsulfonylated 4-amidinophenylalanine are selective inhibitors of thrombin. The exchange of the amidino function for an aminomethyl residue does not influence the selectivity and potency of their inhibitory activity. In contrast, the modification of the amidino function of the N alpha arylsulfonylaminoacylated compound N alpha-(2-naphthylsulfonylglycyl)-4 amidinophenylalanine piperidide results in a drastic loss of inhibitory activity. Only the oxamidino derivative possesses considerable high affinity for thrombin. Obviously, in tight binding inhibitors of thrombin structural variation results in any case in a loss of inhibitory activity. PMID- 3247371 TI - Pharmacokinetics of platinum cytostatics after cisplatin-related equitoxic dosing to rats. PMID- 3247372 TI - [The anticonvulsant action of imipramine in maximal electroshock in the mouse]. PMID- 3247373 TI - [Immunosuppressive and virostatic action of petunia hybrids]. PMID- 3247374 TI - Synthesis and characterization of new 2-(arylidenehydrazino)-4-methyl-5 (arylazo)thiazoles. AB - In order to test their insecticidal, fungicidal and herbicidal activities the title compounds 2-20 were prepared from the reactions of various aldehyde thiosemicarbazones with corresponding alpha-oxo-alpha-methyl-N-(p-substituted phenyl)-ethanehydrazonoyl chloride [1], derived from the coupling of chloroacetone with the diazonium salt of ethyl p-aminobenzoate, p-iodoaniline, sulfanilamide and aniline, respectively. All the synthetized compounds were characterized by their elementary analysis, and by using IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. PMID- 3247375 TI - [Synthesis of 5-bromosalicyl-4'-chloroanilide-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside and other transport forms enzymatically activated by microbes]. AB - The synthesis of 5-bromosalicyl-4'-chloroanilide-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside and other glycosides of 5-bromosalicyl-4'-chloroanilide, salicylanilide, 3,5 dichlorophenol and tetrachlorohydrochinone is described. Glycosidations follow the procedures described by Latham et al. Sabalitschka and Helferich et al. These glycosides represent relatively untoxic transport-forms of drugs, which are activated to the free drug by specific enzymes of the organisms to be destroyed. This new mechanisms can help to destroy fungi and parasites in dermatology, agriculture, horticulture and cultivation of decorative plants without side effects on the host. PMID- 3247376 TI - The kinetics of nifedipine release from porous hydrophilic matrices and the pharmacokinetics in man. AB - Porous hydrophilic tablets of nifedipine were prepared with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as swellable polymer, as well as with the addition of a solid dispersion of the drug in polyethylene glycol, a water soluble system. The kinetic data conformed with the Higuchi square root equation and first order release for in vitro release from a single planar surface of the tablet, as well as release from the whole tablet. The addition of a soluble fraction to the porous swellable release system increased the nifedipine release rate constant. This shows that the dosage form may be formulated as a drug-polymer system which exhibits constant release at a desired rate. In the bioequivalence study with five volunteers, the pharmacokinetic parameters of a sustained release hydrophilic tablet of nifedipine and of immediate release capsules were determined. Although the bioavailability of the two preparations is similar, the therapeutic effects may differ. The rate of absorption, the maximum concentration levels, the time of the peak and the period of maintenance of the therapeutic serum levels after single oral doses are different after the administration of the two tested formulations. The hydrophilic tablets of nifedipine may be useful as a sustained release formulation for long term treatment of hypertension. PMID- 3247377 TI - Influence of ion-pair-formation on the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Part 4: Influence of hexylsalicylic acid on the pharmacokinetics of bretylium. AB - Based on in vitro results it was found that the pharmacokinetic parameters of the hydrophilic drug bretylium (2) can be influenced by an ion-pair-formation with the lipophilic hexylsalicyclic acid (1). After simultaneous i.v. application of 1 and 2 on rabbits a significant increase of the AUC of 2 was observed. Under these conditions a marked increase of the AUC and the MRT of 1 was also obtained, since the blood levels of 2 are high enough for such an influence. A combined rectal application of 1 and 2 causes an increase of the AUC of 2. PMID- 3247378 TI - [Trends in purity testing of drugs]. PMID- 3247379 TI - [The relevance of various information systems for pharmaceutical inquiries]. AB - The target of this publication is the comparison between the information systems Signa excerpta (SE) and Praparatekartei (PK) and other systems available for the pharmaceutical industry of the GDR. For this purpose searches were made on 5 subjects typical for the pharmaceutical industry. None of the information systems searched for supplies more than 50% on an average of the relevant publications found as a total. 347 (72%) of the publications were unique, that is they were present only in one system, 135 (28%) were found in several systems. The results of the systems of the pharmaceutical industry of the GDR, PK (elaborated by VEB Arzneimittelwerk Dresden) and SE (elaborated in international cooperation) were good or satisfactory in dependence on the questions. PMID- 3247381 TI - [A micromethod for determining piroxicam concentration in the blood]. PMID- 3247380 TI - Some remarks on the determination of isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites in human plasma by GLC with electron capture detection. PMID- 3247382 TI - [Preparation, detection and pharmacokinetic behavior of pholedrine sulfuric acid ester. 5. Methods for determining pholedrine and pholedrine sulfuric acid esters in plasma]. PMID- 3247383 TI - The effect of lubricants and mixing on the antacid value of tablets. PMID- 3247384 TI - [Preparation, detection and pharmacokinetic behavior of pholedrine sulfuric acid ester. 6. Determination of pholedrine and pholedrine sulfuric acid esters in plasma after oral administration of pholedrine]. PMID- 3247385 TI - [In vitro effect of drugs on alanine aminotransferase]. PMID- 3247386 TI - Antimicrobial activity of 5-(2-thiophenylidene)-2-thiobarbituric acid. PMID- 3247387 TI - [The small saphenous vein: clinical test data]. PMID- 3247388 TI - [3d French-Britannic Colloquium on Phlebology. Nice 29-30 April 1988. Proceedings]. PMID- 3247389 TI - [Venous anomalies of the popliteal fossa]. PMID- 3247390 TI - [Dynamic selective phlebography of veins in the calf]. AB - The authors present dynamic tests during phlebography, with which try to identify precisely the three layers of the venous circulation of the calf, consisting of the small saphenous vein, the gastrocnemius veins and the soleus veins. Mimicking the phases of walk during these manoeuvres, leads to a simultaneous morphological and functional study of the venous return. The result of these tests leads always to a specific therapeutic attitude. PMID- 3247392 TI - [The role of sclerotherapy in the treatment of varices of the small saphenous vein]. PMID- 3247391 TI - Failure in surgery of the long and short saphenous vein. PMID- 3247393 TI - Reasons to strip the long saphenous vein. AB - Whether the long saphenous vein (LSV) should be stripped or not remains contentious. Varicography in patients with recurrent varicose veins frequently demonstrates an intact LSV. A series of 41 varicograms have been reviewed to find how often an unstripped LSV is associated with recurrence. Thirty-two patients, 22 female and 10 male, of mean age 49 years (33-78 years) were investigated. Forty-one limbs had previously had high saphenous ligation, yet still had clinical and ultrasound evidence of superficial venous reflux from a source above the knee. The mean interval between first and the last operations was 16 years (2 33 years). An intact LSV in some part of the thigh was present in 22/41 limbs (54%). Midthigh perforator incompetence (MTPI) via the unstripped LSV was present in 14/41 limbs (34%) and MTPI direct from femoral vein to a superficial varix occurred in 6/41 limbs (15%). The commonest problem is a residual communication at the groin found at operation in 80 p. cent of limbs. Accurate saphenofemoral ligation is crucial but we suggest that recurrence from MTPI via the intact LSV, and the possibility of recanalisation from the upper end of the intact LSV to the femoral vein are arguments for continued stripping. PMID- 3247394 TI - White cell and platelet trapping in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. AB - The cause of venous ulceration remains unclear but recent evidence suggests that white cell trapping may play a significant role. In this study venous blood taken from the dependent leg of 15 normal subjects was compared to samples taken from a similar number of patients with deep venous insufficiency. About 25 p. cent fewer white cells and platelets left the dependent foot of the patients with venous hypertension. When the foot was elevated there was a significant washout of white cells but not platelets suggesting platelet consumption within the microcirculation of the dependent foot. In 8 of the patients these changes were reversed by external compression. PMID- 3247395 TI - [What can a neurophysiologic examination contribute to phlebologists?]. AB - After a theoretical summary and account of current techniques, the authors describe the 'electric symptomatology' of the lower limbs and suggest the pathologies in which the anomalies are to be located. The analysis of some personal clinical cases enables them, finally, to draw some practical conclusions: an NP check-up can easily be requested, is not traumatic, and should be considered (except in cases where a primary neurological pathology is suspected) when the clinical and paraclinical symptoms on the one hand, and functional disorders on the other, are dissociated. Emphasis should be placed on reduction of speed of conduction, provided that the examination is carried out by a trained specialist, preferably always the same one. Finally we think that metabolic disorders engendered by venous stasis are likely to be accompanied by neuritic-type degenerations which then develop on their own account; this will be the subject of a further study. PMID- 3247396 TI - [Chromatic micropuncture in the treatment of telangiectasias using the 1000 CMP phlebotome]. PMID- 3247397 TI - [The role of support in the prevention of venous thromboses of the lower limbs]. AB - Support and exercise has long been accepted as a mechanical method of preventing venous stasis. In recent years the role of the venous endothelium in the pathogenesis of thrombosis has been emphasised. The trouble occurs at the level of the microcirculation. Given the delicate balance at that level, it is easy to appreciate how various antagonistic systems (serotonin, quinine, etc.) can be easily distorted. Elastic support helps prevent these endothelial changes. PMID- 3247398 TI - [Venous involvement in the thoracic outlet syndrome (apropos of 30 cases)]. AB - This paper present 30 patients with subclavian venous compression caused by a thoracic outlet syndrome. 3 stages are differentiated: intermittent compression: 15 patients; acute occlusion: 5 patients; chronic occlusion: 10 patients. Every stage corresponds with a clinic and radiologic unit: venous claudication of the upper limb; phlebitis; post-phlebitis syndrome. 8/30 patients had a bilateral compression. 22/30 patients had an associated arterial compression. The hypertrophy of the subclavian muscle is the main etiology of the venous compression. The venography dynamic of the upper limb is the basic investigation. The resection of the first rib is the basic intervention, according to the technic of Roos. A venous thrombectomy was associated in 4 cases. A previous general thrombolysis was associated in one case. PMID- 3247399 TI - [The role of hemodilution in the prevention of thromboembolic disease]. PMID- 3247400 TI - Prevention of recurrence of deep vein thrombosis in pregnant and post-partum women. AB - Deep Vein Thrombosis is a relatively common complication of pregnancy and the post partum period. Women who have once suffered a deep vein thrombosis have an increased risk of recurrence with or without the possibility of pulmonary embolism during future pregnancies. Each year in the Rotunda Hospital Dublin about twenty such patients are seen out of a total of 6,000 pregnant women. Prophylactic treatment with low dose subcutaneous self-administered heparin is the regimen used. Patients for the past three years are surveyed--in all cases except one the pregnancy and post partum period was uneventful. In one case a late post partum non-fatal pulmonary embolus occurred. PMID- 3247401 TI - [The immediate arterial and microcirculatory hemodynamic effects of elastic support in arteritic varices]. PMID- 3247402 TI - [A case of a complex arteriovenous aneurysm of the heel associated with a persistent sciatic artery]. PMID- 3247403 TI - [Practical reflections on Linton's operation. Apropos of 110 operations]. AB - Appropriate surgery on venous ulcers (Linton's operation) is an efficient therapeutic method. In 110 of these operations, rapid healing of the ulcer was achieved in 90% of cases, with 10% affected by necrosis and infection of the cutaneous incision. The result held without relapse for three years for 85% of the 52 patients who were able to be reviewed after this length of time. The operative technique has to adhere to two imperatives: a long incision up to the ulcer, and very exact skin closure. Ulcerous relapse, and ulcers failing to respond to routine treatment are the prime indications of surgery; indications can be extended to certain pre-ulcerous conditions. PMID- 3247404 TI - [The course and social adjustment in the bipolar type of affective disorders after long-term lithium therapy]. PMID- 3247405 TI - [Marital interaction and the transmission across generations in alcoholic families]. PMID- 3247406 TI - [Psychological factors in mitral valve leaflet prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 3247407 TI - [Evaluation of the severity of depression using the tools of different complexity: a comparison]. PMID- 3247408 TI - [Degree of alcohol dependence and the level of dysfunction of the cognitive processes evaluated by psychological tests]. PMID- 3247409 TI - [Various aspects of physician's functioning in psychiatry. Conflict of the roles and authority]. PMID- 3247410 TI - [Ketamine dependence]. PMID- 3247411 TI - [A case of Fahr's disease in a patient with the symptoms of endogenous depression]. PMID- 3247412 TI - [Comparison of the effects of heat and radiation on Aspergillus parasiticus]. AB - The inactivation effect and fungus toxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 were studied by means of ionizing radiations. The dose-survival curve reveals two different responses to radiation: the first one, showing a relatively high sensitivity, corresponds to mycelia; the second one, more resistant, to non germinated conidiospores with a D10 value of 0.77 kGy. To carry on further experiments, 1.5 kGy was chosen as radiation treatment dose, which is twice the D10 value for the most resistant form. The mould was cultivated on rice, under ideal temperature and humidity conditions, so as to assure toxin production. Samples of different ages were irradiated, and 20 hour old mycelium turned out to be the most susceptible to radiation damage. Therefore 20 hours after inoculation, the following experiments were performed: a) irradiation; b) heating; c) heating followed by irradiation. Aflatoxin production was measured along 11 days of incubation, by dilution to extinction on thin layer chromatography. Results obtained show that heated or irradiated samples have decreased aflatoxin levels compared to controls, and the combined treatment reduce them below the detection limit of our analytical method, and also below the maximum levels advised by the international organizations on health (FAO/OMS, 1966: less than 30 ppb). PMID- 3247414 TI - [Evaluation of the hygienico-sanitary quality of fresh noodles]. AB - Total mesophyllic aerobes (MT), total coliforms (CT), fecal coliforms (CF), Escherichia coli (EC), molds and yeasts (HyL) and Salmonella were studied in 50 samples of fresh noodles (32 to 35% water) prepared with dried or with liquid egg. Values obtained were: (in parenthesis number of positive samples) MT, 10(4) to 10(6) CFU/g (48%). HyL, 10(2) to 10(4) CFU/g (76%). CT, 4 to 100/g (32%) and 460/g (2%). CF, 3 to 10/g (14%) and 21/g (6%). For EC only two samples were positive with 4 and 9/g respectively. The same serovar of Salmonella (S. oranienburg) was detected in 88% of the samples. PMID- 3247415 TI - [New worldwide Salmonella serovar isolated in a case of diarrhea]. AB - The isolation of a new serovar of Salmonella from fecal material belonging to a child with acute diarrhea in the ville of Oran, province of Salta, is reported. Because of its biochemical characteristics it was classified within the sub species IV, taxon 5, according to the present nomenclature for this genus, being its antigenic structure 50:b:-(S IV 50:b:-). PMID- 3247413 TI - Evaluation of circulating immune complexes in leprosy. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were evaluated in leprosy by 4 methods: the 125I-C1q binding assay (C1q), the platelet aggregation test (PAT), the 3.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation test and the 2.5% PEG precipitation assay. Serum samples belonged to lepromatous leprosy bacilloscopy positive (LL+), lepromatous leprosy bacilloscopy negative (LL-), tuberculoid (TT) and first grade contact group (Co). Studies performed by the 3 first methods showed higher CIC levels in LL+ group (p less than 0.01) and lower values in the 3 others, all of them when compared to normals. On the contrary, the 2.5% PEG precipitation test gave less discriminative results giving only p less than 0.01 in LL+. CIC values obtained in the contact group showed significant results compared to normals but similar to LL- and TT groups. The C1q binding assay and the PAT were the most discriminative methods giving r = 0.90; C1q versus 3.5% PEG, r = 0.36; C1q vs 2.5% PEG, r = 0.14. The PAT compared to 3.5% PEG, r = 0.48 and PAT vs. 2.5% PEG, r = 0.24. Therefore it may be concluded as follows: a) The radioiodinated C1q binding assay and the PAT are recommended for the study of CIC in leprosy; b) The 2.5% PEG precipitation assay offers less sensitivity since it gave similar value in LL-, TT, Co and controls; c) CIC levels observed in LL+ patients may be induced by the antigenic overload demonstrated by the positive bacilloscopy; d) The contacts have CIC levels significantly different from the normal population possibly caused by a subclinical infection. PMID- 3247416 TI - Regulation of acetylcholine muscarinic receptors by embryonic septal grafts showing cholinergic innervation of host hippocampus. PMID- 3247417 TI - Functional recovery from neuroendocrine deficits: studies with the hypogonadal mutant mouse. PMID- 3247418 TI - Embryonic retinal grafts transplanted into the lesioned adult rat retina. PMID- 3247419 TI - Transplantation of fetal serotonin neurons into the transected spinal cord of adult rats: morphological development and functional influence. PMID- 3247420 TI - Cross-species grafting and cell culture of rhesus monkey fetal spinal cord and cerebral cortex. PMID- 3247421 TI - Transplantation of fetal spinal cord tissue into acute and chronic hemisection and contusion lesions of the adult rat spinal cord. PMID- 3247422 TI - Intraocular spinal cord grafts: a model system for morphological and functional studies of spinal regeneration. PMID- 3247423 TI - Reinnervation of denervated skeletal muscle by central nerve fibers regenerating along replanted ventral roots. PMID- 3247424 TI - Effect of implants prepared from tissue culture of dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells on growth of corticospinal fibers after spinal cord injury in neonatal rats. PMID- 3247425 TI - Effect of target and non-target transplants on neuronal survival and axonal elongation after injury to the developing spinal cord. PMID- 3247427 TI - Defining the mechanisms that govern immune acceptance or rejection of neural tissue. PMID- 3247426 TI - Functional reinnervation of a denervated skeletal muscle of the adult rat by axons regenerating from the spinal cord through a peripheral nervous system graft. PMID- 3247428 TI - Immunocytochemical characterization of the cellular immune response to intracerebral xenografts of brain tissue. PMID- 3247429 TI - Developmental appearance of nerve growth factor in the rat brain: significant deficits in the aged forebrain. PMID- 3247430 TI - Xenografts of mouse hippocampal tissue. Formation of nerve connections between the graft fascia dentata and the host rat brain. PMID- 3247431 TI - Immunologic response to intracerebral fetal neural allografts in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 3247432 TI - Blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid alterations following neural transplantation. PMID- 3247433 TI - Immunological aspects of neural grafting in the mammalian central nervous system. PMID- 3247435 TI - Transplantation of immature and mature astrocytes and their effect on scar formation in the lesioned central nervous system. PMID- 3247434 TI - Fetal brain tissue transplants and recovery of locomotion following damage to sensorimotor cortex in rats. PMID- 3247436 TI - Fetal brain grafts promote axon regeneration and survival of adult rat retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 3247437 TI - Time course expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein by implanted astrocytes after intracranial grafting of immature and mature brain tissue. PMID- 3247438 TI - Central nervous system grafts of nerve growth factor-rich tissue as an alternative source of trophic support for axotomized cholinergic neurons. PMID- 3247439 TI - Trophic effects on cholinergic striatal interneurons by submaxillary gland transplants. PMID- 3247440 TI - Laminin directs and facilitates migration and fiber growth of transplanted serotonin and norepinephrine neurons in adult brain. PMID- 3247441 TI - Matrigel enhances survival and integration of grafted dopamine neurons into the striatum. PMID- 3247443 TI - Striatal grafts in the ibotenic acid-lesioned neostriatum: ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies. PMID- 3247442 TI - Human fetal catecholamine-containing tissues grafted intraocularly and intracranially to immuno-compromised rodent hosts. PMID- 3247445 TI - The fine structure of chromaffin cell implants in the pain modulatory regions of the rat periaqueductal gray and spinal cord. PMID- 3247444 TI - Cross-species intracerebral grafting of embryonic swine dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 3247446 TI - Grafted rat neonatal adrenal medullary cells: structural and functional studies. PMID- 3247447 TI - Transient behavioral recovery in hemiparkinsonian primates after adrenal medullary allografts. PMID- 3247448 TI - Studies on host afferent inputs to fetal striatal transplants in the excitotoxically lesioned striatum. PMID- 3247449 TI - Characterization of purified populations of human fetal chromaffin cells: considerations for grafting in parkinsonian patients. PMID- 3247450 TI - Human organ donor adrenals: fine structure, plasticity and viability. PMID- 3247451 TI - Adrenal medullary tissue transplants in the caudate nucleus of Parkinson's patients. PMID- 3247452 TI - Study of adrenal medullary tissue transplantation to striatum in parkinsonism. PMID- 3247453 TI - Human fetal cortices and spinal cord transplanted to the anterior chamber of immunodeficient nude rats: immunohistochemical studies. PMID- 3247455 TI - The use of a semi-permeable tube as a guidance channel for a transected rabbit optic nerve. PMID- 3247454 TI - Electrophysiological studies of human cerebral and cerebellar cortical tissue grafted to the anterior eye chamber of athymic rodents. PMID- 3247456 TI - Flow cytometric analyses and sorting of neural cells for transplantation. PMID- 3247458 TI - Long-term prevention of toxin-induced damage by neural grafts. PMID- 3247457 TI - A novel rotational behavior model for assessing the restructuring of striatal dopamine effector systems: are transplants sensitive to peripherally acting drugs? PMID- 3247459 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of intracerebral neural grafts. PMID- 3247461 TI - The influence of nerve growth factor treatment and endogenous growth factors on the survival of PC12 cells grafted to adult rat brain. PMID- 3247460 TI - Cryopreservation of fetal rat and non-human primate mesencephalic neurons: viability in culture and neural transplantation. PMID- 3247462 TI - Implantation of catecholamine-secreting cell lines into the rat and mouse brain. PMID- 3247463 TI - Reconstructing the brain from immortal cell lines. PMID- 3247464 TI - Neuronal transplants used in the repair of acute ischemic injury in the central nervous system. PMID- 3247465 TI - [Microsequence analysis of proteins electroblotted from polyacrylamide gels]. PMID- 3247466 TI - [Construction of a versatile apparatus for pulsed field gel electrophoresis]. PMID- 3247467 TI - In vitro inhibition of prostaglandin production by azathioprine and 6 mercaptopurine. AB - Although there are many data concerning the cytotoxic and immunosuppressive effects of antimetabolites such as azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, the mechanism of their antiinflammatory action has not been extensively investigated. In the present work, it is shown that azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine (10-500 micrograms/ml) inhibit in a dose-dependent manner the production of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 by unseparated spleen cells as well as that of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by adherent peritoneal macrophages. This inhibitory effect appears rapidly in vitro (within 15 min of incubation) and is observed in the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid (5 x 10(-6) M). The persistence of this effect in the presence of arachidonic acid, together with the fact that the production of four cyclooxygenase derivatives of acid arachidonic metabolism are inhibited, suggests that these drugs are acting at the cyclooxygenase level. The finding that cytotoxic and immunosuppressive agents, which act mainly by inhibiting RNA and DNA synthesis, can block prostaglandin production, may explain part of their antiinflammatory effects. PMID- 3247468 TI - In vivo formation of omega-oxidized metabolites of leukotriene C4 in the rat. AB - [3H8]Leukotriene C4 was administered to germfree rats and to conventional rats having a bile duct cannula. Several radioactive metabolites were isolated. Two polar biliary metabolites from conventional rats were identified as N-acetyl omega-carboxy-leukotriene E4 and N-acetyl-omega-hydroxy-leukotriene E4. A polar fecal metabolite from germfree rats was found to be N-acetyl-omega-carboxy leukotriene E4. Chemical identities were established using UV spectroscopy and cochromatographies with authentic compounds in several HPLC systems. The fecal metabolite was further characterized by reductive desulfurization followed by gas liquid-radiochromatography. The yield of the two biliary metabolites was 5% of the administered tritium after three hours and the yield of fecal N-acetyl-omega carboxy-leukotriene E4 was 3.5% after three days. PMID- 3247469 TI - Structural identification of prostaglandin A1 biotransformation products from tumor cells. AB - Rat B104 neuroblastoma and C6 glioma cells are able to metabolize prostaglandin A1 (PGA1). Four metabolites were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. Their structure was elucidated by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. It appears that these biotransformation products are two sets of stereoisomers: the two isomers that eluted first are 9 alpha- and 9 beta-hydroxy-11 alpha-cysteinylglycyl adducts whereas the other two are 9 alpha- and 9 beta-hydroxy-11 alpha-cysteinyl derivatives. These compounds were compared with authentic samples prepared by Michael addition of the corresponding thiol onto PGA1, then by reduction with sodium borohydride. PMID- 3247470 TI - Isolation and biosynthesis of 18-hydroxyprostaglandins E1 and E2 in human seminal fluid. AB - 18-Hydroxy-PGE1 and 18-hydroxy-PGE2 were identified in human seminal fluid by capillary gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The levels of these prostaglandins was 1-2% of the corresponding 19-hydroxy-PGE compounds in human semen. 18-Hydroxy-PGE1 and 18-hydroxy-PGE2 are likely formed by cytochrome P-450 in seminal vesicles in analogy with the 19-hydroxy-PGE compounds. This was supported by the finding that microsomes of seminal vesicles of the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis, supplemented with 1 mM NADPH, metabolized PGE1 to both 19-hydroxy-PGE1 (92%) and 18-hydroxy-PGE1 (8%). The hydroxylation of prostaglandins in seminal vesicles of primates may thus show a high but not absolute specificity for the penultimate carbon of prostaglandins. PMID- 3247471 TI - Role of phospholipase C in mediating oxytocin-induced release of prostaglandin F2 alpha from ovine endometrial tissue. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine if the ability of oxytocin to stimulate release of prostaglandin (PG)F2 alpha from ovine uterine tissue involved activation of phospholipase C (PLC). In the first experiment, 9 ewes were injected with progesterone for 11 d (12 mg/d, im). On days 11 and 12, ewes received an injection of estradiol (100 micrograms, im). Caruncular endometrial tissue was collected on d 13 and incubated in the presence or absence of oxytocin (10(-6) M). Concentrations of PGF2 alpha and its metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15 keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM), in culture media were determined by radioimmunoassay. PLC activity was determined by measuring the intracellular accumulation of 3H inositol phosphates after preincubation with 3H-inositol. Concentrations of PGF2 alpha and total PGF (PGF2 alpha + PGFM) in culture media were greater for explants treated with oxytocin than for controls (p. less than .02, p less than .06, respectively). A similar effect of oxytocin on intracellular concentrations of 3H-inositol phosphates was observed (p less than .01). A second experiment was conducted to determine if agonists of second messengers, produced by activation of PLC, could stimulate release of PGF2 alpha from ovine endometrial tissue. Seven ewes were treated with progesterone and estradiol as in experiment 1. Explants of caruncular tissue from each ewe were incubated with 1) control medium, 2) A23187 (10(-5) M), 3) oxytocin (10(-6) M), 4) phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA, 10(-7) M), 5) PMA + A23187 and 6) PMA + oxytocin. Significant stimulatory effects of oxytocin, PMA and A23187 on concentrations of PGF2 alpha and total PGF in culture media were observed (p. less than .05, p less than .1, p less than .1, respectively). In conclusion, oxytocin stimulated release of PGF2 alpha and activity of PLC in explants of ovine endometrial tissue in vitro. Second messengers associated with activation of PLC enhanced release of PGF2 alpha from ovine endometrial tissue. PMID- 3247472 TI - Changes in urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha excretion during pregnancy and labor. AB - Urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay at various stages of pregnancy and labor. In the first trimester of pregnancy, urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations were not different from those measured before pregnancy, but they showed a significant increase in the second trimester of pregnancy (p less than 0.001). The levels rose further in the third trimester, although this increase was not statistically significant when compared to levels obtained in the second trimester. There was no evidence for a significant change in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion with the onset of labor. During well-established, progressive labor mean values of 6-keto PGF1 alpha excretion were about twice as high as before the onset of labor, but the range of values during labor was so wide that there was no statistical difference with values obtained in the second half of pregnancy. It is concluded that the increase in the urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha occurs later in pregnancy than the increase in TXB2 excretion and that labor at term is not associated with marked changes in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion. PMID- 3247473 TI - Modification of upper gastrointestinal prostaglandin synthesis by dietary fatty acids. AB - The effects of dietary oils on gastric, duodenal mucosa and liver were investigated in a rat model. Unsaturated fatty acid profiles and in vitro prostaglandin (PG) synthesis (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2), were measured after 14 days of dietary oil supplements. There were no significant differences in prostanoid synthesis between rats fed coconut oil (high saturated fat content) and standard diet. After fish oil supplement, tissue eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels were higher, arachidonic acid levels were lower, and prostanoid synthesis was reduced in both stomach and duodenum. After corn oil and evening primrose oil, linoleic acid levels were variably increased, but there were no significant differences in arachidonic acid or prostanoid synthesis. Dihomogamma-linolenic acid levels were slightly increased after evening primrose oil. Dietary incorporation of fatty acids into gastroduodenal tissue is not uniform. When incorporated, fatty acids can modify prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 3247475 TI - [Trends in the studies of the preparations of active and passive immunization. Bacterial vaccines]. PMID- 3247474 TI - X-ray structure determination of mexiprostil, a new gastroprotective 16-methoxy 16-methyl-PGE1 analogue. AB - Mexiprostil is a new gastroprotective 16-methoxy-16-methyl-PGE1 methyl ester. To assign the absolute configuration at C-15, a crystalline high-melting C-1 ester analog 5 11,15-dihydroxy-16-methoxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oic acid 4-(4 bromobenzamide)phenyl ester (15R, 16R) was prepared and submitted to single crystal X-ray analysis. Since C-8, C-11, C-12 and C-16 are shown to have R configurations, the X-ray diffraction results established that the configuration at C-15 is also R. PMID- 3247476 TI - [Etiology of influenza in Poland 1986]. PMID- 3247477 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of 2 variants of the hemagglutination test for rapid detection of botulinum toxin in artificially contaminated food. Laboratory report]. PMID- 3247478 TI - [Duodenogastric reflux and histological changes in the gastric mucosa of patients with acute and chronic active hepatitis B]. PMID- 3247479 TI - [Neurological and emotional aspects of rabies in animals]. PMID- 3247480 TI - [The role of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in the development of infection in humans and animals]. PMID- 3247481 TI - [Epizootic situation of brucellosis in Poland in the aspect of the risk for humans]. PMID- 3247482 TI - [Actual problems of leptospirosis in animals in Poland]. PMID- 3247483 TI - [Biochemistry of cholestasis]. PMID- 3247485 TI - [Observation of a case of HIV virus infection through blood]. PMID- 3247484 TI - [Evaluation of the activities of the Rabies Prevention Center in the Koszalin province 1985-6]. PMID- 3247486 TI - [Comments on the didactics of infectious diseases]. PMID- 3247487 TI - AIDS and behavior change. PMID- 3247488 TI - Condoms for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 3247489 TI - Understanding AIDS: an information brochure being mailed to all US households. PMID- 3247490 TI - [Results of the rehabilitation of patients after focal injuries of the central nervous system]. PMID- 3247491 TI - [Comparative studies of the number of blood platelets of the right and left heart ventricles in rats]. PMID- 3247492 TI - [Coexistence of ischemic heart disease and acquired heart defects. I. General characteristics]. PMID- 3247493 TI - [Coexistence of ischemic heart disease and acquired heart defects. II. Detailed description]. PMID- 3247495 TI - [Effect of inflammatory changes of the kidneys in pregnant women on the incidence of premature labor]. PMID- 3247494 TI - [Hematologic disorders in workers exposed to benzene and ethylbenzene]. PMID- 3247496 TI - [Supervisory duties of the heads of departments of internal medicine in the Cracow region during 1983-1987]. PMID- 3247497 TI - Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl 1-alanine and its analogs. AB - The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic action, the adverse side-effects, and the decline in efficacy upon prolonged administration of L-DOPA in patients with Parkinson's disease are not yet well understood. Therefore, further studies of the biochemical effects of L-DOPA are required. The current article indicates that L-DOPA, D-DOPA and L-alpha-methyl-DOPA can reversibly inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. Inhibition of MAO-A of human placental mitochondria by L- and D-DOPA was non-competitive with the substrate kynuramine (Ki = 154 microM and 133 microM, respectively). L-alpha-methyl-DOPA competitively inhibited MAO-A (Ki = 121 microM). MAO-A and MAO-B of human liver mitochondria were also inhibited by L-DOPA (Ki = 152 microM and 275 microM, respectively). These results indicate that L-DOPA or L-alpha-methyl-DOPA might act, to some extent, by perturbing the catabolism of brain biogenic amines, but no direct evidence indicates that the brain concentrations of these drugs achieved during therapy are high enough to inhibit MAO activity. PMID- 3247498 TI - [Aspirin and the heart: a call for consideration]. PMID- 3247499 TI - [Angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Is left ventricular compliance also normal?]. PMID- 3247500 TI - [AV fulguration using high frequency (radio frequency) current: an alternative therapy for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias]. PMID- 3247501 TI - [Transseptal catheterization: a technic which is coming back]. PMID- 3247502 TI - [Changes in coronary sinus blood flow in patients with ischemic disease during Valsalva's maneuver]. PMID- 3247503 TI - [Ischemic heart disease (VII). Determinants of functional recovery after thrombolytic treatment]. PMID- 3247504 TI - [Duplication of the tricuspid valve]. PMID- 3247505 TI - [Addison's disease and hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3247506 TI - [Pulsar analysis of the 24-hour secretion of GH in normal subjects, in acromegalics and in patients with non-secreting and prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma]. PMID- 3247507 TI - [Lysozyme content and activity in the healty skin of normal subjects and diabetics]. PMID- 3247508 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmia caused by intracellular electrolyte imbalance in severe multiple organ insufficiency]. PMID- 3247509 TI - [A case of associated autoimmune hemolytic anemia and polycythemia vera]. PMID- 3247510 TI - [Interferon as a sensitizing agent toward chemotherapy in a case of multiple myeloma refractory to treatment]. PMID- 3247512 TI - [Interstitial lung disease in connective tissue inflammation. Evaluation by means of bronchoalveolar lavage]. PMID- 3247511 TI - [Evaluation of the obstetrical risk in pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis treated with S-adenosyl-L-methionine]. PMID- 3247513 TI - [Early pregnancy. 27th meeting of the French Society for the Study of Fertility. Paris, 29-30 September, 1 October 1988. Proceedings]. PMID- 3247514 TI - Establishment of uteroplacental circulation. AB - Haemochorial placentation, as it occurs in the human and other primate and rodent species, requires a connection of the placenta with supplying maternal (uteroplacental) arteries. Very little is known of the initial stages but endovascular trophoblast invasion seems to represent an essential element for further elaboration of an adequate uteroplacental circulation. In the human, endovascular trophoblast arrives in myometrial segments of spiral arteries only from about 15 weeks of pregnancy. This is preceded by an interstitial type of cytotrophoblast invasion which seems to be associated with regressive changes in spiral artery walls. It is possible that the latter forms an essential priming factor to allow subsequent endovascular migration. Endovascular trophoblast invasion has been documented in different laboratory animals, including the rat and the golden hamster. Especially in the latter case a sequence of changes in the maternal component, i.e. the maternal cellular elements in the spiral artery walls, precede the arrival of trophoblast. Besides, there is also some evidence of haemodynamical factor(s) influencing trophoblast migration. Because of the importance of this phenomenon in the establishment of an adequate uteroplacental circulation, it is essential to develop further experimental models for studying pathological situations as exist in human pregnancy. PMID- 3247515 TI - Effect of chronic renal failure on respiratory muscle strength. AB - In 10 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), undergoing hemodialysis, we studied respiratory muscle strength and endurance. The data obtained was compared with those acquired from 10 age-, sex-, weight- and height-matched normal volunteers. Maximal static inspiratory pressures (PImax) measured at residual volume and maximal static expiratory pressure (PEmax) measured at total lung capacity were significantly lower in the CRF group, 58.2 +/- (SD)24.9 and 50.8 +/ (SD)24.2% of predicted, respectively (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.01). There was a significant correlation between PImax and PEmax (r = 0.827, p less than 0.001), indicating similar involvement of both inspiratory and expiratory muscle groups. Maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), although 84.4% of the predicted value in the CRF group, was significantly lower than in the control group, where it was 114% of predicted (p less than 0.001). MVV also correlated significantly with PImax and PEmax (r = 0.764, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.807, p less than 0.001, respectively). All but one CRF patient had elevated erum inorganic phosphorus levels, and a significant correlation was found between the serum inorganic phosphorus levels and PImax and PEmax (r = 0.718, p less than 0.001). These data indicate that there is an impairment of respiratory muscle strength and endurance in patients with CRF which may predispose the patient to respiratory muscle fatigue. PMID- 3247516 TI - Intermittent and continuous salbutamol rotacaps inhalation in asthmatic patients. AB - We studied 18 asthmatic patients over an 8-week period. Each patient received for 4 weeks continuous and for 4 weeks intermittent salbutamol rotacaps (400 micrograms) using a double-crossover technique. No significant differences were found between the two treatment regimens as judged by daily card scores and daily PEFR (both a.m and p.m.). Lung Function tests performed monthly in the hospital showed no significant differences between two treatments or the development of bronchial beta-adrenoreceptor resistance. PMID- 3247517 TI - Regional distribution of ventilation in chronic obstructive lung disease and the effect of salbutamol. AB - Regional distribution of ventilation was assessed in 5 normal volunteers, and 19 patients with symptomatic chronic obstructive lung disease (COAD) using the technique of gated lung ventilation imaging with 127Xe. The results of this technique were compared with the more conventional assessment of regional ventilation by analysis of 127Xe wash-out curves. Both techniques demonstrate loss of the normal gravitational distribution of ventilation in patients with severe COAD which is significantly reduced from normals in upper, middle and lower zones of each lung, being most marked in the lower zones (p less than 0.01). Gated lung imaging also shows a significant reduction of regional ventilation in patients with mild to moderate COAD compared to normals but only in the lower zones (p less than 0.05). Gated lung imaging provides a better quantitative method of assessing regional lung function than wash-out analysis and confirms loss of the normal gravitational distribution of ventilation in patients with obstructive lung disease and relates this to severity of disease. The distribution of ventilation was also assessed in 6 patients with severe COAD before and after placebo or salbutamol. There was a significant improvement of the distribution of ventilation to the lung bases after salbutamol (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3247518 TI - Effect of ketotifen on the bronchodilation induced by salbutamol. AB - Twelve subjects with stable asthma each inhaled two puffs (200 micrograms) of salbutamol on 2 separate days 3 h after double-blind oral administration of ketotifen (two 1-mg capsules) or identical placebo. FEV1 was recorded before and at intervals for 4 h after inhalation of salbutamol. Overall, the FEV1 was significantly greater during the 4-hour period after premedication with ketotifen (p less than 0.02) and the difference between the effect of placebo and ketotifen was statistically significant at 120, 180 and 240 min after salbutamol (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3247519 TI - Biopsy-documented tuberculous pleural effusion in a patient with biopsy-proven coexisting sarcoidosis. AB - One year after treatment with corticosteroids for sarcoidosis, a patient presented with biopsy-documented tuberculous pleural effusion while characteristic histopathological findings of sarcoidosis coexisted in many tissues of peripheral organs. Tuberculous pleurisy developed in the presence of disseminated persistent sarcoidosis. Although the interaction of the pathophysiological mechanisms between these two entities is not clear, it is possible that the existence of one does not allow the clinical expression of the other. PMID- 3247520 TI - Influence of a fibrothorax on the flow/volume curve. AB - Rigidity of the thorax with relatively 'normal' lungs can show typical changes in the flow/volume curve that could be diagnostic. These changes caused by 'entrapment' of the lungs are described and illustrated by means of a case report of a patient with bilateral fibrothorax caused by bilateral tuberculous pleural effusions. PMID- 3247521 TI - Metastatic pulmonary calcification in sarcoidosis. AB - A patient with sarcoidosis with elevated 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D levels, hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, and moderate azotemia is presented because of development of metastatic pulmonary calcification which was diagnosed by radioisotope scanning and tissue biopsy. PMID- 3247522 TI - Massive hydrothorax complicating liver cirrhosis as a result of a diaphragmatic defect. PMID- 3247523 TI - [Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia]. PMID- 3247524 TI - [Relationship between ischemic size and infarct size in the closed-chest dog]. PMID- 3247525 TI - [Clinicopathological studies on myasthenia gravis and thymus]. PMID- 3247526 TI - [Preinfarction angina and coronary thrombolysis]. PMID- 3247527 TI - [Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous cibenzoline succinate, a new class I antiarrhythmic agent]. PMID- 3247528 TI - [Usefulness of OPC-8212, an inotropic agent, in patients with chronic congestive heart failure--a multiple dose evaluation on its effect and arrhythmogenesis]. PMID- 3247529 TI - [A case of acromegaly with broad conduction disturbance]. PMID- 3247531 TI - [Endomyocardial biopsy: technique and processing of specimen]. PMID- 3247530 TI - [A case of coronary artery spasm following wasp sting; possible mechanism of coronary artery spasm]. PMID- 3247532 TI - [The findings of endomyocardial biopsies in hypertensive hearts and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3247533 TI - [Myocardial biopsy in dilated cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3247534 TI - [Lymphatic subsets in myocardial tissue and peripheral blood of biopsy proven myocarditis]. PMID- 3247535 TI - [Usefulness of endomyocardial biopsy in patients with cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 3247536 TI - [Production of volume-overloaded left ventricle-chronic aortic regurgitation in closed-chest rabbits]. PMID- 3247537 TI - [The influence of a long-acting formulation of propranolol on the circadian rhythm of heart rate in elderly patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 3247538 TI - [Body surface distribution of QTc interval in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3247539 TI - [Relationship between the QTc and the control of blood sugar in diabetic patients]. PMID- 3247540 TI - [Histopathological examination of endomyocardial biopsy in the cases of supraventricular tachycardia in children]. PMID- 3247541 TI - [A case report of pseudomyocardial infarction due to hyperkalemia]. PMID- 3247542 TI - [A case of three different reciprocal tachycardias due to left concealed accessory pathway and dual A-V nodal pathways]. PMID- 3247543 TI - [An autopsy case of saccular aneurysm of the aortic arch with direct rupture into the pericardium]. PMID- 3247544 TI - [A case report of aneurysmal coronary arterio-pulmonary artery fistula]. PMID- 3247545 TI - [A case of acute respiratory failure precipitated by long-acting nifedipine]. PMID- 3247547 TI - [A preliminary study of norfloxacin in the treatment of trachoma]. PMID- 3247546 TI - [Results of a survey of the prevalence of trachoma and glaucoma in 2 departments of Southern Algeria and practical deductions]. PMID- 3247548 TI - [A survey of visual deficiencies in a focus of endemic onchocerciasis]. PMID- 3247549 TI - [General assembly of the I.O.A.T. and of Ligue Francaise Contre le Trachome. International Organization Against Trachoma. Paris, France, May 3, 1987. Proceedings]. PMID- 3247550 TI - New classification of trachoma. PMID- 3247551 TI - Prevention of blindness. Economic and methodologic approach. PMID- 3247552 TI - [Initial clinical symptoms of acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 3247553 TI - Carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 3247554 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in elderly patients with chronic bronchitis and arteriosclerosis complications]. PMID- 3247555 TI - [Acute multiple duodenal ulcers. Diagnostic and therapeutic management]. PMID- 3247556 TI - [Myositis and toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 3247557 TI - [Nutritional chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 3247558 TI - [Experimental phytobezoar and weight loss in rats]. PMID- 3247559 TI - Improvement of reproductibility and quality control of human growth hormone radioiodination. PMID- 3247560 TI - Postnatal development of prekallikrein (Fletcher factor) in man. AB - The aim of the present study was to determine the concentration of plasma prekallikrein in healthy infants during the first year of life. Prekallikrein levels evaluated by a chromogenic substrate assay were low in the first 15 days of life and increased progressively from the third week of life, reaching normal adult values after the third month of life. The low levels of prekallikrein during the neonatal age reflect the impaired ability of liver cells to synthesize proteins. PMID- 3247562 TI - [Proceedings of the satellite symposium 'Pentoxifylline 1988'. Firenze, 4 February 1988]. PMID- 3247561 TI - D-sorbitol plasma disappearance rate: an index to evaluate changes in liver circulation. AB - The hepatic clearance of D-sorbitol was proven to be a reliable parameter for evaluating the functional liver plasma flow. Twenty-five normal subjects and 50 cirrhotic patients were studied in order to assess if the measure of the plasma disappearance rate of sorbitol can be used as a simpler procedure to evaluate changes in liver perfusion and to predict modifications of drug bioavailability due to circulatory events. The plasma disappearance rate was calculated between 10 and 20 min after intravenous administration of a 2-g dose because in this time interval plasma levels were in the optimum range for the chemical assay, and the plasma concentration/time curve fitted a decreasing exponential function. Plasma disappearance rate values were found to correlate significantly (r = 0.666, p less than 0.001) with sorbitol hepatic clearance, as calculated after the 2-h test. The test had a good day-to-day reproducibility both in normal subjects and cirrhotic patients. In 5 patients submitted to surgical side-to-side portacaval shunt, decreases of plasma disappearance rate and sorbitol hepatic clearance showed no significant difference. Mean values (+/- SD) of D-sorbitol plasma disappearance rate were 0.048 +/- 0.014 min-1 in cirrhotic patients, and 0.081 +/ 0.014 min-1 in normal subjects (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3247563 TI - [Pharmacological and therapeutic features of cerebral ischemic conditions]. PMID- 3247564 TI - [Effect of pentoxifylline on pulmonary hemodynamics]. PMID- 3247565 TI - Use of botulinum toxin in Meige's disease. AB - Four patients with severe Meige's disease (blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia) have been treated, after having given an informed consent, by local injections of purified botulinum toxin type "A". Previous systemic therapy with anticholinergics, dopamine antagonists and other drugs had been unsuccessful in all these subjects. Each patient was treated by saline solution injected with the same method as botulinum toxin, just once. The self-evaluation of patients and the clinical evaluation that some of us- unaware of the kind of therapy which had been performed- gave to the symptoms on the basis of videotapes, for each session of injection, showed that the injections of botulinum toxin are effective in the treatment of such disorder. The duration of the beneficial effect was slightly shorter in these patients than in patients with blepharospasm treated by the same method. PMID- 3247566 TI - [Hemicrania-epilepsy syndrome: clinical contribution and pathogenetic interpretation]. AB - 6 patients suffering from migraine and consciousness disturbances occurring together in a significant chronologic association were selected retrospectively. Clinical, radiologic and electroencephalographic data are reported; the hypothesis of a common pathogenesis of the two syndromes is discussed by means of the "neural" theory of migraine and the results of cerebral blood flow studies in migrainous subjects. In addition, the therapeutic effectiveness of the pharmacologic association between calcium-antagonists and antiepileptic drugs in some patients is remarked. PMID- 3247568 TI - Medical diagnostic X-ray irradiation and risk of leukemia in urban adult population of Poland. II. Bone marrow dose distributions. PMID- 3247567 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic problems of acute necrotizing herpetic encephalitis]. AB - The AA, study the case of patient presenting three relapses of severe herpetic encephalitic. These episodes were studied by TAC, RNM and EEG. The diagnostic and prognostic role of these examinations are stressed in discussion. PMID- 3247569 TI - [Evaluation of cadmium, mercury and lead levels in typical diets]. PMID- 3247570 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of iodine level in daily food rations of hospitalized children]. PMID- 3247571 TI - [Presence of volatile N-nitrosamines in fishes and fish products]. PMID- 3247572 TI - [Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in hare's fat]. PMID- 3247573 TI - [Pollution of the natural environment in the Rzeszow province and its effect on human health]. PMID- 3247574 TI - [Effect of vanadium on selected biochemical parameters of the blood and internal organs in rats]. PMID- 3247575 TI - [Subchronic toxicity of penicillin G and products of its thermal degradation after peroral administration]. PMID- 3247576 TI - [The Presence of bacteria of the genus Yersinia in water from private wells]. PMID- 3247577 TI - [Relation of the reaction of the circulatory system to acoustic stimulation and the exposure of schoolchildren to noise in their homes]. PMID- 3247578 TI - Differences in liver reparatory activity in male and female rats following the administration of carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 3247579 TI - X-ray and xenobiotic effect on rat liver oxygen tension. PMID- 3247580 TI - Effect of BrdU on the number of nucleoli and the frequency of satellite associations in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. PMID- 3247582 TI - The Poul Astrup prize 1988. Nordic contributions to clinical chemistry honoured by the Poul Astrup prize 1988. PMID- 3247581 TI - Genetically based animal model of affective disorders: the spontaneously hypertensive rats of Koletsky type. PMID- 3247583 TI - A new model for coagulation factor V suggesting a unique mechanism of activation. AB - Blood coagulation factor V, the labile factor, is an important cofactor in the activation of prothrombin. Approximately 10 years ago, the first purification procedures for undegraded factor V from bovine and human plasma were reported. This was the starting point for a new area in the research on factor V structure function relationships. In parallel to this, the structure of the even more labile anti-hemophilic factor (factor VIII) has been elucidated and the two proteins are found to be very similar in structure and in function. In this mini review, I will focus on work performed in our laboratory, which has led forward to the proposal of a new structural model for factor V. It is based on results obtained with several different techniques, including protein chemistry, DNA technology and high resolution electron microscopy. In plasma, factor V circulates as a single chain, high molecular weight protein. During coagulation a limited number of peptide bonds are cleaved in the factor V molecule by thrombin. This leads to a great increase in biological activity. The active Va species is composed of a noncovalent complex between the N- and C-terminal fragments, whereas the activation fragments correspond to the carbohydrate-rich central portion of the molecule. The activity of factor Va is regulated through the selective degradation of the N-terminal heavy chain fragment by activated protein C. Purified human and bovine factor V was examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Factor V was found to be composed of four major domains, three similar sized globular structures (diameter approx. 80 A) are linked via thin spacers to a larger central domain (diameter approx. 140 A). Activation with thrombin results in a reorganization of the molecule. The thrombin cleavage sites are positioned in the spacers between the different domains and two of the peripheral domains combine to form the active Va species. The new factor V model suggests that a unique and dramatic molecular reorganization occurs during the activation of factor V by thrombin and indicates that the low biological activity of single chain factor V is due to the physical separation of the N- and C-terminal domains by the large central region. Full biological activity can only be expressed after limited proteolysis by thrombin, when the two initially separated domains are free to combine to form the active factor Va molecule. PMID- 3247584 TI - Laboratory detection of aspartylglycosaminuria. AB - New specific methods for laboratory detection of a lysosomal storage disease aspartylglycosaminuria were developed. Aspartylglucosamine, the main metabolite accumulating in the body fluids and tissues in the disease, was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography in urine of aspartylglycosaminuria patients, carriers of the disease and normal controls as well as in amniotic fluid of normal pregnancies and one with the fetus affected by aspartylglycosaminuria. In the diseased patients, the aspartylglucosamine excretion was over 1,000-fold elevated compared to that in the carriers and controls. In the pregnancy with the fetus affected by the disease, the concentration of aspartylglucosamine was only slightly elevated, but lower than that in urine of normal individuals. As a conclusion, the determination of aspartylglucosamine in urine allowed postnatal detection of aspartylglycosaminuria, but in amniotic fluid it was useless in prenatal detection of the disease. The activity of the deficient enzyme in aspartylglycosaminuria, aspartylglycosylaminase, was assayed with a specific gas chromatographic method. The enzyme activity was shown to lack in plasma, lymphocytes and amniotic fluid of aspartylglycosaminuria patients and the method proved applicable for postnatal and prenatal detection of aspartylglycosaminuria. The enzyme activity in lymphocytes of the carriers fell between those in normal controls and aspartylglycosaminuria patients, and the assay could be used in carrier detection in most of the cases. PMID- 3247585 TI - Underreporting of alcohol-related mortality from cirrhosis is declining in Sweden and Denmark. AB - Death rates for alcoholic cirrhosis ran parallel to alcohol consumption in Sweden and Denmark from 1961 to 1986, according to official statistics. Reported death rates for alcoholic cirrhosis and for non-alcoholic cirrhosis increased linearly from 1965 to 1976 in Sweden and from 1967 to 1973 in Denmark. This suggests that constant proportions of deaths from real alcoholic cirrhosis are misclassified in official statistics as due to non-alcoholic cirrhosis during these time periods. Assuming that the mortality from real non-alcoholic cirrhosis is constant (c), a statistical model for estimating both c and the misclassification rates for real alcoholic cirrhosis (p) is proposed. In the Sweden population and in Danish males c was about 5 deaths per 100,000 adults annually. The model was not applicable to Danish females because their mortality from non-alcoholic cirrhosis decreased. The misclassification rate p was about 55% in both Swedish and Danish males and 70% in Swedish females during the above time periods. Moreover, during the past decade p has decreased to 30% in Swedish and Danish males. PMID- 3247586 TI - Human gastric lipase: variations induced by gastrointestinal hormones and by pathology. AB - Secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin had no effect on the secretion of human gastric lipase, in contrast to pentagastrin, which increased the gastric lipase output but not the enzyme concentration in gastric juice. The secretion of gastric lipase was not significantly different in patients with duodenal ulcer or chronic pancreatitis and in controls. In contrast, basal gastric lipase concentration was significantly lower in children with cystic fibrosis than in normal children. This shows that neither in adults nor in children is there a compensation for a decreased lipase secretion by an increased gastric lipase secretion. PMID- 3247587 TI - Food intake in relation to pouch volume, stoma diameter, and pouch emptying after gastroplasty for morbid obesity. AB - This study investigated possible determinants of food intake change after gastroplastry. Preoperatively and 6 and 12 months postoperatively, 27 morbidly obese patients were prospectively examined with 7-day food registration and radiologic measurement of pouch volume and stoma diameter. Pouch emptying was determined as the mean transit time by a scintigraphic method. None of the measured variables was found to influence the change in food intake taking place during the first 6 months, when most of the weight loss was observed. Between 6 and 12 months, the change of stoma diameter was positively associated with the change of solid foods consumed (by weight, p = 0.01; by energy content, p = 0.02). The change of pouch volume was negatively associated with the change of energy from beverages (p = 0.005). In conclusion, it seems impossible to tailor the reduction of food intake through adjustments of the surgical dimensions, at least within the ranges of our observations. Increased food consumption and decreased energy intake with beverages may be caused by late dilations, or vice versa. PMID- 3247588 TI - Assessment of gastric antisecretory effects of phenoxyisobutyrate derivatives in the rat and the mouse. AB - After the observation of a low incidence of gastric carcinoid tumours in rats, but not in mice, given ciprofibrate for 2 years, ciprofibrate and related compounds were investigated for gastric antisecretory activity. A significant inhibition of gastric secretion, similar to that induced by comparable doses of cimetidine, was observed in the fischer rat 1.5 h after a single oral (200 or 500 mg kg-1) or intraduodenal (100 or 300 mg kg-1) administration of ciprofibrate, bezafibrate, and clofibric acid. Ciprofibrate had prolonged antisecretory activity when compared with bezafibrate or ranitidine. Prolonged inhibition of gastric secretion is proposed as the primary cause of gastric carcinoids in the rat, since in a comparative evaluation, antisecretory activity was observed in the rat but not in the mouse. PMID- 3247589 TI - Diagnostic value of ascitic fluid cholesterol levels in the prediction of malignancy. AB - In a prospective study abdominal paracentesis with ascitic fluid aspiration was performed in 54 consecutive patients with ascites of unknown cause. The ascitic fluid was examined cytologically and bacteriologically. The total cholesterol concentration was measured with an enzymatic colorimetric method. Malignant disease was diagnosed in 34 patients. Two of them had both malignant disease and liver cirrhosis and were excluded. Seventeen patients had liver cirrhosis, one had acute pancreatitis, and two had decompensated heart disease. The diagnostic value of an ascitic cholesterol concentration greater than 1.2 mmol/l in terms of predicting malignant disease was 87.5% (95% confidence limits, 71.0-96.5). The predictive value of an ascitic cholesterol concentration less than or equal to 1.2 mmol/l in terms of benign disease was 80.0% (95% confidence limits, 56.3 94.3). It is concluded that ascitic cholesterol measurement is a valuable supplement to cytologic examination in distinguishing between ascites of malignant and benign origin. PMID- 3247590 TI - Selective vitamin B12 malabsorption in adult coeliac disease. Report on three cases with associated autoimmune diseases. AB - Three cases of adult coeliac disease with severe vitamin B12 deficiency not accompanied by folate or iron depletion are presented. Two of the patients had the extremely rare combination of coeliac disease and lack of intrinsic factor and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. A close association between coeliac disease and autoimmunity is indicated by the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in the third patient. Vitamin B12 malabsorption caused by coeliac disease is emphasized as a pathogenetic mechanism of megaloblastic anaemia. PMID- 3247591 TI - The obligate anaerobic faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease and their first-degree relatives. AB - The obligate anaerobic faecal floras of patients with Crohn's disease, their first-degree relatives, and healthy control subjects were compared. The flora of Crohn's patients contained more anaerobic gram-positive coccoid rods and gram negative rods than that of healthy subjects; on this basis patients and healthy subjects formed two clusters with minor overlap. Nine of 26 children of Crohn's patients were also included within the Crohn's disease cluster. During 5 to 7 years of follow-up study 3 of them presented with remitting abdominal pain, diarrhoea, or weight loss, and in 1 of them Crohn's disease was diagnosed; none of the 17 children with a normal flora showed symptoms possibly due to Crohn's disease. It is concluded that the abnormal flora may be indigenous to subjects predisposed to Crohn's disease, suggesting a direct or indirect relationship between the abnormal faecal flora and Crohn's disease. PMID- 3247592 TI - Time of administration influences gastric inhibitory effects of ranitidine. AB - The overnight gastric secretion of patients with duodenal ulcer or oesophagitis and of healthy volunteers known to be gastric nocturnal hypersecretors was studied after administration of ranitidine at 1815 h or 2200 h. Patients with oesophagitis showed a significant therapeutic 'gain' after the earlier (1815 h) dosing, with gastric inhibition lasting an average of 5 h longer. A similar pattern was observed in the nine patients with duodenal ulcer, although three of these patients showed some degree of escape from the gastric inhibition after 0400 h following the 1815 h administration of ranitidine. All of the volunteers also had better inhibition before midnight with the earlier dosing, but after midnight the gastric inhibition was significantly less after the 1815 h than after the 2200 h dosing with ranitidine. We conclude that early evening dosing with ranitidine is the treatment of choice for patients with reflux oesophagitis. However, bedtime administration of ranitidine is preferable for individuals with gastric hypersecretion, since earlier dosing may result in failure to inhibit gastric secretion satisfactorily during most of the night. PMID- 3247593 TI - Effects of cigarette smoking on the clinical course of ulcerative colitis. AB - We assessed the effect of smoking on the clinical course of ulcerative colitis in 209 subjects by comparing disease severity in smokers and non-smokers as measured by yearly number of hospitalizations for ulcerative colitis treatment and the need for a colectomy. Hospitalization for ulcerative colitis treatment occurred less frequently in persons who smoked after disease onset, but the colectomy rate in persons who smoked after disease onset and non-smokers was similar. Both hospitalization and colectomy for treatment of ulcerative colitis occurred more frequently among smokers who quit before disease onset. Furthermore, hospitalization and colectomy occurred most frequently in the heaviest smokers who quit before disease onset. We found no strong evidence of a therapeutic effect of smoking after ulcerative colitis onset on this illness's clinical course, but smoking before disease onset may affect the clinical severity of this illness. PMID- 3247594 TI - Studies on the regulation of malignant phenotype and gene expression in human promyelocytic leukemia cell mutant (HL-60-AR). AB - The present study has investigated the regulation of malignant phenotype and gene expression in a human promyelocytic leukemia cell mutant (HL-60-AR) by means of cellular engineering technique of cybridization between the fusions of the mutant cells with enucleated mouse reticulocytes. Results indicate that the cybrid cells (HL-R) incorporated with reticulocyte cytoplasts become differentiated, and the malignancy is obviously suppressed or reversed to a certain degree when compared with those of parental tumor cells. They lose the growth ability to form colony soft agar medium, become non-tumorigenic under heterotransplantation to nude mice, and are accompanied by decrease in growth rate, cellular mitotic index and DNA synthesis. No gene transcripts or homologous sequence of mRNA corresponding to c-myc oncogene can be detected in cybrid cells by Northern blot technique with cloned c-myc gene probe, suggesting that the expression of originally active c myc has been inhibited. On the other hand, analysis, by the same molecular hybridization technique with human globin gene probe and by PAGE method, of the expression of globin gene products in cybrid cells detected at the transcription (globin mRNA) and translation (hemoglobin) levels demonstrates consistently that originally inactive human globin gene has been activated to express in passages. These results suggest that some regulatory factors existing in reticulocyte cytoplasm can regulate gene expression and reverse malignant phenotype of leukemia tumor cells. PMID- 3247595 TI - [Action potential of inactivated mammalian muscle fibres]. PMID- 3247597 TI - [Relationship between pressor area of ventral surface of medulla oblongata and baroreflex in rabbits]. PMID- 3247596 TI - [The effects of acetylcholine on the electric activities of pain reaction neurons in nucleus parafascicularis of thalamus and midbrain reticular formation in rats]. PMID- 3247598 TI - [Slow cortical responses evoked by frequency modulation of repetitive clicks and response thresholds in guinea pigs]. PMID- 3247599 TI - [The effects of cerebellar fastigial stimulation on blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity]. PMID- 3247600 TI - [Spinal cord pathways mediating somatosensory cortical electrical responses evoked by C fiber inputs]. PMID- 3247601 TI - [Increased leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid during stimulation of hypothalamic defence area in rabbits]. PMID- 3247602 TI - [Sympathicus stimulates gastrin release in vagotomized rats]. PMID- 3247603 TI - [Effects of intracerebroventricular and intravenous injection of morphine on the migrating myoelectric complex in dogs]. PMID- 3247604 TI - [[3H]tyrosine binding to the corpus luteal cells of the rat in vitro]. PMID- 3247605 TI - [Photoaffinity labeling of glucocorticoid receptor]. PMID- 3247606 TI - [Long-term experience with the endocardial Spectraflex tined electrode]. PMID- 3247607 TI - [Choledocho-duodenal fistula due to choledocholithiasis]. PMID- 3247608 TI - [A case report of psittacosis]. PMID- 3247609 TI - [Use of local infiltration anesthesia in microsurgical interventions in the middle ear]. PMID- 3247610 TI - [Adult picture of polycystic disease of the kidney]. PMID- 3247611 TI - [Monitoring of patients with implanted pacemakers]. PMID- 3247612 TI - [Important practical differences in arterial vascularization of the wall of the cecum]. PMID- 3247613 TI - [A normal protein diet, long-term intake of hydrocortisone and the histologic histochemical characteristics of the gastric mucosa in rats]. PMID- 3247615 TI - [Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in neonates and infants]. PMID- 3247614 TI - [Intermittent peritoneal dialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3247616 TI - [Plasma carriers of vitamin B 12 in normal controls and in the initial diagnosis of pernicious anemia]. PMID- 3247618 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. II. Prognostic factors]. PMID- 3247617 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. I. Clinico-biological features in a series of 98 patients]. PMID- 3247620 TI - [Treatment with m-AMSA in the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 3247619 TI - [30th reunion of the Spanish Association of Hematology and Hemotherapy. Santiago de Compostela, 27, 28 and 29 October 1988. Abstracts (first of two parts)]. PMID- 3247621 TI - [Evaluation of a totally automatic system for determining the erythrocyte sedimentation rate]. PMID- 3247622 TI - [Beta and beta-delta thalassemia heterozygotes in the province of Alicante. Epidemiologic features]. PMID- 3247623 TI - [Antigenic and allelic frequencies of the HLA system in the central Cantabrian regions (locus A and B)]. PMID- 3247624 TI - [Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus and the lymphadenopathy clinical picture. Clinico-developmental study of 86 patients]. PMID- 3247625 TI - [Hematologic phenotype versus cytogenic phenotype in 124 chronic myeloproliferative syndromes (1979-1987)]. PMID- 3247626 TI - [Comparative analysis of 3 therapeutic regimens based on the combination of an anthracycline and cytosine arabinoside for remission induction in myeloblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3247628 TI - [30th meeting of the Spanish Association of Hematology and Hemotherapy. Santiago de Compostela, 27, 28, and 29 October 1988. Abstracts (second and final part)]. PMID- 3247629 TI - [Think what we can do for a 10-kroner bill more per month. Interview by Grethe Kjaergaard]. PMID- 3247627 TI - [Inefficiency of cisplatin and epidoxorubicin as a treatment in resistant adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3247630 TI - [Club for nurses. Interview by Mette Ellergaard]. PMID- 3247631 TI - [Many mandates to the large county boards]. PMID- 3247632 TI - [Election of representative should not just be a ritual act]. PMID- 3247633 TI - [Students will decide more issues]. PMID- 3247635 TI - [Proposal for a new legislative text]. PMID- 3247634 TI - [Proposal for only one kind of professional society]. PMID- 3247636 TI - [Strike France. French nurses in an uproar]. PMID- 3247638 TI - [Strength--weakness in the Danish Nursing Council. Interview by Mette-Marie Davidsen]. PMID- 3247637 TI - [It is a question of creating new possibilities]. PMID- 3247639 TI - [The choice of the individual mode of hyperbaric oxygenation in treating patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - Analysis of HBO use in 287 CHD patients has shown that individual HBO regimens can be selected both by an increase in tissue pO2 in response to a HBO session and by an initial type of patients' blood circulation. PMID- 3247640 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the cardiac involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and Bechterew's disease (based on clinical and echocardiographic data)]. PMID- 3247641 TI - [The clinical and psychological aspects of permanent and temporary loss of work capacity in patients with postinfarct cardiosclerosis]. AB - Stable and temporary disability was studied in 333 patients after myocardial infarction. Peculiarities of a clinical course of the postinfarction period, physical exercise tolerance and psychoemotional factors were shown to influence disability indices. A painful course of postinfarction cardiosclerosis, particularly anginal pains combined with cardialgia, low working capacity indices and psychic changes were the main causes of stable and temporary disability. PMID- 3247642 TI - [Coronary reserve and myocardial function in unstable stenocardia]. AB - A total of 168 patients admitted to the intensive care department with the diagnosis of unstable angina pectoris (UA), were investigated. Proceeding from the clinical criteria, the patients were divided into 2 groups: with primary (the 1st group) and progressive (the 2nd group) angina. The diagnosis was confirmed by the transesophageal pacing test (TEPT) performed in parallel with two-dimensional echocardiography. Positive TEPT was noted in 84% of the patients in the 2nd group and in 39% of the patients in the 1st group. The volume and expression of ischemia at the height of stimulation (ECTG findings) did not differ in both groups. Some patients with negative TEPT (in both groups) demonstrated an unfavorable time course of volumetric indices: an increase in end systolic and end diastolic volumes, a decrease in the ejection fraction. However, the diagnosis of CHD could not be excluded. Patients need further examination. PMID- 3247643 TI - [Relation of the nutritional characteristics of the population to the blood plasma level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol]. AB - During examination of a sample of 1559 persons in one of the districts in the city of Kiev, statistically significant relationship between the level of plasma HDL cholesterol and the type of nutrition was obtained. Persons with hypoalphacholesterolemia consumed more fats, including animal fats, cholesterol, sugar and less polyunsaturated fatty acids, starch retinol, ascorbic acid, and manganese. The use of recommendations for rational nutrition on the basis of the results of the study in the group of persons with hypoalphacholesterolemia allowed a 30.7% increase in HDL cholesterol, and a 1.7-fold decrease in the atherogenic index as compared to basic data. PMID- 3247644 TI - [Chronic asthmatic bronchitis]. AB - The main pathogenetic mechanisms and morphological picture of chronic asthmatic bronchitis are similar to those of bronchial asthma. The only difference is the absence of regular fits of asphyxia. Diagnosis of this disease is based upon the detection of the broncho-obstructive syndrome and verification of its allergic origin. Therapy of chronic asthmatic bronchitis is based on the same principles as that of bronchial asthma. PMID- 3247646 TI - [The inheritance of disorders of heart rhythm in 3 generations (a family history)]. AB - The paper is concerned with the description of a family where father suffered from right bundle-branch block, his daughter--from Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (type B) with attacks of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia, one granddaughter--from Clerc-Levy-Cristesco syndrome with attacks of sinus tachycardia, the two other granddaughters had a short P-R interval. Medicogenetic investigation revealed not only the inheritance of myocardial conduction changes of autosomal dominant type but also of syndromes characterizing primary dysplasia of connective tissue in 3 generations. PMID- 3247645 TI - [Psychological and psychosomatic prerequisites for the development of duodenal peptic ulcer]. AB - Altogether 276 male patients with duodenal ulcer (DU), 45 with the preulcerative condition (PUC) and 70 with gastroduodenitis were examined. Anxiety-depressive disorders were most frequently revealed in all the groups. The frequency of hypochondriac fixation in DU increased. The neurohormonal "basis" of affective rigidity is formed during PUC. Specific variants of neurohormonal rearrangement in the transformation of PUC into DU were revealed in depressive, anxiety and hysterical manifestations. PMID- 3247648 TI - [Phenotypic characteristics of patients with the premature ventricular excitation syndrome]. AB - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPWS) was combined in a majority of patients with various syndromes of primary dysplasia of connective tissue determining phenotypic characteristics of patients. They are also of considerable diagnostic importance. During examination of 200 WPWS patients, asthenic constitution, dolichocephalism and arachnodactyly were revealed in most of them. The most frequent stigmata of dysembryogenesis were the high palate (76%) the 3rd type of the ear lobe (36.6%), and epicanthus (20.5%). The funnel chest and thoracic kyphosis in the sagittal plane were noted in 30% of WPWS patients. The syndrome of articular hypermobility was diagnosed in 51.6% of the patients with WPWS, of them 37% had extraarticular manifestations in the form of varicosis of the crural veins. PMID- 3247647 TI - [Plasmosorption of low-density lipoproteins on heparin-sepharose columns]. AB - Plasmosorption on heparin sepharose columns was shown to cause a decrease in the concentration of atherogenic lipoproteins. The results obtained suggest that plasmosorption results in the improvement of the patients' status, a decrease in the frequency and intensity of anginal attacks. Columns can be effectively used after repeated regenerations up to 30-40 times. PMID- 3247649 TI - [The role of the natriuretic factor in the genesis of water-electrolyte disorders in patients with chronic circulatory failure]. AB - The paper is concerned with the results of a study of volume regulation in 102 patients with CHD complicated by heart failure. Disorder of the volumetric natriuretic reflex at the early stages of heart failure was shown. A conclusion was made of disorder of all links of volume regulation in patients with heart failure. PMID- 3247650 TI - [Idiopathic interstitial fibrosis of the lungs]. PMID- 3247651 TI - [Assessment of the calcium homeostatic state using the double calcium tolerance test]. AB - An acute tolerance test per os using calcium (Ca) lactate at a dose of 0.25 mmol of Ca per kg of body mass (calcium tolerance test--CTT) was performed twice in healthy persons (HP) and in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) of various degrees: before and after 3-day administration of the same dose of Ca lactate. The "double" CTT made it possible to detect in HP and CHF a "phenomenon of adaptation" to Ca excess in the body based probably on changes in the activity of calcium-regulating hormones. It was manifested in less marked and prolonged tolerance hypercalcemia and a more rapid and effective calciuretic reaction, and probably in decreased intestinal absorption of Ca. It pointed to reversibility of Ca metabolic derangements even in severe CHF and a possibility of their non medicamentous correction. PMID- 3247652 TI - [Clinico-biochemical parallels against a background of traditional treatment and laser therapy of patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - The paper is devoted to analysis of clinico-biochemical indices and a quest for additional pathologico-chemical criteria at the cell membrane level of the efficacy of helium-neon laser therapy in coronary heart disease (CHD). Another task was to decipher a number of metabolic signs of the phenomenon of CHD "exacerbation" in laser therapy (during 4-6 sessions). Positive clinical results were obtained in 98% of the patients. A favorable time course was noted in serum lipoprotein spectrum indices and in lipid and phospholipid structure of erythrocyte membranes. Laser therapy caused mobilization of the cell membrane antioxidant defense. The 4th-6th session of irradiation was marked by temporary clinical deterioration--"exacerbation" of disease accompanied by an increase in the level of erythrocyte total phospholipids (at the expense of PTEA), a decrease in free fatty acid deficiency against a background of advancing alpha-tocopherol deficiency and a rise of the blood level of lipid peroxidation primary products (diene conjugates). A conclusion was that membrane protective drugs and drugs enhancing cell energy and antioxidant defense resources promoting the "deactivation" of influence on the membrane of lipid peroxidation metabolites (tocopherol, Essentiale, retinol, etc.) should be incorporated in therapy of CHD in order to prevent the phenomenon of its "exacerbation". PMID- 3247653 TI - [The prevalence of ischemic heart disease among an organized population of Novosibirsk]. AB - In order to study CHD prevalence in an organized population (aged 20 to 59) in Novosibirsk a simultaneous cardiological study of workers and employees at one of the factories was conducted in 1985. CHD prevalence rate among all examinees was 12.2%. The growing number of risk factors brought about an increase in the number of detected CHD cases. Particular attention should be drawn to patients with risk factors and to prophylaxis among them. PMID- 3247654 TI - [Diagnostic aspects of ischemic abdominal visceropathy]. AB - The clinical picture and results of instrumental and laboratory investigation of 60 patients suffering from atherosclerosis of unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta with the involvement of the digestive system (ischemic abdominal visceropathy) were analyzed. A scheme of combined clinico-instrumental diagnosis of abdominal atherosclerosis to be made in a hospital was developed. PMID- 3247655 TI - [Effect of mukodin on indices of mucociliary transport]. AB - The authors report some data on the assessment of efficacy of mucodin, a modern expectorant. Its effect on the rate of mucociliary transport, rheological properties of sputum was studied in patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma. Administration of mucodin improves bronchial clearance promoting normalization of bronchial permeability; a positive time course of viscid-elastic indices of the sputum is noted in comparison with the control group. The drugs make no effect on the adhesive properties of sputum. Probable mechanisms of expectorant action of mucodin are discussed. PMID- 3247656 TI - [Effect of extracorporeal sorption on the content of free intracellular calcium of the leukocytes in atopic bronchial asthma]. AB - Antigen-IgE-antibody interaction on the cell surface in an allergic reaction increases methylation of phospholipids of a cell membrane making it permeable for Ca2+ ions. Therefore of interest is a study of free intracellular Ca2+ concentration from a view-point of development of atopic bronchial asthma and the use of extracorporal methods of its therapy permitting the elimination of IgE antibodies from the blood flow. The level of intracellular Ca2+ in the leukocytes of patients with atopic bronchial asthma was studied. It has been shown that 1. the fraction of leukocytes with a higher level of intracellular Ca2+ in patients with atopic bronchial asthma was increased as compared to healthy donors; 2. extracorporal sorption results in a decrease in the number of leukocytes with high Ca concentration. PMID- 3247657 TI - [Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage in assessing the efficacy of the treatment of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis]. AB - A study of the results of repeated diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage in 27 patients with idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (IFA) has shown that the investigation of cellular composition of the bronchoalveolar content (BAC) made it possible to specify IFA activity and its therapy-related change. Normalization or a decrease below 6% of the neutrophil content in BAC was typical of achieving low activity and remission of disease. A relatively high count of neutrophils in BAC (over 10%) during therapy was observed in preserved significant IFA activity resistant to drug therapy. PMID- 3247658 TI - [The role of rhythmic structures of the aortic intima in the development of atherosclerosis]. AB - A study was made of 606 specimens from dead males aged 20 to 39. The frequency and area of rhythmical structures (RS) of lipid spots and fibrous patches of aorta were determined after staining of aortae with Sudan IV. RSs were revealed in persons aged 20-29 and 30-39 in 70%. RS in the abdominal aorta was more frequent than in the thoracic aorta: at the age of 20-29-57.4 +/- 3 and 48.6 +/- 3.1%, at the age of 30-39-65.2 +/- 2.6 and 38.5 +/- 2.5%, respectively. There was no correlation between the mean expression of lipidosis and the frequency of RS in the aortic intima. In the presence of aortic RS fibrous patches were 4-5-fold more frequent than in their absence. In young patients fibrous patches often (in 80%) have macroscopic signs of development on RS site. The area of fibrous patches was 4-6-fold larger in persons with aortic RS than in those without RS. PMID- 3247659 TI - [Lymph node hyperplasia of the gastric antrum]. AB - Signs of hyperplasia of the lymph nodules of the antral part of the stomach (HLNAPS) were revealed in 352 adults and 213 children during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Endoscopic, clinical and morphological signs of this disease were described. HLNAPS resistance to common antiulcerative therapy was noted. The necessity of biopsy to specify this disease was emphasized. PMID- 3247660 TI - [The role of local factors regulating vascular blood flow in the development of hypoxia of the gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer]. AB - In 50 patients with gastric ulcer indices of oxygen tension (pO2) levels were investigated in correlation with the concentration of prostaglandins (E and F2 alpha), prostacyclin, thromboxane as well as with values of transmucous difference of potentials in different parts of the gastric mucosa, they were compared with 30 healthy controls. It has been assumed that the detected increase of reverse diffusion of hydrogen ions (the appearance of positive values of the transmembranous potential) and disorder of the ratio of prostanoids in favor of vasoconstrictors lead to a decrease in the blood flow and pO2 in the periulcerative zone of the patients with gastric ulcer. Hypoxia of the gastric mucosa is regarded as an important pathogenetic factor of ulcerogenesis. PMID- 3247661 TI - [Clinico-instrumental methods of diagnosing aseptic femur head necrosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - Clinical, x-ray and scintigraphic investigations were performed in 34 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): 24 patients with SLE complicated by osteonecrosis of the head of the femur (the 1st group) and 10 patients with SLE without clinicoroentgenological signs of aseptic necrosis (the 2nd group). Analysis of the results of scintigraphic investigation showed that the coefficient of radionuclide absorption in the SLE patients with suspected osteonecrosis (stage I) as compared to the controls and patients with stage II osteonecrosis of the head of the femur turned out to be significantly discernible (p less than 0.001). Thus, an early stage of osteonecrosis of the head of the femur can be reliably diagnosed by scintigraphy. Quantitative scintigraphy can be effectively used for dynamic observation and objectification of applied therapy. PMID- 3247662 TI - [The potentials of a peroral gold preparation (Ridaura) in treating rheumatoid arthritis based on prospective observation data]. AB - Ridaura was given to 72 patients with true rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the period of 6 mos to 2 yrs. Patients with I-II degree of activity and II-III x-ray stage of RA prevailed. Extraarticular RA manifestations were detected in 79% of the patients. The efficacy of Ridaura was assessed by its effect on the indices of activity (clinical manifestations of the articular syndrome, ESR, morphological signs of rheumatoid synovitis) and progression (the rates of erosive arthritis development in the hand and foot joints, the time course of the level of the serum rheumatoid factor and RA systemic manifestations). The drug efficacy was assessed with relation to the preceding variant of a RA course by the onset of treatment and after 3, 6, 12 and 18 mos. The results obtained indicated a high clinical efficacy of the drug and the presence of its basal activity which manifested itself in a good clinical effect by a decrease in the rates of x-ray progression, a serum RF level, the expression of morphological signs of synovitis and extraarticular RA manifestations, in particular myocarditis, diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, fever, and Aschoff's nodules. The therapeutic effect of the drug was on an increase in the period over 1 year. The highest efficacy of the drug was noted in RA with persistent activity of I-II degree or with activation up to II degree. Side-effects were revealed in 19% of the patients. Good tolerance of the drug was observed in 63% of the patients with a previous history of intolerance to parenteral gold drugs. PMID- 3247663 TI - [Chronic compensated syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation in Sjogren's disease]. AB - The authors have reported the results of investigations of the system of hemostasis in 40 patients with Sjogren's disease (SD) and 30 healthy donors. The SD patients had different disorders of the system of hemostasis resulting in the activation of the coagulative and anticoagulative systems. Chronic compensated DIC syndrome was shown to be present in approximately half of the SD patients. A positive therapeutic effect of prednisolone combined with heparin on chronic DIC syndrome was shown. It was assumed that microcirculatory and blood coagulation disorders could play an important role in a pathological process. PMID- 3247665 TI - [The differentiated treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular disorders of heart rhythm in patients with ischemic heart disease at the prehospital stage depending on the hemodynamic state at the moment of the arrhythmia]. AB - Proceeding from analysis of hemodynamic parameters at the time of paroxysmal supraventricular arrhythmia in 333 CHD patients observed by a specialized first aid cardiological team, differentiated therapy of these arrhythmias was proposed with relation to the nature of arrhythmia and the hemodynamic status at the time of arrhythmia. A method was proposed for the detection of a hemodynamic variant at the time of occurrence of paroxysmal arrhythmia according to clinical manifestations without resort to instrumental methods of investigation. PMID- 3247664 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical picture, hormonal status and humoral immunity in older patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. AB - Radioimmunoassays, immunological and radioreceptor methods were used for a study of the levels of T3, T4, TSH, thyroglobulin, antibodies to thyroglobulin and microsomal antigen, immunoglobulins suppressing thyrotropin binding in 92 patients with diffuse toxic goiter aged over 50. There was discrepancy between the prevalence of severe types of disease in this group of patients and an insignificant rise of T3 and T4 levels. Changes in the immune status pointed to an increase in immunodeficiency which became progressive with aging of the organism, and increasing sensitivity to damaging agents. PMID- 3247666 TI - Chromatographic separation of putative precursors of cholestanol. AB - This paper describes convenient syntheses for labeled and unlabeled cholest-5-en 3-one, cholest-4-en-3-one, epicholesterol, cholest-4-en-3 beta-ol, and cholest-4 en-3 alpha-ol. The thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography of these compounds and of cholestanol and epicholestanol are also described. The synthesized compounds are potential precursors in the biosynthesis of cholestanol in mammals. PMID- 3247667 TI - Radioimmunoassay for dexamethasone 17,21-dipropionate and its metabolites in plasma and urine after topical application. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for dexamethasone 17,21-dipropionate and its four metabolites in human plasma and urine has been developed using single anti dexamethasone antiserum. The antiserum was obtained by immunizing rabbits with dexamethasone-3-oxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate. All of the endogenous steroids tested cross-reacted less than 0.07%. Before radioimmunoassay, dexamethasone 17,21-dipropionate and dexamethasone 17-propionate were hydrolyzed to dexamethasone, and 6 beta-OH-dexamethasone 17-propionate was hydrolyzed to 6 beta-OH-dexamethasone in 3% ammonia/methanol at 5 C for 16 h. A standard curve was established with a useful range between 0.005 and 2 ng in the case of dexamethasone, between 0.05 and 5 ng in the case of 6 beta-OH-dexamethasone. Measurement of plasma concentrations and percent urinary excretion of the metabolites in healthy men was performed following occlusive dressing of dexamethasone 17,21-dipropionate cream and ointment. The main metabolites in plasma were dexamethasone 17-propionate and dexamethasone, which increased gradually and reached maximum levels (160-200 pg/mL) at 24-32 h after application. The major metabolites observed in urine were 6 beta-OH-dexamethasone 17-propionate and 6 beta-OH-dexamethasone. Total percentage of their urinary excretions within 72 h after application amounted to 0.28-0.50% of the dose administered. PMID- 3247668 TI - Corticosteroid-calcium complexes. AB - Glucocorticoids and calcium ions are shown to interact to yield a complex with properties that are distinct from those of the reactants. Reaction of steroids with Ca2+ appears to require the dihydroxyacetone side chain, since other structures do not react. Evidence for complex formation are: increased aqueous solubility of cortisol when Ca2+ is added to an aqueous or a biphasic aqueous/chloroform (or ethyl acetate) system; increased rate of migration of cortisol during reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography and HPLC; chromatographic comigration of 45Ca2+ and 3H-labeled cortisol; coprecipitation of 45Ca2+-3H-cortisol complexes. After dissociation of the cortisol-calcium complex, the only steroid recovered was cortisol. By the above criteria, the properties of cortisol were not affected by Sr2+, Ba2+, or Mg2+. The cleavage patterns of cortisol in the mass spectrometer corresponded to that of 11 beta hydroxyandrostenedione when Ca2+ was present, and to cortisol in its absence. We therefore postulate that the structure of the dihydroxyacetone side chain was transiently altered by Ca2+, resulting in a labile C17-C20 bond. These results support our earlier proposal that the chemical and physico-chemical properties of corticosteroids are modified by calcium ions. PMID- 3247669 TI - The crystal structure of 2 beta,4 beta-cyclo-5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta diol diacetate. AB - An X-ray crystal structure determination was performed on 2 beta,4 beta-cyclo-5 alpha- and rostane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol diacetate. The parent diol, but not its 3 beta-epimer, had been shown to be an effective inhibitor of a 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 3247670 TI - Isolation and structure of a cytotoxic epoxy sterol from the marine mollusc Planaxis sulcatus. AB - A novel epoxy sterol isolated from the marine mollusc Planaxis sulcatus has been identified as 9 alpha,11 alpha-epoxycholest-7-ene-3 beta,5 alpha,6 beta-triol by spectrometric methods. PMID- 3247671 TI - Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. Studies of the distribution and metabolism of 5 alpha-[2,4-3H]cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one after intragastric administration to rats. AB - 5 alpha-[2,4-3H]Cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one was administered to a series of male Sprague-Dawley rats by intragastric intubation in the form of an emulsion in a mixture of triolein, sodium taurocholate, bovine serum albumin, and glucose. [4 14C]Cholesterol was similarly administered to a second series of rats. The distribution of 3H and 14C was studied at 12 and 48 h after the administration of the sterols. The results demonstrated that the 15-ketosterol is absorbed and metabolized to material with the chromatographic properties of fatty acid esters of the 15-ketosterol, to cholesterol, and to fatty acid esters of cholesterol. The [3H]cholesterol formed from the 15-ketosterol was characterized by its behavior on silicic acid-Super Cel column chromatography, by the chromatographic behavior of its acetate derivative on alumina-AgNO3 column chromatography, and by purification by way of its dibromide derivative without significant change in specific activity. The general distribution of 3H was similar to that of 14C. No unusual concentration of 3H in any of the organs studied was observed. PMID- 3247673 TI - The widespread use of the geometric mean. PMID- 3247672 TI - Hormonal control of implantation in guinea pigs. AB - In the guinea pig, for which implantation is supposedly progesterone-dependent, actual hormonal requirements were assessed by measuring the levels of circulating estradiol and progesterone and correlating them with their content in the ovaries and uterus, and uterine concentrations of their receptors prior to, during, and immediately after implantation. Ovarian and uterine content and plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone, as well as uterine cytosolic receptors of these two hormones, were high at proestrus. Up to day 3 of pregnancy, estradiol remained high in peripheral plasma, ovarian and uterine tissues, but reached low levels at the time of implantation. The levels of progesterone showed a gradual increase in plasma and ovaries till the time of implantation, with the embryonic site of the uterus accumulating more of progesterone compared to estradiol. As pregnancy progressed, a gradual translocation of cytosolic to nuclear receptors occurred, both with estradiol and progesterone receptors. Comparing the receptor values for estradiol at each uterine site showed no significant alterations between embryonic and interembryonic cytosolic receptors. While significantly high levels of nuclear estradiol receptor were found at the inter-embryonic site on day 9 of pregnancy, the cytosolic and nuclear progesterone receptor concentrations were greater at the embryonic site on the same day. These findings demonstrated that the uterus is adequately exposed to estradiol and progesterone prior to ovulation and again in early pregnancy (day 1-3), thus facilitating implantation in the guinea pig (on days 7-8). PMID- 3247674 TI - Prejunctional action of tubocurarine-like fade. PMID- 3247675 TI - Peer review: time for a change? PMID- 3247676 TI - Promiscuity in pharmacology. PMID- 3247677 TI - Is low-density lipoprotein hormone-like? PMID- 3247678 TI - [Ultrastructural disorders of the mitotic apparatus during cytochalasin B action]. AB - A correlation between the number of chromosome sets and the number of centrioles (8n--8 centrioles) was observed in polyploid metaphase cells, during cytochalasin B treatment on the cultured Chinese hamster cells. There is no correlation between the number of chromosome sets and the centriole number after stopping the action of the drug in many cells, but a great variation is observed in maintenance of chromosomes and centrioles (up 6 to 25 n and up 4 to 22 centrioles). In multipolar mitosis, either during the drug action or after its stopping, different numbers of chromosomes are directed towards the poles not depending on the number of centrioles in the poles. During the cytochalasin B treatment, either in bipolar or multipolar metaphases, there are destructions in the ultrastructure of the mitotic apparatus: there are no astral microtubules; in the poles there are diplosomes and duplex of centrioles with fibrillar material around both centrioles; kinetochores are of prometaphase type. After stopping the drug action the astral microtubules appear, but no other patterns of normalization in the mitotic apparatus occur. Desynchronization of three cycles (chromosomal, centriolar and centrosomal) is discussed as a factor of abnormal development of the mitotic apparatus and as a factor of stabilization of aneuploidy in the cell culture. PMID- 3247679 TI - [Use of fluorescein diacetate for research on macrophage activation]. AB - Kinetic of changes in the fluorescence intensity of macrophages in a medium containing fluorescein diacetate (FDA) has been analysed. It is shown that under certain conditions the intensity of macrophages retains a constant level for rather a long time. The addition of stimulants such as lipopolysaccharide or tuftsin to the incubation medium leads to characteristic changes in the cell fluorescence level related to the increase in the activity of FDA intracellular hydrolyses and fluorescein efflux from macrophages. It is concluded that the kinetic of changes in the macrophages fluorescence intensity in a medium with FDA may serves as a test for detecting early functional changes upon macrophage activation. PMID- 3247680 TI - [Changes in the mitotic cycle of Chinese hamster cells and the repair of radiation damage in cells following the action of ionizing radiation]. AB - Using DNA flow cytofluorimetry technique, the effect of ionizing and gamma irradiation on cell cycle in Chinese hamster cells of clone CHO K1 773 and of its derivative EBR-30 resistant to ethidium bromide was examined. Irradiation in doses of 1 and 5.5 Gr leads to a reduced rate of cell passing from G1 into S phase, to a prolonged S phase and to a larger postsynthetic block in EBR-30 cells than in 773 cells. Our data correlate with some delay in repair of gamma-induced (200 Gr) DNA single-strand breaks in the EBR-30 clone. Clones under investigation are not distinguished in their survival. Our results may arise from deficiency in some regulatory process usually involved in cell response to radiation-induced lesions. PMID- 3247681 TI - [Functional and structural changes in the surface of human erythrocytes after UV irradiation with rays of various wavelengths. IV. Changes in the physicochemical properties of autotransfused UV-irradiated blood]. AB - Properties of erythrocyte surface were investigated for patients with ischemic heart disease in the course of treatment with the UV-irradiated blood autotransfusion (UVIBA). Application of methods of light-scattering, photometry and cytochemistry revealed rapid and significant changes in deformability and aggregation properties of the erythrocytes immediately following each UVIBA procedure, which was accompanied by considerable blood viscosity decrease. PMID- 3247682 TI - [Selection for a decrease in metastatic potential in a cell population of transplantable rat rhabdomyosarcoma RA-2]. AB - The method of individual cloning was used for checking the reduction of metastatic potential (MP) in cell population of highly malignant rhabdomyosarcoma RA-2. In the course of 15 selection cycles MP was lowered by 10-15 times. These data enabled us to consider the MP value as a quantitative character of malignant cells with low heritability (the mean value of realized heritability coefficient is equal to 0.18). PMID- 3247683 TI - [Effect of antioxidants on the proliferation of human diploid cells at various phases of the culture growth]. AB - Some antioxidants (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine chlorhydrate and some of its derivatives and 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) have been shown to stimulate proliferation of young and old diploid cell at all phases of culture growth (lag and stationary phases). It is supposed that the mechanism of this effect may depend on stimulation of dreaming cell to division. PMID- 3247684 TI - [5-Chlorodeoxyuridine, more effectively than 5-bromodeoxyuridine, induces the formation of specific dicentric chromosomes in cells with micronuclei]. AB - 5-chlorodeoxyuridine (5-ChldU) and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU) were tested in respect of the formation of specific dicentric chromosomes in cells with micronuclei. It is shown that the frequency of dicentrics is higher when 5-ChldU is used. On the ground of results of this study and of the previous data it is concluded that the activity of halogenated deoxyuridines is falling with molecular weight increasing. PMID- 3247685 TI - [Stimulating action of liposomes on experimental influenza infection]. AB - Intranasal inoculation of liposomes from egg phosphatidylcholine to white mice infected with influenza A virus resulted in the death of practically all animals whereas the death rate in the control group was 30%. A possible mechanism of the effect of liposomes on the virus infection is discussed. PMID- 3247686 TI - [Effect of sodium selenite and its combination with remantadine on the synthesis of virus-specific polypeptides in a cell culture infected with influenza A virus]. AB - The combined effects of sodium selenite and remantadine on synthesis of virus specific polypeptides in influenza A virus-infected CEC cells are described. The pattern of selenium distribution in subcellular fractions and biomacromolecules of different organs of rats was established. Combined use of sodium selenite and remantadine actively inhibits synthesis of influenza A virus polypeptides which is of synergistic nature. PMID- 3247687 TI - [Epidemiologic characteristics of hepatitis A morbidity among children from one of the districts of Moscow in 1982-1986]. AB - By the epidemic features, the district under study may be classified as a territory with moderate epidemic activity of hepatitis A (HA). The highest incidence was observed in children of 3-6 years of age. Annually, the seasonal wave in the district was started in school children. As a rule, the first case of the disease in preschool children's institutions (PCI) was due to infection contracted from schoolchildren or from adults. The further spread of the infection in PCI was due to breaks in the sanitary-hygienic regimen or principles of isolation of the quarantine group. When these principles and the sanitary hygienic regimen were observed, the incidence in foci was limited to 1-3 cases of HA. In instances of late introduction of the infection into PCI with crude breaks in the sanitary-hygienic regimen or principles of isolation of the quarantine group "nonseasonal" (February or April) rises in HA incidence occurred in the district. PMID- 3247688 TI - [Unresolved questions on the diagnosis of hepatitis in donors]. AB - Clinico-laboratory characteristics of liver lesions occurring in 64 immune donors of blood plasma of 0(1) group are presented. The diseases ran as subclinical, latent, anicteric forms of hepatitis, and only in 5 persons as acute icteric hepatitis. In 50% of the patients there were signs of the disease becoming chronic: long-term increase in the blood serum of the activity of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, variations in bilirubin levels. Certain unresolved and disputable problems of etiological diagnosis of hepatitis in plasma donors, especially in differentiation of autoimmune hepatitis and non-A non-B hepatitis are discussed. PMID- 3247689 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in carriers of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus]. AB - Changes in subpopulations of OKT 3, OKT 4, OKT 8, HNK-I, B-IgM, and B-IgG producing lymphocytes in carriers of HIV antibodies were studied. A decrease in OKT 4 helpers/inducers, an increase in OKT 8-suppressors of cytotoxic cells, HNK I, Ia-positive and B-IgM-producing lymphocytes was demonstrated. The ratio of OKT 4/OKT 8 lymphocytes was below 1.0 in most of the subjects examined. Most marked changes in lymphocyte subpopulations were observed in anti-HIV carriers with lymphadenopathy. PMID- 3247691 TI - [Mapping of the RNAs coded for by the lymphotropic baboon herpesvirus]. AB - The transcription of baboon herpes virus genome in productively infected 594S/F9 cells was studied. Forty-nine species of virus mRNA were identified. The most actively transcribed fragments of cloned HVP DNA were EcoRl G (0.52-0.58 map units) and I-F (0.69-0.80). PMID- 3247690 TI - [The nature of nonspecific reactions in designing erythrocyte diagnostic agents for determining the HBs antigen]. AB - The nature of nonspecific reactions observed in reverse passive hemagglutination test was studied. Nonspecific reactions were found to be associated with the use of different ingredients in construction of immunodiagnostic preparations for HBs antigen and with the presence in the examined sera of heterologous hemagglutinins, rheumatoid factor, and bacterial contamination. Therefore, positive results of hemagglutination should be verified for specificity by neutralization tests with HBs antigen. PMID- 3247693 TI - [The structure of cholera phages 493 and 7227]. AB - Electron microscopy and optic diffraction methods were used to determine the main parameters of the morpho-structural organization of cholera phages 493 and 7227. The shape of phage capsids was established, the spiral type of symmetry of phage processes revealed, their adsorption apparatuses described, the number of morphological subunits comprising capsids and process envelopes, and some other parameters determined. It is assumed that the phages under study are new varieties of bacteriophages belonging to the fifth morphological group (according to the classification of A.S. Tikhonenko). PMID- 3247692 TI - [Mannan sulfates--inducers of plant resistance to viral infection]. AB - Mannan sulphates (MS) synthesized on the basis of extracellular linear mannan (LM) of Rhodotorula rubra induce resistance of Immune-580 tobacco and thornapple (Datura stramonium) to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The resistance is manifested in a decrease in the number and/or size of viral local lesions (LL) in MS-treated (mg/ml) leaf halves. The reduction in the LL size does not seem to be due to the direct inhibition of TMV multiplication by the polysaccharide as the virus accumulation in the tissues of the systemic host (Samsun tobacco) does not decrease when MS is used 15 min after infection. The induced resistance is partially inhibited by actinomycin D and completely by heating (32 degrees C). Unlike MS, neutral LM decreases only the number of LL on the treated parts of the tissue but does not influence their size. The antiviral activity of LM does not change in the presence of actinomycin D. The possible mechanisms of the LM and MS protective effect in plants are discussed. PMID- 3247694 TI - [Antigenic activity of Rabivak-Vnukovo-32 administered intradermally]. PMID- 3247695 TI - [The mosaic nature of the interferons induced by polyribonucleotides]. PMID- 3247696 TI - [The adequacy of experimental models in trials of antiviral preparations]. PMID- 3247697 TI - [Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis developing against a background of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome]. AB - A case is presented of a woman with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome- mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis who after a 7-year therapeutic remission developed a rapidly progressing (semilunar) glomerulonephritis with a severe nephrotic syndrome, arterial hypertension, anemia, renal failure. The patient was not influenced by the treatment with ordinary doses of glucocorticosteroids and temporarily improved by the combined "pulse" methylprednisolone, immunosuppressive and heparin treatment. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms which may have played a role in the transition of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome into a rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis are discussed. PMID- 3247698 TI - [Secretory gastric function and the development of reflux esophagitis in peptic ulcer]. AB - 129 patients with peptic ulcer in the acute stage of the disease were studied clinically, roentgenologically, endoscopically and morphologically. The patients were classified into two groups--with or without dyspeptic syndrome. The gastric acidity was examined by the fractionary titration method with pentagastrin as stimulant, Reflux-esophagitis was found in patients with hyperacidity as well as in patients with normal and hypoacidity. The destructive changes in the esophageal epithelium were more frequent in the patients with duodenal ulcer- 12.9% than in the patients with gastric ulcer. The reflux-esophagitis was found three times less in the patients with peptic ulcer without dyspeptic syndrome than in the patients with peptic ulcer with dyspeptic syndrome, without reliable differences in the secretory indices between the two groups. The conclusion is made that the gastric acidity without functional disorders in the gastroesophageal segment is not a decisive factor in the development of the dyspeptic syndrome in peptic ulcer. PMID- 3247699 TI - [Prevention of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and tachycardia with kordaron]. AB - The efficacy of the preventive treatment with Cordaron was studied in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and tachycardia. The patients were followed up for an average period of 22.5 months. The daily dose was between 100 and 300 mg. Control examinations were performed at 4-6 week intervals and the corrected Q-T interval of the ECG was taken into account. On the 3d, 6th, 12th and 18th month the patients were examined by an ophthalmologist and the thyroid hormones were examined once in a year. The correlation between the time of onset of the arrhythmia, the dose of the drug and its prophylactic efficacy was studied as well as between the duration of the treatment, the dose of the drug and the complications. In the basic group of 18 patients with paroxysmal atrial flutter a stable lasting effect was achieved in 56% of the patients and in 22% of the patients the attacks became significantly more rare. The efficacy in the patients with paroxysmal atrial taxhycardia was 100%. The favorable results depended on the time of onset of the arrhythmia. No correlation between the supporting dose of the drug and the Q-Tc was found. Complications were found in 84% of the patients at the end of the 3-year period of the study. They were related to the duration of the treatment but not to the size of the supporting drug dose. PMID- 3247700 TI - [Fatty acids in diabetes mellitus]. AB - In 38 patients with diabetes mellitus type II and in 20 healthy controls the total amount of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was examined in the serum and in the high density lipoproteins (HDL) as well as the following fatty acids: palmitic, stearic, oleic and arachidonic. In decompensated diabetes an increase of the saturated fatty acids with a parallel decrease of the unsaturated fatty acids were found in the serum and in the HDL. The compensation of the diabetes led to normalization of the ratio between the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. In decompensated diabetes an increase of the palmitic and stearic acids with a parallel decrease of the oleic and arachidonic acids were found. After compensation of the diabetes was achieved the fatty acids levels became normal again. Knowing the role of the fatty acids in the atherogenesis it may be assumed that the changes of the fatty acids levels in diabetes mellitus contribute to the vascular lesions. PMID- 3247701 TI - [Study of the "dawn phenomenon" using an artificial endocrine pancreas]. AB - 30 insulin-dependent, C-peptide negative diabetic patients were examined with the help of biostator. The mean age of the patients was 29 years, the mean duration of the diabetes was 7 years and the mean index of body mas was 22. For the period from 0 to 8 o'clock in the morning the blood sugar level and the speed of the insulin infusion in order to maintain euglycemic level were examined at 1/2 hour intervals. The mean blood sugar level for the period 5-8 o'clock (5.71 +/- 0.31 mmol/l) was reliably higher (p less than 0.05) than that for the period 0-5 o'clock (5.4 +/- 0.18 mmol/l). The speed of the insulin infusion for the period 5 8 o'clock (0.52 +/- 0.09 IU/kg/min) was also reliably higher (p less than 0.02) than that for the period 0-5 o'clock (0.4 +/- 0.06 IU/kg/min). These two indices were correlated with the somatotropic hormone and hydrocortisone levels at 2 and 8 o'clock. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms of this "morning phenomenon" in diabetes is discussed. PMID- 3247703 TI - [Principles of the pathogenetic therapy of systemic vasculitis]. PMID- 3247702 TI - [Urinary magnesium excretion in nephrolithiasis]. AB - Magnesium urine excretion and its correlation with calcium urine excretion were studied in 152 patients with nephrolithiasis by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. In 14.5% of the patients with unilateral nephrolithiasis and in the 25.6% of the patients with bilateral nephrolithiasis the magnesium urine excretion was lowered. Following calcium loading the magnesiumuria in healthy persons was reliably and positively influenced while in the patients with nephrolithiasis with initial lowered magnesium excretion there was an insignificant increase. The ration MgU/CaU is of special importance for the evaluation of the lithogenic risk. The determination of the Ca-Mg interrelation is obligatory for every patient with nephrolithiasis because of its great practical importance for the treatment of these patients. PMID- 3247704 TI - [The importance of HLA antigens for the prognosis of the course and effect of treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - In the patients with systemic lupus erythematodes in comparison with the population controls an increased frequency of the following HLA antigens was found: A11, B7, B35, DR2 and DR3. A difference in the frequency of the various antigens of histocompatibility was found in the different variants of the disease. The relative risk of falling sick with lupus erythematodes increases with certain interallel and interlocus antigen combinations. The determination of the HLA antigens may be used in the practice for the institution of a proper treatment of the different variants of systemic lupus erythematodes. PMID- 3247705 TI - [The possibilities of selecting an adequate therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus based on the results of HLA typing]. AB - In order to find out the most suitable treatment for systemic lupus erythematodes the frequency of various antigens in the locus A and B of the system HLA was examined in various clinical subgroups of patients with systemic lupus erythematodes. A correlation was established between the group of patient treated intensively and the antigens HLA-A11, HLA-B18, HLA-B8. The antigens HLA-B35 and HLA-B5 were associated with the group of patients treated with a moderately intensive treatment for systemic lupus erythematodes. The patients with systemic lupus erythematodes with antigens HLA-A11, HLA-B18 and HLA-B8 should be actively treated from the onset of the disease in order to avoid severe lesions of the kidneys and the CNS and the polysyndrome clinical manifestations. PMID- 3247706 TI - [Treatment of Raynaud's syndrome in systemic connective tissue diseases with calcium antagonists]. AB - The results of a short and a prolonged treatment of Raynaud's syndrome with calcium antagonists are presented. The efficacy of Nifedipin, Verapamil and Fendiline was evaluated in a 14 day treatment of 61 patients with Raynaud's syndrome. Nifedipin and Fendiline was evaluated in a 14 day treatment of 61 patients with Raynaud's syndrome. Nifedipine and Fendiline were most efficient but Fendiline led to more untoward reactions. Verapamil was least efficient and exerted a weak vasoactive action. The influence of the hemocirculation indices on all drugs studied was insignificant. 20 patients with systemic sclerodermia were given 30-60 mg Nifedipin daily in the course of one year and the frequency, duration and expression of the attacks of Raynaud's syndrome decreased practically twice. The study allows the recommendation of Nifedipin as the drug of choice for the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome in the systemic connective tissue diseases. PMID- 3247707 TI - [Extracorporeal therapy (hemosorption, plasmapheresis) in the combined treatment of severe forms of Sjogren's disease]. AB - The clinical and laboratory efficacy of the combination of plasmapheresis, hemosorption disease. The combined Sjogren's disease. The combined intensive treatment led to improvement in the cases with disturbances of the peripherial and central nervous system, kidneys, blood vessels (Raynaud's syndrome), joints and muscles. The efficacy of this treatment is proved in cryoglobulinemic and hypergammaglobulinemic purpura and is comfirmed by the reliable decrease of the rheumatoid factor, circulating immune complexes. C-reactive protein and gamma globulins. A positive dynamics of the exocrine glands function and microcirculation is found. PMID- 3247708 TI - [The survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - 146 patients with systemic lupus erythematodes were followed up. The patients are classified into two groups: I group--includes 74 patients treated during the 1953 1980. II group--of 72 patients treated during the period 1980-1987. Of the 74 patients of the I group 38 (51%) are still alive and 38 patients (49%) have died. From the II group 67 (93%) are alive and only 5 patients (7%) have died. 56% of the deceased patients died during the first 5 years. The following 5 years the death rate is twice as small--II dead patients (27%). Only 3 patients survived more than 15 years. The leading causes of death are: lupus nephropathy--18 patients (44%), cardiovascular lesions--12 patients (30%), neurologic complications and lately--infectious complications. A correlation between age and evolution of the disease is found: in younger age the evolution is more rapid. The analysis of the treatment of the patients from the II group reveals that the longer survival is due to the correct application of antimalarial drugs, cortisone drugs, imuran, pylse therapy with cortisone or a combination of these drugs. PMID- 3247709 TI - [The survival and treatment of patients with systemic connective tissue diseases (research based on data from the II Internal Medicine Department of the Main Community Hospital in Stara Zagora for 1976-1986)]. AB - The experience of the district hospital in Stara Zagora in the treatment of patients with systemic connective tissue diseases for the period 1976-1986 is presented. The study includes 47 patients with systemic connective tissue diseases: 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematodes (19 alive, 3 deceased); 18 patients with systemic progressive sclerodermia (16 alive, 2 deceased); 5 patients with dermatomyositis (4 alive, I deceased); 2 patients with nodal polyarteriitis (I alive, I deceased). The characteristic of the course of the disease is discussed--acute, subacute and chronic. The treatment applied and the cause of death are analyzed. The mean duration of the disease from the first clinical signs for the alive and the deceased is as follows: systemic lupus erythematodes--13.7 years for the alive and 12.5 years for the deceased patients; systemic progressive sclerodermia--16.6 years for the alive and 3.0 years for the deceased patients; dermatomyositis--3.7 years for the alive, 1.5 years for the deceased patients; polyarteritis nodosa--5 years for the alive, 2 years for the deceased patients. The conclusion is reached that the contemporary treatment can lead to a remission even in severe cases and life-threatening forms of the disease. PMID- 3247710 TI - [Effect of various factors on total serum cholesterol based on the data from an epidemiologic study in 4 large communities of Bulgaria]. AB - The study includes 6243 persons--4051 women and 2192 men, mean age 37.9 +/- 14.2 years. The total serum cholesterol was examined and the factors related to the cholesterolemia were studied. A strong statistical correlation was found between the cholesterolemia and age, sex, body mass, smoking, degree of physical activity, alcohol consumption, feeding and diabetes mellitus. This multifactorial correlation of cholesterol serum level determines the need of complex population measures for reducing the high cholesterol level by correction of the mode of feeding and living and counteraction of the harmful habits (smoking), overfeeding, physical hypodynamia. PMID- 3247711 TI - [Fibrinopeptide A and protein C in heart patients with acute coronary syndromes]. AB - In order to determine the role of thrombosis in the acute coronary syndromes the blood levels of fibrinopeptide A and protein C were examined with an enzyme immune test in 48 patients treated in the cardiological clinic of the National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases. 27 patients were with transmural myocardial infarction and 21 patients were with non-transmural myocardial infarction. The average time of the test from the onset of pain is 18.4 +/- 12.2 hours (from 3 up to 72 hours). The mean level for fibrinopeptide A for the whole group of patients is 4.95 +/- 3.1 ng/ml and that of protein C is 70.1 +/- 9.8%. For the group of patients with transmural myocardial infarction the level of fibrinopeptide A is 6.09 +/- 3.49 ng/ml and of protein C is 65.3 +/- 8.0%. For the patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction the levels are respectively 3.49 +/- 1.7 ng/ml for fibrinopeptide A and 76.3 +/- 8.3% for protein C. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (p less than 0.005). In the patients with non-transmural myocardial infarction from whom the blood for the test was taken before the 24th hour the fibrinopeptide A level is 4.8 +/- 2.4 ng/ml and the protein C level is 69.0 +/- 7.8%. The deviations from the reference group are statistically significant (p less than 0.04). The practical importance of these results is discussed. PMID- 3247712 TI - [Assessment of the information value of pain and ST depression in the exercise electrocardiographic test]. AB - 200 patients (181 men and 19 women) with stable stenocardia were examined by the exercise tolerance test. The patients were loaded by the step by step method on veloergometer or threadmill up to 80% of the maximal pulse rate. 126 of the tests were evaluated as positive. False positive were 10 tests and 19 tests were false negative. The coefficient of sensitivity (independently of the limiting factor) was 82.2%, the specificity was 80%, the prognostic value of the positive test was 91.6%, of the negative test--68.3%. The sensitivity coefficient was: in the patients with one affected arterial branch--81.3%; in the patients with two affected arterial branches--80.4%, in the patients with three affected arterial branches--92.5% and in the patients with affection of the main arterial stem- 87.5%. The patients were classified into three groups according to the expression of the limiting factors: I group with limiting factor pain (98 patients) with sensitivity coefficient 74.3%, specificity--77.8%, prognostic value of the positive test--89.1% and of the negative test--55.5%. II group with limiting factor ST-depression (83 patients) with sensitivity coefficient 71.3%, specificity--91.7%, prognostic value of the positive test--95% and of the negative test--61.1%. III group with limiting factors both pain and ST-depression with sensitivity coefficient 45.4%, specificity--91.7%, prognostic value of the positive test--95% and of the negative test--61.1%. The main conclusion from the study is that the limiting factor ST-depression as a basic objective sign of myocardial ischemia has high enough specificity and prognostic value and should be considered as a limiting factor with greatest informatory value. PMID- 3247713 TI - [Indications for and the postoperative results of mitral valve prosthesis]. AB - The influence of 20 hemodynamic and clinical indices on the postoperative results was studied in 528 patients with mitral valve prosthetics. One year after the operation 78.7% of the patients are with improved functional capacity, 18.8% are without change and 2.5% are in worse condition. The lack of improvement correlates moderately with the postoperative complications (r = 0.4701) and to a larger degree with the number of patients in the II functional class before the operations (r = 0.7342). The deterioration of the functional capacity is in relation to the complications by operations on the tricuspid valve (r = 0.8773), but there is also considerable correlation with the low ejection fraction (r = 0.6425), previous commisurotomy (r = 0.5871) and uncorrected tricuspid valvular disease (r = 0.6314). The operative lethality rate is 6.25%. PMID- 3247714 TI - [Esophageal precordial cardiac stimulation in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. AB - The esophageal atrial cardiac stimulation was applied to 93 patients divided into 4 groups: patients with typical, probable and atypical angina pectoris and clinically healthy controls. The tests positive for ischemic heart disease are classified into 3 classes according to the duration of ECG ischemic changes: I class--the ischemic changes are registered during the time of the test only; II class--the changes are seen in the first ECS complexes after the stimulation and III class--the changes persist after the second minute following the esophageal atrial stimulation. The test was worked out to diagnostic criteria in 92.5% of the cases and is undoubtedly positive in 77.5% of the patients with typical and probable stenocardia and in 36.6% of the patients with atypical precordial pain. Most important for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease are: the early occurrence of ST-depression before the submaximal pulse rate is reached, registration of II and III degree of ST-depression and the appearance of chest pain during the time of the test. The esophageal atrial stimulation is a valuable method for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and it is surprisingly easy to perform. The method is harmless and can be applied to patients to whom the physical exercise test cannot be applied. PMID- 3247715 TI - [Correlation of functional indices of the left ventricle with structural changes in the myocardium]. AB - 11 with dilatative cardiomyopathy, 9 with valvular disease and 3 with ischemic heart disease--a full intracardial examination including right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy was performed. The most severe disorders of the hemodynamic parameters were found in the group of patients with dilatative cardiomyopathy. The pressure in the pulmonary artery was the highest of all groups of patients. The initial meane values of the systolic, diastolic and the average pressure were 5.73, 2.53 and 3.73 kPa and after left ventriculography was performed they were 6.80, 3.60 and 5.07 kPa respectively. The values of the ejection fraction were the lowest of all groups of patients. The left ventricular volume was greatly increased. The average telediastolic volume index was 235 ml/m2 and the average telesystolic volume index was 173 ml/m2. The velocity indices were greatly decreased--the average velocity of the circumferential fibers contraction was 0.45 circ/s and the ratio dp/dt was 1062 mm Hg/s. All patients were with normal coronary arteries. The very poor indices of 4 patients indicates for cardiac transplantation are of special interest. In the patients with valvular disease various degree of lowered hemodynamic parameters were found corresponding to the structural changes of the myocardium. In the third group of 3 patients with ischemic heart disease and severe disorders in the left ventricular function massive fibrous changes in the myocardium were found. PMID- 3247716 TI - [A new subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis]. PMID- 3247718 TI - [Phosphate control to rifamycin SV biosynthesis]. PMID- 3247717 TI - [Effect of carbon and nitrogen source on the yield of D-glucose isomerase in Streptomyces roseocastaneus strain No. 336]. PMID- 3247719 TI - [Purification and some physicochemical characteristics of the protein from Clitocybe geotropa]. PMID- 3247721 TI - [Electron microscopic observations of Brucella canis isolated in China]. PMID- 3247720 TI - [A new Leptospiral serovar in the hebdomadis serogroup]. PMID- 3247722 TI - Keeping clear of the law. PMID- 3247724 TI - Under-reporting of tetanus and diphtheria cases in Jamaica (1980-1986). PMID- 3247723 TI - The use of community health aides as perceived by their supervisors in Jamaica, West Indies (1987/88). PMID- 3247725 TI - Morbidity pattern of emergencies at the Bustamante Hospital for Children (January December, 1986). PMID- 3247726 TI - Parasitism and nutritional status of poor suburban Jamaican toddlers. PMID- 3247727 TI - Assessment of patient compliance in a diabetic clinic using glycated proteins compared with blood sugar measurements. PMID- 3247728 TI - Genital tract malignancies in Trinidad. PMID- 3247729 TI - A clinicopathological study of granuloma inguinale in Barbados. PMID- 3247730 TI - Midline communicating spinal extradural arachnoid cyst. PMID- 3247731 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria in a 17-year-old Trinidadian girl. PMID- 3247732 TI - Rock-climbing injuries in Yosemite National Park. AB - This study was presented in part at the annual meeting of the Wilderness Medical Society at Aspen, Colorado, in August 1986 and at "Mountain Medicine 1987," Leavenworth, Washington, in November 1987. We questioned 220 injured rock climbers or their partners seen consecutively at the Yosemite (California) Medical Clinic over 3 (1/2) years regarding details of their accidents. Injury type and location were extracted from medical records and severity quantified. The National Park Service rescued 27% of the climbers. Injured climbers were characteristically male (88%) and experienced (mean 5.9 years) and typically fell while leading climbs (66%). Among 451 injuries, 50% were to the skin or subcutaneous tissues, while 28% involved the lower extremity and were predominantly fractures. In terms of each climber's most severe injury (n = 220), 45% involved the lower extremities (30% from the ankle alone). Head injury or hypothermia caused 12 of 13 fatalities, showing the lowest case-fatality rate reported to date among injured climbers (6%). Rescue personnel successfully managed airways in victims of head injuries, anticipated and treated complications of hypothermia, and stabilized fractures. Victims requiring immediate extensive surgical intervention or blood transfusion usually died before rescue could be effected. PMID- 3247733 TI - Rates and causes of end-stage renal disease in Navajo Indians, 1971-1985. AB - The rates of end-stage renal disease are much increased in American Indians, but no longitudinal study of its rates and causes has been undertaken in any tribe. This 15-year study of rates and causes of treated end-stage renal disease in the Navajo, the largest Indian tribe, supplies an important model on which to base projections and plan interventions. Treated end-stage renal disease in Navajos has increased to an age-adjusted incidence 4 times that in whites in the United States. Diabetic nephropathy accounted for 50% of all new cases in 1985, with an incidence 9.6 times that in US whites, and was due entirely to type II disease. Glomerulonephritis caused end-stage renal disease in Navajos at a rate at least 1.8 times that in US whites and afflicted a much younger population. The predominant form was mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with an immune complex deposition. Renal disease of unknown etiology, which probably includes much silent glomerulonephritis, accounted for 20% of all new cases. The aggregate Navajo population with end-stage renal disease was 9 years younger than its US counterpart. These observations reflect the genesis of the epidemic of diabetic nephropathy afflicting many tribes. Urgent measures are needed to contain this. In addition, the etiology and control of mesangiopathic, immune complex glomerulonephritis of unusual severity, a previously unrecognized problem, need to be addressed. PMID- 3247734 TI - Beyond the physicians' reference. The ethics of active euthanasia. AB - This discussion was selected from the weekly Grand Rounds in the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle. Taken from a transcription, it has been edited by Drs Paul G. Ramsey, Associate Professor of Medicine, and Philip J. Fialkow, Professor and Chair of the Department of Medicine. PMID- 3247735 TI - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. AB - These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs Homer A. Boushey, Professor of Medicine, and David G. Warnock, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the direction of Dr Lloyd H. Smith, Jr, Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean in the School of Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143. PMID- 3247736 TI - Physicians and smoking cessation. PMID- 3247737 TI - Euthanasia--the continuing debate. PMID- 3247739 TI - Trichobezoar associated with gastric polyposis. PMID- 3247738 TI - Pericarditis with effusion and tamponade complicating left subdiaphragmatic abscesses. PMID- 3247740 TI - Experience of a clinic for Afghan refugees in Pakistan. AB - Since the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979, 3.5 to 4 million refugees have moved into Pakistan and Iran. Even before the war, the health status of the Afghans was extremely poor and the medical personnel limited. Various international efforts are attempting to cope with the health care needs of the refugees. Economic, language, and cultural problems hamper the projects. One clinic found the most common problems were of the gastrointestinal tract, then the respiratory tract, with a problem ranking similar to that of pre-war Afghanistan. Many of the health problems are linked to deficiencies in sanitation and nutrition. PMID- 3247741 TI - [Indirect and direct measurements of arterial pressure in patients with atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 3247742 TI - [Blood serum ferritin level in patients with chronic renal failure treated by repeated hemodialysis]. PMID- 3247743 TI - [Effect of nitrous oxide on methionine synthetase activity in human placenta]. PMID- 3247744 TI - [Heart injuries]. PMID- 3247745 TI - [A case of spontaneous rupture of simple renal angioma in pregnancy]. PMID- 3247747 TI - Women in the later years: health, social, and cultural perspectives. PMID- 3247748 TI - Stress and adaptation patterns of older osteoporotic women. AB - This study explored the ways in which osteoporosis affected the lives of 115 community-dwelling older women. Stress and adjustment patterns were the main variables examined. The women perceived more stress in their lives since being diagnosed with osteoporosis than before the diagnosis. Pain, loss of roles, and other limitations placed on the women due to their condition contributed to their feelings of stress. Both short and long term coping strategies were developed by the women to help them adapt to their illness. PMID- 3247746 TI - [Various central determinants of Hoigne's syndrome]. PMID- 3247749 TI - Community care of older women living alone. AB - This paper compares the formal and informal care used by women living alone and women living with others using data from a household survey of women over 65. In contrast to those living with others, who use few formal services and receive most of their care from the children they live with, those living alone rely on a diverse group of informal caregivers and formal services, many of which are provided in their homes. Women living alone also report using mechanical devices more often, and are less confident that assistance will be available in the event of illness. Results are discussed from psychological and organizational perspectives. PMID- 3247750 TI - Just being friendly means a lot--women, friendship, and aging. AB - This article examines friendship patterns and interactional skills among older, noninstitutionalized women. It draws on two studies, one quantitative and the second qualitative, of friendship undertaken by the author. Friendship is viewed in relation to age, related socio-environmental transitions and psychological growth in later life including the issues of intimacy, reciprocity and relational identity. PMID- 3247751 TI - Kinship versus friendship: social adaptation in married and widowed elderly women. AB - The qualities of daughter versus same-sex friend relationships were described by 151 married and widowed elderly women. The relation of these qualities to life satisfaction was assessed. Relationship qualities predicted life satisfaction in widowed women but not in married women. Significant predictors of life satisfaction for widows included the emotional support of daughters, the instrumental support of friends and friendship strength. In a comparison of the relationship qualities, both married and widowed respondents described daughters as providing more stimulation, ego support and utility than friends. Respondents also reported that relationships with daughters were stronger than those with friends. Married women described relationships with both daughters and friends as more stimulating than widowed women. The value of assessing qualitative indices compared to quantitative indices of later life relationships is discussed. PMID- 3247752 TI - Generational equity: issues of gender and race. AB - Recent attempts to portray the relative affluence of the current generation of older Americans as causing economic hardship for younger generations are examined in this paper. This argument, commonly referred to as the "generational equity" thesis, ignores the basic issues of gender and race. We argue that: the elderly are more sharply stratified into rich and poor than younger groups, the official poverty level used by the federal government underestimates the number of poor older persons living in poverty, and that older women and minorities have disturbingly high rates of poverty. Reducing current federal benefit levels to the elderly would do little to alleviate the problems experienced by younger generations, and would cause severe hardship for many older people. Women and minorities would be especially hard hit by such reductions since they are more likely to be poor than white males. PMID- 3247753 TI - Older women in nonindustrial cultures: consequences of power and privilege. AB - In old age, women in many non-Western cultures gain influence, prestige, and freedom. Tensions, however, often develop with disadvantaged younger women who are subject to old women's authority and resent the privileges of their elders. After outlining the benefits of aging for women in nonindustrial cultures, this article examines the particular relations between old and young women that are subject to strain. It is argued that older women have a strong interest in maintaining young women's subordinate position. In a concluding section, the question of how social change affects the position of old women is considered. PMID- 3247754 TI - Puerto Rican elderly women: the cultural dimension of social support networks. AB - This ethnographic study of elderly Puerto Rican women living in Boston explored the influence of cultural meanings on patterns of social interaction and support. Women's roles and social relations were found to reflect the importance of motherhood and domestic responsibilities. With aging, women expect and value respect from their children and younger persons and regard this as even more important than affection. These cultural factors affect friendship selection, family interdependence and exchanges as well as relations with the formal health care system. PMID- 3247755 TI - Older women in developing countries. AB - Women's issues are markedly underrepresented in international policy and research discussions. This paper addresses these deficits by delineating the particular conditions of aging women in developing countries. While these women experience many of the age-related problems as their counterparts in developed countries, cultural and economic influences place them at a greater disadvantage. PMID- 3247756 TI - Intergenerational transfers within the family context--motivating factors and their implications for caregiving. AB - The interdependence of generations, in both psychosocial and economic terms, has raised critical issues about the nature and role of reciprocity between adult children and their parents. This paper focuses on adult children as caregivers for their elderly parents and provides a conceptual paradigm for intergenerational familial exchanges. The paper builds on empirical studies of family care by investigating the factors that motivate the provision of support and assistance across generations. PMID- 3247757 TI - The aging, the aged, and the very old: women the policy makers forgot. AB - The nation's policy on aging has not adequately addressed the disjuncture between the compelling increase in the number of aged and the changing family and social roles of women. There is a continuum of mid-life, aged and very old women engaged in inter-generational exchange of care, who have unmet needs both as care givers and care receivers. Shortcomings in public policy arrangements are discussed, along with proposals for a national policy on aging that focuses on the family as a caring unit. PMID- 3247758 TI - Mental health and older women. AB - Currently it is estimated that up to 25 percent of the elderly manifest symptoms of mental disorder. The recognition of the seriousness of the problem has lead to a growing body of research in the field of geriatric mental health. This paper presents an overview of early gerontological studies of life satisfaction and morale of older persons and of the two most prevalent mental health problems of the aged, depression and dementia. Mental health service delivery and utilization issues are also considered. PMID- 3247760 TI - [Theory and practice of health indicators. 10th Neubrandenburger meeting. 8-9 April 1988. Proceedings]. PMID- 3247759 TI - Community care for the frail elderly: the case of non-professional home care workers. AB - With the aging of the population there will be a growing demand for non professional home care workers to augment family caregivers in the care and support of the frail elderly. Despite the present and future importance of these workers, little is known about their job problems and satisfactions and their relationships with clients and their families. This paper presents an overview of what is known about this vital component of home care and suggests policy and research implications. PMID- 3247761 TI - [Reflection of the WHO strategy "Health for All by the Year 2000" in the health policy of the Democratic Republic of Germany]. PMID- 3247762 TI - [Health indicators--development, status and perspectives]. PMID- 3247764 TI - [Derivation of health indicators]. PMID- 3247763 TI - [Social implications of the concept of health]. PMID- 3247765 TI - [Logical connections between health status and its indicators]. PMID- 3247766 TI - [Health indicators based on general mortality conditions]. PMID- 3247767 TI - [Rate of survival for the evaluation of sex-specific variations in the health status of the population]. PMID- 3247768 TI - [Infant mortality and low birth weight ratio as indicators of the health status of the population]. PMID- 3247769 TI - [Measurability of disease using indicators]. PMID- 3247770 TI - [Health indicators in the framework of hospital treatment]. PMID- 3247771 TI - [Effective utilization of the available data on disease incidence using longitudinal analysis]. PMID- 3247772 TI - [Epidemiologic analysis of infection incidence in the NVA and the border troops of the German Democratic Republic]. PMID- 3247773 TI - [Mass screening for the evaluation of individual and community health]. PMID- 3247774 TI - [Indicators of individual health status in children]. PMID- 3247775 TI - [Indicators of population-related health status of children and adolescents]. PMID- 3247776 TI - [The application of positive health status indicators in the framework of fitness for military service and health suitability of candidates for military professions]. PMID- 3247777 TI - [Utilization of health status indicators in relation to occupational health qualifications and surveillance studies]. PMID- 3247778 TI - [The utilization of positive health status indicators in adolescents]. PMID- 3247780 TI - [Health status indicators and outpatient services]. PMID- 3247779 TI - [Evaluation of health status using self-assessment and including living conditions]. PMID- 3247781 TI - [Characteristics of physical fitness as indicators of health status]. PMID- 3247782 TI - [The significance of movement-induced adaptations for the stability of health]. PMID- 3247783 TI - [The significance of subjective health status indicators]. PMID- 3247784 TI - [Criteria for the determination of physical fitness as a health indicator]. PMID- 3247785 TI - [Fitness diagnosis of untrained subjects in determining health status indicators]. PMID- 3247786 TI - [Long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure as a health status indicator]. PMID- 3247787 TI - [Characteristics of health status indicators as determined by ergometric studies]. PMID- 3247788 TI - [Indicators of physical fitness of the musculoskeletal system]. PMID- 3247789 TI - [What is the current status and future of perimortal medicine?]. PMID- 3247790 TI - [Changes in the electropherogram caused by heparin (plasma electrophoresis)--a cause for erroneous interpretations]. PMID- 3247791 TI - [Patients with Parkinson disease: help in management of the disease]. PMID- 3247792 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hematuria]. PMID- 3247793 TI - [Estimation of sample sizes in four field tables]. PMID- 3247794 TI - [Problems and methods of literature searches in medicine]. PMID- 3247795 TI - [Methods and means of health counseling in the medical management of patients]. PMID- 3247796 TI - [Phenylketonuria from the current viewpoint]. PMID- 3247797 TI - [New aspects of carrier diagnosis and human genetic counseling in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 3247799 TI - [Wound closure and wound care in surgical dermatology. Meeting of the Association of Surgical Dermatology. 27 April 1988, Munich]. PMID- 3247798 TI - [Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis following chorionic biopsy]. PMID- 3247800 TI - [Wound dressings following dermabrasion]. AB - A simple, easy and effective woundclosure following dermabrasion was carried out by fixation of Transite over the Epidermal-cutaneous defect and Allevyn over this Mesh-Graft-Like biologic dressing. Transite shows very little aderence to the wound surface. It is not damaging the wound at removal. The dressing removal is painless. PMID- 3247801 TI - [Trusting relations in family members of psychiatric patients]. AB - On grounds of the literature about significant others of psychiatric patients it is to look for by what kind of characteristics different groups of significant others (mothers, spouses, others) may be differentiated and which variables characterize confident relationships and bonds. Significant others of psychiatric patients were investigated as well as the patients who belong to the diagnostic groups schizophrenia, depression or mania (RDC-criteria). They were investigated during and after an inpatient stay in one of the three psychiatric inpatient treatment centers in a large city of West Germany. For data analysis correspondence analysis was used, a method which is able to show correspondence between several characteristics by a computational as well as graphical way. Results show particularly two groups of significant others: burdened mothers and partners of depressed or manic patients. A confident relationship exists if daily contact was given as well as feeling attached to the patient and feeling burdened. Maintaining a confident relationship in spite of burden is explained by cognitive processes of attachment. PMID- 3247802 TI - [Induced imagination as a methodologic paradigm in assessing stress perception and stress processing]. AB - The methodological paradigm of the induced imagination has been tested as an alternative diagnostic access to stress and coping. Assumptions on the therapeutic applications of imagery techniques (i.e. Cautela, 1967; Lang, 1978; Leuner, 1980; Wolpe, 1958) have been integrated with cognitive concepts of visual imagery (Kosslyn, 1980; Kosslyn, Brunn, Cave & Wallach, 1984; Paivio, 1971; Steiner, 1980) to deduce a theoretical framework of emotional imagery. An emotionally involving imagery scene is generated when semantic-, spatial- and motoric-relational representations of an imagined scene are constructed and actions are to be performed by the subject. The electrodermal activity (EDA) serves as a physiological indicator of stress. Ten subjects have been tested. The main results are: 1. Stressful imaginations correlate with significantly higher physiological activity than relaxation phases and imagery scenes with agreable content. 2. Different sequences of a stressful imagination can be differentiated psychophysiologically: Parts of imagery appraisals and emotions show higher physiological activity than sequences which consist of descriptions of situational and environmental elements. 3. It could be shown that not the verbalisation itself but different contents of imagery scenes correlate with different physiological activities. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that verbalisations of stressful events and coping strategies are related to increased physiological activity. The psychophysiological differentiation of stress processes implies the applicability of the induced imagination as a validity criterion for a criterion oriented questionnaire of stress and coping (Reicherts & Perrez, 1986). PMID- 3247803 TI - [The effects of psychotherapy as a result of the relation of therapeutic availability and acceptance by the client]. AB - The connection assumed in the "Generic Model of Psychotherapy" of Orlinsky and Howard (1986) between therapeutic interventions and the openness of the client, on one hand, and the short and long-term therapeutic outcome, on the other hand, is tested. Three different treatment conditions, namely, interactional behavior therapy, broad-spectrum-behavior therapy, and client-centered therapy were compared in a controlled study with reference to the relation between these variables. The results confirm the central role of the client's openness in the therapy process, but also show the connection assumed in the Generic Model is not equally present in all therapy forms. PMID- 3247804 TI - [Characteristics and trends of German research in clinical psychology]. PMID- 3247805 TI - [Life and freedom as a compulsion? Considerations of the relation of the phenomenology of life and analysis of existence]. AB - The phenomenon of compulsion, unless it is seen as purely pathological, discloses in a peculiar way by an analysis of the situation in connexion with the immanence of life. Challenged by a given situation man must react immediately whereas the first origin of human existence is a state of passivity without any possible escapes. In so far freedom rests on a inevitableness, that reactualizes with every challenge by the daily situation. This "compulsion" to answer permits at the same time real freedom; for the clever and synthesic questions to life give way to the real tasks, that have to be settled at the moment. PMID- 3247807 TI - The reaction of sulfhydryl groups with carbonyl compounds. AB - The sulfhydryl groups of L-cysteine and reduced glutathione (GSH) react nonenzymatically with formaldehyde (F), acrolein (Al), acetaldehyde (AA), malondialdehyde (DAM), pyruvate (P), oxoglutarate (oxo-G) and glucose (G) to form thiazolidine derivatives. These reactions show different velocities and the adducts formed show different stabilities. The equilibrium constants K, as well as the rate constants kr for the reverse reaction, show considerable variation. The carbonyls reveal higher reactivity with sulfhydryl group of L-Cys than with those of GSH, and the stability of the adducts is higher than that of GSH. Al, F and AA react more rapidly with both thiol compounds than the other carbonyls, but the adducts are less stable. The sulfhydryl groups level of bovine serum albumin as well as those of high- and low-molecular thiols of human plasma is reduced in the presence of Al, F or DAM. PMID- 3247806 TI - The effect of azo dyes on heat aggregation of IgG. AB - The mechanism of IgG heat aggregation was studied using IgG aggregates complexed with azo dyes to increase their solubility and stability. Heat dependent and heat independent steps of aggregation were differentiated. On heating IgG at the dye concentration exceeding 100 times that of protein, mainly dimers are formed, as judged from ultracentrifugation and chromatographic analysis, whereas high molecular weight derivatives appear at room temperature when the protein/dye ratio is decreased. The analysis of spectral changes following either the attachment or removal of the dye from IgG aggregates implies that only a part of the dye molecules is bound firmly and directly to the protein binding sites. These dye molecules which are easily removed by adsorption to cellulose or reduced by dithionate but migrate together with IgG aggregates on chromatography and electrophoresis, are supposed to constitute that part of the micelle which extrudes from the binding site and, hence, is fixed indirectly to protein. Various proteins with predominant beta-structure were also found to bind azo dyes when heated. PMID- 3247808 TI - Functional states of neutrophils as suggested by whole blood chemiluminescence. AB - Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) of whole blood was examined in order to distinguish between activation states of phagocytic cells. The CL response of these cells was provoked by a phagocytic stimulus--polystyrene particles. Four functional states of phagocytes were proposed: "resting", "stand by", "activated" and "exhausted". The distinction was done on the basis of extent of the CL response to the particles, time pattern of the process, inhibition of CL by plasma and appearance of spontaneous light emission. Freshly drawn blood of healthy individuals exhibits the "resting" profile of CL, but that of patients with bacterial infection reveals CL patterns ascribed in this paper to the "stand by", "activated" or "exhausted" states of phagocytes. The "stand by", "activated" and "exhausted" behaviour of phagocytes in extravasated blood may be induced by preincubation of blood, stimulation with saline extract of Escherichia coli or N formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, and by some manipulations involved in preparation of the purified neutrophils. PMID- 3247809 TI - The construction of the hybrid plasmid containing genes of the central part of phage T4 baseplate and gene 29 product separation. AB - A fragment of E. coli bacteriophage T4 genome including the four genes (genes 51, 27, 28, 29) coding for the central plug proteins was cloned into plasmid pMCC17. The genes present on this fragment were expressed in E. coli in the absence of phage infection producing hub proteins, which could be identified on polyacrylamide gels. By applying affinity chromatography protein 29 was purified from extracts of E. coli transformed with this hybrid plasmid. The isolated protein had the ability to complement T4 29 amber mutants. The molecular weight of the purified protein was estimated as 75,000 to 85,000 depending on the composition of SDS-polyacrylamide gel used for the assay. PMID- 3247811 TI - Molecular forms of pigeon skeletal muscle AMP deaminase. AB - Phosphocellulose chromatography of pigeon leg muscle extract revealed the existence of two well-separated forms of AMP deaminase. This was in contrast to the pigeon breast muscle extract, which yielded only one form. The two leg muscle enzyme isoforms manifested similar kinetic and regulatory properties. They were activated by very low concentration of potassium ions and demonstrated similar patterns of pH and effector dependence. At pH 6.5, as well as at other pH values tested. ADP and ATP slightly stimulated, whereas GTP and orthophosphate inhibited the two molecular forms of pigeons leg muscle enzyme. Surprisingly, the molecular form of AMP deaminase present in pigeon breast muscle was inhibited by ATP at all pH values tested. The kinetic and regulatory properties of the three molecular forms of pigeon skeletal muscle AMP deaminase examined do not resemble those which have been described for pigeon heart muscle enzyme. PMID- 3247812 TI - Studies and prospectives of protein kinase C in signal transduction. PMID- 3247810 TI - A rat testis-specific hsp70 gene-related transcript is coded by a novel gene from the hsp70 multigene family. AB - To establish the identity of testis-specific hsp70 gene-related transcript, the expression pattern of the hsp70 gene family in testis and liver of rats subjected to whole body hyperthermia was investigated. In control liver two hsp70 gene related transcripts of about 2.2 and 2.5 kb were detected. Increased body temperature resulted in high accumulation of 2.5 kb RNA and in the appearance of abundant amounts of another heat-induced transcript of approx. 2.7 kb. In testis of control rats only one hsp70 gene-related transcript has been identified and hyperthermia did not affect its level. This transcript migrated in 1% agarose formaldehyde gel slightly faster than the 2.5 kb heat-induced RNA detected in liver and epididymis. The uniqueness of the testicular hsp70 gene-related transcript has been confirmed by its hybridization properties. At stringent conditions this transcript did not hybridize with a human hsp70 gene-related probe in contrast to the 2.5 and 2.7 kb heat-induced RNA species. PMID- 3247813 TI - Proceedings of the XXXXX general meeting of the Japan Hematological Society (II). Kyoto, April 7, 8 and 9, 1988. PMID- 3247814 TI - Bone marrow biopsy of aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 3247815 TI - Molecular analysis of beta-thalassemia. PMID- 3247816 TI - Prognostic factors in refractory anemias. PMID- 3247818 TI - Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelofibrosis. PMID- 3247817 TI - Results of aggressive chemotherapy for myelodysplastic syndromes. PMID- 3247819 TI - Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)--characterization of clinical features and prognosis. PMID- 3247820 TI - Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia: molecular analysis of bcr and abl genes and transforming genes. PMID- 3247821 TI - Leukemic cell differentiation and proto-oncogene expression. PMID- 3247822 TI - ETS-1 gene in human leukemia cells. PMID- 3247823 TI - The analysis of differentiation inhibitory factor to erythroid progenitor cells. PMID- 3247824 TI - Megakaryocytic inhibitors derived from platelets: effect of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on murine megakaryocytopoiesis. PMID- 3247825 TI - Cytogenetic indicators in intractable leukemia. PMID- 3247826 TI - Association between the secondary colony-plating efficiency of blast progenitors and the remission induction outcome of acute myeloblastic leukemia patients. PMID- 3247828 TI - The development of an efficient ambulatory in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) program using ultrasonically guided oocyte retrieval. AB - Until recently most of the current in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) programs used laparoscopy for oocyte retrieval and included hospitalization in the treatment. The establishment of a successful ambulatory IVF program that uses ultrasonically guided oocyte aspiration, is described. Between August 1985 and February 1987, 384 percutaneous transvesical ultrasonically and transvaginally guided follicle aspirations were performed on 414 patients, following ovarian stimulation with hMG and hCG. Ninety two clinical pregnancies were confirmed by ultrasound. The clinical pregnancy rate was 26.8% when based on the number of embryo transfers. There were 16 multiple pregnancies (17.4%), 18 miscarriages (19.5%), and two tubal pregnancies (2.1%). The most important factors contributing toward the success of this program were rigid adherence to clinical and laboratory protocols, and the maintenance of a strict quality control. The ambulatory management was very well accepted by the patients, who during the entire period of ovarian stimulation had minimal disruption of their routine activities. PMID- 3247827 TI - Treatment of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia with alternating non-cross resistant chemotherapy. PMID- 3247829 TI - Response to human chorionic gonadotropin in patients with ovarian tumors. AB - The results of hCG stimulation on peripheral levels of androstenedione (A), testosterone (T) and estrone (E1) were examined in 14 patients with ovarian tumors and in 9 tumor-free subjects, after the menopause. Following hCG injection, 9 postmenopausal patients with ovarian tumors showed a significant rise in A peripheral levels. The responsive subjects generally had significant increases in A baseline levels, too. The remaining 5 subjects with advanced or poorly differentiated ovarian cancer with no stroma were not responsive to hCG. Moreover, in the tumor group, 7 subjects had increased baseline T and/or E1 and in 3 of them an increase of these steroids was observed following hCG. In the absence of ovarian tumor, no subject in the control group was responsive to hCG administration. The results of the present investigation seem to confirm the in vivo responsiveness to hCG of ovarian tumors. PMID- 3247830 TI - Breech position, delivery route and congenital hip dislocation. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the mode of delivery for fetuses in breech presentation in any way influenced the frequency of congenital hip dislocation. In 13,559 singleton births 583 fetuses were in breech position, and the cesarean section rate was 39.1%. Eighty-three infants were born with congenital hip dislocation, 11 of whom had been in breech position. Of these 11, cesarean section was required in 5 cases. There was no difference in frequency of congenital hip dislocation between fetuses in breech presentation delivered by cesarean section vs. by the vaginal route. The frequency of breech presentation in congenital hip dislocation was 13.3%. Including 7 external versions, the rate was 21.7%. Female to male ratio was 4:1. The frequency of congenital hip dislocations in infants born in vertex presentation was 5.5 per mille and for infants born in breech presentation it was 18.9 per mille. PMID- 3247831 TI - Plasma zinc concentration and thyroid function in hyperemetic pregnancies. AB - Low zinc concentrations in plasma have been reported in pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation, as well as in non pregnant individuals with gastrointestinal and eating disorders. The present study looked at the plasma zinc concentration in hyperemetic and normal pregnant women at the same stage of gestation, as well as total thyroxin concentration in these two groups, since abnormal thyroid function is a common phenomenon in hyperemetic women. No difference in plasma zinc concentration was found between normal and hyperemetic women, which suggests that hyperemesis gravidarum is not associated with a low plasma zinc concentration. Hyperemetic women did have, however, significantly higher total thyroxin concentrations, and on further examination, a significant correlation was found between plasma zinc concentration and total and free thyroxin, free tri-iodothyronin, and human chorionic gonadotropin. The significance of our findings is discussed. PMID- 3247832 TI - A prospective controlled five-year follow-up study of primiparas with gestational hypertension. AB - Primiparas with hypertension first recognized in pregnancy and an age- and parity matched control group, normotensive throughout pregnancy, were monitored during 5 6 years with blood pressure recordings performed in a standardized way. At the end of the study period, 21 out of 49 women with hypertension in pregnancy had developed hypertension requiring therapy or borderline hypertension, compared with 2 women in the control group who had developed borderline hypertension. Therapy was required in 7 of the women. Factors associated with increased risk of developing hypertension were gestational week at diagnosis of gestational hypertension, 1st diastolic blood pressure during follow-up, family history, smoking, and age. PMID- 3247833 TI - Relationship between placental shape, cord insertion, lobes and gestational outcome. AB - Singleton placentas from 330 consecutive births were examined for size, shape, cord insertion, allanto-chorial vascular pattern and lobes. These factors were considered regarding possible interactions and correlation to pregnancy and perinatal outcome. Marginal cord insertion was correlated to extrachorial and bilobate placenta and to magistral wr mixed allanto-chorial vascular pattern. A paucity of lobes (less than 15) was associated with extrachorial placenta, marginal cord insertion, pre-eclampsia, gestational age less than 38 weeks and small for gestational age infants. The common denominator for abnormal configuration and marginal cord insertion seemed to be the paucity of lobes. PMID- 3247834 TI - Cryosurgical treatment of CIN I-III. A long-term study. AB - One hundred and seventeen patients (age range 18-40 mean 28 years), with ectocervically located intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), histologic grades I-III, were treated with cryosurgery during the period 1974-80. The initial cure rate was 93.2% overall, and 88.1% for CIN III. During long-term follow-up (7-12 years, mean 9.8) two failures occurred, one after 2.5 years, the other after 7 years, giving a long-term cure rate of 91.5% overall, and of 86.5% for CIN III. All patients but one were available to follow-up (i.e. a loss to follow-up rate of 0.8%). There were no significant early or late complications, nor any untoward effects with regard to pregnancy or fertility. Thus cryosurgical treatment of ectocervically located CIN gives good long-term results. Scrupulous selection of patients, consisting of a meticulous colposcopic investigation, histologic diagnosis based upon cervical biopsy and curettage, is important to avoid the hazards of invasive cancer. PMID- 3247835 TI - Structural and ultrastructural patterns of the human preovulatory endometrium following clomiphene citrate treatment. AB - To investigate ultrastructural modifications in the endometrium of women receiving clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment, we performed endometrial biopsies in the preovulatory phase in 17 patients with anovulatory infertility and 16 normo ovulating women with tubal or male sterility. Histology, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) revealed midproliferative phase aspects in 11.7% of the treated group and 6% of the controls, late proliferative aspects in 76.4% and 82%, and postovulation days 1-3 characteristics in 11.7% and 12% respectively. No significant differences were observed between the patients and controls; our data indicate that CC taken in a dose not exceeding 100 mg/day from day 3 of the cycle can induce endometrial maturation that is almost identical with that of a spontaneous preovulatory phase. This type of endometrium should therefore allow implantation of a fertilized egg and maintain unmodified the complex biohumoral relations with the embryo. PMID- 3247836 TI - Comparison between the outcome of antenatal care led primarily by district physician or by obstetrician. A study on a defined population based on the Medical Birth Registry. AB - Data from the Medical Birth Registry of the National Board of Health and Welfare for the years 1979-83 were studied. Comparison was made between women from one area, where the district midwife and the district physician were in charge of the antenatal care, and another area, where it was the district midwife and the obstetrician who were primarily responsible for the antenatal care. All births included in the analysis took place in the same maternity department, the numbers of births in the two areas being 3,861 and 3,041, respectively. The study was unable to reveal any difference in the outcome of pregnancy between the two areas. Thus, antenatal care led primarily by the district physician (referring complicated pregnancies to the obstetrician) seemed to be just as satisfactory as that led primarily by the obstetrician. A greater proportion of women in the latter group had 'abnormal' deliveries, for which there was no apparent cause. PMID- 3247837 TI - The value of endometrial curettage in the follow-up of hydatidiform mole. AB - Multiple curettages in the follow-up of patients with hydatidiform mole are often performed in Sweden. Of 36 patients developing trophoblastic neoplasia after molar evacuation, 24 underwent one or more endometrial curettages. The objective was generally to verify a diagnosis of malignant disease. However, in only one patient was a histopathological proof of choriocarcinoma obtained. In 3 other patients, malignancy could not be ruled out. It is demonstrated that development of malignancy after hydatidiform mole is rarely proven by endometrial curettage. PMID- 3247838 TI - Hydrops fetalis caused by intrapericardial teratoma. AB - A case of hydrops fetalis caused by an intrapericardial teratoma is presented. The importance of establishing the etiology of a hydropic state in utero is described, as active neonatal care seems to improve the outcome for these babies, although the mortality is still very high. PMID- 3247840 TI - Influence of operations for stress incontinence and/or genital descensus on sexual life. AB - A variety of operations for stress incontinence or genital descensus are performed in gynecological department. The purpose of this study was to find out whether these operations influenced the patients' sexual life. In a prospective study of 55 women, all sexually active prior to the operation, various characteristics were evaluated by interview and gynaecological examination, immediately before and 6 months after the operation. We had adviced early resumption of sexual intercourse. Postoperatively, 13 of 55 (24%) patients experienced improvement in their sexual life, 37 of 55 (67%) no change, and 5 of 55 (9%) experienced a deterioration. Improvement often resulted from cessation of urinary incontinence. Deterioration was in all 5 cases due to dyspareunia and all 5 patients underwent a posterior colporrhaphy as part of the operation. We conclude that provided the patients are well-informed the prognosis for sexual life after these operations is good. However, colpoperineoplasty in combination with anterior colporrhaphy might cause dyspareunia in some patients. PMID- 3247839 TI - Two rare complications of simultaneously occurring placenta praevia and placenta percreta. AB - Simultaneously occurring placenta praevia and placenta percreta is a well known yet rare obstetric complication. Cases in which invasion of chorionic villi lead to asymptomatic perforation of the uterus or bladder, rarely occur. This paper describes two such cases. PMID- 3247841 TI - Treatment of habitual abortions associated with autoimmune abnormalities. A report of two cases. AB - In a study of the etiology of idiopathic habitual abortion, we have found 2 patients with a history of 5 and 4 spontaneous abortions respectively, possibly caused by autoimmune abnormalities. In the plasma of one of the patients we had found the presence of lupus anticoagulans and other lupus antibodies, whereas the other suffered from a latent autoimmune hepatitis. We describe the successful treatment of the 2 womens' subsequent pregnancies with subcutaneous heparin supplemented with acetylsalicylic acid. PMID- 3247842 TI - Transperitoneal ovum migration in women with unilateral congenital ovarian absence. AB - A rare case of transperitoneal ovum migration resulting in an intra-uterine pregnancy is presented. A woman with left congenital ovarian absence and a surgically removed right oviduct, conceived following microsurgical repair of left tubal occlusion. PMID- 3247843 TI - Pregnancy and ventriculoperitioneal shunt. Report of a case and literature review. AB - Reported cases of pregnancy occurring in association with an extracranial shunt for hydrocephalus are very few. This report documents two uncomplicated pregnancies in a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom in our patient. PMID- 3247844 TI - [T1a glottic neoplasms: experience with surgery and radiotherapy]. PMID- 3247845 TI - [Histomorphological changes in nasal polyps in patients with glucose metabolism disorders]. PMID- 3247846 TI - [Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis: unusual involvement of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3247848 TI - [Vocal rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients using a tracheo-esophageal prosthesis]. PMID- 3247847 TI - [Nodular fasciitis in the differential diagnosis of parotid tumefaction]. PMID- 3247849 TI - [Synthesis of derivatives of N-(1-adamantyl)-N'-urea with potential antiviral activity]. PMID- 3247850 TI - [Effect of hyperlipidemia on pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin in rabbits]. PMID- 3247851 TI - [Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated neoplasms of the thyroid gland. Clinico-pathologic, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study]. PMID- 3247852 TI - Neurophysiological tests in neurolupus. PMID- 3247855 TI - [How to write a curriculum]. PMID- 3247853 TI - [Discriminative index of the efficiency of vagotomy in gastrectomized patients]. PMID- 3247854 TI - [Autologous transfusion]. PMID- 3247856 TI - [The antiviral action of a polyphenol complex isolated from the medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. VI. Reproduction of the influenza virus pretreated with the polyphenol complex]. PMID- 3247857 TI - Activation of macrophages by lymphokines from specifically sensitized lymphocytes with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. PMID- 3247858 TI - [Glucose isomerase biosynthesis, the isolation of immobilized preparations and their characteristics in the continuous process of isomerization]. PMID- 3247859 TI - [Effect of neuraminidase isolated from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae on cell cultures]. PMID- 3247860 TI - [Isolation and purification of neuraminidase from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]. PMID- 3247861 TI - [The role of tryptophan in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis in Penicillium gorlenkoanum]. PMID- 3247862 TI - [Characteristics of the extracellular fluorescing pigment of Bacillus mesentericus strain 90 R-variant]. PMID- 3247863 TI - [Stability of the polyene antibiotic A-159 in the form of solutions]. PMID- 3247864 TI - [The growth of feed yeasts and protein biosynthesis under conditions of nitrogen limitation]. PMID- 3247865 TI - [Nuclease activity of a chemostat culture of Candida tropicalis P-70]. PMID- 3247866 TI - [The combined action of glycosylation inhibitors on the influenza virus in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells]. PMID- 3247868 TI - [Genetic analysis of heteroclones of Streptomyces erythreus. I. Determination of the arrangement of genetic loci on its map]. PMID- 3247867 TI - [The growth of yeast and the activity of cellular enzymes in a medium with methanol and glucose]. PMID- 3247869 TI - [Effect of the growth rate on the activity of nitrogen metabolism enzymes in chemostat cultures of Candida diddensii and Candida tropicalis]. PMID- 3247870 TI - [Purification of the extracellular ribonuclease of Candida lipolytica]. PMID- 3247871 TI - [A nutrient medium for the culturing and neuraminidase biosynthesis of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]. PMID- 3247872 TI - [The chemical composition of propolis fractions with antiviral action]. PMID- 3247873 TI - Immunomodulatory action of propolis. II. Effect of water-soluble fraction on influenza infection in mice. PMID- 3247874 TI - [Macrophage activation via the polysaccharides of Rhodotorula glutinis]. PMID- 3247875 TI - [Effect of neuraminidase on the invasiveness of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in cell cultures]. PMID- 3247876 TI - Arterial supply of the atrio-ventricular bundle and its right branch by the first diagonal artery: a dual vascularization. AB - A case is described in which a septal artery originating from the first artery contributed to the vascular supply of the atrio-ventricular bundle, its right branch, the moderator band and the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle. Postmortem coronary angiograms and microdissection were use to determine the course of the arteries. The different patterns of origin of the anterior septal arteries were reviewed, and the role of these arteries as an anastomotic route in situations of proximal stenosis of the anterior interventricular artery is discussed. PMID- 3247877 TI - Morphology of ventricular wall surfaces following neurotoxin induced degeneration of supraependymal afferents. AB - Following intraventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine in rats and survival periods up to 25 weeks, the supraependymal serotonergic axon plexus in the lateral and fourth ventricle, except for the plexus upon the hippocampal fimbria in some cases, showed no evidence of regenerative capacities. This contrasts with many reports on regeneration of intraparenchymal serotonergic fibre systems in the mammalian brain following mechanical or neurotoxin-induced experimental degeneration. The supraependymal plexus appears to be critically involved in maintainance of normal ependymal integrity in that following its experimentally induced death many ependymal cells exhibit various pathological alterations in all regions examined. Degeneration of this plexus is also associated with heavy phagocytotic reactions. Morphology, distribution and possible origins of supraependymal macrophages are briefly discussed. PMID- 3247878 TI - Histochemical changes in acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the growing follicles and corpora lutea of the rat ovary. AB - Changes in acid and alkaline phosphatase activities are studied histochemically in different components of the growing follicles and corpora lutea of different generations. Theca cells of the growing follicles showed strong acid phosphatase activity as compared to that observed in the oocyte and granulosa cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity is localized only in the theca interna cells of growing follicles. However, after ovulation with the formation of corpora lutea, the granulosa lutein cells also showed this activity. Changes in the histochemical distribution of the acid and alkaline phosphatases in the follicles and corpora lutea are discussed in relation to folliculogenesis and corpus luteum and regression. PMID- 3247879 TI - Length-force characteristics of aponeurosis in passive muscle and during isometric and slow dynamic contractions of rat gastrocnemius muscle. AB - Length-force characteristics of aponeurosis of rat gastrocnemius medialis muscle and achilles tendon were studied for passive and active muscle. Active muscle performed isometric as well as slow concentric and eccentric contractions at low velocity. For isometric conditions, different aponeurosis and tendon length-force characteristics were found between passive and active muscle: At comparable low levels of force longer aponeuroses were encountered in passive than in active muscle. Similar results were found for achilles tendon, but the magnitude of the length change involved was smaller than for aponeurosis. For active muscle, no differences of aponeurosis length- force characteristics could be distinguished between the isometric contractions and a slow concentric contraction. Indications that such differences of aponeurosis length-force characteristics may exist between slow concentric and eccentric contractions were found. It is concluded that, for gastrocnemius medialis muscle, aponeurosis and tendon length - force characteristics may be quite variable depending on recent history of muscle length and activity. PMID- 3247880 TI - Morphometric changes in the duodenal microvillous surface area of the non pregnant, pregnant and lactating female rat. AB - In the present study an attempt has been made to describe the morphometrical changes occurring in the microvilli of the duodenum of rats of different ages and periods of reproduction. The data showed that the microvillous surface area in the duodenum was greatest in senescent rats and lowest in adult and old animals. The values for lactating rats were similar to that for the senescent group. There was a direct correlation between the microvillous surface area with the height and density. By contrast, however, there was a negative correlation between the width and density of the duodenal microvilli. PMID- 3247882 TI - AIDS in context: ethical and social implications. PMID- 3247883 TI - Practice and science united against AIDS. PMID- 3247881 TI - Mechanisms for cisplatin-FUra synergism and cisplatin resistance in human ovarian carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. AB - Cisplatin and FUra act synergisticly in human carcinomas. An increase in the availability of reduced folates necessary for tight binding of FdUMP to thymidylate synthase (TS) contributes to the enhanced cytotoxicity of this drug combination. The human ovarian A2780 cell line made three-fold resistant to cisplatin has been shown to have a three-fold elevation of m-RNA for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and TS. However, this increase did not result from an amplification of the genes for these two enzymes. In contrast, ovarian carcinoma cells from patients who failed treatment with cisplatin and FUra have been shown to have both enhanced gene expression and increased gene copy number for DHFR and TS. PMID- 3247884 TI - Getting back to basics: the three Rs. PMID- 3247885 TI - Rebundling health care. PMID- 3247886 TI - Growth and renewal on target. PMID- 3247887 TI - The importance of policy. PMID- 3247888 TI - Expanding clinical services. PMID- 3247889 TI - Colorectal cancer: detection, prevention, and therapeutics. PMID- 3247890 TI - [Vision and posture. Clinical aspects. Paris, 26-27 February 1988. Proceedings]. PMID- 3247891 TI - [New interdisciplinary approaches in ophthalmology]. PMID- 3247892 TI - [The postural eye]. PMID- 3247893 TI - [The clinical postural examination]. PMID- 3247894 TI - [The law of the canals]. PMID- 3247895 TI - [Ophthalmologic determinants of prismatic correction of posture. A retrospective analysis of 39 prescriptions]. PMID- 3247896 TI - [Eyeglasses and prismatic effects]. PMID- 3247897 TI - Infusion pumps and controllers: a United Kingdom point of view. PMID- 3247898 TI - The development and the general point of view on the use of infusion pumps in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 3247899 TI - [Syringe pumps: description, use and criteria for choosing equipment proposed in France in 1988]. PMID- 3247900 TI - [Interactions of drugs and their transitory containers during infusions]. PMID- 3247902 TI - [Vision and posture. Fundamental aspects. Paris, 26-27 February 1988. Proceedings]. PMID- 3247901 TI - [A dilution method for drugs administered by continuous infusion]. PMID- 3247903 TI - [Motor control of a handstand]. PMID- 3247904 TI - [Maturation of Romberg's coefficient. A possible influence of binocular equilibrium]. PMID- 3247905 TI - Induction of nasal turbinate atrophy in germ-free pigs, using Pasteurella multocida as well as bacterium-free crude and purified dermonecrotic toxin of P multocida. AB - To establish the role of the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) of Pasteurella multocida in the cause and pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis, germ-free pigs were inoculated with several strains of P multocida, crude DNT, or purified DNT. In some experiments, the aforementioned inocula were combined with Bordetella bronchiseptica. All DNT-producing P multocida strains induced severe turbinate atrophy. Histologic examination of the remnants of the nasal turbinates revealed intact, but undulated, ciliated epithelium and numerous osteoclasts. Inflammation was minimal or absent. A DNT-producing B bronchiseptica strain induced only mild turbinate atrophy. The lesions were characterized histologically by loss of cilia and ciliated cells and by an infiltration of predominantly mononuclear cells. Bone formation seemed impaired. Turbinate lesions were most severe in pigs infected with a combination of B bronchiseptica and a DNT-producing P multocida strain. Intranasal administration of sterile DNT-containing culture filtrate of P multocida or purified DNT of P multocida did not result in turbinate atrophy. In contrast, turbinate atrophy developed when these preparations were injected IM or when intranasal administration of DNT was preceded by inoculation of B bronchiseptica. PMID- 3247906 TI - Isolation, characterization, and molecular cloning of cryptic plasmids isolated from Edwardsiella ictaluri. AB - Fifty-five isolates of Edwardsiella ictaluri were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA by a rapid alkaline extraction procedure. All 49 isolates from channel catfish and a single isolate from Bengal danio carried 2 plasmids with molecular masses of approximately 3.2 and 3.7 megadaltons (Mdal). Five E ictaluri isolates from other fish contained 1 to 3 plasmids, which had molecular masses ranging from 2.5 to 45 Mdal. The 2 plasmids (3.2 and 3.7 Mdal) from the type strain of E ictaluri (ATCC 33202) were ligated into pUC19 cloning vectors, and restriction endonuclease maps of each insert were prepared. PMID- 3247907 TI - Cortical somatosensory-evoked potentials in the horse. AB - Cortical somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP) were recorded from thoracic and pelvic limbs in 15 horses (13 Thoroughbreds and 2 Quarter Horses). Ulnar nerve SEP were evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral palmar branch of the ulnar nerve at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Recordings were taken between electrodes at 2 cm lateral to the vertex (contralateral to the stimulated limb) and the midpoint of the interorbital line. Four peaks were found in all recordings: N1, P1, N2, and P2. Latencies to the peaks were 39.0 +/- 2.7, 45.5 +/ 5.3, 50.4 +/- 5.2, and 62.3 +/- 3.7 ms (mean +/- SD), respectively. Tibial nerve SEP were evoked by stimulation of the lateral plantar nerve branch of the tibial nerve at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Recordings were taken between electrodes at the vertex (contralateral to the stimulated limb) and the midpoint of the interorbital line. Four peaks were also found in all tibial nerve SEP recordings: N1, P1, N2, and P2. Latencies to the peaks were 64.6 +/- 11.8, 84.5 +/- 9.7, 121.2 +/- 11.6, and 134.0 +/- 11.1 ms, respectively. Amplitude variability was high for the ulnar nerve and the tibial nerve SEP. There was no effect of sex seen on peak latency or amplitude, and peak latencies were not affected by body length. PMID- 3247908 TI - Response to intradermal skin testing with four cat allergen preparations in healthy and allergic dogs. AB - Intradermal skin testing with 4 cat allergens was performed on 40 dogs. The allergens used were a commercial preparation, cat allergen 1, cat pelt extract, and cat serum. Twenty dogs had inhalant allergies (canine atopy) and 20 dogs were healthy. The dogs in these 2 groups were further allotted to groups of dogs with or without exposure to cats. Cat pelt extract was the only allergen that caused a statistically significant (P less than 0.025) difference in the number of positive reactions in healthy vs allergic dogs, with healthy dogs having the greater number of positive reactions. Seven (35%) of the 20 dogs with no known exposure to cats had positive reactions to at least one of the allergens. In dogs that had been exposed to cats, positive reactions developed in twice the number of dogs without clinical signs of canine atopy, compared with those with clinical signs of canine atopy. These data showed that dogs do become sensitized to cat allergen, but that this sensitization may not indicate known exposure to cats or clinical disease. PMID- 3247909 TI - Visual-evoked potentials in cats, using a light-emitting diode stimulator. AB - Visual-evoked potentials (VEP) were studied in 8 healthy adult cats anesthetized with xylazine HCl and ketamine HCl. Monocular visual stimulation was accomplished by a 3 x 5 matrix of light-emitting diodes. Subcutaneous needle electrodes placed in the scalp at various locations and a contact lens electrode on the cornea were used to record cortical and electroretinographic activities, respectively. Multiple electrode pairings and unilateral optic nerve transsection were used to distinguish between retinal and postretinal potentials recorded from scalp electrodes. The VEP was a robust polyphasic cortical potential, with peak latencies between 0 and 110 ms. Using the light-emitting diode method of stimulation, a VEP was recorded which was not contaminated by volume-conducted retinal activity. PMID- 3247910 TI - Electrocardiographic values from clinically normal, anesthetized ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). AB - Electrocardiograms were recorded from 25 clinically normal male ferrets anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and from 7 ferrets anesthetized with ketamine alone. Ferrets anesthetized with ketamine alone had excessive salivation, open eyes, muscle tremors, muscle twitching, paddling motions, attempts to stand, and an unstable ECG baseline. Because ketamine/xylazine combination resulted in induction and good muscle relaxation, the ECG had little interference resulting from muscular movement. PMID- 3247911 TI - Pharmacokinetics of sodium cephapirin in lactating dairy cows. AB - Sodium cephapirin was administered (10 mg/kg of body weight, IM) at 8-hour intervals in 4 consecutive doses to each of 6 lactating dairy cows. Blood, normal milk, mastitic milk, urine, and endometrial tissue samples were collected serially. Mean peak cephapirin concentrations in serum were 13.3 micrograms/ml 10 minutes after the 1st injection and were 15.8 micrograms/ml 20 minutes after the 4th injection (post[initial]injection hour [PIH] 24.33). The overall elimination rate constant value was 0.66/h and plasma clearance was 760 ml/h/kg. Mean peak cephapirin concentration in normal milk was 0.11 microgram/ml at PIH 2 and mean peak cephapirin concentration in mastitic milk was 0.18 microgram/ml at PIH 4. Cephapirin was not detected in the endometrium. The highest concentration of cephapirin in urine was 452 micrograms/ml, 2 hours after the 4th dose (PIH 26). PMID- 3247912 TI - Comparison of cardiopulmonary effects of isoflurane and halothane after atropine guaifenesin-thiamylal anesthesia for rumenotomy in steers. AB - Cardiopulmonary effects were assessed in 12 yearling steers anesthetized with guaifenesin and thiamylal sodium, intubated, and allowed to breathe isoflurane or halothane in oxygen spontaneously. Light surgical anesthesia, determined using eye position as a clinical indication of anesthetic depth, was maintained during surgical placement of a rumen cannula. Heart rate and respiratory rate were measured while the steers were standing quietly (baseline). Atropine (0.06 mg/kg of body weight, IM) was given after baseline measurements were taken. Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressures, pHa, PaCO2, PaO2, arterial [HCO3-], esophageal temperature, and end-tidal anesthetic concentration were measured every 15 minutes for 90 minutes after induction of anesthesia. Mean heart rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) above baseline in the isoflurane group at 15 and 30 minutes. Mean respiratory rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) above baseline in the halothane group at 45 minutes. At 45 minutes, mean respiratory rate was lower (P less than 0.05) in the isoflurane group, compared with that in the halothane group. Mean values for arterial blood pressures and arterial gases were similar for both agents at comparable times. Mean end-tidal isoflurane concentrations were less than mean end-tidal halothane concentrations at each comparable time during maintenance of similar anesthetic depth. Maintenance of anesthesia with isoflurane resulted in higher heart rates and lower respiratory rates, compared with maintenance of anesthesia with halothane in these steers. PMID- 3247913 TI - Disposition and excretion of flunixin meglumine in horses. AB - The disposition of flunixin meglumine administered IV at a dosage of 1.1 mg/kg was described by a 2-compartment model; the alpha and beta half-lives (t1/2) were 0.61 and 1.5 hours, respectively. When administered IV at a rate of 2.2 mg/kg, the disposition was best described by a 3-compartment model, and the alpha, beta, and lambda t1/2 were 0.16, 1.52, and 6.00 hours, respectively. The zero-time plasma concentrations after flunixin meglumine was administered at 1.1 and 2.2 mg/kg were 9.3 +/- 0.76 and 21.5 +/- 7.4 mg/L, respectively. The bioavailability after oral administration of 1.1 mg/kg was 85.8%. The absorption t1/2 was 0.57 hours, with a peak concentration of 2.50 +/- 1.25 mg/L. The cumulative urinary recoveries for IV and oral administrations were 61.0% and 63.3%, respectively, of the dose for the 12-hour collection period. The final asymptotic points of urine excretion after IV and oral administrations were 406.4 +/- 65.5 and 357.7 +/- 53.5 mg, respectively, which represented 75.5 and 77.5% of the drug accounted for between 30 and 35 hours after administration. Flunixin meglumine was rapidly excreted in urine over a 2- to 4-hour period after drug administration and was highly bound to protein in plasma. PMID- 3247914 TI - Influence of furosemide treatment on fluid and electrolyte balance in horses. AB - Alterations in electrolyte and acid-base balance were studied in 6 horses for 8 hours after furosemide administration (1 mg/kg of body weight, IM), and the results were compared with those for 5 healthy untreated horses (controls) kept under identical environmental conditions. In the treated group, decreases in plasma potassium, chloride, and calcium concentrations and increases in total plasma protein content persisted for the 8-hour observation period, whereas there was no change in plasma sodium concentration, osmolality, or packed cell volume. Plasma bicarbonate concentration and PCO2 remained high throughout the study, during which time venous blood pH was modestly increased only at the 6-hour sampling time. Furosemide treatment resulted in decreases in urine pH, specific gravity, osmolality, and potassium and calcium concentrations and increases in urine volume and total urine sodium, chloride, and calcium excretion. Body weight decreased 19.2 +/- 5.2 kg (mean +/- SD) in treated horses (4 +/- 1% of body weight), compared with a weight loss of 8 +/- 2.1 kg in untreated horses (1.5 +/- 0.4% of body weight) during the 8-hour experimental period. The increased fluid losses induced by the diuretic did not cause any obvious clinical signs in the horses. Pulse pressure, skin turgor, capillary refill time, and jugular distensibility remained unchanged throughout the experimental period. PMID- 3247916 TI - Oxfendazole: activity of a two-dose treatment regimen on natural infections of internal parasites of equids, with emphasis on migrating large strongyles in controlled tests in 1986 and 1987. AB - Oxfendazole paste formulation was administered intraorally at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight, twice (48 hours between treatments) in 5 controlled tests (experiments A, B, C, D, and E) to 18 equids (14 horses and 4 ponies) that were 5 to 24 months old in 1986 and 1987. Activity was evaluated against naturally acquired infections of various internal parasites, with emphasis on migratory stages of Strongylus vulgaris and S edentatus. The number of treated and nontreated equids in each experiment (horses in experiments A to D and ponies in experiment E) was: A, 1 and 1; B, 3 and 3; C, 3 and 1; D, 1 and 1; and E, 2 and 2, respectively. At 28 to 39 days after the first dose of the 2-dose treatment regimen, the equids were euthanatized and examined for several species of internal parasites. On the basis of the number of specimens at necropsy, excellent activity was found against migrating (retroperitoneal) S edentatus. In the aggregate for the 5 experiments, 41 live specimens of S edentatus were recovered from 10 treated equids, compared with 810 live specimens from the 8 nontreated equids, reflecting a difference of 95%. Several dead S edentatus were found in 8 treated equids. Three to 82 semihard nodules, which we believed were S edentatus-related lesions, were found in treated horses; only soft, seroedematous lesions, typical of S edentatus infection, were found in nontreated equids. In the cranial mesenteric arteries, activity for migrating S vulgaris was good overall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3247915 TI - In vitro susceptibility of canine tumor stem cells to doxorubicin. AB - Thirty-four canine tumor specimens (13 sarcomas and 21 carcinomas) were grown in soft agar gel. Susceptibility after continuous exposure to doxorubicin at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 micrograms/ml was compared with that of control cultures. Plating efficiency averaged 0.096%. Doxorubicin at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml was found to result in greater than 70% inhibition of colony formation in 3 of 13 sarcomas and 1 of 21 carcinomas tested, and greater than 50%, but less than 70%, inhibition in 3 carcinomas and 1 sarcoma. Twenty-six tumors had less than 50% reduction in colony formation and were considered resistant. Minor differences in responses to drug in primary and metastatic locations were observed and attributed to tumor heterogeneity and test variability. PMID- 3247917 TI - Mycotoxicosis caused by aerosolized T-2 toxin administered to female mice. AB - Thymus, spleen, adrenal glands, and small intestine of female mice exposed to aerosolized T-2 mycotoxin were examined at postexposure hours (PEH) 0.25, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 24. Lymphocyte necrosis was observed at PEH 1 in the thymus, spleen, and lamina propria and Peyer patches of the small intestine. Necrosis of small intestinal crypt epithelial cells was observed at PEH 2, and necrosis of parenchymal cells and increased number of neutrophils were seen in sinusoids of the adrenal cortex at PEH 4. These results indicated that the earliest microscopic evidence of T-2 mycotoxicosis after aerosol exposure was necrosis of lymphocytes in the thymus, spleen, and lamina propria and Peyer patches of the small intestine. PMID- 3247918 TI - A turbidimetric method for fibronectin assay in the dog. AB - An immunoturbidimetric method, using spectrophotometry, for the assay of canine plasma fibronectin concentration was compared with the immunoelectrophoretic method. The spectrophotometric method (S) correlated positively (r = 0.7) and significantly (P less than 0.01) with the immunoelectrophoretic method (I). The regression equation was S = 0.37I + 53. Ninety-five percent confidence levels for the regression line were calculated to allow detection, by spectrophotometry, of plasma fibronectin concentrations outside the normal range. PMID- 3247919 TI - Dexamethasone-induced serum biochemical changes in goats. AB - Dexamethasone was administered at sequential dosages of 0.1 mg/kg/day for 3 days and 1 mg/kg/day for 3 days to 6 adult female goats. The greatest effects induced were hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and hyperglycemia. At low dosages of dexamethasone, transient increases (P less than 0.05) developed in serum sodium and chloride concentrations. An effect on hepatic physiology or iron metabolism was not observed. PMID- 3247920 TI - Prognostic index for acute abdominal crisis (colic) in horses. AB - Selected physical and laboratory findings in 29 horses with acute abdominal crisis were evaluated retrospectively with a logistic regression equation to predict survival or death. Of 17 variables examined, 2 were found to have good predictive correlation. Serum lactate and packed cell volume had a combined predictive value of 94%. Packed cell volume mean values of 43 and 50%, respectively, differentiated survival from death. Serum lactate values of 28.18 mg/dl and 51.28 mg/dl differentiated survival and death. Analysis of data from a previous study of 36 horses with the logistic regression equation predicted survival rate of 96% accuracy, further substantiating the statistical model. PMID- 3247921 TI - Neodymium:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet laser energy delivered transsclerally to the ciliary body of dogs. AB - Using a hand-held optical fiber, a surgical neodymium:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet laser was used transsclerally on the left ciliary body of 25 dogs. Dogs were assigned to groups and were given low (100 J) and high (238 J) energy levels. In 12 dogs given 100-J energy, the intraocular pressure decreased a mean value of 6 mm of Hg below that in the untreated right eye. However, intraocular pressure returned to the pretreatment value 1 week after treatment. Intraocular lesions were not found by histologic examination 28 days later. In the second group of 13 dogs treated with 238-J energy, 6 were euthanatized 7 days after treatment and 7 were euthanatized 28 days after treatment. A mean decrease in intraocular pressure of 10 mm of Hg in the treated left eye, relative to the untreated right eye, persisted throughout the evaluation period. In eyes examined histologically 7 days after treatment, ciliary hemorrhage and necrosis were prominent. Other histologic changes were minimal and consisted principally of iris stromal hemorrhage. Of 7 dogs examined for 28 days after treatment, 6 remained sighted; in 1 dog, extensive intraocular hemorrhage occurred, eventually resulting in phthisis bulbi. Ciliary atrophy and fibrosis were the important histologic lesions observed 28 days after treatment. Laser energy delivered transsclerally by this optical system effectively induced ciliary necrosis and may be an effective treatment for canine glaucoma. PMID- 3247922 TI - Combined Kirschner-Ehmer apparatus and dorsal spinal plate fixation of caudal lumbar fractures in dogs: biomechanical properties. AB - The strength and rigidity of a new surgical technique for the stabilization of caudal lumbar fractures in dogs, using a Kirschner-Ehmer apparatus and a dorsal spinal plate (KE/DSP), were compared with 2 other methods of internal spinal fixation and with intact (control) spines, using a spinal test system that subjected the spines to 4-point bending. The fixation devices were applied to isolated canine lumbosacral spines (L1 to S3) from cadavers. A complete spinal separation was made in the spine implant specimens at L5-L6 by sharp dissection of all ligamentous structures connecting the two vertebrae. Bending moment vs L5 L6 angular deformation curves, and rigidity and load sustained at 10 degrees angular deformation (failure) were recorded for each fixation method and for the control spines. Values were compared by statistical analysis. The combined KE/DSP fixation and a combined vertebral body plate/dorsal spinal plate (VBP/DSP) fixation were stronger and more rigid than were the control spines and those fixed with a modified segmental-fixation method (P less than 0.05). There were no statistical differences in strength and rigidity between the 2 combined-fixation techniques. Although the VBP/DSP technique is not applicable to clinical caudal lumbar (L5-L6) fractures, it was compared in this study to the KE/DSP technique because a similar VBP/DSP technique was reported strongest in a similar study of L3-L4 simulated fractures, compared with 3 other spinal-fixation techniques that have been used in repair of caudal lumbar fractures. The technique has been used successfully in 6 dogs with caudal lumbar fractures. PMID- 3247923 TI - Evaluation of ivermectin for larvicidal effect in experimentally induced Parascaris equorum infections in pony foals. AB - A controlled test was carried out on 15 pony foals inoculated with 1,500 +/- 108.8 infective Parascaris equorum eggs. The foals were assigned to 3 treatment groups. Treatments given on postinoculation day 11 included 0.2 mg of ivermectin/kg of body weight, formulated as paste (n = 5), or liquid (n = 5), or no treatment (controls; n = 5). The foals were euthanatized on postinoculation day 25, and examined for larvae in the small intestine, lungs, and liver. Larvae were not found in foals treated with ivermectin liquid or paste, whereas significantly (P less than 0.05) higher mean numbers (960.9; range, 379 to 1,736) of 4th-stage larvae were found in the controls. Histologic and gross examination of lungs and liver revealed pathologic changes attributable to P equorum migration that were similar in all foals. Adverse reactions to treatment were not observed. PMID- 3247924 TI - Effects of milbemycin on adult Toxocara canis in dogs with experimentally induced infection. AB - To determine the efficacy of a formulation of milbemycins in treating patent infection with Toxocara canis, 8 male and 7 female, 10-week-old, ascarid-free Beagles each were given 125 embryonated eggs of T canis. All dogs developed patent infection within 56 days. On post-infection day 70, the dogs were assigned to 1 of 3 groups of 5 dogs each; members of 1 group were given a placebo, while dogs of the other 2 groups were given either 5.68 or 34.08 mg of the milbemycin formulation, respectively. In both groups of dogs given the drug, the number of eggs passed per gram of feces decreased precipitously. However, a few eggs still were found in the feces of several dogs of each group on the day of necropsy (postinfection day 75). Worms or fragments of worms were passed by the treated dogs from the day of treatment until the day on which necropsy was performed; however, most worms were passed during the first 2 days after treatment. At necropsy, only dogs of the control group were found to harbor adult T canis. PMID- 3247925 TI - Tissue residues of diacetoxyscirpenol in pigs and calves after intravenous dosing. AB - Pigs (n = 19) were given 0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mg of diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)/kg of body weight, and heifers (n = 7) were given 0 or 0.5 mg of DAS/kg. Animals were anesthetized and exsanguinated 8 hours after administration of DAS, and liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen were analyzed for DAS. Diacetoxyscirpenol was not detected in tissues from animals not given DAS. All tissues from pigs and calves given DAS contained at least traces (less than or equal to 10 ng/g of tissue) of DAS. PMID- 3247927 TI - [17th Spanish Congress on Pediatrics. Zaragoza, 21-24 September 1988. proceedings]. PMID- 3247926 TI - Comparison of the effect of T-2 toxin with that of dexamethasone or cyclophosphamide on resistance to Babesia microti infection in mice. AB - The effect of T-2 toxin on host resistance to acute and latent Babesia microti infections was evaluated in mice and was compared with the effects of the immunosuppressive drugs dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide. Mice with acute or latent B microti infection were treated with 2 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of body weight, 0.2 mg of dexamethasone/kg, or 30 mg of cyclophosphamide/kg daily for 5 days. Treatment with dexamethasone or cyclophosphamide caused significant (P less than 0.05) increases in Babesia parasitemia during acute infection and significantly (P less than 0.05) prolonged the duration of parasitemia during acute babesiosis. Treatment with T-2 toxin caused a transient significant (P less than 0.05) increase in Babesia parasitemia on day 10 after acute infection and numerical, though statistically nonsignificant, increases in the maximal level and duration of parasitemia during acute babesiosis. Significant (P less than 0.005) recrudescence of parasitemia was observed in the dexamethasone- and cyclophosphamide-treated mice with latent Babesia infection. Treatment with T-2 toxin did not cause recrudescence of parasitemia in mice with latent Babesia infection. PMID- 3247928 TI - [Professional aspects of assistance to adolescents: introduction]. PMID- 3247929 TI - [Professional aspects of assistance to adolescents]. PMID- 3247930 TI - [The adolescent and the hospital: experience of 2 hospitals in Madrid]. PMID- 3247931 TI - [Risk of malnutrition in infants in developing countries]. PMID- 3247932 TI - [Pediatric attention to the adolescent mother and her child]. PMID- 3247933 TI - [The adolescent and work in the Spanish legal system]. PMID- 3247934 TI - [Risk factors in the adolescent personality. Inadaptability and drugs]. PMID- 3247935 TI - [Advances in the understanding of the molecular structure and mechanism of action of growth hormone]. PMID- 3247936 TI - [Present status of the diagnosis of deficits in the secretion or activity of human growth hormone]. PMID- 3247937 TI - [Chronic hepatitis in childhood: introduction]. PMID- 3247938 TI - [Autoimmune hepatitis]. PMID- 3247940 TI - [Chronic non-viral inflammatory liver disease]. PMID- 3247939 TI - [Precursors of atherosclerosis in children]. PMID- 3247941 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of chronic hepatitis in childhood]. PMID- 3247942 TI - [Past and present of chronic liver disease in childhood]. PMID- 3247943 TI - [Pharmacological aspects of antipyretic-analgesic drugs in pediatrics]. PMID- 3247944 TI - [Analgesics in pediatric practice]. PMID- 3247945 TI - [Allergic problems in relation to antipyretic analgesic treatment in pediatrics]. PMID- 3247946 TI - [Use of prostaglandins and indomethacin in childhood cardiac therapy]. PMID- 3247947 TI - [Digoxin versus methylated digoxin in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 3247948 TI - [Results and perspectives of atrial septostomy using a balloon and a blade catheter]. PMID- 3247949 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in childhood: introduction]. PMID- 3247950 TI - [Pediatric AIDS. Epidemiologic inquiry in Spain]. PMID- 3247951 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in pediatrics. Clinical aspects]. PMID- 3247952 TI - [Essential arterial hypertension in childhood]. PMID- 3247953 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of HIV infection]. PMID- 3247954 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in pediatrics. Biological diagnosis]. PMID- 3247955 TI - [Treatment of AIDS]. PMID- 3247956 TI - [Evolution of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) on the international level. Perspective in our country]. PMID- 3247958 TI - [Value of polygraphic studies of sleep in infants at risk for sudden infant death syndrome]. PMID- 3247957 TI - [Sudden infant death syndrome and unexplained episodes of apnea: present view of the problem]. PMID- 3247959 TI - [Selection of infants at risk for sudden infant death syndrome]. PMID- 3247960 TI - [Is an early selection of healthy infants at risk for SIDS possible: scoring?]. PMID- 3247961 TI - [Obesity as a risk factor in children]. PMID- 3247962 TI - [Perinatal and neonatal nutrition]. PMID- 3247963 TI - Salt and fluid balance in newborn infants. AB - About 5 years ago it was widely thought that preterm infants should be supplemented with extra sodium to avoid hyponatremia. It has, however, to be pointed out that VLBW infants during the first postnatal week run a risk of developing hypernatremia which makes it difficult to give general recommendations for sodium supplementation. Since the serum sodium level depends not only upon the balance between sodium intake and sodium excretion but also upon the water balance which may vary depending on the clinical condition of the baby, it seems advisable to monitor the serum sodium level in all preterm infants. Supplementation should be given in case of hyponatremia. In instances of hyponatremia it also has to be considered if the infant due to positive fluid balance has retained fluid in excess of sodium. As a general conclusion the importance of monitoring sodium balance in every preterm infant should be stressed. Disturbances are most likely to occur in VLBW infants and in infants with acute illnesses. The best way of assisting fluid balance is by repeated accurate measurements of the body weight. It should, however, be kept in ming that no reliable methods are available for the measurement of the body weight of a preterm infant who is under intensive care and who cannot be taken out of the incubator. Serum sodium levels may give information of the sodium balance but it has to be stressed that fluid and sodium balances are always interrelated and that it is desirable to have simultaneous estimations of both balances. Excess retention of fluid may be caused primarily by excess retention of sodium or by fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3247964 TI - [The adolescent in present-day society]. PMID- 3247965 TI - [Informatics in pediatrics: introduction]. PMID- 3247966 TI - [Telematics and its impact on pediatrics]. PMID- 3247967 TI - [Informatics applications in pediatrics]. PMID- 3247968 TI - [Computer search program for chromosome aberrations]. PMID- 3247969 TI - [Genetic counseling]. PMID- 3247970 TI - [Genetic counseling in clinical pediatrics]. PMID- 3247971 TI - [Nutritional obesity]. PMID- 3247972 TI - [Role of the cytogeneticist in genetic counseling]. PMID- 3247973 TI - [Role of the biochemist-geneticist in genetic counseling]. PMID- 3247974 TI - [Practical indications for genetic counseling. Ethical limitations]. PMID- 3247975 TI - [Recent advances in pediatric oncology: introduction]. PMID- 3247977 TI - [Principles of surgery in childhood neoplasms]. PMID- 3247976 TI - [Computerized tomography in pediatric oncology]. PMID- 3247978 TI - [Progress in chemotherapy. Secondary effects]. PMID- 3247980 TI - [3d meeting of the French Society of Hemapharesis. Paris, 29-30 January 1988. Proceedings]. PMID- 3247979 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of cancer]. PMID- 3247981 TI - [Results of a French retrospective study on autologous transfusion]. AB - To determine organization of autotransfusion in France, two questionnaires were sent to blood centers, anesthetists in 2,100 public hospitals, 50 anesthetists in private clinics and members of the French Hemapheresis Society, requesting information on autotransfusion method, date of installation, applications and persons responsible for its use. Data collected showed wide use of autotransfusion in order to economise human products before any legislation and before pressure due to transfusion transmissible diseases (TTD). However, many groups began this activity in 1987, and others still hesitate because of practical difficulties (legislation, cost, liability) in spite of the request of their colleagues or patients motivated by the risk of TTD. PMID- 3247982 TI - [The eccentriplate device on the Dideco Vivacell cell separator for the collection of platelets]. AB - When adapted to the Dideco Vivacell cell separator, the eccentriplate system allows preparation of leukocyte-poor platelet concentrates. Results of its use on 84 procedures showed that a mean of 4.51 x 10(11) platelets were removed in less than 2 hours with a particularly low level of leukocyte contamination: 2.6 x 10(8). Study of platelet function showed them to be altered more by eccentriplate than by conventional removal with the same apparatus. Analysis of recirculation in vivo corroborated the functional anomalies observed with all aggregating agents (with the exception of arachidonate). These anomalies were associated with a quantity of platelets collected at the lower limit of French norms: 30% of the concentrates contained less than 4 x 10(11) platelets. These findings indicate the need for improvement in the eccentriplate system. PMID- 3247983 TI - [Erythropheresis in 4 cases of congenital hemolytic anemia]. AB - Erythrocytapheresis was performed 6 times in 4 patients with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Good results were obtained, particularly in pregnant patients, no crisis being observed during pregnancy. In the other patients the painful crisis was suppressed over 4 months. The technic is very easy. The Haemonetics H 30 was used, 70% of red cell volume being removed and replaced with leukocyte poor blood. PMID- 3247984 TI - [Treatment of systemic scleroderma using plasma exchange. A study of 19 cases]. AB - Generalized scleroderma (GS) is associated with dysimmunity anomalies suggesting possible benefits of plasma exchange (PE) therapy. Nineteen patients with GS were treated by PE (volume of plasma exchange equivalent to 5-6% body weight and replacement by 4% human albumin), initially three times weekly, then weekly, bi monthly and monthly (total duration 12-18 months). Clinical and paraclinical follow up was for an average of more than 2 years after the end of PE (mean number 17 per patient). Clinical results were assessed as positive and lasting in 11 cases (57.9%), two cases remaining stable and three cases worsening (one death from heart failure). The remaining three cases were failures in application of treatment (difficult venous approach). Improvement was noted in cutaneous sclerosis (62% of cases), trophic disorders (recovery in 6 of 7 cases) and articular manifestations. Vasomotor disorders were improved in only 20% of cases and visceral lesions unaltered. Results of capillaroscopy showed improvement in 5 of 11 cases. Biological values could not be correlated with either the course or the therapeutic efficacy. General tolerance to PE was good but the venous approach must be of good quality. These findings suggest the need for a randomized trial to define the place of PE in the treatment of GS. PMID- 3247985 TI - [Does plasma exchange have a place in the treatment of necrotizing angiodermatitis?]. AB - Necrotizing angiodermatitis is of characteristic clinical expression and is often difficult to treat. It is associated with microcirculatory disorders of hypertensive or diabetic origin. A particularly long course (m = 8 months) in 8 patients with necrotic angiodermatitis (of hypertensive origin in 6 cases and diabetes in 2) resulted in treatment by plasma exchange, two other patients with immunological angiodermatitis being treated similarly because of very similar symptomatology. The 10 patients (3 men, 7 women age range 55 to 80 years) received between 4 and 18 small volume plasma exchanges over 2 to 12 weeks. Results were evaluated from pain and duration of healing, absence of pain being reported by 7 patients and a beneficial effect on healing by 6 patients. No correlation existed between ESR and hematocrit values during treatment and the clinical course. The question arises as to whether the mode of action of plasma exchange in angiodermatitis is related to the purifying of serum factors or a rheological role. PMID- 3247986 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum: treatment with plasma exchange (4 cases)]. AB - Four patients with pyoderma gangrenosum were treated by plasma exchange. The series included one woman (cervical localization) and three men (sural localization in 1 case, multiple trunk and facial localizations in the second case and multiple, recurrent localizations on trunk and limbs in the third case). In 2 cases another disease was associated (ulcerative colitis in 1 case and Crohn's disease in the other). Between 6 and 12 plasma exchange sessions were carried out in combination with corticotherapy (1/2 mg/kg/day). Results in 2 cases were rated as very good: progression of the disease interrupted and no further pain after the 1st plasma exchange, rapid healing of lesions (a skin graft was necessary for a lesion of hand exposing tendons). A good result was obtained in the 3rd case with interruption of progression of lesions after the 1st plasma exchange but slower relief of pain. Treatment was considered a failure in the 4th case since there was no obvious regression in lesions or pain. Three of the 4 patients had no recurrences, one patient developing recurrences on 4 occasions responding well to plasma exchange each time. Pyoderma gangrenosum is a good indication for use of plasma exchange, which limits extension of ulcerating lesions, suppresses or reduces pain and decreases esthetic prejudice. PMID- 3247987 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis: therapeutic trial using plasma exchange and immunosuppression. Preliminary results]. AB - Four women aged 35 to 57 years (m: 49.2) with primary biliary cirrhosis and intractable pruritus had an estimated median survival time according to Christensen between 6 and 50 months (m: 27). They were enrolled in a therapeutic trial associating plasma exchange (PE) and immunosuppressive drugs. During the first 2 months, they received prednisone 15 mg/day, cyclophosphamide 2 mg/kg BW/day and 28 PE (60 ml/kg BW). Pruritus disappeared rapidly. After 2 months, mean levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatases, IgM and anti-mitochondrial antibodies dropped by 27 p. 100, 47 p. 100, 50 p. 100 and 85 p. 100 respectively, whereas amino-transferase and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase activities were unaltered. Two patients then received supportive therapy only: one was lost to follow-up after one year, the other died 50 months later from liver failure. The third patient received PE only when intractable pruritus reappeared: anti mitochondrial antibodies, IgM and alkaline phosphatases remained below initial values for 38 months, until successful liver transplantation was performed. The fourth patient was treated on a long term basis by PE twice a month, prednisone 10 mg/day for 3 years and cyclophosphamide 1 mg/kgBW/day for one year only. Her initial estimated survival time was 6 months, but 3 years later she developed portal hypertension; anti-mitochondrial antibody titer was between 0 and 1/80, alkaline phosphatase levels reduced by 80 p. 100 to 70 p. 100; bilirubin level up by 50 p. 100. The mean survival time for the 4 patients exceeded 34 months, results better than those obtained with other kinds of therapy. PMID- 3247988 TI - [The value of plasma exchange during flare-ups of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis]. AB - Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) or Summerskill's disease is a rare affection characterized by recurrent episodes of cholestasis of no apparent cause, separated by totally asymptomatic remissions. No specific treatment exists for the disease, and plasma exchange (PE) was proposed for disabling episodes affecting the general condition of two patients: one by two sessions of 4 and 13 exchanges during two episodes respectively (mass exchanged 14 and 35.5 l) and the other by 3 exchanges (total exchanged 4.5 l) during one episode. Improvement in clinical symptomatology and shortening of duration of two cholestatic episodes was noted when PE was carried out at an early stage. Bile acids were purified satisfactorily (42 to 52%), 0.15 to 1.17 mmole being extracted at each acute attack. Although difficult to assess in a rare affection such as this, PE appears to contribute to the symptomatic treatment of BRIC acute episodes if performed early enough, shortening their duration by the probable purification of circulating factors that are cholestatogenic as in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3247989 TI - [Removal of prednisone and prednisolone during plasma exchange]. AB - Prednisone and prednisolone extraction was determined during seven sessions of plasma exchange in four patients. Each patient received 0.5 mg/kg of prednisone administered orally 2 hours before plasma exchange. Concentrations of prednisone and prednisolone were determined in blood before, every half hour during and at the end of plasma exchange. Both drugs were also determined in removed plasma, mean volume of removed plasma being 0.96 plasmatic mass. The amount of combined prednisone and prednisolone removed by plasma exchange was 1.70% of the administered prednisone dose. This quantity appears minimal and supplemental dosing of prednisone or modification of administration time would seem to be unnecessary. PMID- 3247990 TI - [Treatment using plasma exchange of massive acute hemolysis. 15 cases]. AB - Fifteen patients admitted to an intensive care unit for massive acute hemolysis (MAH), defined by a free hemoglobinemia of more than 60 mumol/l, were treated by plasma exchange (PE) after a mean period following onset of 48.5 39 hours. The aim of plasma exchange therapy was to obtain early purification of hemoglobin and other substances released by red cell lysis and to prevent serious complications of MAH such as shock and RVHF or acute renal failure. Treatment by PE produced a decrease in initial hemoglobinemia of 76%, this level then remaining stable. The PE also appeared effective in the prevention and treatment of shock and RVHF, but much less so for installed acute renal failure. Comparison of results with those of a previous series of 16 patients with MAH treated by exsanguino-transfusion showed that PE was more effective, simpler to perform and less aggressive for early treatment of MAH, if rigorous conditions are applied. PMID- 3247991 TI - [Functional recovery in Guillain-Barre syndrome: benefits of plasma exchange]. AB - A monocentric, retrospective, comparative long term study based essentially on functional criteria was performed on 27 patients presenting Guillain-Barre syndrome, 14 treated with plasma exchange (PE), 13 with conventional therapy during the same period. Severity of the disease was similar in both groups. Functional improvement of PE treated patients was significant and mean duration of hospital stay significantly shortened (mean 79 days). These findings confirm those in the literature and suggest that treatment with PE be applied to every case of severe recent Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 3247992 TI - [Acquired factor VII inhibitor: treatment using high-dose immunoglobulins, corticotherapy and plasma exchange]. AB - A 62 year old man presented a diffuse hemorrhagic syndrome related to the presence of an acquired factor VII inhibitor (proconvertin). Autoantibodies were of the IgG class and no subjacent disease was detected during a 7-month follow up. Treatment with high-dose polyvalent immunoglobulins was ineffective, and the onset of an intracerebral hemorrhage required therapy by a series of plasma exchanges combined with immunosuppressive treatment. The plasma inhibitor was no longer present after the first exchange and clinical and biological remission was rapid. PMID- 3247993 TI - [Cholinergic crisis in a patient with myasthenia treated by plasma exchange and anticholinesterase agents]. AB - A patient with myasthenia receiving treatment with anticholinesterase agents and plasma exchanges for an acute episode, developed three successive periods of neurological deterioration during which plasma cholinesterase levels were determined. The risk of onset of a cholinergic crisis under these circumstances has been reported in the literature but not documented. The accidents in the present case were related to cumulative overdose effects of anticholinesterase agents and depletion of cholinesterase, suggesting caution in the use of anticholinesterase agents when frequent plasma exchanges are being carried out in a patient with myasthenia. PMID- 3247994 TI - [Therapeutic leukapheresis in a leukostasis syndrome complicating chronic lymphoid leukemia]. AB - A 50 year old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and extreme hyperleukocytosis (600 x 10(9)/liter) presented with a respiratory distress syndrome, congestive heart failure with cardiomegaly, endotoxic shock and anuria. Examination revealed nodes in all areas and hepatosplenomegaly; laboratory studies showed hypoxemia and a chest X-ray diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates. He was treated twice by leukapheresis using a cell separator. This procedure removed 10.1 x 10(10) white blood cells with marked clinical improvement and resolution of air-space diseases over the subsequent 48 hours. Despite this unusual indication for leukapheresis in CLL, this procedure may be of value in treating the leukemic phase of CLL with pulmonary leukostasis. PMID- 3247995 TI - [Evaluation of cascade filtration on a test sample]. AB - Double filtration or filtration in series can be consider as an effective means of removing proteins such as IgG, IgM, immune complexes, lipoproteins from plasma. In this study, we evaluated, using a biological and technical protocol: Kuraray (2A and 4A) and Dideco (Albusave) filters. Results were good by analysis of the sieving coefficient, but the method had 2 inconveniences: problem of slogging of the columns after filtering 2 liters and too high a reject coefficient of albumin. No effective solutions exist to avoid these two problems. Nevertheless, the filtration in series technic seems to be a good method for removing cholesterol and we have undertaken new studies to improve this system. PMID- 3247996 TI - Optimization of platelet concentrate collection for continuous flow cell separation devices (CFCS). AB - The ability to collect and transfuse a known quantity of platelets to a thrombocytopenic patient, which would assure hemostasis, requires that the quantity needed for transfusion is known, and that the quantity can be predictably collected from the donor. Collection of single donor platelet concentrates (SDPC) by continuous flow cell separation (CFCS) was introduced some ten years ago, but the variables that contribute to the yield have not been integrated into any mathematical model that could be implemented by the device to produce predictable yields, and automation alone has been insufficient to result in predictability. Three major factors contribute to platelet yield: the biologic contribution of the donor; procedure collection parameters, and the efficiency of the device. Data collected from Spectra, COBE 2997 and CS 3000 SDPC procedures suggested that the 35 x 10(11) average yield of PC represented 20-35% of the total quantity (TQ) available in the intravascular space of the donor. The percent collected from individual multiply pheresed donors, however, was consistent over multiple procedures. The volume of blood processed (a procedure variable) is also some percent of the blood volume (BV) of the donor. When these two variables (% TQ and % BV) were combined and statistical correlations to the yield examined, there were sufficiently consistent relationships between the two to mathematically model equations that predict reasonably well the yield on any of the CFCS devices. A light monitoring device attached to the Spectra translates changes in light transmission to platelet concentration in the collect line, and electronically tracks the accumulating yield throughout the procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3247997 TI - [Changes of erythrocyte and lymphocyte membrane fluidity after plasma extraction in children with type II homozygous hypercholesterolemia]. AB - Two young girls with type IIa homozygotic familial hypercholesterolemia were treated by plasma exchange to reduce circulating cholesterol levels, values prior to treatment being abnormally elevated (greater than 10 mmol/l). Simultaneous determination of membrane fluidity (by fluorescence polarization) of erythrocytes and lymphocytes showed marked decreases due principally to an increase in the intramembrane cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. Values after treatment showed a tendency to return to physiologic levels without, however, attaining normal values. In vitro studies of cholesterol incorporation in these membranes demonstrated the primordial role of cholesterol in these processes of membrane rigidity, and their reversibility. It is suggested that certain physical membranal properties could provide a useful index to assess need for more or less frequent plasma exchanges. PMID- 3247998 TI - Structure and function of growth inhibitory epidermal pentapeptide. PMID- 3247999 TI - Amino acid sequence of thymopoietin isolated from skin. AB - The isolation of thymopoietin-reactive material in fetal bovine skin was monitored by means of a radioimmunoassay to thymopoietin. The amino acid sequence of this material was determined to be identical with that of thymopoietin isolated from the thymus. Experimental evidence suggests that thymopoietin in the circulation derives from the thymus and not from the skin, suggesting that the thymopoietin in keratinocytes has a local function, either apocrine and/or immunoregulatory. PMID- 3248001 TI - [Aneurysmal cyst of the petrous bone. Apropos of a case]. AB - Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare form of osseous dystrophy. A lesion of the petrous temporal bone appears to be extremely rare. It must be differentiated from a hemangioma which is a hamartoma affecting the geniculate ganglion or the internal auditory meatus. The case described involved a 23-year-old woman. The ABC presented with violent otalgia and severe endolabyrinthic-type perception deafness. It was associated with extensive bony destruction of the petrous temporal and occipital bones. Curettage only led to considerable through temporary regression of deafness and bone reconstruction within a few months. Thrombosis of the internal jugular, confirmed at operation, is an interesting contribution in terms of the pathogenesis of ABC, apparently linked to disturbances of venous pressure. Surveillance is required since this benign condition may be recur. PMID- 3248000 TI - [Intrapetrous cholesteatoma. Apropos of 42 cases]. AB - Cholesteatomas of the temporal bone are lesions which exceed the classical limitations of cholesteatoma middle ear. Certain raise the problem on their acquired or congenital origin. All require delicate but obligatory surgical treatment using various techniques and approach of oto-neurosurgery. Forty-two cases are studied here, bringing together the series from the Grenoble University Hospital. PMID- 3248002 TI - [A hearing implant: indications, technic and results]. AB - The authors report four cases of implantation of a new device via an osseous approach involving implantation of an intra-osseous vibrator and of an external box, transmission being by magnetic induction using an external aerial, i.e. with no transcutaneous portion. The Xomed Audiant is an osseous rehabilitation system designed essentially for use in transmission deafness which cannot be corrected by conventional surgery or cannot be managed by an air conduction device, e.g. agenesis of the ear or sequelae of evacuation cavities in otorrhea. The authors report their experience of four cases of implantation, in terms of indications, selection assessment and evaluation protocol as well as functional results and prostatic adjustment, with a critical review of advantages and disadvantages in comparison with classical methods. PMID- 3248004 TI - [Role of acoustic oto-emissions in a functional auditive study]. PMID- 3248005 TI - The assignment of the human gene coding for complement C5 to chromosome 9q22 9q33. AB - The presence or absence of the human gene for the fifth component of complement (C5) was analysed in 19 human-rodent hybrid cell lines by hybridization to a radiolabelled probe derived from a human C5 cDNA clone. The segregation of C5 in these hybrids suggested that the gene is localized on chromosome 9, in the region 9q21-9qter. In situ hybridization refined the assignment of C5 to chromosome 9q22 33. PMID- 3248003 TI - [Titanium osteo-integrated fixtures. Otologic applications]. AB - The osteofixtures developed by P.I. Branemark are pure titanium screws implanted percutaneously and intraosseously in the mastoid region. The mechanical properties and biocompatibility towards bone and soft tissues of these titanium fixtures were studied after 80,000 cases of human application, essentially in the field of dentistry. The authors present their preliminary results in the otological field: firstly, the auditory prosthesis with a mean gain of 20 dB over classical prostheses via air and bone transmission and, secondly, the epiprosthesis of the external ear in cases of aplasia with scarred skin. PMID- 3248007 TI - Genetic and morphometric variances in three human populations. AB - Data from three human populations were used to investigate the putative relationship between genetic and morphological variances. There was no evidence to support the hypothesis that individuals heterozygous at a small number of marker loci are more often near the mean for anthropometric characters than are homozygotes. In one population (Otmoor), apparent support for the hypothesis was due to the confounding factors of correlations between anthropometric traits and population subdivision. It is unlikely that such relationships can be detected by intrapopulation comparisons because of the low association between measured and total heterozygosity. PMID- 3248006 TI - The major phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 gene subfamily (P450IIB) mapped to the long arm of human chromosome 19. AB - We have recently isolated a cloned cDNA that codes for a human orthologue of the major phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P450IIB subfamily of rodents. The cloned human cDNA was used to analyse, by Southern blot hybridization, DNA extracted from a panel of 9 independent human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. The results indicate that all members of the P450IIB gene subfamily of man are located on chromosome 19. Evidence from hybrids containing different regions of human chromosome 19 localizes this cytochrome P-450 gene subfamily further to the long arm of chromosome 19 in the region cen-q13.3. We propose the designation CYP2B for this locus. PMID- 3248008 TI - [Lectins in the urothelium and its tumors: staining sites, types and distribution]. PMID- 3248009 TI - [Predictive value of 6 urinary parameters in determining the presence of urinary infection]. PMID- 3248010 TI - [Current mortality trends in prostatic cancer in Spain (1951-1982)]. PMID- 3248011 TI - [Syndrome of duplicated pyeloureteral junction; a rare entity. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 3248012 TI - [Renal lithiasis: treatment by percutaneous nephrolithotomy]. PMID- 3248013 TI - [Cystine calculi of the kidney: our experience with endourologic treatment by shock waves (ESWL)]. PMID- 3248014 TI - [Urethral angioma in the male. Report of a new case]. PMID- 3248015 TI - [Acute abdomen caused by spontaneous rupture of an angiomyolipoma of the kidney]. PMID- 3248016 TI - Immunological response in the mouse brain: I. Transplantation immunity to mouse lymphoma graft. PMID- 3248017 TI - The rotational alignment of the lower limbs in recurrent dislocation of the patella. PMID- 3248018 TI - [The use of the biomedicus centrifugal pump (Bio-pump) in graft replacement of the descending thoracic aorta]. PMID- 3248019 TI - [Analysis of 106 cases of the breast cancer in Fukui Red Cross Hospital]. PMID- 3248020 TI - [Cataract and retinal detachment due to ocular compression for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a case report]. PMID- 3248021 TI - [RAST analysis of chironomid midge (Tokunagayusurika akamusi) in pediatric allergic diseases in Tokyo area]. PMID- 3248022 TI - [Study on the clinical significance of RAST in mould allergy]. PMID- 3248023 TI - [Reevaluation of skin tests on children]. PMID- 3248024 TI - [Search for anti-endothelial cell antibodies in patient with neuroimmunological disorders]. PMID- 3248025 TI - [Digoxin-like substance (DLS) in acute asthma]. PMID- 3248027 TI - [Effect of beta-adrenergic stimulants on bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine]. PMID- 3248026 TI - [The correlation of the quantity of airborne allergen and the sensitization in allergic patients]. PMID- 3248028 TI - Fundamental studies on chironomid allergy. III. Allergen analyses of some adult Japanese chironomid midges (Chironomidae, Diptera). PMID- 3248029 TI - [Plasma PGE2, TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha levels in patients with Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 3248030 TI - Characteristics of the hepatocytotoxic factor in mice with experimentally-induced massive hepatic cell necrosis. PMID- 3248031 TI - [Intrathalamic afferent connections of the median center of the thalamus]. AB - Microiontophoretic local injection of horseradish peroxidase (HP) have been performed into the median center (MC). Many thalamic nuclei are sources of projections into MC, though the role of each nucleus is not equivalent. MC is predominantly connected with nonspecific formations (reticular, parafascicular, central-lateral, paracentral, ventromedial, paraventricular). Among them the reticular nucleus is distinguished, it sends its efferent fibers from the ventral, ventrolateral and lateral areas. In the anterior part of the reticular nucleus there are no HP-labelled cells. In MC little projections from specific nuclei (ventrobasal complex, ventrolateral nucleus, geniculate body) are presented, as well as simple projections from the associative nuclei. The data obtained are in keeping with electron physiological investigations. PMID- 3248032 TI - [Localization of neurons, making projections via the postganglionic nerves of the stellate ganglion]. AB - Distribution of neurons, forming cardiac nerves of the cat stellate ganglion, has been investigated. The inferior cardiac nerve conducts inotropic influences to the heart. It is formed by the neurons localized in the caudal part of the ganglion. The caudal anastomosis conducts chronotropic influences to the heart. It is formed by the neurons localized in the inferior part of the ganglion and the ventral horn of the spinal nucleus and nucleus intercalatus. Axons of the preganglionic neurons pass through the ganglion and are not interrupted. PMID- 3248033 TI - [Ultrastructural organization of the synapses in ganglia of the hen intestinal nerve under various conditions of its activity]. AB - The interneuronal connections in ganglia of the caudal part of the hen intestinal nerve of Remak are presented as axodendritic and axosomatic synapses and symmetric axo-axonal, dendro-dendritic and axodendritic contacts, often forming complicated complexes. Under conditions of preliminary decentralization or under certain disturbances of nervous connections with the intestine, a part of synapses remains, and a part of them degenerates, this demonstrates participation of peripheral afferent neurons in formation of the synaptic apparatus of the ganglia mentioned. The axonal terminals differentiate by composition of the synaptic vesicles: some contain mainly light agranular vesicles, others--a large amount of granular ones. The characteristic peculiarities of the hen intestinal nerve ganglia, in contrast to analogous mammalian ganglia, are abundant axosomatic synapses in some neurons, and presynaptic terminals, containing a large number of granular vesicles. PMID- 3248034 TI - [Regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve after various experimental lesions (morphologic and morphometric analysis)]. AB - Dynamics of structural restoration of the peripheral nerve (n. ischiadicus) have been studied in the noninbred rats in 3 series of experiments: after local freezing, pinching and cutting with a subsequent connection of the nerve ends by means of an implanted arterial vessel. As demonstrate the methods of light and electron microscopy, myelinization of the nervous fibers in the distal part of the nerve begins between the 10th-20th days after the effect. Further, amount of the myelinated nerve fibers (NF) significantly increases, they become essentially thicker. However, even in the later time of the observation (9 months) most of NF remain thinner than in the control nerve; this demonstrates that the reparative processes take a longer time than it was supposed before. The comparative analysis makes it possible to recommend the cryogenic lesion of the nerve as the most perspective model to study processes of the reparative histogenesis. Certain positive signs of sutureless connection of the cut nerve by means of the implanted arterial vessel are noted for clinical substitution of vast diastases of the nerve. PMID- 3248035 TI - [Comparative characteristics of adrenergic innervation of the cerebrospinal arteries of vertebrates and man]. AB - Adrenergic innervation of the cerebrospinal arteries in redeye, frog, tortoise, hen, sea-gull, guinea-pig, rabbit, cat, dog and man has been studied by means of fluorescent-histochemical method. In all the animals there is a similar principle of innervation. The nervous apparatus is revealed as continuous integral plexuses. In the process of historical development the role of the nervous factor in regulation of the cerebrospinal circulation is increasing. As the innervational degree of the spinal arteries decreases, the vertebrates make the following line: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibia, fishes. In all the animals, besides the fishes, the greatest concentration of the nervous fibers is revealed in the areas of the spinal cord thickenings. PMID- 3248036 TI - [Topography of the atrioventricular node, bundle and its right crus in dogs]. AB - With the aim to study the surgical anatomy of the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) and the right crus of the atrioventricular bundle (RAVB) the investigation has been performed in 40 corpses of mongrel dogs 10-12 kg of body mass. A special attention has been paid to the relations between AVJ and structures of the right atrium. The topography of AVJ and RAVB in dogs differs greatly, concerning the depth of their position, direction of their course and their relations with the borders of Sinev--Krynsky's triangle borders. Using the data obtained, in order to find AVJ in dogs, a suggestion is made to apply the triangle with the following sides: perpendicular from the ostium of the coronary sinus to the base of the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve, the line, connecting the ostium of the coronary sinus with the commissure between the anterior and the septal cuspidis of the tricuspid valve, the basis of the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve. PMID- 3248037 TI - [Neuronal organization of the periamygdaloid cortex in the cat brain]. AB - Neuronal organization of the fields Pmm, Pml2, Pe and epm of the periamygdaloid cortex of the cat brain has been studied by means of Golgi and Nissl methods. The field Pmm essentially differs from other fields of this cortex by primitiveness of its cytoarchitectonic an neuronal organization (two layers uniform by the composition of their neurons are distinguished, the structure of the latter is relatively primitive). In the medial part of this field long axonal rarely branching short dendritic, and in the lateral part--poorly differentiating pyramidal and spindle-like cells predominate. The field Pmm can be considered as a transitional formation between the subcortex (the medial nucleus of the amygdaloid body) and other fields of the periamygdaloid cortex. The fields Pml2, Pe and epm are built more complexly: the cells are organized in 4 layers, more complexly differentiated by their form and size than in the field Pmm and correspondingly more various (long axonal densely branching cells are observed: pyramidal and spindle-like--of the cortical type and bushy--of the subcortical type, as well as long axonal rarely branching reticular cells). The short axonal cells in the fields Pml2, Pe and epm are rather variable in their form, size and direction of axons; in the field Pmm they are less numerous. The field Pmm and the complex of the fields Pml2, Pe and epm are perhaps different in their function, this is evident from different projection of their neurons. Axons of the cells in the field Pmm get into less differentiated and the most ancient medial nucleus of the amygdaloid body and into the ancient system of connections of the latter--terminal strip, and neurons of the fields Pml2, Pe and epm are projected into the basolateral part of the amygdaloid body and into the external capsule--phylogenetically younger structures. Besides, poverty of the axonal collateralies in the long axonal neurons and a small amount and uniformity of the forms of the short axonal cells in the field Pmm and contrary, rich collateralies and variety of short axonal cells in the composition of other fields demonstrate more complex internal integrative function, performing in that composition. PMID- 3248038 TI - [Ultrastructural organization of vessels of the slug (Agriolimax agrestis)]. AB - Ultrastructural analysis on organization of the slug microvessel walls (arterioles, capillaries and venules) has been performed. Transport canals of endothelial cells in the capillaries and venules have been estimated. A conclusion is made that in the evolutionary process of development the vascular endothelium becomes more specialized. PMID- 3248039 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the abdominal part of the thoracic duct]. AB - With the aim to determine local orienting points, that facilitate in searching the abdominal part of the thoracic duct, 43 corpses of mature persons have been investigated by means of a complex of anatomical techniques. The distance between the levels, where the superior mesenteric artery and renal arteries get off, can be used for preventing possible complications at certain surgical manipulations. In particular, when the distance from the beginning of the superior mesenteric artery is 37-64 mm, the thoracic duct is mainly situated behind the inferior vena cava; when this distance is 16-34 mm, the duct is situated between the inferior vena cava and the aorta, and when the distance between the superior mesenteric and renal arteries is 6-15 mm, the abdominal part of the thoracic duct should be searched for behind the inferior vena cava. PMID- 3248040 TI - [Roentgenologic investigation of collateral lymphatic pathways after ligation of the thoracic duct]. AB - In 80 Wistar rats by means of electroroentgenolymphography lymphatic pathways and thoracic duct have been studied, normal and after ligation of the latter in 1-3 days, 1 and 2-3 months. Contrasting of the thoracic duct in the control animals reveals its additional ducts, that run in parallel to the main collector and they get into it after a certain distance, as well as different time phases of filling the duct are noted. When the thoracic duct is ligated, in 1-3 days dilatation of the ductal cistern, contrasting of lymphatic vessels and nodes in other regions are observed. In 1 month of the experiment the thoracic duct cistern is poorly expressed in comparison with the early time. The contrast substance continues to get into the group of the lymph nodes in other regions. A network of anastomoses of lymphatic vessels is formed in the area of ligation. In 2-3 months, when the contrast substance continues to get retrogradely into other groups and regions of the lymph nodes, final restoration of the lymph-flow takes place at the expense of formation of collateral pathways. PMID- 3248041 TI - [Spatial-temporal organization of the deep cortex of the lymph node]. AB - In various areas of the deep cortex: central and peripheral parts, as well as T territory (adjoining the fundus of the germinative center) various cells (small and middle lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasmoblasts, immature and mature plasma cells and mitotically dividing cells) have been counted. The population density of various immunocompetent cells differs significantly in various areas of the deep cortex. Immunoblasts predominate in the center, cells of the plasmic line- in the periphery of the deep cortex and in the T-territory. Fluctuations of the population density are time-dependent. Spectral composition and parameters of rhythmicity for each cellular type and general course of the process are estimated. In the spectral composition ultradian components predominate. The circadian components are more specific for T- than for B-dependent zone. For immunoblasts in all the zones a common period of fluctuations, nearly 10 h, is revealed, and for the cells of the plasmic line 7 hours' period is common; therefore, it is possible to suppose presence of synchronizing pace-makers of the rhythm for T-lymphocytes, on the one hand, and for antibody-forming cells, on the other hand. Spectral composition of rhythmicity of the cells in the T-territory and in other part of the deep cortex has a number of similar components, that demonstrates functional unity of these zones. A higher part of the cells of the plasmic line in the T-territory and in the periphery of the deep cortex is, perhaps, connected with their migration along these areas towards medullar cords. The general process is of a complex character, rises and drops are registered at various time of the day. PMID- 3248042 TI - [Dynamics of changes in cell composition in the lymphoid tissue of somatic lymph nodes during total overheating of the body]. AB - At total overheating a manifested macrophagal reaction is observed in the rat somatic lymph nodes. Concentration of autoantigens in tissues increases, that results in transformation of small lymphocytes towards lymphoblasts and plasma cells. When manifested disorders of hemo- and lymphocirculation are present, eosinophils and mast cells, being tissue regulators of microcirculation and wall permeability of blood capillaries and lymphatic sinuses++., increase in number. PMID- 3248043 TI - [A method of decapitation and freezing of experimental animals]. PMID- 3248044 TI - [Active methods of teaching histology to students]. PMID- 3248045 TI - [Independent work in histology as a new type of education at medical institutes]. PMID- 3248046 TI - [Types of neurons in the central nervous system of the Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay)]. AB - Composition of neurons, their structure and neuromediatory specialization in the Japanese scallop ganglia have been studied by means of morphological, morphometrical and histochemical methods. Three groups of neurons, differing in their histophysiological characteristics have been defined. Large neurons are cholinergic ones. A well developed system of smooth membranes and large amount of cytosomes are specific for them. Middle size and small neurons of the I type contain a granular endoplasmic reticulum, elementary neurosecretory peptide granules and are considered as peptidergic. Small neurons of the II type possess increased nuclear-plasmic relations, moderately developed endoplasmic reticulum, positively react to biogenic amines and according to their mediatory specialization are monoaminergic. PMID- 3248047 TI - [Individual and age-related differences in the anatomy of the main deferent lymphatic vessels of the human heart and their applied significance]. AB - One hundred human hearts of various age have been investigated. Structure, size of their main deferent lymphatic vessels are defined by the organ's form, sex and age of the persons. According to the position signs, extreme forms of their topography have been revealed. In the left--the course in the adventitia of the anterior wall of the pulmonary trunk and of the ascending aorta. In the left--the course in the adventitia of the right lateral wall of the ascending aorta and of the pulmonary trunk. The number of the extraorganic vessels, that bring lymph out of the heart, is from 1 up to 3. The anastomoses made between certain parts of the lymph nodes and the extraorganic lymphatic vessels in the transplanted and removed hearts are more economic. PMID- 3248048 TI - [Biomechanics of the spiral arrangement of muscle elements in the vessels and mechanism of its regulation during hemodynamics]. AB - On the basis of a previously proposed hypothesis about a spiral orientation of muscle elements in the walls of muscular arteries, terminal arteries and arterioles, as a universal regularity, concrete mechanisms of vascular biomechanics and bioregulation at hemodynamics are analyzed. The latter come to a cyclic change of the vasodilator phase into the vasoconstrictory one and vice versa, accompanying with a change of pressures in the local areas of the vessel from the lower to the higher and vice versa along the vascular length. Movement of the pulsed wave with the muscle elements is ensured by a consecutive change of pressures in successive local areas. This is performed under the influence of the blood stream pulsed wave and ensured by a multicontour regulatory system, including terminal and central, cholinergic and adrenergic reflectory arches, interacting in accordance with the principle of double reciprocal innervation and regulation. PMID- 3248049 TI - [Tissue interactions of regenerating muscle tissue with skeletal muscle under the effect of ionizing radiation]. AB - The effect of the muscle tissue, ground into a fine chyme, to restoration of the m. gastrocnemius ability to posttraumatic regeneration after x-ray radiation in the doses 20--30 Gy, has been studied in 64 non-inbred white male rats with the body mass about 200 g. The ground muscle is a viscous mass, consisting of finest scraps of muscle fibers, pieces of sarcolemmal tubules with 2--3 nuclei and separate cells. The great destruction of the muscle stroma relieves metabolites to get out and to diffuse. As demonstrate the histological investigations carried out for 1 month, an essential part of the muscle autotransplant, put into the irradiated extremity, regenerates up to formation of differentiated muscle fibers and promotes to restore the regenerative activity in the irradiated m. gastrocnemius. PMID- 3248050 TI - [Connective tissue structures of human skeletal muscle and their significance in the biomechanics of the body]. AB - By means of light optic and electron microscopy (SAM, TAM) histoconstruction of the connective tissue structures of the human skeletal muscles have been investigated and its analysis has been performed from biomechanical point of view. Fibrillar elements of the connective tissue are demonstrated to play an important role in structural adaptation of the skeletal muscle, as the organ, performing certain mechanical functions. The data obtained makes it possible to formulate the state, that the fibrillar network of the connective tissue is a polyfunctional system, that ensures integration of the structural elements of the muscle, transmission of mechanical strains, is the carcass of the organ and participates in formation of its buffer and amortizational mechanisms. The integration mechanisms of the main functional elements of the muscle belly, tendons and fascia to a great extent are of a unification character. PMID- 3248051 TI - [Ultrastructure of intercellular contacts of smooth myocytes of the respiratory tract]. AB - By means of electron microscopy at various stages of pre- and postnatal ontogenesis in rats and mice intercellular connections of smooth myocytes, included into the bronchial wall composition, have been investigated. Interaction of the smooth myocytes is ensured with numerous and various types of specialized connections. Certain modifications of the nexus structure are described, they, perhaps, depend on the level of conformational changes of connexons--protein molecules, included into its composition and responsible for intensity of transfer of ions and metabolites. Between the smooth myocytes a contact, that was not previously described, is revealed. It is presented with a complex, formed by vesicular structures, concentrated in the area of oriented in parallel electron opaque membrane area of the interacting cells. Owing to the presence of punctate contacts, not only at early stages of development, but also in the definitive tissue, it is possible to consider them as an independent type of specialized connections, and not as immature forms of gap junctions. There are not any essential differences in the structure and distribution of the contacts during the time of the investigation. PMID- 3248052 TI - [Osteoblasts during various functional states]. AB - At the electron microscopical investigation of osteoblasts in different zones of osteogenesis (enchondral foci, metaphyses, endosteum) in the rat and rabbit femoral bone it has been revealed that their population is heteromorphic. As demonstrate cytochemical data and radioautography, using 3H-uridine, 3H-glycine, 35S-sulfate, 45Ca, results of measurements in osteoblast population, 4 morpho functional states (or types) are defined. In areas of an intensive osteoplastic process there are young osteoblasts (I type), mature functionally active osteoblasts (II type), osteoblasts with a hypertrophic endoplasmic network (cell depots of the secrete--III type). In preosteoblasts and osteoblasts of the I type a higher than in osteoblasts of other types intensity of 35S-sulfate incorporation and alkaline phosphatase activity is revealed. In osteoblasts of the II type processes of biosynthesis of collagenous proteins predominate. Osteoblasts of the III type are subjected to destruction during secretion process. In the areas where osteopoesis is dying away, osteoblasts of the I and II types transform into a poorly active state, concerning specific biosynthesis (osteoblasts of the IV type). Presence of osteoblasts having various functional states in the areas of intensive osteopoiesis, depends on certain asynchronity of specific processes of biosyntheses, that occur in them. The morpho-functional states described are regarded as a specific peculiarity in function of collagene producing cells. PMID- 3248053 TI - [Development of male germ cells in the fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)]. AB - Three types of spermatogonia have been distinguished in the fur seal: type A, intermediate, type B. The type A spermatogonia are presented by means of five varieties: stem A, A1, A2, A3, A4. The spermatogonia of the stem A type is characterized with presence of equally distributed chromatin in the nucleus. The spermatogonia of the A1-A4 types are characterized with a gradual condensation of chromatin. The intermediate spermatogonia possesses a light nucleus, chromatin as small and large granules is situated near the nuclear membrane. The spermatogonia of B1-B3 types have a round nucleus, their chromatin is granular. Spermatocytes both at the leptotene stage and at the zygotene stage are presented by means of three cellular forms. At the pachytene stage four cellular forms are distinguished. Basing on formation of the acrosomic apparatus, 18 stages of spermatids development are distinguished. PMID- 3248054 TI - [Localization of histamine in uterine structures]. AB - By means of luminescent-histochemical method of Cross, Even, Rost histamine is revealed in all uterine structures. Visual and fluorometric data demonstrate uneven distribution of histamine in the organ's structures. A high content of histamine is specific for macrophages and mast cells, less high--in tegmental epithelium and endometrial glands. A low level of histamine have endometrial stroma, smooth myocytes, cells of the serous membrane and vessels. Basing on the literature data, concerning various sensitivity of the uterine tissues to estrogens and regarding effect of the estrogens upon histamine metabolism in the uterine and regarding interconnection of the histamine receptors in the uterus and the estrogens, a suggestion is made that various contents of histamine in the uterine structures depend on various amount of the histamine receptors in them and on different abilities of the uterine tissues to inactivate histamine. The ability of macrophages to accept free forms of bioamines, as it is described in the literature, evidently can be spread to the uterine macrophages, where a high content of histamine is revealed. PMID- 3248055 TI - [Trophoblast in villi of the early human chorion according to the data of optico structural analysis and electron microscopy]. AB - Presence of nuclei with tetraploid content of DNA in syncytiotrophoblast of the early chorion has been demonstrated. Before 8 weeks of pregnancy their content makes 31% and then it drops up to 26%. At this age certain severe changes are revealed in texture characteristics of the nucleus--asymmetry and kurtosis of chromatin distribution. Possible pathways of ultrastructural rearrangements in epithelium of the early chorion are discussed. PMID- 3248056 TI - [Evaluation of the left ventricular chamber of patients with chronic Chagas cardiopathy using cineventriculography. II. Segmentary movement between end diastole and end systole]. PMID- 3248057 TI - [The discriminating value of apoprotein B in coronary artery disease]. PMID- 3248058 TI - Management of non-cardiac operative procedures in patients with mechanical heart valves on chronic anticoagulation therapy. PMID- 3248059 TI - [Echocardiographic analysis of ventricular septum motion in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3248060 TI - [Aortic coarctation. Clinical, hemodynamic aspects and surgical results]. PMID- 3248062 TI - [Chylopericardium and lymphatic pneumopathy due to mediastino-pulmonary congenital lymphangiectasis. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3248061 TI - [The clinical picture of endomyocardial fibrosis. Correlation with the intensity of fibrosis]. PMID- 3248063 TI - [Endomyocardial fibrosis in a 2-year-old child. A case report]. PMID- 3248065 TI - [Atrial flutter with exit block of 2d degree Grau: an indication of ectopic automatism]. PMID- 3248064 TI - [A new model of annuloplasty ring for patients with mitral valve insufficiency. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3248066 TI - [Endomyocardial fibrosis: 100 cases, 10 years' experience]. PMID- 3248067 TI - [Preventive cardiology in Brazil. Perspectives on the decrease of cardiovascular mortality]. PMID- 3248068 TI - [The echocardiogram in the prognostic evaluation of cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 3248069 TI - Conduction of thermal stimuli in the human temporal bone. AB - Temperature changes at different locations in the labyrinth were measured in human temporal bone preparations after syringing with water. In order to simulate physiological conditions, the preparations were placed in a water bath at 37 degrees C. The maximum temperature changes in the horizontal semicircular canal after syringing with temperatures symmetrical to body temperature (44 degrees or 30 degrees C) were found to be clearly asymmetrical (with mean values of 0.6 and 0.3K). From measurements in the external auditory meatus, findings showed that the reference temperature was 34 degrees C in front of the tympanic membrane, which explains the asymmetry recorded. Measurements at different locations showed that the temperature first changes in the regions of the ampullae of the horizontal and the superior semicircular canals. In the vestibule the onset and decay of the temperature change is delayed. The time courses of the temperature difference between locations demonstrate that the temperature difference across the horizontal semicircular canal, which would be responsible for any convective effect in the endolymph, is of shorter duration than the absolute temperature change, which would be responsible for any temperature-mediated volume changes. PMID- 3248070 TI - Venous communications of the cochlea after acute occlusion of the vein of the cochlear aqueduct. AB - The vein of the cochlear aqueduct (VCAQ) is the principal drainage vein of the cochlea in the guinea pig. Morphological observations of the VCAQ and its adjacent structures were made by studying serial sections of the cochlea. We detected the presence of two collateral vessels from the mucoperiosteal veins of the middle ear which communicated with the VCAQ. Following acute occlusion of the VCAQ, marked dilatations of these vessels were observed in corrosion cast preparations. Our findings suggest that these vessels act as collateral veins following acute venous congestion of the inner ear. PMID- 3248071 TI - Acinic cell carcinoma originating in the nasal cavity. AB - The nasal cavity is a rare site for an acinic cell carcinoma. We have treated one such tumor in a 68-year-old man. He underwent a Denker's operation under general anesthesia and then received postoperative irradiation at 50 Gy. He has been kept asymptomatic for the past 2 years. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the third report on the acinic cell tumor in the nasal cavity. A brief literature review is also presented. PMID- 3248072 TI - Infectious mononucleosis in the nasopharynx with a histological picture of malignant lymphoma. AB - The present report describes the case history of an 8-year-old girl with a suspected malignant lymphoma of the nasopharynx that was subsequently proven to be due to infectious mononucleosis. The literature is reviewed. PMID- 3248074 TI - Incontinence of urine. PMID- 3248073 TI - TMJ disorders. PMID- 3248075 TI - The estimation and modification of risk in general practice. Part one. PMID- 3248076 TI - Treatment of plantar warts. PMID- 3248077 TI - Antioxidants. Micronutrients versus free radicals. PMID- 3248078 TI - Women in medicine. Vocational initiatives. PMID- 3248079 TI - Sentinel practices in Queensland. The first 12 months. PMID- 3248080 TI - Guidelines revisited. PMID- 3248081 TI - The RACR survey of intravenous contrast media reactions. Final report. PMID- 3248082 TI - The intravenous pyelogram in renal colic. PMID- 3248083 TI - Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a young Chinese patient. PMID- 3248084 TI - Tumoral calcinosis in children (report of 13 cases). PMID- 3248085 TI - CT of anterior intervertebral disc herniation. PMID- 3248086 TI - Osteoblastic metastases from osteosarcoma (a case report). PMID- 3248088 TI - Routine pre-operative cholangiography--a retrospective study. PMID- 3248087 TI - The use of computed tomography in diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. PMID- 3248089 TI - Typhlitis: neutropaenic colitis. PMID- 3248090 TI - Pneumatosis coli producing colo-colic intussusception: a case report. PMID- 3248091 TI - Solitary esophageal varix simulating a neoplasm. PMID- 3248092 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging and intracranial aneurysm clips. PMID- 3248093 TI - Extrathoracic metastatic thymoma. A case report. PMID- 3248094 TI - Medulloepithelioma: MRI appearances. PMID- 3248095 TI - Radionuclide assessment of patency of pericardio-peritoneal shunt. PMID- 3248096 TI - Vth International Symposium on Eicosanoids in the Cardiovascular System. May 16 19, 1988, Halle (Saale), GDR. Proceedings. PMID- 3248097 TI - Methylene blue inhibits the arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets. AB - When human blood platelets are incubated with methylene blue (MB) that oxidizes cellular NADPH, a marked inhibition of platelet aggregation and of the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathway is found. The inhibition of aggregation and AA metabolism is prevented, at least partially, by the thiol-oxidizing agent diamide. The results indicate an involvement of the reduced coenzymes NADPH and glutathione (GSH) in the regulation of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activity in platelets. PMID- 3248098 TI - Relaxation by prostacyclin (PGI2) of human, dog and rabbit femoral artery strips. Interspecies difference. AB - Helically cut femoral artery strips from humans (bypass surgery), dogs and rabbit were set up for isometric recording. The endothelial layer was removed by rubbing, hence the vascular strips used in this study are considered to be arterial smooth muscle preparations without endothelium. The indomethacin-, prostaglandin F2 alpha- and PGI2-induced changes in tone were determined. Indomethacin (3/mumol/l) potentiated the contractile responses of human and canine vessels to PGF2 alpha by 60.0 +/- 10.4 and 108 +/- 12%, respectively. By contrast, the PGF2 alpha-induced contractions of rabbit arteries were not enhanced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor. PGI2 diminished the tone of the PGF2 alpha-contracted vessels obtained from all the three species in a concentration related manner. The potency of the relaxant prostanoid differed, however, markedly (p less than 0.02) from species to species. The IC50 values (molar concentrations of PGI2 producing 50 percent reduction in the PGF2 alpha-induced tone) were 20.8 +/- 1.9, 133 +/- 24 and 286 +/- 52 nmol/l for human, dog and rabbit arteries, respectively. The results clearly demonstrate a significant interspecies difference in the prostacyclin-sensitivity of the blood vessels studied. The differential responsiveness to indomethacin may reflect species difference in the regulatory function of PGI2 in arterial smooth muscle tone. PMID- 3248099 TI - Actions of PGE2 and indomethacin on adrenergic neuroeffector transmission in the rabbit coeliac artery. AB - In the present study we have investigated the pre- and post-synaptic actions of PGE2 and indomethacin on the adrenergic transmission in isolated coeliac arteries of rabbits. The artery segment was preloaded with (3H)NA and suspended in an organ bath (37 degrees C, 5% CO2 - 95% O2, isometric recording). The preparation was superfused with Krebs-solution containing the uptake blockers cocaine and corticosterone. To release neurotransmitter, the artery was stimulated by electrical square-wave pulses (0.5 ms, 5 Hz, 60 s) using platinum wire electrodes. The perfusate was collected in 3 or 6 min samples. The outflow of labelled neurotransmitter was expressed in pmol/3 min. Inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin-biosynthesis by indomethacin (3/mumol/l) potentiated the contractile responses to nerve stimulation (57 +/- 15%, n = 4), but did not influence the release of NA (the release ratio was 1.02 +/- 0.03, n = 4). The endogenous prostaglandins may modulate vascular neuroeffector transmission postjunctionally, because cyclooxygenase inhibition did not cause any change in transmitter release. The effects of exogenous PGE2 on adrenergic transmission and contraction were also studied. In this case, indomethacin was present to minimize the potential complicating actions of endogenous prostanoids. At low concentrations (1, 3 and 10 nmol/l) PGE2 dose-dependently inhibited vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation (IC50 = 4.7 +/- 1.5 nmol/l, n = 4), but was ineffective in influencing transmitter release (the stimulation evoked release ratios were 0.95 +/- 0.05, 1.00 +/- 0.00 and 0.93 +/- 0.11, n = 4, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248100 TI - An enzyme-linked immunoassay for thromboxane B2 and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha using peroxidase as label. AB - A sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay was developed for TXB2 and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, stable degradation products of TXA2 and prostacyclin. The hapten molecule was labeled with pure peroxidase. After competitive binding to antibody between enzyme-labeled and free prostanoids the immunoreactive complex was precipitated by double antibody technique. The enzyme activity of the precipitate was determined spectrophotometrically. The procedure allowed a determination of TXB2 and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha in the range of 3-200 pg (0.008-0.53 pmol) and 10-1000 pg (0.028-2.8 pmol) respectively. PMID- 3248101 TI - Influence of the antianginal drug trapidil and its derivative AR 12463 on arachidonic acid liberation and thromboxane formation in thrombin-stimulated platelets. AB - The 5,7-disubstituted s-triazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidines (TPs) trapidil and AR 12463 inhibited the thrombin-induced Thromboxane (TX) formation in washed human platelets in a concentration-dependent manner (Ic50:trapidil 410 mumol/l and AR 12463 9 mumol/l). The arachidonic acid (AA) liberation measured in parallel was unchanged or only reduced to a small extent. The present study shows that the inhibition of TX formation by trapidil and AR 12463 is independent of AA liberation of platelets. PMID- 3248102 TI - Effects of trapidil and trapidil derivatives on arachidonic acid and prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue U 46619-induced blood pressure changes in rats. AB - The influence of trapidil (T) and two selected 5,7-disubstituted s-triazolo (1,5 a)pyrimidine derivatives (TD: AR 12456 and AR 12463) on arachidonic acid(AA)- and prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue U 46619-induced blood pressure changes in normotensive rats was investigated in comparison with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) antagonist BM 13177. ASA and AR 12456 completely eliminated the second blood pressure depression after injection of AA and simultaneously diminished TXA2, TXB2 and 6 keto-PGF1a formation in murine blood, whereas BM 13177 prevented the return of the blood pressure to preinjection level after the initial brief fall in arterial pressure. BM 13177 and AR 12463 reduced the rise in U 46619-provoked blood pressure by 75% and 58%, respectively. Trapidil had no effect on blood pressure changes stimulated by AA and U 46619. PMID- 3248103 TI - Effect of specific antagonists on PAF-induced platelet aggregation and release of plasminogen activator. AB - We investigated the inhibitory effects of two synthetic phospholipids KO-286,001 and KO-286,006 on the platelet-activating factor (PAF) induced release of plasminogen activator (PA) in the isolated pig ear preparation as well as aggregation of pig platelets. The action was compared with that of the natural PAF antagonist BN 52021. The activator release induced by 5 x 10(-9) mol/l PAF was inhibited by 10(-6) mol/l KO-286,006, whereas BN 52021 and KO-286,001 had no effect. All three PAF antagonists tested inhibited the aggregation in a dose dependent manner. Comparison of the IC50 values confirmed the considerably lower inhibitory action of BN 52021 and KO-286,001. Our results suggested that similar receptor sites are involved in both PAF activities tested and furthermore, that are species differences in the inhibition of PAF effects. PMID- 3248105 TI - Protection of the ischaemic myocardium from reperfusion injury by defibrotide and its possible mechanism of action. AB - The following study was designed to investigate the therapeutic value of defibrotide (32 mg/kg bolus + 32 mg/kg x h i.v.) in a cat model of acute myocardial ischaemia (MI) and reperfusion and to elucidate its possible mechanism(s) of action. Infusion of defibrotide (DEF), starting 30 min after the onset of ischaemia, had no effect on any of the hemodynamic parameters measured. In comparison with vehicle-treated animals, DEF largely attenuated the MI associated ST-segment elevation and completely prevented the development of a pathological Pardee-Q-wave upon reperfusion. Furthermore, DEF largely antagonized the loss of creatine phosphokinase from the ischaemic reperfused myocardium. DEF significantly reduced the MI-induced thrombocytopenia and inhibited the collagen induced platelet ATP-secretion ex vivo. Interestingly, DEF-treatment did not modify the MI-induced leucocytosis or the release of reactive oxygen radicals from activated neutrophils. These findings indicate that stimulation of endogenous prostacyclin formation by DEF reduces myocardial reperfusion injury independently of any direct effects of the compound on neutrophil activation. PMID- 3248104 TI - Influence of prostaglandins and PG-analogues on the mortality of PAF-acether in mice and the TXB2 release from human granulocytes. AB - The PAF-acether mortality in female mice varied with strains: AB mice were very resistant, NMRI mice showed dose-dependent effects. We used an i.v. injection of 75 micrograms/kg PAF-acether resulting in a 75% mortality in NMRI mice. Nileprost and PGE1 in one tenth of the doses of iloprost or PGI2 were able to reduce the PAF-acether mortality. Nalador, PGE2 and flunoprost were ineffective. 10 min after PAF application the TXB2 content in tail skin was increased significantly. The inhibitory effect on the TXB2 release induced by A 23187 from human granulocytes was stronger by nileprost than by iloprost. Nalador was ineffective, flunoprost enhanced the release. The lowered TXB2 formation is a possible explanation for the prevention of the PAF-acether induced death by PGs. PMID- 3248106 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of new leukotriene antagonists (racemates and enantiomerically pure compounds). AB - Two series of structural analogues of leukotrienes C4, D4 and E4 (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4) were prepared. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to antagonize leukotriene-induced contractions of guinea pig lung strips. In comparison to FPL 55712, compounds 1a and 2h were more potent antagonists against LTC4 (2- and 3fold, respectively) and LTD4 (6- and 60fold respectively). Moreover, in vivo compounds 1a and 2h exhibited antagonism against leukotrienes (C4, D4, E4) and PAF, the most potent mediators in bronchial asthma. 2h also showed antagonistic activity when tested by inhalation. PMID- 3248107 TI - The arrhythmogenic effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) is inhibited by PAF antagonist and by substances influencing eicosanoids. AB - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) induced arrhythmogenic effects in ouabain induced arrhythmias and in untreated guinea pigs. The ischemic induced arrhythmias are aggravated by PAF in open-chest dogs. TX receptor antagonizing substances such as BM 13177 and specific PAF antagonists for example BN 52021 and WEB 2086, completely inhibited the PAF induced cardiac arrhythmias. An inhibitor of lipoxygenase such as esculetin inhibited the PAF effect to a small extent, too. Non-specific PAF antagonists such as diltiazem, diazepam, buphenin and trapidil have no or only a slight influence on PAF induced arrhythmias, although the antiarrhythmic effect of diltiazem and trapidil was shown on ouabain induced arrhythmias without PAF. The present study supports the hypothesis that PAF aggravates cardiac arrhythmias under pathophysiological conditions in which PAF is involved. Specific PAF antagonists and TX receptor antagonists induce antiarrhythmic effects under these conditions. PMID- 3248108 TI - The effects of PAF antagonists on ischaemia and reperfusion arrhythmias and ischaemia-induced platelet aggregation. AB - These studies were performed to investigate a role of PAF in the genesis of life threatening arrhythmias and platelet aggregation accompanying myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. Pretreatment with the PAF antagonists SRI 63-441 (10 mgkg-1 iv) and BN 52021 (5 mgkg-1 iv) significantly reduced the number of arrhythmias during a thirty minute coronary artery occlusion period in open-chest anaesthetised greyhounds, particularly ventricular tachycardia. Both drugs also reduce the incidence of ventricular fibrillation resulting from reperfusion of the myocardium. Myocardial ischaemia in control animals resulted in a marked fall in platelet count in blood draining the ischaemic area, which was abolished by both SRI 63-441 and BN 52021. These results suggest a role for PAF in the genesis of ischaemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, possibly by inducing platelet aggregation. PMID- 3248109 TI - Release of cysteinyl-leukotrienes is of minor importance in PAF induced reduction of perfusion rate in the gastric vascular bed. AB - In the isolated rat gastric vascular bed, PAF dosedependently decreased the perfusion rate and increased the formation of cysteinyl-leukotrienes, TXB2 and 6 keto F1 alpha (measured by radioimmunoassay). Inhibition of cysteinyl leukotrienes biosynthesis by NDGA or antagonism of cysteinyl-leukotrienes receptors by FPL 55712 did not prevent the PAF induced reduction of gastric flow. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by indomethacin aggravated the PFA-induced reduction of flow, however in the later period of experiment. BN 552021 - the PAF receptor antagonist, completely prevented the release of cysteinyl-leukotrienes, TXB2 and 6-keto F1 alpha into perfusate, however was not able to prevent completely the PAF induced reduction of gastric flow. We conclude that the reduction of flow observed after PAF administration seems to be related rather to the vasocongestion induced by PAF itself. PMID- 3248110 TI - Structure-activity relationships of synthetic analogues of platelet-activating factor. PMID- 3248111 TI - Effects of an extract of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) on arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets. AB - It has been suggested that feverfew extracts (FE) inhibit platelet behaviour via effects on platelet sulphydryl (SH) groups. In the present study we found evidence that FE inhibits uptake as well as liberation of arachidonic acid (AA) into/from platelet membrane phospholipids (PL). PMID- 3248112 TI - The effect of naftidrofuryl on PGF2 alpha, U 46.619, 5-HT and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) induced vasoconstriction. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effects of Naftidrofuryl on platelet function and vessel tone and additionally platelet vessel wall interactions. It is shown that Naftidrofuryl displays a spasmolytic activity against a variety of different vasoconstrictors, including 5-HT, PGF2 alpha, U 46.619 and KC1 and inhibits platelet secretion. These effects are observed at concentrations of the compound equal to or higher than 1 mumol/l and might contribute to the clinical efficacy of the drug. PMID- 3248113 TI - Relationship between fatty acid pattern and platelet aggregation in long-term insulin-dependent type I diabetics. AB - We investigated triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, the fatty acid patterns of serum triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phospholipids in relation to the ADP induced platelet aggregation in 34 long-term insulin-dependent diabetic patients with an extremely long diabetes duration of about 40 years. The concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol of the patients did not differ from those of an age-matched non-diabetic control group. In the insulin-dependent diabetics the percentages of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid in both serum cholesterol esters and phospholipids were decreased in comparison with control subjects. No difference was observed with respect to the ADP induced platelet aggregation between long-term diabetics and controls. The findings demonstrate that type I diabetic patients with an extremely long duration of diabetes are not characterized by increased serum lipids or platelet aggregation, both being well known risk factors for macroangiopathy. However the decreased portions in eicosanoid synthesis precursors may indicate a disturbed fatty acid metabolism. PMID- 3248114 TI - Correlations between endogenous prostaglandin E formation in the bone and spongiosa density. AB - The formation of prostaglandin (PG) E in the femoral head and the lumbar vertebral body of rats under ex vivo conditions after a linoleic acid (LA) rich diet (13.3 J%) has been compared to that of rats after an LA poor diet (0.5 J%). LA rich diet increased the formation of PGE in the lumbar vertebral body. In the femoral head were a similar, but statistically insignificant effect. The spongiosa density in the femoral head and the lumbar vertebral body increased after LA rich diet in contrast to LA poor fed rats. We conclude that the spongiosa density could be modulated by the LA content of the diet possible via alterations of endogenous PG biosynthesis. PMID- 3248115 TI - Plasma catecholamines and production of thromboxane B2 by platelets after psychological and physical tests in normotensive and mild hypertensive subjects. AB - In our previous studies strenuous exercise, adrenaline infusion and surgical stress have been shown to evoke increased plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) concentrations and production by platelets. Here we report the effects of acute psychological and physical tests, during 24 h direct monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate, on plasma catecholamine levels and TxB2 production by platelets in normotensive, borderline and mild hypertensive subjects. After psychological tests plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline values in the whole material were slightly elevated as compared to the basal levels measured 24 h after the attachment of the cannula. TxB2 production remained unaltered. After physical tests both plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline were clearly increased as was also the TxB2 production by platelets. When the subjects were divided into normotensive and hypertensive ones, unexpectedly, basal plasma values of catecholamines were higher in normotensive volunteers but TxB2 production was more marked in hypertensive subjects. PMID- 3248116 TI - Platelet arachidonic acid metabolism in patients with cardiovascular disorders. AB - There is increasing evidence that prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxane (Tx) play a major role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. The regulation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism through cyclooxygenase (COx) pathway and the AA dependent Ca2+ influx were investigated in platelets from 10 patients with unstable angina and 10 controls. The activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS), a sensitive index of the flux through the PGG2 to PGH2 step of the COx pathway, in response to AA was significantly enhanced in platelets from patients. AA-induced malonyldialdehyde (MDA) production as well as AA-evoked Ca2+ flux and glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity resulted significantly increased. Moreover, platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (PGI2), measured as inhibition of Ca2+ flux, was highly decreased. Thus far, evidence is presented for intrinsic platelet hyperactivity (at the PG-peroxidase reaction of the COx pathway) in patients with unstable angina: the resulting increase in PGH2 and TxA2 synthesis, alone or in combination with decreased PGI2 sensitivity, may account for a facilitated thrombus formation. PMID- 3248117 TI - Individually controlled acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA) in the long-term treatment of patients with arteriosclerosis. AB - A simple method to measure the biological effect of ASA based on the determination of the desaggregation rate (DR) of platelet aggregation induced by ADP is described. DR correlates with the inhibition of the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) by platelets (r = 0.66, P less than 0.001). Therefore, the DR was used for laboratory monitoring of the ASA effect. Here we report on a study including 41 patients with peripheral arterial disease and/or coronary heart disease before treatment and after receiving ASA in an individually controlled dosage regimen. Before treatment we found an increased level of MDA, 150-200% compared with healthy volunteers (n = 16). Extremely different doses of ASA were required to normalize initially elevated MDA-levels in patients. This normalization of MDA was found to correspond to a DR of at least 50% (in comparison to 0-13% without treatment). When judging the ASA-dose individually from the 50%-DR we demonstrated that there were no differences of the levels of cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids between healthy volunteers (n = 16) and arteriosclerotic patients receiving 100-250 mg ASA/d (n = 18), 500 mg ASA/d (n = 17), or 750-1500 mg ASA/d (n = 6). PMID- 3248118 TI - Endothelium-dependent relaxant effect of thrombin on isolated pig coronary arteries. AB - In pig coronary arteries with intact endothelium the clotting enzyme thrombin at physiologically relevant concentrations caused a reversible transient and concentration-dependent relaxation of PGF2 alpha-precontracted vessels which was absent in case of mechanically removed endothelium. The thrombin-induced relaxation was not affected by indomethacin. Exposure of the coronary arteries to a calcium-free medium or preincubation with verapamil led to the reduction of the PGF2 alpha-induced contraction while the relaxant effect of thrombin was only slightly inhibited. However, the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue diminished the relaxant response to thrombin. The specific tight-binding thrombin inhibitor hirudin prevented the relaxant effect of thrombin in a concentration dependent manner. PMID- 3248119 TI - Dietary fish oil reduces intimal proliferation of the coronary artery caused by implantation of a constrictor in pigs. AB - Piglets received a basal diet to which either lard fat (L) or a mixture of lard fat and mackerel oil (ML) was added. After 2 months a constrictor was placed around the left descending coronary artery (LADCA) and the dietary regimen continued for 2 more months. During the dietary period plasma thromboxane B2 levels, thromboxane B2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio, platelet membrane 20:4 n-6 content and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were all lower in ML than in L. Morphological examination at the site of the LADCA stenosis showed a higher encroachment due to intimal proliferation in L. It is postulated that alterations in eicosanoid synthesis indirectly affected the rate of intimal proliferation. PMID- 3248120 TI - Influence of acetylsalicylic acid and BM 13177 on blood pressure and efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and of the TXA2 receptor antagonist BM 13177 on blood pressure and on the efficiency of antihypertensive drugs were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). ASA and BM 13177 applicated once caused a significant, but short-lasting decrease in blood pressure in SHR. In contrast, repeated application of ASA (3 x 100 mg/kg) caused a slight, but significant increase in blood pressure. Pretreatment with BM 13177 (60 mg/kg i.v.) did not influence the antihypertensive effect of the drugs clonidine, propranolol and dihydralazine. Pretreatment of SHR with ASA intensified significantly the effect of these drugs on blood pressure, independent of their mode of action, and on heart rate (dihydralazine). The formation of TXB2 in the aorta thoracica in ASA pretreated SHR 20 min after drug application, was more strongly inhibited than was the formation of PGI2. Therefore the TXA2/PGI2 balance shifted in favor of the latter. However, in normotensive rats, ASA was without any effect on blood pressure and on the antihypertensive efficacy of the drugs. In conclusion it could be suggested that prostanoids are involved in the short term as well as in the long term regulation of the blood pressure and in the blood pressure lowering activity of drugs at least in a hypertensive state. PMID- 3248121 TI - Differences in the binding of substrates to cytochromes P-450b and P-450e from rat liver microsomes. AB - Two phenobarbital-induced isoenzymes of the rat cytochrome P-450 have been isolated using a modification of a method described earlier. Titration of cytochromes P-450 with different compounds (followed by changes in the second derivative spectrum in the near ultraviolet region) reveals that tyrosyl residues are affected. These residues behave differently in the isoenzymes P-450b and P 450e. In the former, after addition of a substrate the tyrosyl residues become hidden in the nonpolar parts of the protein; however, then become accessible with increasing substrate concentration. In the latter, the exposure to a polar medium decreases with increasing substrate concentration. PMID- 3248122 TI - Methylglucamine orotate does not affect dopamine-stimulated fucosylation of rat hippocampal proteins. AB - The present paper is concerned with the question whether dopamine-stimulated fucosylation of glycoproteins of the rat hippocampus in vitro is augmented by treating animals with methylglucamine orotate (MGO). Dopamine (DA) in concentrations between 0.1-0.5 mM resulted in a dose-dependent increase in L fucose incorporation of up to about 130%. Neither the acute intraperitoneal application of 225 mg MGO/kg body mass nor the daily treatment of rats with 225 mg MGO/kg body mass over a 10-day period changed this dose-dependent relationship significantly. Even the in vitro substitution of nucleotides (1 mM) such as uridine 5'-monophosphate, cytidine 5'-monophosphate, guanosine 5'-monophosphate, and adenosine 5'-monophosphate did not alter dopamine-stimulated fucosylation of rat hippocampal proteins. These findings suggest that DA-stimulated fucosylation of brain proteins is not limited by the supply of nucleotides. PMID- 3248123 TI - Prostaglandins and altered diabetic vasoregulation. AB - In previous studies an enhanced tendency to vasconstriction could be demonstrated in special regions, first of all in the coronary arterial bed of the diabetic vasculature. Analysing the role of prostaglandins in this phenomenon, the present work demonstrates that in vivo the dose-dependent decrease in the conductivity of the coronary arterial bed induced by PGF2 alpha (3, 6, 12, 24, 48 nmol/kg) administration in alloxan- (560 mumol/kg) diabetic dogs (n = 6) proved to be more expressed after indomethacin (10 mumol/kg) treatment compared with metabolically healthy (n = 6) animals. In the presence of indomethacin (3 mumol/l) PGF2 alpha (1, 3, 10, 30 mumol/l) evoked also considerably higher vasoconstriction in the isolated coronary rings of the diabetic dogs in comparison to the metabolically healthy state. The data are referring to the contribution of an altered prostaglandin biosynthesis in the diabetic coronaries to their increased tendency to vasoconstriction induced by PGF2 alpha. PMID- 3248125 TI - Circulatory activity of dopamine-dipeptide compounds. AB - Three newly synthesized dopamine-dipeptide compounds (Gly-Pro-dopamide, Lys-Pro dopamide, Z-Lys-Pro-dopamide) which should be cleft in vivo by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) were investigated as to their protective activity against hemorrhagic shock in rats. All three compounds increased significantly the survival times of animals, subjected to hemorrhage, in nearly the same manner as dopamine did. They also relaxed the blood vessels of isolated perfused rat kidneys pretreated with phenoxybenzamine. This activity demonstrates a vasodilation via dopaminergic receptors. Regarding the blood pressure increasing activity, mediated by excitation of alpha-receptors, Gly-Pro-dopamide was less potent than dopamine but affected blood pressure about four times longer than dopamine did. Lys-Pro-dopamide and Z-Lys-Pro-dopamide were nearly equieffective to dopamine. PMID- 3248124 TI - Metabolism of D-proline beta-casomorphin derivatives in the rat brain. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic breakdown of two biologically active derivatives of beta-casomorphin (beta CM)-i.e. D-proline4 beta CM (D-Pro4-beta CM) and des-tyrosine 1-D-proline4-beta CM (DT-D-Pro4-beta CM)- in the rat brain. After intracerebroventricular (icv.) administration of 0.78 nmoles of both [3H]D-Pro4-beta CM and [3H]DT-D-Pro4-beta CM, the concentration of the intact peptides and their metabolites was estimated in brain stem and corpus striatum. Both peptides were degraded in brain tissue forming a common metabolite. Phe-D-Pro-Gly. The metabolic half-lives of DT-D-Pro4-beta CM in brain stem and c. striatum were 22.6 min and 28.6 min, whereas those of D-Pro4 beta CM were 7.8 min and 8.2 min, respectively. According to both half-lives of the intact peptide and the kinetics of the formation of the stable metabolite Phe D-Pro-Gly. DT-D-Pro4-beta CM seemed to be more resistant to biological degradation in brain tissue than D-Pro4-beta CM. In the case of D-Pro4-beta CM, the dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DP IV) (EC 3.4.14.-) is presumed to be the cardinal enzyme for the breakdown. Since the degradation of these peptides in brain tissue results in the unique metabolite Phe-D-Pro-Gly, the differences in the pattern of biological activities between D-Pro4-beta CM and DT-D-Pro4-beta CM may be due to the action of the corresponding intact peptide. PMID- 3248126 TI - Effects of sodium deoxycholate on the mechanical and electrical activities and ultrastructure of guinea pig atria. AB - The mechanism of cardio-inhibitory effects of sodium deoxycholate (DOC) was investigated by studying its effects on the contractility, action potentials (APs) and ultrastructure of guinea pig atrial preparations. DOC (10(-7)-10(-4) M) caused reversible negative ino- (NIE) and chrono-tropy in spontaneously beating (SBA) and NIE in electrically driven left (EDA) atria. At higher doses (greater than or equal to 1.10(-3) M) DOC caused irreversible inhibition of contractions. Atropine (10(-7)-10(-4) M) failed to inhibit both the reversible and irreversible effects of DOC. The NIE due to lower doses of DOC (less than or equal to 1.10(-4) M) was inhibited by higher [Ca2+]0, isoprenaline (10(-6)-10(-4) M), and noradrenaline (10(-6)-10(-5) M), which did not alter the dose of DOC required for the irreversible and complete NIE. In lower doses (10(-7)-10(-4) M) DOC caused a reversible inhibition of the AP durations at -20 and -40 mV (APD20 and APD40, respectively), but increased the AP duration at 90% repolarisation (APD90). At higher doses (greater than 5.10(-4) M) it caused an irreversible membrane depolarization, reduction in APD20 and APD40, and complete cessation of electrical activity. The ultrastructural changes in atria treated with 1.10(-4) M DOC were characterized by poorly delineated glycocalyx and at greater than 1.10( 3) M by disruption of sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum and swelling disruption of mitochondria. Taken together these observations show that DOC caused reversible and irreversible inhibition of atrial contractions at low (10( 7)-10(-4) M) and high (greater than 5.10(-4) M) concentrations, respectively, by different mechanisms. The former effect is due to inhibition of Ca2+ channel activity and the latter due to its detergent property causing removal of subcellular components. PMID- 3248127 TI - Left ventricular contractility varies directly with blood ionized calcium. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of variations in blood ionized calcium (Ca2+) on myocardial contractility independent of changes in loading conditions and other biochemical variables. DESIGN: Hemodialysis done in a randomized, double-blind manner with dialysates differing in calcium concentration only. Left ventricular contractility was assessed using the load- and heart rate-independent relationship between end-systolic wall stress (sigma es) and rate-corrected velocity of fiber shortening (Vcfc). SETTING: In-hospital dialysis unit and echocardiography laboratory of a university medical center. PATIENTS: Seven patients with stable, chronic renal failure maintained on regular hemodialysis. INTERVENTIONS: Each patient was hemodialyzed three times within 1 week with dialysates differing in calcium concentration only. Ultrafiltration was adjusted to achieve the same postdialysis weight. Immediately after dialysis, two dimensionally targeted M-mode echocardiographic and calibrated carotid pulse tracings were recorded over a wide range of left ventricular end-systolic wall stress values (a measure of left ventricular afterload) generated by either methoxamine or nitroprusside. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: After dialysis, three statistically distinct levels of Ca2+ were achieved. When Ca2+ was 1.34 +/- 0.03 mmol/L, Vcfc, calculated at a common level of afterload (sigma es = 50 g/cm2), was 1.01 +/- 0.05 cir/sec; at low Ca2+ (1.02 +/- 0.02 mmol/L), Vcfc fell to 0.89 +/- 0.04 cir/sec (P less than 0.001 compared with medium); at high Ca2+ (1.68 +/- 0.07 mmol/L) Vcfc rose to 1.10 +/- 0.03 circ/sec (P less than 0.001 compared with medium and low). CONCLUSION: Variations in Ca2+ are directly correlated with clinically significant changes in myocardial contractility. PMID- 3248128 TI - Calculating confidence intervals for regression and correlation. PMID- 3248130 TI - [Nursing in primary health care]. PMID- 3248129 TI - Is dialysis hypotension caused by an abnormality of venous tone? AB - The role of peripheral vascular tone in the development of hypotension induced by dialysis was investigated in eight patients undergoing haemodialysis with acetate or bicarbonate buffered fluid. Each patient had two sessions of dialysis with acetate fluid and two with bicarbonate fluid in the order acetate, bicarbonate, bicarbonate, acetate or bicarbonate, acetate, acetate, bicarbonate. Mean arterial blood pressure fell at a mean rate of 3.9 mm Hg/hour during dialysis with acetate fluid and 1.4 mm Hg/hour during dialysis with bicarbonate fluid. The rate of fall was significantly greater during dialysis with acetate fluid compared with bicarbonate fluid. Heart rate increased by a mean rate of 2.6 beats/min/hour during dialysis with both acetate and bicarbonate fluid. Vascular resistance in the forearm increased at a rate of 3.6 units/hour during dialysis with acetate fluid and 4.5 units/hour during dialysis with bicarbonate fluid, but the venous bed of the forearm dilated. The index of venous tone rose at a mean rate of 0.23 ml/dl [corrected] over 40 mm Hg/hour during dialysis with acetate fluid and 0.20 ml/dl over 40 mm Hg/hour during dialysis with bicarbonate fluid. Inappropriate peripheral venodilatation may be important in the development of hypotension induced by dialysis. PMID- 3248132 TI - Dental cements: reactor response. PMID- 3248131 TI - Current developments in posterior composite resins. PMID- 3248133 TI - Cements: reactor response. PMID- 3248134 TI - Calcium phosphate materials: reactor response. PMID- 3248135 TI - Future of materials and materials research. PMID- 3248136 TI - Endodontic materials: reactor response. PMID- 3248137 TI - Endodontic materials: reactor response. PMID- 3248138 TI - Porcelain materials. PMID- 3248139 TI - Casting metals: reactor response. PMID- 3248140 TI - Dental impression materials: reactor response. PMID- 3248141 TI - Porcelain materials: reactor response. PMID- 3248143 TI - Dental amalgam: reactor response. PMID- 3248142 TI - Amalgam: reactor response. PMID- 3248151 TI - Effect of mixing time on fluoride release from a glass ionomer cement. PMID- 3248152 TI - The glass ionomer/composite sandwich restoration for primary incisors after pulpectomy. PMID- 3248154 TI - Clinical considerations in the prevention and restoration of root surface caries. PMID- 3248153 TI - Management of patients with swallowed dental objects. PMID- 3248155 TI - Characterization of Spanish kaolins for pharmaceutical use. Note II. Assays according British Pharmacopoeia. PMID- 3248156 TI - Synthesis and mucolytic-expectorant activity of 3-mercapto-2 oxo 1-pyrrolidinyl acetic acid derivatives. PMID- 3248157 TI - 8-Chloro-pyrido [2,3-b] [1,4] diazepinones as potential CNS depressant agents. PMID- 3248158 TI - [Comparison of impedometry and bioluminescence in studying microorganism growth]. PMID- 3248159 TI - [An epifluorescence method for the microbiologic control of yogurt]. PMID- 3248160 TI - Study of content and uniformity of content of tablets prepared with a low concentration in active ingredient. PMID- 3248162 TI - [Demineralized bovine bone matrix as bone inducer in the preparation of vertebral arthrodeses: short-term study in rats]. PMID- 3248161 TI - [Methods for the analytic control of polyunsaturated acids with platelet antiaggregational activity extracted from sea fish oil]. PMID- 3248163 TI - Lipid composition in hepatocyte cultures from hypothyroid rats. PMID- 3248164 TI - [Quantitative analysis of cell-cell adhesion: effect of remaining at low temperature on single cells]. PMID- 3248165 TI - [Hemopoietic role of the spleen of rabbits]. PMID- 3248166 TI - [Study on the possible origin of the Sardinio-corsican mouflon using hemoglobin phenotype analysis]. PMID- 3248168 TI - [Characteristics of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of the spleen in rabbits]. PMID- 3248167 TI - [Endogenous hypercalcitoninemia and bone repair]. PMID- 3248170 TI - [Inhibition of the response of Deiters nucleus neurons to serotonin in the presence of antagonists]. PMID- 3248169 TI - Antioxidant enzymatic systems and oxidative stress in erythrocytes from newborn infants and adults. PMID- 3248171 TI - [Condylomatous lesions in the human cervix uteri: observations through the scanning electron microscope]. PMID- 3248172 TI - [Differences in neuron responsiveness to serotonin between the dorsal and ventral zones of the Deiters nucleus]. PMID- 3248173 TI - [Protected methionine in Sardinian sheep: effects on milk production and wool growth]. PMID- 3248174 TI - [Is vision important for the maturation of ocular movement?]. PMID- 3248175 TI - Oculoplastic surgery. PMID- 3248176 TI - Assessment of the corneal endothelium prior to cataract and corneal graft surgery. PMID- 3248178 TI - Congenital aponeurotic ptosis. AB - Congenital aponeurotic ptosis is the result of a failure of the distal end of the aponeurosis to attach in the usual position. There is a ptosis of varying degree disproportionate to the amount of levator function. Unlike dystrophic congenital ptosis, the amount of levator function is good, usually exceeding 9 to 10 mm. Corrective surgery was performed in 12 cases of congenital aponeurotic ptosis, including identical twins with unilateral symmetrical ptosis, supporting the concept of a developmental mesodermal anomaly. PMID- 3248177 TI - Amaurosis fugax: the importance of carotid plaque morphology. AB - Amaurosis fugax, or transient monocular blindness, was first associated with carotid bifurcation disease in 1951. Although amaurosis fugax is often considered by vascular surgeons to be premonitory for cerebral stroke, recent studies indicate that this disease process may be more benign than previously thought. A total of 97 patients presented with amaurosis fugax to our vascular laboratory from November 1983 to January 1988. There were 81 males and 16 females, mean age 67.2 years. The common, internal and external carotid arteries were imaged in standard longitudinal and cross-sectional views. Repeat scans were performed at six months and 12 months after the first visit, then yearly thereafter. Out study confirms the correlation between heterogeneous, complex carotid plaques and the development of amaurosis fugax. Endarterectomy can safely be performed in this group of patients, preventing further symptoms or development of stroke. We advocate duplex scanning to assess the carotid bifurcation and allow non-invasive follow-up of disease progression. PMID- 3248179 TI - Eyelid reconstruction using a monopedicle flap and buccal mucosa: report of 15 cases. AB - A method is described for eyelid reconstruction to close a large defect involving the lid margin using a myocutaneous flap over a free buccal mucosal graft. The procedure was performed on 15 patients over a three-year period. Thirteen patients had loss of lower lid tissue alone. One included the lateral canthus and one over 50% of both upper and lower lids. Results were good in all patients except the one with extensive reconstruction of both lids. Advantages over other techniques of lid reconstruction include ease of surgery, adaptability of the technique to any eyelid site, good tissue match and the need for only a one-stage procedure. PMID- 3248180 TI - Pedicle flaps for cicatricial ectropion. AB - A surgical procedure is described for the correction of cicatricial ectropion secondary to actinic skin damage. This involves the rotation of an upper lid skin and muscle flap to the lower lid, thereby reversing the cicatrising process. The procedure, its advantages and disadvantages, are outlined. The procedure was successful in 44 of the 48 lids reviewed. PMID- 3248181 TI - The preoperative assessment of the corneal endothelium. AB - The ability of the cornea to maintain its transparency after surgery depends primarily upon the integrity of the corneal endothelium and in corneal grafting this is important for both donor and recipient eyes. The corneal endothelium may be significantly affected in various conditions of the anterior segment, especially if these exist over a considerable period of time. These conditions include superficial keratopathy, long-term contact lens wear, cornea guttata and low-grade anterior uveitis, especially chronic cyclitis which may be almost imperceptible clinically. The suitability of such corneas for use as donor material as well as the response of the eyes to anterior segment surgery can be assessed by specular microscopy and this may become even more important in the future as long-term contact lens wearers become more numerous in the community. PMID- 3248182 TI - Scleral reinforcement in the treatment of pathologic myopia. AB - Pathologic myopia is a relatively common blinding condition for which current treatment is limited and controversial. Macular changes and vision loss proceed from the development of a posterior staphyloma. A scleral reinforcement technique has been used in seven eyes of six patients. The procedure is technically uncomplicated and safe. PMID- 3248183 TI - Retinal detachment following Nd:YAG capsulotomy. AB - In a retrospective study of 862 patients undergoing Nd:YAG capsulotomy for secondary posterior capsule opacification after extracapsular cataract surgery, the prevalence of retinal detachment was found to be 1.4% with minimum follow-up of six months. Thirty-eight per cent of these detachments occurred within the first two months and 69% occurred within the first six months following capsulotomy. The increase in the prevalence of retinal detachment following Nd:YAG capsulotomy is most likely due to changes in the vitreous which occur when the posterior capsule is no longer intact. PMID- 3248184 TI - Pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema and its treatment with local steroids. AB - The treatment of 26 cases of cystoid macular oedema following cataract extraction is reviewed. Cases treated early and more aggressively with betamethazone drops and subtenons injection of methylprednisolone, responded well to treatment. Those given later and less aggressive treatment had a less satisfactory outcome. Our results would suggest that local steroids are effective in the treatment of pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema. PMID- 3248185 TI - The diffusion of ophthalmic laser in Australia. AB - This paper demonstrates the diffusion of ophthalmic laser into the Australian health care system. Australian ophthalmologists were quick to adopt the use of laser. Argon laser was introduced three years after its first use in the USA; YAG laser the same year as its use in the USA and Dye laser two years after its introduction in the USA. In the years 1975-84 there had been a gradual introduction of laser into ophthalmic practice growing from three to 39 in that period. From the end of 1984 to June 1986 the number increased by 68, an increase so sharp as almost to defy the classical S curve. The rapid rise can be attributed to its increased use in diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular disease, senile macular degeneration, glaucoma and to perforate thickened posterior capsules. PMID- 3248186 TI - Spontaneous hyphaema from an iris microhaemangioma. PMID- 3248187 TI - Surgical management of the frozen orbit. PMID- 3248188 TI - [Lazarus' sign and respiratory-like movement in a patient with brain death]. AB - In the diagnosis of brain death, it is generally accepted that respiratory function has to be absent, however, spinal reflexes can be preserved. We presented a patient who showed a complex movements of upper limbs (Lazarus' sign) and respiratory like movement during the apnea test for the determination of brain death. This 72-year old female admitted to our hospital in a semicomatous state due to severe subarachnoid and ventricular hemorrhage. Her conscious level suddenly deteriorated to deep coma because of second hemorrhage on the same day. She became apnea and no brain stem reflexes elicited. Three days later, electrophysiological examination revealed a flat recording of electroencephalography, absence of auditory evoked potentials and no response of blink reflex. Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials obtained by median nerve stimulation showed the presence of Erb's N9 and spinal N13-P 13 components originating from cervical dorsal horn, however, the scalp P13 generated by cervico-medullary junction was absent. This patient fulfilled all other criteria for brain death. Four days after, an apnea test was performed. Spontaneous movements of both upper limbs were observed starting between 7 and 8 minutes after disconnecting the intubation tube from the ventilator. Both arms flexed at the elbow, abducted and elevated from the bed. Then, both hands were brought up to chest. Wrist and fingers were in a neutral position (Lazarus' sign). Simultaneously, shallow and irregular respiration like movements were recognized. These movements ceased immediately after connecting the respirator. These two types of movements were reproducible except for in the final test. Blood pressure gradually decreased, and cardiac arrest occurred one hour after.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248190 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow during development of limbic seizures induced by kainic acid (KA) microinjection into unilateral amygdala in chronic cats]. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied by means of electrolytic hydrogen clearance method in chronically prepared adult cats during development of limbic seizures induced by KA microinjection into the unilateral amygdala. Stereotaxic operation was carried out on 7 adult cats. Bipolar electrodes were placed in the lateral nuclei of bilateral amygdala (LA: left amygdala, RA: right amygdala), and in the ipsilateral dorsal hippocampus (LH). Teflon needles with inner stainless steel needle guides were placed in LA, RA, LH and left anterior sigmoid gyrus (LCx) so as to introduce platinum electrodes for rCBF measurements. The teflon needle placed in LA was also utilized for KA microinjection (1 microgram). Measurements of rCBF were done before (control) and after KA microinjection. Control rCBF were as follows; LA: 41.6 15.9, RA: 40.7 12.2, LH: 39.1 10.9, LCx: 55.4 20.7 (ml/100 g/min). After KA microinjection, measurements of rCBF were made during limbic seizure stage (LSS) and transfer stage (TS). TS was divided into two stages; early TS and late TS. In LSS, 50 to 92% increase of rCBF were noted as follows; LA: 79.7 23.7, RA: 66.1 18.1, RH: 58.6 17.6, LCx: 91.4 17.8 (ml/100 g/min). In early TS, rCBF in all recorded sites returned to the same level as control rCBF. In late TS, rCBF in LA and LH were slightly lower than the level of control rCBF. Pathological examination of LA and LH in early and late TS showed different features. In late TS, astrocytic proliferation was remarkable while it was mild in early TS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248189 TI - [Bilateral generalized convulsion of split brain cats caused by the amygdaloid kindling]. AB - Previous studies have shown that the corpus callosum is involved in the propagation of epileptic discharge between two hemispheric areas of the brain. It is generally admitted that integrity of the corpus callosum is necessary for the bilateral clinical seizure manifestation. After investigating the role of the forebrain commissures in the development of the kindled amygdaloid seizure in cats, some authors insist that following the bisection of the corpus callosum, ordinary bilateral amygdaloid kindling convulsion becomes into hemiconvulsion and its EEG becomes also unequal; the kindling side showed clear seizure pattern, the other side remained normal. In our former experiment, we intended to compare the half-brain loss hemispherectomized cats with the intact ones on the time latency for the completion of the amygdaloid kindling effect as well as on the developmental change of the clinical seizure manifestation. The time latency of the operated cats was significantly shorter than that observed in the control cats and all the examined cats always showed typically bilateral symmetrical convulsion from the first kindling. Our results are contradictory to those of the split brain experiments whose cat's brain is only locally bisected. We reviewed the related papers and knew that not a few authors omitted to mention the operation technique and did not give the histological evidence of cutting. So we tried to contrive the best split brain cutting after studying previous authors' operation techniques. Ten cats weighing from 2.7 to 3.3 kg aged above 12 months were used. Among them, 5 cats were for normal controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248191 TI - [Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in acute severe head injury]. AB - Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (TSAH) is a frequent occurrence resulting from acute severe head injury. Computerized tomography (CT) accurately identifies the region, extent and nature of TSAH following trauma. But, to our knowledge, there have been few series detailing the characteristics of TSAH in acute severe head injury. The purpose of this study is to describe the findings, nature and prognosis of TSAH. Over a six and a half year period between April 1977 and September 1983, 414 severely head injured patients were examined by CT within 24 hours of the injury in the Department of Neurological Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School. Among them, 97 (23.4%) patients showed the appearance of TSAH in the Sylvian fissures, tentorium cerebelli, cortical sulci, basal cisterns and interhemispheric fissures. Conscious state on admission was defined using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and clinical outcome was defined using Glasgow Outcome Scale. There were 77 men and 20 women, ranging from 4 months to 83 years in age (means 44.3 years). TSAH therefore appears to be seen in all age groups, but especially in middle age groups. The GCS on admission was 8 or less in all cases; the GCS was 8 in 10 cases, 7 in 7 cases, 6 in 15 cases, 5 in 16 cases, 4 in 23 cases, 3 in 26 cases. The lower GCS scores, the more frequently TSAH was identified, and 67% of the patients had a GCS of 6 or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248192 TI - [Occlusion of a perforating artery, by descending tentorial herniation after head injury, supplying deep cerebral structure--report of 4 cases and their CT evaluation]. AB - Four cases with descending tentorial herniation (DTH) after head injury which showed thalamic, mesencephalic and basal ganglionic low density areas (LDAs) manifesting a infarction in postoperative CT films are reported, and a possible mechanism are discussed in this paper. Case 1: Bilateral acute subdural hematoma with left DTH showed LDAs in the anterior part of the bilateral thalami, left occipital lobe and midbrain. The estimated occluded arteries included the anterior thalamoperforating artery(AThA), posterior cerebral artery and midbrain perforator. Case 2: Right acute epidural hematoma with DTH showed LDAs in the anterior part of the right thalamus and in the left globus pallidus. The estimated occluded arteries included the AThA and anterior choroidal artery. Case 3: Right acute epidural hematoma with DTH showed LDAs in the anterior part of the left thalamus, and in the left midbrain tegmentum. The estimated occluded artery was the interpeduncular thalamoperforating artery (IThA). Case 4: Right chronic subdural hematoma with DTH showed LDA mainly in the left thalamus except for the superior thalamic region. The estimated occluded arteries included the AThA and/or IThA and thalamogeniculate artery. Cases 1 and 4 were adult males and cases 2 and 3 were infant males, and the prognosis was good in the infant males, and poor in the adult males. Each of the 4 cases showed no loss of consciousness just after the head injury while 3 out of them deteriorated within several hours, and one was a case of chronic subdural hematoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248193 TI - [Cerebral metastasis from malignant thymoma]. AB - Thymoma with extrathoracic metastasis is very rare, especially to the central nervous system. As far as we know, this is the 15th reported case of cerebral metastasis from malignant thymoma. The prognosis is very poor and almost all of them die in one to one and half years. We have experienced such a case, who is 56 years old man, presenting Gerstmann's syndrome and right-hemiparesis 8 months later after thoracotomy for removal of thymoma. At the admission time in this hospital, CT findings proved the tumor in the left temporoparietal area, left ventricle deformity and slight midline shift to right side. The average of CT density in the low density area was 20. Peripheral region of the tumor was enhanced by contrast CT. Left carotid angiography showed the ACA shift to the right side and abnormal vascularity of peripheral branches of angular artery (arterial phase) and also tumor strain in late artery (arterial phase) and also tumor strain in late arterial phase. Brain scintigram revealed accumulation in the left parietal region. The rt-hemiparesis was rapidly going to be rt hemiplegia. Therefore, we have performed needle puncture to prevent rt-hemiplegia at the first time. In the course of needle puncture, 90 ml of dark and red fluid was gained at 3.0 cm depth from the cerebral surface. Immediately, the above two symptoms have improved remarkably. Post operative CT showed the reduction of tumor and improvement of the midline shift. The radical operation have been done 2 days after the needle puncture. The tumor was elastic-soft and hemorrhagic and appeared dark-red.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248194 TI - [S-adenosyl-L-methionine concentration in cerebral interstitial fluid monitored by intracerebral microdialysis]. AB - Ketamine-anesthetized gerbils were implanted with 0.5 mm diameter microdialysis tubing through the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus with a stereotaxic instrument. The cannula was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid at a flow rate of 2 microliters/min. Samples of the perfusate representing the cerebral interstitial fluid were collected and subsequently analyzed for their content of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro tests using the dialysis cannula gave SAM recovery which varied from 3.44 +/- 0.31% (n = 3) at a perfusion flow rate of 8 microliters/min to 43.8 +/- 3.81% (n = 3) at 0.5 microliters/min (mean +/- SEM). The in vivo SAM content of the perfusate was studied and the endogenous SAM level in cerebral interstitial fluid of gerbil was 3.49 +/- 1.52 nmol per ml (n = 3). Intraperitoneal injection of SAM (250 mg/kg) produced 10-fold increases in the perfusate SAM concentration. After the experiment the brains were checked by immunopathological study using anti-albumin antibody to examine the degree of damage to the blood-brain barrier permeability. These results show that intracerebral microdialysis offers several potential advantages for studies of extracellular neurochemistry. PMID- 3248195 TI - [Evaluation of shunt treatment in hydrocephalus with myelomeningocele: some factors relating to mental prognosis]. AB - From 1971 to 1986, the authors experienced 64 patients of myelomeningocele. Sixty out of 64 cases (94%) had both myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus. A retrospective analysis about these hydrocephalic patients was conducted on various factors relating to intelligence. Forty-nine cases received cerebrospinal fluid diversion operation within 2 years of life, while 6 cases had ventriculo peritoneal shunt after 7 years of age and 5 cases had no surgical treatment for hydrocephalus. Statistically the following factors were significantly related to low intelligence: 1) ventriculitis suffered within two months of life: 2) association of symptomatic Arnold-Chiari malformation, and 3) myelodysplasia at or above the L2 level. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between mental prognosis and age at initial shunt, degree of ventricular dilatation before and after shunt, numbers of shunt revision, epilepsy, or subdural hematoma after shunt. These findings suggest that hydrocephalic patients with myelomeningocele will be expected to have better mental prognosis if the hydrocephalus is well controlled by shunting and if they do not have other severe malformations of the central nervous system. PMID- 3248196 TI - [Clinical and EEG evaluation of mid-line spikes in childhood]. AB - We studied the clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of 45 patients with mid-line spikes. The incidence of mid-line spikes was 3.0% in total EEG population in childhood. Sex incidence was equal. First appearance age of mid line spikes ranged from one month to 12 years, with a mean of 5.0 years old. Fz focus was in 3 patients, Cz in 31 and Pz in 11. Thirty two of the 45 patients (71%) had a history of clinical seizures; 16 with febrile convulsions and 16 with epileptic seizures. Of the remaining 13 patients without a history of seizures, the EEG was obtained because of post-meningitis in 4, developmental delayed in 4, migraine in 1 and miscellaneous in 4. Mid-line spikes might not have so strong correlations with clinical seizures. Ten patients had a family history of epilepsy and/or febrile convulsion. In the patients with seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most frequent type (18; primary GTC and 10; secondary GTC with partial onset). Elementary symptoms of partial seizures were very variable (focal motor in 5, Jacksonian march in 1, aversive in 1, autonomic in 2 and automatism in 5), and which might be related to the other lesions such as temporal and/or frontal lobes. Seizure control was almost good except for two patients with organic brain damage. And other neurological symptoms were not also progressive. On EEG findings, twenty-two patients had midline spikes as their only epileptiform abnormality. The remaining twenty-three had an additional epileptiform feature, either a focal spikes or a generalized spike-wave.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248197 TI - A model for estimating the potential costs and savings of osteoporosis prevention strategies. AB - A model was developed which estimates the costs of osteoporosis risk evaluation and treatment, and the resulting savings in terms of reduced fracture frequency, for the adult female population of the United States. In the absence of treatment, the model predicts 1.44 million fractures will occur annually from non violent causes. Treatment of all women beginning at age 50 with an agent that slows bone loss by 50% would reduce the number of these fractures by 0.59 million. Selective treatment of the 47% of women at the greatest fracture risk would reduce the number of fractures by 0.45 million, but would only cost 47% as much as treating all women. Additional data are required before the model can be used to evaluate specific treatment regimens. However, it appears that selective treatment of those at highest risk would yield the greatest benefit to cost ratio, if only benefits related to reduced fracture frequency are considered. PMID- 3248198 TI - Serum vitamin D metabolites and nuclear uptake of (3H)-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in monocytes from patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis: a study of two radiological types. AB - The nuclear uptake of (3H)-1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in freshly isolated human monocytes and the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were investigated in 13 patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis and in sex and age-matched controls. Seven patients had type I osteopetrosis characterized by diffuse, symmetrical osteosclerosis with pronounced sclerosis of the skull and increased thickness of the cranial vault. The other six patients had type II with "Rugger Jersey Spine" and "endobones" as characteristic findings. In type I osteopetrosis the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05), whereas serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor binding were normal. In type II osteopetrosis the serum vitamin D metabolites were normal, as was the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D to the nuclear receptor. The dissociation constant (Kd), however, was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) indicating a modest resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. It is concluded that a general end-organ resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D at the receptor level does not exist in type I osteopetrosis, but may contribute to some of the radiological and biochemical findings in type II. PMID- 3248199 TI - Biophysical study of bone mineral in biopsies of osteoporotic patients before and after long-term treatment with fluoride. AB - Crystallographic characteristics of bone mineral were examined in a group of 60 osteoporotic patients before and after 3 to 6 years of fluoride therapy. The age of the mineral was evaluated by means of X-ray absorption, as degree of mineralization of bone tissue (MDBT). Crystallinity was evaluated by measuring both X-ray diffraction line broadening, beta (31.0) and beta (00.2), and the crystallinity index (CI) by infrared spectrometry. The a and c unit-cell parameters were determined by powder X-ray diffraction. Bone fluoride content was measured by specific electrode. Patients were divided in two groups according to MDBT before treatment: one group with MDBT values less than or equal to mean value; another group with MDBT values greater than mean value. In the first group, trabecular bone volume (TBV) did not change significantly during therapy. In the second group, an increase of TBV was observed. Osteoporoses can then be distinguished, on MDBT criterion, between osteoporosis with hypermaturated mineral and osteoporosis with hypomaturated mineral. The MDBT before treatment permits one to predict the effect of fluoride therapy on TBV. In the two groups there was a significant increase in bone fluoride content between the onset and the end of treatment. Bone fluoride content increased linearly during therapy without any plateau effect. Crystallographic modifications induced by fluoride explain the mechanical and chemical improvement of bone. PMID- 3248200 TI - Newly synthesized proteoglycans in pseudoachondroplasia. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the biochemical defect in pseudoachondroplasia, proteoglycan metabolism was investigated in cartilage from a patient with the dominant form of this condition. Iliac-crest cartilage was radioactively labeled with 35S-sulfate and the newly synthesized proteoglycans examined for their hydrodynamic size and glycosaminoglycan composition. The banding pattern of the purified proteoglycans was analyzed by gel-electrophoresis using large pore polyacrylamide-agarose. We found a normal chain-length of glycosaminoglycans and a normal ratio of chondroitin-6-sulfate to chondroitin-4-sulfate. The proteoglycans were not enriched in keratan sulfate. Gel electrophoretic analysis of the proteoglycans disclosed a banding pattern comparable to that of two normal controls. In contrast to the findings of other authors no differences between the proteoglycans of pseudoachondroplastic and normal cartilage were detected. PMID- 3248201 TI - Bone repletion in vitro: evidence for a locally regulated bone repair response to PTH treatment. AB - Normally bone formation and resorption are balanced by coupling, but in some conditions such as dietary Ca deficiency, bone resorption exceeds formation, resulting in bone loss (termed bone depletion in previous animal studies). When conditions causing depletion return to normal, a compensatory decrease in resorption and increase in formation occurs, leading to replacement of the lost bone. To test if this recovery process, termed bone repletion, might be locally regulated as in coupling we determined whether cellular and metabolic changes associated with repletion in vivo would occur in vitro in neonatal mouse calvaria. To increase resorption and decrease formation, serum-free cultures were treated with parathyroid hormone (10 nM bovine PTH1-84). Although formation was inhibited ([3H]proline incorporation into [3H]hydroxyproline), the number of bone cells increased during PTH treatment. To simulate repletion, PTH was removed after 3-9 days. Within 6 days of removal of PTH, resorption (osteoclast numbers and 45Ca release) decreased to control levels and bone formation increased to exceed untreated control levels. Autoradiographs of [3H]proline incorporation suggested an increase in the number of active bone forming cells (compared to untreated controls) after removal of PTH. These cellular and metabolic changes were similar to changes which occur during depletion and repletion in vivo. The results support the hypothesis that reversal of the resorptive processes initiated by PTH in organ cultures can occur in the absence of circulating factors. The apparent increase in the components of bone formation that were observed after PTH withdrawal may have resulted from generation of increased numbers of osteoblastic cells during PTH treatment. PMID- 3248202 TI - Flurbiprofen-induced stimulation of periosteal bone formation and inhibition of bone resorption in older rats. AB - The skeletal effects of flurbiprofen (Fb), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was studied by histomorphometry in 9-month-old retired female breeder, Sprague Dawley rats. Flurbiprofen was given subcutaneously at 0, 0.2, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg/d for 21 days. Flurbiprofen had no effect on longitudinal growth, but stimulated radial growth (+200%) over controls. In the tibial shaft, Fb stimulated the mineral apposition rate (+25%), mineral bone formation rate (+100%), and periosteal labeling length (+64%) at the 2.5 and 5.0 mg Fb/kg dose levels, and had no effect on marrow cavity size compared to controls. However, these changes were insufficient to increase cortical bone mass. In the proximal tibial metaphysis, Fb suppressed osteoclasts/mm2 of metaphyseal tissue (-47%), osteoclasts/mm of bone surface (-46%), and the osteoclast/osteoblast ratio ( 50%), increased the calcified cartilage core population (+100%), and had no effect on osteoblast numbers at all dose levels. There was an insignificant increase in metaphyseal cancellous bone mass. The current study leads to the conclusion that flurbiprofen-stimulated periosteal bone growth was due to direct stimulation of osteoblast recruitment and activity independent of longitudinal bone growth. Further, it confirms early findings in young rats that flurbiprofen induced depressed bone resorption without lowering bone formation. However, because of insufficient treatment time, the older rat did not accumulate bone as the young rats did. PMID- 3248203 TI - Skeletal tissue responses to thermal injury: an experimental study. AB - Skeletal changes occurring secondary to burn injuries were studied in an experimental animal model for thermal injury. One hindlimb of female Sprague Dawley rats (200-250g) was subjected to a standardized thermal injury; the other hindlimb was left untreated. Control animals received no experimental treatment. Effects on skeletal architecture were studied at the proximal tibial metaphysis and tibial diaphysis using static histomorphometry. Bone formation dynamics were studied from a series of bone fluorochrome labels administered before the experiment began, early (days 8, 9) postburn treatment (PBT) and late PBT (days 17, 18). Animals were sacrificed on day 21 PBT. In proximal tibial metaphyses of burn-treated limbs, trabecular bone area (TBA) and trabecular number in all regions except the primary spongiosa, were significantly reduced. TBA was also decreased, but not significantly in nontreated limbs. Longitudinal growth rate, growth plate thickness and growth cartilage cell production rate are greater in burn-treated than in nonburned and control bones. Burn-treated diaphyses showed extensive woven bone formation at periosteal surfaces, and corresponding increases of bone areas and periosteal perimeters. Endocortical surfaces showed only typical occasional resorption areas. No intracortical changes were observed. Mineral appositional rate (MAR) and bone formation rate (BFR) at endocortical surfaces were markedly depressed after thermal injury, significant changes were noted in both limbs of treated animals. Among burned limbs, the early PBT label was absent from all specimens, indicating a virtual shutdown of osteoblast activity and recruitment. Similarly in nonburned limb bone, the label was absent from 50% of the specimens; in those bones in which the label was present, label lengths, appositional and bone formation rates were significantly reduced relative to the control specimens. Comparison of average bone formation dynamics for the total PBT interval indicates that MAR and BFR in burned treated tibiae were reduced to approximately 25% of control values. MAR and BFR from the nonburned side of treated animals were significantly reduced as well, to about 55% of control values. These data indicate that the principal metaphyseal effects of thermal injury are stimulation of growth cartilage proliferation, and depression of ossification and osteoblast activity. In diaphyses, thermal injury causes extensive local periosteal woven bone proliferation and a dramatic depression of endosteal bone formation. The latter effect, while more severe locally, is also evident systemically. PMID- 3248204 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of native and denatured collagen types I and II in fetal and adult rat long bones. AB - Collagen turnover during rat long bone development and growth was investigated using immunofluorescence methods with specific polyclonal antibodies against native (triple helix) and denatured (breakdown products) forms of type I and II collagen. Labeling of cryostat sections with anti-native and denatured collagen type II antibodies resulted in a positive staining throughout the cartilage matrix of fetal and adult long bones. Likewise, native and denatured type I collagen could be detected in mineralized and non-mineralized bone matrix. Moreover, labeling with anti-denatured type I antibody evoked a strong intracellular staining of osteoblasts, but not of osteocytes. Denatured type I was also localized intra-pericellularly in the small chondrocytes comprising the primitive cartilage cores and the epiphyses of older long bones. On the other hand, apart from its localization in the cartilage matrix, denatured type II collagen was found specifically within the chondrocytes. These observations indicate that a continuous turnover of the major collagen types takes place in fetal and adult rat long bone tissue. Degradation of collagen apparently occurs intra- and extracellularly, and is mainly independent of the presence and activity of osteoclasts. The presence of denatured type I collagen in cartilage suggests that chondrocytes synthesize small amounts of type I collagen, which is immediately degraded to a denatured form. PMID- 3248205 TI - Home interviewing of mothers resident in a socially deprived area. PMID- 3248207 TI - The restoration of broken down dentition. PMID- 3248206 TI - The use of porcelain veneers. PMID- 3248208 TI - A retrospective comparison of two drug regimens RHE2/RH10 and RHZ2/RH10 in the treatment of tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy. AB - A retrospective radiographic comparison of two regimens, RHE2/RH10 (n = 32) and RHZ2/RH10 (n = 37), used in the treatment of tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy is reported. The two groups did not differ in age, pretreatment or post-treatment values. The rate of improvement in serial radiographs was compared between the two groups, each patient acting as his own control. There was no difference in the incidence of initial gland enlargement at 1 month, but at 2 months RHZ2/RH10 had less enlargement (0.05 greater than P greater than 0.01). The rate of improvement was faster in the RHZ2/RH10 group from 2-7 months' treatment, being significantly better than RHE2/RH10 at 2 (P = 0.003), 5 (0.01 greater than P) and 7 months (0.02 greater than P). Pyrazinamide (25-40 mg/kg) appears to be superior to ethambutol 15 mg/kg for the initial 2 months of treatment of tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The findings may be applicable to peripheral tuberculous lymphadenopathy. PMID- 3248209 TI - Profiles of non-compliance with antituberculous therapy. AB - Treatment compliance was assessed by testing multiple urine samples for rifampicin in 113 consecutive patients taking a rifampicin containing regimen for tuberculosis. Nineteen (16.8%) patients had at least one negative urine sample after chromatographic analysis and these patients were more likely to be from social classes IV and V, to be Asian, and to have defaulted from at least one clinic appointment without good reason. A questionnaire was completed by 70 of the patients and four (6%) admitted to having omitted at least one treatment weekly; two of these also had at least one negative urine test. Physicians were only partly successful in identifying non-compliers. The relevance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3248210 TI - Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly: 4 years' experience. AB - We reviewed the records of all patients over the age of 80 years undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy in St James's Hospital between May 1982 and May 1986, to assess the safety and clinical usefulness of the procedure in this group of patients. Sixty bronchoscopies were performed in this time, 21 patients had histologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma, oma, one had tuberculosis, and one a benign polyp. There was no mortality and no serious morbidity. We concluded that fibreoptic bronchoscopy is a safe, useful procedure which was helping in planning future management in this group of patients. PMID- 3248211 TI - Plexiform lesion in bronchopulmonary anastomosis. AB - A cellular lesion developed in the bronchial component of a bronchopulmonary anastomosis in a girl of 6 years with primary pulmonary hypertension. Its histological features were consistent with those of a plexiform lesion. PMID- 3248212 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis in Behcet's syndrome. AB - Pulmonary tuberculosis has rarely been recorded in patients with Behcet's syndrome, but to date no report has convincingly demonstrated any possible association between these two diseases. We describe three cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with Behcet's syndrome and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms. PMID- 3248213 TI - Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in association with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - We describe a patient with Sjogren's syndrome who developed what appeared to be fibrosing alveolitis. Transbronchial lung biopsy indicated lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP), rather than fibrosing alveolitis, which was treated successfully with steroids. Both conditions are well recognized in association with Sjogren's syndrome and the distinction is important in view of the good response to therapy of LIP. PMID- 3248214 TI - Problems with asthma following treatment of thyrotoxicosis. AB - We describe two cases of asthma associated with concomitant thyrotoxicosis where initial improvement followed antithyroid treatment. Relapse of asthma on thyroxine replacement was accompanied by subclinical hyperthyroidism with elevated levels of triiodothyronine. This emphasizes the need to follow up asthmatic patients closely for biochemical relapse following treatment of thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 3248215 TI - [Correlation of mitochondria metabolism and spontaneous luminescence of incubation cells]. AB - Correlation between metabolism of isolated mitochondria (M) and the energetic state of incubation cells structure was studied. The energetic state was determined by the intensity of spontaneous superlow luminescence (LM). Correlation was found between M respiration rate, oxidative phosphorylation and the incubation cells LM. Variations of M metabolism correlating with the LM level of the cells made of quartz and organic glass are of opposite direction. Independently of LM value of the cells there was found a reliable successive decrease of M respiration rate in the course of their incubation in the quartz cells with a decreased response to stimulation additions (ADP, DHP), and an increase of the time of aerobic phase. A decrease of the rate of oxygen consumption and phosphorylation was observed also in the organic glass cells with a low LM level. The indexes of metabolism in the organic glass cells with a high LM level corresponded to the usual control. An increase of LM level of the whole system (M + medium + incubation + cell) was observed during M incubation in optically low-transparent (organic glass) and untransparent (ebonite) cells. On the contrary when M were incubated in transparent quartz cells a decrease of LM level was observed. Changes of LM and respiration are suggested to be related to the existence of coherent electromagnetic vibrations in the components of the system under study, and with the dependence of the mobility degree of molecular oxygen on the level of structure pattern of the biological systems. PMID- 3248216 TI - [Spectral characteristics of intraocular lenses and injury to the retina caused by visible light]. AB - It has been shown that intraocular lenses (IOL) prepared from polymethylmethacrylate and silicon let pass the light of short-wave visible and long-wave spectrum regions. Unlike natural lens, IOL have no yellowish coloration, which results in the appearance of chromatic aberrations and brightness of IOL during implantation. Mechanisms of damaging effects of visible light on the retina were studied. It has been shown that a week after the rat eyes were illuminated the waves "a" and "b" ERG were inhibited. At the ultrastructural level damage of the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium and of the retinal layers formed by photoreceptor cells took place. Dynamics of the damage of tissue structures of the retina by visible light was investigated. It is suggested that application of colored lenses and prophylaxis by the inhibitors of free radical oxidation will protect the retina from photochemical damage. PMID- 3248217 TI - [A direct problem of electroencephalography using the spherical approach]. AB - A solution of the direct problem of electroencephalography was carried out within the framework of multilayer sphere model consisting of homogenous omic spherical kernel covered with five omic layers modelling epicortical liquor, three-layer bone of the skull, scalp. Solutions of more simple models cited in literature are particular variants of this general one. By means of numerical simulation solutions of multilayer spheres of different complexity are compared and a notion of the simplest adequate model is worked out. PMID- 3248218 TI - [Additional possibilities of the formation of incorrect nucleotide pairs]. AB - Calculations of intermolecular interaction energies for the systems consisting of two nitrogen bases and one or two molecules of water have been performed by the atom--atom potential function method. In some energy minima corresponding to the arrangement of the bases with one of the bases being in the syn-orientation with respect to the sugar two bases are linked through one H-bond and one or two water bridges. Such pairs provide an additional possible pathway for the appearance of errors during template biosynthesis. PMID- 3248219 TI - [Spatial structure of angiotensin in an aqueous solution]. AB - The spatial structure of spin-labeled angiotensin in aqueous solution wa investigated with the combined use of NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy and energy calculation including Monte-Carlo techniques. The calculated mean values of molecular parameters were compared with the experimental ones. The calculated and experimental mean values were regarded as statistically indistinguishable when the corresponding mean values occurred within the 95% confidence limit. The experimental parameters were shown to be adequately described by calculated conformers only with the assumption of the existence of dynamic equilibrium of conformers in solution. The mean values of statistical weights and their limits providing the agreement between the calculated and experimental data were determined. Two geometrically different forms of backbone structure for C terminal hexapeptide in aqueous solution were revealed using the discussed approach; the N-terminal part of the molecule appeared to be much more conformationally labile. The model of molecule spatial structure is consistent with available literature data upon angiotensin titration experiments, its complexing with heavy metal ions etc. PMID- 3248220 TI - [Optical spectroscopy of methemoglobin from the Lampetra fluviatilis river lamprey and its complexes reduced at 77K]. AB - The absorption spectra from met-haemoglobin from lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis and its complexes with F-, CN-, N3- and imidazole were studied in non-equilibrium states arising in low-temperature (77K) reduction of water-glycerol of oxidized forms of protein with thermolyzed electrons. The Soret band was shown to be not split in low-temperature absorption spectra of reduced met-haemoglobin and its complexes unlike that of the equilibrium deoxyhaemoglobin. It was concluded that met-haemoglobin has a higher symmetry of the active centre as compared to deoxyhaemoglobin. PMID- 3248221 TI - Physiological mechanism of digital vasoconstriction training. AB - Recent work in our laboratory has shown that vasodilation produced during temperature biofeedback training is mediated through a nonneural, beta-adrenergic mechanism. Here we sought to determine if the effects of feedback training for vasoconstriction are produced through a neural or nonneural pathway and whether other measures of physiological activity are correlated with these changes. Nine normal subjects received temperature feedback vasoconstriction training in which feedback was delivered only during periods of successful performance. In a subsequent session, the nerves to one finger were blocked with a local anesthetic while finger blood flow was recorded from this and other fingers. Vasoconstriction occurred during feedback in the intact fingers but not in the nerve-blocked finger and was accompanied by increased skin conductance and heart rate. These data demonstrate that temperature feedback vasoconstriction training is mediated through an efferent, sympathetic nervous pathway. In contrast, temperature feedback vasodilation training is mediated through a nonneural, beta adrenergic mechanism. PMID- 3248222 TI - Genetic risk assessment. PMID- 3248224 TI - Why should history be taught in dental school? PMID- 3248223 TI - Reporting periodontal treatment under dental benefit plans. PMID- 3248226 TI - The content of a dental history course: what should be taught? PMID- 3248227 TI - On the teaching of dental history. PMID- 3248225 TI - Who should teach dental history? PMID- 3248228 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to bovine parathyroid hormone: production and characterization. AB - 1. This paper describes the production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH)-(1-84). 2. Spleen cells from A/J mice successfully immunized with bPTH-(1-84) were fused with SP2/O myeloma cells using PEG 4000 as fusogen. The screening method employed microtiter plates coated with sheep antimouse IgG and the presence of specific monoclonal antibodies was demonstrated by the binding of 125I-bPTH-(1-84). 3. A detailed study of the specificity of the three viable monoclonals with highest affinity showed that two (6FH6 and 6CD4) were amino-terminal specific and the other (5BG9) carboxyl-terminal specific. The two amino-terminal monoclonal antibodies appear to recognize the same antigenic site. 4. The monoclonal antibodies produced are potentially useful reagents for the development of new methods for the measurement of PTH in biological fluids, studies on the interaction of PTH with its receptor, as well as localization of PTH producing cells. PMID- 3248229 TI - Blockade of the bradykinin-evoked diphasic response of isolated rat duodenum by the crude extract of and compounds obtained from Mandevilla velutina. AB - The influence of an aqueous/ethanolic extract of M. velutina (CE) and of two compounds (MV 8608 and MV 8612) purified from the plant on BK-, Ad- and K+ induced responses of the rat duodenum was analyzed in vitro. In preparations precontracted with Ca2+, the CE (1 and 2 mg/ml) markedly inhibited BK-induced relaxation in a dose-dependent manner but was less effective against Ad-induced relaxation. The CE (0.5 mg/ml) also antagonized BK-induced relaxation and contraction of strips bathed in normal medium. The two compounds from M. velutina (10 and 20 micrograms/ml) also promoted a dose-dependent blockade of both responses to BK, only slightly depressing the response to K+. PMID- 3248230 TI - Chronotropic responses to acetylcholine in atria of mice chronically infected with Y and CL strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Cardiac parasympathetic denervation has been reported to occur in human and experimental T. cruzi infections. We have used acetylcholine to investigate the in vitro chronotropic sensitivity of atrial muscarinic receptors in mice chronically infected with either a reticulotropic (Y) or a myotropic (CL) strain of T. cruzi. The dose-response curves did not differ from that obtained for control mice, a result that may be due to reinnervation processes. PMID- 3248232 TI - Independence of aversive and pain mechanisms in the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter of the rat. AB - Electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG) elicits autonomic responses similar to those following peripheral pain stimulation. The present study analyzes the effects of morphine and midazolan applied to the same DPAG site on the autonomic responses induced by both types of stimulation. Both drugs attenuated the increase in heart rate and blood pressure induced by DPAG stimulation while attenuating only the increase in heart rate induced by pain stimulation. These results suggest that the neural substrates of the autonomic expression of the DPAG and pain stimulation are different although they may partially overlap. PMID- 3248231 TI - Effect of calcium-entry blockers on the diuretic response to hydrochlorothiazide in the rat. AB - The influence of the calcium-entry blockers, verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on hydrochlorothiazide-induced diuresis was determined in hydrated conscious rats. Nifedipine significantly inhibited hydrochlorothiazide-induced 5-h excreted urine volume and urinary sodium with little effect on potassium excretion. Both verapamil and diltiazem significantly enhanced urinary sodium excretion with no effect on either urine volume or potassium excretion. These results are of interest in view of the current use of nifedipine as an anti-hypertensive agent, alone or in combination with a thiazide diuretic. PMID- 3248233 TI - Depression of myocardial force development after urea treatment. AB - Left ventricle papillary muscles from Wistar male rats were studied before, during and after urea treatment. Urea was used at a concentration (17 mM) equivalent to a plasma level of 100 mg/dl. To verify whether these effects were produced by an increase in osmolarity, the study was repeated using 17 mM saccharose. The results showed that isometric force development decreased after washing out urea from the bath but inotropic responses to isoproterenol (IPA) and increased extracellular calcium attained values similar to those obtained before urea treatment. Thus, the percentual increments due to IPA and calcium were enhanced after urea treatment. The increased osmolarity due to saccharose did not produce any change in contraction or in the responses to inotropic interventions. It is suggested that urea modifies the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism in heart muscle, reducing the force developed at the steady state control level without reducing the responses to the inotropic interventions. PMID- 3248234 TI - Evidence for interaction between central beta-2 adrenoceptors and epinephrine pathways in the opioid-induced prolactin rise in the rat. AB - 1. The possible role of central beta-2 adrenoceptors and epinephrine pathways in opioid-induced prolactin (PRL) rise was investigated. 2. FK 33824, a synthetic opioid peptide injected into the third ventricle of Wistar male rats, generated a PRL rise that was significantly reduced by pretreatment with IPS 339, a potent and selective beta-2 antagonist. 3. Inhibition of central epinephrine synthesis with SKF 64 139, which selectively blocks phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, partially decreased the PRL release induced by FK 33824. 4. Practolol, a selective beta-1 adrenoceptor blocker, did not modify the PRL secretion induced by FK 33824. 5. The results indicate that this FK 33824-induced PRL rise depends in part on the functional integrity of central beta-2 adrenoceptors and that epinephrine pathways in the brain may play an important role in the mechanisms by which opioid peptides increase PRL secretion. PMID- 3248235 TI - Sodium dependence of early distal H+ secretion in rat kidney. AB - In order to study the mechanism of H-ion secretion in cortical distal tubules of the rat kidney, the luminal pH and transepithelial potential difference (PD) were measured with double-barrelled, pH-sensitive, resin/reference microelectrodes. Perfusion of peritubular capillaries with low-sodium solutions increased luminal pH by 0.28 +/- 0.024 units. Perfusion of the lumen with 1 mM amiloride increased luminal pH by 0.67 +/- 0.01 units. These changes could not be attributed to modification of transepithelial PD. We conclude that early distal acidification is sodium-dependent, possibly owing to the presence of Na+/H+ exchange. PMID- 3248236 TI - Evaluation of genotoxic activity in the blood and urine of guinea pigs treated with nifurtimox and benznidazole. AB - 1. The mutagenicity of serum and urine from guinea pigs treated with a single oral dose (500 mg/kg) of benznidazole and nifurtimox was assayed using the Salmonella/plate incorporation test with strain TA 100 and a nitroreductase deficient derivative, TA 100NR. 2. The urine and blood of animals treated with nifurtimox were not mutagenic for either tester strain. 3. The urine and blood of animals receiving benznidazole were mutagenic to the TA 100 but not to the TA 100NR strain. Similar results were obtained with nitrofurantoin-treated animals. Maximum mutagenicity values were obtained in serum and urine of treated animals 90 min and 24 h after administration, respectively. 4. Mutagenicity induced by benznidazole in the serum and urine of treated animals was not altered when assayed in anaerobic environments. 5. These results indicate that benznidazole and nifurtimox are not metabolized by the mammalian host into stable mutagenic derivatives detectable by the Ames test. Based on these data, we suggest that the potential cancer risk to patients treated with these drugs is small but should be further evaluated. PMID- 3248237 TI - Characterization of the vitamin B12-binding protein isolated from sow's milk and its affinity for cyanocobalamin and other corrinoids. AB - 1. Unsaturated vitamin B12-binding protein was isolated from sow's milk whey by affinity chromatography on a vitamin B12-Sepharose column with a yield of 54% (3920-fold purification). The purified binding protein was homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high speed sedimentation equilibrium. 2. The isolated vitamin B12-binding protein was a glycoprotein with 24% carbohydrates (fucose, galactose, mannose, galactosamine, glucosamine and sialic acid) and high levels of aspartic and glutamic acids. The protein which has a molecular weight of 61,800 determined by ultracentrifugation, consisted of a single polypeptide chain, bound vitamin B12 on an equimolar basis and had a partial specific volume of 0.697 ml/g (mechanical oscillator technique). 3. Its dissociation constant, Kd, for cyanocobalamin was 8.8 x 10(-10)M. The binding protein showed similar affinities for hydroxo-, methyl-, and adenosylcobalamin when compared to cyanocobalamin relative affinity ratios, but lower affinities (31-49%) for cobinamide, Co-alpha-[adenyl] cobamide and Co-alpha-[2-methyl adenyl] cobamide. Therefore, the substitution of the axial ligand to the cobalt atom in the corrin ring of vitamin B12 had no effect on affinity, whereas the differences in the nucleotide part of the molecule caused a small decrease in energy of the interaction. 4. The present results indicate close similarity of the vitamin B12-binding protein from sow's milk to vitamin B12-binding proteins from other sources, especially those from human milk and from porcine gastric mucosa (nonintrinsic factor). Whether this similarity extends to antigenic and physiological properties remains to be investigated. PMID- 3248238 TI - A Dactylium dendroides morphological mutant defective in D-galactose metabolism. AB - 1. A morphological mutant of the mold Dactylium dendroides was isolated and the phenotype characterized as D-Gal- and L-Ara-. 2. The transport system for D galactose seemed to be inducible in wild type and mutant and was altered in the mutant. 3. Galactose-1-P-uridylyl transferase activity was absent in the mutant. 4. The levels of intracellular galactose oxidase activity were similar in the wild type and in the mutant, thereby excluding a possible participation of this enzyme in galactose catabolism in the mold. 5. The low level of galactose oxidase activity found in the extracellular medium indicates a defect in galactose oxidase secretion by the mutant. PMID- 3248239 TI - Conformationally restricted analogs of angiotensin II: titration and biological activity. AB - 1. Six conformationally restricted analogues of angiotensin II containing one disulfide bridge were synthesized by the solid-phase method. 2. These cyclic analogues were titrated electrometrically and spectrophotometrically and their biological activities were assayed on the isolated guinea pig ileum and rat blood pressure. 3. The conformation restrictions led to significant differences in the pKa values of the titratable groups in all six analogs. 4. The comparison of titration data between the cyclic and linear analogs of angiotensin II indicates that in the pH range 4 to 9, angiotensin II has a preferential folded conformation. An expanded conformation is assumed to occur at pH below 4 and above 9. 5. The biological activities of all cyclic analogs were less than 0.2% of the activity of angiotensin II in both bioassays. PMID- 3248240 TI - Nephritis blunts urinary kallikrein excretion and aggravates DOCA/NaCl hypertension in rats. AB - 1. Normal rats and passive Heymann membranous glomerulonephritic rats were chronically treated with DOCA/NaCl for 9 weeks. Normal and untreated nephritic rats were used as controls. Urinary kallikrein excretion (UKE), proteinuria and tail blood pressure (BP) were determined in awake rats. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma potassium (PK) concentration were measured at the end of the experiment. 2. Comparison between basal and 9th week measurements indicated that DOCA/NaCl administration significantly increased (P less than 0.05) UKE (3.96 +/- 0.30 vs 7.60 +/- 1.51 U/24 h) and BP (118 +/- 2 vs 135 +/- 6 mmHg) in normal rats, whereas in nephritic DOCA/NaCl-treated rats, UKE was unaltered (3.80 +/- 0.50 vs 3.40 +/- 0.30 U/24 h) and BP increased to higher levels (117 +/- 2 vs 152 +/- 3 mmHg) than in the normal DOCA/NaCl group (P less than 0.05). Passive Heymann nephritis alone did not affect UKE (3.56 +/- 0.40 vs 3.60 +/- 0.80 U/24 h) or BP (124 +/- 2 vs 125 +/- 2 mmHg). 3. At the end of the study, PK was decreased and PRA totally suppressed in both normal and nephritic DOCA/NaCl-treated rats. Proteinuria was more pronounced in nephritic DOCA/NaCl-treated rats (44.8 +/- 5.2 mg/day) than in control nephritic animals (15.1 +/- 2.4 mg/day) and GFR was increased equally in both DOCA/NaCl-treated groups. 4. The failure of nephritic rats to respond to DOCA/NaCl by increasing UKE was not associated with any significant derangement of renal function or structure and may have been related to the aggravation of arterial hypertension in this group. PMID- 3248241 TI - Lack of correlation between anatomic infarct size and ventriculographic variables following coronary occlusion in closed-chest dogs. AB - 1. Although the effects of therapeutic interventions upon infarct size are frequently assessed on the basis of left ventricular ejection fraction and segmental contraction, the correlation of these variables with infarct size has not been thoroughly evaluated. To explore such relationships, we occluded the left anterior descending coronary artery of 22 closed-chest dogs and performed contrast ventriculography one week later. Regional myocardial function was evaluated by a computer system in 60 radial segments. 2. Infarct size, measured by triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining, ranged from 1.4 to 43.6% of the left ventricle. Infarcted dogs were arbitrarily divided into 3 groups by percentage of necrotic area: Group 1 (less than or equal to 15%, N = 5), Group 2 (15 to 30%, N = 10) and Group 3 (greater than or equal to 30%, N = 7). 3. Although the ejection fraction was significantly reduced in infarcted animals as compared to preselected normal controls (38.9 +/- 11.6 [SD] vs 74.1 +/- 7.5%, P less than 0.001), it was similar within each infarct subgroup. 4. There was a linear inverse correlation between ejection fraction and percentage of abnormally contracting segments (R = -0.63, P = 0.0017). However, neither ejection fraction nor abnormally contracting segments were correlated with infarct size (R = -0.17 and R = 0.11, respectively). 5. A more detailed analysis revealed that infarcted or infarct-adjacent segments were less depressed in Group 1 than in Group 2 or 3 and extent of depression was similar between Groups 2 and 3. Conversely, the extent of shortening of non-infarcted inferior wall segments increased from Group 1 to Group 3. 6. Thus, regional myocardial contraction is significantly affected by non-necrotic infarct-adjacent segments and the ejection fraction is significantly influenced by non-ischemic myocardium. For infarcted areas up to 40% of the left ventricle, a single post-infarction determination of ejection fraction or the percentual of abnormally contracting segments seems unreliable, on a population basis, to judge the effects of infarct-sparing interventions. PMID- 3248242 TI - Thyroid function in hemidecorticate rats. AB - 1. Thyroid function was evaluated in hemidecorticate (HD) and control (C) rats by determining serum T3 and T4 levels and the development of incisors and mandibles and through analysis of various histological features of the thyroid such as follicle size, colloid droplet content and [3H]-glycine uptake by follicular cells. 2. HD animals presented normal levels of circulating T3 but significantly lower T4 levels. 3. There was slight atrophy of the gland in HD animals and fewer colloid droplets were present in the cytoplasm of the follicular cells in this group, indicating a reduction in the breakdown of thyroglobulin. [3H]-glycine uptake by HD indicated that the rate of thyroglobulin biosynthesis was not altered in the experimental animals. 4. The growth of mandibles (weight) and incisors (weight and length) was reduced in HD compared to the control animals. 5. These results suggest that hemidecortication causes mild hypothyroidism (trophoprivic type) probably by affecting hypothalamic function. PMID- 3248243 TI - Perturbations of the topography of the tegument of adult Schistosoma mansoni. A scanning electron microscope study. AB - 1. Adult Schistosoma mansoni show a proclivity to release fragments of the tegumental surface membrane when they are incubated in various media, or after they are exposed to positively charged microspheres. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the extent and nature of the perturbations induced by the two treatments used to prepare tegumental membranes. 2. Incubation of the parasites in a phosphate-buffered medium resulted in extensive blebbing and release of vesicles from the tegument. 3. Attachment of positively charged microspheres followed by their release yielded tegument membrane fragments of a different morphology. 4. The nature and implications of these perturbations to membrane processes occurring at the tegument of schistosomes are discussed. PMID- 3248244 TI - Alterations in the behavior of young and adult rats exposed to aldrin during lactation. AB - The effects of the administration of aldrin, an organochlorinated pesticide, during the period of lactation were studied on behavior of the litters. The general activity of the young and adult animals was tested in an open-field. In both situations, activity was higher in experimental than in control rats. Experimental animals also showed a higher performance in a hole-board apparatus and in the shuttle-box of two-way active avoidance learning. The results suggest that the insecticide is involved in alterations occurring in the nervous/endocrine systems of the newborn. PMID- 3248245 TI - Eureka isn't enough. PMID- 3248246 TI - Esthetic partial coverage restorations. PMID- 3248247 TI - [Early arrhythmia following open-heart surgery of congenital heart diseases in infants and children: clinical analysis of 501 cases]. PMID- 3248248 TI - [Isolation and biological study of angiotensin II-like material (LATII-LM) from human leukocytes]. PMID- 3248249 TI - [An X-ray-pathologic correlation of the lung-nodule interface in peripheral lung cancer vs. pulmonary tuberculoma]. PMID- 3248250 TI - [Effects of hyperthermia on granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells and acute myeloblastic leukemia progenitor cells in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3248251 TI - [Effects of mitogen-activated lymphocytes on glomerular polyanion (GPA) in rats]. PMID- 3248252 TI - [Diagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma: correlational study of radiologic fiber esophagoscopic and pathologic findings]. PMID- 3248253 TI - [Protective effects of trans-coronosinal retrograde perfusion on the left and right ventricles: an experimental study]. PMID- 3248254 TI - [The microcomputer in aiding morphometry and analysis of lesions in experimental liver cell carcinoma]. PMID- 3248255 TI - Who me? An editor? PMID- 3248256 TI - Who me? A writer? PMID- 3248257 TI - Oral herpes simplex infections in immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 3248258 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex virus disease. PMID- 3248259 TI - Herpes simplex virus glycoproteins as a human vaccine. PMID- 3248260 TI - Strategies for the chemotherapy of oral herpes. PMID- 3248261 TI - The spectrum of HSV-1 infections in nonimmunosuppressed patients. PMID- 3248262 TI - General anesthetics: volatile and gaseous agents, Part II. PMID- 3248263 TI - Endodontic treatment of a dens in dente: a case report. PMID- 3248264 TI - Use of endosteal implants as orthodontic anchorage. PMID- 3248265 TI - A comparison of the efficacies of Caridex and conventional drills in caries removal. PMID- 3248266 TI - Treatment of a complex periodontal case: a multidisciplinary approach. PMID- 3248267 TI - The choice of a root canal sealer. PMID- 3248268 TI - Induced mucogingival pigmentation (tattoo). PMID- 3248269 TI - A simplified surgical guide stent technique for the reduction of the impinging maxillary tuberosity. PMID- 3248270 TI - Rapid microbiologic tests as an adjunct to the diagnosis of periodontal disease. PMID- 3248271 TI - The direct resin inlay: clinical protocol. PMID- 3248272 TI - Comprehensive charting and follow-up of the periodontally involved patient. PMID- 3248273 TI - Temporization of porcelain laminate veneers. PMID- 3248274 TI - A dispensing system for posterior composite restorations. PMID- 3248275 TI - Treatment of severe extrusion of maxillary posterior teeth with removable partial overdenture. PMID- 3248276 TI - Treatment of oral ulcers with hydroxypropylcellulose film (Zilactin). PMID- 3248278 TI - A voice-input computerized dental examination system using high resolution graphics. PMID- 3248277 TI - Orofacial manifestations of internal malignancies. PMID- 3248279 TI - Nursing caries syndrome: restorative options for primary anterior teeth. PMID- 3248280 TI - The free gingival graft: goals of therapy and technique. PMID- 3248281 TI - Orthodontic movement in the preparation of teeth for porcelain-veneered crowns. PMID- 3248282 TI - Dry mouth and salivary gland hypofunction, Part I: Diagnosis. PMID- 3248283 TI - Oral manifestations in AIDS and HIV-positive patients. PMID- 3248285 TI - What you need to know about computers. PMID- 3248284 TI - Study finds saliva inhibits HIV infectivity. PMID- 3248286 TI - The autonomic nervous system and related drugs in dental practice, Part I: Autonomic function and cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs. PMID- 3248287 TI - The acute primary endodontic cellulitis syndrome: etiologic, pathogenic, and therapeutic factors. PMID- 3248288 TI - Composite resin used with an etched chrome-cobalt bar, Part I. PMID- 3248289 TI - What a wonderful time to be a dentist. PMID- 3248290 TI - General anesthetics: volatile and gaseous agents, Part I. PMID- 3248291 TI - Dry mouth and salivary gland hypofunction, Part III: Treatment. PMID- 3248292 TI - Communication among co-treating dentists. PMID- 3248293 TI - Propranolol and vagal nerve stimulation do not affect postsystolic shortening during acute myocardial ischaemia in the dog. AB - Changes in myocardial segment length (ultrasonic crystals) and myocardial blood flow (15(3) microns microspheres) were studied during 5 min occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery in open chest anaesthetised dogs, and the effects of occlusion without intervention were compared with those of occlusion during bilateral vagal nerve stimulation (n = 11) and occlusion after administration of 1 mg.kg-1 propranolol (n = 9) in the same dogs. Delineation of the perfusion beds of occluded and non-occluded arteries at necropsy verified placement of the crystals at the centres and immediately within the borders of the ischaemic areas. In untreated animals (n = 6) systolic shortening during occlusion decreased by 160(2)% (dyskinesis) in the centre zone and by 61(1)% (hypokinesis) in the border zone of ischaemia, myocardial blood flow decreased by 96(2)% in the centre and 81(2)% at the border, and the changes were reproducible over three successive occlusions. Postsystolic shortening (after peak decline of left ventricular pressure) was reproducible in control animals over three occlusions, was similar in magnitude to the magnitude of dyskinesis (centre zone) or to the degree of hypokinesis (border zone), and persisted after the release of occlusion. Vagal stimulation and propranolol decreased dyskinesis during occlusion but did not affect postsystolic shortening or collateral blood flow within the ischaemic zones. If postsystolic shortening of dyskinetic centre zone segments represents residual active shortening of these segments, as is suggested by other evidence, these results suggest that the oxygen sparing effects for very ischaemic myocardium of vagal stimulation and propranolol do not include a significant reduction in residual active shortening. PMID- 3248294 TI - Effect of packed cell volume on diastolic coronary artery pressure-flow relations in the dog. AB - To elucidate the role of the haemorheological properties of the perfusate in the coronary circulation, the diastolic pressure-flow relation was studied in nine open chest heart blocked dogs with minimal vasomotor tone when blood with various packed cell volumes (12-67%) was used as perfusate. An electrical analogue model with proximal resistance R1, capacitance C, distal resistance R2, and the zero flow pressure intercept Pint was derived from the observation of the pressure flow relation to support the data analysis. The diastolic pressure decay was then determined after the perfusion line had been clamped to calculate stop flow coronary artery pressure (Psf). The stop flow coronary artery pressure decreased in relation to packed cell volume (r = 0.45, p less than 0.01), and the value for the lowest packed cell volume (10-29%) was slightly higher than the great cardiac vein pressure (about 3 mmHg). The zero flow pressure intercept of the steady state pressure-flow relation showed a close correlation with the stop flow coronary artery pressure (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001). The value of R1 + R2, which reflects the inverse of the steady state pressure-flow slope, decreased simultaneously with the packed cell volume (r = 0.62, p less than 0.001). The resistance ratio R2/(R1 + R2) by our model prediction decreased in relation to packed cell volume (r = 0.5, p less than 0.001). The values of stop flow coronary artery pressure, zero flow pressure intercept, and R1 + R2 for the highest packed cell volume (50-69%) were 17.8(1.1) mmHg, 25.1(1.3) mmHg, and 0.48(0.05) mmHg.ml 1.min.100 g-1 respectively, whereas those for the lowest packed cell volume (10 29%) were 13.4(0.8) mmHg, 19.7(1.0) mmHg, and 0.24(0.02) mmHg.ml-1.min.100 g-1. The pressure difference between the stop flow coronary artery pressure and the zero flow pressure intercept may be due to the non-linearity in the pressure-flow relation at a low perfusion pressure. The left ventricular end diastolic pressure and great cardiac vein pressure did not change in relation to the packed cell volume of the coronary perfusate. Thus it is concluded that packed cell volume is one factor determining the high zero flow pressure. PMID- 3248295 TI - Effects of vasoconstrictor agents on flow rate of isolated epicardial coronary artery of humans with various degrees of atherosclerosis and of young pigs. AB - Constriction of epicardial coronary arteries induces severe flow reduction causing myocardial ischaemia in patients with vasospastic angina. Whether such constriction is inherent in coronary arteries in general was determined by perfusing isolated epicardial coronary segments of humans and pigs at a constant perfusion pressure. Mean flow reduction after perfusion with potassium chloride (60 mmol.litre-1), acetylcholine (10(-9)-10(-5) mol.litre-1), and histamine (10( 8)-10(-4) mol.litre-1) was not different between humans and pigs. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha; 3 X 10(-6) mol.litre-1) decreased the flow more substantially in humans (by 74(9)%) than in pigs (by 6(1)%) (p less than 0.01). A pronounced flow reduction to 0 ml.min-1 was observed in eight of 17 human coronary arteries after potassium chloride, histamine, or PGF2 alpha perfusion but in none of the pigs. Histological examination of the coronary arteries showed no atherosclerotic lesions in the pigs but various lesions in humans, ranging from intimal thickening to 96% luminal stenosis in cross sectional area. Flow reduction after PGF2 alpha was significantly greater in human coronary arteries with stenoses greater than 50% (94(4)%) than in those with stenoses less than 25% (55(14)%) (p less than 0.05). Complete cessation of flow was observed more often in the stenotic arteries (greater than 50% stenosis) than in others (p less than 0.05). A substantial reduction in flow, which may cause myocardial ischaemia in vivo, was not seen in normal pig coronary arteries even after strong vasoconstrictor stimuli but was present in human coronary arteries with atherosclerosis. PMID- 3248296 TI - Protein synthesis assessed by ribosome analysis in human papillary muscle in relation to oxidative capacity: a comparison with skeletal muscle. AB - Protein synthesis as assessed by the concentration and size distribution of ribosomes was determined together with citrate synthase activity in papillary muscles obtained at open heart surgery from patients with mitral valve disease. The results were compared with corresponding data from the quadriceps femoris muscle of patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Citrate synthase activity was six times higher in papillary muscle than in skeletal muscle. The total ribosome concentration per mg DNA was similar in the two types of muscle. Compared with skeletal muscle, in papillary muscle polyribosomes constituted a higher proportion of the ribosomes (p less than 0.001), and there was a tendency towards larger polyribosome aggregates. It is proposed that the high concentration of polyribosomes in papillary muscle is related to the high oxidative capacity of that tissue. PMID- 3248297 TI - Depressant effect of acetate in isolated cardiac tissue. AB - Because acetate may have cardiodepressant properties in vitro, but previous studies have not separated out effects of acetate from possible effects of osmolality, sodium concentration, or calcium complexing, the effects of isosmotic acetate substitution (at a constant calcium concentration) on contractility were studied in isolated rat atrial tissue and in an isolated perfused non-working whole heart preparation. In spontaneously contracting right atrial tissue acetate induced dose dependent inhibition of isometric tension in the clinically important dose range of 4 to 16 mmol.litre-1. Bath acetate concentrations of 4, 16, or 64 mmol.litre-1 reduced peak tension (mean(SEM] to 78(2.7)%, 56(2.5)%, or 61(4.6)% respectively of control values. Because the calcium concentrations of the acetate baths were set equal to that of the control bath, calcium complexing by acetate could not have accounted for acetate's cardiodepressant effect. The inhibitory action was demonstrable with both isosmotic and hyperosmotic acetate solutions. Acetate had no effect on the spontaneous rate of atrial contraction. Inhibition of contractility (+dP/dt) by acetate in the whole heart preparation was also demonstrable at bath acetate concentrations of 8 and 16 mmol.litre-1. The results suggest that acetate has a myocardial depressant effect in vitro at concentrations achievable in the plasma during haemodialysis. The myocardial depressant action is not dependent on calcium complexing or on changes in bath osmolality or sodium concentration. PMID- 3248299 TI - Abstracts of a symposium organised by the British Society of Cardiovascular Research. PMID- 3248298 TI - Postnatal DNA synthesis in hearts of mice: autoradiographic and cytofluorometric investigations. AB - Proliferative activity of cardiomyocytes in ICR mice aged from 1 to 200 days old was studied by 3H-thymidine autoradiography. To determine the outcome of cardiomyocytic DNA synthesis, the DNA content of the cardiomyocytic nuclei in different age groups was also examined by a cytofluorometric method. Flash labelling experiments with 3H-thymidine showed that the cardiomyocytes synthesised DNA most actively in the first 14 days after birth; the label was equally distributed in various parts of the heart and seen in about 8.8% of the cardiomyocytic nuclei on the tenth day. Cumulative labelling experiments for seven and 14 days showed that about 90% of the cardiomyocytic nuclei became labelled, indicating that most cardiomyocytic nuclei of young growing mice developed in this period. Twenty days after birth DNA synthesis of the cardiomyocytes rapidly decreased, the label being evident in less than 0.2%. From 100 to 200 days DNA synthesising cardiomyocytes were seen occasionally in the subendocardial region of the left ventricle (labelling index 0.04%). The cytofluorometric study showed that under normal conditions cardiomyocytes in mice contained mostly diploid nuclei, with a few double diploid nuclei considered to be premitotic nuclei. DNA synthesised cardiomyocytes in adult mice hearts usually became binucleated cells. PMID- 3248300 TI - AIDS and AIDS-related complex in twenty Zambians with sickle cell anemia. PMID- 3248301 TI - Glycaemic control of diabetes mellitus in Central Africa. PMID- 3248302 TI - Anthropometric standards of privileged neonates in Maiduguri, Nigeria. PMID- 3248303 TI - Rectal trauma--two case reports. PMID- 3248304 TI - Spirometry in healthy adult males in Botswana. PMID- 3248305 TI - Candida tropicalis skin infection: a follow-up case. PMID- 3248306 TI - Knowledge about AIDS and self-reported sexual behaviour among adults in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. PMID- 3248307 TI - Foley catheter under traction versus extra-amniotic prostaglandin gel in pre treatment of unripe cervix--a randomised controlled trial. PMID- 3248308 TI - Perinatal mortality in Marondera district. PMID- 3248309 TI - Domestic accidents in Chitungwiza. PMID- 3248310 TI - Perceptions of the normal use of alcohol among black Zimbabwean University students. PMID- 3248311 TI - Production of antisera against Campylobacter species in Lagos, Nigeria. PMID- 3248312 TI - Help Hippocrates. PMID- 3248313 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in the human population in Zimbabwe. PMID- 3248314 TI - Lay ownership of dental practices breeds mediocrity. PMID- 3248316 TI - Interferon in the treatment of viral infections of the liver. 24 May 1988. VI Mediterranean Congress of Chemotherapy. Taormina, Italy. Proceedings. PMID- 3248315 TI - The role of tongue retaining device in treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 3248317 TI - Treatment of chronic hepatitis B with a combination of acyclovir and human lymphoblastoid interferon. AB - The possible enhancement effect of acyclovir or its prodrug descyclovir in combination with human lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon) was studied in three trials with a total of 146 patients with chronic hepatitis B; a pilot study (Study 1; n = 12), two randomized controlled studies, one with a combination of descyclovir and interferon (Study 2; n = 36) and the other using acyclovir and interferon (Study 3; n = 98). The results from Study 1 and 2 showed that combination therapy with interferon and acyclovir or descyclovir (n = 25) was associated with a 40% HBe+ seroconversion rate, compared to 30% with interferon treatment alone (n = 10), 18% with acyclovir alone (n = 11) and 0% with no treatment (n = 18). Preliminary results from Study 3 on rate of HBe seroconversion are similar to previous studies. Antiviral therapy with interferon and acyclovir or its prodrug, have resulted in significantly enhanced HBe seroconversion. The intravenous acyclovir component of combination therapy is however cumbersome and research should be directed towards finding an oral anti hepatitis drug. PMID- 3248318 TI - Combination treatment of wellferon and zidovudine in asymptomatic HIV p24 Ag positive patients. PMID- 3248319 TI - Human lymphoblastoid interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. AB - alpha-Interferon and beta-interferon have been used therapeutically in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for more than a decade. It is now clear that alpha-interferons are an effective therapy for a proportion of chronic HBV carriers. A course of at least three, and possibly as long as 4 months is required at a dose of 5-10 MU three times a week. Those responding to therapy usually develop a marked hepatitis in the second and third months of therapy, which precedes permanent loss of markers of viral replication. In a proportion of patients, not only are HBe antigen and HBV DNA cleared from serum, but HBsAg may also be cleared, albeit over a longer time course; anti-HBs develops in a few of these patients. Although close to being an established form of therapy for chronic HBV infection, the responsive subgroups remain to be defined. Studies over the next few years will be directed at identifying those groups responsive, or not responsive, to alpha-interferons and thereafter seeking other antiviral agents that could be used in combination with alpha-interferon to augment the response rate. PMID- 3248320 TI - Neonatal herpes. PMID- 3248321 TI - Sero-negative rheumatoid arthritis in haemoglobin E thalassaemia. PMID- 3248322 TI - The alpha thalassaemic syndrome of Hb H disease in a Sri Lankan family. PMID- 3248323 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis following paraquat poisoning. PMID- 3248324 TI - [The care of patients with basilar invagination]. PMID- 3248325 TI - [Nursing care of patients with basicranial fracture combined with leakage of the CSF]. PMID- 3248326 TI - [Monitoring intracranial pressure in patients with serious craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 3248327 TI - [Vaccination with HB vaccine to prevent transmission of hepatitis B between mother and infant]. PMID- 3248328 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the iodine sensitivity test with 2 concentrations of iodine solution]. PMID- 3248329 TI - [Therapeutic effect of berberine on 60 patients with type II diabetes mellitus and experimental research]. PMID- 3248330 TI - [Abnormal psychiatric state of qi-gong deviation]. PMID- 3248331 TI - [Use of the autonomic function test to increase the effectiveness of treating according to syndrome differentiation in chronic active viral hepatitis using traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 3248332 TI - [Observation on trace elements in anorexia in children]. PMID- 3248333 TI - [Effect of sapogenins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng on migraine]. PMID- 3248334 TI - [Relations of the "three regions, nine subdivisions" sphygmograms and the differentiation of symptom-complexes in traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 3248335 TI - [The effect of "SRRS" recipe on the formation of liver cancer in the rat]. PMID- 3248336 TI - [Effects of Cistanche deserticola on immune function in mice]. PMID- 3248337 TI - [Evaluation of the curative effect of stasis-removing therapy during acute attack of cor pulmonale by means of principal component analysis]. PMID- 3248338 TI - [Factorial analysis on artificial termination of pregnancy using trichosanthin]. PMID- 3248339 TI - [Treatment of chronic non-specific colitis using Chinese herbal medicine and determination of plasma fibronectin]. PMID- 3248340 TI - [Treatment of hyperlipemia with evening primrose oil capsules]. PMID- 3248341 TI - [Meniere's disease treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine]. PMID- 3248342 TI - [Immunomodulatory effect of ginsenoside on cell-mediated immunity with operative stress in the mouse]. PMID- 3248343 TI - [Exploration of the relation of kidney deficiency, erythrocyte immune action and complex release activity of complement]. PMID- 3248344 TI - [Characteristics of cardiac function and the effect of shengmai injection on qi deficiency and qi-yin deficiency in patients with coronary heart disease]. PMID- 3248345 TI - [Ultrastructure of the gastric mucosa and trace elements in gastropathic patients with spleen deficiency syndrome and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3248346 TI - [Syndrome differentiation-typing in traditional Chinese medicine of peptic ulcer in relation to gastric acid, gastrin and cyclonucleotide]. PMID- 3248347 TI - [Preliminary study on the relation of yin deficiency, yang deficiency in chronic pharyngitis and the functioning of vegetative nervous system]. PMID- 3248348 TI - [Experimental study on the effect of sodium ferulate in protecting acute oxygen intoxication and lipid peroxidation]. PMID- 3248349 TI - [Standards in the differentiation of the symptom-complex in liver yang exuberance syndrome]. PMID- 3248350 TI - [Application of infrared thermal imaging technics in clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 3248351 TI - Positive and negative feed-back effect of progesterone on luteinizing hormone secretion in post-menopausal women. AB - Progesterone is known to exert a biphasic feedback effect on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in animals and it has been demonstrated that this effect is dependent upon both duration of exposure to progesterone and the dose administered. In this paper we sought to determine whether a similar biphasic effect exists in humans. The pattern of LH secretion was assessed in six healthy oestrogen treated post-menopausal women before and after they were given progesterone (50 mg/day) for 1 and 7 days. Progesterone treatment for 1 day resulted in a significant elevation in the basal serum LH concentration and in individual LH pulse amplitude with no change in LH pulse frequency. In contrast, progesterone treatment for 7 days increased LH pulse amplitude with no change in basal serum LH concentrations and a significant reduction in LH pulse frequency. We concluded that firstly, progesterone does exert a biphasic feedback effect on LH secretion and that the nature of this effect is determined by the duration of exposure to the progesterone stimulus. Secondly, as LH pulsatility has been shown to be an accurate indicator of GnRH pulsatility, that the reduction in LH pulse frequency after a long exposure to progesterone is due to a hypothalamic effect of progesterone whereas the positive feedback effect may be the result of a pituitary or hypothalamic action. PMID- 3248352 TI - Growth hormone facilitates ovulation induction by gonadotrophins. AB - The addition of biosynthetic human growth hormone (GH) to treatment with human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) significantly augmented the ovarian response in four patients treated for in-vivo and three patients treated for in-vitro fertilization who had previously been resistant to hMG. The amount, duration of treatment and daily effective dose of hMG were all reduced by growth hormone. This action of growth hormone offers a new approach to ovulation induction. PMID- 3248353 TI - Growth hormone secretion in children determined by time series analysis. AB - Mid childhood growth has been studied in 26 short children (18M;8F) aged between 5.2 and 11.9 years growing with height velocity standard deviation score (SDS) between 0 and -0.8 and 24 short children (17M;7F) growing with height velocity SDS less than 0.8. Twenty-four hour GH profiles were analysed by an iterative method of pulse detection and subjected to time series analysis to determine dominant periodicity within the data arrays. Children aged less than 7 years displayed no dominant periodicity but after this age a periodicity of 200 min emerged. In the whole sample, differences between growth rate could be explained entirely by pulse amplitude. Nevertheless, the normal decline in height velocity over this age period occurred despite a significant shift in periodicity and an increase in GH pulse amplitude. This modulation of childhood growth by GH pulse amplitude persisted into puberty and the pubertal growth spurt of 14 tall girls was shown to be amplitude modulated with the periodicity unchanged. We conclude that mid childhood and pubertal growth is GH pulse amplitude modulated with a periodicity of approximately 200 min. PMID- 3248355 TI - Anomalies in the assay of parathyroid hormone in normocalcaemic patients with renal stone disease. AB - A group of 22 normocalcaemic patients with renal stone disease were retrospectively studied using seven different immunoassays for parathyroid hormone (PTH). N-terminal immunoradiometric assays and an intact hormone immunochemiluminometric assay sometimes gave results which fell above the normal range. These results were at variance with values obtained in three region specific radioimmunoassays and an immunoradiometric assay for the intact hormone. Since these atypical samples contained normal levels of biologically active PTH the elevated immunoassay results were not thought to relate to the normal circulating hormone but rather to interference in the immunometric assays. The interfering substance was thought to be a large molecule which could not be removed by charcoal and did not dilute out in parallel to the PTH standard curve. PMID- 3248354 TI - Growth and growth hormone responses to oxandrolone in boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP). AB - Thirteen boys with constitutional delay in growth and/or development aged 7.6 to 16 years received 2.5 mg/day of oxandrolone for 3 months. Their growth response on treatment and in the subsequent 3 months was compared to that of 14 age matched untreated controls. Growth rates were analysed in groups arbitrarily defined by testicular volume at entry (less than 4 ml prepubertal, greater than 4 ml pubertal). Growth velocities increased on oxandrolone (prepubertal, mean 4.4 to 7.5 cm/year, P = 0.05: pubertal, mean 4.7 to 8 cm/year, P less than 0.05). Over the next 3 months, the pubertal boys grew at 9.3 cm/year, while the prepubertal group decelerated to 6.2 cm/year. Both control groups showed no significant change in velocity over 6 months. GH responses to arginine and GRF, and to sleep in prepubertal boys, were unchanged throughout the study. However, in pubertal boys the mean GH levels ('area under the curve') during sleep at 3 and 6 months, had increased over baseline values, associated with a significant increase at 6 months in basal somatomedin-C (140 to 214 ng/ml, P less than 0.05). Oxandrolone does not alter the GH status of prepubertal boys, and thus probably promotes growth by a direct action at the growth plate. In contrast, the persistent growth acceleration of pubertal boys may be associated with increased GH and somatomedin-C levels: in this group, oxandrolone has proved a useful stimulus to growth. PMID- 3248357 TI - Gynaecology in the elderly. PMID- 3248356 TI - Circulating bradykinin-like immunoreactivity and the pentagastrin-induced carcinoid flush. AB - Bradykinin and structurally related peptides are potent vasodilators and a role for these kinins in the aetiology of the carcinoid flush has been proposed. Using an antiserum directed against the COOH-terminal region of bradykinin in radioimmunoassay, the concentrations of bradykinin-like immunoreactivity in extracts of peripheral blood were compared in patients with carcinoid syndrome (n = 11) and healthy subjects (n = 6). In the fasted state, the concentrations of bradykinin-like immunoreactivity in the patients (10 +/- 5 ng/l) were not significantly different from the concentrations in healthy subjects (6 +/- 3 ng/l). An intravenous injection of pentagastrin (0.6 micrograms/kg) provoked a flush of differing degrees of severity in all patients. In four patients, the flush was concurrent with large rises (277-, 26-, 11- and 10-fold over mean basal values) in bradykinin-like immunoreactivity that was resolved by high performance liquid chromatography into lysyl-bradykinin and bradykinin (approximate ratio 1:2). In two patients, small rises in immunoreactivity (2.4- and 1.7-fold) occurred after the flush and in the remaining five patients no rise in bradykinin like immunoreactivity was measured. In the healthy subjects, the pentagastrin injection did not provoke a flush and no rises in bradykinin-like immunoreactivity were observed. The data support earlier results obtained using bioassays that the carcinoid flush in some patients is associated with the appearance in blood of bradykinin-related peptides. It has been shown, however, that these kinins cannot be the sole causative agent of the flush. It is suggested, therefore, that the aetiology of the flush is probably multi factorial. PMID- 3248358 TI - Dental prevention: the oral prophylaxis. PMID- 3248359 TI - Attitudes of general practitioners towards fissure sealant use. PMID- 3248360 TI - A comparison of plaque reaccumulation and patient acceptance using a conventional toothbrush and a newly designed toothbrush. PMID- 3248361 TI - The capacity of a new dentifrice to prevent and remove extrinsic tooth discoloration. A clinical study. PMID- 3248362 TI - Use of an adjunct systemic chemotherapeutic agent for the control of periodontal disease. PMID- 3248363 TI - Craniomandibular disorders: exam and data collection. PMID- 3248364 TI - The effect of an aminefluoride-stannous fluoride-containing mouthrinse on enamel surface free energy and the development of plaque and gingivitis. PMID- 3248365 TI - Somatomedin-C/IGF-I measured by radioimmunoassay and somatomedin bioactivity in adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes compared with puberty matched controls. AB - Plasma concentrations of insulin like growth factor-I in the adolescent diabetic remain controversial. IGF-I levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in 81 insulin dependent adolescent diabetics (49 boys and 32 girls) and compared with 75 puberty stage matched normal controls. Plasma somatomedin bioactivity was determined by cartilage bioassay in a smaller group of 10 normal and 25 diabetic subjects. IGF-I concentrations increased in the normals during puberty and there were no observed differences between the sexes. (P1, 0.77 +/- 0.08; P2, 1.33 +/- 0.2; P3, 1.59 +/- 0.16; P4, 1.76 +/- 0.16; P5, 2.24 +/- 0.09). IGF-I also increased in the diabetics reaching a peak level at stage three in both girls and boys. Combining the data from both sexes the diabetics had significantly lower levels of IGF-I compared to controls at stages; (P1, 0.67 +/- 0.05, ns. P2, 0.92 +/- 0.1, p less than 0.05; P3, 1.16 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.01; P4, 0.73 +/- 0.11, p less than 0.001; P5, 1.13 +/- 0.11, p less than 0.001). Plasma somatomedin bioactivity was elevated in the normals but inhibitory responses were observed in all but two of the diabetic subjects, highlighting the presence of inhibitory factors in diabetic plasma. HbA1C levels rose in the diabetics during puberty, however using covariance analysis there was no relationship between IGF I and HbA1C when changes relating to puberty were excluded. The importance of controlling for pubertal stage as opposed to age is noted when assessing IGF-I status in the diabetic adolescent. PMID- 3248366 TI - Purification and characterization of intestinal alkaline phosphatase from harp seal. AB - 1. Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1.) from harp seal (Phagophilus groenlandicus) has been purified by concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography to homogeneity with a specific activity of 1200-1500 units/mg of protein. 2. The mol. wt of the enzyme and its subunits were estimated as 260,000 and 70,000, respectively. By chromatofocusing the isoelectric point of this enzyme is 5.5. 3. With p nitrophenylphosphate, pH-optimum and KM for the enzyme are 9.8 and 0.9 mM, respectively. 4. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by Sn4+, Fe3+ and Zn2+, whereas Mg2+ and Mn2+ were effective activators of the enzyme. Seal alkaline phosphatase was slightly inhibited by high concentrations of Ca2+ and Cr3+. 5. The enzyme activity reached a maximum at 55-60 degrees C. It was shown that the heat stability of seal and calf intestinal alkaline phosphatases were equal at 37 and 56 degrees C. PMID- 3248367 TI - Pyridoxamine (pyridoxine) phosphate oxidase activity in mammalian tissues. AB - 1. Vitamin B6-sufficient rats had moderate pyridoxamine-P oxidase specific activities in heart, brain, kidney and liver, but no detectable activity in skeletal muscle. Vitamin B6-deficiency in rats resulted in a decreased oxidase activity in liver but no change in the activities in other tissues. 2. The pyridoxamine-P oxidase activity in vitamin B6-sufficient mice was high in liver, moderate in brain and kidney, and not measurable in skeletal muscle and heart. Vitamin B6-deficient, compared with control mice, had decreased oxidase activities in brain, kidney and liver. 3. Mouse erythrocytes took up pyridoxine more rapidly than did rat and human erythrocytes. 4. Mouse and human erythrocytes rapidly converted pyridoxine to pyridoxal-P. Rat, hamster and rabbit erythrocytes had appreciably lower pyridoxamine-P oxidase activity than did mouse and human erythrocytes. PMID- 3248368 TI - The homology between the serum proteins PO2 in pig, Xk in horse and alpha 1B glycoprotein in human. AB - 1. Pig serum Po2 protein and horse Xk protein were purified by FPLC, non denaturing 2D agarose-PAGE and 2D IPG-PAGE. 2. The separated fractions were electroblotted to poly(4-vinyl-N-methylpyridinium iodide) coated GF/C glass fiber sheets. 3. The partial amino acid sequences and amino acid compositions of different genetic variants of the proteins were determined. 4. The results proved that previously reported polymorphic serum post-albumins in each of these species were homologous to human plasma alpha 1B-glycoprotein. PMID- 3248369 TI - Generation of multiple troponin T isoforms is a common feature of the muscles in various chordate animals. AB - 1. Troponin T (TNT) expressed in various vertebrate skeletal and ascidian smooth muscles was examined by two-dimensional electrophoresis in combination with immunoblotting. 2. A monoclonal anti-TNT antibody, NT-302, exhibited binding ability to various TNT variants in the vertebrate and protochordate animals. 3. TNT isoform pattern differed among the animals, but the existence of multiple TNT isoforms in a single muscle tissue was the general feature of all the animals examined. PMID- 3248370 TI - Indirect tissue electrophoresis: a new method for analyzing solid tissue protein. AB - 1. The eye lens core (nucleus) has been a valuable source of molecular biologic information. 2. In these studies, lens nuclei are usually homogenized so that any protein information related to anatomical subdivisions, or layers, of the nucleus is lost. 3. The present report is of a new method, indirect tissue electrophoresis (ITE), which, when applied to fish lens nuclei, permitted (a) automatic correlation of protein information with anatomic layer, (b) production of large, clear electrophoretic patterns even from small tissue samples and (c) detection of more proteins than in liquid extracts of homogenized tissues. 4. ITE seems potentially applicable to a variety of solid tissues. PMID- 3248371 TI - Multiple molecular forms of Acanthamoeba lactic dehydrogenase. AB - 1. Acanthamoeba lactic dehydrogenase (D-lactate specific, EC 1.1.1.28) has been studied through the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and isoelectric focusing (PAGIEF). 2. Data from PAGE showed the presence of only a single macromolecular form of the enzyme in trophozoites, but PAGIEF data demonstrated that at least three LDH species occur. 3. Molecular weight determinations indicated a tetrameric assembly state for the enzyme. 4. Multiple molecular forms of the enzyme (isoenzymes) are encoded either by genes at two loci or by two alleles at a single LDH locus. PMID- 3248372 TI - Subunit dissociation and denaturation of Fasciolaria tulipa hemocyanin. AB - 1. The hemocyanin from the marine snail, Fasciolaria tulipa has a molecular weight of 8.6 +/- 0.6 x 10(6) determined by light-scattering and a sedimentation constant of (105.9 +/- 1.1)S. 2. The dissociated subunits at pH 11 and in 8.0 M urea (pH 7.4) had molecular weights of 4.4 x 10(5) and 4.7 x 10(5), close to one twentieth of the parent didecameric assembly. 3. The pH dependence of the molecular weight profile exhibited bell-shaped transitions in both the presence and absence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. In the physiological pH range of about 7.5-8.2 in divalent ion-containing buffers neither the molecular weight behavior nor the sedimentation patterns suggest any significant dissociation. 4. Both the urea and the Hofmeister salt series were found to dissociate the didecameric hemocyanin assembly. The ureas exhibit increasing effectiveness as dissociating agents with the higher alkyl substituted members of the series, suggesting hydrophobic stabilization of the subunit assembly. 5. Denaturation of the hemocyanin subunits by the urea series follows the same trend in effectiveness as the dissociation reaction; the reagent concentrations required to cause unfolding of the globular domains of the hemocyanin chains were, however, much higher than those needed for dissociation. PMID- 3248373 TI - Fatty acid components of larval Ostrea edulis (L.): importance of triacylglycerols as a fatty acid reserve. AB - 1. The fatty acid profiles of all of the acyl-lipid classes of 1- and 10-day-old European oyster Ostrea edulis (L.) larvae were studied in detail by capillary gas liquid chromatography. 2. No significant changes in the fatty acids were detected between the different larval stages. 3. Total lipid fatty acids showed a higher degree of unsaturation than previously reported. This may be a consequence of the extraction of lipids from the living tissues without sample storage. 4. One-third of the triacylglycerol fatty acids were polyunsaturated. In agreement with the importance of triacylglycerols in lipids of bivalve larvae, it is suggested that this lipid fraction may act as a temporary reservoir of physiologically-important polyunsaturated fatty acids. 5. Free fatty acids and fatty acids from the minor lipid classes are discussed in terms of their possible origin and physiological significances. PMID- 3248374 TI - Polyamines and cell proliferation in the sea star Pycnopodia helianthoides. AB - 1. Diamines (putrescine and cadaverine) and polyamines (spermidine and spermine) were extracted from tissues of the sea star Pycnopodia helianthoides, separated and quantitated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC). Simultaneous measurements of levels of protein and DNA and rates of incorporation of 14C-thymidine were carried out. 2. The most abundant polyamine in tissues was spermidine (0.3873-2.5282 nmol/mg tissue) followed by spermine (0.103-1.5517 nmol/mg tissue), putrescine (0.2096-0.5322 nmol/mg tissue) and cadaverine (0.022-0.6064 nmol/mg tissue). 3. An unknown molecule with derivatization and elution behaviour similar to that of polyamine standards was detected in all tissues. 4. Protein levels ranged from 20.47 mg/g tissue in the body wall to 48.44 mg/g tissue in the pyloric caecum. 5. DNA levels were lowest in the ovary (0.25 mg/g tissue) and highest in the testis (5.62 mg/g tissue). 6. Incorporation of 14C-thymidine was highest in the testis. Testicular tissue had the highest spermidine/spermine ratio (5.4). A significant correlation between the spermidine/spermine ratio and 14C-thymidine incorporation (expressed either as DPM/g tissue or DPM/mg protein) suggests that polyamines are implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation in the sea star P. helianthoides. PMID- 3248375 TI - Segregation and transmission of chromosomes from a reciprocal translocation in Gallus domesticus cockerels. AB - Segregation behavior of a reciprocal translocation involving the long arm of chromosome No. 1 and a microchromosome was studied in secondary spermatocytes and embryos produced by heterozygous cockerels. The types and frequencies of the various balanced and unbalanced chromosome complements were determined. Complementary products of segregation did not occur in the expected ratios of 1:1 in secondary spermatocytes. The excess of spermatocytes with deficiency of the long arm and duplication of the short arm might be the result of lagging of the long arm at meiosis I, the centromere of the long arm being derived from a microchromosome. In the samples of secondary spermatocytes and embryos 52.5% and 49.6%, respectively, contained balanced chromosome complements. A significantly higher proportion of duplications and deletions of the long arm was seen in embryos than in secondary spermatocytes. Conversely, a lower proportion of duplications and deletions of the short arm was seen in embryos than in secondary spermatocytes. Apparently, spermatogenic cells bearing different unbalanced genomic contents are not equally viable or fertile. PMID- 3248376 TI - Chromosomal localization of satellite DNA sequences among 22 species of felids and canids (Carnivora). AB - In situ hybridization was carried out using cloned satellite DNAs from the domestic cat and domestic dog as probes to metaphase chromosomes from 12 species of felids and 10 species of canids. Autoradiographic silver grains along metaphase chromosomes were counted and analyzed with regard to the mean number of grains per cell in each species, their chromosomal location, and their presence or absence on specific autosomes or sex chromosomes, where known. Among the felids and canids there was a 7.6- and 8.9-fold statistically significant difference, respectively, in the mean number of grains per cell between the species having the minimum and maximum values. Among the felids, most grains occurred on the telomeres of D- and E-group chromosomes, although departures from this general pattern also occurred. For example, the Asian golden cat and the Bornean bay cat showed substantial labeling at the centromeric region of chromosome A1, and a number of species showed some labeling at the short-arm telomeres of B-group chromosomes. Among the canids, about 90% of all grains were located at autosomal centromeres, and grains were absent from the sex chromosomes. Grains are usually distributed at chromosomal locations that stain C band positive; however, certain C-band-positive regions without grains probably do not contain the particular satellites studied here. PMID- 3248377 TI - Evolution of heterochromatin-associated satellite DNA loci in felids and canids (Carnivora). AB - Cloned satellite DNAs that hybridize primarily to C-band-positive regions of felid and canid chromosomes were used to probe the organization of satellite families in the genomes of 16 species of felids and 15 species of canids. Southern-blot and quantitative dot-blot experiments demonstrated that satellite families within the great cats (panthera lineage) vary considerably in regard to amount and/or sequence mismatch and vary some-what in regard to restriction patterns. Satellite families within the canids appeared to be more uniform in regard to both amount/sequence and restriction patterns, although some canid species did differ significantly from the consensus in both respects. Even though intrafamilial satellite restriction patterns were generally similar, every species could be shown to have a unique, characteristic pattern. PMID- 3248378 TI - Karyotype evolution in the bone marrow of a patient with Fanconi anemia: breakpoints in clonal anomalies of this disease. AB - A 21-year-old Fanconi anemia patient developed refractory anemia. Laboratory studies revealed a transitory increased platelet count and a typical del(5q). Bone marrow karyotyping showed a -6, +der(6)t(1;6)(q12;p25) rearrangement and, two years later, a mosaic -6, +der(6),t(1:6)(q12;p25)/-2, +der 2), t(1;2)(q12;q37) constitution. The chromosome mechanism operating in this patient is discussed. PMID- 3248379 TI - Sexual immaturity and maternal age: incidence of aneuploidy and polyploidy in first-cleavage mouse embryos. AB - The influence of maternal age on the incidence of aneuploidy and polyploidy was studied, using C57Bl/6J X CBA/Ca hybrid mice, including immature females, as gamete donors. The age of the females ranged from 3.5-4 wk (immature or prepubertal), to 10-12 wk (young adults), to 24-28 wk (aged females). Ovulation was induced with gonadotrophins, and the differential condensation of paternal and maternal chromosomes was used to elucidate the origin of chromosome abnormalities in first-division metaphase plates. The results indicated a high incidence of aneuploid oocytes in immature and older female mice, as compared to young adult females. Eggs of immature female mice underwent polyspermic fertilization more often than those of young adults and older females, and the production of diploid oocytes was more frequent in immature females than in the other age groups. PMID- 3248381 TI - Nondisjunction reduplication of chromosome 3 is not a common mechanism in the development of human renal cell tumors. AB - Because of the recurrent loss of regions of the chromosome 3 short arm in renal cell carcinomas, a chromosomal mechanism for the expression of recessive cancer genes has been implicated in the development of this type of tumor. Nondisjunction and subsequent reduplication of a mutant chromosome is one of the presumed mitotic mechanisms leading to the expression of recessive cancer genes. Using variant fluorescence at the centromeric region of chromosome 3 and a restriction fragment length polymorphism on chromosome 3p, we found chromosome 3 heteromorphism in the constitutional cells of 14 of 15 patients with renal tumors showing two normal chromosomes 3. This heteromorphism was maintained in each tumor. Therefore, the mechanism of nondisjunction and reduplication in the development of homozygosity for a mutant chromosome 3 in renal tumors remains questionable. PMID- 3248380 TI - Regional localization of the fibronectin and gamma crystallin genes to mouse chromosome 1 by in situ hybridization. AB - Genes for fibronectin, gamma crystallin, and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 are syntenic in mouse, man, and cow. In an effort to physically locate this conserved chromosome region in the genomes of the respective species, we have localized the fibronectin and gamma crystallin genes to mouse chromosome 1, region C1-5 by in situ hybridization. In situ hybridization was conducted on metaphase chromosomes of bone marrow preparations of Rb 1.7 mice. These cells contain Robertsonian translocated chromosomes 1 and 7 as the only submetacentric chromosome in an otherwise acrocentric genome. Physically mapping these genes to mouse chromosome 1 now enables comparisons of the genetic map and the physical map on the proximal half of this chromosome. Genes in this conserved region of mouse chromosome 1 are also involved in resistance to intracellular pathogens, and the chromosomal localization of this region may facilitate the identification of homologous genes in other species. PMID- 3248382 TI - Confirmation of avian sex-chromosome linkage of liver cytosolic aconitase (ACO1). AB - Frequencies of liver cytosolic aconitase (ACO1) allozyme phenotypes in female zebra finches (Poephila guttata) conformed to a sex-chromosome-linked model of inheritance. Since birds are characterized by female heterogamety (ZZ males, ZW females), the observed absence of female heterozygotes for the cytosolic aconitase gene is interpreted as suggesting linkage of the ACO1 locus to the Z chromosome and hemizygous expression of this locus. Confirmation of this linkage assignment provides further support for the concept of evolutionary conservation of the avian Z chromosome. PMID- 3248383 TI - Genetic complementation analysis of ataxia telangiectasia and Nijmegen breakage syndrome: a survey of 50 patients. AB - Cultured cells from patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) or Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation. After radiation exposure, the rate of DNA replication is inhibited to a lesser extent than in normal cells, whereas the frequency of chromosomal aberrations is enhanced. Both of these features have been used in genetic complementation studies on a limited series of patients. Here we report the results of extended complementation studies on fibroblast strains from 50 patients from widely different origins, using the radioresistant DNA replication characteristic as a marker. Six different genetic complementation groups were identified. Four of these, called AB, C, D, and E (of which AB is the largest), represent patients with clinical signs of AT. Patients having NBS fall into two groups, V1 and V2. An individual with clinical symptoms of both AT and NBS was found in group V2, indicating that the two disorders are closely related. In AT, any group-specific patterns with respect to clinical characteristics or ethnic origin were not apparent. In addition to the radiosensitive ATs, a separate category of patients exists, characterized by a relatively mild clinical course and weak radiosensitivity. It is concluded that a defect in one of at least six different genes may underlie inherited radiosensitivity in humans. To facilitate research on defined defects, a complete list of genetically characterized fibroblast strains is presented. PMID- 3248384 TI - Congenital chromosome breakage clusters within Giemsa-light bands and identifies sites of chromatin instability. AB - Analysis of the distribution of published chromosome breaks in cells with constitutional chromosome aberrations showed a nonrandom distribution of breaks among chromosomes and chromosome regions. A significant amount of breakage occurred at Giemsa-negative bands. In addition, chromosome sites associated with a number of fragile sites and cellular oncogene sites were affected nonrandomly. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that chromosome breakage occurs in somatic or germ cells as a result of recombinational errors involving actively transcribing chromatin regions or regions of unstable DNA sequence structure placed in proximity during interphase. PMID- 3248385 TI - Banding studies in Cricetulus griseus Milne-Edwards, 1867. I. High-resolution banded karyotypes from primary cultures. AB - Representative R- and G-banded karyotypes of Cricetulus griseus and an idiogram based on the banding patterns at the 575-band stage are presented. PMID- 3248386 TI - Mapping studies and expression of genes located on human chromosome 11, band q23. AB - Chromosome translocations and deletions may alter cellular proto-oncogenes and result in cellular changes that are important in the pathogenesis of malignancy. The region 11q23 is frequently involved in human malignancy. Utilizing a leukemic cell line with a reciprocal translocation involving 11q23 and somatic cell hybrids derived from this cell line, we analyzed five genes assigned to 11q23: NCAM, CD3D, CD3E, THY1, and ETS1. Our data showed no evidence of direct involvement of these genes in this leukemia but enabled a partial genetic map of this important region of the human genome to be constructed: 11cen--NCAM--CD3([G, D], E)--parallel--(ETS1, THY1)--11qter. PMID- 3248387 TI - Pachytene pairing in relation to sperm and oocyte numbers in a male-fertile reciprocal translocation in the mouse. AB - In adult males carrying the male-fertile reciprocal translocation T(2;4)13H, body weights, testis weights, and sperm counts were higher in heterozygotes than in homozygotes. Heterozygotes whose mothers were C3H/He exceeded their reciprocal counterparts in the same criteria. At 3-4 days of age, no significant differences between homozygous and heterozygous females were found in body weight, ovarian volume, or oocyte numbers, although mean oocyte volumes were somewhat larger in heterozygotes than in homozygotes. In homozygous males and females the synaptonemal complexes of rearranged chromosomes appeared as bivalents that were indistinguishable from normal bivalents. In most gametocytes of heterozygotes, the translocation was present in the form of a quadrivalent. The degree of pairing failure was greater in oocytes than in spermatocytes. Terminal asynapsis of quadrivalents was very rare in spermatocytes, but it affected one quarter of the oocytes. Only very few translocation configurations were associated with the XY bivalent. It is concluded that the number of sperm produced in male heterozygotes can match the general increase in vigor by the formation of a high level of fully paired quadrivalents, whereas a greater degree of terminal asynapsis in the quadrivalents of oocytes may indicate a slightly more deleterious effect of this translocation on oogenesis. PMID- 3248388 TI - Karyotypic rearrangements in 20 uterine leiomyomas. AB - Short-term cultures from 106 uterine leiomyomas have been cytogenetically investigated. In 29 cases the number of metaphases was insufficient for analysis. A normal female karyotype was found in 57 tumors and clonal chromosome rearrangements in 20. A reciprocal translocation, t(12;14) (q14----q15;q23--- q24), was observed in 10 tumors and probably represents a primary change of tumorigenic importance. In four of the tumors containing this specific anomaly, secondary chromosome changes were also present. The 10 karyotypically abnormal leiomyomas without a t(12;14) had various structural and numerical aberrations involving chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 19. Different structural changes of chromosome 1 were the second most frequent abnormalities, being found in five tumors. Ring chromosomes were observed in three cases, but never as the sole change. PMID- 3248389 TI - In situ hybridization of two cloned chromosome 7 sequences tightly linked to the cystic fibrosis locus. AB - Two DNA sequences closely linked to the cystic fibrosis locus have been sublocalized to 7q31.3----q32 by in situ hybridization. These findings are consistent with previously published maps of that region of human chromosome 7. The cystic fibrosis locus therefore maps to the 7q31.3----q32 region, a more distal location that had been inferred from previous data. PMID- 3248390 TI - Allocation of a transgenic c-myc integration site to mouse chromosome 8B3-C1. AB - A recombinant plasmid containing the mouse c-myc gene was injected into mouse pronuclei. The transgenic line 478 contains about 100 copies of the transgene integrated into one chromosome site. By in situ hybridization, the integration site was localized to chromosome 8B3-C1. PMID- 3248391 TI - Swallowing after unilateral stroke of the cerebral cortex: preliminary experience. PMID- 3248392 TI - Bolus propulsive activity of the tongue in dysphagic cancer patients. PMID- 3248393 TI - Interobserver variability in cineradiographic assessment of pharyngeal function during swallow. PMID- 3248394 TI - [Iron and manganese content determination by the method of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy in hard tissues of teeth in children exposed to the action of toxic substances emitted by a zinc and lead metallurgy plant]. PMID- 3248395 TI - [Symptoms of motor system diseases in Polish stomatologists]. PMID- 3248396 TI - [Correlations between harmful environmental factors in the working place and periodontal diseases in workers in certain parts of a furniture factory]. PMID- 3248397 TI - [Periodontal treatment needs in selected group of adults, as assessed with CPITN]. PMID- 3248398 TI - [Serum electrolyte levels in workers of a coke-chemical factory with periodontal diseases ]. PMID- 3248399 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the effects of the Mentadont C toothpaste in patients with periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3248400 TI - [Prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents in Poland and the realization of the health goals of the WHO. I. Evaluation of the present epidemiological situation]. PMID- 3248401 TI - [Central teeth]. PMID- 3248402 TI - [Caries prevention in children and youngsters in Poland and the realization of WHO health goals. 2. Evaluation of the realization of the Polish Prevention Program]. PMID- 3248403 TI - [Late clinical and radiological assessment of the selected methods of antiseptic treatment of root canals]. PMID- 3248404 TI - [The feeling of psychological stress in the stomatological profession]. PMID- 3248405 TI - [Prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents in Poland and the realization of WHO health goals. 3. Polish prognosis up to 2000]. PMID- 3248406 TI - [Assessment of rat subcutaneous tissue reaction to Salwizol]. PMID- 3248408 TI - [Fluorine content of the superficial enamel layer after application in vitro of pastes with varying concentrations of Na2PO3F or NaF]. PMID- 3248407 TI - [Incidence of enamel hypoplasia in permanent teeth in children from the elementary schools in Lublin]. PMID- 3248409 TI - [The condition of the periodontium in workers of the cement plant in Chelm]. PMID- 3248410 TI - [Health behavior of stomatologists in Poland]. PMID- 3248411 TI - [Assessment of dental arch contact in children without malocclusion aged 3 years]. PMID- 3248412 TI - [Reduction of mandibular dental arch in the treatment of patients with cleft primary and secondary palate]. PMID- 3248413 TI - [Auditory pathology of dental origin]. PMID- 3248414 TI - [Apex locators: the Set Locator]. PMID- 3248415 TI - [Implantology]. PMID- 3248416 TI - [Reading mandibular movements with an optical-electronic system: study of the Visitrainer 3]. PMID- 3248417 TI - [A new thermal instrument in dentistry. The impulsional plasma microtorch]. PMID- 3248418 TI - [Computer assisted choice of anterior teeth for complete dentures]. PMID- 3248419 TI - [Unit equipment]. PMID- 3248420 TI - [Scanning electron microscope study of surface conditions after chemo-mechanical treatment]. PMID- 3248421 TI - [The impact of new technologies on the dental profession]. PMID- 3248422 TI - [Electrosurgery. Principles and applications in dentistry]. PMID- 3248423 TI - [Salivary estradiol testosterone and progesterone levels in women with normal cycles and in pregnancy]. PMID- 3248424 TI - [Concentration of steroid hormones in the ovarian vein and peripheral blood and the influence of ovariectomy on postmenopausal women]. PMID- 3248425 TI - [Clinical use of 7 methods of prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects]. PMID- 3248426 TI - [Neonatal blood pressure]. PMID- 3248427 TI - [A clinicopathologic study on acute chorioamnionitis]. PMID- 3248428 TI - [Fetoscopy in prenatal diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3248429 TI - [Embryonic remnants in the mesosalpinx and parovarian cyst]. PMID- 3248431 TI - AIDS news. PMID- 3248432 TI - AIDS evolution. PMID- 3248430 TI - [The production and identification of OC859--a monoclonal antibody against tumor associated antigen in ovarian epithelial carcinoma]. PMID- 3248433 TI - When carrots and sticks aren't enough. PMID- 3248434 TI - Nebraska dental hygiene survey. PMID- 3248435 TI - Malpractice, me? Yes, you! PMID- 3248436 TI - Protect yourself against litigation. PMID- 3248437 TI - [Campylobacter pyloridis and its relation to chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease]. PMID- 3248438 TI - [Role of nocturnal gastric acid suppression on duodenal ulcer healing]. PMID- 3248439 TI - [A study of acid-base disturbance in hepatic encephalopathy]. PMID- 3248440 TI - [Asymptomatic brief paroxysmal atrial tachycardia]. PMID- 3248441 TI - [Effect of orally administered rhubarb extract on partial nephrectomy in rats]. PMID- 3248442 TI - [Exercise contrast echocardiography for detecting left to right cardiac shunts]. PMID- 3248443 TI - [Gustatory function in patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis]. PMID- 3248444 TI - [Studies on the pathogenesis of chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anemia]. PMID- 3248445 TI - [Application and evaluation of the complex figure test in patients with brain lesions]. PMID- 3248446 TI - [Epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs and memory disturbance]. PMID- 3248447 TI - [The effect of aging on memory]. PMID- 3248448 TI - [Motor impersistence and visual neglect in patients with brain lesions]. PMID- 3248449 TI - [Visuo-spatial neglect after cerebral hemisphere stroke and evaluation of related neuropsychologic techniques]. PMID- 3248450 TI - [Agraphia associated with a lesion of the basal ganglia]. PMID- 3248451 TI - [Observations on dynamic ECG in acute cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 3248452 TI - [A study of sialic acid of erythrocyte membranes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 3248453 TI - [Clinical study of 40 cases of small cerebral abscess]. PMID- 3248454 TI - [A study on the relationship between consumption of allium vegetables and gastric cancer]. PMID- 3248455 TI - [A health and nutrition survey of 211 Uygur centenarians in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region]. PMID- 3248456 TI - [An epidemic of food poisoning by Aeromonas hydrophila]. PMID- 3248457 TI - [The study of potable water quality standard of beryllium]. PMID- 3248459 TI - [Investigation of the personal dose monitoring by radiation workers in Beijing area in 1980-1985]. PMID- 3248458 TI - [An experimental study of the treatment of waste water from chemical factories with a water-purifying device made of a resin with macrospores and special functions]. PMID- 3248461 TI - [Study of dust mite allergy in the Guangzhou area]. PMID- 3248460 TI - [The effects of vinyl chloride on pregnancy parturition and fetal development among female workers]. PMID- 3248462 TI - [Value of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor by radioimmunoassay in diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 3248463 TI - [Surgical treatment of severe pancreatic trauma]. PMID- 3248464 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis: a review of 81 cases]. PMID- 3248465 TI - [Effect of pylorus preservation on nutrition and digestive function after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a follow-up observation]. PMID- 3248466 TI - [Prevention of pancreatic and biliary fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy]. PMID- 3248467 TI - [Fine-needle aspiration cytodiagnosis of tumors of the pancreas and ampullary region: an analysis of 150 cases]. PMID- 3248468 TI - [Mechanisms and effects of bromocriptine in the treatment of breast hyperplasia]. PMID- 3248469 TI - [Supracondylar fracture of the femur treated with a slotted angular plate]. PMID- 3248470 TI - [Early diagnosis and treatment of fat embolism syndrome after multiple fractures]. PMID- 3248471 TI - [Extracorporeal circulation and acute respiratory failure]. PMID- 3248472 TI - [Experiences with surgical ligation in ductus arteriosus in 255 cases]. PMID- 3248473 TI - [Penile reconstruction using a complex island flap and the iliac crest with two vascular pedicles]. PMID- 3248474 TI - [Prevention and management of a total tearing rupture of the pyeloureter]. PMID- 3248476 TI - [Intraorgan blood flow distribution during acute endotoxemia]. PMID- 3248475 TI - [Experimental studies and clinical application of the absorption function of the greater omentum]. PMID- 3248477 TI - [The protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the warm ischemic kidney: experimental study in animals]. PMID- 3248478 TI - [Study of anticancer human monoclonal antibody--establishment of human monoclonal antibody to gastric cancer by human-mouse hybridoma]. AB - A human immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody secreting hybridoma, HMG1, has been established and studied for its reactivity against human gastric cancer cells. Lymphocytes isolated from a regional lymph node of patient with gastric adenocarcinoma were fused with mouse myeloma cells NS-1. Supernatants from the generated human-mouse hybrids were first screened for immunoglobulin production by ELISA. The identified human IgM-secreting hybridomas were expanded and subcloned for further analysis or cryopreservation. The screening for binding of antibodies to a panel of human cancer cell lines and normal fibroblast was carried out with PAP or indirect immunofluorescence stain. The selected hybridoma, HMG1 after being cloned three times, was stable in secreting IgM (about 4 micrograms/1 x 10(6) cells) for more than 9 months. Large amount of ascites was obtained by injecting this hybrid to BALB/C nude mice pretreated with anti-lymphocyte serum and pristane. The ascitic fluid contained 5-19 mg human Ig/ml. Subsequently this IgM was extracted from ascitic fluid by saturated ammonium sulphate solution. This crude extract was further purified with immuno affinity chromatography. Both this purified ascite-IgM as well as IgM from HMG1 supernatant would react with gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 but not with human normal fibroblasts 350Q by PAP or immunofluorescence analysis. The human HMG1-IgM reacted with gastric cancer cells on paraffin embedded tissue section but did not react with normal gastric mucosa cells. HMG1-IgM had some complement dependent cytotoxicity against BGC-823. These results suggest that the establishment of anticancer human monoclonal antibodies with human-mouse hybridoma technique be feasible. There is a possibility for clinical applications of this human monoclonal antibody in the future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248479 TI - [Cytogenetic studies of lung cancer]. AB - Chromosome analysis was performed on tumor cells from 15 patients with lung cancer. The G-banding techniques were used for analysis of karyotypes. The results showed that numerical and structural abnormalities were found in each case. Chromosomal numbers varied in a range of 36-240. Aneuploids were present in 91.62% of all cells. The most common numerical alterations were subtriploidies and triploidies. Chromosomes 1, 11, 4, 5, and 3 were most frequently involved in 21 marker chromosomes. It was found that marker chromosomes M1, M3, M4 and M5 were related to chromosome 1 with the breakpoints assigned to 1p11, 1q11, 1p35 and an area of centromere. This result may suggest that breakpoint of chromosome 1 be related to the expression of oncogene of the lung cancer. PMID- 3248480 TI - [Transformation of rat esophageal precancerous epithelial cells and its biologic characteristics--establishment of RE25-3 esophageal carcinoma cell line]. AB - A neoplastic transformation cell line (RE25-3) of the rat esophageal precancerous epithelium has been established by in vivo-in vitro method in our laboratory. Ten criteria were used to study the biological characteristics of the neoplastic transformation during various stages: 1. Dysplastic lesion of the esophageal epithelium was induced in wistar rat by oral administration of NSEE. The dysplastic epithelium was then removed and cultured. After several generations of subculture without carcinogen, the dysplastic epithelium showed neoplastic transformation in vitro. 2. The maximum mitotic index of the transformed cell reached 2.0% and two peaks were observed at hour 41 and 96, respectively, while the mitotic index of the normal esophageal cell was 0.6%. 3. DNA measurement was performed by MSP. The results showed disappearance of the diploid cell from the fifth subculture. Tetraploid, heteroploid and aneuploid cells were observed from the third subculture. The aneuploid cells amounted to 86.24%. 4. The number of chromosome increased as the time of culture as well as the number of subculture generation increased. Chromosome aberration was observed. 5. As the number of subculture generation increased, the damage and break of the chromosome increased. Micronuclei rate increased. 6. By incorporation of H3-TdR, DNA synthesis rate increased as the malignancy increased. 7. Growth of the RE25-3 cell was dependent on EGF in the early stage. But after 15 subculture, as neoplastic transformation developed, this dependency disappeared. 8. After 14 generations of subculture, the cell can be cultured in soft ager. 9. Keratin was proved positive within the cell by ABC immuno-histochemistry assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248481 TI - [Correlation between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and HLA in Sichuan]. AB - Fifty three cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Sichuan and 212 normal individuals in our University were studied for their human Leucocyte antigen(HLA) typing by the standard NIH microcytotoxicity test. A total of 135 antisera which could defined 44 specificities of HLA-A, B and DR loci were used for this purpose. In this paper, BW46 and DR antigens for detecting NPC patients is reported at home for the first time. The results showed that there existed a strong correlation between BW46 and NPC (RR = 7.19, chi 2 = 18.10, Pc less than 0.05) and an apparent negative association between A11 and NPC (RR = 0.36, chi 2 = 9.79, Pc less than 0.05). The gene frequency of DR blank in patients was much higher than that in the controls (Pc less than 0.05). B17 frequency in patients was also higher than that in the controls (chi 2 = 6.85). Even though the Fisher P value was less than 0.01, it was insignificant after being corrected. There was no significant difference between the patients and controls in our data A2, A9 and AW19. PMID- 3248482 TI - [A new lymph node imaging agent--99mTc-polyphase liposome oleatis (99mTc-plo)]. AB - A new lymph node radio-imaging agent, technetium-99m polyphase liposome oleatis (99mTc-plo), has recently been developed. Polyphase liposome oleatis was labelled with radionuclide by stannous chloride method. The labelled rate was 90% or more as technically identified by thin layer chromatography, external gamma-camera imaging and radioautography. In animal experiment, 0.2-0.3 ml (0.2 mci) of the 99mTc-plo was injected subcutaneously into the toes web of rats. After half an hour, the regional lymph nodes of popliteal fossa were visualized very clearly. The imaging figures may keep their distinct shadow up to 24 hours. The tested rabbits were sacrificed 10 hours after 99mTc-plo injection for detecting various kinds of tissue and organ with a scintillation counter. The regional lymph nodes revealed the highest uptake rate of the new agent, 12,116; 1,303; 1,615 times higher than that of the adjacent muscles, liver and spleen, respectively. In clinical experiment, 0.2-0.3 ml (0.5-0.8 mci) of the 99mTc-plo was injected subcutaneously into the toes web of patients. Half an hour later, the lymph nodes of inguinal, external iliac and common iliac regions appeared in sequence. If the new agent is injected perianally, the internal iliac lymph nodes will be seen. No side effect was observed in both types of experiment. This new agent has been tried in rats, rabbits and dogs with similar positive results. The new lymph node imaging technique is simple, safe, reliable and reproducible. This agent, being directed toward the lymph nodes and possessing affinity to cancer cells, is expected to be supplementary method to CT and B-ultrasonography for detecting lymphoid malignancy and lymph node metastasis. PMID- 3248483 TI - [Preliminary analysis of 18 cases of malignant lymphoma by immunohistological method with various monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies]. AB - Eighteen cases of malignant lymphoma were labelled by ABC immunohistologic method with various monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. It was found that all were OKT9 antiserum positive and cytokeratin negative. In B cell lymphomas, 9/18 cases were positive for B1; 7 positive for each of I2+ and Leu 10+; 6 for J5+, and 5 for B2+. In 6 cases of T cell lymphoma, 5 cases were positive for T3+ and Tac+ each; 4 for T11+ and 2 for T6+ while all were positive for T4 and negative or weakly positive for T8A. There was 1 case of histiocytic lymphoma and 2 of Hodgkin's lymphoma showing positive reaction to MO1, 2H9 and lysozyme antibody in their tumor cells and R-S cells. PMID- 3248484 TI - [Ultrastructural analysis in differential diagnosis of tumors]. AB - Ultrastructures of 25 tumors were analyzed by electron microscopy (EM). Of the 25 cases, there were 9 amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation tumors (APUD) (2 carotid body tumor, 2 medullary carcinoma of thyroid and 5 carcinoid) in which the dense core granules of different sizes were seen in the cytoplasm. 4 cases of malignant melanoma were identified by EM basing on the premelanosome and melanosome in the cells. In 4 carcinomas from different locations, 2 had mucous secretory granules in the cytoplasm and junction complex between the tumor cells. The diagnosis was finally confirmed as adenocarcinoma. The other 2 cases were identified as epidermoid carcinoma or anaplastic carcinoma as desmosome and tonofilaments were found. 4 cases of malignant lymphoma without any cell junction complex were identified. Moreover, there were several cases of mesenchymal cell tumors, such as leiomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chordoma and Schwannoma confirmed by their special organelles. This study shows that the ultrastructural analysis is valuable in the differential diagnosis and classification of tumors. PMID- 3248485 TI - [Pathologic analysis of 302 primary bronchogenic adenocarcinomas]. AB - Pathomorphology of 302 primary bronchogenic adenocarcinomas resected in our hospital from 1957 to 1984 was studied. It consisted of 23.5% of the total lung cancers. Gross findings are: central type 15.9%, peripheral type 82.4%, and disseminated type. 1.7%. Cancerous cavity was observed in 13.2%. According to the histologic classification of lung tumor, WHO, 1981, adenocarcinoma was divided into four subtypes: 1. acinar adenocarcinoma (132 cases); 2. papillary adenocarcinoma (73 cases); 3. bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (74 cases) and 4. solid carcinoma with mucus formation (23 cases). Among them, there were 16.6% of scar carcinoma and 1 case associated with asbestosis. 15 cases were studied by electron microscope. The 5-year survival rate was 19.6% (peripheral type 21.7%, central type 12.5% and disseminated type 0%). There was no significant difference in the prognoses of the histologic subtypes. The patients without metastasis to the hilum, mediastinum or positive stump had better prognosis. The relationship between adenocarcinoma and bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma is discussed. PMID- 3248486 TI - [Radiation treatment of metastatic tumor in the brain]. AB - Sixty-seven patients with metastatic tumor in the brain were seen from 1975 to Oct. 1985. 11 of the 22 untreated patients were followed to their death, the median survival was 2.9 months. The other 45 patients were all treated by irradiation. 40(89%) patients had bronchogenic carcinoma, three had primaries in other parts of the body and two had unknown primaries. In 16 patients, whole brain was irradiated to a dose of 1000-4000 cGy. Their 6 month survival rate was 25% but all died within one year. In 24 patients, whole brain was first irradiated to 3000-4000 cGy. Then the dose was increased to 5000-6000 cGy by cone down technique. Their 6 month survival was 75%, 1 year survival 33%. The high dose-cone down method is obviously more effective. In the other 5 patients who were retreated locally for recurrence or new foci in the other parts of the brain, their survival was 4 to 8 months taken from the start of the second course of radiotherapy. One of these five patients is still living as of this writing. Extensive brain necrosis was observed in three patients who received whole brain radiation in the second course. Yet untoward reactions were noted in the two patients who received local irradiation in the second course. This may imply that, for the second course, only local radiation is indicated. PMID- 3248487 TI - [Soft tissue sarcoma in the head and neck--analysis of 87 patients]. AB - From 1964 to 1984, 87 patients with soft tissue sarcoma (excluding lymphreticulum system sarcoma) in the head and neck were treated in our hospital. All were proved by pathology. The incidence rate of fibrosarcoma was the highest (36.8%), hemangiosarcoma the lowest (5.8%). There was no liposarcoma or synovial sarcoma in this group. The most frequently involved site was the area near the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus for fibrosarcoma (66%), the base of tongue for hemangiosarcoma (60%), scalp for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (54%), parapharyngeal space and soft tissue of the neck for neurogenic sarcoma (45%). Metastasis rate to the lymph nodes was 16-20% for rhabdomyosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma and malignant fibrohistiocyte tumor. No distant metastasis was found in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and malignant fibrohistiocyte tumor. Distant metastasis rate was 10-20% for the other types. Local recurrence rate was 9.1% for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 88.9% for malignant fibrohistiocyte tumor, 30-66.7% for the other sarcomas. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 20% and 0%, 37.5% and 0%, 91.6% and 91.6% for rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant fibrohistiocyte tumor and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. There were differences in clinical behavior for soft tissue sarcomas in the head, neck and in the trunk. Highly malignant sarcomas, such as liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma were rare in the head and neck but the low malignant sarcomas in the head and neck were 3-10 times as common as those in the trunk. Distant metastasis rate of the fibrosarcoma was 20% in head and neck and 6.7%in trunk, the 5- and 10-year survival rates were 36% and 77.9%, 25% and 73.6%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248488 TI - [Mode of spread in nasopharyngeal carcinoma as seen on CT scan]. AB - From April 1984 to April 1986, 993 NPC patients were scanned with an 8800 CT scanner in our hospital. 200 consecutive cases who had CT scan before treatment were selected for analysis. CT features of local invasion, incidence of involvement of the parapharyngeal spaces and the adjacent structures, and bone destruction of the base of the skull were analysed. The results showed that the mode of local spread of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is direct infiltration. It tends to spread posterolaterally. According to the relation of the carotid sheath area and lymph nodes in the neck, it is most likely that metastasis in the cervical lymph nodes is the result of direct spread of the disease via the carotid sheath area. CT could detect more bone destruction of the skull base than the conventional submental view. The relationship of neck lymph node metastasis and bone destruction is discussed. PMID- 3248489 TI - [Salvage surgery for cervical residual and recurrent lesions of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy]. AB - Recently, in spite of the great progress made in the radiotherapy for NPC, there remains 10 approximately 20% of patients who would die of their cervical lesions, either residual or recurrent after irradiation. It is well known that the skin of the neck can not tolerate too high a dose of radiation and the cervical metastatic lymph nodes of NPC may be less sensitive to radiation than the primary. From April 1977 to March 1987, 79 NPC patients with persistent cervical lymph node metastasis after irradiation were treated by salvage surgery (31 residual and 48 recurrent cancers). Most of the lesions were located in the upper neck (64 cases) and a few along the margin of previous radiation field, such as submaxillary or posterior cervical triangle. Of the 69 patients treated by salvage neck dissection, 38 were confirmed pathologically to have soft tissues involvement, such as sternocleidomastoid, digastric, splenius, and levator scapular muscles, and 2 had hypoglossus nerve and carotid sheath involvement. The authors emphasized that all the involved tissues, such as skin, muscle, nerve or jugular vein should be resected completely. If the neck defect could not be closed primarily, the pectoral major myocutaneous flap (7 cases) or lateral trapezius myocutaneous flap (3 cases) were used for repair. There were no postoperative complications. 32 patients were followed over 3 years with a 3-year survival rate of 34% (11/32). 43 were followed less than 3 years. 31 were alive and 12 were dead.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248490 TI - [Duokangjiasu combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of 32 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients]. AB - The results of 32 NPC patients treated by duokangjiasu combined with radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone are reported. Subjects were divided into two groups, combined and control groups with 16 patients each. The results showed that the patients treated with combination of duokangjiasu and radiotherapy had less decrease in blood IgM level than the controls treated with radiotherapy alone. Therefore, it indicates that duokangjiasu may stabilized immune function in vivo at a normal level and remarkably accelerate the resolution or eradication of the primary focus in the nasopharynx. PMID- 3248491 TI - [Gastric emptying after resection of esophageal cancer]. AB - Gastric emptying of isotope labelled solid meal was studied in 17 patients after resection of esophageal carcinoma and 7 normal subjects. The radioisotope method provides a quantitative and noninvasive technique for measuring gastric emptying. This study indicated that gastric emptying of patients who had tumor resected recently (with an average of 24 days) was delayed obviously as compared with that of normal subjects (P less than 0.01). Slow gastric emptying is mainly due to truncal vagotomy during cancer resection. More than 8 months after the operation, emptying returned to normal and there was no difference between the postoperative and control groups (P greater than 0.05). An explanation for the mechanisms was given in this paper. PMID- 3248492 TI - [Extent of treatment of early carcinoma of the uterine cervix--local treatment of 198 stage I patients]. AB - The extent of treatment of early carcinoma of the uterine cervix is still controversial. 198 patients with Stage I carcinoma of the uterine cervix who received local treatment for the primary tumor are summarized, 107 with early invasive carcinoma and 91 with invasive cancer. Microscopic examination showed that 62.2% of the patients had lesions less than 1 cm in diameter. In 82.8% of the patients, the invasion was confined to the cervical ring by pathological examination. The accuracy of multiple biopsies was 79.3%. Of 198 patients, 124 received intracavitary radiotherapy only, 73 hysterectomy and 1 cone resection of the uterine cervix. All of them were followed for 5 years or more. The 5-year survival rate was 98% and none of them died of cancer. The author considers that the extent of treatment of early invasive carcinoma can be localized. For localized invasive carcinoma (stage Ib) with lesion less than 1 cm and extent of invasion less than half of the uterine cervix ring as confirmed by biopsy, the treatment of regional lymph nodes can be omitted. Multiple biopsies may replace diagnostic cone resection in most instances. PMID- 3248493 TI - [Colposcopy of adenocarcinoma of the cervix]. AB - Colposcopic findings of 17 cases of adenocarcinoma of the cervix are analyzed with cytology and patho-histology. One of the highly differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma of the cervix is presented in detail for the knowledge of colposcopy of that cancer. The colposcopic findings of this tumor are characterized by increase and abnormal distribution of gland openings on the surface and high grades of its white surrounding rings. In addition, abnormal vascularization may be present. It is pointed out that these findings should be considered during colposcopy of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 3248494 TI - [Pathological and clinical analysis of 102 cases of lip carcinoma]. AB - 102 cases (103 tumors) of lip carcinoma treated by surgery are analyzed. There were 37 (35.9%) verrucous carcinoma and 66 (64.1%) squamous cell carcinoma which included grade I 29 cases, grade II 21, grade III 14 and grade IV 2. Of the 66 squamous cell carcinomas, six lesions co-existing with verrucous carcinoma were derived from the latter. This fact demonstrated that anaplastic transformation of verrucous carcinoma could occur in patients without radiotherapy. This study suggests that the enlarged neck lymph nodes need not be dissected prophylactically for patients with squamous cell carcinoma grade I and grade II, and with verrucous carcinoma. The management of the cervical nodes still suffices if they enlarge after the primary lesion has been removed. But radical dissection of neck lymph nodes should be performed promptly for patients with squamous cell carcinoma grade III and grade IV. PMID- 3248495 TI - [N-nitrosamines in gastric juice of subjects from high incidence area of esophageal cancer]. AB - A total of 353 samples of gastric juice was collected from Lin-xian subjects who were examined by endoscopy. NDMA, NDEA, NMBzA, Npyr, Npip, NSAR and other unknown compounds were detected in the fasting gastric juice. NMBzA, Npyr, Npip and NSAR can induce esophageal cancer in animals. Among the concentrations of N Nitrosamines in gastric juice, the level of NDMA was the highest, its mean value 17.09 ppb; the level of NDEA stood next with a mean value of 6.95 ppb; the amounts of NMBzA, Npyr and Npip were 4.77, 2.45 and 1.30 ppb, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the amount of N-Nitrosamines in gastric juice and the various lesions in the esophageal epithelium of the subjects, the amount of N-Nitrosamines in gastric juice from subjects with normal esophageal epithelium was lower than that from subjects with marked dysplasia or carcinoma of esophagus. This finding lends further support to their possible involvement in esophageal cancer development. PMID- 3248497 TI - [Transforming gene in human esophageal carcinoma tissue]. AB - The transforming gene in human esophageal carcinoma (HEC) tissues collected from Lin-xian county, a high incidence area of esophageal cancer was studied. Eight primary HEC tissues were used as sources for the preparation of DNA. High molecular weight DNAs were separately added to NIH 3T3 cells by the calcium phosphate coprecipitation method. Of the 8 HEC tissues examined, 3 DNAs showed transforming activity and produced secondary transformants. The use of uncloned NIH 3T3 cells resulted in the appearances of non-transforming. The efficiency of primary transfection foci was low (0.025--0.05 focus per ug of DNA). In the secondary transfection, the efficiency was increased (0.30 focus per ug of DNA). The primary and secondary transformants were capable of forming colonies in soft agar (0.33%) in contrast to the control NIH 3T3 cells, which did not show any anchorage-independent growth. About 1 X 10(6) cells of the cloned secondary transformants were injected subcutaneously into athymic BALB/c nude mice. The mice developed large tumors (approximately 20-30 mm in diameter) within 5--15 days after injection. No tumor developed in mice injected with control NIH 3T3 cells even after 2 months. The transforming DNA had a linkage to the Alu sequence, indicating that a common human DNA fragment is conserved in the tumors. H-ras was found in the transforming DNA using Southern blot assay. PMID- 3248496 TI - [Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of T-2 toxin, a trichothecene produced by Fusarium fungi]. AB - When V79 cells were treated for 24 hr by T-2 toxin, a significant increase in micronuclei was observed with or without the addition of activation system. Positive results were also noted in rat hepatocyte-mediated 6TG resistant mutation and rat esophageal epithelial cell-mediated SCE, indicating genotoxic effects of T-2 toxin on V79 cells. Tumors in different organs were induced in rats by prolonged gavaging of small amounts of T-2 toxin. Epithelium of the forestomach appeared to be more reactive to T-2 toxin with the development of papillomas and carcinomas. However, tumors and other lesions were also observed in the anterior pituitary, adrenal, pancreatic islets and other organs, showing that T-2 toxin may exert a weak carcinogenic action in rats. PMID- 3248498 TI - [Clinical study on serum copper and zinc levels and copper/zinc ratio in malignant lymphoma]. AB - 173 simultaneous determinations of serum copper level (SCL), serum zinc level (SZL) and copper/zinc ratio (CZR) were made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 51 previously untreated lymphoma patients. SCL and CZR were significantly higher in patients before treatment (mean value 146.33 micrograms/dl, 1.55) and in those who did not reach complete remission (mean 135.29 micrograms/dl, 1.36) as compared with the patients in complete remission (mean 104.30 micrograms/dl, 1.06) or normal controls (mean 99.82 micrograms/dl, 0.98). The mean value of SCL and CZR of patients in complete remission did not differ significantly from those of normal controls. Patients in stages III and IV had higher SCL and CZR (mean 160.22 micrograms/dl, 1.79) than those in Stages I and II (mean 122.95 micrograms/dl, 1.16). No significant difference was observed in SZL between the patients groups and normal controls. Thus, SCL and CZR may be used as prognostic indicators for monitoring disease activity and response to therapy in malignant lymphoma. PMID- 3248499 TI - [Papilloma of forestomach induced by Fusarium T-2 toxin in mice]. AB - T-2 toxin is one of the important representatives of trichothecin metabolites of Fusarium species. Various proliferative changes in epithelia of forestomach including papillomas were induced in mice after prolonged feeding of T-2 toxin by intubation at 0.1 mg/kg, 3 times a week for 25 weeks. The incidences of hyperkeratosis, papillary hyperplasia, moderate dysplasia and papilloma were 82.9%, 28.6%, 42.9% and 14.3% respectively. The earliest papilloma in forestomach of mice occurred as early as 6th week of the experiment. While in forestomach of mice in the control group, only 4.20% hyperkeratosis and 4.2% simple hyperplasia were found, no papillary hyperplasia or papilloma occurred. The above results indicate that T-2 toxin has a selective tumorigenic effect on the forestomach which is actually the extension of the esophagus in mice. These findings may give important hint to the study of human esophageal carcinogenesis. PMID- 3248500 TI - [Relationship between the contents of sialic acid and fucose on red cell membrane and occurrence of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer]. AB - The contents of sialic acid and fucose on red cell membrane in 40 normal controls. 58 atrophic gastritis patients, and 38 gastric cancer patients were determined. The results showed that the levels of sialic acid and fucose in patients with gastric diseases were of significant difference (P less than 0.001) in contrast with the normal controls. They were markedly elevated on red cell membranes of gastric cancer patients. There was significant difference (P less than 0.001) as compared with atrophic gastritis patients. If the sialic acid and fucose exceeded the maximum normal value of the control group, they could be taken as positive for malignancy. In gastric cancer group, the positive rate was 89.5% for sialic acid contents while for fucose contents, it was 94.7%. Both parameters of sialic acid and fucose of red cell membrane have practical reference value for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. PMID- 3248501 TI - [Primary tumor of the small intestine--analysis of 102 patients]. AB - 102 patients with primary tumors of the small intestine proved by pathology in our hospital from 1964 to 1983 are reported. It made up 4% of primary gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms during this period. Of the 102 patients, 32 were benign tumors, comprising 11.3% of all benign tumors of the GI tract. There were 70 malignant tumors, constituting 3.1% of all malignant tumors of the GI tract. Leiomyomas were very common in benign tumors while malignant lymphomas and carcinomas were predominant in malignant neoplasms. The main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain, mass, obstruction and GI hemorrhage. Eight patients were complicated with perforation, 6 of them were malignant tumors. Multiple lesions were found in 22 and 16 of them were malignant tumors. Only 29.3% of primary tumors of the small intestine could be demonstrated by barium X ray examination. Correct diagnosis was made preoperatively in 13.7% of all patients. Resectability and operative mortality rates in malignant tumors were 70% and 12.9%, respectively, 62.3% of the patients were followed with an overall 5-year survival rate of 36.9% (malignant lymphoma 62.5% and leiomyosarcoma or carcinoma (18.2%). The 5-year survival rate was 43.8% after radical operation and 38.9% after palliative operation. The overall 10-year survival rate was 16.2%. One patient with lymphosarcoma is alive 21.5 years after operation. The reasons of the low incidence, the high misdiagnosis rate and the related aspects of diagnosis and treatment of this tumor are discussed. PMID- 3248502 TI - [Midline malignant reticulosis (MMR) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma--a clinicopathologic study of 78 cases]. AB - Seventy-eight cases of MMR selected from 141 cases of so-called malignant granulomatosis (MG) in our hospital during the past 27 years (1960-1986) are reported. All were treated mainly by radiotherapy, and 50 cases had been followed for long period. The overall 5-year survival rate was 44%. Although most of the patients died within 2 years, two had survived for more than 20 years after treatment. The microscopic features of these lesions were consistent with the peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTL), which occur in other organs or sites as well. It could be roughly divided into two groups: monomorphic and polymorphic. Monomorphic lesions could be subdivided into several types again, such as large cell, mixed cell, clear cell, intermediate round cell types, and so on. In these cases, 11 were assayed for immunophenotype, including kappa, lambda and ACT, showing that the tumor cells were negative. Furthermore, 3 other new cases were stained with B1, IgM, Kappa, lambda, and/or Leu-2, Leu-3, Leu-4. Two of them were positive for Leu-3+, Leu-4+ and one for Leu-2+, Leu-3+, Leu-4+. All the results conform well to the diagnostic criteria of PTL as agreed upon by some Chinese and foreign authors. That means most of the MMR may be a group of heterogeneous extranodal PTL, and should be treated as T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 3248503 TI - [Surgical management of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia--experience in 937 patients]. AB - A total of 937 patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia were operated on within a period of 27 years. The overall resectability rate was 74.5%, the operative mobility was 16.0% and the resection mortality was 1.7% (within 30 days postoperatively). The incidences of anastomotic leakage and pulmonary complications were 3.7% and 3.2%, respectively. These two major complications carried mortality rates of 19.2% and 4.8% and accounted for 50% of the post operative death. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10- year survival rates were 66.9%, 30.0%, 19.5% and 10.3%, respectively. The authors advise regular subtotal proximal gastrectomy when the cancer is confined to the stomach only or extends distally within one third of the lesser curvature. The main factors influencing the long term results are lymph node metastasis, carcinomatous invasion to gastric serosa and the type of resection, either palliative or curative. PMID- 3248504 TI - [Radiotherapy of retinoblastoma--analysis of 100 patients]. AB - The prognosis of retinoblastoma, a common endo-ocular malignant tumor in infants, is related to the clinical stage, the size of tumor, involvement of optic nerve and the method of treatment. 100 patients treated were followed for 5-23 years. The 5- and 10- year survival rates were 15% and 7% in patients treated by surgery alone and 58% and 52% by operation combined with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy plays a very important role in the treatment of retinoblastoma. PMID- 3248505 TI - [Surgical resection of 48 patients with malignant disease of the pancreas and periampullary region]. AB - Fourty-eight patients with malignant disease of pancreas and periampullary region treated by surgery from Jan. 1966 to June 1985 are analyzed. Of these patients, 44 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, 2 had resection of the body and tail of pancreas, 1 had total pancreatectomy and 1 had tumor resection only. The operative mortality was 12.5%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 48.2%. The 5- and 10-year survival rates of the 44 patients by pancreaticoduodenectomy were 46.4% and 37.5%, respectively. Experience and technique on the postoperative complications were analyzed. The prevention of massive bleeding during operation were suggested. Apart from the cigarette drain to the pancreaticoduodenal bed, an easy and effective method for draining the digestive juice from the lumen near anastomosis of the pancreaticojejunostomy and choledochojejunostomy is suggested. PMID- 3248506 TI - [Extramedullary plasmacytoma of small intestine--a case report]. AB - Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), being different from multiple myeloma, is very rare. One case of primary EMP of small intestine and review of literature are presented. The patient, 69-year-old male, was admitted because of left lower abdominal pain and anemia. A mass, table-tennis in size, was palpated. Intestinal obstruction was found by plain X-ray film. It was diagnosed as EMP of small intestine by pathology after exploratory celiotomy. Immunohistochemical stain showed that intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin was monoclonal IgG. Lambda. The blood Bence-Jones protein and bone marrow puncture were negative. The patient received chemotherapy after operation and was followed for two years giving satisfactory result. The pathogenesis, clinical feature, diagnostic criteria and treatment are discussed. PMID- 3248507 TI - Experimental and clinical evaluation of the biliary pharmacokinetic profile of cefpiramide, a new cephalosporin with high hepatic elimination. AB - Biliary elimination of cefpiramide was studied experimentally and in human subjects using chromatography (HPLC). During a 3-h perfusion of five isolated rabbit liver preparations, 40.4% of cefpiramide added to the circulating blood was eliminated in the bile and only 0.3% was metabolized in the liver. In five healthy subjects, after a single intravenous administration of 1 g of cefpiramide, a maximal concentration of 339 +/- 107 micrograms/ml was reached during the 2nd hour in the collected duodenal fluid, and 1.23 +/- 0.20% of the given dose was recovered within 4 h. In ten cholecystectomized patients provided with a T-tube, intravenous injection of 1 g of cefpiramide resulted during the 2nd hour in a biliary peak concentration of 1161 +/- 392 micrograms/ml. The total amount of antibiotic eliminated in the bile over 24 h averaged 231.5 +/- 39.1 mg, corresponding to 23.2 +/- 3.9% of the administered dose. Hepatic clearance was 3.13 ml/h. Intraoperative specimens sampled simultaneously 1 h after intravenous administration of 1 g of the antibiotic in ten patients undergoing cholecystectomy showed cefpiramide concentrations of 157 +/- 21 micrograms/ml in serum, 1726 +/- 501 micrograms/ml in choledocal bile, 84 +/- 33 micrograms/ml in gall-bladder bile and 22.6 +/- 4.2 micrograms/g in gall-bladder wall. These data emphasize the excellent biliary tropism of cefpiramide, and compare favourably with results concerning 19 other beta-lactams previously studied under the same conditions. They constitute a good prerequisite for possible beneficial treatment of biliary tract infections. PMID- 3248509 TI - Multidisciplinary approach to the therapy of chronic sinusitis. AB - Twenty patients with maxillary sinusitis were treated with cefotetan (1 g, i.m.) twice a day. Samples of blood and maxillary sinus mucous membrane were taken in eight patients 2 h after dosing during the third day of therapy to evaluate drug concentration. Results show the excellent clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of cefotetan, as well as its high tissue penetration. PMID- 3248508 TI - Pharmacokinetic profile of cefotetan in different clinical conditions. AB - The pharmacokinetic profile of cefotetan was studied in a group of hospitalized patients. The absorption of the molecule (after a single dose of 2 g/i.m.) was good and the drug was found to diffuse satisfactorily in the lungs, prostatic tissue, kidney and in the female genitalia. PMID- 3248510 TI - [Evaluation of the Pv1-PE interval in the differential diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 3248511 TI - [Patterns of ventriculoatrial conduction in patients with atrioventricular accessory pathway during ventricular programmed stimulation]. PMID- 3248512 TI - [Paroxysmal wide QRS tachycardia]. PMID- 3248513 TI - [Relation of trace elements and lipids in erythrocytes and coronary artery stenosis]. PMID- 3248514 TI - [Analysis of serum lipids and apolipoprotein in hyperlipidemias]. PMID- 3248516 TI - [Diagnostic value of the pulsed Doppler echocardiogram in tricuspid regurgitation]. PMID- 3248515 TI - [Evaluation of right ventricular function using a two-dimensional echocardiographic apical four-chamber view]. PMID- 3248517 TI - [Using a blood pool scan in the equilibrium state to evaluate left ventricular function in true ventricular aneurysm]. PMID- 3248518 TI - [Comparison of the efficacy of intravenous urokinase and defibrase on 6-hour-old canine coronary thrombosis]. PMID- 3248519 TI - [The effect of salt load on the vascular response in rats and its mechanisms]. PMID- 3248520 TI - Reinitiation of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan synthesis in regenerating skeletal muscle. AB - Previous work from this laboratory involved the characterization of a large chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan unique to chick skeletal muscle. This proteoglycan is synthesized by embryonic skeletal muscle both in ovo and in culture but is not synthesized by adult muscle in vivo and myotubes in advanced cultures. Because regenerating skeletal muscle has been found to recapitulate synthesis of embryonic muscle protein isoforms, an analysis was performed to assess whether synthesis of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans is reinitiated during muscle regeneration. Adult chicken pectoral and leg (gastrocnemius) muscle was injured by excision of a small piece of tissue or by cold injury; in the latter, the basement membrane has been reported to remain intact. At various times after injury, whole animals were exposed to [35S]sulphate and the proteoglycans were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and analysed. Synthesis of only small proteoglycans, typical of normal adult skeletal muscle, is observed in the contralateral, uninjured muscle. In the regenerating muscle 4 days after injury, there is increased sulphate incorporation and abundant synthesis of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans. This is observed in both pectoral and leg muscle irrespective of the type of injury, which suggests that the presence of basement membrane does not affect reinitiation of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan synthesis. By 25 days after injury, synthesis of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans is still detected but is significantly diminished. These data are consistent with the notion that skeletal muscle regeneration involves a recapitulation of embryonic events and give further credence to the hypothesis that skeletal muscle chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans play a role in some early aspect of myogenesis. PMID- 3248521 TI - Behaviour of microtubules and actin filaments in living Drosophila embryos. AB - We describe the preparation of novel fluorescent derivatives of rabbit muscle actin and bovine tubulin, and the use of these derivatives to study the behaviour of actin filaments and microtubules in living Drosophila embryos, in which the nuclei divide at intervals of 8 to 21 min. The fluorescently labelled proteins appear to function normally in vitro and in vivo, and they allow continuous observation of the cytoskeleton in living embryos without perturbing development. By coinjecting labelled actin and tubulin into the early syncytial embryo, the spatial relationships between the distinct filament networks that they form can be followed second by second. The dynamic rearrangements of actin filaments and microtubules observed confirms and extends results obtained from previous studies, in which fixation techniques and specific staining were used to visualize the cytoskeleton in the Drosophila embryo. However, no tested fixation method produces an exact representation of the in vivo microtubule distribution. PMID- 3248522 TI - DNA methylation in the developing marsupial embryo. AB - Marsupial development differs from early development of placental mammals in that the blastocyst is unilaminar, so that both embryonic and extraembryonic cells are derived from a single layer of cells (protoderm) which faces the blastocyst cavity. Also, all cells in female marsupial conceptuses so far examined show preferential paternal X-inactivation. To test for a possible correlation between cell position, paternal X-inactivation and DNA hypomethylation, marsupial DNA preparations from three regions, embryo, vascular yolk sac and avascular yolk sac, were digested with methyl-specific restriction endonucleases, separated on agarose gels and end-labelled with 32P-dCTP. The size distribution of the fragments obtained indicated three levels of methylation: high methylation of embryonic DNA, intermediate levels of methylation of vascular yolk sac DNA and hypomethylation of avascular yolk sac DNA. The degree of methylation of repeat sequences, observed as discrete bands in end-labelled HpaII digests, was correlated with the overall methylation of tissue DNA. Thus, the difference in methylation in embryonic and extraembryonic DNA was similar to that described for the mouse conceptus, and the outside cell position of marsupial fetal precursor cells did not correlate with hypomethylation. HpaII tiny fragments, which indicate the presence of CpG-rich islands of DNA, were evident in the marsupial digests. In the mouse DNA, these islands are associated with gene transcription and provide one route to cloning of unique gene sequences. PMID- 3248523 TI - Pepsinogen gene transcription induced in heterologous epithelial-mesenchymal recombinations of chicken endoderms and glandular stomach mesenchyme. AB - Proventricular (glandular stomach) mesenchyme of chicken embryos can induce endoderms of some parts of embryonic digestive tract to produce embryonic chicken pepsinogen (ECPg), a marker protein for the differentiation of embryonic proventricular epithelium. In the present study, we investigated the production of ECPg mRNA in the course of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between endoderms of digestive tract and proventricular mesenchyme. ECPg mRNA was detected by Northern hybridization with ECPg cDNA as a probe. In normal development of the proventriculus, ECPg mRNA was first detected at day 7 of incubation, and it ceased to be produced by day 21. Embryonic esophagus, gizzard and small intestine did not contain ECPg mRNA. When 6-day esophagus, gizzard or proventricular endoderm was associated and cultured with 6-day proventricular mesenchyme, the recombinates formed proventricular-gland-like complex glands and produced ECPg mRNA in almost equal quantity. However, 6-day small intestinal or 3.5-day allantoic endoderm did not produce pepsinogen mRNA under the same conditions, though the recombinates formed complex glands. These results indicate that the proventricular mesenchyme can induce de novo transcription of ECPg gene in esophagus, proventricular and gizzard endoderms, and that ECPg gene in small intestinal and allantoic endoderms fails to react to the inducing signal. PMID- 3248524 TI - Patterns of junctional communication during development of the early amphibian embryo. AB - Cell-cell communication through gap junctions was examined in Xenopus laevis embryos between the 16-cell and early blastula stages using Lucifer Yellow, Fluorescein, lead EDTA and dicyanoargentate as probes of junctional permeability. Injections were made into cells whose position was identified with respect to the primary cleavage axis and the grey crescent. FITC dextrans revealed cytoplasmic bridges between the injected cell and its sister only. In the animal pole at the 16-cell stage at the future dorsal side of the embryo, Lucifer Yellow was frequently and extensively transferred between cells through gap junctions. At the future ventral side gap junctional transfer of Lucifer Yellow was significantly less frequent and less extensive. The asymmetry of transfer between future dorsal and ventral sides of the animal pole was more marked at the 32-cell stage. In the vegetal pole also at the 32-cell stage, a dorsoventral difference in junctional permeability to Lucifer Yellow was observed. At the 64-cell stage the transfer of Lucifer Yellow was relatively frequent between cells lying in the same radial segment in the animal pole; transfer into cells outside each segment was infrequent, except at the grey crescent. At the 128-cell stage, Lucifer transfer between future dorsal or future ventral cells in the equatorial region was infrequent. A high incidence of transfer was restored at the future dorsal side at the 256-cell stage. At the 32-cell stage, fluorescein was infrequently transferred between animal pole cells although lead EDTA moved from cell to cell with high, comparable frequency in future dorsal and ventral regions. Dicyanoargentate always transferred extensively, both at the 32- and 64-cell stages. Treatment of embryos with methylamine raised intracellular pH by 0.15 units, increased the electrical conductance of the gap junction and produced a 10 fold increase in the frequency of Lucifer Yellow transfer through gap junctions in future ventral regions of the animal pole at the 32-cell stage. PMID- 3248525 TI - Development of the pattern of cell renewal in the crypt-villus unit of chimaeric mouse small intestine. AB - We have previously shown that the epithelium of each adult intestinal crypt in chimaeric mice is derived from a single progenitor cell. Whether the crypts are monoclonal from the outset-that is, are formed by the proliferation of a single cell-or whether their formation is initiated by several cells was not known. Here we report that many crypts contain cells of both chimaeric genotypes in the neonatal period indicating a polyclonal origin at this stage of morphogenesis. The cellular organization of the early neonatal crypt is therefore different from that of the adult crypt, which includes a zone of 'anchored' stem cells above the crypt base. Within 2 weeks, however, the crypt progenitor cell and its descendants displace all other cells from the crypt and the crypt attains monoclonality. The distribution of enterocytes on chimaeric villi in the neonate shows a mottled pattern of mosaicism which is progressively replaced by coherent sheets of cells from the crypts, and within two weeks the orderly adult clonal pattern is established. PMID- 3248526 TI - Histoplasmosis of the head and neck. PMID- 3248527 TI - A plea for uniformity in the staging and management of adult epiglottitis. PMID- 3248529 TI - Otolaryngic allergy. PMID- 3248528 TI - Temporalis-pericranial muscle flap with split-thickness skin graft for coverage of large midfacial defects. PMID- 3248530 TI - Steroid therapy for plasma cell granuloma of the larynx. PMID- 3248531 TI - Effect of acupuncture on sinus pain and experimentally induced pain. PMID- 3248532 TI - Neuroglial choristoma of the pharynx. PMID- 3248533 TI - Arteriovenous fistula of the auricle. PMID- 3248534 TI - Ageusia as an initial manifestation of cranial arteritis. PMID- 3248535 TI - Antibiotic usage in surgical practice. PMID- 3248537 TI - Immunology of Waldeyer's ring. PMID- 3248536 TI - Metastatic cystic squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 3248538 TI - Combatting iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in East Africa. PMID- 3248539 TI - Prevention of iodine deficiency disorders in Kenya--a preliminary investigation of the iodine content of salt on sale in western Kenya. PMID- 3248541 TI - Health of men on long term exposure to pyrethrins. PMID- 3248540 TI - A review of iodine deficiency disorders in Kenya. PMID- 3248542 TI - The immuno-stimulating effect of levamisole on BCG-conversion in newborn children. PMID- 3248543 TI - The pattern of dental caries amongst 12-year-old rural children in Kenya and Tanzania. PMID- 3248544 TI - The occurrence and pattern of facial bone fractures in Nairobi. PMID- 3248545 TI - The surgical treatment of intussusception in Kaduna, Nigeria. PMID- 3248546 TI - Foetal movements: value in monitoring high-risk pregnancies. PMID- 3248547 TI - Ascariasis in school children: epidemiological studies in Ethiopia. PMID- 3248549 TI - HIV seropositivity in a rural Tanzanian hospital. PMID- 3248548 TI - Report on two aspects of the Maasai dentition. PMID- 3248550 TI - The diagnosis of intestinal parasites in Ethiopia. PMID- 3248551 TI - The blink reflex in diabetic patients. PMID- 3248552 TI - Deleterious effect of the carpal tunnel on nerve conduction in diabetic polyneuropathy. PMID- 3248553 TI - Maximal H- and M-responses of the right and left gastrocnemius lateralis and soleus muscles. PMID- 3248554 TI - Somatosensory evoked potential studies in acute Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 3248555 TI - Spectral analysis of the electromyogram (EMG) in spinal cord trauma patients: II. Motor unit and interference EMG power spectra. PMID- 3248556 TI - Averaged (rms) surface EMG in testing back function. PMID- 3248557 TI - Comparison of the distal motor latency of the first dorsal interosseous with abductor pollicis brevis. Report of 200 cases. PMID- 3248558 TI - Occupational accessory and suprascapular nerve palsy. A clinical and electrophysiological study. PMID- 3248559 TI - SEPs and central somatosensory conduction time in hemiplegics. PMID- 3248560 TI - The effect of collagen gel matrix on regeneration of severed rat sciatic nerve- electromyographical and morphological study. PMID- 3248561 TI - Changes of blink reflex after intravenous glucose loading in patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3248562 TI - Localized nerve damage recorded intraoperatively in carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 3248563 TI - Ischemia and motor nerve conduction in diabetic neuropathy: some physiopathological considerations. PMID- 3248564 TI - Muscle activity and motor nerve sprouting: an electrophysiological study in man. PMID- 3248565 TI - Configuration and selectivity of the branched EMG-electrodes. PMID- 3248566 TI - Is a migraine patient more sensitive to stressors? A neuropsychological and neurophysiological study. PMID- 3248567 TI - The effects of caloric vestibular stimulation on the soleus alpha motoneurons reinvestigated in man. PMID- 3248569 TI - Sequential estimation of power spectra for non stationary myoelectric signals. PMID- 3248568 TI - The H-reflex of the medial vastus muscle: a study in controls and patients with radiculopathy. PMID- 3248570 TI - Effects of an analgesic, fentanyl and of a sedative, droperidol, on the somatosensory evoked potentials in dogs. PMID- 3248571 TI - Dens evaginatus in the Hong Kong Chinese population. PMID- 3248572 TI - Quantitative chemical study of root canal preparations with calcium hydroxide. PMID- 3248573 TI - Healing of apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment using three different root canal sealers. PMID- 3248574 TI - Prevalence and quality of endodontic treatment in an urban adult population in Norway. PMID- 3248575 TI - Orofacial pain--troll and control: five topics on clinical problems. PMID- 3248577 TI - Bleaching of discoloured root-filled teeth. PMID- 3248576 TI - Long-term splinting of maxillary incisor with intra-alveolar root fracture. PMID- 3248578 TI - Resorption and mineralization processes following root fracture of permanent incisors. PMID- 3248579 TI - The root and root canal anatomy of maxillary molars in a Chinese population. PMID- 3248580 TI - Periodontal fiber attachment and apical root resorption. PMID- 3248581 TI - Root canal anatomy of mandibular first premolars in a southern Chinese population. PMID- 3248582 TI - Comparative debridement study between hand and sonic instrumentation of the root canal. PMID- 3248583 TI - Endodontic treatment of a canine with a talon cusp. PMID- 3248584 TI - Metastatic carcinoma of the mandible mimicking periapical lesion of endodontic origin. PMID- 3248585 TI - Blood serum gastrin level in women at labour and in their healthy neonates born by vaginal delivery and cesarean section. PMID- 3248587 TI - [Serum lysozyme activity in patients with hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3248586 TI - [Total and free testosterone and androgen binding globulin (SHBG) in women with the features of androgenization]. PMID- 3248588 TI - [Determining the optimal time and the minimal number of analyses of blood serum cortisol level in endocrinological diagnosis]. PMID- 3248589 TI - Some methods and applications of flow cytometric DNA analysis clinical and experimental oncology. PMID- 3248590 TI - Open coiled springs and expansion in non-extraction treatment. PMID- 3248591 TI - Compromise treatment to crossbite in an asymmetric patient with internal derangement. PMID- 3248592 TI - 3,5-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives. II--N-substituted 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3,5 diphenyl-1H-pyrazoles and their 4-bromo derivatives with analgesic and other activities. AB - The synthesis of N-substituted 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazoles and their 4-bromo derivatives (V) by reaction of primary and secondary amines with the tosylates of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole and its 4-bromo derivative is described. Some of compounds (V) showed a remarkable analgesic activity in mice. Moreover, the above compounds usually exhibited moderate hypotensive, bradycardiac and antiinflammatory activities in rats, infiltration anesthesia in mice, as well as a weak platelet antiaggregating activity in vitro. PMID- 3248593 TI - [Synthesis, antisecretory, and anti-ulcer activity of new 5-arylidene-2 ureidoalkyl-3-pyridazinones]. AB - By addition of methylisocyanate to 5-arylidene 2-aminoalkyl 3-pyridazinones a series of derivatives substituted in the 2-position by an ureidoalkyl moiety was obtained in good yields. Gastric antisecretory and anti-ulcer activities of these new compounds were evaluated. The influence of the substituents attached to the pyridazine ring was discussed. PMID- 3248594 TI - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some pyrrole derivatives. III--2-(4 arylpiperazino)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-aryl-pyrrole derivatives. AB - The synthesis of 3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-aryl-pyrrole derivatives with an arylpiperazine group in position 2 is described. The in vitro biological investigation showed that compound (XVIII) had considerable antibacterial activity against gram-positive microorganisms and antifungal activity against Candida rugosa, while the other compounds did not show any significative activity. PMID- 3248595 TI - [Spectral and thermal characterization of cephalosporins. I. Cefadroxil and cefalexin]. AB - Cefadroxil and cefalexine were characterized by thermal and spectral analysis. A vibrational study by infrared and Raman spectroscopies was made to connect the structural data with the antibacterial activity. PMID- 3248596 TI - [Electrical activity of the cardiac and vertebral sympathetic nerves with cardiogenic depressor reflexes]. PMID- 3248598 TI - [Modeling of the process of oxygen transport to tissues in acute hemic hypoxia]. PMID- 3248599 TI - [Aggregation capability of thrombocytes in rabbits with acute hypoxia and pathogenetic prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications]. PMID- 3248597 TI - [A morphometric analysis of erythrocytes and the level of antiviral antibodies in the carp blood at the final stage of the infectious process]. PMID- 3248600 TI - [Formation of a humoral immune response to Staphylococci in mice]. PMID- 3248602 TI - [Individual reactivity of the human respiratory system and its evaluation]. PMID- 3248601 TI - [Structural and functional features of the myocardial microcirculatory bed after resection of the lungs]. PMID- 3248603 TI - [Dynamics of neuronal activity of a lateral septal nucleus in the sleep wakefulness cycle]. PMID- 3248604 TI - [Ionic conductivity of cell membranes in developing loach embryos]. PMID- 3248605 TI - [Role of catecholaminergic systems of the bird brain in regulating gonadal function]. PMID- 3248606 TI - [Electrical and contractile activity of smooth muscles in the human antrum]. PMID- 3248607 TI - [Effect of superoxide dismutase on the secretory function of the stomach]. PMID- 3248608 TI - [Effect of neurotensin on circulation and oxygen consumption of the intestines]. PMID- 3248610 TI - [Effect of ionol on the hematoparenchymatous barrier of the rat myocardium in hypoxic hypoxia]. PMID- 3248609 TI - [Effect of enterally administered fluoride on transepithelial sodium and calcium flow and on the accumulation of these cations in intestinal tissue]. PMID- 3248611 TI - [Effect of neurohypophyseal hormones on hepatic circulation]. PMID- 3248612 TI - [Response of the gastric mucosa and its blood flow to acute stress in young and old rats]. PMID- 3248613 TI - [Adaptation of the cardiovascular system of boys of various ages to training exercises (swimming)]. PMID- 3248614 TI - [Age-related features of the realization of motor reactions during aging and Parkinson's disease from the results of measuring the duration of a simple motor reaction]. PMID- 3248615 TI - [Biological equivalents of noise, local vibration, temperature and air mobility during their combined action on the human body]. PMID- 3248616 TI - Sodium hypochlorite: potentially toxic in its use as an endodontic irrigant. PMID- 3248617 TI - A quantitative measurement of dentin adhesion defects for posterior composites in Class II restorations. PMID- 3248618 TI - Citric acid and fibronectin in periodontal therapy. PMID- 3248619 TI - Periodontal-occlusal interrelationships: a perspective. PMID- 3248620 TI - Keeping sore muscles at bay. PMID- 3248621 TI - Painless lesions increasing in severity. Venereal warts. PMID- 3248622 TI - Inositol phosphate metabolism and its relationship to calcium signalling. PMID- 3248624 TI - Attitudes of dental assistants toward continuing education. PMID- 3248623 TI - [The studies on the loss and recovery of the steroid binding ability of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor]. AB - We examined the mechanism of loss and recovery of steroid binding activity (inactivation and reactivation) of the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the cell free condition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were adrenectomized 2 days before the hepatectomy for the experiments, and were fed with normal diet and saline. The cytosol was prepared in 10mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 10% glycerol (PG buffer). The nuclei were isolated by centrifuging at 800 x g for 20 min at 4 degrees C in 10mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.32M sucrose, 3mM MgCl2, then centrifuged again at 40,000 x g for 20 min at 4 degrees C in 10mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1.8M sucrose, 3mM MgCl2. The glucocorticoid receptor was partially purified by affinity chromatography with DOC-Sepharose 6B, and column chromatography with Sephacryl S-300 and DEAE-cellulose in the presence of molybdate throughout the procedure. The steroid binding activity of the cytosol prepared in PG buffer was inactivated by following procedures; either 1) treatment with 1% activated charcoal, 2) dialysis against 500 volumes of PG buffer, 3) incubation at 37 degrees C for 30 min, or 4) incubation in high salt condition (0.4M KCl) at 0 degrees C for 16h. When the steroid binding activity was inactivated by incubation at 0 degrees C for 16hr and charcoal treatment, dithiothreitol (DTT) and NADPH were effective on reactivation, while glutathione (reduced form) was ineffective. Antipain increased the reactivated steroid binding activity in these cases. The steroid binding activity, which was inactivated by dialysis, was slightly recovered by DTT or NADPH, but antipain was ineffective. We could not reactivate steroid binding activity which was inactivated by incubation at 37 degrees C for 30 min or high salt (0.4M KCl) treatment with any reagent we tested. Leupeptin, however, partially prevented the high salt inactivation. When the cytosol prepared in PG buffer was labeled with 3H-dexamethasone (Dex) and then incubated at 25 degrees C for 30 min, 3H-Dex labeled steroid receptors was transformed and it also lost its steroid binding activity partially. DTT or NADPH increased steroid binding activity, but did not increase nuclear binding activity. Interestingly, by dialysis, the cytosol glucocorticoid receptors was not transformed in the PG buffer. We also examined the reactivation of steroid receptor using the partially purified receptor. To remove molybdate, the partially purified receptor was dialyzed against PG buffer. Large part of steroid binding activity was lost during the dialysis. DTT, however, reactivated steroid binding activity without molybdate, and also S-value of reactivated receptor was undistinguishable from the untransformed (molybdate stabilized) receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3248626 TI - Federal AIDS anti-discrimination laws urged. PMID- 3248625 TI - Surveys: tailoring services to patients' needs. PMID- 3248627 TI - The role of the dental assistant in rubber dam preparation, application, and removal. Part II. PMID- 3248628 TI - Radiography certification: predicting the success of office-trained assistants. PMID- 3248629 TI - National marketing survey. PMID- 3248630 TI - Loss control: protection today's dentist needs. PMID- 3248632 TI - Drugs in dentistry. Penicillins. PMID- 3248631 TI - Excellence in dentistry: posterior rehabilitation using cast gold onlays. PMID- 3248633 TI - AIDS vaccine causes an immune response. PMID- 3248634 TI - Staff salaries and benefits: national and regional survey. PMID- 3248635 TI - The future of dental staffing: are you prepared? PMID- 3248637 TI - 4 key elements of a successful recall system. PMID- 3248636 TI - Using photography to gain case acceptance. PMID- 3248638 TI - Drugs in dentistry. The erythromycins. PMID- 3248639 TI - ACET--a new initiative in the fight against AIDS. PMID- 3248641 TI - Hiring an associate wasn't the answer. PMID- 3248640 TI - Infection control and liability. PMID- 3248642 TI - The key to staff motivation. PMID- 3248643 TI - The benefits of foresight. PMID- 3248645 TI - Who will take charge? PMID- 3248644 TI - Salaries increasing for auxiliaries. PMID- 3248646 TI - The benefits of cross-training. PMID- 3248647 TI - Viewpoint: service with a smile. PMID- 3248649 TI - Is there a laser in your future? PMID- 3248650 TI - Patient personality assessment improves case presentations. PMID- 3248648 TI - Why you need a buy-sell agreement. PMID- 3248651 TI - A defense against malpractice liability. PMID- 3248653 TI - Inflexibility a barrier to success of practice. PMID- 3248652 TI - Eliminate staff turnover. PMID- 3248654 TI - New regulations governing use of hazardous substances at work. PMID- 3248655 TI - Keeping one's nose clean. PMID- 3248656 TI - Focus on die materials. PMID- 3248657 TI - The clinical performance of a posterior composite. PMID- 3248658 TI - Oral candidosis: 1. Clinicopathological aspects. PMID- 3248660 TI - Medical aspects of ageing. PMID- 3248659 TI - Restoration of the minimal carious lesion using composite resin. PMID- 3248661 TI - Dental trauma: 2. Coronal fractures of immature permanent incisor teeth. PMID- 3248662 TI - The role of anatomy in the initiation and spread of periodontal disease: 2. PMID- 3248663 TI - Pre-endodontic treatment. PMID- 3248664 TI - An unusual subgingival foreign body. PMID- 3248666 TI - Xanthine oxidase activity and immunologically detectable protein in the C57B1/6 mouse. AB - 1. Xanthine oxidase (XO) was purified from livers of C57B1/6 mice. Antibodies generated against the purified protein were used in an immunoassay to measure total XO protein. 2. Both the specific activity and amount of XO protein were greater in the proximal small intestine than in the liver. A pool of inactive enzyme was present in the small intestine which developed after weaning. 3. Male C57B1/6 mice had the same XO specific activity as females and neither the hepatic nor the intestinal XO activity were affected by the level of dietary protein. 4. When mice were fed diets with tungsten, XO activity was lost and the amount of XO protein in the small intestine was decreased. PMID- 3248665 TI - Do pyrimidine nucleotides regulate translatability of globin mRNA as purine nucleotides do? AB - 1. When rabbit globin mRNA was incubated with rabbit reticulocyte lysate in the presence of various concentrations of nucleotides, globin synthesis was inhibited or stimulated dependent on dose. 2. Pyrimidine nucleotides inhibited protein synthesis at 0.3 mM, whereas 2 mM of purine nucleotides were required to cause similar inhibition. 3. Adenosine mono- and diphosphate inhibited globin synthesis at a concentration of only 1 mM; however, the sequence is AMP greater than ADP greater than ATP. 4. Translation arrest by these nucleotides was instantaneous. 5. These results suggest that these nucleotides may provide a structural component for maintaining the integrity, the conformation of mRNA or of the messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP). PMID- 3248667 TI - Chromatographic and enzymatic effects on transfer factor-like activity from human leukocytes and porcine spleen dialysate. AB - 1. The effect of dialysable transfer factor (TFd), derived from human leukocytes or porcine spleen cells, was measured using Listeria resistance in mice. 2. The molecular weight range of substance(s) containing TF-like activity is in the less than 3500 MW dialysis fraction on the basis of the capacity of peritoneal macrophages to produce superoxide anion (O2-). This biological activity is removed by heating at 56 degrees C. 3. After Sephadex G-10 chromatography of dialysates the significant activities are found in fractions III and IV of human leukocyte dialysate and in fractions of II and III of porcine spleen dialysate. 4. From enzymatic studies, most of the protective activity of both human leukocyte and porcine spleen dialysate is based on the action of small-molecular weight structures containing peptides and/or polynucleotides. PMID- 3248668 TI - Inhibition of the redox cycling of vitamin K3 (menadione) in mouse liver microsomes. AB - 1. Concentration-dependent effects of vitamin K1, coenzyme Q10, butylated hydroxytoluene, nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid and Fe-initiated lipid peroxidation on redox cycling of vitamin K3 were studied in mouse liver microsomes in vitro. 2. The antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene, nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid) caused apparent non-competitive inhibition of vitamin K3 redox cycling. 3. Vitamin K1 and coenzyme Q10 caused competitive inhibition of the redox cycling (Ki = 33 and 46 microM, respectively). 4. Fe-initiated microsomal lipid peroxidation caused irreversible decrease of one-electron reduction of vitamin K3. 5. The role of NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase along with mechanisms of these inhibitions are discussed. PMID- 3248669 TI - Degradation and processing of cholecystokinin in guinea pig fundic gastric glands. AB - The degradation of 125I-CCK8 in guinea pig fundic gastric glands was time and temperature dependent. At both 24 and 37 degrees C, dithiothreitol (DTT) and chloroquine reduced the degradation of the internalized 125I-CCK8. After 60 min of binding, DTT, chloroquine and DTT plus chloroquine together significantly reduced radioligand degradation by 43, 55 and 66%, respectively, compared to control at 24 degrees C, and these differences remained significant after 1, 2 and 3 hr of processing. Similar effects were noted at 37 degrees C. About 75% of the radioactivity appearing in the supernatant after 60 min of exocytosis at 37 degrees C represented degraded material as measured by both Sep-Pak chromatography and rebinding methods. DTT and chloroquine both significantly reduced the amounts of degraded radioligand exocytosed from these glands. PMID- 3248670 TI - Human placenta S-adenosylmethionine: protein carboxyl O-methyltransferase (protein methylase II). Purification and characterization. AB - 1. Protein methylase II was purified from human placenta approx. 8700-fold with a yield of 14%. 2. Unlike protein methylase II from other sources, the activity of human placenta enzyme was completely inhibited by 2 mM Cu2+. Other divalent ions were without effect. 3. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), immunoglobulin A and calf thymus histones served as good in vitro substrates for the enzyme, particularly HCG. 4. The Km for S-adenosyl-L-methionine and Ki for S-adenosyl-L homocysteine were 2.08 x 10(-6) and 5.8 x 10(-7) M, respectively. 5. The protein methylase II activity in human placenta changed with gestational age, the activity at 1st and 2nd trimester being approximately twice that of term placenta. PMID- 3248671 TI - The characterization of phospholipids associated with microtubules, purified tubulin and microtubule associated proteins in vitro. AB - 1. Significant levels of total phospholipid phosphate were detected in highly purified microtubule protein preparations. 2. While the phospholipid profiles of total microtubule proteins and microtubule-associated proteins showed both similarities and differences to that of a whole brain homogenate, purified tubulin was associated only with phospholipids that were not detectable in the latter. 3. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine, found exclusively in a fraction of microtubule associated proteins, stimulated microtubule assembly in vitro. PMID- 3248672 TI - Trypanosoma brucei brucei: the catabolism of glycolytic intermediates by digitonin-permeabilized bloodstream trypomastigotes and some aspects of regulation of anaerobic glycolysis. AB - 1. The production of pyruvate, glycerol and glycerol-3-phosphate by intact and digitonin-permeabilized Trypanosoma brucei brucei has been studied with glucose or the glycolytic intermediates as substrates. 2. Under aerobic conditions hexosephosphates gave maximal glycolysis in the presence of 40-60 micrograms digitonin/10(8) trypanosomes while the triosephosphates gave it at 20-30 micrograms digitonin/10(8) trypanosomes. 3. In the presence of salicylhydroxamic acid, and the glycolytic intermediates, permeabilized trypanosomes produced equimolar amounts of pyruvate and glycerol-3-phosphate and no glycerol. Under the same conditions, glucose catabolism produced glycerol in addition to pyruvated and glycerol-3-phosphate. 4. In the presence of salicylhydroxamic acid and ATP or ADP intact trypanosomes produced equimolar amounts of pyruvate and (glycerol plus glycerol-3-phosphate) with glucose as substrate. 5. A carrier for ATP and ADP at the glycosomal membrane is implicated. 6. It is apparent that glycerol formation is regulated by the ATP/ADP ratio and that it needs intact glycosomal membrane and the presence of glucose. PMID- 3248673 TI - Bovine serum sialic acid: age-related changes in type and content. AB - 1. The sialic acid content of newborn calf serum (4.8 mumol/ml) is approx. 3-fold higher than that of mature animals (1.4 mumol/ml) and decreases to 2.4 mumol/ml at 20 days of age. Colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived calves have similar levels of sialic acid from birth to 14 days of age. 2. The high level of sialic acid in newborn calf serum is due predominantly to N-acetylneuraminic acid, since this sialic acid accounts for 93% of the total and since less than 5% of the sialic acid is O-acetylated. 3. Comparison of day 0 and day 20 serum by gel filtration and by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrates that the increase in sialic acid is associated with increased production and/or sialylation of components with MW of 45-60 kDa. 4. A high percentage (64%) of the sialic acid in newborn calf serum is detected with the lipid-linked sialic acid assay, relative to 20 day old (25%) or mature (18%) animals. 5. This indicates that the glycoproteins of newborn calf serum are more efficiently extracted under the conditions of this assay than glycoproteins of mature serum. PMID- 3248674 TI - Stereospecific deamination of benzylamine catalyzed by different amine oxidases. AB - 1. Stereospecific deuterated benzylamine enantiomers, R(alpha-2H1)-and S(alpha 2H1)-benzylamine, were synthesized by a combined chemical and enzymatic method. 2. The retention or cleavage of the deuterium atom during deamination of benzylamine catalyzed by amine oxidases from different sources was assessed by a GC-MS procedure and confirmed by HPLC separation of the products and by the observation of a deuterium isotope effect. 3. Three types of stereospecific abstraction of hydrogen atoms from the alpha-carbon of benzylamine during deamination were observed: (a) In the first type of deamination the pro-R hydrogen is removed from the alpha-carbon. Enzymes in this category are mitochondrial MAO from different tissues; (b) The second type of deamination involves the abstraction of pro-S hydrogen. Soluble enzymes such as rat aorta benzylamine oxidase or diamine oxidase from hog kidney and pea seedling have been found to belong to this group; and (c) Bovine plasma amine oxidase exhibits the third type of deamination where no absolute stereospecificity is required. 4. The kinetic deuterium isotope effect during the deamination of benzylamine by the different amine oxidase varies greatly, i.e. VH/VD ranged from 1.7 to 4.0. PMID- 3248675 TI - Lack of evidence for a pyruvate kinase isozyme shift in hepatocytes of the regenerating rat liver. AB - 1. Pyruvate kinase isozyme shift in a regenerating rat liver was studied. Rats were subjected to a 70% hepatectomy and the liver homogenate or hepatocyte preparations were obtained from the regenerating liver. 2. Using thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, liver homogenates from an intact normal rat appeared to contain the L-type isozyme in the greatest number and M2-type to a lesser extent. 3. The ratio of the M2- to L-type increased in the preparations obtained from the regenerating liver. 4. In the hepatocyte preparations prepared from a regenerating rat liver by the conventional method, a small amount of M2 type isozyme was detected. 5. However, the M2-type isozyme was hardly detected in the highly purified hepatocyte preparations prepared using Percoll. 6. Similar results were obtained by separation of the enzyme by DEAE cellulose column chromatography. 7. These results suggest that there is no pyruvate kinase isozyme shift from L- to M2-type in hepatocytes in the course of regeneration. 8. The increased M2-type isozyme in the regenerating rat liver is considered to originate from nonparenchymal cells. PMID- 3248677 TI - Kallikrein-like enzyme from the venom of Agkistrodon p. piscivorus. AB - 1. A kallikrein-like enzyme was isolated from Agkistrodon p. piscivorus venom by Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Sephacel and S-Sepharose column chromatographies. 2. A kallikrein-like enzyme was shown to be homogeneous as demonstrated by a single band on acrylamide gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. 3. Its molecular weight is approx. 29,000 with an isoelectric point of 7.8. 4. A kallikrein-like enzyme is able to cleave a kininogen analog to release bradykinin, and the B beta chain of fibrinogen. These proteolytic and tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester hydrolytic activities were inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, suggesting that the serine hydroxyl group is involved in enzymatic activities. PMID- 3248676 TI - Effects of experimental diabetes on rat hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo. AB - 1. The stimulated levels of phenylanine hydroxylase activity in liver extracts from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (Donlon and Beirne, 1982) have been correlated with an increased rate of phenylalanine catabolism in vivo. 2. The levels of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase protein in diabetic rats become elevated. This effect is not seen in diabetic animals concurrently treated with insulin. 3. The rate of synthesis of liver phenylalanine hydroxylase in 5-day diabetics is 260% that of control animals. 4. These observations are discussed with reference to the regulation of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase and phenylanine metabolism in rats. PMID- 3248678 TI - Studies on the nature of thiamine pyrophosphate binding and dependency on divalent cations of transketolase from human erythrocytes. AB - 1. The binding kinetics for [35S]thiamine pyrophosphate to transketolase and the dependency of transketolase on divalent cations for activity were investigated. 2. With Scatchard analysis, dissociation constant (Kd) and n value were calculated to be 0.2 x 10(-6) M and 0.66 respectively. 3. The activity of the reconstituted enzyme increased in the order of Co2+ less than Mn2+ less than Ca2+ less than Mg2+. The native transketolase contained Mg2+ in its molecular structure. PMID- 3248679 TI - Dissociation-association of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes: influences on the formation of tetramers versus dimers of M4-LDH and H4-LDH. AB - 1. A molecular sieve membrane was used to separate active dimer vs active tetramer fractions of M4-LDH and H4-LDH. 2. Dissociation of both enzymes was influenced by enzyme protein concentration and by the concentration of added substrates, pyruvate or lactate. 3. Increasing lactate concentrations increased the fraction of tetrameric enzyme whereas increasing pyruvate (up to saturating levels) had the opposite effect, raising the content of dimer fraction. 4. For H4 LDH, levels of pyruvate that caused substrate inhibition reversed the effect of lower concentrations of pyruvate and reduced the dimer content. 5. The data suggest that dissociation-association of LDH may have functional importance, the dimer having a preferential role in pyruvate reduction and the tetramer a preferred function in lactate oxidation. PMID- 3248681 TI - Transition-state analogues as inhibitors of L-dopa decarboxylase. AB - 1. A series of compounds has been prepared which are analogues of the transition state of the reaction catalysed by L-dopa decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28). 2. These compounds are reduced adducts of the substrate (L-dopa) and coenzyme (pyridoxal phosphate), as well as analogues of these substances (D-dopa, pyridoxal and salicaldehyde). 3. Compounds were also prepared with an oxazine link between the 3'-oxygen and the nitrogen attached to the 4'-carbon of the aldehyde moiety. 4. None of the D-dopa adducts produced any significant inhibition, but the L-dopa adducts were all active at millimolar levels, with the oxazine derivatives being more active than their parent compounds. 5. Inhibition was competitive with respect to L-dopa, but was neither competitive nor non-competitive with respect to pyridoxal phosphate. 6. The most active compound tested was the oxazine derivative of the L-dopa/salicaldehyde adduct, with an estimated Ki of 58.0 microM. 7. Increased inhibitory activity was observed when enzyme depleted of pyridoxal phosphate was used. PMID- 3248680 TI - Influence of glycerol on the activity and tetramer-dimer state of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes. AB - 1. The effects of glycerol on H4 and M4 isozymes of LDH were studied at 5 degrees C. 2. For H4-LDH, glycerol at 1 or 3% progressively shifted the pyruvate concentration that produced optimal activity to a lower value; glycerol at 1% also markedly increased enzyme relative activity at low enzyme concentration. 3. Correlated with this was a parallel change in H4-LDH dissociation-association as glycerol increased with maximal content of the active dimer found always at the pyruvate concentration producing maximal enzyme activity, and a progressive decrease in dimer content at concentrations of pyruvate that produced substrate inhibition. 4. These experiments confirm the functional importance of dimer tetramer interconversions in promoting the pyruvate-reducing vs lactate-oxidizing activities of LDH. 5. Glycerol also enhanced enzyme ternary complex formation, elution of H4-LDH from AMP-Sepharose by low concentrations of ADP-ribose increasing in the presence of 1 or 3% glycerol. PMID- 3248682 TI - Purification and partial amino acid sequencing of alkaline phosphatase from rachitic rat epiphyseal cartilage. AB - 1. Alkaline phosphatase of rachitic epiphyseal cartilage was purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential application of monoclonal affinity, DEAE-cellulose, and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme showed the presence of a dominant band corresponding to a molecular weight of 80,000. 2. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as follows: Phe-Val-Pro-Glu-Lys5-Glu-Lys-Asp-Pro-Ser10 Tyr-Trp-Arg-Gln-+ ++Gln15-Ala-Gln-Glu- Thr-Leu20-Lys-Asn-Ala-Leu-Lys25-Leu-Gln Lys-?-Asn-Val-Asn-?- Ala-Lys35-?-Ile-?- Met-Phe40-Leu-(Gly?)-Asp-(Ala/Gly?)-Met45 ?-Val-?- (Val/Gly?). PMID- 3248683 TI - Chain-fluorinated polyamines as tumor markers--IV. Comparison of 2 fluoroputrescine and 2,2-difluoroputrescine as substrates of spermidine synthase in vitro and in vivo. AB - 1. 2-Fluoroputrescine has a high affinity for spermidine synthase (Km 12 microM) and obeys normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics. 2. The only product of the spermidine synthase-catalysed aminopropylation of 2-fluoroputrescine is 6-fluorospermidine. Formation of the isomeric 7-fluorospermidine could not be detected. 3. 2,2 Difluoroputrescine has even a higher affinity for spermidine synthase than putrescine and 2-fluoroputrescine; however, at concentrations greater than 25 microM one observes inhibition of the aminopropylation reaction. 4. Competition experiments between putrescine and 2,2-difluoroputrescine revealed mixed type inhibition. 5. HTC cells in suspension culture incorporated only small amounts of 2-fluoroputrescine, and even less in the case of 2,2-difluoroputrescine, if they were exposed to 10 microM concentrations of these diamines for up to 24 hr. However, in the presence of 0.5 mM DFMO, a concentration not sufficient to decrease cell growth significantly, but sufficient to decrease cellular putrescine and spermidine concentrations, the uptake of the chain-fluorinated diamines and their transformation into the fluorinated polyamine analogues was dramatically enhanced. In comparison with the difluoro analogues the accumulation rate of monofluoropolyamines was greater by a factor of about two. 6. 6 Fluorospermidine and 6-fluorospermine could be detected in significant quantities in nearly all tissues of mice 48 hr after a single dose (500 mg/kg) of 2 fluoroputrescine. In an analogous experiment with 2,2-difluoroputrescine, the formation of chain-fluorinated polyamines was considerably smaller. 7. Pretreatment of Lewis lung carcinoma bearing C57BL mice with alpha difluoromethylornithine enhanced the incorporation of 2-fluoroputrescine into all organs, except the brain. Tumor and small intestines showed by far the highest accumulation of 6-fluoropolyamines. 8. Under identical experimental conditions the accumulation of chain-fluorinated polyamines in tumor tissue was more than twice as high with 2-fluoroputrescine as precursor than with the same dose of 2,2 difluoroputrescine. In normal tissues the difference between the uptake of 2 fluoroputrescine and 2,2-difluoroputrescine was usually even greater. 9. From the fact that the accumulation of 6-fluoropolyamines is less selective in tumors than that of 6,6-difluoropolyamines, and from the lower detection sensitivity due to its lower fluorine content, we conclude that 2,2-difluoroputrescine is more advantageous as a tumor marker than 2-fluoroputrescine for detection with 19F-NMR spectroscopy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3248684 TI - Differences among chicken erythrocyte histones H1 and H5 in associating with H1 depleted polynucleosomes. AB - 1. Chicken erythrocyte histones H1a, H1b and H5 were associated to H1-depleted polynucleosomes from rat liver and the products were probed by digestion with micrococcal nuclease. 2. The digestion response of complexes with purified H1a or H1b resembled that of native polynucleosomes, while the digestion response of complexes with purified H5 exhibited specific different features--but none of these complexes resembled those with unfractionated histones H1a, H1b and H5. 3. However, after mixing purified histones H1a, H1b and H5 in the proportions (0.15:0.25:0.9) as these occur in erythrocyte nuclei and associating this mixture, the digestion response of the complexes was similar to that of the complexes with unfractionated histones. PMID- 3248685 TI - The thermal diffusivity of two replica resins. PMID- 3248686 TI - Color changes of composites on exposure to various energy sources. PMID- 3248687 TI - Accuracy of impression materials in a semi-clinical model. PMID- 3248688 TI - An investigation into the effects of dense hydroxyapatite on bone strength. PMID- 3248690 TI - Comparative flow characteristics of selected dental materials with emphasis on thixotropic behavior. PMID- 3248689 TI - Mercury vaporization from corroded dental amalgam. PMID- 3248691 TI - Corrosion current between fresh and old amalgam. PMID- 3248692 TI - Effect of impact stress on the wear of some restorative materials and enamel. PMID- 3248693 TI - Surface characteristics of finished posterior composite resins. PMID- 3248694 TI - Decrease in reflectance of porcelains treated with APF gels. PMID- 3248695 TI - Effect of the time from application until exposure to light on the tag lengths of a visible light-polymerized sealant. PMID- 3248696 TI - Thermal analysis of amalgams. PMID- 3248697 TI - [Mitral insufficiency caused by floppy valve: results of conservative surgical treatment]. AB - Between January 1986 and November 1987, 31 patients (pt.) underwent reconstructive surgery for mitral regurgitation secondary to floppy valve. Six pt. were in NYHA functional class IV, 22 in III class and 3 in II class. The mitral valve prolapse was posterior in 20 cases, anterior in 7 cases and bilateral in 4 cases. Chordal rupture was present in 18 pt. The mitral valve was repaired by quadrangular excision of the mural leaflet and posterior annuloplasty performed by insertion of polytetrafluoroethylene graft. The anterior prolapse was managed by transposition of chordae from the mural leaflet to the prolapsed part of the anterior leaflet (11 cases). One patient died perioperatively from myocardial infarction. Subsequent follow-up (length: 12.1 +/- 4.9 months) revealed good functional and clinical results: all pt. were alive, in NYHA class I or II (3 pt.). Echocardiographic studies revealed a decrease in diastolic (3.68 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.17 +/- 0.3 cm/m2) and systolic (2.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.15 +/- 0.4 cm/m2) diameter. The shortening fraction did not decline significantly. The mitral area fell from 6.0 +/- 2.0 cm2 to 3.1 +/- 1.1 cm2. A moderate residual regurgitation was present in two pt. and a severe regurgitation was found in only one pt. Our experience suggests that valve repair may be considered the most suitable type of operation for mitral regurgitation secondary to floppy valve. PMID- 3248698 TI - [Reproducibility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring]. AB - Short-term blood pressure variability has been studied extensively with monitoring techniques. To assess whether or not and to what extent average 24 hour blood pressure varies when repeatedly recorded, 12 mild to moderate hypertensive subjects underwent 3 non-invasive blood pressure monitorings at monthly intervals. When the average 24-hour blood pressure of the whole group was evaluated no substantial differences were found between the 3 recordings, even though slightly lower blood pressure values were recorded at the first monitoring. However, when the within-period comparison was studied in the single patients, remarkable discrepancies of up to 20.9/15.8 mmHg were detected. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure variations greater than or equal to 5 mmHg were recorded in 58% of the subjects. These differences were unrelated to the number of faulty readings. Casual blood pressure varied even to a greater extent between the first and the subsequent visits; no correlation was found between casual and 24-hour blood pressure variations. The results of the present study indicate that ambulatory blood pressure may vary even to a great extent when repeatedly recorded. This finding entails important clinical implications, as the evaluation of the hypertensive patient is usually made with a single blood pressure monitoring. PMID- 3248699 TI - [Type A personality and risk of post-infarction coronary events]. AB - The purpose of this study was to verify the prevalence of Coronary-prone Behaviour Pattern in a group of eighty-eight patients recovering from their first episode of myocardial infarction. These patients were followed for a period of 4 years to verify the eventual appearance of coronary events, after their first myocardial infarction, with high Coronary-prone Behaviour Pattern levels. The results showed that the number of subjects who died from recurrent myocardial infarction was nearly twice as high in type B, non coronary-prone subjects, as in type A subjects. The Authors hypothesize that specific ways of coping with stressful events adopted by type A subjects may constitute a protection factor as regards the risk of death from recurrent myocardial infarction. PMID- 3248700 TI - [Type A personality: risk of coronary events or risk of bias?]. PMID- 3248701 TI - [Calcium antagonists in angina pectoris]. PMID- 3248702 TI - Infectious diseases. PMID- 3248703 TI - Television in continuing dental education: a comparison of three methods. PMID- 3248705 TI - Treatment of intra-alveolar root fractures. PMID- 3248704 TI - Clinical evaluation of chemomechanical removal of cervical caries. PMID- 3248706 TI - Alternative treatment plans: use, acceptance, and cost effects. PMID- 3248707 TI - Equilibration and restorative dentistry as treatment for facial pain. PMID- 3248709 TI - Gingival lesion. PMID- 3248708 TI - Diffuse nodularity of the tongue. PMID- 3248710 TI - Further evidence for early sex chromosome differentiation of anuran species. AB - Chromosome banding and meiotic evidence show that XX/XY systems found in two Eupsophus species (Amphibia-Leptodactylidae) represent early stages of sex chromosome differentiation. Pair 14 is heteromorphic in E. migueli males and represents the heterochromosomes. In E. roseus this pair is metacentric and does not show heteromorphism. Paracentromeric constitutive heterochromatin is present in all chromosomes except in the E. migueli and E. roseus metacentric Y chromosomes. Constitutive heterochromatin loss is the structural modification responsible for Y chromosome differentiation. Pericentric inversions may have modified the morphology of the X chromosome of Eupsophus species. PMID- 3248711 TI - The R-banding pattern of the Chinese hamster Don cell line. AB - Chinese hamster cells (Don line) were treated in vivo with 5-BrdU and 33258 Hoechst fluorochrome for obtaining the partial inhibition of condensation that causes the R-banding pattern. Untreated chromosomes were stained by a standard G banding method. Statistical measurements show significant differences in the band numbers between the two treatments. The Don cell line in the authors' laboratory presents some karyotypical differences from Don cell lines studied by other authors. PMID- 3248712 TI - Evolution of digestibility by Hind III: an analysis by light and electron microscopy. AB - Digestion of Chinese hamster metaphase chromosomes from the Don cell line by Hind III restriction endonuclease followed by Giemsa staining were analysed by light and electron microscopy. The evolution of digestibility was studied and four digestion stages were characterized by different levels of chromosome structure. Three different condensation stages were established according to morphological criteria of length, width and separation among chromatids. It was observed that there are statistically significant differences in the digestion progress at the three condensation stages previously defined. PMID- 3248714 TI - Evidence for a link between local and seasonal cycles in gene frequencies and latitudinal gene clines in a cyclic parthenogen. AB - In an earlier study (Rhombergh et al., Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 27: 224-232, 1985) of natural populations of the cyclic parthenogenetic Rose aphids, Macrosiphum rosae, 6 out of 31 loci were found to be polymorphic and one locus (Esterase-4) showed cyclic seasonal changes in gene and genotypic frequencies. Assuming that the Est-4 polymorphism was balanced and due to some climatic factor that varies seasonally, and realizing that most environmental factors that vary seasonally also vary latitudinally, we predicted existence of a latitudinal gene cline at this locus. In the present study we surveyed four polymorphic loci (chosen to be used as markers) in six geographic populations spanning over 1200 km between the United States and Canada and found all four loci to have latitudinal clines. We think that the gene clines are due to a latitudinal cline in the degree of advancement of local populations through the seasonal cycle, and have called such a pattern a 'seasonal phase cline'. The results are discussed in relation to the temporal instability of local patterns and persistence of genetic variability on the large scale in aphids. It is argued that population structure of aphids makes retention of selectively neutral or weakly selected polymorphisms difficult. PMID- 3248713 TI - Taxonomic identification of Drosophila nasuta subgroup strains by glue protein analysis. AB - Protein fractions of salivary glands were analyzed from 30 wildtype strains of eight species belonging to the Drosophila nasuta subgroup by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic patterns indicated several prominent bands which could be shown to represent the major glue protein fractions. The glue protein fractions are species-specific as well as wildtype strain-specific. Wildtype strain specificities are characterized by variations of the species specific patterns. The patterns of the different wildtypes, species, and hybrids were used for taxonomic identification within the nasuta subgroup, in which the females are morphologically indistinguishable and the males differ only by the markings of their frons. The hybrids provide evidence for gonosomal as well as autosomal linkage of individual genes coding for the major glue protein fractions. PMID- 3248715 TI - Papers presented at the New England Biolabs Workshop on Biological DNA Modification. Gloucester, MA (U.S.A.), 20-23 May 1988. PMID- 3248716 TI - Maintenance of methylation patterns in Tetrahymena thermophila. PMID- 3248717 TI - Transformation of Tetrahymena with hypermethylated ribosomal RNA genes. PMID- 3248718 TI - DNA methylation in plants. AB - Both replicative and postreplicative nuclear DNA (nDNA) methylation, with the formation of 5-methylcytosine (mC) residues, occurs in plants. These two types of enzymatic DNA modification are different in amount and nucleotide sequence of methylatable sites, as well as in sensitivity to phytohormones, temperature and various inhibitors of DNA methylation, transcription and replication. The role of DNA methylation in regulation of replication, gene expression and cell differentiation is discussed. PMID- 3248719 TI - Eukaryotic DNA methyltransferase: tissue and species distribution. PMID- 3248720 TI - Relationship between methylation of middle-repetitive DNA sequences in inducer sensitive and resistant clones of Friend erythroleukemia cells and synthesis of poly(A)+ RNA containing homologous repetitive sequences. PMID- 3248721 TI - Overproduction and purification of the M.HhaII methyltransferase from Haemophilus haemolyticus. AB - The HhaII methyltransferase gene from Haemophilus haemolyticus was subcloned in an expression vector under control of the hybrid trp-lac promoter. Induction with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside results in overproduction of the methyltransferase to about 3% of total cellular protein. The methyltransferase was purified to near electrophoretic homogeneity by phosphocellulose, DEAE, and gel chromatography. Its monomer Mr by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is 25 kDa, in good agreement with that predicted from the nucleotide sequence. Crystals of the methyltransferase were obtained in the presence of a two-fold molar excess of the duplex oligodeoxynucleotide substrate 5'd-GGACTCC.CCTGAGG. PMID- 3248722 TI - The 5'-GGATCC-3' cleavage specificity of BamHI is increased to 5'-CCGGATCCGG-3' by sequential double methylation with M.HpaII and M.BamHI. AB - Site-specific DNA methylation is known to block cleavage by a number of restriction endonucleases. We show that methylation at 'non-canonical' DNA modification sites can also block methylation by five of 13 DNA methyltransferases (MTases) tested. Furthermore, MTases and endonucleases that recognize the same nucleotide sequence can differ in their sensitivity to non canonical methylation. In particular, BamHI endonuclease can cut 5'-GGATCm5C efficiently, whereas M.BamHI cannot methylate this modified sequence. Methyltransferase/endonuclease pairs which differ in their sensitivity to non canonical methylation can be exploited to generate rare DNA cleavage sites. For example, we show that M.HpaII, M.BamHI, and BamHI can be used sequentially in a three-step procedure to specifically cleave DNA at the 10-bp sequence 5' CCGGATCCGG. Several highly selective DNA cutting strategies are made possible by these sequential double methylation-blocking reactions. PMID- 3248723 TI - Characterization of the phage P1 dam gene. PMID- 3248725 TI - Recognition of structural perturbations in DNA by human DNA(cytosine 5)methyltransferase. PMID- 3248724 TI - Processing of the bacteriophage P1 packaging site (pac) is regulated by adenine methylation. PMID- 3248726 TI - In vivo existence of left-handed DNA. AB - A genetic-biochemical assay has been developed to investigate the in vivo existence and consequences of unusual DNA structures. Left-handed DNA was shown to exist in living Escherichia coli. The EcoRI methyltransferase gene (temperature-sensitive) was cloned to serve as a probe for perturbed GAATTC sites in vivo. This plasmid was cotransformed with different plasmids containing inserts that had varying capacities to form left-handed helices or cruciforms with a target EcoRI site in the center or at the ends of the inserts. Inhibition of methylation in vivo was found for the stable inserts with the longest left handed helices. In vitro methylation with the purified M.EcoRI enzyme agreed with the in vivo results. PMID- 3248727 TI - Duplication and variation as a phylogenetic principle of type-II DNA methyltransferases. PMID- 3248729 TI - Sequence motifs specific for cytosine methyltransferases. AB - Using a new alignment method, the sequences of 13 m5C methyltransferases (MTases) have been examined. Five extremely well-conserved blocks of sequence have been detected and have been used as fixed points for the alignment of the 13 sequences. Following this initial alignment, five further blocks of similarity have been identified to give a total of ten recognizable blocks of sequence homology that are all arranged in a common order. The structures of these MTases consist of a variable-length N-terminal arm followed by eight well-conserved blocks each separated by small variable-length regions. A large variable-length segment of 90 to 270 amino acids (aa) then follows. After this are two blocks, and a variable-length C-terminal segment completes the sequence. Within the final alignment, 20 aa in the protein sequences, and 86 nucleotides in the nucleotide sequences are invariant. The strongest conservation is found in proximity to a suspected functional site that contains the dipeptide proline-cysteine. Consensus patterns can be defined for the five best conserved blocks and, when used as search motifs, are able to clearly distinguish between the m5C MTases and all other identified proteins in the PIR database. This suggests they may be of use in identifying putative MTases among protein sequences of unknown function. PMID- 3248728 TI - The amino acid sequence of the eukaryotic DNA [N6-adenine]methyltransferase, M.CviBIII, has regions of similarity with the prokaryotic isoschizomer M.TaqI and other DNA [N6-adenine] methyltransferases. AB - The sequences of the genes coding for M.CviBIII (from virus NC-1A which infects a eukaryotic alga) [Narva et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (1987) 9807-9823] and M.TaqI (from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus) [Slatko et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (1987) 9781-9796] have been determined recently. Both enzymes methylate adenine in the sequence TCGA. We have compared the predicted amino acid sequences of these two methyltransferases (MTases), with each other and with ten other N6 A MTases and find regions of similarity. M.CviBIII and M.TaqI were most closely related followed by M.PaeR7, whose recognition sequence (CTCGAG) contains the M.TaqI/M.CviBIII recognition sequence TCGA, and M.PstI, whose recognition sequence is CTGCAG. All of the N6-MTases contain the sequence Asp/Asn-Pro-Pro-Tyr (B-P-P-Y) referred to by Hattman et al. [J. Bacteriol. 164 (1985) 932-937] as region IV. The predicted secondary structure of this region forms a finger-like structure ('beta finger') containing a beta-pleated sheet (...XXXB), two beta turns (P-P) followed by another beta-pleated sheet [Y/FXXX...]. PMID- 3248730 TI - Single amino acid changes which alter the sequence specificity of the T4 and T2 (Dam) DNA-adenine methyltransferases. PMID- 3248731 TI - Characterization of clones of the BamHI methyltransferase gene. PMID- 3248732 TI - Cloning and analysis of the HaeIII and HaeII methyltransferase genes. AB - The HaeIII methyltransferase (MTase) gene from Haemophilus aegyptius (recognition sequence: 5'-GGCC-3') was cloned into Escherichia coli in the plasmid vector pBR322. The gene was isolated on a single EcoRI fragment and on a single HindIII fragment. Clones carrying additional adjacent fragments were found to code also for the HaeII restriction endonuclease and HaeII modification MTase (recognition sequence: 5'-PuGCGCPy-3'). The sequence of the HaeIII modification gene was determined. The inferred amino acid sequence of the protein was found to share extensive similarity with other sequenced m5C-MTases. The central 'non-conserved' region of the M.HaeIII MTase, thought to form the nucleotide sequence-specificity domain, is almost identical to that of the M.BsuRI, M.BspRI and M.NgoPII MTases, which also recognize the sequence 5'-GGCC-3'. PMID- 3248733 TI - An animal virus-induced DNA methyltransferase. PMID- 3248735 TI - [Methodologic approaches to the problem of late sequelae of exposure to occupational factors]. PMID- 3248734 TI - Cloning of a mammalian DNA methyltransferase. AB - Cloning and sequencing of cDNA clones has shown that mammalian DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase comprises a 1000-amino acid (aa) N-terminal region of unknown function and a 570-aa C-terminal region that is clearly related to bacterial type II cytosine restriction methyltransferases. These findings indicate that the mammalian enzyme contains at least two structural domains and suggest a common evolutionary origin for mammalian and prokaryotic DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases. PMID- 3248736 TI - [Roentgenologic diagnosis of osteoporotic changes of the bone structure in persons occupationally exposed to vibration]. PMID- 3248737 TI - [Tunnel syndromes in vibration disease after exposure to local vibration]. PMID- 3248739 TI - [Evaluation of impulse noise at an industrial blacksmith's shop]. PMID- 3248738 TI - [Relation of intensive occupational noise and the incidence of cardiovascular pathology in organized women's collectives of Moscow and Havana (data of simultaneous epidemiologic studies]. PMID- 3248740 TI - [Characteristics of functional reorganization of the body after exposure to noise in the initial period of work activity]. PMID- 3248742 TI - [Necessity of a unified concept of adaptation]. PMID- 3248743 TI - [Industrial plants as a source of noise for adjacent districts]. PMID- 3248744 TI - [Evaluation of the electric field in the work area of operators of manual electric painting equipment]. PMID- 3248741 TI - [Evaluation of oncologic risk of patients with asbestosis based on an epidemiologic study]. PMID- 3248745 TI - [Stimulation of pathologically weak kininogenesis with andekalin microdoses as a method of increasing the effectiveness of the treatment of chronic cotton dust induced bronchitis]. PMID- 3248746 TI - [Criteria of hygienic evaluation of variable noise]. PMID- 3248747 TI - [Characteristics of physiologic reactions of persons with increased individual sensitivity to noise after exposure to general low-frequency vibration]. PMID- 3248748 TI - [Creating optimal working conditions for persons of older age groups]. PMID- 3248749 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the metabolism of biogenic amines in experimental anthracosilicosis]. PMID- 3248750 TI - [Various principles of the development of an automated operational health management system for construction workers]. PMID- 3248751 TI - Labour induction by means of concurrent application of Prostin E2 in the form of gel and Prostin E2 vaginal tablets. PMID- 3248752 TI - [Usefulness of the tourniquet test in the evaluation of hemostasis. I. The blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems and blood platelets in the early normal puerperium]. PMID- 3248753 TI - [Lipid peroxidation in the uterus-placenta-fetus system in cases of nephropathy and fetal hypotrophy]. PMID- 3248754 TI - [Pregnancy and labor after microsurgical anastomosis of the uterus in rats]. PMID- 3248755 TI - [Detection of anti-spermatozoa antibodies by the immunobead assay (IBA) in sperm autoagglutination]. PMID- 3248756 TI - [Adenomyosis]. PMID- 3248757 TI - [Clinical picture of acute focal necrosis of the liver in pregnancy]. PMID- 3248758 TI - [Parametrial hamartoma in a pregnant woman]. PMID- 3248759 TI - Guided tissue regeneration. PMID- 3248760 TI - Orthodontic mechanics, Part 4: Brakes and space management. PMID- 3248761 TI - The seventh key to facial beauty and TMJ health: proper condylar position. PMID- 3248762 TI - [Recent progress on clinical immunology. 1. Eosinophils]. PMID- 3248763 TI - [Epidemiological and clinical studies on strongyloidiasis]. PMID- 3248764 TI - [Effects of dilazep on platelet thrombus formation and intimal thickening after mechanical injury of aorta in rabbit]. PMID- 3248765 TI - A physiopathological study on ovarian dysfunction in female patients with alcoholism. PMID- 3248766 TI - [Obstructive colitis. A clinicopathologic study of 30 cases]. PMID- 3248767 TI - [Biochemical study on interstitial proteins of human gastric cancer tissue with special reference to cross-linking amino acids of collagen and elastin]. AB - The present study was undertaken to examine malignant alterations of collagen and elastin in human stomach cancer. Results of the study are as follows: 1. Content of hydroxyproline which in characteristic amino acid in collagen was elevated in stomach cancer tissues of Bormann types I to IV as compared to that of the uninvolved stomach. 2. When hydroxyproline content in stomach cancer of type IV (scirrhous) was compared to that in other types (I to III) of the cancer, the content in scirrhous was significantly elevated compared with that in cancers of other types, in terms of dry weight of whole tissue, number of cancer cells, and of insoluble proteins which are rich in collagen and elastin. However, when hydroxyproline was determined on two histological layers (mucosa plus submucosa layer and muscular plus serosa layer) separated from the involved and uninvolved stomach tissues, no significant difference in hydroxyproline content was observed between the scirrhous and non-scirrhous cancers. These observations may imply that an increased collagen synthesis in the scirrhous occurs in many layers of stomach tissue but is not restricted in a particular layer. 3. Non-reducing cross link amino acids of collagen, pyridinoline and histidinoalanine, were assayed on the involved and uninvolved tissues. Pyridinoline content was higher in stomach cancers of Bormann types I to IV, while no significant difference of histidinoalanine content was found. These observations suggest that there is an increased cross-linking of collagen in stomach cancer. 4. Elastin concentration in stomach cancer was determined through the assay of desmosine and isodesmosine which are specific cross-link amino acids in elastin. The contents of these amino acids was increased in stomach cancer tissues of types I to IV as compared with that in the uninvolved tissue. 5. A ratio of desmosine plus isodesmosine to hydroxyproline was higher in the involved stomach than was in the uninvolved, suggesting that increased elastinosis exceeds collagenosis in stomach cancer. PMID- 3248768 TI - [Genetic epidemiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Japan]. AB - Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most serious neuromuscular afflictions in childhood. The present analysis describes clinical, genetic and epidemiological features in a total of 675 DMD cases, 666 males and 9 females, reported from 20 national hospitals for muscle diseases in Japan. The results are as follows: 1) Average ages of milestones of progression were: onset at 3.6 +/- 1.7, Gower's sign 5.2 +/- 2.3, inability to walk 9.8 +/- 2.1, death 19.5 +/- 3.6 years old, respectively. The patients died 10.9 +/- 3.3 years after the age of inability to walk. 2) Proportion of selected abnormalities (knee contracture, ankle contracture, kyphoscoliosis) and abnormal findings in electrocardiograms increased with age, whereas pseudohypertrophy of the calves, abnormal findings of electromyograms, and mental retardation remained constant. 83-95% of patients were unable to turn the body in bed over 20 years old. 3) Survival rates at 20 and 27 years old were 63%, and 35%, respectively. The 50% survival rate was observed in 22-23 years of age. 4) The proportion of the sporadic cases was compatible with 1/3, as expected for on X-linked lethal trait assuming complete penetrance. 5) The incidence rate and prevalence rate among males were estimated to be 29.2 x 10(-5) and 6. 7 x 10(-5), respectively. The estimated mutation rates in egg and sperm were 9.2 x -5 and 10.9 x 10(-5)/gamete/generation, respectively. PMID- 3248769 TI - [Influence of radiation doses in local radiotherapy on anti-tumor immunity and tumor metastasis]. AB - The relationship between radiation doses and the subsequent metastasis formation after local radiotherapy against a rat transplantable fibrosarcoma was studied. KMT-17 fibrosarcoma cells were transplanted into the hind leg of syngeneic WKA rats and the leg were irradiated with various doses of 60Co gamma-rays 5 days after the tumor transplantation. 97% of the local primary tumors regressed in the rats received more than 45Gy (high dose-group), whereas only 41% of the tumors regressed in the rats received less than 40Gy (low dose-group). On the other hand, the percentage of the subsequent metastasis in the high dose-group was significantly higher than that of the low dose-group. By Winn's assay, stronger tumor-neutralizing activities were observed in the spleen cells of rats received 30Gy than those of non-irradiated rats or rats received 60Gy. The above results suggest that the low dose irradiation to the local tumor stimulates the anti tumor immunity which results in suppression of the tumor metastasis. PMID- 3248770 TI - Local hyperthermia using a low powered Nd: YAG laser for pancreatic and gastric carcinoma. AB - The use of local interstitial hyperthermia using a low powered Nd: YAG laser (known as laserthermia) has been studied both in vivo and in vitro on two gastrointestinal carcinomas. Human pancreatic carcinoma subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice (n = 28) was treated using an interstitially placed frosted sapphire probe with a Nd: YAG laser at 3 watts maintaining a temperature increase of 42 degrees C - 43 degrees C for up to 20 minutes. Seven days after treatment, a marked necrosis of the pancreatic tumor was found resembling an ischemic infarction. The potential cytocidal effect of heat and low powered Nd: YAG laser energy was also tested in vitro using three different kinds of human gastric and pancreatic cancer cells. The cytocidal effect of heat was potentiated by the photolytic effect of the low powered Nd: YAG laser energy. PMID- 3248771 TI - [ret gene from a human stomach cancer]. AB - DNAs from 15 samples of primary stomach cancer were transfected into NIH3T3 cells. Five stomach cancer DNAs (ST1, ST3, ST6, ST7, and ST15) showed transforming activity. These transformations were caused by human cancer DNAs since human Alu repetitive sequences were detected in transformant DNAs. DNAs from transformants were screened with 22 oncogene probes available, including Ha ras, Ki-ras, and N-ras. However, these probes did not hybridize with any human DNA in transformants. A transforming gene was cloned from an ST6-derived transformant, which turned out to be hst oncogene. By use of a probe derived from the cloned hst gene, it was shown that additional two transformants (ST7- and ST15-derived) also harboured human hst. Here I report molecular cloning of another transforming gene from an ST1-derived transformant. The transforming gene was cloned by cosmid rescue method being tagged with pSV2-gpt. The normal counterpart of the transforming gene was also cloned from a genomic phage library of human placenta DNA. Surprisingly, the transforming gene was not colinear with the placenta DNA, but was generated by the recombination of two separate genes. Comparison of the restriction maps of these genes with those of reported oncogenes showed that 3'-half of the cloned transforming gene was colinear with the 3'-half of the ret oncogene, which encodes tyrosine kinase domain. It was suggested that this gene was activated by DNA rearrangement upon transfection, placing a transcriptionally active promoter on upstream of the kinase domain. Among 4 primary transformants derived from ST1 two did not have human ret oncogene, indicating that other transforming genes were involved in these transformation events. PMID- 3248772 TI - [Biochemical study on nonenzymatic glycosylation of human erythrocyte Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase]. AB - Human erythrocytes contain glycosylated and nonglycosylated Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutases which can be separated by boronate affinity chromatography. The percentage of the glycosylated form is significantly increased in the erythrocytes of the patients with diabetes as compared to normal erythrocytes. The nonglycosylated Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase, which was washed through the boronate column, was glycosylated in vitro upon exposure to radioactive or nonradioactive D-glucose. Incorporation of D-glucose into the protein was observed, and with increase in glycosylation, the enzymatic activity decreased, indicating that the glycosylation of the enzyme led to low active form. The sites of glycosylation of the superoxide dismutase were identified by amino acid analysis after reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography of the trypsin-treated peptides. PMID- 3248773 TI - Discrepancy between central sympathoinhibitory action and peripheral hemodynamic effects of pindolol in anesthetized rats. AB - The present study was carried out to elucidate the relationship between changes in central sympathetic nerve activity and the peripheral hemodynamic effects of pindolol in anesthetized rats. Intravenous pindolol (0.1 mg/kg) produced a decrease in cardiac sympathetic nerve activity without a significant change in heart rate. Renal sympathetic nerve activity was also decreased by pindolol (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently, but changes in mean arterial pressure were not dose-related. In addition, pindolol (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) produced a dose dependent reduction of preganglionic splanchnic nerve activity. These findings suggest that pindolol possesses a central sympathoinhibitory action, but there is a discrepancy between this central effect and peripheral cardiovascular effects of pindolol in rats. PMID- 3248774 TI - Leydig cell insufficiency after testicular irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Leydig cell function in 21 boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had been treated by bilateral direct testicular irradiation (12 X 2 Gy) at 8.4 +/- 0.7 years, was evaluated 3.8 +/- 0.4 years after irradiation. At the time of irradiation all were prepubertal and at evaluation 12 were prepubertal and 9 pubertal. Leydig cell insufficiency, indicated by a low plasma testosterone response to chorionic gonadotrophin and/or an increase in basal level of plasma luteinizing hormone, was observed in 19/21 patients. The children who were the youngest at testicular irradiation were more vulnerable. Spontaneous virilization occurred in 3 of the older children and resulted from compensated Leydig cell dysfunction. PMID- 3248775 TI - Development of the seminiferous epithelium during and after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. PMID- 3248776 TI - Trends in paediatric oncology and potential endocrine sequelae. PMID- 3248777 TI - Growth and development in children treated for cancer. 27th annual meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. Copenhagen, June 26-29, 1988. Proceedings. PMID- 3248778 TI - Factors contributing to the impairment of growth in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Growth was studied in 88 long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had been treated with three different regimens of therapy. The following time periods were evaluated: (1) during therapy; (2) between the end of therapy and the onset of puberty, and (3) between the onset of puberty and the most recent observation. We found: (1) a reduction of height SDS during therapy, related to the irradiation dose used; no significant effect of the duration of the therapy could be established; (2) a normal growth rate during the second time period studied for the total group, but a further decrease in height SDS for those found to be growth hormone deficient after therapy (47%), and (3) a further decrease in height SDS during puberty. The timing of puberty in the female patients was normal. We conclude that in patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, growth impairment has several components, different in timing and mechanism. PMID- 3248779 TI - Blunted pubertal growth after leukemia: a new pattern of growth hormone insufficiency. AB - Growth, age at menarche and spontaneous GH secretion were studied in girls after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These girls had normal prepubertal growth but subnormal pubertal growth. Mean final height was 1 SD less than expected before puberty. The average age at menarche was significantly lower than the normal mean for Swedish girls. The mean 24-hour GH secretion was severely blunted and there was no increase during puberty. We suggest that girls treated for ALL, including CNS irradiation, have a relative GH insufficiency which becomes clinically obvious only when the girls cannot respond to the increased demands for GH in puberty. PMID- 3248780 TI - Precocious or early puberty and growth failure in girls treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - We have studied 41 children with early or precocious puberty who have been treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with prophylactic cranial irradiation (1,800-2,400 cGy) accompanied by intrathecal methotrexate and systemic chemotherapy. Mean age at radiotherapy was 3.9 years (range 1.7-7.7) in the girls and 4.8 years (range 2.6-7.8) in the boys. Mean age at the onset of puberty was 8.6 years (range 6.7-9.7) in the girls and 9.3 years (range 7.8-10.3) in the boys. Of the 41 children with early puberty (greater than 1.4 SD from the mean) 36 were females and 5 were males. 21 of the 36 girls had an absent or inadequate growth acceleration of puberty. 7 of 12 girls who had a pharmacological test of growth hormone (GH) secretion had GH insufficiency (peak level less than 20 mU/l). Early or precocious puberty combined with GH insufficiency may produce severe growth failure and we have used a treatment regimen of a gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue, in order to reduce the rate of epiphyseal maturation, combined with biosynthetic GH to increase or sustain growth rate. We have treated 4 girls in this manner. During a mean treatment period of 0.86 years, height SDS for bone age rose from a mean of -1.06 to -0.59. Longer treatment periods will be required to assess the effect on final height. PMID- 3248782 TI - Implantable glucose sensors--the state of the art. International symposium. Reisensburg, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3248781 TI - Growth failure in the head-irradiated rat. PMID- 3248783 TI - Evaluation of implantable glucose enzyme-based sensors with extracorporal blood shunt. AB - This paper presents several methods and instruments developed for the characterization of enzymatic membranes and enzyme electrodes: 1. amplitude and response time of steady-state and transient responses to glucose, automatically determined with an Apple II based workstation, 2. enzyme electrode response to in vitro simulated I.V.G.T.T. and to in vivo I.V.G.T.T. when connected to an extracorporal blood shunt of conscious rats. PMID- 3248784 TI - In vivo characteristics of needle-type glucose sensor--measurements of subcutaneous glucose concentrations in human volunteers. AB - To explore the clinical performances of the needle-type glucose sensor, in vivo monitoring was conducted in human subjects. The tissue glucose concentrations measured by glucose sensor were lower than the plasma glucose concentrations by 15%, but a good linear relationship was observed between the tissue and plasma glucose concentrations. The sensing sites between abdomen and forearm did not affect the tissue glucose monitoring. The tissue glucose concentrations after meal intake showed 5 min delayed response to the blood glucose concentrations. After 3 days' continuous monitoring, the "relative" sensor output to the plasma glucose concentration decreased by 26% and the "relative" response time to reach peak value prolonged from 5 min to 13.5 min. These data indicate the clinical usefulness of the needle-type glucose sensor. PMID- 3248785 TI - The glucose enzyme electrode: is simple peroxide detection at a needle sensor acceptable? AB - Needle type devices have been fabricated based on Pt anodes (to detect H2O2) mounted with stainless steel needles to act as the reference. Coating of these devices with glucose oxidase allowed glucose measurement, but with high dependence on stirring and background pO2 levels as well as a restricted glucose assay range. By wet dipcoating of microporous polyurethane or the application of preformed porous membranes, the linear range has been extended up to 70 mM glucose, to give minimal pO2 dependence and insensitivity to stirring. With incorporation of polyethersulphone membranes, blood measurement was possible with high selectivity (y = 0.954x + 0.202, r = 0.991, n = 48). This establishes that simple peroxide detection at a needle sensor is acceptable, and can now be focussed on increasing biocompatibility. PMID- 3248786 TI - An amperometric glucose sensor with combined enzyme layers. AB - An amperometric needle-type glucose sensor consisting of a silver tube as the cathode and a platinum wire as the anode was developed. The sensor was provided with two enzyme layers (glucose-oxidase and catalase) separated by a polyurethane membrane. The catalase caused an accelerated decomposition of H2O2 generated during the enzymatic oxidation of glucose. In this way the lifetime of the sensor and the oxygen dependence of the analytical signal could be improved. PMID- 3248787 TI - The GOD-H2O2-electrode as an approach to implantable glucose sensors. AB - The long-term function of glucose sensors under in-vivo conditions is the first prerequisite in the development of glucose-controlled insulin infusion systems. Amperometric enzyme glucose sensors measuring H2O2 from the enzymatic glucose oxidation are defeated to certain poisoning effects of the electrochemical system and to alterations of the diffusional properties, both resulting in unpredictable changes of the sensor signal. To interpret the signal of subcutaneously implanted sensors after reaching a certain balance of the altering processes, the wick technique has been established as an independent reference method applicable in the interstitial fluid. Based on the comparison of the wick-glucose concentration and the circulating plasma glucose concentration the in vivo-calibration of the sensor current according to plasma glucose concentration is proven. PMID- 3248788 TI - Progress towards in vivo glucose sensing with a ferrocene-mediated amperometric enzyme electrode. AB - A range of miniature, amperometric enzyme electrodes have been constructed using the principle of mediated transfer of electrons. Ferrocene, or one of its derivatives, can be used in conjunction with immobilised glucose oxidase to produce sensors which are linear to at least 20 mmol/l glucose, have fast response times, are relatively oxygen insensitive and are suitable for implantation studies. In preliminary experiments in non-diabetic pigs, electrode responses followed blood responses, although mean tissue levels were about one fifth of those in blood. The ferrocene technology thus appears to be suitable for adaptation to the construction of implantable glucose electrodes for use in diabetic man. PMID- 3248789 TI - A glucose sensor utilising tetracyanoquinodimethane as a mediator. AB - This paper describes an amperometric enzyme electrode for glucose analysis. The electrode utilised the mediator tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) to facilitate electron transfer from glucose oxidase to a pyrolytic graphite carbon electrode. The electrode demonstrated a response to glucose in a clinically relevant range (0-70 mM). Results concerning the direct current cyclic voltammetry of TCNQ and the electrodes' response to glucose, pH profile and the effect of temperature are presented. PMID- 3248790 TI - Electrocatalytic glucose sensor. AB - High surface area platinum subjected to the appropriate electrical potential cycling regimes exhibits considerable electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation. We have developed a special data processing method, the compensated net charge (CNC) method, to take advantage of the electrocatalytic activity of platinum. This method involves the determination of the net oxidation charge during one complete cycle of a cyclic voltammogram applied to the platinum electrode in a potentiodynamic mode. Under these conditions, the electrode response is very sensitive to glucose, completely insensitive to urea, and only moderately sensitive to amino acid concentration changes. Earlier work with other endogenous and exogenous potential co-reactants shows little interference. Data obtained in vitro and in vivo will be presented and discussed. PMID- 3248791 TI - Potentiometric glucose sensors. AB - The determination of glucose is possible with the enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase and potentiometric detection. The signal is proportional to the concentration up to 50 mg/dl. This value is fixed by the concentration of oxygen in the sample. By adding catalase, concentrations up to 2000 mg/dl are detectable. The steepness of the calibration curve is not affected by oxygen concentrations greater than 4 mg/l. In contrast to amperometric sensors, an influence of deposits on the electrodes surface on the signal cannot be found with potentiometric sensors. PMID- 3248792 TI - A potentially implantable enzyme electrode for amperometric measurement of glucose. AB - A membrane limited amperometric enzyme electrode suitable for glucose measurement in biological fluids was developed. The sensor consists of a central platinum wire (0.3 mm) surrounded by a stainless steel tubing (0.8-1.0 mm outer diameter; 2-4 cm length). By successive dipcoating procedures, layers from cellulose acetate, glucose oxidase (crosslinked with glutaraldehyde) and polyurethane are placed on its surface. The platinum is polarized at +700 mV against steel. In vitro results: Electrodes are stable for at least 6 days. They exhibit a linear range extending to 500 mg/dl glucose. Response times are less than 100 sec. The sensors are not dependent on stirring and are relatively insensitive to changes of pH. Dependency of glucose measurement upon dissolved oxygen is negligible at oxygen concentrations above 0.5 mg/l. In vivo results: Preliminary studies in sheep using subcutaneously implanted needles indicate that short term glucose monitoring is feasible. PMID- 3248793 TI - Oral cancer: an overview. PMID- 3248794 TI - Oral cancers--its many faces: symptoms, clinical and radiographic appearances. PMID- 3248795 TI - Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer: a summary. PMID- 3248796 TI - Oral hygiene care for patients receiving cancer therapy. PMID- 3248797 TI - Overview of management for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 1988. PMID- 3248798 TI - Maxillofacial prosthetics: rehabilitation of the head and neck cancer patient. PMID- 3248799 TI - Oral cancer: third party reimbursement. PMID- 3248800 TI - Double-outlet right ventricle in inverted position mimicking corrected transposition of great arteries. PMID- 3248801 TI - Prediction of risk of sudden cardiac death. PMID- 3248802 TI - To study post treadmill exercise QTc interval changes in patients of ischemic heart disease and controls. PMID- 3248804 TI - Role of echocardiography in borderline hypertension. PMID- 3248803 TI - Left main coronary artery disease in Indian subjects. PMID- 3248805 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in essential hypertension. PMID- 3248806 TI - Comparative study of oxprenolol and atenolol in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 3248807 TI - Utility of treadmill test in diagnosis of causative factor of bundle branch block. PMID- 3248808 TI - Coronary artery disease in patients with isolated aortic valve stenosis. PMID- 3248809 TI - Closed revalvotomy for mitral restenosis. PMID- 3248811 TI - Early surgery in the management of infective endocarditis. PMID- 3248810 TI - Post exercise electrocardiographic changes in iron deficiency anaemia: effect of iron therapy. PMID- 3248812 TI - Oto-arrhythmic syndrome. PMID- 3248813 TI - Idiopathic submitral aneurysm with nonspecific aortoarteritis--a rare association. PMID- 3248814 TI - Thrombolytic therapy for a thromobosed Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis. PMID- 3248815 TI - [Double blind comparative study of 1% econazole cream and 1% bifonazole cream in the treatment of dermatomycoses]. PMID- 3248816 TI - [Project for a database for hair genetic diseases with a new catalog/consultation system: micro-Shell]. PMID- 3248818 TI - [Early manifestations of senescence of diabetic fibroblasts in culture. Ultrastructural study]. PMID- 3248817 TI - [Case-control study on malignant skin melanoma in the Turin province]. PMID- 3248819 TI - [Complete pachydermoperiostosis. Ultrastructural and peripheral vascular system studies]. PMID- 3248820 TI - [Leg ulcers caused by prolidase deficiency]. PMID- 3248821 TI - [Tardive syphilis of hepatic localization]. PMID- 3248822 TI - [Contact dermatitis caused by benzalkonium chloride mimicking metal dermatitis]. PMID- 3248823 TI - Study of epidemiological features of oral lichen planus. PMID- 3248824 TI - Skin cosmetics. PMID- 3248825 TI - Physiological state of depression in hydra: Part I--Morphological and behavioural aspects. PMID- 3248826 TI - Physiological state of depression in hydra: Part II--Cellular aspects. PMID- 3248827 TI - Local and systemic alterations in cholinesterase activity during tail regeneration in normal and adrenal suppressed Gekkonid lizards Hemidactylus flaviviridis. PMID- 3248828 TI - Hydrodynamic permeability measurements of aqueous solutions of carbohydrates and their mixtures and various nonelectrolyte solutions across urinary bladder membranes of goat. PMID- 3248829 TI - Effects of TPA dose variation and mezerein on skin tumorigenesis by initiation promotion protocol in S/RV Cri mice. PMID- 3248830 TI - Effect of histamine on isolated oesophagus, crop and proventriculus of WLH chicken. PMID- 3248831 TI - Effect of adenosine and inosine on experimental myocardial infarction in rats. PMID- 3248832 TI - Pharmacological actions of Shilajit. PMID- 3248833 TI - Association of proteoglycans with other extracellular matrix macromolecules in liver. PMID- 3248834 TI - Effect of masking of parietal eye on cloacal temperature in Varanus monitor. PMID- 3248835 TI - Effect of adrenaline on hepatic enzyme activities in an apodan amphibia Gegenophis carnosus. PMID- 3248836 TI - Oral toxicity of central Asian cobra (Naja naja oxiana Eichwald) venom and its fractions to adult blowflies Parasarcophaga ruficornis Fabricius. PMID- 3248837 TI - Influence of testosterone and progesterone on fatty liver of rats treated with few halogen alkanes. PMID- 3248838 TI - Toxicity of scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus L., venom in mice. PMID- 3248839 TI - Mechanism of spermine action on plasma membrane sugar transport function of yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. PMID- 3248840 TI - Gonadectomy and tail regeneration in the gekkonid lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis. PMID- 3248841 TI - Histomorphological alterations in gonads of normal and pinealectomized domestic pigeon, Columba livia, during breeding and post-breeding phases. PMID- 3248842 TI - Silicon (Si) utilisation by chemoautotrophic nocardioform bacteria isolated from human and animal tissues infected with leprosy bacillus. PMID- 3248843 TI - Metabolism of fossil fuels by chemoautotrophic nocardioform bacteria from infectious leprosy tissues and its implications. PMID- 3248844 TI - Functional state of rat liver and kidney mitochondria during sterigmatocystin toxicosis. PMID- 3248845 TI - Biokinetics of lead in various mouse organs/tissues using radiotracer technique. PMID- 3248846 TI - Cyclosporine and wound healing: differential effects on tensile strength, granuloma weight, wound contraction and epithelization period in rats. PMID- 3248847 TI - Antiarrhythmic and antithrombotic effect of antiarrhythmic peptide and its synthetic analogues. PMID- 3248848 TI - Long term effect of herbal drug Withania somnifera on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. PMID- 3248850 TI - Effect of haloperidol on male-induced implantation failure (Bruce effect) in mice. PMID- 3248849 TI - Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part XIII. PMID- 3248851 TI - Relationship between urinary stone formers age and chemical composition of urinary calculi. PMID- 3248852 TI - Studies on lipids in normal and hypertensive diabetic subjects. PMID- 3248853 TI - Mycoplasma in respiratory tract infections. PMID- 3248854 TI - The new concept of ITI hollow-cylinder and hollow-screw implants: Part 2. Clinical aspects, indications, and early clinical results. PMID- 3248855 TI - Dense hydroxyapatite root replica implantation: measurement of mandibular ridge preservation. PMID- 3248856 TI - After the splint. PMID- 3248857 TI - Hypomelanosis of Ito (incontinentia pigmenti achromians). PMID- 3248858 TI - Idiopathic interstitial calcinosis. PMID- 3248859 TI - Schwartz Jampel syndrome. PMID- 3248860 TI - Mesenteric lipoma. PMID- 3248861 TI - Hemoglobinopathies in anemic children of eastern Rajasthan. PMID- 3248862 TI - Kocher Debre Semelaigne syndrome in a neonate. PMID- 3248863 TI - Bowel pattern and weight gain in breastfed infants. PMID- 3248864 TI - Vitamin A deficiency and diarrhea. PMID- 3248865 TI - Diarrhea is a nutritional disease. PMID- 3248866 TI - Using anthropometry to identify children with a high risk of dying. PMID- 3248867 TI - Interactions between xerophthalmia and morbidity among underfive rural children. PMID- 3248868 TI - Xerophthalmia malnutrition and diarrhea in urban Bangladesh: a clinic based study. PMID- 3248869 TI - Nutritional indicators during pregnancy. PMID- 3248870 TI - Zinc and intrauterine growth. PMID- 3248871 TI - Serum lipid profile in term and preterm infants in early neonatal period. PMID- 3248872 TI - Efficacy of nutrition and health component of the Bal-Sevika (pre-school teachers) training programme. PMID- 3248873 TI - Metoclopramide. PMID- 3248874 TI - Rational drug therapy in children: pediatrician's role. PMID- 3248875 TI - Colorectal tuberculosis. PMID- 3248876 TI - Clinical profile of scabies in north Indian children. PMID- 3248877 TI - Tetanus neonatorum: clinico-epidemiological profile. PMID- 3248878 TI - Bacterial flora of newborns at birth and 72 hours of age. PMID- 3248879 TI - Rhinocerebral phycomycosis. PMID- 3248880 TI - Meconium peritonitis presenting as a giant pseudocyst in a neonate. PMID- 3248881 TI - Renal functions in newborns in relation to gestational age. PMID- 3248882 TI - Congenital factor X (Stuart-Prower factor) deficiency: a family study. PMID- 3248883 TI - Fanconi's anemia with associated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3248884 TI - Transmission of hepatitis-B virus--need for reappraisal. PMID- 3248885 TI - Ewing's sarcoma of rib with pulmonary and neurological manifestations. PMID- 3248886 TI - Screw fixation of odontoid fractures: preliminary report. AB - In the period from 1981 to 1985, 32 odontoid fractures were treated in the National Institute of Traumatology. In four cases anterior stabilization was provided with compression screws inserted from the front. Two cases of odontoid fracture are shown, one accompanied by ventral, the other by dorsal dislocation. A brief review is provided of the results obtained with different methods of treatment drawing on the international literature. PMID- 3248887 TI - Bipolar fixation of fractures of the distal end of the radius: a comparative study. AB - This paper reports a prospective study of the treatment of Colles' fractures, either by bipolar fixation or a forearm cast. Bipolar fixation reduced the degree of secondary displacement and no patient required a repeat manipulation. The functional results at 6 months, as assessed by the Scheck system, showed a strong trend in favour of bipolar fixation, but did not reach 95 per cent confidence limits. The technique of bipolar fixation proved to be safe and suitable for use in a busy district general hospital, without the necessity of elaborate equipment. PMID- 3248888 TI - The suspected fracture of the scaphoid: a rational approach to diagnosis. AB - It has been the policy of the accident and emergency department in Leicester to treat all clinically suspected fractures of the carpal scaphoid in plaster for 2 weeks, even after negative radiology. A preliminary audit of policy revealed that 150 wrists had been immobilized in plaster during a 6-month period and yet only eight fractures of the scaphoid were identified in this group. In order to reduce the degree of 'overkill' a new policy was introduced for the management of the clinically suspected, radiologically negative fracture of the scaphoid and results were assessed prospectively. The new policy was based on resting all such injuries in broad arm slings until review by a more senior member of staff was possible, always within 1 week. Results indicate that it is easier to make a definitive soft tissue diagnosis a few days after such injuries and, therefore, the number of plasters applied dropped substantially. Not all fractures of the scaphoid were apparent on initial radiographs, but despite this it was possible to treat all such injuries appropriately on the strength of their clinical signs when reviewed. The new scheme of management is recommended for general use in accident and emergency departments on the strength of a prospective study of 111 patients with pain after injury, tenderness and swelling in the anatomical snuffbox. PMID- 3248889 TI - Operative fixation of fractures of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae by Williams plates with reference to late kyphosis. AB - Thirty patients with fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine, treated by the Williams plating technique (with or without fusion) between 1966 and 1978, were reviewed and followed up for an average of 6.5 years (range 2-14 years). The average degree of primary traumatic kyphosis was 11.4 degrees (range 0-33 degrees), and the average degree of late deformation kyphosis during follow-up was 17.4 degrees (range 0-30 degrees). The average loss of operative correction during follow-up was 9.8 degrees. Technical late complications, such as loosening of screws, occurred in half of the patients, but they did not affect the degree of spinal deformation. The corrective result, with reference to late deformity (kyphosis), largely correlated with the degree of primary traumatic kyphotic deformation and the severity of the neurologic lesion. The best late correction result was achieved with moderate primary kyphosis in patients with bursting fractures. Spinal fusion tended to give better results, especially in anterior wedge fractures, in maintenance of the correction of kyphosis, while laminectomy tended to give poorer results. None of the 15 patients with primary complete paraplegia showed improvement, while 80 per cent of patients with incomplete paraplegia made a moderate recovery. PMID- 3248890 TI - Treatment of acromioclavicular disruptions: trial of a simple surgical approach. AB - Following the Allman and the Zlotsky and Ballard classifications, 85 cases of acromioclavicular disruptions (ACD) have been treated. Types I and II have been conservatively managed, while type III was treated by a special surgical technique described in the text. Types I and II were reviewed by a questionnaire form and type III was assessed clinically and radiologically, with good results according to a score rating made for the review. PMID- 3248891 TI - Recovery following fractures of the clavicle treated conservatively. AB - A consecutive series of 140 patients with fractures of the clavicle were reviewed a minimum of 3 months after their injury. All had been treated conservatively using either a figure-of-eight bandage or broad arm sling. No statistical difference was found in the speed of recovery P greater than 0.05 when these two methods of treatment were compared in patients matched for sex and age. The patient's age at the time of the injury, however, did affect recovery with 33 per cent of those over the age of 20 years still having symptoms 3 months after they had sustained their fracture. Although lateral third fractures occurred more commonly in this age group than in the younger patients, the site of fracture did not adversely affect the speed of recovery P greater than 0.05. PMID- 3248892 TI - Fractures of the dens--the results of non-rigid immobilization. AB - A series of 42 patients with fractures of the dens is reported. All patients were initially treated on traction and then immobilized in a SOMI brace or a cervical collar with a chin piece. Union was obtained in 37 patients. There has been no case of delayed myelopathy in the severely malunited fractures. PMID- 3248893 TI - Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur--an analysis of the results of operative and non-operative management. AB - In this retrospective study, 38 subtrochanteric fractures of the femur, managed by operative and non-operative methods were analysed and the results compared. Excluding three pathological fractures, 12 fractures were internally fixed and 23 were treated in traction. In 83.3 per cent of fractures treated operatively and 82.6 per cent treated non-operatively, excellent or good results were obtained. Poor results in traction were due to associated head injury and failure to comply with the position required to maintain alignment. Poor results in the operative group were in the Seinsheimer Type 3A with poor medial buttress. We conclude that both operative and non-operative management give acceptable results in subtrochanteric fractures of the femur but the latter is indicated in Seinsheimer Type 3A fractures. PMID- 3248894 TI - An investigation of the fracture characteristics of the tibia of mature rabbits. AB - The therapeutic implications of the physical aspects of fractures have not yet been clearly defined. We have studied the fracture characteristics of the tibia of mature male rabbits by producing fractures manually and mechanically. The fractures were studied by radiology, by recording fracture strains graphically and by direct measurement of the magnitude of the fracture force. The fracture behaviour of the mature rabbit tibia was found to be similar to that of adult human bone in that they were brittle and fractured in the tension mode without plastic deformation. Angulatory forces were observed to produce transverse and oblique fractures and spiral forces produced spiral fractures in all cases. The maximum bending moment before fracture was 4000 Nmm, the maximum shear moment was 1870 Nmm and the mean of the maximum tensile stress in each case was 20 N/mm2. It was concluded from this that fractures produced by angulatory forces caused the greater damage to the surrounding soft tissues compared with spiral fractures. PMID- 3248895 TI - Is prevertebral soft tissue swelling a useful sign in injury of the cervical spine? AB - A group of 58 patients with suspected injuries of the cervical spine were reviewed retrospectively. Prevertebral soft tissue swelling occurred in 20 (49 per cent) of 41 patients with definite bone injury. Soft tissue swelling occurred significantly more frequently with injuries to the anterior portion of the cervical spine than to the posterior vertebral elements. No significant correlation was found between soft tissue swelling and level of injury and age of the patient. Out of 17 patients with cervical injuries, 4 (24 per cent) who were subsequently considered not to have sustained bony injury demonstrated apparent soft tissue swelling. The absence of soft tissue swelling should not be considered as evidence for no bony injury. Its presence does not necessarily indicate bony injury. PMID- 3248896 TI - Assault: characteristics of victims attending an inner-city hospital. AB - To characterize victims of assault attending a district general hospital, 294 consecutive patients were interviewed and examined. The group included 249 men (median age 23 years, range 13-62 years) and 45 women (median age 23 years, range 15-46 years). The 15-30 years age group, single males, and the unemployed were over-represented (P = less than 0.001). Fewer than expected were professionals or aged 10-15 years or over 50 years. The ethnic background was not significantly different from the Bristol population. Facial injury was extremely common; 89 per cent of fractures, 70 per cent of wounds and 56 per cent of haematomas affected the face. Only 32 per cent of patients were assaulted within their home ward (13 per cent at home) and most assaults took place in the city centre on Fridays and Saturdays, between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m. and in or near public houses and clubs or in the street. Only 29 per cent of assaults were claimed to be unprovoked. Alcohol intake immediately preceding injury was reported by 73 per cent of victims (range 1-34 units) and blood ethanol levels corresponded with this intake. Victims reported police involvement in 54 per cent of cases, but police lists of 'woundings' included only 23 per cent of patients assaulted in central Bristol. Admission of victims was 17 per cent. PMID- 3248897 TI - Ice skating accidents and injuries. AB - A total of 169 consecutive injuries to ice skaters is reviewed. The majority resulted from falls and occurred in young people with little or no previous skating experience. Speed and crowding on the ice may be contributory. Injuries occur because of a casual attitude to the sport and because of a lack of awareness of the potentially serious injuries that can result. It would be beneficial for beginners to undergo specific instruction and, if possible, at separate times or in separate areas. PMID- 3248898 TI - New concepts of forward combat surgery. AB - A modular, mobile and versatile evacuation hospital evolved by the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) during the last 15 years serves as a sorting facility for the hospitals in its rear, in much the same manner as an emergency department functions within a hospital. It has extensive sorting and resuscitation capabilities, contrasting with a relatively small hospitalization potential. Surgery is performed only for resuscitation or for limb salvage. The evacuation hospital handled more than 4500 casualties during the 1973 and 1982 Arab-Israeli wars. Only 3 per cent of the wounded had to be operated on prior to further evacuation. Seventeen per cent were returned to the front lines after minor treatment and 80 per cent were sorted and stabilized and then evacuated further to rear hospitals. The eventual mortality for these 4500 casualties was 2.3 per cent. PMID- 3248900 TI - Injury in Auckland, New Zealand: an unexplored epidemic. AB - The applicability of regionalization of injury care in New Zealand has not yet been investigated. In a first attempt to define the extent of the problem, all injured patients presenting to the resuscitation room in the emergency department of a large teaching hospital over a 1-year period were studied. Data on mechanism of injury, injury severity, resource utilization, management and outcome were recorded. A total of 602 patients was evaluated. Of these 37 per cent had Injury Severity Scores greater than or equal to 16 and 24 per cent were admitted to intensive care. Overall mortality was 10 per cent with the mean ISS for CNS related deaths being 39; for non-CNS related deaths, 46. The study confirmed that the characteristics of nonpenetrating injury in New Zealand were similar to the USA. Extrapolating from US data, one could anticipate that up to 30 per cent of deaths following injury in NZ annually may be preventable. If regionalization could reduce this rate to just 10 per cent, 360 lives could be saved annually with a contribution of $8 million to the GNP and $2.2 million to the annual government tax accounts. PMID- 3248899 TI - Renal injury management: no longer controversial. AB - Optimal management of renal injuries used to be a subject of controversy between the advocates of 'early intervention' and 'expectant' approach. Nowadays, most opinions have blended into a consensus for all but a small number and type of renal injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the therapeutic approach in renal injuries is no longer controversial. We report the long-term results in 622 consecutive patients with renal injury, admitted to the University Hospital St Radboud in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, between 1972 and 1983. During this 11-year period a middle-course management was followed relative to indication and timing of operative intervention. This type of approach proved quite successful not only in reducing the nephrectomy rate but at the same time in lowering the incidence of early and late complications. It is concluded that choice and timing of therapy in renal injuries should depend on: 1. Accurate diagnosis of the extent of the renal injury, 2. Associated major injuries and 3. Clinical condition of the patient. Such an individualized approach most benefits the patient. PMID- 3248901 TI - Rotational displacement of the distal epiphysis of the tibia without fracture. PMID- 3248902 TI - Inferomedial fracture dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint. PMID- 3248903 TI - Avascular necrosis of the talus following apparently minor ankle injury: a case report. PMID- 3248904 TI - Periosteal primary resurfacing of joint surface defects of the patella due to injury. PMID- 3248905 TI - Fixation of femoral head fractures using the Herbert screw. PMID- 3248906 TI - Decision making analysis of endodontic treatment strategies in teeth with apical periodontitis. PMID- 3248908 TI - A comparison between two electric vitality testers and ethyl chloride with special reference to a newly available device. PMID- 3248907 TI - Barrier formation time in non-vital teeth with open apices. PMID- 3248910 TI - Forensic administration. PMID- 3248909 TI - A five-year follow-up of autogenous tooth transplantation: a case report. PMID- 3248911 TI - Management of mentally ill offenders in Scandinavia. PMID- 3248912 TI - The organization of forensic services in Canada. PMID- 3248914 TI - Risk management in forensic services. PMID- 3248913 TI - Organizational approaches to improving institutional estimations of dangerousness in forensic psychiatric hospitals: a Dutch perspective. PMID- 3248915 TI - Community-based forensic evaluation. PMID- 3248916 TI - Clinical considerations in the community treatment of mentally disordered offenders. PMID- 3248917 TI - A comprehensive mental health care system for prison inmates: retrospective look at New York's ten year experience. PMID- 3248918 TI - A model for crisis intervention services within local jails. PMID- 3248920 TI - Repair of interproximal root surface caries in aging periodontal-prosthodontic patients. PMID- 3248919 TI - Analysis of orofacial myofunctional factors in kindergarten subjects. PMID- 3248921 TI - Clinical and radiographic case reports of autogenous contiguous bone and tooth transplants ("periodontal transplants"). PMID- 3248923 TI - The rubber dam--better than ever. PMID- 3248922 TI - An evaluation of healing following periodontal osseous surgery in monkeys. PMID- 3248924 TI - Hypercalcaemia. PMID- 3248926 TI - A spectrum of thymomas over a three year period. PMID- 3248925 TI - Bedside assessment of hypercalcaemia. PMID- 3248927 TI - Thyroid function testing. PMID- 3248929 TI - Erythrocyte sedimentation in nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3248928 TI - Iodine intake in Ireland--an update. PMID- 3248930 TI - Quantification of the influence of body fat content on selected physical performance variables in adolescent boys. PMID- 3248931 TI - The Meckel syndrome in an Irish population: a post mortem study. PMID- 3248932 TI - Parathyroid hormone like bioactivity measured by cytochemical bioassay in a patient with malignant bladder disease. PMID- 3248934 TI - Ethics in academe. PMID- 3248933 TI - Proceeding of the Irish Thoracic Society--annual scientific meeting. 13/14 November 1987. Abstracts. PMID- 3248935 TI - Clinical characterization of patients with chronic tension headache. PMID- 3248936 TI - The chronic paroxysmal hemicrania concept expanded. PMID- 3248937 TI - Cerebral infarction in patients with migraine accompaniments. PMID- 3248938 TI - Long acting propranolol in the prophylaxis of migraine. Comparison of the daily doses of 80 mg and 160 mg. PMID- 3248939 TI - Different forms of migraine in childhood and adolescence: notes on personality traits. PMID- 3248940 TI - "Nadolol in migrainous patients". PMID- 3248941 TI - More on aspartame and headache. PMID- 3248942 TI - Broaching the topic of psychiatric referral. PMID- 3248943 TI - Plus ca change. PMID- 3248944 TI - Expression of a 21KD molecule on hematopoietic progenitor cells. PMID- 3248945 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of aztreonam against gram-negative bacilli isolated in 1985. PMID- 3248946 TI - Preventive effect of pirenzepine on atrophic erosive gastritis in rats. PMID- 3248947 TI - Some advantages of transesophageal echocardiography during mitral valve replacement. PMID- 3248948 TI - p26: a cell surface antigen expressed selectively by hematopoietic cells. PMID- 3248949 TI - A case of aneurysm of the posterior temporal artery branched from the fetal posterior cerebral artery. PMID- 3248951 TI - Preventable hepatitis B remains health problem. PMID- 3248952 TI - Temporal relationships of lumbar herniated disk injuries. PMID- 3248950 TI - Peptide-containing nerve in the rat stomach: an immunohistochemical study. PMID- 3248953 TI - Once-daily dosing of sustained-release diltiazem capsules in mild-to-moderate hypertension. PMID- 3248954 TI - Repair of a distal leg defect using the latissimus dorsi free flap. PMID- 3248955 TI - Acute torsion of the gallbladder. PMID- 3248956 TI - Colonic perforation and acute abdomen complicating antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 3248958 TI - Location of bulbospinal neurons and of laryngeal motoneurons within the nucleus ambiguus of the rat and cat by means of retrograde fluorescent labelling. AB - The location of bulbospinal neurons within the nucleus ambiguus with respect to laryngeal motoneurons has been studied by means of retrograde fluorescent neuronal markers (True Blue and Diamidino Yellow in rats, and Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow in cats). One marker was injected into the cervical spinal cord, and the other into the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Afterwards, the precise location of each neuronal pool was observed with the fluorescent microscope. The bulbospinal neurons in the rostral part of the nucleus were located ventrolaterally with respect to motoneurons, both in cats and rats; at more caudal levels of the nucleus the bulbospinal neurons were arranged ventromedially and ventrolaterally with respect to motoneurons in cats, and around the motoneurons in rats. PMID- 3248957 TI - Ligaments associated with lumbar intervertebral foramina. 2. The fifth lumbar level. AB - The lumbosacral spines of two fetal and twelve adult cadavers have been studied by dissection. Evidence shows that the fifth lumbar intervertebral foramen is crossed on its external aspect by a strong, cord-like corporotransverse ligament passing obliquely downwards, forwards and medially from the inferior aspect of the accessory process of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the lateral surface of the intervertebral disc and the adjacent parts of the bodies of the fifth and first sacral vertebrae. Superficially, the ligament is related to another flat band- the lumbosacral hood. Together these ligaments separate and provide openings for the sympathetic ramus, the ventral ramus and blood vessels related to the intervertebral foramen. On the dorsal aspect, a tripartite ligament, the mamillo transverso-accessory ligament, bears important relationships to the subdivisions of the dorsal ramus and also the zygapophyseal joint. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3248959 TI - Duplication of optic canals in human skulls. AB - Three human skulls showing duplication of the optic canal are reported. Two had bilateral duplication while one had duplication on one side only. The measurements of the whole canal were within the range of normal. Septa of variable thickness separated the main and the accessory canals in these skulls and the skulls also showed a tendency to excessive bone formation. PMID- 3248960 TI - Development of myotomal cells in Xenopus laevis larvae. AB - Electron microscopic appearances of Xenopus laevis axial myotome cells were examined through Stages 22-41 (Nieuwkoop & Faber, 1956). Differentiated contractile structures were not observed in myotome cells at or before Stage 22. At Stages 24-25, myofibrils appeared both as disordered strands in association with tubular membranes, and in different degrees of assembly into ordered sarcomeres. By Stage 28, all contractile organelles observed were organised into sarcomeres. The latter extended the length of each myocyte by Stage 35. Myofibrils were initially laid down adjacent to the cell membrane in each myocyte close to its lateral surface. They filled most of each cell by Stage 41. Membrane structures known to be associated with contractile activation in adult muscle appeared early in development. Transverse tubular, and sarcoplasmic reticular membranes, and 'triad' complexes could be demonstrated from the outset of sarcomere formation at Stage 24. In places, establishment of a regular repeating tubular system appeared to precede myofilament organisation. Examination of sections stained with ruthenium red during preparation suggested that tubular and surface membranes were continuous even at Stage 24 and all subsequent developmental stages studied here. Earlier work (Huang, 1986) has suggested that excitation-contraction coupling in embryonic muscle involves release of stored calcium in response to tubular voltage changes as in adult muscle. These findings corroborate such physiological observations. PMID- 3248961 TI - The midline cartilages of the cranial base of the hypopituitary dwarf mouse (dw/dw). A histological and autoradiographic study. AB - The dwarf mice used in this study demonstrated severe growth retardation related to the 5 endochondral growth sites of the midline cranial base. The principal defect appears to be a dramatic reduction of activity as judged by comparing the histology of the dwarf mice with their normal litter mates. The principal defect appears, from the [3H]thymidine data, to be a complete cessation of mitotic activity in the proliferative zone. It is not possible, from the present study, to say whether activity in the matrixogenic zone is also reduced. The anomalous enlargement of hypertrophic cells by 80 days in dwarf mice is unexplained. PMID- 3248963 TI - Osteogenesis in two marsupial species, the bandicoot Isoodon macrourus and the possum Trichosurus vulpecula. AB - Skeletal development of two marsupial species, the bandicoot, Isoodon macrourus and the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, has been examined in whole mount preparations using a technique of clearing and differential staining of cartilage and bone. Both marsupials possess a complete cartilaginous skeleton at birth and ossification begins in the maxilla, mandible and certain bones of the forelimb soon after birth. The general pattern of ossification in these marsupials is similar to that in eutherians but the long bones of the forelimbs, and the thoracic vertebrae, have a precocious development when compared with that of eutherian mammals. This difference may be due to the requirement of the marsupial forearms for the passage of the young from the cloaca to the pouch. Accelerated rib development occurs, and is possibly related to respiratory movements which are initiated at a very much earlier stage than in eutherian mammals. PMID- 3248962 TI - The effects of a lengthy period of undernutrition from birth and subsequent nutritional rehabilitation on the granule-to-Purkinje cell ratio in the rat cerebellum. AB - Male rats were undernourished for various lengths of time between birth and 150 days of age, with some rats being nutritionally rehabilitated between 75 and 150 days of age. Eight control and eight experimental rats were anaesthetised and perfused with 2.5% glutaraldehyde at each of 21, 75 and 150 days of age. Stereological procedures were used to estimate granule-to-Purkinje cell ratios in lobes IV, V and VI, using 0.5 micron thick toluidine blue-stained sections. Undernourished rats had significantly lower body and cerebellar weights than controls at all ages examined. These deficits persisted even after a period of nutritional rehabilitation. The granule-to-Purkinje cells ratio did not differ between control and experimental groups at 21 or 75 days of age. However, at 150 days both undernourished and rehabilitated groups of animals had significant deficits in this ratio compared with age-matched controls. These results suggest that undernutrition can have profound effects on brain development in later life even if the effects are not apparent during the period of undernutrition. PMID- 3248964 TI - Variation in vertebral levels of the vertebra prominens and sacral dimples in subjects with scoliosis. AB - The vertebra prominens is found most frequently at C7 in both sexes (78.7% of 47 females, 58.8% of 17 males). It is frequently at T1 in females (3 of 47: 6.4%) though not uncommonly so in males (6 of 17: 35%). The first spinous process felt at the lower end of the nuchal furrow is an unreliable guide to the vertebra prominens in the female (being at C6 in 59.6% of female subjects and coinciding with the vertebra prominens in only 46.8%). The sacral dimples have a wide distribution in vertebral level and are unreliable as surface vertebral landmarks. The generally accepted vertebral level of sacral dimples being at S2 is disputed, being present at this level in only 5 of 68 subjects (7.4%). There is a significant sex difference in the location of sacral dimples, being higher relative to vertebrae in females than in males, P less than 0.05. This finding is related particularly to the greater pelvic height of adolescent girls compared with boys. PMID- 3248965 TI - The growth pattern of the clavicle in the rat. AB - The mode of growth of the rat clavicle from 17 to 45 days of age was studied by means of vital staining (alizarin red S), histology and autoradiography (tritiated thymidine). In addition the clavicle on one side was subjected to periostomy at the age of 10 days and its length compared with that of its unoperated counterpart at the ages of 17 and 45 days. The alizarin red staining revealed that the medial end of the clavicle contributes to the length of the bone, while the lateral end appears to have mainly an articulatory function. Histologically, the medial end cartilage closely resembles the condylar cartilage of the mandible, whereas the lateral end appears to be composed of two cartilaginous structures separated by a mesenchymatous layer. Tritiated thymidine was deposited in the mesenchymal cells covering the medial end cartilage, whereas virtually no activity was observed in the mesenchyme of the lateral end cartilage. The periostomised clavicle was more slender in appearance than its control throughout the observation period. The two clavicles were of the same length at 17 days, but by 45 days the periostomised clavicle was significantly longer than the control. It is suggested that the growth of the clavicle is essentially comparable to the growth of the mandible. Length growth occurs in response to the action of the surrounding structures, while analogously to the mandibular condyle, the medial end cartilage actively translates the bone in a direction perpendicular to the articular surface, giving rise to its curved shape. PMID- 3248966 TI - The onset and rate of myelination in six peripheral and autonomic nerves of the rat. AB - A light and electron microscopic study was carried out of the numbers of myelinated fibres in 6 nerves of the rat for 7 age groups from birth to 73 weeks. The hypoglossal nerve and the mandibular branch of the facial nerve had short and early myelination periods, essentially complete by the second week. The glossopharyngeal nerve and the sympathetic rami communicantes myelinated late and over a protracted period. Myelination of the rami communicantes continued up to 20 weeks, followed by a marked loss of fibres in the 73 week animals. Intercostal and saphenous nerves had intermediary patterns. There was evidence of subpopulations myelinating at different times. Measurements of myelin sheath thickness showed variations of relative sheath thickness with age, between nerves and for subpopulations of nerves. Late myelination corresponded to relatively thin myelin sheaths. Statistical two-stage-density cluster analysis by computer was used for analysing complex fibre populations. The developmental changes of three subpopulations of the intercostal nerve are documented. Nerves also differed in their rates of axon growth. The increment in axon calibre was small and late for sympathetic fibres. Intercostal and facial nerve fibres had rapid axon growth with different growth rates for subpopulations. PMID- 3248967 TI - Synaptic endfeet in the 'acoustic nerve nucleus' of the rat. An electron microscopic study. AB - The medial portion of the cochlear nerve of the rat contains astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons. These neurons form what has been called the 'acoustic nerve nucleus'. This nucleus has been studied here at the electron microscopic level. Its neurons are large and round, showing an eccentric nucleus, fibrillary bodies and rough endoplasmic reticulum which is not arranged in stacks. The somata and dendrites receive synaptic endfeet which can be classified into three groups according to vesicle size and shape. In general, the ultrastructural characteristics of these cells are similar to those of bushy cells as reported by other authors. The 'acoustic nerve nucleus' can be considered to be the most peripheral part of the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus. PMID- 3248968 TI - Growth changes in the skull and upper cervical skeleton after partial detachment of neck muscles. An experimental study in the rat. AB - The influence of altered neck muscle function on the morphology of the craniocervical area was studied in the rat. The neck muscles were detached from their cranial attachments at 14 days of age and the skulls subjected to macroscopic, radiological and microscopic examination at 180, 360 and 450 days of age. Visual observations only were made on the three upper cervical vertebrae. As compared with the situation in the unoperated control animals, the occipital area of the experimental skull was flattened, the superior margin of the foramen magnum was irregularly curved, the sutural serration appeared less accentuated in the posterior lambdoid suture, the normally smooth curvature of which had a caudal flexture in the middle. The spheno-occipital synchondrosis was structurally similar to that in the controls, and no obliteration was seen. The angular relations between the basicranial components changed following the operation in that the posterior basicranial components at first were bent downwards while the situation was later reversed. To compensate for the upward inclination of the posterior part of the basi-occipital bone, the anterior rim of the foramen magnum had become reshaped. The downward flexion of the basicranium was considered to be the result of the decreased nuchal muscle tension whereas the reversed angle phenomenon was possibly brought about by tissue scarring. The dorsal arch of the first cervical vertebra was wider craniocaudally than in the controls and its cranial border was bent ventrally. The second vertebra differed from the controls in that the spinous process was longer and in some cases was directed upwards.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3248969 TI - A quantitative study of the effects of vasectomy on spermatogenesis in rats. AB - A large sample of cross sectional profiles of seminiferous tubules from the left testes of five Albino Swiss rats 6 months after left unilateral vasectomy was compared with those of sham-operated controls. Using the classification of Leblond & Clermont (1952), based primarily on the morphology of the spermatids, the frequency of each stage of the seminiferous cycle was recorded. Profiles were also analysed for distension, reduction in epithelial area and changes in spermatocyte numbers. The lack of significant alterations in either the seminiferous cycle, the numbers of pachytene spermatocyte nuclei or epithelial area in the tubular profiles indicated that there was no alteration in spermatogenic rate after vasectomy. The lack of tubular distension, reduction in spermatocytes per unit length of perimeter or of the presence of mature spermatozoa at inappropriate stages of the cycle indicated the absence of sperm retention. The study makes clear that, at least in Albino Swiss rats 6 months after vasectomy, the apparently healthy tubules were indeed normal. PMID- 3248970 TI - Cavernous portion of the trochlear nerve with special reference to its site of entrance. AB - In a study of 80 cavernous sinuses in 40 cadavers, the trochlear nerve entered the cavernous sinus in 87.5% of cases before the crossing, in 7.5% at the crossing and in 5.0% after the crossing of the free and the attached margins of the tentorium cerebelli. In 77.5% of specimens the trochlear nerve showed a marked bend with flattening at the site of its entrance into the cavernous sinus. The nerve ran between the superficial and deep layers of dura, partly between them, in the thickness of the deeper layer, or deep to the deep layer but adherent to it. These findings do not conform with the description of its course by other workers in the past. In 72.5% of specimens the size of the trochlear nerve was larger during its course in the cavernous sinuses but in 20.0% of specimens such an increase in thickness was noted even in the posterior cranial fossa. Only in one specimen was the trochlear nerve adherent to the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Cases showing the trochlear nerve entering the cavernous sinus after the crossing of the two margins of tentorium cerebelli and the splitting and branching of the trochlear nerve in the cavernous sinus have not hitherto been reported. PMID- 3248971 TI - Formation of the central canal and dorsal glial septum in the spinal cord of the domestic cat. AB - Development of the neural tube results in a relative reduction of its lumen accompanied by an increasing thickness of its wall. The central canal measures only about one fifth of that of the former neural canal. This has been said to be the result of an obliteration or fusion of a part of the lumen. This transformation of the central canal takes place between fetal days 28 and 34 in the cat and is characterised by an elongation and shifting of the dorsal ependymal matrix cells and by an apposition of the lateral walls in the same region. It is suggested that the increase in size of the dorsal funiculi causes the elongation of the ependymal cells, the basal processes of which remain to form the dorsal glial septum. The proliferation of neurons and the resultant growth of the dorsal grey horns is believed to be responsible for the narrowing of the lumen. The lumen-contacting matrix cells are displaced from the former surface. These 'blast' cells develop into neurons or glial cells. Until two or three months after birth there is a small wedge-shaped area in the dorsal wall of the central canal which consists of fetal matrix cells with long tapering basal processes extending into the glial septum. After this date the matrix is exhausted and the ependyma forms the complete lining of the surface of the central canal. PMID- 3248972 TI - Quantitative relationships between axoplasm and Schwann cell sheath in unmyelinated nerve fibres. An electron microscope study. AB - The quantitative relationships between the size of the Schwann cell sheath and that of its related axoplasm were studied by electron microscopy in cross sections of bundles of unmyelinated axons (Remak bundles) of the spinal roots of lizard (Lacerta muralis). It was found that (i) the cross sectional area of the Schwann cell sheath is directly proportional to that of its related axoplasm (correlation coefficient 0.84), and (ii) the ratio between the cross sectional area of the Schwann cell sheath and that of its related axoplasm tends to diminish as the cross sectional area of the latter increases. Thus, under normal conditions, in the bundles of unmyelinated axons of the spinal roots of lizard a quantitative balance exists between the nerve tissue and its associated glial tissue. These results agree with those previously obtained in the myelinated fibres of the same region and in the spinal ganglia of the lizard, gecko, cat and rabbit. Some of the mechanisms probably involved in the control of the quantitative balance between nerve tissue and its associated glial tissue in peripheral nerves are listed. PMID- 3248973 TI - Distribution and termination of trigeminal nerves to the cerebral arteries in monkeys. AB - Wallerian degeneration was used to study the contributions of the first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve to cerebral arterial innervation in the cynomolgus monkey. Animals were killed by intracardiac perfusion of fixative three to seven days after left ophthalmic or maxillary neurotomy or a combination of both, using three animals for each procedure. Cerebral arteries were dissected, removed and prepared for light and electron microscopy. The anterior vessels of the circle of Willis received nerve fibres, distributed via the internal carotid artery, from the ipsilateral ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and a small maxillary contribution was also observed in some animals. The posterior vessels were supplied from the same trigeminal source but by a different route, the nerves moving onto the basilar artery bilaterally or unilaterally via the recurrent nerve of the cavernous plexus using the abducent nerve for access. From the basilar, fibres distributed to both posterior cerebral arteries. Augmentation of the vascular nerve supply apparently from branches of the vagus and/or hypoglossal nerves was noted but otherwise unexamined. Trigeminal terminals were found on all vessels of the circle of Willis and their distal branches throughout the thickness of the adventitia, often lying close to the media but never contacting smooth muscle cells. These observations are consistent with results from other studies employing neurohistochemical and tracer techniques in subprimates. Comparison of operated and control material failed to reveal any distinctive features of terminals attributable to a trigeminal source. PMID- 3248974 TI - Blood flow to the rat rectum: its intramural distribution and the response to injury. AB - Rectal blood flow was measured in rats using radioactive microspheres. Subsequent sectioning of the material allowed the intramural distribution of that flow to be assessed. Total flow increased with increasing distance from the anorectal junction but the distribution of flow remained the same with the mucosa receiving slightly less than two thirds of the total. Injury to the mucosa, produced by a surfactant administered as a suppository, doubled total flow in areas where the damage was most severe and revealed an ability of the intramural vascular beds to react independently. Flow to the mucosa increased both absolutely and proportionately and this entirely accounted for the increase in total flow. Flow to the muscularis externa was unaltered in absolute terms, but fell as a percentage of total flow. PMID- 3248975 TI - The heart of the newborn child: an anatomical study based upon transverse serial sections. AB - This study of the newborn child heart is based mainly on observations made on thin (0.2 mm) serial transverse sections of an entire thorax. Several features of the cardiovascular system associated with the fetal circulation are discussed. Despite considerable differences between the cardiac form in the newborn child and that in later postnatal life, the orientation of the heart in the newborn child has already attained many of its postnatal features. For example, it lies more nearly in the horizontal than the vertical plane and the atrial and ventricular septa are in line with each other at an angle of about 45 degrees to the median plane. This angulation of the septa determines that the right atrium and ventricle lie as much in front of the corresponding chambers of the left heart as they do to their right side. The cardiothoracic ratio and thoracic index are derived from a section through the thorax of the newborn child and these values are compared with those from a section through an adult man. A major purpose of this communication is to make a plea that the nomenclature given to all cardiac structures, even in the newborn child, should be consistent with the heart in situ in the anatomical position. PMID- 3248976 TI - Perspective on dental health, Part IV. 1988 Hawaii State Department of Health- dental practice survey. PMID- 3248977 TI - Latest ADA findings on safety of dental X-rays. PMID- 3248978 TI - Long-term prognosis for the clicking jaw. PMID- 3248979 TI - Rationale for management of mandibular third molars. PMID- 3248980 TI - Structure and distribution of lymphatic capillaries and fenestrated blood capillaries in the conduction system of the rabbit heart. AB - The distribution and structure of lymphatic and blood capillaries in the rabbit heart conduction system were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The sinuatrial node, atrioventricular node, and atrioventricular bundle possessed a rich network of lymphatic capillaries, which were situated not only at the periphery but also in the interior of the conduction system. The fine structure of these lymphatic capillaries was essentially similar to those within the atria and the ventricles. Although blood capillaries within working myocardium were nonfenestrated, the heart conduction system was often supplied by fenestrated blood capillaries. In the atrioventricular node and bundle especially, fenestrated blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries were topographically associated, forming an extensive microcirculatory system. The presence of fenestrated capillaries suggests that a fast transcapillary passage of metabolites occurs in these regions, while the lymphatic capillaries may play an important role in the removal of macromolecules and excess intercellular fluid. PMID- 3248981 TI - Hemodynamic characteristics in neural crest cell-excised chick embryo. AB - Damage to premigratory cranial neural crest cells results in cardiovascular anomalies of so-called conotruncal anomaly. In one report, it was suggested that hemodynamic alteration would precede abnormal cardiovascular morphogenesis. We repeated this hemodynamic study in neural crest cell-excised chick embryos and found that there was no difference in heart rate and blood pressure between the treated embryos (n = 11; 164 +/- 3 beats per min (BPM) and 0.75 +/- 0.03 mmHg, respectively) and control embryos (n = 7; 160 +/- 6 BPM and 0.72 +/- 0.07 mmHg, respectively). The response of heart rate to acetylcholine was less (P less than 0.05) in the treated embryos (-13% +/- 2%) than in the control (-20% +/- 2%). Thus, the present data do not support the hypothesis that alterations in blood pressure and heart rate are causally related to abnormal cardiovascular morphogenesis. The developmental significance of subtle functional changes in neural crest-extirpated embryos in response to cholinergic challenge is unclear. PMID- 3248982 TI - Differing time courses between delta lactate and mitochondrial respiration during coronary occlusion and after reperfusion in canine hearts. AB - The present study was designed to clarify whether or not a difference between arterial and venous lactate (delta lactate) levels is useful for evaluation of mitochondrial function in ischemia-reperfused myocardium. In the first experiment, 12 dogs were divided into 2 groups: 10-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by 10-min reperfusion, or 30 min occlusion followed by 40-min reperfusion, were performed. The lactate levels in the femoral artery and the great cardiac vein were measured enzymatically. delta Lactate was reversed immediately after occlusion. Ten min and 20 min were required for the recovery of delta lactate in the 10-min-occlusion with 10-min reperfusion, and 30-min-occlusion with 40-min-reperfusion groups, respectively. In the second experiment, 36 dogs were divided into 6 groups: 10-min occlusion of LAD; 10-min occlusion with 10-min reperfusion; 30-min occlusion; and 30-min occlusion with 10-, 20-, or 40-min reperfusion were performed. Mitochondria from normal and occluded or reperfused areas were prepared, and the respiratory function of the mitochondria was measured polarographically. No significant decreases in the mitochondrial function were observed in the 10-min-occlusion, and 10-min-occlusion with 10-min-reperfusion groups. On the other hand, respiratory function of mitochondria was impaired by 30-min occlusion and was not improved by 10- or 20-min reperfusion. Significant recovery in the mitochondrial function was observed after 40-min reperfusion. That is, differing recovery time courses between delta lactate and the mitochondrial function were observed. PMID- 3248983 TI - A new cardiotonic agent, OPC-8212, elevates the myocardial oxygen consumption versus pressure-volume area (PVA) relation in a similar manner to catecholamines and calcium in canine hearts. AB - We studied the effect of a new positive inotropic agent, OPC-8212 (3,4-Dihydro-6 [4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)-quinolinon e), on the relation between left ventricular oxygen consumption (VO2) and pressure-volume area (PVA) in excised cross-circulated dog hearts. PVA represents the total mechanical energy generated by ventricular contraction. OPC-8212 increased the contractility index, Emax, by 59% +/- 36% from 7.6 +/- 4.3 to 11.1 +/- 4.6 mmHg/(ml/100 g LV [leftventricle]). OPC-8212 elevated the VO2-PVA relation without a significant change in its slope. Namely, OPC-8212 did not affect the mechanical efficiency of the contractile machinery from the PVA-dependent fraction of VO2 to PVA, but increased the PVA-independent fraction of VO2 which is related with non mechanical processes of contraction. This effect suggested an increased energy expenditure for excitation-contraction coupling. These results associated with the enhanced contractile state by OPC-8212 were both qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those obtained with catecholamines and calcium in our previous study. This suggests that OPC-8212, catecholamines, and calcium have similar effects on intracellular Ca2+ concentration and enhanced ventricular contractility. PMID- 3248985 TI - Mechanics of percutaneous balloon valvotomy for mitral valvular stenosis. AB - The present study was performed to measure and calculate the mechanical force of percutaneous balloon valvotomy (PBV) for mitral valvular stenosis, using an equation pertaining to the mechanical force of the balloon needed to dilate the stenotic mitral valve. In case 1, the diameter of the mitral valve was enlarged by PBV from 1.43 cm to 2.40 cm and, in case 2, from 1.76 cm to 2.42 cm, with a mechanical force of 321 g and 436 g, respectively, following the equation. PMID- 3248984 TI - Hemodynamic stress in terminal saccular aneurysms: a laser-Doppler study. AB - The flow conditions and the related stresses in glass and silastic model aneurysms located at bifurcations were quantitatively determined by means of laser-Doppler-anemometry. The flow velocities in straight terminal models with the aneurysm forming an extension of the afferent vessel were unstable if the outflow through the branches of the bifurcation was balanced. Average flow velocities in the fundus were small, but irregular flow fluctuations of high amplitudes were observed. Asymmetrical outflow through the branches of the bifurcation induced a rotatory intra-aneurysmal circulation from the dominant to the subordinate branch. The circulation in angled terminal aneurysms with the aneurysmal axis at a 45 degree angle to the plane of the bifurcation was a vortex caused by the eccentric inflow from the afferent vessel. Maximum flow velocities measured in the center plane of the angled terminal aneurysms were in the range 50%-80% of the axial velocity in the afferent vessel. The present results indicate that the geometrical relation between aneurysm and parent vessels is the primary factor governing the intra-aneurysmal flow pattern. The elasticity of the models did not affect the average flow velocities, but the intra-aneurysmal pulse wave was damped in elastic models. On the basis of the measured velocity gradients near the walls, maximum shear stresses on the wall of a typical human terminal aneurysm were estimated to be in the order of 50 dyne/cm2 (5 Pascal), a value that is similar to the shear stresses that occur at the flow divider of a cerebral artery bifurcation. This is based on absolute flow velocity measurements in patients [8, 13]. PMID- 3248986 TI - Viral hepatitis--the Indian scene. PMID- 3248987 TI - Aetiological spectrum of viral hepatitis in hospitalised adult patients in Calcutta. PMID- 3248988 TI - Acute viral hepatitis in Bombay. PMID- 3248989 TI - The excretion of glycosaminoglycans in the urine of stone formers. PMID- 3248990 TI - Role of right precordial electrocardiography in the diagnosis of right ventricular infarction. PMID- 3248991 TI - Salmonella susceptibility to chloramphenicol and clinical response in enteric fever. PMID- 3248992 TI - Sjogren's syndrome in north Indian patients of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3248993 TI - Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly at onset of blastic crisis in chronic myeloid leukaemia have prognostic importance. PMID- 3248994 TI - Multifocal Langerhans cell granulomatosis and cranial diabetes insipidus in a patient with marfanoid habitus--a case report. PMID- 3248995 TI - Monocentric idiopathic osteolysis. PMID- 3248996 TI - A case of disseminated histoplasmosis treated successfully with ketoconazole. PMID- 3248997 TI - Vocal cord palsy in a patient of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3248998 TI - Sports and skin disorders. PMID- 3249000 TI - Caseating granuloma and sarcoidosis. PMID- 3248999 TI - Safe use of clonidine, nifedipine and vitamin K in hepatic porphyria. PMID- 3249001 TI - The first published case of sarcoidosis in India. PMID- 3249002 TI - 'Noonan's syndrome'--a case report. PMID- 3249003 TI - Dermato-polymyositis: a recent outbreak. PMID- 3249004 TI - Carcinoma oesophagus in a young girl masquerading as anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3249005 TI - Ranitidine and porphyria--causal or coincidental? PMID- 3249006 TI - Prognostication of ischaemic strokes. PMID- 3249007 TI - Value of computed tomography in prognostication of ischaemic stroke. PMID- 3249008 TI - Cardiovascular involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and echocardiographic study. PMID- 3249009 TI - Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary valve stenosis using single or double balloon technique. PMID- 3249010 TI - Prospective study of complications during treadmill exercise ECG test in 1015 procedures. PMID- 3249011 TI - Vesico ureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy. PMID- 3249012 TI - Adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus presenting as a polyp. PMID- 3249013 TI - Localised amyloidosis. PMID- 3249014 TI - Intravenous benzyl penicillin. PMID- 3249015 TI - "Low dose mebendazole therapy in pulmonary hydatid cyst". PMID- 3249016 TI - Skeletal fluorosis secondary to occult kidney disease an appraisal. PMID- 3249017 TI - Pan Masala: is it really safe? A clarification. PMID- 3249018 TI - Water intake induced by water deprivation in the quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. AB - Mechanisms inducing drinking after water deprivation, and mechanisms terminating drinking after rehydration, were investigated in the quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. 1. Water intake was induced after 4 h of water deprivation, and the amount of water drunk increased in proportion to the period of water deprivation. Drinking occurred immediately after deprivation. Drinking occurred immediately after deprived birds were given access to water, and continued for periods proportional to the period of water deprivation. 2. Plasma angiotensin II concentration increased, as did plasma osmolality and Na+ concentration, and blood volume decreased after water deprivation. The increase in plasma angiotensin II concentration and decrease in blood volume occurred soon after the start of water deprivation, whereas plasma osmolality and Na+ concentration did not increase until at least 4 h after the start of water deprivation. 3. These results indicate that extracellular dehydration and angiotensin II are responsible for the significant drinking that follows 4 h of water deprivation, and that cellular dehydration is also involved in the stimulation of drinking that occurs after longer periods of water deprivation. 4. Plasma osmolality and Na+ concentration in birds deprived of water for 48 h quickly returned to normal levels after the birds were allowed access to water. Plasma angiotensin II levels and blood volume also approached the values measured prior to water deprivation. However, the rate and degree of restoration of normal values were reduced, and normal values were not restored even after 1.5 h or rehydration when drinking terminated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249019 TI - Species specificity of transferrin binding, endocytosis and iron internalization by cultured chick myogenic cells. AB - The ability of unlabelled heterologous transferrin to interact with transferrin receptors on developing chick myogenic cells was investigated by measuring their capacity to inhibit the surface-binding and internalization of 125I- and 59Fe labelled ovotransferrin. Transferrins from rat, rabbit, human, and a species of kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) were unable to inhibit either surface-binding or internalization of labelled ovotransferrin even at concentrations ten times the molar concentration of the ovotransferrin. Transferrins isolated from the serum of a toad (Bufo marinus) and a lizard (Teliqua rugosa), when added at high concentrations, were found to reduce surface-binding of 125I-Tf by 20-25% but did not inhibit internalization of either 125I-Tf or 59Fe. This suggests that the effects of toad and lizard transferrins are due to non-specific binding to the myogenic cells. In contrast, inhibition of both surface-binding and internalization of labelled ovotransferrin was found when myogenic cells were incubated in the presence of the homologous transferrin (ovotransferrin). The species-specificity of transferrin binding, endocytosis and iron internalization did not vary with the state of proliferation or differentiation of the myogenic cells. However, the intracellular iron utilization was found to differ between differentiating presumptive and terminally differentiated myotubes. Internalized 59Fe was fractioned by gel filtration. In dividing and non-dividing presumptive myoblasts 59Fe was found to elute in three peaks, two with elution volumes corresponding to ferritin and transferrin and one at greater elution volume than that of myoglobin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249020 TI - Evidence for improved myocardial oxygen delivery and function during hypoxia in the mole rat. AB - The high capillary density of the hypoxic adapted mole rat may provide an efficient oxygen extraction system that permits the maintenance of a normal metabolic rate during hypoxia. We compared myocardial function and energetics in the isolated working heart of the mole rat with that of the white rat during oxygenation (567 torr O2) and 3 hypoxic periods of 319, 232 and 155 torr O2, each followed by a reoxygenation period. Control hearts were perfused for a similar time but with oxygenated buffer. The control oxygenated mole rat heart had higher coronary flow (CF), systolic pressure and myocardial O2 consumption (VO2) and lower coronary resistance compared with the heart of the white rat. The hypoxic heart of the mole rat had higher CF, aortic flow, stroke volume, VO2, mechanical power and efficiency, and lower coronary resistance compared with the hypoxic heart of the white rat. The better performance of the hypoxic mole rat heart was not due to a more efficient O2 extraction but was associated with a lower coronary resistance. The findings correlate with the known cardiac physiology of the intact mole rat. PMID- 3249021 TI - Physiological significance of catalase and glutathione peroxidases, and in vivo peroxidation, in selected tissues of the toad Discoglossus pictus (Amphibia) during acclimation to normobaric hyperoxia. AB - 1. Various parameters related to oxidative stress were measured in adult Discoglossus pictus acclimated for 15 days to either normoxia or hyperoxia (PO2 = 710 mmHg). 2. Total weight of the toads and total and relative wet weight of liver, kidneys, lungs and heart were not changed by hyperoxic acclimation. 3. In vivo tissue peroxidation increased in lung, decreased in skeletal muscle, and was not changed in liver, kidney, heart and skin after hyperoxic exposure. 4. Hyperoxic acclimation increased catalase activities in the lung, liver, kidney and heart but not in skeletal muscle and skin. 5. Liver showed higher GSH peroxidase activity with cumene-OOH than with H2O2 as substrate, whereas lung, skeletal muscle and skin presented similar GSH-peroxidase activities with both substrates. 6. GSH-peroxidase activities did not change between hyperoxic and normoxic animals in liver, lung, skeletal muscle and skin. 7. These results show that catalase, not GSH-peroxidase, is the principal H2O2 detoxifying enzyme involved in the adaptation of D. pictus to hyperoxia. PMID- 3249022 TI - Influence of age and splanchnic nerve on the action of melatonin in the adrenomedullary catecholamine content and blood glucose level in the avian group. AB - A single intraperitoneal (IP) melatonin injection (0.5 mg/100 g body wt.) caused an increase in norepinephrine (NE) fluorescence and elevation of NE content in newly-hatched pigeons (Columba livia), but a reduction of NE fluorescence and depletion of NE content in the adrenal medulla of newly-hatched crows (Corvus splendens) after 0.5 h of treatment. In contrast, in adults melatonin caused increase in NE fluorescence and elevation of NE content only in the parakeet (Psittacula krameri). Half an hour of IP melatonin treatment (0.5 mg/100 g body wt.) induced release of epinephrine (E) from the adrenal medulla of newly-hatched pigeon and parakeet. In contrast, in the adults melatonin caused more than a two fold increase in E in the pigeon, and a significant increase in the crow. Single IP melatonin injection (0.5 mg/100 g body wt.) caused hypoglycemia in the newly hatched parakeet and adult pigeon, and hyperglycemia in newly-hatched pigeon after 0.5 h of treatment. Melatonin failed to regulate glucose homoeostasis in newly-hatched and adult crow. Splanchnic denervation of the left adrenal gland was performed in the adult pigeon. The right adrenal served as the innervated gland. Melatonin-induced modulation of catecholamines following a single IP injection (0.5 mg/100 g body wt.) revealed significant increases in NE fluorescence and NE content at 4 and 12 h after treatment in the denervated gland only, which gradually approached normal levels 9 days after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249023 TI - Metabolism of trimethylamines in kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus) and marine and freshwater pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). AB - 3H or 14C labeled tracers were used to investigate the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), choline, and betaine in free swimming kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus). An indwelling cannula in the ventral aorta was used to administer tracer and with-draw blood samples. The concentrations of TMA and TMAO were determined in liver, muscle, and plasma. The TMA liver content is higher than that of muscle (0.85 vs less than 0.01 mumoles/g wet tissue) while the amount of TMAO in muscle greatly exceeds its liver concentration (60 vs 0.04 mumoles/g wet tissue). Prolonged fasting (21 and 75 days) or feeding the fish a squid diet containing high levels of TMAO did not alter the tissue concentrations of TMA or TMAO, suggesting that these compounds are endogenous in origin and that their tissue concentrations are subject to regulation. Comparison of the radiospecific activities of TMA and TMAO, and the administered TMA tracer suggest that TMA is channeled directly to TMAO in the liver without equilibration in the hepatic TMA pool. The conversion kinetics of TMA to TMAO and the distribution of these amines in liver and muscle with time suggest that labeled TMA is rapidly taken up into a sequestered pool from which it is slowly released, oxidized to TMAO in the liver, and then transported via the circulation to the muscle mass. The location of this proposed sequestered TMA pool was not determined. Experiments with labeled choline and betaine suggest that these compounds are interconverted in the liver and that enzymes are present for conversion of choline in equilibrium betaine----TMA----TMAO. Labeled dimethylamine (DMA) was not metabolized and is, therefore, probably not a precursor of TMA and TMAO. [14C]Trimethylamine (TMA) was also used to investigate the possible role of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) as an osmoregulatory compound in migrating prespawning cannulated Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) taken from marine or fresh water environments. Marine and fresh water salmon oxidized administered [14C]TMA to TMAO; labeled metabolites other than TMA and TMAO were not detected. Four hours after [14C]TMA injection about 10% of the administered dose was present in muscle as labeled TMAO and about 33% as TMA. Unlike our finding in kelp bass, [14C]TMAO was not recovered in liver, although low amounts of labeled TMA were found (0.4% of administered dose). Labeled TMA and TMAO, however, were detected in liver after [14C]betaine administration to a marine salmon, indicating that TMA-mono-oxygenase is present in salmon liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3249026 TI - Infectious syndromes of the head and neck. PMID- 3249024 TI - Hormone studies in Myxine glutinosa: effects of the eicosanoids arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E1, E2, A2, F2 alpha, thromboxane B2 and of indomethacin on plasma cortisol, blood pressure, urine flow and electrolyte balance. AB - Hagfish, Myxine glutinosa, were used in an investigation of the possible effects of various eicosanoids and the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin, on cortisol production, blood pressure control, urine flow and electrolyte balance. Cortisol levels in plasma of untreated control animals and plasma from animals 1 h following injection of 50 micrograms kg-1 prostaglandin E1, E2, A2, F2 alpha TXB2 and indomethacin were not detectable. However, plasma cortisol levels rose to between 10 and 26 pg ml-1 1 h following injection of either 50 micrograms kg-1 arachidonic acid or prostaglandin E2. This rise was similar in magnitude to that produced 1 h following administration of 50 micrograms kg-1 porcine ACTH. The resting dorsal aortic blood pressure of between 3.50 and 3.75 mmHg was reduced on average by 50% for 12-15 min when animals received 10 micrograms kg-1 arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E1, E2, A2, and TXB2 and was effectively reduced to zero for 20 min or more following 50 micrograms kg-1 of these eicosanoids. Similar doses of prostaglandin F2 alpha, however, evoked an increase in blood pressure (19-33%) whilst indomethacin was without effect. Control measurements of urine flow in Myxine were estimated to be between 540 and 660 microliters h-1 kg-1. There was a marked reduction in urine output following the arterial vasodepression induced by arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E1, E2, A2 and TXB2 in doses of 10 micrograms kg-1, an effect which became even more pronounced following injection of 50 micrograms kg-1 quantities, leading in some cases to complete anuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249025 TI - [Desirable characteristics for posterior composite resin cavities]. PMID- 3249027 TI - Anatomic basis of head and neck infections. AB - The head is the portal for all infections acquired by ingestion and inhalation. The oropharynx, with its fine microbiologic niches around the teeth, serves as a source for endogenous pyogenic infections of the head and neck. The anatomic connections of the head with the mediastinum through extensions of the deep cervical fascia, and the intracranial venous sinuses connected through emissary veins to the facial veins, make infections of this region the most dreaded. Perhaps no other set of lymph nodes in the human body is challenged as frequently by microbiologic insults as the cervical lymph nodes. PMID- 3249028 TI - Infectious diarrhea. PMID- 3249029 TI - TMJ arthroscopy: a new perspective of an old problem. PMID- 3249030 TI - Demographic study of UTDB patient population. PMID- 3249031 TI - Differential diagnosis in dentistry. HIV-associated periodontitis. PMID- 3249033 TI - Differential diagnosis in dentistry. Discoid lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3249032 TI - Continuing dental education survey results. PMID- 3249034 TI - What they failed to teach you in dental school. PMID- 3249035 TI - Color doppler echocardiography. PMID- 3249036 TI - Relationship between beat to beat interval and left ventricular function in patients with atrial fibrillation. AB - In atrial fibrillation, the relation between the rhythm and volume of the pulse has long been of interest. However, changes in preload in this condition have not been fully addressed since beat to beat measurement of filling volume have been difficult until recently. In the present study, we evaluated left ventricular outflow and inflow velocity using pulsed Doppler echocardiography and correlated these results with the R-R interval in the individual patient. The study population consisted of 12 patients with atrial fibrillation, aged 36 to 69 years (mean 54 years). The etiology of atrial fibrillation was idiopathic in 10 and 2 patients had dilated cardiomyopathy. Stroke and filling volume were calculated as a pruduct of the flow velocity integral of left ventricular outflow and inflow velocity, and the cross-sectional area of aortic and mitral annulus, respectively. In 10 patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation, significant positive correlations were observed between the preceding R-R interval and both the stroke volume and the filling volume of the preceding beat when the R-R interval was shorter than 600 msec. Stroke volume and filling volume of the preceding beat were almost constant, independent of the preceding R-R interval when the preceding R-R interval was longer than 600 msec, the interval necessary for the completion of the preceding rapid filling. In the same preceding R-R interval, a larger stroke volume was observed in a shorter pre-preceding R-R interval. In 2 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy no relationship could be observed between the preceding R-R interval and the filling volume of the preceding beat or the stroke volume. In patients with a normally functioning left ventricle (idiopathic atrial fibrillation), reduced cycle length and filling volume in the preceding cardiac cycle appear to be the underlying cause of the regulation of stroke volume, dependent on Starling's law. However, in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy no significant correlation was observed between the preceding R-R interval and both the filling volume of the preceding beat and the stroke volume. In these patients the left ventricle may have limited contractile reserve and altered diastolic re-coil forces possibly due to degenerative changes of myocardium. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography provides a non-invasive method of evaluating the instantaneous changes in left ventricular flow dynamics caused by atrial fibrillation and understanding its fundamental mechanism. PMID- 3249037 TI - International workshop on: Patient decision making in coronary artery disease: present role and future prospectives of echocardiography. Bari, Italy, May 22-24, 1989. Abstracts. PMID- 3249038 TI - Nuclear compactness as assessed by ferritin permeation: a critical evaluation of the method. AB - The fracture-permeation method was applied in order to assess changes in nuclear compactness associated with different metabolic conditions. Rat ventral prostate was used as a model because transcription in the secretory cells of this organ is highly dependent on androgens. Two major problems that raise important questions concerning the validity of the method were encountered: (1) poorly preserved cells are massively permeated by ferritin and (2) within the same experimental group the permeation pattern was quite variable. In order to objectify such variability, the percentage of permeated nuclear cross-fractures was quantified. Different permeation patterns could be detected in nuclei from normal, castrated, and testosterone-treated prostatic cells, possibly reflecting changes in chromatin compactness. PMID- 3249039 TI - The surface structure of photoreceptor outer segment disks. AB - The double-membrane disks in the outer segment of photoreceptors in the rabbit retina were isolated structurally intact after crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The following criteria were used to determine that intact whole disks were isolated: (1) the disk diameter, 1.4 microns; (2) the presence of one incision extending toward the center of the disk; (3) the edge structure; and (4) the presence of particulate material with the dimensions of the particles corresponding to those present in the particulate fracture face of freeze fractured outer segment disks. The disks were analyzed after negative staining or after freeze-drying and surface replication. The surface of the disks appeared smooth. In damaged disks negative staining revealed the presence of particulate material located below the disk surface. The observations are interpreted to reveal that the lipid bilayers of the disks are located at the disk surfaces shielding the rhodopsin molecules from contact with the cytoplasm present between the disks. PMID- 3249040 TI - Visualization of glycoproteins after tunicamycin and monensin treatment of herpes simplex virus infected cells. AB - The effects of tunicamycin and monensin on the morphogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 and on the ultrastructure and function of host cell membranes was investigated by conventional technics of electron microscopy and cytochemical localization of glycoproteins with thiocarbohydrazide-SO2. Infected RS 537 rabbit fibroblasts were treated with tunicamycin, which inhibits the glycosylation of many glycoproteins, or monensin, which inhibits the transport of proteins to the cell surface, and were compared with untreated infected cells. Tunicamycin treatment almost entirely suppresses the perinuclear envelopment of viral capsids, induces the nuclear export of unusually numerous naked viral capsids, and prevents the proliferation of the Golgi apparatus. On the other hand, perinuclear envelopment of viral capsids still occurs following a monensin treatment; however, enveloped viral capsids are not released into the extracellular space; in addition this treatment induces the proliferation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The number of structures stained for glycoproteins in tunicamycin-treated cells is markedly lower than that in nontreated infected cells, whereas an unusual additional staining of the entire outer nuclear membrane and of the RER occurs following monensin treatment. PMID- 3249041 TI - Three-dimensional structure of the crystalline surface layer from Aeromonas hydrophila. AB - The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the crystalline surface layer of Aeromonas hydrophila has been determined to a resolution of 1.3 nm by crystallographic electron microscopy. The S-layer has tetragonal symmetry, with a unit cell dimension of 12.0 nm and a thickness of 5.6 nm. The 3D reconstruction reveals a distinct domain structure, with one main protein mass at one of the fourfold symmetry axes and a minor part at the other. PMID- 3249043 TI - Clinical assay of serum SCC-Ag in urothelial cancers. AB - Serum squamous cell carcinoma related antigen (SCC-Ag) values were determined in 86 patients with urothelial cancers. Mean +/- standard deviation for serum SCC Ag, was 3.4 +/- 0.98 ng/ml and positive values (greater than 2.0 ng/ml) were found in 27%. Neither pathological stage nor cell grade of the urothelial cancer showed any relation to serum SCC-Ag. Serum SCC-Ag. changed parallel to the clinical course. These results suggest that, as there is no specific tumor marker in urothelial cancer, serum SCC-Ag. may be a useful aid in diagnosing cancer and monitoring these patients. Used together with another non-specific marker, an increase in the accuracy of diagnosis of these malignancies can be expected. PMID- 3249042 TI - Non-dehalogenation mechanisms for excretion of radioiodine after administration of labeled antibodies. AB - In patients or mice with cancer the pharmacokinetic behavior of radioiodinated and radiometal chelated antibodies has been observed to be different. Rapid clearance from the tissues and excretion into the urine can occur after injection of radioiodinated antibodies. These observations have been interpreted to reflect in vivo dehalogenation of the antibody. This publication describes a variety of other mechanisms that can underlie these phenomena. These mechanisms include receptor uptake and catabolism of antibody and instability of the labeled antibody due to the labeling conditions. Specifically, the relative masses of chloramine-T and antibody in the iodination reaction mixture, the level of iodination of the antibody, and the amount of antibody administered to the recipient are all factors which can influence the clearance of radioiodinated antibody from the recipient. The final determinant for the different behavior of radioiodinated and In-111 metal chelated antibody relate to the different biologic pathways of indium when compared to iodine. PMID- 3249045 TI - Endocrine treatment of primary and advanced breast cancer. PMID- 3249044 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB: a lung cancer associated marker. AB - We investigated the diagnostic role of creatine kinase isoenzyme BB (CK-BB) in lung cancer. CK-BB was assayed using a radioimmunological system by saturation with Mallinchrodt double antibody 125I labelled (RIA Quant-CPK-BB). Sensitivity was 97% and specificity 90% in 44 cancers (T2-T3), in 36 non-cancers (chronic bronchitis) and in 48 healthy controls. Mean serum CK-BB values for patients with chronic bronchitis (2.64 +/- 1.1 ng/ml) were virtually the same as in normal subjects. Patients with lung cancer had markedly higher serum CK-BB values (9.17 +/- 2.6 ng/ml) than either the control group (healthy subjects) or the chronic bronchitis patients (p less than 0.01). These results lead us to suggest that CK BB serum determination might prove useful in screening pulmonary disorders. However, further studies are essential to establish: 1) the relationship between serum levels of the isoenzyme and the histology and stage of the neoplastic disease; 2) the relation between CK-BB and the aggressive potential of the neoplastic clone. PMID- 3249046 TI - Revision of quality control programme (1986) for ER and PgR measurement. PMID- 3249047 TI - Hypomethylation of the human estrogen receptor gene in primary human breast cancers. PMID- 3249048 TI - Estrogen receptors and breast cancer: a new approach to the cut-off problem. PMID- 3249049 TI - A new approach to quality control: experience in steroid receptor assay. PMID- 3249050 TI - Biochemical parameters in the cytosol of breast cancer. PMID- 3249051 TI - [A case report of tracheal leiomyoma]. PMID- 3249052 TI - [Surgical treatment of a DeBakey type-I dissection of the aorta with intimo intimal intussusception]. PMID- 3249053 TI - [Thrombosed St. Jude Medical valve prosthesis--report of two cases]. PMID- 3249054 TI - [Surgical treatment of infectious endocarditis complicated by mycotic cerebral aneurysm]. PMID- 3249055 TI - [Clinical study on prognosis of surgically treated valvular heart disease- determinants of cumulative mortality]. PMID- 3249056 TI - [Left ventricular response to exercise in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation]. PMID- 3249057 TI - [Scalene node biopsy in resectable primary lung cancer]. PMID- 3249058 TI - [A comparison of intermittent versus continuous aortic cross-clamping during multidose cardioplegic arrest and the possible participation of oxygen toxicity in the cellular injury induced by reperfusion of ischemic myocardium]. PMID- 3249059 TI - [Effect of potassium cardioplegia on postoperative low output syndrome and ventricular arrhythmia after valvular replacement]. PMID- 3249060 TI - [Arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries with intact interventricular septum]. PMID- 3249061 TI - [Early and late results of rereplacement of prosthetic heart valve--an analysis of risk factors]. PMID- 3249062 TI - [Evaluation of bronchial circulation and wound healing after sleeve lobectomy--a study on tissue oxygen tension and hydroxyproline concentration of the anastomotic site]. PMID- 3249063 TI - [The surgical treatment for annuloaortic ectasia--experience of Cabrol's procedure in five cases]. PMID- 3249064 TI - [Auditory brain stem response (ABR) during open heart surgery under hypothermia in infants and small children]. PMID- 3249065 TI - [Combined resection of the aorta for lung cancer invading the descending aorta]. PMID- 3249066 TI - [Management of patients with thymoma]. PMID- 3249067 TI - [Changes of S100a0 in plasma and in urine during open heart operation]. PMID- 3249068 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of advanced valvular heart disease with preoperative major organ dysfunctions]. PMID- 3249069 TI - [Complete obstruction of the left main trunk associated with collateral circulation of multiple coronary fistulae opening into the pulmonary artery--an operative case]. PMID- 3249070 TI - [True aneurysm of mitral valve--report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3249071 TI - [Experience with the new Wheat technique for DeBakey type I dissecting aneurysm]. PMID- 3249072 TI - [The role of phosphorylation on the assembly-disassembly of intermediate filaments]. PMID- 3249073 TI - [Mechanism of foam cell transformation of macrophages]. PMID- 3249074 TI - [Physiological effects of gizzerosine, a natural inducer of gizzard erosion in chicks]. PMID- 3249075 TI - [Biochemistry of peptidylarginine deiminase]. PMID- 3249076 TI - [Kinetic study on dissociation-association and conformational changes in proteins by stopped-flow X-ray scattering]. PMID- 3249077 TI - [Submicrosecond imaging of membrane potential under a pulsed-laser fluorescence microscope--electroporation of cell membrane visualized]. PMID- 3249079 TI - [Genetic biochemistry of nitrogen fixation]. PMID- 3249078 TI - [Current topics on gene transfer]. PMID- 3249080 TI - [Construction of automated micro-stopped flow apparatus and its application as a real-time analyzer in liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3249081 TI - New pharmacological and clinical properties of the venoactive agent: Venoruton (Paroven). Studies presented at the 1st Mediterranean Congress of Angiology. Corfu, Greece, May 29 to June 3, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3249083 TI - A technique to improve the accuracy of total maxillary surgery. PMID- 3249082 TI - Stability of simultaneous mobilization of the maxilla and mandible utilizing internal rigid fixation. PMID- 3249084 TI - A comparison of two measures for repositioning the maxilla during orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3249085 TI - Operative correction and prosthodontic care in skeletal deformities of the face. Discussion and reports of typical cases. PMID- 3249086 TI - Adult orthodontics: factors differentiating the selection of biomechanics in growing and adult individuals. PMID- 3249087 TI - Morphological studies of the upper end of the femur. II. Macroscopic, radiological, histological and histomorphometrical studies. AB - Fragments of bone from the proximal femur were obtained at autopsy. Macroscopic, radiological and histological studies were then performed on these specimens, and the following observations were made: 1) It was possible to classify the bone marrow into four groups based on the distribution and volume of the red and yellow marrow. 2) The radiological findings were classified into four groups according to the degree of bone loss, as in aging. 3) The histomorphometrical studies of the femoral neck by undecalcified ground section showed a decrease in bone area with aging. In the female, scalloped and osteoid surface increased with age in the medial cancellous bone as did scalloped surface in the lateral. This observation may explain the age-related bone fragility of the femoral neck, especially in the elderly females. PMID- 3249088 TI - [A cineradiographic study of normal wrist motion]. AB - To clarify carpal alignment during wrist motion, a cineradiographic analysis of 60 normal wrists was carried out. The radio-lunate angle, radio-scaphoid angle and scapho-lunate angle were all measured in lateral view. While in postero anterior view, the angular change and radio-ulnar displacement of the lunate, and the height of the scaphoid were also measured. Normal standard curves for respective parameters were obtained from this analysis, which clarify the movement of each carpal bone. The normal standard curves enable the respective parameters of the X-ray films in the various positions to correct that in the neutral position. Therefore, the standard curves are useful not only for quantitative diagnosis of abnormality of the wrist joint, but for comparison of pre- and post-operative carpal alignment. Moreover, examination of variation and laterality among the individual normal cases confirmed the importance of examining movement patterns of the lunate in the diagnosis of carpal instability. PMID- 3249089 TI - [Medical studies on shoes]. PMID- 3249090 TI - [A histomorphometric study of normal iliac trabecular bones. Part I: Age related changes and the values of tissue-leveled static parameters]. AB - Trans-iliac bone biopsies were performed on 142 normal Japanese subjects (55 males, 87 females, mean age: 44.8 years) and were evaluated particularly for the indices of tissue-leveled static parameters: volume and thickness of bone/osteoid, and surface measurement of formation, resorption and inert surface. The results were in general agreement with previous studies, but some discrepancies were found regarding osteoid indices: 1) The osteoid (formation) surface, especially osteoblastic osteoid surfaces, increased significantly at the ages from 50 to 60 years in females, 2) osteoid volume and relative osteoid volume were also found to have increased at this age range in females, 3) osteoid thickness decreased or had a rather constant value in females, and 4) the values of these 3 parameters decreased in males with the advance of age after young adulthood. From these results, at least at tissue level, the bone formation rate seemed to increase from the 6th to the 7th decade of life in women making a clear contrast to men in whom the formation rate appeared to decrease within the same age range. PMID- 3249091 TI - [A histomorphometric study of normal iliac trabecular bones. Part II: Age changes and the values of MWT and related parameters]. AB - The Mean Wall Thickness (MWT) of the trabecular packet and other related indices: number of osteocytic lacunae (N-0) and maximum number of birefringent lamellae (N 1) in the packet were measured in 142 normal Japanese subjects (male 55, female 87, mean age 44.8 yrs). MWT was obtained by the equation MWT = 2S/L, where S and L designate area and perimeter, respectively. The MWT, S, and L of the packets all decreased significantly after young adulthood. N-0 and N-1 also decreased significantly with age. In contrast, S/(N-0), which is the measure of the volume of the matrix being formed by a single osteoblast, did not change with age. Therefore, it may be concluded that BMU-leveled bone formation decreases with age probably due to the decreased number of osteoblasts which participate in forming a trabecular packet. PMID- 3249092 TI - [Arm rotation during abduction of the shoulder in the scapular plane]. AB - The arm rotation during abduction of the shoulder in the scapular plane was investigated in 11 volunteers. The degree and direction of the arm rotation were measured using five potentiometers, and were analysed by a computer system. In eight volunteers, the arm always rotated externally (1.5 degrees-4.9 degrees of rotation for each 10 degrees of abduction); in one volunteer it rotated internally (0.9 degree of rotation for each 10 degrees of abduction); and in the two remaining volunteers it rotated without showing a constant tendency during the abduction. The degree of arm rotation was correlated to the tilting angle of the acromial articular surface which was measured radiographically. A tendency of external rotation of the arm is suggested to occur during abduction in the scapular plane along with the decrease of the tilting angle of the acromial articular surface. PMID- 3249093 TI - [Results of conservative treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip- significance of arthrography]. AB - To evaluate the clinical value of hip arthrography, especially two-directional arthrography, the author compared the treatment results of three different groups, Group A: cases treated without arthrography, Group B: cases treated using anteroposterior arthrography and Group C: cases treated using two-directional arthrography. With Lorenz's method, all three groups achieved about 40% success to G-I, II by Severin's classification. G-III, IV was obtained in Group A, B and C at 50.4%, 19.5% and 2.8%, while cases of open reduction at 3.8%, 37.0% and 55.6%, respectively. By selecting the cases that may obtain G-III, IV with Lorenz's method and by applying open reduction to them, in Group C, reduction was obtained in 93.8% of cases treated with Lorenz's method and 91.7% when cases treated with open reduction were included. Using two-directional arthrography, cases which should not be treated conservatively may be identified to apply open reduction to obtain better overall results. PMID- 3249095 TI - [Function of the shoulder joint after pectoralis major transfer--tracking movement and its electromyographical study]. AB - In 11 cases of pectoralis major transfer, tracking movement was performed in the scapular and sagittal planes for both shoulder joints to compare the tracking movement ability of the operated shoulder and the unoperated shoulder. At the same time, electromyograms were taken of the upper trapezius, the middle deltoideus, the pectoralis major and the rhomboideus to compare the EMG amplitude of the operated shoulder and the unoperated shoulder. For all movement at average values, tracking movement ability was better in the operated shoulder. From these findings, it is thought that pectoralis major transfer increases shoulder stability at the time of movement. The increase in EMG amplitude of pectoralis major of the operated shoulder is considered to result from the action of the transferred pectoralis major, which serves as an effective abductor of the scapula, also taking into account the early occurrence of scapular abduction. PMID- 3249094 TI - [Anticancer drug screening test for human osteosarcoma transplanted into nude mice]. AB - Osteosarcoma tissue was transplanted into the subcutis of nude mice, and an anticancer drug was injected into the abdomen of the mice. The effects of Cis platinum, SF-1739HP, Melphalan, Peleomycin and Aclacinomycin were tested. Only Cis-platinum had previously been used in the treatment of osteosarcoma. As the conventional method of evaluation, tumor weight change was recorded along the time course. As a new evaluation method, toluidine-blue was added into the tumor cell suspension prepared from the tumor tissue in the back of nude mice. By the intensity of staining, the tumor cells in suspension were classified into 3 categories; strongly-positive, weakly-positive and negative. Results of evaluation by the staining method were similar to those by measurement of tumor weight. Cis-platinum proved to be most effective, followed in decreasing order by SF-1739HP, Melphalan, Pepleomycin and Aclacinomycin. In conclusion, the staining method is simple and useful for screening the anti-cancer effects of drugs. PMID- 3249096 TI - [Analysis of the scapulohumeral rhythm]. AB - The movement of the shoulder complex was once aptly described by Codman as the "scapulohumeral rhythm". To demonstrate this rhythm, 20 normal men and four patients with rotator cuff rupture were asked to elevate their arms smoothly in approximately three seconds and five seconds in front of a fluoroscope with or without load. The X-ray was irradiated perpendicularly in the scapular plane. The movements were calculated using a computer. In the normal men, the ratio of the scapular movements to humeral movements was not constant during scapular abduction. The movements of the instant center of the humerus occurred in a small area during abduction, and the result suggested that the movement of the glenohumeral joint was almost rotational. The movements of the instant center of the scapula occurred in a relatively large area during abduction. The movements of the shoulder complex with cuff rupture were quite different from those of normal men. PMID- 3249097 TI - [Pathological study of the supraspinatus tendon]. AB - To clarify the aging process and pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears, left supraspinatus tendons from 268 cadaveric specimens (171 men and 97 women, ages 0 to 87 years) were studied. The incidence of complete thickness tear was 6.7%, and that of incomplete thickness tear was 13.8% (bursal side tears: 2.6%, intratendinous tears: 7.5% and joint side tears: 3.7%). Microscopic examinations were conducted topographically in five sites near the supraspinatus insertion. In the articular side of the tendon, there were fewer tenocytes, fewer arterioles and more chondrocyte like cells than in any other portions. The incidence of hyperplasia of intima was higher in the specimens of aged persons in all portions. At the insertion in the aged specimens the arrangement of four transitional zones became much more irregular and the numbers of tidemark was occasionally increased with granulomatous tissue. The pathogenesis of the rotator cuff tear can be ascribed to the combination of aging, enthesopathy, inherent property of the supraspinatus tendon, injury and subacromial impingement. PMID- 3249098 TI - Clinical results following enlargement of the cervical spinal canal by means of laminoplasty. AB - Since 1978, cervical spinal canal laminoplasty has been performed on 75 patients in our hospital with cervical radiculomyelopathy and followed with studies of from 6 months to 8 years (average 4 years and 6 months). Overall results: the pre operative score, using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scoring System, was 7.4 and the post-operative score was 15.2; the improvement was 81.0%. In congenital spinal stenosis, the average pre-operative score was 6.3 while the post-operative score was 14.2; the improvement was 66.9%. The pre-operative score of multiple disc lesions was 7.9 and the post-operative score was 15.2; the improvement was 82.8%. And the pre-operative score of OPLL was 7.3 and the post operative score was 15.3; the improvement was 81.9%. Improvement may be due not only to the degree of enlargement of the spinal canal, but also to improvement in the circulation within the spinal cord and nerve roots. No case worsened after the surgery. PMID- 3249099 TI - [A study on senile postural deformity]. AB - One hundred and twenty-eight aged people were divided into four groups to elucidate the mechanism of senile spinal deformity: extended type, S-shaped type, flexed type and hand-on-the-lap type. Except for S-shaped type, the major cause of anterior stooping of the spine was lumbar disc degeneration. The paraspinal muscles prevent anterior stooping. In case the muscles cannot compensate the anterior stooping, the spine can be taken back straight by posterior pelvic tilting. Posterior pelvic tilting is obtained by extension of the hip joint and flexion of the knee joint. Knee flexion up to 25 or 30 degrees serves to correct this pelvic tilting, but can cause patellofemoral osteoarthritic changes. When the knee of an aged person exceeds this angle, the individual will assume hand-on the-lap posture. In aged people spinal deformity is thus compensated by the lower extremity. The spine and lower extremity should be regarded as a single musculoskeletal unit. PMID- 3249100 TI - Morphological studies on the erector spinae muscle in sixty consecutive scoliotic patients. AB - Paraspinal muscle biopsy was done on the erector spinae muscles in sixty consecutive scoliotic patients. Together with the clinical and muscle biopsy findings, these sixty patients were classified into thirty-two patients with idiopathic scoliosis, eleven patients with myopathic scoliosis, nine patients with neuropathic scoliosis, and eight patients with miscellaneous scoliosis. Of the thirty-two patients with idiopathic scoliosis, nineteen cases displayed neurogenic changes in the grouping of the Type 1 fibers and target fiber formation more common on the convex side back muscles. The myopathies consisted of central core disease, nemalin myopathy, congenital fiber type disproportion, mitochondrial myopathy, congenital muscular dystrophy, and myositis. Patients with neuropathic scoliosis all showed loss of the normal mosaic pattern and grouping of both Type 1 and 2 fibers in their muscle biopsies. This result indicates that there is a variety of neuromuscular diseases in scoliotic patients. The neurogenic changes observed more commonly on the convex side muscle of idiopathic scoliotic patients deserve further investigation. PMID- 3249101 TI - [A clinical study on acute non-traumatic myelopathies]. AB - Seventy-two cases of acute non-traumatic myelopathy in which walking became impossible within one week after the onset of paralysis were investigated. Fifty one cases (71%) consisted of mass lesions requiring surgery, such as metastatic spine tumors, hemangioma of spinal cord and hematoma within the spinal canal. Others were 6 cases of anterior spinal artery syndrome and 15 cases of undetermined diagnosis. Pain preceding paralysis or paralysis itself was the initial symptom in 64% of the spinal metastases. Severe pain followed by rapidly progressive paralysis was associated with the vascular lesions. Myelography was generally the most useful diagnostic tool of mass lesions and angiography was also useful in vascular lesions. Walking ability was recovered in 23 of 47 cases after spinal decompression. Postoperative recovery was especially marked when operation was done in the stage of incomplete paralysis. Locating the mass lesion and timely decompression were the most important approaches for handling these conditions. PMID- 3249102 TI - [An experimental study of quantitative bone mineral analysis using computed tomography with calibration phantom]. AB - The fat tissue in the bone marrow distorts the values of the mineral density obtained by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), so the precise bone mineral density must be measured by modified QCT followed by corrected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The correlation between CT-value and trabecular distribution of the bone area in the undecalcified section of the vertebral body was reviewed. As a result, Ca-content corrected by MRI showed closer approximate value to Ca content obtained by chemical analysis than to Ca-content obtained by QCT alone. Higher correlations were also obtained between bone area and bone mineral density corrected by MRI. Bone mineral density can be estimated from the QCT-value followed by corrected MRI. In trabecular distribution, bone area was greater at the posterior part of the vertebral body than at the anterior part. PMID- 3249103 TI - [Analysis of the fore-aft and lateral components of the floor reaction force in normal gait]. AB - Floor reaction force on walking was studied in normal subjects using a large force plate (80 x 400 cm). Relationships between the horizontal components of the floor reaction force and step length and width were analyzed at different walking velocities. The impulses of fore-aft force were closely correlated with step length. Especially, the impulse per unit body weight per unit duration of force in both the restrictive and propulsive period showed a high positive relationship with step length. The differences in impulse observed among the subjects were reduced upon standardization of step length with body height. The impulse of lateral force also showed a positive relationship with step length, but the correlation coefficients were lower than those for fore-aft force and step length. The influence of restraint due to the measuring system on lateral force during walking as revealed by a large force plate should be considered. PMID- 3249104 TI - [Upper extremity orthosis in various diseases]. PMID- 3249105 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of infections in the field of orthopedics--with special reference to recent trends in osteomyelitis]. PMID- 3249106 TI - [Combination chemotherapy of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) using cyclophosphamide, vindesine and prednisolone (CV'P)]. PMID- 3249107 TI - [Tumor imaging effects of perfluoroctylbromide (PFOB) emulsion]. PMID- 3249109 TI - [Evaluation of the thermographic diagnosis of breast disease--relation of thermographic findings and pathologic findings of cancer growth]. PMID- 3249108 TI - [X-ray computed tomography in the post-treatment evaluation of carcinoma of the cervix]. PMID- 3249110 TI - [Studies on the effectiveness of hyperthermia combined with arterial therapeutic blockage in the treatment of tumors. Part 1. Experimental studies on the effectiveness of hyperthermia combined with arterial ligation]. PMID- 3249111 TI - [Studies on the effectiveness of hyperthermia combined with arterial therapeutic blockage in the treatment of tumors. Part 2. Experimental studies on the effectiveness of hyperthermia combined with arterial embolization using degradable starch microspheres (DSM)]. PMID- 3249112 TI - [Studies on the effectiveness of hyperthermia combined with arterial therapeutic blockage in the treatment of tumors. Part 3. Clinical studies on the effectiveness of hyperthermia combined with arterial chemo-embolization using degradable starch microspheres (DSM)]. PMID- 3249113 TI - [Studies on the clinical significance of serum type III procollagen peptide levels as a tumor marker in patients with gynecologic tumors]. PMID- 3249114 TI - [A clinical study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus]. PMID- 3249115 TI - [Recent progress in diagnosis cancer and treatment of digestive diseases. II. Esophageal cancer and gastric cancer. 4. Detection of early cancer by panendoscopy]. PMID- 3249116 TI - [Recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases. III. Inflammatory bowel diseases. 6. Infectious diarrhea and antibiotics-associated colitis]. PMID- 3249118 TI - [Recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases. IV. Colonic cancer. 9. The diagnosis of early colonic cancer]. PMID- 3249117 TI - [Recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases. IV Colonic cancer. 8. Early detection and mass screening of colonic cancer]. PMID- 3249119 TI - [Recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases. V. Present status and problems of other treatments. 10. Psychosomatic treatment of gastrointestinal disorders]. PMID- 3249120 TI - [Recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases. V. Present status and problems of other treatments. 11. Present status and some points of issue of kampo or traditional Sino-Japanese medicine]. PMID- 3249121 TI - [Distribution of extracellular fluid volume in relation to renal hemodynamics in essential hypertension]. PMID- 3249122 TI - [Four patients with thrombocytopenia associated with Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 3249123 TI - [A case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver]. PMID- 3249124 TI - [Familial hypo-beta-lipoproteinemia associated with mental retardation and spastic paraparesis]. PMID- 3249125 TI - [A case of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 3249126 TI - [An autopsied case of rheumatoid arthritis with multiple organ failure following intractable hemorrhage from the urinary bladder due to amyloid A deposition]. PMID- 3249127 TI - [A family of pernicious anemia associated with Osler's disease]. PMID- 3249128 TI - [A case of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis recurred in adulthood with remarkably high level of serum ferritin]. PMID- 3249129 TI - [A case of systemic sarcoidosis with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 3249130 TI - The carpal tunnel syndrome: can we do better? PMID- 3249131 TI - Boutonniere deformity in Dupuytren's disease. AB - The boutonniere deformity in Dupuytren's disease has been found to be due to fibrous contraction of the transverse retinacular ligament which anteriorly displaces the fibres of the extensor apparatus. Complete ablation of this ligament and liberation of the extensor apparatus allows easy extension of the finger when operating on severe cases of Dupuytren's contracture. PMID- 3249132 TI - Phalen's test in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - The wrist flexion test of Phalen has been studied in 127 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and 20 control subjects, all of whom also had nerve conduction studies. There was a statistically significant relationship between the severity of electrical changes and the probability of a positive Phalen's test. However 34% of patients had a negative test and 20% of control subjects a positive one. PMID- 3249133 TI - Assessment of sensory nerve conduction in carpal tunnel syndrome before, during and after operation. AB - Sensory conduction velocities of the median nerve before, during and after operation were compared in nine patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and four controls, in order to evaluate the prognostic value of the pre-operative and intra-operative findings. Sensory conduction velocity was higher after operation than before in all patients (mean difference 31.33%), but not in control subjects. One patient showed a dramatic increase of 157% immediately after decompression. Comparing the intra-operative with the post-operative findings all patients but one showed an increase of antidromic sensory conduction velocity (mean 44.37%), while in control subjects again minimal changes were found (mean 4.25%). The study confirms the high diagnostic value of the pre-operative antidromic sensory conduction velocity findings. However, the prognostic value of both pre-operative and intra-operative ASCV findings is low. PMID- 3249134 TI - Prediction of outcome of decompression for carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - 45 patients (55 hands) with carpal tunnel syndrome treated surgically have been studied. Painful nocturnal paraesthesiae occurred in patients with short histories and was a good prognostic feature. Electromyography proved of value in assessing motor lesions and the degree of the process. The first sign of muscle involvement was fibrillation potential. In longer histories, an increased amount of polyphasic potentials and reduced voluntary pattern was seen. The reduced pattern is reversible in cases of short duration and the absence of muscle wasting. In cases with marked alteration and signs of chronic muscle degeneration, the prognosis for pain is good, but not so for the neurological deficit. The nerve conduction velocity improved quickly after decompression of the median nerve in accordance with the complaints of the patient. Electrophysiological methods proved their value in staging and follow-up. PMID- 3249135 TI - Surgical release of the median nerve under local anaesthesia for carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - Carpal tunnel release was performed under local anaesthesia in 124 wrists of 108 patients. The local anesthetic was injected into the carpal tunnel and into the subcutaneous tissue under the line of the skin incision. A tourniquet was used in all cases. Analgesia was complete in all but six patients. Only one patient had real difficulty in tolerating the tourniquet. In 18 cases the median nerve, when exposed at operation, showed evidence of some damage caused by the needle or by injection of local anaesthetic but, at follow-up, no symptoms or signs related to this damage were found. PMID- 3249136 TI - The possible role of vascular congestion in carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - A study of interstitial pressures within the carpal tunnel using a slit catheter found that, in some patients, an initial rise in pressure is recorded when the wrist is passively extended and this continues to rise to a plateau if the position is maintained. A rise above a critical pressure brought about by congestion would explain the clinical picture of predominantly nocturnal symptoms and no electro-physiological evidence with the wrist in a neutral (resting) position. The results also bring into doubt published results of the pressure within the carpal tunnel with the wrist flexed or extended, since the pressure can be changed at will, depending on the flexion or extension force used. PMID- 3249137 TI - Acute carpal tunnel syndrome: a case report. AB - We describe the development of acute carpal tunnel syndrome in a 53-year-old female following intensive repetitive use of the left wrist for two consecutive days. PMID- 3249138 TI - Amyloidosis as a cause of carpal tunnel syndrome in haemodialysis patients. AB - Over a five-year period (1981-1985), nine patients on haemodialysis developed carpal tunnel syndrome. Five patients, following biopsy of synovium in the carpal tunnel or biopsy of thickened epineurium of the median nerve, were found to have amyloid deposits in the soft tissues. The relationship between this condition, dialysis arthropathy and long-term haemodialysis is reviewed. In addition, in this small group of patients no relationship to the side of the fistula has been demonstrated and two patients developed recurrent problems despite initial open decompression of the carpal tunnel. PMID- 3249139 TI - Ulnar nerve compression caused by a reversed palmaris longus muscle. AB - A case of ulnar nerve compression at the wrist caused by a reversed palmaris longus muscle is reported. We are not aware of any previous reports of ulnar nerve compression due to this particular muscle anomaly. PMID- 3249140 TI - Dressings of the nailbed following nail avulsion. AB - Dressings of the raw nailbed tend to adhere and to be difficult and painful to remove. We have compared three types of dressing: polyurethane sponge, paraffin gauze and replacement of the finger-nail. Assessment of adherence and pain showed that replacement of the nail had significant advantages over the other dressings. PMID- 3249141 TI - Beau's lines following hand trauma. AB - Six cases are described of Beau's lines (transverse grooves in the fingernails) developing after injuries to the hand involving damage to nerves and flexor tendons. The literature is reviewed. PMID- 3249142 TI - Tendon excursions of the interossei and superficial hypothenar muscles: an anatomical study. PMID- 3249143 TI - Tendon interposition arthroplasty of the first carpo-metacarpal joint. AB - After removal of the trapezium, imbrication of abductor pollicis longus and fixing it with a strip of flexor carpi radialis tendon, we obtained a stable arthroplasty having three quarters of normal mobility and half to full power. Of the first 100 operated thumbs, 15 patients had slight pain on heavy use; the rest were painfree. Three patients had radial nerve lesions with minor complaints. Seven patients developed de Quervain's syndrome and two had rupture of abductor pollicis longus; these complications have since been avoided by routinely splitting the first extensor compartment. Four cases with unstable joints required further surgery, and one joint became stiff due to extra-articular conditions. PMID- 3249144 TI - Silastic replacement of the trapezium for arthrosis--a twelve year follow-up study. AB - Thirty-three patients with 39 Swanson silastic trapezium implants have been studied. Three years after operation no dislocation or evidence of implant wear was found, but re-examination at an average of 12 years after operation revealed dislocations and implant wear in about half of the cases. Cyst formation in surrounding carpal bones was found in twenty cases. The result in terms of pain relief and thumb function was good and comparable to the three-year follow-up. A significant correlation was found between weakness of the pinch grip and dislocation of the implant. No correlation was found between pain and dislocation of the implants, nor between pain and presence of intraosseous cysts. PMID- 3249145 TI - Hands up? A preliminary study on the effect of post-operative hand elevation. AB - Intra-compartmental pressures of up to 30 mmHg may be generated by compression bandaging following upper limb surgery. Compression bandaging and hand elevation are both shown to diminish skin blood-flow as measured by transcutaneous oxygen pressures. Hand elevation following post-operative compression bandaging is potentially hazardous. PMID- 3249146 TI - Anatomical basis of dorsal forearm flap. Based on posterior interosseous vessels. AB - Injection studies on 35 upper limbs with neoprene latex were carried out and the limbs carefully dissected to observe the vascular contribution of the posterior interosseous branches of the dorsal forearm, the transverse anastomosis between anterior and posterior interosseous vessels and the calibre of the vessel. The findings indicated that a fascio-cutaneous flap based on septocutaneous branches of the posterior interosseous artery can be raised as a reversed forearm flap for resurfacing after skin loss in the hand. PMID- 3249147 TI - Late rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon: the case against attrition. AB - The authors report the case of a 23-year-old man who sustained ipsilateral volar Barton's and scaphoid fractures which were complicated by a late rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon. The anatomy of the injury precluded attrition as the cause of the tendon rupture and the alternative theory of ischaemic rupture is examined. Clinicians should be aware that injuries other than the Colles' fracture may be complicated by rupture of extensor pollicis longus. PMID- 3249148 TI - The Essex-Lopresti injury: a variation. AB - The Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation consists of a radial head fracture associated with dislocation of the inferior radio-ulnar joint. We report a variation of this injury in which there was an additional fracture through the scalphoid. PMID- 3249149 TI - Scaphoid fractures treated by Herbert screw fixation. AB - Forty-one scaphoid fractures had Herbert screw fixation. There were three acutely displaced fractures (Type B), nine delayed unions (Type C), and 29 non-unions (Type D). All procedures were carried out by the senior author between December 1983 and May 1987. The average time from injury to surgery was 19 months. All Type D fractures were bone-grafted. Six of the 29 Type D fractures failed to unite radiologically following surgery. Incorrect screw placement was a factor in two cases. The average time from injury to surgery in three of the others was seven years. Radiological evidence of screw loosening was present within two months of mobilising these cases. We feel that Herbert screw fixation may not be adequate when dealing with longstanding scaphoid non-unions, and stronger fixation or prolonged cast immobilisation may be necessary. PMID- 3249150 TI - Peri-triquetral-lunate dislocation associated with ulnar nerve palsy. PMID- 3249151 TI - Classification of fresh fractures of the lunate. AB - The X-rays of 17 patients with fresh fractures of the lunate bone have been reviewed. The fractures were classified according to their radiological appearances and according to the vascular anatomy of the lunate. A long term X ray follow-up examination was performed. PMID- 3249152 TI - Kienbock's disease: two unusual cases. AB - Two unusual cases of Kienbock's disease are reported. The first is of a young woman whose presenting feature was spontaneous rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon. This is the first reported case in which such a rupture was the presenting feature of the condition. The second is of a 71-year-old woman with scleroderma and Raynaud's disease who did not develop her Kienbock's disease until late in life. The literature contains no older patient with this condition and a likely association is made between the avascular necrosis and the vasculitis associated with this connective tissue disorder. PMID- 3249153 TI - Complex dislocation of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the index finger: a comparison of the surgical approaches. AB - Complex dislocation of the index metacarpo-phalangeal joint almost always requires surgical intervention. Controversy exists as to the most suitable surgical approach to reduction: palmar or dorsal. We reviewed four cases and carried out dissections in eight cadaver hands to compare the surgical approaches. The interposed volar plate was found to be the most important obstacle to reduction. Both approaches were successful in obtaining reduction. The dorsal approach was simple and safe, but necessitated longitudinal division of the volar plate and may carry a theoretical risk of late instability. The palmar approach allows restoration of normal anatomy but the radial neurovascular bundle is always vulnerable. PMID- 3249154 TI - Locked metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb. AB - 16 patients developed locking of the M.P. joint of the thumb as the result of a hyperextension injury. Four were successfully treated by manipulation under an intra-articular injection of a local anaesthetic, while the remaining twelve required open reduction. All were examined 4 to 48 months after treatment (average 12 months). The torn palmar plate and the accessory collateral ligament, which acted as a constrictive band, were trapped on the prominence of the radial condyle of the metacarpal. Four of the twelve surgically-treated patients had a deformity which we believe was congential: a transverse groove over the radial condyle of the metacarpal. No patients had a recurrence of the locked joint. PMID- 3249155 TI - Limitation of thumb flexion due to an unusual insertion of the flexor pollicis longus. AB - A case is described in which an anomalous insertion of the flexor pollicis longus tendon into the region of the carpal tunnel caused limited active flexion of the thumb in a child. This is the first reported case of this anomaly in which an apparent familial relationship has been noted, and the first reported case in the Caucasian race. Two similar cases in Japanese have been described. Abnormal insertion of a portion of the flexor pollicis longus must be included in the differential diagnosis of inadequate thumb flexion. PMID- 3249156 TI - Bone infarction as a cause of painful fingers in a child. AB - An unusual case of painful fingers in a two-year-old child is described. The possible aetiolgy is discussed. The condition normally runs a self-limiting course. PMID- 3249158 TI - Upper limb pain. PMID- 3249157 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst in the metacarpal of a child: a case report. AB - An unusual case of aneurysmal bone cyst in the metacarpal of a five-year-old girl is described. The lesion was initially diagnosed and treated as a simple bone cyst. Subsequently the affected metacarpal was excised and replaced by an autogenous fibular graft, with good results. A discussion of the pathogenesis of the lesion is given, with a review of the literature. PMID- 3249160 TI - Mallet finger. PMID- 3249159 TI - Some aspects of lumbrical function. PMID- 3249161 TI - Gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin pharmacokinetics in plasma and pleural fluid. PMID- 3249162 TI - Occipital lobe infarction following descending transtentorial herniation. PMID- 3249163 TI - The beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngeal carriers in school children. PMID- 3249164 TI - Gardner's syndrome: a case and family report. PMID- 3249166 TI - Pemphigus erythematosus: a report of five cases with review of literature. PMID- 3249165 TI - Spinal epidural hemangioma: a case report. PMID- 3249167 TI - Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: a second reported case in Thailand. PMID- 3249168 TI - Mansonella infecting man in Thailand. PMID- 3249169 TI - KAP study on sex, reproduction and contraception in Thai teenagers. PMID- 3249172 TI - Common arthritis in practice. PMID- 3249170 TI - Autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with non-toxic goiter. PMID- 3249171 TI - Maternal comprehension of growth charts in northeast Thailand. PMID- 3249173 TI - Bacteriology of infected eczema. PMID- 3249174 TI - Incidence and significance of pericardial effusion in acute myocardial infarction as determined by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 3249175 TI - Vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 binding proteins in amniotic fluid. PMID- 3249176 TI - Acute suppurative thyroiditis in children. PMID- 3249177 TI - Neonatal paraquat poisoning: a case report. PMID- 3249178 TI - The incidence of amphetamine use among truck drivers from various regions of Thailand. PMID- 3249179 TI - Histopathology and microbiological study of cobra bite wounds. PMID- 3249180 TI - The histological and ultrastructural studies of the duodenal mucosa of Thai people. PMID- 3249181 TI - Relationship of various clinical indices to peak expiratory flow rate in assessing the severity of airway obstruction in acute bronchial asthma. PMID- 3249182 TI - Clinical features of tuberculous arthritis. PMID- 3249184 TI - The histological and ultrastructural studies of the duodenal mucosa in a case of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 3249183 TI - Assessment of portable reflectance photometers and reagent strips in estimating plasma glucose level. PMID- 3249185 TI - Mucin-producing microcystic meningioma: a case report with histochemical and ultrastructural findings. PMID- 3249186 TI - Intestinal lymphangiectasia in intraabdominal tuberculosis. PMID- 3249187 TI - Intrasellar meningioma after radiotherapy for prolactinoma. PMID- 3249188 TI - The properties of endodontic sealer cements. PMID- 3249189 TI - Irrigation patterns of ultrasonic endodontic files. Part II. Diamond-coated files. PMID- 3249190 TI - In vitro evaluation of biocompatibility and marginal adaptation of root retrofilling materials. PMID- 3249191 TI - Terminal end of the odontoblast process. PMID- 3249192 TI - Residual chloroform and plasticity in customized gutta-percha master cones. PMID- 3249193 TI - A comparison of diamond and tungsten carbide burs for preparing endodontic access cavities through crowns. PMID- 3249194 TI - The effect of ultrasonic endodontics on the temperature of the root canal wall. PMID- 3249195 TI - Endodontic fear survey. PMID- 3249196 TI - The prognosis for endodontic treatment of obliterated root canals. PMID- 3249197 TI - Abnormal blood pressure responses to treadmill exercise: its clinical implication. PMID- 3249199 TI - Clinical experience of Bentall's operation. PMID- 3249198 TI - Reflex heart rate response in normal Chinese adults: its relationship to age. PMID- 3249200 TI - Correction of kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis using multiple spinal osteotomy and Zielke's VDS instruments. PMID- 3249201 TI - Adjuvant arthritis in the Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats: a comparative study. PMID- 3249202 TI - Long-term bone marrow culture and the in vitro hematopoietic microenvironment. The optimal conditions for hematopoiesis in long-term bone marrow culture. PMID- 3249203 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of pleural effusion with special reference to pH. PMID- 3249204 TI - Serum and hair zinc concentration in juvenile obesity. PMID- 3249205 TI - [Ovulation detection using the urine LH test]. PMID- 3249207 TI - Sleep apnea. OSA mechanisms. PMID- 3249206 TI - Endometrial stromatosis of the uterus: report of 4 cases. PMID- 3249208 TI - Attitudes about AIDS. PMID- 3249209 TI - AIDS initiative. PMID- 3249211 TI - Olympics spur fear of AIDS. PMID- 3249210 TI - AIDS projection on the rise. PMID- 3249212 TI - Terror. PMID- 3249214 TI - Static and kinematic MR imaging. PMID- 3249213 TI - An expanding technology. PMID- 3249215 TI - Imaging: a series of choices. PMID- 3249217 TI - Choosing an MRI facility. PMID- 3249216 TI - A new perspective. PMID- 3249219 TI - AIDS update. PMID- 3249218 TI - TMJ arthroscopy and MR imaging. PMID- 3249220 TI - Feedforward inhibition of the rat entorhinal cortex and subicular complex. AB - We used in vivo intracellular recording techniques in order to provide evidence about the source of postsynaptic inhibition in the rat entorhinal cortex and subicular complex. Several different structures in the basal forebrain and hippocampus were electrically stimulated in order to activate inhibition by different pathways. This allowed a test of 2 different neuronal circuit models: feedback inhibition, in which recurrent collaterals from principal cell axons excite a local population of inhibitory neurons, and feedforward inhibition, in which excitatory afferents activate the inhibitory neurons. In both models, inhibitory cell axons branch and contribute to the inhibition of a population of principal cells. In the feedback model, a good correlation between antidromic and inhibitory response latencies is predicted. The feedforward model predicts independent antidromic and inhibitory response latencies. In one particular model of feedforward inhibition, afferents excite both local inhibitory cells and principal cells. This model predicts a high correlation between principal cell EPSP and IPSP latencies. The results showed no consistent relationship between the presence of antidromic action potentials and the presence of inhibition in response to stimulation of different sites. In addition, there was no correlation between antidromic and inhibitory response latencies. These results provide no clear support for the feedback model of inhibition. By contrast, there was a highly significant correlation between the latency of principal cell EPSPs and IPSPs, in support of a feedforward model of inhibition. Response latencies of candidate inhibitory neurons were also consistent with the feedforward model. The results provide evidence that an excitatory relay function of the entorhinal cortex and subicular complex is modified temporally by local, extrinsically activated inhibitory circuits. PMID- 3249221 TI - Stable and metastable cytoskeletal polymers carried by slow axonal transport. AB - The proteins carried by the slow axonal transport in the rat sciatic motor axons were radiolabeled by injecting 35S-methionine into the spinal cord, and the distribution of their solubility through the 2 main components of slow transport (SCa and SCb) was considered. For this purpose, a cytoskeleton-stabilizing buffer was designed in which a pellet enriched in macromolecular and polymeric structures was separated from the solubilized proteins. The monomer/polymer ratios for tubulin were quantified in the 2 rate components. Our results indicate that 90% of the total tubulin was carried with SCa. Of this, 75% was in a polymeric state, versus only 50% of the tubulin carried with SCb. The monomeric tubulin recovered in the soluble fraction was concomitantly transported with the polymerized microtubules, suggesting that it might represent metastable regions of these microtubules. The insoluble and soluble fractions of the transported actin were measured. Actin was mostly (70%) transported with SCb. Of this, more than 80% was recovered in the soluble fraction, but we cannot say whether it was in a monomeric or polymeric state, nor if it was transported free or bound to a structure solubilized during fractionation. The other 30% of the actin, most of it transported with SCa, was recovered in the polymer-enriched fraction, probably bound to a stabilized polymer, such as the microtubules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249222 TI - Habituation in Stentor: a response-dependent process. AB - The contractile protozoan Stentor coeruleus habituates during repetition of the mechanical stimulus used to elicit the initial contractions. This decrement in response probability was found to be highly correlated with a reduction in receptor potential amplitude, while the amplitude of the action potentials that triggered the contractions did not change. When mechanical stimulation elicited receptor potentials and not action potentials, the receptor potential did not habituate significantly. Conversely, action potentials repetitively elicited by current pulses habituated animals to mechanical stimuli. Similarly, voltage steps used to simulate action potentials produced pronounced decrements in receptor currents recorded from voltage-clamped cells, while mechanical stimulation produced only small decrements. Thus, habituation depends primarily on action potential production, while mechanical stimulation itself makes a much smaller, but significant, contribution. The temporal relation between mechanical stimuli and action potentials, when both occur, is inconsequential in determining the rate and degree of habituation produced. PMID- 3249223 TI - Habituation in Stentor: produced by mechanoreceptor channel modification. AB - Habituation in Stentor was shown in the previous paper (Wood, 1988) to result from a progressive diminution in mechanoreceptor potential amplitude during the course of repetitive mechanical stimulation. The source of this diminution was analyzed in the present studies by eliciting mechanoreceptor currents from control and habituated cells under voltage clamp control. The I-V plots obtained have a voltage-dependent region between -60 and -20 mV, and a linear voltage independent region between -20 and 20 mV, with a reversal potential near 20 mV. The slope of the linear region did not change as a result of habituation indicating that the maximum mechanoreceptor current, and hence the total number of mechanoreceptor channels, was the same in control and habituated cells. The mechanoreceptor current reversal potential was changed by only a few millivolts, from 21.6 to 17.2 mV, leaving the driving force term for the mechanoreceptor current at resting potential relatively unchanged. On the other hand, the voltage dependent region of the I-V plot became significantly steeper after habituation (9.6 mV/e-fold change) compared to its value before habituation (12.3 mV/e-fold change). This shift in voltage dependence is sufficient to explain the diminution in receptor potential amplitude seen during normal recordings at resting potential. The importance of the voltage-dependent characteristic of the mechanoreceptor channels to the habituation process was corroborated by the observation that the amplitude of receptor potentials elicited from cells depolarized by current pulses habituated to only a very limited degree while receptor potentials elicited at resting potential underwent marked habituation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249224 TI - Modulation of cone horizontal cell activity in the teleost fish retina. I. Effects of prolonged darkness and background illumination on light responsiveness. AB - The effects of prolonged (greater than 2 hr) darkness and background illumination on the light responsiveness of cone horizontal cells were examined in isolated, superfused white perch retinas. In retinas from fish maintained in complete darkness for more than 2 hr, cone horizontal cells had a resting membrane potential of about -18 mV, and they generated only slow, low-amplitude (3-4 mV) responses even when stimulated with bright flashes. Following the presentation of dim background light, the cone horizontal cells slowly hyperpolarized and thereafter remained at a more hyperpolarized level (about -25 mV). Concurrently, their light responses were dramatically enhanced in size, and response amplitudes to bright flashes eventually increased to about 50 mV. This was accompanied by noticeable changes in response waveforms; following light exposure, the responses became faster and showed initial on-transients. The increase in cone horizontal cell responsiveness was graded with intensity of the background light. A similar enhancement in response amplitudes of cone horizontal cells occurred after presenting bright flashes repetitively at intervals of 9 sec. This background sensitization phenomenon was observed in both L- and C-type cone horizontal cells. When light-sensitized isolated retinas were maintained in darkness for long periods (greater than 30 min), the light responsiveness of cone horizontal cells gradually decreased. The changes in membrane potential and response waveform were opposite to those that occurred when prolonged dark-adapted retinas were exposed to background lights; the cells depolarized by 5-7 mV and light evoked responses became slower. Effects of background illumination on rod-driven horizontal cells were examined as well. Rod horizontal cells were about 2 log units more sensitive to white light than were cone horizontal cells. When recorded in prolonged dark-adapted retinas, rod horizontal cells showed large responses (approximately 50 mV), which could not be further enhanced by background illumination. Cone horizontal cell responsiveness in the carp retina was also depressed by prolonged darkness and increased by illumination in a fashion similar to that observed in the white perch retina. The change in response amplitude was only about 2-fold in carp compared with 5- to 10-fold changes observed in white perch. These results indicate that the light responsiveness of cone horizontal cells in the teleost retina is suppressed in prolonged darkness and that background lights release the cells from suppression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3249225 TI - Modulation of cone horizontal cell activity in the teleost fish retina. III. Effects of prolonged darkness and dopamine on electrical coupling between horizontal cells. AB - The effects of prolonged darkness and dopamine on the coupling between horizontal cells in the isolated, superfused white perch retina were studied. Two assays of coupling were employed; area versus amplitude relationships (area-response curves) and the diffusion of the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow from intracellularly injected cells to neighboring cells. In prolonged dark-adapted retinas, area-response curves were difficult to determine because of the small light responses; however, light-evoked responses did not increase in size when light spots were larger than 0.8 mm in diameter. Following the presentation of dim background illumination that partially sensitized the retina, responses to light spots of various sizes were enhanced and an area-response curve could be constructed. Subsequent presentation of moderate background illumination that more fully sensitized the retina resulted in reduced responses to small spots (less than 1.6 mm in diameter) and enhanced responses to large spot or full-field stimuli. In retinas exposed to moderate background illumination, Lucifer yellow injected intracellularly into cone horizontal cells diffused into many neighboring horizontal cells. The coupled cells were very similar in morphology, suggesting they were of the same type. In prolonged dark-adapted retinas, on the other hand, the dye was usually restricted to the injected cell and a few adjacent cells. These results indicate that coupling between cone horizontal cells is modulated by prolonged darkness and background illumination. Following dopamine (50 microM) application, in both 6-OHDA-treated and untreated retinas, changes in area-response curves of cone horizontal cells were observed just opposite to those that occurred when prolonged dark-adapted retinas were exposed to background illumination. That is, following 5 min application of dopamine to the retina, responses to small spots (less than 2 mm in diameter) increased in size while responses to larger spots decreased in amplitude compared with control responses. Following 20 min of superfusion with dopamine, the recorded responses were very small, and an accurate area-response curve could not be determined. Following dopamine application to light-sensitized retinas, Lucifer yellow was restricted to the injected cells or to the injected cell and a few neighboring cells. The results suggest that the modulation of coupling between cone horizontal cells by prolonged darkness and background illumination may be mediated by dopamine. Spatial properties of rod horizontal cells were also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3249226 TI - Nonregenerative axonal growth within the mature mammalian brain: ultrastructural identification of sympathohippocampal sprouts. AB - Damage to septohippocampal neurons in the adult rat results in sprouting of sympathetic axons into the denervated hippocampal formation. However, the distribution of sympathohippocampal fibers has only been assessed with light microscopic techniques, and it is not known if the sprouted fibers leave the blood vessels, along which they migrate into the hippocampal formation, to enter the hippocampal neuropil and, if they do, whether they form synaptic contacts with central neurons. Using the tetramethylbenzidine technique to visualize anterogradely transported wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate, we identified sprouted sympathetic fibers in the hippocampal formation at both the light and electron microscopic level in albino rats receiving medial septal lesions. The majority of labeled fibers were observed within the regions immediately above and below the granule cell layer. Although most of the labeled sprouts were observed in association with intraparenchymal blood vessels, where they were usually apposed to the basal lamina, approximately a third of the labeled profiles were present within the neuropil with no obvious vascular relationships. Most of the profiles were identified as unmyelinated axons or vesicle-filled varicosities. Many of the latter structures contained small dense cored vesicles, but in our sample none of the labeled profiles were observed to form membrane specializations with adjacent structures, and many were partly surrounded by presumed astrocytic processes. These results document the invasion of the CNS by sprouting axons of peripheral origin indicating that axonal elongation from uninjured neurons can occur within the mature mammalian CNS under certain circumstances. In addition, the presence of significant numbers of sympathetic fibers within the hippocampal neuropil indicates that they may be in a strategic position to influence hippocampal function. PMID- 3249228 TI - Quantitative autoradiographic measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization in freely moving rats during postnatal development. AB - The quantitative 2-14C-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method of Sokoloff et al. (1977) was used to measure local cerebral glucose utilization in freely moving developing rats. The animals were studied at 10, 14, 17, 21, and 35 d and at the adult stage. Glucose utilization was very low and quite uniform in 10- and 14-d old rats, ranging from 20 to 30 mumol/100 gm/min, except in a few posterior areas. Between these 2 stages, rates of glucose utilization significantly increased in 6 areas, among which 4 were belonging to the auditory system. Between 14 and 17 d, glucose utilization significantly changed in 9 structures out of the 68 studied, mainly auditory, visual, parietal, and thalamic areas. Between the stages of 17 and 21 d, glucose utilization was increased by 50 or 100% in all brain structures studied, except in the medial habenula and white matter areas. After weaning time, rates of glucose utilization still significantly changed in 50 areas, widely distributed through all studied systems. Between 35 d and the adult stage, the average rate of glucose utilization did not change and rates of energy metabolism significantly increased in 13 brain areas. In one structure, the medial habenula, glucose utilization was already high 10 d after birth and did not change over the whole studied period. These increases in the rates of glucose utilization are consistent with the behavioral, anatomical, and functional changes known to occur during this period of development in the rat. PMID- 3249227 TI - The ON-alpha ganglion cell of the cat retina and its presynaptic cell types. AB - Anatomical circuits converging onto the ON-alpha (Y) ganglion cell were studied by computer-assisted reconstruction of substantial portions of 2 alpha cells from electron micrographs of serial sections. The alpha cells in the area centralis were labeled by a Golgi-like retrograde filling with horseradish peroxidase, and certain presynaptic amacrine processes were labeled by uptake of 3H-glycine. About 4400 synapses contacted the alpha cell. Eighty-six percent were from amacrine cells; the rest were from bipolar cells. About one-quarter of the amacrine synapses were specifically labeled by 3H-glycine and probably belong to the A4 amacrine. The bipolar inputs were provided by several types: cone bipolar CBb1 (85%), cone bipolar CBb5 (2%), the rod bipolar (5%), and some unidentified cone bipolars (11%). Contacts from each type occurred in specific strata, with the consequence that they tended to form spots or annulli over the alpha dendritic field. The CBb1 bipolars formed a moderately dense array (8000/mm2), with a nearest-neighbor distance of 8.6 +/- 1.3 microns. Most members of the array (84%) contacted the alpha cell, providing 1-7 synapses (average, 2.7 +/- 1.6). The placement of contacts from an individual CBb1 followed certain rules: they were restricted to a parent branch of the alpha arbor or to 2 daughter branches, but almost never crossed a branch of the alpha arbor. The synaptic territory of an individual CBb1 was not shared with other b1s (or cone bipolars of any sort), although it was shared with amacrine contacts. Rod bipolar cells also formed a very dense array (54,500/mm2) in the alpha dendritic field, but only a few of these (3%) contacted the alpha cell. The concentric receptive field of the CBb1, combined with the spatial organization of its array, is used to predict the CBb1 contribution to the alpha cell receptive field; this contribution resembles the spatial and temporal organization of the alpha receptive field itself. PMID- 3249229 TI - Adenosine uptake sites in brain: regional distribution of putative subtypes in relationship to adenosine A1-receptors. AB - Adenosine uptake sites have been characterized and localized in guinea pig and pointer dog brain by in vitro autoradiography, using as probes 3H nitrobenzylthioinosine (3H-NBI) and the recently available 3H-dipyridamole (3H DPR). In guinea pig brain and, to a lesser extent, in pointer dog brain, 3H-DPR was found to label more high-affinity binding sites than 3H-NBI and NBI inhibited 3H-DPR binding having pseudo-Hill coefficients smaller than 0.5. 3H-DPR and 3H NBI labeled brain structures with different intensities in guinea pig brain, as was revealed by quantitative analysis. While the intensity of 3H-DPR binding varied about 4-fold in neuron-containing structures, 8-fold differences were observed for 3H-NBI binding with phylo- and ontogenetically older brain areas such as hypothalamus and various brain stem structures showing relatively higher densities. These findings raise the interesting possibility of adenosine uptake site heterogeneity (NBI-sensitive and insensitive) in guinea pig brain, complementing the well-established adenosine receptor heterogeneity (A1 and A2). As adenosine's neurodepressant effects are believed to be mainly mediated by adenosine A1-receptors, these were localized using 3H-cyclohexyl-adenosine (3H CHA) as a ligand probe. In guinea pig brain, the highest receptor densities were seen in hippocampus and claustrum, while only relatively low levels were found in hypothalamus and various brain stem structures. As was previously described for rat brain, major discrepancies in the regional distribution of adenosine A1 receptors and adenosine uptake sites, as labeled by 3H-NBI, were seen in guinea pig brain. These discrepancies were only partly abolished (e.g., in cerebellum) by the use of 3H-DPR as an additional ligand probe for adenosine uptake sites. Adenosine uptake site heterogeneity, therefore, probably does not explain the previously described discrepancies in rodent brain between the distribution of adenosine A1-receptors and uptake sites. Because of the low affinity of 3H-DPR for adenosine uptake sites in rat and mouse brain, these species could not be investigated with this new radioligand probe. In pointer dog brain, as compared to guinea pig brain, a more similar distribution pattern of adenosine A1 receptors and adenosine uptake sites in the brain structures investigated (e.g., hippocampus) could be observed. The situation in guinea pig brain can, therefore, not be universalized to other species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3249230 TI - Molecular evidence for early activity-dependent development of hamster motor neurons. AB - Monoclonal antibody Cat-301 recognizes a surface antigen on subsets of neurons in many areas of the mammalian CNS, including Y-cells in the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and spinal motor neurons in several species. We have shown previously that the Cat-301 antigen is expressed relatively late in postnatal development, with a time course that matches that of late developmental features of both LGN and spinal cord neurons. The developmental time course of the expression of the Cat-301 antigen in the LGN correlates with the period during which visual deprivation can alter LGN Y-cells. Neonatal visual deprivation (by monocular lid suture or dark rearing) suppresses Cat-301 expression on Y-cells, while deprivation in adult animals has no effect on antigen expression. These results suggested that the onset of Cat-301 immunoreactivity provides a positive molecular marker for the end of a critical period in cat visual system development. To determine if Cat-301 might be a general marker for experience-dependent development in other areas of the CNS we have examined antigen expression on hamster spinal cord motor neurons. Here, we report that Cat-301 immunoreactivity develops on hamster motor neurons between postnatal days 7 and 14. Altering neuromuscular activity by sciatic nerve crush or thoracic hemicordotomy inhibits Cat-301 expression on motor neurons if performed before the onset of Cat-301 immunoreactivity. Other motor neuron antigens are unaffected by this procedure. In adult animals, nerve crush or cordotomy has no effect on Cat-301 immunoreactivity, demonstrating that Cat-301 expression is not simply dependent on ongoing neural activity. These observations suggest that motor neurons, like LGN neurons, require some pattern of neuronal activity during a critical period in development and, further, that the phenotypic changes in neurons consequent to early activity are reflected by the expression of specific molecules. The identification and characterization of such molecules may yield a description of the molecular mechanisms of experience dependent development. PMID- 3249231 TI - Microtubule polarity and distribution in teleost photoreceptors. AB - We have characterized the polarity orientation of microtubules in teleost retinal photoreceptors. The highly polarized rods and cones contain large numbers of paraxially aligned microtubules and exhibit dramatic cell shape changes. The myoid portion of the inner segments of both rods and cones undergoes contraction and elongation in response to light or circadian signals. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that in cones but not rods myoid elongation is microtubule-dependent. To determine polarity orientation, we decorated microtubules in photoreceptors of the green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, with hooks formed from either exogenous or endogenous tubulin subunits. The direction of curvature of the attached hooks in cross section indicates microtubule polarity orientation by allowing one to determine the relative positions within the cell of the plus (fast-growing) and minus (slow-growing) ends of the microtubules. We found that virtually all cytoplasmic microtubules in photoreceptors are oriented with plus ends directed toward the synapse and minus ends toward the basal body at the base of the outer segment. Axonemal microtubules in photoreceptor outer segments are oriented with minus ends toward the basal body as in cilia and flagella. We have suggested previously that cone myoid elongation is mediated by mechanochemical sliding between microtubules. The polarity observations reported here indicate that if microtubules do slide in cones, sliding would necessarily occur between microtubules of parallel orientation as is observed in cilia and flagella. PMID- 3249232 TI - Nerve growth factors (NGF, BDNF) enhance axonal regeneration but are not required for survival of adult sensory neurons. AB - Largely on the basis of studies with nerve growth factor (NGF), it is now widely accepted that development of the peripheral nervous system of vertebrates is dependent in part on the interaction of immature sensory and autonomic neurons with specific survival factors that are derived from peripheral target fields. I have found, in marked contrast to an absolute requirement for NGF during development, that adult rat dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons are not dependent on NGF or other survival factors for long-term (3-4 weeks) maintenance in vitro. When dissociated and enriched, at least 70-80% of adult DRG neurons survived and extended long processes either in the absence of exogenously added NGF or upon the removal of any possible source of endogenous NGF or other neurotrophic activity (i.e., nonneuronal cells, in chemically defined culture medium, in the presence of an excess of anti-NGF antibodies, or when cultured as single neurons in microwells). Although not required for survival or expression of a range of complex morphologies, both NGF and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were found to stimulate the regeneration of axons from adult DRG neurons. PMID- 3249233 TI - Non-neuronal cell-conditioned medium regulates muscarinic receptor expression in cultured sympathetic neurons. AB - Regulation of muscarinic receptor expression was examined in cultured sympathetic neurons of the neonatal rat superior cervical ganglion. Receptor concentration was determined by measuring binding of the muscarinic antagonist 1 quinuclidinyl[phenyl-4-3H] benzilate (3H-QNB). 3H-QNB bound to one apparent class of noninteracting sites on sympathetic neuron membranes with a Kd of 28.9 pM and a Bmax of 2.91 pmol/mg protein. Binding increased as a linear function of tissue protein and was saturable. The number of receptors per milligram protein increased approximately 6-fold during 16 d of culture, and receptor numbers were down-regulated by treatment with the agonist carbachol. These observations suggested that measurement of 3H-QNB binding would provide a reliable estimate of muscarinic receptor number on cultured sympathetic neurons. To determine whether nonneuronal cells produce soluble factors that influence muscarinic receptor expression, the effects of treatment with rat fibroblast-conditioned medium (RFCM) were examined. Exposure of sympathetic neurons to 50% RFCM resulted in a 57% decrease in muscarinic receptor numbers without a change in the apparent Kd. The decrease in 3H-QNB binding in response to RFCM was dose-related, with a minimum dose of 15% RFCM required to observe a significant effect. In contrast to the carbachol-induced down-regulation, the reduction in binding after RFCM treatment was not prevented by atropine, indicating that the effect was not mediated by acetylcholine stimulation of muscarinic receptors. Binding of 125I alpha-bungarotoxin, which labels a nonfunctional membrane site distinct from nicotinic receptors, was not altered by treatment with RFCM, indicating the selectivity of the change in membrane muscarinic receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249234 TI - Electrophysiology and dye-coupling are sexually dimorphic characteristics of individual laryngeal muscle fibers in Xenopus laevis. AB - Sex differences at the laryngeal neuromuscular junction of Xenopus laevis were examined by recording intracellularly from muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation. Male laryngeal muscle contains 2 physiologically distinct fiber types. Type I fibers generate postsynaptic potentials in response to low magnitude stimulus pulses and action potentials in response to higher-magnitude stimulus pulses. Type II muscle fibers require repetitive stimulation for action potential production, probably because of facilitation. Subthreshold events in type I and II fibers suggest that these neuromuscular synapses have low safety factor junctions. Female laryngeal muscle contains one fiber type (III), which is physiologically distinct from those found in the male. Type III fibers produce an action potential in response to a single-stimulus pulse of suprathreshold voltage delivered to the laryngeal nerve; subthreshold events were not observed. Iontophoretic injection of Lucifer yellow into a single female muscle fiber resulted in as many as 43 labeled fibers. In males, only one fiber was labeled. Dye-coupling was not observed in adult females treated with the androgenic steroid hormone, testosterone. We have previously reported that laryngeal muscle fibers are recruited throughout a stimulus train presented to the laryngeal nerve in males, but are not recruited in females (Tobias and Kelly, 1987). Sex differences in the frequency of electrophysiological fiber types described here may account for sex differences in fiber recruitment. Synchronous activity of dye coupled fibers may increase the effectiveness of muscle contraction in females. PMID- 3249235 TI - The effect of down regulation of protein kinase C on the inhibitory modulation of dorsal root ganglion neuron Ca2+ currents by neuropeptide Y. AB - Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultured from neonatal rats contained high concentrations of protein kinase C (PKC). Normally, the majority of the enzyme activity was found in the cytosol and considerably less was associated with the membrane fraction. Upon incubation with the phorbol ester phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu, 10(-6) M) for 20 min, PKC activity increased in the membrane-associated fraction and decreased in the cytoplasmic fraction. Longer incubations with phorbol ester also induced a decline in membrane-associated PKC activity. If incubations were continued for periods of over 10 hr, both membrane and cytosolic PKC activity declined essentially to zero. Down-regulation of PKC had no effect on the number or affinity of 125I-neuropeptide Y (NPY) binding sites on DRG cells or on the absolute magnitude of the DRG Ca2+ current. However, the ability of NPY to inhibit the DRG Ca2+ current was greatly reduced. When sustained Ca2+ currents were evoked from depolarized holding potentials (-40 mV), all concentrations of NPY (10(-10)-10(-7) M) were less effective. In contrast, higher concentrations of NPY still blocked the transient portion of the DRG Ca2+ current evoked from hyperpolarized holding potentials. These results support the suggestion that PKC is involved in the inhibitory modulation of DRG Ca2+ currents by neurotransmitters. The precise role of PKC may vary depending on the type of Ca2+ channel involved. PMID- 3249236 TI - Morphological basis of short-term habituation in Aplysia. AB - We have explored the morphological basis of the synaptic depression that underlies short-term habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia by examining the fine structure of the presynaptic terminals of identified sensory neurons--a critical site of plasticity for the biochemical and biophysical changes that underlie this elementary form of learning. The structure of sensory neuron synapses from control (unstimulated) cells was compared with that of sensory neuron synapses from cells in which synaptic transmission had been depressed by repeated activation. We focused our analysis, as we had in an earlier study of long-term memory (Bailey and Chen, 1983), on the morphology of active zones at sensory neuron synapses. We found that both the incidence and size of serially reconstructed active zones were not changed in cells exposed to short-term habituation. This contrasts sharply with the reduction in both the frequency and surface area of sensory neuron active zones that accompanies long term habituation, and suggests that modulation of active zone number and size may be an anatomical correlate that lies in the long-term domain. A quantitative analysis of the relationship between the active zone and nearby vesicle populations revealed a possible morphological substrate for the homosynaptic depression that underlies short-term habituation. Habituation leads to a depletion of synaptic vesicles immediately adjacent to the active zone. The ratio of this readily releasable pool of vesicles to the total population of vesicles associated with the active zone is 28% for control terminals, but only 11.5% for habituated terminals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249237 TI - Electrical tuning in hair cells isolated from the chick cochlea. AB - Tall (inner) hair cells were isolated from specific locations in the chick cochlea. The electrical membrane properties of these cells were recorded using the tight-seal whole-cell technique. Depolarizing current steps elicited damped voltage oscillations that ranged in frequency from 100 to 250 Hz among cells from the middle third of the cochlea (basal cells). The current-voltage relation obtained under voltage clamp was dominated by calcium-activated potassium current in the voltage range over which these oscillations occurred. Tall hair cells isolated from the apical tip of the cochlea (apical cells) exhibited action potentials and lower frequency voltage oscillations (5-14 Hz) during depolarizing current steps. Outward currents in these cells were 20-fold slower than those found in the basal cells. These results suggest that electrical tuning of hair cells may play a role in determining the frequency selectivity of the chick cochlea. PMID- 3249238 TI - Selective effects of hyperprolactinemia on in vitro dopamine release from median eminence synaptosomes. AB - Prolactin is thought to exert an autoregulatory, negative feedback effect on its own secretion via stimulation of the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons. To investigate possible mechanisms involved in this feedback, the effects of experimentally induced hyperprolactinemia on the release of 3H dopamine (3H-DA) were studied in nerve terminals (synaptosomes) isolated from rat median eminence (ME), the TIDA neuronal projection field. Synaptosomes were prepared from adult male rats treated with ovine prolactin (oPRL) or the vehicle for 48 hr. Synaptosomes were incubated in 0.1 microM 3H-DA at 30 degrees C until steady-state conditions were achieved, and then release of the preaccumulated transmitter was measured over 1-20 sec time intervals under basal and depolarizing conditions. Release of 3H-DA elicited by depolarization of the terminals was significantly greater in ME synaptosomes prepared from oPRL-treated animals as compared with preparations from controls. This effect of the hyperprolactinemia appeared to be specific to the TIDA neurons since oPRL treatment did not result in increased evoked release of 3H-DA from terminals prepared from the mesolimbic, tuberohypophyseal, or nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Basal efflux in all preparations was not changed from controls. The increased evoked release in oPRL-treated ME occurred when depolarization was induced either with high external [KCl] or veratridine. The enhanced 3H-DA efflux was evident during depolarization over a wide range of external calcium concentrations (0.01-3.0 mM), in the presence of 20 nM Ni2+ to block Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated channels, or when all external Ca2+ had been chelated, indicating that this effect of oPRL involves DA released through a mechanism independent of external calcium. PMID- 3249239 TI - Monocularly deprived cats: binocular tests of cortical cells reveal functional connections from the deprived eye. AB - Animals that are deprived of vision in one eye during a vulnerable phase of development lose visual function of the eye. Although this phenomenon has been studied extensively, little is known about the mechanism of disconnection of the deprived eye from visual cortex. One fundamental question is whether input remains from that eye. We have examined the hypothesis that there is functional input from a deprived eye to visual cortex that cannot be observed with standard alternate tests of each eye. We have employed a robust visual stimulation procedure in which large sinusoidal gratings are presented to each eye, as well as to both eyes together, at varying relative phases or retinal disparities. Monocular and binocular stimulation was used to test kittens unilaterally deprived for brief, intermediate, or long periods. A fourth group of kittens was studied as normal controls. Standard methods were used to record from single cells in the striate cortex. After initial qualitative exploration of receptive fields, all testing and analysis were quantitative. As expected, monocular tests revealed that, for most cells, the deprived eye was ineffective, i.e., did not activate the unit. This effect was increasingly pronounced as the length of deprivation was increased. However, binocular tests revealed that a large fraction of these cells (30-40%) was clearly influenced by and therefore functionally connected to the deprived eye. This interaction was phase-selective, or suppressive and not selective for phase. There was no indication that the connections that remained were of a specific type, i.e., excitatory or inhibitory. Therefore, excitation and inhibition appear equally resistant to the effects of monocular deprivation. However, with long-term deprivation, we find minimal evidence of functional input from the deprived eye. We conclude that the effects of monocular deprivation occur over a considerably longer time period than was previously thought. PMID- 3249240 TI - Binocularly deprived cats: binocular tests of cortical cells show regular patterns of interaction. AB - If an animal is prevented from receiving visual experience during an early developmental phase, pronounced dysfunctions are observed. Physiological tests reveal gross abnormalities in the striate cortex. Cells in visual cortex are either unresponsive of their response characteristics are erratic. Although fewer than normal numbers of binocular cells are found in cats reared with binocular lid suture, a population remains that can be activated by stimulation through either eye. We have studied cortical cells in binocularly deprived cats in order to specify monocular and binocular response characteristics. The primary hypothesis we have examined is that the abnormal response properties of these cells are a result of an irregular structure or substructure of the receptive fields. Kittens were binocularly lid-sutured soon after birth, and were studied physiologically at ages between 7 and 11 months. Standard techniques were used to record from single cells in striate cortex. Drifting gratings were presented to either eye or to both eyes together. In the latter case, the relative interocular phase was varied between the gratings so that the retinal disparity of the stimuli was changed. We confirmed the expected finding that most cells were either unresponsive or erratic in their response. Of the cells that responded, monocular tuning functions for orientation and spatial frequency of the stimulus were often irregular. However, even in these cases, binocular interaction patterns of cortical responses were nearly always highly regular and displayed phase-specific profiles. A model is presented that explains this finding and suggests how binocular deprivation may result in disorganized receptive-field structure. PMID- 3249241 TI - The development of sensorimotor synaptic connections in the lumbosacral cord of the chick embryo. AB - We have examined the development of synaptic connections between afferents and motoneurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the chick embryo between stages 28 and 39. The central projection of afferents was visualized following injection of dorsal root ganglia with HRP. Afferent fibers first entered the dorsal gray matter between stages 29 and 31. They grew in a ventrolateral direction, reaching motoneuron dendrites by stage 32. Quantitative analysis of axon numbers suggested that individual axons did not begin to branch extensively until they approached the lateral motor column at stage 36. Connectivity between afferents and motoneurons was assessed by stimulating dorsal roots or nerves supplying the femorotibialis muscle and recording the resulting motoneuron synaptic potentials intracellularly or from the cut ventral roots. At stages 37-39, low-intensity stimulation produced a short-latency positive potential that was followed at higher stimulus currents by slower positive potentials. All of these potentials were abolished in solutions that block chemical synaptic transmission (zero Ca2+/2 mM Mn2+). The early potential, which includes the monosynaptic EPSP produced by muscle afferents, persisted in the presence of the N-methyl-D aspartate antagonist, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), but was largely eliminated by the more general excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenic acid. Therefore, in the chick, as in other species, a glutamate-like transmitter appears to be released at the synapses between muscle afferents and motoneurons. The APV-resistant potential was reduced in amplitude during bath application of the glycine and GABA antagonists, strychnine and picrotoxin, suggesting that it was composed of depolarizing inhibitory as well as excitatory components at these stages. The monosynaptic EPSP could be recorded in ventral roots as early as stages 32-33, when muscle afferents first grew into the vicinity of motoneuron dendrites. The EPSP in these young embryos was unaffected by picrotoxin and strychnine, but responded to APV and kynurenate in a manner similar to that at later stages. Between stages 28 and 32, only long-latency, slowly rising potentials could be evoked in the ventral roots by afferent activation. These potentials were abolished by superfusion with zero Ca2+/2 mM Mn2+, APV, or kynurenic acid, and could be revealed before stage 31 only by removing Mg2+ from the bath.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3249242 TI - Voltage-gated potassium channels in larval CNS neurons of Drosophila. AB - The availability of genetic, molecular, and biophysical techniques makes Drosophila an ideal system for the study of ion channel function. We have used the patch-clamp technique to characterize voltage-gated K+ channels in cultured larval Drosophila CNS neurons. Whole-cell currents from different cells vary in current kinetics and magnitude. Most of the cells contain a transient A-type 4-AP sensitive current. In addition, many cells also have a more slowly inactivating TEA-sensitive component and/or a sustained component. No clear correlation between cell morphology and whole-cell current kinetics was observed. Single channel analysis in cell-free patches revealed that 3 types of channels, named A2, KD, and K1 can account for the whole-cell currents. None of these channels requires elevated intracellular calcium concentration for activation. The A2 channels have a conductance of 6-8 pS and underlie the whole-cell A current. They turn on rapidly, inactivate in response to depolarizing voltage steps, and are completely inactivated by prepulses to -50 mV. The KD (delayed) channels have a conductance of 10-16 pS and can account, in part, for the more slowly inactivating component of whole-cell current. They have longer open times and activate and inactivate more slowly than the A2 channels. The K1 channels have a slope conductance, measured between 0 and +40 mV, of 20-40 pS. These channels do not inactivate during 500 msec voltage steps and thus can contribute to the sustained component of current. They exhibit complex gating behavior with increased probability of being open at higher voltages. Although the K1 channels are sufficient to account for the noninactivating component of whole-cell current, we have observed several other channel types that have a similar voltage dependence and average kinetics. PMID- 3249243 TI - Distribution and phosphorylation of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 in regenerating sympathetic neurons in culture. AB - Sympathetic neurons regenerating in culture were studied in order to gain further insight into the intracellular distribution and phosphorylation of GAP-43, a protein that has been suggested to have a role in axonal outgrowth and neuronal plasticity (Willard et al., 1987). Superior cervical ganglion neurons from embryonic rats were highly reactive with a polyclonal antibody against the growth associated protein GAP-43 soon after they were placed in culture on a laminin substrate. As these neurons extended neurites, the distribution of GAP-43 reactivity changed. The cell body became progressively less reactive, whereas the growth cone at the tip of the growing neurite reacted strongly. The pattern of immunofluorescence was punctate both in the growth cone and the adjacent neurite, but appeared more diffusely distributed in the cell body. The antibody reacted only with cells that had been subjected to treatment that permeabilized the plasma membrane. When antibody was supplied in the medium of growing neurons, it neither bound to the cells nor altered normal neurite initiation or elongation. Of the different types of cells in these cultures, the antibody reacted only with neurons; it did not react with Schwann cells or fibroblasts. The stimulation of protein kinase C in these cultures resulted in a 7-fold stimulation of the phosphorylation of a protein of similar electrophoretic mobility to GAP-43. These observations demonstrate that GAP-43 is neuron-specific, is present throughout the neuron but at higher levels in the growth cone, and is a major substrate of protein kinase C. The high concentration of GAP-43 in the growth cones may necessitate its increased synthesis in neurons with elongating axons. Its location and phosphorylation by kinase C suggest that it could perform a function in the growth cone that is modulated by extracellular signals, such as those used in pathfinding or in the control of axonal elongation. PMID- 3249244 TI - Characterization and localization of a peripheral neural 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtype (5-HT1P) with a selective agonist, 3H-5-hydroxyindalpine. AB - Peripheral neural 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors are different from both classes 5-HT1 and 5-HT2, which have been described from studies of 5-HT receptors in the brain. Recently, it has been shown that, as in the CNS, there is more than a single type of neural receptor for 5-HT in the enteric nervous system. One of these, called 5-HT1P, has a high affinity for 3H-5-HT, initiates a long-lasting depolarization of enteric neurons associated with an increase in membrane resistance, and is the physiological receptor through which enteric serotoninergic neurons mediate slow EPSPs. The other receptor, called 5-HT3 (5 HT2P), does not bind 3H-5-HT with high affinity, and initiates a brief depolarization of enteric neurons with decreased input resistance, but a physiological action of 5-HT mediated by these receptors has not yet been identified. Hydroxylated indalpines have been found to be agonists at 5-HT1P receptors. We have now examined 5-HT1P receptors using 5-hydroxyindalpine (5 OHIP) as a probe. The action of 5-OHIP on enteric neurons was determined electrophysiologically and compared with that of 5-HT; the binding of 3H-5-OHIP to isolated enteric membranes was studied by rapid filtration, and to frozen sections of tissue by radioautography. 3H-5-OHIP binding was compared with that of 3H-5-HT. 5-OHIP, like 5-HT, induced a triphasic response in most enteric neurons: an initial short-lived depolarization, during which input resistance fell, followed by recovery, and then a long-lasting depolarization, during which the input resistance increased. 5-OHIP bound saturably, reversibly, and with high affinity to enteric membranes (Kd = 7.6 +/- 0.7 nM; Bmax = 76 +/- 14 fmol/mg protein). Binding of 3H-5-OHIP was not inhibited by agents that bind to alpha- or beta-adrenoceptors, nicotinic or muscarinic receptors, histamine H1 or H2 receptors, or 5-HT1(A,B,C, or D), 5-HT2, or 5-HT3 receptors, but was displaced by substances, such as hydroxylated indoles and a dipeptide of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP-DP), that antagonize the binding of 3H-5-HT to enteric membranes or tissue sections. It is concluded that 5-OHIP is an agonist at peripheral neural 5-HT1P receptors and can be used to label these receptors selectively outside the brain. Radioautographs demonstrated enteric 5-HT1P receptors in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa and in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses. Extraenteric 5-HT1P receptors were also found in the skin and heart. It is suggested that 5 HT1P receptors may be found on subtypes of primary afferent nerve fibers. PMID- 3249245 TI - Local role of Ca2+ in formation of veils in growth cones. AB - A previous study that used high-resolution video (VEC-DIC) microscopy to examine axonal growth cones of Aplysia giant neurons growing in culture had demonstrated that growth occurs by the extension of veils of membrane between filopodia and the subsequent morphological transformation of these veils, in place, into the swollen, organelle-filled central region of the growth cone and then into the cylindrical axon. The possible involvement of Ca2+ in this sequence of events was now examined using VEC-DIC microscopy. Reduction of [Ca2+]o from the normal level of 11 to 1.3 mM or below or the addition of 20 mM Co2+, which blocks Ca2+ channels, caused a large decrease in the area of immature veil (flat and with few organelles) in the growth cone within minutes. Ba2+, 20 mM, which flows well through Ca2+ channels, and 5 microM A23187, a Ca2+ ionophore, caused new immature veil to form in the presence of reduced [Ca2+]o. Maturation of veil into central region was not inhibited by reduced [Ca2+]o. In fact, the disappearance of immature veil was often the result partly, or entirely, of continued veil maturation in the absence of formation of new veil. The next step in maturation, conversion of the central region to cylindrical axon, was also probably not inhibited by reduced [Ca2+]o. Ca2+ was microapplied to large growth cones that had lost their veils by exposure to reduced [Ca2+]o. There was a strong tendency for the first, or only, incidence of veil formation to occur near the micropipette, the rest of the perimeter of the growth cone remaining quiescent. It is concluded that intracellular Ca2+ plays a role in veil formation and that the site of the Ca2+-dependent step is close to the site of veil formation. If this step is exocytosis, veil forms where there is net addition of membrane. Whether a change in [Ca2+]i, rather than some other factor, normally directly triggers veil formation remains uncertain, but, if it does, then the site of formation, which will strongly influence the direction of axon growth, is probably determined by focal changes in [Ca2+]i within the growth cone. PMID- 3249246 TI - Depolarization of nonmyelinated fibers of the rat vagus nerve produced by activation of protein kinase C. AB - The effect of activation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters has been studied on the nonmyelinated (C) fibers of the rat vagus nerve. Grease-gap recording at room temperature was used to monitor changes in the resting and action potentials. Effects of phorbol esters on the rate of efflux of 86Rb and 14C guanidinium were also measured. The active isomer beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), applied for 10 min at concentrations of 10 nM to 3 microM, caused a slowly developing depolarization, which persisted after the drug was washed out. The action potential was concomitantly reduced. These effects did not occur with the inactive isomer alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate. The PDBu-induced depolarization was reduced by about 75% if Na+ was replaced by the impermeant cation N-methyl-(+)-glucamine (NMG); the residual effect was almost abolished if the nerves were presoaked in a solution containing gluconate in place of Cl-. It was concluded that increases in conductance mainly to Na+ and Cl- were responsible for the depolarization. The response was unaffected by tetrodotoxin or calcium-channel blockers. Omission of Ca2+, surprisingly, enhanced the PDBu induced depolarization 3-5-fold; furthermore, addition of 2 mM Ca2+ following a PDBu-induced depolarization recorded in Ca2+-free solution caused a pronounced repolarization. This effect of Ca2+ occurred also with Sr2+ and Ba2+, but not with other divalent cations or with La3+. Divalent cations known to block Ca channels inhibited the repolarizing action of Ca2+. These results suggested that Ca2+ acts intracellularly, either to block Na channels opened by PDBu or to activate protein phosphatases. The PDBu-induced response in Ca2+-free solution was increased 2-fold by a reduction in pH from 7.4 to 6.5. Under normal conditions the nerve was reversibly depolarized by this pH change; after PDBu this pH sensitivity was enhanced, and depolarization occurred at a less acidic pH. PDBu caused a 3-4-fold increase in the rate of efflux of 86Rb (a marker for K+ ions) and of 14C-guanidinium (a marker for Na+ ions) from preloaded nerves. These effects, in contrast to the depolarization, were transient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3249247 TI - Basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors have trophic effects on neurons from multiple CNS regions. AB - Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) supports the survival of neurons from many regions of the E18 fetal rat brain. Survival was significantly increased for neurons derived from the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex (EC), frontal cortex, parietal cortex (PC), occipital cortex, striatum, septum, and thalamus, but not from the subiculum (Sb). The proportion of neurons rescued by bFGF varied among brain regions, suggesting the existence of subpopulations of responsive neurons. Like hippocampal neurons, neurons from the EC and PC required about 1 pM bFGF (10 20 pg/ml) for half-maximal response; striatal neurons, in contrast, required about 3 pM bFGF. Neurite outgrowth after 24 hr exposure was significantly increased for neurons from the hippocampus, EC, and PC, while striatal neurons had only a marginal response. Although bFGF stimulated some astrocytic proliferation in the cultures, glial contamination was maintained at 2% or less. Acidic FGF (aFGF) supported smaller numbers of neurons from each region, although it significantly increased survival of neurons from hippocampus, EC, PC, striatum, and Sb. The concentration required for half-maximal survival was around 100-300 pM (2-5 ng/ml). It appears that bFGF and aFGF are potent trophic factors for many populations of CNS neurons and could potentially play a significant role in nervous system development. PMID- 3249248 TI - Nerve growth factor enhances dendritic arborization of sympathetic ganglion cells in developing mammals. AB - Recent observations have suggested that the dendritic arbors of sympathetic ganglion cells may be regulated by interactions with their peripheral targets (Voyvodic, 1987a; Yawo, 1987). In order to assess a potential mechanism for such interactions, I have investigated the effects of the target-derived trophic molecule for sympathetic ganglion cells on the development of dendrites in the rat superior cervical ganglion. Systemic treatment of neonatal animals with NGF for 1 or 2 weeks results in a striking expansion of ganglion cell dendritic arbors, as revealed by intracellular staining with HRP. During this period, neurons in treated animals extend new primary dendrites, and the length and branching of existing dendrites are increased compared to age-matched controls. These results support the idea that targets may regulate ganglion cell arbors via elaboration of NGF, and suggest an explanation for the correlation between animal size and dendritic complexity noted in several recent studies (Purves and Lichtman, 1985a; Snider, 1987; Voyvodic, 1987a). PMID- 3249249 TI - Selective attention in an insect auditory neuron. AB - Previous work (Pollack, 1986) showed that an identified auditory neuron of crickets, the omega neuron, selectively encodes the temporal structure of an ipsilateral sound stimulus when a contralateral stimulus is presented simultaneously, even though the contralateral stimulus is clearly encoded when it is presented alone. The present paper investigates the physiological basis for this selective response. The selectivity for the ipsilateral stimulus is a result of the apparent intensity difference of ipsi- and contralateral stimuli, which is imposed by auditory directionality; when simultaneous presentation of stimuli from the 2 sides is mimicked by presenting low- and high-intensity stimuli simultaneously from the ipsilateral side, the neuron responds selectively to the high-intensity stimulus, even though the low-intensity stimulus is effective when it is presented alone. The selective encoding of the more intense (= ipsilateral) stimulus is due to intensity-dependent inhibition, which is superimposed on the cell's excitatory response to sound. Because of the inhibition, the stimulus with lower intensity (i.e., the contralateral stimulus) is rendered subthreshold, while the stimulus with higher intensity (the ipsilateral stimulus) remains above threshold. Consequently, the temporal structure of the low-intensity stimulus is filtered out of the neuron's spike train. The source of the inhibition is not known. It is not a consequence of activation of the omega neuron. Its characteristics are not consistent with those of known inhibitory inputs to the omega neuron. PMID- 3249250 TI - Brain-stem relays mediating stimulation-produced antinociception from the lateral hypothalamus in the rat. AB - Several lines of evidence have demonstrated a role for the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in an endogenous system of descending inhibition. The present study, in rats lightly anesthetized with pentobarbital, was undertaken to examine systematically the organization in the brain stem of pathways mediating descending inhibition of the nociceptive tail flick (TF) reflex produced by focal electrical stimulation in the LH. The microinjection of lidocaine into the midbrain, dorsolateral pons, or medial medulla resulted in significant increases in stimulation thresholds in the LH for inhibition of the TF reflex (89.1, 67.4, and 73.6%, respectively). Selective lesions of cell bodies in the midbrain or medulla by the neurotoxin ibotenic acid also produced significant increases in stimulation thresholds in the LH for inhibition of the TF reflex (31.6 and 131.6%, respectively), thus revealing relays in the periaqueductal gray and the nucleus raphe magnus located between the LH and the lumbar spinal cord. The failure of ibotenic acid to affect LH-produced descending inhibition when microinjected into the dorsolateral pons, and the significant effect produced by lidocaine microinjected into the same area, implicates fibers of passage in the dorsolateral pons in descending inhibition of the TF reflex produced by focal electrical stimulation in the LH. The fluorescent dye Fast blue and HRP conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin were used to confirm that the area stimulated in the LH has reciprocal connections with the periaqueductal gray and nucleus raphe magnus. PMID- 3249251 TI - Immediate internal fixation of open ankle fractures. AB - Seventy-six consecutive displaced open ankle fractures were treated by immediate internal fixation between 1983 and 1986 at Los Angeles County University of Southern California Medical Center. Sixty-two patients were available for clinical and radiological examination at an average of 16.4 months post-fixation. Seventy-two percent of the patients had a satisfactory result. Poor results (20%) were most commonly due to non-anatomic reductions, articular surface damage, or deep infection. Deep infection occurred in 5% of the patients while 8% required late ankle arthrodesis. We believe immediate internal fixation is the treatment of choice for displaced open ankle fractures, but this form of treatment does have a significant rate of complications. PMID- 3249252 TI - Evaluation of the treatment of ankle fractures with the Inyo nail. AB - Two groups of 75 patients with similar ankle fractures treated with the Inyo nail were evaluated within two time frames: 1981-1983 and 1984-1987. In contrast to previous injury patterns, an increasing number of severe and complicated ankle fractures were noted. In 1984, new techniques of fracture reduction, maintenance of reduction, and device alteration were added to the Inyo nail protocol to improve stabilization and patient morbidity. This improvement was best reflected in that over 85% of the patients had a radiographic quality of reduction and functional quality of activity rating of good. The Inyo nail may be used in the management of the lateral malleolus in the treatment of ankle fractures. PMID- 3249253 TI - Primary ankle arthrodesis in trauma: report of three cases. AB - This is a review of three patients who underwent primary ankle arthrodesis for severe ankle trauma. Arthrodesis was performed within the first 3 weeks after injury. The procedure resulted in a functional lower extremity in all cases. We recommend primary or delayed primary ankle fusion when extensive bone loss or comminution and severe soft tissue injury are present. PMID- 3249254 TI - External skeletal fixation: choosing a system based on biomechanical stability. AB - Due to the increased popularity of external fixators for treating long-bone fractures, many devices are being introduced to the market. The choice of a particular fixation device depends on the anticipated loading conditions or the demands the fixator might encounter during the healing process. This study compares the biomechanical stability (rigidity, yield-load, failure-load) and load to produce 1 mm of fracture-gap displacement of various half-frames of five systems tested in axial compression, torsion, and both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral bending; the slippage tolerances of various interfaces of the universal joints or clamps were also analyzed. The frames were mounted on acrylic rods, with a midshaft transverse saw-cut, displaced by 10 mm, and set to standardized dimensions and tightened at set torques. In terms of stability, the Brooker and Hoffman systems are, in general, less stable than the RxFx, AO, and Orthofix fixators. The single half-frames of all systems, except the Orthofix, were particularly weak, and the double and stacked half-frames of each system were more stable. PMID- 3249255 TI - Operative management of ipsilateral fractures of the hip and femur. AB - Thirteen patients with ipsilateral hip and femoral shaft fractures are discussed. In nine patients, the femoral shaft fracture was managed by a combination of dynamic compression plating with a medial cancellous bone graft and either multiple cancellous screws or a dynamic hip screw for the proximal fracture (Group I). Four patients had Ender pin fixation (Group II). In Group I, both fractures were united within 16 weeks in all patients, and at least 90% of normal hip and knee motion was regained. Nonunions developed in two of the four Group II patients. Immediate separate fixation of ipsilateral hip and femoral shaft fractures allows definitive management of the proximal fracture and immediate mobilization without external support and provides satisfactory results with a low complication rate. PMID- 3249256 TI - Preoperative angiographic assessment of the superior gluteal artery in acetabular fractures requiring extensile surgical exposures. AB - Extensile exposures used for complex acetabular fracture reconstructive surgery often create abductor muscle flaps pedicled on the superior gluteal artery. Preoperative arteriograms were performed in eight patients who required extended iliofemoral or modified extended iliofemoral surgical approaches to assess the integrity of the superior gluteal artery. All of the patients had complex acetabular fractures, with significant displacement of the fracture into the sciatic notch. Abnormalities of the superior gluteal artery were found in three patients. One patient demonstrated a complete laceration of the superior gluteal artery, one patient a complete arterial occlusion, and one patient had a compressive entrapment of the artery at the fracture site. Preoperative angiographic evaluation of the superior gluteal artery is suggested for patients with acetabular fractures that are displaced into the sciatic notch and who will require an extensile surgical exposure creating an abductor muscle flap supplied by the superior gluteal artery. PMID- 3249257 TI - Therapeutic functional bracing in upper limb fracture-dislocations. AB - The authors utilized the principle of functional bracing in the management of 307 fractures and/or dislocations of the upper limb. There were 29 humeral fractures, 111 fracture-dislocations around the elbow, 32 fractures of the forearm, and 135 fractures of the distal radius. The average follow-up was 9 months. The results showed that more than 95% of the patients regained good range of motion and power. The details of the technique and the protocols are described. The conclusion drawn from an analysis of the results is that functional bracing is a safe and effective method in the management of upper limb fracture dislocations. PMID- 3249258 TI - Comminuted fractures of the base of the first metacarpal treated by distraction external fixation. AB - A new technique is presented for the treatment of comminuted intraarticular fractures of the base of the thumb metacarpal. A triangular Hoffmann external radius and first- and second-metacarpal fixator is used. The reduction is maintained by prolonged distraction and abduction of the first metacarpal bone. The application of the technique in three cases is reported. PMID- 3249259 TI - Occult rectal perforation in a major pelvic fracture. AB - Major pelvic fractures are a common sequela of motor vehicle accidents. Hemorrhage, sepsis, and laceration of viscera contribute significantly to the patient's morbidity and mortality and should be promptly evaluated. Early use of computed tomography is helpful in establishing the integrity of viscera and tissue planes. Knowledge of the retroperitoneal pathways of spread of disease may significantly accelerate primary repairs and subsequent early return of function. A case illustrating these concepts is presented. PMID- 3249260 TI - Primary coronary artery dissection: its incidence, mode of the onset and prognostic evaluation. AB - The incidence, mode of the onset and prognosis of primary coronary artery dissection in 1,445 consecutive patients with myocardial infarction undergoing coronary angiography were elucidated in the present study. Primary coronary artery dissection was observed in four patients (0.28%). The first case was a 28 year-old man, who developed angina at rest, followed by inferior myocardial infarction. His coronary angiogram showed dual lumina in the proximal to distal segments of the right coronary artery, which were separated by a flap. A left ventriculogram showed severe impairment of contraction (akinesis) in its inferior segment. Six years later, he was classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I. The second case, a 54-year-old man, developed vasospastic angina followed by inferior myocardial infarction. His coronary angiogram showed a similar dissection from the proximal to distal segments of the right coronary artery. A left ventriculogram showed akinesis of the inferior segment and a coronary angiogram five years later showed marked resolution of the dissection. Twelve years after the infarction, he was classified as NYHA functional class I. The third case, a 46-year-old woman, experienced sudden onset of inferior myocardial infarction. Her coronary angiogram showed dissection from the middle to distal segments, and the posterior descending branch of the right coronary artery. A left ventriculogram showed akinesis of the inferior segment, and three years later, she was asymptomatic. The fourth case, a 28-year-old woman, developed anterior myocardial infarction following delivery. Her coronary angiogram revealed dissection from the proximal to middle segments of the left anterior descending artery. A left ventriculogram showed akinesis in the anteroseptal segment and dyskinesis in the apical segment. She died suddenly four years after her myocardial infarction. Thus, primary coronary artery dissection is not extremely rare and it may have been associated with coronary vasospasm in at least two of these four cases. PMID- 3249261 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dilatation]. AB - There is increasing interest in the notion that some patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) progress to morphological and functional manifestations similar to those of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). From 165 consecutive patients with HCM, 20 patients with left ventricular dilatation (left ventricular end diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 50 mm) were selected and designated as dilated HCM. The diagnosis of HCM was established in these patients either by detection of the classical form of HCM in family members, with 2-dimensional echocardiographic evidence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH; septal thickness greater than or equal to 15 mm and a ratio of septal to posterior wall thickness greater than or equal to 1.3); or by demonstrating myocardial fiber disarray in autopsy or biopsy samples. The clinical manifestations of these patients with dilated HCM were then compared with those of other forms of HCM without left ventricular dilatation; 1) 40 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) who had resting intraventricular pressure gradients of 20 mmHg or more, 2) 80 patients with non-obstructive HCM, each of whom had ASH of the entire ventricular septum (typical ASH), and 3) 25 non-obstructive patients whose hypertrophy was localized to the apical region of the ventricular septum (apical ASH). Patients having apical hypertrophy with a spade-like configuration on the left ventriculogram were excluded from the study. Compared with HOCM and typical ASH groups, the patients with dilated HCM had family histories of significantly more frequent HCM and less frequent hypertension. The patients with dilated HCM also had significantly less fractional shortening (FS), decreased interventricular septal thickness, greater left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and left ventricular dilatation. During the follow-up period (average: 3.5 years), seven patients (35%) with dilated HCM died; five from congestive heart failure (CHF), one suddenly, and one three days following mitral valve replacement. The other five patients had CHF at the time of their follow-up examination. The patients with apical ASH had clinical features similar to those of dilated HCM; a higher familial frequency, less marked septal hypertrophy, and higher LVEDP. They tended to develop left ventricular dilatation, associated with reduced fractional shortening, although left ventricular diameter at end-diastole did not exceed 50 mm. These findings suggested that dilated HCM is not a rare condition. It is observed in 12% of consecutive patients with HCM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3249262 TI - [Correlation of left ventricular outflow obstruction with mitral regurgitation]. AB - Our previous study of mitral regurgitation in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy suggested that left ventricular outflow obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of the distal residual anterior mitral leaflet may hydrodynamically induce mid-systolic mitral regurgitation. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether drug-induced left ventricular outflow obstruction in dogs might cause mitral regurgitation. Dobutamine, 20-60 micrograms/kg/min, induced the obstruction due to mitral systolic anterior motion with mitral-septal contact in 11 of 18 dogs. Pulsed Doppler and contrast echocardiography demonstrated that mitral regurgitation was concomitantly induced in the 11 dogs. The regurgitation was prominent during mid-systole from the onset to the end of mitral-septal contact. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed reduction of the mitral annular dimension and anterior shifts of the mitral valve coaptation during drug infusion in the 11 dogs. Accordingly, the distal portion of the mitral valve, especially of its anterior leaflet, became residual, and moved anteriorly in early systole and protruded into the outflow tract during mid systole. Catheter-tip pressure recordings simultaneous with two-dimensional echocardiographic observation revealed that the outflow pressure gradient occurred across the protruding distal residual mitral valve. The onset and the end of the pressure gradient were nearly simultaneous with those of the mitral septal contact. After cessation of the infusion, the mid-systolic mitral regurgitation disappeared together with the obstruction. These results indicate a close relationship between left ventricular outflow obstruction and mid-systolic mitral regurgitation, and strongly support the hypothesis that the obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of the distal residual anterior mitral leaflet is responsible for mitral regurgitation. PMID- 3249263 TI - [Anterolateral papillary muscle motion before and after septal myotomy in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. AB - The left ventricular outflow pressure gradient in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy results from systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM). This abnormal orientation of the valve was previously proposed to be caused by inappropriately hypertrophied papillary muscles which protrude to the interventricular septum (IVS). Septal myotomy can alter the orientation of the papillary muscles and resolve the pressure gradient, without myectomy. Recently, we have experienced two instructive cases to prove our previously advocated hypothesis. Case 1: This 54-year-old man complained of effort dyspnea, and his echocardiogram disclosed marked SAM, and a thickened IVS (28 mm) and left ventricular posterior wall (16 mm). The intraventricular pressure gradient was 134 mmHg, and there was mitral regurgitation of grade 2/4. A longitudinal incision via the aorta on the anterior portion of the IVS, toward the base of the anterolateral papillary muscle, resolved the pressure gradient and mitral regurgitation, and two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated that the SAM resolved at the lateral aspect of the valve, but it remained on the medial side. Case 2: This 57-year-old man complained of dyspnea during effort. He had marked SAM. The intraventricular pressure gradient was 65 mmHg, and there was grade 3/4 mitral regurgitation. Longitudinal incisions on the anterior, medial and posterior parts of the IVS abolished the SAM and reduced mitral regurgitation to grade 1/4. In both cases, during systole, the anterolateral papillary muscle protruded into the left ventricular ontflow tract, causing SAM. After surgery, the direction of the muscle axis moved toward the mitral orifice during systole, resulting in alleviation of SAM on the same side of the location of septotomy. This further confirmed our concept that disoriented papillary muscles play essential roles in causing SAM. If the Venturi forces previously stressed by other investigators cause SAM, the latter should resolve on both the medial and lateral aspects, even by septotomy. Thus, the Venturi theory seems untenable. PMID- 3249265 TI - [Re-evaluation of determinants of the cardiothoracic ratio using two-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - To evaluate the correlation of cardiothoracic ratios (CTR) on chest radiography with the sizes of the four cardiac chambers, we studied 41 normal persons and 77 cardiac patients using two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). The transverse cardiac diameter and the CTR were ascertained from their chest radiographs. Using 2DE, each cardiac chamber was evaluated three-dimensionally, by measuring the short and long diameters of each left (LV) and right ventricle (RV), the diameter of the RV outflow, the anteroposterior, transverse, and long diameters of each left (LA) and right atrium (RA). These values were corrected using the square root of the body surface area. The correlation coefficient for the CTR was greatest in the long diameter of the LA (r = 0.84), and was greater in the atrial diameters (r greater than or equal to 0.71) than in the other diameters except for the transverse diameter of the RA (r less than or equal to 0.51). The contribution of each cardiac chamber to the transverse cardiac diameter was evaluated in 34 patients with cardiac enlargement by a method using the null hypothesis, which we originally designed. Consequently, the contribution of the LV to the CTR was definitely proven in two patients, that of RV in two, that of LA in 15 and that of RA in nine. These results indicated that the CTR is strongly influenced by enlargement of the LA. PMID- 3249264 TI - [Value of exercise echocardiography in evaluating left ventricular systolic function in mitral stenosis]. AB - Exercise echocardiography was performed for 34 patients with mitral stenosis (MS) to evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic function. The patients were categorized in three groups according to the work loads attained: Group I, 14 patients who attained 25 watts; Group II, 10 patients, 50 watts; and Group III, 10 patients, 75 watts. Among these groups, there were no statistical differences between the resting echocardiographic LV systolic function and their cardiac catheterization data. Resting LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions (EDD and ESD) did not differ by group. During exercise, EDD and ESD decreased significantly in all groups, but ESD at the maximum exercise in Group I was greater than those of the other groups. The percent fractional shortening of the left ventricle (%FS) decreased significantly with exercise in Group I, while it increased significantly in the other groups. The mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf) increased significantly in all groups, but the extent was least in Group I. The exercise-induced changes in %FS (delta %FS) and mean Vcf (delta mean Vcf) correlated closely with exercise duration (r = 0.80, r = 0.73), but this was not the case in the mitral valve area. Postoperatively, exercise echocardiography was also performed for 14 patients with mitral stenosis; two of seven patients in Group I, four of five in Group II, and two in Group III showed significant improvement in exercise tolerance after surgery. However, the other six patients showed no change in their exercise tolerance. The former patients had positive values in delta %FS and more than 0.5 circ/sec in delta mean Vcf during pre-operative evaluations, while except one patient, those who did not improve had negative delta %FS values and less than 0.5 circ/sec in delta mean Vcf. It was concluded that the change in LV systolic function during exercise echocardiography reflects LV functional reserve in patients with MS, and provides valuable information for evaluating the severity of, indications for and benefits from surgery for MS. PMID- 3249266 TI - [Balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary valvular stenosis: a long-term follow-up study using pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. AB - From June 1984 to March 1987, percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty (PBV) was performed for 22 patients with congenital pulmonary valvular stenosis. It was successful for 20 patients, and there were significant decreases of transvalvular pressure gradients; 72 +/- 30 mmHg before PBV, and 30 +/- 12 mmHg immediately after PBV (p less than 0.001). In a follow-up study, pulsed Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were used to examine changes in long term hemodynamic findings after PBV. One year follow-up evaluation was performed for 14 patients, and two year follow-ups for seven patients. One year after PBV the transvalvular pressure gradients were evaluated during cardiac catheterization in 11 patients, and using pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the remaining three patients. The gradients of the seven patients at two year intervals after PBV were evaluated using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The pressure gradients of two patients improved further one year later due to the anatomical degradation in the right ventricular outflow tracts. For seven patients, two year follow-up evaluations were performed, and the transvalvular pressure gradient reduced from 84 +/- 23 to 33 +/- 15 mmHg (p less than 0.001) immediately afterwards; to 27 +/- 22 mmHg (p less than 0.01) one year later; and further to 12 +/- 5 mmHg (p less than 0.001) two years after PBV. Second PBV was performed for three patients in whom a residual gradient was recognized, with the good results. On auscultation, a pulmonary regurgitant murmur was recognized in 28% of 18 patients immediately after PBV, but 80% of this resolved one year later. Two patients had pulmonary regurgitation with pulmonary valvular stenosis before PBV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249267 TI - [Azygos and hemiazygos connections imaged by two-dimensional, and pulsed and color Doppler echocardiography]. AB - Identification of the azygos or hemiazygos connection is important in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease, especially in cases of the polysplenia syndrome. Although two-dimensional echocardiographic observation of this anomaly has been reported, the direct visualization of drainage sites is still rather difficult. A method for visualizing the azygos or hemiazygos connection by a combined use of two-dimensional and pulsed and color Doppler echocardiography was reported here. Subjects consisted of 10 patients with the polysplenia syndrome, each of whom had been confirmed as having the azygos or hemiazygos connection; five each of the azygos and hemiazygos types. The transducer was placed over the second intercostal space on the right side for the azygos, and on the left side for hemiazygos connection. The two-dimensional echocardiographic plane was adjusted to visualize the long-axis view of the superior vena cava; the right superior vena cava for the azygos and the left superior vena cava for the hemiazygos connection. The mode of the equipment was changed to color Doppler, and an orange-colored blood flow toward the transducer, draining into the superior vena cava was carefully sought. Finally the pulsed Doppler mode was selected and the sampling volume was set in the orange-colored area. The wave form of the pulsed Doppler echocardiogram of the azygos or hemiazygos vein potentially had two peaks per cardiac cycle, and was modified by respiration. We found azygos or hemiazygos veins coursing from the posterior aspect of the right pulmonary artery in seven of 10 cases by two-dimensional echocardiography alone, while we observed all veins by the additional use of color and pulsed Doppler echocardiography. PMID- 3249268 TI - [Effects of age, weight and heart rate on cardiac function at rest in normal subjects]. AB - The effects of age, body weight, and heart rate on cardiac function and left ventricular (LV) volumes at rest were determined for 203 normal subjects, aged 10 to 75 years, using a multiple linear regression model. LV volume was calculated by the formula: volume = 7 X dimension3/(2.4 + dimension). There were age-related increases in ejection fraction, mean velocity of circumferential shortening (mVcf), fractional shortening (FS), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO). Weight-related increases in SV and CO were observed. Heart rate-related increases in mVcf and CO were also observed. LV volumes at end-systole and at the end of the rapid filling, and slow filling phases decreased with age and increased with weight. However, end-diastolic volume increased with weight, independently of age. The change in LV volume during the rapid filling phase increased with weight; that during the slow filling phase was independent of age, weight, or heart rate. The change in LV volume during the atrial contraction phase increased with age and weight. The ratio of the change in LV volume during atrial contraction to end-diastolic volume was age-related, but independent of weight and heart rate [(an increase in LV volume during atrial contraction)/(end diastolic volume) = 0.0032 X age (years) + 0.00042 X weight (Kg) + 0.034 X RR interval (sec)]; (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001). The velocity of change in LV volume during the rapid filling phase decreased and that during atrial contraction increased with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249270 TI - [Effect of dobutamine on ventriculo-arterial coupling and ventricular work efficiency in patients with cardiac failure]. AB - In nine patients with cardiac dysfunction (ejection fraction less than or equal to 50%), we evaluated the effects of dobutamine (5 micrograms/kg/min) on ventriculo-arterial coupling by monitoring direct arterial pressures and simultaneously-recorded M-mode echocardiograms guided with two-dimensional images. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) were calculated by the formula of Teichholz, and left ventricular end-systolic pressure (ESP) was approximately from the arterial dicrotic pressure. Arterial pressure was altered by phenylephrine or nitroprusside and the slope (Ees) and volume axis intercept (Vo) of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship were determined as the contractile properties of the ventricle. The arterial system properties were expressed by the slope (Ea) of the end-systolic pressure-stroke volume relationships. Ees during dobutamine infusion was derived assuming that the Vo was unchanged from the baseline state. The left ventricular pressure volume area (PVA), the sum of external work (EW) and end-systolic potential energy (PE), and ventricular work efficiency (EW/PVA) were determined from a time varying elastance model. The EDV and ESV were significantly decreased by dobutamine (-4%, p less than 0.05; -22%, p less than 0.01), while the ESP and heart rate remained unchanged. Dobutamine increased the Ees markedly (+41%, p less than 0.01) and decreased the Ea (-23%, p less than 0.01). These changes resulted in a substantial decrease in the ratio of Ea to Ees (-44%, p less than 0.01). The EW was augmented (+22%, p less than 0.01), but the PE was reduced ( 33%, p less than 0.01) by dobutamine, while the PVA remained the same as in the baseline state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249269 TI - Effect of heart rate on the end-systolic wall stress-mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening relation. AB - The correlation of left ventricular end-systolic wall stress (ESS) with the mean velocity of fiber shortening (mVcf) is an index of the myocardial contractile state, independent of the ventricular loading conditions (afterload). However, there have been few reported estimates of the effect of changes in the heart rate on the ESS-mVcf relationship. In the present study, 25 subjects with histories of Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: MCLS) were evaluated for the effects of changes in heart rate, afterload and preload, on the ESS-mVcf relationship. The latter was independent of afterload. After atrial pacing, ESS decreased and mVcf increased, both significantly, compared to those of subjects at rest. The change of the ESS-mVcf relationship induced by atrial pacing approximately paralleled the mean regression line obtained in the resting state. However, the shift induced by preload was not parallel to the mean regression line for the resting population. These data suggest that the ESS-mVcf relationship is independent of any change in heart rate, and that it may depend on preload. PMID- 3249271 TI - [Left ventricular diastolic properties in dogs evaluated by stress pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. AB - We examined diastolic properties of the left ventricle (LV) of 12 anesthetized open-chest dogs. The heart was paced at a fixed rate of 100 beats/min. The time constant (T) was calculated from the LV pressure curve, and the A/R was measured from LV diastolic velocity curves using pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE). Both were used as indexes of the LV diastolic properties. The afterload increased by occluding the descending aorta; the preload decreased by occluding the inferior vena cava. Both T and the A/R increased significantly (p less than 0.01) when the afterload was increased. However, when the preload was decreased, T was not significantly changed. The A/R increased significantly due to a smaller decrement of A than that of R, when the preload was decreased. The percent change of T correlated significantly with that of the A/R, when the afterload was increased (r = 0.687, p less than 0.05). However, there was no correlation between them, when the preload was decreased. We conclude that LV diastolic properties are affected by afterload and preload, and that percent changes of T do not always correlate well with percent changes in the A/R. Thus, it is important to evaluate the preload and afterload states when ever LV diastolic properties are measured clinically. PMID- 3249272 TI - [Assessment of interaction between the left and right ventricles using pressure volume loops in various heart diseases]. AB - To assess the interaction and interdependence of left and right ventricular function, ECG-gated radionuclide angiocardiography was performed immediately after cardiac catheterization during right atrial pacing for 11 patients with old myocardial infarction (MI), two with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, one with aortic stenosis (AS), two with pulmonary infarction (PI), and one with neurocirculatory asthenia (NCA). Absolute left ventricular (LV) volume curves were obtained by the count-based method with attenuation factor corrections. Biventricular pressure and volume curves were digitized and synchronized to end diastole, and pressure-volume (P-V) loops were constructed throughout a cardiac cycle. The stroke work index (SWI), the work index per min (WI/M) and the contractility index (CNTI) were calculated from the P-V loops. In a patient with NCA, LV end-diastolic volume decreased during rapid pacing, but no significant change in the LV end-systolic P-V relation was recognized. However, the entire right ventricular (RV) P-V loop was shifted toward the left during rapid pacing. In a patient with AS, the LV P-V loop was markedly enlarged and every parameter of LV function was much greater than that of the right ventricle due to increased LV afterload. The areas of RV P-V loops in two patients with PI were larger than those of other patients, because RV pressure was relatively high, and RV volume was increased. It is suggested that RV pressure and volume overloads prevail in patients with PI. In four MI patients with three vessel disease and having collateral circulation, the LV end-systolic P-V relationship was shifted toward the lower right, and every parameter (SWI, WI/M, CNTI) of LV function decreased by rapid pacing. Myocardial ischemia may be induced by rapid pacing stress, causing decreased LV contractility. It was concluded that the P-V loops obtained by RNA and catheterization are clinically useful for estimating the interaction and interdependence between right and left ventricular hemodynamics. PMID- 3249273 TI - [Flow imaging of the cardiovascular system using magnetic resonance imaging]. AB - Blood flow images by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a 0.25 T unit were evaluated for nine normal volunteers and 108 subjects with a variety of cardiovascular abnormalities. Using the non-gated short-spin echo (SE) technique, blood flow in the cardiovascular systems was not imaged in the normal volunteers. Using end-systolic and end-diastolic SE techniques for the normal subjects, blood flow in the cardiac chambers was not clearly imaged. Blood flow in the ascending aorta and aotric arch often did not appear in the gated SE images of the normal subjects. However, blood flow in the descending aorta was often observed in the gated SE images. Blood flow imaging was demonstrated by both non-gated and gated SE techniques in regions where blood flow was relatively slow; for example, in the left atrium of mitral stenosis, in an aortic aneurysm, in a false lumen of an aortic dissection, and in the left ventricle having old myocardial infarction. Using the non-gated inversion recovery (IR) technique, no blood flow was imaged in the cardiovascular system except in the left atrium of one case with mitral stenosis. Using the non-gated short SE technique, there was good correlation between the thrombus formation and the presence of blood flow images in the left atria of 17 patients with mitral stenosis, and in the aneurysmal portions of the aorta or in the false lumens of aortic dissection of 18 patients. It was suggested that mural thrombi in such diseases were related to the relatively slow blood flow. Blood flow imaging easily distinguished stagnant blood flow from mural thrombi using non-gated short SE, end-systolic SE, and IR techniques. Thus, blood flow imaging using MRI should become an important means of evaluating the cardiovascular system. PMID- 3249274 TI - [Congenital heart disease: diagnostic approaches, surgical indications and operative results]. AB - Our management policies of the main congenital cardiac defects which require emergency surgical intervention in neonate and infancy were reported. Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD): Recent refinements in two dimensional (2-D) echocardiography have made it possible to operate for this anomaly using only this modality. When a combination of coarctation is suspected and/or the location of the drainage of the pulmonary vein is obscure, catheterization and angiocardiography are added for detailed diagnosis. It is, however, our policy not to perform right-sided angiocardiography for patients younger than three months of age. Symptomatic cases are operated urgently, although not always on an emergency basis. In our experience, a 12 approximately 24 hour delay with intensive cardiorespiratory and metabolic care may improve the preoperative conditions considerably and increase the chances of a successful surgical repair. Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and interruption of the aortic arch (IAA): Diagnosis of CoA by echocardiography and aortography by radial artery injection is well established. In neonates and infants with CoA or CoA + patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and/or ventricular septal defect (VSD), emergency repair of coarctation (usually with subclavian flap aortoplasty) without pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is undertaken on the day of established diagnosis. If a combination of complex cardiac anomalies such as transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and Taussig-Bing anomaly is suspected, catheterization and angiocardiography are added for the detailed diagnosis. Repair of coarctation combined with PAB has been our choice of procedure in these infants. If IAA is suspected, catheterizaton, angiographic and detailed echocardigraphic studies are performed to define the precise anatomy of the aortic arch and associated intracardiac lesions, paying particular attention to the left ventricular outflow tract, as soon as such patients become clinically stable by intensive medical treatment using prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), digitalis and diuretics. Once the diagnosis is established surgical treatment should be carried out without delay. Initial palliation by aortic arch reconstruction with PAB followed by two-stage definitive intracardiac repair have been our choice of procedure in neonates and infants with IAA without severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3249275 TI - [Marked ST-segment elevation in the precordial and inferior leads in right ventricular myocardial infarction: a case report]. AB - This is a report of right ventricular infarction complicated by inferior myocardial infarction in which marked ST-segment elevation was observed in the precordial and inferior leads. A 51-year-old man was admitted with chest pain of one-half hour duration. His admission ECG showed conspicuous ST-segment elevation in the precordial and inferior leads. The maximum magnitude of the ST-segment elevation in the precordial leads was 21 mm in lead V2 and 10 mm in lead II. Echocardiography showed akinesis of the right ventricular free wall and the posterior half of the left ventricle. Angiography revealed a 90% reduction in the diameter of the right coronary artery in its proximal portion, and a normal left coronary system. Recent reports have indicated that precordial ST-segment elevation may reflect right ventricular infarction. However, there has been no previous report of marked ST-segment elevation in the precordial and inferior leads. In right ventricular infarction, the currents of injury usually occur simultaneously in the right ventricular free wall and left ventricular inferior wall, and then are electrically opposed to each other. The diffuse and marked ST segment elevation observed in this case is thus a rare phenomenon. PMID- 3249276 TI - [Acute myocarditis with localized left ventricular aneurysm: a report of three cases]. AB - Ventricular aneurysms are rarely observed in viral myocarditis. Three cases whose left ventriculograms showed localized left ventricular aneurysms in the chronic phase of myocarditis are reported. The etiology in one case was herpes simplex virus (Case 1). Two cases (Case 2, 3) of myocarditis were admitted to our Coronary Care Unit in the acute phase, when diffuse hypokinesis of the left ventricle was demonstrated by two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography. Hypokineses progressed to localized left ventricular aneurysm formation, demonstrated by cine angiography. In the acute phase, ST segment elevation was observed in these two cases, but it resolved. Abnormal Q waves also resolved in the chronic phase. Negative T waves were nearly normalized in one of them (Case 3). Abnormal Q waves with ST segment depression were observed in another case (Case 1). Thus, there were no characteristic or consistent findings suggesting a left ventricular aneurysm on electrocardiography. 2-D echocardiography and cine angiography proved useful for diagnosing this uncommon complication. Long-term follow-up of these cases will be important, because viral myocarditis can develop into dilated cardiomyopathy. The mechanism of left ventricular aneurysm following acute viral myocarditis included: (1) direct viral injury of the myocardium, (2) localized injury due to immunological mechanisms, and (3) coronary thrombosis due to increased platelet aggregation by viral infection. PMID- 3249277 TI - [Color Doppler evaluation of a specific left ventricular flow pattern in a case of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm]. AB - This report describes a case of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm examined by phonocardiography, two-dimensional echocardiography, Doppler color flow mapping, continuous wave and conventional pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The patient had early systolic and early diastolic murmurs. The pseudoaneurysm sac and the site of left ventricular rupture were identified by two-dimensional echocardiography. The flow between the left ventricle and the pseudoaneurysm were imaged by Doppler color flow mapping. Two jets from the left ventricle were directed toward the aneurysm during systole, and from the aneurysm toward the left ventricle in early diastole. Continuous wave Doppler and high pulse repetition frequency Doppler echocardiography demonstrated the maximum flow velocity in systole to be 3 m/sec and in early diastole, 1.7 m/sec. Those flow patterns between the left ventricle and the pseudoaneurysm could have been closely related to the murmur. Doppler echocardiography thus proved useful for detecting specific flow patterns related to a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. PMID- 3249278 TI - [Ventricular septal dissection: a case report]. AB - A rare case of dissection in the posteroinferior interventricular septum complicating acute myocardial infarction was described. A 79-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for treatment of a bleeding gastric ulcer and an acute inferior myocardial infarction. His hospital course was uneventful. Two dimensional echocardiography performed before his discharge revealed an echo-free space representing an aneurysmal bulge into the posteroinferior interventricular septum, probably due to its dissection. Dynamic computed tomography of the chest demonstrated a cyst-like filling of the contrast medium within the posteroinferior interventricular septum. It communicated with the left ventricular cavity, but not with the right ventricular cavity. Left ventriculography demonstrated an aneurysmal bulge at the posteroinferior portion of the interventricular septum. Through a narrow orifice, there was a jet-like expulsion of radiopaque material from the left ventricular cavity, but there was no communication with the right ventricular cavity. This is the first reported case of ventricular septal dissection uncomplicated by ventricular septal perforation. PMID- 3249279 TI - A case of anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk: imaging of abnormal flow by Doppler color flow mapping. AB - An asymptomatic 48-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of a precordial continuous murmur. The chest radiograph showed a normal cardiac silhouette. The resting electrocardiogram showed incomplete right bundle branch block. A multistage, graded treadmill exercise test did not affect the ST-T segment. A thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scan with a multistage ergometer exercise test showed no distinct perfusion defect. A two-dimensional echocardiogram disclosed a dilated left coronary artery arising from the left sinus of Valsalva, and a dilated right coronary artery crossing the aorta anteriorly to the pulmonary trunk. Real-time two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography of the same region showed an abnormal jet coming from the right coronary artery into the pulmonary trunk during diastole. A continuous wave Doppler flow study in the pulmonary trunk revealed a high-speed, disturbed flow which began in mid-systole, and continued during diastole. These findings were compatible with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk. An aortogram confirmed the diagnosis. PMID- 3249280 TI - [Angina with long-standing coronary T waves]. AB - The clinical significance of long-standing (greater than or equal to 24 hours) coronary T waves without abnormal Q waves was evaluated in 24 patients with angina. They were categorized in two groups; 11 with ST elevation followed by coronary T waves (Group A), and 13 with coronary T waves alone (Group B). 1. The patients had long-standing or repetitive episodes of rest angina, with clinical features of unstable angina in all but one. Fifty-five % of patients in Group A and 85% in Group B had histories of effort angina. 2. Significant (greater than or equal to twice the upper normal) elevation of serum CPK value was observed in 36% of patients in Group A and in 46% in Group B. There was no correlation between the maximum CPK value and the number of leads with the coronary T wave. 3. Coronary angiography demonstrated significant (greater than 50%) coronary artery stenosis in 27% of patients in Group A and in 77% in Group B. The incidence of severe stenosis was greater in Group B than in Group A. Angioplasty was performed in 9% of patients in Group A and in 38% in Group B. 4. During the average follow-up period of 27 months, there was one cardiac event (unstable angina) in Group A, two events (one sudden death and one unstable angina) in Group B. Each cardiac event occurred after the patients themselves discontinued their medications. This was not related to the severity of coronary artery stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249281 TI - [Coronary calcification in cinefluoroscopy: diagnosis of ischemic heart disease masquerading as dilated cardiomyopathy]. AB - The feasibility of cinefluoroscopic grading of coronary calcification was tested for differential diagnosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy (IMD) and non-ischemic myocardial disease (N-IMD) simulating dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Twenty-seven patients with generalized hypokinesis of the left ventricle but without localized infarction or aneurysm on two-dimensional echocardiography were categorized as Group A of 17 cases examined by both cinefluoroscopy and coronary cineangiography (CAG); Group B, 10 examined only by noninvasive method because of severe congestive heart failure, old age or poor renal function. Cinefluoroscopy was recorded on 35 mm cinefilm for review using a 7 inch image intensifier, 2 to 3 mA and 90 to 100 kV, in the anteroposterior, right and left anterior oblique, and left lateral projections. We judged the degree of coronary calcification as Grade 1, calcification difficult to recognize; Grade 2, easily recognized; Grade 3, recognized in more than half of one coronary artery; and Grade 4, recognized in nearly the entire length of one coronary artery. To obtain the calcification score, the degree was multiplied by the number of calcified main coronary branches. IMD was defined as more than 75% decrease in the diameter of either the left main coronary artery or any other two major coronary vessels. I. The results obtained for group A were: 1. All six cases of IMD had coronary calcification. 2. The score of IMD was 21.2 +/- 8.1; that of N-IMD, 0.18 +/- 0.39. 3. The minimum IMD score was 10 without evidence of any calcification in the non-dominant right coronary artery. 4. Among three cases of DCM, two scored 1 and one scored 0. 5. The sensitivity and specificity of calcification for IMD were 100% and 81.8%, respectively. II. The following results were obtained in Group B, if IMD was defined as score more than 10. 1. The mean score of three IMD cases was 28 +/- 1.4, and the diagnosis was confirmed by subsequent CAG in two of them. 2. In none of the five N-IMD cases, calcification was recognized. The diagnosis of one case was confirmed by subsequent CAG. 3. The diagnosis was not confirmed in two cases who had score 3. These results indicate that calculated scores based on the severity of coronary artery calcification documented cinefluoroscopically can differentiate IMD from N-IMD both inexpensively and noninvasively. PMID- 3249282 TI - [Serial changes in left ventricular configuration and function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - Fifteen patients, 12 males and three females, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) including three of obstructive type (HOCM) were investigated to observe the long-term course of HCM. Left ventriculography and bi-ventriculography were performed twice serially in all cases. We studied the correlations between the serial ECG changes, especially the negative T wave, and the left ventricular configuration, wall thickness, and left ventricular function. Serial ECG changes included: 1) negativity of the T wave which developed or increased concomitantly with increased voltages of SV1 + RV5 (A-1 group: five cases), 2) the negativity decreased or resolved with decreased voltages of SV1 + RV5 (A-2 group: four cases), and 3) insignificant changes of both T waves and SV1 + RV5 (B group: six cases). In the right oblique views at end-diastole, the configuration of the left ventricle was classified in three forms; (1) spade form (S), (2) round form (R), and (3) intermediate form (SR). The results were as follows: 1. The A-1 group showed increased thickness of the apical and anterior walls, but the thickness of the posterior wall and interventricular septal wall did not change serially. In three cases, the thickness of the interventricular septum showed mild hypertrophy at the initial and final observations. The configuration changed from the R or SR form to the S form. Diastolic dysfunction (peak dV/dt/V, peak dV/dt/EDV) was progressive, but end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction did not change. 2. The A-2 group showed the significantly decreased thickness of the apical and anterior walls. The thicknesses of the posterior wall and interventricular septal wall tended to decrease in all cases. In three cases (75%), the interventricular septal wall was markedly hypertrophied on the initial observation. The configuration changed from the S or SR form to the R form. Left ventricular diastolic function and ejection fraction decreased significantly and end diastolic volume increased. Two cases showed clinical pictures of dilated cardiomyopathy at the final observation. 3. In the B group, there were no marked changes in wall thickness, left ventricular configuration, or systolic and diastolic functions. In conclusion, serial changes in left ventricular configuration, wall thickness, especially of the anterior and apical walls, and left ventricular function were all compatible with the serial changes of the ECG in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3249283 TI - [Comparison of regional contractile dynamics and pathological findings of the left ventricular wall in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - To investigate the relationship between regional contractile dynamics and regional myocardial lesions of the left ventricular wall in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), autopsy findings of 11 patients were compared with their ante mortem echocardiographic findings. The regional systolic wall thickenings (%RWT) of the interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) obtained using M-mode echocardiography were converted into % normalized RWT (%NRWT) by the averaged %RWT in 15 normal subjects. The %NRWT was compared with the wall thickness obtained by echocardiography and/or autopsy, and histological findings, such as the myocardial fibrosis ratio, disarray area ratio, and mean myocyte diameter. 1. There were no significant correlations among wall thickness of the left ventricle, the myocardial fibrosis ratio, the disarray area ratio, and the mean myocyte diameter of each segment. 2. The %NRWT in 22 segments of the 11 patients with HCM was not significantly related to the echocardiographic wall thickness at end-systole, the autopsy wall thickness, the mean myocyte diameter and the disarray area ratio, but that correlated significantly with the echocardiographically-determined wall thickness at end diastole (r = -0.53, p less than 0.02), and with the myocardial fibrosis ratios (r = -0.59, p less than 0.005). 3. The %NRWT in the IVS was significantly less than that in the LVPW. The %NRWT in all segments of the LVPW was significantly related to the myocardial fibrosis ratios (r = -0.80, p less than 0.005), but was not related to the wall thicknesses or the disarray area ratios.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249284 TI - [Right ventricular function in cardiovascular disease evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging]. AB - The usefulness of ECG-gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating right ventricular architecture and function was assessed by measuring right ventricular wall thickness, wall motion, and areas of the right ventricular cavities of seven normal subjects and 46 with cardiac disease, including atrial septal defect (ASD: six cases), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM: 19), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM: eight), and old myocardial infarction (OMI: 13 cases). A superconductive MRI system was used. Transverse images at the level of the tricuspid valve were obtained for measurements. ECG-gated MRI clearly showed the right ventricular myocardium throughout the cardiac cycles and facilitated measuring wall thickness and cross-sectional areas of the right ventricular cavity in all subjects. In normals the mean value and standard deviation of the anterior wall thickness of the right ventricle and the area index of the right ventricular cavity at end diastole were 3.4 +/- 0.7 mm and 10.6 +/- 1 cm2/m2, respectively. The anterior and lateral walls and tricuspid annulus moved inward to the right ventricular cavity in systole, and the excursion of the lateral wall and tricuspid annulus was larger than those of the anterior wall. The interventricular septum (IVS), however, moved outward to the left ventricle in systole. The anterior wall thickness of the right ventricle in patients with HCM was 5.8 +/- 1.4 mm thicker than that of normal subjects. In contrast to normals, the area index of the right ventricular cavity was larger in patients with ASD (18.4 +/- 5.4 cm2/m2) and smaller in patients with HCM (9.1 +/- 1.6 cm2/m2). The IVS moved inward in all patients with ASD and in several patients with HCM. The anterior and lateral wall motion was decreased in patients with ASD and DCM. PMID- 3249285 TI - [Prognosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: echocardiographic and postmortem histopathologic study of 30 patients]. AB - To clarify the influence of cardiac function of myocardial histologic lesions on the prognosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), most recent echocardiographic findings of 30 deceased patients were reviewed. In 12 patients, histological sections from the left ventricular transverse plane made at necropsy were examined. According to the main causes of death, patients were categorized into four groups as sudden death (17 cases), heart failure death (four cases), embolic death (four cases), and non-cardiac death (five cases). 1. Clinically, atrial fibrillation and heart failure (NYHA III, IV) were frequently observed in heart failure and embolic groups. 2. Echocardiographically, left ventricular wall thickness did not differ among the four groups, but percent fractional shortening was significantly smaller in heart failure group than in non-cardiac group, and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and left atrial dimension were significantly greater in heart failure group than in non-cardiac group. The normalized rapid filling rate was less in heart failure, embolic, sudden death and non-cardiac groups in that order. 3. Histopathologically, the mean myocyte diameter (MD) and percent area of disarray (%D) did not differ among the four groups, but % area of massive fibrosis (MF) greater than 2 mm2 was larger in heart failure, embolic, sudden death and non-cardiac groups in that order, especially in heart failure group. 4. Comparison of echocardiographic and histopathological findings: Though MD and %D did not correlate with any echocardiographic indices, %MF correlated significantly with LVDd (r = 0.83, p less than 0.005), and correlated inversely with the normalized rapid filling rate (r = -0.80, p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249287 TI - [The suction signal detected by color Doppler echocardiography in patients with mitral regurgitation: its clinical significance]. AB - The present study clarified the clinical significance of the suction signal- regurgitant signal near the mitral valve in the left ventricle--as obtained by two-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography in patients with mitral regurgitation. The study population consisted of 39 patients with various heart diseases having mitral regurgitation. The presence of a mitral regurgitant signal was determined not only in the left atrium but in the left ventricle using the long-axis view, four-chamber view, and short-axis view. 1. The suction signal was observed in 17 cases; on the posteromedial commissure side in four; the central portion in seven; the anterolateral commissure side in five and the mitral aneurysm portion in one. The site of the suction signal indicated the mitral regurgitant orifice and was useful for identifying the regurgitant orifice particularly in cases with prolapse of the commissural scallop. 2. Left ventriculography was performed in 18 cases and the severity of mitral regurgitation was grade III/IV or IV/IV in seven of eight cases with suction signals and was grade II/IV in the remaining one, while it was grade II/IV or I/IV in all ten cases without the signal. Sensitivity was then 100% and specificity was 91% in diagnosing III/IV or greater regurgitation according to the presence of the suction signal. The left atrial jet distance, width and area in the 17 cases with suction signals were significantly greater than those of 22 cases without the signal (3.3 +/- 1.0 vs 1.9 +/- 0.7 cm, 1.4 +/- 0.7 vs 0.8 +/- 0.4 cm, and 4.2 +/- 2.8 vs 1.3 +/- 1.3 cm2, respectively). Thus, the suction signal in the left ventricle in mitral regurgitation provided useful information concerning not only the identification of a regurgitant orifice, but the grade of mitral regurgitation, as well. PMID- 3249286 TI - [Left and right ventricular diastolic properties in essential hypertension during cold pressor test: noninvasive assessment by pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. AB - The diastolic properties of the left and right ventricles of 17 essential hypertensive patients (HT) without left ventricular hypertrophy and of 12 normotensive subjects were assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography during the cold pressor test (CPT) and after administration of nifedipine (10 mg). The results were as follows: 1. The peak blood flow velocities due to the left and right atrial contractions (ALV, ARV) at rest in the HT group were significantly greater (p less than 0.001) than those in the control group. The ratios of peak velocities due to atrial contraction and rapid filling of each ventricle (A/R) in the HT group were significantly increased (p less than 0.001) compared with those of the controls. 2. The peak rapid filling flow velocity of each ventricle during cold pressor test in the HT group was significantly less and the A/R of each ventricle was significantly (p less than 0.001) greater compared to those at rest. 3. Diastolic indices and systolic blood pressure did not change significantly after administration of nifedipine at rest or during cold pressor test. These results indicate that abnormal diastolic properties of the left and right ventricles are further deteriorated by increasing afterload. PMID- 3249288 TI - [Natural history of primary pulmonary hypertension elucidated by pulmonary hemodynamics]. AB - The present study was undertaken to clarify the natural history of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) from a hemodynamic point of view. The subjects consisted of 83 patients (18 men and 65 women), whose ages ranged from 14 to 69 years and averaged 33 years. They were contacted through a nationwide survey. All patients underwent right-sided cardiac catheterization; cardiac output was measured in 52 patients and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, in 40 patients. The following results were obtained. 1. The patients who died within three months of their cardiac catheterization were in severe right ventricular failure as shown by their elevated right atrial pressures and decreased cardiac indices. 2. The patients who died suddenly within two years of their cardiac catheterization had the same degree of right ventricular failure. The only difference was severe hypoxia in the patients with cardiac failure (54 +/- 21 vs 66 +/- 4 mmHg, p less than 0.05). 3. The patients who survived more than two years had normal right ventricular function. 4. Among the hemodynamic variables used to estimate prognosis; namely, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance ratio, the cardiac index was the best predictor of prognosis. PMID- 3249289 TI - [Acute changes in hematocrit: their effect on flows in the great arteries of newborns]. AB - To study the effect of acute hematocrit changes on the central circulation of human neonates, pulsed Doppler echocardiography was performed to evaluate flow velocities in the main pulmonary artery (PA) and the ascending aorta (Ao) five and seven hours of age in 16 polycythemic neonates (mean hematocrit of 68.1%), and in 12 normal neonates (mean hematocrit of 57.1%). All the polycythemic neonates were asymptomatic and underwent isovolumic partial exchange transfusion between five and seven hours of age to lower their mean hematocrit to 51.3%. Flow velocity integral per min (FVI/min) (cm/min), acceleration time (AT) (ms), and the ratio of pre-ejection period to ejection time (PEP/ET) were measured on the PA and Ao flow velocity tracings. Despite the significant differences in hematocrit, no significant difference was observed in any of their flow velocity indices at five hours age between the normal and polycythemic neonates. All flow velocity indices remained unchanged between five and seven hours of age in normal neonates. In polycythemic neonates, PA FVI/min and Ao FVI/min increased significantly between five and seven hours of age, reflecting increases in flow in both great arteries, while the difference between Ao FVI/min and PA FVI/min decreased, suggesting a reduction in a left-to-right shunt via the ductus arteriosus. Moreover, PA-AT increased and PA-PEP/ET decreased significantly, suggesting a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance. These changes caused by an acute decrease in hematocrit resembled the changes in the central circulation previously reported to occur in normal neonates during the postnatal period. In conclusion, an acute decrease in hematocrit transiently accelerates physiological changes in the central circulation during the neonatal period. PMID- 3249290 TI - [Venous flow velocity patterns and cardiac function studied by Doppler echocardiography]. AB - To study the relations of central venous flow velocity (VFV) to cardiac pump function, hepatic venous flow velocity was recorded using Doppler echocardiography in six normal subjects and 47 patients with heart disease, of whom 28 had sinus rhythm and 19, atrial fibrillation. The area under the VFV profile during systole and diastole in a cardiac cycle was computed, and termed the VIs (systolic time-velocity integral) and VId (diastolic time-velocity integral), respectively. VIs was divided by the sum of VIs and VId [VIs/(VIs + VId)], and this was termed the VI ratio. The cardiac index (CI) was estimated by Doppler echocardiography. In normal subjects, the VFV pattern in a cardiac cycle was biphasic, the systolic VFV being dominant. In patients with atrial fibrillation, the systolic VFV was attenuated or absent, the diastolic VFV being dominant. The CI correlated well with the VI ratio (r = 0.80; p less than .001) in 14 patients with atrial fibrillation except for five patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Four patients in whom atrial fibrillation converted spontaneously to sinus rhythm showed an increase in the CI and the VI ratio according to the CI VI ratio relationship. In patients with sinus rhythm, the CI tended to decrease as the VI ratio increased. In 15 patients who had a VI ratio of over 0.75, the CI correlated inversely with the VI ratio (r = -0.70; p less than 0.01). Three of four patients who had the VI ratio of 1.0 died of congestive heart failure. Although there was positive correlation between the CI and VI ratio in patients without effective atrial contraction, there was inverse correlation in patients with effective atrial contraction. It is suggested that the VI ratio could be a good indicator of cardiac pump function. PMID- 3249291 TI - Diastolic left ventricular function in normal children: the maximal positive dD/dt compared with the E/A ratio of mitral flow pattern. AB - The normal values for left ventricular diastolic function in children are influenced by numerous factors. As an index of this function, the maximum velocity of left ventricular internal dimension expansion (+ max dD/dt) was calculated from M-mode echocardiography for 33 normal persons who ranged in age from seven days to 18 years. This index showed a linear correlation with left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in the resting state. This index was compared with the E/A ratio which is ordinarily used as the diastolic functional index for children. Considering changes in physical development during childhood, both indices showed similar trends in relation to body surface area. The E/A ratio was strongly influenced by heart rate, but + max dD/dt was not. This was the major difference between two indices. PMID- 3249292 TI - [Left ventricular systolic blood flow dynamics and left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in atrial fibrillation]. AB - We have already reported that, in atrial fibrillation (Af) "back flow" in the left ventricular (LV) central or apical area may occur in the cardiac cycle with a short preceding R-R interval, especially in cases with impaired LV pump function. This abnormal flow was considered to be caused by LV asynchrony. Analysis of LV wall motion abnormalities, however, is a less established procedure. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationship between LV blood flow dynamics and LV wall motion using pulsed Doppler echocardiography and left ventriculography. The results were as follows: 1. In seven of 15 cases "back flow" was observed in the LV central or apical area. 2. On left ventriculography in the seven cases, the apical area showed a backward movement in a longitudinal direction in the cardiac cycle with a short preceding R-R interval. 3. The % shortening of the long-axis dimension was significantly decreased in the seven cases with back flow, and three of them had negative values. 4. Ejection fractions (EF) of both the apical and basal halves were significantly decreased in cases with back flow, and the difference in the ejection rate of the apical and basal halves tended to decrease in cases with back flow. 5. LVEF was also significantly decreased in the cases with back flow. These results indicate that left ventricular "back flow" observed in Af is caused by the LV asynchrony due to localized wall motion abnormalities in the apical area. PMID- 3249293 TI - [Atrial septal defect diagnosed and quantitatively-evaluated by transesophageal two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography]. AB - Transesophageal two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography (TEE: horizontal sector scan) combined with the pulsed Doppler method was performed to determine the size of atrial septal defect (ASD) and to measure directly shunt flow signals through the defects in six ASD patients (32 +/- 16 yrs) confirmed by cardiac catheterization. The size of the defect in the horizontal dimension was measured by TEE; the vertical dimension of the defect was determined from the distance of the transesophageal probe positions of the rostral and caudal margins of the defect. The size of defect determined by TEE was compared with that observed at surgery. Shunt flow signals were recorded by the pulsed Doppler technique by setting the sample volume at the center of the defect. Left-to-right shunt flow was determined as follows: shunt flow volume (ml/min) = mean velocity (cm/s) x the area of a defect (cm2) x 60. The shunt flow was compared with that obtained by the Fick's method. In all patients, TEE accomplished unequivocal visualization of a defect. The defect sizes by TEE correlated well with measurements obtained at surgery (r = 0.66). A clear laminar shunt flow with its peak in late systole and atrial systole was observed. Significant correlations were obtained between shunt volumes by TEE and those by the Fick's method (r = 0.91, p less than 0.05). Thus, TEE proved a useful method for diagnosing ASD and for evaluating shunt flow volumes. PMID- 3249294 TI - [Assessment of pulmonary blood flow after total cavopulmonary shunt operation and the modified Fontan procedure for univentricular heart]. AB - Pulsed Doppler echocardiography was utilized to elucidate the characteristics of pulmonary arterial (PA) blood flow in five patients without apparent pumping chambers in their right heart circulation after right heart bypass surgery for univentricular heart. Two of these patients underwent total cavopulmonary shunt operation, in which the total systemic venous return drained directly into the PA, bypassing the right atrium and ventricle. Three underwent the modified Fontan procedure with atrial partition, in which the right-sided atrium was reconstructed merely as a pathway from the vena cava to the PA, and atrial contraction was nearly entirely excluded. The flow pattern in the PA was biphasic and forward in all five patients. Pulmonary regurgitation was not observed in any of the patients. The first phase of PA flow had its peak during atrial systole; the second, during ventricular systole. Simultaneous observation of PA flow and pressures demonstrated an inverse relation between PA flow and pressure. Pulmonary venous (PV) blood flow pattern was also biphasic and similar to the PA blood flow pattern with time lags. In conclusion, in cases without pumping right heart chambers, PA flow reflects PV flow resulting from contraction and relaxation of the left atrium and ventricle. PMID- 3249295 TI - Behcet's disease associated with aortic and mitral regurgitation: report of two cases. AB - Two rare cases of complicating valvular lesions in Behcet's disease are reported. Case 1: A 45-year-old man with combined aortic and mitral regurgitation had perforation of both valves. Six months after aortic valve replacement (AVR) and mitral valvuloplasty, an aortic paravalvular leak developed again, and was treated by surgery using an artificial graft with a prosthetic aortic valve. Case 2: A 40-year-old man with congestive heart failure and inflammatory signs had aortic and mitral regurgitation. Although cardiac medications for heart failure and treatment with methylprednisolone were started, he eventually had successful aortic valve replacement. Valvular disease complicating Behcet's disease is rare; only 15 cases, including our two, have so far been reported. Its rarity is partly because Behcet's disease predominantly involves the venous system, not the arterial system. PMID- 3249296 TI - [Regression of giant negative T waves in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: cases simulating either dilated cardiomyopathy or severe coronary artery stenosis]. AB - Two cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), in whom giant negative T waves resolved during 10 years, are reported. Case 1: A 33-year-old man was admitted in 1975 for careful evaluation because of an ECG abnormality. The ECG revealed a giant negative T wave (GNT) in V5 (-15 mm) and high voltage (SV1 + RV5 = 81 mm). The thickness of the apical wall was 18 mm; the anterior wall, 12 mm; the posterior wall, 16 mm; and the interventricular septum, 17 mm on the left ventriculogram and biventriculogram. The coronary angiogram was normal. From these data, this patient was diagnosed as having HCM. However, follow-up studies disclosed resolution of the GNT with decreased high voltage (SV1 + RV5 = 26 mm). The catheterization performed in 1985 showed a decrease of wall thickness: the apical wall to 10 mm; the anterior wall, 9 mm; the posterior wall, 14 mm; and the interventricular septum, 14 mm. Ejection fraction was markedly decreased from 79.8% to 27.1%, and the wall motion was generally reduced. The coronary angiogram was normal. These findings resemble the clinical pictures of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Case 2: A 58-year-old man was admitted in 1974 because of easy fatiguability. His ECG revealed a GNT in V4 (-10 mm) and high voltage (SV1 + RV5 = 75 mm). The patient was diagnosed as having HCM by cardiac catheterization, right ventricular biopsy and other procedures. In 1985, the depth of the GNT and the voltage of SV1 + RV5 regressed significantly (SV1 + RV5 = 26 mm). The thickness of the apical wall was, 12 mm; the anterior wall, 19 mm; the posterior wall, 13 mm; and the interventricular septum 14 mm during recatheterization. Coronary angiography disclosed stenoses of the left main trunk (75%), the left anterior descending artery (99%) and the left circumflex artery (50%). The right coronary artery was totally occluded. In conclusion, these two cases of HCM had similar changes in their ECG during long-term follow-up studies, but the process was different. One case finally showed clinical pictures of DCM; the other, severe coronary stenoses. These suggested that blood flow to the myocardium is an important determinant for the development of clinical features simulating DCM in cases with HCM. PMID- 3249297 TI - [Studies on inhibition mechanism of autoxidation by tannins and flavonoids. III. Inhibition mechanism of tannins isolated from medicinal plants and related compounds on autoxidation of methyl linoleate]. PMID- 3249298 TI - [Screening test for platelet aggregation inhibitor in natural products. The active principle of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma]. PMID- 3249299 TI - [Saponin and sapogenol. XLIV. Soyasaponin composition in soybeans of various origins and soyasaponin content in various organs of soybean. Structure of soyasaponin V from soybean hypocotyl]. PMID- 3249300 TI - [Effects of iridoids on sex- and learning-behaviours in chronic stressed mice]. PMID- 3249301 TI - To your health: smoking & high blood pressure: double trouble. PMID- 3249302 TI - Your role in risk management: the doctor/patient relationship. PMID- 3249303 TI - [Positive cross-adaptation between endurance physical training and general cold tolerance to acute cold exposure in rats]. AB - This investigation suggested that a series of endurance physical training in rats could cause an improved cold tolerance in rats. The warm-acclimated control group was kept in a thermally neutral environment (25 +/- 1 degrees C). The trained group was subjected to forced physical training on a treadmill, exercising once 1 hour daily, and five times per week for the periods of 3 to 13 weeks. The cold acclimated group was exposed to an ambient temperature of 5.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C for 12 weeks. Improved endurance physical fitness was suggested by a cardiac hypertrophy. The positive correlation was shown between the amount or intensity of training and the enhanced thermogenesis to acute cold exposure. However, no effect of endurance training was observed on the metabolic responses to noradrenaline and adrenaline. It was inferred that the acute cold exposure caused greater utilization of blood glucose in the trained rats than in the warm controls, but did not FFA in the latter. The increases in oxygen consumption and colonic temperature were caused by hexamethonium injection during cold exposure in the trained rats, but not in the warm and cold-acclimated rats. The increased metabolic rate to acute cold exposure was improved by the prolonged physical training. The development of greater metabolic rate during acute cold exposure in the trained rats was indicated to be associated with increased noradrenaline and adrenaline-independent non-shivering thermogenesises as well as enhanced resting metabolic rate at 25 degrees C ambient temperature. PMID- 3249304 TI - Effects of the Ca-antagonist nicardipine on K+ currents and Na+-Ca2+ exchange in frog atrial fibres. AB - This paper concerns the specificity of nicardipine, a calcium antagonist from the dihydropyridine class which is used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. It is well established that in cardiac cells dihydropyridines inhibit the calcium current (Isi) and the correlated phasic tension. In this study we demonstrate that nicardipine, in the concentration range which blocks Isi (KD = 1 microM) also decreases the amplitude of the potassium-delayed current (KD = 3 microM) in frog atrial fibres. Moreover, tonic tension, which has been reported to be directly dependent on the Na+-Ca2+ exchange, was also reduced by nicardipine and the time course of the onset of both contraction and relaxation was significantly slowed. These results indicate that on depolarized membranes, dihydropyridines probably affect voltage-dependent mechanisms with a high threshold of activation that are unrelated to Ca2+ channels, such as potassium-delayed current and Na+ Ca2+ exchange. PMID- 3249305 TI - Relationships between pre-ischemic ATP and glycogen content and post-ischemic recovery of rat heart. AB - The effect of depletion of energy stores of rat hearts on their resistance to a total of 25 min ischemia was investigated by using a 31P-NMR method. Three experimental groups were compared: (1) pyruvate-perfused hearts depleted of adenine nucleotides (35% of normal) by 2-deoxyglucose (DG) treatment and containing deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (c. 40 mumol/g dry wt); (2) hearts partially depleted of glycogen stores (40 to 50% of initial) by long-term (2h) perfusion with pyruvate; (3) glucose perfused (11 nM) hearts with normal ATP and glycogen contents. By the end of ischemia the intracellular pH was decreased by 0.33, 0.90 and 1.40 units, respectively. Time to peak of ischemic contracture increased in this series from 3 to 18 and 24 min, respectively. At the peak of ischemic contracture ATP content was c. 30 to 40% (6 to 8 mumol/g dry wt) of normal value in all three groups. Reperfusion of hearts resulted in development of significant reperfusion contracture in glucose-perfused hearts and minor contracture in other series. Recovery of high energy phosphates and cardiac work index in DG-treated, glycogen-depleted and glucose-perfused hearts were: for phosphocreatine (PCr), 72, 102 and 83%; for ATP, 29, 47 and 56% and for cardiac work, 66, 78 and 24%, respectively. Recovery of cardiac work did not correlate linearly with tissue ATP. These data demonstrate that post-ischemic recovery of the contractile function of isovolumic heart may be dissociated from pre-ischemic myocardial ATP and glycogen contents. This dissociation can be explained by the two major factors: (1) the contribution of ischemic acidosis and catabolites accumulation to the cell damage and (2) by ATP compartmentation. PMID- 3249306 TI - Abnormal electrical activity induced by free radical generating systems in isolated cardiocytes. AB - Oxygen free radicals may participate in a variety of pathological cardiac conditions which are associated with an increased incidence of arrhythmias. However, evidence that free radicals per se can alter the electrical function of the myocardium is not convincing. Physiological solutions containing 3 mM dihydroxyfumaric acid (DHF), a compound known to generate free radicals, were superfused over calcium-tolerant cells isolated from the adult canine ventricle. The time course for changes in transmembrane action potentials was monitored using conventional microelectrode techniques. Changes were observed which could be conveniently segregated into three stages. Initially during superfusion with DHF, the voltage of the action potential plateau became more positive and the action potential duration increased (stage 1). Continued superfusion was associated with the development of both early and delayed afterdepolarizations (stage 2), which occasionally produced triggered beats. Subsequently, some cells failed to repolarize beyond -40 mV following an action potential upstroke. In cells which maintained normal levels of resting membrane potential, early and delayed afterdepolarizations ceased concomitant with the development of an increasingly more negative plateau voltage. Action potential duration decreased and plateau potential "collapsed", eventually merging with the resting level of the membrane potential. Resting membrane potential then gradually depolarized to less than -40 mV and all cells became inexcitable within 6 to 20 min (stages 3). Exposure of cells to xanthine (2 mM): xanthine oxidase (0.01 U/ml), another system known to generate free radicals, produced similar results. Superfusion with DHF solutions containing either superoxide dismutase or catalase delayed the appearance and attenuated the development of the changes in the cardiocyte action potential. The results demonstrate that isolated cardiocytes exposed to free radical generating solutions can undergo changes in their electrophysiological activity that resemble those said to underlie disturbances of cardiac rate and rhythm in the clinical setting. PMID- 3249307 TI - Myocardial performance and free energy of ATP-hydrolysis in isolated rat hearts during graded hypoxia, reoxygenation and high Ke+-perfusion. AB - The effects of graded hypoxia, graded reoxygenation after anoxic perfusion and of different extracellular K+-concentrations on cardiac energy metabolism and performance were studied in isolated, perfused, electrically paced rat hearts. Graded hypoxia was induced by different oxygen partial pressure (PO2: 736 to 43 mmHg, nine intermediate steps; O2 supply: (AVD*CF): 300 to 21 microliters/g*min) in perfusate for 3 min, thus leading to different levels of relative mechanical steady state. Evaluated free energy change of ATP-hydrolysis (dG/d zeta) decreased largely in parallel with peak systolic pressure (Psyst) and systolic dP/dtmax, whereas diastolic dP/dtmin declined already to lowest values with moderate hypoxia. For regular beats and beats potentiated by paired stimulation the same relationships were found. Complete reoxygenation of hearts perfused anoxically beforehand (10 or 30 min, PO2 less than 6 mmHg), restored Psyst and dG/d zeta completely. Graded reoxygenation from different levels of hypoxia resulted in restitution of dG/d zeta and Psyst to the same levels as in graded hypoxia. The inotropic effect of paired stimulation was moderately reduced. Cytosolic Pi-levels remained increased during partial reoxygenation and exhibited no distinct relationship with mechanical performance. High extracellular K+ (13.5 mM) resulted in increased Psyst and elevated dG/d zeta-levels. Cardiac failure during graded hypoxia and high K+ occurred at comparatively high dG/d zeta levels. Reoxygenation with high K+, led to recovery of dG/d zeta levels but not of Psyst values. According to the results obtained in early hypoxic failure free energy dependence of Na+/K+-ATPase is of minor relevance whereas free energy dependence of sarcoplasmic Ca2+ regulating processes appears to be important. PMID- 3249308 TI - The effects of traumatic brain injury on regional cerebral blood flow in rats. AB - Alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are among the most important secondary pathophysiologic consequences of traumatic brain injury. The present study compared CBF in control rats (n = 20) and in rats that received a calibrated experimental traumatic brain injury (n = 17). The traumatized rats were anesthetized with ketamine (25 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg), and prepared for fluid percussion injury (FPI). Twenty-four hours later, the rats were anesthetized with 1% halothane in nitrous oxide-oxygen (70:30) and the left atrium was catheterized via a thoroacotomy. The atrial cannula was used to inject 15 microns radiolabeled microspheres to measure CBF. Following surgery, the concentration of halothane was reduced to 0.5% and the rats were paralyzed with pancuronium bromide (0.1 mg/kg). Thirty minutes later, baseline microsphere determinations were made, and the rats were injured (2.47 +/- 0.08 atm). Each rat received additional injections of microspheres at two of the following four times (T): 5, 15, 30, and 60 min after the brain injury. The procedures for the control group rats were the same as described above except that the rats were not subjected to the craniotomy and the FPI. The traumatized group exhibited heterogeneous decreases in CBF following trauma. Global CBF in this group was 78% (p less than 0.01), 64% (p less than 0.05), 52% (p less than 0.001) of those in the control group at T5, 15, 30, and 60, respectively. In rats, the most prominent cerebral circulatory changes following fluid percussion injury were early reductions of CBF and an increasingly heterogeneous CBF pattern. Hemorrhage, edema, and elevated prostagandin levels are mechanisms that may contribute to these changes. PMID- 3249309 TI - Experimental traumatic brain injury elevates brain prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 levels in rats. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) levels were measured in rats following experimental traumatic brain injury. Rats (n = 36) were prepared for fluid percussion brain injury under pentobarbital anesthesia. Twenty-four hours later, rats were lightly anesthetized using methoxyflurane, injured (2.3 atm), and killed 5 or 15 min later. Twelve of the rats died before and are not included in the analyses. The following groups were used for data analysis: group I (n = 6) were sham-injured rats prepared for injury but not injured: group II (n = 6) were injured and killed 5 min later; group III (n = 12) were injured and killed 15 min posttrauma. Thirty seconds prior to sacrifice by decapitation into liquid nitrogen, all rats were injected with indomethacin (3 mg/kg, intravenously [IV]) to prevent postmortem PG synthesis. After sacrifice, brains were removed, weighed, and homogenized in a small quantity of phosphate buffer with indomethacin (50 micrograms/ml). PGE2 and TxB2 levels were determined using double-label radioimmunoassays. Posttraumatic convulsions were observed in 5 of 12 rats in group III and these rats were analyzed separately. PGE2 and TxB2 levels increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in both hemisphere and brainstem 5 min posttrauma. Fifteen minutes after injury, both PGE2 and TxB2 levels remained elevated but the levels were lower than at 5 min in the rats that did not exhibit posttraumatic seizures. This decrease in PG levels at 15 min was not observed in the rats that had seizures after injury and both PGE2 and TxB2 levels remained high in hemispheres and brainstem. Thus, fluid percussion brain injury results in substantial elevations in PGE2 and TxB2 levels and posttraumatic seizures exacerbate the observed increases. PMID- 3249311 TI - AIDS: a study in fear and panic. PMID- 3249310 TI - Changes in cellular bioenergetic state following graded traumatic brain injury in rats: determination by phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) was used to study noninvasively the intracellular free Mg2+ concentration and cellular bioenergetic state of rat brain in vivo before and after fluid percussion-induced traumatic brain injury of graded severity. Brain injury was induced at four levels: low (1.0 +/- 0.5 atm); moderate (2.1 +/- 0.4 atm); high (3.9 +/- 0.9 atm); and severe (5.9 +/- 0.7 atm). Prior to injury, mean intracellular values for all groups (n = 24; mean +/- SE) were as follows: pH = 7.11 +/- 0.03; free [Mg2+] = 0.99 +/- 0.07 mM; cytosolic [ADP] = 25.2 +/- 0.8 nmol/g wet weight; cytosolic [AMP] = 0.29 +/- 0.02 nmol/g wet weight; cytosolic phosphorylation potential = 118.5 +/- 3.1 X 10(3) M-1; free energy of ATP hydrolysis = 62.11 +/- 0.04 kJ/mole; and energy charge = 0.99 +/- 0.01. Following every level of injury, there were decreases in intracellular free Mg2+ concentration, and alterations in the intracellular pH. These posttraumatic changes in Mg2+ and pH induced shifts in the equilibrium constants of the creatine kinase, adenylate kinase, and ATPase reactions, resulting in alterations in [ADP], [AMP], cytosolic phosphorylation potential, and free energy of hydrolysis, but not in the energy charge. The alterations in cytosolic phosphorylation potential following trauma were linearly correlated with the changes in intracellular free Mg2+ concentration. None of the individual bioenergetic parameters could be correlated with the severity of injury over the entire injury range; however, an association between cytosolic phosphorylation potential and reversibility of injury was apparent. These results suggest that reductions in cellular bioenergetic state following traumatic brain injury occur through a posttraumatic decrease in the cells' capacity for oxidative phosphorylation, which itself may be directly related to the intracellular free Mg2+ concentration. PMID- 3249313 TI - Scintigraphic evidence for relief of airways obstruction in cystic fibrosis. AB - A simple scheme for quantifying lung perfusion scintigrams was developed to evaluate the efficacy of a therapeutic regimen for the relief of airways obstruction in cystic fibrosis patients. Ten hospitalized patients were given conventional therapy including administration of intravenous antibiotics, mucolytic aerosols, chest physical therapy, and adequate nutrition and hydration as adjuncts to a single bronchoscopic bronchial washing procedure. Quantitative scoring of the lung scintigram was based upon the severity of the perfusion defects in equivalent upper and lower lung fields, as viewed from right and left posterior oblique projections. Seven to ten days following bronchoscopic washing, scintigraphic scores were found to correlate with changes in both the forced vital capacity and the one-second, time forced expiratory volume (r = 0.78, 0.70, respectively; P <.05). The severity of defective lung perfusion indicated the loss of lung volume and perfusion due to airways obstruction and secondary hypoxic vasoconstriction. Chest radiography was less reflective of improvement than lung scintigraphy. It was concluded that serial pulmonary perfusion scintigrams provide a sensitive tool for evaluating the relief of airways obstruction in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3249312 TI - The need for a do-not-resuscitate policy in a public city hospital. AB - Data were collected over a six-month period from in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) patients (aged 18 years and older) who were admitted to a public hospital. The sample population was mostly male (55.4 percent), primarily black (90.6 percent), with a mean age of 61 years. Medical expenses for these patients were largely covered by public funds or medical charities, reflecting the predominately low socioeconomic status of the population. The proportion of patients discharged alive after in-hospital CPR was 6.1 percent. The CPR sample contains a large proportion of patients in the terminal phase of diseases such as metastatic cancer, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and end-stage liver disease. Chart reviews revealed that do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders were not presented as a therapeutic option to either patient or family in the majority of instances. These findings indicate a need to develop standards and strategies for decision making about the use of CPR specific to this population. PMID- 3249315 TI - An ethnomedical analysis of hypertension among Detroit Afro-Americans. AB - To analyze Afro-American ethnomedical beliefs and practices concerning disease and health care, the author investigated the health-care-seeking behavior among 285 Afro-Americans and 178 Euro-Americans in the Detroit metropolitan area with respect to hypertension. Hypertension was chosen because more than 60 million individuals in the United States have elevated blood pressure (140/90 mmHg or greater).QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DATA REVEALED FIVE THEMES ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION: (1) degree of activity and responsibility, (2) individual and familial moral strength, (3) naturalistic causation, (4) family, folk, or personal care, and (5) physical and spiritual balance. In addition to these ethnohealth and ethnocaring modes, the decisive sociocultural factors in the utilization of the health screening were (1) the health beliefs of the extended lay network, (2) the type of health facility, (3) the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of Detroiters from 1910 to the present, and (4) the adherence to traditional Afro-American cultural beliefs. Once health care professionals recognize the multitude of factors that affect health-care-seeking behavior among Afro-Americans, many health care issues can be resolved. PMID- 3249314 TI - An assessment of a premedical program in terms of its ability to serve black Americans. AB - If special programs to increase the number of blacks gaining entry into health professional schools can identify whom they best serve, changes in either the selection process or the curriculum can increase their effectiveness. As one part of an evaluation of the effectiveness of the various components of the prehealth professions program at Xavier University of Louisiana (XU), black freshmen entering the university from 1981 to 1983 in the university's premedical program were tracked to determine who gained entry into medical and related mainline health professional schools upon graduation.The analyses indicate that high ability black freshmen entering Xavier are more than twice as likely to gain admission into medical school than are their black counterparts nationally, and that this difference is statistically significant beyond the 99 percent level. Fifty-seven percent of high-ability black freshmen (those with American College Testing [ACT] composite scores of 24 or above, the top 2 percent of blacks nationally) who entered XU's biology or chemistry programs during the period under study gained entry into medical school upon graduation, whereas a study by the Educational Testing Service indicates that only 24 percent of similar blacks nationally gain entry into any graduate or professional school.The present study suggests that XU's premedical program serves those blacks who are not in the high ability group (those whose ACT scores are below 24) at least as well (relative to the national average) as it does the top students. It therefore seems reasonable to assume that XU's premedical program is successful because it increases the probability that students gain admission into health professional schools rather than because of any preselection of students. These results are similar to those obtained from a comparable analysis of XU's prepharmacy program, the other component of prehealth at Xavier. PMID- 3249316 TI - Decreased morbidity and increased survival in cervical cancer treatment. AB - Thirty-seven patients with previously untreated invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages IB to IVA, were treated with 4,000 rad external beam radiotherapy (EXRT) to midplane, followed by two intracavitary endocurietherapy (ECT) applications of 2,500 rad each to point "A" using a Kumar applicator, for a total dose of 9,000 rad. The major complication rate was 2.7 percent, and the local control rate was 85 percent (22/26 patients) for stages IB and II, and 91 percent (10/11 patients) for stages III and IVA. The three-year uncorrected observed actuarial survival was 80.3 percent for stages IB and II, and 81.8 percent for stages III and IVA. The three-year adjusted actuarial survival rate was 95.2 percent for stages IB and II, and 90.5 percent for stages III and IVA. PMID- 3249317 TI - Black American attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation. AB - One hundred eleven black Americans were surveyed on various issues related to organ donation. The majority of respondents were indecisive on key issues, suggesting a lack of sufficient knowledge of and exposure to the many aspects of this procedure. Many of the individuals surveyed were familiar with the urgent need for transplantable organs, although most were unaware of the even more critical need for transplantable organs from the black population.Less than one third of the respondents stated that they would either be willing to donate their own organs or those of a relative. Even fewer would be willing to donate the organs of a child or an incompetent.The study group favored making donated organs available to individuals with the greatest need rather than reserving them for members of specific groups. Most indicated they would be willing to "share" organs donated by US citizens with noncitizens. The overwhelming majority objected to the commercialization of organs. In selecting recipients for organs, respondents accorded the highest priority to medical need and to those recipients who have spent the greatest time on waiting lists. Ability to pay was rejected as an appropriate criterion.The results of this survey made clear the need for educating blacks on issues related to organ donation and to improve channels of communication between the transplant community and the black population. PMID- 3249318 TI - Status of dental health in black and white Americans. AB - The status of dental health in the American population has significantly improved during the past 15 years. The prevalence of dental diseases is similar in children when racial comparisons are made. However, the dental treatment needs are greater and much more severe in both black adults and black children. The most recent national dental survey included employed adults only. Therefore, true differences between races may be even more marked when jobless adults are included. This omission is especially significant for blacks, where unemployment rates are twice those of whites, and this subgroup has not been included in the most recent national survey. PMID- 3249320 TI - Health and social issues: the National Medical Association's commitment. PMID- 3249319 TI - Anomalous coronary artery originating from the left anterior descending artery and ending in a blind aneurysm. AB - To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of an anomalous coronary artery originating from the left anterior descending artery and ending in a blind aneurysm. PMID- 3249321 TI - AIDS in the black community: public health implications. AB - As of the end of September 1988, 16,600 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported in New York City, including 5,248 cases among blacks, 32 percent of the total. Of these, 4,220 (80 percent of adults) are men, 1,028 (19 percent of adults) are women, and 195 are children.The major source of the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection within the black community is the intravenous (IV) drug user. Half of New York City's 200,000 IV drug users are estimated to be black; almost half of the women infected with AIDS through sexual contact with IV drug users are black. Every option for breaking the AIDS-IV drug abuser connection must be explored.AIDS among blacks is especially charged with the potential for discrimination or widespread backlash. AIDS education efforts must be increased, and legislation to protect against unauthorized disclosures of confidential health records must be supported. Comprehensive education programs must destigmatize AIDS among health care workers.To keep up with the epidemic, a national prevention strategy must consist of a massive national public health education program; voluntary, confidential counseling and HIV antibody testing expanded into every public and private clinical facility; and major efforts to curtail AIDS transmission by the IV drug user. PMID- 3249322 TI - Sarcoidosis in the United States--1968 to 1984. Hospitalization and death. AB - In order to provide national data on the epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the United States, data from the National Center for Health Statistics were examined for the period 1968 to 1984. Sarcoidosis appeared among the diagnoses of over 20,000 hospital discharges in recent years. It was mentioned on 605 death certificates in 1982, and as underlying cause of death on 339.In blacks, rates of hospital discharge with the diagnosis were eight times those of whites in 1981, and death rates were 20 times those of whites at ages 15 to 44 years. Women had higher rates than men. Both hospitalization and mortality data may give distorted pictures of this frequently mild or asymptomatic condition. Furthermore, no information was available on the percentage of diagnoses confirmed by biopsy, or on severity of disease in hospitalized patients.Race-specific hospital discharge rates must be interpreted with caution in this survey. Nevertheless, patterns were generally consistent with studies of prevalence and incidence. Further descriptive and analytic studies of the epidemiology of sarcoidosis are needed to help identify modifiable risk factors and possible causes. PMID- 3249323 TI - Failure of the cold pressor test to predict hypertension in black physicians: the Meharry Cohort Study. AB - As part of a longitudinal study of precursors for hypertension and atherosclerosis in a cohort of 315 black physicians, the predictive values of cold pressor reactivity were assessed. At initial evaluation, cold pressor tests were performed on all members of the cohort. At the 23- to 30- year follow-up, the participants were again examined and tho cumulative incidence of hypertension was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curves in relationship to cold pressor reactivity. The relationship between follow-up hypertension status and baseline cold pressor reactivity was also examined in a logistic regression analysis in which other potential confounders were controlled.The cold pressor test had no value in predicting the occurrence of primary hypertension. PMID- 3249324 TI - Sexual victimization of boys: an ongoing study of an adolescent medicine clinic population. AB - An ongoing clinical research project on sexual victimization of boys was begun in 1982. The study population is boys aged 12 to 21 years attending an adolescent medicine clinic for reasons other than having been sexually abused. More recently, comparison populations have been obtained from a sexual abuse clinic, from an adolescent medicine clinic for girls, and from a group of adolescent sexual offenders. PMID- 3249326 TI - Recalcification time in breast disease. AB - Hypercoagulability in malignant disease can be attributed, in part, to excess generation of tissue factor (thromboplastin) by the monocyte. Incubation of anticoagulated venous blood with endotoxin (a cellular activator) enables the generation of tissue factor by monocytes. The quantity of this procoagulant generated is determined by a simple recalcification time (a marker for cellular activation). Individuals with breast cancer have significantly shorter endotoxin activated recalcification times than patients with cystic hyperplasia, who have, in turn, significantly reduced recalcification times when compared with those of healthy volunteers. PMID- 3249325 TI - Prevalence of IgA and IgG antichlamydial antibodies in women in the third trimester of pregnancy. AB - The prevalence of serum antichlamydial IgA and IgG antibodies was investigated by screening 77 randomly selected patients who were in the third trimester of pregnancy. An indirect immunoperoxidase assay that quantitates IgA and IgG was used for screening. Twenty-five women had both IgA and IgG antibodies; an additional ten women had only IgG antibodies. These findings suggest that greater than 45 percent of pregnant women tested had been exposed to Chlamydia trachomatis, and more than 32 percent had evidence of active infection. PMID- 3249327 TI - Filling defects of the kidney pelvis. AB - Filling defects in the renal pelvis should alert radiologists to the possibility of underlying tuberculosis. A case is presented with the major criteria used in differentiating tuberculosis from a neoplasm. PMID- 3249328 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of an adult with the Dandy-Walker syndrome. AB - A 30-year-old retired veteran was asymptomatic for two decades; he had carried out normal everyday living activities and was self-supporting. It was not until he was struck by an automobile, which resulted in head trauma, that the Dandy Walker syndrome was incidentally discovered by computed tomography. Most patients with the Dandy-Walker syndrome or malformation are infants and seldom live into adulthood. Therefore, this patient is one of the very few patients with this malformation who remained in a state of cerebrospinal fluid compensation and lived to adulthood.The head trauma he received in the accident is believed to have activated neurological deficits, visual impairment, and diplopia. Although magnetic resonance imaging revealed severe hydrocephalus and lobar holoprosencephaly, the patient had no symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and no craniofacial deformities except for macrocephaly, and was capable of performing everyday living activities adequately. PMID- 3249329 TI - The Hispanic health challenge. PMID- 3249330 TI - Black health care. PMID- 3249331 TI - Status of patients seven years after completion of the hypertension detection and follow-up program in Evans County, Georgia. AB - The Evans County, Georgia, cohort of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) was reexamined seven years after termination of the trial in 1979. Of the 510 survivors, 91 percent of the black and 91 percent of the white hypertensive subjects were evaluated by blood pressure (BP) levels, electrocardiograms (ECG), height-weight measurements, and questionnaire. The HDFP had treated a randomly selected half of the patients in an intensive stepped care (SC) program and the other half was referred to usual care (RC). At the beginning of the five-year trial, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were higher in blacks in both SC and RC. At the completion of the trial in 1979, black women had mean DBP levels comparable to whites in both SC and RC, but black men displayed higher levels. During the five years of the trial there were no cases of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in SC in either race. In RC the incidence of LVH was slightly higher in blacks than in whites. During the seven-year post-trial period, the incidence of LVH in blacks rose to 13 percent, more than double that of whites. Medication compliance was reduced in black men during this time, most likely because of removal of the supporting elements of HDFP (frequent medical contacts, free medication).In both races, hypertensive subjects underwent weight changes during the seven years of the post-trial period. Weight loss of 15 lb was associated with normotension. Weight gain of 9 to 10 lb over seven years was associated with hypertensive BP levels.The supportive or detrimental effect of weight loss or weight gain on BP levels was thus reconfirmed in this biracial cohort. PMID- 3249332 TI - The importance of the "sloping rib" in interventional radiology procedures of the chest. AB - Invasive procedures of the chest in radiology require anatomical awareness of variations in thoracic rib anomalies. The "sloping rib" is a descriptive term the authors use to describe an entity that may present a problem when attempting to remove fluid from the pleural space and/or tissue from the lung. The anomaly has been observed in muscle-wasting disorders, severe osteoporosis, metabolic diseases, and in idiopathic scoliosis of the thoracic spine. The significance to patient care and diagnosis will be discussed. PMID- 3249333 TI - Black Americans' perceptions of cancer. A study utilizing the Health Belief Model. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine black adults' knowledge and perceptions of cancer by utilizing the Health Belief Model. The subjects were obtained by randomly selecting 11 churches from a list of 33. There were 769 black adults who responded to the survey (64 percent response rate). Mean age of respondents was 44.3 years, SD = 14.7. Only 29 percent were able to correctly identify all seven of the American Cancer Society warning signs; 13 percent were unable to identify any warning signs. One in four believed it was likely they would develop cancer sometime in their life, and 42 percent believed blacks were more susceptible to cancer than whites. Forty-one percent believed most people who get cancer will die from it. Perceived barriers to treatment included cost and pain. A large number of significant differences (P < .01) were found when responses were examined in relation to the sex, educational level, and age of the subjects. PMID- 3249334 TI - Glaucoma in the black population: a problem of blindness. AB - Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in blacks. Black patients usually present to the ophthalmologist with more extensive optic nerve damage as compared with whites, and the disease process follows a malignant course even after intervention is initiated. Consequent to a greater amount of iris pigmentation, blacks require medications in higher concentrations to receive significant lowering of intraocular pressure. Patients with darker, thicker irides are more prone to have subacute angle-closure glaucoma, which requires gonioscopy and the recognition of subtle details that may be difficult to interpret. If medical therapy fails, the results of noninvasive surgical intervention, such as argon laser trabeculoplasty, and traditional surgical intervention, such as trabeculectomy, have a much lower success rate in the black population when compared with studies of the general population.It is essential that the primary physician be aware of the early signs and risk factors for glaucoma, which are herein outlined in detail. Only through early recognition, proper referral, and aggressive treatment can the incidence of blindness secondary to glaucoma be decreased. PMID- 3249335 TI - Seroepidemiology of HIV infection in two cohorts of intravenous drug users in New York City. AB - Few issues have been able to capture the attention of the scientific community and the lay public in the manner that the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has. Despite significant advances in many areas, the morbidity and mortality statistics remain as somber reminders of the devastation attributed to this epidemic. This devastation appears particularly acute among those portions of the population already subject to the least desirable health status indicators. Efforts directed at known methods of disease acquisition and populations with a disproportionately greater susceptibility may serve as important foci of health prevention. To this end, intravenous drug users and minority group members present some interesting interrelationships. PMID- 3249336 TI - The clinical and radiological evaluation of lissencephaly. AB - Lissencephaly is a rare congenital malformation of the brain that has characteristic clinical and radiographic findings. Thirteen cases of lissencephaly were studied clinically and radiographically with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. A classification was developed based on the findings in these cases and the literature. The clinical and radiographic evaluation of lissencephaly is emphasized, with a thorough discussion of the clinical spectrum of each type, radiographic findings, prognosis, survival, and associated genetic abnormalities. PMID- 3249337 TI - Anger expression and life stress among blacks: their role in physical health. AB - This study examines the relationship between anger expression and life stress in a nationally representative sample of black adults. Recent research of mostly white subjects has shown that anger-hostility, one of the components of the Type A behavioral pattern, is an important predictor of health problems. The findings of the present inquiry indicate that anger-hostility is an important predictor of life stress, and that people with higher levels of anger conflict are more likely to experience negative life events. Moreover, negative life events and anger are shown to be independent predictors of health problems among blacks. The implications of these results for future studies of the health of black Americans are discussed. PMID- 3249338 TI - Hypokalemic periodic paralysis in a hyperthyroid black woman. AB - In this case of periodic paralysis and thyrotoxicosis, investigation of the patient's family revealed other members similarly affected. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it represents the first reported instance of this familial association in the case of a black woman. PMID- 3249339 TI - Effects of high potassium and high calcium on the action potential of the ventricular cells of the tortoise heart. PMID- 3249340 TI - The concentration of serum lipids and lipoprotein in children with high and normal blood pressure and in obese and normal weight children. PMID- 3249342 TI - A new surgical approach to the treatment of hydrocephalus--application of catheter without valve and connector in ventriculoatrial shunt. PMID- 3249341 TI - Retrograde coronary sinus perfusion for myocardial protection. PMID- 3249343 TI - Studies on the stabilizing effect of traditional Chinese preparation--re du qing- on the membrane of lysosomes. PMID- 3249345 TI - Study on fibroblast colony forming units derived from bone marrow of normal adults and untreated patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3249344 TI - The toxicokinetics of methyl-ISP in rats. PMID- 3249346 TI - Clinical manifestations after acute complex radiation injuries. PMID- 3249347 TI - Effects of intracerebroventricular microinjection of angiotensin III on the cardiovascular activities in rabbits. PMID- 3249348 TI - Studies on the calcium antagonistic action of tetrandrine: XVI. Effects of tetrandrine on positive staircase phenomenon and post-rest potentiation of contraction of isolated guinea pig left atrium. PMID- 3249349 TI - Formation of cholesterol gall stones in vitro by Eddy current. PMID- 3249350 TI - Studies on the relationship between leukemic fibroblast colony forming cell and hemopoietic cells. PMID- 3249351 TI - Ultrastructural observation on influence of gossypol on the hormone-secreting cells of pituitary-testis axis of rats. PMID- 3249352 TI - Hemorrheologic changes in COPD patients with or without cor pulmonale. PMID- 3249353 TI - The effects of trapidil and propranolol on platelet aggregation and prostacyclin thromboxane balance following acute myocardial infarction in rabbits. PMID- 3249354 TI - An experimental study of normothermic abdominal aorta clamping in dogs: I. The safe time limit and syndromes after abdominal aorta clamping. PMID- 3249355 TI - Studies on life table characteristics of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Wuhan strain. PMID- 3249356 TI - Cytological investigation of CSF in leptospiral cerebral arteritis. PMID- 3249357 TI - [Clinical evaluation of sultamicillin fine granules in lower respiratory tract infection]. AB - Sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granules were given to 15 patients with respiratory tract infections at a dose of 375 mg 3 times a day. The results were excellent in 4 patients, good in 8, fair in 1 and poor in 2 with an efficacy rate of 80% which is comparable to that of SBTPC tablet (Unasyn tablet). One patient complained of difficulty in swallowing the drug probably due to its fine granular nature. No side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values due to this drug were observed in any of the patients enrolled in this study. From the above results, SBTPC fine granules seem to be useful in the treatment of pediatric and elderly patients who sometimes have difficulties in taking tablets. PMID- 3249358 TI - [Clinical evaluation of sultamicillin fine granules in pediatric infections]. AB - Sultamicillin fine granules (SBTPC), a mutual prodrug of sulbactam (SBT) and ampicillin (ABPC), were administered to 16 pediatric patients with bacterial infections. The efficacy rate was 93.3%. MICs (10(6) cells/ml) of SBTPC against beta-lactamase non-producing strains were not significantly different from those of ABPC, and ranged from less than or equal to 0.05 to 1.56 micrograms/ml. MICs of SBTPC, however, were 2-4 fold smaller than MICs of ABPC against beta-lactamase producing strains. Diarrhea and loose stool as side effects were observed in 4 (25%) of 16 patients, but none of them were severe. After oral administration of SBTPC (10 mg/kg), serum levels of ABPC and SBT peaked at 3.41 micrograms/ml and 2.43 micrograms/ml after 0.6 hour, and declined with half-lives of 1.79 and 1.00 hours, respectively. PMID- 3249359 TI - [Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on sultamicillin fine granules in pediatrics]. AB - Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is a mutual prodrug of sulbactam (SBT) and ampicillin (ABPC). A study has been performed to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties and clinical usefulness of SBTPC fine granules in the treatment of pediatric infections. After an oral dose of 5-15 mg/kg of SBTPC fine granules, peak serum concentrations of ABPC and SBT were 1.18-3.26 micrograms/ml and 0.97-3.05 micrograms/ml, respectively at 1 hour. Serum half-lives for elimination (T 1/2 (beta] of ABPC and SBT were 0.83-1.83 hours and 0.94-1.71 hours, respectively. Serum concentrations of ABPC at 1-6 hours after an oral administration of SBTPC fine granules were similar to those of SBT. Serum concentrations of ABPC and SBT were proportional to dose levels of SBTPC fine granules. Following oral administrations of 5-15 mg/kg, 33.9-64.8% of ABPC and 38.1-76.6% of SBT were recovered in urine in 6 hours. SBTPC fine granules were administered in a daily dose of approximately 30 mg/kg divided into 3 doses to 14 pediatric patients with bacterial infections. All 14 were cured with 11 excellent and 3 good clinical response to this drug. Microbiological eradication was obtained in 85.7%. beta Lactamase-producing ABPC-resistant strains were eradicated. Adverse effects including laboratory test values that may be attributed to the administration of SBTPC fine granules were not observed except a treatment episode of diarrhea in 1 patient. PMID- 3249360 TI - [Clinical studies in sultamicillin fine granule in the field of pediatrics]. AB - Clinical studies were carried out on sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granule in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Thirty children with bacterial infections were treated with SBTPC fine granule. The clinical results were excellent in 24 and good in 5, with an efficacy rate of 96.7%. 2. Bacteriological screening identified 26 pathogenic organisms of which 14 were Gram-positive cocci and 12 Gram-negative rods. Eradication rates were 91.7% in Gram-positive cocci and 66.7% in Gram-negative rods. 3. As side effects, diarrhea was observed in 12.9%, loose stool in 16.1% and eosinophilia in 3.2% of the patients. From the above results, it appeared that SBTPC fine granule was a useful drug for treating bacterial infections in the field of pediatrics. PMID- 3249361 TI - [Studies on sultamicillin in the field of pediatrics]. AB - Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sultamicillin (SBTPC) were carried out in the field of pediatrics. 1. Absorption and excretion. A crossover study with a single oral administration of 10 mg/kg of SBTPC in fasting and after meal, and that with 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of SBTPC after meal were carried out in 11 children (5-15 years) and in 6 children (8-15 years), respectively. Serum levels and urinary excretion of sulbactam (SBT) and ampicillin (ABPC) were determined. Mean serum concentrations of ABPC after oral administration of 10 mg/kg of SBTPC with in fasting or after meal, in the former study, peaked at 4.75 +/- 1.97 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and declined with a mean half-life of 0.81 +/- 0.18 hour and the mean serum concentration of ABPC at 6 hours after administration was 0.06 +/- 0.07 micrograms/ml. Mean serum concentration of ABPC study in the latter peaked at 2.95 +/- 0.79 micrograms/ml in 1 hour, and declined with a mean half life of 1.35 +/- 0.43 hours, and the mean serum concentration of ABPC at 6 hours was 0.22 +/- 0.13 microgram/ml. Mean urinary recovery rates of ABPC in 6 hours after administration were 54.5 +/- 17.6% in the former study, and 63.2 +/- 14.3% in the latter. These results suggested a delay of absorption with meal. Mean serum concentrations of ABPC after oral administration of 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg of SBTPC after meal, in the former study, were 3.10 +/- 0.72 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and declined with a half-life of 1.22 +/- 0.32 hours, and those of ABPC were 0.22 +/- 0.12 microgram/ml at 6 hours, and they were 6.46 +/- 1.57 micrograms/ml, 1.48 +/- 0.51 hours and 0.55 +/- 0.40 microgram/ml, respectively in the latter study. Mean urinary recovery rates of ABPC in 6 hours, were 50.4 +/- 10.2% in the former study and 57.7 +/- 11.4%, in the latter. A dose response was observed with time course of mean serum concentrations. Mean serum concentrations of SBT were lower than those of ABPC, and they declined in a similar manner. The mean urinary recovery rate of SBT was similar or lower than that of ABPC. 2. Clinical study SBTPC was used for the treatment of a total of 38 pediatric patients with ages 6 months to 11 years and it's clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse effects were evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3249362 TI - [Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of sultamicillin fine granule in pediatric field]. AB - Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granule were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Antibacterial activities of SBTPC against clinically isolated strains of Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Branhamella catarrhalis, and Escherichia coli were compared with those of ampicillin (ABPC). SBTPC was superior to ABPC especially against beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae, E. coli, S. aureus, and B. catarrhalis. 2. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates of sulbactam (SBT) and ABPC after administration of SBTPC fine granule at a dose level of 10 mg/kg in 2 cases were determined. Mean half-lives of SBT and ABPC in the serum following oral administration were about 1.33 and 1.61 hours respectively. Mean urinary recovery rates of SBT and ABPC in 6 hours after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg were 58.7% and 49.6% respectively. 3. SBTPC fine granule was administered to 20 pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pneumonia 8 cases, bronchitis 2, pharyngitis 2, tonsillitis 4, subcutaneous abscess 1 and urinary tract infection 3). The overall clinical efficacy rate was 100% and the overall bacteriological eradication rate was 75%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed except 1 case of loose stool. No abnormal laboratory test values were observed. These results indicate the usefulness of SBTPC fine granule in the treatment of bacterial infections in children. PMID- 3249363 TI - [Experiences with sultamicillin granules in pediatric patients]. AB - Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is a combination drug of sulbactam (SBT) and ampicillin (ABPC) in an ester bonding at 1:1 ratio. SBT, a new semisynthetic beta-lactamase inhibitor restores and extends the spectrum of ABPC against resistant strains of bacteria. SBTPC granules were administered to 26 pediatric patients with infections, and clinical efficacies were studied in 23 patients. The clinical efficacy rate was 95.7% and the drug was evaluated to be highly effective for the treatment of infectious diseases in the pediatric field. SBTPC was safe and well tolerated. PMID- 3249364 TI - [Clinical evaluation of sultamicillin fine granules in pediatric patients]. AB - The clinical efficacy and the safety of sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granules, which is a semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic for oral use with ester linked ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT), a beta-lactamase inhibitor, in a ratio of 1:1, were evaluated in 31 patients with ages from 6 months old to 10 years and 4 months old with various bacterial infections. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In a pharmacokinetic study with a dose level of 10 mg/kg SBTPC, serum levels reached a peak in 1 hour after oral administration, with peak levels of 3.94 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 4.08 micrograms/ml for SBT. Half-lives of ABPC and SBT were 64.8 minutes and 63.6 minutes, respectively. The urinary excretion of ABPC over 6 hours was 66.2% and that of SBT was 60.4%. 2. SBTPC fine granules were administered orally to 1 patient with bronchitis, 9 patients with bronchopneumonia, 7 patients with tonsillitis, 4 patients with scarlet fever, 1 patient each with pharyngitis, otitis media, purulent parotitis, and urinary tract infection and 6 patients with skin and soft tissue infections at daily dosage levels of 26.1-31.6 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4. Clinical evaluations of these 31 patients were as follows, excellent: 20 patients, good: 10 patients, poor: 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 96.8%. 3. Diarrhea was observed in a patient with otitis media on the fifth day of SBTPC administration. No other clinical adverse reaction was observed in any of the remaining 30 patients. No abnormal laboratory data was found in any of 23 patients who were subjected to laboratory examinations for safety.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249365 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies of sultamicillin in pediatric field]. AB - We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on sultamicillin (SBTPC). The results are summarized as follows. SBTPC was given by oral administration to 2 children in a single dose at 5 mg/kg and to 3 children in a single dose at 10 mg/kg. After the oral administration, mean peak serum levels of ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT) obtained for the 2 dose levels were 1.91 +/- 1.34 and 2.06 +/ 1.06 micrograms/ml and 2.43 +/- 0.68 and 2.96 +/- 0.77 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, respectively, and mean half-lives were 0.80 +/- 0.10 and 0.98 +/- 0.46 hour and 1.57 +/- 0.57 and 2.01 +/- 0.70 hours, respectively. SBTPC was given to 2 children in a single dose at 15 mg/kg. After oral administration, the mean serum levels of ABPC and SBT at 30 minutes were 6.55 +/- 1.63 and 6.00 +/- 1.00 micrograms/ml, and the mean half-lives were 0.90 +/- 0.13 and 0.82 +/- 0.16 hour. SBTPC was given to 1 child at a single dose of 20 mg/kg. The peak serum levels of ABPC and SBT were 11.3 and 8.64 micrograms/ml, and the half-lives were 0.87 and 0.92 hour. Mean urinary excretion rates of ABPC and SBT were 38.4 +/- 2.7 and 34.6 +/- 4.7%, 43.0 +/- 3.6 and 41.6 +/- 5.8%, 47.7 +/- 5.2 and 51.6 +/- 3.5% in 6 hours and 66.1 and 59.2% in 8 hours after oral administration of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Treatment with SBTPC was made in 34 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 2 cases of pharyngitis, 19 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of bronchitis, 3 cases of impetigo, 2 cases of staphylococcal skalded skin syndrome, 4 cases of urinary tract infection and 1 case each of pneumonia and scarlet fever. Results obtained were excellent in 20 cases, good in 13 cases and poor in 1 case. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases. PMID- 3249366 TI - [A study on pharmacokinetics, antimicrobial activity and clinical efficacy of sultamicillin in children]. AB - Sultamicillin (SBTPC), a mutual prodrug for ampicillin (ABPC) and beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam (SBT), was evaluated for its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy. Pharmacokinetic studies were done in 2 subjects (a male and a female) following single oral administrations of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg SBTPC fine granules after meal. Peak serum concentrations of ABPC and SBT in the 2 cases were 0.85 and 0.38 micrograms/ml and 3.74 and 3.79 micrograms/ml, respectively. Urinary excretion rates in 6 hours were 43.5-58.1% for ABPC and 33.6-53.6% for SBT. A total of 20 patients including 14 with respiratory infections, 1 with urinary tract infection and 5 with skin and soft tissue infections were treated with daily oral dose of 15.4-39.3 mg/kg SBTPC fine granules t.i.d. for 4 to 13 days. Responses were excellent in 5, good in 13 and fair in 2, hence the overall efficacy rate was 90.0%. Bacteriological responses were confirmed on 5 (62.5%) out of 8 strains which were eradicated by the treatment. SBTPC showed strong antibacterial activities against an ABPC-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. Side effects of the drug were observed in 3 patients: diarrhea in 2 and loose stool in 1. An abnormal laboratory test value, eosinophilia, was observed in only one patient. PMID- 3249367 TI - [Clinical experience with sultamicillin fine granules in pediatric field]. AB - Sultamicillin fine granules were used orally in 18 pediatric patients with infections in doses ranging 7.3-10.0 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. The following is a summary of the results: 1. Clinical efficacies in 16 cases with tonsillitis were excellent in 13 cases, good in 2 cases and fair in 1 case. Efficacy in 1 case of bronchitis and 1 case of pneumonia were good. The overall efficacy rate in the 18 cases was 94.4%. 2. Four out of 5 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were eradicated but 1 strain persisted. Three out of 7 strains of Haemophilus influenzae were rated as eradicated, 1 strain as decreased and 3 strains as persisted. Two strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 3 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae were eradicated. The bacteriological efficacy rate for the 17 strains was 70.6%. Four strains out of the 17 were found to produce beta lactamase and 3 strains were suspected, to produce the enzyme, but of these 7 strains, 5 strains were eradicated. 3. Diarrhea and loose stool were observed as side effects in each of 2 cases. It appeared that diarrhea was related to this drug. A slight elevation of GOT was observed in 1 case in laboratory tests. 4. This drug appears to be easy for children to take in terms of taste and smell. PMID- 3249368 TI - [Clinical study of sultamicillin fine granules]. AB - Sultamicillin, a mutual prodrug of a beta-lactam antibiotic and beta-lactamase inhibitor, was administered to 19 child patients with infectious diseases. The patients included 9 boys and 10 girls from 11 months to 13 years old and they were given orally a dosage of 15.4-40.8 mg/kg/day for 3 to 12 days. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 2 cases, good in 13 cases, fair in 3 cases, unknown in 1 case, and the total efficacy rate was 83.3%. Loose stool in 1 case and mild diarrhea in another occurred as side effects of the drug, but no abnormal laboratory test values were found upon the treatment. PMID- 3249369 TI - [Clinical studies on sultamicillin in pediatrics]. AB - Sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granule was given orally to 15 children with acute bacterial infections including 4 with acute pharyngitis, 5 with acute tonsillitis, 2 each with acute bronchitis and urinary tract infections, and 1 each with acute pneumonia and cervical purulent lymphadenitis. Good to excellent clinical responses were obtained in all of the 15 patients and bacterial eradication of all 4 strains found in these cases. Loose stool was observed in 1 case. From the above clinical results, it appears that SBTPC is a useful antibiotics for the treatment of pediatric patients with various bacterial infections. PMID- 3249370 TI - [Clinical studies on sultamicillin fine granule in pediatric field]. AB - Pharmacokinetics, safety and effects on bacterial infection of sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granule were evaluated in 17 children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics in 3 children receiving a single dose of 10 mg per kg body weight were evaluated. The half-life of ampicillin (ABPC) was 1.38 +/- 0.14 hours and that of sulbactam was 0.93 +/- 0.26 hour. 2. Fourteen cases, including 7 tonsillitis, 2 pharyngitis, 2 bronchitis, and 1 each of cystitis, scarlet fever and cellulitis were treated with SBTPC fine granule. The clinical efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Bacteriological efficacies classified by causative organisms were evaluated in 5 children. Staphylococcus aureus was responsible in 3 cases, Streptococcus pyogenes in 1 case, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis in 1 case. Eradication rate was 100%. SBTPC was more active than ABPC against ABPC-resistant strains and almost equal to or more active than cephalexin or cefaclor. 4. The only abnormal laboratory test value observed was eosinophilia in 2 children. No side effects were recorded. From the above results it is concluded that SBTPC fine granule is one of first choices of effective, useful and safe antibiotics for the treatment of infections in pediatric field. PMID- 3249371 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of sultamicillin fine granules in pediatrics]. AB - We have evaluated sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granules for pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effectiveness in children. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters after the oral administration of single dose of 5.0 mg per kg body weight in 1 child were as follows: The peak serum concentrations of ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT) were 1.92 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 1.85 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, respectively. The half-lives in serum and urinary excretion rate for ABPC and SBT were similar. 2. A clinical study was performed on 15 children with infections, including 4 with tonsillitis, 5 with pharyngitis, 2 each with bronchitis, cystitis, and urinary tract infections. Doses ranging from 6.7 to 18.2 mg/kg body weight were given tid. or qid. Lengths of treatment ranged from 5 to 10 days. The therapeutic responses were considered "excellent" in 6 and "good" in 9, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. 3. As to side effects of the drug, diarrhea was observed in 1 patient. It was concluded that SBTPC was a promising drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children. PMID- 3249372 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sultamicillin granule in the pediatric field]. AB - Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is a combined drug of ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT) which is an inhibitor of beta-lactamase, in a clinical form of tosylate with equivalent molecules in ester linkages. A tablet form of this combined drug has been released since July, 1987 in Japan and now a granular form for pediatric patients has been developed. Hence, the granular form of SBTPC was administered to 6 boys (age: 8 years 5 months-11 years 5 months) to determine plasma and urinary concentrations of the drug and its urinary recovery-rates. The dose of 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg was given orally just after meal to 3 boys. To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean daily dose of 27.1 mg/kg divided 2-4 times a day was administered for 9 days on the average to a total of 57 cases with pharyngitis (5), tonsillitis (5), laryngitis (1), bronchitis (1), pneumonia (8), scarlet fever (1), typhoid fever (1), impetigo (16), furuncle (2), abscess (6), lymphadenitis (1) and urinary tract infection (10) except 2 cases which were unevaluable for clinical effects. MICs of 7 drugs (SBTPC, ABPC, SBT, methicillin (DMPPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), cephalexin and cefaclor) against 12 of 22 strains isolated from patients with infections of skin and soft tissue were determined with inoculum-sizes of 10(8) and 10(8) CFU/ml to study beta-lactamase producing activities. Adverse reactions and abnormal effects on laboratory test values attributable to this drug were studied in patients including dropped-out cases. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Mean plasma peak levels of ABPC and SBT were observed at 1 hour after administration in both of the 10 mg/kg and the 15 mg/kg groups with values of 2.34 and 5.57 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 1.87 and 4.66 micrograms/ml for SBT, respectively. Mean concentrations of SBT were lower than those of ABPC in both groups and individuals. Dose-responses in plasma levels and AUCs were observed in both groups. Mean half-life values of ABPC and SBT in the 2 groups were 1.93 and 1.12 hours for ABPC and 1.97 and 1.22 for SBT, respectively. Mean half-life values for ABPC and SBT were similar in each group and this tendency was also seen among individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3249373 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sultamicillin fine granules in children]. AB - Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is a semi-synthesized beta-lactam antibiotic consisted of ampicillin (ABPC) and a beta-lactamase inhibitor, sulbactam (SBT), linked with an ester linkage. Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies using SBTPC 10% fine granules were performed in pediatric patients with a variety of infections. 1. Pharmacokinetic investigation: SBTPC was given at 30 minutes after meal at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Peak serum levels were attained at 1 hour after dosing with average levels of 3.83 +/- 0.27 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 2.73 +/- 0.30 micrograms/ml for SBT. The average half-life of ABPC was 1.52 +/- 0.25 hours and that of SBT was 1.13 +/- 0.09 hours. The urinary recovery rate of ABPC during 6 hours after dosing was 58.2 +/- 4.9% and that of SBT was 59.7 +/- 6.4%. 2. Clinical investigation: Enrolled in the study were a total of 26 patients including 12 with tonsillitis, 6 with pharyngitis, 5 with urinary tract infections, and 1 each with bronchitis, with Salmonella enteritis and a case with fever of unknown case. Responses were excellent in 15 patients, good in 8, fair in 2 and poor in 1 with an efficacy rate of 88.5%. In the assessment of the bacteriological efficacy, 11 out of 14 strains of organisms isolated previous to the treatment were eradicated, 1 strain was found reduced in number and 2 strains remained unchanged with an eradication rate of 78.6%. One patient (3.8%) out of the 26 had diarrhea as side effects and 3 patients (16.7%) of 18 showed eosinophilia in laboratory examinations. PMID- 3249374 TI - [Efficacy of sultamicillin fine granules in pyoderma, particularly in impetigo contagiosa]. AB - Sultamicillin fine granules were administered orally to 21 patients with impetigo contagiosa and 1 patient with erysipelas, and its clinical efficacy and safety were assessed. The dosage was 10-30 mg/kg daily. Clinical efficacies of impetigo contagiosa were "excellent" in 20 cases and "fair" in 1 case, with an overall efficacy rate of 95%. The result of treatment in erysipelas was "good". Out of 19 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foci, 17 strains had high beta lactamase activities. In these 17 strains, sensitivity to the drug was 2-32-fold higher than to ampicillin, and in 14 out of these 17 strains 4-8-fold higher sensitivity was noted. As side effects, mild diarrhea was seen in 2 patients, but those recovered spontaneously in 3-4 days without particular treatment. PMID- 3249376 TI - [A clinical evaluation of sultamicillin fine granules in the treatment of meibomianitis]. AB - This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the safety of sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granules in the treatment of patients with meibomianitis. A dose of 375 mg SBTPC granules was orally given to 10 patients with meibomianitis after each meal, three times a day. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Efficacies were rated as good in 7 cases, fair in 2 and poor in 1 with an efficacy ratio of 70.0%. No side effects were observed throughout the study. The organisms isolated were Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Streptococcus sanguis, and Gram-negative bacteria such as Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. denitrificans, Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxidans, Xanthomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter lwoffii. A bacteriological study showed lower MICs of SBTPC than those of ampicillin (ABPC), suggesting that SBTPC has more potent antibacterial activity than ABPC. Such bacteriological activity of SBTPC was well reflected in its clinical efficacy; the drug was effective in patients with infections caused by organisms moderately or highly resistant to ABPC or cefaclor. PMID- 3249375 TI - [Clinical studies on sultamicillin fine granules in the urological field]. AB - Clinical studies of sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granules, an oral antibiotic with ester linked ampicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor, sulbactam, were performed in acute uncomplicated cystitis and complicated urinary tract infections. 1. SBTPC fine granules were administrated at a dose of 187.5 mg 2-3 times daily for 5-7 days to 6 patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis. Clinical efficacies as judged according to the criteria of the UTI Committee were excellent in 5 cases and moderate in 1 case with an effectiveness rate of 100%. All of 7 identified bacteria were eradicated by the treatment. 2. SBTPC fine granules were administrated at a dose of 187.5 mg or 375 mg 3 times daily for 5-7 days to 17 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. Clinical efficacies as judged according to the criteria of the UTI Committee were excellent in 8 cases, moderate in 4 cases and poor in 5 cases with an effectiveness rate of 70.6%. Out of 17 identified bacteria, 14 (82.4%) were eradicated by the treatment. 3. As adverse reactions, glossitis, diarrhea and pharyngeal redness were observed in 1 case out of 31 cases treated with the drug. These symptoms, however, were mild and transient. No abnormal laboratory test values were observed. From the above results, it appears that SBTPC fine granules are useful in the treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 3249377 TI - [Structure and function of Clostridium botulinum toxins]. PMID- 3249378 TI - [Structure of Staphylococcus aureus cell wall determined by the freeze substitution method]. PMID- 3249379 TI - [Structure and analyses of sugar chains]. PMID- 3249380 TI - [Clinical application of immunosuppressive acidic protein]. PMID- 3249381 TI - [Pathology of the sugar chains of immunoglobulin G]. PMID- 3249383 TI - [Synthesis and degradation of sugar chains and their regulation]. PMID- 3249382 TI - [Modification of the alkaline phosphatase nature by their sugar moiety]. PMID- 3249384 TI - [Age-associated changes in glycoconjugates]. PMID- 3249385 TI - [Usefulness of tumor markers of glycoprotein]. PMID- 3249386 TI - [Structure and function of glycoconjugates on erythrocyte membrane]. PMID- 3249387 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 3249388 TI - [Tri-disk method]. PMID- 3249389 TI - [Microdilution broth procedure]. PMID- 3249390 TI - [Reconsideration and view of the future on the susceptibility test of antimicrobial agents--from the clinical points of view]. PMID- 3249391 TI - [Aging and carbohydrate metabolism]. PMID- 3249392 TI - [Determination of serum L-carnitine by an implication of Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer and its clinical implication in health and disease]. PMID- 3249393 TI - [Clinical means of measurement of urinary polyamines in chronic renal failure by method of enzymatic assay]. PMID- 3249394 TI - [Clinical application of serum guanase analysis by electrophoresis]. PMID- 3249395 TI - [Study on the gastric carcinoma within 1 cm in diameter]. PMID- 3249396 TI - [Prevalence of reversible bundle branch block]. PMID- 3249397 TI - [Study of the new useful electrophysiological parameter in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome associated with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3249398 TI - [A case of LDH-linked immunoglobulin G with inhibiting activity]. PMID- 3249399 TI - [Hematological malignancies from the point of view of cell surface antigens. Comparison of single color with two color analysis and a proposal of a flow chart to diagnose hematological malignancies with cell surface markers]. PMID- 3249400 TI - [Androgen-dependent carcinoma]. PMID- 3249401 TI - [Humoral bone resorbing factor(s) produced by cancer]. PMID- 3249402 TI - [Nephelometric measurement of rheumatoid factor: evaluation of cut off value as a screening test]. PMID- 3249404 TI - [The evaluation of automated analysis on plasma lysozyme biological activity by turbidimetric assay: relation to neutrophils in the peripheral blood]. PMID- 3249403 TI - [Studies on serum lipids in obese children. II. Changes in serum apolipoprotein A I, A-II and B, and atherogenic index]. PMID- 3249405 TI - [A comparison of characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from blood of patients and healthy carriers]. PMID- 3249407 TI - [Effect of deep inspiration on measurement of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine--evaluation by partial and maximum expiratory flow-volume curve]. PMID- 3249406 TI - [Isolation and identification of Haemophilus aphrophilus and Haemophilus paraphrophilus from clinical specimens]. PMID- 3249408 TI - [Induction of experimental protoporphyria in hairless mice griseofulvin--strain differences in murine protoporphyria]. PMID- 3249409 TI - [Chromomycosis--a case showing many fungal elements in the scales]. PMID- 3249410 TI - [Effect of ethanol on the accumulation and excretion of mercury in rats]. PMID- 3249411 TI - [A study of quadriceps contracture-causing factor by the analysis of muscle injection according to medical records]. PMID- 3249412 TI - [Experimental study on the effect of vitamin C long-term loading on the serum LDH activity in man]. PMID- 3249413 TI - [Comparison of medical care of inpatients aged 70 or more with different medical insurance]. PMID- 3249414 TI - [A comparative study on three methods for working out the maximum increment age- based on the data of the Harpenden Growth Study]. PMID- 3249415 TI - [The behavior of metabolites, methylated selenium, in mouse after oral administration of sodium selenite]. PMID- 3249416 TI - [Gemellological study on genetic and environmental factors affecting serum concentrations of lipids and electrolytes in adult twins]. PMID- 3249417 TI - [Influence of ambient thermal conditions on the immune response in mice]. PMID- 3249418 TI - [Environmental exposure to cadmium and effects on human health. Part 2. Bone and mineral metabolism in inhabitants of the cadmium-polluted Jinzu River basin in Toyama Prefecture]. PMID- 3249419 TI - [The effects of whole body vibration on dopamine metabolism and dopamine-related peptides in the rat brain]. PMID- 3249420 TI - [A prediction of age of menarche from adolescent growth pattern]. PMID- 3249421 TI - [Experimental study on cytotoxicity of zirconium compounds in vitro (1)]. PMID- 3249422 TI - Smoking and body weight. PMID- 3249423 TI - [A method for estimation of salt intake from the results of a food frequency questionnaire]. PMID- 3249424 TI - [Effects of dietary lipids on lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of mercury in rat tissues]. PMID- 3249425 TI - [Studies on the relationship between the characteristics of daily food consumption and the concentration of mercury in urine]. PMID- 3249426 TI - [Dietary management of the aged]. PMID- 3249427 TI - [Treatment of cardiac diseases in elderly patients]. PMID- 3249428 TI - [Indication for surgical treatment in the elderly]. PMID- 3249429 TI - [Rehabilitation in the elderly patients]. PMID- 3249430 TI - [The role of nursing for elderly patients]. PMID- 3249431 TI - [Computed tomographic (CT) study of the brains of 357 elderly demented patients- clinical usefulness of CT measurements of brain atrophy and its correlation with mental assessment]. PMID- 3249432 TI - [Morphological study on the Lewy bodies in the sympathetic ganglia of the aged persons]. PMID- 3249434 TI - [A study on age-related changes in postural sway]. PMID- 3249433 TI - [Age-related changes in the size of the corpus callosum--magnetic resonance imaging]. PMID- 3249435 TI - [Pathogenetic roles of red cell 2,3-DPG and P50 in dementia due to vascular leukoencephalopathy]. PMID- 3249436 TI - [Transverse myelopathy and Gottron's sign associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in an elderly woman--a case report]. PMID- 3249437 TI - [Biochemical and immunological properties of senile plaque amyloid]. PMID- 3249438 TI - [On pathogenesis of vascular dementia]. PMID- 3249439 TI - [Problems in the treatment of dementia]. PMID- 3249440 TI - [The study of aged patients with dementia in the aspect of social medicine]. PMID- 3249441 TI - [The effects of cerebral vasodilators and stimulators of brain metabolism on the patients with vascular dementia]. PMID- 3249442 TI - [Clinical profile and prognosis in elderly patients with chordal rupture]. PMID- 3249443 TI - [Gas exchange disturbance with pneumonia in the elderly in relation to quantitative estimate of roentgenologic infiltrates]. PMID- 3249444 TI - [A study on the frequency of pseudohypertension in the elderly]. PMID- 3249445 TI - [Changes in systemic hemodynamics in glycerol-rechallenged acute renal failure rats]. PMID- 3249446 TI - [Scanning electron microscopical study of the glomerular vascular system--on column of Bertin]. PMID- 3249447 TI - [Distinct clinical courses in crescentic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3249448 TI - [Role of the membrane attack complex (MAC) in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3249449 TI - [A striking rise of serum guanidinosuccinic acid (s-GSA) in the critical period of CRF]. PMID- 3249450 TI - [The significance of urine albumin excretion rate measurement in diabetic microangiopathy. First report: Early detection of diabetic nephropathy and establishment of a starting period for therapy]. PMID- 3249451 TI - [Participation of collagen fibers in morphogenesis of diabetic nodular lesions]. PMID- 3249452 TI - [Uric acid clearance in preeclampsia]. PMID- 3249453 TI - [Assays for total activity and isoenzyme pattern of acid phosphatase in the urine from patients with renal diseases]. PMID- 3249454 TI - [A case of Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 3249455 TI - [The effect of drugs to aminonucleoside-induced nephritis]. PMID- 3249456 TI - [Membrane attack complex deposition in various glomerular diseases]. PMID- 3249457 TI - [Local bone pain and osseous scintigraphic findings in patients with metastatic bone tumor]. PMID- 3249459 TI - [Sex differences in the tracer distribution on stress thallium-201 imaging: (1) Analysis of normal subjects]. PMID- 3249458 TI - [The comparative study with Ga-67 and I-123 IMP in malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3249460 TI - [Stress thallium scan in right ventricular myocardial infarction: relation to clinical findings]. PMID- 3249461 TI - [Pulmonary ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3249462 TI - [Fatty acid myocardial imaging using 123I-beta-methyl iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP): comparison of myocardial blood perfusion and fatty acid metabolism in canine myocardial infarction (occlusion and reperfusion model)]. PMID- 3249463 TI - [Fundamental study and clinical evaluation on SCC RIABEAD using monoclonal antibody]. PMID- 3249464 TI - [Fundamental studies of a pancreatic oncofetal antigen immunoradiometric assay kit]. PMID- 3249465 TI - Effects of mechanical stretch on the membrane potential of guinea pig ventricular muscles. AB - We studied the effect of stretch on the membrane potentials and ultrastructure of isolated ventricular papillary muscles of guinea pigs. The muscles were stimulated at 0.5 Hz and stretched stepwise from slack length (90% of Lmax) to 100% (mild stretch), 110-120% (moderate stretch), and 130-140% of Lmax (severe stretch), under microscopic control. In control Tyrode solution (K+ = 5.4 mM, Ca2+ = 1.8 mM, Mg2+ = 0.5 mM), the mild to moderate stretch significantly depolarized the resting potential (RP) by about 6 mV as compared to that in slack length, whereas the severe stretch hyperpolarized the membrane by about 5 mV. The latter finding was new and was focused on in later experiments. Both the hyperpolarization and depolarization became more marked when [K+]o was decreased to 1.35-2.7 mM, and became less with elevated [K+]o to 10.8-21.6 mM, thereby suggesting the participation of altered K+ conductance (gK) with these changes in the RP. Perfusion with low [Ca2+]o (0.45 mM) enhanced the depolarization but eliminated the hyperpolarization; high [Ca2+]o (7.2 mM) inhibited the depolarization without effect on the hyperpolarization. D-600 (1 microM), caffeine (10 mM), and ryanodine (1 microM), all of which may produce decreases in [Ca2+]i, abolished the hyperpolarization with inconsistent effects on the depolarization. Moderate to severe stretches decreased the maximum rate of rise of action potential (Vmax), by shifting the Vmax-RP relationship toward hyperpolarizing direction. The shift could be reversed partially after increasing [Mg2+]o to 8.0 mM. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) remained intact with mild to moderate stretches with significant lengthening of sarcomere length, while with a severe stretch, the SR showed a structural disarrangement with a non-uniform lengthening of sarcomere length. Our observations suggest that stretch-induced hyperpolarization is probably mediated by the increase in gK, presumably secondary to the increase in [Ca2+]i. Ca2+ may be released from the SR upon mechanical stretch of the organelle. PMID- 3249467 TI - Economic force maintenance in a phasic smooth muscle of mollusca. AB - The time course of the ability of active shortening was compared to that of isometric contractile force during contraction-relaxation cycles of the pedal retractor muscle of Mytilus by measuring the maximal shortening velocity and the rate of force redevelopment after a quick release. The contractile force had its peak at 2 s after stimulus initiation and decayed with a half relaxation time of 8.3 s at 10 degrees C. At 6 s after stimulus initiation, both the maximal velocity of shortening and the rate of force redevelopment had decreased to 30% or less of the initial values, while 70% of peak force was retained. The results suggest a mechanism of economic force maintenance with a reduced rate of crossbridge cycling. PMID- 3249466 TI - Two differential mechanisms of automaticity in diseased human atrial fibers. AB - The ionic mechanisms of automaticity in spontaneously active preparations (n = 38) from "diseased" human atria were investigated. The cycle length (CL) of the automatic action potential (AAP) ranged from 0.6 to 4.5 s (mean +/- S.D.: 2.0 +/- 1.0 s). The AAP from preparations obtained from non-digitalized patients (group 1, n = 29) showed various CLs, in that 16 patients had a CL longer than 2.0 s (slow-type AAP) while in tissues from the other 13 patients, the CL was 2.0 s or less (fast-type AAP). On the other hand, all preparations obtained from the digitalized patients prior to cardiac surgery (group 2, n = 9) had the fast-type AAP (CL less than or equal to 2.0 s). The slow-type AAP was accelerated and changed to the fast one after application of ouabain (1 microM) or by perfusing with 50% [Na+]o Tyrode solution. Ryanodine (1 microM), a specific inhibitor of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), markedly lengthened the CL of fast-type AAP, without affecting the slow-type AAP. In contrast, caffeine (15 mM) shortened the CL of the slow-type AAP and remarkably lengthened the CL of the fast-type AAP, as is the case in ryanodine. The rate of slow-type AAP was enhanced with an increase in [Ca2+]o and depressed with a decrease in [Ca2+]o or with application of diltiazem, a Ca2+ channel blocker. The slow-type AAP was changed to the fast-type AAP by stretching the preparation by about 20%. In vitro preparations excised from patients with dilated atria revealed a shorter CL of AAPs. We conclude that in "diseased" human atrial preparations, the ionic mechanism responsible for generation of slow- and fast-type automaticity differs. Slow automaticity (CL greater than 2.0 s) perhaps relates to activation of the slow inward Ca2+ current, while the fast-type automaticity (CL less than or equal to 2.0 s) is linked to cyclic increases in [Ca2+]i. PMID- 3249468 TI - Contraction of rat skeletal muscle after glycerol treatments. AB - The effects of glycerol (400 to 1,200 mM) treatment on contractions of rat soleus muscles were investigated. Glycerol induced temperature- and concentration dependent contractures which depended largely on extracellular calcium. Glycerol treatments reduced but did not abolish twitch, tetanus, and potassium contracture tension and these changes were far less at 22 than at 37 degrees C. Caffeine contractures were not altered following glycerol treatment at 22 degrees C, but were at 37 degrees C. It is suggested that the lesser effects of glycerol treatment on the soleus compared to other muscles may be due to its smaller transverse tubule system. Glycerol permeation and thus its osmotic action may be less in the soleus than in other muscles. PMID- 3249469 TI - Effects of extracellular calcium and other divalent cations on mechanical response of frog skeletal muscle. AB - In order to investigate the mechanism by which elevated extracellular Ca ions decrease twitch and tetanus tension in frog skeletal muscle we made mechanical and electrophysiological measurements on single fibers or small bundles from twitch muscles. High concentration of Ca caused a hyperpolarization and an increase in the duration of action potential. The mechanical threshold, estimated by using the strength-duration curve, was shifted upward by adding Ca ions. These effects were fully reversible. Steady state twitch tension was slightly increased by replacing Mg and Ni with Ca and decreased by elevating their concentrations, although Ba resulted in a marked twitch augmentation and a positive correlation with the ion concentration. By contrast, the strength-duration curve was shifted upward by Ni while Mg and Ba showed no shift. These evidences point to a failure of the early step of excitation-contraction coupling, including the T-membrane depolarization, as the primary mechanism of action of high concentration of Ca, Mg, and Ni ions, whereas Ba ion has an additional intracellular potentiating effect. PMID- 3249470 TI - Bilateral carotid body resection in man enhances hypoxic tachycardia. AB - In three groups of subjects we studied heart rate (HR) and ventilatory responses to progressive eucapnic hypoxia, steady-state hypercapnia with and without hypoxia, and hyperoxic and hypoxic breathholding (BH). Groups were six subjects about 25 years after bilateral carotid body resection (BR), eight subjects of an equally long period after unilateral resection (UR), and three control subjects similar to the study groups in age and pulmonary function (C). During progressive hypoxia, HR increased more in BR than in UR and C subjects. Ventilatory response was lowest in BR subjects (as expected). Steady-state hypoxic hypercapnia (end tidal PO2, 60 Torr) depressed HR significantly more in C than in BR and UR subjects. Again, ventilatory response was lower in BR than in C subjects. HR progressively increased during BH initiated in hyperoxia (end-tidal PO2, 200 Torr) and hypoxia (end-tidal PO2, 70 Torr). In the BR group, the HR increment during hypoxia was significantly larger than that during hyperoxia. No such difference was apparent in UR and C groups. Thus, hypoxia with or without hypercapnia tends to accelerate HR in BR subjects whereas either less tachycardia or slowing is seen in UR and C subjects. PMID- 3249471 TI - Neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric findings in right hemisphere damaged patients. AB - We evaluated 46 patients with right hemisphere strokes for unilateral spatial neglect (USN), anosognosia, hemiasomatognosia, extinction, constructional disturbance, motor impersistence and organic mental syndrome. High correlations were found among the incidences of USN, anosognosia, hemiasomatognosia, extinction, motor impersistence and constructional disturbance. USN, hemiasomatognosia, motor impersistence, constructional disturbance and anosognosia tended to occur with large lesions. Organic personality syndrome was frequent (33%) and was more often associated with USN, anosognosia, hemiasomatognosia, extinction, constructional disturbance and motor impersistence than other psychiatric symptoms. PMID- 3249472 TI - Blood groups and affective disorders. AB - Distributions of seven blood groups (ABO, MNSs, P, Rh, Duffy, Kidd and Xg) were studied in a total of 118 Japanese patients with affective disorders. The patients were diagnosed according to the DSM-III: (1) Major Depression (= Unipolar Disorder, UP) (2) Bipolar Disorder (BP) and (3) Other Affective Disorders. The following results were found: (1) a high frequency of the B blood group in all patients with affective disorders compared with controls; (2) a high frequency of the Fy(a+b+) and a low frequency of the Fy(a+b-) in all patients with affective disorders, UP and BP compared with controls; (3) a low frequency of the Jk(a+b+) and a high frequency of the Jk(a+b-) in BP compared with controls and with UP. PMID- 3249473 TI - Dysarthria after large doses of intravenous diazepam. AB - This is a description of a 34-month-old girl with dysarthria after a dosage of 37.5 mg/15 hours of intravenous diazepam (DZP). Dysarthria lasted 180 hours after the final dose. However, her respiration and blood pressure were normal, and disturbance of consciousness was mild and normalized at 77 hours. The clinical correlations of the concentrations of DZP and its active metabolite are discussed. PMID- 3249474 TI - F response abnormality in Parkinson's disease. AB - The F response was recorded from the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle (1st DI) and two antagonistic muscles, the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) and the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB), in 16 patients with Parkinson's disease and 22 age matched normal controls. In Parkinson's disease, the F responses from the 1st DI and the FDB occurred more frequently with a longer duration and a greater number of phases in comparison with the normal controls. In addition, the coefficient of variation of onset latency was significantly smaller in Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, the F response recorded from the EDB showed the same tendency as that from the FDB, but not to a significant extent. These findings suggest that the excitability of the spinal motor neurons is enhanced in rigid parkinsonian patients. It thus seems reasonable to assume that the main underlying cause of rigidity is an excessive supraspinal drive to the spinal motor neurons, including an increase in motoneuron excitability. PMID- 3249475 TI - Morphological changes of microvessels in the brain with Alzheimer's disease. AB - The pathological changes of microvessels in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease were examined at the ultrastructural level. With transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the endothelial cells of many capillaries and their pericytes exhibited atrophy and swelling with a narrowed lumen. The capillary basal laminas were thickened and tortuous. After isolation of the microvessels by ultrasonic treatment and collagenase digestion, the vascular wall structure was viewed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Most of the terminal arterioles had smooth muscle cells with an irregular shape and arrangement and often showed a series of focal constrictions. In some areas, the capillaries were arrayed in a bundle and terminated with tapered ends. Associated with the microvessels were fine filaments which may represent amyloid fibrils. The findings indicate that diffuse atrophy and the deletion of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex might be caused, at least partly, by a circulatory disturbance through the pathomorphologically changed microvessels. PMID- 3249476 TI - Diffuse white matter involvement seen in patients in longstanding bedridden state from cerebrovascular dementia. AB - We report here two autopsied cases of patients who had been in a longstanding bedridden state from cerebrovascular dementia. They showed a clinical history of persistent hypertension, a history of acute strokes, a lengthy clinical course with long plateau periods and a gradual accumulation of focal neurological symptoms and signs, including dementia and prominent motor disturbances and pseudobulbar palsy. They had been in a bedridden state for the last several years and had to be fed. The pathology seemed to predominently affect the perforating vessels to the subcortical gray and white matter. Demyelination, loss of axons, patchy gliosis and infiltration by macrophages were noted in the involved regions. The long penetrating vessels of the white matter showed advanced arteriosclerotic changes. There was a relative sparing of the cortex. The low attenuation of the white matter with moderate to severe atrophy, and an infarction might well be significant features on a CT-scan of these conditions. One of the possible mechanisms on the pathogenesis of chronic vascular disease includes diffuse ischemia related to hypertensive vasculopathy. PMID- 3249477 TI - Regulation of dopamine release by the autoreceptor after repeated methamphetamine treatment in rats: an intracerebral dialysis study. AB - A group of rats received intraperitoneal injections of methamphetamine (MAP) once a day for 14 days. Seven days after the last injection, the striatal dopamine efflux and its inhibition by a low dose (100 micrograms/kg) of apomorphine were examined by in vivo intracerebral dialysis. The extent of inhibition was not altered after the MAP pretreatment, which does not suggest the presence of subsensitivity of dopamine auto-receptors. PMID- 3249478 TI - Histopathological changes induced by disturbance of microcirculation in the rat brain. AB - Microcirculatory disturbance was induced in 8 rats after injecting microsphere latex (5 micron in diameter) from the right carotid artery. Ultrastructural observations revealed that initial changes occurred in the vascular feet of astroglial cells and the subsequent swelling of postsynapses. Succeedingly presynapses and nerve cells also became atrophic but this was considered to be caused by astrocytic degeneration. From these findings, it is speculated that the neuronal atrophy was secondary to the changes in the neuropil around the capillary caused by disturbance of the nutritional supply from the blood induced by microcirculatory disturbance. The above described findings seemed to have some similarity to those of nonspecific degeneration of the cortex observed in the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3249479 TI - Proceedings for the 3rd Workshop for the Biochemical and Pharmacological Research on Affective Disorders. May 27-28, 1988, Tokyo. Abstracts. PMID- 3249480 TI - [The relationship between lung function and the respiratory threshold of acetylcholine after asthmatic attack in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3249481 TI - [Diaphragmatic EMG using transesophageal electrodes in a myotonic dystrophy patient]. PMID- 3249482 TI - [Lung function and morphometry in a canine model of papain-induced emphysema]. PMID- 3249483 TI - [Transtracheal aspiration bacteriological studies of elderly pneumonia cases]. PMID- 3249484 TI - [A trial quantitative analysis or respiratory control system reproducibility through the use of variation coefficients of ventilatory parameters]. PMID- 3249485 TI - [Adherence of gram negative bacteria to human tracheobronchial mucin]. PMID- 3249486 TI - [A case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis recurrent after remission of fifteen years and associated with Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 3249487 TI - [Six cases of intrathoracic Castleman lymphoma]. PMID- 3249488 TI - [Sarcoidosis of scrotum: a case report]. PMID- 3249489 TI - [A case of pulmonary infarction with nodular opacities and reactive mesothelial cells in pleural effusion]. PMID- 3249491 TI - [A case of suspected allergic granulomatous angiitis following allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease]. PMID- 3249490 TI - [Clinicopathological studies on three cases of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)]. PMID- 3249492 TI - [A clinico-pathological study of the mode of evolution of lymphangitis carcinomatosa of the lung]. PMID- 3249494 TI - [Clinical evaluation of cases with pleural plaque on chest X-ray]. PMID- 3249493 TI - [Humoral and cellular components in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of atopic asthmatics]. PMID- 3249495 TI - [Respiratory bronchioles disease in patients without chronic air-flow limitation]. PMID- 3249496 TI - [Diagnostic value of determination of pleural and serum lysozyme activity in patients with pleural effusion of various causes]. PMID- 3249497 TI - [Diaphragm pacing in the treatment of central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome]. PMID- 3249498 TI - [Effects on blood leukocyte functions of long-term therapy with low doses of erythromycin in diffuse panbronchiolitis]. PMID- 3249499 TI - [Two cases of obstructive lung disease associated with collagen vascular diseases]. PMID- 3249500 TI - [A case of cystic lymphangioma with niveau formation]. PMID- 3249501 TI - [A case of primary myelolipoma of the posterior mediastinum]. PMID- 3249503 TI - [Surgical indication in lung cancer and evaluation of extended combined resection]. PMID- 3249502 TI - [Evaluation of valvular function in patients with mitral stenosis. A comparison of hemodynamic studies before and after operation at tachycardia with RV pacing]. PMID- 3249504 TI - [Pericardial drainage for cardiac tamponade using a percutaneous catheter introducer set]. PMID- 3249506 TI - [Venous reconstruction of superior vena cava syndrome with thymoma]. PMID- 3249505 TI - [Hemodynamic effect of oral amiodarone on the left ventricular function after global ischemia]. PMID- 3249507 TI - [A case of lung cancer with an anomaly of the left pulmonary artery]. PMID- 3249508 TI - [Congenital absence of the right pulmonary artery--a case report]. PMID- 3249509 TI - [A case of three-channeled dissection in Marfan's syndrome after Bentall's operation]. PMID- 3249510 TI - [A case of tracheal adenocarcinoma subjected to carinal reconstruction with total thoracic esophagectomy]. PMID- 3249511 TI - [A case report of supravalvular mitral ridge]. PMID- 3249512 TI - [Transpulmonary closure of the calcified patent ductus in two elderly women]. PMID- 3249513 TI - [Open heart surgery in a case of ventricular septal defect, infundibular stenosis, and aortic regurgitation associated with a periureteral venous ring]. PMID- 3249514 TI - [Evaluation of factors influencing the postoperative respiratory care in patients with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3249515 TI - [Long-term results after combined aortic and mitral valve replacement for acquired valvular heart diseases]. PMID- 3249516 TI - [Evaluation of operative methods for congenital aortic coarctation in infants]. PMID- 3249517 TI - [Activity detecting rate responsive atrial pacing]. PMID- 3249518 TI - [The SAM (Sakakibara-Arai-Mera) valve prosthesis; long-term experience]. PMID- 3249519 TI - [Sleeve lobectomy by preserving bronchial arteries]. PMID- 3249520 TI - [Surgical treatment of bronchogenic cyst of the diaphragm with diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 3249521 TI - [Alternative surgical approach in aged patients with annulo aortic ectasia (AAE)]. PMID- 3249522 TI - [A case of bilateral pneumothoraces due to intrathoracic communication through a defect in the mediastinal pleura]. PMID- 3249523 TI - [Multiple neurilemmomas of the chest wall]. PMID- 3249524 TI - [Report of a case of huge transverse aortic arch aneurysm ruptured into the pericardial sac]. PMID- 3249525 TI - [Studies on the nontuberculous lung mycobacteriosis in Japan (report of the study in the year 1986 of the Mycobacteriosis Research Group of the Japanese National Chest Hospitals)--the prevalence rate of nontuberculous lung mycobacteriosis in Japan is gradually increasing since 1984--the Mycobacteriosis Research Group of the Japanese National Chest Hospitals]. PMID- 3249526 TI - [Diagnosis of tuberculosis--analysis of 399 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed during the last 7 years]. PMID- 3249527 TI - Appearance and distribution of acetylcholinesterase activity in the developing nervous tissues in rat embryos. PMID- 3249528 TI - Multiplicity and tissue-specific expression of protein kinase C in rat tissues. PMID- 3249529 TI - An experimental study on the additional myocardial protective effect of adenosine triphosphate and nifedipine in cardioplegic solution. PMID- 3249530 TI - Maturation of the immune response: a computational model. AB - Experimental studies of the effect on antibody affinity of antigen dose and time after immunization show that average affinity increases progressively with time after immunization, and that this increase is greater at lower doses of antigen. In this paper we describe a polyclonal computer model of the immune system that yields all the essential phenomena of affinity maturation, including dose dependency. Our main findings are (1) the dose-dependency relationship is not produced when typical assumptions regarding B-cell populations and binding reactions are employed, and (2) it is possible to reproduce this dependency by assuming two classes of lymphocytes: generalists and specialists. Generalists have a low threshold for response and produce antibody of low effectiveness, whereas specialists have a high threshold for response, and produce highly effective antibody. We make an analogy between the generalists and a pioneer species in ecological succession, and suggest how the generalists may contribute to a more effective defense against real infections. PMID- 3249531 TI - Protein-ligand binding with a missing species. AB - Considerable experimental evidence has been produced recently that shows that in the binding of oxygen or carbon monoxide to certain tetrameric hemoglobins, the triply-ligated species is virtually non-existent. The binding polynomial representing this phenomenon for the general case is P(x) = 1 + beta 1x + ... + beta n-1xn-1 + beta nxn, where beta n-1 is nearly zero. The zeros, factorization and associated Hill plots of such binding polynomials with beta n-1 = 0 are investigated for the general case, and are analyzed in detail for n = 3 and n = 4. These results are then compared with the results obtained from experimental data on a number of tetrameric hemoglobins for which beta 3 is small. One concludes that, apart from the slope of the high-saturation asymptote of the Hill plot, a small perturbation of beta 3 from zero produces small changes in other properties associated with the binding process, such as fractional saturation, maximum Hill slope, and zeros and factorization of the binding polynomial. PMID- 3249532 TI - On the application of compartmental models to radioactive tracer kinetic studies of in vivo protein turnover in animals. AB - A mathematical framework is presented for unifying and extending the various compartmental models and formulae used to calculate fractional protein synthesis and degradation rates in animals from data obtained by infusing labelled amino acids. It is shown how the various schemes can be derived as special cases of the product-precursor model or some three-pool variant. Three-compartment representations, which circumvent the need to measure the specific radioactivity of the precursor pool, are proposed. The mathematical solutions are generally presented in a form that is amenable to parameter estimation by non-linear least squares. The problems of measuring the true precursor pool for protein synthesis are addressed, and theoretical consideration is given to assaying aminoacyl-tRNA. PMID- 3249533 TI - Comparison of the relative concentration of motile and non-motile bacteria in small pores. AB - The effect of small pores (similar in size to the stomata of plants) on the diffusion constants and relative concentrations of non-motile, randomly motile and chemotactic bacteria is considered. It is shown that although the Brownian diffusion constant of non-motile bacteria is a couple of orders of magnitude lower than the diffusion constant of motile bacteria, non-motile bacteria will still be present in both short (100 microns) and long (0.5 cm) pores in similar numbers to motile bacteria. It is postulated that this is due, at least in part, to the smaller amount of excluded volume for non-flagellated bacteria. PMID- 3249534 TI - Significance of the purine-pyrimidine motif present in most gene groups. AB - The probability of the sequence YRY(Ni)YRY occurring most frequently with the same i value in seven out of nine gene classes is reassessed and found to be about 1.3 X 10(-8), more than 4000 times greater than the value calculated by Arques & Michel (1987), but still much too small for chance to be a reasonable explanation for the observation. Even if the sequence YRYNNNNNNYRY were very frequent in the most primitive genes, it would not have survived in a recognizable form to the present day if it were selectively neutral. However, if it is selectively favoured one would expect it to exist regardless of whether it was present in primitive genes. PMID- 3249535 TI - Dependence of expected heterozygosity on locus number with stabilizing selection and drift. AB - I determine expected levels of heterozygosity in two allele multilocus models with mutation, stabilizing selection and drift. In the range 2 to 32 loci, the per locus heterozygosity can depend on the locus number. The per locus heterozygosity for ten loci can be as low as three fourths of the per locus heterozygosity in the limit, as the number of loci gets large. Simulations indicate that this dependence on locus number is not due to the population approaching equilibria at which the mean differs from the optimum, but is due to changes in the substitution rate as a function of the number of loci. PMID- 3249536 TI - A series expression for the surface area of an ellipsoid and its application to the computation of the surface area of avian erythrocytes. AB - Knowledge of the surface area of cells is necessary for biophysical studies in which the permeability coefficient of a cell-type for a solute is defined. Under the microscope, avian erythrocytes have the appearance of an oval discus usually with a central elongated nucleus. The dimensions of these cells have been obtained for a large range of species over the past century. However, estimates of the surface areas have been obtained using mathematically simplistic models such as flattened circular cylinders. We modelled red cells of the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus) as ellipsoids using the previously published dimensions to obtain the three semi-axis lengths. Although the mathematical expression for the volume of an ellipsoid is well known, an expression for the surface area is not. We present a general expression for the surface area of an ellipsoid that is a power series involving elliptic integrals and functions; the latter being rapidly evaluated by computer using standard series expressions. Our estimates of area are compared with earlier ones and those obtained by numerical integration of the surface. PMID- 3249537 TI - The use of Markov chain models in studying the evolution of the proteins. AB - In a recent paper Giulio & Caldararo (1987) used a Markov chain model to study the evolution of proteins. Unfortunately, their use of a first-order Markov chain model at the amino acid level is incorrect. The model has to be applied at the codon level [Jorre & Curnow (1975a)] followed by amalgamation of the codon states corresponding to each amino acid and of the three codons specifying termination. The model is correctly applied in this paper. The results obtained do not differ substantially from those obtained by Giulio & Caldararo (1987). The interpretation of the results as supporting the neutralist view of protein evolution is criticized. PMID- 3249538 TI - To each genotype a separate strategy--a dynamic game theory model of a general diploid system. AB - A dynamic game theory model is presented for a diploid system in which each genotype corresponds to a different strategy. The population mates randomly and the strategy, which is determined by a single locus, is expressed only in the male. A general analytic solution for any number of alleles does not appear to be possible, but the cases of two and three alleles are treated in detail. A stability analysis applicable to any number of alleles is presented, so that any equilibria located by numerical methods can be checked for local stability. Computer programs for doing all of these calculations are available from the author. PMID- 3249539 TI - Movable finite automata (MFA) models for biological systems. II: Protein biosynthesis. AB - A recently introduced class of models, the Movable Finite Automata (MFA) models, are used for simulating the elongation of the polypeptide chain in protein biosynthesis. The results of these simulations, all carried out on a microcomputer, are given. PMID- 3249540 TI - The use of antibodies to intermediate filament proteins in the differential diagnosis of stomach lymphoma versus poorly differentiated carcinoma, using small tissue samples obtained from routine biopsies during endoscopy. PMID- 3249542 TI - Characteristics of certain features of Candida strains with reduced nystatin sensitivity and assessment of the activity of new derivatives of nystatin and polyfungin against these strains. PMID- 3249541 TI - The effects of new nystatin and polyfungin derivatives as compared to original antibiotics on Candida strains isolated from patients with recurrent mycoses. PMID- 3249543 TI - Hirschsprung's disease: alpha-naphthylesterase activity in the enzyme histochemical evaluation of the extent of the aganglionic segment during surgery. PMID- 3249544 TI - Sub-acute toxicity study with mephenesin in rats. PMID- 3249545 TI - Fructosamine level in blood serum of patients with diabetes mellitus type I (IDDM) in different stages of the disease. PMID- 3249546 TI - Chronic diseases in Zagreb and Croatia Yugoslavia--the leading health problem. Committee for Health and Social Welfares. PMID- 3249547 TI - Complications in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3249548 TI - Experimental studies on the application of various surgical threads used for reconstruction of fresh injuries of the calcaneal tendon. PMID- 3249549 TI - Serum PGF2 alpha concentration during tocolysis effected with Salbupart "Polfa" in imminent premature labour. PMID- 3249550 TI - Sexual problems in the young adults of Bundelkhand region. PMID- 3249551 TI - Management of minimal residual malignancy in man. PMID- 3249552 TI - Serum lipid-bound sialic acid as a tumoral marker in minimal residual tumors. PMID- 3249553 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy and the kinetic refractoriness of minimal residual tumors. PMID- 3249554 TI - [Use of biological markers in depression in the elderly]. PMID- 3249556 TI - [Identification and self image in first and second adolescence. Comparison between males and females of a student population]. PMID- 3249555 TI - [Relationship between depressive and obsessive manifestations]. PMID- 3249557 TI - [Feeding behavior and body image in anorexia and obesity]. PMID- 3249558 TI - Experimental infection of the opossum Didelphis Albiventris (Marsupialia, Didelphidae) with Leishmania donovani. PMID- 3249559 TI - The role of behavior in the survival of Biomphalaria glabrata in bioassays with the plant molluscicide Phytolacca dodecandra. AB - This work examines the role of behavior in the survival of Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg l-1 of Phytolacca dodecandra. Time-lapse cinematography was used to quantify accurately the following parameters: (a) frequency of exits from the solution, (b) time spent out of the solution and (c) time elapsed until the first exit from the solution. These behavior patterns were statistically compared between surviving snails and those which later died. The proportion of surviving snails leaving the liquid medium was significantly higher than that of dying snails. In addition, the surviving group spent significantly more time out of the solution than the group which died, except for the 100 mg l 1 concentration. However, no significant difference was detected in the time elapsed until the first exit from the solution. It can be concluded that both the tendency to leave the P. dodecandra solutions, and the time spent out of them, contributed significantly to snail survival. Molluscicide bioassays should take into account the possibility that some behavior patterns of planorbids might contribute to the protection of the snails. PMID- 3249560 TI - Studies on survival, biological activities and behavior of Biomphalaria glabrata, the host snail of schistosomiasis, submitted to increased hydrostatic pressure: a technique. AB - To study changes in survival, in biological activities and behavior of planorbids submitted to increased hydrostatic pressure, we developed a technique using two transparent chambers and a hydraulic piston. The apparatus permitted renewal of the liquid medium without substantial variations in pressure, thus eliminating excretion products and maintaining the desired O2 level and thereby permitting us to evaluate the effects of pressure independently of the occurrence of anoxia. Pressure was maintained without any contact of the liquid medium with compressed air, a situation which reproduced with relative fidelity what occurs in nature and assured the presence of the same amounts of gases in the two observation chambers (Control and Experimental). Biomphalaria glabrata was found to be able to survive at least 48 hours when submitted to 49.02 x 10(4) Pa (equivalent to a water depth of 48.8 m), continuing to lay egg masses and showing few behavioral changes when compared with the control group. PMID- 3249561 TI - Rapid detection by transmission electron microscopy of mycoplasma contamination in sera and cell cultures. AB - Transmission electron microscopy has been employed for the rapid detection of mycoplasma in sera and cell cultures. High speed centrifugation of sera or low speed centrifugation of cell debris, followed by negative staining of the resuspended pellet, detected mycoplasma contamination more frequently than a culture method followed by direct fluorescence (DAPI), which was used as a control procedure. The appearance of the mycoplasma cell border and content gives some information about particle viability. PMID- 3249563 TI - [Effect of several extracts derived from plants on the survival of larvae of Aedes fluviatilis (Lutz) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the laboratory]. AB - The larvicidal properties of 34 plant extracts were tested against Aedes fluviatilis (Lutz) (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae, at 100, 10 and 1 ppm concentrations; 26.6% of the extracts enhanced larval mortality (alpha = 0.05) at 100 ppm (Anacardium occidentale, Agave americana, Allium sativum, Coriandrum sativum, Nerium oleander, Spatodea campanulata, Tibouchina scrobiculata and Vernonia salzmanni). Anacardic acid (A. occidentale) was effective at 10 ppm and A. sativum (crude extract) at 1 ppm. PMID- 3249562 TI - Influence of experimental illumination and seasonal variation on crossbreeding mating in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. AB - The crossbreeding activities of the Schistosoma mansoni vector snail Biomphalaria glabrata were counted in a laboratory aquarium throughout the year under two regimes of 12h light: 12h dark from 7 A. M. to 10 P. M. Mating increased significantly in Autumn and Winter and just missed a significant inverse correlation with temperature and a direct one with locomotion. Other similar experiments were carried out to compare mating under various illumination conditions in complete daily cycle measurements. Mating counts decreased under the regimes which submitted snail to a total exposure of 12h light and 12h dark during a daily cycle in the following sequence: 12h light:12h dark alternating hourly with light gradient, 12h light:12h dark, 1h light:1h dark and 12h dark:12h light. Under two constant illuminations, the mating scored less than under the previous conditions, except under 12h dark:12h light. Under darkness the mating count was lower than under light conditions. There was no way to differentiate the night and day rhythms of mating on different days in each regime, except for mating under 12h light:12h dark alternating with light gradient, constant dark and 12h dark:12h light conditions. Mating increased in certain light and temperature conditions, in which the intensities should have an optimum value. PMID- 3249564 TI - [The yeast flora of fishes from the Danube delta and Lake Sasyk]. PMID- 3249565 TI - [The action of dichloroacetic acid derivatives on citric acid biosynthesis in Aspergillus niger]. PMID- 3249566 TI - [Sporulating aerobic bacteria and fungi from the skin of the breasts of pregnant women]. PMID- 3249567 TI - [Bacteria of the respiratory tract in Black Sea dolphins]. PMID- 3249568 TI - [Storage of mycobacteria on paper disks under laboratory conditions]. PMID- 3249569 TI - [Effect of environmental factors on lectin biosynthesis by Bacillus mesentericus]. PMID- 3249570 TI - [The nature of the uvs mutations of Streptomyces olivaceus VKX strain 22c supersensitive to UV light]. PMID- 3249571 TI - [Changes in the biological properties of Yersinia pestis during long-term intracellular multiplication]. PMID- 3249572 TI - [Lipolytic activity of sporulating aerobic bacteria isolated from various sources]. PMID- 3249573 TI - [Biological properties and the molecular structure of variants of the influenza virus isolated from the body of mice during persistent infection]. PMID- 3249574 TI - [The sanitary bacteriologic characteristics of the air in Kharkov subway stations]. PMID- 3249575 TI - [An integrated method of using biological and chemical insecticides for controlling flies]. PMID- 3249577 TI - [Evaluation of the adhesive properties of non-O1-group Vibrio cholerae isolated from people and open reservoirs]. PMID- 3249576 TI - [Physiologically active substances of the fungal preparation "VFZh"]. PMID- 3249578 TI - [Effect of the cultivation conditions on the development of adhesive and hemagglutinating properties in the causative agent of cholera]. PMID- 3249579 TI - [The enzyme activity of the main catabolic metabolism pathways in L-form and typical-form Vibrio cholerae cells]. PMID- 3249581 TI - [Isolation, chromatographic characteristics and subunit structure of the DNA dependent RNA-polymerase of Acholeplasma laidlawii PG-8]. PMID- 3249580 TI - [Effect of certain factors on the antimicrobial activity of salvin]. PMID- 3249582 TI - [The synthesis of group B vitamins under various conditions for the cultivation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus on ethanol media]. PMID- 3249583 TI - [Plasmocoagulase of bacteria in the genus Bacillus]. PMID- 3249584 TI - [The action of microbial antagonists on the coccal bacteria of the skin]. PMID- 3249585 TI - [Detection of virions morphologically identical to the influenza virus in the small intestine of piglets]. PMID- 3249586 TI - [The growth characteristics of ethanol-assimilating yeasts and their synthesis of B-group vitamins]. PMID- 3249587 TI - [Partial purification and properties of extracellular NADP+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase in Fusarium sp]. PMID- 3249588 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment problems of rhinophycomycosis (conidiobolusomycosis)]. PMID- 3249589 TI - [Effect of Pseudomonas carnea--the active principle of a microbial insecticide- on the body of animals]. PMID- 3249590 TI - [The modifying action of normal human blood serum on vaccinal EV76 and virulent 363(1/1479) strains of Yersinia pestis]. PMID- 3249591 TI - [Transcriptases of Mollicutes studied using specific inhibitors of these enzymes]. PMID- 3249592 TI - [Gram-negative bacteria in suppurative wounds]. PMID- 3249593 TI - [Comparative data on adsorption-coagulation water purification of pathogenic Escherichia of various origins]. PMID- 3249594 TI - [Effect of preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 on warm-blooded animals]. PMID- 3249595 TI - [Development of protoplasts of Streptomycetes on media favoring the regeneration and formation of L-forms]. AB - The protoplasts of three Streptomyces species and their regenerative ability were studied using light microscopy. When Streptomyces lividans and S. erythraeus protoplasts are cultivated on regeneration media, their regeneration is not synchronous during the first day; some protoplasts revert to yield the mycelial form and also L-forms of these cultures are produced. If the protoplasts are transferred to a medium inducing L-forms, they grow and multiply for a long time with the production of L-form colonies. This process is maintained if S. lividans L-form cells are passaged on the medium inducing L-forms, but the protoplasts revert to yield the mycelial form on the regeneration medium. PMID- 3249596 TI - [Immunochemical characteristics of a lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aurantiaca]. AB - A lipopolysaccharide was isolated from Pseudomonas aurantiaca IMB 31 by extraction with aqueous phenol and purified by ultracentrifugation. The lipopolysaccharide was confined to the phenol phase. Fucosamine (2-amino-2,6 dideoxygalactose) (36%) and bacillosamine (2,4-diamino-3,4,6-trideoxyglucose) (23%) were identified as hypothetic components of the O-chain in the carbohydrate moiety of the macromolecule using the techniques of paper chromatography, gas liquid chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography on an amino acid analyser. Rhamnose, glucose, galactose, glucosamine and galactosamine were detected as hypothetical components of the core in the lipopolysaccharide composition, as well as 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, heptose, alpha-alanine and phosphorus, usual components of the core in Pseudomonas. The following predominant fatty acids were identified in the composition of lipid A using the techniques of gas-liquid chromatography with standard compounds and gas-liquid mass spectrometry: 3-OH C10:0 (14.4%), C12:0 (30.5%), 2-OH C12:0 (14.9%), 3-OH C12:0 (17.4%), C16:0 (9.9%). The serological relationship between P. aurantiaca strains was studied, and their phylogenetic relationship with P. fluorescens is discussed. PMID- 3249597 TI - [Rate of endogenous respiration of Pseudomonas cells]. AB - A method is proposed for determining the rate of endogenous respiration in Pseudomonas cells grown under the conditions of batch cultivation. The method takes into account the dynamic characteristics of the gauge and of the secondary instrument. The rate of Pseudomonas endogenous respiration was shown to be at the beginning of the range established earlier for other bacteria. PMID- 3249598 TI - [Growth and spore formation in Bacillus thuringiensis at high substrate concentrations]. AB - The work was aimed at studying the effect exerted by elevated concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and acetate on the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae, strain 69-6, and on the formation of spores and crystals by it. Glucose concentrations from 30 to 100 g per litre did not prevent spore formation. Yeast extract inhibited spore formation to a greater extent and stopped it almost completely at a concentration of 20 g per litre. Acetate at a concentration of 1.0 to 10 g per litre delayed spore formation and produced a less action on crystal formation, so that those processes were uncoupled in time. PMID- 3249600 TI - [The nonlinear properties of changes in length of an active muscle]. AB - The main nonlinear properties of muscle movement under conditions of controlled changes of external load were studied in ankle extensors of anaesthetized cats. Summation of responses to successive short-lasting changes in external load was shown to be absent due to hysteresis effects, that was the reason for stabilizing effects which active muscle produced on the motor control. Trajectories of the movement were dependent on its prehistory and the velocity at the beginning of the movement was invariably higher when the preceding movement had the same direction. These important nonlinear properties of muscle dynamics were also provided by hysteresis of muscle contraction. Functional consequences of the nonlinear muscle dynamics are discussed. PMID- 3249599 TI - [Effect of the stimulation of the central gray substance of the midbrain on the neuronal responses of the trigeminal caudal nucleus during peripheral excitations]. AB - Experiment on cats under chloralose-nembutal anaesthesia has shown that 65% responses of caudal trigeminal nucleus neurons to the activation of the tooth pulp, A alpha and/or A delta infraorbital nerve afferents were completely suppressed by conditioning stimulation of the central grey matter (CGM) by a train of stimuli (10-20) that followed with the rate of 200-400/s, if the interval between conditioning and testing stimuli did not exceed 100 ms. Conditioning stimulation of the CGM inhibited responses of the "convergent" neurons to the activation of tooth pulp most efficiently (0.76) and those to the activation of A alpha afferents more weakly (0.6). Effectiveness of "high threshold" neurons inhibition under the effect of CGM stimulation was 0.71 and that of "low-threshold" neurons--0.48. Ten caudal trigeminal nucleus neurons were activated by the CGM stimulation with the latency of 7.5-20 ms. These neurons did not respond to peripheral nerve stimulation for 200-450 ms after CGM activation. A possible role of caudal trigeminal nucleus neurons in the CGM inhibition of jaw opening reflexes is discussed. PMID- 3249601 TI - [Cytophotometric study of catecholamines and energy metabolism enzymes in the neurons of the rat celiac plexus during cold and emotional stresses]. AB - The content of catecholamines and activity of the energy metabolism enzymes in neurons of the celiac ganglia during cold and emotional stress were studied histochemically using a computer analysis. It was shown that acute short-term cooling increased catecholamine fluorescence intensity, as well as succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the celiac ganglia neurons, whereas short-term emotional stress induced no changes in the fluorescence intensity and enzyme activity. PMID- 3249602 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the central gray substance on the low- and high threshold responses of the reticular neurons in the pons and medulla oblongata]. AB - The modulation of somatosensory responses of bulbar (n. reticularis gigantocellularis) and pontine (n. reticularis pontis caudalis) reticular neurons by electrical stimulation of periaqueductal gray matter (PGM) was studied in cats under light chloralose anaesthesia. PGM points which evoked the inhibition of nociceptive jaw opening reflex were stimulated. It was found that in most cases (88%) the PGM stimulation had an inhibitory effect on both nociceptive and non nociceptive responses of reticular neurons. For bulbar cells with predominant high-threshold inputs nociceptive responses were depressed much stronger than non nociceptive ones and in pontine neurons for which low-threshold inputs were predominant non-nociceptive responses were inhibited mainly. The data suggest that the inhibitory action of PGM stimulation on somatosensory activity of reticular neurons are based on the principle of the "control of their main synaptic input". PMID- 3249603 TI - [Propagation of the activity along the "stepping strip" of the spinal cord in the cat]. AB - Three stepping points (SPs) were found in one dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord at the low thoracic level in mesencephalic cats. The SPs were at a distance of about 8 mm from one another, and stimulation of each SP elicited stepping of the ipsilateral hind limb. Synaptic responses of single neurons to stimulation of the caudal and rostral SPs before and after electrolytic lesion of the intermediate SP were recorded 5-17 mm caudal to the caudal SP. Neurons excited by caudal SP stimulation encountered after the lesion as often as before it, whereas stimulation of the rostral SP (4 pps) evoked responses 5 times more seldom than before lesion. Even stimulation of the rostral SP with the frequency of 40-60 pps which increased essentially a lesion firing index before coagulation, excited only a few neurons. Thus, synaptic excitation of neurons becomes significantly more difficult after damage of the stepping strip between stimulation and recording sites. PMID- 3249604 TI - [Properties of the response of frog motoneurons to glutamate application]. AB - The reversal potential (E) of the glutamate response produced by iontophoretically applied glutamate and that of the EPSP's recorded from three synaptic inputs produced by reticular formation (RF), dorsal roots (DS), and microstimulation of presynaptic terminals (PT) at the point of glutamate application were compared at the same motoneuron of the isolated frog spinal cord using current-chop technique. Following Cs injection the glutamate response and EPSP's were reversed. Different points of glutamate application were tested. Mean values of E were: Eglu = -16.9 +/- 1.7 mV (n = 13), EPT = -15.1 +/- 1.4 mV (n = 13), ERF = -6.8 +/- 1.7 mV (n = 13), EOR = -9.8 +/- 1.8 mV (n = 6). The summation of the glutamate responses and EPSP was close to linear. Increase of the input conductance did not exceed 10%. The results obtained suggest that glutamate induces depolarization via the receptors of the postsynaptic membrane and may serve as a neurotransmitter in all of the studied inputs. PMID- 3249605 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of the RPDI neuron in the pond snail and its participation in the processing of multimodality sensory information]. AB - The morphology of giant neuron RPDI in right parietal ganglia of Lymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca, Gastropoda) was studied by intracellular injection of the Lucifer Yellow. The branches of RPDI were found in nerves of right parietal, visceral, cerebral and pedal ganglia. Concentration of branches was revealed in visceral, right parietal and pleural ganglia. The branches of RPDI were observed also along peripheral nerves. Responses of the neuron to the adequate stimulation of various sensory structures (tentacles, lips, mantle, etc.) were studied by electrophysiological methods. It was shown that RPDI had a wide polymodal sensory input and responded to the adequate stimulation of mechano-, chemo- and photoreceptors in the head skin and mantle. Applied stimuli caused either subthreshold EPSP or spike response in the neuron. Neuron responses of the neuron conditions of chemical synapses blockade are discussed. PMID- 3249607 TI - [Correlation of the electrical and mechanical resonance frequencies of the cochlear hair cells of the auditory nerve fibers in the pigeon]. AB - Base period (BP) of the quasi-periodical spontaneous activity and characteristic frequency (CF) were determined in 67 auditory fibres of pigeon: BP.CF = 1.02 +/- 0.08 (c.f. 10, 11). This evidences for the coincidence between the frequencies of electrical and mechanical resonances of hair cell. Active electric resonance in the cell membrane is evoked by the positive feedback between mechanoelectric and electromechanical transduction in the cochlear hair cell. PMID- 3249606 TI - [Effect of vasopressin on the somatic membrane of spinal ganglion neurons]. AB - The application of vasopressin (VP) in the isolated perfused dorsal root ganglia of 22-36 days old rats was studied by means of intracellular technique. 86.76% of cells have responded to the VP application. Depolarization was observed in 67.8% responded cells, the mixed response--in 16.95% cells, hyperpolarization--in 15.25% cells. All responses were dose-dependent and reversible. Input resistance (Rm) of the cell membrane decreased during depolarization and increased during hyperpolarization. The VP-evoked depolarization was accompanied by an increase in the action potential (AP) duration and decrease in the AP amplitude and after hyperpolarization. Neurons with slow conduction velocity, high Rm and prolonged AP (small cells) had the lowest threshold of the sensitivity to VP (1.10(-11) M) and prolonged high-amplitude responses. Cells with the rapid conduction velocity, low Rm and rapid AP (large cells) responded to 1.10(-8) M, but sometimes even 1.10(-6) M had no effect. Depolarization in these neurons had smaller duration and low amplitude: sometimes hyperpolarization was observed. These results confirm the possibility that VP has effect on small neurons predominantly. PMID- 3249608 TI - [Neuronal background activity in surviving slices of guinea pig visual cortex]. AB - Visual cortex slices of guinea pig were maintained in vitro. Background neuronal activity was recorded extracellularly. Five types of the activity were revealed: single regular, single irregular, bursting, group and mixed discharges. The regular pacemaker-type discharges were encountered more often than other types. Such regular activity was never observed in the neocortex in vivo. The type of the background activity of one and the same neuron may change with time. PMID- 3249609 TI - [Characteristics of the effect of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid on the spinal cord neurons in the lamprey]. AB - Responses of isolated spinal cord neurons of lamprey on glycine and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) were investigated by means of intracellular perfusion and concentration clamp techniques. Responses on both amino acids exhibited fast but not full desensitization. Preincubation of neurons in the solution of one mediator led to full disappearance of the response to other mediator. It is suggested that these amino acids act on the same channel-receptor complex. PMID- 3249610 TI - [The "trap"--a modification of the block of neuronal nicotinic cholinoceptors]. AB - The effect of IEM-1742, a pentaethonium derivative, on the currents induced by iontophoretic applications of acetylcholine was studied in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell modification. Blocking action increased with membrane hyperpolarization and was removed by strong membrane depolarization. Apparent dissociation constant for the receptor blocker reaction was found to be (2.9 +/- 0.6) 10(-6) M (n = 6) at -50 mV and 20 23 degrees C. IEM-1742 blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in its activated form. The dissociation of IEM-1742 from the receptor was drastically accelerated during its activation by agonist (trap-block). Trapped receptor was not released from the blocker only by membrane depolarization to the level at which any blocking effect is absent. The data obtained show that IEM-1742 in rat sympathetic ganglion neurons acts in the potential-dependent manner and displays a trap-effect. PMID- 3249611 TI - [Plasma and erythrocyte lipids in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. AB - The authors studied the changes of lipids of the plasma and erythrocytes in 10 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in 20 controls matched for age. In the plasma of patients with ALS increased levels were found of free cholesterol and triglycerides, with a decrease of lysophosphatidylcholine. The values of lipid fractions in erythrocyte membranes were not significantly different between these groups, with exception of increased level of total phospholipids (including phosphatidylethanolamine) and cholesterol. PMID- 3249613 TI - [Effect of vinyl chloride and its polymers on the nervous system]. AB - The study was undertaken for assessment of the effect of vinyl chloride and is polymers on the nervous system. A group of 200 patients working in the production of VC were studies. The group comprised 155 men and 45 women aged 19-46 years (mean 40). The duration of employment was over 5 years in most workers (85.5%), and 26% worked over 20 years (mean duration 14 years). On the basis of neurological examinations clinical groups were isolated: without neurological changes (58 workers), with symptoms (54), with organic signs (88). The studied groups were not different with respect to age. The shortest duration of employment was in workers without neurological abnormalities. In the complex of symptoms tension headaches, irritability and sleep disturbances prevailed. Organic signs manifested themselves most frequently with pyramidal abnormalities (52), cerebellar (40), sensory trigeminal nerve involvement (24) and pyramidal cerebellar syndromes (26). In the group of workers with evidence of organic nervous system lesions significantly more frequently a history of acute poisonings, Raynaud's syndrome and hepatic involvement were found. The neurotic symptoms with minor pyramidal-cerebellar signs and sensory trigeminal neuropathy may be related aetiologically to the toxic effect of vinyl chloride. PMID- 3249612 TI - [Electroencephalographic studies and endoscopy in peptic ulcer. Correlation of EEG changes and the endoscopic image]. AB - In the Institute of Maritime Medicine EEG, endoscopic and psychiatric neurological examinations were carried out in 169 cases of peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum. Low-voltage and abnormal records were associated usually with larger ulcers of the stomach or duodenum. These abnormalities were significantly more frequent in cases of duodenal ulcer than in stomach ulcer, and were characteristic fora cases with symptoms of neurosis. EEG changes are due, according to the authors, to coexistent emotional disturbances or neurosis. PMID- 3249614 TI - [Spasm of the cerebral arteries in angiographic studies in relation to the duration of bleeding from the aneurysm]. AB - The purpose of the study was determination of the incidence of arteriospasm in the brain in relation to the time after the last bleeding to the time of angiography. The authors analysed 209 cases of bleeding in which one-time angiography of the carotid arteries was done. In 45% of cases arteriospasm was found. The lowest incidence of arteriospasm was observed 1-3 days after the last bleeding, and highest on days 7-9 after this bleeding. PMID- 3249615 TI - [A case of malignant extrameningeal meningioma of the spinal canal with multiple metastases in a 17-year-old patient. Clinical and morphologic studies]. AB - A clinical description and pathological findings are reported in a case of extrameningeal, angiogenic malignant meningioma of the vertebral canal (Th7-Th11) in a patient aged 17 years. Clinical picture was that of transverse myelitis at the Th9 level, with spastic paraparesis, funicular loss of all sensory functions and sphincter disturbances. The authors suppose that the used combined treatment (chemotherapy and radiotherapy, surgery) improved greatly the health state inhibiting the spread of metastases and prolonged survival to 3 years. Autopsy demonstrated recurrence of he tumour in the vertebral canal and numerous metastases to the brain, lungs, liver, bones and pancreas. PMID- 3249616 TI - [A case of cerebral cysticercosis treated with praziquantel in the postoperative period]. AB - A 51-year-old man with cerebellar signs and raised intracranial pressure had negative indirect and serological tests for cysticercosis. During operation cysticerci were removed from the cisterna magna, fourth ventricle and aqueduct. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cysticercosis. After operation the condition of the patient deteriorated consciousness disturbances, involuntary movements of the left upper extremity and paraparesis appeared. Only after treatment with Praziquantel with simultaneous administration of oedema reducing agents nearly complete regression of neurological manifestations was achieved. PMID- 3249617 TI - [Familial occurrence of calcinosis of the basal ganglia]. AB - In two sisters aged 36 and 38 years symmetrical calcifications were found in the vicinity of the pallidum in brain CT. In the younger sister epileptic seizures and transient focal signs were due to arrhythmias of the heart caused by mitral valve leaflet prolapse. In the second case no neurological signs were found. The calcifications were probably genetically determined suggesting an autosomal recessive inheritance. The described cases are another example of familial calcifications in basal ganglia without neurological changes. PMID- 3249619 TI - [Our observations regarding the treatment of multiple sclerosis with TFX "Polfa"]. PMID- 3249618 TI - [Aneurysmal cyst of the cervico-thoracic junction of the spine]. AB - The authors report an extensive aneurysmal cyst of the spine at the cervicothoracic junction. During the disease in the patient (a girl aged 9 years) high-grade tetraparesis developed (with complete paralysis of lower extremities but with spared deep sensation and retained sphincter control). In the treatment a two-stage operation with radical removal of the cyst from anterior and posterior approach, spondylodesis and radiotherapy gave very good results as compared with the very poor condition before the operation. Nearly complete movements of all extremities returned, superficial sensation loss regressed. The usefulness of surgical treatment even in such advanced cases is stressed. CT was very helpful in the assessment of the extent of the tumour and its growth rate. PMID- 3249620 TI - [Intracranial epidural implantation of a Gaeltec ICT/b sensor in the light of our experience]. PMID- 3249621 TI - [Evaluation of additional respiratory work in a new Drager Evita ventilator]. PMID- 3249622 TI - [Washout curve of isoflurane in adult and aged patients]. PMID- 3249623 TI - [Atracurium besylate in general surgery. Our experience in 100 cases]. PMID- 3249624 TI - [Pefloxacin in the treatment of severe infections in intensive care]. PMID- 3249625 TI - [Bacteremia as a complication of nasotracheal intubation: usefulness of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in its prevention]. PMID- 3249626 TI - [Effect of age on the outcome of severe trauma. Our experience in 149 cases]. PMID- 3249627 TI - [Respiratory distress syndrome in a case of ferrous sulfate poisoning]. PMID- 3249628 TI - [Protective effect of cesium ions in myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 3249629 TI - [Calcium-induced disorders of myocardial contractility in rats and their prevention with the antioxidant ionol]. PMID- 3249630 TI - [Disorders of metabolism and cardiac function in subacute adriamycin injury of the myocardium]. PMID- 3249631 TI - [Changes in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the myocardium of rats with high and low resistance to hypoxia after administration of a cardiotoxic dose of epinephrine]. PMID- 3249632 TI - [Inderal as an agent for preventing postresuscitation heart injuries]. PMID- 3249633 TI - [Results of studying impedance of rabbit skeletal muscle during its electric stimulation]. PMID- 3249634 TI - [Comparative evaluation of two methods for screening cardioplegic agents on an isolated heart]. PMID- 3249635 TI - [Study of the nonuniformity of the pathologically altered auricle of the atrium in man and dogs according to the rhythmo-inotropic response]. PMID- 3249636 TI - [Modelling of the status of right-ventricular insufficiency by means of an artificial heart ventricle]. PMID- 3249638 TI - [Role of venous blood return to the heart in restoring myocardial energy metabolism in experimental acute cardiovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 3249637 TI - [Effect of medium molecular weight blood peptides in burns on the contractility of the isolated myocardium and the regulation of cardiac rhythm]. PMID- 3249639 TI - [Mechanism of action of staphylococcal toxin on the heart]. PMID- 3249640 TI - [Features of central hemodynamics in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia in humans]. PMID- 3249641 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of fenicoberan in the acute period of experimental myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3249642 TI - [Various parameters of microcirculation in the postischemic period during esculamine administration]. PMID- 3249643 TI - [Electrical properties of limb muscular tissue in acute ischemia]. PMID- 3249644 TI - [Effect of hypoxia and streptase on the blood and abdominal aorta in rats]. PMID- 3249645 TI - [Role of disturbed erythrocyte membrane functions in developing tissue hypoergia and lactoacidosis in threatening conditions]. PMID- 3249646 TI - [A device for immobilizing laboratory animals]. PMID- 3249647 TI - [Experience in organizing the scientific research work of students at a department of pathologic physiology]. PMID- 3249649 TI - [Tumor multiplicity in subjects with malignant neoplasms of the tongue]. PMID- 3249648 TI - [Epidemiology and natural history of malignant neoplasms of the tongue in the province of Trieste]. PMID- 3249650 TI - Neonatal evaluation of non immunologic hydrops fetalis. Report of 31 cases. PMID- 3249651 TI - [Pathogenesis of hepatic changes secondary to cholestasis]. PMID- 3249652 TI - Electron microscopic features of biliary cirrhosis in the rat after ligation of the common bile duct. PMID- 3249653 TI - [Unusual case of thyroid tumor: follicular carcinoma with associated areas of squamous carcinoma]. PMID- 3249654 TI - Effect of free radical scavengers on superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - The in vitro and in vivo effects of three hepatoprotective antioxidants (silymarin, (+)cyanidanol-3 and 4-amino-5-imidazole-carboxamide-phosphate) on the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme were studied in erythrocytes and lymphocytes from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. In vitro incubation with the drugs in a concentration corresponding to the usual therapeutic dosage markedly increased (i) the SOD expression of lymphocytes as measured by flow-cytofluorimetry following staining with monoclonal anti-Cu, Zn SOD-antibody and FITC-conjugated anti-mouse Ig, as well as (ii) erythrocyte and lymphocyte SOD activities. In vivo treatment also restored the originally low SOD activity and expression of the patients' lymphocytes and erythrocytes. The data indirectly suggest that antioxidant activity might be one of the important factors in the hepatoprotective action of these agents. PMID- 3249655 TI - Determination of the aminoterminal peptide of procollagen type III and laminin P1 in serum of patients with chronic liver disease. AB - Serum concentration of the aminoterminal peptide of procollagen type III (P III P) and that of the high-molecular-weight glycoprotein laminin P1 (LP1) were determined by a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) in patients with different chronic liver diseases. Besides the routine laboratory tests, histological verification of the liver samples obtained by needle biopsy and a complex hepatitis B virus marker analysis by RIA (Biomedica-Sorin), or ELISA (Behringwerke, Marburg, FRG) kits were carried out in order to set up the correct clinical diagnosis. In normal controls, the P III P and LP1 concentrations were 7.8 +/- 1.1 ng/ml (n = 10) and 0.08 +/- 0.1 units/ml (n = 7), respectively. Patients with fatty liver (n = 25) showed a significant elevation in P III P concentration (18.6 +/- 2.7 ng/ml). Such an elevation was not unequivocally demonstrated before. In this group of patients LP1 level was also increased (1.4 +/- 0.2 units/ml, n = 10). In liver cirrhosis (n = 51) both P III P and LP1 concentrations were found to be consistently elevated. PMID- 3249656 TI - Life expectancy in chronic liver disease. AB - Life-table analysis is a suitable method for evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutical approaches to and the progression of, chronic diseases. The authors performed 324 liver biopsies in patients with liver disease between 1976 and 1986. The cumulative life-table analysis of Cutler and Ederer was applied in this retrospective study. Survival rates of different groups of patients expressed as the 7-year life expectancy were as follows: toxic hepatitis 90%, steatosis hepatitis 87%, chronic persistent hepatitis 87%, nonspecific reactive hepatitis 76%, chronic active hepatitis 72%, acute alcoholic hepatitis 66%, liver cirrhosis 40%. There seems to be a correlation between the severity of histological alteration and live expectancy. A similar correlation between the inflammatory cell infiltration and life expectancy cannot be observed. The life expectancy of patients with chronic active hepatitis has significantly improved recently. Further improvement of survival of patients with liver cirrhosis can be expected only from a reduction of alcohol consumption. The results can be regarded as a reference data for life expectancy of patients with chronic liver disease in Hungary. PMID- 3249657 TI - Effect of vitamin A treatment on cellular immune reactivity in patients with CLL. AB - Treatment with vitamin A (100,000 U daily for 2 weeks) of patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia resulted in an enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, natural killer cell activity and blastogenic response to plant mitogens. PMID- 3249658 TI - Demonstration of leukocyte-immobilizing activity in normal human plasma. AB - The effect of normal human plasma on random migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in agarose micro-droplet assay was studied. Plasma, even at a concentration as low as 1%, inhibits leukocyte motility and this immobilizing activity seems to be related to a specific factor which present in human sera and is stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min. The immobilizing effect of heat-inactivated sera was abolished in vitro by indomethacin at a concentration of 0.1 micrograms/ml and it was significantly decreased by anti PGE2 antibody. Spontaneous migration of leukocytes failed to be enhanced by indomethacin (0.1 microgram/ml) alone. Anti-PGE2 alone moderately enhanced PMN motility. Immobilizing activity in human sera decreased 2 hours after indomethacin administration (Indomethacinum CHINOIN, 50 mg orally). No direct enhancing effect of indomethacin on leukocyte motility was shown in vivo. The data indicate a leukocyte-immobilizing activity of human sera. This effect is mediated by prostaglandin production induced by serum factor(s). The factor(s) responsible for the above activity may have a role in regulating leukocyte distribution and motility in vivo. PMID- 3249660 TI - Computerized automatic non-invasive blood pressure monitoring system. AB - A non-invasive, fully automatic blood pressure monitoring system was developed to make the diagnosis of hypertension more accurate and to help individualizing antihypertensive therapy. The system consists of two subunits: the automatic microprocessor-controlled blood pressure monitor (Nippon Colin Co. BP 203) and a microcomputer system (Commodore 64). The blood pressure monitor is fitted to the computer by our own interface and data transfer programme. Data-analysing, graphic displaying and plotting programmes were also developed by us. Circadian average blood pressure, its variability, the rhythm variabilities of chronobiological cosinor analysis: mesor, amplitude, acrophase and linear trend, have been calculated by means of these programmes. Results of blood pressure monitoring are demonstrated in a patient with essential hypertension and in a patient with renoparenchymal hypertension. The perspectives of this method in biomedical research and in clinical pharmacology are illustrated and discussed. PMID- 3249659 TI - Serum type-III-procollagen and laminin concentration after interferon therapy in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. AB - Serum procollagen-III-peptide (P-III-P) and laminin P 1 (LP1) concentrations were measured in 24 patients with various chronic myeloproliferative diseases, viz., essential thrombocythaemia (ET), chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and myelofibrosis (MF). The highest P-III-P values were found in myelofibrosis. As compared to the controls, the serum laminin concentration was higher in all there groups of patients. No significant difference was found between the groups of patients. After three months of alpha-IFN therapy the P-III-P values became significantly higher, the laminin concentration slightly decreased in all investigated patients. Longitudinal follow-up myeloproliferative patients should be carried out in order to prove whether P-III-P and laminin determinations provide a useful test to monitor the progression of the disease and the effect of the therapy. PMID- 3249661 TI - Acute effects of low doses of alcohol on the cardiovascular system in young men. AB - .15, 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg alcohol in the form of 40% brandy in one week intervals was consumed by eight healthy, regularly trained young men volunteers. Blood alcohol level, blood pressure and ECG were registered before and 30, 60 and 90 min after, each alcohol consumption. The cardiac output was measured with a radiocirculographic method before and 45 min after alcohol consumption. The cardiac index, stroke volume, stroke index, and total peripherial resistance (TPR) were calculated. With increase of the alcohol dose the blood alcohol level increased, while cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, stroke index, and the systolic blood pressure fell. The other parameters examined--heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, TPR among others--remained unchanged. The ECG was normal. The highest no effect alcohol dose was less than 0.15 g/kg (approximately 0.1 g/kg). It is concluded that, depending on the dose, alcohol has practically no effect on the majority of the heart-functions, however, in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 g/kg it has a depressive influence, i.e. lowers the pump-function of the heart and, at 0.5 g/kg the arterial blood pressure. Evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative relationships of dose-effect and dose-response of the human heart following acute alcohol consumption needs experiments with various doses in homogeneous groups as well as toxicological investigations in animals. PMID- 3249662 TI - Renal nerves and sodium conservation in conscious rats of different strains kept on various diets. AB - Earlier contradictory results as to whether renal nerves are necessary for adaptation to a low dietary sodium intake in the rat were ascribed to strain differences or to sympathetic stimulation caused by carbohydrates when changing from a low-sucrose normal-sodium diet to a high-sucrose sodium-deficient diet. In the present work, daily sodium excretion was studied for 4 days before and after bilateral renal denervation or sham operation in three strains of rats (CFY, Wistar, and Long Evans). After ingesting a normal sodium diet containing no sucrose, CFY and Wistar rats were fed a sodium-deficient diet containing 67% sucrose. Long Evans rats were sodium-depleted by feeding them boiled rice. Daily and cumulative sodium excretion and sodium balance were similar in all three groups during 4-day sodium-depletion periods before and after bilateral renal denervation or sham operation. The results suggest that in sodium-depleted rats denervation natriuresis can be ascribed neither to strain differences nor to the high sucrose content of the low-sodium diet. PMID- 3249663 TI - Humours of science. PMID- 3249664 TI - The effect of feature uncertainty on spatial discriminations. AB - Just noticeable differences (JNDs) in orientation and spatial frequency were measured under two conditions. In one condition the subject was cued before stimulus presentation as to the feature to be discriminated on that trial, while in the other condition the subject was cued only after stimulus offset. JNDs were larger in the latter, feature uncertainty, condition. This feature uncertainty effect increased with decreasing stimulus processing time. The results suggest that this feature uncertainty effect is of sensorial origin. They also demonstrate that it is possible for humans to address selectively those mechanisms that are most relevant for a given discrimination task. PMID- 3249665 TI - Spatial asymmetries in tactile discrimination of line orientation: a comparison of the sighted, visually impaired, and blind. AB - Thresholds for tactile discrimination of stimulus orientation discrepancy from standard or referent vertical, horizontal, and diagonal orientations were determined for sighted, visually impaired, and blind subject groups. The stimuli were presented to the ventral distal portion of the tip of the subject's left index finger via an Optacon. Although the subject groups did not differ in overall discrimination accuracy, for each group the deviations from vertical and horizontal standard orientations were discriminated reliably more accurately than the deviations from standard diagonals, ie the oblique effect was obtained. The bases for this tactual spatial anisotrophic effect appear to reflect both sensory -neurological and experiential factors. PMID- 3249666 TI - Development of orientation discrimination in infancy. AB - It has previously been found by us, with a visual evoked potential (VEP) measure, that orientation discrimination of dynamic patterns in infants can be demonstrated from around 6 weeks after birth. Experiments are reported in which orientation discrimination was measured behaviourally, in two infant control habituation procedures, with both dynamic and static patterns. When dynamic patterns identical to those in our previous VEP studies were used, the first positive evidence of orientation discrimination was found at around 6 weeks postnatally. The time course of both the VEP and the behavioural measures was similar. However, with static patterns, evidence of orientation discrimination by newborns was found if the infants were allowed to compare the habituated and novel orientations in a paired simultaneous comparison after habituation, but was not found when the habituated and novel stimulus were presented sequentially. The positive evidence of orientation discrimination in newborns supports the hypothesis that some form of orientationally tuned detectors can be used for discrimination of static patterns at birth. However, some developmental change over several weeks seems to be required before a positive electrophysiological VEP response can be measured for dynamic patterns changing in orientation. PMID- 3249667 TI - Orientation discrimination and cortical function in the human newborn. AB - There is some controversy concerning whether or not the visual abilities of the newborn are mediated entirely through subcortical pathways or whether the visual cortex is functioning at birth. A critical test of cortical functioning is discrimination of orientation: orientation-selective neurons are found in the visual cortex but not in subcortical parts of the visual system. An experiment is described in which newborn infants were habituated to a square-wave grating oriented 45 degrees from vertical. After habituation, significant preferences for the novel, mirror-image, grating were found, a result which argues for some degree of visual cortical functioning at birth. PMID- 3249668 TI - The role of monocular regions in stereoscopic displays. AB - Random-dot stereograms of an object standing out from a background always contain a monocular region at the side of the foreground object. This is equivalent to the monocularly occluded part of the background in the real-life viewing of one object in front of another. The role of these monocular regions in the stereoscopic process has not been investigated previously, although it is generally assumed that they are a source of difficulty in stereoscopic resolution because of the unmatchable texture within them. The basis of the present study was a prediction that the presence of texture within these regions would facilitate rather than retard stereoscopic processing. This prediction follows from a hypothesis that stereoscopic processing is initially located at disparity discontinuities. Unmatched regions are only found at such discontinuities, and could serve to locate them. PMID- 3249669 TI - Accommodation and apparent distance. AB - The ability to judge egocentric distance was assessed in sixteen normal observers under conditions where monocular blur-driven accommodation provided the only source of information regarding changes in target dioptric distance. Accommodation and apparent distance were measured over an optical range of 2 to 6 D for each of three targets which differed in their effectiveness as accommodative stimuli (excellent, moderate, and poor). For the excellent and moderate accommodative targets, apparent distance decreased as accommodation increased, with both targets sharing a common linear function. Apparent distance, however, tended to exceed accommodative distance and was relatively compressed in scale. As expected, accommodative response and apparent distance diminished in range as target effectiveness was reduced. The poor accommodative target represented the limiting case wherein accommodation failed to deviate from the tonic level, and apparent distance remained constant. There were considerable intersubject differences in the ability to judge distances on the basis of accommodation. The results indicate that accommodation can indeed serve as a source of distance information, particularly for some individuals. PMID- 3249670 TI - Visual information and skill level in time-to-collision estimation. AB - Previous studies on the visual origin of time-to-collision (Tc) information have demonstrated that Tc estimates can be based solely on the processing of target expansion rate (optic variable tau). But in the simulated situations used (film clips), there was little reliable information on speed (owing to reduced peripheral vision) and distance (owing to the absence of binocular distance cues) available. In order to determine whether these kinds of information are also taken into account, it is necessary to take an approach where the subject receives a more complete visual input. Thus, an experiment conducted on a circuit under actual driving conditions is reported. Experienced drivers and beginners, who were passengers in a car, had to indicate the moment they expected a collision with a stationary obstacle to take place. Subjects were blindfolded after a viewing time of 3 s. The conditions for speed evaluation (normal versus restricted visual field) and distance evaluation (binocular versus monocular vision) by subjects were varied. The approach speed (30 and 90 km h-1) and actual Tc (3 and 6 s) were also varied. The results show that accuracy of Tc estimation increased with (i) normal visual field, (ii) binocular vision, (iii) higher speeds, and (iv) driving experience. These findings have been interpreted as indicating that both speed and distance information are taken into account in Tc estimation. They suggest furthermore that these two kinds of information may be used differently depending on the skill level of the subject. The results are discussed in terms of the complementarity of the various potentially usable visual means of obtaining Tc information. PMID- 3249671 TI - The perception of an optical flow projected on the ground surface. AB - In most experiments in which the importance of visual control on postural stability is studied, optical stimuli attached to vertical surfaces are used. Analyses of long-term standing readjustments generally involve back-and-forth movements of a visual scene or its projection on vertical circular screens. In a natural environment, however, visual information is largely available from the ground. The aim of the experiment reported was to assess the effect of a flow pattern simulating an open outdoor setting on motion perception and postural control. Subjects were presented with an optical texture projected onto the ground. Periods of motionless texture alternated with equivalent durations of unidirectional flows. The change of position of the subject's centre of gravity over time was recorded on a force platform. Results show that the direction of body sway corresponded with that of texture motion. Important aftereffects, as shown in linear vection experiments, were also observed. However, the latency of postural responses was much shorter than with prolonged unidirectional flows produced in other locations of the visual environment. The hypothesis of an ecological specificity of the flows perceived on the ground during terrestrial displacements is discussed. PMID- 3249672 TI - Alleys on an extensive apparent frontoparallel plane: a second experiment. AB - Small light points were presented, in the dark, around a point in the center which was fixed at a distance of about 3 m from the subject. In experiment 1, the subject adjusted the positions of points so that all were frontoparallel and in three horizontal series, each consisting of five points, with the middle series level with the eyes, to satisfy the following conditions: (i) the three series must appear straight and horizontally parallel; (ii) the points of each of the five triplets must appear equally separated vertically; (iii) the three points of each triplet must appear to move horizontally along straight and parallel paths; (iv) the three points of each triplet must appear to move horizontally with a constant vertical separation. The most distant points were about 0.51 rad to the left and right of center, and about 0.22 rad above and below. In experiment 2, with the configuration of points obtained in experiment 1, the subject assessed ratios of all perceptual distances between points and also from the subject to all points. From experiment 1 (three subjects used), Gaussian curvature K and a constant related to depth perception (sigma) were estimated under the assumption that the frontoparallel plane is a Riemannian plane of constant curvature K and that Luneburg's mapping functions between visual space and physical space hold. The analysis was made according to equations different from those used previously. The results of experiment 2 (two subjects used) were analyzed by a new computer program in which no preassumed mapping functions are necessary for the estimation of K. From both analyses it is clear that there is no need to assume any other value of K than 0 (Euclidean) to describe the geometry of the frontoparallel plane. This presents a striking contrast to the results from experiments on parallel and equidistance alleys running toward the subject on the horizontal plane. PMID- 3249673 TI - Apparent movements induced by luminance modulations: a model study. AB - When the receptive-field profiles of the different units in the primary visual cortex are described by a series of different functions which are given by a Gaussian distribution and its first, second, and so on, spatial derivatives, a full analysis of the input-output processing of these units (under the assumption of linearity for small signals) can be achieved for a wide variety of optical stimuli consisting of closely adjacent fields modulated independently in intensity. Once the input-output relationship for one particular unit has been obtained, it is possible to calculate in a straightforward manner the spatial representation of the stimulus pattern in a two-dimensional distribution of such units. Investigations are reported into how a stimulus pattern (a dark or bright bar between two fields modulated in illuminance) is represented in a hierarchical structure of such layers of units, each layer containing just one type of receptive-field profile from the Gaussian family of derivatives. It is shown that if a visual percept is associated with the behaviour of the extrema or zero crossings of the representations in the first few layers of such an architecture, a complete description can be given of the experimental results obtained by Gregory and Heard in their psychophysical experiments on illusory movement perception induced by luminance intensity modulations. PMID- 3249674 TI - A new visual problem: phenomenic folding. AB - It is possible to produce outline drawings that are perceived as representations of sheets or plates folded over themselves. However, only some of the many possible representations are immediately and necessarily perceived as such. Investigations were carried out to find out which elements must be included in a drawing if a subject is to perceive folding. Four necessary, though not individually sufficient, factors were detected. Other factors which are not necessary but which can intensify the perception of folding were also found. The four necessary factors are: (i) the existence of two phenomenically overlapping figures; (ii) at least one side of the upper figure must perfectly coincide with one side of the lower figure, this common side being defined as the folding line; (iii) the two phenomenically overlapping areas must be on the same side of the folding line; (iv) three segments must converge at the ends of the folding line. Some cognitive processes which appear to be involved in the phenomenon are also discussed. PMID- 3249675 TI - [Home oxygen therapy in Poland]. PMID- 3249676 TI - [Our modification of right-ventricular polycardiography]. PMID- 3249677 TI - [Value of polycardiographic examination in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in pulmonary heart disease]. PMID- 3249679 TI - [Changes in oxygen saturation of arterial blood during controlled oxygen therapy using oxygen masks produced in Poland]. PMID- 3249678 TI - [Opinions of occupational health physicians with regard to preventive examinations of persons exposed to substances harmful to the respiratory system]. PMID- 3249680 TI - [A case of so-called "sugar tumor" of the lung]. PMID- 3249681 TI - Scope of clinical photodermatology. PMID- 3249682 TI - Grenz ray therapy: practical aspects of protecting office personnel from radiation. AB - The exposure to grenz rays of office personnel handling a grenz ray unit working with 10 kV voltage was investigated for different treatment situations. Scattered and leakage radiation, and primary radiation at some distance from the grenz ray unit were measured. Air absorption was found to be most important. Direct exposure of the operator to the primary grenz ray beam at a distance of 4 m was practically nil. At a distance of 2 m from the unit, the operator is permitted to be exposed 100 h per year; at a distance of 1 m, the permitted exposure of the direct beam is 3 h per year. Scattered and leakage radiation from the unit was of no importance and certain clothing was demonstrated to promote absorption. PMID- 3249683 TI - Effect of hypoxia on sunburn cell formation and inflammation induced by ultraviolet radiation. AB - Oxygen intermediates are responsible for a number of ultraviolet (UV) radiation effects. To test the hypothesis that UV-induced formation of sunburn cells and skin edema (ear swelling) result from oxidative damage, we examined the effect of hypoxia tissue responses to UV in the mouse ear. Hypoxia resulting from vascular occlusion by ear clamping, either before or after UVB exposure, decreased formation of sunburn cells. Ear clamping alone caused significant ear swelling, which was enhanced when combined with UVB exposure. Using topical 8 methoxypsoralen + UVA (PUVA), increased sunburn cells were observed when ears were clamped for 10 min prior to UVA exposure, but not following exposure. Ear swelling caused by PUVA was also enhanced when ears were clamped during exposure. These results suggest that induction of sunburn cells by UVB is dependent on oxygen, and that UVB and PUVA induce sunburn cell formation by distinct mechanisms. PMID- 3249684 TI - Reticular erythematous mucinosis and photosensitivity: a case study. PMID- 3249685 TI - Photosensitivity induced by griseofulvin. PMID- 3249686 TI - Multiple eruptive actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinomata following PUVA therapy of more than 11 years. PMID- 3249688 TI - [Occurrence of dental caries in 12-year old children in a Burundi town]. PMID- 3249687 TI - Visual assessment of facial elastosis using photographs as a measure of cumulative ultraviolet exposure. AB - Because solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure is ubiquitous, it is difficult to quantify in human populations. We developed a method to index cumulative UV damage, based upon visual manifestations of facial actinic elastosis. Four photographic slides were taken of each subject's facial skin. These slides were projected on a screen and graded by consensus of 2 raters using a 5-point relative severity scale. Rating disagreements were resolved by a skilled dermatologist who acted as adjudicator. High photographic quality was maintained by standardization of camera settings, lighting, and photographic techniques. Inter- and intrarater variability in grading was minimized by training using standard slides and by practice. This index has been tested in 2 large epidemiologic studies. The method proved highly reliable and, within categories of age and tanning ability, a valid measure of cumulative UV exposure. In addition, this method appeared superior to others in speed, ease of use and cost. PMID- 3249689 TI - Cause of tooth mortality at the dental unit of Kenyatta National Hospital of Nairobi, Kenya. PMID- 3249690 TI - [A.I.D.S. and dental care: contamination, prevention]. PMID- 3249692 TI - Histological distribution of oral tumours in Tanzania. PMID- 3249691 TI - A survey of the lower wisdom tooth with special reference to impaction and displacement. PMID- 3249693 TI - An appraisal of children's attitude toward dental practice in Lagos, Nigeria. PMID- 3249694 TI - [Treatment of palatal malformations and surgical defects in Zaire]. PMID- 3249695 TI - Rampant caries prevalence and the role of oral cleanliness in its aetiology in the deciduous dentition of 4 and 5-year old Ibadan children attending private schools. PMID- 3249697 TI - Towards better oral health using traditional means: proposing a method. PMID- 3249696 TI - Oral research needs and opportunities relevant to Africa: jaw tumours. PMID- 3249698 TI - [Clinical experimentation with a buccothymol mouthwash]. PMID- 3249700 TI - Caring for intravenous drug abusers with HIV infection: some lessons from Edinburgh. PMID- 3249699 TI - Transthoracic image guided biopsy. AB - Transthoracic image guided biopsy is now firmly established in the armamentarium of diagnostic tests to establish the nature of a mass in the lung, pleura, mediastinum or chest wall. It may be performed under computed tomographic, ultrasonic or fluoroscopic control, and provided a fine needle technique is employed, morbidity is low. Worldwide reports show a 90% true positive yield and a false positive rate of less than 1%. PMID- 3249701 TI - The role of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the investigation of pleural effusion. AB - Published data on the role of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the investigation of pleural effusions are sparse and conflicting. We have reviewed our experience from November 1980 to December 1986. Thirty-two patients were identified from bronchoscopy records as having undergone the procedure during the evaluation of an effusion. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was diagnostic in 6 of the 32 cases, but less invasive procedures had given the diagnosis in 4, and in the other 2 cases radiological abnormalities other than the effusion suggested an underlying bronchial malignancy. We conclude that routine fibreoptic bronchoscopy is not justified in the evaluation of pleural effusions. PMID- 3249702 TI - Augmentation and reduction mammaplasty: demographic and obstetric differences in women attending a National Health Service clinic. AB - Women presenting for breast augmentation and breast reduction to a National Health Service plastic surgery/psychiatry liaison clinic appear to differ beyond the anatomical. Those requesting breast reduction tend to be younger, unmarried and not to have been pregnant and may be uncomfortable with adult sexuality. Those requesting breast augmentation are presenting for surgery in their mid thirties although many have always had small breasts. This is at a time of fading attractiveness, marital difficulties and a sense of failure as a woman. We report a strikingly poor obstetric history in this group. PMID- 3249703 TI - Autoimmunity in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Seventy-nine patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were evaluated for the presence of autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies. One patient has polymyositis and two additional patients presented with features suggestive of pernicious anaemia and chronic active hepatitis. The Coombs' direct test was positive in 7% and immune thrombocytopenia was present in 8.1% of patients. Five (7%) patients had M-protein in the serum. No increased frequency of other autoantibodies was noted in our study group. We conclude that the propensity to develop antibodies is restricted only to the haematopoietic system and that there is no increased frequency of non-haematological autoimmune diseases in chronic lymphatic leukaemia. PMID- 3249705 TI - Paraplegia caused by spinal epidural abscess. AB - Two patients with spinal epidural abscess, but with different neurological outcomes, are presented. The pathogenesis, clinical features and current treatment are reviewed. The need for early diagnosis is once again stressed. PMID- 3249704 TI - Ileostomy or ileal pouch for the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis? PMID- 3249706 TI - A descriptive survey of uncontrolled methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a twin site general hospital. AB - Over a five year period beginning in 1981, during which control measures were applied intermittently, the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates increased steadily within a twin site general hospital. A retrospective chart review of 154 patients identified in 1984-1985 showed that the MRSA 'definitely' contributed to three deaths (2%) and 'probably' contributed to a further 15 (10%). The prolonged median duration of hospital admission (22 days) before first isolation of MRSA, together with the clustering of cases in time on certain wards, suggested that most, if not all, affected patients acquired the MRSA in hospital. As the virulence of MRSA in our outbreak appeared the same as that reported from teaching hospitals, MRSA control measures need to be comprehensively applied in general hospitals. PMID- 3249707 TI - Cerebral depression due to propylene glycol in a patient with chronic epilepsy- the value of the plasma osmolal gap in diagnosis. AB - A case of propylene glycol poisoning is described in a 39 year old woman which resulted in her admission to hospital in status epilepticus. She had had a long standing history of uncontrollable epilepsy. The diagnosis of propylene glycol poisoning resulted directly from the finding of a high plasma osmolal gap on admission. This finding would have been missed if later samples only had been analysed. Plasma osmolality and the osmolal gap should be considered first line investigations in patients presenting with metabolic acidosis and cerebral signs and symptoms. Since her discharge from hospital a year ago the patient has had no further seizures. PMID- 3249708 TI - Rickettsial infection presenting as culture-negative meningitis. AB - Meningitis is an unusual presentation of rickettsial infection. We report a patient who was confirmed by serology to have typhus fever (not scrub), but who presented with the typical findings of culture-negative bacterial meningitis. Neurological manifestations of different types of rickettsial infection are discussed. PMID- 3249709 TI - Haematological, neurological and psychiatric complications of chronic hypothermia following surgery for craniopharyngioma. AB - A patient is described who became poikilothermic following surgery for removal of a craniopharyngioma. Episodes of disturbed behaviour, neurological abnormalities, pancytopenia and deranged liver function could be correlated with episodes of more profound hypothermia on a background of a chronically lowered core temperature. The association of pancytopenia and neuropsychiatric disturbances with hypothermia is discussed with reference to reported cases of periodic spontaneous hypothermia. PMID- 3249710 TI - Glomerulonephropathy of Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome. AB - A patient with Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome and nephrotic range proteinuria is presented. Radiological investigation of the urinary tract revealed clubbed calyces but no evidence of obstruction or vesicoureteric reflux. Renal biopsy revealed occasional sclerotic glomeruli, extensive foot-process fusion and segmental glomerular basement membrane abnormalities with negative immunofluorescence for immunoglobulins and complement. Nephrotic proteinuria responded to steroid therapy but mild proteinuria persisted. The findings were consistent with minimal change nephropathy superimposed on the glomerular lesions of Lawrence-Moon-Biedl syndrome. PMID- 3249711 TI - Trichinosis diagnosed by computed tomography. AB - Trichinosis is a worldwide disease contained by good husbandry and culinary practice, presenting unexpectedly in individual cases or mini-epidemics. The disease varies greatly in its manifestation and severity although when marked can be recognized by fever with myositis and periorbital oedema. Antibody tests are specific but the appearance on computed tomography of the brain are sufficiently characteristic to allow a confident diagnosis. Two cases where such appearances led to the diagnosis are reported. PMID- 3249712 TI - Recurrent acute renal failure due to a rectal villous adenoma. AB - A case is reported in which a rectal villous adenoma was complicated by severe fluid and electrolyte depletion producing recurrent renal failure. The pathophysiology of the depletion syndrome and its complications are discussed. Successful management by acute haemodialysis and early surgical resection of the tumour is described. PMID- 3249713 TI - Mycotic aneurysm of the popliteal artery following right hemicolectomy. AB - A case of mycotic aneurysm of the popliteal artery, following right hemicolectomy for carcinoma, is described. This was treated by ligation and excision without bypass grafting. The clinical features are discussed and the literature reviewed. PMID- 3249714 TI - Helping hands. PMID- 3249715 TI - The spectrum of schizophrenia. PMID- 3249716 TI - New challenges in diabetes. Proceedings of an international symposium. Copenhagen, 9 November 1987. PMID- 3249717 TI - Measuring quality of life in hypertensive patients with diabetes. AB - A general health status measurement instrument which assessed quality of life components was developed for diabetic patients with hypertension. The instrument was conceptualized using a broad definition of health status including measures of physical, emotional and social well-being. Because certain antihypertensive agents can alter the metabolic state of the diabetic patient, the instrument was designed to evaluate diabetes-specific symptomatology as well as interactions between antihypertensive agents and metabolic control. The background and structure of the instrument is discussed and the basic item content outlined. A preliminary pilot study consisting of 58 volunteers including healthy normals, patients with diabetes and patients with hypertension indicated that the instrument was practical for the clinic setting and that the scales and composite scores obtained from individual item responses were internally consistent and reliable over repeated trials. Discrimination among the groups also indicated the instrument's ability to be sensitive to a broad range of responses. PMID- 3249718 TI - 'Little bits of stuff'. PMID- 3249719 TI - Using acupuncture in general practice. PMID- 3249720 TI - Ribavirin therapy for lassa fever. PMID- 3249721 TI - Chest expansion as a screening test for respiratory disorders. PMID- 3249722 TI - Overhead high-voltage cables and recurrent headache and depressions. PMID- 3249723 TI - Drowning and near drowning in children. PMID- 3249725 TI - The management of HIV symptomatic patients in general practice. PMID- 3249724 TI - A case of pallid syncope. PMID- 3249726 TI - How AIDS affects women and children. PMID- 3249727 TI - Terminal care. PMID- 3249728 TI - AIDS and injecting drug users. PMID- 3249729 TI - International medical concern about nuclear war. PMID- 3249730 TI - Preparing to be a principal. PMID- 3249731 TI - Volunteers help to detect unreported medical problems in the elderly. PMID- 3249733 TI - Informal carers and general practitioners. PMID- 3249732 TI - Evaluation of a nurse-run hypertension clinic in general practice. PMID- 3249734 TI - The image of plastic surgery. PMID- 3249736 TI - Reading scientific articles, or how to cope with the overload. PMID- 3249735 TI - Protocols: getting them right. PMID- 3249737 TI - The needs of antenatal patients. PMID- 3249738 TI - Glaucoma--prevalence and referral routes. PMID- 3249739 TI - The management and mismanagement of psoriasis. PMID- 3249740 TI - Assessing the practice. PMID- 3249742 TI - Passing the first milestone in protein design. PMID- 3249741 TI - [A comparative study of the formation of 2-keto-D-gluconic acid by free and immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida]. AB - The effect of glucose, oxygen and 2-keto-D-gluconic acid (2KG) concentrations on the 2KG production by free and immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida was studied. The effect of these factors was found to be similar in case of both free and immobilized cells, but the rate of the 2KG production by the free cells was a little higher as compared to the immobilized cells. PMID- 3249744 TI - A comparison of taste reactivity changes induced by ventromedial hypothalamic lesions and stria terminalis transections. AB - A hyperreactivity to the sensory qualities of a food, i.e., finickiness, is a defining feature of the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesion syndrome. The precise anatomical locus mediating this disturbance has not been determined. This study examines the hypothesis that interruption of amygdalo-hypothalamic connections (either ascending or descending) via the stria terminalis (ST) is involved in VMH lesion-induced finickiness. Taste reactivity was assessed in animals with VMH lesions, ST knife cuts, combined VMH/ST damage, and controls. In sham feeding tests of taste reactivity, ST and VMH rats were equally hyperreactive compared to controls. Rats with combined VMH and ST damage, however, were more reactive than both these groups. None of the brain lesions resulted in an overreactivity to quinine adulteration of the diet. In contrast to sham feeding, ST rats were not hyperphagic when feeding normally, although VMH rats were. In fact, ST damage attenuated VMH-induced hyperphagia and weight gain. We conclude that the taste reactivity changes induced by VMH lesions and ST transections are independent and additive indicating that VMH finickiness does not involve disruption of amygdalo-hypothalamic connections. Nonetheless, disruption of the ST produces a dramatic change in taste reactivity and the properties and origins of this disturbance are discussed. PMID- 3249743 TI - Mitochondrial import of rat pre-ornithine transcarbamylase: accurate processing of the precursor form is not required for uptake into mitochondria, nor assembly into catalytically active enzyme. AB - Mitochondrial uptake of the cytoplasmically synthesized precursor of the mammalian enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase is mediated by an N-terminal leader sequence of 32 amino acids. In the mitochondrial matrix, the precursor form is processed to the mature subunit by proteolytic removal of this pre-sequence and in the enzyme from rat liver it has been suggested that this occurs in a two-step process which involves an intermediate cleavage at residue 24. We show that deletion of residues 20-26 spanning this intermediate cleavage site prevents correct processing to the mature subunit but it does not prevent mitochondrial targeting and internalization or assembly of the incorrectly processed product into a catalytically active enzyme. The incorrectly processed enzyme, which is larger than the normal mature enzyme, is nevertheless more susceptible to proteolytic degradation in permanently transfected human cells than the correctly processed enzyme. PMID- 3249745 TI - Sensory stimulation and energy density in the development of satiety. AB - To determine the contribution of sensory stimulation to the changing hedonic response to foods, the effects of consuming very low-calorie and higher calorie versions of soup and jello on the subjective pleasantness of foods were compared. Subjects were 24 normal weight females with low dietary restraint. Half the subjects were given test meals of low- and high-calorie tomato soup and half were given low- and high-calorie orange jello. They rated the pleasantness of the appearance, smell, texture and taste of nine sample foods as well as hunger and stomach fullness before and 2, 20, 40 and 60 min after consumption of the test meal. After the 60 min rating subjects were offered as much as they wanted to eat of a second course of cheese on crackers. Despite differences in the energy density of the test meals, there were no significant differences in the weights of food eaten in either the first or second course and no significant compensation in the second course for the energy differences of the first course. No differential effects of the caloric manipulation were observed in terms of hunger or fullness or in the development, time course and magnitude of sensory specific satiety. That very low-calorie foods can produce sensory-specific satiety indicates that the sensory properties of foods are important for the changing hedonic response to foods as they are consumed. PMID- 3249746 TI - Cohabitation with a female activates testosterone-dependent social aggression in male rats independently of changes in serum testosterone concentration. AB - Male hooded rats (350 to 450 g) were sham-castrated, castrated and implanted with testosterone-filled, or castrated and implanted with empty Silastic tubes. Twenty four hours postoperatively the animals in each group were housed with a female or a male similar in size to the female. Beginning one week following surgery and continuing for three weeks thereafter, the female or male cagemate was removed once each week while a 15-min test of aggression toward an unfamiliar male intruder was conducted. During the aggression tests, lateral attacks, lunge attacks, bites, on-top, and piloerection were recorded. At the first aggression test, males housed with females were significantly more aggressive than their counterparts housed with males. In contrast, different testosterone regimes did not consistently influence the initial activation of intermale social aggression. At the second and third tests, males with testicular testosterone or a replacement were significantly more aggressive than their castrated controls on most measures but males housed with females continued to be more aggressive than the comparable group housed with males. These results suggest that normal fluctuations in serum testosterone concentration associated with sexual interaction are not necessary for the initial activation of intermale social aggression. Both repeated exposure to unfamiliar males as well as cohabitation with a female are effective stimuli for activation of testosterone-dependent social aggression. PMID- 3249747 TI - Dual progesterone action in diencephalon facilitates the induction of sexual receptivity in estrogen-primed golden hamsters. AB - In order to identify and characterize the progesterone (P) sensitive neural system that regulates feminine sexual behavior, 28-gauge P-filled cannulae were implanted in the medial preoptic area (MPO), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), and central gray (CG) of ovariectomized estrogen-primed golden hamsters. Dual implants of P were placed either ipsilaterally or contralaterally in brain sites consisting of MPO-VMH, MPO-CG, or VMH-CG combinations. Tests for sexual receptivity commenced 44 hr after estrogen priming and consisted of a preimplantation test followed 4.5 to 5.5 hr later by a postimplantation test. In the preimplantation test, stimulus males were attacked when placed into the female's home cage which indicated that the subsequent display of sexual receptivity occurring in the postimplantation test was due to the action of P. Dual implants of P placed either ipsilaterally or contralaterally in MPO-VMH regions were significantly more effective in facilitating lordosis behavior than dual P implants placed in MPO-CG or VMH-CG regions. However, the duration of lordotic responsiveness produced by dual P implants in MPO and VMH regions appears to be shorter than the duration of lordosis typically observed in intact females on proestrus. Results suggest that MPO and VMH regions are sensitive to the lordosis facilitating actions of small dual implants of P. PMID- 3249748 TI - A role for the hamster's flank gland in heterosexual communication. AB - It is commonly assumed that the male hamsters' flank glands subserve an agonistic role with other males as the intended recipients of the olfactory message. Because of little evidence to support such a relationship, two studies investigated whether females might selectively respond to male flank odors. In a free choice situation females spent more time in proximity with glandular rubbings obtained from intact males than those obtained from castrates or a clean control. Moreover, these sexually receptive females remained longer near odors from familiar as opposed to novel males. The second experiment demonstrated that receptive females spent more time in proximity with flank odors of dominant males as opposed to their subordinate partners or to a clean control. Females can use flank gland odors to discriminate among males as a function of their hormonal state, familiarity and dominance. If this occurs in the wild, such odors could provide cues which would facilitate intersexual selection. PMID- 3249749 TI - Adult susceptibility induced by preweaning shifts of zeitgeber in rats (I). AB - The exclusive manipulation of "time indicators" (Zeitgeber) early in development gives rise to a specific susceptibility observable in the course of experimental treatment in the adult. Independent groups of rats were submitted to equidistant shifts of the time indicators during three different periods of the postnatal development (days 1-18, 18-35 and 35-53). Apart from these specific episodes, each group remained in the same rearing conditions as the control groups (LD 12:12, temperature 12:12). The effects were evaluated at the adult stage. From day 130 until day 140, the animals were left in individual cages without any other modification in environmental conditions. They were then transported daily in a trolley in their individual cages, for five consecutive days (days 141-145 during three minutes at 15.00 hours). The results indicate that the rats belonging to the 1-18 group show a significant weight loss between the days 130 to 145. Moreover, they present a significant modification of the ultradian components of the circadian rhythms of their locomotor and feeding activity. The conclusion is that the early manipulation of the Zeitgeber before weaning may alone lead to a specific susceptibility which becomes apparent during the experimental treatment of the young adults. PMID- 3249750 TI - Effect of acetyl-l-carnitine chronic treatment on discrimination models in aged rats. AB - Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC), a natural component of several biological systems, has been found to modify spontaneous and evoked electrocortical activity in young rats and to improve learning ability in old ones. In clinical application it also improves mood and attention in elderly patients. The present study was aimed at ascertaining the effect of a chronic treatment with ALC added to drinking water on two discrimination models in aged rats. In the first model, simple discrimination learning was tested and was found to be significantly improved by treatment. The second model consisted of a differential reinforcement of low rate of responding. The animals receiving treatment performed significantly better as shown by a lower number of nonrewarded responses. Because impaired learning and memory are related to alterations in hippocampal function, these data indicate that ALC is capable of antagonizing the natural age-dependent deterioration process in the hippocampal structure. PMID- 3249752 TI - Reductions in maternal food and water intake account for prenatal stress effects on neurobehavioral development in B6D2F2 mice. AB - This study evaluated the role of stress-induced reductions in food intake in pregnant B6D2F1 mice in the production of developmental abnormalities in the offspring. One group of dams underwent one hour of physical restraint stress twice daily from days 12 to 17 of gestation. A second group was not restrained but, during this period, each dam was pair-fed to a weight-matched partner in the stressed group. A third group was left undisturbed and allowed unlimited access to lab chow and water. The restraint stress procedure reduced the average daily food and water intake in the dams, resulting in lower maternal weights, with the unstressed pair-fed group being affected more severely than the stressed group. The offspring of both the stressed and pair-fed dams were lighter than the offspring of the dams fed ad lib on day 20 postconception, and exhibited lower brain weights on day 32 postconception. Neurobehavioral development, as assessed on a battery of sensorimotor tests on day 32 postconception, was retarded in the prenatally stressed pups in comparison to the ad lib pups, while the pair-fed pups did not differ from either group. There were no differences among any of the groups on day 50 body or brain weight, body or tail length, anogenital distance, or locomotion, rearing and defecation in the open field.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249751 TI - Adjunctive alcohol drinking in humans. AB - In an attempt to validate the animal model of adjunctive ethanol drinking in people, human subjects were allowed access to ad lib beer while playing a game that delivered monetary reinforcements on a FI schedule. Subjects exposed to a longer FI schedule drank significantly more than those exposed to a shorter schedule, confirming the prediction made by the animal model. A pattern of ingestion characteristic of adjunctive drinking was also observed in the longer FI condition, providing evidence that ethanol drinking in humans can be schedule induced. PMID- 3249753 TI - Investigation into sex-related differences in locomotor activity, place learning and passive avoidance responding in NMRI mice. AB - Learning abilities of young adult (5-6 weeks) male and female NMRI mice were compared in two tasks involving cognitive functions, namely spatial learning in a water maze and passive avoidance responding. Locomotor activity was also monitored as a putative bias for the results obtained in these learning tests. No sex-related difference was observed either in avoidance responding or in spatial learning using a procedure with the same point of departure throughout testing in the water maze. However, in this test, using a procedure with 3 different points of departure in randomized order day after day, female mice performed better than male mice. The difference was statistically significant on the last acquisition day but was not sustained during a retention trial 72 hr later. Since no sex differences in locomotor activity were observed, the learning effects cannot be attributed to a difference in general activity level. PMID- 3249754 TI - Male odors that influence the preference of female mice: roles of urinary and preputial factors. AB - Female mice preferred to investigate the odor of normal male urine to that of either castrated or preputialectomized male urine. Females showed no particular preferences in two-choice tests among castrated, castrated-preputialectomized and preputialectomized male urine. These results suggest that both urinary and preputial factors of males are involved in female attraction. In an experiment with urine mixtures, females preferred a mixture of urine from preputialectomized males and castrated males to a mixture of urine from preputialectomized males and castrated-preputialectomized males. This strongly suggests that the urinary factor is androgen-dependent, while the preputial factor is possibly androgen independent. Further experiments demonstrated the possibility that the preputial odorous factor involved in female attraction is increased or newly formed after excretion of the secretion. PMID- 3249755 TI - Characterization of central actions of neuropeptide Y on food and water intake in rabbits. AB - The effects of a 36-amino acid peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), on feeding and drinking behaviors were studied in young and adult rabbits. Intraventricular injection of NPY to adult rabbits induced feeding and drinking in a dose-related manner. While the lowest doses tested (0.2 micrograms) was without effect, other doses (0.5 and 1 microgram) elicited feeding and drinking almost instantaneously. When 1, 5 and 10 microgram doses were injected into young rabbits, immediate increases in feeding and drinking were evident, but differences in the magnitude of responses among these dosages were significant only in water consumption. Unlike studies in rats, in these rabbits NPY elicited a more pronounced response in drinking than in feeding. The drinking response after NPY administration was not a consequence of food intake because it occurred in the absence of food. With ad lib feeding, the majority of enhanced food consumption was confined to the first 30-min after NPY injection; however, an increased motivation to eat was retained for at least 2 hr after NPY when food was withheld and then returned. These observations are consistent with specific stimulatory effects of NPY on food and water intake. PMID- 3249756 TI - Subthalamic and mesencephalic locomotor regions: brain damage augments the importance of female movement for the display of sexual behavior in male rats. AB - Electrical stimulation of parts of the subthalamus and midbrain provokes coordinated locomotion. In this study we contrasted the sexual behavioral effects of electrolytic destruction of the subthalamic and mesencephalic "locomotor" regions in male rats. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the subthalamic locomotor region (SLR) attenuated, and in some cases eliminated, male sexual behavior. Although some SLR lesioned males appeared to mate normally on some tests, these males did not mount females rendered hypokinetic by an injection of haloperidol. Males with mesencephalic locomotor region lesions mated normally with a normally active female but most, like males with SLR lesions, showed virtually no sexual responses towards hypokinetic females. Locomotor region damage apparently augments the importance of female movement for the display of male sexual behavior, and we suggest this may be related to an effect of brain damage on sexual motivation. PMID- 3249757 TI - Are pheromones their own reward? AB - Hamster vaginal discharge (HVD) contains a variety of intersexual pheromones which are powerful promoters of male reproductive behavior. Males avidly investigate and then consume HVD from females or from artificial sources. We measured the reward strength of HVD and other sapid substances with operant techniques. The highest fixed ratio at which males would bar press, the break point, varied with the level of water deprivation and the volume of water reward. Break points for sucrose rewards, in undeprived animals, were higher than for water and varied with concentration. Water, vanillin and HVD solutions were comparable reinforcers irrespective of deprivation level. Sexual experience did not increase bar pressing for HVD rewards. Moreover, naive animals could not be trained to bar press for HVD. These results contrast with other evidence that HVD is highly palatable and challenge the notion that the pheromones present in it are innately rewarding. However, this conclusion may be mitigated by constraints on learning which limit the utility of operant techniques to evaluate the reinforcing properties of HVD. PMID- 3249758 TI - Prior schedule exposure reduces the acquisition of schedule-induced polydipsia. AB - Two groups of rats were given different initial histories before exposing them to daily, 2-hr fixed-interval 1-min (FI 1-min) food-pellet sessions with water freely available. For the initial-history phase (approximately 17 weeks), a Schedule-History Group had no water available during FI 1-min sessions, while a Home-Cage-History Group was maintained at the same body weight (80% of free feeding) in home cages. When water then became available for both groups during FI 1-min sessions, the Schedule-History Group was retarded in their rate of acquisition and final level of schedule-induced polydipsia relative to the Home Cage-History Group. Substitution of 5% ethanol solution for session water in the final phase produced a like intake level for both groups typical for these inducing conditions. It was concluded that the probability of drinking water in a session situation is reduced by a lengthy history of water unavailability, thereby attenuating the acquisition rate and final level of schedule-induced water overdrinking. PMID- 3249760 TI - An IBM-PC based data collection system for recording rodent sexual behavior and for general event recording. AB - A microcomputer (IBM-PC) based data collection system for the acquisition and analysis of male rodent copulatory behavior and its reflexive components has been developed. This software features ease of data entry, flexibility across experimental protocols, and built-in tutorials. The program for the recording and analysis of sexual reflexes of the male is readily adapted for recording other behavior patterns. PMID- 3249759 TI - A microdrive positioning adapter for chronic single unit recording. AB - A new micropositioner design for use in chronic, transdural single unit recording studies is presented. The adapter is used to position an electrode microdrive assembly to any desired location within a surgically implanted recording chamber. The adapter uses a radial positioning technique that requires few moving parts. In comparison with the X-Y slide manipulator it replaces, it is more durable, it provides access to a larger brain area, and it attaches more securely. In addition, provision can be made to mount a second microdrive, permitting two electrodes to be manipulated independently. PMID- 3249761 TI - Long-term monitoring of mouse ultrasonic vocalizations. AB - The temporal pattern of ultrasonic vocalizations by mice in an undisturbed 'home' environment can now be assessed using a system based on amplitude discrimination. Within a chosen frequency band, vocalizations of sufficient intensity are detected by an amplitude discriminator. The output from a pulse generator is sent to a microcomputer which records the time of the incoming event. The system has been validated for monitoring ultrasonic vocalizations in the mouse. PMID- 3249762 TI - Assessment in diagnosis and treatment of geropsychiatric patients. PMID- 3249763 TI - Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS). PMID- 3249764 TI - Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS). PMID- 3249765 TI - Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). PMID- 3249766 TI - Consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3249767 TI - Functional assessment staging (FAST). PMID- 3249768 TI - Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). PMID- 3249769 TI - Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ). PMID- 3249771 TI - Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). PMID- 3249770 TI - The Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) questionnaire. PMID- 3249773 TI - Geriatric Depression Scale. PMID- 3249772 TI - Blessed-Roth Dementia Scale (DS). PMID- 3249774 TI - Geriatric Evaluation by Relative's Rating Instrument (GERRI). PMID- 3249775 TI - The GIP: an observational ward behavior scale. PMID- 3249777 TI - Mood Scales-Elderly (MS-E). PMID- 3249776 TI - Global Assessment of Psychiatric Symptoms (GAPS). PMID- 3249778 TI - Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES). PMID- 3249781 TI - Relative's Assessment of Global Symptomatology (RAGS). PMID- 3249780 TI - Physical and Mental Impairment-of-Function Evaluation (PAMIE). PMID- 3249779 TI - NIMH Dementia Mood Assessment Scale (DMAS). PMID- 3249782 TI - Sandoz Clinical Assessment-Geriatric (SCAG). PMID- 3249783 TI - TRIMS Behavioral Problem Checklist (BPC). PMID- 3249784 TI - Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). PMID- 3249785 TI - Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale. Original observer-rated version. "Does do" form--for women only. PMID- 3249787 TI - Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS). Original observer-rated version. PMID- 3249788 TI - Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS). Self-rated version. Incorporated in the Philadelphia Geriatric Center. Multilevel Assessment Instrument (MAI). PMID- 3249786 TI - Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale. Self-rated version. Incorporated in the Philadelphia Geriatric Center. Multilevel Assessment Instrument (MAI). PMID- 3249789 TI - Rapid Disability Rating Scale-2 (RDRS-2). PMID- 3249790 TI - Social Dysfunction Rating Scale (SDRS). PMID- 3249791 TI - Tardive Dyskinesia Rating Scale (TDRS). PMID- 3249792 TI - Group dynamics as an emotional turmoil precipitating psychotic manifestations. AB - Data on 23 patients developing a psychosis precipitated by group sessions (mainly nontherapeutic groups in a strict sense) are presented. Nearly 70% (16 patients) fulfilled the DSM-III criteria for major affective disorder, while only 4 patients met the criteria for schizophrenia. Possible factors for the development of psychotic symptomatology during group activities and the role of group dynamics acting as stress factors precipitating functional psychoses, especially bipolar manifestations, are discussed. PMID- 3249793 TI - Depth dimension. A psychometric approach and some clinical data. AB - A psychometric scale based upon phenomenological descriptions was constructed for approaching the emotional depth dimension of personality. Some nosological groups of endogenous psychoses tested in the frame of a controlled follow-up study were characterized by psychometric values which might be discussed both in relation to prepsychotic personality and to course of illness. PMID- 3249794 TI - Emotions and attributional processes as a frame of reference for explaining acute psychotic symptomatology. PMID- 3249795 TI - Affect and emotion. Symposium of the World Psychiatric Association's Section of Clinical Psychopathology. Vienna, October 8-10, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3249796 TI - Emotion, affect and mood: a terminological introduction. AB - It is difficult to establish clear distinctions between emotion, affect and mood, because they belong to the same physiological dimension which may be conceived as 'background' activity'; for the purposes of research definitions should be as precise as possible. After a review of the most commonly used and sometimes contradictory definitions of these and related terms, a modified version of Janzarik's model of the 'structural-dynamic coherency' is proposed as a frame of reference for improvement in defining different 'dynamic states'. The clear distinction between emotional resonance, mood and drive for the description of pathological modifications of the background activity is discussed. PMID- 3249797 TI - Modelling affect in terms of speech parameters. AB - It is well known that the human voice contains important information about the affective state of a speaker at a nonverbal level. Accordingly, we started an extensive investigation which aims at modelling intraindividual changes of the global affective state over time, as this state is reflected by the human voice, and can be inferred from measurable speech parameters. For the purpose of this investigation, a speech-recording procedure was designed which is especially suited to reveal intraindividual changes of voice patterns over time since each person serves as his or her own reference. On the other hand, the chosen experimental setup is less suited to classify patients in the sense of a traditional diagnostic scheme. In order to find an appropriate mathematical model on the basis of speech parameters, a calibration study with 190 healthy subjects was carried out which enabled us to investigate each parameter for its reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity. In particular, this calibration study yielded the information of how to draw the line between 'normal' fluctuations and 'significant' intraindividual changes over time. All speech parameters under discussion turned out to be sufficiently stable over time, whereas, in regard to their sensitivity to form and content of text, significant differences showed up. In a second step, a pilot study with 6 depressive patients was carried out in order to investigate the specificity of voice parameters with regard to psychopathology. It turned out that the registration procedure is realizable even if patients are considerably handicapped by their illness. However, no consistent correlations could be revealed between single speech parameters and psychopathological rating scales.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3249798 TI - Salmonella and complications related to age--Sheffield experience. AB - Three instances of extra-intestinal infection in elderly patients and the recent outbreak at Stanley Royd Hospital promoted a retrospective review of all salmonella infections seen at the Regional Diseases Unit over a 30-month period with particular reference to management of those over the age of 65 years. The survey has confirmed a more protracted illness with higher mortality and morbidity in elderly people suggesting a need for routine antibiotic treatment in these patients. PMID- 3249799 TI - The numbers game ... never mind the quality, fill the gaps. PMID- 3249800 TI - Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of cervical disc herniation. PMID- 3249801 TI - Impedence phlebography. PMID- 3249802 TI - Pneumatic reduction of ileo-colic intussusception in children. PMID- 3249803 TI - College assessors: putting policy into action. PMID- 3249804 TI - Analysing and communicating research data. PMID- 3249805 TI - Teaching Bohr atomic theory. PMID- 3249806 TI - The oblique sternum: an alternative projection. PMID- 3249808 TI - Transplantation into the mammalian CNS. Proceedings of the Schmitt Symposium. June 30-July 3, 1987, Rochester, New York. PMID- 3249807 TI - Management effectiveness. PMID- 3249809 TI - Impact of neuropeptides in biological psychiatry. Current status and perspectives in clinical studies. PMID- 3249810 TI - [Connectin, muscle elastic protein]. PMID- 3249811 TI - [Biological functions of protein carboxyl methylation]. PMID- 3249812 TI - [Micro-determination of protein concentration by dry weight method]. PMID- 3249813 TI - [Glutathione]. PMID- 3249814 TI - Extrarenal pelvis mimicking obstructive uropathy in nine years of serial bone scintigraphies. AB - A woman who underwent mastectomy for left breast carcinoma has been followed-up yearly with bone scintigraphy using Tc-99m diphosphonate compounds for nine years. In the bone images of the initial three years (first, second, and third years postmastectomy), radiotracer accumulation in the right renal upper collecting system had been interpreted as obstructive uropathy. Then the patient underwent initial (third year postmastectomy) and repeat (fifth year postmastectomy) intravenous contrast pyelography (IVP), which revealed an extrarenal pelvis with no significant interval changes. The fourth and fifth bone scintigraphs and the subsequent four consecutive bone scintigraphs showed the same pattern radiotracer retention in the right renal collecting system. Thus, while interpretation of an accumulation of radiotracer in the upper renal collecting systems on a single bone scintigraphy may provide difficulty in making a differential diagnosis between obstructive uropathy and extrarenal pelvis, IVP is important for definitive diagnosis. Alternatively, a review of the previous consecutive bone studies, if available, may also aid in this differentiation, since obstructive uropathy may manifest as progressive renal dysfunction, while extrarenal pelvis may have the same pattern of radiotracer accumulation in the collecting system persistently. PMID- 3249815 TI - Radionuclide, computed tomography, and digital imaging of duplicated inferior vena cava. AB - Duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is not an uncommon vascular anomaly. We describe here the appearance of double IVC by radionuclide angiography, computed tomography (CT) scan, and digital angiography. It is important to confirm the presence of duplicated IVC, which is usually first seen on CT scan, because patients undergoing certain surgical procedures would be at greater risk for injury to the IVC as well as other complications. PMID- 3249816 TI - Bilateral stress fracture of the navicular in a non-athlete. AB - Stress fracture of the navicular is usually seen in physically active individuals. A case of bilateral involvement in a non-athlete with multiple medical problems is reported. Diagnosis is often delayed because routine radiographs are usually normal at the onset of symptoms. PMID- 3249817 TI - Measurements of magnetic relaxation times of normal tissue and renal cell carcinoma. AB - Spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) magnetic relaxation times of 25 human renal cell carcinomas and their assorted normal tissues were measured with a Bruker NMR spectrometer operating at 20 MHz. The tissue samples were examined within four hours after surgery. The results (mean +/- SD) were as follows: renal cell carcinoma, T1 = 638 +/- 168 msec and T2 = 109 +/- 41 msec; normal renal tissue, T1 = 594 +/- 165 msec and T2 = 100 +/- 24 msec. These results indicate that there was no significant difference in T1 and T2 between normal renal tissue and carcinoma. Our results suggest that it is difficult to separate relaxation times of renal cancer from those of normal parenchyma and that the difference between T1 and T2 alone does not permit recognition of renal cell cancer. Paramagnetic contrast agents may be useful in MR imaging to differentiate renal cancer from normal parenchyma. PMID- 3249818 TI - Patients' perceptions of their cosmetic appearance more than ten years after radiotherapy for basal cell carcinoma. AB - Of 47 elderly patients treated by simple radiotherapeutic techniques for basal cell carcinomas, 12 are alive and free of disease more than 10 years after treatment. They were asked to rate their perception of the current cosmetic appearance of their lesions on a scale consisting of: excellent, very good, good, mediocre, and poor. Six of the 12 rated their cosmetic appearance as excellent, three considered it very good, and three called it good. Despite undeniable objective deterioration of the cosmetic appearance of irradiated basal cell carcinomas, patients appear to be pleased with the results. PMID- 3249819 TI - Japanese commerce: Trading companies have many biotech roles. PMID- 3249820 TI - Biotech trends in the Japanese pharmaceutical industry. PMID- 3249821 TI - Perspective on the growth and development of the Japanese biotechnology industry and governmental policies. PMID- 3249822 TI - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. Recombinant DNA research; actions under guidelines; notice. PMID- 3249823 TI - [Computerized tomography in the evaluation of abdominal involvement in paracoccidioidomycosis]. PMID- 3249825 TI - [Anemophilus fungi in the Brazilian-Colombian border]. PMID- 3249824 TI - [Use of sodium azide, as feces preservative, for the study of eggs of Schistosoma mansoni by the Kato-Katz method]. PMID- 3249827 TI - [Subprosthetic bacterial plaque in removable dentures (4th and last). Ultrastructural study]. PMID- 3249826 TI - Low dose glucantime therapy in Leishmania viannia braziliensis (Lvb) infections. PMID- 3249828 TI - [Test for gold refining]. PMID- 3249829 TI - [Alginate based dental impression material with integrated disinfection]. PMID- 3249830 TI - [Disclosure of AIDS risk]. PMID- 3249831 TI - [Viral hepatitis B: vaccination]. PMID- 3249832 TI - Glomerular hyperfiltration in hypertensive fawn-hooded rats. AB - The glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urinary protein excretion (UpV) were determined in 12-week-old male rats of the spontaneously hypertensive Fawn-Hooded (FH) strain. These data were compared with those of either age-matched or weight matched male, normotensive Wistar Albino Glaxo (WAG) rats. The GFR was significantly higher in FH rats than in both WAG control groups. In contrast, the ERPF did not differ between the FH and WAG rats. Thus, a higher filtration fraction was present in the FH rats. As no differences were found in the total number of glomeruli per kidney comparing FH and WAG rats, the high GFR was not due to an increase in the number of glomeruli. The SBP and the UpV were significantly higher in FH rats than in WAG rats. To our opinion, the arterial hypertension associated with glomerular hyperfiltration proteinuria suggests the presence of glomerular hypertension in FH rats. PMID- 3249833 TI - Vasopressin stimulates urinary kallikrein excretion in the isolated erythrocyte perfused rat kidney. AB - We have found that arginine vasopressin (AVP) (10 pg/ml) stimulates urinary kallikrein in the isolated erythrocyte perfused rat kidney. (In this model, perfusate flow rate approximates blood flow rates in vivo and morphology is normal.) Urinary kallikrein excretion rose from 6.9 +/- 0.8 to 14.9 +/- 2.4 ng/min 20 min after the addition of AVP to the perfusate, and then fell towards baseline levels over the next 30 min. 1-Desamino-8-D-AVP (8 pg/ml) caused a comparable increase in kallikrein excretion. Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition with indomethacin did not alter the stimulatory effect of AVP on kallikrein excretion. Parathyroid hormone 1-34 (144 ng/ml) and calcitonin (102 ng/ml) also increased urinary kallikrein. Kallikrein excretion rose from 9.1 +/- 2.0 to 24 +/ 4.5 ng/min in response to calcitonin and from 8.3 +/- 1.6 to 43.7 +/- 3.4 ng/min following the addition of parathyroid hormone to the perfusate. Kallikrein was found to accumulate in the perfusate in a linear fashion. Based on the slope of the relationship between perfusate kallikrein and time, the rate of release of kallikrein into the perfusate was estimated to be 0.79 ng/min in control kidneys. The rate of release of kallikrein into the perfusate in kidneys treated with AVP was the same (0.74 ng/min). Thus while kallikrein is released into the perfusate, this process is not influenced by AVP. In conclusion, AVP stimulates release of kallikrein into the urine (but not the perfusate) independently of systemic events. The effect of AVP is not mediated by prostaglandins. This effect of AVP is mediated via stimulation of the V2 receptor and also occurs in response to two other hormones (calcitonin and parathyroid hormone) that are known to stimulate adenyl cyclase in the rat distal nephron. PMID- 3249834 TI - Ischemia in the isolated erythrocyte-perfused rat kidney. Protective effect of hypothermia. AB - We have examined the effects of 25 min of ischemia in the isolated erythrocyte perfused rat kidney (IEPK). We have previously shown that, in this model, perfusate flow rate is close to blood flow rates in vivo and morphology is normal. The functional and morphological consequences of both warm ischemia (at 37 degrees C) and ischemia induced during mild hypothermia (27 degrees C) were compared. (1) Warm ischemia resulted in a 51% increase in renal vascular resistance (RVR) during the reflow period, while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was reduced to 24% of control levels. (2) Kidneys subjected to warm ischemia showed marked morphological damage localized to the proximal tubule. There was dilatation of the proximal segments and widespread loss of the proximal brush border due both to shedding into the lumen and interiorization into the cell. In contrast to the proximal tubular damage, the cells of the medullary thick ascending limb segments were intact. However, the lumena of many of these segments were filled with cytoplasmic blebs and necrotic cell debris. There was also pronounced vascular congestion of the capillary plexus in the inner stripe of the outer medulla. (3) Hypothermia to 27 degrees C resulted in almost complete protection against ischemic injury: RVR and GFR were not different from control values. Also, kidneys subjected to cold ischemia showed only isolated areas of mild brush border damage; no evidence of tubular obstruction or vascular congestion was present. (4) Thus, warm ischemia in the IEPK results in functional and morphological effects comparable to those found in vivo. Post-ischemic vasoconstriction as well as medullary congestion occur in the absence of systemic hormones and renal nerves. These consequences of ischemia are prevented by modest hypothermia. PMID- 3249835 TI - Increased Ca++ or mg++ concentration reduces relative tight-junction permeability to Na+ in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. AB - We have tested whether increased Ca++ and Mg++ concentrations have an effect on transepithelial voltage (PDte) and transepithelial resistance (Rte) in isolated perfused cortical thick ascending limbs (cTAL) of rabbit kidney. The divalent cations added at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mmol.l-1 to the lumen or peritubular bath perfusate led to a concentration-dependent increase in Rte. The maximal response in Rte was observed between 5 and 10 mmol.l-1. No significant change in active transepithelial potential difference (PDte) was observed. The increase in Rte still occurred when the transcellular current was reduced by Ba++ (3 mmol.l-1) added to the lumen perfusate. This suggests that the increase in Rte caused by Ca++ and Mg++ is due to a modification of the paracellular shunt pathway. In the absence of active transport, i.e. when furosemide (5.10(-5) mol.l-1) was added to the lumen perfusate. Ca++ and Mg++ reduced the transepithelial diffusion potential generated by a NaCl gradient established across the epithelium, and thus produced a reduction of the relative permeability for Na+ over Cl- (PNa+/PCl ) of the paracellular shunt pathway. This indicates that divalent cations increase Rte by reducing the sodium permeability of the tight junctions. The observed Ca++ and Mg++ induced reduction of the sodium permeability of the paracellular pathway corresponds to a decrease in net Na+ reabsorption by 5-10%. Since it has been demonstrated that peptide hormones such as parathyrin (PTH) modulate divalent cation and NaCl reabsorptions, in a second series of experiments we tested the effects of PTH (2-20 USP.l-1) and dbcAMP (10(-3) mol.l 1) on PDte and Rte of isolated perfused cTAL segments of rabbit nephron. Neither Rte nor PDte were affected by PTH or dbcAMP. PMID- 3249836 TI - Direct effects of altered temperature on renal structure and function. AB - Although marked alterations in temperature often accompany ischemic, acute renal failure (ARF), the effects of altered temperature on renal structure and function have received little attention. In the present investigation, isolated rat kidneys perfused at 41 degrees C had extensive tubular damage and decreased function compared to kidneys perfused at 37 degrees C. In contrast, kidneys perfused at 30 degrees C had less tubular damage, and better function, than kidneys perfused at 37 degrees C. Increased temperature caused a 50% reduction in renal ATP (0.46 +/- 0.04 microM/100 mg tissue protein. 37 degrees C vs. 0.26 +/- 0.03 microM/100 mg tissue protein, 41 degrees C; p less than 0.05). The decreased ATP occurred despite reduced sodium reabsorption (129 +/- 8 microM/min/g, 37 degrees C vs. 65 +/- 12 microM/min/g, 41 degrees C, p less than 0.05) and normal renal oxygen consumption (QO2). These results suggest that increased temperature may cause an uncoupling of QO2 and sodium chloride transport, and an increase in nontransport mediated, basal metabolic rate may result in depleted cellular ATP levels and renal tubular cell death. PMID- 3249837 TI - Pulmonary exchange of solutes during experimental lung lavage in pigs. AB - Unilateral continuous lung lavage in a nonregenerating system (3,000 ml isotonic cristalloid) was done in 12 pigs for 270 min. The concentration of substances in serum and fluid was measured. Half-time (t1/2) of exchange and permeability constants (P) were determined. In the fluid Na+ decreased significantly (t1/2 = 107 min, P = 7.8 x 10(-7]. Urea increased significantly, reaching serum level after 270 min (t1/2 = 109.1 min, P = 6.18 x 10(-6]. Ca2+ (t1/2 = 36.7 min, P = 4.1 x 10(-7] PO4 = (t1/2 = 173.3 min, P = 1.1 x 10(-7], and creatinine (t1/2 = 55.2 min, P = 6.2 x 10(-7] also increased markedly but did not reach serum level. The adjustment to serum concentration may be prevented by interaction between diffusion, active transport or Donnan's equilibria. K+ increased almost linearly, documented by the long half-time (t1/2 = 7,835.2 min, P = 7.7 x 10(-7] and did not reach serum level. The calculated limit value was higher than the serum level. Active transport systems or influx of K+ from cellular compartments rather than from the serum might be involved in its linear kinetics. Total protein (t1/2 = 61.5 min, P = 2.06 x 10(-9] and albumin (t1/2 = 58.8 min, P = 1.7 x 10(-9] increased initially but levelled far below the serum value. The low P indicates a lack of significant permeation. Initial increase may be due to washout of the epithelial lining fluid compartment. There was minimal transfer of lavage fluid into the organism (10-20 ml/30 min). Serum concentrations were not affected by the lavage. PMID- 3249838 TI - Respiratory center output following zopiclone or diazepam administration in patients with pulmonary disease. AB - Mouth occlusion pressure at 0.1 s (P0.1) and minute ventilation (VE) were measured at rest and during progressive hypercapnia in 32 patients. Under double blind conditions and according to a 2 x 2 Latin-square design, half the patients received one oral dose of diazepam and its placebo. Using the same design, the other half received zopiclone and its placebo. Normocapnic and moderately hypoxemic patients between the ages of 21 and 69 with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were included in the study. Diazepam produced a statistically significant decrease (p less than 0.05) over its placebo in delta P0.1/delta PETCO2 values following CO2 rebreathing. Zopiclone did not influence either delta P0.1/delta PETCO2 or delta VE/delta PETCO2, but produced a significant increase in respiratory frequency. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two active treatments. PMID- 3249839 TI - Effect of aminophylline aerosol on the bronchial response to ultrasonic mist of distilled water in asthmatic patients. AB - To ascertain whether inhaled aminophylline was effective in preventing the bronchial response induced by inhalating of an ultrasonic mist of distilled water (UMDW), we examined 8 asthmatic patients who had previously been shown to be reactive to this agent. Patients were given either 30 mg aminophylline or saline placebo aerosols followed by inhalation of 60 liters of UMDW; measurements of specific airway conductance (sGaw) were made before and after aminophylline or saline administration and after UMDW challenge. UMDW consistently induced a significant decrease in sGaw in all patients; however, in our subjects as a group, the degree of UMDW-induced bronchoconstriction was significantly less after premedication with aminophylline aerosol than after saline (p less than 0.01). Our results suggest that aminophylline is effective in preventing UMDW induced bronchoconstriction; the possible relationships between bronchial response to UMDW and its modulation by inhaled aminophylline are discussed. PMID- 3249841 TI - Use of visual analogue scales for assessment of the severity of asthma. AB - Use of visual analogue scales (VAS) can provide reliable assessment of dyspnea. In order to determine if VAS can be used for clinical assessment of asthma we administered the scale to 40 stable asthmatics and found a good correlation (r = 0.72) with the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) readings expressed as per cent of predicted normal. The scales were also used to assess severity in 12 acutely ill asthmatics. Values of VAS and PEFR were recorded at the time of admission and twice daily thereafter till discharge from the hospital. The correlation of the two parameters was less than that obtained in stable asthmatics, but graphic parallelism was remarkable. PMID- 3249840 TI - Bronchial provocation tests before and after cessation of smoking. AB - We studied the effect of smoking cessation on airway reactivity. We recruited cigarette smokers who were attempting to stop smoking. Entry criteria required each subject to be smoking at least 10 cigarettes each day and report a chronic cough. Exclusion criteria included significant airflow obstruction or the presence of any medical condition contraindicating challenge testing. Carbachol challenge was performed to assess airway reactivity according to a standardized method. Baseline measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), specific airway conductance (SGaw) and the provocative dose of carbachol causing a 35% reduction in SGaw (PD35), and a 20% reduction in FEV1 (PD20) were established on entry while each subject was still smoking. Thereafter, repeat measurements were performed after 2 and 6 months of smoking cessation. Adherence to smoking cessation was checked by self-report and verified by measurement of alveolar carbon monoxide levels at each session. Of the 34 subjects who gave consent, 13 relapsed prior to the 2nd month and an additional 8 relapsed before the 6th month. Thirteen of the 34 remained abstinent throughout the 6-month study. All 13 subjects had complete resolution of their cough. The difference in reactivity on entry to that at the 2nd and 6th month was not significant. We conclude that (1) the symptom of chronic cough resolved completely after 2 months of smoking cessation, and (2) airway reactivity remained unchanged at 2 and 6 months of smoking cessation. PMID- 3249843 TI - [Clinical application of flow cytometry in lung cancer]. PMID- 3249842 TI - Physiological analysis of extended-spectrum oscillometry. AB - Using a forced oscillation technique, the resistance and reactance of the respiratory system in a frequency range between 4 and 52 Hz were described in a group of healthy subjects and a group of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In normal subjects, resistance values increased at higher frequencies. As compared to the results in normal subjects, resistance values were much higher and decreased with frequency in COPD patients. Reactance values were more negative, resulting in an increase of resonant frequency. Using matrix network topography, these findings were analyzed in a modified Mead's model. Compressibility of alveolar gas was incorporated in the model calculations. Resistance and reactance values slightly decreased by adding gas compliance in the model calculations. Our results support Mead's hypothesis that the shunt compliance is formed by the compliance of intrathoracic airway walls. Input impedance measurement by forced oscillation is therefore an easily implemented, non-invasive method to investigate respiratory mechanics not requiring active cooperation from the subject. Analysis of resistance and reactance over an extended frequency range gives information about the distribution of resistance along the bronchial system and about compliance of the intrathoracic airway walls as expanding structures in parallel with the air spaces. PMID- 3249844 TI - [Clinical interpretation of left ventricular diastolic properties]. PMID- 3249845 TI - [Puffer fish poisoning]. PMID- 3249846 TI - [Informed consent for clinician]. PMID- 3249847 TI - [Analysis of pathophysiology in stable out-patients with severe respiratory failure (PaO2 less than 45 Torr)--backgrounds of accommodation]. PMID- 3249848 TI - [Habitual snoring as a causative factor of essential hypertension--case control study]. PMID- 3249849 TI - [Effect of coronary collateral vessels at rest and during atrial pacing stress test in complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery]. PMID- 3249850 TI - [The mechanism of dopamine induced pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3249851 TI - [A surgical case report of severe infundibular PS--especially transtricuspid flow by pulsed Doppler cardiography]. PMID- 3249852 TI - [Effects of oxygen administration on mixed venous oxygenation and pulmonary hemodynamics in chronic pulmonary disease]. PMID- 3249854 TI - [Clinical features in 87 patients with syncope]. PMID- 3249853 TI - [Clinical usefulness of the monitoring of thorax movement for postoperative neonates with congenital heart disease--a preliminary study for developing a new volume-limited ventilator for neonates]. PMID- 3249855 TI - [Acquired left coronary artery fistula to the left ventricle after myocardial infarction. Report of two cases]. PMID- 3249856 TI - [A case of primary aldosteronism with syncopal attack as an initial diagnostic clue]. PMID- 3249858 TI - Facial pain. PMID- 3249857 TI - [A case of true supernormal AV conduction in the presence of advanced AV block]. PMID- 3249859 TI - [Current concerns of scientific research on the environment]. PMID- 3249860 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic aspects of risk factors in cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 3249861 TI - A modern outlook on the transient ischemic attacks in the vertebrobasilar system. PMID- 3249862 TI - [Clinico-genetic comments on a case history of familial psychopathology]. PMID- 3249863 TI - [The guiding of curative factors in rehabilitative psychiatric care]. PMID- 3249864 TI - [Lumbar disk hernia--a disease with a varying chronic nature. Socioeconomic implications]. PMID- 3249865 TI - [Indications for a Chiari-type iliac osteotomy in the surgical trussing treatment of Perthes disease]. PMID- 3249866 TI - [Pancreatic injuries]. PMID- 3249867 TI - [The interdisciplinary aspect--a factor in the all-around education of the future physician and pharmacist]. PMID- 3249868 TI - [Enteral and articular infections with Yersinia enterocolitica in relation to the possible source of the infection]. PMID- 3249869 TI - [Dermatoglyphic study in medical practice. I. General aspects]. PMID- 3249870 TI - [Radiologic aspects and forms found in gastric cancer]. PMID- 3249871 TI - [Possibilities for improving genetic counseling]. PMID- 3249872 TI - [Biopharmaceutic research on the new ointment base Novadeps U]. PMID- 3249873 TI - [Eritroacnol--an emulsion for the treatment of pyoderma]. PMID- 3249874 TI - [P.I.C.: the intracavernous injection of papaverine, a diagnostic test in impotence]. PMID- 3249876 TI - [Balloon tamponade in transfixing wounds of the liver: immediate results]. PMID- 3249875 TI - [Preliminary data on the biological significance of urinary dimethylamine in workers with chronic occupational exposure to alkylamines]. PMID- 3249877 TI - A standardized operative procedure in patients with duodenal trauma. PMID- 3249878 TI - [Measurement of duodenogastric reflux: standardization of a new technic with rose bengal labeled with 131I]. PMID- 3249879 TI - [Surgery in the elderly patient: diseases and postoperative complications]. PMID- 3249880 TI - [Umbilical hernia in adults. Review of 291 cases treated at the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo]. PMID- 3249881 TI - [Controlled surgical cholangiography after choledocholithotomy. A tactic to avoid false images of the calculi]. PMID- 3249882 TI - [The myenteric plexus of the human esophagus in membrane preparations]. PMID- 3249883 TI - [Initial treatment of patients with hypovolemic shock: use of a 7.5% hypertonic solution of NaCl]. PMID- 3249884 TI - Antigen-induced arthritis in rabbits: a suitable experimental model for the study of arachidonic acid metabolites in articular inflammatory processes. PMID- 3249885 TI - Urinary hydrogen ion excretion and concentrating capacity in the recovery phase of acute renal insufficiency due to acute tubular necrosis. PMID- 3249886 TI - [Therapeutic alternatives in splenic abscess]. PMID- 3249887 TI - [Medical residency in infectious and parasitic diseases at the Hospital das Clinicas of the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo]. PMID- 3249888 TI - [Immediate effect of the administration of a single dose of gentamicin and cephalothin on renal function]. PMID- 3249889 TI - Anticollagen antibodies in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3249890 TI - [Involvement of pulmonary microcirculation in experimental acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3249891 TI - [Postoperative evaluation by computed tomography of fractures and dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine]. PMID- 3249892 TI - [Prognosis in patients with cancer of the exocrine pancreas undergoing surgical treatment]. PMID- 3249893 TI - [Prolonged bacteremia caused by Salmonella typhimurium in patients with AIDS. A case report]. PMID- 3249894 TI - [Clinico-evolutive aspects of viral hepatitis followed-up in the outpatient clinic of the Infectious Disease Clinic in Timisoara]. PMID- 3249895 TI - [Etiologic diagnosis of cases of autochthonous Borrelia burgdorferi infection (Lyme disease)]. PMID- 3249896 TI - [The level of antibodies against the canine morbilli virus--a possible "marker" for areas with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3249897 TI - [Anaerobic flora isolated in postpartum infections]. PMID- 3249898 TI - [The blotting technic used in the study of proteins]. PMID- 3249899 TI - [Transmission and persistence of V. cholerae O:1 infection. Facts and hypotheses]. PMID- 3249900 TI - [Normalization of immune function following therapy with Cantastim in a case of chronic T-cell lymphatic leukemia (CTLL)]. PMID- 3249901 TI - Paracoccidioidomycosis: a sequential histopathologic study of lesions in experimentally-infected rats. PMID- 3249902 TI - [Susceptibility of Lymnaea (Pseudosuccinea) columella (Say, 1817) exposed to infection by miracidia of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758)]. PMID- 3249903 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase activity in methemoglobin reduction by methylene blue and cystamine. Study on glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient individuals, on normal subjects and on riboflavin-treated subjects. PMID- 3249904 TI - [Domiciliary and occupational contact with dogs as risk factors of human infection by Toxocara larvae]. PMID- 3249907 TI - [Perception of teachers in the educational system of the State of Sao Paulo on their training in the health of school children]. PMID- 3249906 TI - [Intestinal helminthiasis. II. Prevalence and correlation with income, family size, anemia and nutritional status]. PMID- 3249908 TI - [Professionals in health areas: knowledge of the documentation terminology]. PMID- 3249909 TI - [Growth profile of children attending a supplementary food program]. PMID- 3249905 TI - [Adverse effect of the intermittent use of rifampicin in treating Hansen's disease]. PMID- 3249911 TI - [Growth and nutritional status of children]. PMID- 3249910 TI - [Food poisoning by Minas-type cheese contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 3249912 TI - Lectin-induced damage to the enterocyte brush border. An electron-microscopic study in rabbits. AB - The ultrastructural effects of 11 lectins on the intestinal brush border were examined by means of an in vitro rabbit ileal mucosal explant culture system. Five of the lectins that bind to oligosaccharides containing either N acetylglucosamine (phytohaemagglutinin, Euonymus europaeus lectin, pokeweed mitogen, and wheat germ agglutinin) or N-acetylneuraminic acid (Mycoplasma gallisepticum lectin) all had a specific effect on microvilli. The effects varied in accordance with the lectin and included lengthening, distortion, and vesiculation of the microvilli. In contrast, lectins binding specifically to galactose, glucose, mannose, and N-acetylgalactosamine had no effect. Incubation of mucosal fragments with the divalent cation ionophore A23187 did not mimic the effect of the lectins. This apparent relationship between lectin damage and receptor specificity may reflect either accessibility of appropriate binding sites or a differential response to binding. PMID- 3249913 TI - Gastric mucus gel layer thickness measured by direct light microscopy. An experimental study in the rat. AB - A method for measuring the thickness of the mucus gel layer present on the gastric mucosa is described. This method enables minimal handling of the mucosal specimens and thereby minimizes the errors connected with tissue handling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. With the rats under general anesthesia, the stomach was excised and opened along the greater curvature, and full-thickness biopsy specimens from the corpus region were obtained by means of a skin biopsy punch. From these specimens a slice of mucosa, 1 mm thick, was rapidly cut out and put into a specially made glass chamber containing 0.9% NaCl. The chamber was sealed with a cover glass. Mucus gel layer thickness could then be measured in a conventional light microscope operated at a primary magnification of x120. This method was tested on two groups of 10 rats. The animals in the control group were given 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl, and the rats in the experimental group were given 1 ml of sodium salicylate, 75 mg/kg, dissolved in saline. After 15 min the animals were anesthetized and specimens prepared for measuring mucus gel layer thickness. In the control group, the mucus gel layer measured 145 microns, whereas in the experimental group it reached a thickness of 305 microns. The method proved to be easy to use, and the effects of pharmacologic substances on the mucus gel layer in the stomach could be investigated. PMID- 3249914 TI - Mucosal proctectomy with straight ileoanal anastomosis. A comparison of two methods. AB - Straight ileoanal anastomosis was performed in 59 patients. In 32 patients (group I) mucosal dissection was performed from above with preservation of a distal mucosal brim. In 27 patients (group II) the mucosectomy was performed to the dentate line--in 26 patients from the perineal side and in 1 patient from the abdominal side. Diverting loop ileostomy was used in group II but not in group I. The results in group II were in every respect inferior to those in group I, with significantly more intestinal obstruction and more conversions to permanent ileostomy because of poor functional results. The patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in group II had higher stool frequency (10 (6-12) versus 7.3 (5-8) per 24 h; p = 0.01) and significantly less 'neorectal' capacity and distensibility than the UC patients in group I at 12 months after the operation. Anal continence was perfect in group I. In group II, 5 of 15 of the patients had significant incontinence problems 12 months postoperatively. The differences in results are ascribed to the differences in surgical technique between the two groups, and especially to the harmful effect of anal dilatation. PMID- 3249916 TI - Bile acid malabsorption demonstrated by SeHCAT in chronic diarrhoea, with special reference to the impact of cholecystectomy. AB - SeHCAT is a gamma-labelled synthetic bile acid, suitable for external measurements and detection of bile acid malabsorption. In this study 138 subjects were investigated with 75SeHCAT. The technique was modified by calculating the biologic half-life of the isotope (WBR-50) within 48 h. All patients with ileocaecal resection had reduced WBR-50 values, as did most (8 of 12) with Crohn's disease affecting the small bowel. Among patients with chronic diarrhoea 24 out of 62 patients had reduced WBR-50 values. Four of the patients with low WBR-50 and one in the group with normal WBR-50 had previously been cholecystectomized. In a consecutive study, 15 patients were investigated before and after cholecystectomy. In 12, WBR-50 decreased after the operation (p less than 0.05). The results demonstrate the impact of cholecystectomy on the interpretation of the SeHCAT retention results. The results may also add to the understanding of diarrhoea secondary to cholecystectomy. PMID- 3249915 TI - A comparative study of the effects of four motor-stimulating agents on canine jejunal spike bursts. The use of a computer program to analyze spike burst spread. AB - The intestinal myoelectric effects of four motor-stimulating drugs were compared in conscious dogs. Dogs were fed a standardized 400-kcal meal, and the myoelectric activity was monitored before and after drug administration. Graded doses of metoclopramide, cisapride, bethanechol, and cholecystokinin (CCK) were compared by means of a computer program to identify spike bursts and determine their frequency, duration, and length of migration. Bethanechol and CCK produced the greatest increase in myoelectric activity in terms of spike burst frequency and duration but the least in terms of length of spike burst spread. Metoclopramide had minimal measurable myoelectric effects. Cisapride had the greatest effect on the length of spike burst migration but little effect on spike burst frequency and duration. The results suggest that cisapride is a more efficient prokinetic agent than bethanechol, CCK, or metoclopramide. The greater length of spike burst spread caused by cisapride was associated with a more rapid rate of transit along the monitored segment of bowel when compared with control. This confirms the correlation between length of spike burst spread and propulsive efficiency. PMID- 3249917 TI - Prognostic significance of hereditary predisposition on the outcome of colorectal cancer as expressed by increased in vitro tetraploidy. AB - Seventy colorectal cancer patients operated on in the period 1981-1984 were consecutively investigated for in vitro tetraploidy in dermal fibroblasts, as an increased number of tetraploids is considered a marker of genetic predisposition for colorectal cancer. The difference in disease-free survival rates of increased (IVT+) and normal (IVT-) in vitro tetraploidy was not statistically significant (0.1 less than p less than 0.2), but the decrease in the disease-free survival rate of IVT+ was 1.6 times that of IVT-. To exclude the influence of other prognostic factors, a Cox multivariate regression analysis was used, with Dukes C carcinoma and poor differentiation as co-variables for IVT+. In this analysis IVT+ did not show any independent prognostic significance. A genetic predisposition for colorectal cancer, as expressed by the presence of IVT+ in skin fibroblasts, does not seem to influence the survival of patients with colorectal cancer. PMID- 3249918 TI - Depression of intestinal epithelial cell production rate by hindgut bypass in rats. AB - Influence of hindgut bypass on the epithelial cell production rates of the small and large intestine was tested in rats. Hindgut bypass decreased cryptal cell production rates of the jejunum, ileum, cecum, and distal colon by 40-65%. These results suggest that the entrance of ileal effluent into the hindgut and, presumably, the resultant microbial production of short-chain fatty acids are required to maintain the normal epithelial cell proliferation not only in the hindgut but also in the small intestine. PMID- 3249919 TI - A model for simultaneous study of pressure and electric events in the rabbit sphincter of Oddi and duodenum. AB - An animal experimental model featuring simultaneous recordings of electromyography and pressure from the sphincter of Oddi (SO) and duodenum is demonstrated. On the basis of data from 10 rabbits, pressure recordings from the SO were shown to have phasic activity with an average basic pressure peak interval of 2.6 to 3.5 sec. Histographic analysis of SO pressure recordings showed a multimodal appearance, suggesting that the activity is paced. A substantial amount of overlap between SO and duodenal contractions was observed. As many as 30% of the pressure peaks recorded from the SO could not be assigned to a spike complex in the corresponding EMG tracings. It is suggested that combined recordings of EMG and pressure activity are needed to characterize fully the motility of the SO and duodenum. PMID- 3249920 TI - Effects of leukotriene D4, the antagonist L-649-923, and arachidonic acid on duodenal bicarbonate secretion in the rat in vivo. AB - Prostaglandins of the E type stimulate bicarbonate secretion by the duodenal mucosa and inhibit gastric acid secretion, effects that have been related to their anti-ulcer activity. Leukotrienes constitute a more recently discovered branch of the arachidonic acid cascade, and C4 and D4 have been suggested to be ulcerogenic in the stomach. We have studied the effects of luminal administration of leukotriene D4 and the leukotriene C4/D4 antagonist L-649-923 on duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion in the anaesthetized rat. Leukotriene D4 (10(-8)-10( 6) M) had no significant effects, but the antagonist dose-dependently increased the bicarbonate secretion and also transiently increased the transmucosal electric potential difference. The precursor arachidonic acid (10(-7)-10(-6) M) caused a small increase in secretion. The increase in bicarbonate secretion in response to 10(-3) M of the antagonist was of about the same magnitude as that observed with 10(-5) of prostaglandin E2, and it was abolished by pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. The gastroduodenal protective effects of L-649-923 in vivo may reflect an increase in mucosal prostaglandin production rather than leukotriene antagonism. PMID- 3249921 TI - Oxygen-derived free radicals in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. AB - Conscious rats were treated with a supramaximal dose of 5.10(-6)g.kg-1.h-1 of cerulein for periods of 3 and 12 h. In both groups of animals typical features of acute oedematous pancreatitis were proved by biochemical and histologic examinations. The most important finding of our study was the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in pancreatic tissue, accompanied by a slight increase of this scavenger enzyme in serum of rats stimulated with cerulein during 3 h. Parallelly, evident elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in pancreatic tissue was noted. After the 12-h infusion of cerulein we were not able to detect any SOD activity in pancreatic tissue, whereas this activity appeared in ascitic fluid of tested animals. Further increase of MDA concentration in pancreatic tissue, in comparison with 3-h pancreatitis, was found. These data suggest that in 3-h and 12-h cerulein-induced pancreatitis the oxygen-derived free radicals mediate the increased lipid peroxidation in pancreatic tissue. We think that the depletion of the scavenger enzyme SOD may be responsible for such a disturbance of lipid metabolism. PMID- 3249922 TI - Serum selenium and zinc concentrations in morbid obesity. Comparison of controls and patients with jejunoileal bypass. AB - The concentrations of serum selenium and zinc (both in micromoles per litre) were determined in 18 patients 5-12 years after jejunoileal bypass and in 13 controls with untreated morbid obesity. Selenium concentrations were significantly lower in the operated patients than among controls, whereas there was no significant difference with regard to zinc. Ninety-five per cent confidence limits for the median difference between pre- and post-operative concentrations were 0.03-0.41 with regard to selenium and -0.3 to 2.7 with regard to zinc. Even though little is known about the clinical consequences of chronic selenium deficiency, substitution might prove beneficial. PMID- 3249923 TI - Colorectal adenomas and food. A prospective study of change in volume and total mass of adenomas in man. AB - In an endoscopic population screening study for detection of colorectal polyps the diet was registered before ascertaining whether polyps were present. Polyps less than 5 mm in diameter were followed up for 2 years before removal and histologic diagnosis. The relative risk of an increase both in the volume of registered adenomas (excluding new adenomas) and in the total mass of adenomas (including new adenomas) showed a trend towards an inverse relationship with intake of dietary fiber, non-fiber carbohydrate, and cruciferous vegetables, reaching the significance level only for intake of dietary fiber for increase of adenoma volume in men. A trend towards a positive relationship between growth and total fat intake was more inconsistent, although the significance level was reached for the relative risk of increase in adenoma mass for men. These prospective observations with regard to polyp-bearing individuals agree with previous incidence and prevalence data that have indicated a relationship between dietary habits and colorectal carcinogenesis. PMID- 3249924 TI - Relationship between reduction of gastric acid secretion and plasma gastrin concentration during omeprazole treatment. AB - We have studied the relationship between reduction of gastric acid secretion and fasting plasma gastrin concentrations during once daily omeprazole treatment. Healthy subjects were given omeprazole for 5 days in daily doses of 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg. Acid secretion and fasting gastrin concentration were measured 6 h (maximal omeprazole effect) and 24 h (minimal omeprazole effect) after the fifth omeprazole dose. Omeprazole in doses lower than 20 mg daily did not suppress pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in all subjects 6 h after dosing on the 5th day. Doses of 20-80 mg omeprazole, however, significantly reduced acid secretion 24 h after the fifth dose, the range being 36-76%. A relationship between degree of acid inhibition and fasting gastrin concentration was observed. However, acid secretion needed to be reduced by more than 80% before gastrin levels were clearly affected. This degree of acid inhibition was only achieved 6 h after administration of omeprazole in doses of 20 mg and higher. The inhibitory effect of omeprazole on acid secretion decreased 24 h after dosing. Thus, fasting gastrin concentrations were moderately increased in the beginning and normalized at the end of each 24-h period during treatment with daily doses of 20-80 mg omeprazole. PMID- 3249925 TI - Consequences of diarrhoeal disease on the pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin. AB - The pharmacokinetics of 400 mg norfloxacin administered orally were studied in 19 patients both during the acute phase of bacterial gastroenteritis and during convalescence, after normalization of bowel movements. The peak serum concentrations, total area under the serum concentration curve, rate of elimination and serum half-life in the beta-phase were all similar during the acute phase of the disease as well as after normalization of the intestinal function. The only difference was that the time to peak concentrations was longer (p less than 0.01) during the acute phase of the disease. That finding suggests that the faster intraintestinal transport of the drug during the acute stage of the disease leads to a reduced efficiency of early absorption. However, since the bioavailability was not affected, norfloxacin is obviously absorbed at a lower intestinal level and no dose adjustment should be necessary in patients with diarrhoea. PMID- 3249926 TI - [Serum antibodies against brain tissue in patients with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3249927 TI - [The effect of lipidic substances on the biosynthesis of elastin]. PMID- 3249928 TI - [Biosynthesis of insoluble elastin in the chicken aorta]. PMID- 3249929 TI - [Formation of desmosine cross-links in aortic elastin in rats]. PMID- 3249930 TI - [Experimental possibilities for identification of parent cells in polykaryocytes arising in cell fusion]. PMID- 3249931 TI - [Induced cell fusion after the accumulation of certain substances in the surface membrane. II]. PMID- 3249933 TI - [The vascular and nerve supply of the parotid gland in rats using scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 3249932 TI - [The effect of atropine, quinuclidinyl benzilate and their antidote tetrahydroaminoacridine on adhesion and spreading in cells cultured in vitro]. PMID- 3249934 TI - [Changes in the permeability of the hematoencephalic barrier after supralethal irradiation in the head area in rats]. PMID- 3249935 TI - [Micromethods in the determination of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in brain tissue]. PMID- 3249936 TI - [The older person at risk]. PMID- 3249937 TI - [Clinical aspects of clinical comparative experiments]. PMID- 3249938 TI - [Less common methods of statistical analysis of results]. PMID- 3249939 TI - [Student evaluation of university instruction]. PMID- 3249940 TI - [Principles of the educational process at the department of otorhinolaryngology at the Charles University Medical School]. PMID- 3249941 TI - [Educational activities at university colleges]. PMID- 3249943 TI - [Regulations on setting free genetically-engineered microorganisms and viruses in the USA]. PMID- 3249942 TI - [The teaching of internal medicine during reconstruction of the university course of study]. PMID- 3249944 TI - [The position of the advice concerning regulations for setting free genetically engineered microorganisms and viruses in West Germany in light of environmental genetic regulations]. PMID- 3249945 TI - [Setting free genetically-engineered microorganisms from the environmental hygiene point of view]. PMID- 3249946 TI - [Electrophysiological study of medullary projection of the abdominal vagal and greater splanchnic afferents in the rabbit]. PMID- 3249947 TI - [The change of mitochondrial protein bound Ca2+ in some brain regions under the conditions of electroacupuncture or morphine analgesia and the analgesic tolerance]. PMID- 3249948 TI - [Studies on the kinetic changes of the growth of CFU-S in unstable and relative stable culture systems]. PMID- 3249949 TI - [The stimulatory effect of medullary raphe nuclei injection of gastrin on gastric motility in the rat and localization of gastrin immunoreactive cell]. PMID- 3249950 TI - [Effects of stimulation of caudate nucleus on the unit discharges of somato visceral converging neurons of parafascicular nucleus of thalamus in rats]. PMID- 3249951 TI - [Comparison of the abilities of GABA accumulation in the discrete brain areas of rats with different ages]. PMID- 3249952 TI - [The pressor effect of naloxone phentolamine or cinanserine injected into the lateral cerebroventricle of rabbit with haemorrhagic or endotoxic shock]. PMID- 3249954 TI - An experience with psychoanalytic psychotherapy in Singapore. PMID- 3249953 TI - Clinical exercise testing. PMID- 3249955 TI - Subarachnoid haemorrhage of unknown aetiology--a clinico-radiological analysis of 22 consecutive cases in the Malaysian population. PMID- 3249957 TI - An experience with psychoanalytic psychotherapy in Singapore. PMID- 3249956 TI - Comparative maximal exercise response of Malaysia ethnic groups. PMID- 3249958 TI - Innocent systolic murmurs in healthy young males: a study of the characteristics and prevalence in the SAF pre-enlistee population. PMID- 3249959 TI - Perception of the elderly towards services provided at the senior citizens' health care centre: a community-based survey, 1987. PMID- 3249960 TI - A ten-year follow-up study of schizophrenia. PMID- 3249961 TI - Uterine rupture with the use of Cervagem (prostaglandin E1) for induction of labour on account of intrauterine death. PMID- 3249962 TI - Urinary stones in Kelantan, Malaysia--a two year review. PMID- 3249964 TI - Organisation of a trauma centre. PMID- 3249963 TI - Isoelastic cementless total hip replacement. Preliminary results of 24 replacements. PMID- 3249965 TI - The Chiba needle for percutaneous lung biopsy. PMID- 3249966 TI - Fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis and classification of recurrent and metastatic gynaecological malignancies. PMID- 3249967 TI - Comparative study between prostaglandin E2 vaginal tablet and intravenous oxytocin in induction of labour. PMID- 3249968 TI - Snake bite: experience in Bukit Mertajam District Hospital, Pulau Pinang. PMID- 3249970 TI - Congenital syphilis--a report of 3 cases. PMID- 3249969 TI - Sickness absence of migrant workers. PMID- 3249971 TI - Spontaneous neonatal haemothorax--a report of two cases. PMID- 3249972 TI - Aspergillosis of sphenoid sinus presenting as a pituitary tumour. PMID- 3249973 TI - Ileosigmoid knot--case report. PMID- 3249974 TI - Endocarditis due to Streptococcus bovis--a case report. PMID- 3249975 TI - [Mechanisms of control in bone formation and resorption]. PMID- 3249977 TI - [Expanded clinical and basic profile of rheumatoid factors. 2. Analysis of IgG in normal subjects and patients with rheumatoid arthritis using nuclear magnetic resonance]. PMID- 3249976 TI - [Expanded clinical and basic profile of rheumatoid factors. 1. Clinical significance of rheumatoid factors of each immunoglobulin class in RA]. PMID- 3249978 TI - [Expanded clinical and basic profile of rheumatoid factors. 3. IgG subclasses participating in the formation of abnormal immune complexes in RA]. PMID- 3249979 TI - [Expanded clinical and basic profile of rheumatoid factors. 4. Monoclonal proteins with rheumatoid factor activity and their idiotypes]. PMID- 3249980 TI - [Expanded clinical and basic profile of rheumatoid factors. 5. Rheumatoid factor production and its regulation]. PMID- 3249981 TI - [Expanded clinical and basic profile of rheumatoid factors. 6. Rheumatoid factors in patients with Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 3249982 TI - [Problems in the revision of failed total prosthetic replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. 1. Cause and necessity of the revision of total joint replacement in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3249983 TI - [Problems in the revision of failed total prosthetic replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. 2. Indications for revision surgery of total joint replacement in RA]. PMID- 3249984 TI - [Problems in the revision of failed total prosthetic replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. 3. Development of prosthetic loosening and revision surgery in RA]. PMID- 3249985 TI - [Problems in the revision of failed total prosthetic replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. 4. Timing of revision surgery of failed artificial joints in RA]. PMID- 3249986 TI - [Problems in the revision of failed total prosthetic replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. 5. Surgical problems in revisional total hip replacement]. PMID- 3249988 TI - [Problems in the revision of failed total prosthetic replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. 7. Approach to the infected artificial joint]. PMID- 3249987 TI - [Problems in the revision of failed total prosthetic replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. 6. Prognosis and technical problems in revision arthroplasty after total knee replacement in rheumatoid patients]. PMID- 3249989 TI - [Problems in the revision of failed total prosthetic replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. 8. Treatment of infected total joints with arthroplasty]. PMID- 3249990 TI - [Evaluation of immunomodulators in animal experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3249991 TI - [Concomitant use of 2 immunomodulators]. PMID- 3249992 TI - [HLA as a marker gene in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3249993 TI - [Tumors of the uterine body. Anatomo-pathological aspects]. PMID- 3249994 TI - [Uterine fibroleiomyomas and mucosal polyps]. PMID- 3249995 TI - [Malignant tumors of the uterine body]. PMID- 3249996 TI - [Descriptive and surgical anatomy of the uterus]. PMID- 3249997 TI - [Case reports: hysterectomy]. PMID- 3249998 TI - Observations on micro-encapsulated erythromycin (Eryc capsule) in the treatment of various infections of adults. PMID- 3249999 TI - Effect of domperidone on postoperative vomiting and dyspepsia aggravated by operation. PMID- 3250000 TI - Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system. Clinical, immunological and serological investigations. PMID- 3250001 TI - Use of Motilium with gastrokinetic and anti-emetic action in outpatients. PMID- 3250002 TI - Otorhinolaryngological evaluation of Phlogosam foam-spray. PMID- 3250003 TI - An experimental study on isochronal ventricular mapping in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Simultaneous epicardial (EP) and endocardial (EN) isochronal mapping during spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia was attempted in a experimental model of acute myocardial infarction. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated in 12 open-chest mongrel dogs. A total of 86 electrode terminals, 43 for EP and 43 for EN, were inserted over the infarction, border and normal areas, and connected to a computerized data acquisition system. Data for each ventricular arrhythmia were stored on disks for 3 hours following ligation and were analyzed to obtain isochronal EP and EN maps. Finally, the heart was sliced and stained by the TTC technique. In a comparison with TTC staining, the earliest activation sites of ventricular arrhythmias estimated from the isochronal maps 3 hours postligation were located in various areas but localized exclusively in the border zones. Moreover, the earliest activation sites tended to change their locations from EN to EP throughout the time course following ligation. In several spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias, findings suggestive of functional blocks and reentry circuits were also delineated in EP and EN maps. PMID- 3250004 TI - Decompression sickness with subsequent lymphatic manifestation following recompression treatment: a case report in a heavy drinker. AB - A case of decompression sickness is described in an uniformed diver who developed lymphatic manifestations after recompression treatment. No definite contributing factors to this rare disorder were established. A brief review of cutaneous lesions in decompression sickness is also presented. PMID- 3250005 TI - Prospective studies on the progress of sicca symptoms in Sjogren's syndrome: subclinical disease develops into the clinical syndrome. AB - We evaluated prospectively twenty-two subjective sicca features in seventeen patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) including six patients with primary SS twice at a six-year interval. In the second evaluation in 1986, the frequency of sicca symptoms was increased for most items, and the mean number of positive symptoms was also increased in the patients compared with the results in 1980. In the first evaluation, three patients lacked any sicca symptoms, and were considered as subclinical SS. Sicca symptoms developed in all three of these patients later. A positive correlation between the number of sicca symptoms and the patients' age was also reconfirmed by the present study. Changes in sicca symptoms between the two evaluations were not correlated with objective findings of exocrine gland involvement determined at the time of diagnosis of SS. The lacrimal or salivary secretion and sialographic findings determined serially were relatively stable during whole observation period, except in some patients. The results indicate that both the symptoms and objective findings of glandular involvement progress very slowly in SS, although patients with subclinical disease eventually develop clinical SS. PMID- 3250006 TI - Differing effect of chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid on bile acids in rat colonic wall and contents. AB - Bile acids may promote experimental colonic cancer. Many studies correlate fecal bile acids and colorectal carcinomas. Little is known on bile acids in the colonic mucosa and their relation to luminal bile acids. We, therefore, studied bile acids in colonic wall and contents of normal female Wistar rats and after 14 days' administration of chenodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid (90 mg/kg daily), two bile acids used in medicamentous cholelitholysis. Both regimens increase total bile acids in colonic contents, ursodeoxycholic acid produces a higher rise in toxic lithocholic acid. In the colonic wall, only ursodeoxycholic acid causes an increase of most nonsulfated bile acids including lithocholic acid. Bile acid patterns do not correlate in colonic wall and contents. We conclude that increased colonic wall bile acids after ursodeoxycholic acid administration warrant control in man. In future colorectal carcinoma studies, not only fecal, but also mucosal bile acid concentrations should be correlated to carcinogenesis. PMID- 3250007 TI - Dependence of lipid-lipoprotein metabolism on exercise intensity in experimental fatty liver rats. AB - To develop experimental fatty liver, Wistar male rats were fed a high fat, high cholesterol (Cho) diet for 6 weeks after which their diet was changed to standard chow. The animals were then divided by random selection into a sedentary group (SG) and four treadmill exercise groups for 6 weeks as follows: walking group (WG, 10 m/min, 60 min); low-speed running group (LRG, 20 m/min, 30 min); middle speed running group (MRG, 30 m/min, 20 min) and high-speed running group (HRG, 40 m/min, 15 min). The serum concentration of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-Cho decreased, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-Cho increased in WG compared with the other three exercise groups. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in WG than in SG. Hepatic Cho was lower in HRG than in the other three exercise groups, and Cho in the aortic wall was higher. The results suggest that light exercise, such as walking might be more beneficial to lipid-lipoprotein metabolism than strong exercise, such as high-speed running. This is consistent with suggestion that light exercise might be effective in clinical treatment for hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis or fatty liver. PMID- 3250008 TI - Increase in the calcium content of cardiac tissue after postfixation with osmium tetroxide. AB - The concentration of osmium has been measured by destructive chemical analysis in glutaraldehyde fixed heart tissue postfixed with osmium tetroxide and embedded in epoxy resin. After such treatment, the mean atomic number of the specimen (Z) is close to 10, which permits a quantitative analysis of calcium (Ca) by the continuum method, using Z2/A as a correcting factor (A: atomic weight). Wavelength-dispersive X-ray microanalysis has been used to determine the Ca concentration of frog cardiac tissue fixed in glutaraldehyde and embedded in resin. These measurements have been repeated on tissue postfixed in osmium tetroxide; contrary to expectations, the apparent Ca concentration is much higher in osmium treated than in nontreated tissue. However, this result is observed with OsO4 solutions prepared in glass, not with solutions prepared in plastic. It is shown by energy dispersive X-ray analysis of droplets that OsO4 solutions prepared in glass contain large amounts of calcium, potassium and silicon. Care must be taken in preparing OsO4 fixatives when the fixed tissues are to be subjected to X-ray microanalysis of such elements as Ca or Si. PMID- 3250009 TI - C-banding as a simple tool to discriminate between micronuclei induced by clastogens and aneugens. AB - If mouse bone marrow preparations are treated with a classical C-banding procedure, it may be possible to distinguish between micronuclei with or without centromeres. This allows discrimination between micronuclei originating from chromosome breakage and those originating from chromosome loss. Thus, using C banding, the micronucleus test can be used not only for the detection of clastogens but also aneugens. In this way, more exhaustive methods such as immunological staining using antikinetochore antibodies may not be necessary. PMID- 3250010 TI - An alternative antiroll plate for cryostat sectioning. PMID- 3250011 TI - A modified watchmaker's forceps for optimal transfer of thin and semithin sections. PMID- 3250012 TI - Isolation and characterization of the structural region of the human CBG gene. PMID- 3250014 TI - Binding properties of progesterone-binding Cyst protein, PBCP. PMID- 3250013 TI - The amino acid sequence of rat CBG deduced from a cDNA, and identification of CBG mRNA in the liver under different physiological states. PMID- 3250015 TI - FiSBoG (fetal steroid binding glycoprotein) as a fetal function test. AB - FiSBoG is a recently described fetal protein. It can be detected in the cord blood. It can be identified in maternal serum in late pregnancy. In this study the values in maternal serum in late pregnancy in 31 normal pregnancies were compared with 23 abnormal pregnancies: 4 twin pregnancies, 4 stillbirth, 4 cases of pre-eclampsia, 4 who had a significant antepartum haemorrhage and 7 who were small-for-dates, to assess its potential as a test of fetal well-being. FiSBoG appeared to have no significant role as a test of fetal well-being. PMID- 3250016 TI - Clues for receptor mediated endocytosis of intraluminal injected A.B.P. in the rat: A.T.E.M. radioautographic study. PMID- 3250017 TI - Biochemical evidences for a receptor-mediated uptake of rat androgen binding protein by epididymis. PMID- 3250018 TI - The simultaneous release of corticosterone and a specific binding protein from the rat adrenal cortex. PMID- 3250019 TI - Testosterone blood content is regulated by testicular aromatization-conjugation in the stallion. PMID- 3250020 TI - Sex hormone binding globulin levels and free progesterone, testosterone and estradiol 17 beta during the annual cycle of the female turtle, Chrysemys picta. AB - Significant changes in % free serum E2, T and P were observed during the annual cycle of the turtle. In contrast no significant changes in SHBG affinity constants (2.29-4.48 x 10(8) M-7) were found and binding capacity for estradiol 17B was between 3.47 and 3.96 x 10(-7) M except in preovulatory animals (2.00 +/- 0.25). PMID- 3250021 TI - Vitamin D-binding protein in pisces. PMID- 3250022 TI - Validity of current analog-based free hormone immunoassays. PMID- 3250023 TI - Interpretation of the discrepancy observed between plasma free and salivary testosterone levels in man. AB - The differences observed between plasma free and saliva testosterone levels do not result from methodological artefacts. We postulate that androgens metabolism in salivary glands modulates saliva testosterone levels both in men and women. In women, the "excess" of saliva testosterone (compared to the calculated free testosterone concentration), could be due to conversion of androstenedione in the salivary glands. The rate of this transformation is exaggerated in hirsute patients resulting in a significantly higher excess of saliva testosterone. In men, on the contrary, a "deficit" in saliva testosterone is observed suggesting testosterone transformation in salivary glands. This deficit is more marked in impotent men and appears to be reversed by testosterone administration. Saliva testosterone levels do not merely reflect plasma free hormone concentrations but also afford potentially useful information on androgens metabolism. PMID- 3250025 TI - Biological significance of salivary androgens. PMID- 3250024 TI - Salivary albumin and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG): concentration and origin. PMID- 3250026 TI - Usefulness of calculated free testosterone for discriminating secretory and idiopathic hirsute women. PMID- 3250027 TI - Human transcortin (CBG): fatty acids induce selective steroid binding changes associated with immunological modifications. PMID- 3250028 TI - Twenty-four-hour pattern of plasma SHBG, total proteins and testosterone in young and elderly men. PMID- 3250029 TI - The effect of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) on the pituitary testicular axis in hyperthyroid men. PMID- 3250030 TI - Human sex hormone binding globulin and sensitive thyrotropin measurements in thyroid physiopathology. PMID- 3250031 TI - Sex steroid binding protein (SBP) and identification of subgroups in a healthy female population: relationships with quantitative parameters. PMID- 3250032 TI - Concentrations of sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) in a population of normal women: relationship to risk factors for breast cancer. PMID- 3250033 TI - SBP and menopausal status in breast cancer patients. PMID- 3250034 TI - ORDET--prospective study on hormones, diet and breast cancer: feasibility studies and long-term quality control. PMID- 3250036 TI - Estro-progestogen combinations: effect on sex steroid binding protein (SBP) synthesis. PMID- 3250035 TI - Measurement of SBP and CBG using a same standardized immunoassay: application to the clinical evaluation of oral contraceptives. PMID- 3250037 TI - The estradiol and estrone protein interactions during transdermal estradiol administration in postmenopausal women. PMID- 3250039 TI - Effect of alcohol on the interaction of cortisol with plasma proteins, glucocorticoid receptors, and erythrocytes. PMID- 3250038 TI - Role of SBP evaluation to better understand the tamoxifen-induced changes of endocrine milieu. PMID- 3250040 TI - Validation of a new system for androgen binding protein measurement. AB - A new technique that permits measurement of Androgen-Binding Protein (ABP) is validated by reproducibility, linearity and correlation studies. Using this apparatus allowing Scatchard plot analysis, it is also possible to measure association and dissociation rate constants. In addition, it is a very useful tool for a rapid screening of ABP binding capacity during a chromatographic stepwise purification. PMID- 3250041 TI - Preparation of electrophoretic variants of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) using liquid liquid partition chromatography. AB - Human corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) was purified to homogeneity by application of three different chromatographic methods. After fractionation of pregnancy serum with ammonium sulfate the 80%-pellet was used for affinity chromatography based on tresyl activated Sepharose (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden). The affinity eluate was injected into a Mono Q anion exchange column (Pharmacia). Fractions containing CBG were finally purified by liquid liquid chromatography on LiParGel 750 (Merck, Darmstadt, F.R.G.). The purified protein was characterized by IEF and PAGE. This paper describes a method for the chromatographic separation of the two variants of CBG without a loss of binding activity towards steroids for each of the two characteristic bands of this protein. PMID- 3250043 TI - Computer simulation of in vivo steroid binding by plasma proteins in the presence of interfering drugs. PMID- 3250044 TI - Effect of tracer binding to serum proteins on the reliability of a direct free testosterone assay. PMID- 3250042 TI - Investigation of steroid-CBG (transcortin)-interactions with fluorescent 4,6,8(14)-triene-3-one steroids. PMID- 3250045 TI - Evaluation of fractional distribution of estradiol and estrone by centrifugal ultrafiltration-dialysis. PMID- 3250047 TI - The state of the art in quality control programs in Italy with respect to the evaluation of steroid receptors. PMID- 3250046 TI - An ELISA for 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone. PMID- 3250048 TI - Tin in the thymus gland of dogs. AB - The thymus glands from four mixed breed dogs were analyzed to determine the water content, chloroform extractable fraction and residue. The thymi samples were assayed for tin and compared to the tin in the spleen and muscle tissue. The tin content in the thymus gland (29.4 ppm) was higher than the muscle (14.9 ppm) or spleen (12.8 ppm). The tin content in the lipid portion of the thymus was approximately four times greater than the non-chloroform extractable fraction (primarily protein). PMID- 3250049 TI - True thymic hyperplasia: an unrecognised cause of cardiac murmur? AB - Anterior mediastinal neoplasms are known to be causes of pressure symptoms on the heart and great vessels. This report describes a case of true thymic hyperplasia, a rare non-neoplastic condition, and speculates that pressure from this hyperplastic thymus may have produced a cardiac murmur. PMID- 3250050 TI - Subtypes of muscarinic receptors III. Proceedings of the third international symposium. 29-31 August 1987, Sydney, Australia. PMID- 3250051 TI - The "forgotten" amino acid pyroglutamate. PMID- 3250052 TI - Subtypes of adenosine receptors. PMID- 3250053 TI - [Prevention of acute erosions and ulcers of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum after surgery]. AB - The authors have established that after different operations acute erosions and ulcers of digestive organs which are often complicated by bleedings and perforations arise in 67% of the patients. The method of complex prophylactics developed by the authors includes general measures (a rational preparation to the operation, adequate anesthesia, sparing method of operating, active management in the postoperative period) and special ones (the administration of cerucal, anabolic steroids, methyluracil and almagel). This method makes the amount of erosive-ulcerous affections 12-15 times less and practically prevents complications. PMID- 3250054 TI - [Endoscopy in the evaluation of rare forms of gastric ulcers]. AB - The endoscopic examination made in 49309 patients with long standing "gastritis" history has revealed 1476 patients (2.99%) with ulcers of gastric localization. The diagnosis of ulcer disease of the stomach had been previously established only in 17.5% of them. The analysis performed has revealed atypical rare forms of gastric ulcers: by their localization (proximal, ring of the pylorus or the prepyloric portion), by the size (giant), by the amount (multiple), by typological features (associated or secondary forms). Detailed characteristic of the ulcers mentioned is given. PMID- 3250055 TI - [Results of the treatment of external gastric and duodenal fistula]. AB - Under consideration were results of treatment and causes of the appearance of gastric and duodenal fistulas in 37 patients. Two patients died (one of them had external gastric fistula, the other had a duodenal fistula). Complex conservative therapy gave positive effects in most cases. Operative treatment was used in patients having external fistulas with purulent abscesses and leakage compartments in the abdominal cavity. Lethality was 5.4%. PMID- 3250056 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital cysts of the common bile duct]. AB - The article makes an analysis of the surgical tactics used in 9 patients with congenital cysts of the choledochus. In 3 patients the cysts were removed, in 1 patient internal drainage of the cyst was performed, in 4 patients the cysts were excised and hepato-jejunal or hepatocholedochoduodenal anastomoses were formed. There were no lethal outcomes after the operation. Long-term results were followed-up during the period of from several months to 18 years. In none of the cases there were symptoms of cholangitis or disturbance of the bile outflow. PMID- 3250057 TI - [Biliary ascites and biliary peritonitis]. AB - Questions concerned with the penetration of bile into the abdominal cavity are discussed. The observation of 9 patients was used. The effusion of infected bile into abdominal cavity results in the development of bile peritonitis requiring urgent surgical measures. If the bile is not infected, bile ascites is developing, its clinical picture being obliterated and the patients often remaining in satisfactory condition for a long time. PMID- 3250058 TI - [Use of dibunol and delagil in the treatment of acute pancreatitis]. AB - The effect of Dibunol and Delagil on the course of experimental pancreatitis was studied in experiments in 80 rats and 36 dogs. The intravenous injection of the drugs was shown to decrease lethality of the animals. Control of biochemical parameters has revealed decreased activity of amylase, lipase, trypsin and malonic dialdehyde, normalized level of superlight luminescence of blood plasma. A good medical effect was obtained in 15 patients with acute pancreatitis. PMID- 3250059 TI - [Endobronchial laser coagulation in persistent hemoptysis due to granulation of the bronchial stump]. PMID- 3250060 TI - [Exogastric leiomyosarcoma of the stomach]. PMID- 3250061 TI - [Duodenal polyps]. PMID- 3250062 TI - [Pancreatic calculi of a non-alcoholic nature]. PMID- 3250063 TI - [Perforative appendicitis complicated by diffuse peritonitis in an intramesenteric location of the appendix]. PMID- 3250064 TI - [Localization of the pregnant uterus in a hernial sac]. PMID- 3250065 TI - [Chronic acalculous cholecystitis in children]. AB - Based upon literature data and an analysis of immediate and remote results of treatment of 50 children with acalculous cholecystitis the authors point to the advisability of operative interventions in patients with organic disturbances of the bile outflow. An analysis of the clinical picture, effects of the conservative therapy and results of subsidiary investigations enabled the authors to establish indications to surgery. The surgical methods must be determined by the character of pathology of the gallbladder, bile ducts and concomitant diseases. The immediate and long-term results of the surgical treatment of chronic cholecystitis resulting from organic disturbances of bile excretion confirm expediency of active surgical tactics in the presence of indications and of strict dispensary observation after operations for this disease. PMID- 3250066 TI - [Acute perforating cholecystitis in a newborn infant]. PMID- 3250068 TI - [Possibilities of predicting postoperative complications in patients with cholelithiasis]. PMID- 3250067 TI - [Artificial arteriovenous anastomoses in reconstructive surgery of arteries with a poor distal vascular bed]. AB - Based on their experience with the operative treatment of 20 patients with acute thrombosis of major arteries of extremities the authors recommend if indicated to combine reconstructive operation on the arteries with the artificial arterio venous anastomosis. The authors have developed a classification of such associated operations which facilitates choice of their variants dependent on the state of the distal vascular bed. PMID- 3250069 TI - [Pathogenetic substantiation of photomodification of autologous blood in the prevention and treatment of complications of closed chest trauma]. AB - Three groups of patients with traumas of the chest were investigated: 1. 1533 patients treated by traditional methods: 2. 258 patients treated by transfusions of photo-modified blood; 3. 50 patients treated by autohemotransfusion. The authors have shown expediency of transfusions of photomodified autoblood. It decreased the amount of complications, lethality and improved biochemical parameters of blood. PMID- 3250070 TI - [Comparative characteristics of reactions of central hemodynamics to the exfusion of blood and plasma in surgical diseases]. AB - Complex clinico-laboratory and functional examinations of 102 patients have been made who had heart diseases, lung carcinoma, benign tumours of the lungs and mediastinal organs. Autoblood of 34 patients was prepared in the preoperative period (450-600 ml). A single taking the plasma by the method of double plamapheresis (500 ml) was performed in 48 patients. Autoplasma was prepared in 20 patients by the apparatus PF-0.5 (1200 ml). It is concluded that patients without pronounced insufficiency of blood circulation and anemization can easily endure exfusions of considerable volumes of blood and plasma. PMID- 3250072 TI - [Conductive-capsular anesthesia in surgery of long tubular bones of the distal segments of the extremities]. AB - The conductive-capsular anesthesia was used in 31 patients in operations on distal segments of extremities. The anesthesia was achieved by injection of 0.5% solution of novocain which is introduced into muscular capsules of the proximal segment of the extremity between two parallel tourniquets. Effective regional anesthesia took place in all the cases lower than the tourniquet. No complications were noted in the postoperative period. PMID- 3250071 TI - [Effect of preoperative administration of isoptin on the blood flow and function of the kidneys in patients with nephrolithiasis]. AB - Based on their experience with the operative treatment of 39 patients with nephrolithiasis the authors recommend injecting isoptine before operation which blocks the transport of calcium ions into the cells. It improves hemodynamics and functions of the kidneys in the postoperative period. PMID- 3250073 TI - [Use of long-term epidural anesthesia in cancer of the colon and rectum]. AB - Based upon their experience with the operative treatment of 252 patients the authors recommend to use prolonged epidural anesthesia in operations for carcinoma of the colon and rectum. It gives adequate narcosis during operation and favourable course of the postoperative period. PMID- 3250074 TI - [Epidural-sacral anesthesia in radical surgical treatment of acute paraproctitis]. AB - The epidural-sacral anesthesia was used in 242 patients operated upon for different forms of acute paraproctitis. No complications resulting from the anesthesia were noted. The incidence of failures in performing epidural-sacral anesthesia was 3.6%. The epidural-sacral anesthesia has advantages over other kinds of anesthesia, is safe and not technically difficult and practically has no contraindications. PMID- 3250075 TI - [A method of endovascular occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus using an intravenous approach]. PMID- 3250076 TI - [A device for conducting artificial ventilation of the lungs using an injection method during bronchoscopy]. PMID- 3250077 TI - [A method of endoscopic papillotomy]. PMID- 3250078 TI - [Stimulating cystotonometry--a new method of diagnosis of neurogenic diseases of the bladder in children]. PMID- 3250079 TI - [Endoscopic laser treatment of esophagogastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 3250080 TI - [Results of the follow-up of patients with cholelithiasis after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 3250081 TI - Cats see subjective contours. AB - Behavioural techniques were used to determine whether cats are able to see subjective contours. Through several stages of testing with increasingly complex displays, cats continued to respond to a figure defined by subjective contours. This result provides the first direct evidence that a nonhuman perceives subjective contours. PMID- 3250082 TI - Orientation discrimination as a function of stimulus eccentricity and size: nasal/temporal retinal asymmetry. AB - Orientation discrimination threshold is a monotonically increasing function of retinal eccentricity. Increasing stimulus length extends the range of eccentricities over which fine orientation discriminations can be made. Orientation discrimination thresholds at all eccentricities are determined by the size of the cortical image of the stimulus. Thresholds obtained using either nasal or temporal hemiretina are similar up to the blind spot, beyond which the temporal retina yields increasingly higher thresholds. The results are consistent with a recent theoretical study which predicts that orientation discrimination threshold is determined by the number of cortical cells activated by the discrimination target. PMID- 3250083 TI - Muscarinic stimulation of inositol phosphate formation in rat retina: developmental changes. AB - The stimulation of inositol phosphates by various cholinergic agonists and the effect of antagonists was studied in rat retinal slices of different ages. The potency order of muscarinic agonists and antagonists for receptors linked to inositol phosphate production was the same for retinas of all ages. The maximum stimulation of inositol phosphate production varied between retinas of different ages, being greatest in the younger animals and lowest in the adult. However, no difference was found in the EC50 values. This contrasts with the neurotransmitters, noradrenaline and serotonin, both known to stimulate phosphoinositide metabolism; neither was found to have the same developmental profile of carbachol-induced stimulation of inositol phosphates. In contrast to the muscarinic receptors linked to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, the density of muscarinic binding sites measured by [3H]QNB binding increased in retinas during development. The affinity constants (KD) remained constant, however. The results are interpreted as suggesting that muscarinic receptors linked to inositol phosphate production are more efficiently coupled (to a guanine regulator protein) in retinas of young animals than in the adult. PMID- 3250084 TI - Changing size (looming) as a stimulus to accommodation and vergence. AB - Changing size (looming) produces changes in accommodation and vergence. Dynamic responses of vergence and accommodation to sinusoidal looming of a Maltese cross were recorded with an SRI dual-Purkinje-image eyetracker and optometer. The ratio of these two motor responses was compared with the response accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio and convergence accommodation/convergence (CA/A) ratio determined from sinusoidal variations of blur and disparity respectively. The response to changing size was found to be more similar to the AC/A ratio than the CA/C ratio. In addition, when a changing disparity or changing blur stimulus was combined with a changing size stimulus, the response phase lags of accommodation and vergence were decreased. In addition, the CA/C ratio was increased when changing size was added to changing disparity, but the AC/A ratio was unaltered when changing size was added to changing blur. These results indicate that changing size is stimulating accommodation directly and vergence secondarily through an AC/A crosslink. PMID- 3250085 TI - Rod-cone dependence of saccadic eye-movement latency in a foveating task. AB - This study examines the relations between some well known oculomotor functions (saccades) and well known retinal physiology (dark adaptation): it deals with the overall latency versus target luminance functions, with the underlying rod and cone latency-luminance functions, and with the synergistic interaction between these latency functions for mesopic targets. Saccadic latency was measured to small lit targets presented at 10 deg retinal eccentricity in complete darkness. Target luminance and wavelength were varied. Additional measurements were made during dark adaptation or on backgrounds, or at different retinal eccentricities. Luminance matched stimuli and Palmer's (1968) equivalent luminance transformation were also used. Latency is determined by an achromatic luminance mechanism that receives substantial rod inputs above the cone threshold. Latencies for pure rod or pure cone inputs increase rapidly as target luminance decreases. For the rods this latency increase appears to represent the waiting time for the 140 or so photons (lambda = 507 nm) that are required for a saccade. Errors in direction occur at scotopic luminances, or at low photopic luminances when only cones are functioning. PMID- 3250086 TI - Dependence of saccadic eye-movements on stimulus luminance, and an effect of task. AB - Various aspects of saccadic eye-movements are related to stimulus luminance for a small lit stimulus that steps 10 degrees horizontally in complete darkness. The relations depend on whether the stimulus is the target for a foveating saccade, or is the cue for an "anti" saccade which peripheralizes the retinal image of the cue: (1) at scotopic luminances the differences between foveating and anti saccades are diminished, largely because foveation is the more severely affected. Latencies are long amplitudes are scattered, and direction errors are not infrequent in both tasks; (2) the latency-luminance relation for foveating saccades shows an abrupt discontinuity at the perceptual rod-cone transition. Above the cone threshold corrective secondary saccades appear in greater numbers; (3) the corresponding latency transition for anti saccades is anomalous and protracted. Latency remains constant for mesopic cue luminances up to 1.0 log unit brighter than the perceptual rod-cone threshold. Direction errors are especially common in this mesopic luminance range. Mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3250087 TI - The cyclopean eye and its implications: vergence state and visual direction. AB - The cyclopean illusion (Hering, 1861) is an anomalous lateral shift in the apparent direction to a monocularly seen target, which arises when a change in vergence is made by the opposite (nonobserving) eye. Surprisingly, this directional illusion does not arise, when the observed target is an afterimage or an intermittently illuminated (4-8 Hz) object. Instead, during convergence, a monocularly imprinted afterimage seems to move toward the observer, and a stroboscopically illuminated target seems to remain fully stationary. The apparent displacement of an afterimage in depth is particularly puzzling. Since binocular interactions in the persistence of monocularly induced afterimages can be demonstrated, it is conceivable that long-persistent afterimages arise, in part, from binocularly driven neurons in the visual cortex, and that a monocularly induced afterimage can thereby become the perceptual equivalent of a binocularly fused target. PMID- 3250088 TI - Adaptational effects of short wave cone signals on red-green chromatic detection. AB - The red-green chromatic detection mechanism that responds to the difference of L and M cone test signals was isolated in forced-choice experiments. Detection contours in an L, M cone space were measured with 2 Hz Gabor test signals comprising different amplitude ratios of antiphase flickering red and green lights, which formed the 1.2 degree center of a 7.2 degree uniform adapting field. To compare the effect of short wave cone adapting levels on the red-green detection sensitivity, thresholds were measured on pairs of adapting fields that were shown to be tritanopic metamers for our individual observers: violet and green adapting lights that produce equal quantal catches in M cones and in L cones but very differently stimulate S cones. The degree to which the adapting field stimulated S cones had little effect on the red-green detection sensitivity, although the red appearance of the adapting field varied considerably owing to the S cone stimulation. Thus, while the S cones may affect the red-green hue dimension, S cone signals appear to have little adaptational effect on red-green detection mediated by the difference of L and M cone test signals. PMID- 3250089 TI - Transition dynamics between pursuit and fixation suggest different systems. AB - The offset of smooth pursuit eye movements is very different from the onset. The onset eye velocity is characterized by overshoot and ringing before settling to steady-state velocity. Yet, at pursuit offset, the eye velocity returns smoothly to zero. One reason for this difference may be that the pursuit system is nonlinear and behaves differently during acceleration and deceleration. After testing four subjects, we found no difference between acceleration and deceleration ringing dynamics, except for decelerations to 0 +/- 2 deg/sec, suggesting that around zero velocity, the central nervous system switches off pursuit and adopts fixation. This supports the idea that fixation and pursuit represent different neurological systems. PMID- 3250090 TI - Factors limiting the postnatal development of visual acuity in the monkey. AB - A major factor underlying the prolonged postnatal improvement of visual acuity in primates is an increase in the sampling limit imposed by the photoreceptor mosaic, which may be as much as 5-fold. Further factors operating peripheral to neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus, which might include changes in neural connectivity, appear to contribute at most 1.5 octaves, between 3 weeks and 6 months of age. Neural factors at the geniculo-cortical synapse may add another half-octave between 10 weeks and 1 yr. Factors operating after the level of the striate cortex (changes in spatial degradation, attention, motivation, etc.) contribute up to another octave or more to the increase in behavioural acuity between birth and about 11 weeks of age. The foveal image is substantially undersampled in young animals and therefore aliasing could occur over a wide range of spatial frequencies. PMID- 3250091 TI - [Clindamycin-resistant mutants of a Methanobrevibacter species]. PMID- 3250092 TI - [The investigation on actinomycete population and resources in some area in Yunnan. IV. Actinomycetes in dry-hot valley area]. PMID- 3250093 TI - [The investigation on actinomycete population and resources in some area in Yunnan. V. The actinomycetes in the frigid mountains]. PMID- 3250094 TI - [Mycolic acids and phospholipids analysis of nocardioform actinomycetes and related taxa]. PMID- 3250095 TI - [Study on psychrophilic/psychrotrophic microorganisms. II. Microbes in cold storage food]. PMID- 3250096 TI - [Purification and properties of beta-ketoadipyl-coenzyme A thiolase from Pseudomonas putida]. PMID- 3250098 TI - [Studies on endotoxin of Leptospira. II. The effects of leptospiral lipopolysaccharides on rabbit's leukocytes and lethality to C57BL/6 mice]. PMID- 3250097 TI - [The in vitro effects of dextranase on dental plaque produced by Streptococcus mutans]. PMID- 3250099 TI - [Spirochetes isolated from the blood of three cases of Lyme disease with neurologic abnormalities]. PMID- 3250101 TI - Use of APACHE II classification to evaluate outcome of patients receiving hemodialysis in an intensive care unit. AB - We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who were admitted to the medical and surgical intensive care units of a university center (N = 100) and its affiliated veterans' hospital (N = 46) between 1982 and 1986 to receive dialysis. The APACHE II severity-of-disease classification was used to identify the cases in which the prognosis was so poor that no long-term benefit would accrue from hemodialysis treatment. A "risk of death" was calculated for each patient. At a risk of death of 70% or greater, the system correctly predicted the demise of patients with 100% specificity regardless of what interventions were carried out. Sensitivity and predicted negative value were low in all cases, however, indicating a poor predictability of those who will survive. Withholding the average of 6 dialysis treatments that this group of patients received would probably have reduced patient suffering during a lingering terminal illness and led to a savings of about $4,500 per patient. PMID- 3250100 TI - Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a defined northern California population. AB - The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease is described among the more than 1.5 million members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPMCP) in northern California. We reviewed a 20% random sample of the medical records of 2,067 persons first admitted to hospital in the period 1971 through 1982 with codes indicating inflammatory bowel disease. We also examined all new outpatient cases for a 1-year period from records at the Oakland KPMCP facility. Criteria used to establish valid cases adhered to standards used in previous studies but were revised to reflect current diagnostic methods. The disadvantages of using hospital discharge data have been identified and quantified. In this population, only 21% of ambulatory patients with inflammatory bowel disease were admitted to hospital in a 3 1/2-year period. There was no difference in the incidence of the disorder by sex or between whites and blacks, but it was rare in Asians. A bimodal age distribution was suggested for Crohn's disease but not for ulcerative colitis. During the 12 years of this study, rates of hospital admissions for ulcerative colitis decreased and for Crohn's disease were slightly increased. PMID- 3250102 TI - Long-term effects of exposure to diethylstilbestrol. AB - In 1985 nearly 1,700 persons who had exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)--520 mothers, 1,079 daughters, and 94 sons--responded to a mailed questionnaire about their general health status. Results were compared with responses to the 1985 National Health Interview Survey and other population-based studies. As with research findings in animals, conditions that suggest possibly impaired immune function--that is, respiratory tract infections, asthma, arthritis, and lupus- were reported more frequently among the persons with DES exposure. Conditions that may involve altered endocrine function were also more frequent among such persons. Given the biased sample, findings from this preliminary survey are seen as guidelines to areas meriting more rigorous research. PMID- 3250103 TI - A different view of costs. PMID- 3250104 TI - Leadership in the West. PMID- 3250105 TI - Rattlesnake meat ingestion--a common Hispanic folk remedy. PMID- 3250106 TI - Prevention is the answer. PMID- 3250107 TI - Disclosure of sexual preference to physicians by black lesbian and bisexual women. AB - Physicians' ability to diagnose and treat health care problems, particularly those with a psychosocial component, is facilitated by accurate information concerning the life-styles of their patients. White lesbians have been shown to be generally reluctant to disclose sexual orientation to their physicians, but little, if anything, is known about black lesbians. Black women, self-identified as bisexuals (N = 65) and lesbians (N = 529), were asked whether they had disclosed their homosexual behavior to their physicians. In the sample, only a third of the women had. Previous sexual experiences, both heterosexual and homosexual, were also queried to illuminate patterns of gynecologic health risk factors. Nearly all of the women reported previous heterosexual experiences. PMID- 3250108 TI - Anti-HIV seroprevalence in California blood and plasma donors. PMID- 3250109 TI - Women and medicine. From tension to truce. PMID- 3250110 TI - Women and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. An interview. AB - SPECIAL EDITOR'S NOTE: Constance B. Wofsy, MD, is Co-Director of AIDS Activities at San Francisco General Hospital and Medical Center, as well as Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco; Assistant Chief, Infectious Diseases, San Francisco General Hospital; and Principal Investigator, Project AWARE (Association for Women's AIDS Research and Education). Although she was not able to contribute an article for WOMEN AND MEDICINE on this very important subject, she kindly agreed to an interview. Both physicians and nonphysicians were asked what questions they had about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in women. PMID- 3250111 TI - Breast cancer--a woman's perspective. AB - This paper is bound to arouse controversy. It already has. No article in this special issue has been more thoroughly reviewed or had more widely divergent opinions. Some reviewers thought it expressed unrelieved anger; others felt it described the experience, perceptions, and feelings of many women with breast cancer. The paper seemed important to publish, however, because breast cancer is the second most common tumor occurring in American women. It is important to note that the author is a successful teacher and health professional who has a full and active family and social life. She describes encounters with breast cancer in an uncommonly fervent and articulate way. These encounters have clearly left deep scars. The essay is not scientific and not balanced in this issue by a paper by a women who had a wonderful experience with breast cancer. Such a paper may never be written. Read on! PMID- 3250112 TI - Recurrent urinary tract infections. PMID- 3250113 TI - Premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 3250114 TI - Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. PMID- 3250115 TI - Topical retinoic acid, aging, and the skin. PMID- 3250116 TI - Persistent vaginitis. PMID- 3250117 TI - An effective clinical approach to vaginismus--putting the patient in charge. PMID- 3250118 TI - Contraception--problems and prospects. PMID- 3250119 TI - Hysterectomy and ovarian removal--a major health issue in the perimenopausal years. PMID- 3250120 TI - Health promotion--advice for women. PMID- 3250121 TI - Women physicians and organized medicine. PMID- 3250122 TI - Women in academic medicine. Equalizing the opportunities. PMID- 3250123 TI - [Effect of outpatient rehabilitation on echocardiographic image of left ventricular function in patients after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3250124 TI - [Changes in various personality features in patients with myocardial infarction after 1-month sanatorium rehabilitation]. PMID- 3250125 TI - [Utilization of the results of laboratory tests in ambulatory practice]. PMID- 3250126 TI - [Cardiac infiltrations in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3250127 TI - [Variability of clinical picture in a patient with sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 3250128 TI - [Visceral larva migrans syndrome in a 2-year-old child]. PMID- 3250129 TI - [Fatal vinegar poisoning in a 2-year-old girl]. PMID- 3250130 TI - [Secondary erythromelalgia in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3250131 TI - Progress in the treatment of anastomotic aneurysms. PMID- 3250132 TI - The challenge of the middle mediastinal parathyroid. PMID- 3250133 TI - Modified neck dissection for patients with nonadvanced, differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 3250134 TI - Function of the intrathoracic stomach as esophageal replacement. PMID- 3250135 TI - Splenocaval shunt for selective portal decompression. PMID- 3250136 TI - Carotid body tumors at high altitudes: Quito, Ecuador, 1987. PMID- 3250138 TI - [Non-invasive Doppler sonographic measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure]. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) noninvasively by pulsed Doppler ultrasound. In 30 consecutive patients of mean age 57.4 +/- 10.2 years (range 32 to 72 years) undergoing left-heart catheterization for exclusively diagnostic reasons LVEDP (range 5 to 33 mm Hg, mean 14.8 +/- 0.61 mm Hg) was measured invasively. Immediately before cardiac catheterization the flow profile along the mitral valve was derived by pulsed Doppler ultrasound. The typical flow profiles characterizing the early diastolic passive (e-wave) and late diastolic active by atrial contraction caused inflow (l wave) into the left ventricle and represented the indexes of left ventricular diastolic function. The ratio of the velocity-time-integrals in early (e) and late diastole (l) corresponds to the ratio of blood flow along the mitral valve in early and late diastole. It could be shown that there is a highly significant linear correlation (r = 0.98, p less than 0.001) between the ratio of the velocity-time-integrals of late to early diastole (l/e-ratio) and LVEDP. LVEDP can be calculated by means of the l/e-ratio according to the formula: LVEDP (in mm Hg) = 15.15 X l/e-ratio + 1.06 With increasing LVEDP the proportional share of the active mitral blood flow in the diastole increased; the share of the early diastolic passive blood flow decreased proportionally. In patients with a l/e ratio greater than 1.2 LVEDP, was always greater than 18.5 mm Hg; in patients with l/e-ratio greater than 0.9, LVEDP did not exceed 15 mm Hg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3250137 TI - Increased incidence of pancreatic neoplasia in pernicious anemia. PMID- 3250139 TI - [The effect of concomitant aortic valve insufficiency on the values of Doppler sonographic gradient determination in patients with aortic stenosis]. AB - We examined the influence of concomitant significant aortic incompetence (AI) on Doppler-gradient measurements in valvular aortic stenosis (AS) by comparing catheter and Doppler gradients of 51 patients with isolated AS and of 24 patients with additional AI. In patients with additional AI there was a significantly greater overestimation of the peak-to-peak gradient by the maximal instantaneous Doppler gradient (AS + AI: overestimation 31.0 +/- 17.6 mm Hg, AS: overestimation 10.5 +/- 20.2 mm Hg; p less than 0.01) and also by the maximal instantaneous catheter gradient (AS + AI: overestimation 32.8 +/- 11.8 mm Hg, AS: overestimation 20.4 +/- 14.0 mm Hg; p less than 0.01). Comparison of the respective catheter-derived and Doppler-sonographically measured instantaneous and mean gradients showed no differences between the two patient subgroups. Higher instantaneous gradients in patients with additional AI are mainly explained by the lower end-diastolic aortic pressure. However, Doppler sonographic overestimation of the severity of stenosis in patients with combined AS + AI, due to the sole measurement of the instantaneous gradient in clinical practice, should be of limited importance because in these patients significant AI already sufficiently indicates aortic valve replacement. PMID- 3250140 TI - [Differential diagnosis: physiologic-pathologic hypertrophy of the heart. A case report]. AB - We report on a 52-year-old asymptomatic patient, whom we have examined regularly since 1981. The principal finding is a marked terminal negativity of the T-wave in the extremities and left precordial chest leads in the electrocardiogram with regression at high exercise levels. The patient engages intensively in sports (running, cross-country skiing, gymnastics). His performance capacity is above normal at 4.5 (1981) and 3.8 watts/kg body weight (1988). The echographically determined left ventricular muscle mass (LVM) increased from 2.1-2.3 g/kg body weight to 2.9 g/kg, the end-diastolic thickness of the septum from 9 to 13, and the posterior wall from 8 to 12 mm. In physiological cardiac hypertrophy (athlete's heart), a LVM of 2.9 g/kg is not unusual, whereby the end-diastolic wall thickness does not, exceed 10 to 11 mm and the mass-volume ratio (LVM/end diastolic ventricular volume) remains constant (about 1.2 g/ml) in contrast to the 1.75 g/ml in our patient. Thermodilution catheter examination of the heart showed a pathological increase in mean pulmonary capillary pressure (26 mm Hg) under exercise as an indication of impaired left-ventricular function. Normal myocardial scintigraphy (resting and exercise) and a lack of symptoms permit the exclusion of relevant coronary heart disease. We diagnosed non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The problems of differentiating between physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophies are discussed. PMID- 3250141 TI - [Diastolic left ventricular volume flow in patients with arterial hypertension before and following acute antihypertensive medication]. AB - Parameters of diastolic left ventricular (LV) function were studied noninvasively in 15 hypertensive patients without coronary heart disease (HY) vs 15 age- and sex-matched normotensive controls (CO). The maximal mitral valve area (2-D-Mode), the diastolic change in mitral valve area (M-mode), and diastolic velocity profiles in the LV inflow tract (pw-Doppler) were obtained in each patient using echocardiography. In HY the early diastolic volume flow (371 +/- 125 vs 492 +/- 134 ml/s, p less than 0.01) and the early diastolic filling volume (38 +/- 12 vs 48 +/- 15 ml, p less than 0.0125) were significantly diminished compared to CO. However, the early diastolic maximal flow velocity was not altered due to a smaller maximal early diastolic mitral valve area. At the time of active filling, volume flow and filling volume in HY were not significantly increased, whereas- due to a smaller mitral valve area (5.8 +/- 1.4 vs 6.9 +/- 1.7 cm2, p less than 0.01)--maximal flow velocity was higher than in controls (65 +/- 20 vs 55 +/- 9 cm/s, p less than 0.05). One hour following oral medication of 20 mg nifedipine, diastolic wall stress dropped significantly in HY. The diastolic flow velocity, the volume flow, and the filling volume during rapid and active filling were unchanged. Conclusively, we found a drop in early diastolic volume flow and filling volume due to an alteration of relaxation in patients with hypertension. Acute pharmacological interventions leading to lowering of the arterial blood pressure and systolic wall stress do not reverse these alterations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3250142 TI - [Atypical clinical course of thoracic aortic dissection with subacute pericardial hemorrhage]. AB - A case of dissecting aortic aneurysm is reported which occurred without significant pain but was complicated by a subacute pericardial bleeding leading to a large pericardial effusion. The patient was hospitalized because of clinical signs of cardiac tamponade which could be alleviated by pericardiocentesis. Neither 2D-echocardiography nor a portable x-ray of the chest disclosed evidence of aortic dissection. After a symptom-free interval of several hours the patient died because of recurring intractable pericardial tamponade. The differential diagnosis of a large hemorrhagic pericardial effusion should include rupture of a dissecting aortic aneurysm even when typical symptoms are lacking. PMID- 3250143 TI - [Post-traumatic aneurysm of the right ventricular outflow tract with concomitant tricuspid valve insufficiency]. AB - Right ventricular aneurysms of different etiology are rare findings. Aneurysms of traumatic origin after penetrating accidents are reported. After nonpenetrating traumas formation of a right ventricular aneurysm, however, has not yet been reported. This case report deals with a 25-year-old patient who developed an aneurysm of the right ventricular outflow tract and tricuspid regurgitation after a nonpenetrating chest trauma. Clinical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic findings with a follow up for 18 months demonstrate excellent adaptation to the traumatic changes. Therapeutic consequences are discussed with respect to the literature and prognosis. PMID- 3250144 TI - [Structure of the arteries at the base of the brain in young and adult pygmy goats. 1. Microscopic structure and physiological aspects]. PMID- 3250145 TI - [A simple device for accomplishing the continual dehydration of biological objects]. PMID- 3250146 TI - Cytotopographical specialization of enzymatically isolated rabbit retinal Muller (glial) cells: structure, ultrastructure, and 3H-ouabain binding sites. PMID- 3250147 TI - The lymphatic vascular system of some hibernating mammalians kidney. PMID- 3250148 TI - Fine structure of the oviductal epithelium in pregnant local Ugandan goat. PMID- 3250149 TI - Distribution of lectin receptors in rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 3250150 TI - [Electron microscopy studies of the nasal mucosa of rats after orchiectomy]. PMID- 3250151 TI - [Proposal of action in a medically hopeless situation in the newborn infant]. PMID- 3250152 TI - [Changes in behavior and central monoaminergic systems in the rat after repeated methamphetamine pretreatment: presynaptic regulatory mechanism]. AB - We used various methods, including intracerebral dialysis, to investigate behavioral sensitization to methamphetamine (MAP) and neurochemical alterations of monoaminergic systems in rat striatum after repeated intermittent pretreatment with increased doses of MAP (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mg/kg sc x 2, every other day for a week) as an experimental model of MAP psychosis. MAP-pretreated rats showed an enhancement in MAP-stimulated striatal dopamine (DA) efflux from the neuron terminals into the synaptic cleft. The MAP-induced behavioral changes correlated significantly with the amount of DA efflux. The number of D2 receptors was not changed after the repeated MAP pretreatment. Therefore, as the possible explanations for the enhanced DA release. mechanism, it was suggested that the repeated exposure to abnormally high concentrations of DA produced by repeated MAP administration changed the presynaptic regulation mechanism as follows. (1) DA autoreceptor became subsensitive because low doses of (+/- ) apomorphine (25 50 micrograms/kg sc), a selective DA agonist, decreased striatal DA efflux below the predrug basal level in controls, but not in MAP-pretreated rats. It is recognized that low doses of apomorphine inhibit DA release via DA autoreceptor. (2) "Releasable DA pool" at the neuron terminals increased as shown by the enhanced DOPA accumulation 30 min after NSD1015 (100 mg/kg ip), an aromatic 1 amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor. (3) DA uptake decreased for the significantly more decreased DOPAC and HVA efflux after MAP challenge in MAP-pretreated rats. Serotonergic alteration was also indicated in MAP-pretreated rats, because of the significant decrease of 5-HIAA efflux after MAP challenge. PMID- 3250153 TI - [Pharmacological interactions between dependence-liable drugs]. AB - Pharmacological interactions between morphine (Mor; analgesia), pentobarbital (Pent; hypnosis), ethanol (EtOH; rotarod adaptability), amphetamine (AMP; ambulation), and cocaine (Coca; ambulation) were examined in mice after a single or repeated administrations. Pretreatment with each drug, even a single dose, resulted in a modification of the effect of succeeding drugs. After 6-day daily treatment with drugs, tolerance developed to Mor, Pent, and EtOH, while reverse tolerance was developed to AMP and Coca. Development of tolerance to Pent was accelerated in the animals that were chronically treated with other drugs. Cross reverse-tolerance was obtained between AMP and Coca, on the other hand, one-way cross tolerance was observed between Mor and EtOH. A marked change was observed in the effect of each drug when administered at the peak time of withdrawal signs of Mor, barbital (Barb), and EtOH. The development of physical dependence on Mor, Barb, and EtOH was not modified by the pretreatment with other drugs. These results may serve to predict the risk of the interactions between various dependence-liable drugs in humans. PMID- 3250154 TI - [Influence of phosphatidylcholine on the threshold dose of pentylenetetrazol for inducing seizure]. AB - Because of its putative long-acting cholinomimetic property, phosphatidylcholine (Pc, lecithin), is expected to have a therapeutic efficacy on states in which a cholinergic hypofunction in the CNS is pathognomonic. Cholinomimetic drugs in general have been reported to enhance proconvulsive predisposition of animals in various experimental situations. In our experiments, however, neither incidences of spontaneous myoclonic jerks nor pentylenetetrazol (Ptz)-induced seizure was changed in Mongolian gerbils, 12 hr after 95% soybean Pc (755 mg/kg) pretreatment. The ED50's of Ptz in inducing tonic-clonic convulsion were 44.0 mg/kg for control group which was pretreated with vehicle alone and 42.3 mg/kg for Pc-pretreated group. Some recent observations on humans and animals pose a question concerning Pc's action through the central cholinergic transmission. These and our results indicate that further investigations using behavioral parameters of animals are necessary before establishing and characterizing the central action of Pc. PMID- 3250155 TI - [Neural circuit of the retina subserving processing of color and spatial signals as revealed by studies on dissociated solitary neurons]. AB - The trichromatic signals of cone photoreceptors is converted into color opponent signals by interaction between cones and horizontal cells. It has been proposed that the interaction involves a subtype-specific feedforward as well as feedback connections between these two types of cells. In our recent studies, we obtained evidence to strongly support this hypothesis. Solitary cone photoreceptors were enzymatically dissociated from the turtle retina, and their responsiveness to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter of the monophasic horizontal cells (a subtype of horizontal cells), was examined. Ionophoretic application of GABA hyperpolarized red-sensitive and green-sensitive cones, but not blue sensitive cones. GABA sensitivity was confined to the cone pedicle which is the site of synaptic contacts with the horizontal cell. GABA bound to type A receptors and opened chloride channels. The retinal circuitry subserving the generation of color opponent processes and of the center-surround antagonism is discussed in relation to these observations. PMID- 3250156 TI - [Age-related modification of dopaminergic-cholinergic neuronal interaction in rats]. AB - A behavioral study was performed in an attempt to understand the effect of age (rats aged 2, 6, 12, 18, or 24 months) on the dopaminergic-cholinergic neuronal mechanism involved in yawning and stereotyped behaviors induced by dopaminergic and cholinergic drugs. Intraperitoneal (ip) injection of a low dose of apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg), which preferentially activates presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, produced a lower frequency of yawning responses in 12- and 24 month-old rats than in 2-month-old rats. A high dose of apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg) which stimulates both pre- and post-synaptic dopamine receptors produced the most pronounced stereotyped behavior in 12-month-old rats. The peak times for apomorphine-induced stereotypy shifted to the right between 2- and 12- and 24 month-old rats, and the duration of the stereotypy also increased in 12- and 24 month-old rats as compared with 2-month-old rats. It is suggested that decreased function of the presynaptic dopamine receptors might contribute to the increased stereotypy induced by apomorphine with increasing age in the rat. Yawning responses induced by pilocarpine (4 mg/kg) were reduced in 6- to 24-month-old rats whereas those by physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg) were not affected in rats of any age. These results suggest that differential pathways are involved in dopaminergic-cholinergic neuronal interaction, and that with increasing age, cholinergic neurons activated by cholinesterase inhibition (endogenous acetylcholine) were not affected but those by a direct acetylcholine agonist (muscarinic M-1 receptor agonist) were diminished. PMID- 3250157 TI - [Biochemical analysis of cholinergic and GABAergic single neurons]. PMID- 3250158 TI - [The ultrastructure of tadpole paranecrotic skin during its recovering process]. PMID- 3250159 TI - [PBNA induce malignant transformation in Syrian hamster lung cell culture]. PMID- 3250160 TI - [Studies on the transformation of NIH 3 T 3 cells with v-fos gene]. PMID- 3250161 TI - [Outgrowth of neurite from hamster and chick embryo retinal explants on the retinal basement membrane of different developmental stages of chick embryos]. PMID- 3250162 TI - [Quantitative analysis of growth pattern of retinal nerve fiber of chick embryo on different substrate in culture]. PMID- 3250163 TI - The chromatin structure and function of the human beta-like hemoglobin genes--a study with the dotting hybridization assay. PMID- 3250165 TI - [The face radius measurement as a sagittal size of the face--a complement to the somatometric study of the Japanese]. PMID- 3250164 TI - [Light microscopic radioautographic study of DNA synthesis in the livers of aging mice]. PMID- 3250166 TI - [The development of the aortic channel when it arises from the right ventricle: an analytical experimental approach to the morphogenesis of transposition of the great arteries (TGA)]. PMID- 3250167 TI - [Peroxidase activity in developing rat sublingual glands]. PMID- 3250168 TI - [A case of L-shaped crossed renal ectopia with fusion]. PMID- 3250169 TI - [Distribution of labeled mannose in mice studied by whole-body autoradiography and biochemical analysis]. PMID- 3250170 TI - [Two supplementary cases of the A. thymica suprema (Yamasaki) in human adults]. PMID- 3250171 TI - Histological observations on the pharynx of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus. PMID- 3250172 TI - [A histo-anatomical study on the spleen of a bat, Vespertilio orientalis]. PMID- 3250173 TI - [The superior and the inferior radial collateral arteries (new definition)]. PMID- 3250174 TI - [Laryngeal lymphatic vessels of rats]. PMID- 3250176 TI - [The morphology of Gantzer's muscle, with special reference to the morphogenesis of the flexor digitorum superficialis]. PMID- 3250175 TI - [A gross anatomical and osteological study on the spiral groove for the radial nerve]. PMID- 3250177 TI - [A case of situs inversus totalis associated with the replaced common hepatic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery]. PMID- 3250178 TI - [A case of the three branches of the coeliac trunk arising directly from the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 3250179 TI - [Two cases of absence of the common hepatic artery]. PMID- 3250180 TI - Obstetric pain medication and eventual adult amphetamine addiction in offspring. AB - Our purpose was to investigate whether obstetric analgesia, particularly by nitrous oxide, constitutes a risk that the infant might develop amphetamine addiction in later life. Of 200 current amphetamine addicts born between 1945 and 1966 in Stockholm, proportionately more were born at hospitals where pain medication had been administered in large doses (p less than 0.05). A blind matched comparison was made between 73 addicts and 109 non-addicted siblings by logistic regression, in which nitrous oxide administration was tested in competition with 12 other natal variables as possible confounders. The risk for amphetamine drug addiction in offspring was found to increase with duration of intermittent administration of pure nitrous oxide, i.e. it was estimated to be 5.6 times greater (95% confidence intervals 1.6-16.9, p = 0.005) when nitrous oxide had been given for greater than or equal to 4.5 h vis-a-vis less than or equal to 0.25 h. Calculated risks are probably underestimates. Results can be explained as an effect of imprinting. It is concluded that local or regional anesthesia are preferable to general anesthesia which allows substantial amounts of drugs to cross the placenta. PMID- 3250181 TI - Which fetal growth charts should be used? AB - Fetal intra-uterine growth charts are generally based on last menstrual period (LMP) data. Such charts may not really be applicable to infants whose gestational age is ultrasonically determined in early pregnancy. 1369 consecutive singleton pregnancies were studied. All fetuses had their gestational age estimated both by ultrasonic measurement of fetal crown-rump length and from registered last menstrual period data. All infants were weighed at birth as a part of the routine care. The age determination according to the two methods differed in 664 out of 1369 cases and in 516 of these 664 cases the age according to LMP was higher than according to CRL--a highly significant difference (p less than 0.001). Mean values for birth weight were found to be larger when correlated to age in terms of CRL determinations than when related to age as calculated from LMP data. Birth weight also showed a significant increase between 40 and 42 weeks when age was determined ultrasonically. This was not the case when age determination was based on LMP data. The explanation of this fact is that age is overestimated in late pregnancy when calculated from LMP data. These facts ought to be considered when future fetal growth charts are constructed. PMID- 3250182 TI - Effects of VIP and PHM in human intracervical arteries. AB - The relaxing effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine methionine (PHM) on human intracervical arteries were studied. Cervical tissue specimens were excised after hysterectomy at various phases of the menstrual cycle (n = 12) and small intracervical arteries were dissected free by microtechnique. Ring preparations of the vessels were prepared and mounted in organ baths, and isometric circular tension was recorded. None of the compounds showed any effects in unstimulated cervical arterial preparations. In vessels precontracted by noradrenalin 10(-5) M, VIP 10(-8) - 10(-6) M and PHM 10(-8) - 10(-6) M induced similar, concentration-dependent relaxation with a maximum effect of 73.2 +/- 12.7% relaxation for VIP 10(-6) M and 79.6 +/- 11.8% for PHM 10(-6) M, as compared to 10.7 +/- 3.1% decrease in tension for control preparations treated with solvent (mean +/- SE, n = 6). Simultaneous addition of VIP 5 x 10(-7) M and PHM 5 x 10(-7) M produced additive effects. Pretreatment with indometacin 10(-6) M, atropine 10(-6) M or propranolol 10(-6) M did not significantly influence these responses. Both peptides might be involved in regulation of blood flow in the human cervix. PMID- 3250183 TI - A comparison of oral prostaglandin E2 tablets with intravenous oxytocin for stimulation of labor after premature rupture of membranes at term. AB - Sixty-nine patients (48 primigravidae and 21 multigravidae) with 12 hours of spontaneous premature rupture of membranes (PROM) after 36 weeks gestation were randomly allocated to receive either prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) oral tablets or intravenous oxytocin to stimulate labor. The two treatments were compared regarding stimulation - delivery interval (SDI), analgesic requirements, maternal and fetal side effects, and patient acceptability. The mean SDI was shorter in the oxytocin group, but without statistical significance. Analgesic requirements and fetal side effects were similar in the two groups, but there was a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting in those patients receiving the maximum dose (1 mg hourly) of PGE2. On subjective assessment, clinicians considered oxytocin to be more effective (p less than 0.05), while midwives felt both regimes to be equally helpful. PGE2 oral tablets were significantly (p less than 0.05) more acceptable to the patients, who preferred the convenience of oral dosing, the absence of an i.v. line and the increased mobility. It is concluded that PGE2 tablets are a safe and effective method of stimulating labor following PROM, and highly acceptable to parturients. In those women in whom labor has not been established within 8 h of initiating PGE2 therapy, or in whom gastric side effects are troublesome, intravenous oxytocin should be substituted. PMID- 3250184 TI - Bacteriological findings and clinical symptoms in relation to clinical outcome in puerperal mastitis. AB - Clinical symptoms, bacterial content in breast milk and treatment were recorded in 43 women in Oslo with puerperal mastitis. Patients with a favorable (n = 35) and unfavorable outcome (n = 8) (defined as abscess formation and/or symptom relief after more than 7 days) were compared. The group with unfavorable outcome was characterized by increased delay between symptoms and time for consultation, higher score of clinical symptoms and higher frequency of Staphylococcus aureus. A higher frequency of S. aureus was found in the affected breasts than in the unaffected breasts. There was no difference concerning the frequency of coagulase negative staphylococci and overall bacterial counts, either between milk from affected and non-affected breasts, or between milk from non-affected breasts and milk from healthy donors. The present investigation indicates that penicillin treatment is questionable when considering that untreated cases healed almost as quickly as treated ones, and that 70% of the S. aureus strains were resistant to phenoxymethylpenicillin. It is concluded that present bacterial examinations in breast milk are of limited help in deciding who needs antibiotic treatment. PMID- 3250185 TI - Follicular fluid histamine concentrations in infertile women with pelvic adhesions. AB - Dense pelvic adhesions can arise as a result of pelvic infection, endometriosis, peritonitis, or pelvic surgery. The burnt-out disease is associated with evidence of a chronic inflammatory response. One of the chemical mediators of inflammation is histamine; and human and animal studies have indicated a role for histamine in the ovulatory process. In women with dense pelvic adhesions we have found significantly elevated concentrations of histamine in the follicular fluid when compared with the follicular fluid obtained from women without adhesions. This may lead to premature ovulation during a normal cycle, resulting in the release of an immature oocyte. It is possible that this may contribute to the lower fertility in women who have pelvic endometriosis but patent fallopian tubes, and in those patients where tubal patency has been restored following tubal surgery. PMID- 3250186 TI - Uterine and umbilical blood flow during cesarean section under epidural anesthesia. AB - Umbilical and uterine blood flow velocity waveforms were studied in 22 women undergoing elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia. The measurements were taken prior to initiation of anesthesia (baseline levels), after the appropriate level of anesthesia had been achieved (prior to the onset of surgery), and intraoperatively immediately prior to the uterine incision and after the delivery (uterine blood flow). Achievement of the therapeutic level of epidural anesthesia was not associated with altered umbilical and uterine blood flow. Intraoperatively, however, 2/3 of the women manifested increased resistance in the utero-fetal circuit, judging by the rise in S/D ratios. Under normal circumstances (absence of fetal distress and maternal complications prior to the cesarean section, adequate maternal hydration and oxygenation, etc.) these changes did not cause any neonatal compromise as evidenced by normal Apgar scores and freedom from complications during the neonatal period. PMID- 3250187 TI - Doppler measurements of changes in human mammary and uterine blood flow during pregnancy and lactation. AB - A pulsed Doppler ultrasound velocity meter was used to measure blood velocities in the right uterine artery and a mammary branch of the right lateral thoracic artery in one subject throughout pregnancy and after parturition. The breast blood velocity was also followed throughout lactation. The velocities in the uterine artery increased 2.5-fold from the 15th to the 38th week, when delivery occurred. An estimate of the total blood flow in the uterine artery, based on the total intensities in the Doppler spectrum, increased 5-fold in the same period. This corresponds to the increase in volume flow obtained with invasive methods. Velocities in the breast artery increased 2.5-fold from the 12th to the 25th week of pregnancy and then stayed at the same level throughout lactation; after weaning, they rapidly declined. PMID- 3250188 TI - Ruptured uterine sacculation. A rare presentation of ectopic implantation. AB - Pregnancy growing in the uterine sacculation following medical termination of pregnancy is a rare occurrence. We present one such case in which rupture occurred on the ward while the patient was waiting for diagnostic laparotomy. PMID- 3250189 TI - Krogius and Roux-Goldthwait operations for recurrent patellar dislocation. PMID- 3250190 TI - [500 cases of lower limb lengthening using a personal technic in achondroplasia]. PMID- 3250192 TI - Free patellar tendon grafting as augmentation or as substitution for acute isolated anterior cruciate ligament tears. Preliminary results. PMID- 3250193 TI - [Amputation of the leg. The value of early prostheses fitting]. PMID- 3250191 TI - [The value of central-medullary locking nails in certain complications of femoral fractures. Apropos of 7 cases]. PMID- 3250194 TI - Spondylothoracic dysplasia. Report of four cases. PMID- 3250195 TI - [Osteo-muscular lesions in students of a ballet school]. PMID- 3250196 TI - Internal fixation devices and infection. An electron microscopic study. PMID- 3250197 TI - [Fracture of the femur in patients with hip prostheses. Apropos of 36 cases]. PMID- 3250198 TI - Recurrent dislocation of the patella. Two principles of treatment prospectively studied. PMID- 3250199 TI - Interphalangeal asymmetrical V osteotomies. A biomechanical study. PMID- 3250200 TI - [Oblique osteotomy of the fibula. Therapeutic aspect of consolidation problems of leg fractures]. PMID- 3250201 TI - Internal fixation of fractures of the proximal femur dynamic hip screw versus nail-plate fixation. PMID- 3250202 TI - Plica synovialis mediopatellaris. PMID- 3250203 TI - Effects of flunarizine on induced nystagmus and cochlear blood flow. AB - The effects of flunarizine on induced nystagmus and cochlear blood flow were compared with those of cinnarizine and diphenidol. Flunarizine significantly inhibited caloric (cool water)-induced nystagmus frequency and duration of nystagmus in rabbits at 5 mg/kg i.v., whereas cinnarizine and diphenidol only slightly decreased the frequency of nystagmus at 5 mg/kg, i.v. As for optokinetic stimuli-induced nystagmus in rabbits, flunarizine significantly decreased the amplitude of nystagmus at 2.5 mg/kg i.v., and cinnarizine and diphenidol inhibited nystagmus at 5 mg/kg, i.v. Flunarizine had no effect on nystagmus induced by electrical stimulation of the lateral geniculate body in rabbits at doses up to 5 mg/kg, i.v. Flunarizine increased the cochlear blood flow in anesthetized guinea pigs dose-dependently (0.312-1.25 mg/kg i.v.) On the other hand, cinnarizine (0.625-2.5 mg/kg i.v.) and diphenidol (0.625-2.5 mg/kg i.v.) increased cochlear blood flow, but the duration of action of both cinnarizine and diphenidol was shorter than that of flunarizine at the same dose. As stated above, flunarizine inhibited nystagmus experimentally induced by caloric or optokinetic stimuli. Increased cochlear blood flow suggested that the enhancement of vestibular blood flow might play an important role in the treatment of vestibular dysfunctions with this drug. PMID- 3250204 TI - Ground-based training for the stimulus rearrangement encountered during spaceflight. AB - Approximately 65-70% of the crew members now experience motion sickness of some degree during the first 72 h of orbital flight on the Space Shuttle. Lack of congruence among signals from spatial orientation systems leads to sensory conflict, which appears to be the basic cause of space motion sickness. A project to develop training devices and procedures to preadapt astronauts to the stimulus rearrangements of microgravity is currently being pursued. The preflight adaptation trainers (PATs) are intended to: demonstrate sensory phenomena likely to be experienced in flight, allow astronauts to train preflight in an altered sensory environment, alter sensory-motor reflexes, and alleviate or shorten the duration of space motion sickness. Four part-task PATs are anticipated. The trainers are designed to evoke two adaptation processes, sensory compensation and sensory reinterpretation, which are necessary to maintain spatial orientation in a weightless environment. Recent investigations using one of the trainers indicate that self-motion perception of linear translation is enhanced when body tilt is combined with visual surround translation, and that a 270 degrees phase angle relationship between tilt and surround motion produces maximum translation perception. PMID- 3250205 TI - The use of vestibular tests for the selection of anti-vertigo drugs. AB - Vertigo is not a disease, but a symptom. Therefore, the therapy of vertigo is primarily directed at eliminating the underlying cause. In about half of the cases the cause will not become apparent, however, and the therapy is doomed to be symptomatic. Several types of drugs have been found to have an anti-vertigo activity, e.g. antihistamines, calcium antagonists, anti-emetics. For the selection of vestibular depressants, the vestibular caloric test and the rotation test can be used. The duration of the nystagmus induced by rotation is the most useful parameter. The lag-period, the extent and duration of the vestibular effects can be determined and compared with that of other substances. A stronger action on a nystagmus does not necessarily mean a stronger anti-vertiginous action. The final proof of an anti-vertiginous activity can only be established in clinical studies in patients with vertigo. PMID- 3250206 TI - Spatial working memory in rats: the effect of the dipeptide gamma-L-glutamyl taurine and haloperidol. AB - To assess the possible involvement of the dipeptide gamma-L-glutamyl-taurine (Litoralon) and some of its analogues in the maintenance of spatial working memory, rats were treated with the dipeptides immediately or 2 hours after completing the first four choices in an 8 arm radial maze, or 3 hours before the test to exclude proactive effects of the compounds. Treatment with Litoralon, SZJ 3381 and 3361 at doses of 100 and 500 micrograms/kg (i.p.) did not impair spatial memory in rats, regardless of when these substances were injected during the session. By contrast, haloperidol (500 micrograms/kg, i.p.) treatment resulted in a dramatic decrease of performance. PMID- 3250207 TI - Differential distribution of hexokinase in vital organs of three teleost fishes. AB - The phylogeny has influenced the distribution of hexokinase in various tissues of three teleosts, viz., Labeo rohita, Clarias batrachus and Channa punctatus, which differ significantly in a number of parameters like growth rate, feeding habits and ability to get oxygen. Among the organs investigated for hexokinase, the anterior region of the right lobe of the liver showed higher activity than the posterior region, followed by the anterior and posterior regions of the left lobe. The middle region of the renal tissue showed higher activity than the anterior or posterior region. In the muscle the caudal region showed maximum activity compared to the cephalic or thoracic regions. However, in g ills the enzyme concentration is higher in the left gill than in the right one. The observed variations are discussed in relation to the physiological status. PMID- 3250208 TI - Glucose concentration gradient through the cerebral cortex in normoglycaemic anaesthetized rabbits. AB - In this pilot study, the relationships between glucose and lactate concentrations of plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cerebral cortex and subjacent white matter were investigated in one hyperglycaemic and three normoglycaemic anaesthetized rabbits. After a 90 min stabilization period, CSF was sampled and the brain frozen in situ. Triplet samples (n = 3 X 21) were obtained from the outer and inner halves of cortex and from the white substance and analysed for their water content as well as for glucose and lactate by enzymatic fluorescence methods. Preservation of the ATP content was demonstrated in brain slices by a bioluminescence method. The glucose and lactate levels of CSF seemed to reflect those of the outer half of the cortex. In the normoglycaemic animals, the tissue glucose and tissue lactate levels correlated inversely (r = 0.477: p less than 0.01). While the glucose concentrations were nearly identical in the inner cortex and white substance, there was a concentration difference of 0.54 mmol/kg tissue water between the outer half of the cortex and the white matter (p much less than 0.02). This might correspond to a steep intra-cortical glucose gradient starting from the CSF-facing surface and approximating the general cerebral glucose level in a depth of about 4-500 microns. The possible significance of this gradient in regulating CSF glucose is discussed. PMID- 3250209 TI - The influence of sympathomimetic and sympatholytic agents on the salivary flow rate and concentration of Ca, P and protein in the parotid gland of the goat. AB - 1. The role of the sympathetic autonomic division on the parotid gland of normal and thyroparathyroidectomized (t.x.p.t.x.) goats was studied. 2. The salivary flow rate and concentration of Ca, P and protein was tested during the intravenous infusions of sympathomimetic and sympatholytic agents. 3. The intravenous infusion of isoprenaline modified the salivary flow rate and the concentration of total protein. 4. None of the tested drugs modified significantly the concentration of Ca and P in the parotid saliva. 5. The results obtained in normal and t.x.p.t.x animals were similar; it seems that PTH is not involved in the observed changes. PMID- 3250210 TI - Some evidence of enhanced alimentary motivation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AB - The consumption of a wet mash of biscuits or pellets, outside the home cage, was determined in adult spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (NT) Wistar rats. Rats were deprived of food for 24 h or satiated. Regardless of the testing conditions, SHR showed a higher food interest than NT rats, which was reflected in a shorter latency to start eating, a longer time of eating to the first interval as well as to the 30 sec interval which terminated the trial, and a larger amount of food consumed during the test trial. The speed of eating was greater in SHR. In the competition for food SHR won almost all encounters with NT rats. The mean time of eating by SHR increased over the consecutive encounters up to 90%. These findings indicate that alimentary motivation of SHR was higher than that of NT rats. The results are discussed in terms of hyperreactivity of SHR. PMID- 3250212 TI - Renal vein outflow recording in rats and rabbits: alternative method of R.B.F. measurement. AB - A method is described for continuous measurement of total renal blood flow in anesthetized rats and rabbits. It consists of recording time intervals in which a fixed volume of renal vein outflow enters into an extracorporeal renin vein - jugular vein shunt and is pumped back to animals' circulation. This technique yields absolute flow values of unequalled accuracy and requires virtually no calibration; however, it is not suitable for recording rapid flow transients. The RBF measured averaged 5.5 +/- (SE) 0.1 ml/min.g kidney weight in rats and 2.5 +/- 1.1 ml/min.g in rabbits; the flow was stable over at least 1.5-2 hrs. The rat kidneys tested showed usual capacity to autoregulate blood flow during graded reduction in renal perfusion pressure. PMID- 3250211 TI - The combined effects of dopamine (DA) and the DA antagonists EGYT-2509, chlorpromazine and haloperidol on the kidney function. AB - In anaesthetized dogs renal function was investigated in four successive 20-min periods in four experimental series. (1) In the first series following the first period (serving as control) 2.5 micrograms/kg/min of dopamine (DA) dissolved in 0.5 ml/min of Ringer's solution was infused into the left renal artery (period 2), than during periods 3 and 4. It was found that first (period 2) and second (period 3) doses of DA induced a significant decrease of about 20-30% in renal vascular resistance, and an increase of about 15-25% in renal blood flow. At the same time, systemic arterial blood pressure fell by 10%. The other investigated parameters of the left kidney (Cinulin, CPAH, sodium, potassium and water excretion) did not differ from the respective parameters of the intact right kidney. (2) In the second experimental series following the first period (prior to period 2) 1.0 mg/kg of the DA antagonist EGYT 2509 was administered intravenously. Prior to the period 3 again 1.0 mg/kg of EGYT 2509 and prior to period 4 2.0 mg/kg of EGYT 2509 was given intravenously. During periods 2 through 4 2.5 micrograms/kg/min of DA was infused into the left renal artery. It could be ascertained that EGYT 2509 abolished the renal effects of DA while not inducing any decrease in arterial blood pressure. (3) In the third experimental series, following the control period, prior to periods 2,3 and 4, 1.0 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg chlorpromazine respectively, was administered i.v. followed by the infusion of DA into the left renal artery. After the administration of chlorpromazine arterial blood pressure and renal vascular resistance fell concomitantly and DA failed to induce any further changes in these parameters. According to our experiments chlorpromazine abolishes the effect of DA on kidney function. (4) In the fourth series, prior to DA infusion the dogs were given 0.5 mg/kg (period 2) then again 0.5 mg/kg and finally 1.0 mg/kg of haloperidol intravenously. Haloperidol decreased arterial blood pressure as well as renal vascular resistance, thus renal blood flow did not change. Renal blood flow could then be increased by DA infused into the left renal artery. It seems that haloperidol could not abolish the vascular effects of DA in the kidney. Our experiments indicate that substance EGYT 2509 possesses the most marked dopaminergic antagonistic effect, chlorpromazine had also been effective, while haloperidol had proved to be practically ineffective. PMID- 3250213 TI - Relationship between central cholinergic and GABAergic neurotransmitters activity in the steroid treated rat. AB - Contraceptive steroid treatment to female rat alters the concentration of acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid, though not uniformly in most of the brain areas, i.e. in cerebellum, medulla oblongata-pons, hypothalamus, striatum hippocampus, midbrain-thalamus-subthalamus, and cortex. Both neutrotransmitters vary conjointly in the hypothalamus and striatum-hippocampus after combined steroid treatment. This may indicate a concerted effect on the modulation of gonadotrophin release. PMID- 3250214 TI - Exchangeable body sodium in normal man: analysis of various frames of reference. AB - Exchangeable sodium is a reliable measure of body sodium contents. Since fat tissue contains significantly less sodium per unit of weight than other tissues, leanness of an individual may considerably affect exchangeable body sodium. Thus, subjects of different body size can be compared only when body build is considered. To evaluate various frames of reference, we analysed the relationship between exchangeable sodium as determined by isotope dilution and various parameters of body size. Body weight, body height, body surface area, and leanness index correlated significantly with exchangeable sodium, the closest relationship having been obtained with body surface area (r = 0.790; p less than 0.001). When analysing males and females separately (n = 18 and 36, resp.), best parallelism of regression lines was also obtained with body surface area. It is concluded that exchangeable sodium should be referred to unit of body surface area, expressing each individual's value as percent of the normal predicted value calculated from the regression equations y = 1388x + 370 and y = 1554x - 196 for males and females, respectively. PMID- 3250215 TI - Wall mechanics of the rat bladder. I. Hydrodynamic studies in the time domain. AB - The hydrodynamic properties of the rat bladder in the collection phase were examined by slow continuous and very fast stepwise cystometry in nine rats. In vivo, the fast volume steps induced a reproducible detrusor contraction (type A) which remained after spinal anaesthesia and anticholinergic treatment, but ceased post-mortally within 1 h. No significant effect of anticholinergic treatment was found on bladder stiffness. The stiffness and relaxation time of the bladder wall increased markedly at large distension. At small and moderate distension, however, the compliances evaluated from continuous and stepwise cystometry were nearly the same, and a linear elastic model of the bladder was applicable. We consider that the rat bladder will be a useful experimental model in further research on viscoelasticity and instability of the bladder wall. PMID- 3250216 TI - Wall mechanics of the rat bladder. II. Hydrodynamic studies in the frequency domain. AB - The hydrodynamic properties of the urinary bladder in rat were examined by means of very small periodic changes in volume at different frequencies. The elastance increased with increasing frequency of volume changes, indicating the presence of viscoelastic elements. When the bladder was only moderately distended the influence of viscosity was minor. We consider that the rat bladder examined by this technique is an ideal experimental model for assessment of in vivo effects of pharmacological agents on bladder wall tonus. For example, cholinergic treatment showed a 100% increase in elastance and atropine inhibited this effect completely within 3 min. PMID- 3250217 TI - Renal sympathetic nerve activity during morphine abstinence in sino-aortic baroreceptor-denervated rats. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of the arterial baroreceptors on the response of renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA) during naloxone-precipitated morphine abstinence in rats. In chronically baroreceptor denervated, morphine-dependent rats, rSNA, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were studied before and after repeated i.v. bolus doses of naloxone (0.005-5 mg kg-1), during chloralose anaesthesia or in the conscious state. In the anaesthetized animals, naloxone doses of 0.05-5 mg kg-1 caused a pronounced inhibition of rSNA, reaching a level 61% below pre-naloxone activity. This was accompanied by increases in MAP and HR. In the conscious rats, the lower doses of naloxone elicited an initial state of increased somatomotor activity. This was paralleled by slight increases in rSNA and MAP. After 4-5 min, the behavioural excitation faded and was replaced by lethargy. The rats exhibited still signs of withdrawal in the form of piloerection, chromodacryorrhoea and defaecations. Concomitantly, rSNA returned towards the pre-naloxone level, while MAP showed a sustained increase. The higher naloxone doses exacerbated the hypertension without any further changes in rSNA or in behaviour. We conclude that the influence of the baroreceptors is of minor significance for the inhibition of rSNA during naloxone-precipitated abstinence in anaesthetized rats. In conscious, intact rats, however, the baroreceptors seem to contribute to rSNA inhibition since no significance decrease of rSNA occurred in baroreceptor-denervated rats in the present study. This is in contrast to our previous finding of a marked inhibition of rSNA in rats with intact baroreceptors. PMID- 3250218 TI - Central haemodynamics during morphine abstinence in anaesthetized rats. AB - Central haemodynamics were studied in one group of morphine-dependent rats, and in a non-dependent control group, before and after administration of repeated bolus doses of naloxone. Dependence was induced by s.c. morphine pellet implantations. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO) and mean transit time (MTT) were measured in the conscious state, after induction of chloralose anaesthesia and after the administration of naloxone (0.005, 0.05, 0.5 and 5 mg kg-1 i.v.). Total peripheral resistance (TPR), stroke volume (SV) and central blood volume (CBV) were subsequently calculated. The haemodynamic variables did not differ significantly in the conscious state, except for a lower SV, when compared with the non-dependent control group. However, in response to anaesthesia the dependent rats exhibited a greater fall in MAP, mainly due to a TPR decrease. Naloxone elicited a marked increase in MAP in the morphine dependent group, which was mainly caused by an increase in TPR. Naloxone induced no significant change compared with the control group in CO and CBV, while SV increased concomitantly with a lowered HR after naloxone in the morphine dependent group. These results suggest that the withdrawal hypertension during morphine abstinence was mainly explained by an increase in TPR, reflecting an augmented tone of the resistance vessels. The minor changes in CBV indicate that the tone of the venous capacitance vessels was largely unaffected by naloxone induced morphine abstinence. PMID- 3250219 TI - Increase in capillary blood flow and relative haematocrit in rabbit skeletal muscle following acute normovolaemic anaemia. AB - The effect of acute normovolaemic haemodilution on microvascular red blood cell flow was studied by intravital microscopy in the tenuissimus muscle of the rabbit. Blood was substituted isovolaemically with equal volumes of a 6% solution of dextran 70 (MW 70,000). The systemic haematocrit (Hsys) decreased from 36 +/- 4% (mean +/- SD) to 17 +/- 2%. Following haemodilution capillary haematocrit (Hcap), as measured by video densitometric methods, decreased by 20 +/- 9%. The reduction of Hcap was significantly smaller than that of Hsys, and Hcap normalized with respect to Hsys increased from 0.39 +/- 0.07 in the control situation to 0.62 +/- 0.18 after haemodilution. Red blood cell velocity (vrbc) increased by 45 +/- 20% and compensated for the decrease in Hcap in such a way that the red blood cell flux, calculated from vrbc and Hcap, remained unchanged. Measurements of volume flow in the feeding arterioles in the muscle revealed a fractional redistribution of blood flow in favour of the muscle capillaries following haemodilution at the expense of vessels in adjacent connective tissue supplied by the same arterioles. This fractional flow redistribution was likely the basis for the relative increase in capillary haematocrit seen after haemodilution. The present data demonstrate that an acute reduction of the systemic haematocrit is compensated for in an active regulating vascular bed by a proportionally smaller decrease in capillary haematocrit and by an increased capillary red cell velocity. Microvascular haematocrit was found not to be a constant fraction of the systemic value, which supports the view of capillary haematocrit as a 'controlled' physiological variable. PMID- 3250220 TI - Effects of dynamic leg exercise on subcutaneous blood flow rate in the lower limb of man. AB - Subcutaneous blood flow (SBF) was studied simultaneously in the upper arm at heart level and in the lower limb during positional changes and during leg exercise in seven healthy males. SBF was estimated by local clearance of 133Xenon registered by portable cadmium telluride detectors. Venous pressure was recorded directly on dorsum on the foot. Changing the position from supine to head-up tilt, SBF decreased by 43% (P less than 0.01) at the arm level, 40% at the thigh (P less than 0.01), 47% at the calf (P less than 0.01) and decreased by 51% at the ankle level (P less than 0.01). Performing 20 heel-raisings per min in nearly erect posture, SBF increased by 96% at the thigh (P less than 0.01), 25% at the calf (P greater than 0.1) and increased by 18% at the ankle level (P greater than 0.01). At 40 heel-raisings per min SBF increased by 99% at the thigh (P less than 0.01), 121% at the calf (P less than 0.01), but only 44% at the ankle level (P greater than 0.1). During leg exercise subcutaneous vascular resistance was significantly increased at arm and ankle levels. In contrast, a vasodilatory response was noticed at the thigh and calf levels and seemed associated with a decrease in local venous pressure to below the trigger level of the sympathetic veno-arteriolar reflex mechanism. In conclusion, SBF in the lower limb of man was increased during exercise. The increase in SBF could only partly be ascribed to the concomitant increase in perfusion pressure. The local blood flow response seemed modified by changes in sympathetic nervous activity and metabolic rate. PMID- 3250221 TI - Effects of chronic nicotine exposure on contractile enzyme-histochemical and biochemical properties of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles in the rat. AB - Nicotine-exposed and control rats were compared with respect to contractile, enzyme-histochemical and biochemical properties of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying previously observed effects of tobacco smoking on skeletal muscle. The nicotine was administered in drinking water, since this approach has been shown to result in a plasma nicotine pattern similar to that seen in tobacco smokers. In a pilot study, fibre-type proportions and mitochondrial enzyme activities tended to change in the slow twitch soleus muscle after 9 weeks of nicotine exposure in a way similar to that previously reported in tobacco smokers. In the present study, the duration of nicotine exposure was more prolonged (18 weeks) and the number of studied animals was increased. In this series neither contractile, enzyme-histochemical nor biochemical properties were affected by the nicotine exposure. It is thus concluded that prolonged nicotine exposure has no significant effect on the skeletal muscle characteristics studied, and that other aetiological agent(s) for the observed differences in such characteristics between smokers and non-smokers should be searched for. PMID- 3250222 TI - Motor responses elicited by local electrical stimulation of the distal colon in the anaesthetized rat. AB - A method to study electrically induced distal colonic motility in the rat in vivo is reported. The animals were anaesthetized with methohexital and chloralose and were artificially ventilated. Motility of a segment (2 cm) of the distal colon was monitored as volume changes of an intraluminal balloon, introduced via the anus. Local electrical stimulation of the wall of the segment was achieved by means of a bipolar electrode folded around the gut. Stimulations produced reproducible contractile responses in a frequency dependent fashion. Stimulation characteristics resembled those of other autonomic neuro-effector systems. The adrenergic neuron-blocker, guanethidine, significantly lowered colonic tone, but had no other effects on spontaneous or electrically induced motility. Atropine significantly lowered colonic tone. After the administration of this compound the electrically induced contractions were significantly smaller with a shorter duration and, furthermore, appeared upon the cessation of stimulation ('off' or 'rebound' contraction). Following the administration of tetrodotoxin (TTX, given close i.a. via a cannula with its tip in distal aorta) basal colonic tone and the number of spontaneously occurring contractions increased. The amplitude and duration of the electrically induced responses were significantly attenuated and, furthermore, appeared as 'rebound' contractions which were preceded by a relaxation. Such TTX-resistant responses may be myogenic, but a neurogenic origin cannot be excluded. The present study showed that local electrical stimulation of the distal colon elicits cholinergic contractions, but also atropine- and TTX resistant motor responses. PMID- 3250223 TI - The excitatory amino acid antagonist kynurenate induces pacemaker-like firing of dopamine neurons in rat ventral tegmental area in vivo. PMID- 3250224 TI - Allergen challenge induces vasodilatation in pig bronchial circulation via a capsaicin-sensitive mechanism. PMID- 3250225 TI - Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh Symposium on Regulation of Enzyme Activity and Synthesis in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues. Indianapolis, Indiana, October 5 and 6, 1987. PMID- 3250226 TI - The H1 and core histone subtypes: differential gene expression and varied primary structures. AB - The patterns of chromosomal proteins reflect in many cases the functional state of the respective cell type. The H1 histone group is particularly important in this respect, since these histones are involved in the higher order chromatin organization above the level of chains of nucleosomes. In mammals, the H1 histone family comprises at least five main subtypes (H1a-H1e), a testicular variant (H1t) and, thirdly, a subtype H1(0), which is found only in terminally differentiated cells. The H1(0) variant is structurally related to the avian red blood cell specific histone H5, which was the basis for our recent isolation of the human H1(0) gene. Changes of H1 histone patterns may be crucial events in modulating local chromatin arrangements, since the formation of higher order chromatin structures depends on a cooperative interaction of the H1 histones. Variations in their patterns can be studied in vivo during several developmental processes (such as spermatogenesis, erythropoiesis, maturation of several cell types) or in vitro in several tumor cell lines upon treatment with several inducers or upon inhibition of cell division. The differential regulation of the individual H1 subtypes is reflected in the gene and mRNA structures coding for the respective proteins. The cell cycle regulated histones are mostly encoded by non-polyadenylated mRNAs, whereas H5 as well as H1(0) mRNA shows a poly(A) tail at its 3' end. In conclusion, gene activity may not only be controlled at the level of RNA polymerases and their regulatory transcription factors. The varied patterns of chromosomal proteins at different stages during development and differentiation suggest that the local or overall organization of chromatin plays an additional role in these regulatory programs. Hence, the analysis of variations in patterns of chromosomal proteins is an integral part of the investigation of gene regulation mechanisms. PMID- 3250227 TI - Photoaffinity analogues of methotrexate as folate antagonist binding probes. AB - A photoaffinity analogue of methotrexate, APA-[125I]ASA-Lys, specifically binds to dihydrofolate reductase and covalently modifies the enzyme following irradiation. An excess of methotrexate blocks incorporation of the photoprobe. Following cyanogen bromide digestion of the radiolabeled enzyme and high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of the generated peptides, a majority of the label was centered around residues 63-65 (Lys-Asn-Arg), part of the inhibitor binding domain. This photoprobe is also transported into murine L1210 cells in a temperature-dependent, sulfhydryl reagent inhibitable manner with a Vmax similar to that for methotrexate. Ultraviolet irradiation at 4 degrees C of a cell suspension that had been incubated with the radiolabeled photoprobe resulted in the covalent modification of a 46-48 Kd protein. This can be demonstrated when the plasma membranes from the labeled cells are analyzed via sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Labeling of this protein occurs half-maximally at a reagent concentration that correlates with the Kt for transport of the iodinated compound. Protection against labeling of this protein by increasing amounts of methotrexate parallels the concentration dependence of inhibition of photoprobe uptake by methotrexate. In addition, no labeling occurs when a cell line that has a defective methotrexate transport system is similarly treated. Evidence that, in the absence of irradiation and at 37 degrees C, the iodinated probe is actually internalized is demonstrated by the labeling of two soluble proteins (Mr = 38 Kd and 21 Kd) derived from the cell homogenate supernatant. PMID- 3250228 TI - Transport systems for amphipathic compounds in normal and neoplastic hepatocytes. AB - Photoaffinity labeling of plasma membrane subfractions from liver and of intact liver tissue with a photolabile bile salt derivative, the sodium salt of (7,7-azo 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, revealed that the hepatobiliary transport of bile salts is accomplished by transport systems different for sinusoidal uptake and canalicular secretion. Polypeptides with apparent Mr values 54,000 and 48,000 interact with bile salts at sinusoidal membrane, whereas a polypeptide with an apparent Mr of 100,000 is involved in bile salt secretion through the canalicular membrane. Photoaffinity labeling with photolabile derivatives of uncharged and cationic compounds provided evidence that the sinusoidal membrane polypeptides exhibit a broad binding specificity. Photoaffinity labeling studies and kinetic studies suggest that hepatic uptake of different amphipathic anions, uncharged compounds and even of cations is mediated by the sinusoidal transport systems which are involved in the uptake of bile salts. Relatively little is known about the specificity of the canalicular bile salt transport system. The fluorescent bile salt derivative, the sodium salt of (N-[7-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol)]-3 beta-amino-7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is readily taken up into the hepatocytes of all acinar zones and may be used for the evaluation of the functional state of bile salt transport by fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescent microscopic studies with the fluorescent bile salt derivative showed that ascites hepatoma AS 30D cells do not have the ability to take up bile salts and demonstrated the absence of hepatobiliary bile salt transport in the solid Morris hepatoma 7777. Photoaffinity labeling studies revealed that in both tumor cell models, in hepatoma AS 30D and in Morris hepatoma 7777, the plasma membranes were devoid of the polypeptides having affinities to bile salts and amphipathic cations. A slight labeling of bile salt binding membrane polypeptides in plasma membranes from Morris hepatomas 9618A and TC 5123 opens the possibility to study transport in neoplastic hepatocytes. PMID- 3250229 TI - Regulation of liver metabolism by intercellular communication. AB - The regulation of liver metabolism by intercellular communication was assessed by studying the effect of conditioned media of Kupffer and liver endothelial cells on protein synthesis, protein phosphorylation and glycogenolysis in parenchymal cells. Kupffer and endothelial cell-conditioned media enhanced the rate of protein synthesis of parenchymal cells by a factor of 1.7-1.9. The phosphorylation state of only three specific parenchymal cell proteins was influenced by the conditioned media. One, the MW 97,000 band appeared to be phosphorylase and it was found that in parallel with an enhancement of the activity of phosphorylase the glucose output by parenchymal cells could be stimulated. The effects of the conditioned media could be mimicked by prostaglandin E1, E2 and D2, whereas the pretreatment of non-parenchymal cells with aspirin abolished the stimulatory effect of these cells on the glucose output by parenchymal cells. The data indicate that prostaglandins from Kupffer and endothelial cells, mainly PGD2, can influence glucose release from parenchymal cells. The physiological importance of cellular communication was further assessed in a liver perfusion system. The tumor promoting phorbol ester PMA stimulated glycogenolysis in the perfused liver two-fold. This stimulation was blocked by the presence of aspirin. PMA is inactive on isolated parenchymal cells. Addition of PMA to the perfused liver appears to enhance the output of PGD2 in parallel with the stimulation of the glucose output. Addition of prostaglandin D2 itself could also stimulate the glucose output in the perfused liver. Our data indicate that the stimulation of glycogenolysis in the liver by PMA is mediated by non-parenchymal cells which produce PGD2 in response to PMA, leading subsequently to activation of the phosphorylase system in the parenchymal cells. It seems possible also that the tumor-promoting activity of PMA on liver will be mediated by a primary interaction with non-parenchymal cells. It is concluded that the occurrence of intercellular communication inside the liver in response to activation of non-parenchymal cells adds a new mechanism to the complex regulation of liver metabolism which may be relevant under normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 3250230 TI - Profiling of inhibitors of protein kinase C. AB - A rapid screen assay for protein kinase C was described which allowed the detection of inhibitors and activators of the enzyme at different states of activation. Upon secondary evaluation of the active inhibitors, three classes of compounds were identified. The inhibition of protein kinase C by one class of compounds, exemplified by trifluoperazine, could be reversed in the presence of excess phosphatidylserine, indicating the phospholipid-interfering nature of these compounds. While the other two classes of compounds, represented by apomorphine and LY 170198, respectively, did not exert their inhibition by interfering with phospholipids, their inhibitory potencies differed depending on the state of activation of protein kinase C. LY 170198 was equally potent in the inhibition of protein kinase C either in its partially activated state in the presence of low concentrations of phosphatidylserine or in the diolein-stimulated state. Apomorphine, on the other hand, was less active against protein kinase C in the partially activated state. Isoquinolinesulfonamides have the same properties as those of the apomorphine and have been shown to compete for ATP binding. The mechanism of inhibition of protein kinase C by LY 170198 needs to be further investigated. PMID- 3250231 TI - Prolactin as a mammalian mitogen and tumor promoter. AB - Cellular proliferation and differentiation of the mammalian mammary gland requires a medley of hormones including the anterior pituitary hormone, PRL. Recent evidence extends the role of PRL as a mammalian mitogen to cells in several physiological systems not directly involved in reproductive functions, such as liver and lymphocytes. PRL administration induces biochemical markers expressed during the G1 phase of cell cycle and activates DNA synthesis in rat liver. Chronic PRL treatment causes hepatomegaly, reflecting its stimulation of the proliferative process. In vitro, a lactogen-dependent cell line, the Nb2 rat node lymphoma cell, serves as a useful paradigm to study PRL action on mitogenesis. These cells, when cultured in the presence of lactogens, proliferate in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of various pharmacological agents on discrete phases of the cell cycle may be readily assessed in these cells since PRL-stimulated entry into cycle is signalled by an elevation of ODC activity at 6 hr and entry into S-phase at 6-12 hr. The parallel effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters and PRL on cell cycle progression in Nb2 lymphoma cells and in hepatic proliferation suggest that PRL may likewise mediate proliferation in aberrant growth conditions such as neoplasia. The data presented support the hypothesis that PRL is capable of promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. Its chronic administration after a hepatic initiating agent stimulated the development of histochemical and biochemical markers characteristic of preneoplasia. Further, the effect of PRL was comparable to that of the hepatocarcinogen when either was administered alone. Thus, hyperprolactinemia may serve to promote the development of hepatic tumors. Phorbol esters are thought to promote tumorigenesis by directly activating PKC. In the Nb2 lymphoma cell model, tumor promoting phorbol esters mimic the effects of PRL. Similarly, PRL-stimulated enzyme induction in liver is mirrored by phorbol ester treatment, and inhibitors of PKC block PRL-stimulated mitogenesis in Nb2 cells. Further, PRL or TPA administration to rats causes translocation of PKC activity from the hepatic cytosol to the membrane fraction, reflecting kinase activation. Therefore, PRL activation of PKC appears to be a physiological phenomenon of general significance, occurring as the result of lactogen receptor stimulation and serving to transmit intracellular signals linked to the regulation of mitogenesis. Further study is required to more fully define the scope of PRL-mediated mitogenic actions as well as its effects on the expression of differentiated products in tissues and cells. PMID- 3250232 TI - Regulation of mammalian S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. AB - S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines that is the rate limiting step in the formation of spermidine and spermine. The activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is known to be regulated negatively by these polyamines and positively by their precursor, putrescine. A specific antiserum to S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was raised by immunizing rabbits with the homogeneous enzyme purified from rat prostate and a specific radioimmunoassay for the protein was set up. Using this radioimmunoassay it was found that a number of inhibitors of other steps in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway lead to increases in the amount of S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase protein. These changes were caused by both a decreased rate of degradation and an increased rate of synthesis of the protein. The increased synthesis was due to two factors; a rise in the amount of translatable mRNA and an enhanced translation efficiency. The mRNA content of the prostate was substantially increased by treatment for 3 days with alpha difluoromethylornithine (2% in drinking water). The translation of mRNA for S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was studied using a polyamine-depleted reticulocyte lysate supplemented with mRNA from rat prostate and the antiserum to precipitate the proteins corresponding to S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. These studies indicated that the enzyme was synthesized as an inactive precursor of Mr 37,000 which was converted to the enzyme sub-unit of Mr 32,000. The conversion of the precursor to the active sub-unit in vitro was increased by putrescine. The precursor could also be detected by immunoblotting of extracts from prostates of rats depleted of putrescine by treatment with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, alpha-difluoromethylornithine. The translation of the S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase mRNA in the reticulocyte lysates was strongly inhibited by the addition of spermidine or spermine demonstrating that polyamines directly inhibit the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. cDNA clones corresponding to S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase were isolated using prostatic mRNA from polysomes enriched in S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase by immunopurification. The use of these probes showed that rat ventral prostate contains two S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase mRNA species of approximately 3.4 and 2.1 kb which differ in the 3' non-translated sequence. The sequence of these cDNAs will enable the amino acid sequence of the precursor to be obtained. This will provide evidence on the origin of the pyruvate prosthetic group of S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3250233 TI - Enzyme regulation as an approach to interference with polyamine biosynthesis--an alternative to enzyme inhibition. AB - The progress reviewed here would seem to validate the regulatory approach to interference with polyamine biosynthesis as an antiproliferative strategy. To our knowledge, this is the first example, among anticancer drugs, of pharmacological intervention of a biochemical pathway based strictly on regulatory control. Several features of polyamine biology naturally favor this approach and may account for its relative success. These include (a) the nature of the regulatory mechanisms themselves, (b) the exquisite sensitivity of the pathway to regulatory control, (c) the rapid turnover of ODC and AdoMetDC, (d) the different structural specificity of ODC and AdoMetDC regulation versus growth-dependent functions, and (e) the direct dependence of growth on sustained polyamine biosynthesis. As such, the regulatory approach to interference with polyamine biosynthesis offers several advantages over the use of specific enzyme inhibitors (Table 10). Of these, perhaps, the more significant are the facts that more than one enzyme can be simultaneously and specifically suppressed and that compensatory mechanisms, which otherwise counter the effects of enzyme inhibitors (11), are not invoked. We are encouraged by the concurrence of in vitro mechanistic findings with the predictions of the hypothesis for the regulatory approach and by the in vitro and in vivo growth inhibitory effects of the analogs against murine leukemia. One disadvantage of the regulatory analogs, such as BESm, has been that, as with specific polyamine inhibitors such as DFMO, analog-induced polyamine depletion results in cytostatic growth inhibition. While this response may help to minimize host toxicities, it clearly compromises antitumor activity. An intriguing exception to this generality has recently been found among human lung carcinoma cell lines. Previously, Luk et al. (93, 94) and others (95) reported that, among a spectrum of human lung carcinoma lines, small cell carcinoma was exquisitely sensitive to the ODC inhibitor, DFMO. Not only did these cells display a cessation of growth but also an inability to survive during DFMO-induced polyamine depletion. Studies extending these findings to long term maintenance therapy in human small cell lung carcinoma implants in athymic mice revealed sustained growth inhibition of the tumor for longer than one year (96). Casero et al. (97) now find that human large cell carcinoma, which is otherwise refractory to chemotherapeutic intervention, displays a cytotoxic response in vitro to polyamine depletion induced by BES or BESm but not by DFMO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3250234 TI - Tumor growth and lipid metabolism during lactation in the rat. AB - Implantation of the Walker 256 carcinoma in lactating rats 2-3 days after parturition had no effect on maternal food intake or pup weight gain over the next 8-9 days. The rate of mammary gland lipogenesis in vivo, which is an index of glucose utilization by the gland, was similar in control and post-partum implanted rats. The accumulation of 14C-lipid in the mammary tissue after an oral load of [1-14C]triolein was also not altered by the presence of the tumor, nor was there evidence for hypertriglyceridaemia. This suggests that the activity of lipoprotein lipase in mammary tissue is not sensitive to the tumor as it appears to be in adipose tissue of non-lactating rats. In contrast, implantation of the tumor 1-2 days before parturition resulted in a faster rate of tumor growth, decreased maternal food intake and decreased pup weight gain compared to either control rats or rats with tumor implanted post-partum. In addition, the rate of mammary gland lipogenesis was decreased by 70% and that of the carcass by 50%. This decrease in lipogenesis is likely to be due to the relative hypophagia in the pre-partum implanted group. The 14C-lipid accumulation in mammary tissue after oral [1-14C]triolein tended to be lower in the pre-partum group but this was not statistically significant. It is concluded that the marked effects on lactation of pre-partum implantation of the tumor are due to effects of the tumor or its presence on the differentiation of the gland around parturition. The alternative explanation that the pre-partum tumor implantation suppresses the stimulus for physiological hyperphagia during lactation is less likely, because this does not occur with the post-partum implantation. The role of putative humoral factors in these effects of the Walker 256 carcinoma in lactation is discussed. PMID- 3250236 TI - Biotechnological applications of lipid microstructures. Based on the proceedings of the Workshop on Technological Applications of Phospholipid Bilayers, Vesicles, and Thin Films, January 5-9, 1986, Tenerife, Canary Islands; and the Workshop on Biotechnological Applications of Membrane Studies, October 18-22, 1987, San Sebastian, Spain. PMID- 3250235 TI - Molecular modeling of the phospholipid bilayer. PMID- 3250237 TI - The interaction of coenzyme Q and vitamin E with multibilayer liposomes. PMID- 3250238 TI - The interaction of an anti-phosphorylcholine monoclonal antibody with phosphorylcholine-containing lipids. PMID- 3250239 TI - Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin: a synthetic red cell. AB - Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) is being developed at the Naval Research Laboratory as a universally transfusable oxygen-carrying blood replacement. A chemical engineering scale-up feasibility study has been completed recently. We report here the development of an encapsulation method which produces liters of phospholipid/cholesterol liposomes containing at least 16 g% hemoglobin in a few hours. The 0.2 micron liposomes are produced with a Microfluidizer TM (Microfluidics Corp., Newton, MA) adapted for this purpose, and then washed and sterile filtered using a Pellicon (Millipore, Bedford, MA) tangential flow filtration device. Previously, production limitations and lack of sterility have been serious barriers to toxicity testing for all the researchers engaged in related investigations. The biophysical properties of the LEH thus produced are ideal for use as a blood substitute, resembling those of red blood cells. The oxygen-binding affinity of LEH can be maintained at the level of fresh whole blood for many weeks by co-encapsulation of pyridoxal-5-phosphate. The circulation persistence time of liposomes is a function of the type of phospholipid. We have developed a formulation which has a circulation persistence time of 15-20 hours. The LEH oxygen binding characteristics, circulation half life and its lipid composition dependence, scale-up preparation method, and a sterilization method are presented. PMID- 3250240 TI - Some structural and functional properties of hemoglobin-containing liposomes (hemosomes), a potential red blood cell substitute. PMID- 3250241 TI - Liposome-based immunoassays for detection of small and large molecules. PMID- 3250243 TI - Development of plastid membranes in immobilized systems. PMID- 3250242 TI - Stereoselective recognition in phospholipid monolayers. AB - During the past ten years we have investigated the stereochemistry of intermolecular interactions in monolayers at the air-water interface, a field which has never been developed explicitly before to our knowledge. Although we demonstrated clear enantiomeric and diastereomeric interactions for a number of chiral surfactants, we found no evidence whatsoever for stereoselective interaction in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayers or vesicles by standard monolayer techniques, differential scanning calorimetry or ultra highfield NMR. The present article extends these observations to dimyristoyl- and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine. Results from dynamic surface tension studies are also reported. In no case could chiral recognition be demonstrated using the 95% confidence limit as the criterion. In our previous study of DPPC mixtures with another chiral surfactant the question arose as to whether chiral interactions could be transmitted through intervening phospholipid molecules. This question is addressed by examining the force-area curves for a variety of mixed monolayers composed of chiral surfactants and phospholipids. We conclude that the chiral discrimination observed in some of these mixed monolayers is due to the direct interaction of chiral centers, and not due to the transmission of chirality from one stereocenter to the next through intermediate achiral molecules. Finally, we will consider the question of why phospholipids, the most ubiquitous of natural chiral surfactants, should show so little chiral discrimination in view of the wide occurrence of high stereoselectivity in many natural processes. PMID- 3250244 TI - Development of membrane-based biosensors: measurement of current from photocycling bacteriorhodopsin on patch clamp electrodes. AB - Our initial work toward developing membrane protein-based biosensors has involved use of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) as a model membrane protein. BR was incorporated into liposomes of a polymerizable lecithin, and was shown to pump protons in response to illumination both before and after polymerization of the lipids. In the work described in this paper, BR was first reincorporated in liposomes of asolectin by consonication with purple membrane. The liposomes, which sustained the function of the protein, were used to form a monolayer at the air-water interface. This monolayer was transferred as a bilayer onto patch electrode. When illuminated with a pulse of 514.5-nm light the lipid/protein patch produced a current spike into the pipette corresponding to events no later than the generation of the 412-nm intermediate, probably caused by pumping of protons across the patch membrane. The experiment demonstrates not only the extreme sensitivity of amperometric detection, but also a small tendency for membrane proteins to preferentially orient in this configuration. PMID- 3250245 TI - Photochemical reactions of dyes and olefins in monolayer films and supported multilayers. AB - The studies cited in this paper demonstrate that the unique environment provided by L. B. films and supported multilayers can produce a variety of molecular effects on photochemical reactivity that can, in turn, result in films, interfaces or surfaces having macroscopic properties which can be modulated by light. Although these investigations have been focused on molecular reactivity in films and how it can be modified (or persist unchanged), the results suggest several possible technological applications which might result from investigations directed more closely to them. PMID- 3250246 TI - Magnetite and magnetotaxis in microorganisms. PMID- 3250247 TI - Physical properties of membrane lipids isolated from a thermophilic eubacterium (Thermus sp.). AB - Membranes from a thermophilic eubacterium, Thermus sp. strain SPS 11, isolated from thermal springs of Sao Pedro do Sul spa (Portugal), are characterized for having two main polar lipids, a glycolipid (GL) with four monosaccharide residues, which at 73 degrees C accounts for 95% of the carbohydrate in the total lipid extracts, and a glycophospholipid (PL) which at 73 degrees C accounts for about 90% of the lipid phosphorous. A complex mixture of carotenoids (CA) makes up 11% by weight of the total membrane lipids. The branched fatty acyl chains (iso C15 and iso C17) comprise about 90% of the alifatic moieties of the polar lipids of this bacterium. Moreover, when the growth temperature increases from 50 to 73 degrees C there is an increase of the iso C17/ iso C15 ratio and of the GL/PL ratio. We have studied the biophysical properties of bilayers (as multilamellar liposomes) prepared from GL, PL and the mixtures of PL, GL and CA in proportions found in the membranes of bacteria growing at their optimal growth temperature, using polarization of DPH fluorescence, low and wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The three techniques agree in showing the presence of a broad phase transition from a gel (L beta) phase to a liquid-crystal (L alpha) phase between 8 and 30 degrees C, for all the lipid dispersions studied except for the GL. Although all the dispersions studied form a bilayer structure at all the temperatures studied, only the mixture of the three components (PL, GL + CA) avoids the phase separation present in the mixtures of PL + CA at temperatures lower than 30 degrees C and PL + GL at temperatures lower than 55 degrees C. Our results are compared with those of Pinheiro et al. (1978) obtained with the 31p-NMR technique and applied to the study of the same samples. PMID- 3250248 TI - Stabilization of small, unilamellar phospholipid vesicles by sucrose during freezing and dehydration. PMID- 3250249 TI - Surfactant-induced liposome fusion: molecular mechanisms and biotechnological applications. PMID- 3250250 TI - Prediabetes. Based on the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Early Diabetes: Prediabetes. April 1988, Iguazu Falls, Argentina. PMID- 3250251 TI - Genetic relationships between type I and type II diabetes mellitus. AB - We propose that at least certain subsets of Type I and Type II diabetes share factor(s) responsible for genetic susceptibility. The data presented here to support this contention include: 1. A significantly increased cumulative risk (CR40) to age 40 for Type I diabetes in sibs of probands in families with a Type II diabetic parent (Type II diabetic parent: CR40-24.7 +/- 10.7%; normal parent: CR40 = 7.5 +/- 2.0%, x2 = 12.8, p less than 0.0005). 2. The relative risk (RR) for HLA DR4 in Type I diabetic probands with a Type II diabetic parent is higher than in probands with normal parents (RR = 2.4). 3. The haptoglobin genotype 2-2 is increased in Type I diabetics with Type II parents and the sharing of both HLA and haptoglobin haplotypes in affected sib pairs is distorted with an excess sharing of both haplotypes. PMID- 3250252 TI - Sequence of changes in KK mouse nephropathy. PMID- 3250253 TI - Abnormal response to glucose in the prehyperglycemic stage. PMID- 3250254 TI - Microchannels in prediabetes. PMID- 3250255 TI - Can the high risk of type I diabetes in Finland be explained by familial aggregation and by HLA haplotype distribution? Study Group on Childhood Diabetes in Finland. PMID- 3250256 TI - Development of diabetes in identical twins. PMID- 3250257 TI - Type-specific concordance in young diabetic monozygotic twins. PMID- 3250258 TI - Diabetogenicity of various protein sources in the diet of the diabetes-prone BB rat. PMID- 3250259 TI - Kidney disease in KK mice: effect of glipizide. PMID- 3250260 TI - Plasma activity of the enzyme N-acetil-beta-glucosaminidase in healthy and diabetic subjects: effects of treatment with a sulfonylurea drug. PMID- 3250261 TI - The incidence of diabetes in BB rats is decreased following acute LCMV infection. PMID- 3250262 TI - Strategies for primary prevention of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3250263 TI - Stress--a dental phenomenon? PMID- 3250265 TI - How we spent our first year out of dental school. PMID- 3250264 TI - Dental stress. The way it was/the way it is. PMID- 3250266 TI - Infectious diseases and infection control--the new dental stress. PMID- 3250267 TI - The computer solution. PMID- 3250268 TI - Managing patient communications with your PC. PMID- 3250269 TI - Identifying victims after A.F. jet crashes into airport hotel. PMID- 3250270 TI - [Continuous flow perfusion. Materials and practices. 2]. PMID- 3250271 TI - [Continuous flow perfusion]. PMID- 3250272 TI - [Perfusion pumps: description, use and criteria of choice on the French market in 1988]. PMID- 3250273 TI - [A comparative study of the performance of 3 perfusion pumps: AVI 200, IMED 960 and Vial Medical 8000 M]. PMID- 3250274 TI - Equipment for intravenous infusion: some aspects of performance. PMID- 3250275 TI - [The role of AFNOR in the standardization of equipment for injections and in particular for perfusion]. PMID- 3250276 TI - [Contamination by microorganisms of the lines of AVI 200 perfusion pumps after 24, 48 and 72 hours' use. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3250277 TI - Issues in anesthesia and sedation in dentistry. PMID- 3250278 TI - Diazepam enhances fentanyl and diminishes meperidine antinociception. AB - A rabbit tooth pulp antinociceptive model was used to investigate the effect of prior administration of diazepam or muscimol on the potency and duration of fentanyl and meperidine Potency experiments compared ED(50) values in all-or-none dose-response assays between both muscimol (0.25 mg/kg) and saline, and diazepam (1.5 mg/kg) and propylene glycol vehicle. An all-or-none effect was defined as doubling of voltage threshold to elicit a lick/chew evoked response. Duration experiments compared time (minutes) to 50% maximum possible effect (MPE) of an ED(90) dose of fentanyl (0.04 mg/kg) and to 50% and 20% MPE of an ED(98) dose of meperidine (17 mg/kg) 10 minutes after pretreatment with diazepam (1.5 mg/kg). Prior (10 minutes) injection of diazepam (1.5 mg/kg) increased the ED(50) value for meperidine (3.06 mg/kg) compared with its control (1.48 mg/kg), indicating a decrease in antinociceptive potency. The same dose of diazepam decreased the ED(50) value for fentanyl (1.1 MUg/kg) compared with its control (13.1 MUg/kg), indicating an increase in antinociceptive potency. Muscimol also had a similar effect on fentanyl (ED(50), 1.8 MUg/kg) compared with saline control (ED(50), 13.8 MUg/kg). Diazepam, vehicle, and muscimol by themselves had no effect on voltage thresholds to elicit a lick/chew response. Time to 50% MPE for diazepam fentanyl was 38 minutes vs. 25 minutes for vehicle-fetanyl; time to 20% MPE for diazepam-meperidine was 38 minutes vs. 54 minutes for vehicle-meperidine (maximum percentage of MPE produced by diazepam-meperidine was 40% compared with 100% MPE for vehicle-meperidine). Percentages of MPE for diazepam-meperidine were significantly lower than those for vehicle-meperidine at all time intervals, whereas percentages of MPE for diazepam-fentanyl were significantly greater than those for vehicle-fentanyl over time. PMID- 3250279 TI - Drugs used for parenteral sedation in dental practice. AB - The relative efficacy and safety of drugs and combinations used clinically in dentistry as premedicants to alleviate patient apprehension are largely unsubstantiated. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of agents used for parenteral sedation through controlled clinical trials, it is first necessary to identify which drugs, doses, and routes of administration are actually used in practice. A survey instrument was developed to characterize the drugs used clinically for anesthesia and sedation by dentists with advanced training in pain control. A random sample of 500 dentists who frequently use anesthesia and sedation in practice was selected from the Fellows of the American Dental Society of Anesthesiology. The first mailing was followed by a second mailing to nonrespondents after 30 days. The respondents report a variety of parenteral sedation techniques in combination with local anesthesia (the response categories are not mutually exclusive): nitrous oxide (64%), intravenous conscious sedation (59%), intravenous "deep" sedation (47%), and outpatient general anesthesia (27%). Drugs most commonly reported for intravenous sedation include diazepam, methohexital, midazolam, and combinations of these drugs with narcotics. A total of 82 distinct drugs and combinations was reported for intravenous sedation and anesthesia. Oral premedication and intramuscular sedation are rarely used by this group. Most general anesthesia reported is done on an outpatient basis in private practice. These results indicate that a wide variety of drugs is employed for parenteral sedation in dental practice, but the most common practice among dentists with advanced training in anesthesia is local anesthesia supplemented with intravenous sedation consisting of a benzodiazepine and an opioid or a barbiturate. PMID- 3250280 TI - Survey of anesthetic choice among Fellows of the American Dental Society of Anesthesiology. AB - Two hundred and fifty Fellows of the American Dental Society of Anesthesiology were surveyed concerning their personal preference of anesthetic technique, regional versus general anesthesia, through the use of two scenarios. Those surveyed preferred regional anesthesia as opposed to general anesthesia in both emergency and elective scenarios. These results are consistent with similar studies of anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists, although these groups demonstrated an even greater bias toward regional anesthetic techniques. PMID- 3250282 TI - Do snake venom cytotoxins exhibit amphiphilicity? AB - It is suggested, on the basis of the structural information available from the literature, that the molecules of cobramine B and homologous cytotoxins, in contrast to snake venom neurotoxins, are amphiphilic in the sense that they are composed of a predominantly hydrophobic multi-stranded beta-sheet and other regions sharply hydrophilic. It is possible that the direct lytic activity of snake venom cytotoxins is due, at least in part, to their amphiphathy. PMID- 3250281 TI - Typical and atypical presentation of malignant hyperpyrexia in nonwhite patients. AB - Two cases are presented of malignant hyperthermia in black patients. One patient developed signs of malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia that was successfully treated with dantrolene sodium and cooling. A second patient was retrospectively diagnosed as having an atypical variant of malignant hyperthermia secondary to heat stroke and general anesthesia; this patient subsequently died. These cases illustrate that malignant hyperthermia can occur in blacks despite the very low incidence of this syndrome in nonwhite patients. PMID- 3250283 TI - [17th Spanish Congress of Pediatrics. Zaragoza, 21-24 September 1988. Proceedings]. PMID- 3250284 TI - [Duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3250285 TI - [Colorectal polyposis]. PMID- 3250286 TI - [Transparietohepatic cholangiography in children]. PMID- 3250287 TI - [Unusual aspects of bone dysplasias]. PMID- 3250288 TI - [Pediatrician-diabetologist relationship for an appropriate control]. PMID- 3250289 TI - [Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis]. PMID- 3250290 TI - [National program of prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 3250291 TI - [Cytogenetic prenatal diagnosis: results]. PMID- 3250292 TI - [Pediatric practice at the university hospital]. PMID- 3250293 TI - [Accidents in children: 10 years of prevention and control]. PMID- 3250294 TI - [Epidemiology of accidents in children: current data and perspectives]. PMID- 3250295 TI - [Accidents in children and hospital care]. PMID- 3250296 TI - [Updating vaccination schedules in public health]. PMID- 3250298 TI - [Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in children]. PMID- 3250297 TI - [Neuroepidemiology of epilepsies]. PMID- 3250299 TI - [Epidemiology of infectious diseases of the nervous system in children below 7 years of age in the autonomous community of Murcia]. PMID- 3250300 TI - [Endosclerosis of esophageal varices in children]. PMID- 3250301 TI - [Gastric ulcer]. PMID- 3250302 TI - [Gastric lesions caused by caustic agents]. PMID- 3250303 TI - [Moral judgment and prediction of criminality. Comparative study of delinquents and non-delinquents]. AB - A group of imprisoned criminals was compared to two groups of not-criminals with regard to five modes of judgment (profile of judgment) measured by Baruk's Tsedek test. The delinquents use more self-interest judgment, social judgment and absence of judgment that the whole of the not-delinquents (significantly different). They more often use the mode of moral judgment than the not delinquents of the control group (general population) but less often than the not delinquents of the comparative group (subjects of high educational level and religious for more than half of them). From the profile of judgment obtained for each group, a formula of prediction of tendency to crime was elaborated. It makes it possible to classify with rather good reliability the persons tested in the category of criminals or not-criminals. PMID- 3250304 TI - [P. Janet's concept of the notion of time]. AB - The authors primarily show how P. Janet, influenced by Bergson, describes the evolution of the human mind, its complexities and progressive hierarchies, from the reflex arc to the differed arc which allows the emergence of feelings. The notion of time is late, it enters in the groups of feelings. It is interior, subjective and to its study succeeds the analysis of the concept of presence, absence, strain, memory which is for P. Janet essentially prospective, its essential act is narration. The notion of lived time is studied: in: the neurotics whose horror of the present is put forward, the depressed; in: melancholia of waiting where time does not fly, mania through the "delighted ones" and the "restless ones", the delirious. PMID- 3250305 TI - [Social mutations and familial psychopathology]. PMID- 3250306 TI - [Suicide and attempted suicide by throwing oneself from a high place]. PMID- 3250307 TI - ["Fractal" forms and developments in mental disorders]. PMID- 3250308 TI - [Obsessive personality and criminality]. PMID- 3250309 TI - [Alcoholism in Champagne]. PMID- 3250310 TI - [Value of ether extraction in realizing a limit test of oxalic acid in ascorbic acid-based drugs]. PMID- 3250311 TI - [Effect of alpha and beta-blockaders on the anti-inflammatory effects of adrenaline and an adrenaline and theophylline combination]. PMID- 3250312 TI - [Relation of conformation and antalgic activity of 2-aryl dihydrothienocoumarins]. PMID- 3250313 TI - XIVth Nordic Hypertension Meeting. August 25-28, 1988. Haikko, Finland. Proceedings. PMID- 3250314 TI - Can differences in cerebral and coronary autoregulation and O2-extraction explain why antihypertensive treatment prevents stroke but not myocardial infarction? AB - It is proposed that the failure of current antihypertensive treatment to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease in patients with hypertension is due to severe, possibly irreversible restriction of coronary vascular reserve in the deeper layers of the left ventricle. Contrary to the heart, the brain can maintain a normal oxidative metabolism when the blood pressure is lowered, by extracting more oxygen from the blood. The brain is thus better suited than the heart to take advantage of the beneficial effect of antihypertensive treatment in terms of protection against hypertensive organ damage. This hypothesis is supported by studies of cerebral and coronary autoregulation and the J-shaped relation between death from myocardial infarction and treated diastolic blood pressure now reported from a number of studies. PMID- 3250316 TI - Hemodynamics in essential hypertension at rest and during exercise--a 20-year follow-up study. AB - In connection with a mass screening of the Bergen population 93 patients with essential hypertension and 48 normotensive controls were studied in 1965-66. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded intraarterially, cardiac output (CO), by dilution method, heart rate (HR) by ECG and oxygen consumption (VO2) by Douglas bag/Scholander technique. Studies were performed during rest and 50, 100 and 150 watt steady state exercise. The most important initial findings were: Although CO and HR were higher in the youngest hypertensive group (17-29 yrs) than in normotensive age matched controls VO2 was also increased and no true luxury perfusion was demonstrated. Exercise stroke index (SI) did not increase to the same level as in normotensives and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) during exercise was increased. Cross-sectional data showed a reduction in SI and CI and an increase in TPRI with increasing age - at rest as well as during exercise. 10-year follow-up: 28 subjects initially below 40 years were completely untreated. During the first 10 years there was a fall in CI and SI of approximately 15% and TPRI increased by 20%. The same changes were seen at rest as well as during exercise. Resting blood pressure was practically unchanged. Nearly all patients greater than 40 yrs were treated. 20-year follow-up: Between the 10 year and 20 year follow-up DAP rose to 100 mmHg or more in most of the subjects less than 40 yrs and treatment had to be started. Generally diuretics, betablockers or a combination of the 2 were used. Before the 20 year follow-up, treatment was withdrawn for 2 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3250315 TI - Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of five calcium channel blockers at rest and during exercise in essential hypertension. AB - Dihydropyridine and verapamil-like calcium channel blockers reduce blood pressure (BP) in essential hypertension (EH) but have different effects on heart rate (HR) at rest. This study compares the HR and hemodynamic responses to exercise of long term treatment with nifedipine, nisoldipine, verapamil, tiapamil and diltiazem in five groups of patients with mild and moderate EH (diastolic BP ranging 100-120 mmHg). In a total of 76 patients (mean age 43 years) BP was measured intraarterially, cardiac output by dye dilution (Cardiogreen) and HR by electrocardiogram. Acutely HR and cardiac index (CI) rose (9 and 12%) while BP and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) were reduced (9 and 19%). After one year calcium channel blockade intraarterial pressure at rest sitting fell from 172/105 to 150/91 mmHg (13%) and at 100 W exercise from 205/109 to 188/97 mmHg (10%). HR remained unchanged in the dihydropyridine groups (range +/- 3%) in all situations while it invariably fell (range 3 to 15%) in the groups treated with verapamil-like calcium blockers. The fall in HR was greater during exercise than at rest (mean 10% vs 6%). With these drugs stroke volume (SV) tended to increase (range 1 to 10%) while it remained unchanged in the dihydropyridine groups. Only minor changes were seen in CO. In all groups the TPRI fell, averaging 15% at rest and during exercise. Thus, the verapamil-like calcium blockers induce a negative chronotropic effect that is enhanced during work, but the cardiac pump function is preserved by a compensatory increase in SI. Independent on the cardiac responses both groups of calcium blockers lower BP by peripheral vasodilatation both at rest and during exercise. PMID- 3250317 TI - No difference in general well-being during antihypertensive treatment with atenolol or metoprolol CR. AB - Atenolol and metoprolol are the two most widely used beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonists in the treatment of essential hypertension. Differences in their physico-chemical properties have been the basis of a number of clinical studies whose primary or secondary objective has been to compare subjective well-being during treatment with these beta-selective blockers. The results are, however, contradictory, mainly due to factors such as open study design, different dose regimens and dissimilar study populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare subjective well-being during treatment with atenolol (50 mg o.d.) and metoprolol CR (100 mg o.d.) in a randomized double-blind, cross-over study (2 x 6 weeks) in hypertensives not previously treated with either of the drugs studied. Two self-administered questionnaires (MSE-profile and Jern quality of life questionnaire) were filled in both before randomization and before follow up visits at 1, 3 and 6 weeks in each treatment period. Furthermore, subjective symptoms, blood pressure and heart rate were monitored. At the end of the study, patients were requested to state what treatment they preferred. Atenolol and metoprolol CR were found to be equally effective in reducing blood pressure (from 159/98 to 144/87 and 144/88 mm Hg, respectively, n = 74). The MSE-profile and the Jern quality of life questionnaire could not detect any differences between the two treatments as regards general well-being. Other subjective symptoms (e.g. diarrhoea, bradycardia, cold hands and feet) were uncommon and equally distributed among atenolol and metoprolol patients. 31 of the patients preferred metoprolol CR, 23 atenolol, while 20 had no preference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3250318 TI - Does the biorhythm of morningness or eveningness predict the arterial blood pressure level? AB - With the aid of a special questionnaire 16 healthy persons were divided to morning or evening types of personalities. Their arterial blood pressure was registered ambulatorily for 24 hours in order to elucidate the difference of blood pressure reactions between the groups. The average maximum blood pressure occurred 3.5 hours later in evening types than in morning types. Individually there were very small differences and it seems that the blood pressure level is more affected by physical activity than by morningness or eveningness. PMID- 3250319 TI - Effects of sodium restriction and energy reduction on erythrocyte sodium transport in obese hypertensive men. AB - Twelve moderately obese middle-aged male out-patients with untreated mild hypertension reduced their sodium intake by about 120 mmol/day during 4-6 weeks. The low sodium diet period was followed by a period of energy reduction as well as sodium restriction for 15 weeks. Mean body mass was then reduced by 7.5 +/- 1.0 kg. Intraerythrocyte sodium (IeNa), sodium influx (Na-influx) and sodium efflux rate constant (Na-efflux rate), were measured before intervention, during salt restriction and during salt and energy restriction. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary excretion of aldosterone (U-Aldo) and noradrenaline (U-NA) were also determined during the three observation periods. During sodium restriction there was a significant increase in PRA and U-Aldo, but no change was seen in IeNa, Na-influx or Na-efflux rate constant. During sodium restriction there was a significant positive correlation between PRA and both Na-influx and Na-efflux rate constant. When energy reduction was combined with sodium restriction, PRA and U-NA both diminished significantly. Na-influx and Na-efflux rate also exhibited a significant decrease while IeNa did not change. Sodium restriction caused a significant fall in mean arterial blood pressure and a tendency to a further decrease was seen when energy intake was also reduced. No significant correlation could be found between the fall in blood pressure and changes in cellular sodium transport. These data indicate that the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and sympathetic activity influence the regulation of erythrocyte sodium turnover during sodium and energy restriction in obese hypertensive men. PMID- 3250320 TI - Physical fitness, physical activity and blood pressure in children. AB - In numerous studies the relationship between physical fitness, physical activity and blood pressure have been evaluated. However, only a minority of the reported studies are controlled. This report gives a review of cross-sectional studies in children and longitudinal dynamic training studies in young adults below the age of thirty dealing with physical fitness/physical activity and blood pressure. PMID- 3250321 TI - Left ventricular wall mass and wall thickness in insulin dependent diabetic patients without clinical signs of ischaemic heart disease. AB - Left ventricular wall mass and thickness were investigated by echocardiography in 80 insulin dependent diabetic patients with no signs of ischaemic heart disease and in 40 healthy controls. In diabetics with duration of disease greater than 30 years, with urinary albumin excretion rate greater than 200 micrograms/min (clinical nephropathy), with proliferative retinopathy or with autonomic neuropathy both the posterior wall thickness and the septal thickness were increased compared to controls. The posterior wall thickness and the septal thickness were positively correlated to blood pressure (p less than 0.001), duration of disease (p less than 0.001), urinary albumin excretion rate (p less than 0.001) and negatively correlated to the heart rate variation during deep respiration (p less than 0.01). The left ventricular wall mass was correlated to both blood pressure (p less than 0.01) and to urinary albumin excretion rate (p less than 0.01). By multiple regression analysis urinary albumin excretion rate, duration of disease and heart rate variation during deep respiration did not add significantly to the correlation between left ventricular wall mass/wall thickness and blood pressure. In conclusion, left ventricular wall thickness and wall mass were related to blood pressure in insulin dependent diabetics. PMID- 3250323 TI - A longitudinal study of serum ferritin concentration during the female adolescent growth spurt. AB - An 8-year longitudinal study of changes in serum ferritin concentration has been carried out with additional measurements of haemoglobin and serum iron in 39 schoolgirls aged 10 years at entry to the study. This laboratory data was analysed in relation to menarche and stature. The mean serum ferritin concentration declined significantly due to the occurrence of menarch, rather than to a growth spurt and showed the lowest level at the third year after menarche. Thereafter, it increased again. The prevalence of schoolgirls with latent iron deficiency, defined by a low serum ferritin concentration, normal haemoglobin and normal serum iron concentration, also increased after menarche, and reached its highest level (71.8%) at the third year after menarche. Although haemoglobin and iron concentration declined after menarche, these changes were not statistically significant except for haemoglobin at the second year after menarche. These findings show that serum ferritin concentration is a sensitive variable, and indicates that latent iron deficiency follows menarche rather than an increase in height velocity in adolescence. PMID- 3250322 TI - Migration pattern and genetic marker distribution of the Afro-American population of Bluefields, Nicaragua. AB - On a sample of the population of mixed African ancestry living in Bluefields, Nicaragua, the pattern of migration and the distribution of red cell and serum genetic markers have been studied. It is concluded that, in spite of a considerable level of internal and external migration, a distinctive genetic structure is maintained by the population. Moreover, a strongly negative assortative mating can be observed between people inhabiting the western and eastern areas of Nicaragua. It is estimated that most, if not all, of the genetic pool of the population is accounted for by a process of admixture between African and Indian peoples. PMID- 3250324 TI - Age at menarche in relation to adult body size and physique. AB - The relationship of early and late menarche with adult body dimensions has been studied on a sample of 147 young adult women drawn from an urban Punjabi population of Chandigarh and Ludhiana. The results indicate that girls with early menarche (age 10 to 11) have significantly smaller skeletal dimensions (both longitudinal and transverse) and more subcutaneous fat than those with average or late menarche. The girls with late menarche have on average more height for weight than early maturers. Results indicate that there is a biological determinant of the observed association between menarcheal age and fatness and adult body size. PMID- 3250325 TI - Bedtimes and family size in English schoolchildren. AB - Data from a survey of 3727 14-year-old children from 31 secondary schools in England in 1984-85 were analysed to obtain information about bedtimes and sleep duration in relation to the number of children in the family. Subjects completed a questionnaire, anonymously, in class. The modal bedtime was 22 30 and the modal time spent in bed was 9 h. Males went to bed later than females (P less than 0.05) but there was no significant difference between the sexes in the time they spent in bed. As the number of siblings increased bedtimes became later (P less than 0.05) and the time spent in bed markedly decreased (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that young adolescents from large families (4 or more children) may be more at risk from inadequate sleep than those in smaller families. PMID- 3250326 TI - Mixed longitudinal studies: their efficiency for the estimation of trends over time. AB - Mixed longitudinal studies may be employed for the estimation of trends over time because they give more comparable data than a series of cross-sectional studies, or because of multiple objectives. The estimation of trends from such studies is an example of their use for a cross-sectional rather than longitudinal objective, for which the appropriate analysis is different from that usually described for the analysis of longitudinal data. The efficiency of mixed longitudinal studies for measuring trends in measurements, such as height and weight relative to a comparable series of cross-sectional studies, is calculated for various designs, percentage follow-up and correlation between measurements on the same subjects. The relative efficiency was over 0.8 for most designs and sometimes greater than 1.0. It generally decreased as the number of surveys increased, but increased as the difference between age groups studied increased. PMID- 3250328 TI - Bkm sequences from the human X chromosome contain large clusters of GATA/GACA repeats. AB - In order to determine whether the regional localizations of Bkm repeats detected on the human X chromosome consisted of typical GATA/GACA repeats, clones were isolated, mapped, and sequenced. Nine Bkm-hybridizing clones from Kunkel's fluorescent-activated, cell-sorted X-chromosome library were all unique. Five were mapped in detail with restriction enzymes and the Bkm-hybridizing segments were localized. Confirmation of X chromosomal homology was obtained for 2 of the clones and Bkm segments from these 2 clones were sequenced. Seventeen contiguous GATA repeats were found in each clone and the overall repeat arrangement showed relatively few differences from previously sequenced Bkm sequences. These are the first sequences of human Bkm repeats. The results, when compared with previously published results, suggest that there may be significant differences between the organization of Bkm repeats on the human X and on the human Y chromosome. PMID- 3250327 TI - Consanguinity, twinning and secondary sex ratio in the population of Karnataka, south India. AB - Consanguineous marriages are strongly favoured in the state of Karnataka. Of 65,492 marriages studied 33.07% were consanguineous, equivalent to a coefficient of inbreeding (F) of 0.0298. The twinning rate was low, 6.9 per thousand, whereas the secondary sex ratio, 0.5221, was higher than in comparable major human populations. Consanguinity exerted no significant effect on either parameter. The results also indicate that consanguinity is not associated with excess antenatal losses and suggest the possibility of enhanced selection against mutations at X chromosome loci. PMID- 3250329 TI - Genetic polymorphisms of the Pmo1 and Pmo2 salivary proteins detected by the modified protein staining method. AB - Two polymorphic proteins, Pmo1 and Pmo2, were found in human parotid saliva by modifying the protein staining method of Sung & Smithies (1969). The inheritance of each polymorphism was controlled by a dominant allele at an autosomal locus. This hypothesis was supported by studies in 50 families including 103 children. The gene frequencies were Pmo1+ = 0.308, Pmo1- = 0.692, Pmo2+ = 0.026, Pmo2- = 0.974. The Pmo1 and Pmo2 proteins reacted immunologically with antisera prepared to salivary proline-rich proteins (Pr and Gl). The isoelectric point was in excess of 8.58. These results showed that the Pmo1 and Pmo2 proteins belong to the basic proline-rich proteins in human parotid saliva. PMID- 3250330 TI - Inheritance and linkage data for an unusual combination of genes (at the LKE, PI and C6 loci) in a single large sibship. AB - Analysis of the groups of a large sibship showed that the locus for the blood group LKE is not closely linked to the loci for MNS, Rh, HLA, Pi, Gm and C6 and is genetically independent of the loci for P1, K, Xg, Au, secretor, and C3. The locus for the Auberger (Au) blood group was shown to be genetically independent of the locus for the blood group Kell and of the loci for C3, C6, Gc, HLA, Pi and Gm groups. PMID- 3250331 TI - Diversity of some gene frequencies in European and Asian populations. IV. Genetic population structure assessed by the variogram. AB - Isolation-by-distance models of population structure predict an exponential decrease of genetic relatedness with distance. Under the Kimura-Weiss (1964) model the plots of gene frequency variance versus distance (variograms), computed at various loci, are expected to have equal slope and reach a common asymptote. The gene frequency distributions at eight loci in 192 European and Asian populations have been summarized by variograms. On the average, the Kimura-Weiss model seems to describe adequately allele frequency change up to 900 km, but gradients are apparent at greater distances for most markers studied. These patterns may result form either differential selection or long-range gene flow; however, the extensive clinal variation observed for glyoxalase, esterase D and 6 PGD cannot be entirely accounted for by the Neolithic radiation of early farmers in the Middle East and Europe. PMID- 3250332 TI - Detection of linkage between a quantitative trait and a marker locus by the lod score method: sample size and sampling considerations. AB - A simulation study is here conducted to measure the power of the lod score method to detect linkage between a quantitative trait and a marker locus in various situations. The number of families necessary to detect such linkage with 80% power is assessed for different sets of parameters at the trait locus and different values of the recombination fraction. The effects of varying the mode of sampling families and the sibship size are also evaluated. PMID- 3250333 TI - Mechanism of inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AB - Glycyrrhizin (GL) achieved a dose-dependent inhibition of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in MOLT-4 (clone No. 8) cells within the concentration range of 0.075 to 0.6 mM. Within this concentration range, GL also effected a dose-dependent reduction in the protein kinase C (PKC) activity of MOLT-4 (clone No. 8) cells. A well-known PKC inhibitor, 1-(5 isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride (H-7), also proved inhibitory to HIV-1 replication in MOLT-4 (clone No. 8) cells. PKC inhibition may thus be considered as one of the mechanisms by which GL inhibits HIV-1 replication. In addition, GL may also owe its anti-HIV-1 activity, at least in part, to an interference with virus-cell binding, since the compound at 1.2 mM partially inhibited the adsorption of radiolabeled HIV-1 particles to MT-4 cells. At this concentration GL also suppressed giant cell formation induced by co culturing MOLT-4 (clone No. 8) cells with MOLT-4/HTLV-IIIB cells, whereas the PKC inhibitor H-7 failed to do so. PMID- 3250334 TI - Starch-based conditioned flavor preferences in rats: influence of taste, calories and CS-US delay. AB - Six experiments examined the rat's preference for flavors associated with hydrolysed starch (Polycose) solutions. Hungry rats developed a preference for a flavor (CS+) mixed into a saccharin-sweetened 16% Polycose solution over a flavor (CS-) mixed in saccharin-water. The addition of acarbose, a drug which inhibits starch digestion, to the Polycose solution blocked the flavor preference. This finding indicates that it is the postingestive rather than the taste properties of Polycose that condition flavor preferences. Rats also developed a preference for a CS+ flavor that preceded the ingestion of a Polycose solution by 10 min. This flavor conditioning, however, was not obtained in all experiments. Some CS flavors may be more effective than others in producing conditioned flavor preferences over a delay. Preference conditioning over a delay was facilitated when the rats had previously learned that the taste of the US (Polycose) was not associated with rapid caloric repletion; this was accomplished by giving the rats prior exposure to a Polycose + acarbose solution. Rats with such pre-exposure learned to prefer a CS + flavor that preceded by 10 to 60 min the consumption of a Polycose solution (without acarbose). The results demonstrate that calorie based flavor preferences can be conditioned over a delay, but conditioning is influenced by the nature of the CS and US stimuli used. PMID- 3250335 TI - Differential effect of d-fenfluramine and metergoline on food intake in human subjects. AB - This study investigated the effect of the 5-HT receptor blocker metergoline (MTG) on d-fenfluramine (d-FF)-induced reduction of food intake in 13 normal male human volunteer subjects. Food was freely available for 2h, 4h after drug administration, from a four-channel automated food dispenser. d-FF (30 mg) reduced total food intake and exerted a marked effect on non-sweet food which was attenuated by the addition of MTG (4 mg). d-FF had less effect on sweet-tasting food while intake of sweet food was significantly increased by MTG. There was a significant interaction between d-FF and MTG on sweet-tasting foods. No effect on MTG was observed on d-FF-induced changes in ratings of hunger. PMID- 3250336 TI - Analysis of lick rate measures the positive and negative feedback effects of carbohydrates on eating. AB - Previous work has shown that measuring the rate of ingestion of liquid diets, rather than simply volume, reveals important features of ingestive behavior which can help to explain why a particular volume of a liquid is ingested. This study is an extension of that work to a variety of different test solutions. In this study the rate of ingestion of saccharin, two different concentrations of glucose and sucrose and their mixtures with saccharin and seven different concentrations of maltose were measured. The rate functions were fit by the least-squares method to a linear function to determine the intercepts and slope constants. Analysis of how these two parameters changed with the concentration and composition of the test solutions confirms, using different test solutions, a previously reported conclusion that the initial rate of ingestion (the intercept) measures palatability and that the slope constant is a measure of the rate of development of a negative feedback satiety signal. PMID- 3250337 TI - Some concepts of the interaction of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense and Glossina pallidipes. AB - Light and electron microscope investigations were carried out on the infection with Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense of laboratory-reared tsetse flies Glossina pallidipes. Trypanosomes became entombed in the peritrophic membrane (PM) to form intraperitrophic cavities which were more electron-translucent than the amorphous layer of the PM. A hypothesis is suggested that after migration anteriorly in the ectoperitrophic space, the trypanosomes become enmeshed in the PM during its formation in the proventriculus, and that the trypanosomes are extricated in the midgut as the PM advances towards the posterior end of the gut. PMID- 3250338 TI - The evidence for predisposition to trichuriasis in humans: comparison of institutional and community studies. AB - This article compares the results of two studies of Trichuris trichiura infection, one conducted in a children's home and the other in a village. In both, the intensity of infection of a cohort of children was determined by antihelminthic expulsion initially, and again after a period of re-infection. The cohort of village children showed a predisposition to a particular intensity of infection. An individual with a heavy infection initially was likely to re acquire a heavier than average worm burden. No such correlation was observed for the cohort of institutionalized children. It is suggested that the causation of predisposition is multifactorial, and that the contrasting results of the two studies may be due in part to differing levels of heterogeneity in exposure to infection, the village children being exposed to dissimilar domestic environments and the institutionalized children to only one. PMID- 3250339 TI - Lipid composition of serum lipoprotein in opisthorchiasis. AB - Lipid composition (i.e. total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglycerides and phospholipids) in the individual serum lipoprotein fractions (i.e. high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein) were studied in 24 healthy controls and 18 opisthorchiasis patients admitted to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine. The two groups were similar in age range, sex ration and anthropometric data. Other background data such as blood pressure and alcohol consumption, were also similar in the two groups. All the patients had the habit of eating raw or half-cooked fish. Abnormalities of high-density lipoprotein content in the opisthorchiasis group showed as low cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations but with high triglyceride concentrations. These may result from disturbance of the synthesis of nascent disk high-density lipoprotein or the removal of lipid content in lipoproteins. PMID- 3250340 TI - Serological screening for hydatidosis in households of surgical cases in central Tunisia. AB - Household members of surgical cases of hydatidosis were screened for the disease in two high-risk districts in Central Tunisia. Seventy-four index cases were identified from the 1980-1984 surgical records of Sousse University Hospital. Household members over five years of age were tested by ELISA, and if positive by counterelectrophoresis (CEP) for detection of band 5. Positive subjects underwent a chest X-ray and echotomography (ECT). Eight of the 355 household members (2.2%) living in four different houses were serologically positive. All eight had a normal chest X-ray; a hepatic cyst was detected in seven of them. Five of the seven subjects in whom a cyst was diagnosed lived in two neighbouring houses (19 household members from the same family). Among these 19 subjects, six had been previously operated on for hydatidosis (cumulative rate: 11/19). The comparisons of these results with results obtained through community-based screening in the same area suggest that households members of patients are not at particularly high risk of hydatidosis. PMID- 3250342 TI - Host immune responsiveness to the chigger, Eutrombicula cinnabaris. AB - Chigger infestation is often associated with severe cutaneous reactions. Mice were given four infestations with the pest chigger Eutrombicula cinnabaris, and each exposure was separated by a 14-day mite-free period. Mean duration of engorgement was nine to ten days for a first exposure and four to five days for a fourth exposure. An initial exposure did not elicit macroscopic changes at chigger attachment sites, while all third and fourth exposure animals had marked reactions consisting of erythema, epidermal thickening and serous exudation. Approximately 20% of second exposure animals had macroscopic changes at chigger feeding sites, but these reactions were much less intense than the responses of third and fourth infestation hosts. Third and fourth exposure animals had infiltrates of lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils at attachment sites, with eosinophil influx the most intense. Cutaneous reactivity to chigger feeding was adoptively transferred with lymphocytes from fourth exposure animals. Passive transfer of serum from fourth infestation donors resulted in heightened reactivity to a challenge infestation. Skin testing, after a fourth infestation, with an extract of whole E. cinnabaris larvae provided evidence for Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity responses to chigger antigens. Chigger-reactive homocytotropic antibody was not detected by skin testing and active cutaneous anaphylaxis. PMID- 3250341 TI - Brucellar sternoclavicular arthritis, the forgotten complication. AB - Of 511 cases of brucellosis studied between December 1983 and February 1986, four (0.8%) had sternoclavicular (STCL) arthritis. Two were male and two female, and only one was younger than 50 years old. All four cases had significantly high specific IgG antibody titres (1 of 1280), measured by the indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) test, and two had Brucella melitensis isolated from their blood. In two cases, STCL arthritis was the presenting problem, and it was associated in one with ankle arthritis, hepatitis, renal impairment, orogenital ulcers and a haematological picture of myelodysplasia; in the other it was a relapsing STCL arthritis. In the remaining two cases, STCL arthritis was part of an extensive osteoarticular disease, which was associated in one with cachexia, liver cirrhosis, heart failure and prostatitis with urine retention, and in the other with severe thrombocytopenia. Excellent results were obtained from six to eight weeks' therapy with streptomycin, rifampicin and cotrimoxazole or tetracycline. PMID- 3250343 TI - Standardization of a filter-paper technique for blood sampling. AB - Blood sampling on filter paper has many potential advantages compared to sampling by venepuncture. However, the method is poorly standardized, and some variables affecting its usefulness were therefore explored; different filter papers were compared and an optimal elution procedure was determined. The quantity of eluted IgG, IgM and IgA was determined by single radial diffusion, and antibody activity was determined in an enzyme immunoassay. Comparison to serum titres was facilitated by calculation of the dilution factor. Filter papers containing drops of whole blood from a Swedish patient with Schistosoma mansoni infection were stored at different temperatures over different periods of time. Antibodies of different classes could be extracted and antibody activity demonstrated after up to 30 weeks of storage. The reproducibility of the technique was good, and comparison to serum titres can easily be calculated. PMID- 3250345 TI - Preliminary trial of a new polyspecific antivenom in Nigeria. PMID- 3250344 TI - A filter-paper technique for the detection of IgG and IgM class schistosome specific antibodies in an endemic area. PMID- 3250346 TI - Passive dispersal of Bulinus globosus. PMID- 3250347 TI - A method for long-term storage of living blackflies at 4 degrees C. PMID- 3250348 TI - [Comparative study of the growth of Trichoderma reesei and Penicillium occitanie]. AB - During the last years, a great deal of research on the production of energetic substances was directed to the use of cellulosic by-products. A technique of special interest is the production of fermentissible sugars by the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Mandels and Reese (1960) showed that a fungi strain of Trichoderma reesei is the best performant microorganism in the production of cellulolytic enzymes. Nevertheless, recent investigation indicated that the rate and the yield of conversion of cellulose to glucose of this strain are limited by its poor beta-glucosidase activity. In order to increase the efficiency of the hydrolytic power of the cellulasic complex two approaches can be considered. Beta glucosidase enrichment of Trichoderma reesei enzymes. The selection and use of strains with a better performance. In our laboratory, we chose the second approach using Penicillium occitanie comparing it to Trichoderma reesei. PMID- 3250350 TI - Piroxicam in the treatment of immunologic, experimental inflammation of the anterior part of the eyeball. AB - The efficacy of piroxicam was tested on the model of immunologic, experimental inflammation of the uveal tract. The inflammation of the anterior part of the eyeball was provoked in rabbits by the method of Bocke. Intensity of choroiditis was evaluated after second administration of homologous antigen. The preparation investigated was given in the doses 5 and 15 mg/kg; behavior of the inflammatory indices was observed in the aqueous humor (protein, seromucoid, sialic acid, proteolytic activity, PGE2). Additionally, the changes within the anterior chamber and the iris were examined biomicroscopically. It was observed that relatively to the doses applied, piroxicam suppressed the intensity of inflammation evaluated by both biochemical as well as biomicroscopic indices. A substantial fall in the level of protein, seromucoid and sialic acid was reported in the aqueous humor; proteolytic activity as well as PGE2 normally absent under physiological conditions, were observed to subside. Biomicroscopically, piroxicam suppressed protein, precipitating exudate and decreased the number of morphotic elements in the aqueous humor. Moreover, it reduced the intensity of hyperemia of the iris and caused the pupilary dilatation. The results in this report demonstrate that piroxicam as nonsteroid, antiinflammatory drug of the prolonged activity, may be successfully used as an ophthalmic preparation substituting the steroid drugs. PMID- 3250349 TI - [Study of the variations in level of fecal contamination of waste water treated at the Charguia purification plant]. AB - The quantitative study of bacterian contamination and its variations versus time has been investigated in waste water treated at Charguia sewage treatment plant. In this work we have described the daily and seasonal variations of faecal contamination test germs. The study of daily variations shows that the station entrence numbers of germs may show rapid but not great changes. In the study of seasonal variations, the autumn-spring comparison alone has proved important variations. PMID- 3250351 TI - Immunotropic compounds. Structure and biological activity of L-cysteine and 1,3 thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives. AB - Biological activity of the several immunosuppressive agents have been investigated in the group of the synthetic L-cysteine and 1,3-thiazolidine-4 carboxylic acid derivatives. The influence of different substituents on the pharmacological activity is discussed. PMID- 3250352 TI - N-ethylmaleimide differentially affects adenosine and thymidine uptake by rat thymocytes. AB - The involvement of membrane sulfhydryl groups in the uptake of adenosine and thymidine was examined in rat thymocytes pretreated with 6,6'-dithiodinicotinic acid (CPDS) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). CPDS, which is known to react uniquely with external membrane sulfhydryls, under short incubation conditions, did not significantly affect the uptake of adenosine and thymidine. Formation of cAMP in nonstimulated and adenosine-stimulated cells was also unaltered by CPDS. However, inhibition of adenosine uptake by competitive inhibitor, dipyridamole, was significantly stronger when the cells were pretreated with CPDS. Preincubation of cells with NEM showed differential sensitivity of adenosine and thymidine uptake, depending on concentration of this sulfhydryl alkylating agent. The results suggest the involvement of NEM-accessible sulfhydryls in membrane transport of adenosine and thymidine. Dual effect of NEM on nucleoside transport may be related to the complexity of nucleoside carrier(s) or to the existence of different nucleoside carriers within thymocyte membranes. On the other hand, the easily accessible, external membrane -SH groups which can be blocked with CPDS, are not essential in thymocyte nucleoside transport but they appear to be situated at a site which interacts with the membrane transport system of nucleoside. PMID- 3250353 TI - Inhibition of postpyrogenic increase of phagocytic and killing activity of neutrophils by nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs. AB - Acetylsalicylic acid (300 mg/kg), mefenamic acid (30 mg/kg) or indomethacin (20 mg/kg) given orally in the doses preventing the postpyrogenic fever, inhibited the stimulatory effect of LPS on phagocytic and killing activity of neutrophils. The dose of acetylsalicylic acid that did not eliminate fever in rabbits (100 mg/kg), had no suppressive effect upon fever-stimulated killing activity of neutrophils. The drugs administered twice a day to normothermic animals did not evoke any suppressive changes in the activity of neutrophils. PMID- 3250354 TI - Study on pinocytosis and antigen presentation by murine peritoneal macrophages to T cells in vitro after cisplatin treatment. AB - Macrophage monolayers showed significantly increased rate of pinocytosis on incubation with cisplatin (10 micrograms/ml). Further, the rate of pinocytosis was compared with macrophages treated with LPS (10 micrograms/ml). Cisplatin treated macrophages also showed enhanced capacity of antigen presentation to T cells in vitro. The antigen presenting capacity of cisplatin treated macrophages was compared with the antigen presenting capacity to LPS treated macrophages. PMID- 3250355 TI - Transplantable mouse 16/C mammary adenocarcinoma as a model in experimental cancer therapy. I. Kinetics of growth and spread. AB - Introduction of transplantable animal tumours has enabled the development of different model systems in which the site and type of tumour growth depends on the selection of suitable route for cells inoculation. Manipulation of the inoculation route of 16/C mammary adenocarcinoma results in local tumour growth either subcutaneous (s.c.), intramuscular (i.m.), intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intrasplenical (i.spl.) and development of metastases in lungs, lymph nodes, and liver. Exponential model of s.c. growth of the tumour was estimated and doubling time value calculated (3, 64 days). Correlation between the presence of tumour cells in lungs and advancement of s.c. growing tumours was found. Usefulness of 16/C adenocarcinoma as a model for experimental therapy is discussed. PMID- 3250356 TI - Immunogenicity of cyclophosphamide-treated tumor cells. AB - The immunogenicity of cyclophosphamide-treated murine tumor cells was tested on syngeneic or semisyngeneic mice. The majority of mice immunized with modified Ehrlich carcinoma cells, L1210 leukemia cells or AA sarcoma cells survived after challenge with a lethal dose of unmodified tumor cells. Plasmacytomas RPC-5 and MOPC 104E were less immunogenic and L-1 sarcoma cells were not immunogenic. PMID- 3250357 TI - Influence of thymus factor (TFX "Polfa") on migration of granulocytes in vivo and in vitro in patients treated for a long time with corticosteroids. AB - The test of leukocyte migration was carried out in vitro and in vivo in 162 patients suffering from chronic bronchitis with bronchospasm, who had been treated with corticosteroids for long time periods. Half of the patients were given TFX "Polfa" besides corticosteroids. TFX was found to have no effect on the leukocyte migration ability in vivo and in vitro. However, a significant improvement was observed in the clinical state of the patients taking TFX. PMID- 3250358 TI - Selected immunological parameters in patients suffering from uveitis subjected to different treatment. AB - Selected immunological parameters were studied in 70 subjects suffering from uveitis. The patients were treated with steroids, non steroid antiinflammatory drugs, and typhoid vaccine. After termination of treatment the following observations were noted: partial disappearance of immune complexes from circulation, increase of T lymphocytes and decrease of B lymphocytes percentage, decrease of IgG, IgM and IgA serum concentration, normalization of acute inflammation parameters (reduction of: ESR, leukocyte count, total protein and seromucoid concentrations; increase of albumin concentration). PMID- 3250359 TI - The antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive activity of HEPIDA-Ca and HEPIDA-Zn complex compounds. AB - The authors investigated the immunological and pharmacological activity of N-/2, 4-dimethylacetanilido/iminodiacetic complex compounds with calcium and zinc (HEPIDA-Ca and HEPIDA-Zn). An antiinflammatory, therapeutic effect of these compounds and also an immunosuppressive action were observed. Both complex compounds inhibited the GvH reaction in rats and attenuated the transplantation barrier. PMID- 3250360 TI - A simple colorimetric method for the measurement of phagocytosis of crystals of low molecular weight compound by macrophages. AB - Sodium salt of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetohydroxamic acid (HCA), a new synthetic compound, forms small crystals in aqueous solutions. These crystals were easily phagocytable by the mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. The ingested HCA crystals were visible under light microscope as dark granules. The counting of cells with the granules allowed the calculation of number of the phagocytic cells in the preparation. It was also possible to measure the amount of ingested HCA by the cells using colorimetric method. The kinetics of phagocytosis of HCA showed that the process was rapid. Quantitative measurements of ingestion of HCA reflected the phagocytic activity of the cultured cells. PMID- 3250361 TI - The effect of vitamin A on some biological properties of type B influenza virus. PMID- 3250363 TI - Endocrine system--sanguine system relationship: antiaggregant activity of the pineal polypeptidic hormone E5 on blood platelets. PMID- 3250362 TI - [Biological traits and immunologic value of the Babes strain of fixed rabies virus]. PMID- 3250364 TI - The experimental cirrhosis--enzymatic changes and influence of Regopar. PMID- 3250365 TI - Behaviour of the typhoid vaccine intradermally administered in association with tetanus unadsorbed vaccine and soluble antigens of vaccinia virus. PMID- 3250366 TI - Studies on residual moisture of freeze-dried biological products. I. Comparative evaluation of some methods for establishing water content of freeze-dried specimens. PMID- 3250367 TI - Studies of anti-Salmonella local resistance, postinfection and after application of inactivated germs. PMID- 3250368 TI - Incidence and role of anaerobic flora in local and systemic infections in childhood. PMID- 3250369 TI - Lysotypes of Salmonella serotype typhi in Romania during 1976-1987. PMID- 3250370 TI - Urinary and faecal excretion of chrysene and chrysene metabolites by rats after oral, intraperitoneal, intratracheal or intrapulmonary application. AB - The urinary and faecal excretion of chrysene and its phenolic metabolites after oral, intraperitoneal, intratracheal, and intrapulmonary administration to rats have been studied by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The metabolite profile was found to depend on the mode of excretion and on the route of administration. In all cases the oxidation of chrysene in the 1,2- or 3,4 position predominates, whereas oxidation in the 5,6-position (K-region) seems be a minor pathway. PMID- 3250371 TI - Evaluation of carcinogenic effect of jute batching oil (JBO-P) fractions following topical application to mouse skin. AB - Jute batching oil (JBO-P), a mineral oil fraction used in the processing of jute fibers, was, as reported in our earlier studies, found to be tumorigenic following repeated topical application to mouse skin. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to identify the carcinogenic constituents of this oil. The JBO was fractionated into (1) PAH free fraction, (2) fraction containing two- and three-ring PAHs and (3) more than three-ring PAH fractions by an enrichment procedure. These three JBO fractions along with unfractionated and reconstituted oil were then subjected to the in vivo assay of complete carcinogenic activity of JBO-P and its fractions following its topical application to mouse skin. The results showed that only unfractionated and reconstituted JBO-P samples per se were able to produce benign skin tumours, while all the other three fractions, i.e. PAH-free fraction, two- and three-ring PAH-containing fraction and more than three-ring PAH-containing fraction failed to produce tumours up to 40 weeks after application. In an extended study, mice belonging to the groups exposed to various fractions of JBO were promoted with 12 O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a potent skin tumour promoter, for the two stage initiation-promotion protocol for skin carcinogenesis. After 14 weeks of promotion with TPA, all the surviving animals exposed to the fraction having more than three-ring PAHs developed benign tumours on their backs, while the other two fractions failed to do so.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3250372 TI - Embryotoxicity induced by alkylating agents: 5. Dose-response relationships of teratogenic effects of methylnitrosourea in mice. AB - The teratogenic potency of the directly acting alkylating agent methylnitrosourea (MNU) was analysed in mice. Skeletal abnormalities were evaluated after treatment on either day 11 or 12 of pregnancy. Ectrodactyly was the predominant effect after treatment on day 11. Treatment on day 12 triggered especially double-sided microdactyly (method of analysis: measuring digit lengths). Litter variabilities were analysed using a new biometrical procedure. Using probit analysis, dose response curves were computed from the experimental data obtained and the effective doses were calculated and compared with maternal toxicity. Low dose extrapolation was performed by use of various mathematical models which yielded very similar ED1/100 and ED1/1000 values. PMID- 3250374 TI - Toxicity and ultrastructural localization of mercuric chloride in cultured murine macrophages. AB - The effects of mercuric chloride on cell survival, phagocytosis and cell migration were examined in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages, and the accumulation of mercuric chloride in the cells was visualized by autometallography and evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Macrophages exposed to mercury concentrations from 1.25 microM to 10 microM mercuric chloride showed a concentration- and time-dependent increase in mercuric chloride accumulation, while cells exposed to 20 microM and 40 microM mercury showed an inverse relationship between mercury concentration and the accumulation of mercury. Mercury concentrations above these levels caused cell necrosis. Electron microscopy revealed that mercury was located primarily within lysosomes but also in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Mercury increased the death rate of macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner when cells were treated with mercury concentrations not causing cell necrosis. Further, we found that mercury clearly impaired macrophage random migration and possibly the capability for phagocytosis. PMID- 3250373 TI - N-alkyl-N-dithiocarboxy-D-glucamine analogs as cadmium antagonists: synthesis and evaluation of the n-propyl, n-butyl, and n-amyl derivatives. AB - N-(n-Propyl)-, N-(n-butyl)-, and N-(n-amyl)-N-dithiocarboxy-D-glucamine were newly synthesized by (a) addition of each n-alkylamine to glucose, (b) high pressure catalytic reduction of each glucosamine thus formed to the corresponding glucamine, and (c) reaction of the resultant secondary amines with CS2 to form the dithiocarboxy derivatives. Each compound was evaluated as an antagonist of acute cadmium (Cd) toxicity and as a complexing agent for intracellular metallothionein-bound Cd (Cd-MT) in mice. N-Benzyl-N-dithiocarboxy-D-glucamine (BDCG) was used as a positive control compound. Each congener afforded partial or complete protection against the lethal effects of 10.0 mg/kg CdCl2.2.5 H2O, and retarded accumulation of Cd in livers and kidneys when given 2 h after the acutely toxic dose of Cd. Each derivative was also effective in mobilizing Cd from MT-bound sites in livers and kidneys of mice which had received a sub-lethal dose of CdCl2 along with 109CdCl2 2 weeks earlier. Excretion of mobilized Cd was almost exclusively by the fecal route. Potency of the analogs, as well as the octanol/aqueous partition coefficients, increased with the overall length of the N-(n-alkyl) carbon chain. Each compound readily complexed Cd from partially purified Cd-MT in vitro. Serum Cd from mice treated with BDCG was associated principally with proteins of high molecular weight. PMID- 3250375 TI - Effect of buthionine sulfoximine on orthophenylphenol-induced hepato- and nephrotoxic potential in male rats. AB - A single oral administration of orthophenyl-phenol (OPP, 1400 mg/kg; about half the LD50) to male Fischer 344 rats produced an elevation of serum transaminase activity 24 h later. Pretreatment with L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO, 900 mg/kg) in the OPP-treated rats potentiated the hepatic and renal damage which was accompanied by necrosis. Six hours after the administration of OPP (700 or 1400 mg/kg), hepatic and renal glutathione (GSH) levels decreased with increasing dosage. Hepatic GSH depletion with OPP was enhanced with BSO pretreatment and the recovery of GSH in both organs was slow in the high-dose OPP group. These results suggest that hepatic and renal damage is associated with a serious and prolonged GSH depletion. When either phenyl-p-benzoquinone (PBQ) or phenylhydroquinone (PHQ), which are intermediates of OPP, was administered orally to rats at 700 or 1400 mg/kg, the mortality with the high dose of PBQ was 75% at 24 h. The serum transaminase activity and UN level increased with the low dose of PBQ, accompanied by necrotic hepatocytes. The toxic effects of PHQ on kidney or liver were less than those on PBQ. These observations suggest that the liver and kidney may be target organs for toxic actions of a large dose of OPP and its intermediate, PBQ. PMID- 3250376 TI - Nephrotoxic potential of first-, second-, and third-generation cephalosporins. AB - First-, second-, and third-generation cephalosporins were investigated for their peroidative and nephrotoxic potential. Renal cortical slices from male Wistar rats were incubated at 37 C for 1 h in a phosphate-buffered medium containing the cephalosporin (1.25, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/ml). In another series of experiments 5 mg/ml cephalosporin was incubated under the same conditions for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Subsequently, slices were incubated for 60 or 90 min in a bicarbonate- or phosphate-buffered medium containing pyruvate or tetraethylammonium (TEA) to determine gluconeogenesis and TEA accumulation, respectively. The peroxidative potential was determined at the end of the first incubation by measuring the increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in renal cortical slices. The nephrotoxic potential was determined at the end of the second incubation by measuring the decrease in accumulation of the organic ion (TEA) and decrease of pyruvate-stimulated gluconeogenesis in renal cortical slices. First-generation cephalosporins, cephaloridine and cephalothin showed a time- and concentration dependent increase in MDA content and a decrease in TEA accumulation and gluconeogenesis by renal cortical slices. Cefazolin, another first generation cephalosporin, showed a weak peroxidative and practically no nephrotoxic potential. In the group of second-generation cephalosporins, cefotiam showed a weak peroxidative potential comparable to that of cefoxitin but had a much greater nephrotoxic potential which was similar to that of cephaloridine. The third-generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime and cefoperazone showed a low peroxidative and no nephrotoxic potential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3250378 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of methylmercury on the activities of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in rat brain. AB - The activities of six aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase species were determined using enzyme preparations partially purified from the brains of control and methylmercury (MeHg)-treated rats. The activities of Asp-, Leu- and Tyr-tRNA synthetases were significantly reduced in the brains of MeHg-intoxicated rats, whereas those of Lys- and Met-tRNA synthetases remained unchanged. In contrast, the activity of His-tRNA synthetase was significantly increased in the symptomatic phase of MeHg intoxication. The activities of these six aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in the control brains were affected to different extents on the direct addition of MeHg to the assay system in vitro. No positive correlation was observed between the in vivo and in vitro effects of MeHg on the enzyme activities. These results indicate that the aminoacylation of tRNA is one of the actions of MeHg, which leads to inhibition of protein synthesis, and it is suggested that the syntheses of cellular proteins may be modified in different ways by MeHg, depending on their amino acid compositions. PMID- 3250379 TI - Effect of arsenic on carbohydrate metabolism after single or repeated injection in guinea pigs. AB - Divergent pattern in pyruvate efflux from livers perfused with As2O3 and livers of animals previously repeatedly treated with the toxicant was observed in earlier experiments (Reichl et al. 1987, 1988). Further studies of the effect of As2O3 on carbohydrate metabolism were therefore performed. Male guinea pigs received either a single dose of As2O3 10 mg.kg-1 s.c. or repeated doses of 2.5 mg.kg-1 bis in die (b.i.d.) on 5 consecutive days. One hour after the single dose or 1 h and 16 h after the last injection in the repeated treatment group the animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia. The livers were removed by a freeze stop technique and the contents of glycogen and glycolysis intermediates were measured. In the single dose group a decrease in fructose-1,6-diphosphate and glycerol-aldehyde-3-phosphate and an increase in phosphoenol-pyruvate and pyruvate was observed. In the repeat dose, 1-h group a significant decrease in glycogen, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, glycerolaldehyde-3 phosphate, dihydroxyacetonephosphate, 2-phosphoglycerate and pyruvate was found. In the repeat dose, 16-h group the contents of glycogen, glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate and lactate were diminished. The most prominent finding after repeated As2O3 administration was a marked depletion in total carbohydrate content. This was due mainly to depletion of glycogen. PMID- 3250377 TI - Hepatotoxicity of chronic high dose administration of acetaminophen to mice. A critical review and implications for hazard assessment. AB - To evaluate the degree of toxicity to the liver of chronic administration of acetaminophen, the slides from two independent previously reported experiments using different strains of mouse were reviewed and compared. One experiment was performed using B6C3F1 mice of both sexes which were fed 0.3, 0.6 or 1.25% acetaminophen in the diet for 41 weeks. The other was conducted with NIH general purpose mice of both sexes which were fed 1.1% acetaminophen in the diet for 48 weeks. In both experiments, at the levels of 1.1 or 1.25%, the drug produced severe liver injury characterized by centrilobular necrosis which was comparable in both males and females at the end of the experiments. The findings show that ingestion of dietary levels of greater than 1% leads to chronic hepatotoxicity to mice. The import of these findings in interpretation of carcinogenicity studies of acetaminophen is discussed. PMID- 3250380 TI - [Esthesioblastoma]. AB - Histological appearance of esthesioblastomas shows wide-range variations contributing to difficulties in diagnosis. Five cases of the tumor analysed by the authors provided evidence on ultrastructural signs of the tumor cells neuroblasts-oriented differentiation, permitting ultrastructural differential diagnosis of esthesioblastoma with tumors of another histogenesis. PMID- 3250381 TI - [Herpetic infection (Herpes simplex]. AB - Structural manifestations of Herpesviridae infection, largely of herpes simplex, transmission and mode of entry were analysed and investigated by the authors on section material using light and immunofluorescent microscopy in combination with serological tests. In overall neonatal section material generalized herpetic infection was a frequent finding (4.7%). The lesions in type I and II herpes simplex were similar in manifestations. Structural evaluation of the viscera in prenatal and placental infections suggests affection of cells of epithelial origin with metamorphosis of the giant cells and a drastic increase of the nuclei exhibiting large inclusions rich in DNA. Alternative changes were more pronounced in the brain, while the destruction of the affected cells was more intensive in the lungs. Postnatal herpes simplex virus infection was also covered. PMID- 3250382 TI - [Morphogenesis of polyps in diffuse polyposis of the colon]. AB - Sixty operative specimens of the colon or its fragments removed for diffuse juvenile polyposis (the diagnosis was clinical) were evaluated morphologically. A structural study of the polyps ranging in size from the smallest to large lobular formations elicited a significant role of inflammation in polyp morphogenesis. Large polyps often show fragments of typical adenomatous structure. These adenomatous sites mark a higher risk of malignant transformation which develops in polyps of mixed structure in diffuse juvenile colon polyposis. Structurally, there are more reasons for referring juvenile polyps to adenomas than to hamartomas. PMID- 3250383 TI - [Clinico-morphologic analysis of primary and metastatic tumors of the heart]. AB - The analysis of 7358 autopsies performed in 1966-1986 showed that cardiac tumors were detected in 94 cases (1.27%) and accounted for 4.9% of cancer and 5.48% of cardiac disease cases. Detailed characteristics are provided for 9 primary tumors, of these 3 were assessed clinically and morphologically, (left ventricular elastofibroma, left ventricular pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, left atrial embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma). Primary metastases of pulmonary localization were recorded in 47.9% of cases. Metastatic involvement of the heart presented in 85 cases (1.15% of autopsies, 4.43% of cancer cases, 5% of cardiac affections, 90.42% of cardiac tumors). Cardiac compartments were evaluated for the frequency of tumor emergence. PMID- 3250384 TI - [Effect of Campylobacter pyloridis and other parietal microflora on gastric epitheliocytes in peptic ulcer and following vagotomy]. AB - Using light and transmission electron microscopy, the authors studied the effect of vagotomy on the interaction between the parietal microflora (Campylobacter pyloridis, in particular) and gastric epitheliocytes in peptide ulcer patients (n = 80). Campylobacter pyloridis abundant in pyloric and antral portions of the stomach following vagotomy was found in still increasing quantities. Ultrastructurally, there were alterative changes in parietal microflora contacting epitheliocytes both in peptic ulcer and following vagotomy. PMID- 3250385 TI - [Intravenous leiomyomatosis]. AB - Intravenous leiomyomatosis was diagnosed in 3 women of reproductive age (35-37 years of age). The tumor located in the uterus or its broad ligament. Histologically, the tumor is represented by intravenous smooth muscle cells. The discussion covers histogenesis of the disease which can be associated with disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, uterine leiomyoma, diffuse pulmonary leiomyomatosis. Intravenous leiomyomatosis is believed to be of tumor origin and to arise in hormonal disturbances. PMID- 3250386 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma combined with generalized miliary tuberculosis]. AB - Available is a case of mycobacterial sepsis in patients with immunodeficiency of undetermined origin and presenting morphologically with disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma. The disease ran the course and exhibited morphological manifestations similar in some details to AIDS. The author advocates a differentiated approach to evaluation of clinical and pathological findings in cases close in appearance. PMID- 3250387 TI - [Current problems of postgraduate training in pathology under perestroika]. PMID- 3250388 TI - [Restructuring of pathologic anatomy: the place and role of the chair at the medical school]. PMID- 3250389 TI - [Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with necrotic vasculitis]. PMID- 3250390 TI - Oregon launches preceptor program. PMID- 3250391 TI - Night cramps. PMID- 3250392 TI - Hydatid eradication in Tasmania. PMID- 3250393 TI - Intertrigo of the groin and toes. PMID- 3250394 TI - Sunburn. Management and prevention. PMID- 3250395 TI - Pruritus ani. A practical approach. PMID- 3250397 TI - Continuing care of aborigines. PMID- 3250396 TI - Nappy rash. PMID- 3250398 TI - Chronic diarrhoea. PMID- 3250399 TI - Working together. General practitioners and psychologists. PMID- 3250404 TI - Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3250405 TI - Day case cardiac catheterisation--a safe and economic alternative. AB - Cardiac catheterisation, as a day procedure, has been performed at the Royal Perth Hospital since November 1985. During the 23 month period from November 1985 to September 1987, there have been 1398 day procedures carried out. One hundred and twelve patients (8%) required overnight admission as a consequence of the procedure--39 patients for routine observation, 41 patients for minor hemorrhage from the brachial arteriotomy or femoral artery puncture site; 12 patients for severe angina: three patients with reversible ischemic neurological deficits; two patients with stroke; four patients with transient brachial artery occlusion; two patients with arrhythmias and eight patients for miscellaneous reasons. One patient discharged on the day of the procedure required subsequent re-admission for treatment of an acute myocardial infarction. There were no deaths. The financial cost saving to the hospital in real terms is estimated to be $41.50 per patient and to the community a further saving of $25 per patient due to a reduction in sick leave. The minimum total cost saving to the taxpayer for the 1,285 patients managed as day cases was $85,000. Cardiac catheterisation can be performed as a day procedure with low morbidity, low mortality and modest cost savings to a major hospital. PMID- 3250407 TI - Clinical implications of electrophysiology study findings in patients with chronic bifascicular block and syncope. AB - Electrophysiology study was performed in 93 patients with bifascicular block and unexplained syncope. Clinical evidence of organic heart disease was present in 33 (35%). Electrophysiological abnormalities were detected in 45 patients (48%). Of these, 36 had distal conduction disease, including 28 with an HV interval greater than 55 ms (mean 76.4 ms), and eight who developed infraHisian block following either intravenous procainamide (four) or atrial pacing (four). Sick sinus syndrome was evident in six patients and a further two had carotid sinus hypersensitivity. Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) was induced in only three patients, two of whom also had prolonged HV interval. Among the 93 patients, 45 had therapy which was guided by positive findings at electrophysiology study (Group 1). Of these, 42 received permanent pacemakers, two were treated with combined permanent pacing and antiarrhythmic drug therapy, and one was treated with antiarrhythmic drug alone. In addition, eight patients without electrophysiologic abnormalities were treated empirically by pacing (Group 2). Finally, 40 patients without electrophysiologic abnormalities received no specific therapy (group 3). At a mean follow-up of 39 months (range two-125 months), recurrence of syncope had occurred in 4% of Group 1 patients, and 25% of Group 3 patients (p less than 0.05). No patient in Group 2 had had recurrence. Total mortality was 40%, including 47% of patients in Group 1, 25% of Group 2, and 35% of Group 3. Death was sudden in seven patients. We concluded that among patients with bifascicular block and syncope, therapy directed by findings at electrophysiology study was associated with symptomatic improvement, but mortality was not significantly influenced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3250406 TI - Transjugular liver biopsy--an Australian experience. AB - During the four year period 1983-87 transjugular liver biopsy was performed on 67 patients (M43, F24) aged 17-79 yr (mean 45.6 yr). Standard percutaneous biopsy was contraindicated by coagulation disorders (95%) often with ascites (17%). Biopsies were taken using a specially modified Ross trans-septal needle passed into hepatic veins under fluoroscopic guidance. Hepatic tissue samples were obtained from the initial biopsy in 62 (93%) patients. In 30 consecutive transjugular biopsies a mean area of 38.2 mm2 per section (0.9-100 mm2) was available for histology compared with an area of 15.9 mm2 (9.3-48.8 mm2) in 50 consecutive percutaneous biopsies. Improved techniques of sample washing, sieving and fixation optimised separation of hepatic tissue from blood clot and fibrin. Four patients experienced significant complications but no deaths occurred. Individual diagnoses were changed in 17 patients as a result of biopsy findings. This study confirms the efficacy and relative safety of the transjugular approach in obtaining liver biopsies from patients with contraindications to standard percutaneous techniques. PMID- 3250408 TI - Eosinophilic enteritis--a recent north Queensland experience. AB - Thirty-three patients have been investigated in Townsville between 1983 and 1987 with eosinophilic enteritis. All were Caucasian and had been well prior to this illness. Twenty-six had similar presentations with episodic and transient abdominal pain often with features of small bowel obstruction. Four patients presented with pain and diarrhoea, two with chronic diarrhoea and one with recurrent melena. All patients at some stage during their illness developed high peripheral blood eosinophil counts, mean value 2096/mm3. Nine patients had laparotomies. The disease typically involved a short segment of ileum or jejunum with thickening and induration. The histology of the four resected specimens demonstrated a transmural inflammation with edema and an intense eosinophilic infiltrate. A solitary adult hookworm was identified in one patient adherent to the mucosa of the resected bowel. Each of the 19 patients treated with antihelminthic drugs responded promptly. Recovery was accompanied by a return to normal peripheral blood eosinophil counts. This paper reports an unusual form of eosinophilic enteritis thought due to a parasitic infection. The diagnosis should be considered in patients from North Queensland presenting with abdominal pain and eosinophilia. Laparotomy should be delayed pending a trial of conservative therapy with mebendazole. PMID- 3250409 TI - Antibodies to HIV are produced within the central nervous system of all subjects with all categories of HIV infection. AB - Anti-HIV antibodies were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of all 41 subjects tested whose serum contained these antibodies. To ensure that locally produced antibody was being detected, a sensitive assay was used to demonstrate the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Antibodies to ubiquitous adenovirus group antigens were sought, simultaneously, in CSF and serum. A lack of adenovirus antibodies in CSF of subjects seropositive for adenovirus was required before CSF anti-HIV antibodies could be considered to be produced within the central nervous system. Of the 41 subjects tested eight were asymptomatic, eight were clinically well but had persistent lymphadenopathy, 14 were immunodeficient and had constitutional symptoms (AIDS-related complex or ARC) and 11 had AIDS. Oligoclonal banding was detected in the CSF of 16 subjects and a pleocytosis was present in 24. Neither finding clustered with a particular stage of infection. It appears that HIV infection of T lymphocytes and the central nervous system occurs simultaneously, early in the course of the infection. All HIV infected subjects are at risk of developing primary neurological as well as immunological sequelae. Currently poorly understood resistance factors must protect both lymphocytes and nervous system tissue from damage by the HIV virus, as to date, the majority of infected subjects have not become immunodeficient or developed neurological disease. PMID- 3250410 TI - Deaths from sudden infant death syndrome on public holidays and weekends. AB - Deaths from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) between 1979 and 1984 were tabulated by month for weekdays, weekends and public holidays. Examination of deaths by day of the week showed the weekend had more deaths than the weekdays (chi 2 = 26.3, df = 6, p = 0.0002) and that this pattern occurred in both the under three months and three-11 months age group. There were 40 deaths on the 78 public holidays in the six years under study. Modelling the data showed that there was no difference between the number of deaths on holidays compared to weekends. PMID- 3250411 TI - Brucellosis complicated by aortic valve endocarditis. AB - A 30 year old veterinary surgeon developed a febrile illness with serological evidence of Brucellosis. He was known to have aortic valve disease and during the course of the illness, the clinical features of endocarditis became evident, with a vegetation visible echocardiographically on the aortic valve. Because of persisting fever despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, aortic valve replacement with a viable cryopreserved allograft aortic valve was undertaken. Organisms consistent with Brucella species were demonstrated in the excised vegetation. The patient received a six week course of antibiotics and his post-operative course was uneventful. PMID- 3250412 TI - A case of polymicrobial infective endocarditis involving Neisseria mucosa occurring in an intravenous drug abuser. AB - The incidence of polymicrobial endocarditis has increased markedly in recent years, in association with the increasing level of abuse of intravenous drugs. Neisseria mucosa, an upper respiratory tract commensal, is a rare cause of infective endocarditis. We report the first case of polymicrobial infective endocarditis involving Neisseria mucosa occurring in an intravenous drug abuser. PMID- 3250413 TI - Coronary Prognostic Index for the Chinese. PMID- 3250414 TI - Rescreening of a group at high risk for colorectal neoplasia using immunochemical tests for faecal occult blood. AB - The results of a screening programme for colorectal neoplasia in a high risk group using an immunochemical test for blood has been reported recently. This test is known as the faecal human haemoglobin (FHH) test. This paper reports the results of rescreening this group after an interval of 1-2 years. The FHH test was compared with a paper disc method. All individuals with positive tests were investigated and those with negative tests were offered investigation. The results confirm the value of the FHH test in screening a high risk group: 19 individuals in 1,153 participants were found to have a significant neoplasm (1.6%). The predictive value of the test for a significant neoplasm was 42%. A false negative rate of 2.6% was found, all lesions being benign. It appears to be more reliable than the paper disc method but the differences do not reach statistical significance. The FHH test is recommended for screening the general population over the age of 40 years, with rescreening annually. PMID- 3250415 TI - Acute diverticulitis: safety and value of contrast studies in predicting need for operation. AB - Results of treatment of 70 patients hospitalized with acute diverticulitis were analysed to determine the value of early contrast enema in management. A water soluble enema done during the first week of hospitalization in 48 patients showed diverticulosis with spasm (30), a leak or peridiverticulitis (16) and a normal study (two). No complications were caused by the study. Forty patients improved on medical therapy, but four relapsed after discharge. Thirty-four (49%) patients had urgent operation during hospitalization for the acute episode of diverticulitis. Findings on contrast enema correlated with the need for surgery during the acute phase: 13 of 16 with peridiverticulitis or a leak compared with three of 30 with diverticulosis/spasm (P less than 0.001). Operations performed were: sigmoid resection and primary anastomosis (17) with covering colostomy (five). Hartmann's operation (eight), colostomy and/or drainage (seven), right hemicolectomy (two). Findings at surgery were: abscess (15), phlegmon (12), peritonitis (five) and colovesical fistula (two). It is concluded that early contrast enemas of the distal colon done with appropriate precautions are useful in confirming the diagnosis of diverticular disease: only two of 48 studies were falsely negative. A pericolic extravasation (as opposed to a small sinus tract) or abscess usually indicates need for operation, whereas the finding of diverticulosis/spasm suggests a favourable outcome of conservative management. PMID- 3250416 TI - Selective use of heparin in aortic surgery. AB - The incidence of distal ischaemia following aortic reconstruction may be as high as 25%, despite the use of systemic heparin. As anticoagulation may be associated with excessive operative blood loss, a retrospective study was performed to assess the prevalence of these problems, in a consecutive series, during a 30 month period. Evaluation of reconstruction was possible in 161 patients with aneurysm and 38 patients with occlusive disease. The incidence of vessel occlusion was 21% in the occlusive and 4% in the aneurysm group (P less than 0.05). Four of seven patients who had major vessel occlusion had serious complications, and there were two resultant deaths. These problems occurred despite the administration of heparin. Blood loss and operating time were quantitated in the patients who had resection for aortic aneurysm. Both were significantly longer in patients who received heparin (P less than 0.05) and the differences were maintained when patients were stratified according to increments in dose or operating time, and according to whether woven tube or bifurcation grafts were performed. It was concluded that aneurysm surgery, in the absence of distal occlusive disease, could be safely performed without the use of systemic heparin, but surgery for occlusive disease still requires heparinization. PMID- 3250417 TI - The fillet foot for endweight-bearing cover of below knee amputations. AB - Four patients with five severely traumatized lower legs but preserved feet were treated with fillet flaps from the foot to cover an elective, below knee amputation stump. The posterior tibial neurovascular bundle nourished and innervated this flap. While the posterior tibial artery and vein may be cut and re-anastomosed to prevent kinking and occlusion, the posterior tibial nerve should always be kept in continuity to maintain the quality of sensation to this flap. Four flaps survived and one necrosed secondary to venous insufficiency. Due to its innervation and the unique qualities of heel skin, the flap is very durable and has endweight-bearing capabilities. This has permitted the fitting of an endweight-bearing, total contact, fully extended, below knee prosthesis that appears to offer significant improvement in ease of use and normality of gait pattern over standard patellar tendon-bearing prostheses. PMID- 3250418 TI - Effect of general anaesthesia on transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in the dog. AB - This report investigates the hypothesis that gastro-oesophageal flow is modulated by central nervous activity. The hypothesis was examined using the canine model in which gastro-oesophageal flow was stimulated by gastric insufflation of air at 80 ml/min and central nervous depression was produced with the anaesthetic agents thiopentone, nitrous oxide and halothane. Duplicate paired studies were performed in four dogs, either unsedated or anaesthetized. Gastro-oesophageal flow was assessed manometrically by a sleeve catheter assembly and by pH electrode. Gastric compliance was assessed by inflation of a thin-walled, plastic bag. Transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation, the dominant mechanism of retrograde trans-sphincter flow in unsedated animals, was abolished by general anaesthesia. Retrograde flow of gas across the lower oesophageal sphincter in anaesthetized animals eventually occurred, but only after massive gastric distension and elevation of gastric pressure to lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. The effects observed could not be explained by a direct action of anaesthetic on the lower oesophageal sphincter or on the gastric wall. It is proposed that general anaesthesia results in blockade of the neural pathway responsible for transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation by withdrawal of facilitative higher centre activity. The findings have implications for the use of sedation in experimental studies on factors which control gastro-oesophageal reflux, and clinical application to the risk of tracheal aspiration during general anaesthesia. PMID- 3250419 TI - Giant inguinal hernia. AB - Giant inguinal herniae present a major challenge in management. This case details clinical features of an enormous inguinoscrotal hernia associated with septic gangrene and elephantiasis of the scrotum. Two initial operations were required for control of sepsis, followed by a two-staged hernial repair, involving a total colectomy and a subsequent neoscrotal repair. The problems of loss of domain within the abdominal cavity and the special features presented by this case are discussed. PMID- 3250420 TI - Multilocular cyst of the kidney. AB - Four examples of multilocular cyst of the kidney occurring in adult Chinese women are reported. This uncommon lesion has distinctive sonographic and clinicopathological features. The aetiology and pathogenesis are unknown. The differential diagnosis, pre-operative evaluation, and treatment are discussed. PMID- 3250421 TI - More on surgery and the new biology. PMID- 3250422 TI - Extraperitoneal unilateral iliac artery bypass for chronic lower limb ischaemia. AB - Extraperitoneal unilateral iliac artery bypass was used to treat chronic lower limb ischaemia in 105 patients (110 operations). This represented 20% of all operations for aorto-iliac disease. Unilateral iliac bypass was the preferred primary procedure for 99 operations, and was used to correct complications in one limb of a prior aortic bifurcation graft in the other 11. Ipsilateral femoropopliteal vein grafts were also performed in 45 legs (43%), prior to the iliac bypass in 18, as a synchronous operation in nine, and at a later date in 18 legs. This was a much higher proportion of combined operations than for patients by aortic bifurcation grafts (12%). Only 5 patients later required further proximal surgery, one for a blocked graft and four for contralateral iliac disease. The cumulative patency rate in surviving patients was 91% at 3 years. For the claudicants and for iliofemoral bypass operations, only one graft occluded, within 5 years, and no grafts occluded for operations where the superficial femoral artery was patent. The cumulative patency rates at 3 years were 85% for patients with critical ischaemia, 82% for ilioprofunda bypass operations, and 88% for operations where the superficial femoral artery was occluded. The cumulative foot-salvage rate in surviving patients initially treated for critical ischaemia was 77% at 3 years. The cumulative survival rate was 90% at 3 years. Extraperitoneal unilateral iliac bypass is now preferred as the primary operation for patients with apparent unilateral iliac disease causing severe ischaemia, if balloon dilatation is not appropriate or has failed. PMID- 3250423 TI - In situ saphenous vein bypass: prevention and management of early complications. AB - Since adopting the in situ, non-reversed saphenous vein technique for bypass procedures in the leg early in 1986, 50 bypasses have been performed in selected patients, primarily for limb salvage. A Mills valvulotome was used for retrograde disruption of the saphenous valves, after exposure of the whole length of vein. Significant peri-operative complications occurred in nine patients and were strongly associated with technical factors. Early graft occlusion (n = 2) and residual arteriovenous fistulae (n = 2) were revised by timely reoperation, resulting in early (30 day) patency of all but one graft. In seven patients, angioscopic visualization of the valve division process was tested as a method of ensuring complete valvulotomy, while avoiding trauma to the vein wall. Distal anastomosis to the popliteal artery above the knee or close below the knee caused a considerable degree of graft angulation, which was exacerbated by flexion of the leg, whereas anastomosis to the more distal popliteal artery or tibial vessels resulted in a favourable curvature of the graft. Lessons learned during this initial experience and aspects of technique for prevention of complications are presented. PMID- 3250424 TI - Vascular trauma at a university teaching hospital. AB - Fifty-two patients with vascular trauma have been managed by the St Vincent's Hospital Vascular Surgical Unit during the 5 year period 1982-86. The mean age of the patients was 39.7 years; 81% were male. Penetrating, blunt and iatrogenic trauma were equally represented. Forty-nine of the patients underwent 63 operations performed by members of the unit. Twenty-five of the patients had significant non-vascular injuries, requiring 29 other operations. Pre-operative angiography was used rarely in urgent cases. All vascular reconstructions were noted to be patent during the follow-up period, with a mean of 20 months, except in one instance, where an amputation resulted from failed surgery. One patient died from a complication of the vascular surgery. PMID- 3250425 TI - Early management of abdominal trauma: the role of diagnostic peritoneal lavage. AB - This report reviews the contemporary value of diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) in the assessment of abdominal trauma, and reports the methods and results of its application within one trauma centre (Washington Hospital Center). DPL was reserved for those patients where doubt existed as to the presence of intra abdominal injury, and gave a very accurate assessment of intraperitoneal injury. The complication rate was 0.4% and the accuracy of DPL was 97.7%. Except for laparotomy, DPL is the most sensitive indicator of haemoperitoneum available. It was first introduced with the aim of reducing the number of missed diagnoses of abdominal injury and it performs this task excellently when a low threshold for positivity is used. The open technique is safest and gives fewer false positive results, and the colorimetric method of analysis of lavage fluid is recommended, with strict adherence to advised criteria for negativity. A clinical algorithm is described, utilizing DPL, aimed at early diagnosis of all intra-abdominal injuries. This was extremely sensitive and failed in only one case in 384 (0.3%). The attendant, non-therapeutic laparotomy rate was 19%, and is regarded as acceptable within the aims of early diagnosis. In this series, there was no mortality or morbidity attached to the use of DPL or from non-therapeutic laparotomy, and there was only one delayed diagnosis in the entire series. No bowel, bladder, diaphragmatic, duodenal or pancreatic injuries were missed or diagnosed late. PMID- 3250426 TI - Choledochal cyst: case reports and current concepts. AB - Choledochal cyst is an unusual but serious condition which most commonly affects Oriental people. Recent experience of three patients with this condition in whom diagnosis was made by ultrasound examination is reported. Cholangiography (ERCP or PTC) was performed in two of the cases to define the anatomy. All three cases were successfully managed by cyst excision and biliary reconstruction by Roux-en Y hepaticojejunostomy. The rationale for and importance of cyst excision are discussed. PMID- 3250427 TI - Intussusception: clinical prediction of outcome of barium reduction. AB - Patients with intussusception who have necrotic bowel requiring bowel resection or who are at major risk of perforation from attempted hydrostatic reduction may be better managed without barium reduction. Ideally, the clinician would like to identify such patients at presentation. Two groups of patients, representing the extreme ends of the intussusception treatment spectrum were investigated in order to highlight the clinical features of patients in whom an attempted barium reduction is not justified. A group of 200 patients who had successful and safe hydrostatic reduction was compared with 104 patients who ultimately required bowel resection. Four features were found to be indicators of an increased likelihood of resection: age 3 months or less, or greater than 2 years, duration of symptoms greater than 24 h, presence of small bowel obstruction on plain radiology, and clinical assessment of dehydration greater than 5%. The validity of these features as prognostic indicators was assessed by applying them to all patients who had attempted barium reduction to see how they predicted patient outcome. In isolation, each feature was found to be compatible with a safe and successful hydrostatic reduction. The rate of resection was increased in patients with multiple adverse features and in these patients the enema technique may require modification. Patients with three or four adverse features had an unacceptably high incidence of gangrenous bowel requiring resection and a low likelihood of successful hydrostatic reduction. It is believed that attempts at reduction are not appropriate in these patients. PMID- 3250428 TI - Duodenal obstruction as the presenting symptom of aortic aneurysm. AB - Two patients with duodenal obstruction as the presenting symptom of an abdominal aortic aneurysm are reported. The increasing frequency of aortic aneurysm in an ageing population may make this rare cause of duodenal obstruction more common. Vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss are the common presenting, symptoms. This report includes only the third successful aortic replacement in these patients. Upper gastrointestinal examination with contrast and endoscopy and computerized tomography scan of the abdomen are considered the most relevant investigations. PMID- 3250429 TI - Polypoid neurilemmoma of the trachea: an unusual cause of major airway obstruction. AB - Neurilemmomas (schwannomas) of the trachea are extremely rare. A case of near total obstruction of the trachea by an intraluminal polypoid neurilemmomas is reported. Computerized tomographic imaging gave the exact localization of the polyp and the attachment of its stalk. Endoscopic excision has left the patient with an excellent prognosis and little chance of recurrence. PMID- 3250430 TI - The influence of age and gender on normal appendicectomy rates. PMID- 3250431 TI - Protein depletion and surgical risk. AB - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that protein depleted surgical patients are at an increased risk of postoperative complications following major surgery; 101 patients and 59 normal volunteers had measurements of nutritional status (weight loss (%), midarm muscle circumference, plasma transferrin and prealbumin concentration and a direct measurement of pre-operative protein depletion, the protein index) and the patient's postoperative course was carefully monitored from the time of operation until discharge. The patients were divided into two categories on the basis of the extent of protein depletion: non protein depleted patients (4% mean protein loss) and protein depleted patients (39% mean protein loss). The protein depleted patients had a significantly higher incidence of major complications, pneumonia and stayed in hospital longer (both overall stay and postoperatively). PMID- 3250432 TI - Acute pancreatitis in the aged. AB - Forty-seven patients aged more than 75 years with acute pancreatitis were studied. The most common cause of acute pancreatitis was biliary tract stones. The clinical presentation and severity of the disease as judged by the number of poor prognostic factors were not different from the group of patients aged less than 75 years. The mortality rate in the older group was thrice that of the younger group (21.3% versus 7.24%). The higher mortality rate was explained by a higher incidence of deaths related to complications of biliary stones and coincidental diseases. Significantly more aged patients with mild disease died, indicating the limitation of predictive ability of the scoring system in acute pancreatitis of the aged. PMID- 3250433 TI - Corrosive oesophagitis: an analysis of 50 cases. AB - A total of 50 consecutive patients who were treated in JIPMER Hospital between 1970 and 1981 for corrosive injuries of the oesophagus and stomach were analysed. There were 23 males and 27 females. All but seven presented with dysphagia due to an established stricture. In addition seven of them had associated stricture of the stomach. They were treated with either repeated dilatations or, in selected cases, oesophageal replacement. Perforation of the oesophagus is an important complication associated with oesophageal dilatation indicating the need for oesophageal replacement in multiple or long dense strictures. Results are quite satisfactory with both modalities of treatment. However, oesophageal replacement surgery, performed properly in selected cases, offers a permanent solution to these unfortunate victims. PMID- 3250434 TI - Inflammatory pseudotumour of the liver. AB - A case of inflammatory pseudotumour of the liver is described, the twelfth such case reported. Although these lesions are benign and self-limiting, they may encroach upon the biliary tree or portal vein and may be confused with true hepatic neoplasia. In the presence of single or multiple hepatic deposits seen on radiologic examination, a history of fever (or other systemic symptoms) and a negative fine needle aspiration biopsy should raise the possibility of inflammatory pseudotumour and prompt formal biopsy to guide further treatment. PMID- 3250435 TI - Duplication of the cervical oesophagus in adults. AB - An adult male patient with duplication cyst of the cervical oesophagus is reported. Benign tumours of the oesophagus are rare and amongst them the congenital cysts form a small group. Only four cases of duplication of the cervical oesophagus have been reported in the literature, all initially presenting in children. Patients usually present with pressure symptoms due to rapid enlargement of the cyst secondary to bleeding or infection. Diagnosis previously has been suggested by barium swallow and oesophagoscopy. Computed tomography (CT) clearly demonstrated the oesophageal duplication. This report describes the first patient to present with a cervical duplication of the oesophagus in adulthood and only the second in whom CT has been used to establish the diagnosis. Surgical excision is recommended in all patients with duplication cysts of the cervical oesophagus. PMID- 3250436 TI - Natural killer cell and cytotoxic/suppressor T cell deficiency in peripheral blood in subjects with alopecia areata. PMID- 3250437 TI - Plasma ferritin levels as a guide to the treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda by venesection. PMID- 3250438 TI - Clinical trial of Egocort 1% cream. PMID- 3250439 TI - Multiple inflamed pigmented lesions confined to the hands. PMID- 3250440 TI - Paraneoplastic conditions. PMID- 3250441 TI - Treatment of keratoses. PMID- 3250443 TI - Editorial comment and authors reply. PMID- 3250442 TI - Changing patterns of caesarean section. AB - There has been a substantial rise in the rate of Caesarean section in the last 20 years. There are many reasons for this increase, but it has been argued that the fall in perinatal mortality justifies a higher Caesarean section rate. In this retrospective study 7,274 deliveries were reviewed and 650 Caesarean sections were analysed. There was only a marginal increase in the rate of Caesarean section (1.9%) during the 2 biennial periods studied (1974-1975 and 1984-1985), but overall perinatal mortality rate dropped by half during the second study period. This study confirms that in recent years the indications for Caesarean section have altered, but the marked rise in the Caesarean section rate cannot be explained purely on medical grounds and is certainly not solely responsible for the very significant drop in the perinatal mortality rate. PMID- 3250444 TI - The value of amnioscopy in surveillance of postdate pregnancy. AB - The accuracy and reliability of amnioscopy in detecting the presence of meconium in amniotic fluid and in predicting fetal distress were evaluated in 289 postdate pregnancies. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid tended to be associated with complications of pregnancy such as ABO incompatibility (p less than 0.05), the need for operative delivery (p less than 0.02), and fetal distress at birth (p less than 0.05). Amnioscopy failed to detect the presence of meconium antenatally in most cases (57%), and positive amnioscopy for meconium was unrelated to the incidence of fetal distress. When meconium was present, induction of labour was ineffective in reducing the incidence of fetal distress. Amnioscopy is not recommended for the monitoring of postdate pregnancies. PMID- 3250445 TI - Uterine activity in spontaneous labour with breech presentation. AB - Uterine activity was quantified for patients who had a breech presentation, spontaneous labour and a vaginal delivery. Results were studied according to parity and in relation to cervical dilatation. The multiparas with breech presentation overall had lower uterine activity compared to nulliparas when the whole labour was considered. These values were compared with control patients with vertex presentation who had spontaneous normal labour and vaginal delivery. The median uterine activity values in breech presentation were not significantly different from control nulliparous or multiparous patients. Among the breech deliveries, irrespective of parity, mean Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were over 6 and cord arterial blood pH values were above 7.15, but these results were significantly lower than the control cases with vertex presentation. The uterus performs similar uterine activity in spontaneous normal labour whether the fetus presents as a vertex or breech, when controlled for parity. PMID- 3250446 TI - Stillbirths in Western Australia 1980-1983: influence of race, residence and place of birth. AB - All stillbirths in Western Australia from 1980-83 weighing 1,000 g and over were identified from perinatal death certificates, and their causes and demographic correlates described. The stillbirth rate was 4.91 per 1,000 total births; nearly 65% were antepartum, 25% intrapartum and in 10% the time of death was unknown. The cause of death of most stillbirths was unknown (52%) or associated with lethal congenital malformations (13%), antepartum haemorrhage (12%) or maternal hypertension (8%). Whilst Aboriginal women had much higher stillbirth rates (10.80) than non-Aboriginal women (4.57), their patterns of time and causes of death were similar. Both antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth rates were much higher at low birth-weights and low gestational ages in both racial groups. Women living in rural areas who delivered in the metropolitan area had much higher antepartum (11.02) and intrapartum (3.31) stillbirth rates than either rural women delivering in rural areas (1.89 and 1.34) or metropolitan women delivering in the metropolitan area (2.72, 0.98). This reflects the transfer of rural high risk pregnant women or those with fetal death in utero, for delivery in metropolitan specialist hospitals. PMID- 3250448 TI - Hysteroscopic metroplasty. PMID- 3250447 TI - Perinatal mortality in Bahrain. AB - A review of 583 perinatal deaths at the Ministry of Health hospitals in Bahrain, during the years 1985-1987 revealed a perinatal mortality rate of 19.6 per 1,000 total births. Lethal congenital malformations accounted for 145 (24.9%) deaths. Of the 438 normally formed infants there were 42.2% antepartum, 115 (26.3%) intrapartum and 138 (31.5%) early neonatal deaths; in 82.7% of cases the death was considered to be unavoidable. The population of Bahrain for 1986 according to the Central Statistics Organization (1) was 435,065, the majority of which was served by the Ministry of Health Maternity Service with approximately 10,000 deliveries per annum. The Ministry of Health provides maternity services through one main maternity hospital and 2 peripheral hospitals with consultant obstetric care. In addition to these, there are 3 maternity units run by midwives. High risk cases are usually delivered in the main hospital as there is a neonatal intensive care unit attached to it. The latter also acts as a referral centre for all sick babies in Bahrain. An analysis of the causes of perinatal deaths is an effective way of assessing the efficiency of maternity services. The objective of this study was to identify and improve the various factors influencing perinatal mortality in Bahrain. PMID- 3250449 TI - The reliability of a cytological prediction of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ. AB - A spectrum of changes precedes clinical invasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Cytological and histological criteria for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS) are becoming more clearly defined. A 5-year prospective study was undertaken to test the accuracy of a cytological prediction of ACIS. From a total of 290,000 cervical smears 54 predictions of ACIS were made: 33 (61%) alone and 21 (39%) with associated squamous carcinoma in situ (SCIS). The rate of reporting ACIS was compared to the rates for intraepithelial and invasive squamous lesions and for frank invasive adenocarcinoma. The findings suggest that ACIS is being underdiagnosed. Forty-seven patients were adequately investigated; 46 had intraepithelial or invasive malignancy. There were 10 cases of ACIS, 10 ACIS with SCIS, 9 microinvasive adenocarcinoma, 5 invasive adenocarcinoma, 2 microinvasive adenosquamous carcinomas, 1 invasive adenosquamous carcinoma, 8 SCIS and 1 endometrial carcinoma. There was one true false positive report. Thus cervical glandular neoplasia was confirmed in 37 patients (79%), 13 of these having adenosquamous tumours. Because 98% of patients had in situ or invasive malignancy and because 36% of cases were invasive (though mostly microinvasive) prompt investigation, by cone biopsy, must follow a cytological report of ACIS. PMID- 3250451 TI - The role of second-look laparotomy in the management of patients with ovarian carcinoma. AB - Second-look laparotomy has been performed on 76 patients with ovarian carcinoma each of whom was clinically free of tumour after completing a programme of postoperative chemotherapy (60 patients), pelvic radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy (14 patients) or observation (2 patients). The initial stage, bulk of residual tumour, completion of hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo oophorectomy and an interval of 11 months or more between diagnosis and second look surgery were all significantly (p less than .05) associated with negative findings. Recurrences occurred after a negative operation in 10 of 42 (23.8%) patients and were more frequent amongst patients with grade 3 tumours (p = .03). Macroscopic cancer was found in 23 (30.3%) patients and microscopic cancer in 11 (14.8%) patients. Survival was related to the surgical findings and to the amount of residual tumour at the conclusion of the second-look operation. Survival of patients with no macroscopic residue (those found to have microscopic tumour and those who had complete excision of macroscopic tumour) was significantly longer than that of patients with macroscopic residue (median survival 38.2 versus 19.0 months, p = .01). These results suggest that benefit from second-look laparotomy is confined to patients with microscopic or totally resectable tumour for whom second-line therapy may still be curative. PMID- 3250450 TI - Cisplatin chemotherapy of ovarian cancer: is short-term in vitro chemosensitivity predictive of long-term patient survival? AB - The in vitro response to cis-diamminodichloroplatinum (cisplatin) in primary culture of tumour samples obtained at surgery was studied in 61 patients with Stage III ovarian cancer who were also treated with cisplatin. The drug-induced inhibitory effect on cell proliferation (measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation) and metabolism (by 3H-uridine incorporation) was assessed over a 3-hour incubation. At greater than or equal to 20% level of inhibition, the true prediction rate of survival by the proliferative assay was 72% among those with 'sensitive' tumours and of mortality was 66% among those with 'resistant' tumours; at greater than or equal to 50% level of inhibition, the prediction rate of survival by the proliferative assay increased to 88% but that of mortality decreased to 58%. The results with the metabolic assay were comparatively lower at all levels. When the amount of residual disease was taken into the determination of mortality rate, significant differences were found between 'sensitive' and 'resistant' tumours as defined by the proliferative assay in patients with no/minimal disease. The pattern of survival differed significantly between 3 subgroups of tumours, as defined by their responses to cisplatin in the proliferative and metabolic assays -- the best survival was obtained in patients whose tumours were 'sensitive' in both assays. PMID- 3250452 TI - Umbilical cord knots and encirclements. PMID- 3250453 TI - A nonsurgical method of drainage of pyometra. PMID- 3250454 TI - Fetomaternal transfusion. PMID- 3250455 TI - Shoulder dystocia. PMID- 3250456 TI - Mycotic corneal ulcer in Bangladesh. PMID- 3250457 TI - Field tests of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against Culex mosquito larvae in Dhaka City. PMID- 3250458 TI - A clinicopathological study of enucleated eye balls and biopsies of the eye. PMID- 3250459 TI - Study of the fibrinolytic activity of onion. PMID- 3250460 TI - Foreign body in the trachea: a case report. PMID- 3250461 TI - Oxygen radicals in biology and medicine. Papers presented at the Fourth International Congress on Oxygen Radicals. June 27-July 3, 1987, La Jolla, California. PMID- 3250462 TI - Singlet oxygen: current mechanistic aspects of photo-oxidation. PMID- 3250463 TI - Hydrogen peroxide production in dopamine neurons. PMID- 3250464 TI - Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the rat. PMID- 3250465 TI - Anterior chamber hydrogen peroxide: effects of 3-aminotriazole on peroxide kinetics and on the status of glutathione. PMID- 3250466 TI - Morphological sequelae of anterior segment hydrogen peroxide in young and adult rabbits with or without 3-aminotriazole treatment. PMID- 3250467 TI - Prevention of acute renal failure by SOD and sucrose. PMID- 3250468 TI - The aging process. PMID- 3250469 TI - Influence of life-prolonging food restriction on membrane lipoperoxidation and antioxidant status. PMID- 3250470 TI - The redox thermodynamics for dioxygen species (O2, O2-., HOO., HOOH, and HOO-) and monooxygen species (O, O-., .OH, and -OH) in water and aprotic solvents. PMID- 3250471 TI - Redox properties of oxy and antioxidant radicals. PMID- 3250472 TI - Iron redox reactions and lipid peroxidation. PMID- 3250473 TI - Specific detection of lipid hydroperoxides using HPLC-EC method. PMID- 3250474 TI - Quantitative determination of fatty acid hydroperoxides in vivo. PMID- 3250476 TI - Method for tracing oxygen-18 in vivo: application to ozone dosimetry in animals. PMID- 3250475 TI - Chemiluminescence-high performance liquid chromatography of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide in human blood plasma. PMID- 3250477 TI - Malondialdehyde derivatives in urine. PMID- 3250478 TI - Phagocyte dioxygenation reactions yielding chemiluminescence: the maximum multiplicity and spin conservation rules relative to oxygen reactivity. PMID- 3250479 TI - Bryostatin stimulation of human neutrophil luminol and DBA (lucigenin) chemiluminescence. PMID- 3250480 TI - Luciferase reverse micellar bioluminescence: kinetics and emission spectra. PMID- 3250481 TI - Prevention by propionylcarnitine of NADPH and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-dependent chemiluminescence in heart microsomes. PMID- 3250482 TI - Chemiluminescence from vitamin E-deficient erythrocyte membranes induced by xanthine oxidase reaction. PMID- 3250484 TI - Production and metabolism of cytotoxic phospholipids generated during incubation of liposomes with oxyhemoglobin. PMID- 3250483 TI - Monitoring the interactions of environmental agents by cell-dependent chemiluminescence: studies with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 3250485 TI - Lipid peroxidation dependent on oxygen and catalytic free iron ions in situ storage muscle foods. PMID- 3250486 TI - A unique role of histidine in Fe-catalyzed lipid oxidation by fish sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3250487 TI - Cholesterol epoxidations by defined oxygen species. PMID- 3250488 TI - Thermal decomposition of methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate hydroperoxides analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. PMID- 3250489 TI - Effect of dietary lipid peroxides on lymphoid tissues. PMID- 3250490 TI - Role of oxidative modification in the lability of ceruloplasmin. PMID- 3250491 TI - The oxidative modification of lens proteins. AB - In summary, in vitro oxidation of lens crystallins mimics many of the post translational modifications observed with age and in cataracts These results lend further support to earlier proposals that oxidation is a key factor in cataract formation. The extent to which ascorbate contributes to the oxidation reactions in vivo is not known. In addition to the data presented here that ascorbate can produce these effects in vitro, other observations support the possibility that under certain conditions ascorbate may be involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species in the lens. Using electron spin resonance the ascorbyl radical can be detected early in nuclear cataract formation, and there appears to be a decrease in total ascorbic acid (reduced and oxidized), suggesting further oxidation of ascorbate. Iron and copper are both present in mammalian lenses, and there are reports of increased copper levels in the lens with age and in cataracts. Increased metal ion concentrations would facilitate these oxidative processes. PMID- 3250492 TI - Degradation of the proteoglycans of human articular cartilage by reactive oxygen metabolites. PMID- 3250493 TI - Free radical denaturation of immunoglobulin G is due to amino acid oxidation: implications for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3250494 TI - Oxy radical-initiated protein S-thiolation and enzymic dethiolation. PMID- 3250495 TI - Modification of human low density lipoprotein by lipid peroxidation. PMID- 3250496 TI - Is oxidized low density lipoprotein involved in the recruitment and retention of monocyte/macrophages in the artery wall during the initiation of atherosclerosis? PMID- 3250497 TI - Copper and copper-nicotinic acid complexes mediated oxidation of high density lipoprotein. PMID- 3250498 TI - Oxidation of human low density lipoprotein initiated by copper (II) chloride. PMID- 3250499 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of an oxidized LDL in humans. PMID- 3250500 TI - Coronary disease: spectroscopic correlation of structure and size of plasma lipoproteins with patient clinical history. PMID- 3250501 TI - Interactions of oxygen and sulfhydryls with free radicals in irradiated mammalian cells. PMID- 3250502 TI - Oxidative damage to DNA in adrenocortical cells during senescence in culture. PMID- 3250503 TI - Substituted phthalocyanines as photodynamic sensitizers. PMID- 3250504 TI - Peroxyl radicals in aqueous media. PMID- 3250505 TI - Effects of singlet oxygen on the biological activity of DNA and its involvement in single strand-break formation. PMID- 3250506 TI - Determination of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in human urine: a possible assay for in vivo oxidative DNA damage. PMID- 3250507 TI - Urine biomarkers for oxidative DNA damage. PMID- 3250508 TI - Cytochrome P-450 model systems: alkene oxidation. PMID- 3250509 TI - Role of hemin in oxidative stress induced by divicine in vitamin E-deficient rats. PMID- 3250510 TI - The isolation and partial characterization of stable H2O2-resistant variants of Chinese hamster fibroblasts. PMID- 3250511 TI - Inhibition of peroxidation of membranes. PMID- 3250512 TI - Radioprotection of mice with ascorbic acid, desferal and mercaptoethylamine. PMID- 3250513 TI - Kinetic studies of alkoxyl radicals. PMID- 3250514 TI - Antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antiulcer activities of copper complexes suggest their use in a physiologic approach to treatment of arthritic diseases. PMID- 3250515 TI - Tocopherol behavior and membrane constituents in erythrocytes with oxidant stress. PMID- 3250516 TI - Porcine stress syndrome, free radicals and vitamin E. PMID- 3250518 TI - Serum antioxidant activity as a determinant of pulmonary dysfunction in cigarette smokers. PMID- 3250517 TI - Increased oxidation of tocopherols in chickens with inherited muscular dystrophy. PMID- 3250519 TI - Probing enzyme-substrate recognition and catalytic mechanism in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase. PMID- 3250520 TI - Extracellular-superoxide dismutase association with cell surface-bound sulfated glucosaminoglycans. PMID- 3250521 TI - Radical-induced degradation of organic halogen and sulfur compounds in oxygenated aqueous solutions. PMID- 3250522 TI - Sequence of complementary DNA encoding human extracellular-superoxide dismutase and production of recombinant enzyme. PMID- 3250523 TI - Induction of superoxide dismutase activity by paraquat or EDU in human gingival fibroblasts. PMID- 3250524 TI - Superoxide dismutase in cultured benign and malignant tumors of the colon. PMID- 3250525 TI - Microinjection of antioxidant enzymes to protect cells from oxygen derived free radicals. PMID- 3250526 TI - Human fibroblast antioxidant defense response to alteration in oxygen tension. PMID- 3250527 TI - Microsomal fatty acid composition and Ca2+ uptake modifications induced by SOD depletion in rat liver. PMID- 3250529 TI - The mechanism of quinone formation from carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene mediated by lipid peroxidation in liposomal suspension. PMID- 3250528 TI - Adaptations to plant pro-oxidants in a phytophagous insect model: enzymatic protection from oxidative stress. PMID- 3250530 TI - Lipid peroxidation, protein thiols and calcium homeostasis in bromobenzene induced liver damage. PMID- 3250531 TI - Vanadate stimulation of pyridine nucleotide oxidation in mammalian liver microsomal membranes. PMID- 3250532 TI - Mechanism of oxidation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-3,3-dihydropyridinium (MPDP+). PMID- 3250533 TI - Reduction of nitroheterocyclic drugs by ascorbate and catecholamines: a possible mechanism for the neurotoxicity of nitroheterocyclic drugs. PMID- 3250535 TI - Paraquat-resistant HeLa cells. PMID- 3250534 TI - Lipid peroxidation and haloalkylation in CCl4-induced liver fatty degeneration and necrosis. PMID- 3250536 TI - Effects of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes on macrophage and neutrophil membrane function, fluidity and sulfhydryl status. PMID- 3250537 TI - The post treatment experiment: an operational definition of reperfusion injury. PMID- 3250538 TI - Mechanisms of oxidant-mediated microvascular injury following reperfusion of the ischemic intestine. AB - Based on work from our laboratory and studies by others, we propose the following hypothesis to explain the interaction among xanthine oxidase, PMNs, and tissue injury in the postischemic small intestine (Figure 2). During the ischemic period, ATP is catabolized to yield hypoxanthine. The hypoxic stress also triggers the conversion of NAD-reducing xanthine dehydrogenase to the oxygen radical-producing xanthine oxidase via a protease. When the intestine is reperfused, molecular oxygen is reintroduced into the tissue where it reacts with hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase to produce a burst of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of ferric iron, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide react via the Haber-Weiss reaction to form hydroxyl radicals. This highly reactive and cytoxic free radical then initiates lipid peroxidation of cell membrane components and the subsequent release of substances that activate, attract, and promote the adherence of PMN to microvascular endothelium. The adherent PMN then causes further endothelial cell injury via the release of superoxide and various proteases. PMID- 3250539 TI - The amplificative role of PAF-acether in the oxidative stress following reperfusion of ischemic stomach. PMID- 3250540 TI - Equieffective protection by human and bovine SOD against renal reperfusion damage in rats. AB - Both hum-SOD and bov-SOD improved the impaired renal function during kidney reperfusion. In the experiments with a 60-min occlusion period the effects of bov SOD tended to be more pronounced than the effects of hum-SOD, whereas after a 30 min occlusion period the improvement of renal function by hum-SOD was more striking. In essence, therefore, hum-SOD proved to be equipotent to bov-SOD. The apoenzyme (Apo-SOD), lacking the active Cu moiety, virtually did not improve the renal function impairment. Thus, the protective effects of hum-SOD and bov-SOD must be ascribed to the enzymatic function of these proteins. PMID- 3250541 TI - Abnormal electrical activity induced by H2O2 in isolated canine myocytes. PMID- 3250542 TI - Role of oxygen radicals in endotoxin shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 3250543 TI - Plasma lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis in restricted ovulator chickens. PMID- 3250544 TI - The role of iron in injury of endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3250545 TI - Alterations in cultured rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells with hyperoxia; effect of age. PMID- 3250546 TI - Lung energy metabolism following twenty-four hours exposure to one hundred percent oxygen. PMID- 3250547 TI - Prostaglandins and leukotrienes in pulmonary O2 toxicity. PMID- 3250548 TI - Lipid peroxidation, free radicals and experimental inflammation. PMID- 3250549 TI - Anterior uveitis: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3250550 TI - Effectiveness of silastic sheet coverage in the treatment of scar keloid (hypertrophic scar) AB - Several methods for the treatment of scar keloids have been reported. In this article, use of a 1-mm-thick silastic sheet placed over the scar keloid for 8-12 hours daily is reported. This procedure produced better results than the so called pressure method. PMID- 3250551 TI - The proband method in psychiatric epidemiology: a bias associated with differences in family size. AB - Psychiatric epidemiology has traditionally employed both census and proband-based methods to determine the population prevalence of psychiatric disorders. In this article we outline a potential bias in the proband method. With this method, the probability of ascertainment for an individual depends on the number of available relatives. If the average size of families containing one or more affected individuals (RA) differs from the average size of families with no affected individuals (RU), then the ratio of the prevalence estimated by the proband method to the true prevalence is approximately [(RA - 1)/(RU - 1)]. For certain psychiatric disorders associated with decreased family size (e.g. schizophrenia), the underestimation of prevalence by the proband method may be non-trivial. PMID- 3250552 TI - Uptake of immunisation in district health authorities in England. AB - The uptakes of immunisation in the district health authorities in England were studied for the years 1983-5. Multiple regression analysis showed that the factors significantly associated with a low uptake of immunisation were mainly related to social conditions, particularly overcrowding of households and population density. Of the service factors, high proportions of elderly and singlehanded general practitioners and high average list sizes were also associated with a low uptake of immunisation in some of the analyses. The results suggest that the measures outlined in the government's white paper on improving primary health care services are likely to lead to improved uptakes of immunisation. If, however, the uptakes of immunisation are used as a measure of standards of the services provided they should first be adjusted to control for variations in social conditions, and the quality of vaccination data would have to be improved. PMID- 3250553 TI - Uptake of immunization. PMID- 3250554 TI - Changes in the respiratory quotient during surgery with or without carbohydrate loading. PMID- 3250555 TI - [Mobilization of the urethra in the treatment of anterior hypospadias. Notes on surgical technic]. PMID- 3250556 TI - Observations on early and late post-sporozoite tissue stages in primate malaria. V. The effect of pyrimethamine and proguanil upon tissue hypnozoites and schizonts of Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii. AB - Two rhesus monkeys were each infected with 2.1 x 10(6) sporozoites of Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii; one was treated with 1.0 mg of pyrimethamine base per kg body weight for 5 d after sporozoite inoculation. A further 2 monkeys were each infected with 9.75 x 10(6) sporozoites of the same parasite; one was treated with 10 mg of proguanil per kg body weight for 4 out of 5 d after inoculation. The treated monkeys showed a delayed primary parasitaemia and relapses. In sections of liver biopsies taken 7.5 d after sporozoite inoculation, all monkeys showed numerous hypnozoites. However, there were no full grown schizonts and only rare retarded schizonts in the treated monkeys, in contrast to the untreated monkeys which had many mature or nearly mature schizonts. Later biopsies confirmed the continued presence of hypnozoites in all monkeys. PMID- 3250557 TI - A Catholic perspective on religion and organ transplantation. PMID- 3250558 TI - Amine cations promote concurrent conversion of prohistidine decarboxylase from Lactobacillus 30a to active enzyme and a modified proenzyme. AB - Activation of prohistidine decarboxylase (pi 6) from Lactobacillus 30a proceeds by an intramolecular, pH- and monovalent cation-dependent reaction in which its constituent pi chains are cleaved nonhydrolytically between Ser-81 and Ser-82 with loss of NH3 and conversion of Ser-82 to the pyruvoyl residue of active histidine decarboxylase (alpha beta)6. Amines with pKa values more than 7.0 substitute for K+ or NH4+ in the activation of prohistidine decarboxylase, but they also catalyze its inactivation in a competing reaction, pi 6----pi'6. Sequence analysis of the appropriate tryptic peptide from amine-inactivated prohistidine decarboxylase established that inactivation results from conversion of Ser-82 of the pi chain to an aminoacrylate residue. The inactivated proenzyme (pi'6) does not form histidine decarboxylase; this fact eliminates one of two postulated mechanisms of activation and, thus, favors activation by beta elimination of the acyl group of an intermediate ester formed between Ser-81 and Ser-82. L-Histidine is bound by the proenzyme (Kd = 1.7 x 10(-4) M) and is an effective activator; one binding site is present per pi subunit. K+, NH4+, and Na+ competitively inhibit (Ki values = 2.8-4.4 x 10(-3) M) activation by histidine. The data suggest the presence of two classes of monovalent cation binding sites on prohistidine decarboxylase: one (near Ser-82) is readily saturable and one is unsaturable even by 2.4 M K+. PMID- 3250559 TI - Medical dramas and the press. PMID- 3250560 TI - Sheep scab control. PMID- 3250561 TI - Lyme disease in Canada. PMID- 3250562 TI - Specialty perspective: periodontal therapy overview. PMID- 3250563 TI - The retroalveolar notch. PMID- 3250564 TI - Functional significance of pressure sensation conveyed by removable partial dentures. PMID- 3250565 TI - Leakage of various types of alloys at the porcelain-metal interface. PMID- 3250566 TI - Laboratory and clinical study of a visible-light-polymerized elastomeric impression material. PMID- 3250567 TI - A comparison of the shear bond strength between two composite resins and two etched ceramic materials. PMID- 3250568 TI - A study of mastication in dentate individuals. PMID- 3250570 TI - The confirmation letter: information and protection. PMID- 3250569 TI - A new system for measuring condylar path and computing anterior guidance: Part I. Measuring principle. PMID- 3250572 TI - Adult orthodontics as an adjunct to restorative care. PMID- 3250571 TI - The effect of Listerine antiseptic on denture microbial flora and denture stomatitis. PMID- 3250573 TI - Congenital partial anodontia: prosthodontic considerations. PMID- 3250574 TI - Photoaxiography for transverse horizontal axis location. PMID- 3250575 TI - The strength of cemented alumina core and magnesia core crowns. PMID- 3250576 TI - Impact fracture patterns of intact and restored human maxillary central incisors. PMID- 3250577 TI - Responses to Evonne Fowler, RN, MN, CETN's inquiry statement. Pressure ulcer prevention, treatment and monitoring in an HMO environment. PMID- 3250578 TI - A study to compare the overall performance of two hydrocolloid dressings on partial thickness wounds. AB - This study was conducted to compare the overall performance of a test dressing (RestoreTM Wound Care Dressing, Hollister Incorporated), because it is newer to the market, to a control dressing (Duoderm, Convatec, A Squibb Company) a product that is more established in the market. The study was random, unblinded, controlled and utilized a sample of subjects with non-infected dermal ulcers and partial-thickness wounds. Compared to the control dressing, the test dressing was more absorbent, easier to use and wore twice as long. This dressing was also more flexible, conformable, adhesive and durable. Significantly less barrier residue remained on the wound bed and/or periwound area with the test dressing, and significantly more wounds were evaluated as healed or improved. The clinical data strongly established the superior performance of the test dressing over the control occlusive dressing. PMID- 3250579 TI - Pressure relief capabilities of the Sof.Care bed and the Clinitron bed. AB - The number of support surfaces marketed as pressure relieving devices has escalated during recent years and objective measures are needed to evaluate those that are effective. The purpose of this study was to compare the pressure relief capabilities of a special three-layered plastic air mattress (Sof.Care Bed Cushion--Gaymar), an air-fluidized bed (Clinitron--Support Systems International) and a standard hospital mattress. Sixty-four volunteers served as their own control as they were rotated onto the three sleep surfaces. Tissue interface pressure measurements were taken over bony prominences where pressure ulcers are most likely to occur: the sacrum, the greater trochanter of the femur and the heels. A one-way analysis of variance was computed for interface measurement scores by type of surface and a statistically significant difference was found among the three surfaces. A Newman-Keuls test was employed to compare the mean scores between two groups at a time. Both the Sof.Care Cushion and the Clinitron Bed differed significantly from the hospital mattress in the ability to relieve pressure. There was no statistical difference between the Sof.Care Cushion and the Clinitron Bed in the ability to relieve pressure over the sacrum, trochanter, or heels. However tissue pressure readings under the heels were greater than 32 mm Hg on both the Clinitron and Sof.Care surfaces. The data from this study, by looking at a larger sample supports our prior findings. PMID- 3250581 TI - Comfeel: for the record. PMID- 3250580 TI - Surveillance of skin response after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. PMID- 3250583 TI - Supplementation and breastfeeding duration. PMID- 3250584 TI - A response to formula company research. PMID- 3250585 TI - Mexican cultural beliefs and breastfeeding: a model for assessment and intervention. AB - This article describes a model which organizes beliefs and practices of women of Mexican descent and describes counseling approaches for each. The four categories of beliefs and practices are beneficial, harmless, harmful and uncertain. Counseling ideas for each of the categories includes approaches to encourage, ignore, dissuade or observe to categorize the belief later. Situational examples correspond to each category to illustrate how the model can be incorporated into practice. The model provides a methodology for assessment and intervention which considers and respects the cultural elements that influence breastfeeding. PMID- 3250586 TI - Who me? Do research? PMID- 3250587 TI - Weeping areolar eczema. PMID- 3250589 TI - Product evaluation: nipple shields. PMID- 3250588 TI - Eczema of the nipple/areola area. PMID- 3250590 TI - The international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes. Part two of a series. PMID- 3250591 TI - [Analysis of the frontal plane]. PMID- 3250582 TI - Seventh International Conference on Methods in Protein Sequence Analysis. July 3 8, 1988, West Berlin, F.R.G. Short communications. PMID- 3250592 TI - [Functional and esthetic restoration with cost containment]. PMID- 3250593 TI - [The how, when and why of canal retreatment]. PMID- 3250594 TI - [Minor orthodontic movement: histological gingival analysis]. PMID- 3250596 TI - [Focus and illumination]. PMID- 3250595 TI - [A case of leukoplakia from bimetallism in a single tooth]. PMID- 3250597 TI - [Electrosurgery: a variety of uses]. PMID- 3250598 TI - [Microscopic analysis of canal cements]. PMID- 3250599 TI - [Identikit for premolars]. PMID- 3250600 TI - [Use of hydroxyapatite]. PMID- 3250601 TI - [Mandibular dysfunction syndrome: diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3250603 TI - [With Fido at the dentist]. PMID- 3250602 TI - [Clinical case of a migrating abscess: symptoms and therapy]. PMID- 3250604 TI - [Upper denture plan with intraradicular pins]. PMID- 3250605 TI - ["Patchwork" amalgam restorations]. PMID- 3250606 TI - [Reconstruction of residual tooth structure]. PMID- 3250609 TI - [Esthetic rehabilitation of the patient]. PMID- 3250608 TI - [28-month follow-up of attachment application]. PMID- 3250607 TI - [Tertiary dentin: growth, structure and function]. PMID- 3250610 TI - [Treatment plan: the indispensible help of the patient]. PMID- 3250611 TI - [Indispensible auxiliary mechanical action in disinfectant use]. PMID- 3250612 TI - [Condensation? Mechanical is better]. PMID- 3250614 TI - [Immediate denture]. PMID- 3250613 TI - [Bacterial forms in the periodontal pocket]. PMID- 3250615 TI - [Conscious sedation with nitrous oxide in pedodontics]. PMID- 3250616 TI - [Crossbite and occlusal function]. PMID- 3250617 TI - [Hybrid composites: evolution and analysis]. PMID- 3250618 TI - [Intraosseous migration of a retained mandibular canine]. PMID- 3250619 TI - [The covalent-sorption reconstitution of steroid hydroxylases]. AB - The effect of covalent immobilization via free amino groups on the catalytic activity of individual components of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage and 11b steroid hydroxylation systems (adrenodoxin reductase, adrenodoxin, cytochrome P 450scc and cytochrome P-450(11)b) as well as on that of co-immobilized protein complexes. The protein complex formation at different stages of the monooxygenase cycle (i.e., reduction, oxygenation) was followed by direct spectrophotometric monitoring of the functional state of the immobilized complexes. Cholesterol side chain cleavage was carried out in minicolumns, using various combinations of immobilized and soluble proteins. Cytochromes P-450scc and P-450(11)b were found to retain their functional activities after immobilization via free SH-groups. PMID- 3250621 TI - [Penetration of ascorbic acid into bilayer phospholipid membranes]. AB - Using the EPR method, the temperature dependencies of the rates of ascorbic acid induced reduction of nitroxyl radicals carrying the nitroxyl fragment in different positions of the fatty acid chain [N(4-methylidene++-1-oxyl-2,2,5,5 tetramethyl-3-imidazolidine hydrazine)]myristic acid (I) and 1-oxyl-2,2 dimethyloxazolidine derivatives of 5-ketostearic (II) and 12-ketostearic (III) acids incorporated into egg phosphatidylcholine liposomal membranes were studied. The reduction rates, activation energy and shape of kinetic curves were found to be dependent on the mode of liposome preparation (ultrasonication or reverse phase evaporation), label type and chemical composition of the membrane (with regard to the presence or absence of stearic acid). The coefficients of partition and diffusion of ascorbic acid through the membrane lipid bilayer were calculated from the rates of transbilayer (flip-flop) diffusion of I and ascorbate penetration inside the liposomes containing Fremi salt nitroxyl radical. The experimental results formed the basis for a hypothesis on the dependence of the rate of membrane-embedded spin probe reduction on the ascorbate distribution pattern inside the lipid bilayer. PMID- 3250620 TI - [Local homology of amino acid sequences of histones H3, H4 and the protein repressor lambda Cro. Possible conformation of homologous histone sites in DNP]. AB - A mathematical analysis of amino acid sequences was carried out with a view of detecting possible homology between histones H3 and H4 and repressor-activator proteins of prokaryotes according to the A. I. criterion which reflects the similarity of their primary structure. It was found that the sites of eukaryotic histones H3 (102-123) and H4 (68-85) and site alpha 3 (24-25) of the prokaryotic repressor protein lambda Cro, i. e., the site of protein interaction with DNA, reveal a statistically significant homology. The A. I. value for the H3 site of lambda Cro is 3.37, that for the H4 site of calf thymus and sea horse is 3.28. The amino acid sequences of these proteins in the alpha 2-alpha 3 site, i. e., the site in which the homology between amino acid sequences of histones and DNA binding proteins had been established previously, with regard to similarity of their secondary structure of the helix-turn-helix type, were analyzed. A pairwise comparison of H3 and protein lambda Cro showed that the A. I. value for histones H3 from various sources is approximately 2.7; however, the homology of the alpha 2 site is lower than that of site alpha 3. It is concluded that there exists an evolutionary relationship between homologous segments of histones H3 and H4 and protein lambda Cro, which can be preserved in order to maintain a definite secondary structure, presumably for binding to DNA. PMID- 3250622 TI - [Change in intracellular activity and secretion of various lysosomal glycosidases of human fibroblasts cultured in medium with sucrose]. AB - Intracellular activation of lysosomal glycosidases from human skin fibroblasts (alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-D-hexosaminidase, beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D glucuronidase) was shown to occur on the 3rd-6th days of cultivation in media containing 0.04 M sucrose. The increase in the enzyme activity ranged from 40 to 300% depending on cell strain, nature of enzyme and cultivation time. Among pre- and postnatal fibroblast strains, those with a high and low response to sucrose load were identified. The maximal intracellular activation was observed in beta-D galactosidase, the minimal one--in beta-D-glucuronidase. In pathological cells (Krabbe's disease) the highest activation by sucrose load was observed, as in normal cells, with beta-D-galactosidase, whereas the lowest one--with beta-D glucuronidase. Secretion of lysosomal glycosidase is selective and noncoordinated. The maximal secretion of alpha-L-fucosidase and beta-D hexosaminidase was observed within the first 24 hours (intensive sucrose endocytosis), but was considerably decreased at later times, i. e., by the 3rd and 6th days. The enzymes secreted during the 1st and 3rd days differed significantly in stability (37 degrees C, pH 7.0). PMID- 3250623 TI - [Role of the cytosolic factor in the interaction of [3H] alpha-tocopherol with rat liver nuclei]. AB - A protein fraction (Mr = 30-70 kD) specifically binding [3H]alpha-tocopherol was isolated from rat liver cytosol. Using high performance ion exchange chromatography, this fraction was separated into acid and alkaline protein subfractions. Acid proteins make up to 41% of the total protein pool and they bind the label 8 times more intensively than the alkaline ones. Cytosol and its protein fraction with an average molecular mass increase 2.2-2.5-fold the binding of labeled vitamin E to isolated liver nuclei. It is concluded that the cytosolic proteins having a medium molecular mass are involved in tocopherol interaction with the nuclei. PMID- 3250624 TI - [Dynamics of the biosynthesis of components of the protein synthesizing apparatus of the rat liver at the stage of restoration of translation, inhibited by cycloheximide]. AB - The biosynthesis of proteins, ribosomal RNA and other components of the rat liver protein-synthesizing system during the reparation and subsequent activation of translation inhibited by a sublethal dose cycloheximide (CHI, 3 mg/kg) was studied. It was found that the incorporation of labeled precursors into proteins and ribosomal rRNA isolated from free and membrane-bound polysomes is repaired already 3 hours after CHI injection. 6-9 hours thereafter, the level of component labeling reaches control values, whereas the total protein biosynthesis is retarded. After 12-24 hours, marked stimulation of ribosome biosynthesis and the integration of ribosomes into polysomes are observed together with an asymmetric accumulation of excessive amounts of newly synthesized 40S subunits into polysomes 12 hours after CHI infection. The putative mechanisms of the activation of expression of the part of the genome responsible for protein and ribosomal rRNA synthesis as well as for the synthesis of other components of the protein synthesizing system are discussed. PMID- 3250625 TI - [Structural identity of active sites of RNases]. AB - It is known that the affinity of all nucleoside monophosphate isomers for RNAase active sites increases in the following order: 5'-NMP----3'-NMP----2'-NMP, irrespective of the RNAase type (pyrimidine-specific, guanine-specific or non specific) and stage of activity (transferase, hydrolase). It is known also that the nucleotides with the same degree of isomerism have substantially the same conformation. It was thus supposed that the structure of active sites of RNAase has common features with a closer similarity in case of pyrimidine-specific (EC 3.1.4.22), guanine-specific (EC 3.1.4.8) and non-specific (EC 3.1.4.23) RNAases. PMID- 3250626 TI - Theoretical analysis of the effects of a radial activation wave and twisting motion on the mechanics of the left ventricle. AB - The mechanical effects resulting from the normal transmural delay of electrical depolarization of the myocardium are investigated. An activation sequence having a finite radial propagation velocity is introduced into the equations of ventricular mechanics. The resulting system of coupled integral equations is solved using a perturbation method based on the small ratio of transmural propagation time to cardiac period. Numerical calculations are performed using cavity pressure and volume waveforms characteristic of the canine left ventricle (LV), for both simultaneous and delayed activation of fiber layers. The results show that a finite transmural electrical propagation velocity tends to: (i) equalize the transmural distribution of sarcomere length during systole; (ii) equalize the transmural distribution of fiber external work/vol; and (iii) insignificantly affect myocardial tissue pressure. Calculations are also performed to investigate the mechanical effects resulting from the application of an externally applied moment that prevents LV torsion. Those results are highly dependent on the transmural distribution of sarcomere length in the stress-free reference state (unloaded diastole). When we assume a uniform distribution, then normal torsion acting with normal activation delay tends to: (i) increase the magnitude of fiber strain in the subendocardium and decrease it in the subepicardium; (ii) equalize the transmural distribution of fiber external work/vol; and (iii) lower myocardial tissue pressure. The normally occurring transmural delay of activation tends to lessen endocardial O2 demand, while the normally occurring torsion further lessens that demand and improves O2 supply. PMID- 3250627 TI - A programmable, computer-controlled cone-plate viscometer for the application of pulsatile shear stress to platelet suspensions. AB - Described is a special purpose cone-plate viscometer that is capable of acceleration or deceleration through a step change in speed in less than 0.7s. The speed of the rotating cone is controlled by a microcomputer which can be programmed to generate speed vs time ramp functions of variable slope. Prior calibration of motor power required to shear Newtonian fluids of known viscosity at various speeds provides the basis for determination of apparent suspension viscosity and enables the viscometer automatically to compensate for changing sample viscosity during shear. The viscometer was used to carry out a series of preliminary studies in which platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was subjected to continuous and pulsatile shear stress at 37 degrees C. Shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPAG) was significantly greater in response to pulsatile versus continuous shearing except at the lowest applied stress (10 dyn/cm2). Increases ranged from about 40 percent at a stress amplitude of 25 dyn/cm2 to nearly 55 percent at dyn/cm2. This increasing trend with stress amplitude might be interpreted as a positive correlation between SIPAG and the loading rate. Dense granule release, as indicated by serotonin release, was dependent on both stress amplitude and number of pulses even at the higher stress where SIPAG was independent of pulse number. PMID- 3250628 TI - A disk-type apparatus for applying fluid shear stress on cultured endothelial cell. AB - To study the effect of fluid shear stress on cultured endothelial cells, we have developed an apparatus for the stress creation, which consists of a stainless steel disk driven by an electric DC motor and a stage to place a culture dish and to adjust the distance between the disk and the dish. When the disk is rotated, a concentric fluid movement occurs in the culture medium in the dish and exerts the shear stress on the endothelial cells cultured on the bottom of the dish. A theoretical analyses concerning the induced concentric flow velocity predicted that when the angular velocity of the disk rotation (omega) is slow enough to maintain a Reynolds' number of the order of 10, the exerted wall shear stress tau w on the endothelial cell monolayer is given for a constant as tau w = mu r omega/d where mu is the viscosity of the medium, d the distance from the plate to the monolayer and r the radial distance from the center of the dish. When omega is varied in a sinusoidal mode tau w also becomes sinusoidal, thus allowing to apply a pulsatile stress. In vitro experiments carried out to examine the validity of the theoretical results, using a suspension of polystyrene as a tracer with the ordinary culture medium and 99% ethanol, revealed excellent agreement of the measured velocity profiles with the predicted ones. The results demonstrated that the present apparatus can create both the steady and pulsatile wall shear stress on the culture cell layer as expected, unless Reynolds' number greatly exceeds the level of 10. PMID- 3250629 TI - Erythrocyte aggregate rheology by transmitted and reflected light. AB - Both the transmission of light through a confined layer of blood and the reflection from the surface of that layer have been utilized for studying the rheology of erythrocyte aggregates. The two methods do not necessarily provide the same information. The light reflected from the blood layer relates to the rheological behavior of erythrocytes near the blood surface, whereas the light transmitted relates more to the properties of blood in bulk. This investigation makes direct comparison between the transmitted and reflected light methods with regard to the kinetics of aggregation in thin and thick layers of blood as well as following shear flow excitation steps of different sizes. Also, the transmission and reflection for static blood layers of varying thicknesses were determined. The kinetics of aggregation from transmitted and reflected light measurements are compared both graphically and by equations containing multiple characteristic aggregation times. The number of characteristic times required for accurate description increases with the time over which the aggregation process is monitored. The first 40 seconds of the aggregation process are precisely described by two characteristic times. For normal blood the characteristic times from reflection measurements are shorter than those from transmission measurements. PMID- 3250630 TI - Intensification of ciliary motility by extracellular ATP. AB - Ciliary metachronism and motility were examined optically in tissue cultures from frog palate epithelium as a function of extracellular ATP concentration in the range of 10(-7)-10(-3) M. The main findings were: a) upon addition of ATP the metachronal wavelength increased by a factor of up to 2. b) the velocity of the metachronal wave increased by a factor of up to 5. c) the frequency of ciliary beating increased by a factor of up to 2-3, the increase being temperature insensitive in the range of 15 degrees C-25 degrees C. d) the area under the 1 second FFT spectrum decreased by a factor of up to 2.5. e) the energy of the metachronal wave is increased by a factor of up to 9.5. f) all the spectrum parameters are subject to influence by ATP, as also by ADP and AMP. However, there are pronounced differences in the various responses to them. Based on these findings, physical aspects of the rate increase of particle transport caused by addition of extracellular ATP are explained. A plausible overall chemical mechanism causing pronounced changes in ciliary motility is discussed. PMID- 3250631 TI - The sedimentation potential and the boycott effect. AB - The sedimentation potential or the Dorn effect occurs when heavy particles fall in a liquid. An electrode near the bottom of the vessel acquires a potential difference with respect to another identical electrode placed near the upper surface of the solution. The Boycott phenomenon enhances the sedimentation in inclined vessels. In this investigation, fixed erythrocytes at 2-3% concentration were studied. The shapes include discs, oblate spheroids, spheres and spindles. From the sedimentation potentials, the zeta potentials were calculated and compared with those determined by laser Doppler velocity. By using a technique of reduced variables, it is shown that all of the data could be placed on a single curve, combining particle flexibility, shape, concentration and angle of inclination. PMID- 3250632 TI - Fluidity and osmotic sensitivity changes of phospholipase A2-treated liposomes. AB - Membrane fluidity and osmotic sensitivity were examined in DPPC liposomes treated with phospholipase A2 (PL.A2) in the presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+. The amount of liposome phospholipid hydrolyzed differed with the two ions. Embedded DPH, a rod like fluorescent probe, was employed in the determination of membrane fluidity. Membrane fluidity decreased according to the degree of phospholipid hydrolization in liposomes by PL.A2. The reciprocal value of absorption at 450 nm was measured as the index of osmotic sensitivity of liposomes. Intact sonicated liposomes showed osmotic insensitivity. PL.A2-treated liposomes in which about 40% of total phospholipid was hydrolyzed showed osmotic sensitivity. No change in the membrane fluidity was obtained when PL.A2-treated liposomes were exposed to hypertonic or hypotonic solution. These results suggested that the motion of the acyl-chain of phospholipids and free fatty acids was resisted in PL.A2-treated liposomes. The resistance may be due to a phase separation between phospholipids and free fatty acids. The pore for water permeation might be induced in the border between phase separated domains in PL.A2-treated liposomes. PMID- 3250633 TI - Osmotic behavior of red blood cell as seen with an ultrasonic method. AB - We have measured the density and ultrasonic velocity (usv) of swine red blood cell (RBC) suspensions in the wide osmolarity range from 300 mOsm to 1400 mOsm in saline solution. The cellular density and compressibility of RBC at each osmolarity were obtained using the fact that the density and the compressibility are additive by volume. The osmolarity dependence of hematocrit was also measured at a constant number concentration of RBC in the range of 300 mOsm to 1700 mOsm. The cellular density and the cellular compressibility of RBC as well as the inverse of hematocrit were expressed well into one unique exponential type equation f (pi) = a [1 - b exp (-c pi)] with a common value for the coefficient c = 0.0025 against the osmolarity pi. The results were analyzed with a simple consideration based only upon the contribution of free water inside the erythrocyte through the volume concentration phi of the free water in it. According to this theoretical analysis, the density and the compressibility of the free water were found to be 0.990 g/cm3 and 4.59 x 10(-11) cm2/dyne which agree closely with 0.998 g/cm3 and 4.59 x 10(-11) cm2/dyn of pure water at 20 degrees C within the experimental error. PMID- 3250634 TI - Analysis of thromboelastogram on coagulation and fibrinolysis. AB - Hartert's thromboelastography has been used in the diagnosis of abnormal blood clotting for more than 20 years. From a thromboelastogram three parameters are obtained, viz, the reaction time 'r', the rate of formation of fibrin clot 'k', the maximum elasticity of thrombus 'amax'. It is desirable, however, to know the equation that describes the thromboelastogram both in the period in which the complex modulus increases with time because of coagulation, and in the period in which the complex modulus decreases with time because of fibrinolysis. The parameters of the equation could then be used as a diagnostic criterion; yielding information on the mechanism of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Based on our experimental results on human blood in normal and abnormal subjects, we found that the complex modulus of thromboelastograms can be expressed by the sum of two terms, one describing the increase of the complex modulus during coagulation, G1 = G'1 Exp (-tau 1/t), the other describing the decrease of the complex modulus during fibrinolysis, G2 = G'2 Exp (-tau 2/(t-D) when t greater than D. G2 = 0 when t less than D. The compound complex modulus from coagulation to fibrinolysis is G = G1 - G2. Here t is the clotting time, and G'1, G'2, tau 1, tau 2, and D are five constants to be identified. These five constants can be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. PMID- 3250635 TI - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate III tube diameter dependence in saline solution. AB - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was measured in a physiological saline solution as a function of both the tube diameter d and the initial suspension length iota 0. All the sedimentation curves in the vertical tubes were found to overlap over the range 1 mm less than d less than 7 mm and 100 mm less than iota 0 less than 330 mm, within the precision of 8 %. The sedimentation curves in the tilted tubes fit well to an exponential equation of iota = a [1 - exp (-bt)], where iota and t are the medium length along the tube and the elapsed time from sample injection respectively: At fixed tilt angle theta and iota 0, a was roughly constant and b was roughly proportional to l/d, while at fixed theta and d, a was linearly proportional to iota 0 and b was constant. The initial slope ESR (theta) = (d iota/dt) t----0 = ab was represented by a unique straight line as a function of iota 0/d for each fixed tilt angle. The experimental results were compared with some recent theories. PMID- 3250636 TI - Uniform strain hypothesis and thin-walled theory in arterial mechanics. AB - The authors (1987), and Chuong and Fung (1986) have shown that the strain and stress distributions in the arterial wall should be more uniform than those calculated on the basis of the conventional assumption that there is no stress over the cross-section of the arterial wall when all external force is removed (zero initial stress hypothesis). Instead of this assumption, the authors have proposed a new hypothesis that the circumferential strain uniformly distributes through the wall thickness at a physiologically normal loading, and named it 'uniform strain hypothesis'. Their results suggest the validity of the thin walled theory in the vascular mechanics. This paper shows that if the uniform strain hypothesis is applied, the thin-walled theory can be used to accurately determine the constants included in the strain energy density function which describes the mechanical properties of the arterial wall. There were, however, significant differences in the values of the constants between the thin-walled theory and the thick-walled theory if assuming the conventional zero initial stress hypothesis. PMID- 3250637 TI - Localization of atherosclerotic lesions in the curving sites of human internal carotid arteries. AB - We studied the distribution of the early atherosclerotic lesions in the curving sites of the human internal carotid arteries composed of the carotid siphon portion (part I) and carotid canal portion (part II). These early atherosclerotic lesions included a localized cloudy thickening with pallor, slight elevation, a non-fibrotic lesion and gray-white or yellowish-white, firm, elevated fibrous plaques. These lesions had the same pattern-distribution in each curving artery. Both were located in the distal regions from the middle of the inner curvature of parts I and II, where eddying fluid motions and directional change in the wall shear stress were considered to occur. In part I, there was a localized cloudy thickening in the younger subjects (average age: 22.8 years) rather than fibrous plaques (average age: 63.3 years). A positive correlation between the extent of the surface areas involved with fibrous plaques and the age of subjects was found in parts I and II. The extent of the surface areas involved with fibrous plaques was significantly greater in part I (26.9%) than in part II (7.85%). The radius of curvature was shorter in the former than in the latter. These results suggest that hemodynamic factors associated with flow in the curving sites of arteries may be important for the localization and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 3250638 TI - [70th meeting of the Association of Anatomists, 4th colloquium of the Circle on the Biology of Reproduction; 1st colloquium of the French-speaking Association of Cytogeneticists. 19-21 September 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3250639 TI - Mechanisms of transduction in cellular biology. The transmission of cell surface signals to the nucleus. Paris, 20-21 October 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3250640 TI - [Studies on high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of safflomin A and B in safflower yellow (the extract of Carthamus tinctorius L.) and commercial safflower yellows]. PMID- 3250641 TI - [Distribution of 2,2'-methylenebis (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) in rat fat]. PMID- 3250642 TI - [Experience on using a new equipment for measuring melting point]. PMID- 3250643 TI - [Studies on discrimination of confiscated cannabis products by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector]. PMID- 3250645 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies to sheep erythrocyte antigens. PMID- 3250644 TI - [Evaluation and improvement of field test kits for identification of abused drugs]. PMID- 3250646 TI - [Chemical and microbiological examinations of home-water purifiers]. PMID- 3250647 TI - [Migration of heavy metals into food-simulating solvents from aluminum pans]. PMID- 3250648 TI - [Residue on evaporation of the migration solution of the plastic part of corn poppers]. PMID- 3250649 TI - [pH of the aqueous extracts from talc prepared for the food additive]. PMID- 3250650 TI - [Estimation of daily intake of glycyrrhizic acid according to the market basket studies in Japan (I)]. PMID- 3250651 TI - [Mycological survey of frozen vegetables and fruits products for standardization purpose]. PMID- 3250652 TI - [Riboflavin reference standard (Control 871) of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences]. PMID- 3250653 TI - [Ascorbic acid reference standard (Control 861) of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences]. PMID- 3250654 TI - [Measurement of DNA damage in urinary bladder epithelium by alkaline elution assay]. PMID- 3250655 TI - [Subacute toxicity study of bis (2,3,3,3-tetrachloropropyl) ether]. PMID- 3250656 TI - [Combined long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity test of p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX) applied to female mouse skin]. PMID- 3250657 TI - [Studies on the teratogenic potential of sodium dehydroacetate in rats]. PMID- 3250658 TI - [Effects of dibenzyltoluene on fetal developments of rats]. PMID- 3250659 TI - [Application of X-ray analytical scanning electron microscopy to the detection of asbestos in talc]. PMID- 3250660 TI - [Application and significance of X-ray analytical scanning electron microscopy in investigation of rat urinary bladder stones]. PMID- 3250661 TI - [Studies on the dissolution behaviors of indomethacin extended-release capsules by the flow-through method]. PMID- 3250662 TI - Determination of prenylamine lactate tablets by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3250663 TI - [Hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity of rats induced by administration of 2 nitro-p-cresol and sodium deoxycholate]. PMID- 3250664 TI - [Determination of six esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in eye liner by high speed liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3250665 TI - Marital violence in the community. A biographical approach. AB - A study of women in Islington confirms earlier findings of a high rate of reported marital violence (25% experiencing it at some time in their lives). Women who had experienced marital violence tended not to repeat the same pattern in subsequent relationships. Violence was associated with childhood neglect, but not early violence. Premarital pregnancy and teenage marriage were links between early neglect and marital violence, and were also important correlates of later marital violence, irrespective of such earlier lack of care. These early-adult experiences were also related to spending longer in a violent relationship. Women experiencing marital violence were more likely to have been depressed, and to have had low self-esteem, in the 3-year study period. PMID- 3250666 TI - Arrest patterns among mentally disordered offenders. AB - One unknown factor in the link between crime and mental illness is whether or not mentally ill offenders are more liable than others to arrest. Ninety-one mentally ill, and 76 normal, criminally offending men were asked about the circumstances of their offence and arrest. A majority of mentally ill men had been arrested at the scene of the crime, and more than a quarter of the schizophrenic group had reported themselves to the police. We argue that when many offenders are either unreported or undetected, the increased vulnerability of the mentally ill to detection and arrest makes them disproportionately liable to detection. Attempting to assess the relationship between crime and mental illness is thus extremely difficult. PMID- 3250667 TI - Psychiatric and legal aspects of persistent litigation. AB - There is a paucity of literature in English about those people who persistently complain. In Germany and in Scandinavia, a diagnosis of querulent paranoia may be made, although this interesting and uncommon syndrome is rarely recognised in the UK. Five cases of litigiousness or persistent complaining are reported, to illustrate the typical psychopathology and the types of diagnosis that occur. Four of these people are barred from further litigation by the courts (vexatious litigants) and were contacted directly for the purpose of this study. PMID- 3250668 TI - Did manic-depressive patients who committed suicide receive prophylactic or continuation treatment at the time? AB - Ninety-two Danish manic-depressive patients with a first psychiatric admission between 1969 and 1983, who committed suicide before 1 July 1986, were considered. Information on any prophylactic or continuation treatment at the time of the suicide was obtained. In 64 of the patients, every precaution seems to have been taken: 28 patients committed suicide during ongoing treatment; 10 while not receiving prophylactic treatment (not indicated); 7 while not in prophylactic treatment because the patients refused or did not tolerate such; and 19 while in prophylactic treatment with antidepressants (10), or lithium (6), or both (3), in usually adequate dosage. In 28 of the patients, suicide might have been obviated. Guidelines for improvement of suicide prevention in manic-depressive illness are presented. PMID- 3250669 TI - A study of mild dementia in the community using a wide range of diagnostic criteria. AB - The result of, and difficulties in, applying a range of existing criteria for mild dementia to a random sample of community elderly aged 70 years and over is examined. By one or more criteria, 25% had mild dementia, and almost 30% of these had additional psychiatric disorders, mostly depression. Prevalence rates for mild dementia varied widely according to the different criteria. Rates of mild dementia increased with age. Poor specification of diagnostic criteria was a major problem. These criteria should be standardised and detailed, and prospective longitudinal studies conducted to elicit the natural history of this condition. PMID- 3250670 TI - Opioid withdrawal and naltrexone induction in 48-72 hours with minimal drop-out, using a modification of the naltrexone-clonidine technique. AB - Using clonidine, naltrexone, and diazepam, 60 withdrawals from heroin and other opioids involving 56 addicts were carried out with only one patient dropping out. In the last 23 cases, we used a modification of the standard technique, giving significantly higher doses of naltrexone and clonidine on the first day. This significantly reduced the average withdrawal time from 3.30 days to 2.32 days, despite lower clonidine dosage and significantly lower diazepam dosage on the second day. The speed, effectiveness, economy, and high acceptability of this withdrawal technique have implications for both private and state-funded treatment programmes. PMID- 3250671 TI - The relationship between schizophrenic patients' perceptions of their parents and the course of their illness. AB - Sixty-two schizophrenic patients completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), a measure of perceived parental characteristics, rating their parents on care and protection. PBI ratings were related to a one-year course of illness. Patients who perceived their parents positively tended to experience a milder course of illness if they were in frequent contact with them, and a more severe course if they were not; the reverse was true for patients who perceived their parents negatively. PBI ratings were unrelated to the age at onset of illness. This suggests that patients' perceptions of parental attitudes influence the course of schizophrenia by a current stress effect. The PBI, used alone or in conjunction with other predictors, distinguished good- and poor-outcome cases and appears to be a potentially clinically valuable tool. PMID- 3250672 TI - Criteria for evaluating improvement in schizophrenia in psychopharmacological research (with special reference to gamma endorphin fragments). AB - A review of treatment trials with DT gamma E revealed widely discrepant results. Relevant variables were the variety of measures employed for monitoring psychotic symptoms, and the different criteria used to judge the degree of improvement. The authors suggest a uniform outcome criterion for early trials of new treatments, which would generate more consistent and comparable results between studies, and give a stronger indication of the value of the treatment under test. When the data from the various treatment trials of DT gamma E were reanalysed, applying a uniform outcome criterion of improvement of a change of 80% or more on rating scale score, the results were more consistent than would have been suspected from the original reports. PMID- 3250673 TI - Ethnic density is unrelated to incidence of schizophrenia. AB - Data deriving from the Mental Health Enquiry were obtained from the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) for all 186,000 admissions in England in 1981 to test the 'ethnic density hypothesis'. This hypothesis has been used to explain variations in rates of mental illness between ethnic groups in other countries, and suggests that there is an inverse relationship between the size of ethnic groups and their admission rates. The data analysed in the present paper for the main foreign-born immigrant groups to England not only failed to support the ethnic-density hypothesis, but in some cases, showed a significant positive relationship between group size and admission rates. Some possible reasons for these findings are explored. PMID- 3250674 TI - Life events and schizophrenia in Nigerians. A controlled investigation. AB - Forty-two first-episode RDC schizophrenic patients were matched on sociodemographic variables with an equal number of control subjects. The life event histories of both groups for 6 months before onset or interview were compared. Onset of illness was not preceded by an increase in life events. The only significant observation was that control subjects had experienced more events in the month previous to interview. These were reported mainly by male control subjects, involved the family, and were possibly related to the period when the control subjects were interviewed. The observations are discussed within the context of the Nigerian culture. PMID- 3250675 TI - Plasma levels of fluphenazine decanoate. Effects of site of injection, massage and muscle activity. AB - Depot neuroleptics are now commonly used for maintenance therapy of schizophrenia. Their physicochemical composition makes them ideal for such use because they are long-acting and show stable blood levels for prolonged periods. Their absorption from the site of injection may, however, be affected by local muscle factors. This paper describes three such factors in relation to fluphenazine decanoate: varying the site of injection; massage of the injection site; and effects of muscular exercise. Our results suggest that fluphenazine pharmacokinetics are not significantly affected by any of these factors. PMID- 3250676 TI - Anorexia nervosa following torture in a young African woman. AB - A case of weight loss from food avoidance and vomiting in a young Ethiopian torture victim is described, and possible aetiological factors discussed. PMID- 3250677 TI - Schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis. Distribution in Italy. AB - The present study extended an earlier report of USA states with high levels of schizophrenia also having high levels of multiple sclerosis (MS). A high correlation (r = 0.81) between schizophrenia and MS rates in the districts of Italy was found. PMID- 3250678 TI - Palinopsia posing as a psychotic depression. AB - The experience of visual images appearing as well-described persons and objects, either familiar or unfamiliar to the patient, has frequently prompted psychiatric evaluation for apparent psychotic or schizophrenic disorders. A case of apparent psychotic depression is reported, in which the symptoms were due to the patient's experience of palinoptic images. Answers to particular questions in the initial interview can obviate the need for psychiatric consultation, as various consistencies have been reported in the non-psychiatric symptom of palinopsia. PMID- 3250679 TI - 'Early-onset schizophrenia' after teenage head injury. A case report with magnetic resonance imaging. AB - A 14-year-old youth sustained an injury to the left frontoparietal area, which was followed by evident change in personality and subsequently by an early-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed ventricular dilatation, slightly more marked in the left hemisphere, and cortical atrophy. Some implications of this case for research on schizophrenia itself are discussed. PMID- 3250680 TI - Effects of thallium poisoning on intellectual function. AB - A student of chemistry was treated for thallium poisoning. Seven months after his ingestion of thallium, intelligence tests were performed on the patient and his non-identical twin brother, who was of similar educational background. These indicated severe deterioration in intellectual function of the patient, particularly in memory and performance abilities. Tests 13 months after ingestion showed little general improvement. PMID- 3250681 TI - Dangerous delusions: the 'Hollywood phenomenon'. PMID- 3250682 TI - The pathogenesis of depersonalisation. PMID- 3250683 TI - Age disorientation in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 3250684 TI - Risk factors in schizophrenia. PMID- 3250685 TI - Therapy-resistant depression. PMID- 3250687 TI - Schizophrenic thought disorder. PMID- 3250686 TI - Prescribing for the long-term mentally ill. PMID- 3250688 TI - Psychogeriatric liaison referrals. PMID- 3250689 TI - Failure to convulse with ECT. PMID- 3250690 TI - Cerebral ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 3250691 TI - The concept of disease in psychiatry. PMID- 3250692 TI - Combined mianserin and tranylcypromine. PMID- 3250693 TI - Psychotropic medication and antisocial behavior in a mental handicap hospital. PMID- 3250694 TI - De Clerambault's syndrome in unipolar depression. PMID- 3250695 TI - Carbamazepine and ECT. PMID- 3250696 TI - Dressing disorder. PMID- 3250697 TI - Successive generations of child maltreatment. The children. AB - Families were identified, in north-east Wiltshire (UK), (population 200,000), in which there was a pattern of two or more generations of child maltreatment and where there were also two or more children maltreated in the current generation (born between 1960 and 1980). These children had high rates of mental handicap, backwardness, and antisocial behaviour, and there were also characteristic patterns of emotional disturbance. The post-neonatal death rate for the 294 index children was very high, but higher still for their brothers and sisters. Some of the deaths, and at least 11 cases of violence-induced mental handicap (VIMH), were caused by characteristic types of child abuse - particularly violent shaking and throwing of infants, and secret suffocatory practices. There were very strong indications that larger numbers of children than the 11 proven VIMH cases had also suffered blunting of the intellect, physical complications such as epilepsy, and educational problems, as well as emotional and social maladjustment as the consequence of ill-treatment and neglect. Within the families, for children remaining at home, forms of ill-treatment and poor quality care persisted and ultimately affected most, or all, of the children in each family unit. Many families were chaotic, and within each family unit there were children frequently in care who suffered multiple placements, and who needed sustained specialist support throughout their childhood, encompassing a huge range of professional and other social support services. Such detail was generally underplayed or not accessible, and its full significance for children in each family could only be assessed by combining direct personal clinical involvement with record linkage methods, depending in turn on good co-operation from all agencies concerned wholly or partly with child protection. PMID- 3250698 TI - Post-traumatic stress disorder and civil violence in Northern Ireland. AB - The case records of 499 victims of civil and terrorist violence were examined, and the presence or absence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated features recorded. The results support the face, and predictive, validities of PTSD. 'Acting as if the event were reoccurring' and 'survivor guilt' seemed not to be characteristic symptoms, and the homogeneity of the emotional state in PTSD was questionable. Only marital disharmony and suicidal behaviour were associated complications. PTSD seemed to be found in a wide range of stressors, but the danger in over-reliance on results from combat veterans is emphasised. PMID- 3250699 TI - Oedipus' parents were child abusers. PMID- 3250700 TI - The viral theory of schizophrenia. PMID- 3250701 TI - Capgras syndrome and the amygdala. PMID- 3250703 TI - Schizophrenic thought disorder. PMID- 3250702 TI - Dysmorphophobic avoidance. PMID- 3250704 TI - Screening for HIV. PMID- 3250705 TI - Molecular genetics and human disease. PMID- 3250706 TI - Psychophysiology and expressed emotion. PMID- 3250707 TI - Monitoring drug use in a community. PMID- 3250709 TI - Hypomania following increased epileptic activity. PMID- 3250708 TI - Inappropriate placement of a patient with childhood hypomania in a mental handicap hospital for 51 years. PMID- 3250710 TI - Spectrum concept of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. PMID- 3250711 TI - Psychotherapy of the elderly. PMID- 3250712 TI - Quinine psychosis. PMID- 3250713 TI - Psychosurgery for bipolar affective disorder. PMID- 3250714 TI - Changes in cellular immunity and nutritional status in mice after thermal injury. AB - A 13 per cent body surface area (BSA), full skin thickness burn was inflicted on LACA male mice and the changes in cellular immunity and nutritional status were observed. The results showed that thymus, spleen and circulating lymphocytes were significantly involved. A diminished mitogen responsiveness of spleen cells and altered peritoneal macrophage function were confirmed. Ear swelling tests indicated that the cellular immunity of burned mice was most severely depressed in week 2 postburn. The present study also showed that the dramatic change in nutritional status occurred earlier than that in cellular immunity and suggested the importance of early nutritional support after thermal injury. PMID- 3250715 TI - Difficulties and bonuses of evaluation: evaluating New Zealand's Children's Nightclothes Act 1977. AB - Difficulties and bonuses of evaluating injury prevention programmes are illustrated by reference to an evaluation of the New Zealand's Children's Nightclothes Act 1977. It is demonstrated that despite the difficulties encountered in that evaluation, and the equivocal results, there were significant bonuses which more than justified the resources devoted to the evaluation. The paper is presented in an attempt to encourage others to evaluate thermal injury countermeasures who may be hesitant to do so because of the difficulties they foresee. PMID- 3250716 TI - Effect of smoke inhalation injury on thromboxane levels and platelet counts. AB - Thirteen goats with chronic lung lymph fistula suffering from smoke inhalation injury were studied for a 6-h period. All animals were found to have acute respiratory failure after injury, the arterial TXA2 (thromboxane A2) levels had increased by 5 min after injury, they peaked at 2 h, and then subsequently declined. Peripheral platelet counts decreased progressively within 2 h, then gradually recovered but were still lower than baseline values at 6 h after injury. EVLW (extravascular lung water), Q1 (lung lymph flow rate) and L/P (total lymph protein/plasma protein concentration), all increased and peaked at 2 h after injury. A negative linear correlation was observed between the TXA2 levels and the platelet counts. Furthermore, differences between the venous and arterial platelet counts were markedly increased. All these observations suggested that the increased TXA2 triggered the formation of platelet microaggregates which were then trapped in the microvasculatures of viscera such as the lung. This might be one of the causes of the decreased platelet counts in peripheral blood. Both TXA2 levels and platelet counts were closely correlated with EVLW, suggesting that TXA2 may indirectly cause the increased pulmonary microvascular permeability by promoting platelet aggregation and microaggregate formation in the pulmonary microvasculature. This may be one of the reasons for the developing pulmonary oedema in goats following smoke inhalation injury. PMID- 3250717 TI - Assault by burning and its relationship to social circumstances. AB - The phenomenon of burns through assault seen amongst patients admitted to the Burn Unit of Tygerberg Hospital is increasing drastically. This paper reports the results of a study which examined the possible relationship between the above named phenomenon and socioeconomic factors of 50 coloured and black patients amongst whom this form of assault is mainly found. The social behaviour of the patients as well as their housing conditions, employment, income, religious practices, use of leisure time, etc. were examined and shortcomings in all these areas were found to be related to the patients' methods of settling conflict. PMID- 3250718 TI - A simple modification of the pin-prick test for the assessment of burn depth in children. AB - The clinical assessment of burn depth can be particularly difficult in children. A new technique is described for applying the pin-prick test in children. It is simple to perform, causes no distress, and has consistently given reliable results. A personal series of 196 cases is presented, with a 95 per cent diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 3250719 TI - Patient-controlled analgesia for burn patients: a preliminary report. AB - The introduction of patient-controlled analgesia for burn patients is reported. It has been used for 18 postoperative patients and five patients with acute thermal injury. The system has been found to be easy to use. Wide variations in patient morphine consumption have been seen. Patient-controlled analgesia may have a role in the management of pain associated with burns. PMID- 3250720 TI - Peer review. PMID- 3250721 TI - [Obstacles to university studies: the point of view of Quebec nurses]. AB - This research project aimed at identifying obstacles that prevent nurses from taking university courses. Through a random stratified sampling method, we selected 2,063 persons among the 22,494 French speaking nurses of Quebec who worked as nurses and did not take any courses beyond their professional training at the CEGEP level or at the hospital. A 50 statement questionnaire was mailed out and 1,197 questionnaires were returned and reviewed. The ten most important statements were considered under three main themes: lack of time, lack of interest and strenuous working conditions. Statements relating to lack of time and working conditions were dependent upon (X2, p less than .05) the nurses' situation, i.e. employment status, marital status, number of children and age. Theoretical and practical advice are given to interested nurses. PMID- 3250722 TI - The effect of preceptorship on the clinical competency of baccalaureate student nurses: a pilot study. PMID- 3250723 TI - The social support requirements of family caregivers of terminal cancer patients. PMID- 3250724 TI - Role perspectives of joint appointees. PMID- 3250725 TI - Nursing rituals. PMID- 3250726 TI - Suicide in Zimbabwe. PMID- 3250727 TI - Simultaneous cyst excision and lumbo-peritoneal shunting in myelomeningocele. PMID- 3250728 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in a Nigerian adult with sickle cell anaemia. PMID- 3250729 TI - Duodenal ulcer in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID- 3250730 TI - Viral hepatitis B infection in Zimbabwe. PMID- 3250732 TI - A study of organophosphate poisoning cases at one rural and one urban hospital. PMID- 3250731 TI - Serum biochemical profile during scorpion venom (Leiurus quinquestriatus L.) intoxication in weaning Charles Foster rats. PMID- 3250733 TI - Nutritional status of 6,867 primary school children in the Masvingo District. PMID- 3250734 TI - Management of rectal impalement injuries. PMID- 3250735 TI - Carcinoma of the large bowel in black Zimbabweans. PMID- 3250736 TI - Advanced secondary extra-uterine pregnancy: two case reports. PMID- 3250737 TI - Prevalence of tuberculosis infection of 6,590 primary school children in Masvingo District. PMID- 3250738 TI - [Retinopathy of premature children--the present state and possibilities of therapy]. PMID- 3250739 TI - [Bronchoalveolar lavage in respiratory diseases in children]. PMID- 3250740 TI - [The first retard theophylline made in Czechoslovakia for the treatment of asthma in children--Spophyllin Spofa]. PMID- 3250741 TI - [The gluten-free diet in children]. PMID- 3250742 TI - [Similarity between the syndrome of partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 3 and the Cornelia de Lange syndrome]. PMID- 3250743 TI - [The physician and the computer. 24. Graph theory]. PMID- 3250744 TI - [Preparing children for day care centers based on experience in the Central Bohemia Region]. PMID- 3250745 TI - [Treatment of recurrent respiratory diseases using bacterial vaccines]. PMID- 3250746 TI - [New approaches to neonatal infections]. PMID- 3250747 TI - [Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia treated with phototherapy]. PMID- 3250748 TI - [Clinical features of an outbreak of Legionella pneumophila in students at a college in Tangshan City]. PMID- 3250749 TI - [Changes of neutrophil elastase in COPD and the role of elastase in experimental pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3250750 TI - [Diagnostic value of CEA assay combined with CA50 in malignant and benign effusion]. PMID- 3250751 TI - [Needle biopsy of thoracic lesions (a clinical analysis of 410 cases)]. PMID- 3250752 TI - [Zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, iron and respiratory disease]. PMID- 3250753 TI - [Light microscopic and electron microscopic observations on pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]. PMID- 3250754 TI - [Lung tissue volume changes before and after treatment of radiation pneumonitis]. PMID- 3250755 TI - [Significance of the human basophil degranulation test in immunotherapy of asthma]. PMID- 3250756 TI - [Omental pedicle plombage in the treatment of chronic empyema and bronchial fistula]. PMID- 3250757 TI - [Management of resistant empyema postpneumonectomy--analysis of 45 cases]. PMID- 3250758 TI - [Surgical treatment of 423 cases of chest wall tuberculosis]. PMID- 3250759 TI - [Research on cold and heat properties in deficiency syndromes by assaying catecholamines in the urine]. PMID- 3250760 TI - [Effect of traditional Chinese medicine on primary hypothyroidism in relation to nuclear T3 receptors of lymphocytes]. PMID- 3250761 TI - [Effects of rhubarb and anti-pneumonia mixture III on endotoxemia in acute infections]. PMID- 3250762 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on the treatment of pulmonary heart disease and pulmonary hypertension with Paeonia lactiflora]. PMID- 3250763 TI - [107 patients with thromboangiitis obliterans treated by traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine therapy]. PMID- 3250765 TI - [Double phasic modulatory effects of auricular point electroacupuncture on gastrointestinal electric activity in rabbits]. PMID- 3250764 TI - [Protective effect of dahuang zhechong pills on experimental hepatic injury]. PMID- 3250766 TI - [Prospect of treating intractable disorders with traditional Chinese remedies for relieving the blood-stasis symptom-complex]. PMID- 3250767 TI - [Discussion on improving the diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial disease by integrated traditional and Western medicine]. PMID- 3250768 TI - [Use of micropore filtration in measuring erythrocyte deformability in research on diabetes]. PMID- 3250769 TI - [Enophthalmos apropos of a case]. PMID- 3250770 TI - [Emergencies in ophthalmology. Epidemiologic aspects in 3 months]. PMID- 3250771 TI - [Combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy in primary congenital glaucoma]. PMID- 3250772 TI - [Crystalline ectopia and cleavage anomaly of the anterior segment]. PMID- 3250773 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of traumatic cataract in children]. PMID- 3250774 TI - [Post-traumatic aphakia in children: results of the adaptation to contact lenses]. PMID- 3250775 TI - [Trabeculoretraction using argon laser and open-angle glaucoma: results after 4 years]. PMID- 3250776 TI - [Operative retinal photoinjuries]. PMID- 3250777 TI - [2 double-running cannulas: value in surgery of retinal detachment]. PMID- 3250778 TI - [H.A.R.D. syndrome. Oculocerebral manifestations apropos of a case]. PMID- 3250780 TI - [Surgical correction of astigmatism by diathermo-scleroretraction. Experimental initial results]. PMID- 3250779 TI - [Radial keratotomy. Current status in Lyon]. PMID- 3250781 TI - [Repair of substance losses of the lower eyelid]. PMID- 3250782 TI - [Surgery of astigmatism in pseudophakic patients]. PMID- 3250784 TI - [Lasers in ophthalmology. Development and future prospects]. PMID- 3250783 TI - [Meningioma of the optic nerve in children]. PMID- 3250785 TI - [New aspects and prospects of implants of the anterior chamber]. PMID- 3250786 TI - [New aspects and prospects of permanent-wear gas-permeable rigid lenses]. PMID- 3250787 TI - High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. AB - Conventional doses of intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v. Ig) (0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days) commonly produce a remission in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) but have only rarely been successful in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). There are a few reports of higher doses of i.v. Ig being more effective in AIHA. We have treated two patients with AIHA with high-dose i.v. Ig (0.5 g/kg/day for 5 days). In one patient with an associated ITP a prompt rise in platelet count but no change in Hb concentration occurred. The second patient with AIHA associated with chronic lymphatic leukaemia showed a prompt response, with a rise in Hb concentration and fall in plasma bilirubin. The poor response to i.v. Ig seen in AIHA may be related to the expansion of the reticulo-endothelial system seen in AIHA but not ITP. Clearance of antibody-coated red cells and platelets may occur at different rates and/or sites in the reticulo-endothelial system and this may account for the differential response seen in case 1. Higher doses of i.v. Ig, in the range 0.5-1 g/kg/day for 5 days, are required in AIHA, particularly if significant splenomegaly is present, and may be effective in refractory cases. PMID- 3250788 TI - What happens to the microspherocytosis of hereditary spherocytosis in folate deficiency? AB - The case is presented of an elderly man in whom hereditary spherocytosis (HS) had been diagnosed many years previously. He also had diverticulitis and was referred because of increasing anaemia (Hb 7.7 g/dl). He was suffering from diarrhoea and anorexia, and was taking a very poor diet. Serum investigations showed low folate and vitamin B12 levels. His blood film, despite the history of HS, showed very few spherocytes, and the red cell osmotic fragility curve was virtually normal. Instead, the blood film showed normocytes and oval macrocytes, mostly with normal central pallor. He was treated with vitamin B12 injections and folic acid tablets. On this treatment, the Hb rapidly rose, the macrocytosis disappeared, the film appearances reverted to the classical picture of HS with large numbers of microspherocytes, and the osmotic fragility curve to the picture of markedly increased fragility typical of HS. PMID- 3250789 TI - A proposal for further standardization of red blood cell glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase determinations. AB - A number of factors were identified which influence the determination of red blood cell glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). White blood cells were effectively removed from whole blood by filtration, resulting in a mean reduction of G6PD activity of greater than 1.0 U/g Hb. Optimal enzyme activity was found using haemolysates with a Hb concentration in the range 0.4-1.2 g/dl. At a constant temperature of 30 degrees C, maximum linear rate of activity was achieved between the 10th and 20th min after initiation of the reaction. As a result of these findings, modifications to standardize the assay system were introduced. The new method exhibits excellent precision (CV less than 2.0%) with normal samples, and 95% reference ranges of 7.00-11.15 U/g Hb for adult females and 7.05-10.75 U/g Hb for adult males. PMID- 3250790 TI - Detection of cryoglobulins by Coulter Counter model S-Plus IV/D. AB - Cryoglobulins may produce interference in results from electronic particle counters. Depending on their size, cold-precipitable globulin crystals can be counted as leucocytes and/or platelets. The Coulter Counter model S-Plus IV/D permits detection of this interference and its associated spurious counts by producing a characteristic WBC histogram accompanied by a leucocyte 'flag'. Using this instrument over a 1-year period, 10 cases of cryoglobulinaemia were detected, four from patients with lymphoproliferative disease and one from a patient with autoimmune disease. The remaining five were classified as essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia. The reproducibility of this instrument anomaly permits identification of the presence of cryoglobulins. PMID- 3250791 TI - Comparison of microcolumn chromatography and laser densitometry of isoelectric focusing strip for the quantitation of Hb A2 and Hb S. AB - Anion exchange microcolumn chromatography is the ICSH (1978) recommended procedure for the quantitation of Hb A2 and Hb S. The use of isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by laser densitometry of the separated haemoglobin bands is evaluated as a quick and reliable method for quantitation for Hb A2 and Hb S. A paired comparison of 35 specimens, 25 normal and 10 with beta thalassaemia trait, were quantitated for Hb A2. The two groups were well separated by both procedures and Hb A2 levels were similar (r = +0.93, P less than 0.001). In addition, paired analyses of 30 specimens, 20 sickle cell trait and 10 with sickle cell trait combined with alpha thalassaemia, were quantitated for Hb S. The two groups were also well separated by both procedures and Hb S levels were similar (r = +0.94, P less than 0.001). In conclusion, IEF followed by laser densitometry appears to be a reliable, quick procedure for the screening of populations at risk from beta thalassaemia and populations at risk from sickle cell trait, with or without alpha thalassaemia interaction. PMID- 3250793 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis and aplastic anaemia. PMID- 3250792 TI - Central retinal artery occlusion in homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease. PMID- 3250794 TI - Extranodal renal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and severe hypercalcaemia. PMID- 3250795 TI - Computers in anticoagulant clinics: standardization of computer programming. PMID- 3250796 TI - Characteristics of patients admitted to a newly established mental health center crisis unit. PMID- 3250797 TI - Bronchial carcinoid tumor: the experience in a community hospital. PMID- 3250798 TI - [The French degree in Surgical Research. Evaluation after 18 months]. PMID- 3250799 TI - [Anatomy and surgical training]. PMID- 3250800 TI - [Autologous transfusion in surgery. Experience of transfusion centers at the Saint-Antoine and Foch hospitals]. PMID- 3250801 TI - [Total arthroplasties in patients with hemophilia]. PMID- 3250802 TI - [X-ray computed tomography in the initial period of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3250803 TI - [Blood volume determination in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension]. PMID- 3250805 TI - [Clinical application of gravidography]. PMID- 3250804 TI - [Monitoring placental function by measurement of placental enzymes in late pregnancy]. PMID- 3250806 TI - [Motor function changes in the gallbladder during pregnancy]. PMID- 3250807 TI - [Analysis of autopsy material in thirty-three cases of non-obstetric complications in pregnancy]. PMID- 3250808 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the endocervix in pregnant women and the neonate's eyes]. PMID- 3250809 TI - [Survey of menstrual cycle length and ovulation in healthy women in Beijing]. PMID- 3250810 TI - [A study on estrogen and progesterone receptors in the human cervix and cervical squamous carcinoma]. PMID- 3250811 TI - [Prediction of the clinical response of ovarian cancer to chemotherapy using an in vitro anticancer drug sensitivity test]. PMID- 3250812 TI - [Surgical treatment of vulvar carcinoma]. PMID- 3250813 TI - [Clinical study of termination of early pregnancy by administration of yuanhuacine in combination with testosterone propionate]. PMID- 3250814 TI - [Early X-ray features of dilated cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3250815 TI - [X-ray measurement of the hip joint in frogkick position in normal children and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3250816 TI - [The rib changes in thalassemia (report of 7 cases)]. PMID- 3250817 TI - [X-ray investigation of chondromalacia patellae]. PMID- 3250819 TI - [CT diagnosis of pseudocyst of the pancreas]. PMID- 3250818 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of Caroli's disease (report of 7 cases)]. PMID- 3250820 TI - [Interventional radiology of the skeletal system (report of 11 cases)]. PMID- 3250821 TI - [A clinical radiologic study of hiatus hernia in neonates and young infants]. PMID- 3250822 TI - [Radiologic investigation on the deformed foot after poliomyelitis]. PMID- 3250823 TI - [Observation on the shift of esophageal position during the course of radiotherapy--analysis of 65 patients]. PMID- 3250824 TI - [Establishment of a mammary cancer cell line Ca 761-86 and its biologic characteristics in inbred 615 mice]. AB - A cell line designated as Ca761-86 has been established from the solid mouse mammary cancer (Ca761) by suspension culture. It has been passaged for more than 200 generations. Moderate round cells were predominant and most of them were mononuclear. Some characteristics of malignant cells and A-type viral-like particles were observed by electron microscopy. The results of cytochemical studies (DNA, RNA, SDH, 5'AMPase, ACP etc) were comparable to the ultramicroscopic results. It multiplied approximately 27.4 fold on Day 5 with mitotic index reaching 1.8% on Day 3. This cell line was a hyperdiploid with karyotype of 45 or 43, -2X, tri12, tri17, +M1-5. Cell agglutination was observed when treated with ConA (greater than or equal to 7 micrograms/ml). Spontaneous agglutination might also take place without adding any ConA. After 5 x 10(6) cells of Ca761-86 suspension were transplanted into the normal inbred 615 mice by different ways (subcutaneous, intrafoot pad or intraperitoneal), the transplantability rate reached 100%. Spontaneous remission was never observed and its metastatic ability reserved. PPLO were not detected. Ca761-86 may be of value for practical purposes. PMID- 3250825 TI - [Chromosome of transplantable lung adenocarcinoma cell line (LA-795)]. AB - The chromosome patterns of lung adenocarcinoma cell line LA-795 were studied with G and C banding techniques at passages 60 and 100. The model chromosome numbers were 69, 68, 67 and 66. G banding of 46 cells of the four clones (69, 68, 67 and 66) were analysed. The chromosome patterns of this cell line were hypotetraploid male cells which were similar to those transplanted in mice. The 69 model chromosome comprises two types, 69I and 69II. According to the karyotype analysis, the evolution process of clone from 69 to 68, 67 and 66 was recognized by the karyotype of various clones. The lose of chromosome No. 4 and No. 14 in various model chromosome cell lines may be a non-random chromosome aberration of mouse tumor cells. PMID- 3250826 TI - [Evolution of human esophageal cancer cell in the process of cell line establishment]. AB - An esophageal cancer cell line EC8501 was established by tissue culture technique in vitro. Biologic appraisements demonstrated that this cell line was certainly a malignant one. The authors counted chromosome number of 1,284 cells from 10 to 30 passages and discovered that the modal chromosome number was 46 in 10 and 13 passages, 47 in 14 passage and 65 or so after 25 passage. It was a cell population with subtriploid G-banded chromosome analysis of 73 cells from 7 passages (13, 15, 25-27, 29 and 30) showed that structural chromosome aberrations were manifold, complicated and changeable. Sixteen marker chromosomes were present at appearance rate of 11-97%, 6 of which appeared in every passage. Many derivative chromosomes in the 13-30 passages were derived from marker chromosomes. Thirteen markers were first discovered in the 13 passage and 16 of rearrangement points on the markers were close to 7 oncogenes and 7 cancer breakpoints. Two of thirteen markers (del 1p13 and der 2) were similar or same to markers found in epithelium adjacent to esophageal cancer of two patients. The authors suggested that the two markers may reflect the chromosome changes in early carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelium. According to this research, the authors consider that the tumor cell lines cultured in vitro for many years can not reflect the characteristics of tumor cells in vivo. PMID- 3250827 TI - [Relationship between free cancer cells in the abdominal cavity, serosal type and pathologic characteristics of gastric cancer]. AB - Of 100 cases of gastric cancer, free cancer cells in the abdominal cavity were detected in 32 (32%). In serosal typing, the free cancer cells were often found in the tendonoid (62.2%) and diffused colour types (60.0%). When the area of serosa invasion was over 20 cm2, the positive rate was 56.6% and only 2.5% if below 20 cm2. Incidence of free cancer cells was related to the depth of cancer infiltration, being often found in S2 and S3. It was also related to the pathologic characteristics of gastric cancer. Free cancer cells were often seen in infiltrating type (Borrmann 3,4); histologically differentiated or undifferentiated adenocarcinomas; nest or diffuse growing types. In patients without metastasis in the peritoneum (P0), the positive rate was 26.1%. This study proved that Chen's serosal classification is correct and useful in assessing whether the cancer cells have penetrated through the serosa during operation. Different treatment should be used in cases with different serosal types. In addition to rational surgical operation, killing of the free cancer cells should be considered in tendonoid and diffused colour serosal types so as to prevent peritoneal metastasis. PMID- 3250828 TI - [Diagnostic value of serum copper/zinc ratio in gynecologic tumors]. AB - Serum copper/zinc levels were determined in 39 patients with gynecologic tumors and 20 normal individuals. Of these 39 patients, twenty-two had primary malignant tumors and seventeen had benign growths. All the patients were divided into two groups: treated and untreated. The serum Cu/Zn ratio in the untreated benign tumors was significantly higher than of the normal controls (P less than 0.05). The ratio was much higher in the untreated Stage II-IV malignant tumors than that of the benign group (P less than 0.01). The measurement of serum Cu/Zn ratio is also helpful in observing the clinical course of the disease. PMID- 3250829 TI - [Risk factors of breast cancer among women in Tianjin, China and Adelaide, Australia]. AB - In order to study the possible explanation of the marked difference in the incidences of breast cancer between Chinese and Australian women, the authors have compared and analysed the results of two case-control studies completed recently in Tianjin, China and Adelaide, Australia. Of 9 potential risk factors studied, 8 are significantly higher in Adelaide (Ad) women than in Tianjin women. Women in Ad were much taller, heavier, more obese, earlier at menarche, later at first full-term pregnancy, more nulliparous, less parity, more in history of breast cancer in first degree relatives. In addition, they were well educated. The findings obtained by analysis of logistic regression model indicated that increased risk for breast cancer was associated with early menarche, late first full-term pregnancy, less parity, nulliparity, histories of benign breast diseases and breast cancer in first degree relatives in the Tianjin study, but not in Ad study. Late menopause and history of oral contraceptive were not associated with the increased risk in both studies. These factors being not associated with breast cancer in Ad women was unexpected. The explanation of the indefinite findings in Ad study was due to the fact that the level of the risk factor is higher, more uniform, and lack of stratum. The difference in the level of the risk factor will not appear among cases and controls in case-control study, and significance of the risk factor therefore may not be found. According to data on diet survey in these two cities, the amount of fat intake was significantly higher in Ad women than in Tianjin women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3250830 TI - [Spermidine radioimmunoassay in monitor of precancerous lesions of esophagus]. AB - Serum spermidine was assayed by radioimmunoassay in different stages of esophageal carcinogenesis in the population from high risk area of esophageal cancer, Linxian County. The serum spermidine values were 76.94 +/- 74.38 ng/ml in 36 normal individuals; 115.71 +/- 113.45 ng/ml in 35 patients with marked epithelial hyperplasia (MEH) and 294.48 +/- 135.36 ng/ml in 31 patients with early esophageal cancer. Patients with MEH were given intervention treatment by Aminoretinoic Ester or Anticancer B or placebo (Starch) as controls. One year later, samples from the population were collected again for serum spermidine measurement. The values were 95.8 +/- 68.2 ng/ml in 27 normals; 125.1 +/- 72.9 ng/ml in 62 patients with MEH treated by Anticancer B; 125.6 +/- 117.2 ng/ml in 64 patients with MEH by Aminoretinoic Ester; 162.4 +/- 76.6 ng/ml in 62 controls and 210.5 +/- 182.9 ng/ml in 44 patients with early esophageal cancer. The results showed that spermidine radioimmunoassay could reflect the tendency of esophageal precancerous changes toward cancer or back to normal. They can be taken as a mid-way monitor indicator for tumor-blocking drugs. Also, it could be of value in the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer. PMID- 3250831 TI - [Short-term results of radiotherapy in early stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. AB - From June 1983 to Jan. 1985, 75 patients with early stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated in our hospital. The ages ranged from 3 to 65 years. The ratio of male to female was 2.75. The intermediate and high grade malignant lymphoma comprised 89.3% of the whole group. By clinical staging, there were 23 Stage I, 44 Stage II, and 8 Stage III lesions. The primary sites were: 33 in the Waldeyer's ring, 22 in lymph nodes, 10 in the nasal cavity and 10 in the other organs. The two-year survival rate of the whole group was 69.3%. In view of the results, the prognosis was related to the staging, A or B symptoms, primary site and CR or PR after treatment, but the age was irrelevant. The results also showed that intermediate or high grade malignancy gave no significant difference in the two-year survival rate. It might be due to the fact that they were originated from the large cell type of lymphoma in the intermediate group and possessed similar malignant properties as the high grade lymphoma. PMID- 3250832 TI - [Study of the distribution of surface membrane glycoconjugates in spinal cord and spinal ganglia neurons cultured in a monolayer]. PMID- 3250833 TI - [Isolation and characterization of a specific fraction of human chromosome DNA- forum DNA]. PMID- 3250834 TI - [Structural changes of the ribosomes during interaction with the elongation factor Tu]. PMID- 3250835 TI - [Piezo-electret state of bone tissue]. PMID- 3250836 TI - [Low-molecular weight nuclear RNAs increase the duration of loach anucleate embryo life]. PMID- 3250837 TI - [The transcriptional efficiency of loach oocyte 5S rRNA genes depends on the region of 5'-flanking spacer]. PMID- 3250838 TI - [Transmembrane potential as a factor determining the regularities of electrosurface phenomena in cell suspensions]. PMID- 3250840 TI - [Features of the interaction between polymethylene-bis- trimethylammonium compounds and h-cholinoreceptors of an isolated neuron of the mollusk Planorbarius corneus]. PMID- 3250839 TI - [Mechanism of interphase death of lymphoid cells during radiation exposure]. PMID- 3250841 TI - [Independence of the increase in the number of action potentials and excitability in the response of mollusk neurons during their combined activation]. PMID- 3250842 TI - [Role of the rare codon clusters in defining the boundaries of polypeptide chain regions with identical secondary structures in the process of co-translational folding of proteins]. PMID- 3250843 TI - [Cloning and study of the structural organization of regions of the inh(lip)-hoc genes of bacteriophage T4]. PMID- 3250844 TI - [Determination of the nucleotide sequence of DNA using hybridization with oligonucleotides. A new method]. PMID- 3250845 TI - [Long-term change in emotional status and learning in white rats after immunization with a conjugate of sydnophen and bovine serum albumin]. PMID- 3250846 TI - Craniofacial development. Papers presented at a meeting of the British Society for Developmental Biology. Bath, September 1987. PMID- 3250847 TI - The fate map of the cephalic neural primordium at the presomitic to the 3-somite stage in the avian embryo. PMID- 3250848 TI - Small eye (Sey): a mouse model for the genetic analysis of craniofacial abnormalities. AB - Small eye (Sey) is a dominant mutation in the mouse affecting the embryonic development of the eyes and nose. In homozygous Sey/Sey embryos, the optic vesicles grow out but there is no lens induction and the nasal pits fail to develop. Scanning electron microscope studies of Sey/Sey embryos show that the maxillary processes develop normally and fuse with ridges of ectoderm in the frontonasal position. In Sey/+ heterozygotes, the vacuolated lens is smaller than normal, and there is folding of the margins of the optic cup and ingrowth of mesodermal cells. Evidence is presented that Sey is not allelic with Coloboma (Cm), another mutation affecting eye development on chromosome 2. PMID- 3250849 TI - Spatial organization of the epithelium and the role of neural crest cells in the initiation of the mammalian tooth germ. AB - Teeth develop from composite organ rudiments that are formed through the interaction of oral epithelium and mesenchyme of the first branchial arch; cells of the former differentiate into enamel-secreting ameloblasts whereas those of the latter differentiate into dentine-secreting odontoblasts. Experimental analysis of odontogenic tissue interactions in mammalian embryos has focused on the late developmental stages of morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation; little is known about initial pattern-forming events, during which presumptive tooth forming cells are specified and the sites of tooth initiation become established. It requires to be shown, for example, whether the mesenchymal cells of mammalian teeth are derived, like those of amphibians, from the cranial neural crest, and if so, whether these form a specified subpopulation in the neural folds. Alternatively, are they specified after migration into the mandibular arch, possibly by interaction with the oral epithelium? The developmental potentials of mouse embryo premigratory cranial neural crest cells (CNC - explanted from the caudal mesencephalic and rostral metencephalic neural folds) have been studied in intraocular homograft recombinations with various regions of embryonic surface ectoderm. Cartilage, bone and neural tissue developed in all combinations of CNC and epithelium. Teeth formed in combinations of CNC with mandibular arch epithelium but not in combinations of CNC with limb bud epithelium. Teeth also formed in combinations of mandibular arch epithelium with neural crest explanted from the trunk level. These results indicate that mammalian neural crest has an odontogenic potential but that this is not restricted to the crest of presumptive tooth-forming levels. Normal migration appears not to be a prerequisite for expression of odontogenic potential but this does require an interaction with region-specific epithelium. It is reasonable to infer that during normal development the neural crest that enters the mandibular arch is odontogenically unspecified before or during migration and that the oral epithelium is the earliest known site of tooth pattern. PMID- 3250850 TI - Patterning of connective tissues in the head: discussion report. AB - The three papers presented by Noden, Thorogood and Lumsden in this session encompassed the connective tissues as broadly defined, i.e. soft (fibrous) connective tissue, cartilage, bone, muscle and the dental tissues, enamel and dentine, and utilized a variety of experimental techniques on both avian and mammalian embryos to explore specificity and patterning of the vertebrate head. Whether similar developmental processes pattern homologous structures in different Vertebrate classes (Amphibia, Aves, Mammalia) was discussed with reference to patterning of the cranial musculature, chondrocranium and dental tissues. A number of challenging ideas emerged during this session. Does the premigratory neural crest consist of a homogenous population of totipotent cells or of subpopulations of bi- or tripotential cells? Is fundamental patterning of the head an early embryonic event, perhaps specified during primary embryonic induction or the consequence of neuroepithelial folding, brain growth, inductive interactions and/or spatially and temporally distributed extracellular matrix products? Can the fact that mesoderm and angioblasts do not display distinctive patterning that relates to their particular embryologic origins be extrapolated to patterning in general? How does the documentation of an odontogenic trunk neural crest in mammals affect our theories of how patterning mechanisms arose or were modified during vertebrate evolution? PMID- 3250851 TI - The extracellular matrix of the developing cornea: diversity, deposition and function. AB - This paper examines the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the development of the cornea. After a brief summary of the corneal structure and ECM, we describe evidence suggesting that the differentiation of neural crest (NC) cells into endothelium and fibroblasts is under the control of ocular ECM. We then examine the role of collagen I in stromal morphogenesis by comparing normal corneas with those of homozygous Mov 13 mice which do not make collagen I. We report that, in spite of this absence, the cellular morphology of the Mov13 eye is indistinguishable from that of the wild type. In the 16-day mutant stroma, however, the remaining collagens form small amounts of disorganized, thin fibrils rather than orthogonally organized 20 nm-diameter fibrils; a result implying that collagen I plays only a structural role and that its absence is not compensated for. It also suggests that, because these remaining collagens will not form the normal fibrils that they will in vitro, fibrillogenesis in the corneal stroma differs from that elsewhere. The latter part of the paper describes our current work on chick stromal deposition using corneal epithelia isolated with an intact basal lamina that lay down in vitro approximately 3 microns-thick stromas of organized fibrils similar to that seen in vivo. This experimental system has yielded two unexpected results. First, the amount of collagen and proteoglycans produced by such epithelia is not dependent on whether its substratum is collagenous and we therefore conclude that stromal production by the intact epithelium is more autonomous than hitherto thought. Second, chondroitin sulphate (CS), the predominant proteoglycan, appears to play no role in stromal morphogenesis: epithelia cultured in testicular hyaluronidase, which degrades CS, lay down stromas whose organization and fibril-diameter distribution are indistinguishable from controls. One possible role for CS, however, is as a lubricant which facilitates corneal growth: it could allow fibrils to move over one another without deforming their orthogonal organization. Finally, we have examined the processes of fibrillogenesis in the corneal stroma and conclude that they are different from those elsewhere in the embryo and in vitro, perhaps because there is in the primary stroma an unidentified, highly hydrated ECM macromolecule that embeds the fibrils and that may mediate their morphogenesis. PMID- 3250852 TI - Abnormalities of craniofacial development: discussion report. PMID- 3250853 TI - Craniofacial development: a summing up. PMID- 3250854 TI - Strategies of head development: workshop report. PMID- 3250855 TI - Morphogenesis of the head and face: discussion report. PMID- 3250856 TI - Cellular and molecular aspects of cephalic neural crest development: workshop report. PMID- 3250857 TI - A case of silent thyroiditis associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A 51-year-old woman had symptoms of thyrotoxicosis which disappeared spontaneously within two months. She was diagnosed as a case of silent thyroiditis on the basis of both the clinical course and the laboratory data such as low uptake of radioactive iodine and technesium. She also had petechiae in her arms which were diagnosed as an idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (I.T.P.). This case would seem to expand the spectrum of the coexistence of autoimmune thyroid diseases and I.T.P. which is believed to be an autoimmune disease. PMID- 3250859 TI - Recurrence of subacute thyroiditis over 10 years after the first attack in three cases. AB - We saw a total of 4 episodes of the recurrence of subacute thyroiditis in 3 patients out of 222. The recurrent episodes were similar to the first episodes of subacute thyroiditis. The titers of various viral antibodies were not increased significantly during the clinical course of the recurrence. Regarding the HLA typing, A26, B35 and C3 were positive in all 3 patients. The association between the occurrence of subacute thyroiditis and the presence of HLA-B35 and C3 has hitherto been reported, although the association of HLA-A26 with recurrent type of subacute thyroiditis was observed and described for the first time in this report. It is suggested that HLA-A26 may somehow be related to the predisposition to the recurrence of subacute thyroiditis which developed after more than 10 years. PMID- 3250858 TI - The changes in plasma cortisol and urinary free cortisol by an overnight dexamethasone suppression test in patients with Cushing's disease. AB - We studied the suppressibility of cortisol secretion in 15 patients with Cushing's disease by measuring morning plasma cortisol level as well as the 24 hour urinary free corisol (UFC) excretion following single doses of increasing amounts of dexamethasone (ranging from 0.5 to 32 mg) given at 11 p.m. The mean plasma cortisol level in patients with Cushing's disease was twice as high as in normal subjects, whereas the mean UFC in these patients was 6 times as high. Plasma cortisol in seven patients were suppressed by less than 4 mg of dexamethasone (in 2 cases, less than 0.5 mg; in 3 cases, less than 2 mg; and in 2 cases less than 4 mg). In these cases, basal plasma cortisol and UFC were less than 25 micrograms/dl and 350 micrograms/day, respectively. Among the other eight patients, plasma cortisol was partially suppressed in 5 cases and not suppressed in 3 cases by high doses of dexamethasone (16-32 mg). In these cases the basal plasma cortisol and UFC were more than 25 micrograms/dl and 350 micrograms/day, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the basal plasma cortisol and UFC (r = 0.687, p less than 0.01). These data suggest that the suppression by increasing amounts of dexamethasone in most cases with Cushing's disease was related to the severity of hypercortisolism. PMID- 3250860 TI - A circulating thyroid peroxidase-like substance in healthy human peripheral blood. AB - Circulating thyroid peroxidase (TPO)-like substance in healthy human peripheral blood was studied to clarify the immunological role of TPO. By using a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay system combined with murine monoclonal antibodies, TPO like substance was measurable in 6 out of 84 sera. Characterization of this circulating substance by gel filtration revealed that the molecular weight of a major peak corresponded to that of trypsinized TPO. From these findings it is possible that peripheral blood lymphocytes are exposed to a low level of TPO as well as to thyroglobulin. PMID- 3250861 TI - Serum insulin-like growth factor I (somatomedin-C) level in normal subjects from infancy to adulthood, pituitary dwarfs and normal variant short children. AB - Serum levels of IGF-I were radioimmunoassayed after acid ethanol extraction in 1075 normal subjects from infants through young adults, and the normal range for each age was established. The mean value for infants which was relatively low increased gradually with age, and rose sharply after that reaching the peak levels at mid adolescence, then it decreased slowly to the young adult levels. Significantly higher mean values were observed in females at the age of 9, 10, 11 and 12 years. Each of 23 cases with pituitary dwarfism exhibited a lower concentration than the lower limit of the bone age matched normal range. All of the 59 normal variant short children except three showed normal values, but the values were distributed over the lower side of the range. PMID- 3250863 TI - Presence of high concentration of 7B2 in pleural effusion. AB - 7B2 (a novel pituitary protein) is a secretory protein in the neuroendocrine tissues and an increase in the plasma 7B2 concentration was noted in some patients with various endocrine tumors, including small cell carcinoma of the lung and acromegaly, suggesting that 7B2 is a possible marker for these tumors. Using a radioimmunoassay, the 7B2 concentration was measured in pleural fluid samples obtained from 36 patients with lung cancer and benign pulmonary disease to assess its concentration as a marker for small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) or malignant effusion. 7B2-immunoreactivity (IR) was present in pleural fluid and its concentration was much higher than in plasma. However, there was no significant difference between pleural fluid 7B2 in patients with SCCL and in other histological types of lung carcinoma or in malignant and nonmalignant patients. In the chromatographic analysis of pleural fluid on gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, there was no molecular heterogeneity between malignant and nonmalignant effusion. These results suggest that pleural fluid 7B2-IR is not a useful marker for SCCL or malignant effusion. PMID- 3250862 TI - Thyroid functions before and after maintenance hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - To study the factors involved in the low thyroid hormone levels in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), we investigated thyroid functions just before and after hemodialyses (HD) in 32 such patients who were on maintenance HD. In addition, we measured serum thyroid hormone binding inhibitor activities (THBI) in another set of 37 patients. None of the patients had been suspected of having thyroid diseases. HD duration and aging did not have a significant effect on the results of the thyroid function tests. Before each HD, the serum concentrations of T3, T4, FT3, FT4, rT3, PBI, FT3I, FT4I, FT3/T3, FT4/T4, T4/TBG, T4/TSH and FT4/TSH were lower, and those of TSH, TBG, and thyroglobulin (Tg) were higher in the patients than in normal controls. The thyroid hormone concentrations were negatively correlated with the BUN and creatinine levels. The Tg levels were positively correlated with the BUN levels. After each HD, almost all the thyroid function tests including T4/TBG ratio showed improvements, which indicated that hemodilution and a decrease in the T4-binding affinity of TBG with thyroid hormones were the major factors in the low thyroid hormone levels in CRF patients. However, even after HD, T3, FT3, rT3, T4/TSH and FT4/TSH were still lower and TSH and Tg were still higher in the patients. These data suggested that the CRF patients were in a subclinical hypothyroid state. THBI was high in patients with CRF and did not change following HD. NEFA did not seem to contribute to the high THBI before HD, because they were in the normal range. However, as NEFA became very high after HD and possessed THBI, we calculated the corrected THBI (C-THBI) by subtracting the effect of NEFA from total THBI. C-THBI was high before HD and decreased after HD. Therefore, it was suggested that this C-THBI contributed to the abnormalities in the affinity of TBG with thyroid hormones. From these studies, it is concluded that (1) the patients with CRF may be in a subclinical hypothyroid state, although hemodilution was seen to have a strong effect on the thyroid hormone concentrations, and (2) C-THBI may have an effect on the affinity of TBG with thyroid hormones and play an additional role in low thyroid hormone levels in these patients. The mechanisms of hypothyroidism and the nature of C-THBI remain to be clarified. PMID- 3250864 TI - Involvement of splenocytes in the control of corpus luteum function in the rat. AB - We previously found that splenectomy caused a 1-day delay in ovulation in cycling rats. In the present study, the role of the spleen or splenocytes in corpus luteum function was investigated by comparing long-term splenectomized (SPX) rats with intact controls. When the rats were cervically stimulated on the day of proestrus, both SPX and control rats showed prolonged diestrus for 16 days associated with an increase in serum progesterone (P). However, in SPX rats, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-OHP) concentrations were double those of controls throughout the period of pseudopregnancy. The concentration of total progestin (P plus 20 alpha-OHP) was also higher in SPX rats. All of these phenomena were normalized by injecting the animals with splenocytes. Taken together with our previous findings, these results indicate that splenocytes are involved in the control of ovarian function. PMID- 3250865 TI - Lack of effect of 3,3'5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) on cardiac function in the rabbit. AB - In a recent study, we have shown that the antiarrhythmic drug, amiodarone caused significant elevations of serum rT3 levels and inhibition of the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 (Kannan et al. Endocrinology 115:1710-1716, 1984). In this study we have examined whether or not rT3 has a direct effect on the monodeiodinase enzyme activity and electropharmacology of the rabbit myocardium. Six male New Zealand White rabbits were administered 50 ug rT3 (a dose about 100 times the daily rT3 production rate) i.p. for 5 days, while the control group received saline. Serum T4, T3 and rT3 concentrations, and myocardial as well as liver and kidney 5'monodeiodinase enzyme activities were measured. Surface ECG and electrophysiological parameters in the atrial, ventricular and sinoatrial node in control and rT3 groups were obtained. Surface ECG did not show any difference in heart rate, RR, PQ, QRS or QT intervals in the two groups. Reverse T3 administration did not produce any significant alterations in APA, MRP, Vmax, APD90 and ERP of atrial and ventricular muscle. Despite administration of a massive dose of rT3, serum levels of T3 and T4 were unchanged as compared to control group. Reverse T3 administration did not produce any alterations in the 5'monodeiodinase activities in the myocardium, liver and kidney. The studies suggest that rT3 does not appreciably affect myocardial function and that the effects of amiodarone on the heart occur via mechanisms other than its ability to cause an increase in serum rT3 levels. PMID- 3250866 TI - Intranuclear distribution of rat liver glucocorticoid receptors by nuclease digestion in a cell-free system. AB - Intranuclear distribution of rat liver glucocorticoid receptors was examined. When the [3H]TA-receptor complex-bound nuclei were digested with micrococcal nuclease, the [3H]TA-receptor complex sedimented coincident with mono-, di- and trinucleosomes on a glycerol gradient. The specific activity of the [3H]TA receptor associated with chromatin fragments in the Mg-soluble fraction was 13 fold higher than that in the Mg-insoluble fraction. In adrenalectomized rats, the nucleosome-bound [3H]TA-receptor complex was reduced, but the specific activity in the Mg-soluble fraction was almost the same as that in intact rats. Endogenous glucocorticoid receptor complex associated with mononucleosomes decreased 2 weeks after adrenalectomy. These results suggest that interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor complex and chromatin acceptor sites in intact and adrenalectomized rats occurred in the transcriptionally active chromatin regions which are sensitive to micrococcal nuclease. PMID- 3250867 TI - The effect of in vitro ethanol exposure on basal growth hormone secretion. AB - Suppressive effects of ethanol (ETOH) on in vivo serum growth hormone (GH) levels have been reported in both humans and animals. To determine whether this effect could be mediated directly at the pituitary level, we have designed a series of in vitro experiments utilizing pituitary cells from ETOH naive animals maintained in monolayer culture. We report that ETOH, in doses ranging from 50 to 400 mg%, caused a prompt and sustained reduction in basal GH secretion, as well as a significant fall in intracellular GH content. These data establish that the in vivo effects of ETOH on GH can be accounted for, at least in part, by a direct effect at the pituitary level, possibly due to reduced GH synthesis. PMID- 3250868 TI - Running performance in Gambian children: effects of water-soluble vitamins or iron. AB - Sixty-nine boys and girls between 10 and 14 years, with evidence of subclinical vitamin deficiencies and poor iron status were enrolled into the study at the beginning of the rainy season. Children were allocated to three treatment groups to receive five times weekly either a placebo, 200 mg ferrous sulphate or 5 mg riboflavin and 150 mg ascorbic acid. Before receiving the supplement, and 9 weeks later, children performed an exercise regimen on a treadmill during which expired air was collected and heart rate measured. There was a general deterioration in the running performance of the children during the study period which was not affected by either the iron or the vitamin supplement. PMID- 3250869 TI - Serum zinc and copper in relation to diet in 3- to 18-year old Finnish girls and boys. AB - Serum zinc (S-Zn) and copper (S-Cu) concentrations were measured and compared with data on dietary intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, zinc, copper, phosphorus, calcium, iron, sucrose, vitamin C and dietary fibre, collected by means of the 48-h recall method in 1634 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 15- and 18-year old girls and boys. The intake of fibre was inversely related to S-Cu but not to S Zn. None of the dietary components measured seemed to have a distinct negative effect on S-Zn, indicating that such factors were present at levels too low to affect S-Zn, or associated with factors favouring Zn bioavailability. Factors decreasing the bioavailability of Zn or Cu may especially affect adolescent girls whose average intakes of both Zn and Cu were low. PMID- 3250870 TI - Effect of the Indian gooseberry (amla) on serum cholesterol levels in men aged 35 55 years. AB - The effect on total serum cholesterol and its lipoprotein fractions of supplementation of the diet with amla (Emblica officinalis, Gaertn., the Indian gooseberry) was studied in normal and hypercholesterolaemic men aged 35-55 years. The supplement was given for a period of 28 d in the raw form. Both normal and hypercholesterolaemic subjects showed a decrease in cholesterol levels. Two weeks after withdrawing the supplement, the total serum cholesterol levels of the hypercholesterolaemic subjects rose significantly almost to initial levels. PMID- 3250871 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis of plant proteins. PMID- 3250872 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients of leaf proteins from barley (Hordeum vulgare): method, reproducibility and genetic aspects. AB - Leaf proteins from 14 barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare) were analyzed by two dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients (IPG 4-7 and IPG 6-10) in the first dimension. Highly reproducible two-dimensional patterns were obtained, owing to constant spot positions along the isoelectric focusing axis. A number of variety-specific protein spots were detected, allowing us to discriminate barley cultivars not only into main groups but into individual cultivars. PMID- 3250873 TI - Preparation by two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins for antibody production: antibodies against proteins whose synthesis is reduced by auxin in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. AB - Using phenol extraction from tobacco callus, we have prepared extracts with a high protein content. These proteins were separated in cylindrical non equilibrium pH gradient gels and visualized by dipping in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-containing solution. Three gel sections, each containing proteins previously detected as abundantly synthesized in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts and whose synthesis is reduced by auxin application, were excised from each gel and collected. These proteins were further separated on slab SDS gels and protein bands were excised after Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 staining and used to inject three rabbits. After one booster, highly specific antibodies were detected in their sera by ELISA and immunoblotting. Using these sera we have confirmed that the corresponding proteins are identical in callus and mesophyll protoplast and demonstrated that they are abundantly accumulated in tobacco roots but are undetectable in aerial organs and seeds. PMID- 3250874 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis as a tool for structural and genetic studies of seed proteins from Poaceae and Fagaceae. AB - The application of two-dimensional electrophoretic procedures to structural and genetic studies of seed proteins from Poaceae (including the cultivated cereals) and Fagaceae is described. The following related problems have been considered: covalent and non-covalent association of protein subunits in multiple oligomeric structures; chromosomal locations of genes encoding seed proteins; quantitation of gene products in relation to gene expression and regulation; purification of protein components to study their homology relationships and in vitro activities; evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships; identification of genetic stocks. Isoelectric focusing, pore-gradient electrophoresis, electrophoresis at different pH's, are among the separation procedures used in the first dimension, whereas sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and starch-gel electrophoresis at acid pH have been the preferred second-dimensional methods. Dissociating conditions (sodium dodecyl sulfate, Nonidet P-40, or urea) and reducing conditions (2-mercaptoethanol) have been used when required. PMID- 3250875 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis of cereal prolamins: applications to biochemical and genetic analyses. AB - Three complementary two-dimensional systems for the analysis of cereal prolamins are described. These are electrophoresis at pH 3.1 followed by electrophoresis at pH 9.2, isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions followed by SDS-PAGE with reduction. They together give information on the pIs, Mrs and charge properties of the individual prolamin components, and on their interactions to form oligomers stabilized by inter-chain disulphide bonds. The three systems are then compared for their effectiveness in analysing unreduced prolamin I fractions from wheat and rye, and the IEF/SDS-PAGE system for analysing reduced and pyridylethylated prolamin fractions from all the major cereals. Finally, applications of the systems in biochemical and genetic studies are discussed and illustrated with three examples: analysis of the structural relationships of the S-rich prolamins (B hordeins and gamma-type hordeins) of barley, determination of the interactions of wheat and rye prolamin subunits in a 2RS/2BL translocation line, and the mapping of genes for alpha-type prolamins in the wild grass Haynaldia villosa. PMID- 3250876 TI - The use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in the analysis of organ-specific maize proteins. AB - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels in the second dimension has been used for the analysis of organ-specific proteins in maize. The method has been used to study the whole protein pattern of developing organs and adult leaves as well as protein patterns of in vitro translation. Examples of two-dimensional immunoblotting and in vitro translation of endosperm-specific proteins are also shown. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis appears as an essential analytical step in the identification of organ-specific proteins and for the detection of the protein products related to organ-specific genes identified by other means. PMID- 3250877 TI - Genetic aspects of variation of protein amounts in maize and pea. AB - Using high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis we studied the polymorphism of protein amounts in some genotypes of maize and pea. This type of variability seems to be rather common and insensitive to environmental conditions, as attested by the comparison of the patterns of two maize lines harvested in two different years. A large-scale experiment involving 5 lines, 7 of their hybrids, and 6 organs (or physiological stages) of maize allowed us to examine numerous polypeptides regarding their genetic variability, their amount differences between organs and the inheritance of their abundance. Genetic and organ variations are not independent: polypeptides whose amount varies from one organ to another are, for the most part, genetically variable (59%), while the stable polypeptides are not often genetically variable (18%). We found a striking organ specificity for (i) the extent of quantitative variability (from 2.3-15.4% of the polypeptides), (ii) the occurrence and the type of variation for a given polypeptide (an intensity difference seen in an organ can disappear or even be reversed in another one), (iii) the kind of inheritance (additive/non-additive): combining the 6 organs and the 7 hybrids we found 101 cases of non-additivity (4% of the total) which concern as many as 72 different spots, that is to say that in most cases a polypeptide displaying nonadditivity in an organ seems to display additivity in the other ones. Moreover, for most of the polypeptides with nonadditive inheritance the hybrid spot presents an intensity similar to that of the most intense parental spot.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3250878 TI - Use of electrophoretic techniques in determining the composition of seed storage proteins in alfalfa. AB - Holoprotein molecular weights and polypeptide composition can be determined for complex mixtures of oligomeric proteins using two-dimensional electrophoretic techniques. The variety of two-dimensional analyses presented here is a reflection of the general usefulness of each method for the identification and characterization of the different classes of seed storage proteins in alfalfa. These techniques can be applied to studies of storage proteins in other seeds as well as non-seed storage proteins. The major seed storage proteins in alfalfa are medicagin (a legumin-like globulin), alfin (a vicilin-like globulin) and a family of lower molecular weight albumins (LMW1-3). These comprise 30%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, of the total extractable protein from cotyledons of mature seeds. Alfin is a heterogeneous oligomeric protein (Mr approximately 150,000) composed of polypeptides ranging in size from Mr 14,000 to 50,000 (alpha 1-alpha 6; 50,000, 38,000, 32,000, 20,000, 16,000 and 14,000, respectively). Medicagin is also a high molecular weight oligomeric protein, but requires high concentrations of salt for solubilisation. It is comprised of a family of individually distinct subunits, each composed of an acidic polypeptide (A1-A9; Mr 49,000 to 39,000) linked via disulphide bond(s) to a basic polypeptide (B1, B2, B3; Mr 24,000, 23,000 and 20,000, respectively). This pairing is highly specific and two families are recognizable on the basis of the B polypeptide (B3 or B1/B2). Subunits (Mr approximately 50,000-65,000) are assembled as trimers (8S) or larger oligomers (12S-15S) in mature seeds. The lower molecular weight albumins (LMW1-3) are acidic (pI less than 6), and consist of sets of disulphide-bonded polypeptides (Mr 15,000 and 11,000). PMID- 3250879 TI - Photocontrol of organelle and cell type specific changes in the polypeptide composition of Euglena and sorghum. AB - Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis has been used to follow changes in cell type specific and organelle localized polypeptides upon exposure of etiolated sorghum shoots and dark-grown resting Euglena to light. Total protein extracted from isolated bundle sheath strands and mesophyll protoplasts was resolved by 2-D gel electrophoresis. The cell type specific polypeptides were localized on the whole shoot 2-D gel map in order to determine changes in the levels of these polypeptides upon light exposure. An image analyzer was used to analyze fluorographs of 2-D gels of total Euglena protein pulse-labeled with [35S]sulfate in the dark, immediately upon light exposure and 1, 4, 14, 24, 48 and 72 h after light exposure. The subset of polypeptides whose relative rate of synthesis changes more than threefold immediately upon light exposure was identified. The different patterns of changes in the rate of synthesis of this subset of polypeptides were followed. PMID- 3250881 TI - Life table tests of evolutionary theories of senescence. AB - The phenomenon of senescence requires both evolutionary and proximate explanations. The most widely accepted evolutionary explanation for senescence is that it never gets exposed to natural selection because environmental hazards kill all individuals before the age at which senescence causes decreased fitness. If this explanation is sufficient, wild populations should not demonstrate senescence, and their mortality rates should therefore remain constant during adult life, except when environmental causes of mortality have recently decreased. The alternative explanation for the persistence of the genes that cause senescence is that they have been selected for because they have pleiotropic effects that are beneficial early in life when the force of selection is strongest. Where this is the case, mortality rates should increase with age in wild populations. A method is described for using life table data to calculate an estimate of the intensity of selection acting on senescence in wild populations. This method is applied to a variety of life tables. The results suggest that pleiotropic genes may be important causes of senescence in some populations, but not in others. This has implications for research on the proximate mechanisms of senescence. PMID- 3250880 TI - Polypeptide changes induced by salt stress, water deficit, and osmotic stress in barley roots: a comparison using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze and compare the effects of short term treatments (24 h) of salt stress, water deficit (desiccation), and osmotic stress (polyethylene glycol and mannitol) on protein synthesis in roots of barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. CM 72). These comparisons were made to determine if the polypeptides of Mr 26,000 and 27,000 and pI of 6.3 and 6.5 that were observed previously to increase significantly with salt stress (Plant Physiol. 1987, 83 517-524) also increased with water deficit and osmotic stress. The polypeptide patterns for control- and stress treated plants were qualitatively similar, but the net synthesis of a number of polypeptides was quantitatively altered by each of the stress treatments. Of the polypeptide changes induced by the stress treatments, many were unique to a specific stress. Other polypeptide changes were common between two or more of the stress treatments. Only one polypeptide change, a decrease, was common to all of the stress treatments. An important finding was that polypeptides that increased significantly in response to salt stress did not increase in response to water deficit or osmotic stress. PMID- 3250882 TI - Changes in body composition, brown adipose tissue activity and thermogenic capacity in BN/BiRij rats undergoing senescence. AB - Metabolic rate, thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, and body composition were followed in ageing rats (female BN/BiRij) at 3 to 35.5 months of age. Colonic temperatures were similar in rats at 3 to 23 months of age (37.1 37.6 degrees C), but significantly reduced (36.3 degrees C) in those aged 36 months. Resting oxygen consumption (VO2), corrected for body size, was comparable in all groups, but the thermogenic response to noradrenaline was significantly reduced with age. BAT mass was unaffected by age, but brown fat protein content, specific mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase activity, and thermogenic activity (assessed from mitochondrial purine nucleotide binding) all declined markedly with age. Carcass analysis revealed a fall in body protein in very old (35.5 month) rats, but body fat content increased up to 23 months of age and thereafter declined. PMID- 3250883 TI - Gastric secretion during aging in pyloric-ligated rats and effects of pentagastrin. AB - Changes in basal- and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid, pepsin secretion as well as gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase activity were examined in 4- to 21-month-old pyloric ligated Fischer-344 rats. In addition, serum gastrin levels, gastric mucosal DNA, and RNA content were determined in these rats. The results revealed that whereas acid secretion decreased progressively with age, pepsin output increased between 4 and 14 months of age and then decreased sharply. Serum gastrin levels decreased progressively with age, and 3 h of pyloric obstruction produced no apparent change in serum gastrin levels in any of the age groups. Gastric mucosal weight, DNA, and RNA content in 4-month-old rats were not significantly different from those of 14-month-old animals. However, in 21-month old rats, each of these values were found to be significantly lower than in their 4- or 14-month-old counterparts. A single injection of pentagastrin (250 micrograms/kg) significantly stimulated acid and pepsin secretion (45-52%) in 4 month-old rats, but not in 14- and 21-month-old animals, when compared with the corresponding saline-injected controls. Gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase activity increased steadily between 4 and 21 months of age. Pentagastrin caused a significant 78% stimulation in histidine decarboxylase activity in 4-month-old rats, but had no effect on the enzyme activity in 14-month-old animals, when compared with the corresponding saline-injected controls. However, in 21-month old rats, pentagastrin inhibited histidine decarboxylase activity by 55% when compared with the saline-injected controls. It is concluded that a) aging decreases capacity of the gastric mucosa to secrete acid and pepsin, b) in aged rats, decreased acid and pepsin output could in part be attributed to mucosal atrophy; c) responsiveness of the gastric mucosa to pentagastrin decreases with age; and d) in aged animals, gastric acid secretion is not regulated by histamine. PMID- 3250884 TI - Alterations in hypothalamic serotonergic-catecholaminergic relationships in aging C57BL/6J female mice. AB - The effects of aging and estradiol on the three major hypothalamic monoaminergic systems were measured in female C57BL/6J mice. Both aging and estradiol treatment induced small (10-15%) changes in the levels and ratios of the monoamines and their catabolites. In addition, the levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the major serotonergic catabolite, were strongly correlated with the levels of the two major dopaminergic catabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid. Aging affected the relationship between 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and the dopaminergic catabolites such that the slope of the regression lines of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid on the dopaminergic compounds was increased in older mice. The age-related alteration in the correlations between the serotonergic and dopaminergic compounds may be due to an effect of aging on the acid export system. PMID- 3250885 TI - Vitamin E supplementation and intense selection increase clonal life span in Paramecium tetraurelia. AB - Vitamin E added to standard Cerophyl medium at 0.025 mg/ml significantly increased the mean clonal life span of 32 lines of Paramecium tetraurelia from 52.5 days and 187 fissions to 59.9 days and 209 fissions (p less than .05) when compared to unsupplemented, paired controls. The age-specific death rates increased exponentially. Regression analyses found a significantly lower rate of increasing mortality for the supplemented lines compared to controls. Weekly fission rates of supplemented lines declined linearly; more slowly than controls, but not significantly so. A second experiment tested two higher levels of supplemental vitamin E (0.10 and 1.00 mg/ml). Sublines receiving 1.00 mg/ml of supplemental vitamin E had higher rates of mortality and lower fission rates initially, but the mortality rates increased and the fission rates decreased more slowly than in sublines receiving 0.10 mg/ml supplemental vitamin E, resulting in maximum clonal life spans of 141 days and 330 fissions (1.00 mg/ml sublines), compared to 74 days and 271 fissions (0.10 mg/ml sublines). Survivorship of the last individual cells (nondividing) of each clone followed an exponential decline, with a significant increase in mean survival time for supplemented compared to unsupplemented cells (p less than .05). PMID- 3250887 TI - [15th meeting of the Japan Endocrine Society, Neuroendocrine Section. Tsu, 6 November 1988. Abstract]. PMID- 3250886 TI - [61st fall meeting of the Japan Endocrine Society. Osaka, 4-5 November 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3250888 TI - [Lab side--composites--inlays. Direct method of Kulzer]. PMID- 3250889 TI - [Dental technical handling of palladium alloys]. PMID- 3250890 TI - [Application of CNC controlled machines from dental technician's viewpoints]. PMID- 3250891 TI - [Provisional crowns and bridges]. PMID- 3250892 TI - [The way it was when it was?]. PMID- 3250893 TI - [Multicolor wax technique. More than a philosophy]. PMID- 3250894 TI - [Embedding with Vestogum prosthetic finishing made easy]. PMID- 3250895 TI - [Ceramic partial denture with active attachment]. PMID- 3250897 TI - [Protrusive excursive double plate. A protrusion treatment aid]. PMID- 3250896 TI - [Selection and use of materials. Two important criteria]. PMID- 3250898 TI - [Known aspects of handling in porcelain inlay/onlay technic]. PMID- 3250899 TI - [More technical procedure safeguards in the shaping of correct shade of ceramics]. PMID- 3250900 TI - [Full ceramic bridges. Framework of stone or hard stone]. PMID- 3250901 TI - [Materials suitable for occlusal restorations. First report on Isosit-10]. PMID- 3250902 TI - [Esthetic solution: preparation of ceramic facets]. PMID- 3250903 TI - [Social aspects of modern implantology]. PMID- 3250905 TI - [The computer will only change our laboratory work space, not do away with rationality]. PMID- 3250904 TI - [Ceramic mantle crowns. Firing procedures, working, and polishing]. PMID- 3250906 TI - [Chromosomal localization and evolutionary age of satellite DNAs of Mustelidae]. AB - DNA reassociation kinetics were studied in the European mink (Mustela lutreola), the American mink (M. vison), the marbled polecat (Vormela peregusna). Variation in DNA quantity and heterochromatin amount occurs in connection with changes in the size of all kinetic fractions. Moderately repetitive genome component is the most variable in these three species. Cryptic CsCl satellite of the stoat (M. erminea), Ag+/Cs2SO4 satellites of the M. vison, V. peregusna were used for in situ homo- and heterologous hybridizations. Satellite DNAs revealed may be classified for the evolution age and chromosomal location type. More ancient satellite DNAs were dispersed in carnivors or mammalian genomes. Mustelids' specific satellites are concentrated in heterochromatic chromosome regions. The evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3250907 TI - [Genetic divergence of Mus musculus musculus and M. m. hortulanus]. AB - Genetic divergence between house mouse and gleaner mouse from different regions of Ukraine was estimated by electrophoresis at 26 loci. Four diagnostic loci were established among these species: IDH-1, Est-1,2,4. Genetic distance between species is 0.217, which is in accordance with genetic differences between other species of the genus Mus. The results obtained give evidence that house and gleaner mouse are different species. PMID- 3250908 TI - [Integral evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic variability of morphologic and psychophysiologic human traits]. AB - The paper demonstrates the expedience of the developed populational-genetic approach to studying the genetic bases of a complex of quantitative characters pertaining to different levels of human organization: anthropometry, neurodynamics and psychodynamics. The studies were carried out in eight human populations of different degree of isolation and ethnical background. It is shown that correlation phenotypic variability is higher for these characters, as compared to genotypic variability, the number of general genes responsible for this variability being decreased, respectively. PMID- 3250909 TI - [Effect of chromosomal constitution with respect to the sex chromosomes on the proliferative activity of human lymphocytes]. AB - Rate division of human lymphocytes was studied in 85 healthy siblings and 142 normal non-related individuals using sister chromatid differential staining in standard conditions of cell culturing. It was shown that proliferation of male lymphocytes exceeds that of female cells. This sexual dimorphism does not depend on the time of fixation of cell cultures and probably is conditioned by differential chromosomal constitution of the two sexes. The study of sex chromosome mosaics revealed rate modification of cell proliferation in the line: 45,X greater than 46,XY greater than 46,XX. The possibility of influence of heterochromatin and sex chromosomal genes on control of cell division is discussed. PMID- 3250910 TI - [Investigation of the distribution of haptoglobin genotypes in human populations]. AB - Distribution of haptoglobin genotypes in a number of population specimens of the main World regions is studied. New statistics permitting to reveal deviation from the Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium and its direction (towards either deficiency or excess of heterozygotes) are proposed. S-statistics, based on the model of selection against homozygotes, can be used for quantitative estimation of the deviation. In this way, statistically significant excess of heterozygotes was found in European, North Asia and North American populations. In some areas, the coefficient of selection (S-statistics) is about 10%. Additional data which reflect different adaptive values of haptoglobin genotypes permit to suppose that the existence of haptoglobin polymorphism is provided by both higher fertility and lower viability of homozygotes Hp 2-2. PMID- 3250911 TI - [Mathematical simulation of the selection process in a dairy herd]. AB - The effect of intensity of selection for parentage and individual performance of cows, according to age structure, genetic gain and average production was studied in a dairy unit per 2000 stable places. The maximum genetic gain was achieved as a result of combined selection of cow dams when 66 per cent of heifers were selected for parentage and 20 per cent of first-calvers were culled for their performance (26.5 replacements). With increase in the selection intensity, the average milk yield increased by 3-6 per cent but the genetic efficiency of cow dams selection decreased by 10-37 per cent. PMID- 3250913 TI - [Effect of NH4+ on synaptosomal membrane potential in the rat brain]. AB - The effect of NH4+ on synaptosomal membrane potential was examined using rat brains. The membrane potential was measured by the rhodamine 6G fluorescence method. Both NH4+ diffusion potential (NH4+-potential) and K+ diffusion potential (K+-potential) were observed in the synaptosomes. Upon replacement of medium Cl- with SCN-, both K+- and NH4+-potentials depolarized. On the other hand, replacement of medium Cl- with gluconate resulted in the hyperpolarization of K+ potential, but not of NH4+-potential. Ethacrynic acid (0.3 mM), a Cl- -ATPase inhibitor, depolarized both K+(Cl-)- and NH4+ (Cl-)-potentials. In the presence of ethacrynic acid, both of the potentials were further depolarized by replacement of medium Cl- with SCN-, but not with gluconate-. Picrotoxin (5 mM), a Cl- channel inhibitor, did not significantly affect either K+- or NH4+ potential. In the presence of picrotoxin, replacement of medium Cl- with SCN- depolarized both K+- and NH4+-potentials with or without ethacrynic acid. Gluconate depolarized the K+-potential with ethacrynic acid and the NH4+ potential with or without ethacrynic acid. These findings suggest that NH4+ forms a diffusion potential in nerve endings, and inhibits the anion-mediated hyperpolarization through mechanisms other than anion channels. PMID- 3250912 TI - [Effects of ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A) administered intraperitoneally on cholinergic nerves in rat brain]. AB - Rats injected i.p. with AF64A at a dose of 1/3 to 11/25 LD50 showed transient signs of motor disturbance such as ataxia, squatting down and respiratory distress and also longer lasting signs consisting of adipsia, aphagia and loss of body weight. Twenty-four hours after a single injection with AF64A (129 mumol/kg), ACh contents in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum decreased significantly, and the content in the cerebral cortex still remained at a lowered level even 10 days after injection. When rats received AF64A i.p. with an initial dose of 129 mumol/kg and nine consecutive daily doses of 12.9 mumol/kg and thereafter they were kept with no medication for at least 20 days, the ACh contents in the three brain regions were still significantly reduced. ACh release by electrical stimulation or K+, but not spontaneous release, was significantly reduced in the AF64A treated rats. The T-maze spontaneous alternation behavior in rats treated with AF64A was impaired. The present results indicate that AF64A administered i.p. can induce a long lasting defect in central cholinergic transmission. PMID- 3250915 TI - [Emetic and catalepsy-inducing actions of buflomedil]. AB - The emetic and catalepsy-inducing actions of buflomedil were studied in dog and mice. Oral administration of buflomedil (10-30 mg/kg) dose-dependently induced vomiting in dogs. On the other hand, the buflomedil-induced vomiting was inhibited by the pretreatment with domperidone (1 mg/kg, p.o.). A high dose of buflomedil (120-360 mg/kg, p.o.) induced catalepsy in mice, while a low dose of this agent (30-120 mg/kg, p.o.) had no enhancing effect on haloperidol-induced catalepsy. It was also found that the buflomedil-induced catalepsy was inhibited by the pretreatments with L-DOPA (300 mg/kg, i.p.) and bromocriptine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. These results suggest that buflomedil may induce emetic action as a dopamine agonist at a low dose, whereas it acts as a dopamine antagonist and a catalepsy inducer at a high concentration. PMID- 3250914 TI - [Influence of indometacin farnesil on blood coagulation. Comparison with indomethacin in normal rats and warfarin induced hypoprothrombinemic rats]. AB - The influence of indometacin farnesil (IMF), a prodrug of indomethacin, on blood coagulation was compared with indomethacin (Ind) in normal rats and warfarin treated rats. In normal rats, 30 mg/kg of Ind very markedly shortened the extrinsic coagulation time and decreased the hematocrit, GOT, GPT and ALP in plasma at 24 hr after administration, but 3 mg/kg of Ind and both 10 and 100 mg/kg of IMF did not influence any parameter. In warfarin treated rats, 2.5 mg/kg of Ind decreased the normal prothrombin level at 48 hr, and 10 mg/kg of Ind prolonged the blood coagulation time, decreased the normal prothrombin level and hematocrit, and increased the PIVKA-II level. Moreover, at 48 hr, 3 of 6 rats in the 10 mg/kg Ind-administered group died due to intestinal bleeding. IMF at all dosages examined did not affect any of the above parameters. PMID- 3250916 TI - [The influence of a monobactam antibiotic, aztreonam, and other antibiotics on blood coagulation in vitamin K-deficient rats]. AB - The influence of aztreonam (AZT), a new monobactam antibiotic, on blood coagulation was compared with latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazon (CPZ), cefotetan (CTT) and ampicillin (ABPC). These antibiotics were administered intraperitoneally once a day for 7 days to rats fed a vitamin K-deficient diet. On the 8th day, blood coagulation activity and bacteria in the caecum were observed. 1) One hundred mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of LMOX prolonged the blood coagulation time and decreased normal prothrombin in a dose-dependent manner. CPZ, CTT and ABPC (300 mg/kg each) decreased both of these parameters, but not as much as LMOX did. AZT (300 mg/kg) had no effect on these parameters. 2) Three hundred mg/kg of ABPC and LMOX decreased the viable cell counts of all aerobic G (+), aerobic G (-), and anaerobic bacteria and yeast, while AZT decreased only aerobic G (-) bacteria. These results suggest that AZT may be less likely to induce hypoprothrombinemia than other antibiotics in clinical use. PMID- 3250917 TI - [Effects of nitrendipine on cardiovascular systems]. AB - Cardiovascular effects of nitrendipine were examined in anesthetized dogs, blood perfused canine papillary muscles and isolated arteries. In anesthetized dogs, nitrendipine by intravenous (0.3-10 micrograms/kg) or intraduodenal (0.1 mg/kg) administration lowered blood pressure and increased coronary and vertebral blood flow. Nitrendipine also decreased the difference in oxygen concentrations between arterial and coronary sinus blood, which indicates that nitrendipine increased the oxygen supply to the heart. Myocardial oxygen consumption was slightly increased at a low dose (3 micrograms/kg, i.v.) accompanied with a small increase in max dP/dt, but was decreased at high doses (30-100 micrograms/kg, i.v.). A negative inotropic effect was observed in blood-perfused canine papillary muscles. However, nitrendipine is thought to be highly vasoselective because much higher doses were required to decrease the myocardial contraction than to increase the coronary blood flow. Furthermore, nitrendipine suppressed the contraction induced by KCl, acetylcholine, histamine, norepinephrine, 5 hydroxytryptamine and prostaglandin F2 alpha of porcine coronary arteries, and the rhythmic contraction induced by 3,4-diaminopyridine of canine coronary arteries. In isolated rabbit aortic preparations, nitrendipine strongly inhibited the KCl-induced contraction, but not the phenylephrine-induced contraction. These effects of nitrendipine were almost similar to those of nifedipine. It is suggested that nitrendipine decreases afterload (blood pressure), increases the blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart, and inhibits coronary spasm, which is due to the calcium antagonistic effect. Nitrendipine may be useful for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases. PMID- 3250918 TI - [Factors influencing the progress of kidney function disorders]. PMID- 3250919 TI - [Studies on clinical features at the start of dialysis and the prognosis of diabetic patients]. PMID- 3250920 TI - [Studies on clinical significance of exercise-induced ST-segment depression at non-infarct-related leads in patients with prior myocardial infarction using the stress scintigraphy]. PMID- 3250921 TI - [Evaluation of serum cathepsin B-like activity in liver diseases]. PMID- 3250923 TI - [Postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the duodenal papilla in the cat]. PMID- 3250922 TI - [Topics of drugs. Quality of drugs and therapeutic drug monitoring]. PMID- 3250924 TI - [Morphometrical analysis over a 24-hour period in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus under the different lighting conditions]. PMID- 3250925 TI - Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia using 17 hydroxyprogesterone assay in filter paper blood spots. AB - Screening of infants for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) using filter paper blood samples collected on the 5th day of life was performed with a radioimmunoassay for 17-hydroxyprogesterone without extraction with organic solvents. A total of 153,000 newborns were screened and 12 cases of CAH were detected (1:12,800). With recall levels related to gestational age, the recall rate could be lowered to 0.05%. PMID- 3250926 TI - Physiological growth hormone secretion in children with short stature and intra uterine growth retardation. AB - 31 prepubertal children with short stature [mean height standard deviation score (SDS) -2.84] and low birth weight (mean -2.82 SDS) were studied. Mean age was 6.0 years and mean height velocity SDS was -0.76. Patients were classified as having either the clinical characteristics of Russell-Silver syndrome (RSS) (4 F, 13 M) or not (4 F, 10 M). All children had an overnight profile of spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion. 4 children achieved a maximum GH concentration of less than 20 mU/l. 9 children with RSS secreted only one large GH peak during the night. Most of the non-RSS group had normal GH pulse frequency but 3 boys had a fast-frequency pattern. Abnormal GH secretion may contribute towards growth failure in children with low birth weight/RSS. PMID- 3250927 TI - Study of neurotropic influences in vitiligo. PMID- 3250928 TI - Vitiligo and disseminated discoid lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3250929 TI - Lichen planus hypertrophicus with carcinoma breast in a male patient (a case report). PMID- 3250930 TI - Acanthosis nigricans (a case report). PMID- 3250931 TI - Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea in male with norfloxacin. PMID- 3250932 TI - Removal torques for polished and rough titanium implants. PMID- 3250933 TI - The effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on bone regeneration: an experimental study using the bone harvest chamber in the rabbit. PMID- 3250934 TI - Clinical and histological observations of failed two-stage titanium alloy basket implants. PMID- 3250935 TI - In vivo fracture of the tricalcium phosphate coating from the titanium body of an osseointegrating-type dental implant: a case report. PMID- 3250936 TI - Action of a new non-steroid antiinflammatory drug, nimesulide, on activation of the complement system: an in vitro study. AB - The complement system has a pivotal role in the antiinflammatory reaction. Furthermore it has been shown that the sequential activation of the complement system may be inhibited at various levels by pharmacological agents such as non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Therefore the eventual anticomplementary action of Nimesulide was assessed in vitro in various experimental models. It was found that it blocks immunohaemolysis in vitro and has a direct effect on serum complement activity. Nimesulide blocks the activation of third complement and this explains why the drug is also inhibitory on the inulin-induced haemolytic reaction. PMID- 3250937 TI - Biological properties of pancreatic elastase in relation to atherosclerotic disease. AB - The inhibitory effect of elastase on experimental atherosclerosis has been reported in numerous studies. In our investigation, performed in the rat, a pancreatic extract provided with elastolytic activity has been shown to possess an anti-aggregative effect in vitro and ex vivo and anti-thrombotic properties. In addition, the elastase was capable of inhibiting endothelial exfoliation induced by the desquamatory agent sodium citrate. This agent was tested for its microhaemorrhoeological activity in acute and subacute experiments. In both these conditions, elastase was able to increase the flexibility of red blood cells and their resistance to lysis provoked by hypotonic solutions. In animals fed on an atherogenic diet, this substance limited the lipoprotein accumulation in the aorta wall. Moreover, it reduced the enhanced calcium content, induced by vitamin D administration, in the tissue of arteries. These data indicate that elastase can counteract some pathobiological aspects that characterize atherosclerotic events. PMID- 3250938 TI - Experimental carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis of the liver. AB - The authors produced an experimental model of cirrhosis by administering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneally over 46 weeks to female Wistar rats at a dose of 0.2 ml of a solution of CCl4 in 33% mineral oil. The cytotoxic effect on the liver of this substance was evaluated in different developmental stages of the process by macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural studies. PMID- 3250939 TI - Further studies on the role of the adrenals in the capsaicin-sensitive "gastric defence mechanism". AB - Adrenalectomy enhances the degree of gastric ulcers induced in rats by indomethacin or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), but not that induced by 96% ethanol. Systemic capsaicin pretreatment, which selectively induces degeneration of primary sensory neurons, produces aggravation of gastric ulcers induced by ASA, indomethacin or 96% ethanol in sham-operated animals but not in adrenalectomized rats. These findings provide evidence for the involvement of adrenal glands in the capsaicin-sensitive "gastric defence mechanism" regardless of the ulcerogenic stimulus used. PMID- 3250940 TI - Short-term effects of alcohol on peripheral blood flow, platelet aggregation and noradrenaline output in normal man. AB - The effects of acute oral administration of alcohol on finger and forearm blood flow, platelet aggregation and plasma noradrenaline were examined over a three hour period in a group of healthy male volunteers. Finger blood flow was increased at 15, 30 and 60 min and skin temperature was raised at 30 and 60 min. Digital systolic blood pressure was decreased at 15 and 30 min. No change in forearm blood flow was observed. A linear correlation was observed between finger blood flow, skin temperature and plasma alcohol concentrations. No significant changes were observed in platelet aggregation nor in plasma noradrenaline levels. Alcohol appears to have a greater effect on digital and skin blood flow as compared with muscle blood flow. PMID- 3250941 TI - Influence of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide on muscarinic cholinergic receptors and ATP level in rat myocytes and lymphocytes. AB - Isolated rat neonatal cardiac myocytes and rat lymph-node lymphocytes were treated with Fe2+ cumene hydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide. The intensity of lipid peroxidation was estimated by measuring production of malondialdehyde (MDA). The level of muscarinic cholinergic receptors was determined by [3H]-QNB binding. Cumene hydroperoxide treatment was found to induce lipid peroxidation in both myocytes and lymphocytes, the process being more pronounced in myocytes. An important decrease of muscarinic cholinergic receptor level and a significant drop of intracellular ATP level in these cells were simultaneously observed. In both cell types, hydrogen peroxide treatment decreased the ATP level while lipid peroxidation and muscarinic cholinergic receptors were unaffected. The different effect of hydrogen peroxide on lipid peroxidation and the level of muscarinic cholinergic receptors on the one hand and the ATP level on the other suggests that this substance acts mainly in the intracellular space. PMID- 3250942 TI - Guanine nucleotides activate cytosolic phospholipase C of ascites tumour cells stimulated by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol. AB - The hydrolysis of [3H]phosphatidylinositol (PI) and [3H]phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) by cytosolic inositide phosphodiesterase (phospholipase C) from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells was determined. Cytosolic fractions were prepared from tumour cells that had been cultivated for two days at low serum level (2%) in the presence of 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG). Cytosols from unstimulated cells (2% serum without OAG) were used for comparison. Phospholipase C acting on PI and PIP2 was significantly inhibited in the cytosol of OAG stimulated cells. The suppressed enzyme was activated by Ca2+ and also by the guanine nucleotide GTP in a concentration-dependent manner independently of calcium ions. In the presence of Ca2+, GTP exerted a synergistic stimulatory effect. In contrast, GTP and GTP gamma S showed no effect on the phospholipase C activity of unstimulated cells. It is suggested that the suppressed PI- and PIP2 specific enzyme activity can be modulated by its susceptibility to Ca2+ ions and GTP probably via the GTP-binding protein. PMID- 3250943 TI - Morphologic evaluation of gastric mucosal protection by colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol). AB - The morphologic changes in the gastric mucosa of rats receiving colloidal bismuth subscitrate (CBS) at 120 mg/kg p.o. followed by intragastric instillation of 1 ml absolute ethanol have been assessed by macroscopic examination, quantitative histology and scanning electron microscopy. Macroscopically, virtually complete protection against ethanol injury was noted in CBS-pretreated animals, while control animals showed severe necrotic haemorrhagic lesions. Although light microscopy revealed disruption of the epithelium extending into the gastric pits, CBS protected deep pit cells and necrotic lesions were almost absent. By 6 h after ethanol instillation, surface epithelium was mostly restituted in the CBS group but not in the controls. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed these findings. It is concluded that CBS protects the gastric mucosa against ethanol injury by preventing deep mucosal necrosis and that as a consequence the recovery of mucosal integrity is promoted. PMID- 3250944 TI - Stimulation of phospholipase C activity by 4-hydroxynonenal; influence of GTP and calcium concentration. AB - 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major aldehyde end-product of lipid peroxidation, induces in vitro a rapid stimulation of rat liver PIP2-phospholipase C. At physiological Ca2+ concentration the effect of the aldehyde is strongly potentiated by guanosine thiotriphosphate (GTP gamma S); GPT gamma S; at higher Ca2+ levels the acceleration of PIP2 breakdown induced by the aldehyde reaches very high values, but is no longer modulated by the presence of GTP gamma S. As the concentration of the aldehyde used (1 micromolar) can be actually reached in tissues, the effects shown in vitro are likely to occur in vivo. PMID- 3250945 TI - 1988 International Symposium on Clinical Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. May 1988. PMID- 3250946 TI - Bone remodeling. PMID- 3250947 TI - Paget bone disease and heredity: a case report. PMID- 3250948 TI - Duplication and deletion 11q23-q24 recombinants in two offspring of an intrachromosomal insertion ("shift") carrier. PMID- 3250949 TI - Perinatal idiopathic hemochromatosis. PMID- 3250950 TI - Bladder catheter knotting: a case report. PMID- 3250952 TI - Validation of electronic rectal thermometry. PMID- 3250953 TI - The circumcision decision: a plea for informed consent. PMID- 3250951 TI - Serum creatinine concentrations in healthy newborns: reference ranges during the first five days of life. PMID- 3250954 TI - Pediatric emergency care: a survey of Michigan emergency departments. PMID- 3250955 TI - Child life: meeting the psychosocial needs of children and families in the hospital. PMID- 3250956 TI - Adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases: case report. PMID- 3250957 TI - The role and success of school-based clinics. PMID- 3250959 TI - [61st general meeting of the Japanese Leprosy Association. Izumo, 12-13 April 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3250958 TI - Setting up an adolescent clinic in a suburban pediatric office group practice. PMID- 3250960 TI - Mycobacterium leprae-susceptibility of non-obese diabetic hybrid nude mice. PMID- 3250961 TI - The nude mouse as an experimental lepromatous leprosy model (continued): the NFS/N nude mouse as a new model using the intra-upper lip inoculation method. PMID- 3250962 TI - Prefrontal-limbic epilepsy: experimental functional anatomy. AB - Nonconvulsive seizures from prefrontal cortex in humans cause complex behavioral, motor, and autonomic manifestations. In order to gain insight into the possible anatomical basis of these phenomena, we have studied experimental seizures from medial and lateral prefrontal-limbic cortex and the amygdaloid complex in rat. Small injections of penicillin or electrical stimulation were used to induce seizures, and the [14C]deoxyglucose technique was employed to map pathways of seizure spread. Analysis of results indicates that prefrontal-limbic cortex and amygdala exhibit strong bilateral reciprocal interaction. Mild seizures from these different areas activated both unique and similar pathways and targets. With increasing strength of discharge from these areas, there was a convergence of the subcortical pattern of activation in medial and midline thalamic nuclei and bilateral substantia nigra. These studies suggest that complex epileptic phenomena in humans evoked from a prefrontal seizure focus relate to activation of cortical and subcortical functional limbic anatomy. PMID- 3250963 TI - Isolated phasic discharges in anterior tibial muscle: a stable feature of paradoxical sleep. AB - Phasic muscle discharges known currently as "fasciculations" are more frequently encountered in the limb skeletal muscles and predominate in the lower limbs when compared with the upper limbs. Of the lower limbs, the most active during paradoxical sleep (PS) is the anterior tibial muscle. When quantifying phasic discharges of the eyes versus a lower limb muscle during PS, the former are 14 times more frequent than the latter. During PS there is a sporadic and nonsignificant decrease in the tonus of the antigravitational extensor muscles. Isolated phasic discharges in anterior tibial muscles are a stable feature of PS. PMID- 3250964 TI - Modified nomenclature for the "10%" electrode system. AB - A modified nomenclature for designating the auxiliary electrodes of the 10% system is described. PMID- 3250965 TI - Second annual meeting of the American Academy of Clinical Neurophysiology. June 18-21, 1987, Boston, Massachusetts. Abstracts. PMID- 3250966 TI - [Results of early removal of intra-ocular silicone after vitreoretinal surgery]. AB - Report of the anatomic results of early silicone oil removal in 23 eyes successfully treated by vitrectomy and silicone oil injection after membrane peeling. After cicatrization of retinopexy using panretinal photocoagulation, the silicone oil was removed. The retina remained attached in 87% of cases. The utility of laser retinopexy before silicone oil ablation is discussed. PMID- 3250967 TI - [Strabismus and heterophoria: the situation in Zaire]. AB - The results of a prospective study of 66 cases of squint among black Zairian people are presented. The frequency of strabismus in routine ophthalmic consultation was estimated at 1.5% with a large number of exodeviations (1.25%). Excessive divergence was by far the commonest form of exodeviations. A large pupillary distance and telorism are common in Zairian people. PMID- 3250968 TI - [Orbital cellulitis following surgery of strabismus]. AB - The authors report a case of orbital cellulitis after strabismus surgery. Diagnosis was confirmed by computerized tomography. Subsequent therapy and follow up are discussed. Attention is drawn to the importance of this syndrome. PMID- 3250970 TI - [The Monoyer's decimal scale]. PMID- 3250969 TI - [The standard of measurement of visual acuity]. PMID- 3250971 TI - Diamond jubilee of IMA and our pledge. PMID- 3250973 TI - Indian Medical Association: an organisation. PMID- 3250972 TI - National health policy and Indian Medical Association. PMID- 3250974 TI - ORT programme and IMA. PMID- 3250975 TI - Problems of medical journalism. PMID- 3250976 TI - A study of HLA-A, B, DR and Bf bearing haplotypes derived from 304 families resident in the north west of England. AB - We report here haplotype frequencies for class I (HLA-A, B), class II (HLA-DR) and class III (Bf) gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of man. As in other studies (Bertrams & Baur, 1979; Grange et al., 1981), we have chosen to document all families typed for HLA antigens and Bf phenotypes irrespective of ascertainment. We obtained 1,094 haplotypes from 304 families resident in the North West of England, of which 34.1% had been fully typed for HLA-A,B,DR and Bf polymorphisms. We have been able to find both positive and negative linkage disequilibria for two and three locus haplotypes and have listed the most commonly occurring four locus haplotypes. Our data confirms the position of the complement group between HLA-B and HLA-DR, and we have looked for evidence of segregation distortion of MHC haplotypes. PMID- 3250977 TI - A new duplication at the C4B locus associated with the HLA-Aw68, Cw8, Bw65 haplotype. AB - A family with a cross-over between HLA-B and HLA-DR was analysed for its complement alleles. This allowed location of the cross-over between HLA-B and C4. Furthermore, the same family showed a previously undescribed duplication at the C4B locus (C4B* 2,2) that was associated with the HLA-Aw68, Cw8, Bw65, C2*1, Bf*S, C4A*2, DR7, DQw2 haplotype. PMID- 3250978 TI - [Amino acid sequence analysis of membrane proteins]. PMID- 3250979 TI - [Cathepsin B--recent studies and perspective]. PMID- 3250981 TI - [26th meeting of the Japan Society of Cancer Therapy. Niigata, 29 September-1 October 1988. Program]. PMID- 3250980 TI - [61st meeting of the Japanese Biochemical Society. Tokyo, 3-6 October 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3250982 TI - [26th meeting of the Japan Society for Cancer Therapy, Niigata, 29 September-1 October 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3250984 TI - [Recent trend in the research of hypertension in Japan. Characteristics of hypertension in Japan]. PMID- 3250983 TI - [Supraventricular tachycardias and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 3250985 TI - [Recent trend in the research of hypertension in Japan. Impact of a family history of hypertension on blood pressure levels during adolescence]. PMID- 3250987 TI - [Farmer's lung disease; relationship between prevalence and dairy farming]. PMID- 3250986 TI - [Recent trend in the research of hypertension in Japan. Acute gastric ulceration due to excessive reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 3250988 TI - [Cerebral infarction, hypertension and glucose intolerance in the elderly]. PMID- 3250989 TI - [A case of sarcoidosis which showed gradual development of abnormal Q waves in the ECG]. PMID- 3250990 TI - [A case of familial Mediterranean fever with paroxysmal pseudo-obstruction of bowel]. PMID- 3250991 TI - [Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification with dominant inheritance]. PMID- 3250992 TI - [An adult case of familial ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency]. PMID- 3250993 TI - [A case of nontraumatic Clostridium septicum infection with intrahepatic pneumatic tumor and adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon]. PMID- 3250995 TI - [Juvenile spinocerebellar degeneration with low vitamin B6 concentration both in serum and cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 3250994 TI - [A case of ankylosing spondylitis associated with IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 3250996 TI - [Dental anthropological study of Peruvian Indians]. PMID- 3250997 TI - [Changes in the response properties in the pulp nerve fibers to physical and chemical stimuli of high intensity]. PMID- 3250998 TI - [Biochemical analysis of myofibroblasts isolated from scar tissue in rat palatal mucoperiosteum]. PMID- 3251000 TI - Advantages of a standard method for research on reproductive effects of occupation. AB - A recent review of the literature identified several common methodological weaknesses in studies of the effects of occupational exposures on male and female reproductive processes. This paper suggests a strategy which addresses these problems, by the use of a standard method. The potential benefits include increased measurement reliability and statistical power, together with a systematic study of expected (background) rates, confounding effects, types of exposure and selection effects. Particular advantages are the avoidance of designating a group as non-exposed with attendant problems of bias, and in the longer term the study of multiple or rare exposures. PMID- 3250999 TI - [Histological and experimental study on the role of F-actin in mouse facial morphogenesis]. PMID- 3251001 TI - Port Pirie Cohort study: childhood blood lead and neuropsychological development at age two years. AB - The Port Pirie Cohort Study is an ongoing prospective study of the relationship between exposure to environmental lead within a lead smelter community, and neuropsychological development in early childhood. Over 600 children, originally recruited during antenatal life, underwent serial blood lead estimations up to two years of age. Systematic interview information was collected on a range of variables, and formal developmental assessment (Bayley Scales of Infant Development) was carried out at 24 months of age. Blood lead concentrations measured antenatally (maternal), at delivery (maternal and umbilical cord) and postnatally at 6, 15 and 24 months were negatively correlated (p less than 0.05) with mental development at 24 months of age. Geometric mean blood lead concentrations (microgram/dl) were 14.3, 20.8 and 21.2 at 6, 15 and 24 months of age respectively. When multiple covariates, including maternal IQ, were controlled for in multiple regression analysis, a statistically significant (p less than 0.01) inverse association was observed between blood lead concentration (PbB) measured at 6 months of age and mental development at 2 years of age. No such association was evident for psychomotor development. When the quality of the home environment (HOME Score) was added to the multiple regression model, the inverse association between blood lead concentration at 6 months of age and mental development at 2 years persisted, albeit less strongly (p = 0.07). From this analysis, it is estimated that a child with with PbB of 30 micrograms/dl at age 6 months will have a deficit of 3.3 points (approximately 3%) on the Bayley Mental Development Scale relative to a child with PbB of 10 micrograms/dl. PMID- 3251002 TI - Associations of alcohol consumption with plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol and its major subfractions: the Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Heart Disease Studies. AB - In surveys of 4860 middle-aged men in Caerphilly (South Wales) and Speedwell (Bristol) alcohol consumption has been related to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and its major subfractions, HDL2 and HDL3, measured in a single fasting blood sample. The results confirm that high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increases as the amount of alcohol regularly consumed increases. The relationship appears to be linear and is independent of age, smoking habit, body mass index, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma total triglyceride. This rise in HDL cholesterol is not mediated through either HDL2 cholesterol or HDL3 cholesterol alone. Both subclasses increase significantly and by similar amounts with increasing alcohol intake. PMID- 3251003 TI - Type A behaviour and prevalent heart disease in the Caerphilly study: increase in risk or symptom reporting? AB - Type A behaviour was assessed by modified Framingham scale in a total sample of 1956 employed men in the Caerphilly study. Prevalent heart disease was measured by cardiovascular questionnaire to obtain evidence of myocardial infarction and angina, and by electrocardiogram (ECG) for evidence of ischaemia. Type A was inversely related to age and systolic blood pressure and was positively related to social class and height. It was not related to serum cholesterol or alcohol consumption. After control for age, systolic blood pressure, height, smoking and social class, type A was found to be independent of angina but positively associated with an increased risk of possible myocardial infarction (MI). Type A was also associated with increased risk of confirmed MI. An inverse association was found between type A and asymptomatic ischaemic heart disease (IHD). The association between type A and symptomatic IHD could be due to symptom reporting. PMID- 3251004 TI - The Inter-Regional Epidemiological Study of Childhood Cancer (IRESCC): past medical history in children with cancer. AB - The Inter-Regional Epidemiological Study of Childhood Cancer (IRESCC) collected interview and medical information relating to the child's past medical experiences from parents of 555 children diagnosed with cancer and parents of 1110 unaffected matched controls. No significant associations emerged overall for ante-natal care, place and mode of delivery, length of gestation, birth weight, condition at birth, special care, neonatal procedures or breast-feeding. Few risk factors relating to previous illnesses and medication were found, although increasing numbers of illnesses appeared to be associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. A highly significant excess of case children had not been immunised (p = 0.005). In general, these results indicate that past medical experiences have little influence on the development of cancer in children. PMID- 3251005 TI - High and low risk groups for cancer of colon and rectum in Denmark: multiplicative Poisson models applied to register linkage data. AB - Multiplicative Poisson models were used to identify subgroups of the Danish population at high and low risk of developing cancer of the right or left side of the colon, and cancer of the rectum. The analysis was based on cross-linked data from the 1970 census and the Danish Cancer Registry, where a 10-year follow-up period yielded some 20,000 colo-rectal cancers, in approximately 2.5 million persons. The risk of cancer of the right side of the colon in longer educated men living in apartment houses was almost twice as high as in farmers living in single family houses (relative risk 1.84; 95% confidence interval 1.42-2.37). A two-fold ratio (RR 2.18; 95% CI 1.70-2.62) was also seen in the risk of cancer of the left side of the colon between men with longer education in Greater Copenhagen and farmers in Jutland. The annual number of colon cancer cases in men in Denmark could be reduced by 27% if the incidence for all men was equal to that found for the low risk group of farmers. PMID- 3251006 TI - Gastro-intestinal atresias in Finland in 1970-79, indicating time-place clustering. AB - Information on oesophageal, duodenal and rectal atresias was collected from the hospitals, malformation register and death certificates in Finland from 1970-79. The respective prevalence rates were 4.1, 1.4 and 3.6 per 10,000 births, which are among the highest rates cited in the literature. Mothers of children with oesophageal and duodenal atresias were older than the average for child-bearing women in Finland. The sex ratio (male/female) of rectal atresia patients was 2.4. About 50% of the atresia patients had associated malformations. The data indicated time-spaced clustering for atresias. Furthermore, the cases of oesophageal and duodenal atresias appeared to spread within a time period of 30 days from a province to its neighbouring provinces to the north. Spreading was not observed for rectal atresias but clustering was noted when smaller geographic areas and individual communities were analysed. Occupations involving animal contacts were overpresented among the fathers of atresia patients. The data suggest infective aetiology, probably with no known clinical symptoms and no seasonal patterns. PMID- 3251007 TI - Frequency of births with potentially avoidable serious chromosomal anomalies in EEC countries, 1979-1982. AB - Child bearing at an early age and prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis in pregnant women of advanced age, combined with selective abortion, make it possible to avoid the birth of many children with serious chromosomal anomalies. To see how many of such births were still avoidable in Europe, data from 16 regional EUROCAT registers of congenital anomalies in nine EEC countries were analysed. In the period 1979-1982 about 30% of children with unbalanced anomalies of autosomes were born (live- and still-births) to mothers over 35 years of age. This amounts to an estimated 1300 cases yearly in the entire population of the nine countries. The approach shows the possible use of registry data for monitoring effects of avoidance strategies. PMID- 3251008 TI - Variation in demand for accident and emergency departments in England from 1974 to 1985. AB - Over the period 1974-85 the range of mean annual new attendance rates at Accident and Emergency departments among English health districts was 36-673 per 1000 residents. The socio-economic diversity of these districts explained only one third of the variation. The rates rose significantly (p less than 0.05) in 89 per cent of districts over the twelve years. Again, socio-economic variation only partly explained differences in district trends. Increases were greater among districts with higher mean rates. In order to plan first-contact care rationally we need a better understanding of the factors underlying these trends. PMID- 3251009 TI - Epidemiological aspects of suicide among the young in selected European countries. AB - Trends in reported suicide rates were analysed for the ages 5-24 years in 21 selected European countries in 1970-74 and 1980-84. In children the precision of the rates was found to be low though there appeared to be a trend to increased suicide in boys. In adolescent and young adult males, however, there was a definite increase in suicide over the period studied, and this was much more marked than in females, in whom the rates had declined in eight countries. The Belgian situation was investigated in detail. Increases were most pronounced in 20-24 year-old males. Around 1981, about half of youth suicides were committed by firearms and medicaments, and these methods showed the largest increases in risk. The estimated under-reporting error diminished with increasing age and over the past ten years. It was larger in females, but did not bias the trends substantially. On the aggregated level, youth suicide was found most strongly associated with indicators of anomie and social isolation. The relevance of these findings in the search for determinants and for preventive strategies is discussed. PMID- 3251010 TI - A preliminary study of excess mortality using a psychiatric case register. AB - Systematic screening of death certificates referable to residents of two health districts covered by a psychiatric case register allows the study of excess mortality in unselected psychiatric patients from a defined area of known population. Deaths among the case register patients exceeded those expected by 80%; the relative risk was maximal during the first year after registration and was significantly raised in both sexes and in patients of all age-groups. Patients may be selected by service use and by diagnostic group: the excess mortality of "inpatients" both in relative and absolute terms exceeded that of "outpatients". For dementia patients both the relative risk and more notably the absolute risk was high, and the excess mortality was significantly raised in both sexes and all age-groups. It was again greatest during the first year after registration. Deaths of patients with schizophrenia and paranoid psychosis exceeded those expected by 40 per cent and the excess was limited to the first year after registration and occurred predominantly among men. PMID- 3251011 TI - Changes in the incidence of acute appendicitis in Glasgow Asian and white children between 1971 and 1985. AB - Between 1971 and 1985 there was a significant rise in the annual hospital discharge rate for acute appendicitis in Glasgow Asian boys aged 10-19.9 years. A smaller and statistically insignificant rise occurred in Asian girls of 10-19.9 years; discharge rates for younger Asian boys and girls did not change significantly. In keeping with national trends, discharge rates for acute appendicitis in all Glasgow children fell significantly between 1971-85. The divergent trend in older Asian children may reflect dietary adaptation which is most marked in older Asian boys. PMID- 3251012 TI - Child-bearing after induced abortion: reassessment of risk. AB - We reviewed 1791 singleton pregnancies of women with a history of previous induced abortion and compared them with 14,857 pregnancies in mothers with no previous induced abortions. Therapeutic termination of pregnancy was associated with a statistically significant increase in the incidence of low birth weight infants and bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy. When other variables were examined, no significant differences were found between the two groups, except for a significantly higher rate of stillbirths among women who had not had a prior induced abortion. There were no increases in major or minor congenital malformations. PMID- 3251014 TI - The Hawthorne effect in the measurement of adolescent smoking. AB - It is possible that the process of repeatedly measuring the smoking behaviour of adolescents may very well affect that behaviour. This paper reports a test for the extent of such a "Hawthorne" effect in a longitudinal survey of smoking by English adolescents. The self-reported smoking behaviour of 15-16 year olds who attended schools which had participated in the study for five years was compared with that of 15-16 year olds who attended other schools. The prevalence of smoking was lower in those schools which had been surveyed for five years. A number of possible explanations for this finding are discussed. It is concluded that such a "Hawthorne" effect is unlikely to bias analyses relying on comparisons within the data set. However, they can certainly bias the prevalance estimates obtained from such a study. Thus they provide yet another reason why prevalence estimates from cohorts studied over a period of time must be used with considerable caution. PMID- 3251013 TI - Height and social class in middle-aged British men. AB - A study of 7735 middle-aged British men drawn from general practices in twenty four towns shows that there has been a progressive increase in mean height in the men who were born between 1919 and 1939. This is true for both manual and non manual classes, but the mean heights of the two groups are significantly different and remain widely separated over this period of time. Manual workers lag twenty years behind non-manual workers in their attained height. Data from other studies indicate that this social class difference in adult height is still present in those born up to 1960. The variation in mean height between the twenty four towns is less marked than the variation in mean height between the social classes. After social class and age have been taken into account, a "town effect" on height is still present. If height is accepted as an indicator of socio economic circumstances in childhood, then there is a difference in adult height between social class groups in Great Britain which does not appear to be diminishing. PMID- 3251015 TI - Effectiveness of screening for congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 3251016 TI - [89th meeting of the Otorhinolaryngological Society of Japan. Kanazawa, 27-29 May 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251017 TI - [Interconversion model analysis for acetohexamide and its metabolite, hydroxyhexamide in the rat by application of the simultaneous multi-lines fitting technique]. PMID- 3251018 TI - [The effects of age and concurrently administered of antiepileptic drugs on the apparent clearance of phenobarbital in epileptic children]. PMID- 3251019 TI - [Determination of furosemide and its metabolic products in plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography and clinical application]. PMID- 3251021 TI - [Identification and determination of platelet aggregation inhibitor from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linne)]. PMID- 3251020 TI - [Improvement of bioavailability of menaquinone-4 by dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexation following oral administration]. PMID- 3251022 TI - [An assay system using sample auto oxidizer for iodine concentration in tissues]. PMID- 3251023 TI - [Applications of photoacoustic spectroscopy to the quantitative analysis of drugs in dosage form]. PMID- 3251024 TI - [The effect of pH in the solutions on the absorption of cinnamic acid into the administration set]. PMID- 3251026 TI - [Pharmacognostical studies on Adiantum plants. II. On histotaxonomy of series Pedata and Flabellulata and the origins of related crude drugs]. PMID- 3251025 TI - [Pharmacognostical studies on Adiantum plants. I. On histotaxonomy of series Caudata and the origins of related crude drugs]. PMID- 3251027 TI - [Pharmacognostical studies on Adiantum plants. III. On histotaxonomy of series Venusta and the origins of related crude drugs]. PMID- 3251028 TI - [Mesenteric membrane permeability of salicylamide, salicylic acid and benzoic acid by peritoneal cavity perfusion]. PMID- 3251029 TI - [Decomposition and stabilization of drugs. XXI. Photodecomposition and stabilization of sodium guaiazulene sulfonate]. PMID- 3251030 TI - [Studies on poisonous metals. XX. Effects of chelating agents on distribution and excretion of inorganic mercury in rats]. PMID- 3251031 TI - [Inhibitory effect on pig testicular 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by various inhibitors of steroid metabolizing enzymes]. PMID- 3251032 TI - Bioavailability assessment and pharmacologic response: impact of first-pass loss when both drug and metabolites are active. AB - Many drugs with low oral bioavailability due to substantial first-pass hepatic loss form pharmacologically active metabolites. In such cases, the pharmacologic activity after oral administration is greater than anticipated from bioavailability data, based on chemical assay of drug alone. This paper explores the use and meaning of pharmacologic data to assess bioavailability under these circumstances. Two steady-state concepts are introduced: a metabolite-to-drug intravenous delivery rate potency ratio and an effective bioavailability, defined as the ratio of intravenous-to-oral delivery rates of drug required to produce the same response. Using a combined pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model, the impact of various factors on the effective bioavailability and on its estimation, using the intravenous-to-oral dose ratio required to produce the same area under the response time curve after acute administration, are explored. It is proposed that attention be centered more on comparison of rates of administration, or doses, that produce equal responses than on bioavailability per se. PMID- 3251034 TI - The sojourn time and its prospective use in pharmacology. AB - Sojourn time in a given compartment i when the material has been injected in compartment i (Sji) corresponds to the average time spent by the particles of the material in i before their definitive exit from that compartment. Sojourn time is different from the mean residence time (tji), which is the average age of the particles leaving the system. If K denotes the transfer matrix of the compartmental system, then -K-1 provides the sojourn times in each compartment given initial arrival in each of the other compartments. It can be shown that Sji = xi(s)/xj. 0/s = 0, corresponds to the value of AUC in compartment i. Since AUCi/xj,0 = Fji.AUC/xi,0 (Fji = fraction of the dose in j reaching i), one has Sji = FjiSii.AUCi corresponds to a rectangle of height equal to xj,0 and base equal to Sii. Therefore in a compartment i a drug acts on the average for a time equal to Sii and the number of molecules in it depends on the dose and on Fji. In compartments which are not sampled the value of AUC can be calculated by a simulated curve or by -K-1. From the height of the rectangle whose area is equal to AUC one should subtract the threshold theta for a given effect; the resulting rectangle should indicate the intrinsic efficacy of the drug. These considerations could be applied in pharmacology, toxicology, and chemotherapy. PMID- 3251033 TI - Competing pathways in drug metabolism. II. An identical, anterior enzymic distribution for 2- and 5-sulfoconjugation and a posterior localization for 5 glucuronidation of gentisamide in the rat liver. AB - Gentisamide (2,5-dihydroxybenzamide, GAM), a substrate that forms two monosulfates at the 2 and 5 positions (GAM-2S and GAM-5S) and a monoglucuronide at the 5 position (GAM-5G), was delivered at 8 or 80 microM by normal (N) and retrograde (R) flows to the once-through rat liver preparation. At the lower (8 microM) input concentration, ratios of conjugate formation rate, GAM-5S/GAM-5G and GAM-2S/GAM-5G, were decreased significantly (4.01 +/- 1.42 to 2.93 +/- 0.99, and 1.13 +/- 0.65 to 0.66 +/- 0.41, respectively) whereas a small but significant increase in the steady-state extraction ratio, E (0.89 +/- 0.029 to 0.94 +/- 0.016), was observed upon changing the flow direction from N to R. At the higher input GAM concentration (80 microM), conjugate formation rate ratios were relatively constant for GAM-5S/GAM-5G (1.18 +/- 0.08 to 1.11 +/- 0.12) and GAM 2S/GAM-5G (0.33 +/- 0.05 to 0.31 +/- 0.05) upon changing flow direction from N to R, despite a slight increase in E from 0.87 +/- 0.023 to 0.91 +/- 0.016 was observed. These results suggest that the sulfotransferase activities responsible for 2- and 5-sulfoconjugations are identically distributed and localized anterior to 5-glucuronidation activities during a normal flow of substrate into the rat liver (entering the portal vein and exiting the hepatic vein), and that the presence of uneven distribution of conjugation activities is discriminated only at the lower input drug concentration. At high concentration (greater than Km for all systems), saturation of all pathways occurs, and other anteriorly/identically distributed competing pathways would fail to perturb downstream intrahepatic drug concentrations and the resultant conjugation rates. The lack of change in metabolic profiles renders the condition unsuitable for examination of uneven distribution of enzymes in the liver. These observations were generally predicted by theoretical enzymic models of consistent distribution patterns. Because 2- and 5-sulfation were mediated by systems of similar Km but different Vmax values, two possibilities, the same isozyme of sulfotransferase being involved in the formation of two enzyme-substrate complexes to form two distinctly different products or two isozymes of sulfotransferases of identical distribution, were discussed. PMID- 3251036 TI - Commentary to "Linear and Nonlinear System Approaches in Pharmacokinetics. How much do they have to offer? I. General considerations". PMID- 3251035 TI - Commentary to "Linear and Nonlinear System Approaches in Pharmacokinetics. How much do they have to offer? I. General considerations". AB - The review by Veng-Pedersen will hopefully stimulate workers in the field to consider systems techniques more thoroughly. As these techniques are well developed in the engineering fields, students should be encouraged to take relevant courses. In this reviewer's opinion, understanding systems theory will allow pharmacokineticists to "cut through the fat" in the derivation of relationships between kinetic phenomena. However, it should be recognized that the system approaches described in Veng-Pedersen's review probably do not by themselves solve the major problems of response approximation and prediction. PMID- 3251037 TI - Commentary to "Linear and Nonlinear System Approaches in Pharmacokinetics. How much do they have to offer? II. The response mapping operator (RMO) approach". PMID- 3251038 TI - Response to commentaries to "Linear and Nonlinear System Approaches in Pharmacokinetics. How much do they have to offer"? PMID- 3251039 TI - Simultaneous recording of longitudinal displacements of both feet during human walking. AB - 1. Recordings of longitudinal displacements of both feet have been performed by linking each foot to a length-voltage transducer by means of threads. The movement transmitted to the transducer was reduced by winding the thread around a sixteen strand pulley block. 2. The aspect of the displacement curves allows a direct analysis of the walk. Some typical curves of normal and pathological gaits are presented. Graphic measurements done on several right and left cycles of a 6 m walk episode in 50 adult subjects provided data to determine the mean and the standard deviation of spatial and temporal parameters of the walk. 3. An advantage of this method is to permit the measurement of the parameters of several successive cycles of both sides and so to detect changes in the length, the duration and the velocity of successive cycles of the same foot and of alternated cycles of both feet. This being important to characterize pathological gaits. PMID- 3251040 TI - [Kidney retention of urea in sheep on a hypoprotein diet: study by retrograde perfusion of urea in the kidney pelvis]. AB - In order to study the role of the renal pelvis on urea sparing in sheep fed low protein diets, the pelvis was perfused through the ureter with 1M and 3M urea solutions. Eight ewes were used: four on a regular diet (total nitrogen 188.7 g.kg-1 dry matter) and the other four on a low protein diet (total nitrogen 109.4 g.kg-1 dry matter). On each animal, perfusions were performed on one kidney; the other one was kept as a control. Fractional excretion of urea (TEu) and urea (Cu), inulin, para-aminohippurate and osmolar clearances, were determined during five experimental periods of 30 min each (T = control, 1M = perfusion with 1M urea solution, R1 = first period of recovery, 3M = perfusion with 3M urea solution, R2 = second period of recovery). 1. During control periods sheep on low protein diet have a greater capacity of urea retention than sheep on regular diet, under antidiuretic conditions (inulin U/P = 200). The following data (means +/- S.D.) are all reduced in animals on low protein diet: TEu by 36% (0.38 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.59 +/- 0.28 for normal protein sheep, p less than 0.05), Cu by 55% (0.50 +/- 0.19 vs. 1.15 +/- 0.49 ml.min-1.kg-1 for normal sheep, p less than 0.01) and amount of urea excreted by 80% (2.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 10.4 +/- 2.7 mg.min-1 for normal sheep, p less than 0.01). 2. The linear regression analysis of the relationship between tubular reabsorption of urea and its filtered amount shows that the capacity of urea retention is significantly higher in low protein sheep and that the difference between the two groups is greater as the filtered amount increases. Following 1M and 3M perfusions, the capacity of urea reabsorption by the perfused kidneys is significantly decreased in low protein animals whereas there is no change in the normal ones. The result is that perfused kidneys of the low protein sheep increase the amount of urea excreted during these periods: urine concentration of urea (Uu) increases by 55% during R1 and by 144% during R2, TEu increases by 60% during R1 and by 147% during R2 and Cu increases by 40% during R1 and by 95% during R2, without any variation of urine flow rate. These changes could be understood, provided that an important transfer of the perfused urea to the renal medulla in the low protein sheep would reduce the concentration gradients which enhance urea passive reabsorption from the collecting ducts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3251042 TI - A quantitative assessment of the dependency of the visual temporal frame upon the cortical rhythm. AB - This paper reports an attempt to measure the dependency of the visual temporal frame on cortical rhythms. As a probe, we used two short flashes of a point light source separated in time by a variable interstimulus interval (ISI). Subjects were asked to judge whether the two short flashes were perceived as simultaneous or as sequential. The onset of the light flashes was triggered at four chosen phases of the occipital alpha rhythm of the viewing subject, and the probabilities of perceived simultaneity at various ISI's were obtained. Data from three experimental subjects show that the triggering phase produced a significant shift along the ISI-axis, thus changing the probability of perceived simultaneity. The magnitude of this shift varied substantially across subjects. These results show that, although cortical rhythms correlate with perceptual framing as previously reported (Varela et al., 1981), the nature of this dependency is different than previously suggested: a visual temporal frame seems to be a local event at the cortex, and not a global coordination uniformly reflected in the alpha rhythm. PMID- 3251041 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol effects on plasma calcitonin levels and calcitonin mRNA in normal or partially vitamin D-depleted rats. AB - The physiological effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on the regulation of calcitonin (CT) secretion was studied by measuring plasma CT levels and CT mRNAs extracted from thyroid glands of normal (D+) or partially vitamin D-depleted rats (D-). In both groups, acute 1,25-(OH)2D3 administration of 0.1 microgram/kg b.w. yielded an early drop in plasma calcium concentrations (around 0.6-1 mg/dl) with a maximum decrease 15 min after treatment. In spite of this hypocalcemia, a significant rise in plasma CT levels was observed within 5 min in D+ animals and within 30 min in D- animals after injection of the vitamin D metabolite. Nevertheless, the increased CT secretion was not associated with a marked and sustained rise in CT mRNA levels measured by dot-blot hybridization or CT mRNA activity evaluated by translation assay. By contrast to the observations made previously using supra physiological doses of the vitamin D metabolites, no clear-cut effect on CT mRNA levels was found with lower doses. If we hypothesized that 1,25-(OH)2D3 plays a physiological role in CT secretion, our results suggest that this rapid control could be exerted at a post-translational level may be via an increase in the cytoplasmic ionized calcium concentration of C-cells. PMID- 3251043 TI - Elimination kinetics of circulating antigens and immune complexes. III. Elimination of intravenously injected model antigens and soluble IgG immune complexes in mice. AB - The blood elimination kinetics of model antigens, i.e. dinitrophenyl-conjugated human serum albumin (DNP-HSA) preparations, and soluble immune complexes (IgG anti-DNP + DNP-HSA) were analysed by the aid of a multicompartment model, allowing estimation of tissue uptake and degradation of the immune complexes (ICs). The haematocrit values remained stable after intravenous injection of the ICs in mice. Despite this fact, the blood clearance kinetics were excellently described by three exponential functions. This indicates that the rapid initial elimination of the ICs from the blood was not the result of IC-induced capillary leakage, but rather of rapid initial binding of the complexes to different tissue structures. We also present results indicating that the elimination of circulating complexes/protein aggregates is governed less by their size than by other physical/chemical properties. PMID- 3251044 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma in Zimbabwe. II. Peripheral lymphocytes, immunoglobulin G levels and HIV antibody positivity. AB - Patients with Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) were grouped according to their clinical symptoms into "indolent", "locally aggressive", "endemic generalised aggressive" and "epidemic generalised aggressive" disease. Only the patients in the epidemic generalised aggressive disease group had serum antibodies to HIV. Complete peripheral blood counts, including lymphocyte subsets, and serum IgG assays were performed on all patients before treatment was initiated. In all the aggressive disease groups there was evidence of immune deficiency in that T helper/inducer (T4) cells were reduced leading to reduced T4,T8 (suppresser/cytotoxic) ratio. All patient groups had increased levels of serum IgG. Although immune deficiency and aggressive KS can be explained in the HIV infected patients no underlying cause has been found in the HIV negative patients with aggressive KS. PMID- 3251045 TI - Production of C3 nephritic factor by cultured lymphocytes derived from a patient with partial lipodystrophy. AB - C3 nephritic factor (C3 NeF) has been found mainly in the sera of patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and partial lipodystrophy (PLD). We examined whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a patient with PLD could produce C3 NeF. We investigated the in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis of PBMC with mitogen. We further studied the C3bBb stabilizing activity and undertook agglutination assays of the IgG obtained from the culture supernatants. The patient IgG was able to agglutinate only EAC4b3bBb cells and none of the other intermediate cells. We this demonstrated that C3 NeF could be produced in vitro by PBMC derived from a patient with PLD. PMID- 3251046 TI - Genetic and environmental influences on serum levels of immunoglobulins and complement components in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. AB - The influence of hereditary and environmental factors in the regulation of the serum levels of IgM, IgG and IgA and of the Complement components C3, C4 and factor B has been studied. For this purpose, sera from 9 monozygotic twin pairs, from 10 dizygotic twin pairs and from two control groups were analyzed. The first control group consisted of three healthy donors analyzed once a week for three weeks, as a genetic identity experimental control, while the second one was constituted by nine subjects randomly selected as a genetic heterogeneity control. The results indicate that the serum proteins with immunological functions can be subdivided into three groups. The first, represented by IgM and IgG, appears to be under strict genetic control; the second, represented by IgA and C3, appears to be influenced either by genetic or environmental factors; the third one, including C4 and factor B, is strongly influenced by environmental factors. PMID- 3251048 TI - Ultrastructural study of prolactinoma after bromocriptine therapy. PMID- 3251047 TI - Characterization of circulating immune complexes detected by monoclonal rheumatoid factor and conglutinin radioimmunoassays in SLE nephritis. AB - By utilizing a monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) and bovine conglutinin (K) in radioimmunoassays, ICs detected in sera of patients with lupus nephritis were partially characterized. The mRF-RIA detected high levels of ICs in 86.9% of patients with active SLE and in only 22.7% of patients with inactive disease. Positive association was observed with clinical scores and significant negative correlation was found with serum levels of C1q, C3 and C4. The mRF-reactive ICs were shown to be cryoprecipitable and analysis by gel filtration through Sephacryl S-300 disclosed a material eluting between IgM and IgG, being dissociated in acidic pH. On the other hand, no association could be demonstrated between levels of ICs detected by K-RIA and clinical activity. Positivity in this assay was only 8.7% and 31.8% for active and inactive groups. Differently from the ICs detected by mRF-RIA, the K-reactive material was not precipitated by 3.5% PEG, nor by centrifugation in the cold, and EDTA did not reduce the binding of IgG to K in positive sera. The reactive IgG in Sephacryl S-300 chromatography eluted in the same position as monomeric IgG both in neutral and dissociating conditions. No C3 could be detected in ICs reactive in both assays. PMID- 3251049 TI - Epidemiological surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus infection in southern Taiwan. PMID- 3251051 TI - [30th meeting of the Japan Society of Clinical Hematology. Okayama, 8-10 November 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251050 TI - [35th meeting of the Japanese Society of Anesthesiology. Kanazawa, 9-11 June 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251052 TI - [Hepato-biliary diseases--new diagnostic and therapeutic methods (1)]. PMID- 3251053 TI - [Cancer therapy manual (1)]. PMID- 3251055 TI - [35th meeting of the Japan Society of Clinical Pathology. Yamaguchi, 20-22 October 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251054 TI - [Hepato-biliary diseases--new diagnostic and therapeutic methods (2)]. PMID- 3251056 TI - [Polarization assay of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in Behcet's diseases]. PMID- 3251057 TI - [Epidemiological study of systemic scleroderma in Tokyo based on application forms for financial aid for patients with intractable diseases]. PMID- 3251058 TI - [Three cases of Sweet's syndrome-like eruption accompanied by myelodysplastic syndrome]. PMID- 3251060 TI - [87th annual meeting of the Japanese Dermatological Association. Kumamoto, 1-3 April 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251059 TI - [Increase in natural killer cells in the peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with alopecia areata]. PMID- 3251061 TI - [30th meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. Kagoshima, 20-22 October 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251062 TI - [Characteristics of participants in multiphasic health examination, II]. PMID- 3251063 TI - [Study on digestibility and energy availability of fats and oils in Japanese]. PMID- 3251064 TI - [A study of blood pressure aggregation among husband-wife pairs]. PMID- 3251065 TI - [Relationship of body fat distribution and serum lipid concentration in middle aged obesity women]. PMID- 3251067 TI - [Chronic effects of ethylene oxide on glutathione content and lipid peroxidation in rat liver]. PMID- 3251066 TI - [A simple method for measuring 24-hour urinary excretions of salt and potassium]. PMID- 3251068 TI - [Effect of obesity on blood pressure, serum lipid, liver function, blood sugar and uric acid]. PMID- 3251069 TI - [Dissolution of aluminum and silicon from tableware and cooking utensils]. PMID- 3251070 TI - [Estimate of mercury accumulation in the body using mustache]. PMID- 3251072 TI - [Characteristics of participants in multiphasic health examination, I]. PMID- 3251071 TI - [A study of the geographic epidemiology of liver cancer death and related factors]. PMID- 3251073 TI - [30th meeting of the Japan Geriatrics Society. Nagasaki, 30 September-1 October 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251074 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia BM. PMID- 3251075 TI - DNA analysis using long-term preserved fixed cytogenetic preparations. PMID- 3251077 TI - Genetic polymorphisms of orosomucoid ORM1 and ORM2 in Libyans: occurrence of ORM1*2.1 and three new ORM2 alleles. PMID- 3251076 TI - Linkage study of dominantly inherited olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and Holmes' ataxia. PMID- 3251078 TI - Susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris is controlled in part by two unlinked genes in a double recessive manner. PMID- 3251079 TI - Complement receptor 1 (CR1) on erythrocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3251080 TI - Distal 14q trisomy syndrome in two siblings: further delineation of its phenotype. PMID- 3251081 TI - Apert syndrome with partial polysyndactyly: a proposal on the classification of acrocephalosyndactyly. PMID- 3251082 TI - [Correction of pressure waveforms in a catheter manometer system by natural observation method]. PMID- 3251083 TI - [Measurement of body temperature using expiratory air temperature method]. PMID- 3251084 TI - [Estimation of the omitted-lead potentials with the temporal and spatial correlations]. PMID- 3251085 TI - [A single axis flexible electrogoniometer applying strain gauges]. PMID- 3251086 TI - [Effect of tissue temperature changes in canine brain T1S measured with a 0.1 Tesla magnetic resonance imager]. PMID- 3251087 TI - [Measurement of magnetic field impulses in canine phrenic nerves with an openable toroidal coil]. PMID- 3251089 TI - [30th meeting of the Japanese Society of Nephrology. Tokyo, 29-31 October 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251088 TI - Effects of nitrogen dioxide on Mycoplasma pulmonis infection and humoral immune responses in mice. AB - The effects of continuous exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the pathologic and immunologic responses of ddY mice to the infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis were investigated. The organisms grew well in the trachea as early as 7 days after infection but barely grew in the lung even after 28 days, causing slight pneumonic lesions in only a few of the infected mice exposed to 1 and 5 ppm NO2. When mice were exposed to 10 ppm NO2 at or after the infection, however, mycoplasmal growth in the lung, but not in the trachea, was greatly enhanced, and pneumonic lesions were evident in the lung of almost all the mice examined. The serum antibody titers to M. pulmonis increased with time after infection regardless of the concentration of NO2 exposed or the mycoplasmal number in the respiratory tract in the infected mice. The in vitro immune responses of the spleen cells of the infected mice were significantly depressed by exposure to 10 ppm NO2 in not only mitogenic response to LPS and ConA but also antibody production to SRBC, whereas uninfected healthy mice were apparently not modulated except for a slight decrease in Con A response. PMID- 3251091 TI - [28th meeting of the Japan Society of Chest Diseases. Sendai, 26-28 April 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251090 TI - [28th meeting of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. Tokyo, 16-18 November 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251092 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the 30th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research (II)]. PMID- 3251093 TI - [Study of Chlamydia trachomatis in non gonococcal urethritis. Detection of IgA antibody in sera by ELISA technique]. PMID- 3251094 TI - [Anti-tumor effect of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor on the human renal cell carcinoma serially transplanted into nude mice]. PMID- 3251095 TI - [Clinical study of stage A prostatic cancer: with special reference to the classification between stage A1 and A2 diseases]. PMID- 3251096 TI - [Chemosensitivity test against urogenital malignant tumors transplanted into nude mice by the subrenal capsule assay]. PMID- 3251097 TI - [Statistical and clinical observations of 826 stone patients]. PMID- 3251098 TI - [Study on metastable limit of calcium oxalate in whole urine using an aggregometer]. PMID- 3251099 TI - [Temperature influence on testicular function--effect of temperature on DNA synthesis by human testis in-vitro]. PMID- 3251100 TI - [Significance of transvascular embolization in radical nephrectomy]. PMID- 3251101 TI - [Bacterial and clinical studies of disinfectants for self-catheterization]. PMID- 3251102 TI - [Study of calcium oxalate crystalluria by infrared analysis]. PMID- 3251103 TI - [Evaluation of plasmapheresis in terminal stage patients with urogenital malignant tumors]. PMID- 3251104 TI - [Studies on stimulation of immunological responses resulting from intravesical BCG instillation in patients with bladder carcinomas]. PMID- 3251105 TI - [Transurethral microwave coagulation in patients with dysuria caused by prostatic cancer]. PMID- 3251106 TI - [Adrenal metastasis in renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 3251107 TI - [Transperineal polytetrafluoroethylene injection in post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence. A case report]. PMID- 3251108 TI - [76th annual meeting of the Japanese Urological Association. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251110 TI - [63d meeting of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis. Sapporo, 2-3 June 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251109 TI - [1st meeting of the Japanese Pediatric Urology Section. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251111 TI - Muscarinic M2 receptors on cardiac ganglion neurons of the guinea-pig heart. PMID- 3251112 TI - Birdshot retinochoroidopathy--a possible relationship to ocular sarcoidosis. PMID- 3251113 TI - Effects of etretinate on epidermal Langerhans cell. PMID- 3251114 TI - Sphenoid sinusitis associated with meningitis, visual disturbances and total ophthalmoplegia. PMID- 3251115 TI - Electrical properties and activities of single neurons in rat suprachiasmatic nuclei. PMID- 3251116 TI - Basal cell epithelioma involving a finger. PMID- 3251117 TI - [Modern aspects of osteoarticular tuberculosis]. PMID- 3251118 TI - [The effect of pinealectomy on the histologic picture of the thyroid gland in rats irradiated with a high dose of gamma rays]. PMID- 3251119 TI - [Changes in the quality of life in patients with colorectal carcinoma]. PMID- 3251120 TI - [Growth in obese children]. PMID- 3251121 TI - [Campylobacter species in the etiopathogenesis of diarrheal syndrome and the intestinal carrier state]. PMID- 3251122 TI - [Epilepsy as a late sequela of therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukosis--case report]. PMID- 3251123 TI - [Pheochromocytoma in neuropsychiatric practice]. PMID- 3251124 TI - [Complications in trichinosis]. PMID- 3251125 TI - [The role of somato-vegetative sensation in the development of depressive neuroses]. PMID- 3251126 TI - [The advantages, possibilities and limitations of computerized tomography of the lungs, pleura and thoracic wall]. PMID- 3251127 TI - [Cesarean section in prolonged and post-term pregnancy]. PMID- 3251128 TI - [Neonatal respiratory distress due to congenital lobar emphysema]. PMID- 3251129 TI - [A modern, functionally designed social institution for the care of severely and mildly mentally retarded persons]. PMID- 3251130 TI - [Attempted suicide during the age of development]. PMID- 3251131 TI - [The clinical spectrum of Weber-Christian disease]. PMID- 3251132 TI - [Birth rate and incidence of premature births in the community of Backa Palanka]. PMID- 3251133 TI - The changing character of the medical profession. PMID- 3251134 TI - Medical dominance in Britain: image and historical reality. AB - Both proponents and critics of the professional dominance explanation for changes in the social position of physicians base their arguments on the effects of social and economic events occurring over a few decades. Although this time period may be adequate for assessing changes in the position of physicians in the United States, judgments about the relative dominance of the British medical profession must be based on the history of its development over the entire century. Analysis of this history shows that, over the long term, state patronage and intervention have both extended and curtailed medical dominance in the British health care system. Medical dominance is not necessarily inversely related to state intervention; under certain circumstances a more rationalized and bureaucratic health care system may actually promote an expansion of medical hegemony. PMID- 3251135 TI - The professional status of physicians in the Nordic countries. AB - The social position of physicians in the Nordic countries reflects the dominant role of the public sector in the delivery of health care. Physicians in Finland, Norway, and Sweden have always been part of a larger corporate social system; unlike physicians in Denmark, they have never been organized independently. This corporatization of medicine, however, has not resulted in the loss of autonomy that some American sociologists would predict. Many physicians, especially in Norway and Finland, have assumed administrative positions within the system that give them control over the work of other physicians--the traditional power described as professional dominance. Yet, the labor market of physicians is segregated by function and sex: physicians working in the municipal health centers (mainly women) have much less autonomy than do physicians working in administration or research and exhibit more of the characteristics of proletarianization. PMID- 3251136 TI - Doctors, partitocrazia, and the Italian state. AB - Political and economic forces are determinants of the social position of the professions in any country, but in Italy the political parties exercise such extensive control that no profession can function independent of political party decision making. The medical profession thus developed in close connection with the state, reflecting in the split between generalists and specialists with its professional organization (ordini) differences between the political parties. The attempt of the state to rationalize the health system and control costs through the mechanism of the Italian national health service had the ironic effect of unifying the profession in opposition and thereby increasing its strength. The case of Italy shows the standard conceptual models of professional autonomy to be incomplete because they fail to account for the central role of political parties. PMID- 3251137 TI - Doctoring in Australia: a view at the bicentenary. AB - Changes in the social position of physicians in Australia can best be explained by a modified concept of professional dominance. Although the traditional dominance of physicians within Australia's mixed system of public and private health care providers has declined since the 1960s, there is insufficient evidence to support claims that the profession is becoming "deprofessionalized" or "proletarianized." Assessment of physicians' changing position in terms of their autonomy, authority, and medical sovereignty indicates that they have not lost their medical dominance; rather, it has become more subtle and indirect. Future changes in the medical profession are likely to resemble those occurring in the United States as the profession responds to external constraints. PMID- 3251138 TI - The position of the Soviet physician: the bureaucratic professional. AB - The social position of the Soviet physician is a paradoxical combination of corporate powerlessness and bureaucratic power. As employees of the state, physicians are subject to its discipline and directives; they lack the control over their own work that is essential to a profession. In contrast to Western physicians, however, individual clinicians exercise enormous power over patients and subordinates by virtue of their position in the bureaucracy. The Soviet case suggests that as medical care in the West becomes increasingly bureaucratized and the profession loses autonomy, individual physicians may gain rather than lose authority in clinical decision making. PMID- 3251139 TI - Theories at the crossroads: a discussion of evolving views on medicine as a profession. AB - The widespread perception that medicine is undergoing significant changes in its social position and professional status is of sociological importance not only for understanding medicine's own construction of reality, but also for assessing a general sociological theory of the profession. How a profession maintains its status is reflected in the ways a dominant paradigm (professional dominance) responds to challenges from alternative concepts (deprofessionalization, proletarianization). Cross-national case studies of the position of physicians tend to reaffirm the dominant status of Freidson's paradigm. But research based on empirically verifiable data is needed to clarify further debate about the dominance of the medical profession. PMID- 3251140 TI - A re-examination of the hypothesis of physician deprofessionalization. AB - If professions are characterized by their monopolization of esoteric knowledge, autonomy in work performance, and authority over clients, then "deprofessionalization" is measured by the degree to which these characteristics are diminished or lacking for the members of a profession. Physicians' monopoly of knowledge has been recently challenged by computer technology and the public's rising educational level; their authority has eroded as patients adopt a more questioning attitude toward medicine; and their autonomy has lessened with the growth of group practices, peer review and cost-containment measures. Current evidence is insufficient either to retain or reject the physician deprofessionalization hypothesis; more time is needed before the erosion of medicine's authority can be assessed. PMID- 3251141 TI - Professional dominance or proletarianization?: neither. AB - The medical profession has lost much of its power to control the production of knowledge, practice, and organization of medicine, but it was never the dominant force in shaping medicine. Instead, medicine has evolved in response to many different, and often conflicting, social, political, and economic forces, including professional forces. The profession's loss of autonomy over the material means of producing, and the systems for funding and organizing, medical services--the "corporatization" of medicine--should not, however, be identified as "proletarianization." The considerable influence that physicians retain and their level of skill keep them from fitting a strict Marxist definition of the proletariat. PMID- 3251142 TI - Reflections on modern doctoring. AB - Physicians today are concerned that changes in the organization of medical care may greatly reduce their control of the practice of medicine. Evidence of the effects of three of these changes--the rapid corporatization of practice, the increased use of medical technology, and the use of information technology in clinical decision making--suggests that doctors are losing much of the autonomy that previously characterized their profession. Physicians complain not only about regulatory constraints and loss of income, but also about how changes in the health care system have critically altered the doctor/patient relationship and lessened the interpersonal rewards of the profession. PMID- 3251143 TI - [Variability of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophages with C2-morphology]. AB - Biological as well as physicochemical properties of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophages "17" and "7/13" having C2-morphology and isolated from factory phagolysates were studied. The bacteriophages are identical in the lytic spectrum++, morphology, size, GC-content, have the same buoyant density. The physical map for restriction endonucleases EcoRI, HindIII, SalGI and MvaI has been constructed of the bacteriophages DNA. Heteroduplex analysis has revealed the nonhomologous region of the deletion-insertion type as a 0.8 Md loop. The bacteriophages "17" and "7/13" are concluded to be closely related but not identical. PMID- 3251145 TI - [Current advances and perspectives in pediatric neurology]. PMID- 3251144 TI - [The tasks and goals of pediatric neurology]. PMID- 3251146 TI - [T and B lymphocytes]. PMID- 3251147 TI - Lumbar dumbbell ganglioneuroblastoma: a light and electron microscopic study of neuronal degeneration. PMID- 3251148 TI - [Schizophrenia and basal skin resistance. The "zone of relative silence" in the psychogalvanic reflex]. PMID- 3251149 TI - [Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis as a metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the stomach]. PMID- 3251150 TI - Recent advances in neurological sciences and new goals of child neurology. PMID- 3251151 TI - [Evaluation of work capability in patients with neurologic diseases]. PMID- 3251152 TI - [Rational diagnosis in neurology--technological advances]. PMID- 3251153 TI - [Dementia]. PMID- 3251154 TI - [Early diagnosis of neurologic diseases]. PMID- 3251156 TI - Disturbances of cerebral blood flow in interictal phase of complicated migraine. PMID- 3251155 TI - Use of interferon in the treatment of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 3251157 TI - Somatosensory dysfunction in chronic neurogenic pain. PMID- 3251158 TI - [Semantics in neurology in the age of development]. PMID- 3251159 TI - [Possibilities of emergency treatment of acute polyradiculoneuropathy using plasma exchange]. PMID- 3251160 TI - Infusion of prepro-VIP derived peptides in man: effect on secretion of prolactin. AB - Infusion of the three human prepro-VIP derived peptides [vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM) and the newly discovered peptide histidine valine (PHV-42)] at a constant nominal rate of 5 pmol/kg/min in 6 healthy volunteers for 60 min resulted in plateau plasma levels of 56,475 and 1,052 pmol/l, respectively. Although these values were above those found in the circulation under physiological conditions, only VIP caused a significant rise of prolactin (PRL) during, and postinfusion. Circulating luteinizing hormone and cortisol concentrations remained unchanged. As peptide histidine isoleucine, the porcine equivalent of PHM, has been postulated to be a potent hypophyseal portal pituitary PRL-releasing factor in the rat, we suggest that in man, VIP is more active than either PHM or PHV-42, and is likely to be a better candidate. PMID- 3251161 TI - Neurohypophyseal aging: differential changes in oxytocin and vasopressin release, studied in Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - We had previously shown that the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal vasopressin secreting system is suppressed in aged rats. In the present study, using aged (26 months) male Fischer 344 (F344) rats, we showed that in contrast to vasopressin, oxytocin plasma concentration and hypothalamic content were unaltered in comparison with young (2-3 months) rats; however, based on data from our past and current studies, the neurohypophyseal concentrations of both hormones were found to be decreased in aged rats. We also compared the effect of aging on the oxytocin and vasopressin in secretory functions. Superfusion technique was employed to examine oxytocin and vasopressin release from isolated neural lobes of young (2-3 months) and old (26 months) male F344 and young (2-3 months), middle-aged (12 months) and old (30 months) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Aging affected basal release of oxytocin and vasopressin in a differential manner. Expressed per gland, basal release of oxytocin increased in aged rats of both strains; whereas vasopressin release decreased in SD, and did not change in F344, old rats. The vasopressin responses to electrical stimulation, 56 mM K+ and initial traumatic release were decreased in aged rats; whereas oxytocin responses were either unaltered or decreased much less. All age-related changes were more pronounced in SD than in F344 rats. Thus, while the aging process is associated with a significant impairment in the vasopressin secretory function, the oxytocin secretory function is much less affected by that process. Significant strain differences were observed in the effects of aging on oxytocin and vasopressin release. PMID- 3251162 TI - Effects of dopaminergic blockade on the sleep-associated changes of luteinizing hormone pulsatility in early follicular phase women. AB - To investigate the dopaminergic role in the sleep-associated changes of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatile pattern, 11 normal cycling women were studied in the early follicular phase (EF, days 3 and 4) of their cycles before and after the administration of metoclopramide (MCP), a dopamine receptor antagonist. Twenty-four-hour infusions of either saline (NaCl 150 mmol/1-50 ml/h) or metoclopramide (MCP, 30 micrograms/kg/h) were conducted in a random sequence. Pulsatile LH activities were assessed in blood samples obtained at 15-min intervals for 48 h. Sleep was electrophysiologically confirmed by EEG during night hours (23.00-07.00 h). Significant sleep-associated decreases in LH pulse frequency (p less than 0.05) and mean LH serum levels (p less than 0.001) with a concurrent increase in LH pulse amplitude (p less than 0.01) were observed during the saline control studies. MCP infusion failed to significantly modify the LH pulsatile activity during either the wake or sleep periods. In particular, it did not prevent the changes in LH pulsatility during sleep. This observation suggests that a dopaminergic mechanism does not critically contribute to the sleep-related changes in LH pulsatile activity in women during the early follicular phase. PMID- 3251164 TI - Effect of the opioid kappa-receptor agonist U50488H on the secretion of arginine vasopressin. Study on the mechanism of U50488H-induced diuresis. AB - The effect of U50488H, a potent opioid kappa-receptor agonist, was investigated on the urine volume and on the secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in response to dehydration or hyperosmolar or hypovolemic stimulation in conscious rats. This agonist markedly increased the urine volume in normally hydrated rats and suppressed plasma AVP in a dose-dependent manner in rats given hyperosmolar saline. This suppression of plasma AVP was completely reversed by concurrent injection of naloxone. U50488H also inhibited the release of AVP in dehydrated or hypovolemic rats. These findings indicate that the diuresis induced by U50488H is mainly caused by the suppression of plasma AVP. They also suggest that the kappa opioid receptor plays an important role in regulating the secretion of AVP. PMID- 3251163 TI - Neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate increases plasma corticosterone in the rat. AB - Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been shown to alter several neuroendocrine functions in neonatally treated rats. To evaluate for possible alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, we injected rats during the neonatal period with MSG or saline (controls). An increase in basal plasma corticosterone levels associated with a blunted circadian variation was observed. Ether exposure produced a significant elevation in plasma corticosterone concentration in both groups of animals. However, while the increase in controls was 181.3% for male and 193.9% for female rats, in the MSG-treated rats it was only 60.7 and 31.6%, respectively. The intraperitoneal administration of high dexamethasone doses blocked corticosterone secretion in both groups. However, whereas the lowest dose (0.10 microgram/kg) suppressed corticosterone secretion in control animals, it was ineffective in MSG-treated rats. The morphological study of adrenals revealed signs of a hyperfunctional state in MSG-treated rats. These data suggest that the central lesions produced by MSG treatment disrupt the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. PMID- 3251165 TI - Neuropathological findings in lesions of the optic nerve of different etiologies. AB - Cases of optic nerve lesions of various origins are described. These were seen in a systematic study of 59 autopsy cases with underlying neurological or neurosurgical diseases. The characteristic morphological signs of direct and indirect as well as primary and secondary lesions are discussed. Circulatory complications in cases with increased intracranial pressure are stressed. PMID- 3251166 TI - Traumatic lesions of the optic, oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves- computer tomographic findings. AB - Traumatic lesions of the oculomotor and optic nerves are usually associated with multiple injuries which pose difficulties for radiological examination. In 54 patients with functional disturbances of the optic, oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nerve following severe multiple injuries, the initial computer tomographic examination was unable to document conclusively direct nerve damage. Indirect signs of nerve damage in the form of orbital and midface fractures were often found in the presence of optic and oculomotor nerve impairments, but seldom in the case of abducens nerve deficits. The causes of trochlear pareses could not be established. Thus, CT can only provide indirect evidence of injuries to the optic and oculomotor nerves. The nerve damage itself can only be demonstrated in a target examination made after the patient's condition has stabilized. PMID- 3251167 TI - Choice of surgical approach in orbital space occupations--an interdisciplinary problem. AB - During the last two and a half years 60 patients with orbital space occupying neoplasms were treated surgically at the Department of Maxillo-facial Surgery of the University Clinic of Essen. With modern imaging techniques exact information on the location and extent of space occupation was available before the operation. Therefore the surgical approach could be optimized. Despite the various and sometimes inaccessible tumor locations, transcranial operation was only necessary in six patients. In the remaining 54 patients anterior orbitotomy allowed either a definitive tumor therapy or histological verification of the diagnosis. PMID- 3251168 TI - A new imaging method for intraoperative therapy control in skull-base surgery. AB - CAS-computer assisted surgery-is a new imaging method supporting skull base surgeons. Support is granted not only for preoperative planning of therapy but also for pathfinding during surgery itself and in the postoperative phase as therapy control. The CAS-system consists of high technology items such as -a digital image generation system (CT, MR) -a real-time image processing system -a 3 D position recognition system. Robotics are not incorporated in this system but a hand-guided manipulator houses the surgeon's instrument. Accuracy of the method has been experimentally determined to be within 1 mm. Follow up systems are under development to permit microsurgery support as well. PMID- 3251169 TI - Primary spinal medulloblastomas? AB - Two cases with spinal medulloblastoma are presented in which even modern neuroradiological methods (computed tomography - CT - and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging - NMR -) did not demonstrate intracranial lesions. These cases should be considered to be primary spinal medulloblastomas, even if until now the existence of real primary spinal medulloblastomas has been doubted. PMID- 3251170 TI - Clinical and ultrastructural observations of maturing human frontal cortex. Part I (Biopsy material of hydrocephalic infants). AB - Three of 30 human cerebral cortex biopsies from infants treated for hydrocephalus by shunt operation are described. The descriptions include an account of their case history, the clinical methods, and the operational procedures. The biopsy specimens were studied in semithin and ultrathin sections. Attention is drawn to normal synapse formation but also to neuronal degenerative changes due to hydrocephalus. PMID- 3251171 TI - Visual evoked potentials in tumors from orbita to occipital lobe in childhood. AB - 68 infants and children with proven tumours along the visual pathway visually evoked potentials with pattern reversal and flash were investigated. Subdivided in 5 locational groups (orbital, optic nerve, chiasmatic, retrochiasmatic and occipital lobe) best results were obtained by stimulation with pattern reversal using variable checksizes (91.2%) versus 61.8% by using flash evoked responses. Furthermore, using patterned stimuli not only latency shifts are best detected but also hints for visual function correlating to visual acuity could be given also in nonverbal or disabled children. For long term follow-up studies in known space-occupying lesions along the visual pathway, the use of pattern VEP is extraordinary because of its high sensitivity and complete harmlessness. Pattern VEP are even more sensitive than visual acuity testing in cooperative patients. The close interdisciplinary follow-up controls in these children between pediatric neurophysiologists and neurosurgeons are, therefore, strongly recommended. PMID- 3251172 TI - Exophthalmos and basilar impression. A contribution to differential diagnosis of endocrine orbitopathy. AB - We report on a male patient with exophthalmos of unclear etiology, basilar impression, syringohydromyelia and type II Arnold-Chiari malformation. Two diseases involving the orbital region were to be considered in differential diagnostic terms: endocrine orbitopathy and osseous orbit dysplasia. The typical physical appearance associated with basilar impression as well as suppurative keratitis in Lagophthalmos was striking. Tetraspasticity with pareses, bulbar symptoms, proximally pronounced muscular atrophy as well as a left hemihypesthesia was shown neurologically. Although the orbit CT was normal, sonography revealed thickened ocular muscles. There was euthyroidism in diffuse goiter with negative thyroid autoantibody findings. Because of lack of definitive detection of muscular swelling, tumor, or vascular anomaly in the various images, orbital dysplasia in the context of a malformation syndrome affecting several organs is suggested as the cause of the exophthalmos. PMID- 3251173 TI - CT-findings of carotid-cavernous fistula. A case report. AB - A case of traumatic CCF is used to emphasize the need for thin slice and bolus CT for early diagnosis. PMID- 3251174 TI - Prospects for radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy in oncology? PMID- 3251175 TI - Response of left and right ventricle rate indices to exercise in normal volunteers. AB - Changes in left ventricular (LV) performance between rest (Re) and exercise (Ex) in normal hearts has been analysed in great detail using various parameters (P) of radionuclide MUGA studies. Little attention was given in this regard to right ventricular (RV) performance. We developed a program on the Informatik Sims V Computer applying the first derivative technique to analyse the time activity curve of both R and LV to study the changes in the following (P) between Re and Ex. 1. Ejection fraction (EF) 2. Peak ejection rate (PER) 3. Time to peak ejection rate (TPER) 4. Normalized TPER to the ejection period (EP) 5. Peak filling rate (PFR) 6. Time to peak filling rate (TPFR) 7. Normalized TPFR to the filling period (FP) 8. The time from peak filling rate to peak ejection rate (TPFR-TPER). Nineteen volunteers performed gated blood pool studies at Re and Ex in the semi-supine bicycle position. The results show that there were significant differences (P less than 0.0001) between all the parameters of the right and left ventricles at rest in comparison with those during exercise except for the normalized TPER in both right and left ventricles. In this study not only do we confirm the changes in LV performance between Re and Ex in healthy volunteers that has been previously reported, but we also report for the first time the changes in RV (P) in the same group of volunteers. PMID- 3251176 TI - Bone scan in systemic amyloidosis. AB - Thirty patients diagnosed as having systemic amyloidosis (six with primary amyloidosis and 24 with secondary amyloidosis) were given bone scans with 99Tcm methylene diphosphonate in order to evaluate the skeletal and extra-osseous uptake and their clinical-scintigraphic correlation. Extra-osseous uptake appeared in nine instances, more frequently in primary (5/6) than in secondary (4/24) amyloidosis. Fourteen patients had clinical and echocardiographic suspicion of cardiac amyloidosis but only one showed cardiac uptake. Six patients had probable hepatic involvement but in only two cases was hepatic uptake seen. The extra-osseous uptake suggests the presence of amyloid deposits in the organs and soft tissues which take up the bone tracer. The absence of any uptake does not rule out amyloid infiltration. PMID- 3251177 TI - Direct autoradiographic comparison of 99Tcm-HMPAO with 125I-IMP in experimental brain ischaemia. AB - Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) images of HMPAO and IMP were directly compared in experimental brain ischaemia in the same rats using a double-tracer autoradiographic technique. Both images were identical in distribution throughout the whole flow areas. However, LCBF values were much lower in HMPAO than in IMP. The results suggest that HMPAO acts as a chemical microembolus in rat brain in both low and high flow areas; however, a quantitative flow measurement is difficult in an HMPAO study. PMID- 3251178 TI - Iodine-131 and indium-111 labelled avidin and streptavidin for pre-targetted immunoscintigraphy with biotinylated anti-tumour monoclonal antibody. AB - Studies have been carried out in mice to examine by gamma camera imaging and dissection analysis the biodistribution of 131I- and 111In-labelled avidin and streptavidin. This has included mice with human tumour xenografts pre-targetted with biotinylated anti-tumour monoclonal antibody. Both iodine-labelled avidin and streptavidin were cleared rapidly from the circulation particularly to kidneys, which showed prolonged retention of the tracer. Similar distribution was seen with 111In-labelled preparations, although here tracer also accumulated in the liver. Radiolabelled preparations could form complexes in vitro with a biotinylated monoclonal antibody. This biotinylated antibody, following radioiodine labelling, localized in xenografts of a human osteosarcoma. When xenografted mice were injected with biotinylated antibody followed by 111In labelled avidin, levels of tracer per gram of tumour tissue were four times higher than those in non-pretreated mice. However, there was still marked liver and kidney uptake of tracer and, since this dominated the images, tumours were not visualized by scintigraphy. PMID- 3251179 TI - [Teamwork with dental assistant to prevent office incidents]. PMID- 3251180 TI - [Experimental model of malignant neoplasm of the eye]. PMID- 3251181 TI - [Effect of thyroxine and estradiol on the ultrastructural image of the liver]. PMID- 3251182 TI - [The role of sex and organogenetically active factors in the pathogenesis of hyaline membrane disease in newborn infants]. PMID- 3251183 TI - [A case of yolk sac tumor of the eye]. PMID- 3251184 TI - [Relation of the clinical course of malignant melanoma of the skin and its population features, site, staging and histopathologic characteristics]. PMID- 3251185 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of the epithelium in benign dysplasia of the breast]. PMID- 3251186 TI - [On the computed tomographic diagnosis of pulmonary nodules]. PMID- 3251187 TI - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of lumbar disk herniation with eroded bony cortex]. PMID- 3251188 TI - [The survival of cancer patients after radiotherapy of bone metastasis]. PMID- 3251189 TI - [Estimation of frequency, population doses and stochastic risks in medical uses of radiopharmaceuticals in Japan, 1982. 2. Determination of organ or tissue doses and effective dose equivalents]. PMID- 3251190 TI - [Estimation of frequency, population doses and stochastic risks in medical uses of radiopharmaceuticals in Japan, 1982. 3. Population doses and risk estimates]. PMID- 3251191 TI - [Effect of radiation on the expression of tumor-associated antigens of human lung adenocarcinoma cells--an immunologic study using monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3251192 TI - [Conventional cerebral angiography by a transbrachial approach using a 4F catheter]. PMID- 3251193 TI - [Triple-lumen balloon catheter for superselective hepatic arteriography and interventional procedures]. PMID- 3251194 TI - [A clinical investigation of RF inductive hyperthermia with an inductive aperture type applicator]. PMID- 3251195 TI - Effect of radiation on the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen on the membranes of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells--immunological study using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3251197 TI - [Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the effect of tobacco smoke on the C 3 component of complement and on other serum proteins]. PMID- 3251196 TI - [Serum levels of specific and nonspecific IgE in blood donors]. PMID- 3251199 TI - [Severe form of chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome]. PMID- 3251198 TI - [Results of the treatment of acute ischemia of the legs with small intra-arterial doses of streptokinase]. PMID- 3251200 TI - [Campylobacter pylori infection--a new concept of the etiology of stomach diseases]. PMID- 3251201 TI - [Presence of Campylobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa of healthy persons and in patients with peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia]. PMID- 3251202 TI - [The role of microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter in the etiology of infantile diarrhea in Olsztyn]. PMID- 3251203 TI - [Serum gastrin level is an individual feature]. PMID- 3251204 TI - [Gardner-Diamond syndrome--a psychosomatic disease?]. PMID- 3251205 TI - [Vasodilator agents in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3251206 TI - [Usefulness of the analysis of left-ventricular systolic time intervals during transesophageal left-atrial pacing in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3251208 TI - [Effect of verapamil on electrophysiologic characteristics of the accessory pathway in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 3251207 TI - [Is analysis of creatine kinase and MB isoenzyme activities necessary in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction?]. PMID- 3251209 TI - [Value of recording of late ventricular potentials and spectrum analysis of the ECG signal in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3251210 TI - Significance of basal ganglia calcification on computed tomography in children. AB - We reviewed 6,428 head computed tomography (CT) scans performed on 4,283 children at our institution over a 3-year period and found basal ganglia calcification (BGC) in 48 (1.1%) of the patients. Their mean age at the time of detection was 5.3 years (range: 0.5-20 years); 16 (33%) patients had cancer, 14 (29%) had tuberous sclerosis or congenital infection and 18 (38%) had other medical conditions. All patients with cancer had been treated with radiation therapy, receiving a mean dose of 4,583 cGy (range: 1,800-5,500 cGy) to the diencephalon, and calcifications first became apparent at a median of 10 months after treatment. Other medical conditions included neonatal asphyxia (3), metabolic disease (3) (Kearns Sayre, MELAS, Krabbe's), congenital anomalies (3), meningitis (2), Fahr's disease (1) and others (6). Neurologic symptoms were common in children of all groups, but could not be correlated to BGC changes. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism was evaluated in 19 patients and was abnormal in 1. We conclude that BGC on CT in childhood occur primarily as an aftermath of the cancer treatment or in children with generalized neurologic dysfunction. Many children with BGC are delayed in their development, but calcifications are not directly related to specific forms of neurologic dysfunction. Rather, ther appear to serve as markers for more extensive brain damage. PMID- 3251211 TI - Parietal cephaloceles: radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. AB - Three patients with parietal cephaloceles underwent evaluation and treatment at Duke University Medical Center between 1984 and 1987. All presented within the first 2 years of life with painful swelling near the vertex of the head. All patients had skull films and computed tomography, and two underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All 3 children had associated hindbrain deformities; two with Dandy-Walker malformation, the third with a Chiari II malformation. Each child eventually developed hydrocephalus. MRI is the procedure of choice to evaluate these patients, providing direct sagittal imaging of the posterior fossa and craniocervical junction, and displaying communication of the cephalocele with intracranial structures as well as associated venous vascular anomalies. PMID- 3251212 TI - Resistance of the foramen of Monro. AB - A greyhound dog model was used to study the importance of the foramen of Monro as a resistance element to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Normal dogs had no pressure differential discernible despite the infusion of artificial CSF into one lateral ventricle. When CSF was withdrawn from one lateral ventricle, however, 7 of 10 dogs showed intraventricular pressure differentials at a steady state of 3.28-5.37 mm Hg. All normal dogs undergoing rapid bolus withdrawal of CSF from the ventricles developed pressure differentials. When these experiments were performed on hydrocephalic dogs, no pressure differential could be recorded. The foramen of Monro acts as a valve mechanisms that usually closes in response to CSF withdrawals. PMID- 3251213 TI - Diastematomyelia--a 40-year experience. AB - Diastematomyelia is a rare but potentially devastating spinal dysraphism classically characterized as a bony or fibrous spur separating two hemispinal cords. This study reviews our experience with diastematomyelia over a 40-year period from 1947 through 1987, and suggests that the neurologic and orthopedic deficits of diastematomyelia remain stable during extended follow-up after surgery. PMID- 3251214 TI - Neurogenic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: clinical and muscle biopsy findings. AB - Thirteen cases of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita without evidence of spinal muscular atrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy, or structural myopathy were reviewed. Family history, consanguinity, pregnancy, delivery, number and severity of contractures, and outcome were evaluated. Laboratory investigations had been performed and a biopsy of muscle from an affected limb had been examined histochemically and by electron microscopy. Five biopsies showed fiber type 1 predominance and three had type 2 predominance. Patterns of fiber-type predominance may have resulted from altered neural influence leading to impaired maturation of type 1 or 2 motor units. Nine patients had been followed up for 3-8 years. Two were still not walking at age 8 years. For the 6 who were walking, the mean age at ambulation was 4.7 years. There was no deterioration in power. Muscle biopsy is recommended in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Identification of a probable neurogenic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is important because the condition is not progressive and is apparently not transmitted genetically. PMID- 3251215 TI - Further evidence for the effect of passive smoking on neonates. AB - From 518 couples with a 1 month old baby, information was obtained on the couple's smoking habit, social class, age of mother, parity, alcohol consumption during pregnancy and respiratory symptoms of the baby. Allowing for these factors, a multivariate analysis revealed that, even allowing for mother's smoking habit, babies whose father smoked were lighter at birth by an average of 113 g (95% CI 8-216 g) and this effect was unchanged at 1 month (112 g, 95% CI 0 224 g). Babies whose mothers smoked were twice as likely to have a cough (Relative Risk = 2.0, 95% CI 1.05-3.68), than those whose mothers did not, but we failed to find a significant association with the father's smoking habit. PMID- 3251217 TI - Anorectal melanoma. AB - Four cases of anorectal melanoma are presented. The authors believe that this is the first report of the occurrence of this tumour in Malays. Advanced disease at initial presentation accounts for the poor prognosis observed in this series. Surgery remains the principal treatment modality, although controversy exists regarding optimal extent of resection. PMID- 3251216 TI - Comparative evaluation of investigations for colorectal carcinoma in symptomatic patients. AB - We studied 154 patients presenting with significant colonic symptoms and subsequently diagnosed to have colorectal carcinoma. They were investigated by faecal occult blood tests, fibresigmoidoscopy, double contrast barium enema (DCBE) and colonoscopy. Faecal occult blood tests (Haemoccult) alone were positive in 26% of patients with Dukes' A, in 69% with Dukes' B and in 64% with Dukes' C lesions. DCBE alone identified the lesion in 32% of Dukes' A, 79% of Dukes' B and 81% of Dukes' C carcinomas. Fibresignoidoscopy diagnosed colorectal malignancy in 84% of patients with Dukes' A, 90% with Dukes' B and 81% with Dukes' C stage. A diagnostic yield of 88% for Dukes' A, 96% for Dukes' B and 100% for Dukes' C carcinomas was seen with colonoscopy. Detection rate for all stages of carcinoma was greater than 95% when fibresigmoidoscopy and DCBE were used together. Faecal occult blood tests and DCBE alone are inadequate in diagnosing early malignancy in symptomatic patients. Fibresigmoidoscopy and DCBE used in conjunction compare favourably with the technically difficult procedure of colonoscopy and should routinely be undertaken in these patients before malignancy can confidently be excluded. PMID- 3251218 TI - Diagnosis easily missed--upper urothelial tumour. AB - Four patients with transitional cell tumour of the renal pelvis and ureter who had atypical presentations are described. The associated presenting problem delayed an earlier diagnosis in two patients and facilitated it in the other two. PMID- 3251219 TI - Attitudes to a hospital based terminal care scheme. AB - Two years after the establishment of a terminal care support team, the team perceived that a number of patients were not being referred to them, and many of those seen were referred at a very late stage in their illness. We sent a questionnaire to all clinicians and ward sisters in the district to elicit their knowledge of the team and attitudes to their role. Although most respondents had cared for terminal patients in the previous 6 months, over a quarter were not aware of the existence of the team. The lack of awareness was most common among junior medical staff, many of whom were spending relatively short times in the district. The study indicated a requirement for good communication between terminal care teams and other professionals and a need to inform junior staff about available facilities. A requirement for training in terminal care was also identified. PMID- 3251220 TI - Delayed sudden death after ingestion of MCPP and ioxynil: an unusual presentation of hormonal weedkiller intoxication. AB - A patient who died in asystole less than 18 h after ingestion of 'Clovercide Extra', a combination hormonal weedkiller containing ioxynil and 4-chloro-2 methyl phenoxypropionic acid, is described. Previous reports describe coma as an early event following ingestion of these herbicides. In contrast our patient, although showing other characteristic features, including metabolic acidosis, tachycardia, pupillary constriction and pyrexia, remained conscious until the terminal event. Absence of coma does not appear to be related to a more favourable outcome. PMID- 3251221 TI - The efficiency and effectiveness of geriatric day hospitals. AB - One hundred patients who were referred consecutively to two geriatric day hospitals were followed for 3 months, to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of day hospital management. Transport was highly efficient; only one in every 40 attendances failed because of transport. Selection of patients may have been less efficient, in that only half completed planned treatment. In most cases this was because of progression of the illness. Time at the day hospital was on the whole efficiently used, in that three-quarters of the time was devoted to programmed activities. The effectiveness of the day hospital was limited. In only about one-third of referred patients were the objectives set by the doctor attained. Likewise only one-third of patients felt that they had improved, and one-third of carers experienced relief of strain. PMID- 3251223 TI - Sequential growth hormone deficiency and acromegaly. AB - This is the case of a patient with a pituitary tumour presenting initially with growth hormone deficiency and requiring treatment with human growth hormone. Eight years later he represented with acromegaly. This sequence of events has not to my knowledge been reported previously. PMID- 3251224 TI - Still's disease and myocarditis associated with recent mumps infection. AB - We describe a 16 year old patient who developed Still's disease with evidence of myocarditis. A rise in the mumps 'V' antigen indicated that the disease was associated with recent mumps infection. PMID- 3251222 TI - Sudden death from perforation of a benign oesophageal ulcer into a major blood vessel. AB - Two cases of sudden death due to perforation of a benign oesophageal ulcer into a major blood vessel are reported. In one man, anaemia and aspiration pneumonitis dominated the clinical picture. He had an oesophageal stricture and a chronic peptic ulcer associated with an incarcerated hiatus hernia. Death was due to haemorrhage caused by perforation of the ulcer into the thoracic aorta. The second patient presented with confusion and falls, backache and indigestion. She had a hiatus hernia and a large benign chronic oesophageal ulcer. Death was due to perforation of the ulcer into the left pulmonary vein. The cases are presented for their rarity, to illustrate the complex and late presentation of problems in geriatric medicine, and as a reminder that reflux oesophagitis can be dangerous. PMID- 3251225 TI - Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in a haemophiliac associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection, responding to high dose intravenous immunoglobulin. AB - We describe what we believe to be the first case of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) occurring in a haemophiliac infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the first patient to show a clinical response to treatment with high dose i.v. immunoglobulin. A 55 year old, severe haemophiliac, known to be positive for HIV antibody, presented with a short history of motor weakness and variable sensory loss in both lower limbs. Clinical examination, electrophysiology and sural nerve biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of CIDP. He was treated with a 4-day course of high dose i.v. immunoglobulin, given as a daily infusion. This resulted in dramatic improvement in his neurological status which was evident both clinically and functionally. We conclude that CIDP can occur in HIV-positive haemophiliacs as it does in homosexuals and drug abusers infected with the virus. We also suggest that high dose i.v. immunoglobulin may be effective in the treatment of this condition, especially when practical difficulties preclude the use of plasmapheresis and the use of immunosuppressive drugs is considered hazardous. PMID- 3251226 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila septicaemia and muscle abscesses associated with immunosuppression. AB - We report a case of septicaemia and muscle abscesses due to Aeromonas hydrophila. The patient was immunosuppressed due to Hodgkin's disease and treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. The abscesses resolved after prolonged antibiotic therapy. Organisms that were once considered rarely pathogenic are emerging as increasingly important in causing potentially lethal infections in immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 3251227 TI - Spinal cord compression due to carcinoid metastasis. AB - A case of cord compression secondary to the carcinoid syndrome is reported. The patient made an excellent response to surgical treatment, emphasizing that active management of this unusual complication should be considered. PMID- 3251228 TI - Cervical Crohn's disease with oesophago-pulmonary fistula. AB - We report what we believe to be the first case of Crohn's disease involving the cervical oesophagus with an oesophago-pulmonary fistula to the apex of the lung. The proximal location of the disease prevented radical therapy and the patient eventually died from chronic sepsis. PMID- 3251229 TI - Left ventriculo-colic fistula--a late complication of colonic interposition for the oesophagus. AB - An 18 year old man developed recurrent haematemesis 12 years after colonic interposition for corrosive injury to the oesophagus. A colonic ulcer close to the cologastric anastomosis appeared to have fistulated into the cavity of the left ventricle. This so far unreported complication needs to be considered when patients who have had coloesophageal substitution present with gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3251230 TI - Reversible acute renal failure due to Churg-Strauss syndrome. AB - Renal disease in Churg-Strauss syndrome is generally thought to be benign in nature, thereby distinguishing this rare condition from other necrotizing vasculitides. We report a case in which acute renal failure developed during the aggressive vasculitic phase of the illness requiring dialysis therapy. After one week of daily haemodialysis treatment the patient had become encephalopathic associated with marked peripheral eosinophilia. Treatment with prednisolone resulted in a marked improvement in both clinical condition and renal function. PMID- 3251231 TI - Jejunal carcinoma associated with non-absorbable suture material. AB - A case of adenocarcinoma of the jejunum arising at the site of non-absorbable surgical material is reported. This appears to be a unique observation. PMID- 3251233 TI - Diabetes insipidus secondary to hydrocephalus. PMID- 3251232 TI - Spontaneous expulsion per rectum of an ileal lipoma. AB - We report a case of spontaneous expulsion of a lipoma in a 32 year old male patient who presented with recurrent attacks of subacute intestinal obstruction. During one such episode the patient developed unusually severe abdominal pain and expelled a fleshy mass per rectum which, on histopathology, was found to be a lipoma attached to a necrosed portion of the small intestine. The pain disappeared immediately; a subsequent barium meal examination revealed normal appearances and the patient has remained completely symptom free 10 months after the incident. PMID- 3251234 TI - Neuropsychiatric symptoms following bismuth intoxication. PMID- 3251235 TI - Atypical antipsychotic drugs block selective components of amphetamine-induced stereotypy. AB - Individual items of behavior produced by 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine were monitored in rats pretreated 15 minutes earlier with vehicle or with behaviorally relevant doses of haloperidol (0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg), clozapine (1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg), or thioridazine (1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg). Unlike haloperidol, the atypical antipsychotics failed to block all components of either the low- or high-dose response to amphetamine. These drugs, however, did block selective items of amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior. Clozapine significantly attenuated the sniffing produced by 1.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine as well as the oral behavior (licking and/or biting) produced by 5.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine. Thioridazine, at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg, also reduced oral behavior and selectively blocked repetitive head bobbing. Taken together, these results suggest that although atypical antipsychotic drugs exert some common effects on the amphetamine behavioral response, these drugs do not influence all amphetamine-induced behaviors equally. PMID- 3251236 TI - Specific effects of punishment on amino acids turnover in discrete rat brain regions. AB - Specific effects of punishment on the turnover rates of aspartate (Asp), glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in 14 brain regions were investigated in rats exposed to punishment. Two yoked controls were also used in an attempt to separate the nonspecific effects of response rate, reinforcement density and direct effects of punisher (foot shock). Punished and unpunished littermate rats had similar response rates, and the reinforcement density was almost identical for both groups. A third group (yoked-shock rats) received food and shock independent of responding whenever these were given to the punished rats. When compared to the unpunished rats, the punishment increased the turnover rates of the three amino acids in all brain regions examined except GABA turnover in the caudate-putamen and preoptic-diagonal band. The majority of these changes by the punishment were similar to the effects of the yoked-shock (yoked-shock versus unpunished), although the magnitude of increase by the punishment was mostly larger than that by the yoked-shock. Six changes by the punishment (increase in the turnover rates of Asp in the thalamus, Glu in the hypothalamus and GABA in the cingulate cortex, entorhinal-subicular cortex, dentate gyrus and hypothalamus) appeared to be the specific effects of punishment since the yoked shock did not affect these parameters. These results suggest that the punishment caused a hyperexcitation of the amino acidergic neurons in the limbic systems, particularly those in Papez's circuit. PMID- 3251237 TI - Prolactin and growth hormone stimulate food intake in ring doves. AB - Ingestive behavior and body weight were measured in male and female ring doves given twice daily subcutaneous injections of ovine prolactin (7 mg/kg/day) or vehicle and in male doves given daily intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of ovine prolactin at doses ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 micrograms/day. Changes induced by ICV administration of turkey prolactin, turkey growth hormone, ovine growth hormone, human growth hormone, and vehicle were also examined. Subcutaneous injections of ovine prolactin markedly increased food intake and body weight in both sexes. Similar effects occurred in dose-related fashion in male doves given ICV injections of ovine prolactin. The three growth hormone preparations also increased feeding and body weight significantly, but turkey prolactin was ineffective in this regard. Changes in drinking generally paralleled feeding patterns but were less pronounced and may have been secondary to feeding changes. We conclude that feeding in this species is strongly stimulated by some prolactin and growth hormone preparations. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be clarified. PMID- 3251238 TI - The anxiolytic action of benzodiazepines is not present in handling-habituated rats. AB - The acquisition of two-way shuttle avoidance (40 first trials) was used to test the anxiolytic activity of diazepam (2 and 4 mg/kg) and alprazolam (1.25 mg/kg) vs. vehicle, IP, in rats. These rats had received three different previous treatments: acute, acute with previous handling habituation for 15 days, and handling habituation combined with chronic treatment for 15 days. Results of the acute treatment showed a comparable anxiolytic action of diazepam and alprazolam, reflected by an improvement in avoidance acquisition. After handling habituation, no effect on shuttle box acquisition was obtained in rats acutely treated with diazepam, whereas the alprazolam-treated group showed a significantly impaired avoidance performance. When handling habituation was combined with chronic benzodiazepine treatment, the drugs' anxiolytic action persisted although there was a complete disappearance of their sedative effects. These behavioral results are discussed in relation to the emotional changes induced by the procedures of handling. They are tentatively linked with possible changes in the functionality of GABA neurotransmission, possibly at the level of the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor which some studies have found associated to handling habituation. PMID- 3251239 TI - Cholinergic antagonists in ventral tegmentum elevate thresholds for lateral hypothalamic and brainstem self-stimulation. AB - Frequency thresholds for lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation are elevated following microinjections of atropine into ventral tegmentum (73). Many self stimulation sites in brainstem are situated near cholinergic cell groups and axons, and ventral tegmentum receives cholinergic afferents terminals. To test the hypothesis that ventral tegmental muscarinic receptors are involved in lateral hypothalamic and brainstem self-stimulation, stimulating electrodes were placed in lateral hypothalamus and dorsal tegmentum near the midbrain-pons border, and cannulae were implanted in ventral tegmentum. Microgram injections of muscarinic antagonists, atropine or scopolamine, or a choline uptake blocker, hemicholinium-3, elevated frequency thresholds for both self-stimulation sites in a dose-dependent and time-dependent fashion. In addition, summation and collision between the two self-stimulation sites was tested using paired-pulse methods (53). Summation ranged from 31 to 87% (i.e., 24 to 47% reductions in frequency threshold were observed at long intrapair intervals), but no collision-like effects were observed at short intrapair intervals. The ventral tegmentum is a likely site for the convergence of dorsal tegmental and lateral hypothalamic self stimulation pathways. PMID- 3251240 TI - Tolerance and sensitization to the heart-rate effects of morphine. AB - The effect of daily exposure to one of several doses of morphine (0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg IV) on heart rate was assessed in restrained (R) and unrestrained (U) rats. Initially, morphine produced a biphasic heart-rate response; bradycardia followed by tachycardia. Tolerance to the bradycardic effect was established in the 4 and 8 mg/kg U groups and in the 2 and 4 mg/kg U groups. Sensitization developed to the tachycardic effect in the 2 and 4 mg/kg U groups but not in the 8 mg/kg U group or any of the R groups. After several exposures to morphine, mean preinfusion heart rate increased in the 4 and 8 mg/kg dose groups but not in the 0 and 2 mg/kg dose groups. These results are generally consistent with the other data suggesting that tolerance develops only to the depressant effects of morphine, and either no change or sensitization develops to its stimulant effects. The development of higher preinfusion heart rates in the higher dose groups may represent a learned anticipatory response. PMID- 3251242 TI - Food intake in baboons: effects of d-amphetamine and fenfluramine. AB - Food intake of four adult male baboons (Papio c. anubis) was monitored during daily experimental sessions lasting 22 hours. Food was available under a two component operant schedule. Following completion of the first "procurement component" response requirement, access to food, i.e., a meal, became available under the second "consumption component" during which each response produced a one-g food pellet. After a 10-minute interval in which no response occurred, the consumption component was terminated. The effects of oral d-amphetamine (AMPH: 0.03-1.0 mg/kg) and fenfluramine (FEN: 0.25-2.0 mg/kg) were determined by having the baboons drink a dose on Tuesdays and Fridays 45 to 60 min before the daily session. Dose-dependent decreases in food intake were observed with AMPH being four times as potent as FEN. Although both drugs were equally efficacious in decreasing food intake, they had dissimilar effects on the topography of feeding behavior. AMPH decreased food intake by increasing the latency to the first meal, decreasing the size of the first meal, and decreasing the number of meals within a session. FEN, in contrast, had no significant effect on latency to the first meal or size of the first meal, but decreased the number of meals within a session. In addition, the drugs had different effects on the patterning of responding within the first meal. Finally, at the doses tested, there was no evidence of nonspecific motor deficits disrupting food intake. Although there are some differences between these results and the previously reported effects of these drugs, it is clear that AMPH and FEN influence feeding behavior in different ways. PMID- 3251241 TI - Aversive conditioning properties of caffeine in rats. AB - Four experiments tested the conditioning effects of caffeine. Flavor and place cues were paired with IP caffeine injections and followed by tests for cue preference. In Experiment 1A, saccharin was paired with 1.25, 5 or 20 mg/kg of caffeine. In Experiment 1B, caffeine was delivered 30 min before, 5 min before, or 30 min after saccharin. Dose- and time-dependent conditioned taste aversions were produced. In Experiment 2, a place and taste cue were paired simultaneously with 5 or 20 mg/kg of caffeine. Conditioned place and taste aversions developed at 20, but not at 5 mg/kg. In Experiment 3, a place cue alone was paired with 0, 5, or 20 mg/kg of caffeine; dose-dependent conditioned place aversions developed. In Experiment 4, place and taste cues were paired with control treatments: pH buffered caffeine, purine or vehicle. Caffeine produced taste aversions whereas the purine and vehicle did not. These aversive conditioning effects of caffeine across a variety of situations, doses and temporal arrangements stand in contrast to results obtained with other psychoactive drugs, such as amphetamine and alcohol. PMID- 3251243 TI - Dopamine mediated behavior and GABA influence. AB - The possibility of interactions between GABA and dopaminergic central nervous mechanisms in the expression of spontaneous behavior was investigated using the behavior pattern shown by male rats in an exploratory test situation. The present study corroborates the facilitatory action of low doses of the dopamine agonist apomorphine on the investigative activity element of the male rats exploratory behavior pattern, as shown previously. In addition it was found that the GABA agonist baclofen in different doses (1.2-4.8 mg/kg IP) selectively increased this activity. Pretreatment with a submaximal dose of baclofen (1.2 mg/kg) potentiated the effect of apomorphine (25 micrograms/kg), indicating that baclofen has the same effect on behavior as presynaptically active dopamine agonists. Thus GABA mechanisms might influence dopamine mediated behavior. The investigative activity which previously has been considered to reflect the adaptive state of an animal is suggested to be influenced by a changed activity in GABA neurons, DA neurons or an interaction between these two systems in the various brain structures involved in the expression of this behavior. PMID- 3251244 TI - Conditioning of rotational behavior after the administration of a single dose of apomorphine in rats with unilateral denervation of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway: relevance to drug addiction. AB - Our aim is to study the relationship of drug activation of the dopamine neurotransmission system and the conditioning of environmental stimuli present at the time of drug administration. We injected a single dose of apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg SC) in rats with the nigrostriatal dopamine pathways unilaterally denervated with 6-hydroxydopamine, which generates rotational behavior contralateral to the lesioned hemisphere. We observed rotational behavior without apomorphine administration when animals were reexposed at different time intervals to the same environment in which they performed turning behavior. The present findings show that this rotational behavior can be conditioned to environmental stimuli in a strong and long-lasting way. In light of the relationship between opioids and the dopaminergic system, similar conditioning could take place in the learning processes implicated in drug addiction. PMID- 3251245 TI - Nicotine interactions with ethanol tolerance. AB - Nicotine (N) administration (0.05 mg/kg SC) was paired with ethanol (E, 2.5 g/kg, 15% v/v, IP) to determine if N alters either the acquisition of extinction of tolerance to the hypothermic and sedative effects of E. During tolerance acquisition the following groups were tested: E + N (N = 16), E + NaCl vehicle (V) (N = 16), V + N (N = 4) and V + V (N = 4). For 11 days a colonic temperature was taken, both drugs were injected and the rats were tested for locomotor activity for 45 min, after which a final colonic temperature was taken. N significantly enhanced the rate of tolerance development to the hypothermic effects of E and blocked a degree of the sedative effects. On Days 12 to 17 rats in all groups received V injections to extinguish tolerance. On Days 18 to 24 rats in the E + N group were tested with either E + N or E + V and rats in the E + V group were similarly divided. Previous treatment with N significantly attenuated the extinction process which in turn enhanced the reacquisition of tolerance. PMID- 3251246 TI - Toxicity study of continuous administration of physostigmine salicylate. AB - The present study demonstrates that continuous administration with physostigmine salicylate (0.12 or 0.24 mg/kg/hr via mini-osmotic pumps) induces toxicities (e.g., body weight loss, decreased water consumption, tremors, decreased body temperatures, mortality) in guinea pigs. Both blood and brain cholinesterase activity is inhibited dose-dependently by physostigmine salicylate. The signs of toxicity in the guinea pigs which received the low dose appeared within 2 or 3 days and then the animals recovered, while toxic signs in the guinea pigs treated with the high dose of the drug persisted throughout the experiments. The study further shows that continuous administration of physostigmine salicylate also caused down-regulation of muscarinic receptors in the striata of the guinea pigs. PMID- 3251248 TI - Attenuation of morphine analgesia by the S2 antagonists, pirenperone and ketanserin. AB - The involvement of serotonin type-2 (S2) receptors in morphine-induced analgesia was assessed by challenging the effect of 10 mg/kg of morphine sulphate (IP) with the S2 receptor blockers, pirenperone and ketanserin. Tail-flick latencies were assessed at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after injections by measuring the time that it took each rat to remove its tail from a 52 degrees C water bath. Pirenperone, at 0.08, 0.16, and 0.24 mg/kg (SC) attenuated morphine-induced antinociception. In contrast, only the high 10 mg/kg (SC) dose of ketanserin attenuated the effect of morphine. Because pirenperone easily enters the central nervous system whereas ketanserin does not, these results indicate the involvement of central S2 receptors in morphine-induced antinociception. The 10 mg/kg dose of ketanserin, however, did not attenuate the antinociception produced by 100 mg/kg of ketamine. Thus, the antianalgesic effect of S2 receptor blockers may be specific to opioid mediated analgesia. PMID- 3251247 TI - Prevention of soman toxicity after the continuous administration of physostigmine. AB - Protective effects of continuous administration of physostigmine alone, or in addition to scopolamine, against soman-induced toxicity were studied in guinea pigs. The results clearly demonstrated that treatment with physostigmine continuously via implanted mini-osmotic pumps for 4 or 7 days prior to soman exposure significantly protected from soman-induced mortality. In vehicle-infused guinea pigs, tremors, convulsions and loss of righting reflex occurred prior to their deaths induced by soman. Although all of the guinea pigs which received physostigmine pretreatment for 4 days prior to soman administration also displayed soman-induced tremors and convulsions, the onsets of these symptoms were significantly delayed. When animals continuously treated with physostigmine received injections of scopolamine 10 min prior to soman injections, there was a decreased incidence of all three toxicity symptoms as well as an increase in the latency to onset of tremors. Scopolamine was also able to reverse toxicity symptoms when soman was administered earlier. In animals which had been continuously treated with physostigmine via mini-osmotic pumps, the protective action against soman-induced toxicity was still apparent. On the contrary, acute physostigmine administration failed to protect against soman lethality. The present results suggest that the prophylactic uses of physostigmine via mini osmotic pumps might be more useful than the acute bolus administration of physostigmine. PMID- 3251249 TI - Effect of taurine on ethanol-induced sleep time in mice genetically bred for differences in ethanol sensitivity. AB - Long Sleep (LS) and Short Sleep (SS) mice were used in this study to investigate the interaction between ethanol and taurine. Sleep time (hypnosis) was selected as an index of ethanol-induced central nervous system depression. In order to achieve a similar degree of central nervous system depression with ethanol, SS and LS mice received 5.3 and 3.0 g/kg, IP, of ethanol, respectively. When taurine (7.5, 15 and 25 mumol/kg) was administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) to LS and SS mice immediately after regaining the righting reflex following ethanol injection, a return to sleep time was produced. This effect of taurine was immediate in onset and occurred in a dose-dependent fashion. LS mice exhibited a greater effect from taurine administration than SS mice. In another experiment LS and SS mice were given ICV TAG, a taurine antagonist (6-aminomethyl-3-methyl-4H 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide HCl), which significantly reduced the effect of taurine to produce a return to sleep time in the presence of ethanol. TAG did not affect ethanol-induced sleep time. In control experiments, in the absence of ethanol, neither taurine (25 mumol/kg, ICV) nor TAG (1 mumol/kg, ICV) caused a significant loss of the righting reflex (sleep time). When pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, IP) was injected instead of ethanol in the sleep time experiments, taurine (7.5, 15 and 25 mumol/kg, ICV) produced a return to sleep time in LS and SS mice that resembled the effect of taurine with ethanol in SS mice. These results indicate that taurine (ICV) can enhance the central depressant action of ethanol and pentobarbital and that the greatest effect of taurine occurred with LS mice in the presence of ethanol. It is possible that taurine may have some role in the central nervous system depressant properties of ethanol. PMID- 3251250 TI - Effects of chronic amphetamine in BALB/cBy mice, a strain that is not stimulated by acute administration of amphetamine. AB - The effects of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate on locomotor activity of BALB/cByJ mice were evaluated. d-Amphetamine had no effect or inhibited locomotor activity at acute doses of up to 10 mg/kg while methylphenidate stimulated locomotor activity at acute doses between 10 and 32 mg/kg. The dose-response curves for methylphenidate and d-amphetamine appeared to be quantal in nature. During a 21-day chronic treatment with 10 mg/kg d-amphetamine no evidence of tolerance to the depressant effects of relatively high doses of d-amphetamine was observed. However, a 3.2 mg/kg dose of d-amphetamine, which acutely inhibited locomotor activity, was found to stimulate locomotor activity following chronic amphetamine treatment. Doses of methylphenidate which acutely stimulated activity were without effect in mice chronically receiving amphetamine. Although the mechanism underlying these behavioral effects has yet to be established, our results indicate that inherent alterations can differentially affect both acute and chronic susceptibility to the behavioral effects of amphetamine and methylphenidate. Use of such altered strains of mice can be especially revealing of subtle behavioral effects brought about by chronic drug treatment which are not readily demonstrated following acute administration of amphetamine. PMID- 3251251 TI - Potentiation of the anticonflict effects of diazepam, but not pentobarbital and phenobarbital, by aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA). AB - The Conditioned Suppression of Drinking (CSD) paradigm is an "animal model" for anxiety which has been used to study the anticonflict effects of the benzodiazepines. It has been postulated that benzodiazepines produce their effects through interactions with GABA. The present study examined this potential GABA-BZ interaction on CSD behavior. In daily 10-minute sessions, water-deprived rats were trained to drink from a tube which was occasionally electrified (0.5 mA), electrification being signalled by a tone. Within 2-3 weeks control CSD responding had stabilized (16-24 shocks session and 10-14 ml water/session); drug tests were conducted at weekly intervals. As expected, diazepam (0.3-20.0 mg/kg), pentobarbital (0.6-10.0 mg/kg) and phenobarbital (10.0-40.0 mg/kg) alone markedly increased the number of shocks received at doses which did not depress background responding (i.e., water intake). Treatment with the GABA-transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA: 2.5-10.0 mg/kg, 10- or 60-minute pretreatment) alone had no anticonflict effect on CSD behavior. However, pretreatment (60-minute) with 10.0 mg/kg AOAA significantly potentiated the effects of diazepam, as indicated by a significant shift to the left in the diazepam dose-response curve relative to diazepam alone. By contrast, the anticonflict effects of pentobarbital and phenobarbital were unaffected by this AOAA pretreatment. Thus, while increases in GABA transmission alone do not appear to affect CSD behavior, the anticonflict effect of benzodiazepines, but not barbiturates, appear to be potentiated by increases in GABA transmission. PMID- 3251252 TI - Thermoregulatory responses in mice following acute administration of principal nitrogenous excretory substances. AB - This study was designed to assess the effects of some key excretory nitrogenous substances on body temperature and selected ambient temperature (Ta) in the mouse. In the first experiment, a dosage-response curve was developed to assess the effects of urea, creatinine, and ammonium chloride on colonic temperature at a Ta of 20 degrees C. All three substances elicited a drop in body temperature at a critical dosage. The threshold dosages were 3280 mg/kg for urea, 1279 mg/kg for creatinine, and 365 mg/kg for ammonium chloride. In a second experiment the selected Ta was monitored using a temperature gradient system. Mice were injected with dosages of the nitrogenous substances that had previously been shown to cause hypothermia at a Ta of 20 degrees C. Urea and ammonium chloride had no significant effect on the selected Ta nor on the colonic temperature after 90 min in the temperature gradient. Creatinine elicited a slight lowering of the selected Ta but had no effect on colonic temperature. The thermoregulatory responses to extremely toxic dosages of the nitrogenous substances appear to be quite dissimilar to that when animals are treated with xenobiotic compounds. PMID- 3251253 TI - Environment-dependent sensitization to amphetamine-induced circling behavior. AB - Sensitization to amphetamine-induced circling behavior in nonlesioned, female rats was studied. Experiments were designed to determine the effects of time spent in the test environment prior to and following the administration of amphetamine and of the time between injections of amphetamine on the environment dependent nature of the sensitization process. One group of rats was allowed to habituate to the test apparatus prior to injection of the drug. In this group, the drug was administered in the apparatus and the rats remained there for the duration of drug action. Another group of rats was placed in the apparatus only during the time of peak drug action. These rats were administered amphetamine in their home cages and were not allowed time to habituate to the test apparatus. Amphetamine was administered 2 times and injections were separated by either 1 or 7 days. To determine if the sensitization was dependent on the environment in which the drug was previously experienced, one-half of each of these groups of rats were kept in their home cages following the first injection of amphetamine and experienced the effects of the second injection of amphetamine in the test apparatus. The other half experienced the effects of both injections of amphetamine in the test apparatus. Sensitization was found to occur only in rats that experienced the effects of the first drug injection in the test environment. PMID- 3251254 TI - Effects of naloxone and picrotoxin on diazepam- or pentobarbital-induced hyperphagia in nondeprived rats. AB - Diazepam and pentobarbital administered intravenously increased food intake in a dose-dependent manner in nondeprived rats. Low doses of naloxone inhibited diazepam-induced feeding, but did not inhibit pentobarbital-induced feeding. On the other hand, picrotoxin inhibited feeding induced by both drugs. These findings suggest that diazepam-induced hyperphagia is related to endogenous opioid mechanisms, but pentobarbital-induced hyperphagia is not. Hyperphagia induced by both drugs may be related to GABAergic neurons. PMID- 3251255 TI - A device for the sustained release of nicotine in the mouse. AB - A subcutaneously-implantable reservoir for the sustained release of nicotine in mice is described. The device, dubbed INRm to differentiate it from an earlier Implantable Nicotine Reservoir for Rats (INRr), is a small glass cup sealed with Silastic polymer. Three sizes are described, which release 0.75-2.05 mg of nicotine per 24 hours. When implanted into mature CD-1 female mice, the largest device produces blood nicotine levels of 445 ng/ml, which remain relatively stable for at least 19 days. These blood nicotine levels produce no weight loss and minimal body temperature reduction over the time period of testing. INRms, like the INRr, are nontoxic, reproducible, inexpensive, and adaptable for behavioral, pharmacological, and toxicological studies of nicotine in mice. PMID- 3251256 TI - Effect of phenylpropanolamine on diet selection in rats. AB - Four doses of phenylpropanolamine (PPA; i.e., dl-norephedrine: 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) and saline were injected intraperitoneally in female rats maintained on a dietary self-selection paradigm. Intake of all three macronutrients (carbohydrate, fat, and protein) was equally affected by high doses of PPA. Lower doses decreased fat and protein more than carbohydrate. PMID- 3251258 TI - Health status of Filipinos: an evaluation. PMID- 3251257 TI - The effects of Ro 15-4513 on the behavioral actions of ethanol in an operant reaction time task and a conflict test. AB - Ro 15-4513, an analogue of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788, has been reported to selectively block the anxiolytic and intoxicating properties of ethanol in rats. To examine the specificity and selectivity of this ethanol antagonism, the effects of Ro 15-4513 were tested on the actions of ethanol in an operant reaction time and conflict test in rats. The operant reaction time task involved holding down a lever for 0.25-2.0 seconds to obtain food, and animals treated with 1 g/kg of ethanol showed a significant disruption in performance. This disruptive effect was reversed by Ro 15-4513 in doses of 1.5-5.0 mg/kg. Ro 15-4513 was also tested in an operant conflict paradigm sensitive to alcohol effects. Ro 15-4513 (0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in both punished and unpunished responding in the conflict test. Ethanol (0.75 g/kg), pentobarbital (5 mg/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) all produced a significant release of punished responding that was blocked by pretreatment with 6.0 mg/kg Ro 15-4513, but again Ro 15-4513 suppressed responding on its own at this dose. These results suggest that Ro 15-4513 has inverse agonist properties that may explain its ethanol-antagonist action. PMID- 3251259 TI - Nursing care of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (continuing education credit). PMID- 3251260 TI - The Philippine Nurses Association: its commitments. PMID- 3251261 TI - PNA and other nursing organizations. PMID- 3251262 TI - A moral recovery program: building a people--building a nation. PMID- 3251263 TI - [Present task of adolescent psychiatry]. PMID- 3251264 TI - [Eating disorders and personality pathology]. PMID- 3251265 TI - [Trial of pattern classification of adolescent absenteeism from schools using factor analysis]. PMID- 3251266 TI - [Diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia occurred in adolescence]. PMID- 3251267 TI - [Relationship between pharmacokinetics of antidepressive agents and changes in amines in the brain]. PMID- 3251268 TI - [Difference in mechanism of action of sulpiride and haloperidol on dopamine brain turnover]. PMID- 3251269 TI - [Study on experimental models of methamphetamine-induced mental disorders- relationship between rat brain dopamine and changes in behavior]. PMID- 3251271 TI - [Present status and countermeasures for problems in occupational mental health]. PMID- 3251272 TI - [Importance of weekly mental health services tied in early diagnosis and therapy of occupational mental disorders viewed from a sixteen-year experience as occupational psychiatrist]. PMID- 3251270 TI - [Etiologic mechanism of neuroleptic malignant syndrome--hypothesis of dopamine serotonin imbalance]. PMID- 3251273 TI - [Epidemiological findings for occupational psychiatry: occupational environment, physical health, sex, age and mental conditions]. PMID- 3251274 TI - [Sleep-wakefulness rhythm disturbance due to changes in occupational environment and the countermeasures]. PMID- 3251275 TI - [84th meeting of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry. Osaka, 11-13 May 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251276 TI - [Production of active oxygen radicals in peroxisome]. PMID- 3251278 TI - [Intracellular oxygen concentration--oxygen gradient]. PMID- 3251277 TI - [Generation of active oxygen by environmental factors; pheophorbide]. PMID- 3251279 TI - [Inhibitory mechanism of active oxygen production: monodehydroascorbic acid reductase]. PMID- 3251280 TI - [Three-dimensional structure of superoxide dismutase]. PMID- 3251281 TI - [Modulation of in vivo behavior of SOD by protein-bioengineering]. PMID- 3251282 TI - [Scavenging of active oxygen by heme catalase]. PMID- 3251283 TI - [Ascorbate-peroxidase; scavenging system of hydrogen peroxide in chloroplasts]. PMID- 3251284 TI - [Biochemical reactions of peroxidase with activated oxygen species]. PMID- 3251285 TI - [Peroxygenase: hydroperoxide-dependent mono-oxygenation]. PMID- 3251286 TI - [Reactivity of active oxygen with lipofuscin]. PMID- 3251287 TI - [Biological oxidation and reduction of methionine and methionine sulfoxide residues]. PMID- 3251288 TI - [Procurement of organs for transplantation]. PMID- 3251289 TI - [Medico-legal aspects of cadaveric organ explantation]. PMID- 3251290 TI - [Remarks on W. NasiLowski and M. Legien's work entitled "Medico-legal aspects of cadaveric organ explantation"]. PMID- 3251291 TI - [Remarks on the discussion regarding the definition of death and organ donors for transplantation]. PMID- 3251292 TI - [Increased activity of free radicals in pregnant women with EPH gestosis]. PMID- 3251293 TI - [Effect of alcohol on the leukocyte system. IV. Cytochemical and immunologic evaluation of the functional state of peripheral blood lymphocytes in alcoholics]. PMID- 3251295 TI - [Postgraduate training at the Copernicus Medical Academy in Cracow in 1985-1987]. PMID- 3251294 TI - [Prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in the population. III. Report of the Expert Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO)]. PMID- 3251296 TI - Radiosurgery "sandwich" treatment for resectable rectal and rectosigmoid carcinoma. Early results. PMID- 3251297 TI - Treatment of pathologic stage I-II endometrial adenocarcinoma. A retrospective analysis of 139 patients. PMID- 3251299 TI - Gallbladder metastasis: CT appearance. PMID- 3251298 TI - Spinal vacuum phenomena: radiological study of a case, etiology and pathologic mechanisms of phenomena. PMID- 3251300 TI - Efficacy of hysterosalpingography in evaluating tubal and peritubal disease in 200 patients with infertility. PMID- 3251301 TI - CT and conventional radiography in detecting lysis and fracture of the odontoid process in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3251302 TI - Ethmoidal fistula associated with empty sella in a case of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea. PMID- 3251303 TI - CT patterns in anthraco-silicosis. PMID- 3251304 TI - Gated blood pool scintigraphy (GBPS) for optimal setting of programmable cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 3251305 TI - Radiotherapy in patients with cerebral metastases. PMID- 3251306 TI - The efficacy of radiotherapy in the treatment of intraocular metastases. PMID- 3251307 TI - [The cure of cancer: new advances]. PMID- 3251308 TI - [Tumor markers: perspectives]. PMID- 3251309 TI - [Use of a hypertonic solution of 7.5% NaCl in preventing post-declamping hypotension of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 3251311 TI - [Postnatal growth of very low birth weight infants. I. Immediate growth]. PMID- 3251310 TI - [Cancer of the breast associated with pregnancy and lactation]. PMID- 3251313 TI - [Oral rehydration of infants with acute diarrhea in emergency services]. PMID- 3251312 TI - [Purulent meningitis]. PMID- 3251314 TI - [Bone maturation of children from 6 to 19 years of age. The wrist and hand. II. Probit analysis of isolated bones]. PMID- 3251315 TI - [Clinical analysis of 5 cases of alcoholic intoxication in children under 10 years of age]. PMID- 3251316 TI - [Early diagnosis of phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism. Prevention of mental retardation]. PMID- 3251318 TI - [Education in pediatrics: training and updating in pediatrics]. PMID- 3251317 TI - [Neonatal mortality: definitions and limitations]. PMID- 3251319 TI - [Health status in childhood and adolescence. Which pediatric training does the general practitioner need to approach it?]. PMID- 3251320 TI - [Undergraduate education: does it allow to practice in pediatrics?]. PMID- 3251321 TI - [Systematic education of specialists and subspecialists in pediatrics]. PMID- 3251322 TI - [What should be the role of the Chilean Society of Pediatrics in the continuing medical education of pediatricians and family practitioners?]. PMID- 3251323 TI - [How and who should regulate the professional activity of the pediatrician?]. PMID- 3251324 TI - [Diagnosis of phenylketonuria in Chile]. PMID- 3251326 TI - [Neonatal polycythemia. Review of 110 cases]. PMID- 3251325 TI - [Characteristics of puberty in male school children of various socioeconomic levels from the metropolitan region of Chile]. PMID- 3251328 TI - [Evaluation of intrauterine growth by birth weight]. PMID- 3251327 TI - [Re-evaluation of infants hospitalized with acute diarrhea with dehydration]. PMID- 3251329 TI - [Localized scleroderma in children. Analysis of 5 cases]. PMID- 3251330 TI - [Neonatal leukemoid reaction associated with prenatal administration of corticoids]. PMID- 3251331 TI - Actions of flunarizine dihydrochloride on the electrical activity of isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle and rabbit sino-atrial node. AB - Effects of flunarizine on electrophysiological properties of isolated guinea-pig papillary muscles and rabbit sino-atrial nodes were examined using conventional microelectrode and double-microelectrode voltage clamp methods. Although flunarizine did not affect the maximum rate of rise of the action potential (Vmax) in fast response fibers, the compound depressed the slow action potentials of K+-depolarized papillary muscle (at above 10 microM) and reduced the automaticity of sino-atrial node (at above 3 microM). In voltage clamp experiments, flunarizine selectively suppressed the slow inward current of sino atrial node specimens. It is concluded that relatively high concentrations of flunarizine directly modify the electrical activity of isolated mammalian myocardium via a suppression of Ca2+ influx through the cell membrane. PMID- 3251333 TI - Differential effects of yohimbine and phenoxybenzamine on norepinephrine metabolites in rat brain. AB - The effects of yohimbine (YOH) and phenoxybenzamine (PB) on the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) metabolites were compared. In contrast to the large effects of YOH, PB caused only small, nonsignificant increases in brain 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG). The effects of YOH were unaltered when rats were pretreated with PB. Tyrosine failed to enhance the effect of either YOH or PB except for somewhat augmenting the increase in DHPG induced by YOH. The results rule out the possibility that the small effect of PB on MHPG levels is due to inhibition of NE metabolism, postsynaptic alpha receptor blockade or to a deficiency in the amino acid precursor tyrosine. Rather, the large effect of YOH is likely due only partly to blockade of presynaptic autoreceptors and partly to another, reserpine-like action. It is also possible that the presynaptic receptors are incompletely blocked by even high doses of PB. PMID- 3251332 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide inhibits proliferation but not hypertrophy and functional dedifferentiation of bovine parathyroid cells in culture. AB - Primary cultures of bovine parathyroid cells were used to study the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH) release, regulation of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+i) and cell growth. Parathyroid cells were seeded into fibronectin-coated culture wells in the absence (control) or presence of 2% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Both groups of cells attached and flattened out, and during 4 days of culture the cell diameters and protein content increased. However, whereas the number of cells in the control group increased by 60% and their 3H-thymidine incorporation tenfold, the DMSO cultured cells exhibited no signs of cell proliferation. Despite this difference in cell replication rate both groups of cells developed similar functional dedifferentiation. There was consequently a decreased Ca2+ suppressibility of PTH release, and Ca2+i did not follow the ambient Ca2+ concentration in a usual manner. It is concluded that during culture bovine parathyroid cells develop morphological and functional abnormalities similar those in parathyroid cells from patients with hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, this functional dedifferentiation could be dissociated from increased cell proliferation but may be related to cell hypertrophy. PMID- 3251334 TI - Cyclosporine A induced lipid peroxidation in microsomes and effect on active and passive glucose transport by brush border membrane vesicles of rat kidney. AB - The in vitro effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) on lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat renal microsomes were investigated either with different CsA concentrations (0.001 to 1.5 mg/ml) or for different periods of time (0.5 to 3 h). Furthermore the influence of this drug on glucose uptake by rat renal brush border membrane vesicles (RBBMV) prepared from renal cortical slices which were preincubated with CsA for 1 or 3 h was studied. CsA caused a time- and concentration-dependent increase of malondialdehyde production in renal microsomes. LPO was inhibited by addition of the radical scavenger alpha-tocopherol. Regarding the CsA effect on the vesicular glucose uptake, an increase in the passive influx constants of L glucose and a decrease in the maximal transport rates of the sodium-dependent D glucose uptake were found as compared to the corresponding control values. The apparent affinities of D-glucose to the glucose transporter were slightly lowered after incubation of slices in a CsA containing medium. The results of the present study suggest that CsA causes LPO in renal microsomes and that this LPO is due to membrane damage by CsA as shown by alternations of active and passive glucose uptake by RBBMV. PMID- 3251335 TI - Polyamine lowered the hepatic lipid peroxide level in rats. AB - This is the first report for the hepatic lipid peroxide lowering effect of spermine in vivo. The influence of administration of polyamines on hepatic lipid peroxide level has been investigated by using normal or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rats. Spermine was found to lower the hepatic lipid peroxide level most efficiently among polyamines used in CCl4-treated rats. In addition, the extent of liver enlargement caused by CCl4 treatment was reduced by spermine administration. Lipid peroxide lowering effect of spermine was also observed in normal rats. Hepatic spermine content was significantly increased in both normal and CCl4-treated rats after administration of spermine. Clear inverse relationship between the content of lipid peroxide and the concentration of spermine was observed. In reconstituted system containing NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and extracted hepatic microsomal lipid, spermine inhibited the NADPH dependent lipid peroxidation effectively at the concentration of 0.1 mM. From these results, we concluded that spermine exerted an inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation in vivo as well as in vitro. PMID- 3251336 TI - Interaction of methacrylonitrile with glutathione. AB - The interaction of methacrylonitrile (MeAN) with glutathione (GSH) was evaluated in aqueous solution and its in vivo potential to deplete GSH in male Sprague Dawley rats at the 0.5 LD50 dose of 100 mg MeAN/Kg body weight was investigated. Addition of MeAN (0-40 mM) to a solution of 0.3 mM GSH in 2 mM EDTA, pH 7.4, resulted in a time and concentration dependent depletion of GSH determined as nonprotein sulfhydryl. Thin layer chromatography analysis of incubation mixtures of MeAN with GSH and cysteine showed the appearance of distinct spots representing the adducts S-cyanopropyl GSH and S-cyanopropyl cysteine. Oral administration of MeAN to the rats resulted in significant depletion of GSH in the liver, kidney, heart, lung, brain and spleen. The maximum GSH depletion was noticed in the liver (approximately 39% of control) and in other organs it ranged between 26-34% of control. It is likely that the toxicity of MeAN may be related to in vivo GSH depletion. PMID- 3251337 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and pituitary hormones on hepatic microsomal carboxylesterase isozymes in male rats. AB - Hepatic microsomal carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) from rat liver microsomes showed a different capacity for the hydrolysis of various substrates. In hypophysectomized male rats, hepatic carboxylesterase activities showed substrate dependent changes, i.e., an decrease in malathion and p-nitrophenylacetate hydrolases and increase in isocarboxazid hydrolase. When human growth hormone is administered to hypophysectomized male rats, carboxylesterase activities were decreased. Conversely, subcutaneous injection of ovine prolactin to hypophysectomized rats, carboxylesterase activities showed substrate-dependent changes. On the other hand, in hypophysectomized male rats, the amount of carboxylesterase isozymes showed different changes, i.e., an increase in the amount of RL2 contents and decrease in RL1 contents, and the amount of RH1 was not changed. These results suggested that hepatic microsomal carboxylesterases are regulated, at least in part, by some pituitary hormones, and that these hormones have selective effects on the different isozymes of carboxylesterase. PMID- 3251338 TI - Immunoreactivity to various peptides in the human carotid body. AB - Human carotid bodies, removed at routine necropsies, have been subjected to radioimmunoassay for various peptides. Average levels of immunoreactivity, expressed in pm/g, were: met-enkephalin 612, leu-enkephalin 162, bombesin 73, neurotensin 67, VIP 9 and substance P 16. No alpha-hANP immunoreactivity could be detected. PMID- 3251339 TI - A pharmacokinetic analysis of enterohepatic circulation of ursodeoxycholic acid, a drug with a high hepatic extraction but a small clearance. AB - Disposition profiles of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were studied by using a radioimmunoassay measuring serum UDCA after the single i.v. and oral 50 mg dose in five healthy subjects and in five patients with chronic liver disease. The healthy subjects also received single oral doses of 25, 100 and 300 mg of UDCA in a random order. The fasting pre-treatment UDCA concentrations were frequently higher in patients compared with the overall range of values in healthy subjects. The post-treatment concentrations were much higher in patients than in healthy subjects receiving the same i.v. and oral doses. A dose-dependent increase in AUC and Cmax after the oral UDCA doses was observed in normal subjects. The mean UDCA clearance in normal subjects was estimated to be much smaller than that expected and was apparently incompatible with the reported value for the hepatic extraction ratio of UDCA. This discrepancy was explained by an enterohepatic circulation which exists even in the fasting condition. The relationship between the hepatic extraction ratio and a substantial magnitude of enterohepatic circulation was formulated by using two newly defined concepts, hepatic extraction clearance and single path recirculating fraction. PMID- 3251340 TI - Species differences in biliary excretion of methylmercury--role of non-protein sulfhydryls in bile. AB - Species differences in biliary excretion of methylmercury and non-protein sulfhydryls (NPSHs) were studied using male rats, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs and hamsters. EDTA was added to all mixtures used throughout the experimental procedures to prevent oxidation of NPSHs. The rates of mercury excretion into the bile of guinea pigs and rabbits after the administration of methylmercury were significantly lower than those in rats, mice and hamsters. Total NPSH concentrations in the bile of guinea pigs and rabbits analyzed by HPLC were also relatively low compared with those in the other species. These results suggested that NPSH excretion plays an important role in species differences of methylmercury excretion into bile. The chemical form of the methylmercury in the bile was analyzed by gel filtration with Sephadex G-15, and most of methylmercury in bile of all species used in the experiment was bound to low molecular weight substances. The main form of methylmercury in the bile was methylmercury glutathione (MM-GSH) in mice and hamsters and methylmercury-cysteinylglycine (MM CysGly) in guinea pigs. Methylmercury in the bile of mice, hamsters and guinea pigs was associated with the main component of NPSHs in bile of the respective species. In the rat bile, however, GSH accounted for a majority (80%) of NPSHs, but methylmercury was separated in two peaks on gel filtration, i.e. MM-CysGly (70%) and MM-GSH (30%). This may be explained by the higher affinity of CysGly to methylmercury than that of GSH. Our data indicate that species differences in the chemical forms of biliary methylmercury reflect the species differences in NPSH components in the bile. PMID- 3251341 TI - [Post-transfusional infection by the human immunodeficiency virus]. PMID- 3251342 TI - [Changes of creatine phosphokinase and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme in primary hypothyroidism before and after the treatment with thyroid hormone]. PMID- 3251344 TI - [Does cholecystectomy increase duodenogastric reflux?]. PMID- 3251343 TI - [Value of an anatomical prognosis index in the classification of traumatized patients with abdominal and extra-abdominal injuries]. PMID- 3251345 TI - [Importance of the ectocervical atypical transformation zone in postmenopausal women]. PMID- 3251346 TI - [Role of chromosome changes in the etiology of male infertility]. PMID- 3251347 TI - [Subjective nutritional assessment of surgical patients with cancer. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3251348 TI - [Sliding diaphragmatic hiatal hernia with esophageal reflux. Surgery using a 180 degree postero-lateral antireflux technic and hiatoplasty. Experience in 100 surgical cases]. PMID- 3251350 TI - The First International Conference on Synovitis--Characteristics and Functions of Synovial Cells. Oslo, Norway, 9-12 June 1988. PMID- 3251349 TI - [Reconstruction of the sinus wall with maintenance of the nasofrontal ductus: experimental study with acrylic resins]. PMID- 3251351 TI - Synovial processes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The clinical feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by systemic immunological, local-inflammatory phenomena. But it is the joint destruction which gives RA its dramatic course. Through the years we evaluated joint tissues of app. 14,500 patients with defined RA and besides the conventional inflammatory processes we could prove a mechanism which is responsible for the joint destruction and which is typical for RA. Following an exudative episode, compact, homogeneous cell masses can occur in the synovial membrane which consist of macronuclear, immature, synoviogenous cells. These masses can encroach on the adjacent structures of articular cartilage and subchondral bone which consequently enzymatically will be degraded and destroyed. Since these rapidly growing cell masses are avascular in their aggressive stage, they soon will collapse. The surviving cells "modulate" to fibroblast which start collagen synthesis and thus form the well-known pannus. In the area of the compact, homogeneous cell masses of synovial origin, there are no lymphocytes and plasma cells nor PMN or macrophages. Macrophages only occur after the breakdown of the cell masses and the beginning of pannus formation, this also is the case with lymphocytes and plasma cells. Thus, the immature synoviogenous cell masses are in contrast to the initial synovitis not of inflammatory character. Their cytological and aggressive behavior rather shows oncological analogies. This also corresponds to our proof of the expression of myc and ras to a high degree in the aggressive cell masses in RA. PMID- 3251352 TI - Mapping of synovial fibroblast proteins by high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis. AB - The highly sensitive protein separation technique two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to study the cellular protein synthesis in 1) cultured human rheumatoid and 2) normal synovial fibroblasts and 3) normal skin fibroblasts. No reproducible differences were found that could be ascribed to cellular origin, the disease or in vitro cellular aging. The reasons for that probably were related to the cell cultures and not to failure of protein detection. PMID- 3251353 TI - The major leukocyte protein L1 as an indicator of inflammatory joint disease. AB - L1 is a major protein in granulocytes and monocytes. It is released during activation of these cells, and the plasma level of L1 is therefore thought to reflect the turnover of leukocytes. Peripheral blood from 96 patients hospitalized in a rheumatological department, was analysed for L1, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The total patient material was divided into groups depending on diagnosis: 47 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 27 patients with arthritis of different etiologies, 15 patients with non-inflammatory diseases and 7 patients with arteritis. Correlation analysis were made between the different laboratory parameters. A high positive correlation was found between L1 and CRP in all the groups, and with a correlation coefficient of the total patient material of 0.68 (p less than 0.001). The correlation coefficient between L1 and ESR was 0.54 (p less than 0.001) in the total patient material, and between CRP and ESR it was 0.66 (p less than 0.001). The results indicate that the L1 protein could be a new laboratory marker of inflammation in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 3251354 TI - Studies on response characteristics of drug ion-selective electrodes (II)--sulpha drug sensitive electrodes using quaternary phosphonium and arsonium compounds. AB - Ion-pair complexes of sulphonamide derivatives with quaternary phosphonium and quaternary arsonium have been synthesized and their electrode performances studied. It has been found that the electrode functions depend mainly on the site cation rather than on the anionic species and deteriorate in the order of cetyltrioctylammonium greater than cetyltriphenylphosphonium greater than cetyltriphenylarsonium. The electrode selectivity for different sulpha-drugs decreases in the order of sulphathiazole greater than sulphamethoxazole greater than sulphadimethoxine, sulphadoxine greater than sulphacetamide greater than sulphadiazine greater than sulphanilamide. Selectivity coefficients depend not only on the molecular connectivity index chi, but also on the electronic charge at the ionizing amide nitrogen atom sigma and pKa according to the following formula: logKij = a chi + b sigma - CpKa - d. The quaternary phosphonium type electrodes have been suggested for use in the potentiometric determinations of sulpha-drugs. PMID- 3251355 TI - [A quantitative immunocytochemical study on the gonadotrophs in the female rats during the estrous cycle]. PMID- 3251356 TI - [Influence of stimulation of the skin receptive field on evoked discharges of the polymodal nociceptors in rats]. PMID- 3251357 TI - [Inhibitory effect of substantia nigra-stimulation on neuronal activity of nucleus raphe magnus and its mechanism]. PMID- 3251358 TI - [Effects of task-unrelated stimuli on frontal neuron responses in delay period of performing monkeys]. PMID- 3251359 TI - [Role of vagus nerves and adrenergic receptor in the effect of hypertonic NaCl infusion during severe hemorrhagic shock in rabbits]. PMID- 3251360 TI - [Experimental studies on the viscous stiffness of isolated rat cardiac muscle]. PMID- 3251361 TI - [Effects of electrical and chemical stimulation of the ventral-medial region of nucleus facialis on respiratory phase switching in rabbits]. PMID- 3251362 TI - [Hepatic protection of indomethacin against carbon tetrachloride toxicity in rats]. PMID- 3251363 TI - [Studies on the heterogeneity of spleen colony-forming cell population]. PMID- 3251364 TI - [Observations of erythrocyte insulin receptor and membrane microviscosity of erythrocyte in type II diabetics]. PMID- 3251365 TI - [Demonstration of dopaminergic amacrine cells in newborn cat retina with an improved immunocytochemical method]. PMID- 3251366 TI - [Clinical experience with a new synthetic monobactam in urinary infections]. PMID- 3251367 TI - [A computerization project in Piedmont dialysis centers. A 6-year experience]. PMID- 3251369 TI - [Neonatal renal insufficiency and thrombosis of the renal vein. Systemic thrombolytic treatment]. PMID- 3251368 TI - [A therapeutic plan for optimal control of divalent ions in patients on chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 3251370 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome: a complication of long-term dialytic treatment]. PMID- 3251371 TI - [Recommendations of Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Parodontologie for planning, execution, publishing of efficacy of medications for periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3251373 TI - [Therapy for desquamative gingivitis]. PMID- 3251374 TI - [Conservative therapy of gingival hyperplasia]. PMID- 3251375 TI - [Therapy of benign neoplasms of gingival margins]. PMID- 3251372 TI - [Correct tooth care is practical already in kindergarten]. PMID- 3251376 TI - [Indications for fear reduction in dental practice]. PMID- 3251377 TI - [Acceptance and effectivity of electric and hand toothbrushes]. PMID- 3251378 TI - [No fear with safety gloves]. PMID- 3251379 TI - [Combination fixed/removable partial denture of non-precious metal]. PMID- 3251380 TI - [Effect of anesthesia with halothane on serum concentrations of iron, copper, manganese, zinc and cobalt in humans, determined by continuous flow injection and atomic absorption spectrophotometry]. PMID- 3251381 TI - The differential effect of liposomal amphotericin B on human erythrocytes and promastigotes of Leishmania sp. PMID- 3251382 TI - Identification systems. An application: cell osmotic water permeability in a kidney tubule. PMID- 3251383 TI - [Diversified leadership: a social solution of problems in schools of fish]. PMID- 3251384 TI - Determination of iron, copper and zinc in human whole vitreous humor by flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 3251385 TI - [X-ray diffraction study of the structural changes that follow phosphorylation of thick muscle filaments in tarantulas]. PMID- 3251386 TI - [Adrenergic receptors and active ion transport of kidney cortex slices in guinea pigs]. PMID- 3251387 TI - Ultrastructural study of reinnervation in a rat fast skeletal muscle. PMID- 3251388 TI - Current therapeutic possibilities of GIFT. AB - We have used GIFT in 74 couples affected with unexplained sterility, male hypofertility, endometriosis, phymosis of the fimbria and adhesions impeding oocyte pick-up. We systematically desensitized the pituitary using a GnRH analog from the 20th day of the cycle preceding GIFT. All the patients were hyperstimulated with purified FSH and hMG (Metrodin and Pergonal-Serono) from the 3rd day of the cycle. When several follicles were obtained woth a diameter greater than 16 mm together with serum estradiol values of 300 pg/ml per follicle, 10,000 IU hCG were administered intramuscularly in a single dose (Profasi-Serono). A maximum of 5 oocytes per patient were transferred (2-3 per tube). Our results confirm the validity of the GIFT method, with an average success rate of 19% in all pathological conditions and a far greater success rate in couples with unexplained sterility than in those with male hypofertility (31% and 10% respectively). The Authors stress that the best results of GIFT were achieved when the ratio between E2 and follicles with a diameter greater than 16 mm was in excess of 500 pg/ml. PMID- 3251389 TI - "Etiological characterization of hirsutism by means of a chemometric technique: the linear discriminant analysis". AB - This preliminary study concerns the evaluation of a chemometric technique, the so called Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for an adequate nosological characterization of the more common forms of hirsutism: i.e., the Micropolycystic Ovary Syndrome (MPCO) and the Idiopathic Hirsutism (I.H.). The obtained data and, particularly, the evidence of statistically significant values of the Linear Discriminant Function (mean = 12.7; p less than 0.02), clearly show the effectiveness of LDA as a practical and suitable method for a more proper detection and classification of MPCO and I.H. PMID- 3251390 TI - Seminal plasma fructose and glucose in normal and pathological conditions. AB - A total number of ninety four semen samples were analysed which included normozoospermia (39), oligozoospermia (6), oligoasthenozoospermia (10), asthenozoospermia (15) and azoospermia (24). A positive correlation (r = 0.344) was existing between sperm count and motility in normozoospermia. Seminal plasma was estimated for fructose (94) and glucose (73). It was found that there was a statistical difference between the values of oligozoospermia and all other groups studied for fructose. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.394) was existing between percentage of motility of spermatozoa and fructose in normozoospermia showing that fructose is very essential for increased number of motile spermatozoa. Likewise a relationship (r = 0.451) was seen between sperm count and glucose in normal. This gives an impression that both these are regulated by one source. PMID- 3251392 TI - A new glass device for semen collection. AB - A simple glass device is designed for collection of semen sample. This avoids routinely adapted method of twice transferring the ejaculate from one to another for measuring the volume and for centrifugation. The reduction in the total volume, thus caused, is excluded by the new device. PMID- 3251391 TI - Sodium and potassium in normal and pathological seminal plasma. AB - A total number of 273 seminal plasma samples from normozoospermia (n = 91), oligozoospermia (n. = 50), oligoasthenozoospermia (n = 76), asthenozoospermia (n = 10) and azoospermia (n = 46) were analysed for sodium and potassium. A decreased sodium level was seen in pathological groups. A negative correlation was found to be in existence between sodium and potassium in seminal plasma in the groups studied except in azoospermia. Positive correlation was found between sodium and motile spermatozoa in normal and oligozoospermia. In oligoasthenozoospermia it was negative. Potassium was negatively correlated with percentage of motile spermatozoa in the groups studied. PMID- 3251393 TI - [Diagnosis by a system of addition in irritable colon syndrome]. AB - It carried through a study, in two stage, in 50 patients of ambulatory consultation of gastroenterology, to estimate the efficiency of the question for the diagnostic by addition, for the irritable bowel syndrome, in the period between August 1985 - August 1987. In the first place, its appraised the efficiency of the system by addition in a group of selective patients, subsequently the questions in the no selective patients. There is, for the first place a high sensibility, specificity and favourite values. In the second place, the obtained values are not significative. It appraised the introduction of modifications in the question. As a conclusion: 1) the system by addition in a group of selective patients has a high efficiency in the diagnostic, 2) the system in no selective patients has not diagnostic values, 3) it is important to carried out a study to exclude the: "history of blood in faecal material" and to include the age and sex, and 4) the system by addition not allow to distinguished the irritable bowel syndrome and the organic disease. PMID- 3251394 TI - [Behavioral medicine in gastroenterology]. PMID- 3251395 TI - [Aspiration cytology. New method in the diagnosis of cancer of the colon]. AB - The method of cytologic samples by aspirative punction was successfully used in lesions that are accessible with common needles. The digestive tract's lesions are of more difficult access, and that is the reason why we do not known any antecedent with this method in the literature. Since 1978 we have thought about some way of taking the sample by fiberoptic devices in endoscopic explorations, adjusting to a polyethylene tube of suitable measure, as to exceed the colonoscopy, in the distal extreme, a little trocar and on its proximal extreme the adjustable part of the trocar for the adaptation of the syringe that makes the aspiration. It crosses through the biopsy channel of the colonoscope, puncturing the lesion and extracting the material by aspiration to prepare the cytologic smear, and fixing it for its further coloration and microscopic observation. We present the result of the aspirative cytology in 100 cases of tumoral or elevated lesions detected in the course of a colonoscopy, performing a comparative study with the exfoliative cytology and biopsy of the same cases, to compare the diagnostic positivity index between all the tree methods. We have studied 77 adenocarcinomas, 9 villous adenomas or polyps, 5 elevated lesions in long-evolution idiopathic ulcerative colitis and 3 inflammatory lesions. The aspirative cytology had greater positivity than the exfoliative one, complementing the judgement of biopsy studies in cases of malign neoplasia with great necrotic component. It must be underlined the utility of aspirative cytology method due to its simplicity, innocuousness and diagnostic security. PMID- 3251396 TI - Rapid action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on hepatocyte phospholipids. AB - Recent studies have reported cellular effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 within 15 minutes, a time period too rapid to be mediated by nuclear activation. The vitamin increases hepatocyte cytosolic calcium levels in the absence of extracellular calcium within 5 minutes. Since metabolites of phosphatidylinositol have been implicated as second messengers in the regulation of cytosolic calcium, we examined the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on hepatocyte phosphatidylinositol turnover and compared these effects to those produced by vasopressin. In isolated hepatocytes labeled with [3H]inositol, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (4 nM) increased [3H]glycerophosphorylinositol by 16% (p less than 0.01) within 2.5 minutes, by 18% (p less than 0.01) after 5 minutes, and by 11% (p less than 0.05) after 10 minutes. At a concentration of 20 nM, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased [3H]glycerophosphorylinositol by 27% (p less than 0.01) after 5 minutes. Vitamin D did not affect [3H]inositol polyphosphates. Conversely, vasopressin had no effect on [3H]glycerophosphorylinositol but significantly increased [3H]inositol phosphate, [3H]inositol bisphosphate, and [3H]inositol triphosphate. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (4 nM) decreased [3H]phosphatidylinositol by 10% (p less than 0.05) after 5 minutes and by 16% (p less than 0.01) after 10 minutes. At a concentration of 20 nM, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D decreased [3H]phosphatidylinositol by 18% (p less than 0.01) after 5 minutes. The vitamin did not affect [3H]phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate or [3H]phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate. 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D had no effect on inositol phospholipids. The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on inositol phospholipids were blocked by quinacrine. Bromophenacylbromide inhibited the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on inositol phospholipids and also blocked the vitamin-induced increments in cytosolic calcium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3251397 TI - Bone mineral density in Australia compared with the United States. AB - Bone density measurements are currently being performed throughout the world in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis as well as in research into this major health problem. However, it is not clear to what extent bone mineral density (BMD) values determined by dual-photon absorptiometry at one center can be applied to another. This is particularly relevant for the quantitative comparison of results from studies carried out in different laboratories. Furthermore, many centers now acquiring densitometers may not have the resources to determine their own normal range, relying instead on a "normal" range provided by the manufacturer. The question of the comparability of BMD data obtained in different centers was examined by comparing the normal range for the lumbar spine and proximal femur in 203 normal white Australian women and 892 normal white U.S. women, obtained using the same model densitometer. The two populations were compared according to decade. From superimposition of the Australian individual values on the North American normal ranges, only minor differences between the two populations were seen at any of the sites measured at any decade. None of these minor differences were statistically significant. This study shows a close similarity between BMD values in both the proximal femur and lumbar spine in normal white women in Australia and North America, provided the same model densitometer is used. Thus data obtained from different centers in populations with similar ethnic composition may be compared directly. These findings provide for the first time a sound basis for the quantitative comparison of the at times conflicting studies carried out in widely differing settings around the world. PMID- 3251398 TI - Calcitonin-like effects of forskolin and choleratoxin on surface area and motility of isolated rabbit osteoclasts. AB - We have previously found that the adenylate cyclase stimulators forskolin and choleratoxin increase cyclic AMP and transiently inhibit bone resorption in cultured mouse calvaria, suggesting that the compounds, directly or indirectly, may inhibit osteoclast activity. In the present study, forskolin and choleratoxin were investigated for their direct effects on surface area and motility of isolated rabbit osteoclasts, and the effects were compared to those of calcitonin (CT). Osteoclasts were cultured on coverslips for different times in the absence or presence of the compounds. The effect on osteoclast mean area was quantified on fixed and stained osteoclasts, and in addition effects were recorded with time lapse cinemicrography. The effects of CT (100 mU/ml) on mean area and motility were seen within minutes and were maximal after 10-60 minutes. Forskolin (10-30 mumol/liter) produced a rapid (15-60 minutes) inhibition of motility and decrease in area (contraction) of osteoclasts. Choleratoxin (1 microgram/ml) treatment also resulted in cell contraction and inhibition of motility; however, the response was not seen before 45-60 minutes. The difference in the kinetics of the osteoclast response between forskolin, CT, and choleratoxin is similar to differences in time course for the effect on cyclic AMP in calvarial bones, which we reported earlier. Although cells were incubated continuously with forskolin, choleratoxin, or CT, the effects were transient. Thus, after 7-8 h incubation with CT, 3-4 h treatment with forskolin, or 4-6 h with choleratoxin, the osteoclasts started to recover from contraction and immotility. The effect of forskolin and choleratoxin on the mean surface area of osteoclasts was dose dependent. The present study shows that forskolin and choleratoxin have a direct inhibitory action on osteoclast activity and thus provide further evidence that cyclic AMP is a mediator of the action of CT on bone resorption. PMID- 3251399 TI - Direct transformation from quiescence to bone formation in the adult periosteum following a single brief period of bone loading. AB - The concept of resorption preceding formation in a coupled response is well established as the normal sequence of remodeling in adult bone. So prevalent is this concept, however, that the idea of the direct activation of osteogenic modeling in normal adult bone is often ignored. This experiment documents the direct transformation of the normal, quiescent, adult periosteum to active bone formation. The osteogenic stimulus was provided by a single short period of dynamic loading. Periosteal activation and the production of new bone within 5 days of loading was unaccompanied by resorption or the presence of osteoclasts. We therefore conclude that an adult resting periosteum can become directly converted to formation as a physiologic response to an appropriate osteogenic stimulus without the need for resorption. To distinguish this process from remodeling we suggest it be called renewed modeling. It is notable that a single short exposure to an "osteogenic" loading regime can influence the full cascade of cellular events between quiescence and active bone formation. PMID- 3251400 TI - Elevated calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium retention in pregnant rats prior to the onset of fetal skeletal mineralization. AB - Intestinal absorption and renal excretion rates of Ca, P, and Mg were compared in pregnant and control virgin rats fed a purified diet containing 0.55% Ca, 0.54% P, and 0.067% Mg. Four consecutive balance intervals of 5 days each were examined, beginning on day 1 of gestation. During days 6-10 of gestation, pregnant rats had elevated fractional intestinal absorptions of Ca (29.6 +/- 1.7 versus 20.6 +/- 1.5%), P (65.4 +/- 2.0 versus 59.9 +/- 0.9%), and Mg (54.3 +/- 1.5 versus 42.4 +/- 2.6%). Since urinary excretions of these elements did not change, the pregnant rats retained more Ca, P, and Mg than virgin rats. Fractional intestinal absorptions of these elements during pregnancy were similar to control values during days 1-5 and 11-15 of gestation and then rose for each element during days 16-20 of gestation. Presumably because of an increase in glomerular filtration rate, urinary excretions of Ca and Mg were elevated by 40 and 26% during days 16-20 of gestation. In contrast, urinary P excretion was decreased by 30% during days 11-20 of gestation. Analyses of uterine mineral contents indicated the increased maternal Ca and Mg retentions during pregnancy were balanced by the transfers of these elements to the fetuses. In contrast, pregnancy was associated with a net maternal retention of P. These data are consistent with previous observations of increased maternal skeletal mineralization during early pregnancy before the onset of fetal osteogenesis and subsequent enhanced maternal Ca intestinal absorption concurrent with fetal skeletal mineralization. PMID- 3251401 TI - Determinants of peak trabecular bone density in women: the role of androgens, estrogen, and exercise. AB - To elucidate determinants of peak trabecular bone density, we studied the role of androgens, estrogen, and aerobic exercise in 30 women from 18 to 22 years old. The women were divided into three groups: Sedentary, 11 normal women who did not exercise regularly; eumenorrheic, 10 athletes with normal menstrual function; and oligomenorrheic, 9 athletes with exercise-induced oligomenorrhea. All athletes participated in aerobic sports that did not involve selective resistance loading of the back. Serum free and albumin-bound testosterone (fab T), androstenedione (A), and estradiol (E2) were measured on four separate occasions at consecutive 7 day intervals and averaged. Trabecular density was measured by quantitative computed tomography of the lumbar spine. Peak trabecular bone density was related to fab T (r = 0.48, p = 0.007), A (r = 0.40, p = 0.03), and E2 (r = 0.40, p = 0.04). When taken in combination, androgens and estrogen each accounted independently for significant portions of the variance in bone density [fab T and E2 (R2 = 0.38, p = 0.002) and A and E2 (R2 = 0.27, p = 0.01)]. Bone density (mg/ml, mean +/- standard error of the mean, SEM) in the sedentary group (174 +/- 6) was not significantly different from that in the eumenorrheic (183 +/- 12, p = 0.47) or oligomenorrheic (161 +/- 11, p = 0.32) subjects. We conclude that androgens and estrogen function as independent and additive determinants of peak trabecular bone density in young women. The quantitative impact of aerobic exercise (without resistance loading) and exercise-induced menstrual dysfunction appears to be less important than that of the hormones. PMID- 3251402 TI - Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs encoding chicken preproparathyroid hormone. AB - In order to characterize an avian parathyroid hormone gene, a lambda gt10 cDNA library constructed from chicken parathyroid gland mRNA was screened with a human preproparathyroid hormone (preproPTH) cDNA probe. Nucleotide sequence analysis of three independent clones confirmed that they encoded chicken preproPTH. This analysis, complemented by primer extension and Northern blot analysis of mRNA, demonstrated a 5'-untranslated region for chicken preproPTH of 127 nucleotides, a coding region of 357 nucleotides, and a 3'-untranslated region of approximately 2500 nucleotides. The coding sequence predicts a mature chicken PTH of 88 amino acids in contrast to the 84 amino acids of the mammalian hormones. Comparison of the avian and the mammalian hormones shows striking homology in the region of amino acids 1-32. The middle and carboxyl-terminal portions of chicken PTH, however, differ considerably from the mammalian hormones and include deletions of sequences conserved in mammalian PTH and insertions of novel peptide sequences. Comparison of the avian and mammalian structures suggests potential alterations of the mammalian sequences that may lead to altered bioactivity and/or hormone metabolism. PMID- 3251404 TI - Visual pattern discrimination at the neuronal and behavioral level: an electrophysiological study on the dorsal lateral geniculate body in freely moving cat. AB - Cats were trained in a go-no ga visual pattern discrimination task with parallel recordings of single unit activity from the dorsal lateral geniculate body (dLGB). The poststimulus time histograms (PSTHs) evoked by the two different visual patterns were compared for each unit. The go-stimulus, which was rewarded by food, evoked a longer lasting tonic like neuronal response in comparison to the responses evoked by the no go-stimulus which was not rewarded. No differences could be observed regarding the latencies of the first excitatory peak of the PSTHs. The results indicate a modulatory influence upon dLGB unit activity depending on the biological relevance of the stimulus. PMID- 3251403 TI - Differential recovery in measures of exploration/locomotion after a single dosage of reserpine in the rat. AB - Different aspects of exploration/locomotion were studied in rats injected with reserpine (4 mg/kg i.p.) once and in vehicle injected yoked controls. Fifteen different parameters were measured on 7 sessions - on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th, 15th and 21st postinjectiorn day. The difference scores (the value obtained from the control animal minus the corresponding value from the yoked reserpinized animal) were subjected to nonparametric analysis of variance across sessions. Of the 15 parameters only 6 revealed significant differences between sessions. Furthermore, for those six parameters which exhibited significant differences between sessions the recovery patterns revealed by differences between sessions were dissimilar. It is concluded that what is usually referred to as exploratianflocomotion must be considered apparatus- and procedure-specific and that the measures obtained in different studies should only be compared when identical procedures have been employed. In addition to the measures of exploration/locomotion the rats were subjected to a parallel series of active avoidance sessions in a shuttle-box. Comparing the reserpinized rats impaired active-avoidance aquisiticm to the recovery patterns in the exploratiodlocomotion tests, it can be tentatively concluded that the lack of recovery in the active avoidance test is not solely due to impaired motoric abilities. PMID- 3251405 TI - Apparent contrast of spatially and temporally sampled gratings. AB - We have measured the apparent contrast of spatially and temporally sampled gratings having the spatial frequency of 2, 4 and 8 c/deg. A contrast matching task was used in two different sampling conditions which allowed us to stimulate selectively the sustained and transient mechanisms in spatial and temporal vision. The results demonstrate the visual interpolation characteristics in the two domains and suggest a better response linearity for spatial than for temporal interpolation. The strongest nonlinear responses were obtained for temporally sampled medium spatial frequency gratings, suggesting separate temporal processing mechanisms for medium and high spatial frequencies PMID- 3251406 TI - Influence of hippocampal kindling on avoidance learning in cats. AB - The formation of avoidance response and differentiation was studied in 13 control and 7 kindled cats with developed hippocampal epileptic focus and complex partial or secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Conditioning sessions lasted from 15 to 20 min in a period following afterdischarges and seizures resulting from electrical stimulation of the hippocampal formation. In two out of seven kindled cats the conditioned reflex was established within time limits (9 and 20 days) comparable to the control cats. These two animals had relatively short-lasting afterdischarges (mean values: 17 and 19 s). In cats with longer-lasting afterdischarges and complex partial seizures (mean duration: 32 to 65 s, in different animals) criterion was not reached during parallel kindling conditioning stage of 10 to 30 days. The level of correct responses was low and variable (0-70 percent), despite typical reactions to the unconditioned stimuli and clear orienting responses to the conditioning stimuli on more advanced stages of training. Four kindled animals entered the stage of secondary generalization of seizures after hippocampal stimulation. Reflex performance after tonic-clonic seizures was practically abolished. The termination of kindling resulted in acquisition of the conditioned reflex in all the animals. The results indicate, that in animals with long-lasting complex partial seizures the learning of the avoidance response is impaired. In contrast to the effects exerted by afterdischarges and complex partial seizures, intensive interictal hippocampal spiking did not seem to have a direct negative influence on, this particular type of learning. PMID- 3251407 TI - Changes in hippocampal and cortical EEG after intraventricular administration of cholinolytics in rabbit and cat. AB - Effects of central (intraventricular) and peripheral (intraperitoneal or intravemus) injections of muscarinic cholinolytics: atropine sulphate, atropine nitrate and scopolamine hydrobromide, on hippocampal and neocortical EEG were compared in rabbits and in cats. Both salts of atropine might produce epileptic, electrical activity in the neocortex and in the hippocampus when they were administered intraventricularly in doses of 600 microgramm or more (rabbits) and in doses of 50-100 microgramm (cats). Scopolamine hydrobromide injected via the same route in similar doses was mot effective. The data suggest that the epileptic symptoms evoked by atropine are probably due to an action on a neuronal substrate common to both species used and that the action is mediated not through cholinergic, muscarinic receptors. PMID- 3251408 TI - Binocular and monocular tiltdiscrimination in the rabbit: evidence for hemispheric dominance? AB - Twenty eight rabbits were trained to discriminate striated patterns of different orientation, first binocularly, than with each eye separately. There was no evidence of systematic dominance of either the left or the right hemisphere. PMID- 3251409 TI - [Mastocytes in normal and inflamed gingiva related to the gingival index and electric potential]. PMID- 3251410 TI - [Hypodontia--prevalence and variations in orthodontic patients]. PMID- 3251411 TI - [A histological basis of stomatopyrosis in the postmenopausal period]. PMID- 3251412 TI - [Social aspects of orthodontic prevention of periodontal disease]. PMID- 3251413 TI - [Qualitative changes of the pulp and multiple electric measurement of the canal]. PMID- 3251414 TI - [Initial caries]. PMID- 3251415 TI - [Antibiotics in dentistry]. PMID- 3251416 TI - Mainstreaming and the deaf community. PMID- 3251418 TI - Metalinguistic abilities of young hearing-impaired children: performance on a judgment of synonymy task. PMID- 3251417 TI - Mother-infant interactive behaviors: impact of maternal deafness. PMID- 3251419 TI - The American Sign Language/English Studies Project: a progress report. PMID- 3251420 TI - New tests for identifying hearing-impaired students with visual perceptual deficits: relationship between deficits and ability to comprehend sign language. PMID- 3251421 TI - A comparison of parent and teacher nomination of gifted hearing-impaired students. PMID- 3251422 TI - Parental hearing status, reading comprehension skills and social-emotional adjustment. PMID- 3251423 TI - [Serial analysis of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with gastric cancer]. PMID- 3251424 TI - [Chemotherapy of liver abscess (II). Significance of the preoperative administration of amphotericin B based on concentration in the liver tissue]. PMID- 3251425 TI - [Chemotherapy for biliary tract infection (XXXIII). Tissue concentration of NY 198 in gallbladder, biliary excretion and clinical effects]. PMID- 3251426 TI - [Chemotherapy of biliary tract infection (35): Biliary excretion of cefteram pivoxil]. PMID- 3251428 TI - [38th meeting of the Japanese Society of Allergology. Kyoto, 26-28 September 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251429 TI - [Theoretical and practical inaccuracies in our standards for hot environments]. PMID- 3251427 TI - [Retrospective study of hemangioma of the liver in our department of surgery]. PMID- 3251430 TI - [Ventilatory function in aluminum extraction workers: a 4-year follow-up study]. PMID- 3251431 TI - [Respiratory and immunologic changes in tea workers]. PMID- 3251432 TI - [Capillaroscopic changes in workers occupationally exposed to ionizing and non ionizing radiation]. PMID- 3251433 TI - The effect of tetracyclines on the mobilization of fluoride. PMID- 3251434 TI - [Relation of hearing loss in wood cutters with the duration of power saw use]. PMID- 3251435 TI - [Detection of deviations from normal sitting and standing working posture in oral medicine workers]. PMID- 3251436 TI - [Reevaluation of work capacity in a sample of disabled pensioners in Croatia]. PMID- 3251437 TI - [Familial poisoning with the root of the plant, Scopolia carniolica Jacq]. PMID- 3251438 TI - [The significance of electrocardiographic study in experimental Chagas cardiopathy in rats]. PMID- 3251439 TI - [Evaluation of the ventricular cavity in patients with chronic Chagas cardiopathy using cineventriculography. III. Segmental motion during the systolic period]. PMID- 3251440 TI - [Ischemic heart disease with previous epicardial coronary arteries. Pathology of the heart arterioles]. PMID- 3251441 TI - [Parallel ultrafiltration in cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3251442 TI - [Left deviation of AQRS and mitral valve prolapse in childhood. Electro echocardiographic correlation in 28 cases]. PMID- 3251443 TI - [Myxoma of the left atrium: surgical and ultrastructural aspects. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3251444 TI - [Atrial flutter in newborn infants. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3251445 TI - [Shy-Drager syndrome. Report of 4 cases]. PMID- 3251446 TI - [Pericardial effusion due to pulmonary lymphangiectasis]. PMID- 3251447 TI - [Effects of dopamine and dobutamine on renal function in normal rats]. PMID- 3251448 TI - [ST segment depression in precordial derivations in acute myocardial infarction of the inferior wall]. PMID- 3251449 TI - [Ischemic heart disease with previous epicardial coronary arteries. The heart capillaries in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3251451 TI - [Evaluation of the severity of mitral valve stenosis]. PMID- 3251450 TI - [Correlation of the clinical aspects of the patient evaluated by functional class and left ventricular function in chronic aortic insufficiency. II. Stresses]. PMID- 3251452 TI - [Evaluation of the pressure gradient in mitral valve stenosis with pulsed two dimensional Doppler echocardiography]. PMID- 3251453 TI - [Coronaro-cavitary fistula. Contribution of Doppler color echocardiography to the diagnosis in the 1st year of life. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3251454 TI - [Interatrial defect secondary to metastatic melanoma. A case report]. PMID- 3251455 TI - [Selection of the mode of definitive artificial cardiac stimulation. Recommendations of the Committee of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Studies Groups of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology]. PMID- 3251456 TI - [Changes in the functional level of baroreceptors under the action of verapamil in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3251457 TI - [Pulmonary valvuloplasty]. PMID- 3251458 TI - [Ventricular circumferential stress and its telesystolic relations in ischemic heart disease. Simple alternatives for its evaluation]. PMID- 3251459 TI - [Diagnostic aspects of infective endocarditis in the elderly]. PMID- 3251460 TI - [Reliability of clinical and laboratory signs of recanalization in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3251461 TI - [Artificial pacemaker of VVI type with frequency response. Hemodynamic evaluation]. PMID- 3251462 TI - [Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis. A case report]. PMID- 3251463 TI - [Cardiac changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3251464 TI - [Two autopsy cases of cerebellar lesions found in excessive alcohol drinkers with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and pancreatic fibrosis]. PMID- 3251465 TI - [Relationship between reported flushing response and drinking pattern]. PMID- 3251466 TI - [Epidemiological research on drinking of women (Part 1). Drinking behavior of women]. PMID- 3251467 TI - [Synthesis and properties of DNA duplexes containing hydrocarbon bridges instead of a nucleoside residue]. AB - DNA duplexes 14 bp long containing an EcoRII and MvaI restriction site in which a nucleoside is substituted by 1,3-diaminopropane or 1,3-propanediol residue have been chemically synthesized. Diaminopropane bridge was introduced by the chemical ligation, whereas the oligonucleotide containing propanediol was prepared by automatic solid phase phosphoroamidite method on "Victoria-4M" synthesizer. As CD and UV spectra show, the modification destabilises the duplex by 18-20 degrees C without essential distortion of the double helix, except for increase of the conformational mobility in the modified site. PMID- 3251468 TI - [Localization of melted regions in supercoiled DNA by means of chemical modification]. AB - Diethyl pyrocarbonate was used as a probe in mapping early melting stages in supercoiled DNA. It was shown that in the process of early melting of pAO3 DNA two denatured regions (about 15 b.p.) arouse near the left and right boundaries of the cruciform structure. In course of further melting denatured regions appeared within AT-rich stretches and the cruciform structure itself disappeared. PMID- 3251469 TI - [Prognosis of asthma. In 1988 can we speak of a cure?]. PMID- 3251470 TI - Prions. PMID- 3251471 TI - Iatrogenic Buschke's disease (Michelin man syndrome) AB - Scleredema [corrected] adultorum as originally described by Buschke in 1900, is cutaneous thickening of unknown aetiology. Since then several cases have been reported which have illustrated different aspects of the disease but the exact aetiology, pathogenesis and prognosis remain uncertain. Disease of possible iatrogenic origin appears not to have been described previously. PMID- 3251472 TI - Electrocardiography update: 1988. PMID- 3251473 TI - Estrogen replacement therapy and protection from acute myocardial infarction. AB - As part of a longitudinal study of a southern California retirement community begun in June 1981, 8841 women 44 to 101 years old completed a health survey questionnaire. As of January 1, 1987, 1019 deaths had occurred among these women, who had contributed 40,919 years of follow-up. Women who had used estrogen replacement therapy had a relative risk of death due to all causes of 0.80 compared with women who had never used estrogens (p = 0.0005). Much of this reduced mortality rate was due to a marked reduction in the death rate of acute myocardial infarction among users of estrogen (55 deaths) compared with nonusers (94 deaths; relative risk = 0.59, p = 0.002). This lower acute myocardial infarction death rate was maintained even in the presence of other known risk factors for coronary artery disease. There was no substantial effect of dose or duration of estrogen use on risk, but the relatively small number of deaths limited our ability to estimate these effects accurately. Current users (those who were using estrogen at the time of the initial questionnaire) had a relative risk of 0.47 and past users had a risk of 0.62 compared with women who had never used estrogen (p = 0.003 for trend). A reduced hospitalization rate for acute myocardial infarction was similarly observed for estrogen users compared with nonusers (relative risk = 0.72, p = 0.03). PMID- 3251474 TI - Waveguide capillary flow cell for fluorometry. PMID- 3251476 TI - Small-fiber neuropathy determination: a reply. PMID- 3251475 TI - Deficit awareness and treatment performance among traumatic head injury adults. AB - Among a group of 45 severely head-injured clients in a post-acute rehabilitation programme, the clients' awareness of deficits and readiness to change are examined in relation to performance in treatment. Results lend qualified support to the hypothesis that head-injured clients who are aware of their deficits tend to have better treatment performance as rated by their therapists. Implications for measuring these constructs, matching treatment strategies to specific stages of change, and future investigation of the full application of these findings, are discussed. PMID- 3251477 TI - Polio outbreak in Algeria: epidemiological, virological and vaccinational aspects. AB - During a poliomyelitis outbreak (October 1983) in El Oued territory (Algeria) 28 cases were diagnosed. All the patients were under 4 years old. The ratio of females to males was 0.33. No deaths occurred during this epidemic. 25 of the 28 polio cases were diagnosed by cell culture and 81% were polio type 1. The epidemiological survey established that the epidemic was due to the insufficiency of vaccination coverage, since the consumption of antipolio vaccine in the epidemic area had dropped by 25% from 1982 to 1983. 7 of the 28 polio cases had been given at least 3 injections of vaccine at the correct intervals. 5 of 8 vaccine samples from the epidemic area had an insufficient titre of polio type 1. These observations showed that the nature of the vaccine, whether killed or live virus, was less important for controlling poliomyelitis than providing medical and sanitary facilities to ensure good vaccination coverage. PMID- 3251478 TI - Speaking out. Should nurses substitute for house staff? PMID- 3251479 TI - Evaluation of equipment modifications and dosage rates of ground ULV applications of naled against Aedes taeniorhynchus in a Florida citrus grove. AB - Efficiency of ground-applied naled (Dibrom 14), based on caged mosquito bioassays in a moderately vegetated coastal southeastern Florida citrus grove, proved to be significantly associated with downwind distance. However, association analysis between wind speed, temperature or relative humidity revealed no correlation between these meteorological factors and mosquito mortality. Tests conducted with 3 of the commonly used ULV machines demonstrated no significant differences in efficiency. Equipment modifications to simulate aerial application by elevating the spray release point proved ineffective. Increasing the dosage of naled to 3 times the labeled rate for ground treatment resulted in greater than 95% mortality. PMID- 3251480 TI - [Erythema chronicum migrans caused by Borrelia burgdorferi]. PMID- 3251481 TI - Safety education and training of Swedish farmer-loggers. PMID- 3251482 TI - [Bone reaction to hydroxyapatite implant]. PMID- 3251483 TI - [Induction of apical closure in devitalized teeth with open apices]. PMID- 3251484 TI - [Extent of the periodontal problem in a preschool and school population of greater Santiago, Chile, 1981]. PMID- 3251485 TI - [Intermediate antifilament antibody study of potentially malignant tumors of the parotid gland]. PMID- 3251486 TI - [Treatment of an intraosseous root fracture at the level of the cervical third]. PMID- 3251487 TI - [Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum from tooth extraction]. PMID- 3251488 TI - [Reliability and accuracy of 5 impression materials used in dentistry]. PMID- 3251489 TI - [Personal treatment using the N 2 method in canal obturation]. PMID- 3251490 TI - Autoantibodies to adrenal medullary and thyroid calcitonin cells in type I diabetes mellitus--a prospective study. AB - Autoantibodies to adrenal medulla that gave a diffuse immunofluorescent staining pattern were detected in 17 out of 107 (16%) patients with newly diagnosed Type I diabetes mellitus, in 13 out of 178 (7%) patients with long lasting disease but in none of 80 mixed control sera tested. The antibodies were of IgG class and 31 of the 33 positive sera also fixed complement. In 32 out of 34 cases, detection of the antibodies was correlated with the presence in the serum of pancreatic islet cell antibodies (ICA). The specificity of adrenal medullary antibodies is distinct from ICA and from C-cell antibodies since their reactivity was not abolished by preabsorption with extracts from human insulinoma or thyroid C-cell carcinoma. The presence in the serum of antibodies to adrenal medulla is not related to a functional defect of the adrenal medulla, but this new specificity indicates a further autoimmune reaction related to the natural history of Type I diabetes. PMID- 3251491 TI - Glomerular localization of circulating single-stranded DNA in mice. Dependence on the molecular weight of DNA. AB - Although it has been observed that DNA has a high binding affinity for the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in vitro, glomerular localization of DNA has not been demonstrated in vivo. To evaluate this possibility, after injection of 125I ssDNA of varying molecular weight (mol. wt.) to normal mice, we measured glomerular levels of DNA in vivo. Following administration of 2 mg of 125I high mol. wt. purified single stranded(ss) DNA (2-6 kilobases; 0.7-2.0 x 10(6)D) to normal mice, DNA was not detected in glomeruli, despite measurable blood levels of DNA for 72 h. In contrast, after injection of 280 micrograms of low mol. wt. 125ssDNA (160-200 bases; mol. wt. = 5.3-6.6 x 10(4)D) to normal mice, glomerular localization was observed throughout the 24-h study period despite relatively low 125IssDNA blood levels. The results of these studies indicate that free circulating DNA can bind to sites within glomeruli in vivo, and that the size of DNA is crucial for this interaction. Since low mol. wt. DNA is present in the plasma of patients with active lupus, these findings raise the possibility that DNA may bind to glomeruli and serve as a planted antigen for in situ immune complex formation with circulating anti-DNA antibodies. PMID- 3251492 TI - Cellular autoimmunity in psoriasis and lichen planus. AB - The objective of this investigation was to determine whether specific cellular recognition of the epidermis is associated with the human skin diseases, psoriasis and lichen planus. Epidermal cells (EC) obtained from biopsies of involved and uninvolved skin of patients with these diseases were used as stimulators and targets for autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in assays of three conventional manifestations of cellular immunity: lymphocyte transformation, leukocyte migration-inhibition and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Parallel tests were conducted with autologous PBMC as stimulators to ascertain the tissue specificity of the reactions evoked by autologous EC. Similar assays were conducted with EC and PBMC from a large group of normal subjects, and the results were compared to those of the dermatology patients by rigorous statistical analyses. No evidence of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity towards autologous EC was obtained with any of the subject groups, but autologous EC, and to a lesser extent PBMC, of the psoriasis patients, but not of the other two groups, evoked significant lymphocyte transformation. These results were obtained only with patients on Goeckerman therapy, raising the possibility that they were a manifestation of the treatment (topical coal-tar and ultraviolet light irradiation) rather than of the disease, although reasons are presented why this is unlikely. Clearer evidence of disease-associated autoimmunity was obtained in the leukocyte migration-inhibition assays, where autologous EC, and to a lesser extent, PBMC, of the psoriasis patients in general, not just those on Goeckerman therapy, and not those of the lichen planus patients or of the normal subjects, stimulated the release of a leukocyte migration-inhibition factor. These results support the concept of a central role for T-cell mediated autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. PMID- 3251493 TI - Selective alterations in cerebral metabolism within the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system produced by acute cocaine administration in rats. AB - The 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method was used to examine the effects of acute intravenous administration of cocaine on local cerebral glucose utilization in rats. These effects were correlated with the effects of cocaine on locomotor activity assessed simultaneously in the same animals. At the lowest dose of cocaine, 0.5 mg/kg (1.47 mumol/kg), alterations in glucose utilization were restricted to the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Metabolic activity at 1.0 mg/kg (2.9 mumol/kg) was altered in these structures, but in the substantia nigra reticulata and lateral habenula as well. The selectivity of cocaine's effects at low doses demonstrates the particular sensitivity of these structures to cocaine's actions in the brain. In contrast, 5.0 mg/kg (14.7 mumol/kg) produced widespread changes in glucose utilization, particularly in the extrapyramidal system. Only this dose significantly increased locomotor activity above levels in vehicle-treated controls. Rates of glucose utilization were positively correlated with locomotor activity in the globus pallidus, substantia nigra reticulata, and subthalamic nucleus, and negatively correlated in the lateral habenula. PMID- 3251494 TI - Increased REM sleep in rats selectively bred for cholinergic hyperactivity. AB - We have examined the sleep profile of the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) of rats, which were selectively bred for supersensitive responsivity to an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (DFP). These animals have an increased density of muscarinic receptors in striatum and hippocampus and display a number of behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics that may represent a rodent analogue of clinical depression. A continuous 48-hour sleep EEG recording was obtained. Compared to control rats (the Flinders Resistant Line), the FSL rats had selectively more rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep as a percentage of total sleep time. In addition, the REM sleep latency was significantly shorter and the REM-REM cycle length was significantly faster in the FSL than in the FRL strain. The two strains did not differ in total sleep time, drowsy sleep, or slow-wave sleep. The increased REM sleep in the FSL rats is consistent with the amassed evidence that cholinergic mechanisms selectively promote REM sleep, and suggests that the FSL rats may be useful in understanding the mechanism responsible for short REM latency in depression and narcolepsy. PMID- 3251495 TI - Neuroleptic-induced hypothermia associated with amelioration of psychosis in schizophrenia. AB - Body temperature is a regulatory function of the hypothalamus. Recently, DeMet et al. (Society for Neuroscience Abstracts Vol 12, 1986) reported that apomorphine stimulation of dopamine autoreceptors caused a significant decrease in metabolic rate in the posterior heat-conserving area of the hypothalamus. The logical hypothesis to follow is that apomorphine administration should induce a decrement in body temperature; this in fact was demonstrated by Cutler et al. (Commun Psychopharmacol 3:375-382, 1979) in humans. It is well known that neuroleptics also disrupt thermoregulation (Clark: Neurosci Biobehav Rev 3:179-231, 1979) and affect dopamine autoreceptors. Therefore, eight chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenics underwent a 6-week single-blind trial of haloperidol and then a subsequent 6-week double-blind trial of clozapine. Both haloperidol and clozapine significantly lowered oral body temperatures relative to baseline washout temperatures. More interestingly, clozapine relative to haloperidol was found to induce a greater decrement in body temperature and was associated with greater clinical improvement. Possible confounding variables are discussed, as is the possible neurochemical basis for the amelioration of psychosis associated with hypothermia. PMID- 3251496 TI - The specificity of the dexamethasone suppression test in endogenous depressive patients. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificity of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) for endogenous depression. Between July 1983 and June 1985 we collected 51 cases of endogenous depression (including 16 bipolar disorder, depressed, and 35 major depression with melancholia), 36 cases of schizophrenia (including 14 with depression and 22 without depression), 19 cases of borderline disorder with depression, 16 cases of dysthymic disorder, and 20 normal volunteers. The sensitivity of the DST in the endogenous depression group was 62.7%, which was significantly higher than that of the schizophrenic group (36.1%), the borderline disorder with depression group (31.6%), and the control group (11.1%) (including dysthymic disorder patients and normal volunteers) (X2 = 24.48, df = 3, p less than 0.001). However, the specificity of the DST was 63.9%, 68.4%, and 88.9% when the endogenous depression group was compared with the other three groups, respectively. To differentiate endogenous depression from other mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, borderline disorder), such critical variables as patient history and clinical symptoms may be more valuable. Many factors that were reported to be related with DST were discussed. PMID- 3251497 TI - The effects of phenylpropanolamine on human sympathetic nervous system function. AB - Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathomimetic agent, very similar in structure to amphetamine. In the United States, it is present in over 130 medications, primarily anorectic agents and cough and cold remedies, many available without a prescription. The effects of PPA on blood pressure (BP) remain controversial and its mechanisms of action unknown. We studied acute (1 and 2 hours) and 2-week effects of a daily dose of 75 mg of sustained release PPA administered to 14 normal volunteers. Measurements of heart rate, BP, and plasma catecholamines (CA) were made with the subject in the supine and standing positions, and upon gripping a hand dynamometer for 5 minutes. Although systolic BP across all postures and sampling times was significantly higher when subjects were taking PPA in comparison to placebo (F = 5.95, p = 0.03), in no subject did the increase in BP reach hypertensive or clinically significant levels and no substantial changes in CA levels were found. Our study population was relatively young and normotensive; even such a small BP increase may pose greater problems for hypertensive, obese subjects likely to be users of diet aids. Strenuous isometric exercise did not cause any greater increase in BP or CA after subjects took PPA versus placebo. PPA blood levels 24 hours after the last of 14 daily doses were similar to levels 1 and 2 hours after an initial dose. We conclude from these data that recommended doses of PPA have only minimal sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and cardiovascular effects in young, healthy, normotensive populations at the times and dose studied. PMID- 3251499 TI - Rheostat and cybernetic issues. PMID- 3251498 TI - Serotonin uptake in panic disorder and agoraphobia. AB - Because of reports of reduced serotonin uptake in depression and the frequent association between panic disorder and depression, this study was designed to assess the neurobiologic relationship between panic disorder and depression. Platelet serotonin uptake studies were done on 47 patients with panic disorder, 17 patients with primary major depression, and 15 healthy volunteers. The authors found that the rate of uptake of serotonin to platelets (Bmax) was significantly lower in both the depressed and panic disorder groups than the healthy control group. The panic disorder patients with a present or past history of major depression had slightly higher values than the panic disorder patients without such a history. PMID- 3251500 TI - Dopamine as a mediator of a central stabilizing system. PMID- 3251501 TI - Plasma 10-hydroxynortriptyline and therapeutic response in geriatric depression. AB - Geriatric inpatients with major depression received nortriptyline for 4 weeks. Plasma E-10-hydroxynortriptyline concentrations were correlated positively with residual Hamilton depression ratings and negatively with changes in ratings. PMID- 3251502 TI - Supersensitivity to melatonin suppression by light in young people at high risk for affective disorder. A preliminary report. AB - Affective illness aggregates in families and appears to be heritable. Bipolar affective patients have been found to be supersensitive to the suppressive effect of light on the nocturnal secretion of melatonin, both in ill and well states. We tested young people aged 15 to 25 years with one manic-depressive parent (n = 18), major affective disorder on both sides of the family (n = 7), and age matched controls (n = 20). The subjects in the high-risk groups were more likely to show supersensitivity in melatonin response to light at night than controls. Follow-up studies are necessary to assess the predictive value of this response. PMID- 3251503 TI - The use of triazolam in phase-advanced sleep. AB - The need for optimal nocturnal performance continues to increase in our society. Nighttime function is dependent upon the ability to sleep effectively during the day. The current study examined daytime sleep after placebo, 0.125 mg (364 nmol), 0.25 mg (729 nmol), or 0.50 mg (1458 nmol) of triazolam, and nocturnal performance in the work shift that followed. Forty-one normal young adult subjects participated in a repeated-measures design in which each subject received each medication dose level in a separate week. The results indicated that day sleep increased as a linear function of drug dose from 234 to 374 minutes. Nocturnal alertness, as measured by subjective report and objective nap latency test, increased significantly following the use of triazolam, 0.25 and 0.50 mg, for the day sleep period. Nocturnal performance, as measured by auditory vigilance and additions, also increased significantly following the use of triazolam. Marginal evidence for medication hangover was found at the 0.50-mg dose, and it was therefore recommended that the use of the 0.50-mg dose be monitored carefully if performance demand were to follow medication use by less than 12 hours. The results for the study were interpreted as indicating that under certain conditions, triazolam could effectively increase daytime sleep and improve alertness and performance in the following nocturnal work period. PMID- 3251504 TI - Diurnal variation in fentanyl-induced hormone responses and side effects. AB - The prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) secretory response to the opioid agonist fentanyl (0.1 mg IV) was investigated with serial blood sampling in ten healthy women at 9 AM and 9 PM on different days. In five subjects saline control trials were also performed. A repeated-measures analysis of variance yielded a highly significant effect of fentanyl administration both on PRL and TSH secretion. In every case there were elevated hormone responses in the evening, and more drug-related subjective symptoms were reported at this time than before noon. These findings indicate a diurnal variation of opioid responsiveness, with lower sensitivity in the morning. PMID- 3251505 TI - Delusional depression and bipolar spectrum: evidence for a possible association from a family study of children. AB - Recent pedigree studies demonstrating a possible linkage of bipolar disorder to markers on different chromosomes have included family members with major depression and cyclothymia as affected. There is general agreement that cyclothymia is related to bipolar disorder and that major depression is heterogenous. It is unclear which subtype of major depression is related to bipolar disorder. Data suggesting a relationship between delusional subtype of major depression and bipolar spectrum are presented. The data derive from a direct-interview study of 220 offspring (ages 6 to 23 years) of probands with either delusional or nondelusional major depression and normal controls. The children of delusional as contrasted with nondelusional probands had nearly a threefold increase in cyclothymia, were more often described by health professionals as hyperactive, and had increased school and social impairments. These findings in children replicate earlier findings in adults on the possible relationship between delusional depression and bipolar disorder and its spectrum. The findings must be considered tentative, however, because of the small sample of children in the subgroups of interest. PMID- 3251506 TI - Decreased slow-wave sleep and enlarged lateral ventricles in schizophrenia. AB - All-night electroencephalogram measures were evaluated against computed tomography scan measures, negative symptoms, and premorbid personality assessment in ten drug-free male schizophrenic patients. Computed tomography scan measures included ventricle brain ratio, cortical atrophy, and width of the third ventricle. Decreased stage-4 sleep was associated with enlarged VBR, poor premorbid functioning, and negative symptoms. Size of the VBR accounted for 58.5% of the variance in stage-4 sleep. Brain atrophy was associated with longer sleep latency but with less arousals once the patients were asleep. Rapid-eye-movement measures did not correlate significantly with any of the variables examined. Our data suggest that decreased slow-wave sleep and ventricle size are associated in schizophrenia. PMID- 3251507 TI - Increased daytime sleepiness enhances ethanol's sedative effects. AB - Thirty healthy men, 21 to 35 years old, received either 8.7, 13.0 or 17.4 mmol/kg (0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 g/kg) ethanol after 8 hours time in bed (TIB), one night of 5 hours TIB, and four nights of 5 hours TIB. Ethanol, administered as 80-proof vodka mixed 1:4 with tonic water, was consumed over 30 minutes (0900 to 0930 hours). Sleep latency was measured at 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 hours using standard sleep laboratory methodology. Breath ethanol concentration (BEC) was determined prior to each latency test. Mean latency to sleep on the four tests decreased from day 1 (8 hours TIB) to day 5 (fourth day of 5 hours TIB). On day 1 mean latency after 8.7 mmol/kg differed from that after 17.4 mmol/kg, with the 13.0 mmol/kg latency intermediate between the other two. On day 2 and day 5 during sleep restriction these dose differences were diminished. Latency on day 5 after 8.7 mmol/kg was similar to that of 13.0 mmol/kg on day 2, which was similar to that of 17.4 mmol/kg on day 1. The BEC did not change from day 1 to day 5 and significant dose differences between each dose remained consistent from day to day. These data show that increased basal levels of sleepiness enhance ethanol's sedative effects for even moderate ethanol doses. PMID- 3251508 TI - Partial reversal of the iminodipropionitrile-induced hyperkinetic syndrome in rats by alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). AB - Rats were treated with the neurotoxin iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), which causes an irreversible movement disorder accompanied by axonal damage similar to that seen in vitamin E deficiency. Animals that received 2 g/kg vitamin E concurrently with 100 mg/kg IDPN for 10 days demonstrated a significantly reduced severity of IDPN-induced dyskinesia (as measured by vertical head movements) compared to animals that received IDPN alone. When animals were treated with 100 mg/kg IDPN for 10 days and then given either 2 g/kg vitamin E or an equivalent volume of sesame oil for 7 days, vitamin E produced a significant reduction in the severity of IDPN-induced dyskinesia. In both experiments, locomotor activity was unchanged by vitamin E. These data suggest a possible involvement of free radical formation in the neurotoxicity of IDPN. PMID- 3251509 TI - Vocalization accompanying emotional-aversive response induced by carbachol in the cat. Reproducibility and dose-response study. AB - Vocalization induced by injections of carbachol into the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic area is regarded as an index of emotional behavior and offers a useful measure of emotional expression. Reproducibility and dose dependence of the carbachol-induced vocalization, however, have not previously been systematically studied. The present study showed that the magnitude of vocalization was dose-dependent within the range of eight doses and increased in a 20-fold range from 0.5 to 10.0 micrograms, reaching its maximal plateau between 10.0 and 20.0 micrograms. Higher doses (20.0 to 80.0 micrograms) caused a decline of the vocalization. In contrast, the magnitude of vocalization was reproducible for eight injections of the same dose (10.0 micrograms). The carbachol-induced responses were decreased by repeated injections of high dosage or large volume of carbachol solution, and were reversed by atropine. The present results support the suggestion that carbachol-induced vocalization may serve as a measurable model for studying emotional behavior. PMID- 3251510 TI - Effects of propranolol on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to mental arithmetic in type A men. AB - beta-Adrenergic hyperreactivity has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism of increased coronary risk in Type A individuals. This study compared the effects of propranolol, diazepam, and placebo on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to a stressful cognitive task in six young Type A males. Although diazepam did not differ from placebo, propranolol attenuated heart rate and norepinephrine responses and enhanced cortisol responses to the task. Findings suggest that propranolol has reciprocal effects on the norepinephrine and cortisol components of the "fight-flight" response. Possible central nervous system mechanisms are described. PMID- 3251511 TI - [Evaluation of root canal seal]. PMID- 3251512 TI - [Gorlin-Goltz syndrome. Report of a familial case]. PMID- 3251513 TI - [Pregnancy granuloma. Report of a case]. PMID- 3251514 TI - [Dental caries. Importance during pregnancy]. PMID- 3251515 TI - [The effect of citric acid on new attachment of flaps in periodontal surgery]. PMID- 3251516 TI - [Implantation of hydroxyapatite for augmentation of atrophic alveolar ridges]. PMID- 3251517 TI - [Intraoral vertical subsigmoidal osteotomy (report of 110 cases)]. PMID- 3251518 TI - [Photoradiometry]. PMID- 3251520 TI - First day treatment times for breast tangential fields. PMID- 3251519 TI - [Evolutionary aspects of human dentition]. PMID- 3251521 TI - Treatment planning using images of regret. AB - The lack of well-defined criteria for evaluating alternative treatment plans introduces a degree of subjectivity into the planning process. The complexity of conventional isodose charts causes further difficulty in making rapid and reliable evaluations of a plan. An objective method is described, using a prescription file to define the clinician's requirements in terms of the area of each organ which may be treated to predefined tolerance doses. The computer program OSCAR then compares the predicted dose distribution with the prescribed limits, and displays regions of noncompliance as colored "areas of regret." In addition, score functions are used to provide a quantitative measure of the acceptability of dose distributions within the target and each organ at risk. An example is described in which a plan for the treatment of ca esophagus is evaluated using both images of regret and score functions. PMID- 3251522 TI - An analysis of some dosimetric uncertainties in radiation therapy. AB - A phenomenological analysis of the effect of several parameters on the precision of delivered dose is presented; experimental data are used to demonstrate the effect of these parameters on the delivered dose. It is shown that some setups possess inherently better precision than others; the need for strict quality control during patient treatment is supported by the data. PMID- 3251523 TI - Modification to the side rails of a manufacturer's couch. AB - A new version of a manufacturer's couch no longer has rails that span the length of each side of the couch. Modification of the original couch to include a spinal section and a stretched mylar top have split this rail into three sections. The gaps between these sections have been fitted with interlocking bars that can readily be removed. By this means, the usefulness of the earlier model couch in terms of attaching treatment devices and aids to any part of the side has been restored, while at the same time not interfering with the demands of the new, multipurpose couch. PMID- 3251524 TI - Rectal and oesophageal treatment by the Selectron High Dose Rate afterloader. AB - Rectal and oesophageal intracavitary treatments have been administered by the Selectron High Dose Rate afterloader. The treatment time is of the order of a few minutes which makes the use of a high dose rate advantageous as compared to medium and low dose rate procedures. Localizing techniques as well as dosimetry are discussed. PMID- 3251525 TI - Procedure for intraperitoneal P-32 administration. AB - Details of the Intraperitoneal P-32 administration are presented. Rationale, general instructions, technique, infusion of P-32, orders and Radiation Safety instructions are discussed. PMID- 3251526 TI - Nuclear regulatory commission report. PMID- 3251527 TI - A universal angle indicator. PMID- 3251528 TI - Human milk-derived fortifiers. PMID- 3251529 TI - The risk of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins in human milk. AB - Recently, the news media have reported the presence of the carcinogenic compounds commonly called dioxins in human milk. Based on published Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) levels, the amounts of dioxins in human milk are below the level shown to have any toxic effect in test animals, but above the level recommended by the EPA as safe. PMID- 3251531 TI - Reimbursement for lactation consultants: it is not a matter of greed. PMID- 3251530 TI - Beyond the issue of accuracy: evaluating patient education materials for breastfeeding mothers. PMID- 3251532 TI - International code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes. Part one of a series. PMID- 3251533 TI - Are there enough clients to go around? PMID- 3251534 TI - Quality assurance and effective nursing leadership. PMID- 3251535 TI - Commenting editorially: nursing diagnosis. PMID- 3251536 TI - Informed consent: the nurse's responsibility. PMID- 3251537 TI - Cultivating management stature in staff RNs. PMID- 3251538 TI - Cancer in men. PMID- 3251539 TI - Pericardial effusion with tamponade: relief for the symptomatic patient. PMID- 3251540 TI - Symptom management and quality of life. PMID- 3251541 TI - Management of cancer-related fatigue. PMID- 3251542 TI - [I. Migration of elements from pesticides into plants]. PMID- 3251543 TI - [III. Trace elements in cigarettes]. PMID- 3251544 TI - [Detection of endotoxin-producer strains of Staphylococcus aureus in the prevention of toxic food infections]. PMID- 3251545 TI - Compounds with potential antitumor activity--note VIII: 1-alkyl-N,N'-di (1,3,4 thiadiazol-2-yl)methylenediamines. PMID- 3251546 TI - [Purification and properties of NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase from bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria]. AB - An electrophoretically homogeneous preparation of mitochondrial NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase with a specific activity of 155 u./mg and a 67% yield has been obtained, using ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration through Toyopearl HW-55 F, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650 M and affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose 4B. The molecular mass of native malate dehydrogenase is 260 kD; Mr of the SDS-treated enzyme is 61 kD, which is suggestive of a tetrameric structure of the protein. Malate dehydrogenase is active only in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+, but not Ca2+ or Ba2+. The Km' values for Mn2+ and Mg2+ are 50 and 66 microM, respectively. At low malate concentrations and NADP saturation, the enzyme is characterized by a sigmoidal kinetics which changes to hyperbolic at low concentrations of NADP. The Lineweaver--Burk plots for the dependence of the initial reaction rate on the concentration of one substrate at several fixed concentrations of the other substrate intersect to the left of the B-axis. NADPH competes with NADP:pyruvate inhibits malate dehydrogenase ++noncompetitively with respect to the coenzyme. NADPH and pyruvate inhibit the malate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction via a mixed type mechanism with respect to malate. The data obtained are consistent with a consecutive mechanism of reaction, whose first substrate is NADP and the last product is NADPH. PMID- 3251547 TI - [Effect of phosphopantothenate on the biosynthesis of cholesterol and its esters from various precursors in the liver of db/db mice]. AB - It was found that in the livers of db/db mice with hyperinsulinemia, obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes the rates of cholesterol biosynthesis from pyruvate and, to a lesser extent, from acetate and mevalonate as well as of cholesterol ester biosynthesis from pyruvate (but not from acetate and mevalonate) are increased. Presumably, the observed changes are mediated by structural alterations in the CoA reserves, i.e., increase of free CoA to short chain acyl-CoA and free CoA to long-chain fatty acyl-CoA indices, and of the ratio between enzymatic activities of generation and utilization of NADPH. Treatment of db/db mice with phosphopantothenate, besides eliciting changes in the CoA reserves structure towards normalization and inhibition of NADP-dependent dehydrogenases and pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes, causes the diminution of cholesterol and its ester levels in the liver in the absence of any conspicuous changes in the rates of their biosynthesis from pyruvate. PMID- 3251548 TI - [A covalently linked complex of cytochrome P-450 with adrenodoxin. Localization of the adrenodoxin binding site of cytochrome P-450]. AB - Cytochrome P-450scc and adrenodoxin were cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3 dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. The sample containing 94% of a cross-linked complex and 6% of free cytochrome P-450scc was obtained after purification on cholate-Sepharose. Cytochrome P-450scc in the cross-linked complex is not reduced in the presence of NADPH and adrenodoxin reductase, but completely preserves its high spin form in the presence of Tween-20 or pregnenolone. The use of radioactive labelled adrenodoxin, chemical cleavage of cytochrome P-450scc from the cross-linked complex by o-iodosobenzoic acid and HPLC for separation of peptides demonstrated that the cytochrome P-450scc complex with adrenodoxin was cross-linked through two amino acid sequences of cytochrome P-450scc, i.e., Leu 88-Trp108 and Leu368-Trp417. PMID- 3251550 TI - [Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to horseradish peroxidase]. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to horseradish peroxidase were obtained. The interaction of two antibody clones with the enzyme was studied. Antibodies of one clone were found to inhibit the enzyme activity during the oxidation of 2.2'-azinobis-(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) diammonium salt and the cooxidation of luminol and luciferin. The latter was concomitant with a complete inhibition of the peroxidase activity. The values of binding constants as determined by the solid phase immunoenzymatic and homogeneous methods are equal to (1.2 +/- 0.5).10(8) M 1 and (1.8 +/- 0.2).10(11) M-1, respectively. PMID- 3251549 TI - [Degree of structural homology of lactoferrins from milk and neutrophilic granulocytes]. AB - Some physico-chemical properties of human and pig lactoferrins from milk and neutrophilic granulocytes were compared. It was shown that the lactoferrins from different cell and tissue sources of the same species (humans or pigs) are identical in terms of electrophoretic mobility, molecular weight, iron-binding capacity, absorbance spectra, amino acid and sugar compositions and peptide maps. Human and pig lactoferrins show a high degree of structural homology (approximately 50%), but are immunochemically different. PMID- 3251551 TI - [Study of the age-related features of the structural state of rat liver cell chromatin using micrococcal nuclease and circular dichroism]. AB - The structural state of liver cell chromatin of young (6 months-old) and aged rats was evaluated, using circular dichroism and DNA hydrolysis by micrococcal nuclease. It was found that the chromatin condensation ratio in active and non active fractions increased upon ageing. The length of the DNA nucleosomal repeat did not change upon ageing in either chromatin fraction. An elevated chromatin condensation ratio was observed in aged rats both for the unfolded nucleosome chain and the supernucleosomal structures. The mechanisms of age-related increase in the chromatin compactization ratio at different levels of organization and in dissimilarly active fractions are different. It was suggested that the age related differences in the degree of compactization may stimulate a decrease of the transcriptional activity of liver cell nuclei upon ageing. PMID- 3251552 TI - [Interaction of angiotensin analogs and fragments with rat adrenal cell receptors]. AB - The binding of some modified angiotensin (AT) analogs and fragments to isolated rat adrenal glomerular cells was studied by radioreceptor analysis with a view of clarifying the role of C- and N-terminal amino acids in the binding of AT molecules to cell receptors. It was demonstrated that Arg2 and Val3 residues are of great importance for effective binding of the AT molecule to cell receptors. The presence of a free C-terminal carboxylic group in position 8 in the vicinity of the bulky lipophilic residue is a necessary condition for this process. The Asp and Asn residues located in position 1 of the AT molecule are not essential for the binding of the hormone molecule to adrenal cell receptors. PMID- 3251553 TI - [Change in the composition of phospholipids and antioxidative activity of lipids of mouse organs after administration of adriamycin]. AB - The phospholipid composition and the antioxidative activity (AOA) of lipids from liver, heart and brain of F1(CBA X C57Bl) mice change significantly after intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin (7 mg/kg). All tissues studied are characterized by a drastic fall in the phosphatidylethanolamine (PEA) content and the AOA of lipids with a minimum on the 2nd-4th days and a subsequent return to normal values on the 10th-14th days. These results are consistent with the hypothesis on the intensification of adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation and the predominant expenditure of readily oxidized phospholipids, including PEA. PMID- 3251554 TI - [Rat liver energetics according to data of 31P-NMR in extreme states of the processes of biosynthesis of proteins and nucleic acids]. AB - The dynamics of phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, Pi, ATP, ADP, NAD(H+) and uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) levels in rat liver upon sharp oscillations in the rates of protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis induced by a sublethal++ dose of cycloheximide was studied, using the 31P-NMR method. The results obtained with preparations of native liver are unaffected by fractionation, homogenization and chemical extraction procedures. It was demonstrated that oscillations of Pi, ATP and UDPG levels in liver cells reflect the changes in the energy consumption and intracellular energy-linked processes (e.g., glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, glycogen synthesis and consumption) under conditions of variable macromolecular synthesis rates. The oscillations in phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters levels are mainly due to cycloheximide-induced lipid metabolism disturbances. PMID- 3251555 TI - [Stimulation of DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei of rat liver cells by neutral Mn dependent DNase of chromatin]. AB - It was demonstrated that neutral Mn-dependent DNAase from rat liver chromatin stimulates the incorporation of labeled precursors of DNA into high molecular weight fractions of isolated nuclear DNA. The effects of DNA-polymerase inhibitors and the properties of DNA synthesis products suggest that neutral Mn dependent DNAase can induce replicative synthesis of DNA in the nuclei of normal and regenerating rat liver. PMID- 3251556 TI - [Change in the level of casein mRNA in the mammary gland of rats and goats during lactation]. AB - Cloned cDNAs for three distinct casein mRNAs (alpha s1-, beta- and chi) were used to determine the levels of individual mRNAs in total cell RNA preparations from both rat mammary glands in the course of natural lactation cycle and goat mammary glands at the most important lactation stages. Two maxima of active rat mRNA synthesis were shown to be closely associated with the particular developmental features of the progeny. A negative correlation between rat alpha s1-, and beta casein mRNA levels was found. The length of goat casein mRNA was relatively increased at certain periods of the lactation cycle. The possible regulation mechanisms for the control of casein gene expression are discussed. PMID- 3251557 TI - The determinants of the non-motoric CNV in a complex, variable foreperiod, information processing paradigm. AB - The aim of the present study was to examine the determinants of the non-motoric CNV or E-wave elicited in a complex, variable foreperiod information processing task. Subjects were required to determine whether two sets of tones, one set presented back-to-back (S1/S2), the other separated by a variable foreperiod (S3/S4), were either matching or mismatching. Data were collected over two recording sessions; a baseline and an experimental run. The experimental session comprised three conditions; a match, a mismatch and no-response conditions. Mean amplitude and factor score comparisons showed the parietally-dominant E-wave to be dependent on the task relevance of the stimulus which it precedes. Differing midline distributions for the negative afterwave and the E-wave with increased processing requirements was taken to suggest that the two responses reflect functionally distinct phenomena. PMID- 3251559 TI - The true P3 is hard to see: some comments on Kok's (1986) paper on degraded stimuli. AB - Kok (1986) investigated why P3 amplitudes are reduced when stimuli are degraded. He proposed that a positive moment-related component might overlap P3 after intact stimuli and a negative one after degraded stimuli ("MRP overlap" hypothesis). Discussing his findings, it is suggested that MRP overlap can only account for the result if another overlap hypothesis ("nogo overlap") is added. But even this combined hypothesis cannot explain reducing effects of degradation found in other paradigms. While other overlap hypotheses have been proposed in the literature, the most parsimonious hypothesis is to assume that P3 itself gets smaller after degraded stimuli. PMID- 3251558 TI - The N2 component elicited by stimulus matches and multiple targets. AB - This paper examines two methodological issues concerning the N2 component of human event-related potentials. The first issue concerns the circumstance that the most common way to obtain N2 in discrimination tasks is with an infrequent deviant stimulus that mismatches a frequent, standard stimulus. In these studies it is not possible to disentangle the effects of stimulus probability and stimulus mismatch on N2. In the present study it was found that, if two stimuli regularly alternate, N2 is elicited by infrequent repetitions of either stimulus. Thus, N2 is elicited by infrequent stimulus matches as well as infrequent stimulus mismatches. The second issue concerns the effect of stimulus probability on N2. Whereas previous research has established that the amplitude of N2 is inversely related to stimulus probability, the present study found that the number of possible targets in a visual discrimination task also has effects on N2 amplitude, with the overall probability of targets kept constant. Increasing the number of targets was associated with an increase in the duration of N2 and a differential enhancement of N2 at fronto-central as opposed to posterior-lateral recording sites. The latter results provide further evidence for the existence of two visual N2 components and tentative grounds for differentiating N2 from N400. PMID- 3251560 TI - Overlap between P300 and movement-related-potentials: a response to Verleger. AB - In reply to Verleger's commentary, I first clarify what the term "MRP overlap" implies; by means of a simple additive simulation it is shown that overlap between a stable P300 and a MRP that moves in time with reaction-time, may cause two types of artefacts--amplitude reduction and double peaking of P300. Following Verleger's suggestion, it is then argued that the effects of stimulus-degradation on P300 amplitude in our experiments was, at least in part, due to overlap with negative components of the MRP (in the go-intact condition), and with positive CNV return (in the nogo-intact condition). It is concluded that MRP overlap is not only an artefact but also a useful index of motor-preparation in reaction tasks, and that more refined methods should be developed in future research for accurate estimation of MRP overlap in stimulus-locked ERP waveforms. PMID- 3251561 TI - Comparator theories of habituation: a comment on Mackintosh's analysis. PMID- 3251562 TI - Comparator theories of habituation: a reply. AB - Studies of habituation have provided little evidence that requires the postulation of a comparator theory. The most problematic data for the alternative, dual-process theory, are those from studies of stimulus omission. But although consistent with some versions of comparator theory, the best documented cases may be open to a configural explanation and do not support the most fully worked out version of such a theory, that proposed by Wagner. PMID- 3251563 TI - A new method for the determination of equilibrium constants through binding capacity measurements. AB - The recent discovery of the negligible contribution of the triply ligated species to the oxygenation process of human hemoglobin A0 (S.J. Gill, E. Di Cera, M.L. Doyle, G.A. Bishop and C.H. Robert, Biochemistry 26 (1987) 3995) has pointed out the high precision of differential binding measurements. These measurements closely approximate the binding capacity (E. Di Cera, S.J. Gill and J. Wyman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (1988) 449) of the system and can be used to calculate higher derivatives of the binding curve. We develop here a new method for the determination of equilibrium constants through binding capacity measurements by which the physical parameters expressing the optical properties of the system are eliminated in the data analysis. PMID- 3251564 TI - High-frequency ultrasonic absorption spectroscopy on aqueous suspensions of phospholipid bilayer vesicles. AB - Between 1 MHz and 3 GHz the ultrasonic absorption coefficient has been precisely measured as a function of frequency for some aqueous suspensions of single-walled phospholipid bilayer vesicles. All solutions of the specially purified phospholipids clearly show excess absorption, reflecting three molecular relaxation processes with discrete relaxation times. Typical values for these times are 50, 3 and 0.5 ns. The attempt is made to relate these relaxation processes to mechanisms of rotational isomerization in the hydrocarbon chains. Some other molecular mechanisms which could also contribute to the ultrasonic excess absorption spectra are also briefly discussed. PMID- 3251565 TI - pH dependence of electrostatic interaction between ion-penetrable membranes. AB - A theory on the electrostatic repulsion between ion-penetrable membranes proposed previously by us is extended by taking into account the degree of dissociation of the membrane-fixed ionizable groups. A system of equations which determines the pH dependence of the membrane interaction is presented. The density of membrane fixed charges is consistently determined as a function of the electric potential so that both the membrane-fixed charge density and the potential are not constant but functions of the membrane separation. The pH at the surface of interacting membranes is also calculated as a function of the membrane separation. PMID- 3251566 TI - Dispersion of tertiary structures for an ensemble of primary sequences at an externally induced transition of correlation regimes. AB - We consider the denaturation of globular regimes for an ensemble of random polymer sequences with long-range interactions, constituting a quenched disorder. The sensitivity of thermally averaged configurational correlations to primary sequences is shown to reach a maximum at the coil-globule transition. PMID- 3251567 TI - Lifetime distributions and anisotropy decays of indole fluorescence in cyclohexane/ethanol mixtures by frequency-domain fluorometry. AB - We used frequency-domain fluorometry to measure intensity and anisotropy decay of indole fluorescence in cyclohexane/ethanol mixtures at 20 degrees C. In 100% cyclohexane or 100% ethanol the intensity decay of indole appears to be a single exponential with decay times of 7.66 and 4.10 ns, respectively. In cyclohexane containing a small percentage of ethanol (up to 10%), we observed increased heterogeneity in intensity decay, resulting in a 10-fold increase in chi 2R for the single-exponential fit, as compared with the double-exponential model. We obtained comparable or better fits using unimodal Lorentzian and Gaussian lifetime distributions (two floating parameters) than for the two-exponential model (three floating parameters). We believe that the distribution of decay times reflects a range of indole solvation states in the dominately nonpolar solutions. This result suggests that a variety of hydrogen-bonding configurations could be one origin of the distributions of decay times observed for tryptophan emission from proteins. We also measured rotational diffusion of indole in cyclohexane, ethanol and its mixtures at 20 degrees C. The picosecond correlation times required that the mean decay times be decreased by acrylamide quenching (in ethanol) or energy transfer (in cyclohexane). In ethanol we observed nearly isotropic rotation of indole; in cyclohexane we obtained two correlation times of 17 and 73 ps. The shorter correlation time in cyclohexane appears to be due to the slip boundary condition, which was found to be progressively eliminated by small percentages of ethanol. Hence, hydrogen-bonding interactions appear to have a substantial effect on the rotational dynamics of indole. PMID- 3251568 TI - Time-resolved emission spectra of hemoglobin on the picosecond time scale. AB - We used front-face illumination to examine the steady-state and time-resolved emission from the intrinsic tryptophan emission of human hemoglobin (Hb). Experimental conditions were identified which eliminated all contributions of scattered light. The sensitivity obtained using front-face optics was adequate to allow measurement of the wavelength-dependent frequency response of the emission to 2 GHz. The intensity decays displayed pico- and nanosecond components in the emission at all wavelengths from 315 to 380 nm. The contribution of the picosecond component decreased from 72 to 37% over this range of wavelengths. Frequency-domain measurements were used to calculate the time-resolved emission spectra and decay-associated emission spectra. These spectra indicate that the picosecond components of the emission display maxima near 320 nm, whereas the nanosecond components are centered at longer wavelengths near 335 nm. The nanosecond components appear to be due to residual impurities which remain even in highly purified samples of Hb. However, we cannot eliminate the possibility that some of these components are due to Hb itself. PMID- 3251569 TI - Sequence-dependent emission from stacked forms of ApC and CpA. Evidence for stacked base ('dimer') absorption and left-handed stacked conformation. AB - The corrected and normalised emission spectrum, quantum yield and emission anisotropy are reported for partially stacked adenylyl-3',5'-cytidine (ApC) excited at 266 nm and are compared with cytidylyl-3',5'-adenosine (CpA). Utilizing characteristics determined independently for adenosine and cytidine-5' monophosphate (CMP), the concurrent self-consistent resolution of emission spectrum and emission anisotropy has been carried out in two ways; first completely empirically as for CpA and second on the basis of a simple stacking model, with concordant results. The total emission spectrum of ApC is resolved into (i) components characteristic of the two monomers and (ii) a red-shifted complex emission. The complex emission spectrum, which is much stronger than from CpA and is complementary to it in bandshape, can also be satisfactorily described by the same components. The dimeric (A, C) system can exist in at least two luminescent stacked forms, proportions of which are determined by the overall stacked fraction and the population within this fraction of the various stacked conformers. The relation between the ratios of the components and the fractional absorption of the stacked forms indicates that the low-energy component is a (hetero-) dimer emission while the high energy component appears to be a true exciplex (hetero-excimer). Comparison with the circular dichroism and NMR literature shows a satisfactory semi-quantitative correlation with the hypothesis that the low energy (hetero-) dimer emission originates from a left-handed stacked conformation Mbb, while the higher energy hetero-excimer originates from the predominant right-handed stacked conformation Pba. PMID- 3251570 TI - The friction constants of bundle-like particles in solution. AB - In our previous experimental work the following was found: an I-Z-I particle, having a bundle-like macromolecule composed of many thin filaments of actin, had a much larger rotational friction constant than that of a single sarcomere having a more compact bundle-like structure composed of not only actin but also myosin filaments. In this paper, the reason for such a large friction constant of I-Z-I is elucidated by a simple theory (based on the Helmholtz principle in hydrodynamics) in terms of the solvent permeability through the particles. It is demonstrated that if the filaments on the bundle surface are composed of flexible segments, each of which has a local Brownian rotation, the solvent-flow along the surface is strongly depressed because of increased energy dissipation and the solvent permeates through the bundle. The large friction constant of an I-Z-I is suggested to be due to this effect. This situation is very different from that of a single sarcomere without flexible filaments on the surface. PMID- 3251571 TI - Conformational properties of a polyglycine chain with secondary and tertiary structures of lysozyme. AB - Unperturbed dimension mean value of r2(0), dipole moment mean value of mu2, mean squared optical anisotropy mean value of gamma 2 and molar Kerr mean value of mK constant of a polyglycine chain with the secondary and tertiary structures of lysozyme have been calculated and the results compared with polyglycine chains with the same number of repeat units but different conformations including alpha helix, beta-sheet or random coil. Thus, the influence of secondary and tertiary structures can be investigated. The results obtained show that for mean value of r2 and mean value of gamma 2 this influence is at least of the same order of magnitude as that of the primary structure, and is much greater for mean value of mu 2 and mean value of mK. PMID- 3251572 TI - Dielectric behavior of polyelectrolytes. VI. Dynamic response of cylindrical biopolymers to electric fields. AB - The time dependence of the orientation of a cylindrical biopolymer and the configuration of its counterion complement in the presence of an external electric field is found by solving a model forced diffusion equation. The solution is a high temperature expansion in the external field strength and is used to predict the nature of the dielectric relaxation and the dynamic Kerr effect for such systems. Specific application is made to the dynamic Kerr effect of a DNA oligomer for which experimental data appear in the literature. The analysis yields a value for the surface diffusion coefficient of a sodium ion on DNA at 20 degrees C of 3.8 x 10(-10) m2 s-1. PMID- 3251573 TI - Conformational dynamics of cytochalasin B in solution as detected by 13C and 1H NMR relaxation rates. AB - 13C and 1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation rates have been measured for cytochalasin B in [2H]6DMSO. Motional features have been interpreted in terms of nearly isotropic reorientation of the whole molecule with few additional internal motions. The 'isotropic' reorientational correlation time was evaluated at 0.21 ns at room temperature. By using selective and double-selective excitation techniques, relevant cross-relaxation terms have been obtained wherefrom proton proton distances have been calculated. A Dreiding model of the 'preferred' conformation in solution has been built, yielding evidence of a strong similarity between solution and solid state structures of cytochalasin B. PMID- 3251574 TI - A theoretical model of DNA curvature. AB - Distortions from the uniform idealized B-DNA structure are investigated in terms of differential interactions between adjacent nucleotide pairs on the basis of conformational energy calculations. A theoretical model of DNA curvature is proposed based on the evaluation of the curvature vector defined in the complex plane and the corresponding variance. The model appears to contain the basic physical features for translating the deterministic fluctuations of DNA sequences in superstructure elements. It allows the quantitative reproduction of all the available gel electrophoresis experiments on both periodical polynucleotides and tracts of DNAs as well as the theoretical prediction of the sequence dependent DNA writhing in good agreement with the experimental data. The general pattern of agreement between the theoretical and experimental data and the biological significance of the results obtained allow an extensive application of the model for the screening of DNA regions which are possible candidates for protein recognition. PMID- 3251575 TI - Modulation of the afferent input to the septal neurons by cholinergic drugs. AB - The effects of cholinergic drugs upon the evoked activity of extracellularly recorded neurons of the medial septal nucleus-nucleus of the diagonal band (MS-DB complex) were tested in unanesthetized rabbits. Electrical stimulation of MFB resulted in entrainment of the background theta-cycles in the neurons with strong rhythmic discharge (types I and II). Phase-locking of the background theta-cycles to the stimulus occurred 'by the burst', or 'by the pause' within the theta-range of frequencies (3-12 Hz). Single-spike responses, following up to 30 Hz and more, were also evoked by MFB stimulation, especially in the cells with weak theta modulation (type III) or without it (type IV). Injection of physostigmine increased background theta-modulation of neuronal activity and simultaneously blocked or diminished responses to repetitive MFB stimulation in 82% of the MS-DB units, independent of their type of response. Driving of theta-cycles both 'by the burst' and 'by the pause' was ineffective or drastically reduced. Single spike responses disappeared or became unstable, though their minimal latencies did not change. Initial inhibitory responses were blocked or became significantly shorter. Antimuscarinic drugs, scopolamine and atropine, which abolished theta modulation in many MS-DB units, restored responses and sometimes enhanced them. Repetitive stimulation of the MFB in this condition was effective up to the high frequencies, well beyond the theta-range. Thus, the majority of the MS-DB units did not respond to the afferent stimuli during prominent theta-activity evoked by physostigmine. The role of the septal cholinergic system in gating of afferent input during the theta-state and its importance for learning and memory is suggested. PMID- 3251576 TI - Hypothalamic regulation of histidyl-proline diketopiperazine binding sites in the rat liver. AB - The effects of hypothalamic hormones and electrolytic lesioning of the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMH) on histidyl-proline diketopiperazine (cyclo(His-Pro] binding in the rat liver were studied. VMH-lesioning markedly decreased cyclo(His-Pro) binding in the liver. Scatchard analysis revealed that the loss of cyclo(His-Pro) binding induced by VMH lesioning was due to a decrease in the number and affinity of binding sites. Somatostatin (SS) administration decreased cyclo(His-Pro) binding. The SS-induced changes in cyclo(His-Pro) binding were due to changes in the binding affinity. On the other hand, the administration of TRH or LH-RH did not affect cyclo(His-Pro) binding in the liver, although cyclo(His-Pro) has been proposed to be a metabolite of TRH. These findings suggest that the hypothalamus may regulate the cyclo(His-Pro) binding sites in the liver probably by controlling pancreatic SS secretion, since a VMH lesion is reported to cause hypersecretion of pancreatic SS. PMID- 3251577 TI - Modulation of locomotor activity induced by injections of carbachol into the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus and adjacent areas in the rat. AB - The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a major component of the mesencephalic locomotor region. There is little known, however, about neurotransmitters in the PPN associated with locomotor activity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible modulatory effect of the cholinergic system on locomotion. The effects of application of carbachol (CCh) into the PPN on locomotor activity of freely moving rats were studied. Unilateral injections of CCh into the PPN decreased spontaneous locomotor activity of rats. On the other hand, an increase in locomotor activity resulted from CCh injections into sites surrounding the PPN. These CCh-induced changes in locomotion were no longer observed after pretreatment of the PPN with atropine. Locomotor activity induced by injections of amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens was also reduced to control levels by ipsilateral injections of CCh into the PPn, whereas contralateral injections of CCh were ineffective. The results suggest that the muscarinic cholinergic system has a modulatory influence on locomotor activity presumably by affecting PPN cells involved in relaying locomotion-associated signals. The PPN receives signals from higher structures involved in initiation of locomotion while the muscarinic system seems to play a role in attenuation or inhibition of locomotor behaviour. PMID- 3251578 TI - The rate of Wallerian degeneration in the absence of immunoglobulins. A study in chick and mouse peripheral nerve. AB - Sciatic nerves undergoing Wallerian degeneration are subject to massive invasion by monocytes bearing Fc receptors. The present experiments were done to explore the potential role of the Fc receptors. The effect of suppressed immunoglobulin levels on the rate of Wallerian degeneration was studied in the n. medioulnaris of the chick and in murine sciatic nerve. In the avian model, total immunoglobulin production was eliminated by bursectomy. The mice were injected after birth with antibodies against IgM, causing a selective reduction of immunoglobulin M levels. Myelin degeneration was measured in both groups by computer-assisted line sampling and corrected for intrafascicular edema. In both models, there were only minor differences with the controls. Immunoglobulins, accordingly, do not seem to play a significant role in the efficiency of myelin phagocytosis by monocytes during Wallerian degeneration. The study also includes data on the degree and the distribution of edema in nerves undergoing Wallerian degeneration. PMID- 3251579 TI - Neurotoxic lesions of the dorsolateral pontomesencephalic tegmentum-cholinergic cell area in the cat. I. Effects upon the cholinergic innervation of the brain. AB - Kainic acid was injected bilaterally (4.8 micrograms in 1.2 microliter each side) into the dorsolateral pontomesencephalic tegmentum of cats in order to destroy cholinergic cells which are located within the pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT), laterodorsal tegmental (LDT), parabrachial (PB), and locus ceruleus (LC) nuclei in this species. The neurotoxic lesions resulted in the destruction of the majority (approximately 60%) of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive neurons and a minority (approximately 35%) of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive neurons, as well as in the destruction of other chemically unidentified neurons, in the region. The effects of these lesions upon the cholinergic innervation of the brain were investigated by comparison of brains with and without lesions which were processed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) silver, copper thiocholine histochemistry and ChAT radio-immunohistochemistry. In the forebrain, a major and significant decrease in AChE staining, measured by microdensitometry, and associated with a decrease in ChAT immunoreactivity was found in certain thalamic nuclei, including the dorsal lateral geniculate, lateral posterior, pulvinar, intralaminar, mediodorsal and reticular nuclei. All of these nuclei receive a rich cholinergic innervation evident in both AChE histochemistry and ChAT immunohistochemistry. No significant difference in AChE staining or ChAT immunoreactivity was detected in other thalamic nuclei or in the subthalamus, hypothalamus or basal forebrain. In the brainstem, a significant decrease of AChE staining and ChAT immunoreactivity was found in the superior colliculus and the medullary reticular formation, where ChAT-immunoreactive fibers were moderately dense in the normal animal. These results indicate that the pontomesencephalic cholinergic neurons may influence the forebrain by major projections to the thalamus, involving both relay and non-specific thalamocortical projection systems, and thus act as an integral component of the ascending reticular system. They may influence the brainstem by projections onto deep tectal neurons and other reticular neurons, notably those in the medullary reticular formation, and thus also affect bulbar and bulbospinal systems. PMID- 3251580 TI - Quantitative studies on proliferative changes of reactive astrocytes in mouse cerebral cortex. AB - Cell number and proliferation of reactive astrocytes were studied quantitatively in the stabbed cerebral cortex of adult mice, using immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and [3H]thymidine autoradiography. GFAP positive astrocytes increased in cell number gradually from 24 to 96 h after stabbing, and their immunoreactivity became intense. The maximum number of GFAP positive cells was about 4.5 times normal in the layers II-VI of the cortex, whereas it was only 1.5 times normal in the layer I (molecular layer). In contrast to the gradual increase in cell number, no GFAP-positive astrocytes were labeled with [3H]thymidine prior to 48 h after stabbing, in either the layer I or the layers II-VI. Then 3-5% of them were labeled at 72 and 96 h, but very few again after 6 days. By injecting [3H]thymidine successively for 6 days after stabbing, only 17% of GFAP-positive astrocytes of the layer I or the layers II-VI were labeled. These results reveal that, in the cortical layers II-VI, many GFAP negative source cells initially express much more GFAP-antigen without proliferation and change into GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes. Proliferation of reactive astrocytes is not the major factor for the marked increase in number of them. The cortical layer I would have few GFAP-negative source cells for reactive astrocytes. These source cells may be protoplasmic astrocytes. PMID- 3251581 TI - Reaction time and nigrostriatal dopamine function: the effects of age and practice. AB - Normal aged and Parkinsonian individuals lose the ability to initiate movements rapidly (increased reaction time) in parallel with changes in the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system. However, the ability of these individuals to improve their reaction time with practice has not been adequately assessed. We have developed a rodent model of human reaction time in which reaction time performance correlates highly with neurochemical measures of nigrostriatal DA integrity. In the present report, 15 young and 10 old male Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned in a reaction time task to release a lever quickly in response to external stimuli in order to avoid a mild footshock. In order to examine the effects of practice on this reaction time task, the young animals were tested for 5 days at 3, 6 and 9 months of age and the old animals were tested for 5 days at 18, 21, and 24 months of age. From this well-practiced task, reaction time response latencies were measured and compared to measures of nigrostriatal DA function (steady-state levels of DA and its metabolites, D2DA receptor affinity and density). The old animals were slower in response latencies than the young animals. These age differences in response latencies, however, disappeared after several days of testing at each of the 3 test sessions, so that the old animals were not significantly slower than the young animals on days 4 and 5 of each session. As expected, the old animals showed reduced striatal D2DA receptor density with no age differences in DA receptor affinity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3251582 TI - Activation of mesencephalic dopamine neurons by chemical stimulation of the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta. AB - Unilateral stereotaxic microinjection of a small amount of kainic acid (KA) into the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta (TPC) of male Wistar rats produced constant ipsiversive circling behavior. The rate of the TPC-derived circling was significantly attenuated by blocking agents of dopamine systems, including haloperidol and alpha-methyl-tyrosine (both injected intraperitoneally) and also 6-hydroxydopamine (injected into the bilateral medial forebrain bundles). Administration of norepinephrine antagonists (phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride and DL-propranolol) had no effect on the rate of the TPC-derived circling. Bilateral preinjections of atropine sulfate into the ventral midbrain tegmentum, including the ventral tegmental area and the pars compacta of the substantia nigra, significantly attenuated the rate of the circling. The unilateral KA injection into the TPC dramatically increased the ratio of HVA + DOPAC/dopamine, an indicator of dopamine turnover, in the nucleus accumbens as well as in the striatum bilaterally. The increase of the ratio in the nucleus accumbens was selectively suppressed by pretreatment with atropine sulfate administered into the bilateral ventral midbrain tegmentum. These facts indicate: (1) the TPC-derived circling behavior is mediated by the dopamine system, (2) the chemical stimulation of TPC by KA might produce an activation of midbrain dopamine neurons by excitatory TPC efferents to the dopamine neurons and enhance the dopamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens as well as in the striatum, (3) the excitatory TPC efferents may be muscarinic cholinergic in accordance with previous reports. PMID- 3251583 TI - Laminar distribution of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, Area 17 and Area 18 of the visual cortex, and the superior colliculus of the cat. AB - The laminar distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was studied in certain structures of the visual system of the adult cat. A microassay method to measure GABA (10(-12) mol) was established using enzymatic cycling of NADP-NADPH. In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, GABA concentration was highest in lamina A (average concentration 23 mmol/kg dry weight) and lowest in lamina C. In the visual cortex (Areas 17 and 18), the concentration of GABA was 10-12 mmol/kg dry weight in layers I-IV and 5-8 mmol/kg dry weight in layers V and VI. No significant difference was found in the GABA distribution in Areas 17 and 18. In the superior colliculus, the highest level of GABA was found in the upper part of the superficial gray layer (40 mmol/kg dry weight), whereas the deep layers contained GABA at a concentration of 23-28 mmol/kg dry weight. The results of the GABA distribution measurements revealed an orderly, layer-specific disposition of the neurotransmitter in the cat visual system. GABA may play an important role in the function of the visual system. PMID- 3251584 TI - A horseradish peroxidase study of the central projections of primary trigeminal neurons innervating the hard palate in the cat. AB - The central projections of primary sensory neurons innervating the hard palate in the cat were studied by transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP). Following injection of WGA-HRP in the incisive papilla terminal labeling was observed in all subdivisions of the sensory trigeminal nuclear complex. In the main sensory nucleus labeling was located in the dorsal part, especially in its most rostral portion. At the levels of nuclei oralis and interpolaris labeling was observed along the medial borders of the nuclei. In addition, at these levels distinct terminal labeling was located in patches within the trigeminal tract. In nucleus caudalis terminal labeling was confined to laminae I, II and V of the most rostral part of the nucleus. Some terminal labeling was observed also in the mid part of the solitary tract nucleus. After WGA-HRP injection in the posterior part of the hard palate a similar labeling pattern was found, but no labeling was observed in the solitary tract nucleus. The results in general indicate a relatively diffuse somatotopic organization of primary afferents innervating the palate. However, the somatotopic organization of palatine afferents within nucleus caudalis is at least partly consistent with the view that the central representation of the oral cavity is rotated 90 degrees to that of extraoral areas. PMID- 3251585 TI - Stressful environmental stimuli increase extracellular DOPAC levels in the prefrontal cortex of hypoemotional (Roman high-avoidance) but not hyperemotional (Roman low-avoidance) rats. An in vivo voltammetric study. AB - The effects of a variety of stressful environmental situations on dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex (as assessed by in vivo voltammetry with carbon fiber electrodes) have been compared in two genetically selected lines of rat (Roman high (RHA/Verh) and low (RLA/Verh) avoidance) which differ drastically in their level of emotionality. Heart rate was continuously monitored in these animals (via chronically implanted subcutaneous electrodes) so as to index the emotional reaction to the stressors. An electrochemical signal corresponding to the oxidation of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was recorded in the deeper laminae of the anteromedial prefrontal cortex in both lines of rats. Under normal conditions, this signal was stable for at least 4 h and its amplitude was similar in both lines. Introduction of the animals into an unfamiliar environment (30 min), application of a mild tail pinch (10 min) or of a high-intensity loud noise (30 min) or immobilization (20 min) were all associated with an increase in extracellular cortical DOPAC levels in the hypoemotional RHA/Verh line but not in the hyperemotional RLA/Verh line. Similarly, forced locomotion on a rotarod (40 min) provoked a dramatic increase in the amplitude of the cortical DOPAC oxidation peak in RHA/Verh rats and only a mild increase in this parameter in RLA/Verh rats. In RHA/Verh rats, tolerance to this increase was observed when animals were subjected to forced locomotion every day for 5 days. All of the stressful situations investigated provoked an immediate augmentation of heart rate which resumed gradually after cessation of the stressful stimulus; the magnitude and duration of this increase were much greater in RLA/Verh than in RHA/Verh rats. Moreover, in all stress situations, RLA/Verh but not RHA/Verh rats showed behavioral signs of emotional response e.g. defecation, freezing and self grooming. It is concluded that the increase in cortical dopamine metabolism induced by stress is not connected to the emotional reaction caused by the aversive nature of the stressor but may rather reflect a heightened attention of the animal or activation of cognitive processes in an attempt to cope with the stressor. PMID- 3251586 TI - Plasticity of intra-amygdaloid connections following the denervation of fibers from accessory olfactory bulb to medial amygdaloid nucleus in adult rat: immunohistochemical study of anterogradely transported lectin (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin). AB - The rearrangement of the terminations of intra-amygdaloid fibers was examined in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (MAN) following denervation of the fibers from the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of adult rat using immunohistochemistry of anterogradely transported lectin (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, PHA-L). The AOB was removed unilaterally by suction at two months before the PHA-L injection. The PHA-L was injected bilaterally into the posteromedial region of the amygdala (posteromedial amygdaloid nucleus and amygdala-hippocampal transitional area). After the tissue was processed by the routine immunohistochemical method, the immunologically labeled axons and axon terminals in the MAN were observed with the light microscope. On the control side, labeled axons were observed in the cellular part of the MAN, but they were not found in the molecular layer in which the fibers from the accessory olfactory bulb terminate. On the side of the AOB removal, the labeled axons were found not only in the cellular part but also in the molecular layer. Electron microscopic observations showed that the labeled axon terminals made synaptic contacts in the molecular layer. These results indicate that terminals of intra-amygdaloid fibers expand from the cellular part to the molecular layer in the MAN and make synaptic contacts in this layer following the denervation of the AOB fibers. PMID- 3251587 TI - Cerebral glucose utilization after administration of apamin, a toxin active on Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. AB - The quantitative 2-[14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique was used to examine the effects of acute intravenous administration of apamin, a bee venom toxin specific for one class of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels on brain energy metabolism. With doses of 0.5 mg/kg, the effects of apamin on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) were limited to the habenulo-interpeduncular tract and the interpeduncular nucleus. After a 1.0 mg/kg dose, significant increases in rates of energy metabolism were additionally seen in two other limbic structures, the medial habenula and the lacunosum molecular of Ammon's horn as well as in the auditory cortex. Thirty minutes after the injection of 2 mg/kg apamin, LCGU was significantly decreased in the frontoparietal motor area, globus pallidus and accumbens nucleus. Ninety minutes after 2 mg/kg of the toxin, the average glucose utilization of the brain as a whole was enhanced by 35%, and rates of energy metabolism were significantly increased in 50 out of the 75 areas examined. The effects of apamin on cerebral glucose utilization are not totally related to the distribution of apamin binding sites. However, high densities of apamin binding sites are found in the habenulo-interpeduncular tract and the interpeduncular nucleus, the limbic areas that are highly affected by the toxin at the LCGU level. PMID- 3251588 TI - Responses of spinal cord neurons following stimulation of A beta femoral saphenous venous afferent fibers. AB - A population of large (A beta) afferents is known to have endings in the wall of the femoral-saphenous vein. These afferents project to the lower lumbar spinal cord. The purpose of the present study was to identify, localize, and characterize spinal neurons that receive inputs from such afferents. Responses of 50 neurons in the L6 spinal cord segment of decerebrate-spinal cats or intact cats anesthetized using alpha-chloralose were recorded following electrical stimulation of these afferents. Observations were also made on the convergence of muscle and cutaneous afferent inputs onto neurons driven by stimulation of afferents terminating in the femoral-saphenous vein. All recording sites were marked either by intracellularly staining the element characterized with HRP or by extracellularly iontophoresing a small quantity of this tracer. The cells were driven for long durations (mean of 51.5 ms, S.E.M. of 10.0) by single-shock stimulation of femoral-saphenous venous afferents. The recording sites were located in Rexed's laminae IV-VIII and X. Eight of the 50 neurons were activated by venous afferent stimulation at latencies equal to or shorter than that of the first negative wave of the cord dorsum potential; these units were driven at a mean latency of 1.4 ms (S.E.M. of 0.25) following the arrival of the afferent volley at the cord and were assumed to receive monosynaptic, or at least relatively direct, inputs from the primary afferents. Most of these cells (6 of 8) were located in lamina V. The majority of the neurons studied (37 of 50) were activated at latencies longer than 3 ms following the arrival of the afferent volley at the cord; about half (19 of 37) of those activated at longer latencies were located in lamina VII, and the rest were scattered among the other laminae. Twenty-eight of 40 venous afferent-driven cells tested could also be activated by electrical stimulation of either the posterior tibial or sural nerve. In general, the stimulation intensities necessary to activate the neurons were only sufficient to excite large (A alpha or A beta) muscle and cutaneous afferents. Neurons receiving the shortest latency inputs from the femoral-saphenous vein were less likely to receive convergent inputs from muscle or skin than were neurons activated by venous afferents at longer latency. PMID- 3251589 TI - Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive neurons in the human olfactory bulb. AB - Neuropeptide Y-like (NPY) immunoreactivity was localized in the adult human olfactory bulb by the unlabeled antibody enzyme (peroxidase anti-peroxidase; PAP) technique in vibratome sections. The majority of NPY-immunoreactive somata was localized in the white matter surrounding the anterior olfactory nucleus. Immunoreactive neurons were less numerous within the anterior olfactory nucleus and within the olfactory bulb layers. NPY-immunoreactive fibres were present in the white matter, the anterior olfactory nucleus, and in the olfactory bulb layers. Fibres within the white matter were generally aligned in a straight path parallel to the long axis of the olfactory bulb and tract. Fibres within the anterior olfactory nucleus showed no clear orientation and displayed numerous branching points. Coiled plexus of NPY-immunoreactive fibres were present in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. Additional characteristics of the NPY immunoreactive neurons were studied after decolouring the chromogen and restaining the sections with aldehydefuchsin to demonstrate the presence of lipofuscin granules and also with gallocyanin chrome alum to stain the Nissl substance. This analysis showed that the neurons belong to the class of non pigmented nerve cells. PMID- 3251590 TI - Excitatory effects of cholecystokinin in rat hippocampus: pharmacological response compatible with 'central'- or B-type CCK receptors. AB - The effects of the sulfated octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK8-S), the non sulfated homolog (CCK8-NS) as well as the C-terminal di-, tri- and tetrapeptidic fragments (respectively CCK2, CCK3 and CCK4) were studied in vitro in rat hippocampal slices by extracellular recording of the spontaneous action potential discharge frequency of neurons located in the CA1 stratum pyramidalis. Bath applied CCK8-S concentration-dependently increased the action potential discharge frequency of hippocampal CA1-neurons in concentrations ranging from 0.05 to above 1 microM. Both CCK8-NS and CCK4 exhibited reversible and concentration-dependent excitatory effects. They were 4 and 10 times less potent than CCK8-S, respectively, as concentrations of 2 microM CCK8-NS and 5 microM CCK4 were needed to evoke the same excitation as that induced for a given neuron by 0.5 microM CCK8-S. In contrast, none of the shorter fragments (CCK2 and CCK3) were effective in altering spontaneous discharge of CCK8-S-sensitive neurons even at concentrations of 100 microM. The pharmacologic profile of the excitatory response observed in the rat hippocampus follows the same pattern as the binding profile observed on brain membrane preparations. It is therefore concluded that the CCK receptors involved in this response seem to be related more to the 'central'- or B-type CCK receptors rather than to the 'peripheral'- or A-type CCK receptors. PMID- 3251591 TI - Amiloride inhibition of responses of rat single chorda tympani fibers to chemical and electrical tongue stimulations. AB - Amiloride inhibition of single fiber responses of the rat chorda tympani to ionic chemical and electrical tongue stimulations was studied. Amiloride reduced responses to both chemical and electrical stimulations with NaCl or LiCl in most of the single fibers. However, the magnitude of reduction of the response by amiloride varied among the fibers and was greater for chemical than electrical stimulation with NaCl in each fiber. Thirty-two single fibers were divided into two groups, such as 18 high (HAS) and 14 low amiloride-sensitive (LAS) fibers. Percent responses (control, 100%) of the former group to chemical stimulus with NaCl after amiloride ranged from 1.1 to 42.5%, while those of the latter from 72.8 to 108.0%. In HAS fibers, amiloride also reduced responses to KCl and CaCl2, but to a smaller degree than those to NaCl and LiCl. Fifteen out of 18 HAS fibers more strongly responded to a chemical stimulus with 0.1 M NaCl than 0.01 M HCl, while the opposite was true for 13 out of 14 LAS fibers, although the threshold concentration for NaCl was rather lower in LAS fibers than in HAS fibers. These results suggest that there exist at least two different receptor mechanisms for NaCl or LiCl which are amiloride-sensitive and -insensitive, and the observed differences in relative specificities to ionic taste stimuli and sensitivities to amiloride among rat chorda tympani fibers are possibly due to a disproportional distribution of these two receptors. PMID- 3251592 TI - Relationship between analgesia and cardiovascular changes induced by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray matter in the rat. AB - Analgesia and cardiovascular changes produced by electrical stimulation of the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter were examined in the lightly pentobarbital anesthetized rat. The current intensity required to elicit analgesia was first determined, using the tail-flick test, after which the effects on arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded from stimulating at the same intensity. Intensity thresholds for decreases and/or increases in arterial pressure were also ascertained at the same sites. Although stimulation at the analgesia threshold produced increases in arterial pressure at more than 60% of the sites within the periaqueductal gray, decreases, no change, and mixed responses were also observed. Below the periaqueductal gray, increases in arterial pressure occurred at analgesia threshold for more than 70% of the sites studied, and no cardiovascular changes were found for 20% of the sites. Above the periaqueductal gray, no change and mixed responses were the predominant effects at analgesia threshold. A correlation across sites within the periaqueductal gray was found between the threshold for stimulation-produced analgesia and the threshold for a change in arterial pressure. No reliable alterations in heart rate were observed at any stimulation site. These results are in agreement with the existence of a common midbrain substrate for both the regulation of pain inhibition and cardiovascular function. However, they indicate that analgesia resulting from stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter does not necessarily occur concurrently with an increase in arterial pressure. PMID- 3251593 TI - Carbachol-induced EEG 'theta' in hippocampal formation slices: evidence for a third generator of theta in CA3c area. AB - The topography of carbachol-induced EEG theta activity was studied using the hippocampal formation slice preparation. Systematic tracking with electrodes exhibited two amplitude maxima of cholinergic-induced theta, one located in the stratum oriens of the CA1 pyramidal cells and the other in a region of CA3c pyramidal neurons. In addition, mapping experiments demonstrated EEG theta in the CA3a and CA3b cell body layers, but not in the subicular and parasubicular regions, or the ventral blade of the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, transected slice (trans-slice) preparations used in the present study revealed that the CA3c region could generate carbachol-induced theta independently of CA1 and dentate gyrus generator zones and conversely, CA1 and dentate gyrus areas were capable of generating cholinergic-induced theta rhythm independently of the CA3c region. These results provide strong evidence for 3 independent, anatomically separated generators of theta: one located in the stratum oriens of CA1 neurons, a second in the stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus and a third one in the region of Ca3c cells. In addition, the results support previous in vivo suggestions that theta rhythm can be either elicited or blocked by cholinergic agents acting on sites within the hippocampal formation. PMID- 3251594 TI - Neocortical and hippocampal electrical activity following decapitation in the rat. AB - It has been debated whether or not decapitation of conscious animals is a humane procedure. This problem may be clarified on the basis of recent research that has indicated that neocortical low voltage fast activity (LVFA) and hippocampal rhythmical slow activity (RSA) can result from activity in either the cholinergic corticipetal projections from the basal forebrain or the serotonergic corticipetal projections from the brainstem. These inputs appear to produce, respectively, atropine-sensitive LVFA and RSA and atropine-resistant LVFA and RSA. In waking animals, atropine-resistant LVFA and RSA occur only in close correlation with motor activities such as spontaneous changes in posture, walking or struggling (Type 1 behavior). Painful stimuli readily elicit both Type 1 behavior and LVFA and RSA in atropine-treated rats. Atropine-sensitive LVFA and RSA may occur in anesthetized as well as in conscious animals, but atropine resistant LVFA and RSA are generally absent during anesthesia. In the experiments reported here, rats were decapitated: (1) in the normal waking state; (2) after pretreatment with atropine or scopolamine; or (3) following induction of anesthesia with ethyl ether. Clear hippocampal RSA and neocortical LVFA were observed in conditions 1 and 3 but not in condition 2. It is concluded: (A) that atropine-sensitive LVFA and RSA are not good indices of conscious perception of pain since these waveforms occur during anesthesia as well as in the waking state; and (B) that the cerebral reaction to decapitation does not resemble the usual cerebral reaction to painful stimuli. This is consistent with the view that decapitation is not inhumane. PMID- 3251595 TI - Stizolobic acid, a competitive antagonist of the quisqualate-type receptor at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. AB - Stizolobic acid and stizolobinic acid are amino acids isolated from a plant, Stizolobium hassjoo. Both amino acids reduced responses to glutamate and quisqualate in a competitive manner at the crayfish neuromuscular junction, without affecting responses to GABA and acromelic acid. Excitatory junctional potentials were decreased in the presence of stizolobic or stizolobinic acid in a concentration dependent manner. Stizolobinic acid was about 5 times less potent than stizolobic acid. PMID- 3251596 TI - Apomorphine markedly potentiates naltrexone-induced hypodipsia in the rat. AB - This article describes the effects of apomorphine on naltrexone-induced decreases in water intake of the rat deprived of water for 24 h. Apomorphine alone at reasonable doses (0.03, 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) failed to affect water intake of the rat, but a higher dose (3.0 mg/kg) abolished water intake completely, accompanied by marked stereotypy. Naltrexone (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent reduction in water intake. A 0.3-mg/kg dose of apomorphine which is considered to activate preferentially presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors enhanced markedly naltrexone (1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg)-induced decreases in water intake. Only apomorphine at 1.0 mg/kg caused a significant prolongation of the latency to start drinking. Apomorphine (0.3 mg/kg), naltrexone (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) or their combinations did not produce a marked effect on locomotor activity in the rat. These results suggest that apomorphine is capable of potentiating naltrexone-induced decreases in water intake through the mediation of presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors without causing motor dysfunction. PMID- 3251597 TI - Measurement of the intracellular calcium concentration in guinea-pig myenteric neurons by using fura-2. AB - Intracellular free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) was measured in guinea-pig myenteric neurons by using the fluorescent calcium indicator, fura-2; at the same time, intracellular recordings were made from the myenteric neurons. The [Ca2+]i of the myenteric neurons was about 100 nM at the resting state. The slow after hyperpolarization that followed an action potential was associated with an increase in [Ca2+]i [Ca2+]i decreased during superfusion with calcium-free/high (6 mM) magnesium solution, and increased during superfusion with high (20 mM) potassium solution. However, [Ca2+]i did not change when the depolarizations caused in the high potassium solution were prevented by passing inward current through the recording electrode. The present experiments provide direct evidence that depolarization of the myenteric neurons allows calcium to enter the cell, and that rises in intracellular calcium concentration hyperpolarize the neuron. PMID- 3251598 TI - A comparison of the effects of midazolam and pentobarbital on the dose-response of GABA-gated Cl- influx in rat brain microsacs. AB - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated Cl- influx was studied in a rat brain 'microsac' preparation. Midazolam (a benzodiazepine), at 0.1-10 microM, increased GABA potency (maximum 2-fold) without affecting its efficacy or exerting GABA mimetic effect. Pentobarbital (10-500 microM) increased GABA potency (maximum 12 fold) and efficacy (maximum 40%). Pentobarbital exhibited GABA-mimetic effect at concentrations above 200 microM. The differential effects of midazolam and pentobarbital in modulating GABA-mediated responses may account for some of the differences between these two classes of drugs. PMID- 3251599 TI - Estrogen-concentrating hypothalamic and limbic neurons project to the medial preoptic nucleus. AB - Estrogen-concentrating neurons that project to the medial preoptic nucleus of the male rat were found to be numerous in limbic and hypothalamic cell groups including the ventral part of the lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial amygdaloid nucleus, the ventromedial nucleus, and the amygdalohippocampal zone. This steroid-sensitive circuitry is implicated in the activation of reproductive processes in the male. PMID- 3251600 TI - Autoradiographic visualization in rat brain of receptors for omega-conotoxin GVIA, a newly discovered calcium antagonist. AB - Putative N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels were localized autoradiographically in thaw-mounted rat brain slices using [125I]omega-conotoxin GVIA as a ligand. Density of the toxin binding sites were highly heterogeneous throughout the brain. The highest density of the binding sites was observed in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, molecular layer of the hippocampus, amygdaloid complex, reticular part of the substantia nigra, molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex, and nucleus of the solitary tract. White matter tract regions such as the internal capsule, corpus callosum, fimbria of the hippocampus, fornix, and fasciculus retroflexus showed an extremely low density. PMID- 3251601 TI - Effect of load perturbations on EMG activity and trajectories of pointing movements. AB - Force perturbations were applied to the upper arm during pointing movements to a target. Following the perturbation, the trajectories of shoulder and elbow angular velocities converged on those obtained during trials in which no perturbation was imposed, but with a temporal offset. Changes in EMG activity in shoulder and elbow flexors evoked by the perturbation were similar to those observed previously under quasi-static conditions, the change in a given muscle depending on shoulder and elbow motion. PMID- 3251602 TI - Cholinergic projections from the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei to the pontine gigantocellular tegmental field in the cat. AB - This study demonstrates that the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) are sources of cholinergic projections to the cat pontine reticular formation gigantocellular tegmental field (PFTG). Neurons of the LDT and PPT were double-labeled utilizing choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry combined with retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP). In the LDT the percentage of cholinergic neurons retrogradely labeled from PFTG was 10.2% ipsilaterally and 3.7% contralaterally, while in the PPT the percentages were 5.2% ipsilaterally and 1.3% contralaterally. These projections from the LDT and PPT to the PFTG were confirmed and their course delineated with anterograde labeling utilizing Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) anterograde transport. PMID- 3251603 TI - The sensitive period for the morphological effects of monocular deprivation in two nuclei of the tectofugal pathway of zebra finches. AB - Previous experiments with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) suggested the existence of a critical period for the effects of monocular deprivation in the nucleus rotundus of zebra finches. The present study concerns the time course of this sensitive period for the morphological effects of monocular deprivation in two areas of the tectofugal visual pathway of zebra finches, the nucleus rotundus of the thalamus and the telencephalic ectostriatum. Cell size and volume changes were measured in birds subjected to 40 days of unilateral eye closure starting at ages spaced regularly throughout the first 70 days of life. The results show that monocular deprivation markedly affects cell size in both areas if the treatment starts at one or 10 days posthatch. The differences between deprived and non-deprived neurons decline monotonically with increasing visual experience prior to deprivation. However, deprivation onset at day 40 again causes as severe effects as early monocular closure. Deprivation as from day 50 or later no longer leads to abnormalities. The measurements of the volume of the nucleus rotundus parallel the cell size measurements, with the exception that the second increase in sensitivity occurs with deprivation onset at day 50 instead of day 40. These data indicate that the time course of the sensitive period for the effects of monocular deprivation may be double-peaked: the sensitivity for external stimuli declines from hatch until day 30, but has another peak at 40-50 days of life. The definite end of the sensitive period, as determined with this method, can therefore be assumed to be at around day 50-60. PMID- 3251604 TI - Behavioral and metabolic alterations in the opiate withdrawal syndrome induced by lesions of fasciculus retroflexus. AB - The interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) appears to be an important integrative center within the limbic system based on its extensive afferent and efferent connections and the presence of numerous neurotransmitters and peptides. Opiate receptors are present within particular subregions of IPN, which is one of the limbic structures showing an increase in regional glucose utilization (RGU) during withdrawal of morphine-addicted rats. The possible role of neural connections in withdrawal was studied by lesioning the main afferent pathway to IPN, the fasciculus retroflexus (FR) bilaterally. Four subnuclei of IPN, lateral, central, rostral and intermediate and FR showed significantly smaller increases in RGU during naloxone-induced withdrawal when compared to sham-operated controls. No difference was found in the apical, dorsal medial or dorsal lateral subnuclei. This metabolic effect of the lesions is not related in any simple way to the localization of opiate receptors or other neurochemical features of IPN. The lesioned animals also had greater weight loss due to diarrhea during withdrawal, consistent with IPN's presumed connection to the vagal nuclei. IPN appears to exhibit local and independent effects of FR lesions during opiate withdrawal. PMID- 3251605 TI - Sparing of skilled forelimb reaching and corticospinal projections after neonatal motor cortex removal or hemidecortication in the rat: support for the Kennard doctrine. AB - Skilled forelimb use in reaching for food was studied in rats with variously sized and placed unilateral cortical lesions given in adulthood or on the day of birth. Fluorescent retrograde labelling was used to document changes in corticospinal tracts. In free choice tests, preferential use of the limb ipsilateral to damage was induced by adult motor, but not parietal or occipital, cortex damage. Similar preference for the ipsilateral limb was induced by neonatal motor and parietal, but not occipital, cortex damage. In both adult and neonate groups success with the preferred limb decreased in proportion to the increase in lesion size. To force use of the non-preferred limb, a bracelet, which prevented reaching but not other movements, was attached to the forearm of the preferred forelimb. Success with the non-preferred limb was poorer than with the preferred limb and success again decreased in proportion to the increase in lesion size. Adult and neonatal rats were divided into 4 groups according to the extent of motor cortex damage. Across all lesion sizes the neonatal operates were significantly more successful than the adult operates and their reaching movements appeared more normal. Surprisingly, some rats with large adult motor cortex lesions or hemidecortications were able to reach. Slow-motion video analysis of reaching impairments in both adult and neonate groups showed that limb extension and food grasping were less impaired than limb retraction and adduction of the limb to the mouth. The results show that the integrity of a neocortical hemisphere is not essential for contralateral limb use in reaching, but contributes to successful use of the limb. Following neonatal lesions, facilitation may be promoted by the ipsilateral neocortex through an augmented ipsilateral corticofugal pathway. PMID- 3251606 TI - [The consequences of unemployment on sickness insurance]. PMID- 3251607 TI - [The contribution of the European Counsel for the protection of medical care concerns on the horizon 1993]. PMID- 3251608 TI - [Good use of health services]. PMID- 3251609 TI - [The contribution of the Medical Service in epidemiology: 15 years' experience]. PMID- 3251610 TI - [Various constant relations between morbidity and the distribution of health services]. PMID- 3251612 TI - [Evaluation of medical technics: myth or reality?]. PMID- 3251611 TI - [Economic stakes and ethical questions in the area of health care. Thoughts of an economist]. PMID- 3251613 TI - Interstitial foam cells in renal biopsies: an aid in differentiating idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (type I) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A patient with nephrotic syndrome whose renal biopsy showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is described. Clinical and laboratory findings included an erythematous malar flush, proteinuria, casts in the urine and a positive antinuclear factor. Hence, it was not clear whether the MPGN was idiopathic, secondary to early systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or mainly a renal form of SLE. Treatment with prednisone and azathioprine was unsuccessful, and no new clinical or serological features of SLE appeared. A second renal biopsy 19 months later showed MPGN and large numbers of interstitial foam cells. The finding of foam cells prompted a review of other renal biopsies which were diagnosed as MPGN type I and diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN), including lupus associated MPGN. Nine of thirty-eight (24%) MPGN type I but none of 22 DPLN biopsies contained interstitial foam cells. Therefore, finding foam cells in a renal biopsy may help in differentiating MPGN type I from lupus-associated MPGN. PMID- 3251615 TI - Necrotizing arteriolitis of ileum, as the initial manifestation of malignant hypertension in childhood. AB - Intestine is seldom a site of clinical manifestation of malignant hypertension, particularly in childhood. This report deals with a case of malignant nephrosclerosis superimposed on benign nephrosclerosis which probably resulted from a unilateral obstructive uropathy and chronic pyelonephritis. Clinical features included severe hypertension, neuroretinopathy with retinal exudate and hypertensive encephalopathy. An acute abdomen due to transmural infarction of the ileum caused by multiple thrombotic occlusion of necrotizing arteritis involving bowel wall and the mesentery was noted. PMID- 3251614 TI - Asymptomatic poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in relatives of patients with symptomatic glomerulonephritis. Diagnostic value of endostreptosin antibodies. AB - Our previous studies have shown that endostreptosin (ESS), a cytoplasmic protein of group A streptococci, in all probability is the causative agent of poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN). Elevated antibody levels to ESS have been shown to be diagnostic for PSAGN and to correlate well with the course of the pathologic disease process. One hundred and twenty-one completely asymptomatic family members of 29 index patients with overt PSAGN were studied. Of these 121 asymptomatic family members, 26 (21.5%) had two or more abnormalities warranting a diagnosis of asymptomatic glomerulonephritis (GN): proteinuria/hematuria (18), low C3 (10 less than 85 mg/dl), high antibody titers to streptolysin O (15). Twenty-three (88.5%) of these family members with evidence of asymptomatic GN had a significant elevation of ESS antibody titers. The mean arithmetic titer for the complement fixation test was 1:24 (normal less than 1:7.5) and the mean ELISA value 0.154 (normal less than 0.075). With a certain percentage of PSAGN cases, especially adults, progressing to chronicity, the ESS antibody determinations by complement fixation and/or ELISA may be simple methods to detect and to follow-up such asymptomatic patients at risk. The high incidence of asymptomatic PSAGN (26/121) in family members of patients with overt PSAGN makes these data very significant in respect to the question of the origin of chronic glomerulonephritis without a history of overt PSAGN. Since chronic PSAGN is probably a sequel of an undiagnosed, asymptomatic disease, it may contribute materially to the contingent of end-stage renal disease. PMID- 3251616 TI - Minimal change disease with partial lipodystrophy. AB - The unusual occurrence of nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change disease in a child with partial lipodystrophy is described. PMID- 3251617 TI - IgA glomerulonephritis in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. AB - Renal morphology was evaluated in 2 siblings with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) aged 12 and 4 years. They gave a typical history of recurrent episodes of respiratory infection and presented with microhematuria of glomerular origin and proteinuria. The study disclosed a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with IgA mesangial deposition in the elder child, while immunofluorescence was negative in the younger. The data indicate that (1) a specific nephropathy does not exist in WAS and (2) the IgA nephropathy is the result of recurrent infections and of related formation of IgA immune complexes scarcely removed by a deficient reticuloendothelial system. This view is consistent with presenting features in WAS (microhematuria, episodes of macrohematuria, proteinuria, Henoch Schonlein syndrome) and with the fact that it takes years to develop as indicated by the negativity of immunofluorescence in the younger patient. PMID- 3251618 TI - Clinicopathological correlation in forty-two children with IgA nephropathy. AB - A retrospective study of 42 children with IgA nephropathy was undertaken to clarify possible correlations between clinical and histological features, severity and known prognostic factors. The disease was graded in both pathological (class I-V) and clinical (class A-D) classifications. There were no differences in clinical and laboratory data when compared with respect to gross hematuria, but the number of cases with proteinuria more than 150 mg/day is significantly greater in those with gross hematuria than with microhematuria (p less than 0.01). All of the patients with microhematuria were included in pathologic classes I and II. The patients with proteinuria less than 1 g/day is skewed to pathologic classes I and II, in contrast to the patients with more than 3 g/day, to pathologic class IV. Serum IgA level was increased only in 35.7% at the time of biopsy, most of which cases complained of gross hematuria. Immunofluorescence studies showed predominant deposits of IgA in the mesangium in all cases, while capillary deposits were found in 7 cases. Among the 12 cases of pathologic class IV, half of them had capillary IgA and fibrinogen deposits. PMID- 3251619 TI - Detection of early renal osteodystrophy. AB - Quantitative bone histology, serum biochemistry and skeletal survey were studied in 21 children aged 6-18 years with moderate renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 20-50 ml/min/1.73 m2) but no previous history of bone disease to try and identify early markers of the disease simpler and less invasive than histomorphometry. Ninety percent of the 20 biopsies studied exhibited abnormal quantitative bone histology. Predominant hyperparathyroidism was noted in 30%; osteomalacia in 5%, mixed picture in 55%. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were elevated in all the patients. Alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme was elevated in 95% of the patients. X-ray was relatively insensitive showing mild changes of hyperparathyroidism in only 3 patients (14.3%), all of whom had GFR less than 30 ml/min/1.73 m2. We feel that the elevated PTH levels denote a true state of hyperparathyroidism which probably precedes histological derangement in chronic renal failure, and may justify prophylactic treatment of renal osteodystrophy in children with moderate renal impairment. PMID- 3251620 TI - Failure of fresh frozen plasma infusions to alter the course of hemolytic uremic syndrome. AB - The hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by thrombocytopenia, anemia, and acute renal failure. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) infusions have been claimed to shorten the course of HUS. However, no long-term follow-up is available. Hence, we analyzed the effects of FFP infusions on acute resolution and long-term sequelae of HUS in 12 children (5 boys, 7 girls, mean age 4.5 years, range 7 months to 9 years) and compared to a historical control group of 31 children (13 boys, 18 girls, mean age 3 years, range 8 months to 9 years). The patient population, severity of HUS, and other modes of therapy except FFP were similar in the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the acute resolution of HUS as evaluated by recovery of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and return of renal functions. Long-term sequelae of HUS such as hypertension, end-stage renal disease, and CNS residual abnormalities were also similar in two groups. One child died in the FFP group and 2 children died in the control group. We feel that FFP infusions have no significant effect on the course of HUS and its use should be questioned. PMID- 3251621 TI - Rifampin therapy in Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis accompanied by nephrotic syndrome. AB - Treatment of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis accompanied by nephrotic syndrome is still controversial, even though both corticosteroids and immunosuppressants have been used for therapy. Rifampin has been shown to induce the immunosuppressive effect in animal models due to the inhibition of protein synthesis by cells involved in the immune process. The effects of prednisone and rifampin in 7 children (group A) and prednisone and other immunosuppressants in 5 children (group B) are studied by evaluating the clinical states and morphologic changes by sequential biopsies following treatment. All cases in group A displayed no proteinuria 6.4 months (mean) after treatment, but in group B only 2 cases presented no proteinuria 20.5 months (mean) after treatment; the remaining cases had persistent proteinuria. Immunopathologically, 5 of 7 cases in group A showed decreasing intensity and extent of immune deposits, while only 1 of 5 cases in group B. This study suggests that rifampin may have a therapeutic role in the treatment of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, particularly with nephrotic syndrome. A longer period of study is needed to evaluate improvements in histopathologic findings. PMID- 3251623 TI - Renal proton magnetic resonance and bound and free water distribution in the normal, angiotensin II-and ADH-infused rats, before and after Gd DTPA paramagnetic enhancement. AB - Female Charles River rats, 250-300 g, were used in all experiments. The rats were divided into the following experimental groups. Group A: Normal rats were injected with 1 ml saline intravenously. Exactly after 8 min the kidneys were excised as rapidly as possible. The papilla was dissected and cortical and medullary slices were prepared. Immediately following the excision T1 and T2 were measured with a Bruker PC-20 Minispec spectrometer operating at 20 MHz at 37 + 1 degree C. Water content (PW) of the samples was calculated as a percentage tissue weight, after 24 h drying to constant weight. The fraction bound (FB = % water bound) and hydration fraction (% water bound/g solid) were computed from T1 relaxation time, and the PW, according to a fast proton diffusion model. Group B: As group A but 3 min after the saline administration bolus of 1 ml solution of Gd DTPA. 70 mumol/kg body weight, was given intravenously. Group C: As group A but instead of saline the rats were given a solution of ADH (5 mU/kg body weight i.v.). Group D: As group C plus Gd DTPA as in group B. Group E: As group A but instead of saline the rats were given a solution of angiotensin II (Ag II) (5 micrograms/kg body weight). Group F: As group E plus Gd DTPA as in group B. In groups B-F the magnetic resonance and water distribution were determined and calculated as in group A. In the normal rats there is a prolongation of T1, T2 and an increased total water content from the cortex to the papilla.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3251622 TI - Childhood nephrotic syndrome and heavy proteinuria in Taiwan. A retrospective clinicopathologic study. AB - From April 1981 to November 1987, 347 children with either nephrotic syndrome (NS; 262 cases, 75.5%) or heavy proteinuria (85 cases, 24.5%) were studied to determine the clinicopathologic manifestation of these diseases among Taiwanese children. All of the children were less than 18 years of age and all had undergone renal biopsy. IgM mesangial nephropathy (IgMN; 93 cases, 26.9%) and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS; 62 cases, 17.8%) are the most frequently found pathologic lesions. The clinical course of MCNS is always responsive to steroids and less relapsive. However, IgMN is characterized by its good initial response to steroids and frequent relapses. As for secondary glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis has the first position and comprises 18.4% (64 cases) of all cases. Membranous nephropathy associated with hepatitis B antigenemia (HBVMN; 34 cases, 9.8%) has the second position. Most cases of membranous nephropathy in children in Taiwan are HBVMN. The age of peak incidence is around 2-7 years old. Most of them had frequent relapses of NS or persistent heavy proteinuria. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) accounts for only 1.2% (4 cases) of all cases, relatively lower than reported elsewhere. The high incidence of IgMN, HBVMN and low incidence of MPGN are probably due to geographic or racial differences in Taiwan with respect to those in other countries. PMID- 3251624 TI - Complement activation and serum beta-glucuronidase level during hemodialysis. AB - Peripheral white blood cell counts, complement and serum beta-glucuronidase activity were examined in 15 chronic hemodialysis patients, ranging in age from 8 to 10 years, precisely at initiation of dialysis, at 15 min after the initiation and at the end of the dialysis. At the initiation of dialysis, a rapid decline of neutrophils from the predialysis value was observed. The complement C3 level fell simultaneously but C4 was not changed. We have observed that the complement activation which follows hemodialysis is accompanied by a rise in the activities of plasma beta-glucuronidase. A rise in the serum beta-glucuronidase level was considered to be the result of complement activation and leukopenia. Granulocytopenia significantly increased the risk of infection of hemodialysis. PMID- 3251625 TI - Idiopathic hypercalciuria: effects of calcium load test on magnesiuria. AB - Twenty-three children with idiopathic hypercalciuria and 7 control children were studied. Patients were classified into three groups according to the response to an oral calcium load. Five children displayed absorptive hypercalciuria (UCa/Cr 0.14 +/- 0.04 mg/mg with poor calcium diet and 0.33 +/- 0.16 after loading, p less than 0.01); 10 were classified renal hypercalciuria (UCa/Cr during the fasting state of 0.28 +/- 0.09 and 0.31 +/- 0.11 after loading) and 8 were classified as alimentary hypercalciuria (UCa/Cr 0.14 +/- 0.07 during the fasting state and 0.15 +/- 0.04 after loading). The urinary cAMP showed no significant differences in any of the three groups compared to the control. Magnesiuria did not show significant differences between the two forms of hypercalciuria and the control; a significant increase was observed after the loading and a positive correlation between magnesiuria and calciuria in the absorptive form. Our study supports the validity of the test for the classification of the different forms of hypercalciuria in children. The urinary cAMP is not a valid approach for classification. The difference observed in the magnesiuria suggests a different pathogenic mechanism between the two types of idiopathic hypercalciuria. PMID- 3251627 TI - Bee sting and relapse of nephrotic syndrome. AB - In a group of 180 children with nephrotic syndrome and followed up in one institution, 3 of them relapsed subsequently to a bee sting. Proteinuria disappeared after steroid therapy. PMID- 3251626 TI - Trimethoprim in pediatric urinary tract infection. AB - The efficacy of trimethoprim (TMP) as a single therapeutic agent in the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children was studied in 112 children prospectively comparing TMP against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/Sulfa), sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. Children with repeated colony counts of greater than 100,000 CFU/ml of the same organism grown in 2-3 consecutive clean catch specimens were successively assigned to each treatment group for 10 days' therapy. TMP achieved a cure rate of 100% compared to TMP/Sulfa 100% (p greater than 0.05), sulfamethoxazole 93% (p less than 0.05) and ampicillin 63% (p less than 0.01). TMP and TMP/Sulfa groups had no failures while sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin groups had 7% (p less than 0.05) and 37% (p less than 0.01), respectively. Relapses occurred in 4% of the TMP group whereas TMP/Sulfa had 7% (p greater than 0.05); sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin groups had none. TMP group had 7% recurrence compared to 6% TMP/Sulfa, 4% sulfamethoxazole and 7% ampicillin (p greater than 0.05). Gastrointestinal side effects and skin rashes were not encountered in the TMP group; depression of WBC was the lowest in this group. As a single therapeutic agent, TMP appears to be safe and efficacious for treatment of acute UTI in children. PMID- 3251628 TI - Severe primary IgA glomerulonephritis. AB - We describe the case of a 22-month-old girl who presented with a severe nephritic nephrotic syndrome associated with arterial hypertension, remained symptomatic throughout the follow-up period and met advanced renal failure at 6 3/4 years of age. The initial renal biopsy revealed a mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis with mesangial deposits of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), C3 and fibrin, extending into the capillary wall. Diffuse glomerular sclerosis was observed in the second biopsy. To our knowledge there are no reports of similar cases in the literature. PMID- 3251629 TI - Acute carbamazepine poisoning and hyponatremia. AB - A case of acute carbamazepine poisoning is described, which demonstrates all the immediate side effects of poisoning. Emphasis is placed on water intoxication and hyponatremia as the main cause of irreversible cerebral damage. PMID- 3251630 TI - Persistent histological and immunological abnormalities in congenital syphilitic glomerulonephritis after disappearance of proteinuria. AB - A 40-day-old male infant suffered from generalized anasarca, proteinuria and hematuria. Serologic study revealed marked elevation of antibody titer against Treponema pallidum, the same serologic finding was also noted in both his parents. Two weeks of treatment with penicillin was given. The edema subsided 7 days later, and proteinuria and hematuria disappeared 20 days after the initiation of penicillin treatment. At the age of 60 days, all the clinical symptoms and signs vanished; urinalysis and renal function were all within normal limits and renal biopsy was performed. Pathologic study revealed membranous glomerulonephritis with deposition of IgG, IgM and complement C3, C1q, C4 and treponema antigen in the subepithelial area of the glomerular basement membrane. These phenomena suggest that treponemal antigen-antibody complexes were deposited in the glomeruli and activated the classic pathway of complements, leading to an immune complex nephritis. Immunologic study revealed that the patient had high circulating helper T cells (CD4 cells), low level of suppressor T cells (Leu2+15+ cells) with high CD4/CD8 ratio. It was accompanied by detectable circulating immune complex and high titer of T. pallidum hemagglutinin antibody titer. This change suggests that abnormal immune regulation may play an important role in the development of syphilitic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3251631 TI - Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome with minimal glomerular changes and mesangial IgA deposits. AB - We report 3 children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, without hematuria. The renal biopsies showed minimal-change disease with mesangial IgA deposits. Their clinical presentation and therapeutic responses were similar to our cases of biopsied nephrotic syndrome with minimal glomerular abnormalities. We believe that our cases have minimal-change disease and not Berger's disease with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3251632 TI - Local re-utilization of thymidine in normal mouse tissues as measured with iododeoxyuridine. AB - Thymidine (TdR) and its analogue, iododeoxyuridine (IdUdr), were used to quantitate nucleoside re-utilisation in vivo. Significantly different results obtained, however, depending upon what form of isotopically labelled iododeoxyuridine is used. No measurable local thymidine re-utilization was found in mouse thymus, spleen or bone marrow when the retention of [3H]IdUdR was compared with [14C]TdR. On the other hand, significant differences were found between the retention of [125I]IdUdR and [3H]IdUdR, which is attributed to de iodination of iododeoxyuridine. Some thymidine re-utilization was found in duodenum using both [3H]IdUdR and [125I]IdUdR. Information on the in vivo distribution of TdR and the contention that a large degree of TdR re-utilization in the thymus is evidence of extensive cell death must be re-interpreted in the light of these results. In addition, evidence for little or no local re utilization in some tissues will greatly simplify the use of [11C]TdR as an imaging agent for measuring tissue proliferation in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET). PMID- 3251633 TI - Early plasma cell recruitment in multiple myeloma following chemotherapy. AB - Therapy-induced modifications of bone marrow plasma cell kinetics were studied in three patients with myelomatosis. The investigation was performed prior to and 15 d after termination of a course of aggressive chemotherapy. An increase in the labelling index (40-212% of pretreatment values) with a corresponding reduction of Ts (5-34%) was observed in all cases. As a consequence of this combined variation, the fractional turnover rate (which represents the percentage of cells produced per unit time) was the parameter with the highest increment (54-276%). These results indicate that plasma cell recruitment occurs soon after chemotherapy and is characterized by a shorter S phase and a higher number of DNA synthesizing cells. PMID- 3251634 TI - Haemopoietic inductive capacity of irradiated stromal cell layers in human micro long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - In a micro long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC) system the effects of irradiation on confluent stromal cell layers were studied. In order to individually analyse the number of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) per LTBMC a miniaturized human GM-CFC assay was established. The normalized GM-CFC numbers in the micro-assay compared well with data by the conventional GM-CFC assay. Pre-formed stromal cell layers were irradiated with doses up to 20 Gy and subsequently recharged with allogeneic bone marrow cells (BMC). Immediately before recharge the BMC were stromal cell-depleted by nylon wool filtration. When stromal cell-depleted BMC were inoculated on empty culture dishes, in vitro haemopoiesis rapidly declined. Sustained GM-CFC production, however, was seen when these cells were used as a second inoculum. It is concluded that irradiation doses of up to 20 Gy do not cause alteration of the haemopoietic inductive capacity of confluent stromal cell layers. PMID- 3251635 TI - The growth and life of a monoclonal crypt. AB - A computer simulation of a highly dynamic model for the birth, growth and adult life of a monoclonal crypt in the intestine was developed starting with a single precursor stem cell. The intestinal epithelial system was studied and observed in analogy to 'in vivo' experiments. The model output, e.g. the geometric shape of a crypt, mitotic index, labelling index and the crypt length distribution in adult state, was compared with experimental data. There was evidence from the simulation that a certain steady state in the adult life could be reached regardless of some harmless influences in post-natal life, e.g. the influence of being weaned or non-weaned. The model is based on our hypothesis of the generation-controlled proliferation mechanism and at the same time is a confirmation of it. PMID- 3251636 TI - The cell cycle time in intestinal crypts by simulation of FLM experiments. AB - A computer program is developed that permits simulation of the dynamic behaviour of cells in intestinal crypts (Meinzer & Sandblad, 1985). Here we present the simulation of FLM data which is compared with the experimental findings of Al Dewachi et al. (1974). The phase durations and total cycle times of cells in the jejunal crypts of rats were calculated. Additionally, the influence of various control parameters on the simulation output is discussed, e.g. the standard errors of phase times and the grain dilution at mitosis. PMID- 3251637 TI - Low fat diet prior to oral cholecystography--a reappraisal. PMID- 3251638 TI - Rural community management of diarrhoea in Zimbabwe: the impact of health education message on oral rehydration therapy. PMID- 3251639 TI - Experimental restoration of immune response by collodial carbon during antigenic competition. PMID- 3251640 TI - Air pyelo-ureterogram in obstetric vesico-vaginal fistula. PMID- 3251641 TI - Sulphite content of orange crushes and drinks produced in Zimbabwe. PMID- 3251642 TI - The histopathology of carcinoma of the stomach in Zimbabwe. PMID- 3251643 TI - Clinical study on the analysis of chewing movements in relation to occlusion. PMID- 3251644 TI - Optimizing format and display options in MRI of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3251645 TI - Design, evaluation, and use of a temporomandibular arthrometric cephalostat, the Porta-Stat (an X-ray subsystem). Part II. Use. PMID- 3251646 TI - Comparative study of two radiographic techniques to actual dissections of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3251648 TI - Functional impairment in TMJ patient and nonpatient groups according to a disability index and symptom profile. PMID- 3251647 TI - Nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation in the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint locking: a clinical and methodological study. PMID- 3251649 TI - Factors affecting the outcome of treatment for temporomandibular joint dysfunction. PMID- 3251650 TI - An epidemiologic approach to the etiologic factors of craniomandibular dysfunction in children and adolescents: the host-agent model. PMID- 3251651 TI - The effects of mandibular repositioning on obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 3251652 TI - Pain secondary to acupuncture therapy. PMID- 3251653 TI - Temporomandibular joint: MR fast scanning. PMID- 3251654 TI - Three-dimensional computerized tomographic scanning of craniofacial anomalies. PMID- 3251655 TI - Evaluation of alloplastic TMJ implants. PMID- 3251656 TI - Longitudinal study of function and dysfunction in the stomatognathic system after maxillary osteotomy with anterior-inferior repositioning of the maxilla. PMID- 3251657 TI - A method used to anchor the Herbst appliance. PMID- 3251658 TI - Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint: report of a case. PMID- 3251660 TI - TM joint reports: simplified computer format. PMID- 3251661 TI - [Expression of blood group A and B antigens in tumors of the left colon and rectum]. PMID- 3251659 TI - Case reports involving the treatment of children with chronic otitis media with effusion via craniomandibular methods. PMID- 3251662 TI - [Hilus cell tumors of the ovary]. PMID- 3251663 TI - [Collagenous colitis]. PMID- 3251664 TI - TSH dependent elevation of serum thyroglobulin in reversible primary hypothyroidism. AB - Serum levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured using immunoradiometric assay in 18 patients with primary hypothyroidism, whose serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were higher than 40 mU/l and anti-Tg antibodies were negative. In 12 patients, serum Tg levels were extremely elevated above the upper limit of normal (30 ng/ml) and the levels were more than 800 ng/ml in 10 of them. In all of these 12 patients, thyroid function recovered spontaneously with only iodide restriction and the serum Tg levels declined concomitantly with the decrease in serum TSH concentrations, events suggesting the TSH dependency of this Tg elevation. In the other 6 patients without elevated Tg levels, thyroid function did not recover and replacement therapy with L-thyroxine had to be given. Data from our study show that the TSH dependent Tg secretion is observed in reversible type primary hypothyroidism and that it may proceed vigorously even though thyroid hormone production is subnormal. Measurement of serum Tg may be valuable for predicting the prognosis of primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 3251665 TI - The significance of the initial FT4-index for the management of single daily dose methimazole treatment of hyperthyroidism. AB - Since the effectiveness of 30 mg methimazole in a single daily dose in gaining initial control of hyperthyroidism may depend largely on patient characteristics, 52 patients (34 with diffuse and 18 with nodular goitre) were investigated in an attempt to determine the relative importance of a number of pretreatment variables. Return to normal thyroid hormone levels after 2 to 6 weeks of treatment appeared to be the rule, although eight of these patients formed notable exceptions (6-20 weeks). The individual duration of treatment until achievement of biochemical euthyroidism correlated with the initial free thyroxine index (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001) and the free triiodothyronine index (r = 0.70, P less than 0.001). For patients with a diffuse goitre it was also related to the thyroid volume estimated by ultrasound (r = 0.73, P less than 0.001). According to multiple linear regression analysis however these variables were found to have no independent prognostic value. The decrease in thyroid volume during initial therapy, the nature of the goitre, a medication compliance score and various other patient variables did not correlate with the effect of treatment. In 12 cases perchlorate discharge tests were performed. The results suggest continued hormone synthesis in patients with highly active iodine trapping as an important mechanism of the postponed attainment of euthyroidism. PMID- 3251666 TI - Restoration of normal thyrotrophin secretion reduces the abnormally high serum glutathione S-transferase levels found in patients receiving thyroxine replacement therapy. AB - The peripheral tissue thyroid status of 12 patients receiving thyroxine replacement therapy was investigated both when pituitary secretion of TSH was suppressed and later, when on a lower dose of thyroxine that restored thyrotroph responsiveness. Heart rate and various analytes in serum known to be sensitive to thyroid status were measured in addition to TSH by immunoradiometric assay. Initially, the serum T4 concentration was raised in seven patients and free T4 raised in nine; all patients had normal T3 concentrations. Later, on the lower dose of thyroxine, most patients had concentrations of thyroid hormones within reference limits. Concentrations of the liver-specific form of glutathione S transferase (GST) in serum decreased (P less than 0.01) after the reduction in thyroxine dose; abnormally high GST levels, found in eight patients when TSH was suppressed, returned to normal in six of these patients when normal basal and TRH stimulated TSH concentrations had been restored. The response of the pituitary to excess thyroxine may be more representative of other tissues (e.g. the liver) than previously thought. PMID- 3251667 TI - Higher than conventional doses of carbimazole in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. AB - In order to ascertain whether higher than conventional doses of carbimazole achieve more rapid control of thyrotoxicosis, 30 thyrotoxic patients were alternately allocated into two groups, group 1 (15 subjects) receiving a conventional starting dose of 45 mg orally daily and group 2 (15 subjects) a dose of 100 mg orally. In addition to weekly estimations of serum T4, T3, free T4, free T3 and TSH, the systolic time intervals ratio (STI), a measure of left ventricular contractility, was calculated as an accurate measure of peripheral thyroid hormone activity, the study end-point being a normal STI (0.26-0.32). None of the individuals studied experienced side-effects during the study period. Mean pre-treatment STI values for the two treatment groups were the same at entry (0.20). The mean recovery times for STI was 4.4 weeks (SE 0.3) in the high dose group and 5.9 weeks (SE 0.4) in the low dose group (P = 0.0037). There was a definite trend towards a shorter recovery time for free T3 in the higher dose group (P = 0.057) but no apparent differences for T4, T3 and free T4. Higher than conventional doses of carbimazole may be advisable in the initial treatment of severe thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 3251668 TI - Cholinergic muscarinic blockade produces short-term suppression of growth hormone secretion in children with tall stature. AB - We have studied the effects of oral pirenzepine (50 mg twice daily) on growth and growth hormone (GH) secretion in 10 children with tall stature (9F, 1M). Suppression of GH secretion was observed in all children for 2-3 h after drug administration but was followed by rebound secretion of GH after 4-6 h. Consequently there was little overall change in GH secretion. In the dose regimen used the disruption of normal pulsatile GH secretion was not sufficiently significant to change final or predicted heights. PMID- 3251669 TI - Dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism: studies on overproduction of 18 hydroxycortisol in three affected family members. AB - We report a newly diagnosed family in which a father and his two sons were found to be hypertensive and to have the rare familial condition dexamethasone suppressible hyperaldosteronism (DSH). All three patients became normotensive on dexamethasone treatment alone and have been successfully maintained on low doses of the drug for 6 months since diagnosis. Each of the patients had extremely high plasma and urinary concentrations of the recently discovered steroid 18 hydroxycortisol, which were more than ten times higher than the upper normal limit. Plasma levels were readily suppressed by dexamethasone treatment. The hypothesis that 18-hydroxycortisol might derive from 18-hydroxylation of recirculating cortisol was tested by measuring plasma 18-hydroxycortisol levels during low-dose and high-dose hydrocortisone infusions, in a normal subject and in one of the patients with DSH. During the high-dose infusions (with plasma cortisol levels of 3000-5000 nmol/l) there was net production of 18 hydroxycortisol within 8 h, but this was not observed during the low-dose infusions (plasma cortisol levels 300-400 nmol/l). The origin of 18 hydroxycortisol remains uncertain: these findings do not support the recirculation theory, but lend weight to the alternative hypothesis that 18 hydroxycortisol is produced in transitional adrenocortical tissue. This steroid is of considerable value in the differential diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism and may also be important as a marker of transitional adrenal cell function. PMID- 3251670 TI - Evidence for a hypothalamic alteration of catecholamine metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - The role of brain catecholamine (CA) activity in the neuroendocrine regulation of the GnRH-LH system in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detector. We measured urinary dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and total 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels in a group of 12 women with PCO before and during peripheral dopa-decarboxylase blockade, by carbidopa. HVA and DOPAC concentrations were significantly lower (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.005, respectively) in PCO patients compared with twelve control subjects in early follicular phase, whereas total MHPG concentrations and MHPG/VMA ratio were significantly higher (P less than 0.005) in PCO patients. Moreover, HVA and DOPAC concentrations in PCO patients were similar to those of the control subjects in preovulatory phase, while MHPG concentrations remained higher in PCO patients (P less than 0.01). DA, NA, A and VMA concentrations were similar to those of control subjects in both phases of the cycle. During carbidopa administration the concentrations of all urinary CAs and metabolites were unchanged, except those of DA which dropped markedly (P less than 0.001). These data suggest that (1) an altered central catecholamine metabolism consisting of DA deficiency and NA excess is present in PCO, and (2) the site of DA deficiency may be located in the hypothalamus. PMID- 3251671 TI - A comparison of follicular fluid levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 in normal dominant and cohort follicles, polycystic and multicystic ovaries. AB - Fourteen ovulatory patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy had at least two samples of clear follicular fluid (FF) collected in the late follicular phase. The cohort concentrations of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF1) were significantly correlated with serum IGF1 and dominant follicles contained significantly higher concentrations of IGF1 and oestradiol (E2) than their cohorts. After the LH surge, a further significant increase in dominant FF-IGF1 occurred. FF-(log)E2 was significantly correlated with both FF-IGF1 and FF volume. Nine women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and one patient with multicystic ovaries (MCO) associated with weight-loss related amenorrhoea also had follicular aspiration performed. The mean (SD) FF-IGF1 in the PCOS group, 0.42 (0.15) U/ml, was not significantly different from that of the cohorts in the control group, 0.39 (0.13) U/ml. The patient with MCO had both serum and FF-IGF1 concentrations less than 10th centile. These results support the hypothesis that IGF1 has a paracrine (and possibly endocrine) role in the regulation of ovarian function in the human female. PMID- 3251672 TI - Hypermineralocorticism without elevation of plasma aldosterone: deoxycorticosterone-producing adrenal adenoma and hyperplasia. AB - Two female patients were admitted for evaluation of hypertension and hypokalaemia. Plasma renin activity was suppressed and plasma aldosterone levels were within the normal value in a 52-year-old woman and below the normal value in the other patient, a 62-year-old woman. Plasma 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) levels were as high as 1.13 and 1.47 nmol/l, respectively. Adrenal scintigram and abdominal CT scan clearly showed a right adrenal tumour in the 52-year-old woman. After adrenalectomy plasma DOC level decreased to the normal level of 0.12 nmol/l, and her blood pressure and serum potassium became normal. Abdominal CT scan revealed no finding of adrenal tumour in the older woman. These results indicate that these two patients had hypermineralocorticism with elevation of plasma DOC. One patient had a DOC-producing adrenal adenoma, and the other probably had bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 3251673 TI - Therapy of acromegaly with sandostatin: the predictive value of an acute test, the value of serum somatomedin-C measurements in dose adjustment and the definition of a biochemical 'cure'. AB - Fifteen acromegalic patient were treated for a mean of 96 weeks with 200-300 micrograms Sandostatin per day. The mean 24 h GH concentration decreased by 86% from 34.3 +/- 6.6 to 4.8 +/- 0.7 micrograms/l (1 microgram/l = 46 pmol/l). There was a close correlation between the mean GH levels from 2 to 6 h after the acute administration of 50 micrograms Sandostatin and the mean 24 h GH levels after chronic therapy (P less than 0.01). Serum Sm-C levels decreased from 6.9 +/- 0.7 to 2.7 +/- 0.5 U/ml (-61%) and normalized in eight of these 15 patients. There was a close correlation between the Sm-C and mean 24 h GH levels after therapy (P less than 0.001). It is suggested that adjustment of the dose and the number of Sandostatin injections can be made in acromegaly on the basis of the measurement of Sm-C levels during the follow-up. This precludes the need of multiple GH determinations throughout the day and/or night. Biochemical 'cure' (as defined by normalized Sm-C levels) was reached in eight patients in whom mean 24 h GH levels were suppressed to 3.3 micrograms/l or less. The normalization of Sm-C levels was even observed in the presence of two or three GH secretory peaks (never exceeding 7.5-10 micrograms/l) during the 24 h period occurring towards the next Sandostatin injection. PMID- 3251674 TI - Perturbation of in vitro development of rodent embryos by calcium antagonist Quin 2. AB - Tissue shaping during embryogenesis is driven, at least in part, by changes in the shapes of the cells of the tissue undergoing morphogenesis. These cell shape changes are effected by microfilaments, and appear, as do microfilament-mediated events in non-embryonic cells, to be calcium-dependent. To explore the possible role of calcium in morphogenesis in mammalian embryos, the effects of Quin-2, a calcium-binding agent which can be loaded into cells as the acetomethyl tetraester (Quin-2-AM), on rat embryos cultured in vitro were determined. Quin-2 AM at 5 x 10(-5) M concentration delays the development of, and subsequently causes the abnormal development of, rat embryos cultured in vitro. In addition, Quin-2-AM inhibits the normal re-elevation of the cephalic neural folds which have been caused to collapse by exposure to medium containing a low concentration of calcium. These results suggest that morphogenetic movements, such as neurulation, depend upon an intracellular relocation of calcium, which can be perturbed by the calcium-binding capacity of Quin-2-AM. PMID- 3251675 TI - Pokeweed mitogen stimulates DNA synthesis in cultured amoebocytes of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. AB - Cultures of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda amoebocytes in Grace's insect (modified) medium supplemented with 20% foetal bovine serum, were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen at 0.5 to 50 micrograms/ml for 24 to 72 h at 26 degrees C. DNA synthesis was monitored by measuring the uptake of 3H-thymidine. The optimal concentration of pokeweed mitogen was established at 2.5 micrograms/ml. The ideal duration of stimulation was 48 h. Under these conditions, amoebocyte cultures showed increases in uptake of 3H-thymidine up to 55-fold. Attempts at stimulation of these amoebocytes with phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and endotoxin showed no increase in 3H-thymidine uptake. Nevertheless, positive stimulation by pokeweed mitogen demonstrates the potential of such an approach to establishing a permanent amoebocyte cell line for lysate production. This stimulation was reversed by 5 mM hydroxyurea, suggesting a true induction of DNA synthesis. PMID- 3251676 TI - Heterogeneity of the plasma cell response to bovine staphylococcal mastitis: an ultrastructural study. AB - Mammary tissue samples from glands of dairy cows with chronic Staphylococcus aureus mastitis were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Cytological observations were limited to the mucosal tissues of the gland and teat cisternal areas where accumulations of lymphoid cells predominated. Plasma cells were the most numerous leucocyte type present in these areas and exhibited varied ultrastructural characteristics. Although the majority of plasma cells were normal in appearance, cells with abnormal ultrastructure were frequently observed, including cells with distended rough endoplasmic reticulum, cells with cytoplasm entirely engorged with immunoglobulin, and necrobiotic cells. Results demonstrated copious production of local immunoglobulins, predominantly IgG, in response to staphylococcal infection. Atypical cell types observed may have indicated a functional disturbance of immunoglobulin secretion associated with chronic mastitis. PMID- 3251677 TI - Metacentric sex-chromosomes in a rodent species, Rattus (Millardia) meltada pallidior (Ryley). AB - The diploid chromosome number in Rattus (Millardia) meltada pallidior (Ryley) is 52 where all the autosomes are acrocentric, and the sex-chromosomes X and y are metacentric. The X chromosome is the largest in the complement being 13.25 microns and the y chromosome is 6.00 microns in length. The autosomes range in size from 9 microns to 2.57 microns. PMID- 3251678 TI - Structural complexity of Y chromosome heterochromatin. AB - Following a standard C-banding procedure early metaphase chromosomes demonstrate a discontinuous distribution of heterochromatin in the long arm of the human Y chromosome. The discrete blocks of heterochromatin can be shown to be separated into nonrepeating sequences by in situ hybridization using probe pHY 2.1. The number of heterochromatin blocks vary from person to person. PMID- 3251679 TI - Effects of stannic chloride on human leucocytes in vitro. AB - Single dose treatment with stannic chloride (4 micrograms/ml) on human lymphocytes in vitro revealed a significant increase of chromosomal aberrations. These showed a distinct relationship with the donor's age. Single and isochromatid breaks including gaps, premature chromosome condensation, irregular staining, stretching of the centromere and interchange, i.e. quadriradial exchange of chromosome arms, and also aneuploidy, were observed. PMID- 3251682 TI - High-resolution R-banding at the 1250-band level. 1. Technical considerations on cell synchronization and R-banding (RHG and RBG). AB - A comparative analysis of variables for cell synchronization was made and led to the description of optimal conditions capable of yielding, in over 95% of cases, a large number of excellent quality cells in prometaphase and late prophase. Thymidine presents advantages over amethopterin as the synchronizing agent. The block was released with either thymidine or 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) for which various concentrations were tested. The presence of colcemid was also evaluated. Without colcemid, the optimal length of the release period was precisely determined so that the wave of synchronized cells could be harvested while going through the early stages of mitoses. Subsequently, GTG, RHG and RBG banding were produced on these elongated chromosomes. A comprehensive approach to RHG banding ensured an easier and well reproducible banding technique. Nine interrelated factors which influence banding quality were studied. The analysis of their effects on this banding pattern revealed new data for the understanding of its mechanism. A high-resolution R-banding technique after BrdU incorporation and Giemsa staining is presented; it is simple, reliable and reproducible. Different conditions for the FPG (Fluorochrome-Photolysis-Giemsa) technique were studied in order to obtain sharper borders and higher contrast between positive and negative bands. Optimal conditions for the incorporation of BrdU and the FPG method produced excellent band separation and band contrast even in very elongated prophase chromosomes. They did not decrease the mitotic index, did not increase chromosomal damage significantly, and did not greatly vary from subject to subject nor with the age of the slide (between 1 day and 36 months). Homologue discordance correlated to band range was compared for GTG, RHG and RBG banding. PMID- 3251680 TI - Effects of dimethyl sulphoxide on early gametogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans: ultrastructural aberrations and loss of synaptonemal complexes from pachytene nuclei. AB - In Caenorhabditis elegans, loss of viability and fertility was observed after treatment with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). The decrease in life span is associated with senescent morphology of meiotic prophase nuclei, such that nuclei from young and old specimens cannot be differentiated. Aging in oocytes at the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase is characterized by nucleo-cytoplasmic aberrations, increased density of the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm and decrease in numbers of mitochondria (Goldstein and Curis, 1987). Increasing concentrations of DMSO result in decrease in fertility and increased production of abnormal gametes. At DMSO concentrations higher than 5.0%, synaptonemal comlexes (SC) are absent from the nuclei, thus, effective pairing and segregation of homologous chromosomes is not possible. The absence of SCs may be the result of: (1) a premeiotic colchicine-like effect which influences pairing of chromosomes; (2) changes in the structure of the DNA due to DMSO binding that results in changes in expression of the DNA; and (3) changes in temporal DNA synthesis in response to DMSO. Since the SC is essential for regulating pairing and subsequent separation of bivalents, the lack of an SC explains the loss of fertility, due to the production of unbalanced gametes, observed in DMSO treated specimens. PMID- 3251681 TI - A comparison of asbestos burden in non-urban patients with and without lung cancer. AB - Asbestos is a recognized carcinogen which is widely available for environmental exposure. Since all members of our society are exposed to asbestos containing environments and, indeed, have asbestos fibres in their lungs, the concern exists as to its significance in contributing to the incidence of lung cancer in such populations. The asbestos burden was compared in lung tissue from control and lung cancer patients who had resided in a non-urban environment. There were no significant differences between the asbestos burdens in both age matched groups; however, the proportions of amphiboles to chrysotile were different from those reported in previous urban based studies. This difference was suggested to be attributable to chrysotile exposure in urban air. All patients had appreciable non-asbestos fibres within their lungs. The results indicate that when comparing any dust burden in lungs, it is necessary to have data from regional control populations before attempting to explore causal-disease relationships. PMID- 3251684 TI - Mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene in uninduced tissues from BALB/c mice and Sprague Dawley rats as an index of possible health risks using the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. AB - The mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] in uninduced tissues from Sprague Dawley rats and BALB/c mice resulted in no age, sex or tissue-related differences when S9 preparations from lung, kidney and spleen were used in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Liver S9 fractions from both species resulted in a significantly greater number of His+ revertants (TA98) per plate than observed on the control plates (spontaneous reversion rate). Liver homogenates from adult Sprague-Dawley rats showed a significantly lower potential to activate B(a)P than homogenates from adult BALB/c mice. In both species, male liver microsomal enzymes had a greater potential to activate B(a)P than female microsomal enzymes. These data indicated that in uninduced tissues B(a)P may not be a very powerful mutagenic agent. More detailed in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to assess the precise health risks associated with this environmental pollutant. PMID- 3251685 TI - Must dysphagic patients always receive food and water? PMID- 3251683 TI - Element localisation and distribution in the fungi Aureobasidium pullulans and Aspergillus niger, measured using the Oxford scanning proton microprobe. AB - The distribution and relative concentrations of essential elements were determined in germ tubes of Aureobasidium pullulans and hyphae of Aspergillus niger using the Oxford scanning proton microprobe. In both fungi, K, P and S were the major constituents, with Ca, Na and trace metals like Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn present at lower levels. In A. pullulans, elements were not distributed uniformly throughout the cells and, in general, the highest elemental concentrations occurred at the tip and in the older parts of the germ tube, particularly where there was yeast-like cell or branch development. In A. niger, elemental distribution was more uniform and there was a general gradient of increasing concentration away from the hyphal tip followed by a drop in levels in older regions. The scanning proton microprobe appears to have considerable potential for the investigation of fungal differentiation and morphogenesis. PMID- 3251686 TI - The influence of videofluoroscopy on the management of the dysphagic patient. PMID- 3251687 TI - Psoriasis, dysphagia, and esophageal webs or rings. PMID- 3251689 TI - Research note: synchronization of timed videofluoroscopic tapes of swallowing with other data channels. PMID- 3251688 TI - Speed of peristalsis in pharyngeal constrictor musculature: correlation to age. PMID- 3251690 TI - Pharyngeal swallow in gastroesophageal reflux disease. PMID- 3251691 TI - Upper esophageal sphincter pressure recording: is an oval manometry catheter necessary? PMID- 3251692 TI - Dysphagia in the pediatric AIDS population. PMID- 3251694 TI - Pharyngeal dysphagia in a patient with unsuspected cervical fracture: a case report. PMID- 3251693 TI - Esophageal carcinoma: CT--staging of tumor infiltration. PMID- 3251695 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in Fanconi's anemia. PMID- 3251696 TI - Swallowing problems in the elderly. PMID- 3251697 TI - Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing safety: a new procedure. PMID- 3251698 TI - Treatment of dysphagia in esophageal carcinoma: transthoracic en-bloc esophagectomy and reconstruction 48 hours later. PMID- 3251699 TI - Dysphagia following lightning strike. PMID- 3251701 TI - [26th scientific meeting of the Polish Orthopedic and Traumatological Society. Abstracts]. PMID- 3251700 TI - Pharyngeal dysmotility in a patient with Wilson's disease. PMID- 3251702 TI - [Triple pelvic osteotomy in acetabular insufficiency]. PMID- 3251703 TI - [P.C.A. hip joint prosthesis: results at short-medium term]. PMID- 3251704 TI - [unreduced fractures of the tibial plateau: surgical treatment]. PMID- 3251705 TI - [Baker's operation in the treatment of equinus deformity caused by cerebral palsy]. PMID- 3251706 TI - [Transposition of the anterior tibial apophysis in the treatment of patellar instability without luxation]. PMID- 3251708 TI - [Surgical interventions in the rehabilitation of the tetraplegic arm caused by vertebro-spinal cord injuries: general principles and critical review of various clinical cases]. PMID- 3251707 TI - [Diagnostico-differential problems in acute osteomyelitis and Ewing's sarcoma]. PMID- 3251709 TI - [Experimental evaluation of the bone healing process in rabbits treated with hyperbaric oxygenation therapy and with the Ilizarov method of fracture fixation]. PMID- 3251710 TI - [Mucolipidosis I: a disease of lysosomal accumulation of orthopedic value. Presentation of 4 cases]. PMID- 3251711 TI - [Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome: 2 cases of ours]. PMID- 3251713 TI - [Congenital hypothyroidism (description of a clinical case and review of the literature)]. PMID- 3251712 TI - [Kirner's deformity: description of a case]. PMID- 3251714 TI - [A rare localization of osteoid osteoma: the ischio-pubic ramus]. PMID- 3251715 TI - [Surgical treatment of the recurrent anterior luxation of the distal epiphysis of the ulna. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3251716 TI - [A case of hemophilic arthropathy of the knee: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 3251717 TI - Possible mechanisms related to contraction of the bovine iris sphincter in the presence of acetylcholine and carbachol. AB - Using tension-recording methods, we compared the effects of acetylcholine (Ach) and carbachol on the bovine iris sphincter. The isolated muscle strips were mounted in a 0.2 ml organ bath, through which Krebs solution at 36 degrees C flowed continuously. There was a ten-thousandfold difference in potency between carbachol and Ach in this tissue. Neostigmine or eserine, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors, produced a larger contraction of the muscle than did Ach. Ach induced contractions were potentiated by low doses of anti-AchEs and were inhibited by atropine. This in vitro study suggests that Ach and/or endogenous chemical agents may be spontaneously released from tissues and that AchE activities in this tissue strongly inhibit or mask the Ach action, probably in order to protect the nerve terminals from released Ach. PMID- 3251718 TI - Nontoxic concentration of antibiotics for intravitreal use--evaluated by human in vitro ERG. AB - The effects of penicillin G (PC-G) sodium, procaine PC-G, cloxacillin sodium (MCIPC), disodium sulbenicillin (SBPC), cefazolin sodium (CEZ), gentamicin sulfate (GM) and fosfomycin sodium (FOM) on the electroretinogram (ERG) of the human in-vitro eye-cup were studied. The oscillatory potentials (OPs) were selectively and greatly suppressed by 1.0 mM PC-G sodium. The OPs and c-wave were suppressed by 0.85 mM procaine PC-G. The b-wave and OPs were slightly suppressed by 1.0 mM MCIPC. The a-wave, b-wave, OPs and c-wave were not deteriorated by 1.0 mM SBPC. The OPs appeared to be selectively suppressed by 1.0 mM CEZ. The b-wave was suppressed and the peak latencies of the OPs were delayed by 184 micrograms/ml (approximately 0.4 mM) GM. The amplitudes of the a-wave and c-wave were slightly enhanced and their peak latencies were slightly delayed by 184 micrograms/ml GM. The a-wave, b-wave, OPs and c-wave were not deteriorated by 1.0 mM FOM. The results of the present study on the human retina were comparable to those on the albino rabbit retina in our previous studies. PMID- 3251719 TI - Ocular autonomic function in progressive autonomic failure. AB - Ocular autonomic function was assessed in 4 patients with progressive autonomic failure (PAF) and age-matched control subjects, by measurement of the pupil cycle time, and determination of autonomic denervation hypersensitivity of the iris. Pupil cycle time was abnormal in all patients with PAF; sustained pupil cycling was absent in 5 of the 8 eyes tested of the PAF patients, compared with only 16 eyes from 70 control subjects. Pupil constriction in response to 2.5% methacholine, indicative of parasympathetic denervation hypersensitivity, was significantly increased in patients with PAF (p less than 0.001), whilst pupil dilation in response to 0.5% phenylephrine, indicative of sympathetic denervation hypersensitivity, was also significantly higher in the PAF patients (p less than 0.001). The results suggest that ocular autonomic function may provide a sensitive early indicator of generalised autonomic dysfunction. PMID- 3251720 TI - Perimetric variability: importance of criterion level. AB - Perimetry suffers from considerable variability of results. A new technique for estimating individual criterion levels in normal subjects exposes the important role of psychological variables. The analysis depends on features peculiar to acuity perimetry. It can be accommodated in the regular examination. The results can be used to compensate for practice effects in serial examinations and to tighten the range of normal limits. The reduction in variation between normal subjects amounted to 57 per cent. PMID- 3251721 TI - The effect of regression towards the mean on visual disability rating scales. AB - The effects of regression towards the mean on visual disability rating scales are analyzed. Some current strategies underestimate true visual disability by approximately 20% because they selectively retest missed points. This error does not occur if single pass or global retesting is utilized. Global retesting is a cost effective method of minimizing this problem and decreasing test variance. PMID- 3251722 TI - [Detection of the capacity of retina pigmented epithelium cells in the newborn rat for phagocytosis of rod exterior segments]. PMID- 3251723 TI - [Differential identification of ID sequence of DNA in cells of the rat, mouse, and rat-mouse radiation chimera]. PMID- 3251724 TI - [Parallel DNA: the possibility of its existence]. PMID- 3251725 TI - [Presence of a correlation between the lengths of polypeptide chains of proteins]. PMID- 3251726 TI - [Nerve growth factor induces rapid redistribution of f-actin in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells]. PMID- 3251727 TI - [Cloning and structural analysis of complementary DNA of the human neuroleukin gene]. PMID- 3251728 TI - [Catecholamine synthesis in rat tissues after short-term hyperthermia]. PMID- 3251729 TI - [Coincidence of chronic pancreatitis and duodenitis]. AB - Biopsies taken from various regions of the duodenal mucosa were investigated with a quantitative histological method with a view to frequency, quantity, and localisation of the duodenitis in clinically proven chronic pancreatitis. The histologic classification of duodenitis was made according to Whitehead et al. Out of 46 patients suffering from a chronic pancreatitis, 19 had a duodenitis grade 1 in the pars superior and pars descendens. A more frequent occurrence of duodenitis with concomitant chronic gastritis or a pathologic condition of the bile duct or a chronic alcohol abuse could not be proved statistically. PMID- 3251730 TI - [Smear layer and dentine moisture after the preparation of the root canal]. PMID- 3251731 TI - [The mutual wear of ceramics, enamel and dental alloys]. PMID- 3251733 TI - [Differences of practical relevance between DC and AC dental X-ray units]. PMID- 3251732 TI - [Sensitivity problems following mandibular conduction anesthesia]. PMID- 3251734 TI - [Frequency and prevalence of caries in children attending kindergartens and daytime homes in Hamburg in 1987]. PMID- 3251735 TI - [Genetic studies on X-chromosomal, incompletely dominant hypoplasia of tooth enamel]. PMID- 3251736 TI - [Diameter and arrangement of enamel prisms. A morphological study]. PMID- 3251737 TI - [Lectin binding sites of human gingival fibroblasts]. PMID- 3251738 TI - [Dental disease and dental treatment in patients of dental practices]. PMID- 3251739 TI - [The timing of deciduous molar root resorption]. PMID- 3251740 TI - [Pathohistological reactions of the peri-implant tissues after implant loss]. PMID- 3251741 TI - [Different manifestations of hyperactivity of cranio-mandibular muscles]. PMID- 3251742 TI - [Epidemiological studies of the etiology of dysfunctions in the stomatognathic system]. PMID- 3251743 TI - [Treatment of painful anterior disk displacement--1. Splint therapy of disk displacement with reduction]. PMID- 3251744 TI - [Occlusal function after surgical correction of a distal bite]. PMID- 3251745 TI - [Treatment of eccentric and centric disk displacement]. PMID- 3251746 TI - [Errors and distortions in sagittal plane recordings of instrumental functional analysis]. PMID- 3251747 TI - [Comparison of clinical and instrumental methods to analyse the TMJ position]. PMID- 3251748 TI - [Reproducibility of manually guided and neuromuscular TMJ movements]. PMID- 3251749 TI - [Electronic-axiographic study and analysis of TMJ function for physiotherapy]. PMID- 3251750 TI - [Resilience of the human TMJ in transverse direction]. PMID- 3251751 TI - [Comparison of analogue and digital evaluation of electronic methods of mandibular movement recordings]. PMID- 3251752 TI - [On the influence of weight and point of gravity position of the mandibular recording bow on the course of axiographic tracings]. PMID- 3251753 TI - Relevant muscle physiology in the problematics of craniomandibular disorders. PMID- 3251754 TI - [On the diagnosis of functional TMJ disorders]. PMID- 3251755 TI - Periodontally derived pulpal lesions. PMID- 3251756 TI - A comparison of the effects of cresol and eugenol on bovine pulp. PMID- 3251757 TI - Tissue response to a quaternary ammonium compound in a controlled release delivery system. PMID- 3251758 TI - Clinical efficacy of an endodontic antiseptic in a controlled release delivery system. PMID- 3251759 TI - In vitro study of the sealing ability of four retrograde filling materials. PMID- 3251760 TI - Surgical extrusion of root-fractured teeth--a follow-up study of two surgical methods. PMID- 3251761 TI - Local injection of Benadryl for the prevention of iatrogenic endodontic flare ups. PMID- 3251762 TI - Characteristic difficulty in rhythmic movement with aging and its relation to Parkinson's disease. AB - A total of 137 healthy participants aged from 20 to 79 years, including 59 over 60 years, were examined using a finger-tapping test. The test requested the participant to respond synchronously with the right middle finger to a periodic sound train with frequencies of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Hz (cycles/sec). Difficulty keeping the rhythmic movement at a given rate was found to be a characteristic of aging. For the participants over 30 years, the mean rate of tapping deviated towards a faster rate for the stimulus frequency at 4 or 5 Hz (hastened tap, HT). The percentage of the participants who exhibited HT increased with decade of age; 0(20s), 11(30s), 13(40s), 17(50s), 30(60s) and 29(70s). HT in aging appears similar to hastened tapping which is typically observed in patients with Parkinson's disease and may be related to extrapyramidal dysfunction. Hastened tapping in the elderly supports the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease is a model for premature aging, suggesting that HT in aging represents an extrapyramidal motor dysfunction due to the neuroanatomical and neurochemical changes in the nigro-striatal system of the aging brain. PMID- 3251763 TI - Self-recognition in senile dementia. AB - Eighteen women with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type were observed in two situations of mirror-image stimulation, which were repeated after a 3-week interval. Six out of six subjects scoring 5 on the Global Deterioration Scale of Reisberg et al. reacted appropriately to an unfamiliar mark on their forehead when they observed it in the mirror, thus showing clear self-recognition. Fifty percent of the subjects at GDS 6 showed such evidence of self-recognition, and no subject at GDS 7 did so. In contrast, whereas 50% of GDS 5 subjects responded to a directly visible mark on the back of the hand, all GDS 6 subjects reacted to this mark. These results suggest that the capacity for self-recognition may start to be compromised by GDS stage 6, and that the eventual failure to show self recognition in severe senile dementia cannot be dismissed in terms of a simple lack of motivation. PMID- 3251764 TI - The problem of naming in SDAT: a relative deficit. AB - Research relating to language disorder in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) has focused primarily on naming impairment, formally termed anomia or nominal aphasia/dysphasia. Data resulting from this research have been insufficiently informed by a comparative linguistic framework in which performance on naming tasks is contrasted with performance on other forms of language tasks. The present study involves the comparison of 21 adults with SDAT and 18 demographically controlled normal elderly adults on the Test for Syntactic Complexity and fifteen subtests of the Western Aphasia Battery. Performance on naming is compared with performance on oral language variables of repetition, yes/no response, auditory word recognition, sequential commands, syntactic processing, as well as with performance on reading tasks and non-verbal tasks. Findings relating to oral language tasks show that structured syntactic processing requiring explicit interpretation and sequential commands are significantly more difficult for the SDAT sample than are three of four naming tasks. Further, significant SDAT performance variability is found across naming tasks. The generative categorical naming task is found to be significantly more difficult for the SDAT patient than are the other three naming tasks. It is concluded that the generative categorical naming task should be regarded as a meta-naming task. In sum, it is found that although language dysfunction in SDAT has anomic components, the essential character of the language disorder is not best conceptualized as a problem of naming. PMID- 3251765 TI - Instructional variation and adult age differences in activity memory. AB - Recall of a series of 12 activities was compared for young and elderly subjects performing under four instructional conditions: incidental memory, standard intentional memory, intentional-emphasis, and interpolated recall (intermediate recall tests after every three activities had been performed). Relative to the incidental memory condition, superior recall was found for subjects in the intentional-emphasis and intentional-interpolated recall conditions. An age related deficit in recall was found, but the Age X Instructional Condition interaction was not significant. Instructional variation was also found to affect temporal memory scores for the order in which the activities has been performed. An age-related deficit in temporal memory proficiency was found for all conditions except that of interpolated recall. On the other hand, instructional variation had a negligible effect on performance scores for the 12 specific activities. PMID- 3251766 TI - Age and context effects in lexical decision: an age by context interaction. AB - The present experiment demonstrates greater priming effects in a lexical decision task for older adults than for younger adults. Thirty-six older adults and thirty six younger adults participated in a lexical decision experiment in which primes were category names and related targets were category exemplars that varied in category dominance. This manipulation of category dominance was intended to limit the predictability of target words based on prime words. Results showed that older adults had significantly greater priming effects than did younger adults. This outcome represents a departure from most studies of age effects on priming in lexical decision. It is suggested that older adults make greater use of context than younger adults when the context is of limited predictive value. PMID- 3251767 TI - Phagocytic activity of blood cells in diabetic risk probands and newly diagnosed type 1 diabetics. AB - The phagocytic activity of granulocytes and mononuclear blood cells was compared in probands at risk for insulin-dependent Type 1 diabetes mellitus and in newly diagnosed diabetics before and during short-term insulin treatment. Healthy persons without family history of Type 1 diabetes were used as controls. Furthermore, the relationship between phagocytic activity and the proportion on monocytes in the granulocyte- and mononuclear blood cell fractions was estimated. The phagocytic activity of the mononuclear cells from the risk subjects was reduced. This observation suggests that defective phagocytosis might be important in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes. But the phagocytic activity of mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed diabetics was not severely impaired and was fully normal under insulin treatment. We found no differences in the phagocytic activity of the granulocytes between patients and healthy probands. The proportion of monocytes in the mononuclear cell fraction was significantly enhanced in newly diagnosed diabetics and remained high throughout the 6-month period of insulin therapy. We assume that the increased monocyte level and the phagocytic activity of mononuclear cells in diabetics are not related to each other. But the increased monocyte level could also be interpreted as a compensatory reaction against the impaired phagocytic activity observed in the risk probands. PMID- 3251768 TI - The serum amino acid spectrum of insulin-dependent diabetics and controls from Ethiopia. AB - The serum amino acid spectrum was examined in healthy men and insulin-dependent diabetics from Ethiopia. Comparison of serum amino acids of controls from Gondar with Ethiopians after adaptation to a free European diet revealed a marginal low protein nutrition, but not the characteristic changes of malnutrition or experimental starvation. There was no apparent nutritional deficiency of sulphur containing amino acids in Ethiopians. Insulin-dependent diabetics showed significantly elevated serum levels of BCAA indicating an accelerated protein catabolism in recent-onset insulin-deficient patients and known diabetics respectively, most of them in poor metabolic condition. Serum glutamine levels were reduced, suggesting a considerable renal contribution to the hyperglycaemia/glucosuria of diabetics. The data may be best explained by the low residual insulin secretion at diabetes onset or by the poor degree of metabolic control of known Ethiopian diabetics. PMID- 3251769 TI - Partial compensation of sexual receptivity deficits in female rats with bilateral lesions of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus by transplants of fetal mediobasal hypothalamic tissue. AB - Bilateral aspiration as well as bilateral electrolytic lesions of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) in ovariectomized, adult female rats treated with testosterone or estrogen resulted in a long-lasting decrease of sexual receptivity. Fetal mediobasal hypothalamic (MBH) tissue was grafted successfully to the site of VMN lesions. The following presuppositions for a sufficient rate of long-term survival of the grafts could be defined: (1) careful lesioning and minimalizing of damage to the surrounding tissues, (2) high vitality of the donor fetuses, (3) delay of transplantation after lesioning, and (4) testosterone treatment of the recipient animals at an early stage of graft development. In rats with surviving MBH grafts the receptivity deficits resulting from bilateral aspiration of the VMN were compensated partially. PMID- 3251770 TI - Sex-specific postnatal development of negative oestrogen feedback in rats. AB - Experiments were performed in immature and adult male and female rats to study the postnatal development of the negative oestrogen feedback in males and to investigate the mechanisms underlying this development. The following results were obtained: 1. Immature male and neonatally androgenized female rats were less responsive to the LH-inhibiting effect of oestradiol benzoate (OB) than untreated females. In contrast, long-term castrated adult males and females with the androgen-induced persistent oestrus syndrome were distinctively more sensitive than cyclic females to the negative feedback action of oestrogen. 2. The low oestrogen sensitivity in prepubertal males is probably caused by the testicular androgen secretion during the perinatal critical differentiation phase, because after neonatal castration, the LH response to OB injected at 21 days of age did not differ between both sexes. 3. As opposed to the peripubertal desensitization to the negative feedback action of testosterone, the sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of oestrogen on LH secretion did not decrease in males at the time of puberty. 4. Whereas former studies have shown that implantation of OB in the medial preoptic area results in significant reduction of the oestrogen sensitivity in female rats, medial preoptic implants containing oestradiol, testosterone or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone did not diminish the LH-suppressing effect of s.c. injected OB in males. The results suggest that 1. a marked sex difference exists in the postnatal development of the negative oestrogen feedback in rats. 2. Higher oestrogen sensitivity in adult male as compared to adult female rats may depend, at least partly, on prepubertal and cyclic desensitization of the negative oestrogen feedback in females and more or less constant sensitivity in males from infancy to adulthood. 3. In males the oestrogen sensitivity seems to be settled for long by the testicular androgen secretion during the perinatal critical differentiation phase. 4. The prepubertal increase of gonadotrophin secretion necessary for the induction of male puberty may mainly be caused by diminution of the gonadotrophin-inhibiting effect of androgens and by the decline of testicular release of inhibin. 5. The oestrogen induced desensitization of the negative oestrogen feedback mediated by the medial preoptic area is probably a sex-specific mechanism that is only operative in female rats. PMID- 3251771 TI - Serum lipoprotein changes in female rats treated with progesterone or synthetic gestagens alone or in combination with estradiol. I. Total and fractionated cholesterol and lipoprotein pattern. AB - In adult female rats, the effects of progesterone (P), norethisterone acetate (NEA), levonorgestrel (LNG), dienogest (DEG) and chlormadinone acetate (CMA) given alone at doses of 2.5 or 10 mg/kg p.o. or in combination with s.c. implanted estradiol (E2) on total cholesterol (TC), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very-low density-lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were investigated. Additionally, the lipoprotein pattern was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis. Synthetic gestagens derived from nortestosterone (NEA, LNG, DEG) lowered TC by reduction of HDL-C and LDL-C, whereas E2 induced an increase of these lipids. The decrease of HDL-C and LDL-C caused by the gestagens was also found in E2 pretreated rats. In contrast, the pregnane related CMA and P given alone did not diminish TC, HDL-C or LDL-C. But they partly reversed the enhancing effect of E2 on the HDL-C fraction following their simultaneous administration. The results suggest that the cholesterol lowering effects of gestagens are mediated rather via androgen than via progesterone receptors. PMID- 3251772 TI - Molecular interaction of non-steroidal compounds with uterine progesterone receptor (Part II). AB - Some possible non-steroidal antiprogestins were evaluated for their receptor binding activity by competitive protein binding assay in rabbit as well as human uterine cytosol in vitro. Of the 42 compounds belonging to 5 different series tested, dimethyl ester of monobenzylidene succinic acid, 4-ethoxycarbonyl-3-(m methoxybenzyl)-5-(m-anisyl)-gamma-butyrolact one and 2-(3-benzyl-oxybenzyl)-3-(3 acetoxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol exhibit around 20% inhibition of 3H-progesterone binding to uterine cytosol in both species. PMID- 3251773 TI - Light microscopical morphometric classification of oncocytic and chromophobe pituitary adenomas. AB - Light microscopical morphometry was performed on 10 adenomas with oncocytic parts (26%-50% oncocytes, group I), on 9 oncocytic adenomas with 51%-75% oncocytes (group II), and on 12 oncocytic adenomas with 76%-100% oncocytes (group III). We measured the area and circumference of nuclei and areas of cells. Furthermore, shape factors for area and circumference of nuclei and the quotients of nuclei area/cell area were calculated. Data of about 40,000 single measurements were evaluated statistically. There is a clear positive correlation of cell areas compared to the proportion of oncocytes in the respective adenoma. A gradual, steady enlargement of cells can be observed, whereas enlargement of nuclei is seen to a much less extent. Consequently the quotients of area of nuclei/area of cells become smaller with increasing oncocytic transformation, evidence that enlargement of cells takes place in favour of cytoplasm. The three adenoma groups differ significantly from each other in their average cell sizes. Regarding nuclear sizes, the difference is mainly to be seen between group II and III. Comparison of adenomas containing oncocytes with large cell and small cell chromophobe adenomas also show significant differences in sizes of cells and nuclei. Large cell chromophobe adenomas show distinctly larger nuclei, which is looked upon as a display of their endocrine activity. On the other hand, oncocytic adenomas bear comparatively small nuclei in an extended cytoplasm which may well be related to their endocrine inactivity. PMID- 3251775 TI - Non-extraction treatment in the mesofacial crowded case with retrognathism. PMID- 3251776 TI - Skeletal change with long-term wear of the removable Herbst in a post-adolescent male with anterior disk displacement. PMID- 3251777 TI - Mandibular growth following a costochondral transplant in the treatment of hemifacial microsomia. PMID- 3251774 TI - Does high cortisol in uremic patients influence their glucagon levels? AB - In view of the data reported by Barseghian and Levine (1980) that cortisol exerts a direct stimulatory influence on glucagon secretion, the relationship between plasma cortisol and glucagon levels in a group of 43 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) was investigated. A positive correlation (r = 0.363 and 0.811) was found with all patients studied or with 10 patients with urine output above 1000 ml/24 h, respectively. The result obtained suggest that the elevated cortisol levels play some role in the stimulation of glucagon secretion in CRF patients. PMID- 3251778 TI - LARS treatment for vertical development and A-P growth. PMID- 3251779 TI - Distalization of the maxillary arch and expansion of the mandibular arch followed by equilibration. PMID- 3251780 TI - Class II, division 2 correction and increased lower facial height with use of the LARS. PMID- 3251781 TI - N,N-disubstituted 4-amino-(6-methoxy)-3-phenyl-2H-naphtho [1,2-b]pyran-2-ones with antiarrhythmic, platelet antiaggregating and local anesthetic activities. AB - The synthesis of title compounds (VI) by 1,4-cycloaddition of phenylchloroketene to N,N-disubstituted (E)-2-aminomethylene-3,4-dihydro-(6-methoxy) 1(2H)naphthalenones, followed by dehydrochlorination with DBN and dehydrogenation with Pd/C of the resulting cycloadducts, is described. Some compounds (VI) showed antiarrhythmic activity in rats higher or like that of quinidine and platelet antiaggregating activity in vitro like that of acetylsalycilic acid, as well as moderate infiltration anesthesia in mice and weak hypotensive, bradicardic and antiinflammatory activities in rats. PMID- 3251782 TI - Aminoethers of 1,3,3-trimethyl-5-(phenylmethylene)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-h ydroxy imine with antiarrhythmic activity. AB - The synthesis of beta-dialkylaminoethyl ethers (III a-f) and gamma dialkylaminopropyl ethers (III g-l) starting from 1,3,3-trimethyl-5 (phenylmethylene)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6- hydroxyimine (II) is described. beta-Diisopropylaminoethyl ether (III b) and gamma-piperidinopropyl ether (III i) showed an antiarrhythmic activity in rats similar to that of quinidine. Moreover, a number of ethers (III) showed weak hypotensive and bradycardic activity in rats and moderate infiltration anesthesia in mice. PMID- 3251783 TI - Amidinosemicarbazido derivatives of pyrazole: synthesis and inhibitory effect on blood coagulation and platelet aggregation. AB - Amidinosemicarbazido derivatives of pyrazole having various substituents on pyrazole ring were prepared and their effect on platelet function and blood coagulation was determined in vitro. Platelet aggregation and serotonin release induced by ADP, collagen, arachidonic acid and thrombin were markedly inhibited by pyrazole derivatives at mM concentrations. Compounds with a hydrophobic nucleus at position 1 of the pyrazole ring showed the most potent antiplatelet activity. On the contrary, their effect on blood coagulation was faintly inhibitory. PMID- 3251784 TI - [Synthesis and anti-ulcer activity of some new compounds with arylthiomethyl pyridine structure]. AB - We report the results of the antiulcer activity of some arylthiomethylpyridine compounds. Some of these showed gastroprotective activity against 96% ethanol induced gastric lesions greater than Omeprazole. However they possess antiulcer properties lower than the reference compound against Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. PMID- 3251785 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. XVIII - Stereomeric optically active halogenophenyl-biphenylyl-hydroxypropionic acids. AB - The optically active stereomers of some 3-(fluoro-, chloro-, bromophenyl)-2 biphenylyl-3-hydroxypropionic acids were prepared and tested for antiinflammatory activity. Surprisingly, the four bromo-isomers were the most active ones, particularly in the threo configuration. PMID- 3251786 TI - [New heterocyclic derivatives of benzimidazole with germicidal activity. V. Synthesis and activity of new derivatives of di-2-benzimidazolyl-2,5-furan]. AB - In continuation of the research in the field of germicidal and antimycotic agents, the synthesis of 14 new derivatives of di-2-benzimidazolyl-2,5-furan is described. These derivatives are differently substituted (R not equal to R') in the position 5 of the two benzene rings. These new compounds showed no germicidal or fungicidal activity, when tested on different cultures. New compounds are under investigation. PMID- 3251787 TI - 1,2,3,4,-Tetrahydro-1,2-diazepine derivatives: synthesis and evaluation of antileukemic activity. AB - A series of 3-aryl or etheroaryl-6-cyano-7-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,2-diazepin 5-ones was synthesized and evaluated for its antitumor activity against P388 leukemic tumor system in mice. None of the tested compounds showed significant antitumor properties. PMID- 3251788 TI - Getting from here to there. The professionalization process. PMID- 3251789 TI - The dental hygienist's role in recommending dietary fluoride supplements. PMID- 3251790 TI - Articulation strategies for community college and university based dental hygiene programs. PMID- 3251793 TI - Patient risk from rotational panoramic radiography. PMID- 3251791 TI - Retention of dental sealants following the use of airpolishing and traditional cleaning. PMID- 3251792 TI - Patient risk from intraoral dental radiography. PMID- 3251794 TI - Image contrast using high frequency and half-wave rectified dental x-ray generators. PMID- 3251795 TI - Cephalometrically oriented digital tomosynthesis of the TMJ using a personal computer. PMID- 3251796 TI - Involvement of the maxillofacial region in African Burkitt's lymphoma in the Cape Province and Namibia. PMID- 3251797 TI - Variation in the ossification of the stylohyoid process and ligament. PMID- 3251798 TI - Ponticles of the atlas. PMID- 3251800 TI - Paediatric oral medicine: 5. The oral mucosa (i). PMID- 3251799 TI - Idiopathic periosteal hyperostosis with dysproteinemia (Goldbloom's syndrome): a case report. PMID- 3251801 TI - Paget's disease of bone: an update and dental aspects. PMID- 3251802 TI - The benzodiazepine antagonist. PMID- 3251803 TI - In vivo cusp fracture of endodontically treated premolars restored with MOD amalgam or MOD resin fillings. PMID- 3251804 TI - Temperature rise during polymerization of visible light-activated composite resins. PMID- 3251805 TI - Apparent fracture toughness of dental porcelain with a metal substructure. PMID- 3251806 TI - FJO:functional jaw orthopedics, dental targeted treatments, medical "co incidental" results. PMID- 3251807 TI - Soft splints and electronic stethoscopic auscultation for the evaluation of TM joint sounds: a preliminary study. PMID- 3251808 TI - Functional appliance does job of oral surgeon. PMID- 3251809 TI - Orthodontic mechanics. Part 1: Terminology. PMID- 3251811 TI - Problems faced by fixed & functional schools of thought in pursuit of orthodontic excellence. PMID- 3251810 TI - Risk management and the TMJ disorder patient. PMID- 3251813 TI - The C/C (comfortable/convertible) sleep appliance. PMID- 3251812 TI - A Class II division 2 malocclusion corrected in 41 days. PMID- 3251814 TI - Orthodontic mechanics, Part 2: Modulated appliance therapy. PMID- 3251815 TI - Adult: TMJ, severe headaches, 12-year molar extraction, Class II, crowding, open bite. PMID- 3251816 TI - Orthodontic mechanics, Part 3: Bite opening mechanics. PMID- 3251817 TI - The functional muscle malocclusion concept. PMID- 3251818 TI - The behavioral repertoire of the black-and-white ruffed lemur, Varecia variegata variegata (Primates: Lemuridae). AB - A stable social group of 7 semifree-ranging black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata) was studied for 4 months to catalog the behavioral repertoire of this species. Observations focussed on particular aspects of behavior were conducted before and after this 4-month period to supplement information gathered. Behavior in 11 major categories is detailed: postures, terrestrial locomotion, arboreal locomotion, feeding behavior, vocalizations, scent-marking, affinitive social behavior, agonistic social behavior, play behavior, sexual behavior, and parental behavior. Ruffed lemurs frequently used body positions and locomotor patterns unusual among lemurids, including bipedal hanging and long-descent leaps. These behaviors reinforce dental evidence that Varecia are among the most frugivorous of the Malagasy lemurs. Low intragroup cohesion, infrequent social interaction, and antiphonal use of several long distance vocalizations suggest that ruffed lemurs naturally exhibit fission fusion sociality. Social structure based on interindividual familiarity probably extends across foraging parties for several of the diurnally active lemurs; however, thus far only Varecia seems likely to exhibit fission-fusion sociality analogous to that seen in spider monkeys and chimpanzees. PMID- 3251819 TI - Rank relations of juvenile and subadult natal males of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) at Affenberg Salem. AB - Rank relations of more than 100 juvenile and subadult natal Barbary macaque males were analyzed. Hierarchical relations among individuals of the same age were established early during the first year of life. With few exceptions concerning infants from very high-ranking genealogies, males dominated female peers regardless of maternal rank. Males started to outrank females from older cohorts during the second year of life and completed the process of rank reversal with adult females at 5-6 years of age. An age-graded dominance pattern existed among males from different birth cohorts. Only 3 rank reversals between males from different cohorts were observed. Rank reversals among males of the same birth cohort occurred more frequently. Rank position of a male among his male peers was influenced by birth order, by maternal rank, and by the presence of juvenile brothers. Most males without juvenile brothers had low positions, regardless of maternal rank. Males born late in the birth season were also low-ranking, even when juvenile brothers were present. There was no cohort where ranking among males was determined by maternal rank alone, as is the case in rhesus monkeys and Japanese macaques. Adult/subadult male carriers had no noticeable effect on rank positions of 'their' infants. It is suggested that a weaker influence of Barbary macaque mothers on rank of their sons is related to very early integration of male infants in male social/play groups. PMID- 3251820 TI - Ant-catching wands of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea. PMID- 3251821 TI - Rapid bone healing delayed by bone matrix implantation. PMID- 3251822 TI - Corrosion resistance of the implant materials Contimet 35, Memory, and Vitallium in artificial physiological fluids. PMID- 3251823 TI - Replacement of the auricle by an implant-supported prosthesis with a cast magnetic splint bar for retention: a case report. PMID- 3251824 TI - Introduction to two-phase orthodontic treatment. PMID- 3251825 TI - Health promotion for children in India. PMID- 3251826 TI - XXV. National Conference, Indian Academy of Pediatrics. PMID- 3251827 TI - Prescribing practices in childhood sore throat. PMID- 3251828 TI - Atropine sulphate in asthmatic children. PMID- 3251829 TI - Motor and mental development in relation to certain maternal characteristics. PMID- 3251830 TI - Pica: prevalence and etiology. PMID- 3251831 TI - Health promotion: educating school children in self-care. PMID- 3251832 TI - A simple field test to establish color association with health and ill health. PMID- 3251833 TI - Prevalence of 'at risk' factors in under five children. PMID- 3251834 TI - Hypercholesterolemia in relapse and remission of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3251835 TI - Lethargy in the neonate: a diagnostic and therapeutic approach. PMID- 3251836 TI - Serum creatinine levels in infants. PMID- 3251838 TI - Lower limb gangrene and paralysis following umbilical cord injection. PMID- 3251837 TI - Bronchiolitis obliterans following measles. PMID- 3251839 TI - Extremity gangrene following intramuscular injection. PMID- 3251840 TI - Metaphyseal dysostosis Schmidt type. PMID- 3251841 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: hand mirror cell variant. PMID- 3251842 TI - Incidence of congenital malformations in relation to seasonal variation in West Bengal. PMID- 3251844 TI - Pediatric education in Libya. PMID- 3251843 TI - Femoral pain of solitary neurofibromatous origin. PMID- 3251845 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta type II. PMID- 3251846 TI - The recommended measure. PMID- 3251847 TI - Chloroquine induced psychosis. PMID- 3251848 TI - Success rates for gutta-percha and Kloroperka N-0 root fillings made by undergraduate students: radiographic findings after 10-17 years. PMID- 3251849 TI - Fluorescent microstructure of mineralized dental tissues. PMID- 3251850 TI - Analysis of the pulp chamber floor of human molar teeth. PMID- 3251851 TI - Incidence and distribution of root canal treatments in the central Israeli military dental clinic: a 1-year survey. PMID- 3251852 TI - The intentional instrument separation technique versus the silver cone method: a comparison of the apical seal. PMID- 3251853 TI - A 10-year follow-up on the delayed replantation of a traumatized maxillary incisor. PMID- 3251854 TI - Survival of Arachnia propionica in periapical tissue. PMID- 3251855 TI - Cosmetic aspects of orofacial myofunctional therapy. PMID- 3251856 TI - Orofacial myofunctional disorders: guidelines for assessment and treatment. PMID- 3251857 TI - Treatment for the young child. PMID- 3251858 TI - Motivational considerations in orofacial myofunctional therapy. PMID- 3251859 TI - Orthodontic perspectives on orofacial myofunctional therapy. PMID- 3251861 TI - Orofacial myology as it relates to an orthodontic practice: a personal view. PMID- 3251860 TI - Aerophagia: the case of the inveterate belcher. PMID- 3251862 TI - Oral hygiene: the orofacial myologist's role. PMID- 3251863 TI - Habituation in orofacial myofunctional therapy. PMID- 3251865 TI - Computed tomography as an adjunct in dental implant surgery. PMID- 3251864 TI - Prevalence of oral muscle and speech differences in orthodontic patients. PMID- 3251866 TI - Histological evaluation of lyophilized, demineralized dentin for the treatment of periodontal osseous defects in dogs. PMID- 3251867 TI - Coverage of deep, wide gingival clefts with free gingival autografts: root planing with and without citric acid demineralization. PMID- 3251868 TI - The rationale of the preperiodontal provisional biologic trial restoration. PMID- 3251869 TI - Compromised periodontal treatment for teeth with advanced bone loss. PMID- 3251870 TI - Regeneration of lost attachment apparatus in the dog using Vicryl absorbable mesh (Polyglactin 910). PMID- 3251871 TI - Juvenile periodontitis. Pathogenesis and treatment: a case documentation. PMID- 3251872 TI - Sarcoidosis of the gingiva: an elusive diagnosis. PMID- 3251873 TI - Responses to periodontal injury in the dog: removal of gingival attachment and supracrestal placement of amalgam restorations. PMID- 3251874 TI - Clinical observations on bone regeneration in intrabony pockets following periodontal treatment. PMID- 3251875 TI - New attachment after treatment with root isolation procedures: report for treated Class III and Class II furcations and vertical osseous defects. PMID- 3251876 TI - Considerations in posterior glass-ceramic restorations. PMID- 3251877 TI - Coronal displacement of the junctional epithelium and attachment gain following apically positioned flap with bone resective surgery in dogs. PMID- 3251878 TI - Vascular grafts: in search of the ideal prosthesis. PMID- 3251879 TI - Vascular prosthesis: past, present and future. PMID- 3251881 TI - Axillo-femoral by-pass: technique and long-term results. AB - The paper describes problems related to axillo-femoral (AF) revascularization of the lower limbs on the basis of personal experience of axillo-femoral by-passes performed from 1971 to 1987. The indications to this technique are limited to high-risk patients. The long-term results are analyzed. The paper stresses the difficulties connected with the choice of the level of the proximal and distal anastomoses, as well as the type of prosthesis to be used. PMID- 3251880 TI - Direct surgery on the aorto-iliac area. Prostheses--endarterectomy? AB - Of the 365 surgical techniques performed on the aorto-iliac area in 354 patients, 448 extremities were revascularized by means of the insertion of a prosthesis as a by-pass, and 165 by thromboendarterectomy (TEA), either global or ilio-femoral. The patency rate at five years was 83% for prostheses, and 72% for TEAs, studied as a whole, or 75% for global TEAs, and 60% for ilio-femoral, once they had been individually analysed. The analysis of these results proves that the patency of the ravascularized aorto-iliac area depends more on the associated pathology in the femoro-popliteal distal area, than on the surgical technique that has been applied. There are no significant differences in relation to the early patency or mortality between the three groups, although as regards age, younger patients with fewer risk factors were selected for global TEA operations. PMID- 3251883 TI - Duodenostomy revisited. AB - Four patients were admitted to the Surgical Ward because of massive bleeding from a duodenal ulcer. In three the ulcer was induced by non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. On operation, following pylorotomy and suture of the bleeding artery, neither drainage nor stump closure could be affected safely. Partial gastrectomy with vagotomy, or high subtotal gastrectomy with gastroenterostomy were performed. The duodenum was dealt with by means of a tube duodenostomy. There was no mortality among these patients. Morbidity was related mainly to the extent of preoperative bleeding and associated pathology (e.g. perforation). Patient data is presented in Table I. PMID- 3251882 TI - Experimental study of morphological changes after gastroplasty. AB - Twelve rabbits were sacrificed one and three days, one, two, four and eight weeks after horizontal gastroplasty in order to investigate morphological changes after operation. Histology of the proximal pouch of the stomach showed various degrees of mucosal damage and a close relationship between its severity and high pH of the pouch. This suggested the usefulness of pH measurement of the gastric juice in the proximal pouch as an indicator of mucosal damage after gastroplasty. PMID- 3251884 TI - Morgagni-hernias during infancy. AB - Five cases of Morgagni hernia observed in Teheran Children's Hospital in 1973 1983 are reported. Four of the diagnosed cases were infants less than seven months of age and all presented respiratory symptoms: two of them accompanied by associated malformations. In four cases the hernia was present on the right side and in one on the left. The most common contents of the hernial sac were colon, small-bowel, liver, omentum and stomach. A transthoracic approach was advocated only in cases with solid content in the hernial sac or when differentiation from a solid mass was difficult. For the other cases the transabdominal approach was preferred. The operation chosen of treatment, gave satisfactory results in all the patients. PMID- 3251885 TI - Descending thoracic aorta to bifemoral by-pass graft without laparotomy. AB - Various extra-anatomic by-passes have been described to revascularize lower extremities when conventional aorto-femoral bypass is either not feasible or contraindicated. The technique of descending thoracic aorta to bifemoral by-pass graft obviates the need of a laparotomy and accomplishes revascularization of the lower extremities. There is less blood and fluid loss, reduced operating time and rather fast recuperation after operation. Experience in eight cases suggests that thoracic aorta to bifemoral by-pass graft is an attractive alternative in patients where conventional aorto-femoral by-pass is not feasible and in patients where a previous by-pass graft has failed. PMID- 3251886 TI - The psychological and emotional trauma in cleft palate-cleft lip. PMID- 3251887 TI - Attitudes of psychotherapists towards diagnosis and treatment of depression in old age. PMID- 3251888 TI - A case of promiscuity. PMID- 3251889 TI - Organizational diagnosis and training plan for psychiatrists-commanders of small psychiatric teams treating soldiers suffering from combat reactions. PMID- 3251890 TI - The quest for penile prosthesis: some uncommon aspects of the physician-patient relationship. PMID- 3251891 TI - The relationship of psychiatry to the other branches of medicine. PMID- 3251892 TI - An Israeli Airforce mental health unit: sociopsychological factors and medical care use following psychological intervention. PMID- 3251893 TI - Short-term psychotherapy with Israeli youth during military service. PMID- 3251894 TI - Limits of sensitivity for the radioimmunodetection of colon cancer by means of a hand held gamma probe. AB - This study was undertaken to define the limits for the radioimmunodetection of minimal deposits of colorectal cancer cells using a hand held gamma probe. 125I labeled monoclonal antibody 17-1A and its F(ab')2 fragments were reacted in vitro with cells of the human colorectal cancer line SW 1116. The limits of sensitivity of the probe were determined by injecting doubling dilutions of 125I-antibody coated SW 1116 cells ranging from 10(7) to 3.9 x 10(4) subserosally at 2 cm intervals into 60 cm segments of freshly obtained autopsy or surgical specimens of human colon. A linear relationship was observed between the number of cells injected and the number of counts obtained with either the probe or well counter. As few as 6.25 x 10(5) 125I-antibody coated cells (less than 1 mm3) were detected under experimentally defined conditions by an earlier version of the probe, and 3.9 x 10(4) coated cells (much less than 1 mm3) could be detected by the currently available model. Although the count rates were less than 5% of those obtained by well counter, nevertheless, these were 10-25 times greater than background and allowed the detection of tumor cell deposits that otherwise would not have been discernible by either palpation or external scintigraphy. These findings, in conjunction with ongoing clinical studies, suggest that the hand held gamma probe may increase the usefulness of monoclonal antibodies for the radioimmunodetection of cancer. PMID- 3251895 TI - (N-methyl-[11C])pyrilamine, a radiotracer for histamine H-1 receptors: radiochemical synthesis and biodistribution study in mice. AB - The histamine H-1 receptor antagonist, pyrilamine (N-((4-methoxyphenyl)methyl) N',N'-dimethyl-N-2-pyridinyl-1,2-ethaned i ami ne) was labeled with carbon-11 by N-alkylation of desmethylpyrilamine with [11C]iodomethane, and purified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The chemically and radiochemically pure labeled pyrilamine was obtained with specific activity of approximately 2500 mCi/mumol (EOS). In vivo distribution studies in mice suggest that the distribution of this compound parallels the known histamine H-1 receptor density in the brain. PMID- 3251897 TI - Effect of DTPA to antibody ratio on chemical, immunological and biological properties of the 111In-labelled F(ab')2 fragment of the monoclonal antibody 431/31. AB - When used for immunoscintigraphic detection of malignant tumours, monoclonal antibodies are frequently labelled with indium-111. This study investigated whether antibody properties are affected by DTPA, the chelating agent with which the antibody has to be bound before labelling with indium-111. Chromatography, cell binding assays and animal studies indicated marked changes in the chemical, immunological and biological properties of the F(ab')2 antibody fragment 431/31 at DTPA:F(ab')2 ratios greater than 1. It is concluded that, in order to avoid lasting effects on the normal biokinetic behaviour of this antibody, the DTPA:F(ab')2 ratio for the antibody should not exceed 1. PMID- 3251896 TI - Systemic perfusion: a method of enhancing relative tumor uptake of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. AB - We evaluated the feasibility of systemic vascular perfusion with saline (mimicking plasmapheresis) as a method to enhance tumor-specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) tumor/background ratios. Initially, groups of rats were injected intravenously (i.v.) with 131I-5G6.4 MoAb (murine IgG2aK reactive with ovarian carcinoma). These animal's radioactivity levels were determined by dose calibrator and they were imaged before and after perfusion which was conducted at 4 or 24 h post-antibody injection. Animals were sacrificed after perfusion, as were controls, and normal organ radioactivity levels determined. In addition, nude mice bearing HTB77 ovarian cancers subcutaneously were injected i.v. with 131I-5G6.4 MoAb and were imaged before and after systemic perfusion with saline 24 h post-5G6.4 injection. Perfusion in rats dropped whole-body 5G6.4 levels significantly at both perfusion times (P less than 0.0005). The drop in whole body radioactivity with perfusion was significantly greater for the animals perfused at 4 h post i.v. 5G6.4 antibody injection (48.3 +/- 5.1%) than for those perfused at 24 h post i.v. antibody injection (32.9 +/- 2.9%) (P less than 0.025). In the nude mice with ovarian cancer xenografts, gamma camera images of tumors were visually and quantitatively (by computer image analysis) enhanced by perfusion, with a 2.33-fold greater decline in whole body uptake than in the tumor (P less than 0.05). These studies show that (1) much background antibody radioactivity can be removed using whole-body perfusion with saline, (2) that the decline in whole body activity is larger with 4 than 24 h perfusion and (3) tumor imaging can be enhanced by this approach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3251898 TI - Enhanced glucose metabolism and impaired placental function in hypoxic pregnant rats. AB - Glucose metabolism using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose [( 18F]FDG) was studied in experimental hypoxia (10% oxygen concentration) of pregnant rats with special attention given to the placental function. After an i.v. injection of [18F]FDG, the uptake of 18F increased with time in the maternal brain, placenta and fetus of control rats. In the hypoxic condition, the uptake in these tissues was enhanced significantly, especially in the maternal brain and fetal heart, brain and lungs. A double-label autoradiography with [18]FDG and [14C]iodoantipyrine [( 14C]IAP) was performed to elucidate changes of the placental function in the hypoxic condition. The [18F]FDG image revealed a higher accumulation in the maternal side of the placenta of a control pregnant rat than in its fetal side. [18F]FDG uptake increased in the fetal brain and heart of hypoxic rats. The [14C]IAP image demonstrated that in the control rat there was a clear border zone on the maternal side of the placenta with very low permeability into the fetus. On the other hand, a high and heterogenous accumulation in both placenta and fetal organs was shown in hypoxic rats. We interpret this data to suggest that in a hypoxic condition the function of the placenta as a barrier system is impaired. PMID- 3251899 TI - Chelator-induced enhancement of 67Ga tumour imaging: comparison of desferrioxamine with N,N'-ethylene-bis[2-hydroxy-5-carboxyphenylglycine]. AB - Intravenous injection of the gallium chelating agents, N,N'-ethylene bis[2 hydroxy-5-carboxyphenyl-glycine], (COOH-EHPG), or desferrioxamine (DFO) after gallium-67 (67Ga) injection, improved tumour/non-tumour tissue uptake ratios in mice bearing the EMT-6 sarcoma. Six hours post injection of gallium and 2 h post chelator, COOH-EHPG enhanced the tumour/blood ratios by an order of magnitude compared to untreated controls, whereas DFO increased the ratios three-fold. Twenty two hours post gallium and 2 h post chelator, the increases in ratios compared to controls were seven-fold for COOH-EHPG and two-fold for DFO. The study thus demonstrated the superior ability of COOH-EHPG for the enhancement of 67Ga tumour/blood ratios compared with DFO. PMID- 3251900 TI - Phagocytic labeling of leukocytes with 99mTc-albumin colloid for nuclear imaging. AB - A procedure is described for the phagocytic labeling of white blood cells (WBC) with high specific activity 99mTc--albumin colloid (TAC). The preparation contains approximately equal activities of granulocytes and monocytes. Heparinized whole blood (40 cm3) yields a preparation containing a total of 148 222 MBq (4-6 mCi) TAC-WBC including about 20% free TAC. The complete preparation time is 75 min. Imaging is completed 30 min to 4 h post administration of the TAC WBC. Quality control methods and imaging protocols are described. PMID- 3251901 TI - A novel method for labelling of leukocytes with technetium-99m and its comparative evaluation for abscess scintigraphy. AB - A new method, based on the pretreatment of leukocytes with glucoheptonate prior to treating with reduced 99mTc, has been developed for the preparation of 99mTc labelled leukocytes. The leukocytes labelled with a 99mTc concentration (5.59%/g tissue) similar to that of 111In-leukocytes (6.27%/g tissue), in the experimental abscess were in rat thigh. Concentration of 99mTc-leukocytes in blood at 24 h was only about 35% as compared to that of 111In-leukocytes. Biodistribution in the rat organs was similar in both cases, except in the liver where 99mTc-leukocytes exhibited about 4-fold greater concentration. Images of experimental abscess in rat by using 99mTc-leukocytes were comparable to those obtained with 111In leukocytes. PMID- 3251902 TI - Effects of fasting on the myocardial subcellular distribution and lipid distribution of terminal p-iodophenyl-substituted fatty acids in rats. AB - The myocardial lipid pool distribution and subcellular distribution of radiolabeled methyl-branched fatty acids in rats was evaluated under conditions of fasting (24 h) and feeding. With the unbranched iodophenyl fatty acid, fasting resulted in increased myocardial extraction and clearance time with a decrease in the incorporation into triglycerides and greater radioactivity in the mitochondrial fraction. With the monomethyl-branched analogue, the effects of fasting on lipid and subcellular distribution were minor except for a decrease in triglyceride incorporation. Like the unbranched analogue, the dimethyl-branched iodophenyl fatty acid showed increased myocardial extraction with fasting, however, this structurally-modified fatty acid showed increased rather than decreased incorporation into triglycerides. PMID- 3251903 TI - Comparative radiolabeling and distribution of a tumour-directed monoclonal antibody. AB - The monoclonal antibody (MAb) 155H.7, raised against a synthetic beta-anomer of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (S-TAG), was radioiodinated using iodine monochloride, chloramine-T and Iodogen and radiolabeled with 111In using the bromoacetamido-derivative of benzyl-EDTA. The in vitro immunoreactivity of the MAb was assessed using an ELISA with the S-TAG and the in vivo distribution of the radioiodinated and radiochelated MAb was determined in the murine mammary carcinoma TA3/Ha tumour model. Both chloramine-T and iodine monochloride radioiodination greatly reduced the immunoreactivity of the MAb compared to radioiodination using Iodogen. Bifunctional chelate labeling was comparable to Iodogen in reducing the immunoreactivity of the MAb and subsequent chelation of 111In did not further compromise the immunoreactivity of the MAb. The in vivo distribution data showed significantly different distributions of the radiolabels after injection of the radioiodinated and radiochelated MAb. The 131I-MAb showed some tumour association as compared to the distribution of an 125I-non-specific protein and the data also indicates that there is preferential dehalogenation of the radioiodinated MAb. 111In from the radiochelated MAb showed significantly higher uptake in the tumour than 131I from the 131I-MAb. It is suggested that the differing fates of the two radiolabels within the tumour cell is responsible for the difference in retention observed and not necessarily due to the lack of MAb uptake by the tumour. Overall, the radiochelate label for MAb 155H.7 appears to be superior to radioiodine for in vivo use. PMID- 3251905 TI - Prolactin binding components in prostatic cancer tissue specimens obtained by TURP. AB - The concentration of unoccupied prolactin binding components was measured in 11 prostatic malignant tissue specimens obtained by TURP. Prolactin labeled with 125I binds specifically to mitochondrial and microsomal membrane subcompartments in some well- and medium-differentiated prostate cancer structures (67 and 50% of tumors, respectively). All the examined low-differentiated prostatic cancers (4/4) were found to be receptor-poor tissues. Thermal stability of prolactin binding components in tissues stored for 45 days at -30 degrees C is satisfactory and apparently is significantly greater than that of prostatic androgen receptors. PMID- 3251904 TI - Preclinical assessment of 90Y-labeled monoclonal antibody CO17-1A, a potential agent for radioimmunotherapy of colorectal carcinoma. AB - Monoclonal antibody CO17-1A was radiolabeled with 90Y using the cyclic DTPA anhydride technique and administered intravenously to athymic nude mice bearing SW 948 human colorectal carcinomas. The tumor specificity of 90Y-CO17-1A was improved by coadministration of 100 micrograms of the unlabeled antibody per animal and by purification using HPLC instead of column gel filtration chromatography. Absorbed radiation dose estimates for 90Y-CO17-1A were calculated. The radiation dose to the bone marrow will limit the amount of 90Y CO17-1A that can be administered for cancer therapy. PMID- 3251906 TI - Rapid miniaturized chromatography for 111In labeled monoclonal antibodies: comparison to size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Our laboratory investigated the use of a rapid miniaturized chromatography system, ITLC-SG with 0.9% NaCl, to assess the radiochemical purity of 111In labeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Radiochemical analysis was performed on numerous 111In labeled antibody preparations with labeling efficiencies ranging from 40 to greater than 95% and the results compared to those obtained with size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chromatographic procedure involved challenging radiolabeled antibodies with 0.05 M DTPA to chelate unbound and/or non-specific bound 111In, spotting on miniaturized instant thin layer-silica gel chromatography strips, developing in 0.9% NaCl, and counting appropriate segments for radioactivity. Results of the study demonstrated that the miniaturized chromatography procedure was rapid, taking less than 4 min to complete, and accurate in assessing the amount of unbound or non-specific bound 111In in 111In labeled monoclonal antibodies, when compared to size exclusion HPLC. PMID- 3251907 TI - MIBG and catecholamine storage in the brain: an in-vitro study. AB - The uptake and release of mIBG, a tracer of the monoamine uptake and storage function, were studied on superfused rat cerebral cortex sections. mIBG was taken up and released by a mechanism comparable to that of norepinephrine (NE), but this storage appeared to be less specific for mIBG than for NE. This implies that when mIBG is used as a scintigraphic tracer of monoaminergic synaptic vesicles, imaging should be delayed long enough to ensure release of the molecule from its nonspecific binding sites. PMID- 3251908 TI - Barrier controls in the orthodontic office. PMID- 3251909 TI - The information curve. PMID- 3251910 TI - Predoctoral and continuing education in orthodontics. Opinions of Nebraska Alumni. PMID- 3251911 TI - Practice status report. Practice economics and activity. PMID- 3251912 TI - A silicone material for orthodontic protection. PMID- 3251913 TI - Sterilization and disinfection. Considerations in office design. PMID- 3251914 TI - Transplantation after failure of eruption. PMID- 3251915 TI - Initial management of first molar extraction cases. PMID- 3251916 TI - Transfer fee adjustment. PMID- 3251917 TI - Removable Herbst appliance for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 3251918 TI - Effects of sanguinaria extract on plaque retention and gingival health. PMID- 3251919 TI - The holding appliance. PMID- 3251920 TI - From our office to theirs. PMID- 3251921 TI - Dr. Rudolf Slavicek on clinical and instrumental functional analysis for diagnosis and treatment planning. Part 1. Interview by Dr. Eugene L. Gottlieb. PMID- 3251923 TI - Orthodontic office design. Skylights: the sky's the limit. PMID- 3251922 TI - Treatment of a dilacerated incisor. PMID- 3251925 TI - Improved comfort with ceramic brackets. PMID- 3251924 TI - A fixed functional and TMJ treatment appliance. PMID- 3251926 TI - Orthodontic financial analysis--1987. PMID- 3251927 TI - Relationship of children's compliance to mothers' health beliefs and behavior. PMID- 3251928 TI - Organizing an infection control program. PMID- 3251929 TI - Dr. Rudolf Slavicek on clinical and instrumental functional analysis for diagnosis and treatment planning. Part 2. Interview by Dr. Eugene L. Gottlieb. PMID- 3251930 TI - Precision lingual arches. Passive applications. PMID- 3251932 TI - Continuous fluoride release from removable appliances. PMID- 3251931 TI - Arthur J. Wilcock, Jr. on orthodontic wires. Interview by R. C. Kesling and C. K. Kesling. PMID- 3251933 TI - Psychological aspects of prolonged thumbsucking habits. PMID- 3251934 TI - Clinical and instrumental functional analysis for diagnosis and treatment planning. Part 3. Clinical functional analysis. PMID- 3251935 TI - Treatment of ectopically erupting molars. PMID- 3251936 TI - Impact of education in the knowledge and practices of rural mothers and key family members on diarrhoea and its treatment at home. PMID- 3251937 TI - Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of shigellosis in rural Bangladesh. PMID- 3251939 TI - Perception of diarrhoea and the use of a homemade oral rehydration solution in rural Bangladesh. PMID- 3251938 TI - Chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella typhi in a patient presented with watery diarrhoea. PMID- 3251940 TI - AIDS--a global challenge. PMID- 3251941 TI - The cryosurgery for the treatment of haemorrhoids. PMID- 3251943 TI - Modified shouldice technique: a rapid and safe method of inguinal hernia repair. PMID- 3251942 TI - Microbiological study of leucorrhoea cases in Visakhapatnam. PMID- 3251944 TI - Effect of nifedipine in chronic obstructive airways disease. PMID- 3251945 TI - Rupture uterus. PMID- 3251946 TI - Carcinoma left kidney associated with bilateral cystic disease of the kidneys. PMID- 3251947 TI - Abdominal cocoon. PMID- 3251948 TI - Undergraduate medical curriculum. PMID- 3251950 TI - FDI Director calls on more countries to adopt the FDI two-digit tooth-numbering system. PMID- 3251949 TI - Dyspepsia. PMID- 3251951 TI - An alternative system of teaching dental histology. PMID- 3251952 TI - Hepatitis B, the dentist and the role of vaccination. PMID- 3251953 TI - Bilateral dentigerous cysts. A case history. PMID- 3251954 TI - The distribution of translucent and opaque root dentine in lower premolar teeth: a light and scanning electron microscopic study. PMID- 3251955 TI - Surgical correction of mandibular arch length deficiency. PMID- 3251956 TI - Modification of appliance design for the adult mutilated dentition. PMID- 3251957 TI - Pre-orthognathic surgery evaluation of nasal obstruction. PMID- 3251958 TI - Use of rigid internal fixation for management of intraoperative complications of mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. PMID- 3251959 TI - Cephalometric reference planes--sella nasion vs Frankfort horizontal. PMID- 3251960 TI - Morphology of the submental and neck region. PMID- 3251962 TI - [Cell sorting in flow cytometry]. AB - The aim of the presentation is to introduce a dramatic accomplishments of high technology and the current applications of medicine, particularly in the field of Gynecology and Obstetrics. An author's demonstration includes both of a brief basic concept of window and fraction sorting and some clinical applications. Cell sorting based on genotypic (neoplastic) and phenotypic markers of a benign and malignant lesions of female genital tract seems to be expressed at the cellular and molecular level in terms of degree of cell growth, differentiation and functions, which are not readily appreciated by descriptive morphology. DNA aneuploidy is a conclusive marker of malignant characteristics and a monoclonal antibodies of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), an analog of thymidine, is an available identification of DNA synthetic cells. Among phenotypic cell markers, surface membrane antigens have been extensively studied on the immunological state in pregnancy, peripheral lymphocyte subsets from pregnant women by the use of monoclonal antibodies. From gynecological and obstetrical patients management perspective, a role of cell sorting technology in flow cytometry is emerging as a tool for diagnosis of cancer (DNA abnormalities and cell cycle analysis) multiparameter analysis in quantitation (DNA base pairs, RNA and protein), surface markers for immunological state in pregnancy (membrane antigen and monoclonal antibodies), prognosis (adverse impact of aneuploidy and high S percentage using BrdU with monoclonal antibody) and targeting cytotoxicity to steroid responding tumor cells (estrogen receptor and site-directed chemotherapy). PMID- 3251961 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on the pathogenesis in pregnancy induced hypertension]. AB - Placental ischemia is one of the etiological factors of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), however, the pathogenesis of placental and renal ischemia has not been clarified. The purposes of this investigation are (1) to clarify the fetomaternal hemodynamic changes in PIH and the influence of maternal postural change on fetomaternal hemodynamics, measured by thermodilution method, impedance cardiography and pulsed doppler method during pregnancy, (2) to provide to relationship between intrauterine resting tonus and maternal hemodynamics, that is, blood pressure, placental and renal blood flow measured by electromagnetic flowmeter and thermocouple method, and renal nerve activity, and (3) to study the influence of placental ischemia on vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II measured by Magnus method in animal experiment. (1) The increase in C.O and blood volume were recognized from the beginning of pregnancy to 24 GW, and subsequently, the decreasing tendency were found from about 32 GW to the onset of labor. However this decreasing tendency were subsided in the lateral position. These circulatory changes were observed in both normotensive and PIH cases, and especially, the decrease in C.O and blood volume in late pregnancy were more remarkable in PIH than that in normotensive pregnancy. From the results of Starling curve, left ventricular work was more hyperdynamic status in PIH than that in normotensive pregnancy, these results show that there are a compensatory mechanism against high vascular resistance in PIH. A/B (S/D) ratio in uterine artery, umbilical artery and fetal aorta were lowered in II-nd and III-rd trimester and more decreased in the lateral position from the supine position, on the other hand these ratio in PIH were elevated respectively. These results show that there are the aortocaval compression by the heavy tensive uterus and subsequent sluice flow mechanism in fetoplacental circulation in the supine position in late pregnancy. (2) These vascular compression were recognized very often in PIH accompanying with increasing in uterine resting tonus. It was recognized in pregnant rabbit that an increase in uterine resting tonus in the ovarian side caused an increasing blood pressure, a decrease in renal and placental blood flow and an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). After resection of the suspensory ligament of ovarii, an increase in resting tonus in the ovarian side did not only cause an increase in RSNA, but also a decrease in renal blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3251964 TI - Program and abstracts of the 40th annual scientific meeting of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Osaka, April 3-5, 1988. PMID- 3251963 TI - [Progress of contraceptive methods--OC and IUD]. AB - In Japan, most couples use traditional methods, with about 80% relying on the condom and a further significant proportion on the rhythm method. In fact a combination of both methods is common among married couples. The oral contraceptives have the following advantages: Reversibility, simple and easy to use, coitally independent, no skill or knowledge required for its use, high acceptability, no pain or discomfort at use, self-administration, while they have the following disadvantages: Inadequate during lactation, sustained motivation in the female side required, clinical contraindication exists, possible side-effects such as nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, weight gain, questionable possibility of serious side effects such as hypertension, thromboembolic diseases etc., medical supervision and follow up required, expensive cost. The use of the steroidal preparations for contraceptive purpose in Japan awaits official approval. Under present regulations, it is not illegal for the physicians to prescribe the pill, and currently six preparations are available and all contain 50 microgram of estrogen. The reduction in the estrogen and progestogen content of the pill did not appreciably compromise contraceptive potential while untoward effects were considerably lowered. The development and use of the new progestogen also contributed to minimize the possible side effects. Efforts are now being directed at a pill which minimizes metabolic change, decreases the incidence of breakthrough bleeding or spotting, without compromising efficacy. It is with these goals in mind that the multi-phasic pills have been developed in the belief that many of the undesirable side-effects can be circumvented while maintaining almost 100% conception control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3251965 TI - [Cancer and therapy for it--from gynecological standpoints]. AB - Life phenomena have been studied scientifically for more than 160 years. Meanwhile many excellent technology and methodology which human race created have been used in the field of medicine. Analytical research for the constitution of life and impediments to life has remarkably advanced. Pathophysiology of many diseases has been clarified and reasonable and effective treatment for disorders has been organized. Many disorders which showed high mortality in the past are now listed as one of minor diseases in the textbook. However, the disease which cause is unclear and which deprives human race of life still exists. That is "CANCER". The society of medicine devotes the greatest energies to abolish the cancer. I am going to talk about the physiological characteristics of "the cancer in human race" from the gynecological standpoints and to present some facts of studies about the therapy for cancer in our department. I. Evolution of human and cancer 1. Life of species and life of individuals In the development from uni nuclear cell creature to multicellular entity, to give new generation sexual reproduction was out-lasted for the adaptation to environment advantageously after the spread out of mutant gene in this entity. With this evolution, a living creature divided its cells into two types. One is somatic cells which would die in certain period and the other is germ cells which would not die on principle in good environment. In short well evolved living entity clearly established individual life span for the first time and its constituent, that is somatic cells demonstrated "AGEING" phenomena regulating life span.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3251966 TI - [Application of cell engineering techniques for medical science]. AB - The characteristics of the medical science is always fresh utilizing and applying newest techniques developed in the surrounding scientific fields at each time. The molecular biology developed after the 2nd world war has given so great impacts that some technological problems in the medical science have been broken through and many excellent new findings in molecular level have been taken. The most important technique is the culture of somatic cells from human body and the cell biology in vitro was followed by the development of a lot of cell engineering techniques which was quite effective to the research for medical science. Cell fusion is one of the cell engineering techniques. I would like to talk about the 3 kinds of results which have been open corresponding to the cell fusion. I. Gene complementation test became possible among families of a hereditary disease by this technique which was the daybreak of the genetic analyses of human hereditary diseases in laboratories. For a example, 10 complementation groups have been detected in xeroderma pigmentosum which is a recessive hereditary disease showing deficiency in excision repair of damaged DNA. The next step is the isolation of the gene relating to each complementation group. Recently, a gene corresponding to the complementation group A has been isolated in my lab. II. As well known, formation of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies has given a great impact to cell biology, diagnosis of some diseases and the treatment of cancers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3251967 TI - [Follow-up study on women suffered from severe toxemia of pregnancy]. AB - We started a special follow-up system for women who had a history of severe toxemic pregnancy in our department since 1975. All medical records from 1956 to 1975 were reviewed and 468 deliveries with such disease were registered at that time. One hundred and ninety five deliveries (186 women) also were added from the prospective point of view until 1985. Among 654 patients, 374 women were available to address. I. The latter 186 women were divided into 7 groups: A1, A2, A3, A4, B1; and B2. The definitions of each group were as follows. A1: primipara with severe toxemia; A2: multipara that had a severe toxemia at the first time and then normal pregnancy (ies); A3: multipara that had a severe toxemia in the first pregnancy and then mild one(s); A4: multipara that repeated severe diseases; A5: multipara that had a severe toxemia and then unclassified type(s) of the disease; B1: multipara that had a normal pregnancy at the first time and then severe toxemia(s); B2: multipara that had a mild toxemia in the first pregnancy and then severe one(s). The percent of each group was 25, 24, 13, 15, 4, 6, and 12% respectively. Those women who had severe toxemia(s) were found to have hypertension, high levels of blood urea nitrogen, hyperhematocritemia, and hyperlipemia from the results of clinical and laboratory data. Consequently, they are a high risk group of atherosclerosis, because hypertension and hyperlipemia are main risk factors of that disease. II. Eighty percent of 374 women who had a history of severe toxemia from 1956 to 1985 was able to be followed up by us until 1987. Those women also were divided into the same groups as described above except A5, and checked up as to hypertension, hyperlipemia, body weight, and so on. The characteristic features were that the group A2 is in a well condition, and that many of group A4 are suffering from various diseases with regard to the remote prognosis. In conclusions, it was suggested that there may be four etiologic causes as to toxemia of pregnancy. The first is a disadaptation during pregnancy, and this seems to consist mainly of pregnancy induced hypertension. The second has various underlying diseases, such as chronic hypertension or renal disease, etc.. The third has a hypertensive trait which is manifested as the pregnancy advances. The fourth is considered to be related to biologic ageing. PMID- 3251968 TI - Nutritional behavior and status of German university students. PMID- 3251969 TI - Fasciola gigantica: the second case of human infection in Thailand. PMID- 3251970 TI - The problem of snake bite diagnosis: a case report and two-year hospital review. PMID- 3251971 TI - Malignant histiocytosis with clinical presentation of compression of cauda equina. PMID- 3251972 TI - Postcricoid hemangioma. PMID- 3251973 TI - One human case of trichostrongyliasis in Thailand. PMID- 3251974 TI - Canal configuration of the mandibular second molar using a clinically oriented in vitro method. PMID- 3251975 TI - Endosonics in curved root canals. Part II. PMID- 3251976 TI - A comparison of the effect of modified and nonmodified instrument tips on apical canal configuration. Part II. PMID- 3251977 TI - In vitro study of the toxicity of a composite resin, silver amalgam, and Cavit. PMID- 3251978 TI - Structural relationships in the human odontoblast layer, as demonstrated by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. PMID- 3251979 TI - The importance of material preparation for the expression of cytotoxicity during in vitro evaluation of biomaterials. PMID- 3251980 TI - Pulpal-periradicular pathosis causing sinus tract formation through the periodontal ligament of adjacent teeth. PMID- 3251981 TI - Maxillary first molar with six canals. PMID- 3251983 TI - The effects of four instrumentation techniques on root canal shape. PMID- 3251982 TI - Factors associated with endodontic interappointment emergencies of teeth with necrotic pulps. PMID- 3251985 TI - A clinical evaluation of the voltage gradient method of measuring the root canal length. PMID- 3251984 TI - Sealing ability of Cavit and TERM as intermediate restorative materials. PMID- 3251986 TI - Histological study of untreated pulps in hemisected teeth in baboons. PMID- 3251987 TI - An investigation into the feasibility of photobleaching tetracycline-stained teeth. PMID- 3251988 TI - The effect of condensation pressure on the apical seal. PMID- 3251989 TI - Prevalence of pulp stones in a teenage Iraqi group. PMID- 3251990 TI - Clinical management of middle mesial root canals in mandibular molars. PMID- 3251991 TI - A unique approach to the treatment of a tooth with dens invaginatus. PMID- 3251992 TI - Root form and canal anatomy of mandibular second molars in a southern Chinese population. PMID- 3251994 TI - Temperature changes measured in vivo at the dentinoenamel junction and pulpodentin junction during cavity preparation in the Macaca fascicularis monkey. PMID- 3251993 TI - Variations in the radiographic interpretation of the periapical dental region. PMID- 3251995 TI - Effectiveness of four methods for preparing root canals: a scanning electron microscopic evaluation. PMID- 3251996 TI - An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of Nitinol root canal files. PMID- 3251997 TI - Reliability and validity of a digital pulp tester as a test standard for measuring sensory perception. PMID- 3251998 TI - Odontogenic hamartoma--an endodontic approach. PMID- 3251999 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia and endodontically treated teeth. PMID- 3252000 TI - Intron sequences may influence the efficiency and correctness in selecting a 3' splicing acceptor site. PMID- 3252001 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of TSH receptor antibodies in thyroid diseases. PMID- 3252002 TI - Clinical study of treatment and immunodiagnosis in patients with clonorchiasis. PMID- 3252003 TI - Clinical significance of anatomy of penile deep dorsal vein. PMID- 3252004 TI - Mucous cysts of the fingers. PMID- 3252005 TI - Study on urinary chloride concentrations in acute renal failure. PMID- 3252006 TI - [Pneumatic pylon: clinical trial in early ambulation of amputees]. PMID- 3252007 TI - [Cardiopulmonary function during maximal exercise by upper extremities in subjects with longstanding paralysis of lower limbs after poliomyelitis]. PMID- 3252009 TI - An extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma with spontaneous remission and recurrence: report of a case. PMID- 3252008 TI - [Diagnosis and prognosis of acute viral hepatitis in young adult]. PMID- 3252010 TI - [Primary atrophic rhinitis as a dominant inheritance in a family]. PMID- 3252011 TI - Lumbar disc herniation: value of oblique magnetic resonance imaging sections. PMID- 3252012 TI - MRI of the spine and spinal cord: infectious and inflammatory pathology. PMID- 3252013 TI - Radiological features of intradural epidermoid cysts. Contribution of MRI to the diagnosis. PMID- 3252015 TI - Transient disappearance of bilateral low-density lesions of the globi pallidi in carbon monoxide intoxication and MRI. PMID- 3252016 TI - Schilder's disease: neuroradiological findings. PMID- 3252014 TI - Iotrol: a new contrast medium for the subarachnoid space. Our clinical experience in myelography. PMID- 3252017 TI - Effect of nisoldipine on coronary resistance, contractility and oxygen consumption of the isolated blood-perfused canine left ventricle. AB - Nisoldipine reportedly has little direct myocardial effect. However, because of interactions between the heart and vascular load, the effects on myocardial contractility and left ventricular oxygen consumption (LVO2) have not been established. The authors performed experiments on six isolated, blood-perfused canine left ventricles that were isovolumically contracting and paced at constant rate. Coronary arterial pressure (CAP) and coronary blood flow were measured for evaluation of coronary vascular resistance, and coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference was measured for determination of LVO2. Intracoronary injection of 1 and 10 micrograms of nisoldipine decreased coronary vascular resistance by 16.9 and 36.8% (CAP approximately 40 mm Hg), respectively, and by 21.5 and 47.7% (CAP approximately 80 mm Hg). At both doses, nisoldipine caused no decrease in peak systolic pressure as long as CAP was kept constant at 80 mm Hg. However, when CAP was decreased to 40 mm Hg, peak systolic pressure was significantly decreased even without nisoldipine. This impaired contractile state was associated with a decreased coronary blood flow and a slight decrease in LVO2, whereas 10 micrograms of nisoldipine at CAP approximately 80 mm Hg increased LVO2 significantly. Using the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship as an index of contractility, the authors found nisoldipine not to change the contractile state at CAP approximately 80 mm Hg. They conclude that nisoldipine decreases coronary vascular resistance over a wide range of CAP. It neither depresses the contractile state nor decreases LVO2 in the canine left ventricle. Nisoldipine might effectively counteract anginal attacks by dilating the coronary vessels without depressing myocardial contractility as found in this study on normal ventricle. PMID- 3252018 TI - Cytotoxic, DNA-damaging and mutagenic properties of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4 benzoquinone, formed by dimethophrine-nitrite interaction. AB - In conditions similar to those occurring in the stomach, the sympathomimetic drug dimethophrine was found to react with nitrite yielding 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4 benzoquinone (DMBQ). The in vitro and in vivo studies carried out to evaluate the capability of DMBQ to produce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects provided the following results. A dose-related reduction of V79 cells plating efficiency was observed for DMBQ concentrations ranging from 10 to 80 microM; a similar reduction in the fraction of viable cells excluding trypan blue occurred after exposure to 4-fold higher concentrations. A dose-dependent amount of DNA fragmentation was revealed by the alkaline elution technique either in V79 cells exposed to DMBQ concentrations ranging from 10 to 80 microM or in kidney, gastric mucosa and brain of rats treated with single p.o. doses ranging from 33 to 300 mg/kg. Both in vitro and in vivo DNA lesions were largely repaired within 24 hr, but their promutagenic character was demonstrated by the induction of 6 thioguanine-resistance in V79 cells. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes displayed a greater resistance to the cytotoxic and DNA-damaging activities of DMBQ, and did not exhibit a clear evidence of DNA repair synthesis. Similarly, DNA fragmentation was practically undetectable in the rat liver. Therefore, DMBQ should be considered as a direct-acting genotoxic chemical which is metabolized to less, or nonreactive, species. These findings suggest that DMBQ could produce genotoxic effects in patients taking dimethophrine. PMID- 3252019 TI - Binding and functional characterization of the cardioselective muscarinic antagonist methoctramine. AB - The antimuscarinic properties of the newly synthetized polymethylene tetramine derivative, methoctramine, were investigated in binding and functional assays. Methoctramine displaced the specific binding of [3H]-N-methylscopolamine [( 3H]NMS) and [3H] pirenzepine from membranes of rat tissues with the following order of affinities: heart = cerebellum greater than cortex greater than submandibular glands, the ratio of the affinities of the compound for the heart and the glands amounting to about 130. Computer fits of binding curves generated in cardiac and cortical membranes were compatible with an interaction at one binding site, whereas those in submandibular glands and cerebellum had slopes significantly lower than 1. Experiments performed in cardiac membranes to investigate the effect of methoctramine on the dissociation kinetics of [3H]-NMS showed that concentrations of compound up to 1 microM did not affect the dissociation of [3H]-NMS elicited by an excess of NMS. At greater concentrations (10-100 microM), methoctramine dose dependently inhibited [3H]-NMS dissociation, thus revealing an allosteric interaction. In in vitro functional assays, methoctramine displayed more than 100 times greater affinity for the muscarinic receptors mediating negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in guinea pig atria than for those responsible for tracheal contraction. Similarly, the compound was a more potent antagonist of the bradycardial response to bethanechol than of the bladder tonus increase, saliva secretion and hypotension induced by the muscarinic agonist in anesthetized cats. Finally, in the pithed rat, methoctramine preferentially inhibited cardiac M2 (vagal bradycardia) over ganglionic M1 (McN-A-343-induced hypertension) responses. The evidence appears to characterize methoctramine as being the most selective M2 muscarinic antagonist described to date.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252020 TI - Hyperthyroidism induces supersensitivity to biogenic amines in rat vascular tissue via a pre- and a postjunctional mechanism. AB - The effect of hyperthyroidism was investigated on the sensitivity of rat aortic and mesenteric arteries to the contractile effects of biogenic amines, K+ and Ca++. Supersensitivity to norepinephrine, methoxamine and clonidine was observed in the mesenteric artery. Methoxamine and clonidine are immune to disposition by neuronal and extraneuronal uptake, and supersensitivity to norepinephrine persisted in the presence of hydrocortisone and desmethylimipramine, suggesting that the supersensitivity was postjunctional in origin. In addition, reserpine pretreatment induced supersensitivity to norepinephrine in control mesenteric arteries, but in hyperthyroid mesenteric arteries no further increase in sensitivity was observed after reserpine pretreatment supporting a postjunctional mechanism. In the aorta, a small increase in sensitivity was observed to norepinephrine, no supersensitivity was detected to methoxamine and supersensitivity to norepinephrine was not apparent in the presence of hydrocortisone, suggesting a prejunctional mechanism. The existence of a small prejunctional component in the mesenteric artery also was indicated, as incubation with hydrocortisone attenuated the degree of supersensitivity after thyroid hormone pretreatment. In the mesenteric artery, postjunctional supersensitivity also was observed to 5-hydroxytryptamine. However, no increase in sensitivity was observed to KCl or CaCl2 suggesting that the postjunctional supersensitivity was not due to an increase in the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus, and was specific for receptor-mediated effects of agonists. PMID- 3252021 TI - Direct determination of acetylcholine release by radioimmunoassay and presence of presynaptic M1 muscarinic receptors in guinea pig ileum. AB - Radioimmunoassay for acetylcholine (ACh) with a sensitivity of 10 pg/tube was applied to the direct determination of ACh output from the nerve endings in longitudinal muscle strips of guinea pig ileum. The strips were preincubated with an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor and superfused with Krebs' solution under various experimental conditions. Pirenzepine (0.1-10 microM) and atropine (10-100 nM) produced an increase in electrically evoked ACh output through the inhibition of presynaptic muscarinic receptors. Contractile response to endogenous ACh released by electrical stimulation was enhanced by pirenzepine and atropine at lower concentrations, whereas the highest concentrations of pirenzepine (10 microM) and atropine (100 nM) caused a reduction in the enhanced contractile response and a significantly diminished response, respectively. These results demonstrate that the concentrations of pirenzepine and atropine, effective in inhibiting presynaptic muscarinic receptors, differ from those inhibiting postsynaptic muscarinic receptors and suggest the possibility that presynaptic M1 muscarinic receptors regulating ACh output may be present in the guinea pig ileum. PMID- 3252022 TI - Peripheral distribution of the increased cardiac output by secretin during acute ischemic left ventricular failure. AB - Secretin, a 27-amino acid peptide with both vasodilating and inotropic properties, was investigated according to its effects on peripheral flow distribution in acute ischemic left ventricular failure accomplished by embolization of the left coronary artery in anesthetized dogs. Electromagnetic monitoring of renal, carotid, femoral and superior mesenteric artery flow was used. During the induction of heart failure a general reduction of flow with preponderance of that of the carotid and femoral arteries occurred. The secretin infusion caused increases in renal flow by 58%, carotid flow by 63%, femoral flow by 50% and superior mesenteric flow by 34%. The corresponding reductions in arterial resistances were 33, 35, 31 and 24%, respectively. Compared to levels before induction of failure, restoration of flow in all arteries as well as cardiac output was achieved, with exception of renal flow that was 25% higher. The arterial pressure was not altered and a modest inotropic effect of secretin was confirmed. It was concluded that in acute left ventricular failure secretin caused a general distribution of the increased cardiac output in the arteries investigated with a preponderance of renal artery flow. PMID- 3252023 TI - Effect of cisplatin on proximal convoluted and straight segments of the rat kidney. AB - The immediate effect of cisplatin on rat proximal tubular function was investigated by two different methods, the lithium clearance method and the occlusion time-transit time method (TT-OT). Within minutes after administration of cisplatin a significant increase in lithium clearance, fractional lithium clearance (CLi/Cin) and e-TT/OT was observed (from 270 +/- 32 to 387 +/- 60 microliters/min/g kidney weight, 0.202 +/- 0.03 to 0.340 +/- 0.06 and 0.415 +/- 0.02 to 0.497 +/- 0.02, respectively). These increases indicate an increased fluid delivery from both the proximal straight segment and the late proximal convoluted tubule after cisplatin administration. Concomitantly absolute proximal reabsorption rate was significantly decreased. Intervention by saline loading (2% of body weight) did not prevent the increase in e-TT/OT, but the increase in CLi/Cin was significantly less than in the control group. This finding suggests that saline loading protects either the pars recta of the proximal tubule or the juxtamedullary nephrons. Thus, cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat is initiated by an acute mainly proximal tubular impairment including both pars convoluta and pars recta of the proximal tubule. PMID- 3252024 TI - Effects of guanyl nucleotides on the activation of cardiac muscarinic receptors. AB - Effects of guanyl nucleotides on the affinity of cholinergic agonists at the [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate binding site have been compared with their effects on the intact left atrium. The binding of carbachol was described by a two-site model; guanyl nucleotides had little effect on the affinity at either site but increased substantially the proportion of low affinity sites. The negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine (ACh) was unaffected by exogenous guanyl nucleotides or variation in external Mg++ or Ca++. ACh (2 microM) shortened the action potential, reduced spike amplitude and usually increased the maximum diastolic potential. GTP and guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate in the presence of ACh increased action potential amplitude and duration and increased further the diastolic potential. Low external Mg++ had similar effects to guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate but their effects were not additive. It is suggested that these compounds delay the activation of a transient outward K+ current by ACh. PMID- 3252025 TI - Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentrations and protein binding of propranolol in Sprague-Dawley and Dark Agouti rat strains treated by phenobarbital. AB - Propranolol binding to rat serum samples was studied after 7 days of phenobarbital (PB) administration to induce alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG). In male Sprague-Dawley rats, serum AAG concentrations and the bound/free propranolol ratio (B/F) were increased slightly after enzyme-inducing drug administration (mean +/- S.D.): from 0.30 +/- 0.04 to 0.49 +/- 0.05 g/l for AAG and from 6.79 +/ 1.24 to 8.81 to 1.31 for B/F. In male DA (Dark Agouti) rats, the same parameters increased greatly: from 0.20 +/- 0.01 to 1.38 +/- 0.13 g/l for AAF and from 8.75 +/- 1.01 to 27.15 +/- 3.28 for B/F. PB concentrations determined on the same serum samples were similar in both rat strains. Female DA rats also were responsive to PB administration. Propranolol binding to DA rat serum from the treated group was characterized by an increase in high-affinity binding site concentrations. The binding of propranolol to isolated rat AAG at various concentrations (0.2-1 g/l), alone or associated with rat serum albumin at a constant concentration (36 g/l), also was studied. Propranolol binding capacities to rat AAG were increased 2.4 times by the presence of albumin and consequently B/F values for both proteins agreed with values obtained with serum samples. These results indicate that increased propranolol binding to rat serum induced by PB administration is probably a direct consequence of increased concentrations of AAG. The high sensitivity of DA rats to PB suggests that this strain should be used preferentially for the study of the effect of cytochrome P-450 inducers on AAG metabolism and cationic drug binding. PMID- 3252026 TI - Is adrenal medulla involved in the antihypertensive effect of nicardipine? AB - The effects of nicardipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, on adrenal medulla were investigated in chloralose-anesthetized dogs. For analysis of the adrenal medullary function, adrenal venous catecholamine rates were determined. Intravenous administration of nicardipine (50 micrograms/kg) induced a marked increase in both adrenal catecholamine rates and heart rate and a simultaneous decrease in blood pressure. This effect on epinephrine and norepinephrine release is probably explained by the involvement of baroreflex mechanisms. After acute splanchnicectomy, nicardipine (50 and 100 micrograms/kg i.v.) failed to modify catecholamine secretion rates from the denervated adrenal medulla during electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve at low (2 Hz) and high (5 Hz) frequencies. In conclusion, these results suggest that in vivo a functional dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel is not required for calcium entry mechanisms into dog chromaffin cells. Moreover, adrenal medulla is not involved in the antihypertensive action of nicardipine. PMID- 3252027 TI - Comparison of the toxicity of the radiocontrast agents, iopamidol and diatrizoate, to rabbit renal proximal tubule cells in vitro. AB - Radiographic contrast agent-induced acute renal failure is an increasingly recognized clinical event. Multiple factors have been implicated in its development. Recent experiments have demonstrated that sodium diatrizoate, a common ionic radiocontrast agent, is moderately toxic to proximal tubule cells in vitro, and that this toxicity is enhanced by hypoxia. In this study, we compare toxicities of the nonionic radiocontrast agent, iopamidol, and the commonly used ionic contrast agent, diatrizoate. Suspensions enriched in proximal tubule segments were exposed for 82.5 min to 10 or 25 mM diatrizoate or 10 or 25 mM iopamidol with or without 22.5 min or 30 min of hypoxia. Cell viability parameters, including basal and uncoupled respiratory rates, tubule cell potassium and calcium levels and cell ATP content were measured. No consistent differences in tubule viability parameters were observed between tubule suspensions exposed to 10 mM concentrations of the radiocontrast agents during either oxygenated or hypoxic conditions. Under oxygenated conditions, both 25 mM iopamidol and diatrizoate exposure produced greater metabolic alterations in renal tubules than control conditions, but the effects were not statistically significant. With concomitant hypoxia, the alterations after 25 mM diatrizoate exposure were significantly greater than those seen after exposure to 25 mM iopamidol. Iopamidol had less of a detrimental effect on renal tubule potassium content and both basal and uncoupled respiratory rates than that of diatrizoate under these conditions. Thus, diatrizoate is more toxic to rabbit renal proximal tubule cells than iopamidol in vitro, and this difference in toxicity is enhanced by hypoxia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252028 TI - Cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in the rabbit: effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on existing lesions. AB - Earlier studies have established that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory compound, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), was effective in preventing atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. In the present studies, the effect of DMSO on existing atherosclerotic lesions in cholesterol-fed rabbits was investigated. Rabbits were placed on an atherogenic diet containing 1% cholesterol for a period of 10 weeks. At the end of the 10-week period, the rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: one group was placed on a control diet consisting of regular rabbit chow for an additional 12-week period, whereas the remaining group was continued on the atherogenic diet. During this period half of the rabbits in each of these groups were treated with DMSO (approximately 5 g/kg) which was included in their drinking water. Food consumption and fluid intakes were monitored daily and body weights at weekly intervals. Total serum cholesterol levels were measured at periodic intervals. Lipid deposits in the eye which accompany atherosclerosis were examined before and at 12 weeks after institution of the new dietary regimens. At the end of 12 weeks, all rabbits were killed and the thoracic aortas were examined for changes in the extent of atherosclerosis. Food consumption and body weight increased in rabbits on the control diet and in those treated with DMSO. Those maintained on the atherogenic diet showed little change in food intake or body weight. Fluid intake was significantly elevated in all rabbits placed on DMSO. Serum cholesterol levels returned to normal in all rabbits on the control diet. Serum cholesterol levels remained unchanged in rabbits kept on the atherogenic diet alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252029 TI - Characterization of cardiac A1 adenosine receptors by ligand binding and photoaffinity labeling. AB - [125I]N6-(p-aminobenzyl)adenosine and [125I]N6-(p-azidobenzyl)adenosine, which are potent agonists at A1 (Ri) adenosine receptors, have been used to characterize the adenosine receptor in membranes prepared from newborn chick heart. Scatchard analyses of [125I]N6-(p-aminobenzyl)adenosine binding to cardiac membranes revealed that the ligand bound to two affinity states of the receptor with Kd values of 0.7 and 9.9 nM. The corresponding maximum binding (Bmax) values were 25 and 86 fmol/mg of protein, respectively. In the presence of 0.1 mM 5' guanylyl imidodiphosphate, a single affinity state was detected with a Kd of 9.4 nM and a Bmax of 96 fmol/mg of protein. Direct and indirect ligand binding studies with several adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists were used to compare the characteristics of the cardiac receptor with those of the A1 receptor in the cerebellum. The binding properties of the receptors in the two tissues were very similar although marked differences were observed in the binding kinetics of [125I]N6-(p-azidobenzyl)adenosine. Photo-affinity labeling experiments followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis showed that the cardiac receptor had a apparent molecular weight of 37,600, which was slightly but significantly higher than that of the cerebellar receptor (35,500). The present results show that the cardiac receptor has ligand binding properties and a minimal subunit molecular weight similar to the more thoroughly studied A1 receptor in neural tissue. PMID- 3252031 TI - Morphine effects on locus ceruleus neurons are dependent on the state of arousal and availability of external stimuli: studies in anesthetized and unanesthetized rats. AB - Because the physiological characteristics of noradrenergic locus ceruleus (LC) neurons differ in anesthetized and unanesthetized rats, the effects of morphine on LC activity recorded in both conditions were compared. Intracerebroventricular administration of morphine inhibited spontaneous LC discharge of both anesthetized and unanesthetized rats but morphine was at least 10 times more potent in anesthetized rats. In anesthetized rats LC discharge evoked by sciatic nerve stimulation was insensitive to doses of morphine (0.03 or 0.1 microgram) that inhibited LC spontaneous activity. Only the highest dose of morphine (0.3 microgram) which inhibited completely tonic activity decreased significantly evoked discharge. In parallel experiments in unanesthetized rats, the presentation of auditory stimuli evoked a pattern of LC discharge similar to that evoked by sciatic nerve stimulation in anesthetized rats. Morphine (1.0 and 3.0 micrograms) decreased both spontaneous and evoked activity in these rats; however, spontaneous LC discharge was more sensitive to morphine, as was observed with anesthetized rats. Quantitative analyses of these effects indicated that morphine tends to alter the pattern of LC discharge to sensory stimuli such that the signal-to-noise ratio (ratio of evoked/tonic activity during stimulus presentation) is increased. Morphine effects were reversed by naltrexone (1.0 mg/kg s.c.) in anesthetized rats and 1.0 microgram i.c.v. in unanesthetized rats. The present results indicate that the degree of arousal and the availability of environmental stimuli are important determinants of opiate effects on LC activity. PMID- 3252030 TI - Endothelial injury provokes collateral arterial vasoconstriction: response to a serotonin 2 antagonist, thromboxane antagonist or synthetase inhibition. AB - To assess the influence on collateral arteries of vasoactive factors released from activated platelets we used angiography and blood flow measurement to study the limb blood supply in 29 rabbits, 2 weeks after superficial femoral artery ligation. Minutes after balloon catheter injury to the lower aorta, striking spasm of the collateral arteries was routinely evident on the arteriograms, and limb blood flow fell. Spasm was partly reversed either by blockade of thromboxane synthesis (UK-38,485) or its vascular action (SQ 29,548) or by ketanserin, the serotonin receptor antagonist when used alone. Ketanserin combined with either UK 38,485 or SQ 29,548 reversed the spasm completely. We conclude that a combined action of serotonin and thromboxane induces collateral artery spasm when platelets are activated. PMID- 3252032 TI - Excretion and metabolism of nicotinic acid by the avian kidney. AB - The renal tubular transport and metabolism of nicotinic acid (NA) were investigated using the Sperber technique in unanesthetized hens. Infusion of [14C]NA into the avian renal portal circulation at 10(-10) mol/kg/min revealed that the 14C label was actively transported into urine at a rate 74% that of simultaneously infused tetraethylammonium. Increases in NA infusion rates enhanced 14C label transport so that it eventually equalled the excretion rate of tetraethylammonium. At a NA infusion rate of 10(-8) mol/kg/min, this transport was not affected by probenecid, pyrazinoic acid or p-aminohippurate. Above infusion rates of 10(-7) mol/kg/min, saturation of 14C label transport was reached. Electrophoretic analysis of the 14C label excreted in urine at NA infusion rates less than 10(-7) mol/kg/min revealed a single, unidentified metabolite. At infusion rates greater than 10(-7) mol/kg/min, both the radiolabeled metabolite and [14C]NA were found in the urine. We conclude that NA is transported by a specific mechanism into the avian tubule cell where it is metabolized. As the body's load of this vitamin increases, NA is excreted first in the form of a metabolite and then as both metabolite and unutilized NA. PMID- 3252033 TI - Effects of the stereoisomers of nicotine and nornicotine on schedule-controlled responding and physiological parameters of dogs. AB - The behavioral and physiological effects of five tobacco alkaloids were assessed in two different test paradigms. One group of beagle dogs (N = 5) responded under a multiple fixed-interval (FI) 300 sec, fixed-ratio (FR) 30 response schedule of food presentation. With both l-nicotine (0.1-3.0 mumol/kg i.m.) and l-nornicotine (0.1-10.0 mumol/kg i.m.), FI response rates, when averaged across the entire session, were increased at low doses and decreased at high doses; FR response rates were only decreased. d-Nicotine (0.1-30.0 mumol/kg i.m.), and d- and dl nornicotine (0.1-10.0 mumol/kg i.m.) produced a transient increase in FI response rates at low doses. The effects of the same five compounds on pupillary diameter, rectal temperature and heart rate were measured in a second group of beagle dogs (N = 6). Both pupillary diameter and rectal temperature were decreased initially by l-nicotine (0.6 mumol/kg i.v.), d-nicotine (6.0 mumol/kg i.v.) and d-, l- and dl-nornicotine (3.0 mumol/kg i.v.); base-line levels were recovered within 60 min. Aside from differences in potency, the time courses of action were similar for all five compounds. Increases in heart rate also were produced by all five compounds, but there were marked differences in the duration of action. l Nicotine and d- and dl-nornicotine produced appreciable, sustained increases in heart rate, whereas d-nicotine and l-nornicotine produced moderate, brief increases. The combined results of the present experiments indicate the stereoisomers of nicotine and nornicotine are behaviorally and physiologically active, and may contribute in varying amounts to the pharmacologic actions of tobacco. PMID- 3252034 TI - Contribution of menthofuran to the hepatotoxicity of pulegone: assessment based on matched area under the curve and on matched time course. AB - In recent years it has become increasingly evident that the toxicity produced by a variety of compounds can be attributed to their metabolites. Simple dose toxicity studies of a metabolite will help to elucidate its toxic effect, but it is not possible to quantify its role in the toxicity produced by the parent compound unless the disposition of the preformed and endogenously formed metabolite is taken into account. We assessed the contribution of the metabolite, R-(+)-menthofuran (MF), to the hepatotoxicity observed after i.p. administration of R-(+)-pulegone (PUL) to rats. As the major constituent of pennyroyal oil, PUL has been linked to the deaths of several young women over the past several years. After i.p. administration of PUL and MF to separate groups of rats at doses selected to match the area under the curve of generated and synthetic MF, plasma alanine transferase was comparable between groups. Although the area under the curve was matched, the peak concentration in plasma of MF formed in vivo is 4.5 times higher and occurs much earlier than after the administration of MF itself. When the exposure of rats to preformed and synthetic MF is matched with respect to time course in plasma, PUL produces more than twice the increase in plasma alanine transferase and hepatocellular necrosis than does MF. The results suggest that events other than those associated with the disposition of MF contribute to the hepatotoxicity observed after ingestion of PUL, and they emphasize the importance of time course in assessing the role of a metabolite in the toxicity of a given compound. PMID- 3252035 TI - Presynaptic interactions between acetylcholine and adrenergic antagonists on norepinephrine release. AB - A previously unknown interaction between acetylcholine (ACh) and adrenergic mechanisms is described, which increases the likelihood of a physiological association between the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system. In particular, ACh had a novel effect to disengage the neuronal mechanism that is purported to regulate the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves. Brief exposure to ACh (1.4 X 10(-7) M-1.4 X 10(-5) M) inhibited the stimulation evoked release of [3H]norepinephrine from guinea pig atria and ureter and rabbit aorta but higher concentrations (8.8 X 10(-5) or 1.4 X 10(-4) M) or prolonged exposure to moderate concentrations either had no visible effect or enhanced release. ACh blocked the ability of yohimbine, the presynaptic alpha receptor antagonist, to enhance the liberation of 3H-transmitter during field stimulation at 2 and 5 Hz, and it did so in all three of the test tissues. This effect was not attributable to a direct competition between ACh and yohimbine for presynaptic alpha sites and ACh did not act like yohimbine to increase transmitter release. The antagonistic effect of ACh bore no relation to the direct effect of ACh on adrenergic neurotransmitter release and occurred regardless of whether ACh itself inhibited, enhanced or did not affect transmitter liberation. Atropine blocked the effect of ACh on 3H-transmitter efflux and restored the capacity of yohimbine to enhance transmitter release. Inhibition of neurotransmitter release by norepinephrine was partially antagonized by ACh and this antagonism was also countered by atropine. Enhancement of norepinephrine release by phenoxybenzamine was also blunted by ACh. These findings cannot be incorporated into a model of neurotransmitter regulation that interprets the enhancement of norepinephrine release by adrenergic antagonists as the result of interruption of an on-going negative feedback system. The action of yohimbine appears linked to activation of presynaptic sites and not simply to their passive occupancy. A working model is offered to account for the interaction between ACh and adrenergic antagonists. PMID- 3252036 TI - Role of platelet activating factor in propagation of cardiac damage during myocardial ischemia. AB - The role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in acute myocardial ischemia (MI), produced by the ligation of the left main coronary artery, was studied in anesthetized rats. A significant loss of cardiac amino-nitrogen concentration and cathepsin D activity was observed 6 hr after permanent occlusion MI or 10 min of MI followed by 6 hr of reperfusion in rats. A novel, potent, PAF antagonist, CV 6209 (160 nmol/kg or 1.6 mumol/kg) injected after the ligation, significantly retarded the loss of amino-nitrogen and cathepsin D activity in a dose-related manner. In another group of rats, CV-6209 (1.6 mumol/kg) significantly blocked the hypotension induced by repetitive injections of PAF (570 pmol/kg) with an apparent half-life of approximately 180 min. In isolated rat hearts perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution, PAF (25 nmol/l) significantly increased coronary perfusion pressure by 15 +/- 2 mmHg and induced an increase in cardiac permeability using fluorescein isothiocyanate bovine albumin as a marker. Furthermore, the increase in cardiac permeability induced in isolated perfused rat hearts undergoing 15 min global ischemia followed by reperfusion was significantly attenuated by CV-6209 (250 nmol/l). These data indicate that PAF is an important mediator of ischemic damage in rat MI. Moreover, the extension of ischemic damage may be enhanced by the increase in cardiac permeability induced by PAF. PMID- 3252037 TI - In vivo evaluation in the lactating rabbit of a model for xenobiotic distribution into breast milk. AB - A mathematical diffusional model for drug distribution between milk and plasma has been proposed recently. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of the model to predict milk to plasma drug concentration ratios (M/P) observed in vivo. The distribution of four model compounds (diazepam, phenobarbital, phenytoin and propranolol) was measured in lactating New Zealand White rabbits. M/P ratios were determined in vivo (M/Pobs) under single dose (diazepam = 6.14, phenytoin = 0.690 and propranolol = 2.16) and during steady-state infusions (phenobarbital = 0.566 and propranolol = 2.69). Predicted M/P values (M/Ppred) were calculated from in vitro measures of the unbound fractions of drug in skim milk and serum, respectively), the skim to whole milk drug concentration ratio, milk and plasma pH and the pKa of the model compound. M/Pobs values were highly correlated with M/Ppred (r2 = 0.976) when the data for all four drugs were pooled. No significant difference was found between M/P values observed after a single dose or constant i.v. infusion of propranolol. These results support the usefulness of the diffusional model for predicting M/P in vivo and indicate that single dose data may be used to obtain M/Pobs values reflecting average steady state milk and plasma levels. The diffusional model has several important applications in the study of drug transfer into milk. PMID- 3252038 TI - Effect of altered serum protein binding on propranolol distribution into milk in the lactating rabbit. AB - A diffusional model for drug distribution between milk and plasma was developed recently and tested in lactating rabbits. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of the model to predict the milk to plasma drug concentration ratio (M/P) in vivo for propranolol under conditions in which propranolol plasma protein binding was altered. Five lactating rabbits were administered a 1.6-mg/kg loading dose of i.v. dl-propranolol, followed by a 1.02 mg/(kg/hr) maintenance infusion of propranolol. Four hours after the initiation of the infusion, an i.v. bolus dose of 40 mg/kg of bovine alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) was administered. Blood and milk samples were collected for up to 8 hr after the initiation of the propranolol infusion; plasma and whole milk propranolol levels were quantitated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Serum and skim propranolol unbound fractions, as well as the skim to whole milk propranolol concentration ratio were determined in samples collected before and after AAG administration. AAG administration resulted in a 22% decrease in mean unbound fraction of plasma and a 52% increase in mean total plasma propranolol concentration (35% decrease in mean systemic clearance). Observed M/P values fell from 2.13 +/- 0.42 to 1.23 +/- 0.34) AAG administration, closely approximated M/P observed in vivo. Total milk levels, however, were unaffected by AAG. The results are indicative that the diffusional model also holds under conditions in which one of the model parameters, such as unbound fraction of plasma, is altered. The lack of effect on total milk levels illustrates the importance of both M/P and systemic clearance in controlling milk drug concentrations, hence neonatal exposure. PMID- 3252039 TI - Cardiac electrophysiologic and hemodynamic activity of pimobendan (UD-CG 115 BS), a new inotropic agent. AB - The hemodynamic and cardiac electrophysiologic properties of pimobendan, a new pyridazinone-benzimidazole type inotropic agent, were studied in urethane anesthetized dogs. The cumulative i.v. administration of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg pimobendan caused a dose-dependent decrease in mean arterial pressure and an increase in sinus heart rate. When heart rate was maintained constant by overdrive atrial pacing, hemodynamic changes in response to pimobendan consisted of dose-related increases in right ventricular isometric contractile force (P less than .05 at 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg), left ventricular +dP/dt (P less than .05 at 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg), and left circumflex coronary artery blood flow (P less than .05 at 1.0 mg/kg). Increases in each of the aforementioned hemodynamic parameters were sustained for up to 4 hr after the i.v. administration of 1.0 mg/kg pimobendan. The cardiac electrophysiologic changes associated with pimobendan administration included decreases in the atrial (P less than .05 at 1.0 mg/kg), ventricular (P less than .05 at 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg), and atrioventricular nodal functional (P less than .05 at 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) and effective (P less than .05 at 1.0 mg/kg) refractory periods. Atrioventricular conduction velocity was enhanced after pimobendan, as indicated by a shortening of the AH (P less than .05 at 0.3 mg/kg and at 1.0 mg/kg) and PR intervals (P less than 0.05 at 1.0 mg/kg). Pretreatment with propranolol (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) attenuated the pimobendan induced decrease in the ventricular refractory period and the increase in heart rate, whereas the decrease in arterial pressure was enhanced. These results indicate that the i.v. administration of pimobendan to anesthetized dogs produces a dose-related positive inotropic effect, coronary and peripheral vasodilation, and cardiac electrophysiologic effects that include decreases in atrial, atrioventricular, and ventricular refractoriness as well as a facilitation of atrioventricular conduction. The observed electrophysiologic changes may be mediated, in part, by a baroreceptor-mediated increase in sympathetic nervous system activity. PMID- 3252040 TI - Prenatal exposure to nicotine via maternal infusions: effects on development of catecholamine systems. AB - The effects of a continuous 16-day gestational exposure to nicotine on development of central and peripheral catecholaminergic pathways were examined in the offspring of dams who received a minipump implant on the 4th day of gestation. Prenatal nicotine exposure resulted in a selective suppression of maturational increases in norepinephrine and dopamine levels and utilization rates in the cerebral cortex and also reduced transmitter levels in sympathetic pathways to the lung and kidney. The regional selectivity of the effect, combined with measurements of synaptosomal uptake of [3H]norepinephrine and of tyrosine hydroxylase activity, all suggested that the alterations in transmitter disposition reflected reduced neural activity as opposed to actions on general cellular development or synaptogenesis. Although the lag in development was largely made up by weaning, deficits in norepinephrine utilization reappeared in young adulthood in the cerebral cortex and midbrain + brainstem, suggesting that lasting functional alterations may occur as a consequence of prenatal nicotine exposure. Comparisons with the results obtained with maternal nicotine injections (which produce largely stimulatory effects on norepinephrine levels and turnover) suggest that the hypoxia/ischemia associated with injected nicotine causes a reactive hyperinnervation; the adverse actions of nicotine on neurotransmitter development are thus highly dependent upon the route of drug administration. PMID- 3252041 TI - Sulfate homeostasis. I. Effect of salicylic acid and its metabolites on inorganic sulfate in rats. AB - Homeostasis of inorganic sulfate, a physiologic anion necessary for both detoxification and biosynthetic reactions, involves predominantly capacity limited renal clearance mechanisms. The objective of this investigation was to examine the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and its major metabolites, salicyluric acid and salicyl phenolic glucuronide, on the serum concentrations and renal clearance of inorganic sulfate in rats. Animals were studied using a crossover design in which they received a bolus i.v. injection (75 mg/kg) and infusion (approximately 0.26 mg/min/kg) of SA or the same volume of saline (the vehicle). Blood samples were collected at 2, 3 and 4 hr after administration and urine between 2 and 4 hr. The renal clearance of sulfate and creatinine were examined at mean steady-state SA serum concentrations of 249 micrograms/ml. Although no changes in the serum concentrations and renal clearance of creatinine were observed, the renal clearance of inorganic sulfate was increased significantly (2.13 +/- 0.74 vs. 1.09 +/- 0.54 ml/min/kg in controls, mean +/- S.D., n = 7) and its serum concentration decreased (0.55 +/- 0.12 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.23 mM in controls). These changes were not due to alterations in uric acid concentrations as uric acid serum concentrations and renal clearance were unchanged when examined at similar steady-state SA serum concentrations in a subsequent study. The effects on sulfate disposition also were probably not due to the major metabolites of SA: no changes in the serum concentrations or renal clearance of sulfate were observed at mean steady-state concentrations of 52 micrograms/ml of salicyluric acid or 73.7 micrograms/ml of salicyl phenolic glucuronide after their direct administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252042 TI - Potent electrophysiologic effects of the major metabolites of propafenone in canine Purkinje fibers. AB - Marked interindividual variability has been reported in the plasma concentrations of the antiarrhythmic agent propafenone required for arrhythmia suppression. One possible explanation is the variable generation of active metabolites: it is known that the major metabolite 5-hydroxypropafenone and the more recently described metabolite N-depropylpropafenone can accumulate in plasma to concentrations similar to those of propafenone, and 5-hydroxypropafenone has proven active in animal models. We therefore compared the effects of these metabolites to those of propafenone on action potential characteristics of canine Purkinje fibers at a wide range of cycle lengths. After base-line measurements, propafenone or 5-hydroxypropafenone was superfused at successive concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 microM for 30 min each and measurements were repeated. Both drugs depressed maximum phase zero upstroke slope of the action potential (Vmax); 5-hydroxypropafenone was similar to propafenone in potency with both causing significant effects at very low concentrations (0.1 microM). Vmax depression was cycle length-dependent and the time constants for onset of and recovery from use dependent Vmax depression were similar. The compounds also shortened action potential duration at 50% but not 90% repolarization. N-depropylpropafenone produced electrophysiologic effects that were similar to those of propafenone and 5-hydroxypropafenone but was less active. We conclude that these metabolites are sufficiently potent that they may explain at least in part the unpredictable concentration-response relationship seen with propafenone. PMID- 3252043 TI - Coronary thrombolysis with intravenous streptokinase in the anesthetized dog: a dose-response study. AB - In order to study the in vivo coronary thrombolytic dose-response effectiveness of i.v. streptokinase, pentobarbital-anesthetized, open chest dogs were instrumented for the measurement of lead II ECG, systemic arterial blood pressure, left ventricular developed pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular dP/dt and left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery blood flow. In some animals, two pairs of ultrasonic dimension gauges were positioned in 1) an area of the left ventricle which would become ischemic after thrombotic occlusion of the LAD and 2) a reference area which would remain unaffected by LAD occlusion. After making an occlusive thrombus by injecting thrombin (50-200 U) and calcium chloride (50-100 mumols) into a cannulated and mechanically occluded side-branch of an isolated segment of the mid- to distal LAD, animals were given either streptokinase (5,000, 10,000, 20,000 or 40,000 U of bolus, followed by 500, 1000, 2000 or 4000 U/min of infusion, respectively) or saline, i.v. At the termination of the experiment, thrombus wet weight and, in some animals, infarct size (measured by tetrazolium staining) were determined. In control animals, thrombus wet weight was 26.7 +/- 5.4 mg (n = 8) and infarct size, as a percentage of the total left ventricle, was 30.1 +/- 4.7% (n = 6). Spontaneous reperfusion (return of LAD blood flow) was not observed in control animals that received saline. Intravenous administration of streptokinase produced a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of animals reperfusing, and a dose-dependent decrease in both thrombus wet weight and the time to reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252044 TI - Endogenous modulators of binding of [3H]nitrendipine in extracts of rat brain. AB - Gel-filtration chromatography of neutral extract of rat brain revealed the presence of both large (LF; MW greater than 66,000) and small (SF; MW congruent to 1300) MW factors that inhibit the specific binding of [3H]nitrendipine ([3H]NT) to membranes prepared from rat brain. Neither factor inhibited the specific binding of [3H]NT to membranes prepared from rat heart. LF was heat sensitive, was destroyed by treatment with trypsin and was not converted to SF by boiling. SF was heat-stable but was destroyed on incubation with Pronase. SF was partially purified by boiling, acid treatment and ion-exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose. Incubation of membranes with either factor resulted in a decrease in the density of binding sites for [3H]NT with no change in the affinity of the binding sites for [3H]NT. The inhibitory effect of LF was fully reversible and was not affected by increasing the concentration of Ca++ in the binding assay. In contrast, inhibition by SF was not reversible but could be prevented by increasing the concentration of Ca++ or other divalent cations in the assay. The presence of LF during preincubation of membranes with SF attenuated the irreversible inhibition of binding of [3H]NT caused by SF. These results suggest that there are at least two distinct factors in rat brain that are capable of modulating the interaction of [3H]NT with binding sites on voltage-dependent calcium channels in rat brain. PMID- 3252045 TI - Substrate-selective inhibition by verapamil and diltiazem: differential disposition of antipyrine and theophylline in humans. AB - Antipyrine and theophylline disposition was studied in healthy volunteer subjects in the control state while the subjects were taking verapamil (120 mg) orally four times daily or diltiazem (120 mg) orally three times daily. Both verapamil and diltiazem treatment decreased antipyrine clearance (verapamil, 42.5 to 30.1 ml/min, P less than .01; diltiazem, 41.7 to 29.9 ml/min, P less than .01), resulting in prolonged antipyrine half-life with no change in distribution volume. Fractional clearances of urinary antipyrine metabolites 4 hydroxyantipyrine, 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine, norantipyrine and unchanged antipyrine were differentially changed by verapamil and diltiazem treatment. With verapamil treatment, 4-hydroxyantipyrine and norantipyrine fractional clearances were markedly decreased, with 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine slightly decreased and antipyrine unchanged. With diltiazem treatment, 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine was decreased, with no significant change in 4-hydroxyantipyrine, norantipyrine or antipyrine. Effect on theophylline clearance differed between verapamil treatment (57.7 to 44.7 ml/min; P less than .01) and diltiazem treatment (50.2 to 49.4 ml/min; N.S.), with prolonged theophylline half-life during verapamil treatment, no change in half-life during diltiazem treatment and distribution volume unchanged by either treatment. Fractional clearances of urinary theophylline metabolites 3-methylxanthine, 1-methyluricacid, 1,3-dimethyluricacid and unchanged theophylline reflected the differential plasma theophylline clearance. During verapamil treatment, 3-methylxanthine and 1,3-dimethyluricacid fractional clearances were decreased, with no change in 1-methyluricacid or theophylline. During diltiazem treatment, 1,3-dimethyluricacid fractional clearance was slightly decreased, and 3-methylxanthine, 1-methyluricacid and theophylline were unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252046 TI - Health behavior as goal-directed action. AB - The perceived relationship of different health-related activities to a number of goals, including that of staying healthy, was examined by means of a postal questionnaire completed by 403 members of the general public. Other questions concerned subjects' own health behavior, intentions for behavior change, and vulnerability to specific conditions. The results showed that the extent to which subjects would value and engage in different behaviors (smoking, drinking, exercising, eating, and relaxing) was related to how far such behaviors were seen to facilitate the attainment of different goals. However, the value subjects placed on "staying healthy" was at best a partial predictor of their health habits and intentions. PMID- 3252047 TI - Covariation of mood and blood pressure during daily activities. AB - The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and self-reported mood states was examined for 49 subjects in their natural environment. Subjects performed their usual activities during a 2-day period and recorded their BP using a semiautomated BP monitor at predetermined intervals. Adjective checklists describing mood states and perceptions of the environment as stressful were completed concurrent with each BP measurement. A correlational analysis of average BP and average mood state ratings was performed along with a paired t test analysis of mood states associated with high versus low BP. The results show that holding anger in correlated positively with average SBP and negatively with average HR. Neither anger arousal nor the expression of anger arousal was able to distinguish between high and low BP readings. The Type A adjective cluster discriminated between high and low SBP as well as between high and low HR readings. The cluster of negative moods also discriminated between high and low SBP. Perceptions of the environment as hostile and demanding discriminated high versus low SBP and high versus low DBP. The discussion focuses upon the value of repeated-measures designs in examining mood/BP relationships as individuals ambulate in their natural environment. PMID- 3252048 TI - Effects of daily activities and social behavior on blood-pressure elevation. AB - This study examined the effects of daily activities and social behavior on the blood-pressure elevation in 21 normotensives, 20 borderline hypertensives, and 20 sustained essential hypertensives. Blood pressures were recorded over a 24-hr period using an ambulatory monitor while subjects recorded their daily activities and social involvement at each cuff inflation. Results indicated that only a moderate proportion of the blood pressure readings of the two clinical groups exceeded 140/90 mm Hg. Results also suggested that the blood pressures of normotensives were more responsive to changes in physical activity, while the blood pressures of sustained hypertensives were more responsive to social involvement. When group differences emerged on mean blood-pressure elevation, analyses indicated that the two hypertensive groups frequently differed from the normotensive group but rarely from each other. The results suggest that differences in blood-pressure elevation cannot be fully understood without considering behavior and support its continued inclusion in the study of blood pressure. PMID- 3252049 TI - Infants at risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): differential prediction for three siblings of SIDS infants. AB - The outcome for three siblings of SIDS (SSIDS) infants was predicted, using as a risk model the sleep and respiratory characteristics of a SIDS victim studied extensively during the neonatal period. The SIDS infant had shown unstable state organization and deviant respiration patterns, including a deficit of brief apneic pauses. Like the SIDS infant, the SSIDS infants and a group of 16 normal infants were observed in the home for 7-hr periods when they were 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks old. Two of the infants showed normal sleep and respiratory characteristics, and they were predicted to develop without respiratory dysfunction. In contrast, the third infant showed a pattern of deviancies similar to the SIDS infant; and at 4 months, she had prolonged apneic episodes, requiring resuscitation on two occasions. The findings are consistent with the notion of subtle central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction in SIDS risk infants from the time of birth. PMID- 3252050 TI - Behavioral control of abnormal breathing in sleep. AB - Behavioral control of abnormal breathing in sleep was studied to determine if an intervention procedure could reduce apnea duration and also SaO2 (blood oxygen) desaturation levels. Sleep apnea patients (n = 11) were instructed while awake that tones would be presented in sleep whenever an apnea event occurred. They were told to breathe deeply to the tones and were given practice in doing so. Intervention and nonintervention hours alternated across 2 nights following 2 baseline nights. As expected, during the intervention hours, the duration but not the frequency of apneic events was reduced. The procedure also resulted in higher SaO2 levels during the intervention hours. Daytime sleepiness was not greater following intervention but sleep staging effects were observed. The results are sufficiently promising to warrant additional research. PMID- 3252052 TI - [Effect of aging and hemispheric functional disorder on the anisotropy of the control characteristics in the two dimensional manual tracking system]. PMID- 3252051 TI - The relationship of preoperative distress to endocrine and subjective responses to surgery: support for Janis' theory. AB - To test Janis' theory that preoperative worry can improve postoperative recovery, endocrine and subjective responses were measured in 27 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery which entailed threat to their health or longevity. Questionnaires to assess emotional and somatic state were completed preoperatively and for 7 days postoperatively. Plasma cortisol, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and glucose were measured pre-, per-, and postoperatively. Preoperatively, noradrenaline correlated positively with pain and distress, and adrenaline negatively. Postoperatively, endocrine levels and distress were not clearly related. Nevertheless, preoperative pain negatively correlated with postoperative adrenaline and cortisol levels. This, and the negative correlation between preoperative distress and postoperative pain are consistent with Janis' theory. In addition, we found that the longer patients waited on the day of surgery, the greater were the cortisol, noradrenaline, and glucose responses. PMID- 3252053 TI - [Anisotropy of the human operator's control characteristics and the brain bilaterality]. PMID- 3252055 TI - [Fundamental study on development of a totally implantable assist heart system]. PMID- 3252054 TI - [Estimation method of mechanochemical constants of skeletal muscle in man]. PMID- 3252057 TI - [Neural sources of magnetic fields evoked in the human auditory cortex by pure tones and speech sounds]. PMID- 3252056 TI - [A new apparatus for continuous recording of sweating rate by use of a hygrometer]. PMID- 3252058 TI - [Development of catheter system for thermal ablation of endocardium; a preliminary report]. PMID- 3252059 TI - [Skin incision simulation at cerebral surgery planning system by using CT 3D images]. PMID- 3252060 TI - [Tumors of the visual system in children. I]. PMID- 3252061 TI - [Tumors of the visual system in children. II. Retinoblastoma]. PMID- 3252062 TI - [Late observations of children treated for retinoblastoma of the eye]. PMID- 3252063 TI - [Late results of the treatment of retinoblastoma in our cases]. PMID- 3252065 TI - [Tumors of the visual system in children l980-l986]. PMID- 3252064 TI - [Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms of the visual system in children during the 10-year period]. PMID- 3252066 TI - [Metastases of malignant neoplasms to the eyes in children]. PMID- 3252067 TI - [Combined treatment of malignant neoplasms of the visual system in children]. PMID- 3252069 TI - [Problem of lymphoma in children]. PMID- 3252068 TI - [Effect of antineoplastic chemotherapy on the visual system of children]. PMID- 3252070 TI - [Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity in our experience]. PMID- 3252071 TI - Dietary intake levels and food sources of magnesium and calcium for selected segments of the US population. AB - Dietary intake levels of magnesium and calcium, as well as magnesium/calcium ratios were assessed for adult females through use of the USDA's 1977/78 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey and 1985 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals. Results indicated that during the past 7 years the intake of calcium of adult females has increased significantly, while intake of magnesium has remained relatively constant. This has resulted in a greater imbalance of the intake ratio of these two nutrients by adult females. Adult females' principal food sources of magnesium were grain products, meat, poultry and fish, and vegetables, while their principal food sources of calcium were milk products and grain products. PMID- 3252072 TI - Safety in pathology laboratories. PMID- 3252073 TI - Organising a microcomputer system for departmental use--a personal experience. PMID- 3252075 TI - What is atherosclerosis? PMID- 3252074 TI - The third K. Prathap memorial lecture. Effects of antibiotics on bacterial pathogenicity. PMID- 3252076 TI - The pathology of tumour and "tumour-like" lesions of bone in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 3252077 TI - A review of malignancies at the Pathology Department, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur (1981-1985). PMID- 3252078 TI - In-vitro susceptibility to aztreonam. PMID- 3252079 TI - Diagnosis of central nervous system leukaemia. PMID- 3252080 TI - Leucocyte esterase-nitrite activity as a rapid screen for significant bacteriuria. PMID- 3252081 TI - The autopsy--the ultimate medical consultation. PMID- 3252082 TI - Modification and improvement of the haemadsorption immunosorbent technique (HIT) for the detection of dengue IgM antibodies. PMID- 3252083 TI - Antenatal screening for hepatitis B in pregnant women. PMID- 3252084 TI - Blood transfusion in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 3252085 TI - [The Scandinavian Heart Center: private heart surgery rescues patients who couldn't be helped by public services]. PMID- 3252086 TI - [The Japanese miracle--even in health care services?]. PMID- 3252087 TI - [Mammography can lower breast cancer mortality]. PMID- 3252088 TI - [Contact lenses are a good alternative to eyeglasses when carefully maintained]. PMID- 3252089 TI - [Demands for good team work in psychiatry: mutual respect for the different fields of knowledge under a distinct leadership of psychiatrists]. PMID- 3252090 TI - [Drug abstinence is more difficult when benzodiazepines are prescribed]. PMID- 3252091 TI - [Low cholesterol level--symptom of a disease?]. PMID- 3252092 TI - [A better follow-up of the patients with voice problems]. PMID- 3252093 TI - [Nursing home patients and patients with home care services and the differences in their ability to take care of themselves]. PMID- 3252094 TI - [Health care services prior to the year 2008. Many resemblances with current status but expected news in the field of genetic engineering]. PMID- 3252095 TI - [Genetic engineering opens the gates of dramatic development: new drugs, genetic surgery, the whole heritage investigated]. PMID- 3252096 TI - [Reconstructive surgery will reach a higher degree of development]. PMID- 3252097 TI - [Patients in the future will demand more. Health services will be intensive and with numerous staff]. PMID- 3252099 TI - [Medical ethics. The ethical committee of the Swedish Medical Society on Medical Ethics. Ethical guidelines on autopsy--always respect the dignity of the dead]. PMID- 3252098 TI - [Treat, soothe, calm and comfort is the goal of health care services prior to the year 2008]. PMID- 3252100 TI - [Hemolysis and pulmonary edema after a near-drowning accident in chlorated water]. PMID- 3252101 TI - [Intensive care in cerebral abscess. Active treatment lowers mortality]. PMID- 3252102 TI - [Effect of age on the activity of hepatic mixed function oxidases in female rats after phenobarbital induction]. AB - Studies were performed on young (5-, 10-, 15-, 30- and 60 days old) and senescent (540-days old) female Wistar rats. The rats were administered (i.p.) phenobarbital (150 mg per 1 kg body weight) twice: 72 and 48 h before being killed. In smooth (SER) and rough (RER) hepatic microsomes the activity of mixed functions oxidases was studied. In particular age groups phenobarbital has a changeable effect on the mixed functions oxidases. All the examined components except for the b5 cytochrome content and the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity are induced. In the group of young rats the highest induction was observed in 15- and 30 days old animals and the lowest--in 5- and 60 days old ones. Only for cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-cytochrome c activity in rough microsomes and protein content in smooth microsomes was the maximal induction highest in 60 days old rats. Small decrease in the protein content in smooth microsomes in 540 days old animals make one suggest the senescent rats are less susceptible to phenobarbital. PMID- 3252104 TI - [Evaluation of occupational exposure to nickel and other metals based on the analysis of air in the production of nickel alloys]. AB - The measurements of air pollutions in the rolling mill of non-ferrous metals aimed at the evaluation of occupational exposure to nickel and other metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Mg) used during the production of nickel alloys. It was found that nickel fumes and dusts concentration can be the only hazardous factor for the workers' health. The majority (ca 85%) of the crew of 28 workers is exposed to the nickel concentration in air exceeding 0.05 mg/m3. Smelters (8 persons) at the stand of 97-99% nickel smelting are at the highest risk of the loss of health; average exposure of this group during 8 hours' shift may surpass 2 mg Ni/m3. Mean concentration in air of the fumes and dusts of copper, zinc, manganese and magnesium do not make a hygienic problem. PMID- 3252103 TI - [Effect of Polfos on bleeding time. I. Changes in the formed elements of the blood in rats exposed to Polfos]. AB - The influence of Polfos and its metabolite, 2,4 dichlorophenacyl bromide, on the bleeding time, count of platelets, platelets aggregation, count of erythrocytes, level of haemoglobin and count of leucocytes in rats were studied. The data indicate that Polfos prolonged the bleeding time in the 2nd hour after its administration. A decrease of the platelets count was observed only in the initial phase of the intoxication. In the study the platelets count, red cells count, hematocrit and the level of haemoglobin increased 24 hours after the administration of the pesticide. The results demonstrate that the prolongation of the bleeding time in the rats after the administration of Polfos partly depends on the changing of the platelets count. PMID- 3252105 TI - [Analysis of formal and substantial errors in the diagnosis of occupational diseases in Poland 1985-1987]. AB - Formal and substantial errors in the diagnosis and certification of occupational diseases during 1985-1987 were analysed. The evaluation was based on occupational disease certificates obtained from the Regional Sanitary-Epidemiological Station and registered at the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz. Most errors were related to misnaming of diseases, certifying some diseases as occupational though they are not included in the mandatory list of occupational diseases, or- qualifying specific health disorders under improper items on the list. The problem of erroneous diagnoses in analysed years applied mainly to diseases of the voice organ (error percentage from 15 to 20%) and motor organs (error percentage from 10 to 16%). In addition, the information on the type of aetiological factors of diseases and evaluation of occupational exposure was found to be deficient. PMID- 3252106 TI - [Effectiveness of preliminary medical examinations in evaluating the status of the nervous system in persons to be exposed to organic solvents]. AB - Evaluation of pre-employment examination qualifying to working in exposure to organic solvents is presented. Neurological examination was performed on 161 men employed for about 3.6 year in the plant of vinyl chloride and organic solvents synthesis. The nervous system evaluation as well as the ability to work in exposure to neurotoxic substances is discussed. Numerous changes in the nervous system were found which must have existed already on beginning working. The analysis performed proved that pre-employment examination is too general and, without the participation of a neurologist, not effective enough to stop employing people suffering from the nervous system diseases in exposure to neurotoxic substances. PMID- 3252107 TI - [Occupational accidents in the light of the records of the Institute of Social Insurance]. AB - The records of the Social Insurance Institute Department in Poznan have been used as the study material. The area of the study covered the whole province of Poznan. The study included only people employed in the State-controlled economy. Applied in the study have been certificate records of the Social Insurance Institution related to individuals applying for financial benefits and entitled to them as victims of accidents at work (health damage, disability) in 1985. The records of 3119 workers (2380 men and 739 women) were analysed. Accidents at work were found to be 2.8 times more frequent among workmen, as compared to people carrying on other than physical work. The accident rate was higher among men than among women; the difference was more distinctive in physical workers (2.7:1) than in those performing other types of work (1.3:1). 37.5% of all accidents affected the workers who had been accident victims before. A clear weekly rhythm of accidents was observed: most of them happened on Wednesday. 11 o'clock was noted as the most fatal time. Most frequent accidents were: all kinds of falls (28.8%), hand injuries (34.5%), occurring mostly during transportation or when operating a machine. In the majority of cases the accidents resulted in slight health damages; in 23.0% of victims no essential health damages were found, they were the so-called zero damages. Finger injuries occur most frequently in physical workers, whereas injuries of ankle-joints, feet and head--in those performing other types of work. PMID- 3252108 TI - [Death of 3 men in the loading compartment caused by lack of oxygen]. AB - As a result of the intensive corrosion processes, a remarkable decrease of oxygen concentration in a river barge occurred. Out of four healthy men who entered the barge accomodation, three were suffocated from oxygen want; the fourth one was rescued. Such accidents must be prevented through providing workers with a proper measurement-control and personal safety equipment. PMID- 3252110 TI - [Analysis of personnel expenditures in the industrial health care system]. AB - An analysis of the management costs of Industrial Health Care Complexes and its results may be a starting point for the rational resources administration. Of importance is the analysis of wage costs which constitute a reflection of human factor. Human factor, in its turn, is a basis for securing the statutory tasks of Industrial Health Care Complexes. What is necessary is collecting proper information on the means of payment intended for wages for medical personnel. However, this undertaking is accompanied by some difficulties; cost records and financial reports are not efficient for carrying on the wage cost analysis. Therefore, reflections upon the extended evaluation of the costs rate and structure should inspire to provide necessary conditions for performing the routine analyses of financial nature. PMID- 3252109 TI - [Causes and rates of absenteeism in selected branches of industry during the years 1970-1987]. AB - Since 1970 the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz has systematically carried out the analysis of sickness absenteeism of workers taken care of by the industrial health service. Monthly reports concerning temporal working disability prepared for plants by the institutions of industrial health service constitute the source material for the analysis. The analysis of the rate and structure of sickness absenteeism for the whole industry and its particular branches made it possible to point to industries which are most hazardous to health. The values of lost time rates due to diseases proves that only some branches of industry do exceed the mean lost time rate in industry. These are as follows: ferrous metallurgy (5.21), metals producing industry (4.88), textile industry (4.83), chemical industry (4.63) and rubber processing industry (4.73). Moreover, the rate analysis rendered it possible to observe changes in sickness absenteeism in these industries over years. There are five main causes for diagnosing working disability in industry: 1) respiratory system diseases (1.12), 2) nervous system and sense organs diseases (0.70), 3) circulatory system diseases (0.61), 4) osteomuscular system diseases (0.58) and 5) digestive system diseases (0.48). PMID- 3252111 TI - [The in vitro activity of ofloxacin, pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin against various gram negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections]. AB - In this study the in vitro activity of ofloxacin, pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin against various gram negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections was examined. Of 80 isolates (24 E. coli, 10 Enterobacter, 10 Klebsiella, 23 Proteus, 10 Pseudomonas, 2 Morganella and 1 Serratia) 49 were from inpatients, and 31 were from outpatients. Ciprofloxacin was the most potent compound and no resistant strain was found against ciprofloxacin, while 1 Enterobacter strain and 1 Pseudomonas strain were found to be resistant to both ofloxacin and pefloxacin. Another Pseudomonas strain was resistant to pefloxacin only. All of the resistant bacteria were from nosocomial infections. PMID- 3252112 TI - [The effect of blood on the activity of some antiseptics]. AB - The effect of blood on the activity of 7.5% povidine-iodine, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 10% benzalconium chloride, 1.5% chlorhexidine gluconate with cetrimide mixture, dust detergent and soap has been investigated. Two experimental methods have been applied. Using the first experimental method, the activity of antiseptics with an absence and presence of 25% blood in vitro has been investigated. It has been observed that povidone-iodine no germicidal activity at all whereas the activities of the other antiseptics decreased in varying raties. In the second experiment, the effect of blood has been investigated while the activity of antiseptics continued on the residuent flora of the hands. The changes brought about by blood was not found to statistically significant. PMID- 3252113 TI - [Causative agents of urinary tract infections and sensitivity to antibiotics]. AB - Our study was done on the outpatients and inpatients of Ankara Numune Hospital who were diagnosed as having urinary tract infections. When 301 cultures with positive results were evaluated. Gram-negative bacteria were found most frequently (E. coli 45.2%, Klebsiella 23.2%, Enterobacter 16.6%, Proteus 11.5%, S. aureus 2.2%, Pseudomonas 1.3%). By using the disc diffusion method, the effectiveness of antibiotic discs of amikacin, tobramycin, netilmycin, cephoperazone, cephotoxime, cephtizoxime, cephradine, cephuroxime, carbenicillin, piperacillin, ofloxacin, nalidixic acid and sulbactam/ampicillin on the isolated strains were investigated. Ofloxacin (92.35%), cephotaxime (72.6%) and nalidixic acid (62.10%) were found to be the most effective while cephradine (7.96%), carbenicillin (11.8%) and piperacillin (14.96%) were found to be the least effective antibiotics. PMID- 3252115 TI - [Bacteriologic evaluation of ophthalmic methylcellulose preparations prepared at the hospital]. AB - Fifteen methylcellulose preparations prepared in the hospital were evaluated bacteriologically. None of the solutions yielded bacterial growth and it was concluded that methylcellulose solutions prepared in the hospital are safe to use intraocularly. PMID- 3252114 TI - [Rubella antibody levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Rubella virus as an etiological agent in Rheumatoid arthritis has been investigated. Synovial fluid obtained from 28 cases and the sera from 70 cases (43 girls, 27 boys) has been screened for hemagglutination inhibition antibodies. As a control group, 36 cases (20 normal, 16 children with non-rheumatoid arthritis) were incluated in the study. There was no difference in the antibody titers of the two groups. Therefore, we could not establish a direct relation of Rubella virus with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3252116 TI - [A new rapid antibiotic susceptibility test for enteric bacteria using a color change method]. AB - The rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests that have been developed so far cannot be used in daily work, because of their many difficulties and disadvantages. We have developed a new antibiotic susceptibility test for enteric bacteria which gives the result in 4 hours, easy to perform and inexpensive. This method depends upon the mechanism which detects the acid formed by the bacteria, by the change of the color of the pH indicator in the medium. The susceptibility of 110 different isolates of enteric bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Enterobacter) to ampicillin, amikacin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, cephradine, cefazolin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and ofloxacin is examined by this new "Rapid Color Change Test" and disc diffusion method. For most organisms tested, there was a good correlation between the results of the two methods. The overall agreement is found to be 91.43%. PMID- 3252117 TI - [Acute gastroenteritis in childhood]. AB - In this retrospective study, 190 patients with acute gastroenteritis who have been hospitalized between the date of 1.6.1986 to 1.11.1986 were evaluated from the points of familial and environmental conditions and clinical and bacteriological features. PMID- 3252118 TI - [The effect of netilmicin on gram negative rods isolated in the Konya region]. AB - Netilmicin, was tested for the effect against 276 isolates of gram negative bacteria, before had used in Konya region. 15.9% of the isolates were resistant and 84.1% were sensitive to netilmicin. The effects of Netilmicin and gentamicin for 50 Pseudomonas isolates were compared. The other aminoglycosides also were tested against isolates of the bacterium, amikacin was the most active one. PMID- 3252119 TI - [A clinical trial with ampicillin and sulbactam in various infections]. AB - Eighty four patients with various infections were treated with parenteral ampicillin and sulbactam. Twenty seven patients had meningitis five septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, two systemic salmonellosis, nine intrathoracic infections, five of which were complicated with pleural empyema; thirty patients had infection of the deep tissues of the neck, and the remaining eleven had soft tissue infection in different localizations. The clinical and microbiological results were interpreted together and the overall rate of success in treatment with ampicillin and sulbactam was found to be 98.8%. PMID- 3252120 TI - [Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms isolated from the urine of patients with suspected urinary tract infections]. AB - In our study 5331 urine specimen have been examined. In 22 of the total 2 types of bacteria have been isolated and in the cultures of 1167 patients colony counts over than 100.000/ml. have been determined. These are 599 Escherichia coli, 161 Hemolytic Escherichia coli, 104 Klebsiella, 93 Proteus, 81 Pseudomonas, 65 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 44 Staphylococcus aureus, 24 Enterobacter, 18 Enterococcus. 602 of the infected patients were women and 565 were men. According to antibiogram results microorganisms were mostly resistant to Tetracycline (97.7%), subsequently to Ampicillin (87.5%) and to Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (72.8%). Ofloxacin (97.7%), Ceftriaxone (86.4%) and Cefotaxime (86.1%) were found effective on these organisms. PMID- 3252121 TI - [Antimicrobial activity of antiseptics]. AB - In the study, the antimicrobial activities of 7.5% povidone-iodine, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1.5% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1.5% chlorhexidine gluconate with cetrimide mixture, 10% benzalconium chloride, dust detergent and soap as well as changes in activity in due course of time have been investigated. It has been observed that the effect of germicides on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and Candida strains increased in time. Soap had no germicidal effect. The difference between the of antiseptics on the residuent flora of the hands immediately and those two hours later was found to be statistically insignificant. PMID- 3252122 TI - [Detection of seropositivity against rubella virus in women in the reproductive age and comparison of the rubella hemagglutination inhibition test and the ELISA IgG test]. AB - In this study Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) and ELISA-IgG tests used for Rubella serology were compared in terms of specificity and sensitivity In addition, 100 sera samples taken from women in pregnancy age were tested for Rubella antibodies. The results indicated that the sensitivity of Rubella ELISA IgG test is 100% and the specificity is 97.4%. The seropositivity of women in pregnancy age was found to be 93% by Rubella ELISA-IgG test. PMID- 3252123 TI - [Normal and abnormal ocular flora in contact lens wearers]. AB - In spite of satisfactory contact lens hygiene, bacterial corneal ulcers may be caused by opportunistic normal conjunctival flora bacteria in case of contact lens trauma or unidentified foreign bodies. We have studied the bacterial flora of the conjunctiva in contact lens users and non-users. There was no significant difference between the two groups. The significance of conjunctival flora in contact-lens wearers is discussed with special emphasis on features of the bacterial flora in contact lens users. PMID- 3252124 TI - [Antibiotic susceptibility of gram negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections]. AB - In this study antibiotic susceptibilities of 334 gram negative bacteria to aminoglycosides, penicillins, cephalosporins, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracyclines were evaluated by using Sceptor (BELR) microdilution system. These bacteria were isolated from urine samples at the microbiology laboratory. The sensitivity pattern of these gram negative bacteria have been found 70%, 26%, 41% and 25% respectively. PMID- 3252125 TI - [Work fitness and HIV infection]. PMID- 3252126 TI - [Determination of blood procollagen III peptide as an early indicator of pulmonary fibrosis in exposure to asbestos]. PMID- 3252127 TI - Inter-rater agreement in the assessment of occupational exposure to herbicides. PMID- 3252128 TI - [Death risk due to tumors of the respiratory system in workers employed in chromate production]. PMID- 3252129 TI - [Risks and respiratory pathology in a metal manufacturing factory]. PMID- 3252130 TI - Urine porphyrin metabolites in wood workers: a pilot study. PMID- 3252131 TI - [Control of exposure to asbestos in buildings in the United States: legislation and industrial hygiene procedures]. PMID- 3252132 TI - [Searching for lost tumors: continuation of the discussion]. PMID- 3252133 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of the Gambian type of trypanosomiasis in southern Africa]. PMID- 3252134 TI - [An analysis of 4 strategies for the praziquantel treatment of persons infested with Opisthorchis felineus under conditions excluding reinfestation]. PMID- 3252135 TI - [Comparative characteristics of clinico-immunologic indices in various contingents of opisthorchiasis patients in a focus. 1. Characteristics of clinico immunologic indices in the recently arrived population of Tyumen Province in acute and chronic stages of the disease]. PMID- 3252136 TI - [A land survey of foci as the basis for epidemiologic surveillance of opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 3252137 TI - [Mutagenic activity of chloxyl]. PMID- 3252138 TI - [Use of mebendazole in a mixture with sunflower seed oil (pharmacokinetic research)]. PMID- 3252139 TI - [Clinico-morphologic and immunologic characteristics of imported trichocephaliasis]. PMID- 3252140 TI - [Frost resistance of Trichinella larvae in the muscles of the European brown bear]. PMID- 3252141 TI - [Morphologic changes in cervical sympathetic ganglia of rats with trichinelliasis]. PMID- 3252143 TI - [Comparative effectiveness of mebendazole, medamine and pyrantel pamoate and their combination with fenasal in nippostrongylosis and hymenolepiasis in white mice]. PMID- 3252142 TI - [A method for selecting compounds that suppress helminth energy metabolism]. PMID- 3252144 TI - [Characteristics of the prevention of helminthiases at the present stage]. PMID- 3252145 TI - [Suppression of the reproduction and dissemination of the tick-borne encephalitis virus under the influence of vertebrate immunity against tick antigens]. PMID- 3252146 TI - [Worming Pacific salmon from type-F plerocercoids]. PMID- 3252147 TI - [Let us eliminate subjectivity in assessing the toxoplasmosis problem (a comment on the article by A. Ia. Lysenko and M. M. Asatova, "Toxoplasmosis: facts and conjectures. 3. Congenital toxoplasmosis", printed in Meditsinskaia parazitologiia i parazitarnye bolezni No. 6, 1986)]. PMID- 3252148 TI - [Contribution of protein conformation to stereochemistry and reactivity of the active center of heme proteins and enzymes. The existence of horseradish peroxidase conformations and their possible role in the catalysis mechanism]. AB - In the spectral region 350-800 nm at 4.2 K we measured magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of the pentacoordinated complex of protcheme with 2 methylimidazole, deoxyleghemoglobin, neutral and alkaline forms of reduced horseradish peroxidase in the equilibrium states, as well as in non-equilibrium states produced by low-temperature photolysis of their carbon monoxide derivatives. Earlier the corresponding results have been obtained for myoglobin, hemoglobin and cytochromes P-450 and P-420. The energies of Fe-N (proximal His) and Fe-N(pyrroles) bonds and their changes upon ligand binding in heme proteins and enzymes were compared with those in the model heme complex thus providing conformational contribution into stereochemistry of the active site. The examples of weak and strong conformational "pressure" on stereochemistry were analysed and observed. If conformational energy contribution into stereochemistry prevails the electronic one the heme stereochemistry remains unchanged on ligand binding as it was observed for leghemoglobin and alkaline horseradish peroxidase. The change of bond energies in myoglobin and hemoglobin on ligand binding are comparable with those in protein free pentacoordinated protoheme, giving an example of weak conformational contribution to heme stereochemistry. The role of protein conformation energy in the modulation of ligand binding properties of heme in leghemoglobin relative to those in myoglobins is discussed. The most striking result were obtained in the study of reduced horseradish peroxidase in the pH region of 6.0-10.2. It was found that such different perturbations as ligand binding and heme-linked ionization of the distal amino acid residue induce identical changes in heme stereochemistry. Neither heme-linked ionization in the carbon monoxide complex nor the geometry of Fe-Co bond affect the heme local structure of photoproducts. These and other findings suggest a very low conformation mobility of horseradish peroxidase whose protein constraints appear to allow only two preferable geometries of specific amino acid residues that form the heme pocket. The role of the two tertiary structure constraints on the heme in the mechanism of horseradish peroxidase function is discussed. It is supposed that one conformation produces a heme environment suitable for two-electron oxidation of the native enzyme to compound I by hydrogen peroxide while another conformation changes the heme stereochemistry in the direction favourable for back reduction of compound I by the substrate to the resting enzyme through two one-electron steps. The switch from one tertiary structure to another is expected to be induced by substrate bind PMID- 3252149 TI - [Mechanism of formation of associated oligonucleosomes during electrophoresis]. AB - Here we used DNP electrophoresis to study the mechanism of formation of associated oligonucleosomes (A-particles) which have been previously shown by Weintraub to contain the DNA of silent but not of transcriptionally-active genes from chicken erythrocyte nuclei. We found out that A-particles are generated in the course of electrophoresis and that their assembly is inhibited as the result of redistribution of the most mobile fraction of histones H1 and H5. The mechanism and the conditions for the assembly of A-particles at the start line of DNP electrophoresis are discussed in the paper. The DNA molecules constituting A particles appeared to be about 60 base pairs longer than the DNA of free oligonucleosomes. Thus in course of nuclease treatment of erythrocyte nuclei two chromatin fractions can be observed, one of them containing the DNA of transcriptionally active genes loses its terminal DNA regions owing to rapid degradation of cleaved nucleosome linkers, while the other containing the DNA of repressed genes maintains its terminal linker DNA and gives rise to the associated oligonucleosomes. PMID- 3252150 TI - [Cooperative inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase of 2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-4 oxopiperidine-1-oxyl. Interpretation of results within the scope of a hexamer model with equivalent subunit orientation]. AB - It was shown that the blockage of epsilon-amino group of Lis-126 residue by 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-oxyl (TMPO) leads to the cooperative inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase (L-glutamate-NAD(P)-oxidoreductase, EC 1.4.1.3). The data concerning cooperative inactivation of the enzyme are interpreted by the model of hexamer with identical orientation of subunits. It was shown that the modification of any of enzyme subunits is accompanied by an inactivation of the hexamer's fragment which is a dimer, with subunits interacting reciprocally by means of isological contacts. PMID- 3252151 TI - [B-A and B-Z transitions in deoxyoligoduplexes containing 4- and 5- methylcytosine]. AB - Self-complementary oligodeoxynucleotides: GGACCCGGGTCC, GGA4mCCCGGGTCC, GGA5mCCCGGGTCC, CGCGCGCG, CG4mCGCGCG, CG5mCGCGCG were synthetized to study the contribution of methyl groups into the energetics of the three known cooperative transitions in DNA: helix-coil, B-A and B-Z With the use of circular dichroism and absorbtion methods the profiles of the above transitions were obtained by variation of temperature (helix-coil), trifluoroethanol fraction (B-A), NaCl and trifluorethanol contents (B-Z). On the basis of the transition widths and shifts of the transition points due to the methylations the energetics of the methyl groups was estimated. 5mC stabilizes the B form relatively the A form by 0.33 kcal/mol; while 4mC by 0.5 kcal/mol. In the B-Z transition 5 mC stabilizes the Z form by 0.28 kcal/mol relatively the B form; 4mC stabilizes also the Z form although by 0.14 kcal/mol only. Thus, these naturally occurring modifications could modulate substantially the ability of a DNA piece to shift into the A or Z form. PMID- 3252152 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of adaptation to hyperthermia in higher organisms. III. Induction of heat-shock proteins in two Leishmania species]. AB - The heat-shock proteins (hsp) induction in two species of Leishmania have been investigated. The species studied are parasites of two species of lizards (Lymnodactylus caspins and Agama caucasica) differing by temperature of correspondent ecological niche. Our results show that Leishmania species restricted to high-temperature host (Agama) is capable to synthesize its proteins at extreme temperatures (38, 40 degrees C) with greater intensity. Moreover, the species of Leishmania studied differed by heat-shock proteins pattern, the intensive synthesis of hsp88 and hsp48 being the characteristic features of Leishmania species, restricted to the high-temperature host. PMID- 3252153 TI - [Controlled ligation of oligodeoxyribonucleotides of DNA-ligase of the T4 phage]. AB - The enzymatic ligation of 5-10-membered synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides forming the complementary DNA-like duplexes has been studied. The possibility of selective DNA ligase catalyzed ligation of 5'-adenylylated derivatives of oligonucleotides in the absence of rATP and also the selective joining of cohesive ends in the presence of blunt ends in the complex mixtures of oligonucleotides at definite concentrations of rATP have been demonstrated. The influence of length and sequence of short synthetic DNA-duplexes on the efficiency of ligation has been shown. We have identified the unusual octanucleotide dpTATAATAT, that being able to form concatemer complexes could not be polymerized by T4 DNA ligase. PMID- 3252154 TI - [Affinity modification of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of phage T7 with 5'-p fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine]. AB - The affinity modification of the DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of bacteriophage T7 was carried out by using the specific irreversible inhibitor, 5'-p fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine. The inhibitor was found to bind to the enzyme's active site; the kinetic constants of the modification were calculated. The stoichiometry of the covalent E.I-complex formed was determined by using the 14C labeled inhibitor. PMID- 3252155 TI - [Mg2+-dependent interaction of DNA with eukaryotic cells]. AB - Interaction of DNA with eukaryotic cells under conditions similar to those providing DNA adsorption onto liposomes was studied. It was revealed that mouse fibroblasts (line A9) and myeloma cells bind phage and plasmid DNA in 0.3 M sucrose solution containing Mg2+-ions. Additional pretreatment of the cells by trypsin did not affect DNA adsorption efficiency. The major part of the adsorbed DNA recovered by salt treatment of the cells, but 10-15% of DNA was found to be irreversible. Up to 50% of the irreversibly bound DNA molecules retain their linear size after treatment of cells with DNAse I. Efficiencies of DNA adsorption and irreversibly binding depend on the concentration of Mg2+ in the medium. The process of DNA irreversible binding is not inhibited by drugs affecting cell metabolism. It is assumed that DNA adsorbs onto the phospholipid domains of the cell membrane, and part of the adsorbed DNA is taken up into the interior of the cells. PMID- 3252156 TI - [Loss of CpG dinucleotides from DNA. VI. Methylation of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes]. AB - From nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes the probable frequency of the CpG----TpG + CpA substitutions was determined. These substitutions may indicate the level of prior DNA methylation. It was found that the level of this methylation is significantly lower in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and chloroplast DNA (chDNA) than in nuclear DNA (nDNA) of the same species. The species (taxon) specificity of mtDNA and chDNA methylation was revealed. A correlation was found between the level of CpG methylation in nDNA, and mtDNA and chDNA in different organisms. It is shown that cytosine residues in CpG were not subjected to significant methylation in the fungi and invertebrate mtDNA and also in the algae chDNA. In contrast, the vertebrate mtDNA bears the impress of CpG supression, which is confirmed by direct data on methylation of these DNA. Here the first data on the possible enzymatic methylation of the plant mtDNA and chDNA were obtained. It was shown that the degree of CpG-suppression in the 5S rRNA nuclear genes of lower and higher plants is significantly higher in the chloroplast genes of 4,5S and 5S rRNA. From data on pea chDNA hydrolysis with MspI and HpaII it was established that in CCGG sequences this DNA is not methylated. The role of DNA methylation in increasing the mutation rate and in accelerating the evolutionary rates of vertebrate mtDNA is discussed. PMID- 3252158 TI - Deep-seated mycoses. Clinical aspects, pathology, laboratory diagnosis and therapy as illustrated in case studies. 20th scientific conference of the German speaking Mycological Society. Freiburg, 22-24 May 1986. PMID- 3252157 TI - [Classification and identification of toxic polypeptides using a pattern recognition method]. AB - A crucial rule for both rapid identification and classification of toxins by the relative content of the five most informative amino acids (glycine, cysteine, threonine, alanine and tryptophane) was established by using a computer algorithm of pattern recognition based on amino acid sequences of three families of toxic polypeptides. PMID- 3252159 TI - Fatal pulmonary multiple infection with Aspergillus spec. and Candida tropicalis. PMID- 3252160 TI - Septic cholangitis caused by Candida tropicalis. PMID- 3252161 TI - Relapsing fungal septicemia caused by Candida parapsilosis following staphylococcal septicemia. PMID- 3252162 TI - Disseminated candidosis following tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 3252163 TI - Candida peritonitis in 2 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PMID- 3252164 TI - Surgical and ketoconazole treatment of a Kerion Celsi caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida tropicalis. PMID- 3252165 TI - Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis after microtrauma of the right index finger. PMID- 3252166 TI - The incidence of deep-seated mycoses in Freiburg i. Br. (Federal Republic of Germany). PMID- 3252167 TI - Cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. PMID- 3252168 TI - Ultrastructural changes of synaptic glomeruli following intrathecal injection of distilled water to rats. AB - We attempted to identify synaptic glomeruli in the spinal substantia gelatinosa of rats by injecting distilled water into the subarachnoid space. The altered synaptic glomeruli were visualized when injecting 1.0 ml of distilled water, though the incidence of degenerative synaptic glomeruli was rare in the case of an injection of 0.5 ml or less. We assume that when the distilled water is injected, there is a sudden change in homeostatic balance in cerebrospinal fluid, following inhibition of nerve impulses in the dorsal root and the altered synaptic glomeruli. Ultrastructurally, the injection of distilled water led to a preferential degeneration of synaptic glomeruli derived from the C-fibers. PMID- 3252169 TI - Comparison of transmitter release properties of embryonic sympathetic neurons growing in vivo and in vitro. AB - The functional behavior of embryonic chick sympathetic neurons was determined by inducing release of [3H]norepinephrine by electrical stimulation of sympathetic neurons growing in the chick heart and in culture, with and without heart cells. A very close correspondence between the functional behavior of neurons developing with the heart cells, either in vivo or in vitro, was demonstrated. For example, the outflow of tritium from [3H]norepinephrine loaded sympathetic neurons of 15 day-old chick heart was about three times more at 10 Hz than at 1 Hz. In contrast, the outflow of tritium from 12-day-old [3H]norepinephrine loaded cultured sympathetic neurons was inversely related to the frequency of stimulation (outflow at 1 Hz was about three time more than at 10 Hz). When neurons were co-cultured with the heart cells, the frequency-outflow relationship reverted to that seen in the intact heart. Electrically-evoked outflow of tritium from the heart was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by 3-30 nM tetrodotoxin, abolished in 0.25 mM Ca medium, and potentiated by 3 mM tetraethylammonium. In sharp contrast, the outflow evoked by stimulation of cultured neurons was neither blocked by 30-300 nM tetrodotoxin, low Ca, nor potentiated by tetraethylammonium. However, when neurons were co-cultured with heart cells, the evoked outflow was blocked by 30 nM tetrodotoxin and low Ca, and potentiated by tetraethylammonium. Veratrine (10 microM) had very little effect on the outflow from cultured neurons but induced a massive outflow from co cultures as well as hearts. Neurons grown in a medium conditioned by the heart cells were not sensitive to tetrodotoxin and veratrine. It is implied that cultured sympathetic neurons are endowed mostly with Ca channels, and that the Na channels become functional only when neurons are grown with the target cells. This dramatic alteration in the functional behavior of neurons co-cultured with heart cells indicates that the effector organ has an important role in the development of ionic conductances of sympathetic neurons growing in the body and in culture. PMID- 3252170 TI - Time required for transmitter accumulation inside monoaminergic storage vesicles differs in peripheral and in central systems. AB - Monoamine storage vesicles accumulate transmitters via an active transport process which presents similar pharmacological and bioenergetic properties in all monoaminergic systems. Using [3H]reserpine, a specific ligand of the vesicular monoamine transporter on isolated storage vesicles, we have determined the molecular turnover number of the monoamine transporter and found in various monoaminergic systems an identical value of 135 molecules of substrate transported per min. Using high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical monoamine determination and the binding of [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine, a specific ligand of the vesicular monoamine transporter in tissue homogenates, we have measured the ratio of transmitter molecules per transporter in various rat tissues containing high amounts of monoamines. This ratio is about 500 in brain regions (striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain) and in the maxillary gland, it varies from 2000 to 7000 in sympathetic nerve terminals in the heart, brown adipose tissue and vas deferens, and it is 6000 in platelets and 280,000 in the adrenal medulla. The minimal time required in vivo for biogenic amine accumulation inside storage vesicles could be derived from these data. Values of 2-4 min were found for brain or maxillary gland synaptic vesicles, 15-50 min for heart, brown adipose tissue or vas deferens sympathetic vesicles and for platelet granules, and 35 h for adrenal medulla chromaffin granules. Thus the maturation time of monoaminergic vesicles, in terms of monoamine accumulation, is highly variable, being short in the brain and maxillary glands, 5-20-fold longer in the sympathetic nervous system and in platelets, and much increased in adrenals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252171 TI - Long latency inhibition of H-reflex recovery by cutaneous tactile stimulation in man: a cutaneous transcortical reflex. AB - The effect of cutaneous tactile stimulation on motoneuron excitability was studied in 20 normal subjects and in patients of hemiplegia (n = 14) and paraplegia (n = 15) by plotting H-reflex recovery curves during application of twin pulses alone ("basal" H-reflex recovery curve), and twin pulses synchronized with electrical stimuli evoking tactile sensation in skin over the lateral border of the small toe. The "basal" H-reflex recovery curves from normal subjects showed a significant lateral asymmetry of motoneuron excitability, with an even distribution of subjects showing greater excitability on the left and right sides. However, there was no relation between handedness and the side with greater excitability. The cutaneous stimulation produced a highly significant inhibition of the H-reflex recovery between 600 and 6000 ms, with the maximum inhibition recorded at 1000 and 2000 ms, at which time even a complete inhibition of the test H-reflex was observed in some instances. The effect of cutaneous stimulation before 600 ms was statistically insignificant. The amount of cutaneous inhibition of H-reflex recovery showed a lateral asymmetry. The side with greater motoneuron excitability showed more cutaneous inhibition of the H reflex recovery. A comparison of the H-reflex recovery at higher frequencies of cutaneous stimulation with that at basal frequency showed a slight but statistically insignificant difference in the amount of cutaneous inhibition of the H-reflex recovery. In hemiplegics, the "basal" H-reflex recovery curves showed greater motoneuron excitability on the affected side as compared to those of the unaffected side or controls, with the late inhibitory phase being completely obliterated. A similar pattern was also observed in paraplegics. Significantly, the lateral asymmetry of motoneuron excitability observed in the control group was absent in paraplegics. The cutaneous stimulation failed to produce any significant effect on the H-reflex recovery curves either in the affected side of hemiplegics or in both sides of paraplegics. The significant long latency inhibition of the H-reflex recovery curve produced by cutaneous tactile stimulation is a new finding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3252172 TI - Localization of vasopressin binding sites in rat brain by in vitro autoradiography using a radioiodinated V1 receptor antagonist. AB - Vasopressin may act in the brain as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator to influence blood pressure, memory, body temperature and brain development. In order to localize probable central nervous system sites for these actions, we have used 125I-labelled 1-d(CH2)5, 7-sarcosine-8-arginine vasopressin, a specific V1-receptor antagonist, and in vitro autoradiography to map brain vasopressin binding sites. High levels of binding were found in the choroid plexus, blood vessels, lateral septum, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, accumbens nucleus, central nucleus of amygdala, stigmoid hypothalamic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, area postrema and parts of the hippocampus, thalamus, superior colliculus, and inferior olivary nuclei. Many of these regions are known to be vasopressin-sensitive and to contain vasopressin fibres. Significantly there was no binding to the paraventricular nor the supraoptic nuclei. Displacement of the radioligand from the lateral septum with unlabelled vasopressin analogues gave a rank order of potencies: d(CH2)5-D Tyr2(Et)Val4-desGly9-arginine-vasopressin approximately equal to d(CH2)5-Tyr2 (Me)arginine-vasopressin approximately equal to arginine-vasopressin approximately equal to d(CH2)5-Sar7-arginine-vasopressin greater than [1-deamino, 8-D-arginine]-vasopressin approximately equal to oxytocin much greater than vasopressin4-9, consistent with binding to V1 receptor subtype. These studies confirm and extend previous findings of V1 receptors in the rat brain. In particular, several new regions of vasopressin receptor binding have been identified, possibly due to the advantages of a radioiodinated ligand with high receptor affinity without binding to neurophysins. Future study of these regions may prove fruitful in elucidating the central actions of vasopressin. PMID- 3252173 TI - Angiotensin II-(3-8)-hexapeptide affects motor activity, performance of passive avoidance and a conditioned avoidance response in rats. AB - Angiotensin II-(3-8)-hexapeptide, at the dose of 1 nmol given intracerebroventricularly, only slightly less than angiotensin II (the same dose and route) stimulated exploratory locomotor behaviour in an open field and electromagnetic motimeter. Both peptides considerably enhanced stereotyped behaviour produced by apomorphine and amphetamine. Angiotensin II-(3-8) hexapeptide improved recall in a passive avoidance situation as well as angiotensin II. The 3-8 C-terminus of angiotensin II enhanced acquisition of active avoidance nearly as effectively as the complete peptide. The results indicate that the effectiveness of equimolar doses of angiotensin II-(3-8) hexapeptide and angiotensin II in improving processes related to learning and memory in rats is almost identical and thus must be independent of specific angiotensin receptors in brain to which the hexapeptide binds with about 1000 times lower affinity than angiotensin II. The stimulation of stereotypy, a dopamine-controlled behaviour, by the peptides points to the possibility of dopaminergic mediation of their psychotropic effects. PMID- 3252174 TI - In vivo evidence for acetylcholine control of serotonin release in the cat caudate nucleus: influence of halothane anaesthesia. AB - Using a push-pull cannula technique and an isotopic method for the estimation of [3H]serotonin continuously synthesized from [3H]tryptophan, the effects of acetylcholine were investigated on the in vivo release of [3H]serotonin in the cat basal ganglia and the dorsal raphe nucleus. The unilateral striatal application of acetylcholine (5 x 10(-5) M) reduced local release of [3H]serotonin. This effect was mimicked by nicotine (5 x 10(-5) M) and prevented by mecamylamine (10(-6) M. Oxotremorine (5 x 10(-5) M) had no effect on the local release of [3H]serotonin. All these treatments failed to modify [3H]serotonin release in the ipsilateral substantia nigra or in the dorsal raphe nucleus. The superfusion of serotonergic nerve terminals of the caudate nucleus with tetrodotoxin prevented the inhibitory acetylcholine-induced effect on serotonin release. Furthermore, bicuculline (5 x 10(-5) M) in the caudate nucleus blocked the effect of nicotine, while gamma-aminobutyric acid (10(-5) M) induced a decrease in local release of [3H]serotonin. These data strongly suggest that the inhibitory control exerted by acetylcholine on serotonergic transmission could involve gamma-aminobutyric acid interneurons. Acetylcholine-induced changes in [3H]serotonin release were only observed in non-anaesthetized "encephale isole" cats and not in halothane-anaesthetized animals. The possibility that such a regulation could be presynaptic (direct or through other neurotransmitters) or related to a change in the activity of the serotonergic raphe-striatal neuronal system is discussed. PMID- 3252175 TI - Measurement of extracellular basal levels of serotonin in vivo using nafion coated carbon fibre electrodes combined with differential pulse voltammetry. AB - Carbon fibre electrodes combined with differential pulse voltammetry have been used for a number of years to monitor changes in the extracellular concentrations of ascorbic acid, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. However, the primary objective of in vivo electrochemists has been to monitor changes in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter amines; dopamine and serotonin rather than their metabolites. In this paper we describe a new chemically- and electrically-pretreated Nafion-coated carbon fibre electrode which can be used to monitor basal levels of serotonin in the extracellular fluid in the frontal cortex and the dorsal raphe nucleus of rat. These electrodes combined with differential pulse voltammetry detect dopamine (Peak A at -70 mV) and serotonin (Peak B at +240 V) oxidation peaks in vitro but not the oxidation of ascorbic acid, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid or uric acid, at concentrations up to 10 microM. These electrodes were able to detect serotonin concentration as large as 1 nM in vitro. When used in vivo the oxidation peaks obtained in the frontal cortex and dorsal raphe indicate the basal concentrations of serotonin to be 5 nM and 10 nM respectively. Pharmacological interventions in rats implanted with normal carbon fibre electrodes or with Nafion carbon fibre electrodes further demonstrate that the new Nafion electrodes measure serotonin in vivo. The Nafion-coated electrodes therefore may be a useful tool for the study of serotoninergic systems in vivo with the added advantage that they cause minimal damage due to their small tip size (30 micron). PMID- 3252176 TI - Characterization of hippocampal norepinephrine release as measured by microdialysis perfusion: pharmacological and behavioral studies. AB - The release of endogenous norepinephrine in hippocampus was studied in freely moving rats with microdialysis perfusion. Using a loop-style dialysis probe, the basal amount of norepinephrine collected in 15-min fractions averaged 12 pg/25 microliters. Correcting for recovery (21%), the concentration of norepinephrine in the extracellular fluid of hippocampus under resting conditions was estimated to be approximately 14 nM. The alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) increased norepinephrine efflux to 230% of basal levels. Clonidine (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), an alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist, decreased norepinephrine efflux to 56% of baseline. Addition of the reuptake blocker desipramine (1.0 microM) to the perfusate had no significant effect on norepinephrine efflux. However, increasing the K+ concentration of the perfusate to 30 mM increased norepinephrine efflux to 196% of baseline, and this effect was increased nearly two-fold by the addition of desipramine to the perfusate (364% of baseline). Restraint stress and intermittent tailshock increased norepinephrine efflux to 213% and 234% of baseline, respectively. The results suggest that microdialysis is a useful way to study norepinephrine release in hippocampus and they permit several conclusions to be drawn. First, the data obtained with systemic administration of alpha 2 adrenoceptor drugs emphasize the fact that a variety of regulatory mechanisms exist that may affect transmitter levels in the extracellular fluid. Second, the ratio of extracellular to intracellular norepinephrine in hippocampal tissue is considerably higher than that reported for dopamine in striatum. Coupled with the small effect of norepinephrine uptake blockade, this suggests that nerve terminal density is an important factor in determining the concentration of catecholamines in the extracellular fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252177 TI - Effects of a lidocaine derivative QX-572 on CA1 neuronal responses to electrical and chemical stimuli in a hippocampal slice. AB - Activity of CA1 neurons was recorded in rat hippocampal slices with a lidocaine derived QX-572-filled micropipette. The QX compound abolished Na action potentials as reported earlier. In addition it reduced markedly the burst slow afterhyperpolarization seen in these neurons in response to a depolarizing current pulse. It also modified responses to neurotransmitter substances associated with changes in K currents, acetylcholine and serotonin. QX-filled micropipettes can therefore provide some insight into mechanisms of action of certain neurotransmitters in the brain but they cannot be used as selective blockers of Na currents. PMID- 3252178 TI - Effect of hypothyroidism on the expression of three microtubule-associated proteins (1A, 1B and 2) in developing rat cerebellum. AB - The microtubule-associated proteins 1A, 1B and 2 are present at high levels in Purkinje cell dendrites of normal adult rat cerebellum but show characteristic changes in localization during cerebellar development that allow examination of the effects of hypothyroidism on the development of both Purkinje cells and granule cells. Neonatal rats were made hypothyroid by treatment with propylthiouracil from the day of birth (post-natal day 0, P0). The expression of the microtubule-associated proteins 1A, 1B and 2 in the cerebellum of hypothyroid animals was examined using immunocytochemical techniques and compared to the normal developmental pattern in control animals. The normal developmental decrease in microtubule-associated protein 1A and 1B levels in parallel fibres was delayed in the cerebellum of hypothyroid animals and these proteins persisted in parallel fibres until after P20. Microtubule-associated protein 1B but not 1A was still present in parallel fibres in less mature folia at P30 in hypothyroid rats suggesting that the expression of these two microtubule-associated proteins is regulated separately. In the molecular layer staining with anti-microtubule associated protein 2 was enriched in Purkinje cell dendrites in normal and hypothyroid cerebella and the stained Purkinje cell dendrites in hypothyroid cerebellum demonstrated a typical deformed morphology at P15. The results show that the restricted subcellular localization of these microtubule-associated proteins is maintained in the cerebellum of hypothyroid rats but the developmental changes in their expression are delayed. PMID- 3252180 TI - Stimulation of afferent nerve endings by intragastric capsaicin protects against ethanol-induced damage of gastric mucosa. AB - Ablation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons enhances experimentally induced ulceration in the rat gastric mucosa, which suggests that these neurons are involved in gastric mucosal protection. To provide direct evidence for such a function it was investigated whether stimulation of afferent nerve endings by the intragastric administration of capsaicin could counteract the ulcerogenic effect of 25% ethanol. Capsaicin (3.2-640 microM), administered together with ethanol, inhibited the development of haemorrhagic lesions in a concentration-dependent fashion but did not alter the ethanol-induced fall in the gastric potential difference. This suggests that capsaicin does not prevent ethanol from damaging gastric epithelial cells but can counteract the vascular lesions caused by ethanol. The anti-lesion effect of intragastric capsaicin was absent in adult rats which had been treated with a high dose of systemic capsaicin as neonates in order to achieve a permanent degeneration of unmyelinated afferent neurons. It would appear, therefore, that intragastric capsaicin reduces lesion formation by an action on afferent neurons. The protective effect of intragastric capsaicin was not altered following acute subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, acute removal of the coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex, acute bilateral ligation of the adrenal glands, or pretreatment of the rats with atropine or guanethidine. These findings indicate that stimulation of afferent neurons by intragastric capsaicin affords protection of the rat gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced damage. As the autonomic nervous system is not involved gastroprotection appears to represent a local effector function of sensory nerve endings in the stomach. PMID- 3252179 TI - Stimulus-induced extracellular pH transients in the in vitro turtle cerebellum. AB - In a number of CNS preparations, neuronal activation has been shown to result in a rapid extracellular alkaline transient, followed by a prolonged acid shift. The isolated turtle cerebellum was used to investigate the early alkaline transient. Double-barreled ion-sensitive microelectrodes for H+, K+ and tetramethylammonium were used to measure field potentials and extracellular ion and volume shifts in response to bipolar electrical stimulation of the parallel fibers. Transition from 15 mM HEPES to 35 mM HCO3- -buffered Ringer decreased the amplitude of the alkaline shift, presumably due to a marked increase in extracellular buffering power. In HEPES-buffered Ringer, repetitive stimulation produced alkaline shifts as large as 0.3-0.4 pH. Single shocks produced an alkaline shift of 0.006 +/- 0.0002 pH with a latency as short as 70 ms. Kynurenic acid (an excitatory amino acid antagonist), or Mn2+, blocked the alkaline shift and the postsynaptic component of the field potential. The alkaline shift was not blocked by the Na-H exchange inhibitor amiloride. The relationship between pHo and extracellular volume transients was studied using tetramethylammonium as an extracellular volume indicator. In nominally HCO3-free Ringer, stimulation at 5 Hz for 10 s caused a decrease in extracellular volume of 3.0 +/- 0.2 per cent. The volume transient was unaffected by 3 mM Mn2+, while the alkaline shift was completely abolished. The data for the alkaline shift are consistent with a channel-mediated transmembrane flux of proton equivalents. The size of the pH change and the underlying perturbation it represents, indicate that acid-base shifts may be a functionally important consequence of neuronal activity. PMID- 3252181 TI - The new role of nurses in India. PMID- 3252182 TI - The expanding concept of nursing. PMID- 3252183 TI - Meeting the needs of the community. PMID- 3252184 TI - Nursing services in India. PMID- 3252186 TI - Nursing leadership development strategies. PMID- 3252185 TI - Development of community health nursing in India. PMID- 3252187 TI - The nurse and good nature. PMID- 3252188 TI - Nobility of nursing. PMID- 3252189 TI - [Effect of salbutamol on post-exertion bronchial spasm and post-exertion refraction time]. PMID- 3252190 TI - [Nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity after long-term use of a beta 2 agonist]. PMID- 3252191 TI - [Postprandial gastrin levels in patients with bronchial asthma chronically treated with corticoids]. PMID- 3252192 TI - [Effect of pentagastrin on bronchial spasm in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3252193 TI - [Inhibition of the production of induced interferon in mice using Tavegyl and Benhydramin]. PMID- 3252194 TI - Evaluation of a method for initiating vancomycin therapy: experience in 205 patients. AB - This study evaluated a dosing method for initiating vancomycin therapy in a large population based on patients' age, weight, and renal function. The aims were to determine the method's efficacy in achieving predetermined peak and trough serum concentrations, and to calculate the cost savings incurred by individualizing therapy. Average doses +/- 1 SD of 7.93 +/- 0.29 mg/kg corrected body weight (lean body weight + 40% excess weight) were administered at intervals predicted by the patients' estimated creatinine clearances (range 22-130 ml/min). The calculated mean dose +/- SD was 558 +/- 83 mg (range 350-750 mg) and the calculated median interval was 12 hours (range 6-24 hr). Peak and trough concentrations +/- SD measured at steady state averaged 26.0 +/- 5.4 and 7.3 +/- 2.3 micrograms/ml, respectively. Peak and trough serum concentrations fell within the predetermined therapeutic range in 311 (76%) of 410 samples. Peak concentrations were in the range of 20-30 micrograms/ml in 145 (71%) of 205 samples. Trough concentrations were in the range of 5-10 micrograms/ml in 166 (81%) of the 205 samples. This simplified dosing method successfully individualized therapy in most patients, and produced a significant savings to the pharmacy in reduced drug acquisition costs and to patients in reduced drug charges. PMID- 3252195 TI - The effect of intracoronary lidocaine on ventricular arrhythmia in the infarcted canine heart. AB - The efficacy of intracoronary administration of lidocaine was studied in three groups of dogs with experimental myocardial infarction induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Group 1 included 14 anesthetized and group 2, 7 conscious animals to which lidocaine 1.4 micrograms/kg/minute was administered as an intracoronary infusion. Group 3 consisted of 17 anesthetized dogs that received an intracoronary bolus of lidocaine 40 micrograms/kg over 30 seconds. In group 1, lidocaine reduced ventricular arrhythmia by 59 +/- 30% (p less than 0.001), whereas systemic lidocaine achieved a reduction by 61 +/- 37% (p 0.06). In seven dogs, lidocaine blood levels were measured in the great cardiac and femoral veins. At the end of the infusion the drug concentration was 3.4 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml in the great cardiac and 1.3 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml in the femoral vein (p less than 0.05). The reduction in ventricular arrhythmia correlated with the great cardiac vein lidocaine concentration (r = 0.70; p less than 0.05), but not with the drug level in the femoral vein (r = 0.06; NS). In group 2, lidocaine was ineffective by both routes of administration. This may have been related to higher sympathetic activity, as suggested by an elevated heart rate in conscious compared to anesthetized animals (186 +/- 6 vs 164 +/- 21 bpm; p 0.0054). In group 3, bolus injections of lidocaine into the LAD reduced ventricular arrhythmia by 66% (p 0.001). We conclude that by perfusing the infarcted zone with lidocaine, a significant antiarrhythmic effect can be achieved with 2% of the systemic dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252197 TI - [Serum lipids in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3252196 TI - [Causes of increased IgE levels in the body]. PMID- 3252199 TI - [Transient bronchial hyperreactivity in influenza]. PMID- 3252198 TI - [Evaluation of cellular immunity in patients with bronchial asthma using the Multitest CMI]. PMID- 3252200 TI - [Cellular response in patients with post-infarction Dresser syndrome studied by the leukocyte migration inhibition test]. PMID- 3252201 TI - [Usefulness of the Bronchoscreen apparatus in diagnosing bronchial hyperreactivity by the histamine provocation test]. PMID- 3252202 TI - [Pseudopolyvalent drug allergy in a patient with marked hypersensitivity to penicillin]. PMID- 3252203 TI - [Calcium antagonists in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3252204 TI - [Radiologic examination in evaluating the treatment of aortic valve defect by implantation of a homogenous valve]. PMID- 3252205 TI - [Results of the rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia of vascular origin]. PMID- 3252206 TI - [Withdrawal syndrome after discontinuation of calcium channel blockers]. PMID- 3252208 TI - [Effect of hypotensive drugs on serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins in humans]. PMID- 3252207 TI - [Interactions of propranolol with nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem]. PMID- 3252210 TI - [Diagnostic value of breast discharge. Indications for galactography]. PMID- 3252209 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the serum and gastric juice of patients with cancer of the stomach and in patients with various non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract]. PMID- 3252211 TI - [A case of familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]. PMID- 3252212 TI - Cerebral hemiatrophy--correlation of human with animal experimental data. AB - We report the neuropathologic findings in a 63-year-old white male with a history of birth asphyxia, cerebral palsy, seizures and mild mental retardation in conjunction with similar brain pathologic findings in animal models of perinatal asphyxia. The human case showed a left cerebral hemispheric hemiatrophy associated with an extensive ulegyria involving all cerebral lobes on that side and a single microscopic focus of cortical atrophy in the right hemisphere. Among a large number of experimental perinatal asphyctic exposures only an occasional animal, like the human case described, showed unilateral hemispheric injury with softening and necrosis if examined early and ulegyria with hemispheric hemiatrophy if examined late. The present paper suggests that perinatal asphyxia under specific pathophysiologic conditions may cause unilateral brain injury. Our experimental studies suggest the specific condition of perinatal asphyxia potentially causing unilateral or asymmetrical brain damage is marked hypoxemia combined with substantial reductions in blood pressure but without circulatory collapse. Given these conditions, the asymmetry of the brain damage likely reflects fetal head position within the gravitational field relative to the heart. With disturbed cerebral blood flow autoregulation from asphyxia, the gravitational field likely accentuates the ischemia of those brain areas most elevated above the level of the heart. Thus, we postulate head position may play a pivotal role in defining brain regions that are damaged in hypotensive perinatal asphyxia. This interpretation may affect the intensive care of hypoxemic, hypotensive newborns aimed at minimizing the risk of brain damage. PMID- 3252213 TI - Use of the 'H' reflex recovery curve in selective posterior rhizotomy. AB - Selective posterior rhizotomy is a safe and effective treatment in carefully selected patients. It produces objective and lasting changes in muscle tone and function without serious sensory complications. The 'H' reflex recovery curve technique allows objective evaluation of sensory rootlets and a physiologic rationale for the selection of abnormal rootlets. In 95 patients this technique has provided good results without significant sensory compromise. PMID- 3252215 TI - Pituitary stalk agenesis: magnetic resonance imaging of 'ectopic posterior lobe' with surgical correlation. AB - A patient with anterior pituitary deficiencies, without diabetes insipidus, was found to have a retrochiasmatic mass in association with a large middle fossa cyst on CT and MRI scans, and no tissue in the sella ('empty sella'). At surgery, the pituitary stalk was absent. The retrochiasmatic mass was biopsied and shown to be consistent with pituitary stalk. Recent descriptions of MR visualization of an 'ectopic' posterior pituitary lobe are discussed in relation to this case of agenesis of the pituitary stalk and posterior lobe. PMID- 3252214 TI - Rapid deterioration in a three-year-old with left hemiparesis. PMID- 3252216 TI - International Symposium on Pediatric Neuro-Oncology. Seattle, Wash., June 1-3, 1989. Abstracts. PMID- 3252217 TI - [Orthodontic treatment. When to begin?]. PMID- 3252218 TI - [Acute myocardial infarction from dental treatment: report of a case]. PMID- 3252219 TI - [Examination of the oral cavity of the newborn (preliminary study)]. PMID- 3252220 TI - [Corticoids]. PMID- 3252221 TI - [Dentigerous follicular cyst]. PMID- 3252222 TI - [Essential aspects of infection and immunology]. PMID- 3252223 TI - [Oral changes in the neonate]. PMID- 3252225 TI - [Current world trends in higher education. 2]. PMID- 3252224 TI - [Emergency management of pediatric patients with dentoalveolar trauma]. PMID- 3252226 TI - [How much time is required for orthodontic treatment?]. PMID- 3252227 TI - [Space recovery by eruption of retained teeth]. PMID- 3252228 TI - [Lipoma of the tongue: report of a case]. PMID- 3252229 TI - [Acute infections and inflammation in the oral cavity]. PMID- 3252230 TI - [Pediatric dentistry in the national health system]. PMID- 3252231 TI - [Antibiotics]. PMID- 3252232 TI - [Evolution of the temporomandibular joint in man]. PMID- 3252233 TI - [Hyperhypophysisism (Acromegaly)]. PMID- 3252234 TI - [Dental caries and socioeconomic status in Mexican schoolchildren]. PMID- 3252235 TI - [Prevalence of oral tumors and changes in the salivary glands and tonsils: a review of surgical cases]. PMID- 3252236 TI - [National Institute of Perinatology. Dentistry in the perinatal field]. PMID- 3252237 TI - [Osteoarthritis of the TMJ]. PMID- 3252238 TI - [Evolution of the temporomandibular joint in man]. PMID- 3252239 TI - [Management of emergencies of pulpal origin in pediatric practice]. PMID- 3252240 TI - Animal depression model by neonatal clomipramine: reduction of shock induced aggression. AB - Clomipramine, administered to neonatal rats, has been reported to produce adult behavioral and REM sleep abnormalities. They include decreased sexual behavior, increased ambulation in the outer part of an open-field arena, increased REM sleep % of total sleep time, and in descriptive data, short REM latency, and increased REM phasic events. Since these abnormalities resemble some found in human endogenous depression, we have hypothesized that the adult rats represent an animal model of depression. Diminished aggressive behavior is a common characteristic of endogenous depression. This study tested the validity of the animal depression model by determining in rats the effect of neonatal clomipramine on adult shock-induced fighting. Experimental rats were treated neonatally with clomipramine and control rats were treated neonatally with saline. When they matured, compared with control rats, experimental rats had significantly fewer offensive fighting responses, and significantly more defensive fighting responses. The findings add some support to the validity of the animal depression model produced by neonatal clomipramine. PMID- 3252241 TI - Peripheral serotonin administration selectively reduces fat intake in rats. AB - Recent research has led to the hypothesis that serotonergic mechanisms may be involved in both the control of energy intake and appetites for specific nutrients. Most of this research has focused on serotonin (5-HT) within the central nervous system. However, there is evidence which suggests that peripheral 5-HT also may be involved in the control of energy intake and nutrient selection. To further assess this suggestion, the effects of peripheral 5-HT administration on energy consumption and nutrient intakes were examined in adult male Sprague Dawley rats given separate sources of protein, fat and carbohydrate. Administration of 5-HT (doses ranging from 2-6 mg/kg) led to significant dose related decreases in total energy intake in both freely feeding and food restricted rats. Examination of individual nutrient intakes revealed that following 5-HT, fat intake was more suppressed than either carbohydrate or protein intakes. Administration of the 5-HT antagonist, methysergide, blocked the suppressive effects of 5-HT on both total energy intake and fat intake. The present data support the proposal that peripheral serotonergic mechanisms play a role in ingestive behaviors. PMID- 3252242 TI - The concentration of morphine in serum of rats made dependent using a drug admixed food method. AB - The present study reports on the induction of physical dependence in rats using morphine-admixed food and addresses the question of the resulting concentration of morphine in serum. The stability of morphine in food is good, since no decrease in concentration could be observed. The concentration of morphine in serum during the experiment was measured using a radioimmunoassay technique. A correlation was found between the food intake during a 7-hour period and the concentration of morphine in the serum at the end of that period, both for a 1 g/kg and a 2 g/kg batch of morphine-admixed food. The concentration of morphine in serum was also found to be dose-related during a period of 6-23 days when the rats were fed for a prolonged period. After long-term administration of 1 g/kg morphine in food a steady-state level of about 0.5 mg/l serum was obtained. Similarly with 2 g/kg morphine in food a steady-state level of 0.8-1.1 mg/l serum was reached. After withdrawal of morphine the serum concentration of morphine dropped to 0.1 mg/l within 24 hours and to below the detection limit within 48 hours. During the withdrawal period sharp drops were noted in body weight (20%) and food intake (50%) after one day. PMID- 3252243 TI - The relative contribution of ascending and descending serotonergic pathways in p chloroamphetamine-induced antinociception. AB - Systemic administration in rats of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA; 2 x 10 mg/kg) reduced the in vitro uptake of 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine (14C-5-HT) in cortical synaptosomes by 76% and in spinal cord synaptosomes by 35%. Intrathecal injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (20 micrograms/rat) selectively lesioned the descending serotonergic pathways (83% reduction in uptake of 14C-5-HT in spinal synaptosomes, no significant change in uptake in cortical synaptosomes). Administration of PCA or 5,6-DHT did not significantly alter the uptake of 3H noradrenalin into cortical or spinal synaptosomes. The response thresholds of the rats in the increasing temperature hot plate test (1 to 7 days after administration) were unaffected by either type of lesion. Interference with the antinociceptive effect of PCA (2.5 mg/kg) was evaluated 7 days after administration of the neurotoxins. PCA pretreatment strongly reduced the peak of the PCA-induced antinociception while 5,6-DHT reduced its duration. Thus, both ascending and descending serotonergic pathways contribute to PCA-induced antinociception. PMID- 3252244 TI - A long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor reverses spatial memory deficits in mice. AB - The effects of the long-acting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, galanthamine, on spatial memory were investigated in mice. Mice received ibotenic acid or sham lesions to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBM). Groups of nBM lesioned and control mice were then trained on a modified Morris swim maze task. Each mouse was first placed on a platform and then into quadrants of the swim tank in a random order. Time required to find the hidden platform was measured. In different phases of testing, the animal had to find a platform that either remained in the same quadrant (reference memory component) or was moved daily (working memory component). The nBM-lesioned mice took significantly longer to find the platform as compared to controls on the working, but not on the reference, memory component of the task. Galanthamine (5.0 mg/kg, IP), given 3.5 hours before testing, improved performance on the working memory task in nBM lesioned mice by 70% and strikingly impaired performance in controls. Galanthamine's ability to reverse cognitive deficits induced by nBM lesions and its comparatively long half-life suggest that it may be effective in treating the central cholinergic deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients. PMID- 3252245 TI - The effect of lowering plasma tryptophan on food selection in normal males. AB - The effects of a tryptophan deficient amino acid mixture on food selection were studied using a double-blind counterbalanced crossover design in normal male subjects. The subjects ingested tryptophan deficient or nutritionally balanced amino acid mixtures in the morning after an overnight fast. Five hours after the tryptophan deficient amino acid mixture plasma tryptophan was only 19% of the level found five hours after the nutritionally balanced amino acid mixture. After both mixtures subjects were allowed to select lunch from a buffet. The tryptophan deficient mixture was associated with a modest but significant decline in protein selection with no significant alteration in selection of carbohydrate, fat or total kcal. Our results suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine is involved in the control of protein selection in humans. PMID- 3252246 TI - Ethanol withdrawal alters apomorphine-induced motility. AB - Acute administration of ethanol is accompanied by alterations in dopamine turnover and release, and chronic ethanol exposure is associated with changes in biochemical measures of dopamine receptor function. This paper presents data examining the effects of chronic ethanol exposure on behavioral responses to the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine. Measurements of behavior were obtained through the use of an electronic motility monitor which permitted the quantification of movements in terms of their characteristic frequency components. Results are presented which indicate that apomorphine-induced movements with modal frequencies of 2 Hz and of 8-9 Hz are significantly increased during the 12 to 24 hr following ethanol withdrawal, suggesting an increase in the functional responsiveness of central dopaminergic systems. PMID- 3252247 TI - Brain localization of cholinergic influence on male sex behavior in rats: agonists. AB - Cholinergic agonists were microinjected into either the lateral ventricle or the preoptic area of sexually experienced male rats. In Experiment 1 carbachol, injected into the lateral ventricles, delayed the initiation of sexual behavior. When injected into the preoptic area, carbachol again delayed the onset of copulation, but these delays were shorter than after ventricular injections. In addition, preoptic injections reduced the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation. In Experiment 2 ventricular injections of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine again delayed initiation of sexual behavior and also slowed its rate. However, oxotremorine injections into the preoptic area, through cannulae angled to miss all ventricles, only decreased the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation. These data suggest that cholinergic synapses in proximity to the ventricles may decrease sexual arousal, while cholinergic mechanisms in or near the preoptic area may reduce ejaculatory threshold. PMID- 3252249 TI - Effect of chronic pentobarbital treatment on the development of cross-tolerance to ethanol and barbital. AB - Recently, we reported that a chronic regimen of ethanol by intubation, which produced clear tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia, ataxia and sleep, produced only a marginal degree of cross-tolerance to these effects of pentobarbital. The present experiments were designed to test the reverse process by examining cross-tolerance to pentobarbital after chronic pretreatment with ethanol, chronic pentobarbital treatment by gavage conferred clear cross tolerance to both barbital- and ethanol-induced hypothermia, ataxia and sleep. In a separate experiment, cross-tolerance to barbital- and ethanol-induced hypothermia and ataxia was demonstrated over a wide range of test doses. Determination of ethanol blood levels as well as a complete time course of absorption, distribution and elimination of ethanol suggested that pharmacokinetic alterations may play a role in the development of cross-tolerance to ethanol in pentobarbital-treated subjects. The asymmetry of cross-tolerance raises the possibility that pentobarbital and ethanol invoke tolerance by mechanisms that are not wholly identical. This possibility requires further exploration. Conceivably the actions of ethanol which mediate the measured effects form a subset of a larger range of pentobarbital actions that could provide a stronger stimulus to tolerance development. PMID- 3252248 TI - Brain localization of cholinergic influence on male sex behavior in rats: antagonists. AB - The muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine was microinjected into either the preoptic area or the lateral ventricle, preceding sexual behavior tests. In Experiment 1 unilateral ventricular injections of scopolamine delayed the initiation of copulation, while unilateral preoptic injections had no effect. In Experiment 2 bilateral injections into the preoptic area produced dose-related decreases in the percentages of animals intromitting and ejaculating. In Experiment 3 scopolamine, injected alone into the preoptic area, again decreased the percentages of animals mounting, intromitting, and ejaculating. The muscarinic agonist oxotremorine, injected alone into the preoptic area, decreased ejaculatory threshold (i.e., decreased the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation) as previously reported. Concurrent oxotremorine and scopolamine injections into the preoptic area were not different from vehicle; thus, scopolamine blocked oxotremorine's effect. These data suggest that some cholinergic activation of the preoptic area is critical for normal copulation, since bilateral blockade of muscarinic receptors there dramatically decreased the number of animals copulating. However, increased cholinergic activity there only reduced ejaculation threshold. PMID- 3252250 TI - Modulation by morphine of aversive-like behavior induced by GABAergic blockade in periaqueductal gray or medial hypothalamus. AB - Pretreatment with "analgesic" doses (15 nmoles) of morphine injected either into the periaqueductal gray (PAG) or into the medial hypothalamus (MH) were found to modulate flight behavior elicited by bicuculline injected into the same brain sites. When injected into the MH, morphine always suppressed bicuculline-induced flight, while PAG injections paradoxically either suppressed or facilitated the behavioral effects produced by bicuculline. Whenever a facilitation of the bicuculline-induced effects had been observed following pretreatment with 15 nmoles of morphine into the PAG, the infusion of lower doses (6 nmoles) did no longer induce facilitation but clear suppression. In those animals that had shown suppression of the aversive-like effects of bicuculline following the same 15 nmoles pretreatment, infusion of higher doses (24 nmoles) of morphine into the PAG still produced the same kind of suppression. And yet, when injected into the PAG, very high doses of morphine (50 nmoles) were found to induce, by themselves, flight behavior known as explosive motor behavior. In contrast, such high doses of morphine never induced comparable explosive motor behavior when injected into the MH. These data can be explained by the involvement of different types of receptors in the neural mechanisms subserving and controlling the generation of aversion in periventricular brain regions (PAG and MH). PMID- 3252251 TI - Apomorphine and haloperidol, but not domperidone, affect penile reflexes in rats. AB - Previous studies have shown that systemic administration of the dopamine agonist apomorphine produced a biphasic effect on erection in the freely moving rat, with lower doses facilitating, and high doses inhibiting, erection. However, those studies did not distinguish between erection per se and seminal emission. The present results demonstrate that apomorphine produces a similar biphasic effect on penile reflexes in the restrained, supine rat, while facilitating seminal emission in a monophasic fashion. Haloperidol, a centrally-acting dopamine antagonist, either blocked the effects produced by apomorphine administration, or had actions opposite to those of apomorphine. Domperidone, a dopamine antagonist that does not readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, did not antagonize apomorphine's effects, and did not affect penile responses when administered alone. These results suggest that dopamine receptors in the central nervous system regulate genital responses, and that effects on penile reflexes and seminal emission can be experimentally dissociated. PMID- 3252252 TI - Feeding elicited by cholinergic and adrenergic hypothalamic stimulation of anorectic tumor-bearing rats. AB - Injection of norepinephrine into the hypothalamus of methylcholanthrene sarcoma bearing rats elicited a normal feeding response both prior to and following the development of anorexia. Feeding elicited by cholinergic stimulation of the hypothalamus of tumor-bearing rats with carbachol was normal prior to the onset of anorexia, but decreased in magnitude as the anorexia became more severe. These data indicate that noradrenergic feeding mechanisms in the hypothalamus of tumor bearing rats are functioning normally during anorexia. However, cholinergic feeding mechanisms in the hypothalamus of tumor-bearing rats appear to be depressed to the same degree as ad lib intake, possibly through adaptation or depletion of endorphin systems that mediate stress-induced feeding. PMID- 3252253 TI - Human satietin: rapid development of tolerance and its specificity to feeding behavior in rats. AB - Semipurified human satietin (SP hSAT) significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced food intake for each of five consecutive days when injected intraperitoneally (2 mg/kg/day). Tolerance developed rapidly during the second and third days of injection but food intake of those animals receiving the highest doses of Sp hSAT (1 and 2 mg/kg/day) remained significantly below (p less than 0.05) that of the saline-injected animals. Food intake of rats receiving doses of 0.5 and 0.25 mg/kg/day Sp hSAT was below that of the saline-treated group for the first two days of injection (p less than 0.05) but not thereafter. Water intake fell in all satietin-treated groups on the first day of injection, thereafter, it was similar to the saline-treated group. In a second study Sp hSAT (1, 0.5, 0.25 mg/kg/day) was continuously infused IP by Alzet pumps. All doses of Sp hSAT significantly reduced food intake below that of the saline-treated group for the entire 7 days of infusion (p less than 0.05); water was not affected except on the first day of infusion (p greater than 0.01). In a third study, injection of purified human satietin (p hSAT) (2 mg/kg, IP) in fasted rats (24 hr) had no effect on water consumption either during fast or 24 hr postfast (p greater than 0.05). In a fourth study p hSAT was continuously heated to 37 degrees C. Aliquots were taken each day and injected (IP) into 4 naive rats (total of 24 rats) for a total of 6 days of heating (120 hr).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252254 TI - Differences in response to the aversive properties of ethanol in rats selectively bred for oral ethanol preference. AB - A conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm was used to determine whether aversion to the pharmacological effects of ethanol, apart from orosensory cues, can contribute to genetic differences in voluntary ethanol consumption. Four doses of ethanol, administered IP, were paired with the consumption of a 0.1% saccharin solution in rats from the alcohol-preferring (P) and alcohol nonpreferring (NP) lines. Repeated pairing of saccharin and ethanol in a dose of 1.0 g/kg produced stronger and more prolonged aversion to saccharin in NP rats, compared with P rats, at comparable blood ethanol levels. A low dose of ethanol (0.25 g/kg) produced transient conditioned facilitation of saccharin consumption in P rats, but not in NP rats, at comparable blood ethanol levels. The results suggest that rats of the NP line find the postingestional effects of high-dose ethanol more aversive, and low-dose ethanol less reinforcing, than do rats of the P line. Genetic differences in voluntary ethanol consumption may be due, in part, to differences in aversion to the postingestional effects of ethanol. PMID- 3252255 TI - Time allocation in a concurrent schedule of social interaction and monetary reinforcement: effects of d-amphetamine. AB - Two mutually exclusive options (socializing versus monetary reinforcement) were concurrently available to two normal volunteers during 60-min experimental sessions under controlled laboratory conditions. The amount of money available in the monetary option was adjusted for individual subjects during baseline conditions until subjects divided their time approximately evenly between a social option in which they could converse with another same-sex volunteer or a monetary option in which money was earned for sitting quietly in a private room. In both subjects studied, d-amphetamine (5-25 mg) increased the percent of time allocated to the social option and total seconds of speech. This effect occurred even though increases in the time allocated to the social option necessarily resulted in a forfeiture of monetary reinforcement. The present results provide the first empirical evidence, to our knowledge, that d-amphetamine can increase the relative reinforcing effects of social interaction. PMID- 3252256 TI - Effects of mephenytoin on schedule-controlled responding in the pigeon. AB - Acute and chronic effects of mephenytoin (30-360 mg/kg) were examined in pigeons responding under a multiple fixed-ratio 50 fixed-interval 90-sec schedule of food delivery. The highest dose administered acutely (240 mg/kg) produced substantial reductions in rate of responding under both components of the multiple schedule; the effects of other doses were small and inconsistent. With chronic exposure tolerance appeared to develop to the rate-decreasing effects of the drug. PMID- 3252257 TI - Analgesia induced by continuous versus intermittent cold water swim in the rat: differential effects of intrathecal administration of phentolamine and methysergide. AB - Continuous cold water swim produces analgesia that is partially mediated by a noradrenergic mechanism, but is independent of both serotonergic and opioid systems. On the other hand, intermittent cold water swim elicits analgesia which is partly mediated by an opioid mechanism; the contribution of the monoamines to the production of this analgesia is not known. Therefore, the present study was done to determine whether intermittent cold water swim is also mediated by noradrenergic and/or serotonergic substrates. Prior to either continuous (3.5 min) or intermittent (10 sec in, 10 sec out for 6 min) cold water (4 degrees C) swim, male Sprague-Dawley rats (225-250 g) were administered either the noradrenergic receptor blocker phentolamine (30 micrograms), the serotonergic blocker methysergide (30 micrograms) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid to the fifth lumbar vertebral spinal level via chronic intrathecal catheters. Phentolamine significantly attenuated the analgesia resulting from both continuous and intermittent cold water swim. Methysergide attenuated intermittent cold water swim analgesia, but was without effect on continuous cold water swim analgesia. Phentolamine, but not methysergide, also attenuated continuous footshock- (2.5 mA for 3 min) induced analgesia. The similarity between the effects of phentolamine and methysergide on continuous footshock and continuous cold water swim analgesia suggests that the effects of these drugs on cold water swim analgesia are not attributable to changes in thermoregulation. These results suggest that a spinal noradrenergic mechanism is involved in the mediation of both forms of cold water swim analgesia, whereas a spinal serotonergic mechanism is involved in only intermittent cold water swim analgesia. PMID- 3252258 TI - Psychopharmacological profile of 1-(m-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) piperazine (TFMPP). AB - The effect of TFMPP, an agonist of the 5-HT1b receptors, was studied in mice on several psychopharmacological parameters. In contrast to imipramine-like drugs, TFMPP neither antagonized reserpine-induced hypothermia nor increased yohimbine induced toxicity. Similarly to imipramine-like drugs, TFMPP antagonized oxotremorine-induced hypothermia and was active in the behavioural despair test. In addition, TFMPP normalized a social behavioural deficit induced by isolation. The effects of TFMPP on oxotremorine-induced hypothermia in the behavioural despair test and in the isolation-induced social behavioural deficit are all antagonized by d-1 propranolol. It is concluded that TFMPP seems to possess psychotropic activity resembling only in part that of imipramine-like drugs and that these actions may be mediated through 5-HT1b receptors. PMID- 3252259 TI - Effects of opiate agonists and antagonists on aggressive encounters and subsequent opioid-induced analgesia, activity and feeding responses in male mice. AB - The effects of peripheral administration of the mu, kappa and sigma opiate agonists, levorphanol (1.0 mg/kg), U-50,488 (1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg), (+/-) SKF 10,047 (10.0 and 30.0 mg/kg), respectively, as well as the delta opiate antagonists, ICI-154,129 (10.0 mg/kg), and the prototypic antagonist, naloxone (1.0 mg/kg), on the agonistic behaviors and subsequent analgesic, locomotory and ingestive responses of subordinate mice were examined in a "resident-intruder" paradigm. The latter behaviors were examined in both defeated and nondefeated mice that had received an equivalent level of aggression. The mu and delta opiate antagonists decreased, while the mu, kappa, and sigma opiate agonists selectively increased aggressive behavior (number of bouts of aggressive interactions, number of bites to defeat, time to defeat). Both naloxone and the delta antagonist suppressed defeat- and aggression-induced activity and feeding, while only naloxone blocked the analgesic response. Levorphanol enhanced, U-50,488 had variable dose related effects, and SKF-10,047 decreased the defeat and aggressive induced responses. These results indicate that various opioid systems and opiate receptors are differentially involved in the mediation of various components of the agonistic encounters and in the expression of the consequences of social conflict and defeat-induced opioid activation. PMID- 3252260 TI - Use of TFMPP stimulus properties as a model of 5-HT1B receptor activation. AB - Recent evidence indicates that when 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) is used as a training drug in the drug discrimination paradigm it produces a stimulus effect that is site-selective at the 5-HT1B receptor. The present study sought to employ this procedure in order to assess the similarity of novel agents to TFMPP. First, rats were trained to reliably discriminate between the stimulus properties of intraperitoneally administered 1.0 mg/kg TFMPP and its vehicle. Following the acquisition of this discrimination, administration of various doses of TFMPP produced a typical dose-response relationship with an ED50 of 0.27 mg/kg. Rats were subsequently tested with another 5-HT1B specific agonist 1-(3 chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) and a 5-HT releasing agent norfenfluramine and both produced TFMPP-like discriminative responding in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the 5-HT2 agonist 4-iodo-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) did not generalize from TFMPP. Other drugs, previously trained in other rats and shown to generalize to TFMPP, viz., ethanol, tetrahydro-beta-carboline (THBC) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) did not produce TFMPP-like responding. These results provide further evidence for the 5-HT1B receptor acting as the site for the discriminative effects of TFMPP. In addition, the transfer of discrimination between TFMPP and either ethanol, THBC or MDMA appears to be asymmetrical. Reasons for this one-way generalization are suggested. PMID- 3252261 TI - Housing conditions fail to affect the intravenous self-administration of amphetamine. AB - Rats were housed either in isolation or in groups of 4 for 6 weeks following weaning (21 days). After this housing period, some of the rats were tested for the acquisition of intravenous self-administration of amphetamine (0.004-0.25 mg/kg/infusion) and others were tested for the locomotor activating effects of amphetamine (0-1.0 mg/kg, IP). In the self-administration tests, both the isolated and grouped rats readily acquired the operant to obtain drug infusions and exhibited dose-dependent behavior. These results are in direct contrast to those we have obtained concerning the influence of the environmental manipulation on cocaine self-administration. In those tests, only isolated rats self administered cocaine. The results of the locomotor tests indicated that whereas the isolated rats were consistently more active, the dose/response curves for the effects of amphetamine on activity were parallel for the rats reared under the different housing conditions. Thus the environment has specific effects on behavior which may be a reflection of specific neurochemical effects of the manipulation. PMID- 3252262 TI - Neonatal naltrexone treatment: effects on sexual and exploratory behavior in male and female rats. AB - The effect of neonatal naltrexone treatment (100 micrograms SC from day 1 to day 10) on copulatory and exploratory behavior in male and female rats was studied. In the female, neonatal naltrexone treatment enhanced copulatory (lordosis response) and exploratory behavior. An altered response to morphine was obtained; the effect of morphine on copulatory behavior was diminished while morphine's effect on exploratory activity was potentiated. The neonatal naltrexone treatment did not cause analogous effects in copulatory or exploratory behavior in the male rat. These data suggest that opioid mechanisms involved in the female copulatory and exploratory activity are established perinatally and can be influenced by early exposure to an opioid antagonist. It is concluded that there exist sex differences in this respect, both as to the sex-typical copulatory behavior and as to exploratory activity. PMID- 3252263 TI - Observations on dopamine receptor antagonists and gastric ulceration associated with experimental anorexia cachexia. AB - Gastric ulceration is frequently reported to occur in tumour-bearing animals and man, even when such tumours are not associated with organs of digestion. That central and peripheral dopamine (DA) containing neurones may be relevant to this phenomenon, is supported by the fact that the DA receptor antagonists domperidone (0.1 and 0.05 mg/kg) and pimozide (0.1 mg/kg) were observed to prevent gastric ulceration commonly reported in rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. Daily administration of these drugs prevented the formation of ulcers similar to those observed in vehicle-treated animals. These results demonstrate that DA neurone function is important in the formation of gastric ulcers in tumour-bearing animals and suggest that such compounds may be useful in cancer management. PMID- 3252264 TI - A preliminary behavioral investigation of PMMA, the 4-methoxy analog of methamphetamine. AB - The controlled-substance analog N-monomethyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (PMMA) may be viewed as being either the 4-methoxy analog of methamphetamine or the N-methyl analog of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (PMA). Because of its abuse potential, PMMA was examined with regard to (a) its stimulus properties in rats trained to discriminate either 1.0 mg/kg of (+)amphetamine or (+/-)DOM from saline, (b) its toxicity (isolated and aggregated) in mice relative to (+/-)PMA, and (c) its locomotor stimulant activity in mice relative to (+/-)amphetamine, (+/-)methamphetamine, and (+/-)PMA. Racemic PMMA produced neither DOM-like nor, unlike PMA, amphetamine-like stimulus effects. There was no significant difference between the 24-hr isolated (LD50 = 63 mg/kg) and aggregated (LD50 = 53 mg/kg) toxicity, and PMMA did not produce significant locomotor stimulation at doses of up to 30 mg/kg. The present results suggest that while PMMA may produce central effects it does not appear to behave as a simple amphetamine-like agent. PMID- 3252265 TI - Carbon monoxide exposure from commercial brand cigarettes under controlled smoking conditions. AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure from ultralow-, low- and high-CO delivery commercial cigarettes was examined under controlled smoking conditions. Seven chronic smokers of mid- to high-CO delivery commercial cigarettes served in the experiment. CO level increases of 2.10, 5.76 and 7.38 ppm were obtained from ultralow-yield (1.6 mg CO delivery), low-yield (5.9 mg CO delivery) and high yield (14.3 mg CO delivery) cigarettes, respectively. Subjects achieved significantly higher increases in CO levels from both low- and high-yield cigarettes than from ultralow-yield cigarettes, but increased levels of CO from low- and high-yield cigarettes were not different from each other. The data suggest that degree of CO absorption by the lungs during a short period of time may limit increases in CO levels obtained from high-yield cigarettes. PMID- 3252266 TI - Long-term imipramine treatment differentially affects fenfluramine-induced suppression of food intake and locomotor activity. AB - Administration of fenfluramine to rats produced decreases in one-hour food intake and locomotor activity. Short-term (2-6 days) or long-term (21-25 days) treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine, did not affect daily food intake, body weight gain or baseline locomotor activity when compared to saline treatment. However, long-term but not short-term imipramine treatment attenuated fenfluramine-induced decreases in one-hour food intake. On the other hand, neither short-term nor long-term imipramine treatment affected fenfluramine induced decreases in locomotor activity. These findings demonstrate a differential effect of long-term imipramine treatment on fenfluramine-induced suppression of food intake and locomotor activity. PMID- 3252267 TI - Do serotoninergic drugs decrease energy intake by reducing fat or carbohydrate intake? Effect of d-fenfluramine with supplemented weight-increasing diets. AB - The capacity of serotoninergic drugs to selectively suppress carbohydrate (CHO) intake was investigated using a procedure sensitive to drug action. The drug d fenfluramine was administered chronically to rats whose weight had been increased by exposure to either a fat or CHO-supplemented hyperphagia-inducing diet. The drug exerted a more potent anorexic effect and weight-reducing action in rats given the dietary supplements than in control chow-fed rats. Tolerance to the drug was not apparent even after 40 days of treatment. However, there was no evidence for a selective inhibition of CHO intake, nor was the drug more potent with the CHO-supplemented diet. d-Fenfluramine was equally effective against the hyperphagia and weight gain induced by either fat or CHO supplements. PMID- 3252268 TI - Assessment of pimozide's motor and hedonic effects on operant behavior in rats. AB - The present study examined the effects of the neuroleptic pimozide on several measures of motor capacity and reinforcement efficacy in rats trained to respond according to a multiple random interval (RI) food reinforcement schedule (mean interreinforcement intervals of 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 sec). Pimozide (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent suppression of response rates for all five RI schedules and a dose-dependent increase in response duration. An independent measure of motor activity in photocell activity chambers also was decreased by pimozide in a dose-dependent manner. Photocell activity was significantly correlated with response duration and with the Matching Equation parameter k. Thus, all three measures of motor performance revealed similar decreases in motor capacity at the high dose of pimozide. Reinforcement efficacy also was reduced by the 1.0 mg/kg dose of pimozide as indicated by an increase in the Matching Equation parameter Re. The parameters k and Re were not significantly correlated, suggesting that these two Matching Equation parameters do provide independent measures of motor capacity and reinforcement efficacy, respectively. The present results demonstrate the importance of obtaining measures other than simple response rates in order to assess drug effects on operant behavior. PMID- 3252269 TI - Effects of mephenytoin and methsuximide on the reaction time of pigeons. AB - Although antiepilepsy drugs are used clinically, their behavioral effects are poorly understood. The present study examined the effects of mephenytoin and methsuximide, two antiepilepsy medications, on the reaction times of pigeons. Pigeons were trained to depress and hold a foot treadle until a stimulus change occurred. Releases within 2 sec of the stimulus change were reinforced with access to mixed grain; premature releases or releases occurring after the 2-sec limited hold were not reinforced. Mephenytoin (40, 60, 80, 120, and 160 mg/kg) and methsuximide (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) produced generally dose-dependent increases in median reaction times and decreases in percent responses that were reinforced. The present procedure has not previously been used with pigeons and is a promising technique for the study of reaction time with this species. PMID- 3252270 TI - Naloxone-induced modulation of feline aggression elicited from midbrain periaqueductal gray. AB - In the present study, peripheral administration of naloxone hydrochloride (IP) was employed to identify the role of endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of two forms of aggressive behavior in the cat--affective defense and quiet biting attack behavior. These forms of aggressive behavior were elicited by electrical stimulation of dorsal and ventral aspects of the midbrain periaqueductal gray, respectively, utilizing monopolar electrodes. Following the establishment of stable baseline thresholds for affective defense and quiet biting attack behavior, naloxone (0.5, 1.0, 4.0 and 7.0 mg/kg) and saline (vehicle control) were administered peripherally (IP). The response thresholds were tested 5-30, 30-60, 60-90, 180-210 and 1440-1470 min following naloxone administration. These results indicated that a dose level of 7.0 mg/kg of naloxone had a profound facilitatory effect on affective defense behavior. Response threshold values returned to prenaloxone baseline levels at 1440-1470 min postinjection. Administration of lower doses of naloxone (1.0 and 4.0 mg/kg) also resulted in a significant facilitation of this response but of shorter durations. Neither the lowest dose of naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) nor saline (vehicle control) were effective in modifying the threshold for affective defense behavior. In contrast, when tested for its effects upon quiet biting attack, the maximum dose utilized in this study (7.0 mg/kg) tended to suppress this response although the overall effect was not significant. The selective dose-dependent facilitatory effects of naloxone upon affective defense behavior in the cat suggests that the opioid peptide system plays a significant (inhibitory) role in the regulation of this response. PMID- 3252272 TI - Exponential data-analysis of passive-avoidance behavior in rats and mice. AB - Data obtained with the passive-avoidance task are usually presented as the median values of the latencies to respond. In an earlier publication we described a better way of presenting such data based on the observation that the complement of the cumulative distribution of step-through latencies can be closely fitted by a simple exponential function. Thus the "step-through rate constant" (STRC) is concise and accurate quantitative description of population behavior in this test. In this paper we present two examples of the application of this procedure. In the first, variation in the interval between training and testing in rats changes the STRCs of the different groups. In the second (based on data published by Flood et al.) administration of cycloheximide is seen to partition the experimental population of mice into two subgroups with different STRCs. PMID- 3252271 TI - Study of the hypothermia induced by methionine sulfoximine in the rat. AB - L-Methionine sulfoximine (MSO) intraperitoneally injected at subconvulsive and convulsive doses induced a rectal hypothermia in the restrained rat maintained at an ambient temperature of 23 degrees C; this hypothermia developed during the preconvulsive period, and it was not suppressed by simultaneous injection of L methionine which antagonized the behavioral effects of ammonia elevated contents in the central nervous system. The development of rectal hypothermia was faster when the injection of MSO was made into the lateral cerebral ventricle and particularly into the third ventricle. MSO-induced hypothermia seemed to be a poikilothermia-like state in the cold environment with retention of a normal regulation in the heat environment. Infusion of MSO into the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic (AH/PO) area induced a rapid rectal hyperthermia, but infused into the mammillary region MSO had no effect on rectal temperature. It is suggested that rectal hypothermia induced by MSO may be directly related to a depressive effect on glucose oxidative metabolism in cell structures, maybe astroglial cells, located in the vicinity of the ventricle or the capillary walls. PMID- 3252273 TI - Angiotensin II-induced suppression of alcohol intake and its reversal by the angiotensin antagonist Sar-1 Thr-8 angiotensin II. AB - The effects of three doses of angiotensin II (AII) on alcohol consumption using the limited access procedure were studied. Fifty and 100 micrograms/kg AII administered subcutaneously (SC) did not alter alcohol intake while 200 micrograms/kg suppressed alcohol intake. These findings confirm previous work and show that AII begins to be effective in reducing alcohol intake in the range of 200 micrograms/kg. In the second part of the study, the AII antagonist Sar-1 Thr 8 AII (500 micrograms/kg SC) was given immediately prior to the administration of either saline or 200 micrograms/kg AII. In the control group treated with saline, the antagonist had no effect of its own on intake but completely blocked the suppressive effect of the 200 micrograms/kg dose AII on alcohol consumption. These findings indicate that the reduction in alcohol intake produced by AII is mediated by events occurring at the receptor level. PMID- 3252274 TI - Multiple brain sites sensitive to feeding stimulation by opioid agonists: a cannula-mapping study. AB - Evidence suggests that brain opioid receptors of the mu, delta and kappa subtypes may be involved in the control of feeding behavior. However, limited information is available regarding the specific anatomical location of these feeding relevant opioid receptors. To address this problem, we microinjected three opioid agonists, morphine, (D-Ala2)-Met-enkephalinamide (DALA) or MR 2034, into one of 15 different brain areas and measured the subsequent feeding responses of satiated rats. Morphine (25 nmol) and DALA (6.8 nmol) both elicited strong feeding responses from the same five brain areas, namely, the paraventricular, dorsomedial and lateral hypothalamus, as well as from sites within the septum and amygdala. No other brain sites yielded significant responses to these opioid receptor agonists. In contrast to this anatomically specific pattern of effects, the opioid agonist MR 2034 (8.6 nmol) produced a feeding response which was generally smaller in magnitude and had little anatomical specificity. These findings suggest that opioid receptor systems for stimulating feeding exist in multiple discrete brain areas. Of the regions tested, specific sites within the hypothalamus, septum and amygdala are distinguished as being most sensitive to feeding stimulation by morphine and DALA. PMID- 3252275 TI - Effects of maternal stress during different gestational periods on the serotonergic system in adult rat offspring. AB - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to mild stress treatments during different gestational periods and the offspring were investigated at 60 days of age. In the first study, stress from embryonic day (ED) 11 to ED 20 produced effects similar to those reported following stress throughout pregnancy; increased numbers of 5-HT2 binding sites in cerebral cortex and a reduced intensity of the behavioral syndrome produced by injections of the 5-HT agonist 5 methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT). In the second study, stress from ED 3 to ED 14 had no significant effect on the intensity of the 5-MeODMT-elicited 5-HT syndrome while stress from ED 15 to ED 20 had a similar effect as stress throughout pregnancy. These data provide evidence that the critical period for prenatal stress-induced changes in brain 5-HT neurons is between ED 15 and birth. This suggests that the mechanism involves an interaction with developmental events occurring within this time span such as the growth of nerve axons and the formation of synaptic contacts. Our findings also provide further evidence that stress during the final trimester of pregnancy may have serious adverse effects on fetal brain development. PMID- 3252276 TI - Main effects of current and pimozide on prepared and learned self-stimulation behaviors are on performance not reward. AB - This work examined four independent variables which influence behavior of self stimulating rats: site of electrode placement (cingulate cortex versus lateral hypothalamus), type of operant response (lever press versus nose poke), current intensity (50, 100, 150 microA) and pimozide dosage (0.125, 0.250, 0.500 mg/kg). The dependent measures were: total responding, alternation between two identical manipulanda and mean duration per response. Naive rats made more nose pokes than lever presses, suggesting nose pokes are more "prepared." The cingulate cortex was insensitive to current and pimozide manipulations in contrast with hypothalamic sensitivity, tentatively suggesting a cingulate role in release of prepared behaviors, hypothalamic in plasticity of learned ones. Lever pressing, more prevalent with lateral hypothalamic stimulation, was more affected by current and pimozide manipulations than nose poking. More prepared nose pokes might thus be less susceptible to brain stimulation reward manipulations. Intensifying current produced more but shorter responses, increasing pimozide dosage produced fewer and nonsignificantly longer ones, suggesting a primary effect on motor performance not reward. Decrements in performance over nondrug days were tentatively attributed to long-lasting effects of pimozide. PMID- 3252277 TI - Haloperidol blocks the response-reinstating effects of food reward: a methodology for separating neuroleptic effects on reinforcement and motor processes. AB - To test the hypothesis that dopamine antagonist drugs attenuate the reinforcing properties of food, rats previously trained to traverse a straight runway for food reward subsequently underwent extinction sessions. After running speeds had substantially decreased, rats received a single food-rewarded trial either in the presence or absence of haloperidol (0, 0.15 or 0.30 mg/kg IP). Twenty-four hours later, animals were tested for reinstatement of the running response during a drug-free test trial. Animals that were nondrugged during the food-rewarded trial showed increases in running speed on the test trial relative to extinction baseline speeds. In contrast, animals under the influence of haloperidol during the food-rewarded trial failed to show test day increases in running speed. Additional control groups ruled out the possibility that the haloperidol results were due to either motor or state-dependent learning effects. The findings support the view that dopamine systems play a role in the neural substrates underlying food reinforcement. In addition, the study demonstrates a simple and effective methodology for separating neuroleptic effects on motor and reinforcement processes. PMID- 3252278 TI - A study of pentylenetetrazol kindling in rats and mice. AB - The effect of repeated injection of pentylenetetrazol on pentylenetetrazol seizure thresholds was determined in mice and rats. Once per week treatment of rats with pentylenetetrazol resulted in the development of a state of kindling. On the other hand, when pentylenetetrazol was administered twice per week, a phenomenon resembling tolerance was observed. In mice, it was not possible to demonstrate kindling under experimental conditions utilizing either one or two treatments with PTZ per week. PMID- 3252279 TI - Locomotor activity and stereotypy in rats following repeated apomorphine treatments at 1-, 3-, or 7-day intervals. AB - In two experiments, the effects of repeated intermittent administration of a relatively high dose of apomorphine (5 mg/kg) on locomotor activity and/or stereotypic behavior in rats was determined. In Experiment 1, male rats were given ten subcutaneous (SC) injections of apomorphine or vehicle and tested for locomotor activity and stereotypy. The first nine injection test sessions were given at 3-day intervals and the tenth injection test session was given 18 days following the ninth session. In Experiment 2, male rats were tested for locomotor activity following ten SC injections of apomorphine or vehicle with either a one- or seven-day interval between injections. Major findings were as follows: a) apomorphine produced progressively greater increases in locomotor activity with each succeeding injection (i.e., sensitization); b) sensitization to the locomotor activity stimulating effects of apomorphine developed with interinjection intervals of one, three, and seven days; c) the sensitization effect was maintained over the 18-day drug-free break; and d) the effect of apomorphine on stereotypic behavior did not significantly change with repeated injections. These findings indicate that even a single dose of apomorphine induces relatively long-lasting neurobiological changes. Moreover, these findings are consistent with the view that separate neural pathways mediate locomotor activity and stereotypy in rats. PMID- 3252280 TI - Ethanol and cocaine interactions in humans: cardiovascular consequences. AB - Intranasal cocaine (COC) and oral ethanol (ETOH) were administered to nine research volunteers during daily experimental sessions. Following the determination of baseline cardiovascular indexes, an ETOH cocktail (0, 19.4, 38.7, or 58.1 g of ETOH in lemonade) was consumed over a ten-minute period. Cocaine hydrochloride (4, 48, 96 mg) was inhaled 25 minutes after the start of ETOH drinking. Breath samples were collected 50 minutes after the start of ETOH drinking to estimate blood alcohol level (BAL). The effect of these doses, alone and in combination, on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), while resting and while performing a serial acquisition task, were determined. COC and ETOH alone significantly increased HR up to 6 bpm without affecting BP. Combining the two highest doses of COC with the highest BAL increased HR by 20 bpm. During task performance, in the absence of drug, HR was increased up to 5 bpm, and BP was unchanged. Combining the highest COC dose and BAL with task performance increased HR by 40 bpm. Small increases in BP were also observed under these conditions. These results indicate that combinations of ETOH, COC and task performance produce greater increases in HR than BP, and, in addition, this increase in HR is greater than that observed following COC, ETOH, or task performance alone. PMID- 3252281 TI - Hippocampal serotonin mediates hypoactivity in dietarily obese hamsters: a possible manifestation of aging? AB - To determine whether endogenous opiates mediate hyperactivity in food restricted hamsters and serotonergic fibers innervating the hippocampus mediate hypoactivity in obese hamsters, food restriction and high-fat diet supplementation were used to produce significant body fat changes (8 vs. 21%). The levels and pattern of spontaneous running were examined after IP saline or naloxone HCl (20 mg/kg) and following the infusion of vehicle and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine creatine sulfate (4 micrograms/2 microliters) into rostromedial septum of mature female hamsters. Septum-medial preoptic area (POA), hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cortex were dissected from the three groups as well as from two additional groups of hamsters receiving vehicle or neurotoxin. Concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine were measured in these tissues by HPLC method. Fat-fed hamsters were hypoactive relative to food-restricted hamsters. Naloxone had no significant effect on running behavior. Serotonin neurotoxin increased the running activity of fat-fed hamsters to the level displayed by control hamsters by increasing the number of runs, the total activity level, the speed of running and by decreasing the duration of pauses. Neurotoxin led to selective deletion of serotonin in the hippocampus (77%) and parietal cortex (50%). Serotonergic fibers innervating the hippocampus thus appear to mediate the hypoactivity that is induced by dietary obesity in mature hamsters. Since serotonin mediates some other manifestations of aging, and slow weight increases characterize mid-portion of hamster life span, we hypothesize that serotonergic mediation of hypoactivity is another manifestation of aging. PMID- 3252282 TI - A system for administering quantified doses of tobacco smoke to human subjects: plasma nicotine and filter pad validation. AB - A new, automated system for administering quantified doses of cigarette smoke to human subjects is described and results of two studies demonstrating the reliability and validity of the system are presented. To overcome the large variability in nicotine and tar delivery associated with previous means of controlling smoke delivery, an automated quantified smoke delivery system was constructed. The system increases the precision and reliability of the smoke and nicotine dose delivered to human subjects. The quantified smoke delivery system was found to deliver doses of nicotine with a substantially greater degree of precision than procedures typically used in previous laboratory studies of smoking behavior. PMID- 3252283 TI - Lordosis facilitation in estrogen primed rats by intrabrain injection of pregnanes. AB - Progesterone (P) and nine of its natural metabolites were bilaterally injected (5 micrograms in 0.5 microliter oil) into either the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) or the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of estrogen primed rats to assess their relative potencies for stimulating lordosis. P, 5 alpha-pregnanedione and 5 beta, 3 beta-pregnanolone elicited lordosis when injected at either VMH or MPOA. By contrast, 5 alpha, 3 beta-pregnanolone as well as 20 alpha-OH and 20 beta-OH pregnenone were much more effective in stimulating lordosis when implanted in the MPOA. Finally, 5 beta-pregnanedione and 5 beta,3 alpha-pregnanolone did not stimulate lordosis at neither VMH nor MPOA. The observation that lordosis was induced in estrogen primed rats both by pregnanes that bind to the P receptor (i.e., P; 5 alpha-pregnanedione; 20 alpha- and 20 beta-OH-pregnenone) and by pregnanes that do not (i.e., 5 alpha, 3 beta-; 5 beta,3 beta- and 5 alpha,3 alpha pregnanolone) indicates that diverse cellular mechanisms are involved in the facilitation of lordosis by pregnanes. PMID- 3252285 TI - Effect of morphine on self-stimulation in rats and its modification by chloramphenicol. AB - The effect of morphine was studied on self-stimulation (SS) behavior in rats implanted with bipolar electrodes in the posterior hypothalamus. A single dose (10 mg/kg) of morphine decreased SS responding within 10-20 min, reaching a minimum level between 20-40 min after which the responding gradually returned to normal. The SS responding then increased above the control level at 120-180 min postdrug, then slowly returned to normal, thus showing a rebound effect. The combination treatment with morphine (10 mg/kg) and chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg) on SS behavior produced an accentuation of the initial decrease in responding, which was prolonged before gradually returning to the control levels without showing any rebound effect. The data suggest that alterations in protein synthesis may underlie the suppressed excitatory effect of a high dose of morphine on SS behavior. PMID- 3252284 TI - Behavioral dependence on caffeine and phencyclidine in rhesus monkeys: interactive effects. AB - Five rhesus monkeys were trained to self-administer orally-delivered phencyclidine (PCP) and water under concurrent fixed-ratio (FR) 8 schedules. Liquid deliveries were contingent upon lip-contact responses on solenoid-operated drinking spouts, and food pellet delivery was contingent upon responses on a centrally-located lever. Food was available during three 1-hr periods each day under an FR 64 or FR 80 schedule. The liquids were available during three 6.5-hr periods after each food component. In the first experiment caffeine (4 or 8 mg) was added to each 6-g food pellet, and after responding stabilized, noncaffeinated pellets were substituted for the caffeinated pellets for eight days. There were no differences in food-, water- or PCP-maintained behavior due to caffeine concentration (4 vs. 8 mg/pellet) although the monkeys consumed twice as much caffeine at the higher concentration. Food-maintained responding was reliably reduced by 25-50 percent the first day of caffeine removal, and there was a recovery of responding characterized by intermittent cycles of low response rates over the next 7 days. Water and PCP intake were not systematically disrupted when caffeine access was terminated. In the second experiment the monkeys were tested with caffeinated (6 mg/pellet) and noncaffeinated pellets under conditions of PCP removal (water substitution) and reinstatement. Under both food conditions, when PCP access was terminated, pellet deliveries decreased by about 50 percent and gradually recovered over the 8-day water substitution phase. However, behavioral disruptions were more severe under conditions in which monkeys received caffeinated pellets, suggesting an interactive effect due to termination of PCP access and decreased caffeine intake. These results indicate that disruptions in operant baselines are sensitive indicators of the effects of discontinuing caffeine access; however, the severity and time course of behavioral disruptions due to caffeine removal are considerably less than after termination of PCP access. PMID- 3252286 TI - Withdrawal, tolerance and sensitization after a single dose of lorazepam. AB - Forty-eight hours after a single dose of lorazepam (0.25 mg/kg), there was tolerance to the lorazepam-induced reduction of locomotor activity in the holeboard; but no tolerance to the reductions in exploratory head-dipping or rearing. Mice tested undrugged at this time showed significant hyperactivity and increased rearing, indicating withdrawal responses, but no change in head dipping. In the elevated plus-maze, no tolerance could be detected to the effects of lorazepam (0.25 mg/kg) when the mice were tested 48 hr after an initial dose; in fact, there was a trend towards enhanced effects in this group. When mice were tested undrugged 24, 48 or 72 hr after a single dose of lorazepam there was an increase in the % time spent on the open arms, compared with controls, that reached significance for the 24 hr group. This indicates a sensitization to the anxiolytic effects of lorazepam, as assessed in the plus-maze. These results demonstrate long-lasting effects of even a single dose of lorazepam. PMID- 3252287 TI - Failure of the partial inverse benzodiazepine agonist Ro15-4513 to block the lethal effects of ethanol in rats. AB - The partial inverse benzodiazepine agonist Ro15-4513 has been found to antagonize some of the behavioral and physiological effects of low to moderate doses of ethanol. In the present study, pretreating rats with Ro15-4513 (1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) at doses equal to or greater than those used in prior investigations failed to block the lethal effects of intraperitoneal injections of ethanol at a dose of 5.4 g/kg. These results suggest that the lethal actions of ethanol may involve a mechanism that is not blocked by Ro15-4513, which is known to selectively antagonize ethanol-stimulated chloride uptake via the GABA-coupled chloride ion channel. PMID- 3252288 TI - Suppressed ethanol intake by CER following the sucrose-fading initiation procedure. AB - Lever responding maintained with sweetened ethanol reinforcement (3% sucrose in 10% ethanol) was initiated in food- and water-sated rats with the sucrose-fading procedure. Four tone-shock pairings, one per session, were superimposed on this behavioral baseline [conditioned emotional response (CER) paradigm]. A profound and sustained ethanol response suppression was found. Baseline levels of ethanol responding were recovered by repeating the original initiation procedure. Subsequent exposure to the CS tone alone (no shock) led to a nonsignificant reduction in ethanol responding. These results were discussed in terms of anxiolytic action of ethanol. PMID- 3252289 TI - Thigmotaxis as a test for anxiolytic activity in rats. AB - It has been suggested that "phylogenetically prepared fear reactions" may be useful behavioral assays of the effects of anxiolytic agents. In the present experiments, rats' natural proclivity to stay near the perimeters of a novel environment (i.e., thigmotaxis) was suppressed by anxiolytic agents (diazepam 1-5 mg/kg; chlordiazepoxide 1-10 mg/kg; pentobarbital 1-10 mg/kg), with a relative potency that was similar to their relative potency in the treatment of human anxiety. Furthermore, when effects on general activity were factored out using analysis of covariance, the test also showed some degree of drug-class specificity, since neither d-amphetamine, morphine, nor chlorpromazine produced this anti-thigmotaxic effect. These results support an earlier report that thigmotaxis may be a useful test for anxiolytic activity in rats. PMID- 3252290 TI - [Multinucleation of bronchial epithelial cells]. PMID- 3252291 TI - [The clinical and roentgenologic picture of pulmonary changes in systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 3252292 TI - [Changes in pulmonary function after ARDS]. PMID- 3252293 TI - [Botryomycosis of the lung]. PMID- 3252294 TI - [Cytology of bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 3252295 TI - [The effect of atropine on bronchial obstruction in asthma patients]. PMID- 3252296 TI - [The role of transbronchial lung biopsy in the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease]. PMID- 3252297 TI - [The value of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of asbestosis]. PMID- 3252298 TI - [The effect of the position of the body on the values obtained for transfer factor and the coefficient of pulmonary diffusion in healthy persons]. PMID- 3252299 TI - [The pulmonary surfactant system]. PMID- 3252300 TI - [Long-term home oxygen therapy]. PMID- 3252301 TI - [Methodologic guidelines for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of chronic (obstructive) bronchitis and emphysema]. PMID- 3252302 TI - Who are the frail elderly? PMID- 3252303 TI - The pattern of infection of the nervous system in Riyadh: a review of 121 cases. AB - Analysis of 121 consecutive cases with infection of the nervous system showed that the majority were the granulomatous infections, tuberculosis and brucellosis (53 cases (44 per cent)). Thirty-nine patients had tuberculosis and 14 had brucellosis. The clinical and microbiological pattern of infection differs from that frequently reported from Western countries. Tuberculosis lesions presented with features of intracranial space occupying lesions (14), spinal cord compression (13) and lumbosacral root compression (1 child). Ten adults and one child had tuberculous meningitis. Pyogenic meningitis present in 38 cases (31 per cent), was most common in children. The infecting organism was identified in 26 patients; Gram-positive cocci in 17, Haemophilus influenzae in four and other Gram-negative organisms in five. Eleven patients had brain abscesses, caused by bacterial infection in eight, fungal infection in two and Toxoplasma gondii in one. Nineteen patients had clinical and pathological features of viral meningitis. Fourteen patients (12 per cent) died including six children with pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 3252304 TI - Association of quantitative anticardiolipin antibody levels with fetal loss and time of loss in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The presence of anticardiolipin antibodies has been associated with the occurrence of spontaneous abortions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Retrospective analysis of the relationship between the levels of IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies in 84 patients with SLE and the prevalence of spontaneous abortions was performed. The time at which abortion occurred amongst these patients was compared with that in 26 subjects with a poor obstetric history, but without SLE. Forty-six of 84 patients had anticardiolipin antibodies and had 143 pregnancies, of which 84 (58.7 per cent) resulted in fetal loss. In contrast, amongst the 38 patients without anticardiolipin antibodies only 23 of 93 pregnancies (24.7 per cent) resulted in fetal loss. The prevalence of spontaneous abortions in the SLE patients was related to the levels of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies; IgM anticardiolipin antibodies were not associated with increased fetal loss. In SLE patients without anticardiolipin antibodies, and in the group of patients without SLE, fetal loss occurred at 14.1 +/- 7.5 (mean +/- SD) and 12.5 +/- 5.5 weeks respectively. When anticardiolipin antibodies were present fetal loss tended to occur at a later stage of pregnancy (17.4 +/- 7.1 weeks) and amongst this group 30 per cent of the pregnancy losses were in the third trimester of pregnancy. These findings demonstrate further that anticardiolipin antibodies are strongly linked to late pregnancy failure in patients with SLE. PMID- 3252305 TI - A retrospective analysis of forty-six cases of herpes simplex encephalitis seen in Glasgow between 1962 and 1985. AB - The clinical features, investigative profiles and outcome of 46 patients with biopsy or autopsy-proven herpes simplex encephalitis admitted to the Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow between 1962 and 1985 were analysed retrospectively. The protean presenting symptoms and signs included a history of a prodromal influenza-like illness (48 per cent), rapid onset of headache, clouding of consciousness and confusion (52 per cent), meningism (65 per cent), raised intracranial pressure (33 per cent), deep coma (35 per cent), mutism or aphasia (46 per cent), focal neurological signs (89 per cent), and seizures (61 per cent). When seizures occurred they were almost always focal. The electroencephalogram was the most useful diagnostic test being abnormal in all cases, the majority showing focal changes in one or other hemisphere. Of the neuroradiological procedures employed, computerized tomographic and isotope brain scanning most frequently demonstrated localizing abnormalities in one or both temporal and/or frontal lobes. Midline shift was seen in half the cases. The cerebrospinal fluid was abnormal in every case but was not diagnostic. Cerebral biopsy of one temporal lobe was performed in 40 cases and a positive diagnosis of acute necrotizing encephalitis was made in 37 of these. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from the brains of 29 of the 40 cases in which the procedure was attempted, but immunofluorescence assays for antigens to herpes simplex virus were only positive in 11 out of 25 cases. Serological assays showed a greater than four-fold rise in the anti-herpes simplex virus antibody titre in 13 out of 22 patients tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252306 TI - A longitudinal assessment of renal function during treatment with lithium. AB - Renal function was studied during lithium treatment in 28 patients on two occasions separated by a mean interval of 4.7 years. Glomerular filtration rate, assessed by creatinine clearance and serum creatinine concentrations, showed no impairment. Albumin excretion rate, a marker of glomerular permeability, showed no consistent change. In contrast, a decline in urine concentrating ability (mean 140 mOsm/kg) was found in all patients, exceeding the reduction to be expected from ageing in all but three. These results support the view that treatment with lithium long-term does not damage renal glomerular function, but that progressive impairment of the distal tubular responsiveness to arginine vasopressin is common. PMID- 3252307 TI - Respective role of haemosiderosis and desferrioxamine therapy in the risk from infection of haemodialysed patients. PMID- 3252308 TI - [Borderline cases in implantology--two case reports]. PMID- 3252309 TI - [Practical advances for prevention of failures of transfixation]. PMID- 3252312 TI - [Shaping synthetic occlusal surfaces--position determination from clinical viewpoint]. PMID- 3252311 TI - [Light curing multi-surface composite restorations in posterior teeth]. PMID- 3252310 TI - [Indirectly prepared inlay/onlay composite restoration (II)]. PMID- 3252313 TI - [Use of Reinhardt/Reinhardt classification for judging need and results of orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3252314 TI - [Effects of orthodontic treatment on an undiagnosed post-juvenile periodontitis. Case report]. PMID- 3252315 TI - [Direct observation of tooth root surfaces and tissues of gingival pockets]. PMID- 3252316 TI - [When a person becomes unconscious--What to do? Report of a new aid for emergencies]. PMID- 3252318 TI - [Oral cavity--mirror of health and disease in humans]. PMID- 3252317 TI - [Commentary on "When a person becomes unconscious--What to do?"]. PMID- 3252319 TI - [Case of metal sensitivity]. PMID- 3252320 TI - [News in AIDS research--Information for the dentist. AIDS in Africa]. PMID- 3252321 TI - [New ITI implant concept--technical aspects and methods (I)]. PMID- 3252322 TI - [Localized juvenile periodontitis. Etiology and clinical diagnosis (I)]. PMID- 3252323 TI - [Root extrusion--case report in borderline of tooth retention]. PMID- 3252324 TI - [Measured profile study of amalgam occlusal surface after various working methods]. PMID- 3252325 TI - [Value of diagnosis in facial pain]. PMID- 3252327 TI - [News in AIDS research--Information for the dentist. Animal model for AIDS]. PMID- 3252326 TI - [Corrosion behavior of cobalt based alloys for crowns and bridgework]. PMID- 3252328 TI - [Overview of new studies of fibro-osseous integrated blade implants and osseointegrated screw implants (I)]. PMID- 3252329 TI - [Cast ceramic crowns: clinical case report]. PMID- 3252330 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs]. PMID- 3252331 TI - [Clinical study of a high copper content amalgam (Duralloy)]. PMID- 3252332 TI - [Position of development in the area of dental restorative materials (II)]. PMID- 3252333 TI - [Trigeminal neuralgia and cluster headache (I)]. PMID- 3252334 TI - [Overview of new studies of fibro-osseous integrated implants and osseointegrated screw implants (II)]. PMID- 3252335 TI - [Limitations of composites in posterior teeth: additional possible uses of glass ionomer cements (I)]. PMID- 3252337 TI - [Significance of tooth contact in swallowing for development and treatment of TMJ arthropathies--case report]. PMID- 3252336 TI - [Simplified amalgam handling with the Del-Ject amalgam pistol]. PMID- 3252338 TI - [Correction of anterior crossbite in deciduous teeth with fixed inclined planes (I)]. PMID- 3252339 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs. Jaw cysts]. PMID- 3252340 TI - [Position of development in the area of dental restorative materials (III)]. PMID- 3252342 TI - [Trigeminal neuralgia and cluster headache (II)]. PMID- 3252341 TI - [Physiological periodontal problem from occlusal surface of Isosit inlay/onlay composite]. PMID- 3252343 TI - Mathematical modeling in experimental nutrition. San Diego, California, U.S.A., June 15-16, 1987. Proceedings of the second conference. PMID- 3252344 TI - Use of compartmental analysis to describe effects of dietary fat saturation and load on plasma triglyceride dynamics in the rat. AB - Model-based compartmental analysis was used to interpret data on temporal changes in plasma triglyceride (TG) response to a chronic infusion of chylomicrons (CM) in the rat. Male rats were fed purified diets which varied in fat load [L = 10% (w/w), H = 30%] and P/S ratio (P = 4.6, S = 0.2). Lymph CM isolated from donor rats which were absorbing the P or S fat were infused into recipients for 8 h on 3 consecutive days: on d 1 and 3, CM infusion rate reflected the fat content of the previous diet and on d 2, the other load; the infusion replaced dietary fat. Serial plasma samples from each period were analyzed for TG concentration; TG distribution in plasma lipoproteins and liver lipids was measured after d 3. To describe observed group average data, a compartmental model was developed using the Simulation, Analysis and Modeling computer program. Two compartments were needed in plasma (CM vs nonCM TG); each had 2 outputs: removal of TG-fatty acids by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and uptake of remnant lipoproteins by the liver. After a delay in the liver, there were 3 fates for TG-derived fatty acids: oxidation, retention, or secretion in very low density lipoproteins. Simulation of changes in the rate constant for total CM TG turnover indicated that the basal level of LPL rose rapidly and dramatically in response to TG infusion; the rise was higher for H vs L. After 3-5 h, apparent LPL activity decreased. Simulation of the rate of CM TG turnover indicated that the turnover rate rose immediately after infusion began to levels higher than the infusion rate, and then came into a slight negative balance. Although the observed data could be qualitatively described based on current understanding of TG metabolism, application of model based compartmental analysis generated testable hypotheses about quantitative aspects of the system dynamics. PMID- 3252345 TI - Application of saturation kinetics to model effects of energy restriction on protein utilization. AB - Diets were formulated to contain varying concentrations of lactalbumin (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18%), with lactalbumin increased at the expense of the carbohydrate source (Formulation 1) or with the nonprotein composition held constant (Formulation 2). Diets were fed for 21 days to male weanling rats of the Sprague Dawley strain at three levels of intake (7, 9 or 11 g/day). For each diet formulation, maximum body weight gain (Rmax) was predicted for each intake level by relating body weight gain and protein intake using the saturation kinetics model. Rmax and asymptotic standard errors at intake levels 1, 2 and 3 were 10 +/ 3, 50 +/- 16 and 80 +/- 12 g, respectively, for Formulation 1, and 12 +/- 3, 40 +/- 3 and 69 +/- 4 g, respectively, for Formulation 2. Combining diet formulations, Rmax expressed as percentages of Rmax at intake level 3 were approximately 15 and 60% at intake levels 1 and 2, respectively. Since intakes at levels 1 and 2 were approximately 64 and 82%, respectively, of that at level 3, the results of this study show that the percentage decrease in Rmax is much greater than the percentage decrease in intake. This study has demonstrated that saturation kinetics can be used to model the effects of energy restriction on protein utilization. PMID- 3252347 TI - A more direct approach to compartmental modelling. AB - By first using some simple linear curve fitting method, (such as spline fitting), on data following a compartmental model, direct application of linear regression can then be made to the system of differential equations describing this data. This allows information about the parameters governing the system to be obtained from tracer and tracee measurements. It simplifies both the process of determining which parameters are estimable from various measurements, as well as the estimation process itself. Since it does not rely on knowledge of a simple closed form of the solution it has the potential to make full use of data measured over very long time periods under nonequilibrium conditions. Essentially it allows introduction of sequential estimation methods of statistics. These results can then be used to predict future substrate concentration from known substrate production, or determine substrate production from concentration measurements. A byproduct of these methods is the ability to estimate parameters in data assumed to be a finite linear combination of exponentials or sinusoids of unknown exponents or frequencies, without use of complicated nonlinear regression methods. PMID- 3252346 TI - The effect of random measurement errors on kinetic transport parameter estimation. AB - Saturation kinetics experiments, in which uptake U of a substance across a transport barrier is measured as a function of initial concentration difference C, are used to describe transport of nutrients. Many such processes are characterized by low- and high-affinity systems in which kinetic parameters Vmax and Km differ by orders of magnitude. Transformations of equations to straight line relationships between U and C are popular methods of parameter estimation. The aims of this study are (1) to show effects of random errors in U measurement on Vmax and Km estimation in a two-affinity process under several transformations: Lineweaver-Burk (1/U vs. 1/C), Hanes (C/U vs. C), Eadie-Hofstee (U/C vs. U), and Wolff (U vs. U/C), and (2) to indicate strategies for minimizing effects of errors. Two transport properties will illustrate: an ideal process of low- (Vmax = 100, Km = 10) and high-affinity (Vmax = 1, Km = .1) systems to which random error is added, and experimental uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid by isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 3252348 TI - Population density estimation. AB - In many modeling situations, a set of values for the model parameters is regarded as characterizing an individual. The modeler may, however, be interested in estimating the distribution of parameter values in the population from which the individuals are sampled. Some applications of population estimation, a survey of approaches to the estimation problem and some current work will be discussed. The approaches discussed include the "naive pooled data approach," two stage methods, the first order method proposed by Sheiner and Beal and a nonparametric maximum likelihood procedure. General approaches employing Bayes' Theorem are also considered. PMID- 3252349 TI - [Comparison of various pharmacological and conventional methods of increasing the effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis. II. Intraperitoneal administration of sodium nitroprusside during intermittent peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3252350 TI - [Effect of cryotherapy with extremely cold air on creatine kinase activity in the blood serum]. PMID- 3252351 TI - [Value of bronchoscopic examination in the diagnosis of respiratory tract diseases. II. Bacteriological examinations. Sarcoidosis and tracheo-bronchial collapse]. PMID- 3252352 TI - [Effect of peritoneal dialysis on cytochemical characteristics of peritoneal macrophages]. PMID- 3252353 TI - [Evaluation of the nature and dynamics of hemostatic changes in myocardial infarction. III. Effect of the method of heparin administration on selected parameters of the system of hemostasis]. PMID- 3252354 TI - [Professional ethics: philosophy or consumption?]. PMID- 3252355 TI - [Cytotoxic NK cells: their role and function in the body. I. Origin of NK cells, their morphological characteristics, location, genetic control and the methods of evaluation of their activity]. PMID- 3252356 TI - [Cytotoxic NK cells: their role and function in the body. II. Surface markers of the NK cells]. PMID- 3252357 TI - [Cytotoxic NK cells: their role and function in the body. IV. The role of the NK cells in antiviral and antitumor immunity and the pathologic proliferation of the NK cells]. PMID- 3252358 TI - [Megaloblastic anemia and occupational exposure]. PMID- 3252359 TI - [Synthesis of carbon-14 labeled 1-acetoxyethyl 2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenyl)propionate (14C-FP 83)]. AB - 1-Acetoxyethyl 2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl) [14C-methyl]propionate (14C-Me-FP 83), a novel nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent for injection, was synthesized in order to investigate the metabolic fate. 14C-Me-FP 83 was obtained by the condensation of 2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl) [14C-methyl]propionic acid with 1-chloroethyl acetate. The chemical yield of 1 was 62% after purification. The specific activity was 258 kBq/mg (6.99 microCi/mg) and its radiochemical purity was 99% in thin layer chromatographic method. PMID- 3252360 TI - [Estimation of absorbed dose in 131I therapy of metastasis of thyroid cancer]. AB - The radiation absorbed dose was estimated for 131I therapy of metastatic lesions of thyroid cancer, by the quantitative gamma-camera imaging. Uptake for eleven lesions in five cases (out of four patients) was measured for two times after 131I administration. Activities were calculated from opposed images with corrections for distance and depth using empirical formulae. An activity time curve was assumed as a reminder of two exponentials and fitted to measured values. The sizes of lesions were evaluated using the multi-slice CT images. An increase of frequency of activity measurement, particularly within a few days after 131I administration is desirable, for the purpose of an improvement of accuracy of dosimetry. PMID- 3252361 TI - A study of the internal structure of gallstones based on the differences between the interactions to elements of thermal neutrons and X-rays. PMID- 3252363 TI - [Opening of the pulp chamber and access to root canals: stages]. PMID- 3252362 TI - [Dentistry for children and adolescents, prevention and treatment]. PMID- 3252364 TI - [The TMJ, that great unknown]. PMID- 3252365 TI - [Medico-legal problems in dentistry related to allergic phenomena to local anesthetics]. PMID- 3252366 TI - [The responsibility of professional organizations in postgraduate training]. PMID- 3252367 TI - [The mucosa: that great unknown]. PMID- 3252368 TI - [Augmentation of the clinical crown]. PMID- 3252369 TI - [Glass ionomers in pedodontics]. PMID- 3252371 TI - [Implants]. PMID- 3252370 TI - [Philosophy and biology of apical repair]. PMID- 3252372 TI - [Swallowing and aspiration of endodontic instruments]. PMID- 3252373 TI - [The use of endodontic pastes in surgical preparation: evaluation of residue]. PMID- 3252374 TI - [Hirsutism: a biopsychosocial problem]. PMID- 3252375 TI - [Transfusion and transplantation. Aged (senescent) red blood cells and young red blood cells (neocytes)--transfusional properties]. PMID- 3252376 TI - [Surgical treatment of breast cancer. Analysis of the results and evolution of the surgical technic]. PMID- 3252377 TI - [Preservation of swine liver during 24 hours with C2 solution and verapamil]. PMID- 3252378 TI - [Endoscopic sphincterotomy in the treatment of choledocholithiasis: are there any contraindications?]. PMID- 3252379 TI - [Value of percutaneous biliary drainage as the initial treatment in acute cholangitis]. PMID- 3252380 TI - [Colorectal carcinoma in young adults. Surgical aspects and survival]. PMID- 3252381 TI - [Functional study of different methods of reconstruction after esophageal resection]. PMID- 3252382 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 3252383 TI - [Role of prostaglandins in the early stage of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in rats]. PMID- 3252384 TI - [Early gastric cancer associated with chronic gastric ulcer]. PMID- 3252385 TI - [Discriminant analysis of risk factors of postoperative infections in gastroduodenal surgery]. PMID- 3252386 TI - [Carcinogenic genes and antitumoral genes]. PMID- 3252387 TI - [Gastric pancreatic heterotopias]. PMID- 3252388 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis. Description of a case]. PMID- 3252389 TI - [Adenocarcinoid of Vater's ampulla]. PMID- 3252391 TI - [Survival and early diagnosis/therapy in early or precocious gastric cancer: 2 endoscopic histological alternatives to choose from?]. PMID- 3252390 TI - [Tuberculous stenosis of the cecum: a clinical case]. PMID- 3252392 TI - [Cecal lipomatosis: a frequent cause of intestinal invagination in adults]. PMID- 3252393 TI - [Acute appendicitis after game ingestion]. PMID- 3252394 TI - [Epidermoid carcinoma of the gallbladder. Presentation of a new case]. PMID- 3252395 TI - [Gigantic splenomegaly as a form of clinical presentation of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3252396 TI - [Epidemiological study of dental caries. Influence of age factors in prevention of caries]. PMID- 3252397 TI - [Symptomatology of orofacial vascular pain]. PMID- 3252398 TI - [Confirmation of the clinical efficacy of a flavonoid in dentistry]. PMID- 3252399 TI - [Block anesthesia of the 3rd trigeminal branch. The "Bu-Lin-Dent" technic]. PMID- 3252400 TI - [Some aspects of the microscopic vegetative innervation of the tongue]. PMID- 3252401 TI - [Fractures of the maxilla with involvement of the orbital floor. 2. Material and methods. Discussion. Conclusions]. PMID- 3252402 TI - [Interceptive orthodontics and the general dentist]. PMID- 3252403 TI - [Marginal seal of ceramometal restorations with vestibular porcelain shoulder. Optical and electron microscopic study]. PMID- 3252404 TI - [Oral pathology in school age children]. PMID- 3252406 TI - [Therapy of bruxism. 1. General considerations and treatment plan. Reversible therapy and occlusal adjustment]. PMID- 3252405 TI - [Mandibular intraosseous neurinoma. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3252407 TI - [Relative analgesia with nitrous oxide in pedodontic practice]. PMID- 3252409 TI - [Immediate denture]. PMID- 3252408 TI - [Anxiety and fear of dental treatment. 2. Psychological management of the patient]. PMID- 3252410 TI - [Pilot study of an orodental preventive program for the school population of Madrid (Latina district)]. PMID- 3252411 TI - [Epidemiological study of dental caries in a school population in Zaragoza]. PMID- 3252412 TI - [Dental diagnosis in the child]. PMID- 3252413 TI - [Brucellosis. Presentation of a case with mandibular localization]. PMID- 3252414 TI - [Myxoma of the jaw. Apropos of a clinical case]. PMID- 3252415 TI - [Precurvature of endodontic instruments]. PMID- 3252416 TI - [Trauma in children. Clinical guide]. PMID- 3252417 TI - [Complex occlusal restorations: when should composites be used?]. PMID- 3252418 TI - [Equilibration of complete removable dentures]. PMID- 3252419 TI - [Caridex]. PMID- 3252421 TI - [Anatomy and pathology of the lower dental canal]. PMID- 3252420 TI - [AIDS. Preventive measures in the dental office and laboratory]. PMID- 3252422 TI - [Indications for wisdom tooth germectomy]. PMID- 3252423 TI - [Sealing and gutta in endodontic surgery]. PMID- 3252424 TI - [Madreporal periapical augmentation. Clinical experience in use of a madrepore filling material for loss of periapical bone]. PMID- 3252425 TI - [Sealing and silver amalgam]. PMID- 3252426 TI - [Compensation for dental injuries sustained during intubation. Procedural differences between the civil law (private clinic) and administrative law (public hospital)]. PMID- 3252427 TI - [The glass-ionomers used as restorations in deciduous teeth]. PMID- 3252428 TI - [Ambulatory surgical treatment of umbilical and epigastric hernia]. PMID- 3252430 TI - [HLA-A and HLA-B antigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement]. PMID- 3252429 TI - [Serum zinc in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 3252431 TI - [Evaluation of immune complexes detected by monoclonal rheumatoid factor and conglutinin in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3252432 TI - [Effect of antacids and H2 blockers on the high pressure zone of the esophagogastric junction in dogs]. PMID- 3252433 TI - [Partial thickness graft of the scalp]. PMID- 3252434 TI - [Evaluation of bacterial resistance at an intensive care unit: analysis of 29 antibiotics]. PMID- 3252436 TI - [Definition of educational objectives and evaluation methods in the teaching of surgical technics]. PMID- 3252435 TI - Peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations in selective IgA deficiency. PMID- 3252437 TI - [Occurrence of Clostridium difficile in the feces of children of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil]. PMID- 3252440 TI - [Viability of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia, obtained from feces and hepatic granulomas of mice experimentally infected with the BH strain]. PMID- 3252439 TI - [Snake bites caused by Bothrops moojeni: report of 37 cases]. PMID- 3252438 TI - Seizures and praziquantel. A case report. PMID- 3252441 TI - [Live births at maternity hospitals. 1. Birth weight, sex, delivery type and the mother's health insurance]. PMID- 3252442 TI - [Consumption of drugs in a region of the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil), 1985]. PMID- 3252443 TI - [Contamination by organochlorine compounds in some foodstuffs from a region of Mexico]. PMID- 3252444 TI - [Reference landmarks for studies and research on maternal mortality]. PMID- 3252445 TI - [Research on elderly populations--the importance of the methods and training of the team: a methodologic contribution]. PMID- 3252446 TI - Differentiation of periosteal cells in muscle. An experimental study using the diffusion chamber method. AB - The osteo-chondrogenic capacity of the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the periosteum has been made use of in clinical reconstructive surgery. In the present investigation we studied the osteo-chondrogenic potency of free periosteal transplants in muscle using the diffusion chamber method. A total of 42 experimental and seven control rabbits aged four to six weeks were operated on. Periosteum was obtained from the anterior aspect of the left tibial bone by stripping. The grafts were placed in Nucleopore diffusion chambers with a pore size of 0.4 micron. The chambers were implanted in the anterior tibial and paraspinal muscles of the rabbit. Osteogenesis began after the second postoperative week and increased up to the 5-6 week interval when a plateau phase was reached. Chondrogenesis, which also began after the second postoperative week, reached two plateau phases; the first observed at 4-8 weeks and the second at 12-16 weeks. Neither bone nor cartilage formation could be observed outside the chambers. In the semi-open control chambers with only one end sealed, bone formed within the chamber as early as two weeks after transplantation and grew out into the adjacent connective tissue of muscle. It is noteworthy that the periosteal transplant retained its osteochondrogenic properties even when isolated in the diffusion chamber. The young age of the donor animals might have contributed to our findings. PMID- 3252447 TI - Axonal regeneration and growth direction in square-shaped mesothelial chambers. AB - A preformed rectangular mesothelial chamber was used as an experimental model to study possible neurotrophic and chemotactic effects on outgrowing axons. The experiments were performed on rats. The proximal end of a severed sciatic nerve was introduced into one corner of the chamber. In the opposite or the diagonally opposite corner the distal end of the nerve or a nerve transplant was introduced leaving a gap of about 10 mm between the proximal and distal nerve segments. In other series a silicon tube was introduced into a distal corner and some chambers were kept closed distally. After three and six months respectively the contents of the chambers were analysed, using histological and neurophysiological techniques. In all cases there was a preferential growth of regenerating nerve fibres towards and into the distal nerve tissue regardless of the position in the chamber. With a silicon tube or no tissue at all introduced distally the regenerating axons grew only 3-5 mm. These experiments indicate that nerve tissue has a neurotrophic and chemotactic influence on outgrowing axons. PMID- 3252448 TI - Peripheral nerve regeneration in Gore-tex chambers. AB - Gore-tex chambers were used to bridge a 6 mm gap between the proximal and distal nerve stumps of a rat sciatic nerve. The wall structure of these chambers is characterized by "nodes" interconnected by smaller fibrils. Chambers with internodal distances of 5, 10 and 30 microns were used. Some 30 microns chambers were coated from the outside with Gore-tex (0.2 micron internodal distance) and others were coated from the inside. Regeneration after 12 weeks, as evidenced by muscle action potential recordings and light microscopy, was successful regardless of what type of chamber had been used. The organization of the nerve structure varied among different chamber types. A well organized coaxial nerve structure with myelinated axons was observed if inner-coated chambers were used. In chambers that were not coated or in outer-coated chambers tissue completely filled the chambers, and myelinated axons were arranged in mini-fascicles surrounded by loose connective tissue. PMID- 3252449 TI - Degeneration and regrowth of adrenergic nerves after microvascular anastomosis. A fluorescence histochemical study on end-to-end anastomoses of femoral vessels in the rat. AB - The normal femoral artery and its branches were found to be innervated with a dense network of adrenergic nerves. The nerve plexus around the vein was sparse. Adventitial stripping of the femoral vessels, with or without division and reanastomosis, caused local disappearance of catecholamine fluorescence in the stripped area. The distal adrenergic innervation remained normal if the femoral nerve was left intact. Division of the femoral nerve, alone or in combination with blood vessel division and reanastomosis, caused total disappearance of catecholamine fluorescence from the adrenergic nerves of the entire distal neurovascular tree examined. At the end of the observation period of 36 weeks from the time of division of the nerve, artery and vein with subsequent microvascular anastomosis, numerous adrenergic nerves were observed to have crossed the suture line. The vascular nerve plexus around the femoral vessels was dense in places, but in other places sparse or absent. It seems that the reinnervation occurs not only over the suture line, but also together with other regenerating nerves from the adjacent tissues and by collateral sprouting from adjacent adrenergically normally innervated areas. PMID- 3252450 TI - The anatomy and histology of the cranially based dorsal musculocutaneous flap of the rat. AB - The cranially based dorsal musculocutaneous flap of the rat is commonly used to study the effects of various pharmacological compounds of flap survival. In the present study the anatomy and histology of the flap are described. It is shown that the central vessel of the flap is a vein and that this vein can be used for injection of substances into the capillary network of the flap. The sensory innervation of the flap is studied using indirect immunohistochemical technique. PMID- 3252451 TI - Method for skin blood flow studies in the pig. AB - In this methodological paper a quantitative blood flow measuring technique in porcine skin is described. The anatomy, technical preparation and surgical technique is emphasized. Baseline recordings yielded a total blood flow of 6.6 +/ 0.9 (S.E.) cc/100 g/min and an oxygen consumption of 0.16 +/- 0.02 cc/100 g/min at a dermal temperature of 35 degrees C. Approximately 75% of the experiments were successful and unsuccessful experiments were mainly due to malignant hyperthermia in the pig or inability to cannulate the vessels. PMID- 3252452 TI - Experience with microlymphaticovenous anastomoses for congenital and acquired lymphoedema. AB - Ten unselected, consecutive patients were operated upon for lymphoedema of a limb. In order to evaluate the effect of microlymphaticovenous anastomoses no conservative treatments were used concomitantly. Seven patients had some relief of symptoms postoperatively, while six patients had a decrease in limb circumference. Three patients with primary lymphoedema had no effect of this treatment. Lymphoscintigraphy is advocated as an aid to the selection of suitable cases for microsurgery. Our future indications for microlymphaticovenous surgery for lymphoedema will be limited to patients with secondary lymphoedema with a duration of less than five years. The disease will be diagnosed by clinical examination as well as by lymphoscintigraphy. PMID- 3252453 TI - Continuous wave (CW) dye laser vs. CW argon laser treatment of port wine stain (PWS). AB - Pulsed dye laser treatment has shown specific vessel damage and thrombosis and good clinical bleaching of PWS at lower energy densities than continuous wave (CW) argon laser treatment. Based on a pilot study with CW dye laser treatment of PWS, we wanted to investigate whether CW dye laser would be more beneficial in PWS treatment than argon laser treatment. The hypothesis was tested in 20 randomized PWS patients, but no difference in treatment results was detected between the two treatment modalities. PMID- 3252454 TI - Argon laser treatment of port wine stain. AB - The authors achieved excellent results using argon laser treatment of PWS in 45% of 84 patients. Punch biopsies were taken preoperatively in all patients. Their classification according to fullness of erythrocytes of the vessels was found to be of relative value in predicting the treatment result. It is thus found to be advisable to administer a test treatment of a limited area in all patients. PMID- 3252455 TI - Pneumomediastinum associated with orbital fracture. Case report. AB - A case report of pneumomediastinum secondary to a fracture of the orbital floor without injury to the chest is presented. The clinical entity is reviewed, and its clinical and anaesthesiological implications are discussed. PMID- 3252456 TI - Congenital radioulnar synostosis. Radiological characteristics and hand function: case reports. AB - Hand function was studied in three patients with congenital radioulnar synostosis. In spite of lack of pro- and supination, the impairment of hand function was found to be minimal. Radiological characteristics of the elbow, forearm and wrist are analyzed and indications for operative intervention are discussed. PMID- 3252457 TI - Ulnar thumb in cleft-hand-type congenital deformity. Case report. AB - A twelve-year-old boy with a two-digit cleft hand was successfully treated by stabilization, rotation and activation of the floating ulnar digit. This ulnar thumb proved to be a useful tool for daily life, but an even better result might have been achieved if the treatment had been given at an earlier age. PMID- 3252458 TI - Transstyloid dorsal luxation of the lunate. Case report. AB - A case of total dorsal luxation of the lunate, combined with an avulsion of the radial styloid is recorded. Radiographs did not reveal any other signs of carpal collapse. We suggest that a concurrent hyperflexion, ulnar deviation and pronation of the wrist joint may reasonably be regarded as the etiology of this lesion, which was treated by delayed, open reduction and partial intracarpal arthrodesis. Similar cases have not been reported. PMID- 3252459 TI - What's new in peptic ulcer. PMID- 3252460 TI - Fructosamine and diabetes. PMID- 3252461 TI - Profile of peptic ulcer disease in Malaysia. PMID- 3252462 TI - Fructosamine concentrations in the serum of diabetics and healthy individuals in Singapore. PMID- 3252463 TI - Malignant thymoma--a study of 30 cases. PMID- 3252464 TI - Breathing patterns in young male adult Chinese and Indians. PMID- 3252465 TI - Postinfarction aneurysm: factors affecting surgical reparation. PMID- 3252466 TI - A profile of 25 inhalant abusers referred to Woodbridge Hospital for psychiatric assessment. PMID- 3252467 TI - Colposcopic index in assessment of cervical lesions. PMID- 3252468 TI - The measurement of stress associated with hospitalization. PMID- 3252469 TI - Endoscopic pneumatic dilatation for achalasia of the oesophagus. PMID- 3252470 TI - Sirenomelia--case reports. PMID- 3252471 TI - Treatment of severe theophylline toxicity with oral activated charcoal and haemodialysis--a case report. PMID- 3252472 TI - Unilateral breast enlargement as an unusual manifestation of cardiac failure: a case report. PMID- 3252473 TI - Cerebral radiation necrosis--a case report. PMID- 3252474 TI - Pycnodysostosis--report of a case. PMID- 3252475 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the jejunum metastatic to the palatine tonsil. PMID- 3252476 TI - The psychological impact of sexual assault: case studies of adolescent victims. PMID- 3252477 TI - Burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. PMID- 3252478 TI - [France--nurses remove themselves from the patients]. PMID- 3252479 TI - [Joint resistance against reductions for the unemployed]. PMID- 3252480 TI - [Reorganization of psychiatry renders nurses superfluous]. PMID- 3252481 TI - [Nursing. A step further with the qualitative side of stoma care]. PMID- 3252483 TI - [Peace of mind or freedom?]. PMID- 3252482 TI - [Stoma nurses--what does she do?]. PMID- 3252484 TI - [Working environment. Critical report on Fredericia Hospital as a model for others]. PMID- 3252485 TI - [A false image of health care activities in Lotz reports]. PMID- 3252486 TI - [Alternative treatment. Nurses settle with the established]. PMID- 3252487 TI - [Transplantation of fetal brains]. PMID- 3252488 TI - [Alternative treatment. Cancer can be treated with the help of thoughts. Interview by Mette Ellegaard]. PMID- 3252489 TI - [We live a sham life]. PMID- 3252490 TI - [A good part will be completed in a model proposal]. PMID- 3252491 TI - [Nurses in England and the USA discuss structure]. PMID- 3252492 TI - [Psychiatry. Fruits of a joint beginning]. PMID- 3252493 TI - [Open letter--what do we need in the ideal health care?]. PMID- 3252494 TI - [Hands on heart: I am against brain death criteria]. PMID- 3252495 TI - [Are nurses uncritical?. Interview by Grethe Kjaergaard]. PMID- 3252496 TI - [The giving of injections should be left to other professional groups]. PMID- 3252497 TI - [Sanctuary seekers. Human dignity knows no boundaries. Interview by Mette Ellegaard]. PMID- 3252499 TI - [Don't want to lose nursing hours on account of new education]. PMID- 3252498 TI - [Prehospital treatment. Nurse in danger of her life during ambulance transport]. PMID- 3252500 TI - [An AIDS Day which will be followed by many more]. PMID- 3252502 TI - [Alternative treatment. Foods as windows into a person's life. Interview by Mette Ellegaard]. PMID- 3252501 TI - [Immigrants experience fear in the health system]. PMID- 3252503 TI - [Open letter. Proposal with grim consequences]. PMID- 3252504 TI - [Sanctuary seekers. Psychological crisis among refugees in the waiting time]. PMID- 3252505 TI - [Information policy]. PMID- 3252506 TI - [Illness and suffering. There is a way of saying--and understanding it]. PMID- 3252507 TI - [Illness and suffering. Cancer has also a cultural dimension]. PMID- 3252508 TI - [Illness and suffering. Journey to another world--hospital]. PMID- 3252509 TI - [Illness and suffering. One cannot hide]. PMID- 3252511 TI - [A fistful of salt for a handful of pearls]. PMID- 3252510 TI - [Nursing should build a relationship of trust]. PMID- 3252512 TI - [Illness and suffering. Anthropology--a new dimension in nursing. Interview by Grethe Kjaergaard]. PMID- 3252513 TI - [AIDS provides nurses with challenges and possibilities]. PMID- 3252514 TI - [Self care or lack of nursing care]. PMID- 3252515 TI - [Executive Board. Increased use of resources at local negotiations]. PMID- 3252516 TI - [Self representative]. PMID- 3252517 TI - [Minister of Health wants to reinforce the small hospital]. PMID- 3252518 TI - [Illegal health care activities in the West Bank and Gaza Strip]. PMID- 3252519 TI - [Get a useful library--employ a librarian]. PMID- 3252520 TI - [Nurses in Faborg cleared analysis process]. PMID- 3252521 TI - [Breach of promise casts British nurses out in new action]. PMID- 3252522 TI - [Social contribution as psychiatric treatment. Interview by Mette Ellegaard]. PMID- 3252523 TI - [Computer nursing]. PMID- 3252524 TI - [School's target group should be students--not patients]. PMID- 3252525 TI - [Drug information. Codeine as a single agent in pain treatment]. PMID- 3252526 TI - [No time for nursing]. PMID- 3252527 TI - [Lively children in the emergency room]. PMID- 3252528 TI - [Nobody told him he was dying]. PMID- 3252529 TI - [Health profile versus illness profile]. PMID- 3252530 TI - [Freedom of speech. Nurses sued for offense against prison guards]. PMID- 3252531 TI - [PR--nurses and the media]. PMID- 3252533 TI - [How do we treat the parturient women?]. PMID- 3252532 TI - [HIV testing of hospital patients]. PMID- 3252534 TI - [Diabetes and pregnancy]. PMID- 3252536 TI - [Psychiatric education in Norway. Experiences from the Norwegian Medical Society's educational program for supervisors in psychotherapy]. PMID- 3252535 TI - [HIV testing of hospital patients]. PMID- 3252537 TI - [A new model for specialist training in Norway. Is it possible to use the eye model for other specialties?]. PMID- 3252538 TI - [Specialist training in ophthalmology. A trial with a new structure for the compulsory courses]. PMID- 3252539 TI - [Consultation analysis in hospitals. Experiences of an educational program in communication with patients]. PMID- 3252540 TI - [Obstetrical care in Norway. A questionnaire study]. PMID- 3252541 TI - [Obstetrical analgesia in Norway]. PMID- 3252542 TI - [Spinal anesthesia in cesarean section]. PMID- 3252543 TI - [Pregnancy in diabetes]. PMID- 3252544 TI - [Pregnancy in diabetes. Pregnancy outcome, perinatal morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 3252545 TI - [Gangrene of the right colon due to hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 3252546 TI - [Gallstones. Aspects on treatment at surgical departments in Norway]. PMID- 3252547 TI - [Vitamin A. Effects and therapeutic use]. PMID- 3252548 TI - [Continuous drug infusions using syringe pumps]. PMID- 3252549 TI - [Vaccination coverage and migration of families with small children]. PMID- 3252550 TI - [An action program for treatment of hypercholesterolemia--useless or useful in general practice?]. PMID- 3252551 TI - Effect of intraoperative radiotherapy on pancreatic carcinoma: histopathological findings from autopsy cases. AB - Histopathological examinations of 18 necropsy patients with pancreatic carcinoma who died after receiving intraoperative radiotherapy (IOR) revealed the following: 1) Cancer cells were suspected of remaining in the periphery of the irradiated areas. 2) Thickening of intima of small arteries, some of which were obstructed, was found in the tumor tissues. 3) Highly degenerated nerve fibers were observed within the necrotic or viable tumor tissues. These findings provide evidence of the effects of IOR, while they also demonstrate the problems encountered in improving this treatment and the necessity of a complementary therapy for complete local control of pancreatic cancer by IOR. PMID- 3252552 TI - Platelet adenine nucleotides in patients with primary glomerular disease. AB - Total platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents and amounts of ADP and ATP released from platelets by 3 micrograms/ml of collagen were studied in 20 patients with primary glomerular disease (PGD) to examine the metabolism of these platelet substances in the disease. ADP and ATP were measured by Holmsen's firefly luciferase method. The patients had significantly lower total platelet ATP compared with controls and total platelet ATP was significantly lower in nephrotic patients than in patients whose serum albumin levels were normal. Releasable platelet ADP and ATP were both significantly decreased in patients. Releasable ADP: total ADP ratio and releasable ATP: total ATP ratio were both significantly lower in patients' platelets than in normal platelets. There was no significant difference in platelet counts between patients and controls. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP and adrenaline were significantly higher in patients compared with controls. We conclude that total ATP content and the amount of ADP and ATP released by collagen are decreased in PGD patients' platelets. PMID- 3252553 TI - Differential modulation of protein kinase C by bryostatin 1 and phorbol ester. AB - Bryostatin 1, a macrocyclic lactone, activated protein kinase C purified from mouse brain in a dose-dependent fashion to the same degree as phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA). There was no significant difference in calcium and phosphatidylserine requirements for activation of protein kinase C between bryostatin 1 and PMA. We also found no significant difference in the inhibitory effect between staurosporine and H-7 known to be potent inhibitors of protein kinase C. These data suggest that bryostatin 1 and PMA activate protein kinase C in a similar way. We found, however, that negative modulation of protein kinase C with bryostatin 1 was weaker than that with PMA. The reason of this difference was unclear. It may possibly suggest that there is some difference in configuration of protein kinase C after binding between these activators. PMID- 3252554 TI - Bone metabolism following gastric surgery: microdensitometry and single-photon absorptiometry. AB - The impairment of bone metabolism was investigated in patients who underwent gastrectomy or vagotomy with drainage two or more years ago. Serum biochemical analysis, microdensitometry of the 2nd metacarpal bone, and measurements of bone mineral content of the radius (measured 1/3 distally) using single-photon absorptiometry were performed at follow-up examination. Although serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were within normal range, alkaline phosphatase levels were slightly higher for the Billroth II group than for Billroth I. Twenty-eight of 50 gastrectomy cases (56%), and four of 10 vagotomy cases (40%) showed pathologically thin bone: microdensitometric (MD) scores were greater than 3. The Billroth II group showed a far higher frequency of greater MD scores than Billroth I. The MD scores showed significant positive relationship with the age at follow-up, but did not correlate well with the length of the postoperative period. Radial bone mineral content (BMC) was lower in patients with Billroth II anastomosis, or with total or proximal gastrectomy, than in those undergoing Billroth I. These results suggest that metabolic bone disorders following gastric surgery can be detected by MD score and BMC of appendicular bones. However, there was not sufficient resolution with these parameters to detect any bone changes in patients treated with active vitamin D3. PMID- 3252555 TI - Changes in cortical thickness of the clavicle and serum bone gamma carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in the elderly in an island community in western Japan. AB - The cortical thickness of the clavicle (CTC), concentrations of bone gamma carboxyglutamic acid-containing (Gla) protein (s-BGP, osteocalcin), alkaline phosphatase (s-ALP), calcium (s-Ca) and inorganic phosphorus (s-P) in serum, and calcium/creatinine (u-Ca/Cr) and inorganic phosphorus/creatinine (u-P/Cr) ratios in urine were examined in 211 subjects aged over 40 years in Oshima Island in Nagasaki prefecture. CTC decreased and s-BGP increased with age in both sexes, especially in women. Serum BGP was significantly higher in women than in men at the ages of 50's and over. Serum ALP in women increased until the ages of 60's. Serum Ca at the ages of 50's and s-P at the ages of 60's and over were higher in women than in men. As the increase in s-BGP is reported to be coincident with active bone formation, our findings do not support the view that age-related bone loss, especially in women, primarily results from decrease in bone formation. PMID- 3252556 TI - Changes in arterial norepinephrine concentration following intravenous administration in dogs with lung edema. AB - Arterial concentrations of given norepinephrine (NE) were measured after bolus administration in dogs with normal lungs and in those with oleic acid-induced lung edema. In both groups, the peak NE concentration was given by blood samples taken 30 sec after injection and the concentration showed a decreasing tendency thereafter. NE concentrations were always greater in the lung edema group than in the control group and a longer period was needed for NE concentrations to return to the baseline level. This delay in the clearance of NE from the circulation might reflect a diminished uptake by the pulmonary endothelium. This phenomenon may be used for the diagnosis of pulmonary endothelial injury. PMID- 3252557 TI - Hypothalamo-pituitary dopaminergic system in patients with myotonic dystrophy. AB - We studied the function of hypothalamo-pituitary dopaminergic system in 15 myotonic dystrophy (MyD) patients whose growth hormone (GH) responses to insulin or arginine had been normal. We obtained the following findings: (1) basal levels of plasma GH and prolactin (PRL) were normal, although the latter levels were slightly lower than controls, (2) both GH and PRL responses to L-dopa or bromocriptine were significantly blunted compared with controls, (3) PRL response to sulpiride was also significantly low compared with controls. These results indicate that hypothalamic dopaminergic neuron and its postsynaptic dopamine receptors relating to GH secretion might be impaired. It was also suggested that the dopamine receptors of pituitary PRL cells might be impaired and the PRL reserve of pituitary cells might be decreased in some case. PMID- 3252558 TI - Leukotrienes and thromboxane B2 stimulate normal human melanocytes in vitro: possible inducers of postinflammatory pigmentation. AB - Normal human epidermal melanocytes became swollen and more dendritic with an increase in the amount of immunoreactive tyrosinase when they were cultured for 2 days with each one of leukotriene (LT) C4, LTD4 and TXB2. Their effects were stronger than that of prostaglandin E2, about which we have previously reported. From these data we suggest that arachidonate-derived chemical mediators, especially LTC4, LTD4 and TXB2 may be responsible for the induction of post inflammatory hyperpigmentation of the skin. PMID- 3252559 TI - [Forensic medical establishment of the time of occurrence of multiple trauma]. PMID- 3252561 TI - [Assessment of the reproductive function of women in forensic medical autopsy material]. PMID- 3252560 TI - [Expert assessment of postinjection complications]. PMID- 3252562 TI - [Diagnosis of a pulmonary fat embolism by a biochemical research method]. PMID- 3252563 TI - [Problems in improving forensic medical service at its current stage]. PMID- 3252564 TI - [Use of electrophoresis on acetate cellulose film in establishing the presence and species identification of dried blood with the aid of antihemoglobin sera]. PMID- 3252565 TI - [The contents from under the nails as an object of forensic medical expertise in material evidence]. PMID- 3252566 TI - [Determination of the time of formation of blood stains by the electrophoretic mobility of hemoglobin]. PMID- 3252567 TI - [Determination of glyoxalase 1 groups in liquid and dried blood by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. PMID- 3252568 TI - [The effect of therapeutic measures on qualifying the degree of the severity of bodily damage in acute nonfatal poisoning with methanol]. PMID- 3252570 TI - [Use of gel chromatography for the purification of levodopa isolated from biological material]. PMID- 3252569 TI - [The choice of the extractant for isolating nitrogen-containing organic bases from the liver]. PMID- 3252571 TI - [Forensic chemical determination of copper trichlorophenolate in biological material]. PMID- 3252572 TI - [Individual characteristics and the effect of stress exposure on the ethanol concentration in the body]. PMID- 3252573 TI - [Carbohydrate content of cadaveric blood and the liver in acute fatal poisoning with ethanol]. PMID- 3252574 TI - [Diagnosis in the conclusions (official document) of the forensic medical expert]. PMID- 3252575 TI - [The formation and formulation of a pathologico-anatomic diagnosis in the conclusions (official document) of the forensic medical expert]. PMID- 3252576 TI - [Diagnosis in forensic medical research]. PMID- 3252577 TI - [The possibility of the formation of slippage marks on the injury weapon from the action of the edge of a perforating fracture of the cranial bones]. PMID- 3252578 TI - [Fatal head and chest wounds from splinters of a board]. PMID- 3252579 TI - [Fatal poisoning with tizertsin and amitriptyline]. PMID- 3252580 TI - [The laws of formal logic in the work of the forensic medical expert]. PMID- 3252582 TI - Britain's role and responsibility for health in the tropics. PMID- 3252583 TI - Ovale malaria: a case report from Kuwait. PMID- 3252581 TI - [Establishment of the time of death and of the time of displacement of the corpse by modelling the process of temperature change on analog computers]. PMID- 3252584 TI - High and low spleen rates distinguish two populations of women living under the same malaria endemic conditions in Madang, Papua, New Guinea. AB - In a malariometric survey of 594 non-pregnant women living in 17 villages in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, village groups were identified with average spleen rates of less than 35%, 40-49% and greater than or equal to 50%, with no difference in parasite rates between groups. Most villages where a non Austronesian language was spoken had high spleen rates, but the association was not consistent. Some women were not indigenous to the study area and to control for the effects of migration on spleen rates, women were grouped according to their area of origin. This analysis, which cuts across village groups, identified 2 subpopulations, one with a high, and the other with a low spleen rate (relative risk 2.23; P less than 0.0001). Persistent splenomegaly was observed more frequently in the high spleen rate population (P less than 0.025) which also showed a significantly increased spleen size (P less than 0.01). The existence of 2 subpopulations living under the same conditions of malaria endemicity, but with different splenic responses to malaria, suggests an altered host immune response to malaria in the high spleen rate group. The absence of intermarriage between these two subpopulations indicates genetic differences distinguish them. PMID- 3252585 TI - A longitudinal study of splenomegaly in pregnancy in a malaria endemic area in Papua New Guinea. AB - 582 pregnant women living in a defined population were examined for splenomegaly when attending monthly rural antenatal clinics in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, in an area with all-year malaria transmission. 712 non-pregnant women of child-bearing age from the same population were examined as controls. In non pregnant women who later became pregnant spleen rates increased in early pregnancy. Peak spleen rates in early pregnancy occurred before 16 weeks gestation for all gravida classes. There was a decrease in spleen rate and a fall in average enlarged spleen size with increasing gestational age for women attending on a first clinic visit and before receiving chloroquine prophylaxis. It is suggested that pregnancy induces a change in splenic function early in gestation, which in primigravidae results in increased frequency of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia. In multigravidae these early gestational spleen changes did not predispose to parasitaemia, which indicated that these women had developed enhanced malaria immunity. There was a significant rise in spleen rates with rising parity in non-pregnant women with a peak rate at parity 3. This rise is considered to relate to responses induced by pregnancy in the first and second pregnancies. Weekly chloroquine prophylaxis increased the frequency of splenomegaly in pregnant women attending for 3 consecutive months, indicating that chloroquine had biological activity on the splenic immune response in vivo. PMID- 3252586 TI - Malaria prophylaxis amongst British residents of Lilongwe and Kasungu districts, Malawi. AB - Questionnaires on various aspects of malaria prophylaxis were distributed to all British residents (adults and children) of Lilongwe and Kasungu districts, Malawi, and were completed and returned by 293 (response rate 89%). Almost all residents used some measures to reduce mosquito contact, and 96% used chemoprophylaxis. Eight different chemoprophylactic regimens were used. Proguanil, alone or with chloroquine, was the most popular agent despite being associated with mouth ulcers in 25% of residents. Residents on this regimen had in general obtained their advice from a British source, and 75% considered they were adequately informed on the subject. This regimen was the most effective in preventing malaria attacks in the previous 12 months, even though over half those on proguanil alone were taking an inadequate dose. Residents on other chemoprophylactic regimens in general obtained their advice elsewhere, considered they were inadequately informed, and had a higher incidence of malaria. Whatever the regimen, 27% of adult residents would discontinue prophylaxis prematurely on return to the United Kingdom. Results suggest that more needs to be done to provide regular, precise and up-to-date information on malaria prophylaxis to British residents in malaria endemic areas. PMID- 3252587 TI - Isolation of Leishmania donovani from Phlebotomus martini in Baringo district, Kenya. AB - An 18-month sandfly survey was conducted at 4 locations in Baringo District, Rift Valley Province, Kenya. 3 collection techniques were used: aspiration, sticky paper trap, and light trap in sites selected because of their proximity to homes of visceral leishmaniasis patients diagnosed and treated within 6 months before the survey. Over 2000 female Phlebotomus martini were collected of which 6 females were found to have flagellate protozoan infections. 3 of these infections were cultured successfully and cryopreserved. 2 isolates were identified as Leishmania donovani by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The zymogram of the third isolate was different from all Old World Leishmania reference strains examined, and it is still unidentified. The finding of 2 P. martini naturally infected with L. donovani strongly supports the hypothesis that this species is a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in this area. PMID- 3252588 TI - Mouse foot-pad inoculation as an aid to the isolation of Leishmania spp. from patients. AB - Portions of splenic or subcutaneous saline aspirates from suspected visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis patients were inoculated into NNN media with an overlay of Schneider's medium or Schneider's medium alone for routine parasitological diagnosis. The remaining portions of the aspirates were used for preparing Giemsa stained smears and for subcutaneous inoculation into hind foot-pads of Balb/c mice. Saline aspirates obtained from the foot-pads 2-14 d after inoculation were inoculated into Schneider's medium and examined for promastigotes. Parasite isolation was achieved from 90% of confirmed leishmaniasis patients by either culture method alone. Mouse foot-pad aspiration demonstrated parasites in 95% of all patients, and in over 80% of the confirmed cases of leishmaniasis. Combined culturing and aspirate smear examination was more efficient than foot-pad inoculation alone for the demonstration of leishmanial infection. Foot-pad aspiration does not entail killing animals and was sensitive for parasite isolation; it may be a useful short-term adjunct to existing parasite isolation methods, especially under field conditions where the risks of culture contamination may be high. PMID- 3252589 TI - The isolation of human serum-resistant Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) species from zebra and impala in Luangwa Valley, Zambia. PMID- 3252590 TI - Plasma testosterone levels in human onchocerciasis. PMID- 3252591 TI - Common occurrence of amicrofilaraemic Loa loa filariasis within the endemic region. PMID- 3252592 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using excretory/secretory and somatic antigens as a diagnostic test for human hookworm infection. AB - Excretory/secretory (E/S) and somatic antigens prepared from third stage infective larvae of Ancylostoma duodenale were evaluated for the diagnosis of human hookworm infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Taking the mean absorbance plus 2 standard deviations (SD) of normal serum as the cut-off value, the positivity rates in 30 hookworm cases were 97% and 93% respectively. False positivity with E/S antigen was 8-20% in 61 control subjects; with somatic antigen it was slightly lower. In contrast, when the mean absorbance value plus 2 SD of control groups with other parasitic infections was taken as cut-off point, the positivity was 93% with E/S antigen and 43% with somatic antigen, indicating the superiority of E/S antigen. Percentage positivity declined after treatment of hookworm cases. No relationship was found between ELISA reactivity and severity of infection. PMID- 3252593 TI - Comparative analysis of human and porcine neurocysticercosis by computed tomography. AB - Human and porcine cases of neurocysticerosis were compared by computed tomography in regard to the morphological characteristics of the parasites and the impact of the infection on the brain. In pigs and young people many parasites were usually found, but this was seldom the case in adult humans. These parasites were small and located mainly in the parenchyma and the subarachnoid space; no calcified cysticerci were found. In contrast, in adult humans cysticerci were heterogeneous in appearance and distribution. The brain of the pigs showed no evidence of inflammatory reaction while young people had oedema, enhancement and hydrocephalus; in contrast, adults showed diverse tomographic characteristics of brain response. Thus, the disease has at least 2 different forms. It may be mild with short development and parasites of similar appearance, as occurs in young hosts. In contrast, a long lasting disease occurs in adults, with diverse tomographic, neurological and parasitological features. PMID- 3252594 TI - Human fascioliasis treated with triclabendazole (Fasinex) for the first time. PMID- 3252595 TI - Dengue-4 vaccine: neurovirulence, viraemia and immune responses in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. AB - A dengue 4 (DEN-4, strain 1036-PDK 48) vaccine attenuated by passage in primary dog kidney cells was tested using rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (M. fascicularis) monkeys to determine its safety, potency, and immunogenicity. 14 rhesus monkeys were divided into 3 groups: group 1, 2 animals given control culture fluid; group 2, 2 animals given DEN-4 parental virus; group 3, 10 animals given DEN-4 vaccine virus. 10 cynomolgus were similarly grouped, but group 3 contained 6 monkeys. No significant neurovirulence was observed with parental or with DEN-4 virus passaged in primary dog kidney (PDK) cells. Both cynomolgus monkeys inoculated with DEN-4 vaccine virus developed minimal (V-1) and mild (V 2) neurovirulence-type lesions in the central nervous system, which were nondestructive in both species. All parental and vaccine viruses produced moderate to high neutralizing antibody titres. Only parental virus produced viraemia, in 2 cynomolgus monkeys. Because of its safety and avirulence in monkeys, PDK 48 is recommended for human trial. PMID- 3252596 TI - Epidemiological study designs appropriate for investigating interactions between HIV infection and tropical diseases. AB - Infections with the human immunodeficiency virus(es) (HIV) are likely to have a profound impact on the health of those in many parts of Africa over the next several decades. If there are adverse interactions between HIV infections and the endemic tropical diseases the overall impact of the HIV epidemic will be worse than that predicted based on observations on the natural history of HIV infections in developed countries. With the exception of tuberculosis, the evidence for such interactions is presently lacking, but this may be largely due to the dearth of informative studies. In this paper we outline the kinds of epidemiological studies required to investigate such interactions and discuss some of the problems associated with the investigations. PMID- 3252597 TI - HIV-2 infection in South Africa. PMID- 3252598 TI - The 1987 yellow fever epidemic in Mali: viral and immunological diagnosis. PMID- 3252599 TI - Epidemiological aspects of leptospirosis in a slum area in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Search for leptospires and specific antibodies in rodents. AB - 101 Rattus norvegicus and 3 Mus musculus were captured in an urban slum of Rio de Janeiro city and examined for leptospiral infection. Direct examination of urine, serology (microagglutination) and culture together gave a positivity rate of 39%. Separately direct examination and serology gave positivity rates of 13% and 36% respectively. Serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae predominated in the serological tests. Leptospires were isolated from 24 of the 104 rodents (23%), but 4 cultures died. The remaining 20 were identified as members of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup, and 5 were further identified as serovar copenhageni. Human leptospiral infection, mainly caused by Icterohaemorrhagiae, is endemic in Rio de Janeiro city, and rodents are a major source of the disease. PMID- 3252600 TI - Human myiasis in Jamaica. PMID- 3252601 TI - Acute diarrhoeal disease in Nigeria: detection of enteropathogens in a rural sub Saharan population. AB - A retrospective study was carried out to obtain epidemiological data concerning the relative risk of Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni and Vibrio cholerae infection in several rural population groups. Faecal samples (rectal swab specimens) were cultured from 914 selected children with acute diarrhoeal disease and from a matched control group of 984 non-diarrhoeal children. Shigella were more frequently isolated than the other enteropathogens from both the diarrhoeal (12.7%) and control children (6.6%). S. flexneri was the predominant species; S. sonnei and V. cholerae were not detected. Salmonella was isolated from 19 diarrhoeal (2.1%) and 16 control children (1.6%). C. jejuni was obtained from 34 diarrhoeal (3.7%) and 6 control children (0.6%). Most Shigella isolates were obtained during the peak agricultural periods (March/April and August/September) and from diarrhoeal children 0-5 months and 3-5 years of age. The highest infection rates with Salmonella and C. jejuni were observed during February and August, in diarrhoeal children aged 0-5 months and 6-11 months of age respectively. Up to 6 months of age, infection rates with Shigella, Salmonella and C. jejuni were markedly higher in bottle-fed than in breast-fed infants. PMID- 3252602 TI - Melioidosis in Bangladesh: a case report. PMID- 3252604 TI - Epidemiology and tropical public health: current and future contributions with particular emphasis on the role of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. AB - This paper presents a forward look at the contribution of epidemiology to public health in developing countries and pays particular attention to the present and future role of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Three types of epidemiology are distinguished for the purposes of the paper: micro-epidemiology, desk epidemiology and macro-epidemiology. Micro-epidemiology, the application of epidemiology to particular health problems in particular settings, is illustrated through examples in both child and adult health. More emphasis on acute respiratory infections in children, maternal and neonatal health, and adult health in general is advocated. The contributions of desk epidemiology are illustrated through examples of the exploration of the effects of confounding and mis-classification. Continued attention to theoretical and methodological issues is essential if the quality and cost-effectiveness of field studies are to continue to improve. Macro-epidemiology is concerned with the absolute and relative contributions of particular causes or diseases to the overall burden of ill-health in a population. It is a young field in which important advances may be made in the 1990s. Its results are highly relevant to policy making and resource allocation in the health sector. In conclusion, the relationship between epidemiologists in developed and developing countries is briefly discussed and some recommendations are made. PMID- 3252603 TI - Discontinuation of breast-feeding during episodes of diarrhoea in rural Bangladeshi children. AB - Discontinuation of breast-feeding during an episode of childhood diarrhoea is widely regarded as a common, high-risk practice in the developing world. We studied cessation of breast-feeding in a rural Bangladeshi population under comprehensive surveillance for medically treated diarrhoeal episodes. Among 2129 episodes in children aged under 36 months and breast-fed before the onset of diarrhoea, there were only 33 (2%) in whom breast-feeding had stopped before presentation for care. Children in whom breast-feeding had stopped (cases) differed little from those in whom it had not (controls) in respect to exclusive vs partial breast-feeding, age, gender, or several maternal characteristics (maternal age, education, and recent maternal diarrhoeal illness). In contrast, cases were more likely to have presented with clinically severe illness or to have died within 30 d of presentation (odds ratio = 2.20, P less than 0.05). We conclude that discontinuation of breast-feeding during diarrhoea is an infrequent phenomenon in this population. However, the association of cessation of breast feeding with severe clinical outcomes may be of considerable importance, particularly in countries where discontinuation of breast-feeding is more common. PMID- 3252605 TI - Multiple cerebral hydatid cysts or neurocysticercosis. PMID- 3252606 TI - Copper toxicity. PMID- 3252607 TI - Denaturation of globular proteins by urea: breakdown of hydrogen or hydrophobic bonds? PMID- 3252608 TI - Presteady-state uptake of glucose by the human erythrocyte is inconsistent with the mobile carrier model. PMID- 3252609 TI - The glucose transporter reconsidered. PMID- 3252610 TI - A new look at porphyrin nomenclature. PMID- 3252611 TI - Fact, fraud and fantasy. PMID- 3252612 TI - Phylogenetic relations between unicellular organisms and the mechanism of vertebrate signal transduction. PMID- 3252613 TI - Perpetuation of an error. PMID- 3252614 TI - Association between equine leucocyte antigens (ELA) and equine sarcoid tumors in the population of Swedish halfbreds and some of their families. AB - The distribution of equine leucocyte antigens (ELA) in Swedish Halfbreds affected by sarcoid tumors was determined and compared with that of control horses of the same breed. ELA-haplotype A3W13 appeared more frequently in affected horses, resulting in a chi 2 value of 4.45 (P = 0.034) for A3 and 9.05 (P = 0.0026) for W13, respectively. The relative risk factor (RR) could be estimated to 2.13 and 3.00 for A3 and W13, respectively. The etiology fraction (EF) was calculated to 28% and 37% for A3 and W13, respectively. Thus, in the population of Swedish Halfbreds approximately 40% (at least) of the disease appeared to be associated with the genetic background of the affected horse. Family studies established that ELA are codominantly expressed and inherited as simple Mendelian traits and that sarcoids among offspring are significantly associated with one of the parental haplotypes (P = 0.00942). This parental haplotype does not always include A3W13. These results confirm and extend previous results from other breeds and strongly suggest the existence of a predisposition for sarcoids among horses, that is due to an autosomal, dominant, ELA-linked gene with incomplete penetrance. In extension, this indicates a multifactorial etiology of equine sarcoids (additional non-MHC gene(s) and/or environmental factors). PMID- 3252615 TI - Monoclonal antibodies as probes for defining cellular subsets in the bone marrow, thymus, bursa of fabricius, and spleen of the chicken. AB - Using immunohistochemistry, the distribution and characteristics of cells detected by the newly developed monoclonals HIS-CI (B lymphocytes), HIS-C7 (leucocytes), HIS-C12 (IgM), CVI-ChIgM-59.7 (IgM), CVI-ChIgG-47.3 (IgG), and CVI ChIgA-46.5 (IgA) are described in bone marrow, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen of chickens of different ages. Furthermore, quantification of cells positive with the described monoclonal antibodies was performed on cytocentrifuge preparations. The specificities of the monoclonal antibodies are discussed. PMID- 3252616 TI - Immunoblotting analysis of antibody response in swine experimentally inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. AB - Serological cross-reactivity among swine mycoplasmas, and porcine antibody response to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens during experimental infection were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the immunoblotting technique. Mycoplasmas solubilized with Tween 20 were used as antigen. Cross reactivity between M. hyopneumoniae and M. flocculare was indicated by ELISA and it was demonstrated by immunoblotting, which revealed that the predominant cross reactive antigens were components of M. hyopneumoniae with molecular weights of 74,000 (74 K) and 53 K. Further, it was indicated that 96 K, 70 K, 46 K and 38 K antigenic components of M. hyopneumoniae and 67 K, 56 K and 23 K antigens of M. flocculare were specific for the respective species. Antibodies to 96 K, 76 K, 70 K, 53 K, 46 K and 38 K antigens were detected in serum from pigs experimentally infected with M. hyopneumoniae. Of these antibodies, those against the 46 K antigen reacted early and were most consistently detected during experimental infection. Therefore, the antibodies against the 46 K antigen of M. hyopneumoniae proved to be excellent markers of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. PMID- 3252617 TI - A simple isolation procedure for functionally pure components of the bovine alternative complement pathway (ACP) C3 convertase and bovine conglutinin (K). AB - A simple multicomponent isolation procedure for bovine C3, factor B, factor D and conglutinin (K) from a single serum sample is described. The components of the alternative pathway C3 convertase were isolated in milligram quantities from 800 ml bovine serum and were found to be functionally pure with respect to each other and to factors H and I. PMID- 3252618 TI - Antibodies to immunoglobulin-G in dog sera, synovial fluids and aqueous humor: a comparative study of rheumatoid factor assays, suitable for routine application. AB - The incidence of anti-IgG antibodies (rheumatoid factors, RF) in body fluids (sera, synovial fluids and aqueous humor) selected from 62 normal and 275 diseased dogs was studied. Fluids were assayed by canine versions of standard agglutinating and/or precipitating RF assays with routine application in human practice. The number of RF detected by dog IgG-coated particles was substantially higher by latex fixation test (LFT) than by modified Rose-Waaler (RW) test (61/144 vs. 14/144). This did not result from false positives by LFT since latex activity was completely inhibited by aggregated dog IgG. Some evidence is presented indicating that results obtained by standard RW in particular, but also those obtained by standard LFT, might be improved by modifying testing conditions currently used. Body fluids were further studied for the presence of precipitins to aggregated dog IgG in 0.6% agarose (gel precipitation test (GPT]. The frequency of RF was higher by GPT than by LFT, both in normal control fluids (for sera 26/52 vs. 19/52) and patient material (for sera 135/197 vs. 95/197). Thus, the canine RF appear to be a serum component with an unexpectedly high frequency in both normal and diseased dogs, but grossly underestimated by the recommended routine RF assays based on agglutination. The GPT, which combines a superior detection rate of theoretically also agglutinating RF with an inability to detect RF quantitatively, seems an ideal RF 'indicator' test to dictate improvements to the quantitative LFT/RW assays so as to facilitate RF detection at clinically relevant concentrations. Thus optimized, RW/LFT would provide the optimal detection apparatus for the ultimate isolation of the relevant 'RF' repertoire present, for comparative studies aimed ultimately at unraveling the etiopathogenesis of the 'real' RF. PMID- 3252619 TI - Differentiation antigens on bovine mononuclear phagocytes identified by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Five monoclonal antibodies (MAb) produced against cell surface antigens on bovine mononuclear phagocytes (MPh) were characterized. None of the MAb recognized erythrocytes, thrombocytes, B lymphocytes or resting or activated T lymphocytes. Two MAb (IL-A22 and IL-A24) reacted with the majority of monocytes and granulocytes in peripheral blood, with 20-40% bone marrow cells comprising myelo monocytic cells, and with a proportion of mature macrophages. Reactivity of the remaining three MAb was restricted to MPh: one of these (IL-A25) was apparently specific for pulmonary macrophages, whereas the molecules recognized by the other two (IL-A23 and CH16A) were expressed on subpopulations of blood monocytes and tissue macrophages. None of the MAb inhibited adherence of MPh to plasma-coated gelating surfaces or Fc-mediated rosette formation. One of the MAb, IL-A24, which reacts with MPh and granulocytes, inhibited antigen-specific proliferative response or peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBM) to the soluble antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) but did not inhibit responses to concanavalin A or allogeneic leukocytes. This MAb was shown to react with two polypeptides of approximately 75 kD and 110 kD on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes. PMID- 3252621 TI - Quantification of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G subisotypes in the bovine--a commentary. PMID- 3252620 TI - Chemotactic activity of chicken blood mononuclear leukocytes from 15I5-B-congenic lines to bacterially-derived chemoattractants. AB - The chemotactic activity of chicken blood mononuclear leukocytes was examined in partially-developed 15I5-B-congenic chicken lines using Enterobacter cloacae culture supernatant and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylanine (f-met-leu-phe) (10( 5)M). Cells from seven different coded B-congenic lines were used to study each chemoattractant in vitro. Mononuclear cells from lines .15I-B5,.C-B12 and the background line 15I5 (B15) exhibited a significantly greater directed migration to bacterial supernatant than did cells from four lines carrying the B2, B2, B13, and B19 haplotypes, respectively. Similarly response to f-met-leu-phe was greatest in lines .15I-B5,.C-B12 and .N-B21, with the same four lines exhibiting a significantly lower response. Since f-met-leu-phe was originally isolated from bacteria, the results indicate that these lines possess differential chemotactic responses to certain bacterially-derived chemoattractants. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) differences between the lines may serve as a genetic basis for the differential responses. Extrapolation of these results to other chemotactic-receptor systems would require further examination. PMID- 3252622 TI - [Progress in allergology and dermatology. 14-18 September 1988, Davos. Proceedings]. PMID- 3252623 TI - [Climate therapy and change in cellular immunity]. AB - The cell-mediated immunity was investigated by delayed hypersensitivity reactions on recall antigens (tetanus, diphtheria, streptococci, tuberkulin, candida, trichophyton, proteus/Multitest-Merieux) in 56 patients with atopic dermatitis (34 females, 22 males) under mountain-climatic therapy (Davos, 5118 ft). The testscore of 7.9 mm (females 8.2/males 7.5) was lowered in comparison to the normals within the literature (females 15.4/males 21.0). Anergy was found in 8.8% in females (normal 4%) and in 9.1% in males (0.4%). After treatment the score raised up to 9.9 mm (25.3%, p less than 0.005), more obvious in males (29.3%/9.7 mm) than in females (22.0%/10.0 mm). The mean number of positive skin-reactions raised from 2.0 to 2.6 (p less than 0.001). These data let assume an influence of mountain-climatic therapy on the cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 3252624 TI - [Training and conditioning in atopic patients following high altitude climate therapy]. AB - The subjective and objective values have changed after a four weeks treatment in high mountain areas under cool climatic conditions. "Terrainkuren" (mountain walking under guidance of a therapist) under cool climatic- and body temperature conditions show besides training results (in sport medicine) also favourable thermoregulatory adaptations. Improvements of the endurance training can be objectivated by means of the reduced heart frequency and the decrease in lactit acid under standardized physical exercises. The simultaneous changes of thermoregulation can be looked upon as part of the reaction of the whole body (also called inurement). Both, the improvement of the training condition and the thermoregulatory change seem to support each other. Thus patients can train more effectively under the same standardized physical training, but cooler conditions. The decrease of comfort temperature of patients is due to the thermoregulatory adaptation. There is a considerable decrease in the sensibility to cold. The training in high mountain areas causes an improvement in the well being and behaviour of the atopic patients which can still be manifested three months after the therapy. PMID- 3252625 TI - [New in vitro procedures in allergy diagnosis]. AB - The diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergies is mainly based on anamnesis, skin test and antigen challenge. In some situations however, described in the text, skin test keeps in the background and serological antibody-identification becomes more and more important. This development is clearly illustrated by the example of patients suffering from neurodermatitis: since the introduction of appropriate screening-methods atopic organ manifestations of the patients are noticed significantly more often than before. All laboratory for the serological diagnoses of allergies, including completely new methods, are described and checked up for useful criteria of interpretation. For this purpose the statistical data of more than 20,000 persons, suffering from atopy were reviewed. Finally, both the variations of the IgE-level, including possible consequences, and the increased occurrence of cross-sensitivities between inhalational and ingestive antigens are discussed. PMID- 3252626 TI - Standardization of allergen extracts. AB - In order to increase the precision of diagnosis and the safety of specific immunotherapy, standardization of allergenic extracts has increasingly been required. Because allergenic extracts are complex mixtures of potential allergenic components, it is appropriate to express the composition and potency relative to a standard. Several such standard reference extracts have now been established by international working groups (statued as subcommittees under IUIS and WHO) and are available from central control authorities. The international standards (IS) are available freeze-dried in ampoules and are meant as calibrators (not prototypes) for use in research, production and quality control. The potency of each ampoule is defined the arbitrary assignment of 100,000 IU, whatever potency determination method is used. In individual laboratories the internal reference should be assigned a potency relative to the IS by each of the commonly used methods. This should enable the collaboration of researchers, manufacturers, and control authorities and improve safety in practical immunotherapy. PMID- 3252627 TI - [Hyposensitization with cross-reacting pollen allergens]. AB - Grass-pollen are one of the most common allergens in pollinosis. Rye-pollen are the most important allergens among cereals-pollen in Germany. Between pollen allergens, the phenomenon of cross-sensitivity is well-known. In the RAST und RAST-Inhibitionstest the cross-sensitivity between grass-pollen and rye-pollen is well documentated. In the clinic the test and challenge with some grass-pollen ist suitable for the diagnosis and planing of therapy. Therefore, it seems, that therapy with grass-pollen should produce the same results as a treatment with grass- and rye-pollen. We treated 35 patients allergic with poaceae-pollen for 3 years in two different ways: One group we treated only with grass-pollen, the other group we treated with grass- and rye-pollen. Under the therapy we controlled the specific IgE and IgG, the nasal challenge-test and the subjective symptoms by diaries and questionnaires. The specific IgE for phleum pratense and rye-pollen decreased, the specific IgG increased in both groups. There were no differences between the two therapy-groups. In the clinical data-subjective and nasal challenge-the therapeutic effect seemed to be better in the group treated with grass- and rye-pollen. PMID- 3252629 TI - [Aerogenic contact dermatitis]. AB - Airborne contact dermatitis is caused by hypersensitivity of the delayed type (cell-mediated allergy). This contact allergy is brought about by airborne plant particles, which affect the unclothed skin, especially outdoors. In 2 patients, we found strong reaction to different plants of the compositae family, their mutual allergens being sesquiterpene lactones. PMID- 3252628 TI - [Diagnosis and hyposensitization treatment of patients with house dust mite allergies in high mountain areas]. AB - The fact that house dust mite can't exist in the high mountains above an altitude of 1500 m permits diagnostics bearing only low risks (to prove actual hyposensitivity with the help of provocation tests) and also low risk therapy (hyposensitization therapy). Allergenic extracts of freeze-dried mites (Pharmalgen) have the advantage of being immediately and for different patients available. PMID- 3252630 TI - [Psychological aspects of nutrition in patients with neurodermatitis]. AB - For patients with neurodermatitis nutrition gains an increasing importance as part of therapy. To evaluate the psychological meaning of nutrition, 150 patients were given a questionnaire. 124 of them answered. 75% believe a diet to be indispensible or important. On the other hand, 17-37% never have been on diet and only 6-7% dieted with the only purpose to better their skin symptoms. This discrepancy coincides with the fact that these patients feel not sufficiently informed. This leads to the hypothesis that the wish for a diet is often based on unfullfillable hopes. Therefore the next step after allergological diagnostics is the information of the patient which should also become an integrative part of further therapy. PMID- 3252631 TI - [Graduated indication system for IK-implants]. PMID- 3252632 TI - [Investigations on effectiveness of a soft laser]. PMID- 3252633 TI - [Allergy problems of wearing gloves]. PMID- 3252634 TI - [Oral hygiene in regard to oral hygiene programs. 2. Results]. PMID- 3252635 TI - [Application of a divided operation plate for the transplantation of maxillary canines]. PMID- 3252636 TI - [Cone-tube-pin-attachment--an active coupling element with adjustable bonding force]. PMID- 3252637 TI - [Full ceramic bridges]. PMID- 3252638 TI - [Bonding forces of ceramic facets in non-precious alloys]. PMID- 3252639 TI - [Glass ceramics--a new material for restorative dentistry]. PMID- 3252640 TI - [Conservative treatment of an extensor tendon by a Stack splint]. PMID- 3252641 TI - [Interventional radiology in neurosurgery--on the use of endovascular balloon occlusion]. AB - A report is given on our experience gained in the introduction of the method of detachable microballoon catheters in the sense of the intervention neuroradiological operative technique. Twenty patients with arteriovenous angiomas, bag-like aneurysms, a carotid Sinus vernosus fistula and intracranial tumours rich in blood vessels were treated according to this method. Adjoining procedures such as embolisation are discussed. PMID- 3252642 TI - [Tumor-induced medullary compression--experiences with 570 patients]. AB - On the basis of patients treated at the Clinic for Neurosurgery in Leipzig in the period from 1952 to 1986 with a total of 570 suffering from spinal tumours, the nature of non-traumatic medullary compression is discussed, taking into consideration the relative frequency of the individual kinds of tumours as well as the distribution and the level of the location. The clinical aspects of medullary compression is elaborated, the differential-diagnostic of the demarkation possibilities between intra- and extramedullary tumour sites are discussed. In a retrospective consideration it must be stated that only 25 per cent of all patients with spinal tumours are operated on in an early stage (I and II) and only 60 per cent in the stage of incomplete transverse lesion of the with paraplegia (III). The remaining 15 per cent only get in the hands of the neurosurgeon in the stage of complete transverse lesion of the cord (IV). From this results the stringent conclusion to concentrate all efforts on the improvement of the early diagnosis. PMID- 3252643 TI - [Spinal gliomas including ependymomas]. AB - Within a period of 35 years a total of 570 spinal tumours included 77 intramedullary gliomas (44 astrocytomas and 33 ependymomas including those located in the conuscada region). Initial symptoms, neurological findings at the time of the admittance to the clinic as well as results of the operation are presented. The importance of an early diagnosis is pointed out. PMID- 3252644 TI - [Pathophysiologic aspects of conservative therapy of post-traumatic cerebrovascular disorders of the microcirculation]. AB - In order to avoid or diminish secondary cerebral damage in the treatment of the craniocerebral trauma the removal of disturbances of the microcirculation is of decisive importance to the course of the disease and the prognosis. The microcirculation is essentially determined by rheological factors such as haematocrit, plasma viscosity, aggregation and fluidity of erythrocytes. Rheological aspects should be included to a greater extent than has been done until now in the basic therapy of traumatic cerebral blood supply disturbances. If this is not done, an important therapeutic reserve is not made use of. In our opinion isovolaemic haemodilution is a practical method. The application of cerebroselective calcium antagonists appears to be reasonable as well. PMID- 3252645 TI - [Chronic subdural hematoma. A comparison of bore hole trepanation and craniotomy]. AB - Within the period from 1981 to 1986 a total of 65 patients with 74 (9 bilateral) chronic subdural haematomas (CSH) were operated on. First symptoms, preceding diseases, accompanying factors and neurological findings were listed and evaluated retrospectively. Preoperative CT criteria and postoperative CT controls of the course were put in relation to the clinical development of the findings obtained with different surgical techniques. The comparison of borehole trepanation (37 haematomas) and large craniotomy (37 heamatomas) shows advantages with respect to the retrogression of the haematomas (CT), the postoperative clinical course and the complications in favour of the patients subjected to borehole trepanation. PMID- 3252646 TI - [Surgical management of frontobasal defects by a transcranial subfrontal approach]. AB - On hand of 43 patients who underwent surgical closure of the rhino-frontobasis because of lesions in this localization (38 frontobasal fractures, 2 encephaloceles, 3 defects after surgery of olfactorius-meningeomas) our experiences as well as indications and techniques of the transcranial-subfrontal approach are reported. As there was quite a high number of patients in this group (n = 23, 53%) who - retrospectively - suffered of at least one severe meningitis, the authors stress their opinion that the indication for surgical procedure should be affirmed as consistently as possible, especially in cases were primary rhino-liquorrheas have stopped and bony defects have not been verified in predelective localizations. PMID- 3252647 TI - [Effect of the position and size of the postoperative brain defect on psychological outcome]. AB - Ascribing the origin of neurological and neuropsychological syndromes to certain cerebral areas is a well-known knowledge that has also been introduced in clinical practice. In spite of general acknowledgement of a multifactorial manner of the development of these psychic phenomena there are, however, with regard to the effects of the location and the size of the cerebral parenchymal defects, some diverging opinions with regard to these psychopathological phenomena. On the basis of clinical neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological examinations of 204 patients after extirpation of a cerebral tumour, the effects of the volume of the defects and its location as well as the cortical and subcortical atrophy on the psychic properties of performance and affective-emotional ranges were ascertained. PMID- 3252648 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of ventral sacral meningoceles]. AB - On the basis of the example of two observations symptomatology and therapy of the ventral sacral meningocele are discussed. Besides the clinical diagnosis, the combination of myelography and computer tomography show the greatest informative value. The therapy should be a surgical one with the aim of the extirpation or elimination of the cellular bag. PMID- 3252649 TI - [Occupational and social integration of patients following cerebral cortex tumor operations]. AB - The aim of the surgeon to achieve complete health and well-being with full professional fitness cannot be reached in many cases or only partially. Since the postoperative psychophysical capacity of compensation and maximum stress is expressed in the form of the psychosocial integration in the professional and family life, we have tried to explain on the basis of 204 ketamnestically observed surgically treated patients wheter and in which way these sociological spheres are disturbed and what parameters disturb the invalidation behaviour. After clearing up these factors it was our concern to again point out the necessity of a complete rehabilitation under consideration of a multifactorial genesis of these psychic disturbances. PMID- 3252650 TI - [Indications and results of sensory rhizotomy in cicatricial lumbar radiculitis syndromes]. AB - 12 out of 2076 patients (0.6%) with lumbar disc surgery from 1980 to 1986 were selected for dorsal rhizotomy because of persisting complaints. Almost all of these patients had several lumbar operations before undergoing rhizotomy. The long-term results are very poor. Only 15.4% of all patients showed pain relief, 70% did not return to their employment. Complications occurred in 23%. Patient selection modalities for operation and pathophysiologic causes explaining the bad results are discussed. PMID- 3252651 TI - [Metastases of the spinal canal--clinical aspects and surgical results]. AB - 48 patients (31 men, 17 women) were operated on because of a metastic tumour of the spinal canal. The average age at the time of operation being 53 years. After a mean duration of the disease of 6 months 43 patients were operated on with severe transverse lesions. A primary carcinoma was known in 11 patients. After the operation an improvement was observed in 17 patients. The mortality in a period of 2 weeks after the operation was 21%, and after 8 weeks 42%. PMID- 3252652 TI - Selenium concentrations in serum of patients with cerebral and extracerebral tumors. AB - The concentrations of serum selenium were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 139 patients with tumors in cranium cavity. The data from patients were compared with those from a reference group of 294 healthy adult individuals. The serum concentrations of selenium is significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) in patients with malignant tumors. The authors discuss the possibilities for treatment of malignant tumours of central nervous system with selenium. PMID- 3252653 TI - Indications for endarterectomy and STA-MCA shunts in the brain atherosclerosis. AB - Altogether 169 operations of patients with occlusion or stenosis of the brain arteries and brain magistral arteries are reviewed. In 151 patients the cause of disease was atherosclerosis. No one of the patients has died. According to the thorough investigation consisting of panangiography, dynamic scintigraphy, sonography, ophthalmodynamometry, CT and other clinical investigations, either extra-intra-cranial shunts (STA MCA), or endarterectomies were carried out. The indications for these operations were elaborated with regards to the cause of tandem changes in arteries or to bilateral atherosclerotic changes of the brain arteries. Out of the total 169 operations, 30 endarterectomies were performed. Only two post-surgical complications have appeared, one of them post STA MCA operation and the other after endarterectomy. PMID- 3252654 TI - HLA sharing in Italian recurrent abortion couples. AB - We performed HLA typing in 96 couples affected by recurrent abortion "sine causa". We matched these patients with 124 fertile couples and 204 individuals random paired. No significant difference in HLA sharing was demonstrated in the three study groups. The statistical analysis denoted significant differences in regard to HLA A3, A24, B12, and DR- comparing patients and normal members of fertile couples. The frequencies of HLA Cw5, Cw6 and DR2 were different in patients when compared with their partners. PMID- 3252656 TI - Prediction and detection of ovulation relationship between woman's observations of cervical mucus changes, thermic and echographic parameters of ovulation. AB - Every woman can perceive and interpret her fertility signs such as cyclic changes of cervical mucus, sensation of wetness and lubrification of the vulva and thermal shift. 18 cycles were studied in 6 volunteers but one cycle was eliminated because ovulation did not occur. Each of the 6 women perceived the day in which cervical mucus was more abundant, clear, lubrificative and elastic and noted the "Peak" mucus day. These two data were correlated with the thermic nadir day and the day or the period of echographic ovulation showing an accurate relationship with ovulation. PMID- 3252655 TI - Increased thrombin generation in normal pregnancy. AB - The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate whether an increased thrombin generation takes place in normal pregnancy by determining fibronopeptide A plasma concentration in 24 women at three stages of gestation. The activity of the main blood clotting inhibitors, antithrombin III and protein C., and platelet agregability were also investigated. Our study showed a significant rise of fibrinopeptide A plasma levels already manifest at the first trimester. Antithrombin III activity was found to slightly but significantly decrease during pregnancy, whereas protein C levels showed a moderate, significant increase. A slight platelet activation was observed in the second and third trimester. These findings indicate that during pregnancy a new equilibrium of blood clotting system arises, shifted to a hypercoagulable state which leads to the increased risk of thromboembolism observed in pregnancy. PMID- 3252658 TI - Lyme Borrelia positive serology associated with spontaneous abortion in an endemic Italian area. AB - Lyme borreliosis acquired during pregnancy may be associated with stillbirth and fetal malformations. This paper reports preliminary results of a study intended to evaluate the frequency of Borrelia burgdorferi infection associated with spontaneous abortion in an endemic Italian area. PMID- 3252657 TI - Reproductive impairment of women with unicornuate uterus. AB - The reproductive history of 18 women with a diagnosis of unicornuate uterus is reported. The study was conducted with retrospective analysis, and 7 patients with primary infertility were followed up for 1 to 6 years. Four patients had a cavitary noncommunicating horn, 12 a noncavitary rudimentary horn, and 2 no rudimentary horn. The cause of diagnosis was: primary infertility in 7 cases (39%), recurrent abortion in 6 (33%), obstetric complications in 5 (28%). Out of 7 patients that presented with primary infertility in 5 cases an associated reason was present. Twelve women had a total of 38 pregnancies, 21 (55%) ended in abortion, 3 in premature labour, 14 in term births, with a live birth rate of 39%. Of the 17 births 9 (53%) were in breech and 1 (1.6%), in transverse presentations and 11 (65%) were cesarean sections. Cervical cerclage, based on clinical or radiological indications, has been performed in 4 out 6 cases with recurrent abortion with improvement of reproductive performance in 3. Fetal survival rate passed from 0 to 83%. Reproductive impairment seems to depend equally on the difficulty in conceiving and on the reduced ability to carry a pregnancy to term. PMID- 3252659 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the principal cells of epididymis of adult rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) after castration and androgen replacement therapy. AB - The epididymal epithelium from adult castrated and androgen supplemented, castrated rhesus monkeys was examined with transmission electron microscope. Ninety days after bilateral castration the tubular diameter of all the regions of the epididymis, viz. the initial segment, caput, corpus and cauda portions of epididymis was reduced and was accompanied by a drop in cell size. There was a marked decrease in the number and size of microvilli on the luminal surface. The invaginations of apical membrane into the cell cytoplasm became less prominent. There was a reduction in the amount of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex. Mitochondria accumulated in the apical cytoplasm. Several vacuoles often associated with lipofuscin pigment granules were common in the cytoplasm. These findings suggest a reduction in both the absorptive and secretory functions of the principal cells. Following androgen replacement therapy for 30 days in monkeys that were castrated 60 days earlier there was a recovery of structural features in the epithelium to near normal state. PMID- 3252660 TI - [Human recombinant alfa-2 interferon in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia]. PMID- 3252662 TI - [Formation of mixed granulocyte-erythroblast colonies in vivo in diffusion chamber culture]. PMID- 3252661 TI - [Clinical evaluation of patients with Hodgkin's disease treated at the Institute of Hematology 1974-1983]. PMID- 3252663 TI - [Study of social problems of hemophilia based on the data from the Pediatric Orthopedic Clinic in Lublin]. PMID- 3252664 TI - [A case of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn with a severe and atypical course]. PMID- 3252665 TI - [Endogenous carbon monoxide in hemolytic disease of the newborn]. PMID- 3252666 TI - [Septicemia as a complication of fetal erythroblastosis in newborn infants]. PMID- 3252667 TI - [Studies on the angulus]. PMID- 3252668 TI - [Studies on the improvement and resultant diagnostic efficiency of barium meal method in routine X-ray examination of the small intestine--with special description on the transit time of barium meal at the ileocecum, photographing position and blind spot]. PMID- 3252669 TI - [The defect of articular cartilage an experimental study in rabbits]. PMID- 3252670 TI - [On diagnostic ability of routine X-ray examination to pick up undifferentiated type IIc early gastric cancers and advanced cancers analogous to type IIc in the body and upper part of the stomach--with special references to the early detection of linitis plastica type gastric cancers]. PMID- 3252671 TI - [Basic study on diagnosis of concave early gastric cancer in body of the stomach- particularly on macroscopically elusive gastric cancer]. PMID- 3252672 TI - [Radiological study on early gastric cancer in the cardia]. PMID- 3252673 TI - [Clinical studies of patients with chronic renal failure receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 3252674 TI - Amelioration by antihypertensive therapy in Dahl-salt sensitive rats with immune complex nephritis and hypertension. PMID- 3252675 TI - T3-thyrotoxicosis in a schizophrenic patient--comment on triiodothyronine to mental function. PMID- 3252676 TI - [Roentgenographic study on experimental ischemic enteritis--especially on the genesis of deformities and time-course of changes]. PMID- 3252677 TI - [Long-term follow-up studies on the chronic pancreatitis--with special reference to the changes of ERP findings]. PMID- 3252678 TI - [Evaluation of the endoscopic gastric mucosal resection]. PMID- 3252679 TI - [A clinico-pathological study on a long-term outcome of IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 3252681 TI - [Endoscopic studies of the upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients with chronic renal failure during hemodialysis]. PMID- 3252680 TI - [Clinico-pathological study on the nephrotic patients in the elderly]. PMID- 3252682 TI - Visual hallucination without the disturbance of consciousness in hypoglycaemic attack: report of an unusual case--consideration on psychic symptoms related to hypoglycaemia. PMID- 3252683 TI - [Roentgenographic and macroscopic study on experimental ischemic enterocolitis- especially on time-course of its change]. PMID- 3252684 TI - [Two autopsy cases with a kitchen knife protruding from the victim's body]. PMID- 3252685 TI - Fluctuations of succinic dehydrogenase during morphine tolerance, dependence and withdrawals in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata of mice. AB - Changes in succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), during morphine dependence development, normal and antagonists (naloxone and naltrexone) precipitated withdrawals, have been analysed in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata of mice. The study reveals the following highlights. 1. There is a progressive inhibition of SDH upto six days of morphine treatment. However, the physically dependent animals demonstrate a significant recovery of the enzyme suggesting that steady-state level of the enzyme is achieved. 2. Antagonists application to morphine treated animals significantly reverted the enzyme, but the control level is achieved only with naloxone in single dose treated animals. 3. The abstinence of drug for two days not only recovered but also significantly raised the enzyme level both in spinal cord and in medulla oblongata. The antagonists treatment to these animals are insignificant. 4. A further withdrawal of the drug recovered the enzyme towards the control level, and on 15th day SDH is completely recovered. The antagonist treatments in withdrawal groups demonstrated insignificant changes. Overall data clearly show that enzymatic changes are morphine mediated, and at least 15 days of drug abstinence is needed for a complete recovery of the enzyme (Acta neurol. belg., 1988, 88, 281-289). PMID- 3252686 TI - [Vascular headache, thrombopenia and serotonin metabolism]. AB - The role of platelet serotonin in migraine remains a subject of controversy. However, the frequency of association of migraine with antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia would suggest that platelet dysfunction or impaired serotonin metabolism might play a role in migrainous attack. We report three new cases, two involving chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia and one lupus. The observation of high levels of anti-platelet antibodies in close correlation with the occurrence of attacks suggests that the Serotonin Releasing Factor (SRF) could be concerned. This was suspected previously on the basis of in vitro studies. The hypothesis that other forms of migraine might be linked to an immunopathological process involving other immunoglobulins is proposed (Acta neurol. belg., 1988, 88, 290 296). PMID- 3252687 TI - Central action of sanumgerman administered orally in mice. AB - The behavioral and biochemical studies showed that daily oral administration of sanumgerman (340 mg/kg, i.e. 1/5 LD50) for 3 days exerted a depressive influence on the central nervous system of the mouse. The mechanism of this action could be related to an inhibition of catecholaminergic and of serotoninergic central system activities. PMID- 3252688 TI - The effect of frontal cortex lesion on the activity of the dopaminergic system in rat striatum. AB - The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g with lesion in the cortex of the frontal lobe. The activity of the dopaminergic system was studied by means of behavioural tests such as determination of spontaneous motor activity, apomorphine-induced stereotypy, haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Increased intensity of stereotypy was observed reaching a maximum 14 days after frontal lobe damage. Moreover, a slight tendency was observed for inhibition of haloperidol-induced catalepsy without changes in the spontaneous motor activity of the animals. Biochemical investigations demonstrated reduced dopamine content in the striatum on the side of the lesion. PMID- 3252689 TI - Chronic treatment with desmethylimipramine increases the oxytocin content in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis of normal and pinealectomized male rats. AB - The effect of chronic treatment with desmethylimipramine (i.p., 10 mg/kg; twice daily over 5 days) on the content of oxytocin in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis of normal and pinealectomized male rats has been investigated. Pinealectomy resulted in a decrease of oxytocin content in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. Treatment with desmethylimipramine (desipramine; DMI) was followed by a distinct increase of the oxytocin potency in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis in both normal and pinealectomized rats. It may be supposed that chronic treatment with DMI inhibits the oxytocin release from neurohypophysis. PMID- 3252690 TI - Studies on the effect of low-molecule uremic toxins on the activity of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.49) and transketolase (E.C.2.2.1.1) in human red blood cells. AB - The effect in vitro was studied of methylguanidine (MG) and guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA) on the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-P DH) and transketolase (ETKA) of normal erythrocytes. The results show that MG in concentration (1.8 X 10(-5) mol/l) approximate to or higher then its concentration in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure (ch.r.f.) inhibits the activity of G-6-P DH. The changes of similar nature have been observed in case of GSA. In the same incubation conditions MG or GSA bring about the inhibition of ETKA activity in red blood cells. MG and GSA jointly introduced into incubation mixture in concentrations approximate to those appearing in plasma of patients with ch.r.f. cause the inhibition of G-6-P DH by 35.6% on the average, with no statistically significant differences in ETKA activity. PMID- 3252691 TI - Influence of chronic ethanol treatment and the abstinence period on the ethanol elimination by the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Rats received ethanol as their only drinking fluid for 4 weeks in a concentration ranging from 6-20%. After the ethanol-free intervals of 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours, the livers were isolated and perfused with 100 ml of perfusion fluid with an addition of ethanol (0.2% f.c.) and the elimination of ethanol from the perfusate was studied. The livers of animals chronically exposed to ethanol showed significant diminution of ethanol elimination from perfusate after 72, 96 and 120 hours of withdrawal. After 144 hours the rate of the ethanol elimination returned to the control level. PMID- 3252692 TI - Development of tolerance to pethidine in rats, pretreated or not, with beta naphtoflavone or SKF 525 A. AB - Tolerance to the analgesic effect of pethidine (PD) in rats, treated with a dose of 15 mg/kg of the compound twice daily at 12 h intervals for 1-3 weeks, was assessed using both, heat and current irritating stimuli. Tolerance could be detected earlier by the current irritating method, than by the hot plate technique. Pretreatment with beta-naphtoflavone did only slightly affect the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of PD. In contrast after one week of treatment with SKF 525 A PD retained its analgesic effect. The prolonged pretreatment with SKF 525 A did not prevent the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of PD. PMID- 3252693 TI - A trial of assessment of the interrelated action of metabolic and sensory factors in the choice of food by rats in various states of protein and calcium nutrition. AB - The strategy of food choice by adult rats was studied after giving previously to them a balanced diet, a non-protein diet and/or a diet with calcium excess. Tests were carried out for food preference offering to the rats semi-purified diets differing in the contents of protein and calcium. Besides that, the taste of the food was changed adding to it saccharose, quinine, mint and caramel. Depending on the nutritional state of the rats significant differences were found in their preference for foods which was related to the general direction of homeostasis recovery. In protein malnutrition diets were chosen containing protein, while calcium content and taste were of secondary importance. PMID- 3252694 TI - The effect of toxic doses of lanthanum and cerium on the placental barrier and the blood/organ barrier in mice after intravenous injection of these elements. AB - In earlier studies the toxicity of the lanthanides was determined on the basis of the LD50/30 value, increase of serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity, and the degree of passage of the lanthanides to the fetuses and milk. The purpose of the present work was to investigate the effects of toxic doses of lanthanum and cerium on the function of the placental barrier and the blood/organ barrier in mice using substances of known molecular weight labelled with radionuclides (14C aminoisobutyric acid--AIB, 3H-thymidine and 125I-albumin). Increased uptake of 14C-AIB and 3H-thymidine was demonstrated in the liver, spleen and placenta of mice after toxic doses of La and Ce indicating disturbances in the function of the blood/organ barrier (liver, spleen, placenta) due to damage to the vascular endothelium or cell membranes. No disturbances were shown in the function of the placental barrier (which would have caused increased passage of these markers to the fetus), and rupture of the cell membranes in the studied tissues was not demonstrated (it would have caused increased passage of 125I-albumin, a macromolecular compound) in any of the studied organs in mice. PMID- 3252695 TI - Fluostigmine effect on glycogen level in the skeletal muscle. AB - Fluostigmine in a dose not producing evident toxicity reduced the glycogen content in the gastrocnemius muscle in rats, with a consequent decrease of glycogen utilization during contractions of the muscle induced with direct tetanic stimuli. Administration of atropine or atropine with obidoxime failed to change this effect of fluostigmine. The authors suggest that the effect is not due to disturbances of the cholinergic system function. PMID- 3252696 TI - Drug trial research in family practice. PMID- 3252697 TI - Surgeon and family physician opinions of the general surgical needs of family practice residents: a pilot study. AB - There is a lack of data assessing needs and evaluating educational objectives in general surgery for family practice residents. Studies suggest that family practice residency graduates feel underprepared in some surgical areas. This study provides results of a survey of 28 surgeons, practicing family physicians and family practice residents in the Northeast regarding the importance of 166 surgical objectives. The groups are compared to each other to detect differences in perceptions about what family practice residents should be taught in general surgery. Surgeons attached significantly less importance to nine of 21 general categories of learning objectives (e.g. emergency skills) than did practicing family physicians or family practice residents. No differences in ratings of surgical objectives were observed for 12 of 21 general categories. PMID- 3252698 TI - Patients' responses to short obstetrical hospital stays during a nurses' strike. AB - A 1984 St. Paul nurses' strike led to a reduction in the length of obstetrical hospital stays, and this effect persisted after the strike. The mean length of hospitalization for vaginal deliveries was 2.7 days before the strike, 1.6 days during the strike, and 2.4 days after the strike. Forty-nine women who delivered during the strike completed questionnaires investigating their attitudes about their length of hospital stay. Although the mean patient response to length of stay was slightly positive, several patients were dissatisfied with their short hospital stays. Patients who stayed for two days or longer were more positive about their length of stay than those who stayed for shorter periods of time. It was planned that most women with vaginal deliveries would be discharged within 24 hours; however, 11 of the 36 women with vaginal deliveries stayed two days or more. This study demonstrates the need to individualize discharge plans. Not all women with vaginal deliveries can be discharged within 24 hours, and one may expect some patient dissatisfaction when early discharge is mandated. PMID- 3252699 TI - Self-ratings of graduating family practice residents' psychological medicine abilities. AB - This study evaluated the psychological medicine abilities of graduating residents in the Department of Family Practice and Community Health at the University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center (n = 41). Residents were asked to complete the Psychological Medicine Inventory, a series of nine-point rating scales, which measure level of interest in the psychological aspects of patient care, degree of confidence in dealing with the psychological problems of patients, and various psychological abilities. Behavioral science faculty members familiar with the residents also rated 20 of the residents' overall level of interest and ability in psychological medicine. Residents rated themselves highest on doctor-patient relationships and on recognizing patients in distress, and lowest on psychological interviewing and the ability to be psychologically therapeutic. Item intercorrelations and factor analysis suggested that two main dimensions were being evaluated: clinical psychological abilities (including interviewing, diagnosis, consultation, treatment decisions, and treatment) and psychological sensitivity (including doctor-patient relationships, awareness of patient's reactions, and awareness of own feelings.) Residents' self-ratings correlated positively with faculty ratings. PMID- 3252700 TI - [Mental foramen anesthesia: still up-to-date?]. PMID- 3252701 TI - [Treatment of gingival recession: the de-epithelialized buried recovering graft technic (D.B.R.G.)]. PMID- 3252702 TI - [A facial cutaneous fistula or the need of a good clinical examination]. PMID- 3252703 TI - [The safe apical limit (SAL)]. PMID- 3252704 TI - [The position of the posterior palatal foramen and the frequency of the medial and lateral meatus]. PMID- 3252705 TI - [459 cases of dental number anomalies. Demonstration of different clinical forms and possible relation between agenesis and hypergenesis]. PMID- 3252706 TI - [Artificial intelligence and help in orthodontic decision making]. PMID- 3252707 TI - [Labio-maxillary clefts and cellular dismigration. Surgical consequences]. PMID- 3252708 TI - [Are cleft lip and palate hereditary? Current views on their transmission and genetic counseling]. PMID- 3252709 TI - [Postnatal orthopedics of labio-alveolar-palatal-velar clefts]. PMID- 3252710 TI - [The anatomical and physiological basis of primary treatment of complete unilateral labio-palatal clefts]. PMID- 3252711 TI - [Velopharyngeal anatomy and physiology: influence on mandibular growth, therapeutic deductions]. PMID- 3252712 TI - [Promandibulas and the healed flat palate]. PMID- 3252713 TI - [Velopharyngoplasty: the Rosenthal-Delaire technic. Orthophonic indications]. PMID- 3252714 TI - [Orthognathic surgery for complications of facial clefts]. PMID- 3252715 TI - [Small nostrils secondary to labio-nasal clefts: composite grafts, endo prosthetic calibration]. PMID- 3252716 TI - [Border teeth: surgical-orthodontic placement]. PMID- 3252717 TI - [Parental guidance and orthophonic follow-up of children with velar and labio palatal clefts (after early surgery)]. PMID- 3252718 TI - [Facial clefts and endocrine deficiencies]. PMID- 3252719 TI - [Autotransplantation: clinical results, radiography, orthodontics, criteria for success]. PMID- 3252720 TI - [Scanning electron microscope study of a surface varnish for acrylic resins]. PMID- 3252721 TI - [Experimentation with a prototype CO2 laser in current dental practice]. PMID- 3252723 TI - [Sucking habits: origin, duration, significance, mechanism, treatment. Interview by Patrice Lambertini]. PMID- 3252722 TI - [The lateral pterygoid muscle: anatomic dissection and medical imaging. Perspectives in the treatment of M.P.D.S]. PMID- 3252724 TI - [Type K endodontic files: evaluation of their properties as a function of machining]. PMID- 3252725 TI - [The role of kinesiography and electromyography in temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome]. PMID- 3252726 TI - MLCu250 IUD: a decade of experience. AB - The paper summarizes the author's ten-year experience with 1446 interval insertions of the MLCu250 Standard type device. The 120th month was completed by 106 patients and the cumulative woman-months of use were 78,078. For evaluating the overall performance, gross cumulative and yearly specific life table termination and continuation rates were calculated as suggested by Tietze. The cumulative pertinent rates at the end of the ten-year follow-up period were as follows: pregnancy, 9.9; expulsion, 8.8; bleeding/pain removal, 33.4; and removal for other medical reasons, 24.5. The gross annual rates for the same conditions at the end of the first year of use were: 2.4, 4.4, 5.1 and 1.2, while at the 120th month they were: 0.8, 0.0, 6.1 and 5.5, respectively. The continuation rate was 83.7 at the 12th month, and 26.7 at the end of the 10th year. Based on this evaluation, the MLCu250 Standard IUD has a good overall performance and a longer life span than was previously expected. PMID- 3252727 TI - Effects of intrauterine devices on the surface ultrastructure of human endometrium before and after removal. AB - The effects of copper-releasing IUDs on the endometrial ultrastructure were evaluated in 101 women. Endometrial samples were obtained in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, both during and after IUD use, and were evaluated using both scanning and electron microscopy. The degree and extent of changes to the surface ultrastructure of the endometrium were found to be related to the copper surface area of the IUD. Regardless of the duration of IUD use, by one month after IUD removal the endometrial ultrastructure had returned to its normal state. The results of this study show that the effects of copper-releasing IUDs on the endometrial ultrastructure are essentially limited to the time the IUD is in utero. PMID- 3252728 TI - Effects of Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Levl.) Hutch on male fertility. AB - Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Levl.) Hutch (TH) is a perennial used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and various skin disorders. One study showed that daily oral doses of TH significantly reduced the fertility of male rats without apparent toxicity. The effects of daily oral doses of TH on the fertility of men taking it for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were evaluated. Sperm concentration, motility and motility grade all were significantly reduced in the 13 men taking TH compared to 11 untreated controls. TH therapy did not affect testosterone, FSH, LH levels, and its antifertility effects appeared to be reversible. PMID- 3252729 TI - Disease and pregnancy in adolescent girls. AB - The frequency of visits to the outpatient clinic, chief complaints, and pregnancies of adolescent girls were analyzed. The age distribution of adolescent girls who visited the clinic showed that the higher the age, the higher the frequency of menstrual cycle abnormalities. Recently, increased sexual activity has been seen in teenagers and has caused problems, especially the increase in teenage pregnancies, contributing to increases in induced abortion. To avoid unwanted pregnancy of unmarried teenagers, intensive sex education is essential, as well as provision of contraceptives. PMID- 3252730 TI - The dynamic changes of several reproductive hormones during termination of early pregnancy by RU486 in combination with PG-05 in Chinese women. AB - 8 pregnant women (below 49 days of amenorrhea) were administered 600 mg RU486 orally in a single dosage, and 1 mg PG-05 as a vaginal suppository 48 h afterwards. The plasma beta-hCG, progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol and PGFM (13,14 dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha) were determined by RIAs throughout the treatment. In all 8 cases, beta-hCG and progesterone levels fell following the onset of bleeding, which happened in a mean time of 39 h after RU486 administration. In 7 women who experienced complete abortion, E2 dropped after 72 h and PGFM increased two-fold within 48 h. In comparison with these results of complete abortion, the concentrations of E2 in the woman experiencing incomplete abortion were much higher, while those of PGFM were much lower. The results suggest that the primary action site of RU486 is probably in the decidual tissue, because of the progesterone-antagonistic property of RU486, which in turn leads to the drop in beta-hCG, progesterone and E2. It also indicates that RU486 may facilitate the production of endogenous prostaglandins, which can be explained by the changes of decidual tissue induced by RU486. PMID- 3252731 TI - Patterns of binocular suppression and accommodation in monovision. AB - The binocular depth of focus of monovision wearers was compared to the sum of the two monocularly determined depths of focus. Observers fell into three groups based upon ocular sighting dominance. Complete binocular summation of the monocular depths of focus was observed in subjects without a preferred fixating eye. Subjects who preferred to fixate with one eye had difficulty suppressing blur of that eye while the binocular target was within the depth of focus of the nonpreferred eye. A third group showed partial summation of the two monocular depths of focus. Similar patterns of accommodative response, measured objectively with the SRI optometer, were observed in subjects wearing monovision corrections. Accommodative response to sinusoidal variations in blur was controlled primarily by the dominant sighting eye. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of interocular suppression of anisometropic blur in monovision correction and the influence of ocular dominance upon this suppression process. PMID- 3252732 TI - Accommodative adaptation to monocular and binocular stimuli. AB - Pre- and post-task measures of dark-focus (DF) were used to assess accommodative adaptation induced by a 45-s near-vision task at 33 cm. Adaptation was measured under monocular and binocular conditions for a group of 10 young emmetropic subjects (mean age 21.6 years). The accommodative response was measured objectively using an infrared optometer (Canon Autoref R-1). Post-task DF was sampled immediately after the task at 1-s intervals over a 90-s period. No significant difference in accommodative adaptation was observed between the monocular and binocular near-vision tasks. The implications of this finding are discussed with regard to the oculomotor constituents of the closed-loop accommodative response. PMID- 3252733 TI - Toxic effects of ophthalmic preservatives on cultured rabbit corneal epithelium. AB - We investigated the effects of the ophthalmic preservatives thimerosal and sorbic acid on the proliferation and survival of rabbit corneal epithelial cells in tissue culture. Normally, explants of corneal epithelium grow vigorously during the first 7 days in culture. With 0.004% thimerosal present in the culture medium, the normal proliferation of corneal cells is suppressed completely. When 0.1% sorbic acid is present, proliferation is delayed and the lifespan of the corneal cells is reduced. After a 1-h exposure to concentrations of thimerosal of 0.0005% or greater, virtually all corneal cells present in established cultures are killed. These results suggest that use of ophthalmic preparations containing these chemicals may affect the metabolic and proliferative capacity of the corneal epithelium adversely. PMID- 3252734 TI - Flexibility of hard gas permeable contact lenses. AB - Gas permeable (GP) lenses can flex on some eyes producing unpredictable clinical results. A method of measuring the flexibility of hard GP materials has been developed and shown to be repeatable. Materials in the form of flats rather than lenses were used. Differences between materials were found and in general a linear relation was shown to exist between maximum flexing and quoted oxygen permeability (r = 0.78, p less than 0.05). It is recommended that flexibility be measured and reported in the data presented with all new GP polymers. The term "hard" rather than "rigid" in describing GP lenses is suggested. PMID- 3252736 TI - Similarities and differences in a set of 7-year-old triplets, two of whom are monozygotic. AB - This paper describes three sisters, triplets, age 7 years, 2 months, two of whom derive from a single ovum, the third from a second ovum. As such, they provide an opportunity to examine the relative impact of heredity on certain of their physical, developed, and acquired abilities and characteristics. In addition to a comparison of such physical traits as height, weight, refractive status, axial length, and so on, certain (developed) sensory-motor and (acquired) cognitive and language measures are reported, such as binocular status, visual and auditory analysis skills, intelligence quotient, and (expressive and receptive) language abilities. Because all three children have lived in (more or less) the same pre- and post-natal environment, we assume that whatever concordance the monozygotic (MZ) pair displays that is not shared by their dizygotic (DZ) sister is attributable to heredity. (It does not necessarily follow, however, that any discordance between the two MZ sisters or any concordance between one of them and their DZ sister is attributable to environment. PMID- 3252735 TI - Meridional differences in the directional sensitivity of the human color mechanisms. AB - The directional sensitivity (DS) of the red (pi 5), green (pi 4), and blue (pi 1) color mechanisms was measured for both the horizontal and vertical pupil meridians, thus localizing the peak of each pi-mechanism DS function within the two-dimensional pupillary aperture. In the horizontal meridian, there were greater differences among observers in DS function peak locations than there were for any one observer. Along the vertical meridian, peak location differences within observers were similar to those found in the horizontal meridian, whereas among-observer differences were much smaller. Significant differences between horizontal and vertical DS function halfwidths were also found for at least one pi-mechanism of each observer. It is concluded that meridional variations exist in either the morphology or orientational distribution of foveal photoreceptors, and that more than one alignment mechanism is responsible for photoreceptor orientation in the human fovea. PMID- 3252737 TI - Vision anomalies and reading skill: a meta-analysis of the literature. AB - We report a meta-analysis of studies of the relation of vision anomalies to reading skill. Meta-analysis is a quantitative technique for combining the results of multiple studies that reduces the subjectivity of literature reviews. The results of the analysis of 34 studies of vision anomalies and reading skill that met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis showed that hyperopia, exophoria at near, vertical phoria, anisometropia, and aniseikonia are associated with below average reading performance. Myopia and esophoria and esophoria at far are associated with average and above average reading performance. Reduced visual acuity, astigmatism, esophoria at near, fusional convergence and divergence, strabismus, nearpoint of convergence, and stereopsis were not found to be associated with reading performance. PMID- 3252738 TI - Simplified system of Purkinje image photography for phakometry. AB - Phakometry is a technique for measurement of the crystalline lens radii of curvature, usually involving photography of the Purkinje images. We have devised a system of comparison phakometry using commercially available camera equipment. This paper contains a description of the apparatus, technique, and necessary calculations. Reliability of the method is discussed. PMID- 3252739 TI - Confirmation of the Simplified Javal's Rule. PMID- 3252740 TI - Chronobiology and closed-angle glaucoma. PMID- 3252741 TI - [The university and the training of professionals to deal with drug dependencies]. PMID- 3252742 TI - [Intra-lobar pulmonary sequestrations. Contribution of X-ray computed tomography and MRI. Apropos of 9 cases with typical aspects borderline forms]. PMID- 3252743 TI - [Mediastinitis caused by odontogenic organisms (dental origin). Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 3252744 TI - [HmPaO Tc as an indicator of local cerebral blood flow: quantified study compared to the xenon 133 inhalation method]. PMID- 3252746 TI - [Value of X-ray computed tomography in the initial staging of cancers of the cervix uteri and in post-therapeutic follow-up]. PMID- 3252745 TI - [Non-infectious destructive spondyloarthropathy in chronic hemodialysis patients. 2 cases with lumbar localization]. PMID- 3252747 TI - [MRI and post-partum thrombosis of the utero-ovarian vein. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3252748 TI - [Course of a fracture-dislocation of the hip in coma: value of X-ray computed tomography evaluation]. PMID- 3252749 TI - ["Cancellous nodules" of the skeleton. Osteopoikilosis: a radiological curiosity. Apropos of a familial case]. PMID- 3252751 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rimantadine hydrochloride in mice and dogs. AB - We studied the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rimantadine hydrochloride (rimantadine) following single-dose oral and intravenous administration in mice and dogs. Absorption of the compound in mice was rapid. Maximum concentrations in plasma occurred at less than 0.5 h after oral administration, and the elimination half-life was 1.5 h. Peak concentrations in plasma following oral administration were markedly disproportional to the dose (274 ng/ml at 10 mg/kg, but 2,013 ng/ml at 40 mg/kg). The bioavailability after an oral dose of 40 mg/kg was 58.6%. Clearance was 4.3 liters/h per kg, and the volume of distribution was 7.6 liters/kg at 40 mg/kg. In contrast to the results observed in mice, absorption of the compound in dogs was slow. Maximum concentrations in plasma occurred at 1.7 h after oral administration, and the elimination half-life was 3.3 h. A further difference was that peak concentrations in plasma were approximately proportional to the dose. Following administration of a single oral dose of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg, maximum concentrations in plasma were 275,800, and 1,950 ng/ml, respectively. The bioavailability after an oral dose of 5 mg/kg was 99.4%. The clearance was 3.7 liters/h per kg, and the volume of distribution was 13.8 liters/kg at 5 mg/kg. Mass balance studies in mice, using [methyl 14C]rimantadine, indicated that 98.7% of the administered dose could be recovered in 96 h. Less than 5% of the dose was recovered as the parent drug in dog urine within 48 h. Finally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies, done with mouse plasma, identified the presence of two rimantadine metabolites. These appeared to be ring-substituted isomers of hydroxy-rimantadine. PMID- 3252750 TI - Aerosol amphotericin B is effective for prophylaxis and therapy in a rat model of pulmonary aspergillosis. AB - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a major life-threatening complication among transplant recipients and patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. In a rat model of progressive pulmonary aspergillosis that is characterized by hyphal bronchopneumonia, aerosol amphotericin B (aero-AmB; 1.6 mg/kg given 2 days before infection) significantly delayed mortality in rats compared with animals in a control group. The first death in the aero-AmB-treated group occurred on day 11, by which time seven of the eight control animals had died. The same dose of aero AmB given as treatment (1.6 mg/kg given 24 h after infection and then daily for 6 days) was also effective. In this trial, eight of the ten animals treated with aero-AmB survived for 7 days, whereas only one of ten control animals survived. Colony counts in lung homogenates obtained 24 h after infection showed an 80-fold reduction in the number of viable spores in animals that had received 6.4-mg/kg doses of aero-AmB 2 days prior to infection. At 48 h after administering a single 1.6- or 3.2-mg/kg dose of aero-AmB, mean lung concentrations were 2.79 and 5.22 micrograms/g of tissue, respectively. We conclude, therefore, that aero-AmB kills inhaled spores and delays the progression of pulmonary aspergillosis by inhibiting mycelial proliferation. PMID- 3252752 TI - Temocillin efficacy in experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis after infusion into rabbit plasma to simulate antibiotic concentrations in human serum. AB - An infusion system was developed to simulate in the plasma of rabbits the concentrations of temocillin in human serum measured after administration of a 2 g intravenous bolus dose. The efficacy of therapy with this infusion against experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis was compared with that of a conventional bolus dose to the animals. The marked difference between the elimination half-life (t1/2) of temocillin in rabbit plasma and human serum (0.3 and 5 h, respectively) was reflected in concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The mean peak concentration after infusion occurred 3.5 h later than after bolus dosing, and levels were more prolonged (t1/2 in CSF was 6.3 h compared with 0.83 h following the bolus dose). After infusion, the mean viable count in CSF decreased by 4 log10 CFU/ml, whereas the bolus dose was ineffective because of the rapid fall to subinhibitory concentrations. These results suggest that the infusion system used is valuable for experimental studies with antibacterial agents whose elimination kinetics differ markedly between animals and humans. PMID- 3252754 TI - Pharmacokinetics of LY163892 in infants and children. AB - Two dosages (7.5 and 15 mg/kg of body weight) of LY163892 were given to infants and children, and five plasma specimens were collected for antibiotic assay during the ensuing 4 h. Peak concentrations of 12.6 and 18.7 micrograms/ml occurred at 45 min. The mean half-lives were 0.85 and 0.78 h, and the mean areas under the curve were 24.4 and 38.0 micrograms.h/ml. PMID- 3252753 TI - Comparative in vitro activities of new 14-, 15-, and 16-membered macrolides. AB - The in vitro activities of several 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides were compared with that of erythromycin. In general, 14-membered macrolides such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, and flurithromycin were more active against streptococci and Bordetella pertussis than was the 15-membered macrolide azithromycin, which was more active than 16-membered macrolides such as miocamycin and rokitamycin. Clarithromycin was the most active compound against Streptococcus pyogenes, pneumococci, Listeria monocytogenes, and Corynebacterium species. Legionella pneumophila was most susceptible to miocamycin, clarithromycin, and rokitamycin. Branhamella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Haemophilus influenzae were most susceptible to azithromycin. Azithromycin and dirithromycin were the most active compounds against Campylobacter jejuni. MICs of 16-membered macrolides for strains expressing inducible-type resistance to erythromycin were less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, whereas none of the compounds had activity against strains expressing constitutive-type resistance. The MICs of roxithromycin, miocamycin, rokitamycin, and josamycin increased in the presence of human serum, whereas MICs of the other compounds either were unchanged or decreased. PMID- 3252755 TI - Evaluation of single-dose ciprofloxacin in the eradication of Neisseria meningitidis from nasopharyngeal carriers. AB - The ability of a single oral 750-mg dose of ciprofloxacin to eradicate Neisseria meningitidis from persistent nasopharyngeal carriers was prospectively evaluated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded study. Cultures of specimens taken from all 23 ciprofloxacin-dosed subjects 1 day postdose were negative; cultures from 96% of these subjects were negative at 7 and 21 days postdose, including a specimen from a subject colonized with a minocycline-resistant strain. Of 22 placebo recipients, 20 (91%) remained culture positive. Single-dose ciprofloxacin appears efficacious for meningococcal prophylaxis. PMID- 3252756 TI - Diagnosis of Indian kala-azar by dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot ELISA). AB - Serodiagnosis of kala-azar was determined by dot-ELISA under variable conditions such as may be encountered in the field, for example, in the nature of the antigen, the preservation of antigen at different temperatures, variation in incubation temperature and so on. The test was found to be useful under field conditions, and the correlation between ELISA and dot-ELISA was significant. Dot ELISA has definite advantages over the ELISA test, as it is easy to perform, is stable and does not require expensive equipment. The test can be used for large scale screening of sera in sero-epidemiological studies. PMID- 3252757 TI - Glomerulonephritis in dogs with canine leishmaniasis. AB - Kidney specimens, obtained from 11 dogs of diverse species that had contracted spontaneous leishmaniasis, were submitted to a histopathological investigation using a classical preparation of sections embedded in paraffin, semi-thin and ultra-thin sections embedded in plastic, and sections frozen under immunofluorescence. Eight animals presented moderate to severe renal insufficiency. Two major categories of glomerular lesions were identified in the kidneys examined: acute glomerulonephritis and extra-membranous glomerulonephritis. These two categories were never associated and no transition from from one to the other was found. Immune complex deposits prevailed sharply over proliferative phenomena, which remained infrequent. Study of these glomerulonephrities could represent a model for better understanding of the immunological aspects of leishmaniasis. PMID- 3252758 TI - Hydatid disease in the Turkana district of Kenya. VI. Man:dog contact and its role in the transmission and control of hydatidosis amongst the Turkana. AB - Despite a hostile environment unsuited to parasite transmission, Turkana district in northwestern Kenya has the highest incidence of hydatid disease in the world. The prevalence of the disease varies ten-fold, being higher in the north than the south of the district. This study examined whether differences in man:dog contact and specific activities of dogs enhanced the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus eggs to man. A total of 24,541 observation-minutes were completed, studying 31 dogs from 20 manyattas in six locations throughout Turkana district, and in one location in neighbouring Pokot. Correlations were found between the time a dog spent in a manyatta and whether dogs were allowed to clean children, scavenge from cooking utensils and defecate within the home area. The amount of time a dog spent in a manyatta depended upon the availability of water, food and shade. The study also revealed that it is difficult to change the Turkana's behaviour and attitudes towards their dogs, despite continuous education. Therefore, in an area where home slaughter is practised, dosing of dogs with a suitable taeniacide will for many years to come remain an important component in the hydatid control programme being carried out in Turkana. PMID- 3252759 TI - Experimental transmission of hydatid infection from camels and cattle to dogs. AB - Experimental transmission of hydatid infection was attempted by feeding viable cysts from camels and cattle to dogs. The infection was established in dogs with variable numbers of adult worms being recovered at the end of the experiment. Cats were entirely refractory to experimental infections. PMID- 3252760 TI - Experimental infection in a monkey with Gnathostoma hispidum larvae obtained from loaches. AB - Since the 1908s gnathostomiasis has occurred sporadically in Japanese who have eaten loaches, fresh-water fish imported from southeast Asia. Symptoms include creeping skin eruptions and eosinophilia. The symptoms disappeared in most patients within three months after the onset and the patients then remained symptom-free. To elucidate the causative factors, we fed one monkey with 80 gnathostome larvae collected from loaches and autopsied the animal 466 days later. Fifty-one viable larvae (64%) were recovered from muscle; these were in the advanced third stage and were encapsulated. PMID- 3252761 TI - Effect of temperature on erythrocyte-free Plasmodium yoelii. PMID- 3252762 TI - Adaptation of the pig parasite Trypanosoma simiae to the laboratory rat. PMID- 3252763 TI - Metastasis of Leishmania mexicana in a Leishmania-resistant mouse strain (C/57) following concomitant malarial infection. PMID- 3252764 TI - Supplemented Schneider's Drosophila medium for isolation of Leishmania donovani promastigotes. PMID- 3252765 TI - Observations on the origin of daughter cysts within hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus. PMID- 3252766 TI - Cryptosporidium in a child in Kuwait. PMID- 3252767 TI - [Psychological characteristics of the "Duker task" or "what is achieved in performance?"]. PMID- 3252769 TI - [Characteristics of the trimethoprim resistance of Enterobacteriaceae of medical interest]. PMID- 3252768 TI - Epidemiological surveillance of the resistance to antimicrobial agents in pathogenic or potentially pathogenic germs of medical interest. PMID- 3252770 TI - The incidence of Campylobacter pylori in chronic gastropathy. PMID- 3252771 TI - Colonization of rat molar teeth by mutans streptococci with different salivary agglutination characteristics. AB - The oral implantation of salivary agglutination-positive and -negative mutans streptococci was studied using streptomycin resistant (StrR) organisms. StrR Streptococcus mutans strains Ingbritt and NCTC 10449 are agglutinated by rat saliva and the StrR strains Streptococcus sobrinus 6715-13 and Strep. mutans GS5 are not. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated orally with each organism (one per group) and fed a sucrose diet. A further two groups of animals were similarly inoculated with either the agglutination-positive Strep. mutans Ingbritt or the agglutination-negative Strep. sobrinus 6715-13 and fed a glucose diet. StrR streptococci were recovered from smooth-surface dental plaque of all animals on the sucrose diet with no significant difference in the recovery of agglutination-positive Strep. mutans strains Ingbritt and NCTC 10449 and agglutination-negative Strep. mutans GS5. However, the recovery of agglutination negative Strep. sobrinus 6715-13 from smooth-surface plaque of animals on either the sucrose or the glucose diets was significantly lower than that of the other strains. Agglutination-positive Strep. mutans Ingbritt colonized smooth enamel surfaces of animals on the sucrose and the glucose diets in numbers that were not significantly different. However, the colonization of such surfaces by agglutination-negative Strep. sobrinus 6715-13 was significantly enhanced by the sucrose diet. Agglutination-positive and -negative StrR mutans streptococci were recovered from fissure plaque of all inoculated sucrose-fed animals in numbers that were not significantly different. Successful colonization of smooth enamel surfaces by the StrR streptococci resulted in increased smooth-surface caries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3252772 TI - Subjective assessment of liquid volumes by humans during swallowing. AB - To test the hypothesis that during drinking the appreciation of a volume of fluid in the mouth (VM) is important in determining the volume swallowed (VS), we assessed how well subjects recognized different volumes taken into the mouth and swallowed. Five volumes of tap water (5-25 cm3) were drunk in random order with the eyes closed and the subjects assessed these by selecting from an assortment of cylindrical blocks those with volumes which were thought to correspond visually or manually to the test volumes. Two known reference volumes and cylinders each of 15 cm3 were included in the test. Scores for total error magnitude, correct responses and bias showed that subjective assessment of volumes, though poor, was reproducible and that a student group performed better than children and elderly subjects who consistently underestimated VM. Of the factors studied which might contribute to perception of VM, the time taken for water to enter the mouth, but not the interval before swallowing, seemed most important. Raising the water temperature to 37 degrees C, surface anaesthesia of tongue and palate, and sipping as opposed to gulping, did not alter scores in students. The mean VS in unrestricted drinking was 12.6 cm3 for 44 students; repeat measurements in an individual varied by only about 11 per cent. PMID- 3252773 TI - X-ray diffraction and thermal studies of crystals from the outer and inner layers of human dental enamel. AB - X-ray diffraction showed that crystals from the outer layer had larger crystallite sizes, a-axis length and peak intensities than the inner layer crystals. Upon heating, apatites in both layers showed a contraction of a-axis length and changed their crystallite sizes along the direction of the a-axis independently of changes along the c-axis. The contraction of the a-axis length is attributed to loss of structurally incorporated water from the apatite lattice, causing void formation along the c-axis and altering the crystallite size normal to the c-axis. Whitlockite was detected in samples from both layers at temperatures above 800 degrees C, and the temperature required for whitlockite formation was considered to be influenced by the experimental atmosphere. The peak shift of whitlockite with temperature indicates that the whitlockite initially formed was magnesium rich. As to the amount of structurally incorporated water in both layers' apatites, the a-axis contraction data were inconsistent with the a-axis length data. This inconsistency indicates a larger degree of magnesium substitution in the inner layer apatite. A larger degree of magnesium substitution in apatite would show a smaller crystallite size, a weaker apatite peak intensity and a larger amount of whitlockite formation. PMID- 3252774 TI - The effect of rate of force application on the threshold of periodontal ligament mechanoreceptors in the cat canine tooth. AB - Mechanical stimuli in the form of ramp-plateau forces were applied to the tip of the crown of the left mandibular canine tooth in cats anaesthetized with alpha chloralose. Electrophysiological recordings were made from functionally single fibres teased from the inferior alveolar nerve. The force threshold was determined for 34 periodontal ligament mechanoreceptors at different controlled rates of force application. Force threshold was dependent on the rate of force application to the crown tip. Rate sensitivity was present for all receptors across the range from rapidly to slowly adapting; the degree of rate sensitivity was graded according to the adaptation rate of the receptor. The results suggest that the velocity of mechanical stimulus application to teeth needs to be considered in studies involving periodontal mechanoreceptor responses and their reflexes. PMID- 3252775 TI - Reflex excitation of masticatory muscles induced by algesic chemicals applied to the temporomandibular joint of the cat. AB - Algesic chemicals (7 per cent NaCl, KCl and histamine) applied to this joint of anaesthetized cats evoked reflexes in the ipsilateral anterior digastric, temporalis and genioglossus muscles. Whereas the application of isotonic saline was only briefly and weakly effective, and only consistently so in the genioglossus, a single application of each chemical could produce a sustained increase in electromyographic activity of all the muscles. The excitatory effects usually lasted 30 s or more, and the onset latency and latency to peak activity were usually less than 10 s and 20 s, respectively. These reflex excitatory effects and their temporal characteristics are consistent with recent findings of the effects of these algesic chemicals on trigeminal brainstem nociceptive neurones, and provide support for concepts of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction that are based on reflexly induced increases in masticatory muscle activity. PMID- 3252776 TI - A comparison of the effects of tasting and chewing foods on the flow rate of whole saliva in man. AB - The objective was to determine the relative contributions from gustatory and mechanical stimulation of salivary flow in response to consumption of three foods. In a preliminary study on 6 males and 6 females the weights of normal bite size portions and their chewing times for rhubarb pie, boiled rice, and raw carrot were established for each subject. In the main study the foods were either (a) divided into the calculated bite-size normal portions or (b) the portions were mashed (rhubarb pie), untreated (rice) or finely ground (raw carrot). The subjects chewed the foods of type (a) in the normal way but, with type (b), simply held the food between the palate and the dorsum of the tongue, with no masticatory movements (tasting). After the normal chewing time the food was not swallowed but spat into a weighed container; the volume of saliva secreted was determined from the increase in weight of the food portions. Rhubarb pie elicited a significantly higher flow rate than did the rice and carrot; the flow rates in response to tasting, as a percentage of those in response to chewing were 86.7 +/ 12.2, 79.3 +/- 17.9 and 73.4 +/- 15.4, respectively. It is concluded that in humans the effect of the gustatory stimulation of foods is much more important than the mechanical stimulation from chewing in producing the flow of saliva. PMID- 3252777 TI - Histological evidence of fusion between the posterior palatal shelves and the floor of the mouth in Alligator mississippiensis. AB - Unlike the anterior four-fifths of the secondary palatal shelves the posterior one-fifth grows vertically downward along the side of the tongue and unites with the floor of the mouth. This feature appears to be unique to alligators, and may be important in the development of the basihyal valve. The valve seals off the mouth from the nasal cavities, pharynx and larynx, and thus allows simultaneous breathing and capturing of prey while in the aquatic environment. This developmental feature may enhance the survival value of the species. PMID- 3252778 TI - What dentists should know about dento-facial deformity. PMID- 3252779 TI - Transmission illumination of teeth. A system for operative dentistry procedures. PMID- 3252780 TI - Ackerman's tumour (verrucous carcinoma) of the oral cavity: a clinico epidemiologic study of 426 cases. PMID- 3252781 TI - The prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction among patients wearing complete dentures. PMID- 3252782 TI - A study to investigate the visual quality of dental undergraduates using a simple screening programme. PMID- 3252783 TI - A simple technique for localizing a broken dental needle in the pterygomandibular region. PMID- 3252784 TI - Bilateral double dens invaginatus of maxillary incisors in a young Chinese girl. PMID- 3252785 TI - X-ray exposure. PMID- 3252786 TI - Experts disagree on surface disinfectants. PMID- 3252787 TI - 'Criteria for placement and replacement of dental restorations'. Recommendations from an International Symposium. PMID- 3252788 TI - Prenatal screening for gestational diabetes throughout office hours. AB - A group of 1666 consecutive pregnant women attending our prenatal clinic was screened for gestational diabetes (GD). Patients with risk factors (155) underwent a classical 50 g OGTT, while 1511 patients without risk factors for GD were submitted at random throughout the day to a simplified OGTT, consisting of a single blood glucose determination 1 h after the glucose ingestion. In these patients, plasma glucose 1 h after the glucose load averaged 104 +/- 1 mg/dl and exceeded 135 mg/dl in 315 patients. In the latter group, retested with a standard 50 g OGTT, 48 out of 1511 patients (3.2%) finally met the criteria for GD, while 25 patients had an abnormal OGTT in the group with risk factors. The blood glucose levels after simplified 50 g glucose load were significantly higher in the third (vs. first) trimester of pregnancy (113 +/- 1 vs. 96 +/- 1 mg/dl, p less than 0.001). A significant increase in mean glucose concentrations was also observed for those patients tested after 11 a.m. (107 +/- 1 mg/dl vs. 99 +/- 1 mg/dl prior to 11 a.m. p less than 0.001) and for the women with an ideal body weight (IBW) greater than or equal to 150% at the beginning of pregnancy (124 +/- 7 mg/dl vs. 104 +/- 1 mg/dl for less than 150% IBW, p less than 0.001). These variations in glucose tolerance, related to the time of the day, the gestational age and the body weight, are of limited amplitude and should not be considered in the determination of the cut-off point of the screening test. Glucose loading at random throughout the day is a simple and useful tool for the routine detection of unsuspected GD in pregnant patients attending prenatal clinics. PMID- 3252789 TI - Medical support at the Hotel New World disaster. PMID- 3252790 TI - AIDS. PMID- 3252791 TI - [Evaluation of the left ventricular cavity of patients with chronic Chagas' cardiopathy by cineventriculography. I--Size, shape and global performance]. PMID- 3252792 TI - On concern with appearance, health beliefs, and eating habits: a reappraisal comparing Americans and West Germans. PMID- 3252793 TI - Disease reporting by physicians in New York City. PMID- 3252794 TI - [Statistical study of the presentation and pathology of oral leukoplasia]. PMID- 3252795 TI - [A family with amelogenesis imperfecta]. PMID- 3252797 TI - [Fixed drug eruptions]. PMID- 3252796 TI - [Dermal psoriasis and oral lichen: 3 cases]. PMID- 3252798 TI - [Integral conservative dentistry in daily practice. Mid-term results of a typical case]. PMID- 3252799 TI - [In vitro study of gingival microleakage in Class II composite restorations]. PMID- 3252800 TI - [Angulation of internal cuspal slopes in relation to enamel structure and cavity preparation for amalgam]. PMID- 3252801 TI - [Median rhomboid glossitis: current problems and personal experience]. PMID- 3252802 TI - [The need for disinfection/sterilization in dentistry. Chemical and physical procedures]. PMID- 3252803 TI - [Endodontics: indications and contraindications]. PMID- 3252804 TI - [Uniform standards for original submissions to biomedical reviews. International Committee of Medical Review Editors]. PMID- 3252805 TI - [Facts on AIDS for dental professionals]. PMID- 3252806 TI - Are spontaneous anti-idiotypic antibodies against anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies present in myasthenia gravis? AB - The presence of anti-acetylcholine receptor anti-idiotypic antibodies in sera from 102 myasthenia gravis patients and from 33 first-degree relatives was investigated by: (a) Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies raised against human acetylcholine receptor, (b) immunoprecipitation of 125I-monoclonal anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies; (c) inhibition of anti acetylcholine receptor monoclonal antibody binding to the receptor and/or (d) inhibition of autologous and heterologous anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody binding to the receptor. No clear evidence for the presence of abnormal levels of spontaneous anti-idiotypic antibodies to anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies was found. PMID- 3252807 TI - Two patients illustrating lymphoma transition and response to therapy in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Two patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) who subsequently developed malignant B cell lymphomas are reported in detail. The first patient had both benign- and malignant-appearing lymphoid infiltrates on the same submandibular gland specimen and was successfully treated with combined chemotherapy and irradiation. The second patient developed cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates difficult to diagnose by light microscopy but containing a monoclonal IgM-Kappa population revealed by immunoperoxidase staining and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement studies. Her lesions resolved rapidly and completely on cyclophosphamide, recurred rapidly when this drug was discontinued, and resolved again on a second course of cyclophosphamide which is currently maintained at 50 mg daily. Both patients are doing well without recurrence two and three years after initial treatment. This clinical experience is presented to emphasize: (1) the clinical use of molecular biologic techniques to define the earliest appearance of malignant transformation in Sjogren's syndrome, and (2) the successful outcome that can be achieved with prompt institution of appropriate treatment. The phenomenon of lymphoma development in SS is discussed with regard to immunoregulatory abnormalities predisposing to malignancy in the setting of autoimmune disease. PMID- 3252808 TI - Small-bowel transplantation in the rat with a nonsuture cuff technique. Technical and immunological considerations. AB - Small-bowel transplantation (SBT) using an nonsuture cuff technique was carried out on 137 rats. Preparation of the donor graft was carried out according to conventional procedures. Graft perfusion was done at a fixed pressure of 35 cm water. The left renal vessels of the recipient were dissected, the native kidney removed, and the graft was connected to the vessels by a nonsuture cuff technique. Of the animals, 92% survived for at least 5 days posttransplant. Three different combinations were investigated: (1) isografts; (2) semisyngeneic grafts from nontreated Lewis----(Lewis x DA) F1 hybrids; and (3) semisyngeneic grafts from rabbit antilymphocyte globulin (ALG)-pretreated Lewis----(Lewis x DA) F1. In group 1, 80% of the grafts were unaffected after 1 month; flow studies showed slight or no impairment of circulation in the graft. In group 2, the recipients developed clinical signs of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after 1 week, and at the end of the 2nd week the animals showed signs of severe illness, leading to death due to GVHD. There was also a higher percentage of complications in this group. In group 3, 65% of the animals died. However, 27% showed intact grafts and no signs of GVDH after 1 month, indicating that antibody pretreatment of the donor may successfully prevent GVHD SBT. PMID- 3252809 TI - Health for all: the way ahead. PMID- 3252810 TI - Health services: finding out what is wrong--and trying to put it right. PMID- 3252811 TI - Bringing leprosy into the open. PMID- 3252812 TI - Improving the quality of service in long-term care institutions for the elderly. PMID- 3252813 TI - Improving immunization coverage. PMID- 3252815 TI - Increasing the effectiveness of a latrines programme. PMID- 3252814 TI - Encouraging self-reliance in the fight against liver fluke. PMID- 3252816 TI - Towards decent housing for all. PMID- 3252817 TI - Low-cost water and sanitation: tasks for all the people. PMID- 3252818 TI - Low-cost sanitation for a squatter community. PMID- 3252819 TI - What can legislators do to combat AIDS? PMID- 3252820 TI - Education against AIDS. PMID- 3252822 TI - Problems in the wake of smallpox eradication. PMID- 3252821 TI - Towards improved action against AIDS. PMID- 3252823 TI - Prospects for measles eradication. PMID- 3252824 TI - Schoolteachers can get the immunization message across. PMID- 3252825 TI - Group health education against AIDS in rural Uganda. PMID- 3252826 TI - International academic collaboration for leadership development. PMID- 3252828 TI - Satellite technology for primary health care. PMID- 3252827 TI - The importance of preparing the ground for computerization. PMID- 3252829 TI - A shelter that saves mothers' lives. PMID- 3252830 TI - An initiative in medical education. PMID- 3252831 TI - Free services from the private sector. PMID- 3252832 TI - Teaching primary health care: a comprehensive approach. PMID- 3252833 TI - Improved training in primary health care: field follow-up essential. PMID- 3252834 TI - Good managers for good health services. PMID- 3252835 TI - Tomorrow's doctors in the making. PMID- 3252836 TI - For fuller utilization of health data. PMID- 3252837 TI - Guidelines for health workforce planners. PMID- 3252838 TI - How to make manuals for health workers. PMID- 3252839 TI - Working together for the chronically mentally disabled. PMID- 3252840 TI - Fulfilling the potential of traditional birth attendants. PMID- 3252841 TI - Industry and food safety. PMID- 3252842 TI - Costa Rica saves infants' lives. PMID- 3252843 TI - Maps that throw light on disease mortality. PMID- 3252844 TI - Patients: a health care resource. PMID- 3252845 TI - Lessons for the developed--from the Third World. PMID- 3252847 TI - Health, economics, politics and publicity. PMID- 3252846 TI - The open road to health. PMID- 3252848 TI - Primary health care and public policy. PMID- 3252849 TI - Pharmacists to the fore. PMID- 3252850 TI - Accidental pesticide poisoning: the toll is high. PMID- 3252851 TI - Acting in good time against the drug menace. PMID- 3252852 TI - Rabies: an old enemy that can be defeated. PMID- 3252853 TI - Laying foundations for improved care of the mentally ill. PMID- 3252854 TI - Judging doctor supply--market or health criteria? PMID- 3252856 TI - Nature's law for health: output depends on input. PMID- 3252855 TI - A defluoridator for individual households. PMID- 3252857 TI - Human ecology in the repertoire of health development. PMID- 3252858 TI - Health literature: a neglected resource. PMID- 3252859 TI - Integrated prevention of major chronic noncommunicable diseases. PMID- 3252860 TI - Tracing defaulters in immunization programmes. PMID- 3252862 TI - Health for all--the dream and the reality. PMID- 3252861 TI - Industry and food safety. PMID- 3252863 TI - Continuing medical education for physicians in isolated situations. PMID- 3252864 TI - Smoking and health in Benin. PMID- 3252865 TI - Female circumcision in Nigeria. PMID- 3252867 TI - Smallpox research. PMID- 3252866 TI - Community and government working together for health. PMID- 3252868 TI - Explaining reduced infant mortality in Costa Rica. PMID- 3252869 TI - Injuries to children can be avoided. PMID- 3252870 TI - Community financing of health care. PMID- 3252871 TI - The struggle to make ends meet. PMID- 3252873 TI - AIDS in the workplace. PMID- 3252872 TI - Better education for better health care. PMID- 3252874 TI - Depression and diabetic neuropathy: a complex relationship. AB - In a group of 64 non-insulin-dependent diabetic females, a significant positive correlation between Zung self-rated depression scores and objective measurements of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was limited to those women with Zung scores greater than 50 (depressed group, n = 12). In the overall group, there was no significant linear or quadratic relationship between peripheral neuropathy and depression scores. The associations between depression, peripheral neuropathy, and diabetes are discussed. PMID- 3252875 TI - A preliminary study of carbamazepine in the treatment of assaultive patients with dementia. AB - Carbamazepine was administered in an open pilot study to 13 patients with primary degenerative dementia characterized by aggressive and assaultive behavior refractory to conventional treatment. Tentatively, from this preliminary study, carbamazepine appears to have advantages in the treatment of assaultive patients with dementia. PMID- 3252876 TI - Clonazepam treatment of multi-infarct dementia. AB - A patient with multi-infarct dementia and associated hypomanic features was treated effectively with clonazepam to control logorrhea, hyperactivity, agitation, intrusiveness, and impulsive violence and to promote cooperation and manageability. Plausible mechanisms discussed include the ability of clonazepam to stimulate serotonin synthesis, to bind highly and specifically to the active benzodiazepine binding site, and to raise the seizure threshold. PMID- 3252877 TI - Frontal lobe syndrome and depression in old age. AB - Frontal systems disorder can easily be misdiagnosed as depression, since patients may present with similar symptoms. Two cases are reported that illustrate the confusing features of the two disorders. Characteristics that help differentiate frontal systems disorder from depression include: patients are apathetic rather than deeply depressed; personality changes are more dramatic than those that occur in depression; and insight and judgement are usually impaired. PMID- 3252878 TI - Senile macular degeneration and psychosis. AB - Two cases are reported in which visual hallucinations occurred in elderly patients after the development of senile macular degeneration, a condition that causes gradual loss of visual acuity with preservation of peripheral vision. The hallucinatory experiences are interpreted as delusional explanations for pathologically altered vision, rather than as psychological or physiological consequences of sensory deprivation. Ocular pathology should be considered in the evaluation of psychotic states in the elderly. PMID- 3252879 TI - Carbamazepine treatment of agitation associated with dementia. AB - Two patients with severe dementia and multiple medical problems but with no other psychiatric diagnoses were treated with carbamazepine for agitation. They tolerated the medication well and their behavior improved, consistent with carbamazepine's efficacy for agitation in other syndromes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. PMID- 3252880 TI - The psychological functions of genealogy in the aged. PMID- 3252881 TI - The Older Americans Resources and Services interview and the medically disabled elderly. AB - To determine which dimensions of the Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) would best predict the status of the medically disabled elderly, veteran inpatients, outpatients, and nonpatient volunteers were administered the multidimensional functional assessment portion of the OARS. To determine whether any of the OARS subscales would be related to age-related functional deficits in this population, serial learning and differential reaction time were also assessed in these three groups of participants. Inpatients showed significantly more impaired ratings on all five of the OARS subscales than the outpatients and nonpatients, while outpatients were more impaired than nonpatients on two of the subscales (mental health and activities of daily living). However, physical health and mental health were the only OARS subscales consistently related to serial learning and reaction time performance. These data provide information about the validity of the OARS when used to assess the medically disabled elderly, and suggest a profile of variables that may contribute to overall dysfunctioning in the medically disabled elderly person. PMID- 3252882 TI - Memory complaints and memory deficits in young and old psychiatric inpatients. AB - Memory complaints and memory deficits were investigated in 206 consecutively admitted psychiatric inpatients at the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital. Forty-five percent of patients over age 60 years and 29% of patients less than 60 years old had severe memory complaints. Patients with complaints of memory loss were no more likely than patients without such complaints to have a memory deficit. In patients over age 60 years, memory complaint was more common in depression than in dementing and amnestic disorders (73% v 43%), while in younger patients memory complaint was slightly more common in dementing and amnestic disorders than in depression (57% v 41%). Increasing age was significantly correlated with increasing likelihood of memory complaint for depressed patients but not for nondepressed patients. As a result of these findings, memory complaint was found to be a statistically significant marker for depression in the elderly (sensitivity = 73%, specificity = 75%) but not in younger patients. Our results confirm the clinical observation that memory complaints are a useful marker for depressed states in the elderly. PMID- 3252883 TI - Characteristics of elderly patients admitted for the first time to a psychiatric facility. AB - There has been little investigation of patients admitted to a psychiatric facility for the first time late in life. We therefore examined characteristics of a group of 100 consecutive patients over the age of 65, admitted for the first time to the psychiatric service of a private, university-affiliated hospital. Almost two thirds of these patients received a primary discharge diagnosis of major depression, while another one fourth received a diagnosis of dementia. Patients with dementia were significantly older and more likely to be men. The frequency of dementia climbed with each decile affecting 15% of those less than 75 years, 39% of those 75 to 84, and 47% of those over age 85. Thirty-six percent of all patients were psychotic on admission, including 28% of those with major depression and 48% of those with dementia. Visual hallucinations were significantly more common in the group with dementia. In turn, eye disease was significantly more common in those with visual hallucinations. Nine patients were admitted with a history of recent assaultive behavior. Four of these were psychotic and eight of nine were demented. Five patients had attempted suicide prior to their admission. All were diagnosed as having major depression. PMID- 3252884 TI - Successful treatment of acquired Tourettism and major depression. AB - The authors report a successfully treated case of an 81-year-old man with acquired Tourettism and secondary depression. Organic causes of acquired Tourettism are reviewed and treatment strategies are discussed. PMID- 3252886 TI - Aging and exercise. American Running and Fitness Association. PMID- 3252885 TI - Elderly women who want to live alone: lessons learned. AB - Housing programs should be designed to meet the personal and interpersonal needs of the growing number of older people in the population. Our understanding of these needs is based on our understanding of "normal aging," or more appropriately what makes for successful aging. Attention to what is required for that success and for quality of life is essential. It is offered that respect for individuality, autonomy, and control is central to the maintenance of identity and integrity. Attention paid to the positive poles of Erickson's view of identity in the life cycle would serve to reinforce and maintain both identity and the quality of life. Our most difficult patients, elderly women who want to live alone, have much to teach us about the struggle of the elderly to maintain a sense of self. PMID- 3252887 TI - Clinical characterization of Alzheimer's disease: reliability of 'age at onset' and a new descriptor, 'age at shift'. AB - To determine the interrater reliability of clinical descriptors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we assessed the degree of agreement among four clinicians who rated 21 patients during a longitudinal study. Despite variability in response patterns, degree of agreement for determining age at onset of dementia was statistically significant (P less than 0.005). We also found significant agreement (P less than 0.0001) among three clinicians for the clinical descriptor, "age at shift" from questionable to probable AD, according to the National Institutes of Health Consensus Criteria. These data demonstrate that both retrospective and prospective descriptors can be reliably determined in the clinical assessment of AD. PMID- 3252888 TI - Identifying persistent adverse effects of anticholinergic drugs in the elderly. AB - Investigations on the symptoms associated with the use of anticholinergic medications by elderly patients demonstrated that these medications are frequently associated with persistent adverse effects that may go unrecognized by both patients and physicians. An increase in autonomic symptoms was readily demonstrated in a group of elderly outpatients taking anticholinergics. Cognitive effects, however, were not apparent, possibly due to the heterogeneity of the populations studied. A parallel study did, however, demonstrate an association between anticholinergic medications and slowing of EEG background frequency. Findings on the relationship between EEG background frequency and cognitive measures suggest the possible value of the combined use of psychological and electrophysiological measures for identifying patients who require further evaluation of their medication regimen. PMID- 3252889 TI - An archival study of depression before and after age 55. AB - In this archival study, 58 patients with unipolar depression who were 55 years of age or older were compared to 155 depressed control patients age 54 years or less. The older patients with unipolar depression had a significantly worse outcome, with only 51.7% experiencing a period of full remission during follow up. Medical disorders were common, and older depressed patients showed a clear excess of cardiovascular disorders. Clinical symptoms did not separate the two groups, with the exception of psychomotor retardation and agitation. Electroconvulsive therapy was associated with less continuous hospitalization and an overall superior outcome. PMID- 3252890 TI - Propranolol for the control of disruptive behavior in senile dementia. AB - Six patients with senile dementia, exhibiting severe, disruptive behavior were effectively treated with propranolol in doses ranging from 80 mg per day to 560 mg per day. All six patients were given a trial of propranolol after conventional therapy had failed, and in all patients, the agitated behavior significantly improved. There were no adverse side effects requiring the discontinuation of the propranolol, and in all cases, the agitated behavior was controlled without inducing general sedation. Both the nursing home staff and the families were pleased with the therapeutic effects. Propranolol represents a possible alternative way of addressing the severe problem of agitated behavior in senile dementia patients. PMID- 3252891 TI - Visual manifestations of occipital lobe infarction in three patients on a geriatric psychiatry unit. AB - The authors present three cases of hospitalized patients on a geriatric psychiatry floor who were found to have previously undiagnosed occipital lobe infarctions associated with visual manifestations. The manifestations discussed are visual field defects, visual hallucinations, and color anomia. The incidence of undiagnosed occipital lobe infarctions and the contribution of these infarctions to visual perception changes in this patient population are unknown. The authors suggest that for patients who present with visual perception changes, a high index of suspicion for occipital lobe infarction should be maintained. Careful visual field testing is an essential part of the admitting work-up for hospitalized geriatric patients. PMID- 3252893 TI - Association-dissociation and denaturation-renaturation of high-molecular-weight protein: carmin from safflower seed (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in alkaline solution. AB - The effect of alkaline pH on the association, dissociation, and denaturation of carmin, the high-molecular-weight protein from safflower seed was investigated in the pH range 7-12, using various biophysical techniques. The results indicate that the multimeric protein carmin dissociates at pH 8.0 where denaturation has not set in. The association-dissociation of the protein can be represented schematically as 11S in equilibrium 7S in equilibrium 4S----2S. Above pH 10, the protein undergoes simultaneous dissociation and denaturation. The denaturation process appears to be complete at approximately pH 12.5. The protein undergoes conformational change and covalent modifications and cleavage during the denaturation process. A reversibility study shows that the process of dissociation is reversible to a large extent, whereas denaturation appears to be irreversible. These results are discussed in terms of association-dissociation, denaturation and alkaline-catalyzed covalent modifications and cleavage of seed proteins. PMID- 3252894 TI - Role of the N-terminal region of the A chain in beta 1-bungarotoxin from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus (Taiwan-banded krait). AB - The N-terminal alpha-amino groups of beta 1-bungarotoxin (beta 1-Bgt) from Bungarus multicinctus venom were modified with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and the modified derivative was separated by high performance liquid chromatography. The trinitrophenylated (TNP) derivative contained two TNP groups at the alpha amino groups of A chain and B chain and showed a marked decrease in enzymatic activity. Methionine residues at positions 6 and 8 of the A chain were oxidized with chloramine T or cleaved with cyanogen bromide to remove the N-terminal octapeptide. Oxidation of methionine residues and removal of the N-terminal octapeptide caused a precipitous decrease in enzymatic activity, whereas antigenicity remained unchanged. The presence of dihexanoyllecithin influenced the interaction between beta 1-Bgt and 8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) and revealed that beta 1-Bgt consists of two types of ANS-binding sites, one at the substrate binding site of the A chain and the other might be at the B chain. The modified derivatives still retained their affinity for Ca2+ and ANS, indicating that the N-terminal region is not involved in Ca2+ and substrate binding. A fluorescence study revealed that the alpha-amino group of the A chain was in the vicinity of substrate binding site and that the TNP alpha-amino groups were in proximity to Trp-19 of the A chain. In addition, the study showed that the N terminal region is important for stabilizing the architectural environment of Trp 19. The results, together with the proposal that Trp-19 of the A chain is involved in substrate binding, suggest that the N-terminal region of the A chain plays a crucial role in maintaining a functional active site for beta 1-Bgt. PMID- 3252895 TI - Design and beam characteristics of the Siemens Stabilipan Orthovoltage Unit for intraoperative radiation therapy. AB - A 250 KVP Siemens Stabilipan Orthovoltage Therapy machine has been permanently installed in a new operating suite for delivery of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). A discussion of the choice of effective energy and half-value layer (HVL), as well as description of the physical aspects of the treatment system including applicator design, radiation data, dosimetry and radiation shielding of the OR suite will be presented. PMID- 3252896 TI - Prostate localization for the treatment planning of prostate cancer: a comparison of two techniques. AB - Two methods for localizing prostatic tissue for radiotherapy treatment planning are compared. The first method, using placement of gold "seed" in the urogenital diaphragm, is shown by CT scanning to accurately mark the prostatic apex. The other technique, in use at the Cross Cancer Institute for the past 18 months, employs a more rapid, less invasive method of retrograde contrast instillation. Both techniques yield equally precise localization of the prostate for subsequent treatment planning. PMID- 3252892 TI - Egg-white and blood-serum proteins functioning by noncovalent interactions: studies by chemical modification and comparative biochemistry. AB - Some of the more interesting and important proteins are those that function by forming associations or complexes with other substances. The structure-function relationships of three of these with very different substances are transferrins, which chelate metal ions; avian ovomucoids, which form complexes with proteolytic enzymes; and antifreeze glycoproteins, which interact at the ice-solution interface. Interrelating studies on the comparative biochemistry with studies using chemical modification have helped identify the side-chain groups of the proteins involved in function as well as to be useful for studies on general protein chemistry. The most strongly associated interaction is the chelation of iron by transferrin, with an association constant of approximately 10(21); tyrosines, histidines, and sometimes aspartate are involved. For ovomucoids, individual substratelike residues such as lysine are involved in a Michaelis-like complex, and association constants are as high as 10(10). By contrast, the antifreeze glycoproteins appear to function by a polymeric interaction at the surface of ice, with a much weaker association. PMID- 3252897 TI - Island custom blocking technique. AB - The technique of Island blocking is being used more frequently since the advent of our new head and neck blocking techniques and the implementation of a newly devised lung protocol. The system presented affords the mould room personnel a quick and accurate means of island block fabrication without the constant remeasuring or subtle shifting to approximate correct placement. The "cookie cutter" is easily implemented into any department's existing block cutting techniques. The device is easily and inexpensively made either in a machine shop or acquired by contacting the author. PMID- 3252898 TI - Procedures for radioactive I-125 seed implants. AB - Typical safety procedures and guidelines for the use of radioactive I-125 seed implant are presented. Topics covered include: Physical properties, management and planning of I-125, source logging, source transportation, source accounting during and after implant, room monitoring, recording, dosimetry films, nursing procedures, discharge of patient. These guidelines have been found to be of practical value for personnel involved with the implant to ensure compliance with the regulations, but are not necessarily the only procedures that could be utilized. PMID- 3252899 TI - Standard compensators for ENT therapy fields. AB - Radiotherapy of the ENT region is frequently applied through two parallel opposed, lateral fields covering a volume from the maxillary sinus to the base of the neck, with the isocentre close to the angle of the mandible. The large variation in separation throughout this volume, in both the transverse and the coronal planes, leads to field inhomogeneities which are often resolved by the use of custom designed, two-dimensional compensators. This paper presents an alternative method of compensation using a set of one-dimensional, standard compensators applied in the coronal plane which, in conjunction with a wedge in the transverse plane, yields a uniform distribution throughout the treatment volume for the majority of patient configurations. The advantages of this technique are the immediate availability of a computerised treatment plan incorporating the compensator, an increase in the dose homogeneity obtainable over that without compensation and the elimination of any delay which may be incurred by the design and fabrication of custom made compensators. PMID- 3252900 TI - The use of posterior wedge portals as an alternative to tissue compensators. AB - In a regional oncology center, where the patient census makes routine construction of tissue compensators prohibitive, a simple alternative can be successfully implemented. In this instance, a posterior wedge is used to alter isodose levels. This allows us to minimize critical structure doses, and optimize tumor dose levels. The following chest isodose distribution is presented for discussion. PMID- 3252901 TI - Procedures for radioactive I-131. AB - Details of the radioactive I-131 administration and radiation safety considerations are presented. Topics covered include patient survey, radioactive labelling, levels in patients containing radioactivity, hospital discharge of radioactive patients, and nursing procedures. PMID- 3252902 TI - Heat shock proteins in the moderately halophilic bacterium Deleya halophila: protective effect of high salt concentration against thermal shock. AB - The moderately halophilic eubacterium Deleya halophila grown in medium containing 1 M or 2.5 M NaCl was heat-shocked at various temperatures and the electrophoretic patterns of pulse-labelled proteins were examined. Several polypeptides were induced (heat shock proteins, or hsp) at all temperatures. However, the level of induction of some hsp was dependent on the severity of the thermal shock as well as the salt concentration of the growth medium. Time course studies revealed that synthesis of some of the hsp was transient when cells were grown in 1 M NaCl, while growth at 2.5 M NaCl resulted in the synthesis of most of the hsp at almost maximal level for at least 60 min following temperature shift-up. When cells were returned to normal growth temperature (30 degrees C) after a heat shock treatment (47 degrees C for 5 min), normal protein synthesis resumed faster when cells were grown in 1 M than in 2.5 M NaCl. During the recovery period, several major hsp appeared to be synthesized at near maximal level at both salt concentrations. PMID- 3252903 TI - GC content of DNA of Campylobacter pylori and other species belonging or related to the genus Campylobacter. AB - DNA of type strain Campylobacter pylori NCTC 11637 and 32 other strains of C. pylori recovered from gastric biopsy specimens was examined by thermal denaturation for its guanine-plus-cytosine (GC) content. The GC content of strain NCTC 11637 was 35.6 mol % (standard deviation (SD) 0.3), and the GC content of the 32 other C. pylori strains ranged from 34.1 to 37.5 mol % (average value 35.2, SD 1.0). A total of 14 type strains of other Campylobacter and Wolinella species were included in this study and the results obtained were compared with those cited in the literature. PMID- 3252904 TI - Effect of growth on surface charge and hydrophobicity of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Modifications in the surface charge and hydrophobicity of Staphylococcus aureus Oxford during growth were studied by analysing electrophoretic mobility and adherence to hydrocarbons (hexadecane), respectively. Bacterial concentration had no effect upon the measurements. Both surface charge and hydrophobicity varied during the exponential phase of growth (1 to 4 h): surface charge decreased significantly (p less than 0.001), while hydrophobicity increased (p less than 0.001). In the stationary phase (4 to 9 h), the surface charge increased significantly (p less than 0.001), whereas hydrophobicity showed no change. Cationized ferritin decreased the surface charge and had no effect on hydrophobicity. These results suggest that in S. aureus, different structures could be responsible for their surface charge and hydrophobic properties. PMID- 3252906 TI - An evaluation of allozyme amino acid substitutions for the study of molecular relationships in Providencia strains. AB - Through analysis of molecular relationships in terms of amino acid substitutions, intra- and interspecies differentiations in Providencia alcalifaciens, P. stuartii and P. rustigianii were evaluated among the electrophoretic variants of three enzymes, L-malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and esterase-beta a, chosen for their distinct pattern of polymorphism. For each enzyme, molecular relatedness among variants defined by two-dimensional electrophoretic profiles was examined through protein titration curves. P. stuartii strains appeared identical to each other and P. rustigianii strains were closely related, whereas the division of P. alcalifaciens strains into previously described zymotypes A1 and A2 was refined in molecular terms. A gradient of molecular interrelatedness between the species was observed for the three enzyme loci: with L-malate dehydrogenase, the three species appeared very closely related; with acid phosphatase, P. stuartii and P. alcalifaciens were more closely related to each other than to P. rustigianii; with esterase-beta a, P. alcalifaciens and P. stuartii appeared partially related, whereas no such relatedness was observed between these two species and P. rustigianii. PMID- 3252905 TI - Regulation of coenzyme A transferase and acetoacetate decarboxylase activities in Clostridium acetobutylicum. AB - The activity of two enzymes involved in acetone production in Clostridium acetobutylicum, acetoacetate decarboxylase and coenzyme A transferase, was studied under acidogenic or solventogenic conditions. Acetoacetate decarboxylase activity was low under acidogenic conditions and after pyruvate addition. Under the same conditions, coenzyme A transferase activity was high. A mutant which lacked acetoacetate decarboxylase activity but was positive for coenzyme A transferase activity was isolated. PMID- 3252908 TI - If I had non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3252907 TI - Absence of Listeria species in lower animals. PMID- 3252909 TI - Pre-operative explanation--a task for general practitioners? PMID- 3252910 TI - Medication for the elderly: what do patients know? PMID- 3252911 TI - Therapeutic milestones. Monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3252912 TI - Intersigmoid hernia. PMID- 3252913 TI - Unusual presentations of fractured mitral valve prostheses. PMID- 3252914 TI - Clostridial myonecrosis: a presenting feature in carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 3252915 TI - Physico-chemical and microstructural changes in collagen fiber bundles following stretch in-vitro. AB - Simultaneous measurements of load, deformation and diameter were performed on stretched collagen fiber bundle from rat tail tendon using a dynamic, electronically controlled stretch system and a novel computer based electroptical set-up. A parallel analysis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration in the bathing solution was carried out to determine whether stretching affects GAG exudation from the bundle. Results show that the bundle diameter does change under stretch in a manner which depends on strain and time. The diameter decreases with time under constant axial strain, implying loss of fluid from the structure. Results of GAG analysis showed that stretching accelerate their exucation to the external bath. The data from cyclic stretch tests show that low (0.5%) strain produces monotonically decreasing diameter from cycle to cycle. Yet at higher strain level (4%) under sufficiently long rest periods between cycles, the diameter increases monotonically with cycling to above its original level, implying damage to restraining elements in the bundle which maintain its structural integrity. Simultaneous load and diameter data show mutually different trends, indicating that variation in the bundle's hydration (diameter) in itself does not have a significant effect on the bundle's axial response. PMID- 3252917 TI - Increased size and biconcavity in red blood cells of obese-hyperglycaemic mice. AB - Blood from non-inbred obese-hyperglycaemic ob/ob-mice or normoglycaemic controls was fixed in glutaraldehyde and embedded in plastic on glass slides. In vertically oriented red blood cells (RBCs) the diameter, central thickness, and toroidal thickness were measured at the diametrical cross section. For each RBC, the area, volume, and cross-sectional profile were calculated and used to analyze the mechanical properties of the corpuscle. In both types of mice, the diameter correlated positively with the central thickness and negatively with the toroidal thickness, suggesting a variation not only in size but also in biconcavity; the smaller the diameter, the more biconcave the disc. However, ob/ob-mouse RBCs were both larger and more biconcave than those in control mice. These differences in size and shape are suggested to explain why ob/ob-mouse RBCs exhibit a decreased deformability in filtration experiments. PMID- 3252916 TI - A cone and plate viscometer for the continuous measurement of blood platelet activation. AB - A cone and plate viscometer was modified to permit the continuous study of platelet response during shear stress exposure times on the order of one second to 180 seconds. Platelets may be stimulated by uniform, controlled shear stress alone or with the addition of chemical platelet agonists. The time course of platelet aggregation is interpreted from alterations in the apparent optical density of the platelet suspension. The rate and extent of platelet dense granule release is estimated from the intensity of the luminescent reaction of platelet released ATP with firefly luciferase and luciferin. Intracellular calcium ion concentration is determined as a function of shear exposure time through the fluorescence intensity of indo-1(5-), a membrane-permeant pentacarboxylate calcium ion chelator. PMID- 3252918 TI - Particle interaction effects on blood cell sedimentation and separations. AB - Experiments with a continuous centrifuge reveal that the separation of leukocytes (WBCs) and platelets from erythrocytes (RBCs) is maximized at a lower than normal RBC concentration or hematocrit (HCT). Conventional hindered settling models are unsatisfactory in the explanation of this behavior because they do not adequately account for differences in cell size, density, deformability and electrical charge on the membrane surface. In this paper a new approach is taken where an effective porosity is used to account for the differences in the micro environment of each particle type. Introduction of effective porosities into various sedimentation equations is useful in allowing better prediction of the optimum separation conditions observed in experimental data. Further adjustment of parameters is necessary for some models to shift optimums in settling curves to align with experimental trends. PMID- 3252919 TI - Cell separation in the buffy coat. AB - One of the most rapid methods to determine cell counts in whole blood is by way of layer thickness measurements of the buffy coat. The purpose of this study was to determine the separation and purity of blood cells in the different layers of the buffy coat. Blood samples were centrifuged at 10,000 g in microhematocrit tubes with an inserted float to expand the buffy coat region. Whole blood from normal laboratory individuals separates by density into four regions: platelets, a layer of lymphocyte and monocytes, granulocytes and erythrocytes. A thin band of highly swollen red cells was discovered between the buffy coat layers of many normal volunteers and patients. Stereological analysis of electron micrographs showed that mixing of formed elements within the layers is less than 2% with the exception of some erythrocytes, which can make up a higher volume fraction in the lymphocyte/monocyte and granulocyte layers. The red cell column contains about 95.7% erythrocytes and is depleted of platelets and leukocytes. In approximately 5% of hospital blood samples, the granulocyte-erythrocyte interface was feathered and undetectable, and a significantly higher volume fraction of red cells was found among the granulocytes. Cell mass density determinations indicate that the erythrocytes in these abnormal granulocyte layers have a lowered mass density, overlapping with that of the granulocytes. PMID- 3252920 TI - Developing red cell flow orientation shown by changes in blood reflectivity. AB - The rate of onset of erythrocyte flow orientation at normal concentration has not previously been established. Reflectivity of blood and resuspended non-aggregated red cells at normal (41%) and elevated (60%) hematocrit has been used to examine this process. Video recordings were made before, during, and after shearing by bob motion in a cylinder-in-cylinder viscometer at shear rates ranging from 4 to 100 inverse seconds. Unaggregated erythrocytes in PBS, already more reflective than blood before shearing, became even more reflective during shearing even at the lowest shear rate studied. The time required for the increased reflectivity to stabilize was observed to be inversely proportional to shear rate for both blood and resuspended red cells. Reflection became constant after a total shear strain (bob shear rate x time) from 4 to 10 at all shear rates studied. Onset of increased reflection expressed in total shear strain units (an index of overall bob movement) was independent of shear rate in the absence of aggregation. When red cells were studied in native plasma, reflectivity increased as much as 30% during shearing, but always remained below unaggregated red cell reflectivity for the same hematocrit and shear rate. Greater reflectivity of unaggregated red cells persisted after cessation of shearing, while blood's reflectivity dropped progressively over several seconds to its pre-shearing value. The geometry chosen for study and insensitivity to light source composition indicate that specular reflection by red cells near the cup's inner surface is responsible for the increased light return during flow. Maximal rate of rise in reflectivity at all shear rates studied was observed to coincide with blood's previously reported transient shear stress overshoot and to correspond with an overall bob motion that would rotate suspended particles approximately 45 degrees. The close relation of both reflectivity increase and shear stress overshoot to such modest overall bob movement indicates that an efficient flow-mediated rotation of either individual or aggregated erythrocytes from initially random positions toward an orientation in the shear plane characterizes flow onset. PMID- 3252921 TI - Model study on the strain and stress distributions in the vicinity of an arterial stenosis. AB - By the evaluation of the strain and stress distributions in the vicinity of a stenosis, it is suggested that the bending moment generated by the axial force acting on a stenosis is one of the causes of the post-stenotic dilatation. The conditions which enhance this bending moment are investigated and it is expected that the present mechanism is specially effective for the artery where the ratio of wall thickness to radius is very small. Lastly, the concrete numerical value of this bending moment is evaluated and it is shown that the bending moment generated by this mechanism is large enough to cause the post-stenotic dilatation. PMID- 3252922 TI - Theory and design of disposable clinical blood viscometer. AB - A disposable clinical whole blood viscometer which can produce viscosity measures over a wide range of shear rates in a single rapid determination has been developed and is currently under test. The design is based upon the time varying flow of blood through a capillary. The flow is driven by the pressure in a fixed volume air chamber and transmitted to the sample through a compliant membrane. The time varying pressure in the air chamber is measured by a suitable transducer. The instantaneous shear stress of the blood in the capillary is proportional to the air pressure, while the instantaneous shear rate is proportional to the pressure-time derivative. Proper design ensures that the system operates as a first order dynamic system with flow resistance entirely determined by the nonlinear sample viscosity. By constructing the air chamber in two parts coupled by a quick disconnect fitting the design can allow for the blood-containing part of the instrument to be discarded, eliminating handling and cleaning of blood contacted components. The entire determination is completed in less than a minute, so that anticoagulants are not necessary. Tests on a prototype show that the instrument gives results in excellent agreement with those obtained on a cone-plate rheogoniometer. PMID- 3252923 TI - Two-layered blood flow in stenosed tubes for different diseases. AB - A two-fluid model for blood flow through a stenosed tube has been developed. The model consists of a core (suspension of RBCs) and peripheral plasma layer. The core is assumed to be represented by a polar fluid and the plasma layer by a Newtonian fluid. The flow is assumed to be steady and laminar, and the fluids incompressible. The flow variables are computed for normal blood and for the cases of polycythemia, plasma cell dyscrasias and for Hb SS diseases. Resistance to flow has been computed for different stenosis length and for different stenosis height. Shear stress distribution along the axial distance has been computed for different stenosis height. The impact of size effects (particle size to tube diameter) on blood diseases is discussed. PMID- 3252924 TI - Reference ranges of viscoelasticity of human blood. AB - From 204 presumably healthy volunteers 113 (56 women, 57 men) were accepted as reference population for viscoelastic parameters of blood by medical history, physical examination and more than 20 laboratory controls. To avoid bias through processing or calculating, the reference ranges of human whole blood viscoelasticity were given at their native packed cell volumes (see figure 2). The ranges of normal plasma viscosity were determined as 1.16 to 1.41 mPas with the median of 1.31 mPas. The rheological parameters tested are independent of age and gender. PMID- 3252925 TI - A continuum theory of blood cells filtration at low flow rates. AB - Blood cells filtration with decreasing pressure under gravity was studied for evaluation of the cell fluidity or deformability at a low shear state. A continuum approach was made to the flow and pressure in the filter at the low flow state to relate macro- and micro-scopic quantities. The mass conservation law of each species provided a set of differential equations with respect to the pore fraction and filter resistance. The numerical calculation was made for various values of hematocrit and leukocrit. It was shown that the filter resistance might be increased with decreasing pressure, resulting from both red and white cells. The leukocrit, more than 0.05% white cells, may influence the filtration, depending upon the cell deformation. Even in the absence of the white cell, a decrease in pressure increased the filter resistance markedly. The present result indicates that single red cell shows a nonlinear behavior of flow in pores at the low pressure level. PMID- 3252926 TI - Determination of erythrocyte transit times through micropores. I--Basic operational principles. AB - To study the transit times of each red blood cell passing through cylindrical micropores and in order to evaluate sub-population of cells with regard to their deformability, we have developed a new system called the cell transit time analyser (CTTA). By using an AC voltage (100 KHz) across a special filter, we measure the electrical conductance change produced by the cells passing through the pores under a known driving pressure. This computer based device provides the distribution of transit times tau for 2000 cells in 1 minute and as a result the mean transit time [tau]. Experiments with red cells were designed to evaluate the flow behavior of both normal cells and cells whose mechanical properties were artificially altered. Cell volume was changed by use of non-isotonic media. Cell shape and cell volume were modified by varying the pH of the suspending buffer. Results of these experiments are: 1) a skew distribution of transit times towards high tau values for both control cells and artificially altered cells is observed: 2) [tau] is minimum for isotonic conditions and increases sharply for either hypotonic or hypertonic media: 3) [tau] is minimum at physiological pH and increases for either acid or alcaline changes of pH. PMID- 3252927 TI - Determination of erythrocyte transit times through micropores. II-- Influence of experimental and physicochemical factors. AB - A new red blood cell filtration system, termed the Cell Transit Time Analyzer (CTTA), has been developed in order to measure the individual transit times of a large number of cells through cylindrical micropores in special "oligopore" filters: the system operates on the electrical conductometric principle and employs special computer software to provide several measures of the resulting transit time histogram. Using this system with filters having pore diameters of 4.5 or 5.0 cm and length to diameter ratios of 3.0 to 4.7, we have evaluated the effects of several experimental factors on the flow behavior of normal and modified human RBC. Our results indicate : 1) linear PBC pressure - flow behavior over a driving pressure range of 2 to 10.5 cm H2O with zero velocity intercepts at delta P = 0, thus suggesting the Poiseuille - like nature of the flow; 2) resistance to flow or "apparent viscosities" for normal RBC which are between 3.1 to 3.9 cPoise and are independent of driving pressure and pore geometry; 3) increased flow resistance (i.e., increased transit times) for old versus young RBC and for RBC made less deformable by DNP-induced crenation or by heat treatment at 48 degrees C; 4) increased mean transit time and poorer reproducibility when using EDTA rather than heparin as the anticoagulant agent. Further, using mixtures of heat-treated and normal RBC and various percentile values of the transit time histogram. We have been able to demonstrate the presence of sub-populations of rigid cells and thus the value of measurements which allow statistical analyses of RBC populations. PMID- 3252928 TI - The RBC morphological dependence of the RBC disaggregability. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the red blood cell (RBC) disaggregability dependence upon the RBC shape. The study concentrated on stored blood during bank storage and on suspensions of artificially induced echinocytes. Measurements was performed in autologous plasma of hematocrit 0.45 and at constant plasmatic content. Rheological studies using stationary viscometry, nonstationary viscometry and rheoscopy were made in order to assess different stages of the disaggregability process. Whatever the method of measurement used, the morphological interpretation of the results reveal that beyond 75% of echinocytes within the sample, the disaggregation process is altered. The shear stresses required to dissociate the echinocyte aggregates are significantly higher than those required to disaggregate normal RBC rouleaux. PMID- 3252929 TI - A model for mucus glycoprotein structure. Comparison with submaxillary mucins. PMID- 3252930 TI - Report and abstracts of the 4th National Symposium on Hemorheology. November 1987, Kuhlungsborn, German Dem. Rep. PMID- 3252931 TI - Cardiac effects of phytic acid induced high P50 with free and limited coronary blood flow. AB - A blood preparation with a large increase in P50, obtained by a new technique to encapsulate inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) in erythrocytes was evaluated on an isolated heart model. Each heart was alternatively perfused with control stored human blood (P50 = 2.12.+/- 0.9 mmHg) and IHP-treated human blood (P50 = 42.5 +/- 9.33 mmHg). Changes of perfusates were performed when coronary blood flow (CBF) was free and adapted to a constant perfusion pressure (FREE CBF). Changes of perfusates were also performed at a constant but restricted CBF corresponding to 55% of basal value (RESTRICTED CBF). Both bloods were oxygenated and equilibrated to achieve the same acid-base balance, arterial PO2 and O2 content. When CBF was not restricted, switching from control blood to IHP-treated blood, induced a decrease in CBF (-23%), an increase in coronary sinus PO2 (57%) and a decrease in coronary sinus O2 content associated with an increase in myocardial O2 consumption (14%). These metabolic changes were associated with a decrease in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDevP) (-15%) and its maximal positive derivative (-12%). When CBF was restricted, switching from control blood to IHP treated blood, induced an increase in perfusion pressure (59%). This vasoconstriction was associated with the same changes in the blood gas measurements as those observed when CBF was not restricted, while LVDevP increased significantly (7%). It is concluded that the beneficial effects on myocardial metabolism from the increase in P50 with IHP, are lessened by the cardiodepressive effect of the blood preparation which is predominant when CBF is not restricted. PMID- 3252932 TI - Hypoosmotic dialysis and ultrafiltration technique for preparation of mammalian hemoglobin: a comparison of three species. AB - Dialysis of human, bovine, and ovine red blood cells using a hypotonic solution and a commercial kidney dialysis unit, followed by ultrafiltration through 0.1 micron pore hollow-fibers provides an easily managed method for isolation of lipid-free hemoglobin (LFHB). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of hemoglobin indicated 99% protein purity. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that LFHB migrates as a single band. Processing one-half liter of packed red blood cells requires approximately 10 hours and resulting in an average of 93% hemoglobin recovery. PMID- 3252933 TI - In vitro studies with selectively lipid adsorbing materials. AB - A new synthetic material was developed by ASAHI Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. In vitro studies revealed selective bindings of cholesterol, LDL (low density lipids) and beta-lipoprotein by this material. Maximal bindings were reached within 1 min, and therefore, the affinities of the LDL-adsorbent to these lipid components seem to be high. In contrast to these results the plasma values of HDL (high density lipids) and apoprotein A remained nearly unchanged. Triglycerides were removed only moderately. Investigations about lipid removing capacity of the new material with the plasma of patient with familiar hypercholesterolemia and studies about interactions with the complement system were also promising. Synthetic materials which are under development in G.D.R. showed similar lipid binding capacities. PMID- 3252934 TI - Some results of hemosorption columns development and usage in Czechoslovakia. AB - Hemoperfusion columns packed with active charcoal and a synthetic resin have been manufactured in Czechoslovakia since 1983. In both cases the sorption packings are coated with a layer of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The columns are manufactured in two sizes: for adults (800 ml) and for children (400 ml). The manufacturer is OPS Kolin: the number of columns manufactured so far is 3400. PMID- 3252935 TI - FTIR-ATR spectra of protein A immobilized on to functionalized polypropylene membranes by gaseous plasma of oxygen and of anhydrous ammonia. AB - Polypropylene membranes were treated in a gaseous plasma of oxygen or anhydrous ammonia, in order to add hydroxyl groups (oxygen plasma) or amino groups (ammonia plasma) on their surfaces. The presence of these functional groups was detected by FTIR-ATR spectrometry. The FTIR-ATR spectrum of free Protein A was recorded and absorption bands for amide I and amide II at 1650 cm-1 and 1552 cm-1 were identified. The surfaces of immobilized Protein A on to hydroxylated polypropylene membranes and on to polypropylene membranes having amino groups, were characterized by FTIR-ATR spectrometry. The presence of amide I and amide II absorption bands confirmed the immobilization of Protein A on to functionalized polypropylene membranes by gaseous plasma modification. PMID- 3252936 TI - Structure and transport properties of the Ultracell membrane for hemodialysis. AB - Particular features of structure and transport properties of a new Soviet-made hydrate cellulose membrane Ultracell have been studied. The membrane has a structure of a swollen gel with well defined macropores that ensures high effectiveness in convectional transport of substances across the membrane. In view of the above the Ultracell membrane may be used both for conventional hemodialysis and also for hemodialysis with simultaneous or consecutive ultrafiltration aimed at removing the excessive water and metabolites with middle molecular weight. PMID- 3252937 TI - Bilirubin removal by anion exchange resin in post-operative liver failure. PMID- 3252938 TI - Plasma nucleic acid adsorption on charcoal sorbents in patients with leukemia. AB - The study employing labelled precursors of nucleic acids with their double-strand structure was identified by bromide ethidium. In addition, the application of hemocarboperfusion revealed active and irreversible adsorption of nucleic acids and nucleoproteids from ascitic fluid of mice with NKLy leukemia and from plasma of leukemia patients. PMID- 3252939 TI - Combined treatment of immune nephropathies with plasmapheresis and immunosuppressants. AB - The treatment of patients with immune nephropthies is discussed: rapidly progressive nephritis, lupus nephropathy, Wegener granulomatosis, Goodpasture syndrome, Schonlein-Henoch nephritis. A combined treatment of plasmapheresis and immunosuppressants is applied. A definite result, specially with the cases of Wegener granulomatosis, is registered for certain number of the patients. Together with the usual tests: CIC, immunoglobulins, complement, etc. a method for controlling of the detoxic efficiency of the treatment is suggested. This is a biologic method- the level of paramecium caudatum in media from patients' plasma is registered in relation to time. After plasmapheresis the life of paramecium caudatum is considerably prolonged. PMID- 3252940 TI - Electrochemical processes at the carbon sorbent/biological fluid interface. AB - At the carbon material/electrolyte interface there is a potential jump due to adsorbed oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl ions. The formation of such a potential imparts oxidizing properties to carbon when they are in contact with biological fluids. The kinetics of carbon potential formation has been investigated, the peculiarities of polarization of carbons by an external electric field and their ability to effect the electrooxidation of some blood metabolistes have been determined. An electrochemical model for blood damage by carbon sorbents is proposed. PMID- 3252941 TI - Koro-like syndrome in Maltese subject on the basis of chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 3252942 TI - Problem of heart rhythm disturbances in seafarers. PMID- 3252943 TI - Etiology of cardiac arrhythmias in seafarers. PMID- 3252944 TI - Screening of deep-sea fishermen for cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3252945 TI - Psychical and adaptive mechanisms in seasickness. PMID- 3252946 TI - Calenture--a psychopathological syndrome of a long-lasting sea voyage. PMID- 3252947 TI - Many-year observation of the circulatory system in the selected groups of harbour workers with the Minnesota Code 1982 employed. PMID- 3252948 TI - Analysis of the reasons and circumstances of traumas and accidents on passenger vessel. PMID- 3252949 TI - Evaluation of the exposure to acoustic factor action on ro-ro vessel during an operating voyage. PMID- 3252950 TI - A device designed for investigations into localized muscles fatigue on muscles statically loaded. PMID- 3252951 TI - The use of Chromosorb 102 to air samples pre-concentration in the determination of low concentrated dibutylphthalate. PMID- 3252952 TI - Faunistic-ecological studies on the ectoparasites of the small mammals caught in the natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis virus in the region of Gdansk. PMID- 3252953 TI - [Chemoreceptor control of ventilation in rats: the particular case of almitrine dimesylate]. PMID- 3252954 TI - [The use of nano-particles for the vectorization of antibiotic and antineoplastic drugs]. PMID- 3252955 TI - [Are the so-called "delayed-action" oral drugs reliable?]. PMID- 3252956 TI - Characterization of the antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody 1D3. AB - Human ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma-associated antigen recognized by murine monoclonal antibody 1D3 (Bhattacharya et al., 1982) was characterized. Gel filtration and sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by Western-blot analysis showed that 1D3 is a high molecular weight glycoprotein. Isoelectric focusing of 1D3 antigen showed 2 overlapping antigenic components with PI 2.5 and 2.6. 1D3 antigen was extremely stable (10 min at 100 degrees C) to heating. The antigenic activity was slightly stimulated by treatment with galactosidases, but neuraminidase treatment enhanced the antigenic activity about 3-fold. Antigen activity was completely stable to periodate oxidation. Pronase and trypsin treatment completely destroyed the antigenic activity. Properties of 1D3 antigen suggest that this is a high molecular weight (approximately 5-20 x 10(6) Dalton), sialomucin. Monoclonal antibody 1D3 recognizes only the protein part of this molecule. PMID- 3252957 TI - Effect of hyperthermia on growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - Hyperthermic treatment at 43 degrees C suppressed the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells in vitro. Incubation of EAT cells at 43 degrees C for as little as 1.5 h totally abolished the transplantability of the tumor. At the same time, the rate of cellular glucose uptake, the density of glucose transporter on the cells as well as the extent of thymidine, uridine and leucine incorporation were significantly reduced. PMID- 3252958 TI - Lactic dehydrogenase isozyme patterns and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activities in serum from newborns, patients with ovarian cancer or myocardial infarction. AB - Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) and LDH isozyme patterns were studied in serum from newborns and patients with ovarian cancer or myocardial infarction. LDH and HBD activities from newborns and patients with ovarian cancer or myocardial infarction were significantly increased, compared with those from patients with benign ovarian tumor. These increases were accompanied with a decrease of LDH-H and an increase of LDH-M in serum from newborns and patients with ovarian cancer, while an increase of LDH-H in serum from patients with myocardial infarction was dominant. However, the raised HBD activities in serum from patients with benign ovarian tumor did not affect the LDH isozyme patterns. From analysis of linear regression, a negative correlation between LDH-1 or -2 and HBD activity in serum from patients with ovarian cancer was observed while there was a positive correlation between LDH-4 and HBD activity. Similar patterns in serum from newborns were observed. On the other hand, a positive correlation between LDH-1 and HBD activity and a negative correlation between LDH-4 and HBD activity were found in serum from patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 3252959 TI - Thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase activities and methotrexate cytotoxicity during growth of L1210 and Ehrlich ascites tumor. AB - The specific activities of TS and TK determined in the cytosols of Ehrlich and L1210 ascites tumor cells changed significantly during their logarithmic growth. In both tumors, the highest activity of TK was in early log phase while that of TS occurred in late logarithmic growth. The activity curves of TS were practically the same and those of TK were similar in the two tumors; however, the absolute values of the latter were different. TK/TS activity ratios in the early and late log growth of Ehrlich tumor were 20 and 2, in those of L1210 tumor 4 and 0.15 respectively. MTX cytotoxicity was considerable throughout the logarithmic growth of L1210 tumor, significantly higher values were observed however when TS activity increased. The variable degree of MTX cytotoxicity indicated an intracellular manifestation of the changes in TS activity determined in vitro. The different patterns for the specific activities of TS and TK, as well as, the parallel changes of TS activity and MTX cytotoxicity during tumor growth may be useful information for the antimetabolite research carried out with experimental tumors. PMID- 3252960 TI - In vivo changes of ionic composition of tumors treated by hyperthermia. AB - Experimental tumors submitted in vivo to hyperthermia, in the presence, or not, of lanthanum (La3+), have shown modifications in the concentration of extra- and intracellular cations. Sacrificed immediately after hyperthermia, only the group treated with La3+ presented ionic changes (lower magnesium and potassium). After 48 hours, in both cases calcium and sodium were increased while magnesium and potassium were decreased. PMID- 3252961 TI - Data on the degree of saturation of urine with respect to calcium hydrogen phosphate in hypercalciuric children and renal stone formers. AB - Calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4) was considered as one of the main factors governing renal calculus formation. The degree of saturation with respect to this phase was therefore calculated in urines of 36 hypercalciuric children (20 absorptive, 16 renal subtype) with isolated hematuria, 10 renal stone patients, and 30 healthy controls. The effects of low calcium diet and hydrochlorothiazide treatment were also investigated in the patient groups. The results were compared to the widely used indicator of hypercalciuria (Ca/Cr ratio). Urines of both the hypercalciuric and the normocalciuric renal stone patients were saturated on basal conditions. On low calcium diet, 12 children of the absorptive hypercalciuric, 13 of the renal hypercalciuric and 7 of the renal stone-forming children had their urines in the saturated zone - irrespective of the evolution of Ca/Cr ratio. Thiazide normalized the activity product of CaHPO4 in all groups. The use of the Ca/Cr ratio as the sole parameter in the investigation of children with isolated hematuria and hypercalciuria or calcium nephrolithiasis seems to be insufficient; simultaneous determinations of the state of saturation of urines is recommended. This technique should also allow a quantitative assessment of the various therapeutic regimens recommended. PMID- 3252962 TI - Increased serum calcitonin, reduced serum 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D and normal parathormone concentrations in idiopathic hypercalciuria. AB - Twelve children (5 males and 7 females, mean age 8.5 years) with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH), 9 with absorptive IH (1 type I and 8 type II) and 3 with renal IH, were followed in our outpatient hospital from September 1981 to March 1987. Mean (+/- 1 SD) free diet calciuria was 5.9 +/- 1.66 mg/kg/day. Diagnosis was made measuring urinary Ca/Cr ratio after controlled diet and calcium loading test. Serum parathormone (PTH), 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and calcitonin (TCT) values and renal threshold phosphate concentration (TmPO4/GFR) were also studied. Serum PTH was normal in all children. Serum TCT levels were significantly increased in the patients with IH compared with controls (p less than 0.001) while serum 1,25 (OH)2-D3 levels were significantly reduced compared with controls (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3252963 TI - Factors influencing the development of hypertensive encephalopathy in acute glomerulonephritis. AB - The factors influencing the development of electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities and hypertensive encephalopathy were studied in 31 children with acute glomerulonephritis and hypertension. Based on the degree of background slowing on the EEG, they were divided into 2 groups: group 1 had a percent EEG power for frequencies 1-4 Hz of less than or equal to 6.45 (upper 95th percentile confidence limit in 31 age- and sex-matched controls), while group 2 had values greater than 6.45. Six of 16 children in group 2 developed grand mal convulsions and had prolonged changes in the level of consciousness. There were no significant differences between the mean levels of peak blood pressures (systolic, diastolic and mean), degree of fluid overload, and fractional sodium excretion in the 2 groups. However, group 2 had significantly higher mean blood urea and creatinine levels (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.03 respectively). These findings suggest that hypertension alone does not predict the subsequent development of EEG abnormalities and hypertensive encephalopathy. The concomitant presence of azotaemia may render the child more susceptible to cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction, resulting in hypertensive encephalopathy. PMID- 3252964 TI - Relation of amino acids, energy levels and protein synthesis in chronic renal disease. PMID- 3252965 TI - A change of urinary proteins from a glomerular pattern to a tubular pattern during a late diuretic phase of acute renal failure. AB - The proteinuria on admission, on the 3rd day of the disease, of a 15-year-old male patient with acute renal failure (vasomotor nephropathy) showed a glomerular proteinuria-predominant pattern, and had a normal activity of N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase, indicating little proximal tubular damage. During a late diuretic phase, the excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in the urine increased in accordance with increases of sodium excretion and urine flow, and then decreased to the normal range on the 20th day of the disease. Urine during the late diuretic phase showed a tubular proteinuria pattern and finally returned to a normal pattern on the 47th day of the disease. Thus, transient proximal tubular damage was evidenced in the late diuretic phase of the patient. PMID- 3252966 TI - Nephropathy in arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille's syndrome). AB - A 15-year-old girl evaluated for short stature and delayed puberty was found to have features of syndromatic arteriohepatic dysplasia or Alagille's syndrome. The characteristic triangular face, stubby nose, peripheral pulmonic stenosis, a history of prolonged neonatal jaundice and evidence of hepatic parenchymal disease were present as well as bilateral small kidneys and delayed puberty. The recognition of kidney involvement in this syndrome and the characterization of the frequency and nature of the renal disorder are of great prognostic significance and could influence the morbidity and mortality of these patients. PMID- 3252967 TI - Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and sickle cell disease. AB - In this paper, we describe a case of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in a patient with sickle cell disease and review four other cases in the literature. Acute glomerulonephritis in patients with sickle disease frequently presents with anasarca, severe proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and normal complement. This presentation makes it difficult to differentiate acute glomerulonephritis from nephrotic syndrome associated with sickle cell disease. The prognosis of the two entities is extremely different; a renal biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 3252968 TI - The Lambeth Conventions: guidelines for the study of arrhythmias in ischaemia infarction, and reperfusion. AB - The Lambeth Conventions are guidelines intended to be of practical value in the investigation of arrhythmias induced by ischaemia, infarction, and reperfusion. They cover the design and execution of experiments and the definition, classification, quantification, and analysis of arrhythmias. Investigators are encouraged to adopt the conventions in the hope that this will improve uniformity and interlaboratory comparisons. PMID- 3252969 TI - Myosin light chains release in acute myocardial infarction: non-invasive estimation of infarct size. AB - After the loss of membrane integrity cardiospecific myosin light chains are released as a result of proteolytic degradation of the insoluble myosin pool. Thus, as with cytosolic enzymes, the measurement of the serum concentration changes of myosin light chains may allow a non-invasive estimation of infarct size. A two compartment model was used to describe the serum concentration changes of myosin light chains after a bolus injection into awake beagle dogs. The initial distribution volume was 7.4% of body weight, whereas the second compartment accounted for 4.7% of body weight. The fractional disappearance rate of 0.0092.min-1 resulted in a serum half life of myosin light chains of 75 min. In 30 patients with acute non-reperfused myocardial infarction a close correlation was found between the cumulative appearance of myosin light chains and their maximal serum concentration. In these patients the cumulative appearance of myosin light chains correlated with serum creatine kinase estimates of infarct size, with impairment of left ventricular ejection fraction, and with mortality during hospital admission. Thus the maximal serum concentration and the cumulative appearance of myosin light chains allow a non-invasive estimation of infarct size and may serve as a serological indicator of the patient's prognosis. PMID- 3252970 TI - A model for acute haemodynamic studies in the ascending aorta in pigs. AB - Since data on velocity fields in the ascending aorta downstream of normal aortic valves in pigs have not yet been obtained velocity profiles were visualised using a hot film anemometer needle probe before and after total cardiopulmonary bypass and cold cardioplegic arrest. Furthermore, measurements were made during increased heart rate and cardiac output. A dynamic three dimensional visualisation of velocity fields showed a skewed clockwise rotating velocity profile, developing from peak systole and continuing throughout the systolic deceleration phase. This pattern was consistent regardless of the haemodynamic state. Heart rate was increased to 180 beats.min-1 and cardiac output by a maximum of 91%. It is concluded that the pig model is valuable for haemodynamic studies in the ascending aorta before and after cold cardioplegic arrest and that the velocity profiles found in this study are important basic data for velocity field studies downstream of artificial heart valves implanted in the aortic position. PMID- 3252971 TI - Velocity fields and turbulent stresses downstream of biological and mechanical aortic valve prostheses implanted in pigs. AB - Since detailed knowledge about velocity fields downstream of heart valve prostheses obtained from in vitro studies has not been followed up by similar detailed studies in vivo a pig model for acute velocity field studies downstream of aortic valve prostheses was established. Two mechanical and two bioprosthetic valves were studied and a dynamic three dimensional visualisation of velocity fields one diameter downstream performed under different haemodynamic conditions in a total of 22 pigs. The Ionescu-Shiley pericardial valve had velocity fields very similar to the normal native porcine aortic valve. The Edwards-Carpentier porcine valve caused a jet type flow, and the valve design of the St Jude Medical and Bjork-Shiley Monostrut valves was reflected in the velocity profile. Normalised (mean(SEM] systolic Reynolds normal stresses in the total cross sectional area were: native porcine 15(1.5) Nm-2; St Jude Medical 24(3.4) Nm-2; Bjork-Shiley Monostrut 25(1.6) Nm-2; Edwards-Carpentier Supra-annular 51(6.6) Nm 2; Ionescu-Shiley Pericardial 19(2.0) Nm-2. Reynolds normal stresses were higher in areas of rapidly changing or constantly high velocity gradients. PMID- 3252972 TI - Long term spontaneous evolution of left ventricular function after experimental acute coronary occlusion. AB - In a canine model of acute occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), left ventriculography was performed before and immediately after occlusion and also one and three weeks later. Regional left ventricular function was evaluated by the centreline method. Global and regional left ventricular function were significantly depressed immediately after occlusion and showed no significant recovery after one and three weeks, except for a decrease in the paradoxical motion of the LAD territory, which was probably due to stiffening of the infarct area. PMID- 3252973 TI - Faecal contamination of rural drinking water in a commercial farming area in Zimbabwe. PMID- 3252974 TI - The pattern of gynaecological malignancy at the University Hospital Centre (C.H.U.) Yaounde, Cameroon. PMID- 3252975 TI - Melarsoprol toxicity in the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. Ten cases treated with dimercaprol. PMID- 3252976 TI - Analysis of severe head injuries admitted to a Nigerian general hospital. PMID- 3252977 TI - Ectopic pregnancy in Libya--a review of 210 cases. PMID- 3252978 TI - Comparison of leucocyte and neutrophil counts in healthy and infected Nigerian males. PMID- 3252980 TI - Haematology of experimental gambiense trypanosomiasis, I. Platelet and other haemostatic changes. PMID- 3252979 TI - Lymphadenitis associated with BCG vaccination: a report of an outbreak in Harare, Zimbabwe. PMID- 3252982 TI - Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube. PMID- 3252981 TI - Sero-conversion of infants to three doses of oral poliomyelitis vaccine. PMID- 3252983 TI - [Pharmacognostic studies on three species of Lepidium in Xinjiang]. PMID- 3252984 TI - [Studies on the inhibition of seed germination of Gastrodia elata Bl. by Armillaria mellea Qul]. PMID- 3252985 TI - [Rapid propagation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino via tissue culture]. PMID- 3252986 TI - [Tuber formation in tissue culture of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang]. PMID- 3252987 TI - [Studies on the quantity of cortex moutan in liuwei dihuang wan]. PMID- 3252988 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of the stem and leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook]. PMID- 3252989 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Beijing propolis]. PMID- 3252990 TI - [TLC densitometric determination of dracorhodin in dragon's blood]. PMID- 3252991 TI - [Chemical composition of artificial and natural bear bile compared by thin layer and paper chromatography]. PMID- 3252992 TI - [An experimental observation on the diuretic effect of an extract of luobuma (Apocynum venetum) leaves]. PMID- 3252994 TI - [A preliminary investigation on medicinal plants in Mount Fenghuang]. PMID- 3252993 TI - [Effect of Rabdosia eriocalyx (Dunn) Hara on blood pressure and vascular smooth muscle]. PMID- 3252995 TI - [Detection of genetic carriers and antenatal diagnosis of juvenile retinoschisis by familial analysis in molecular biology]. PMID- 3252996 TI - [Measurement of exophthalmos. A trial of correlating Hertel-x-ray computed tomography]. PMID- 3252997 TI - [Diagnostic problems of intra-orbital aneurysm]. PMID- 3252998 TI - [A case of craniopharyngioma. Diagnostic difficulties]. PMID- 3252999 TI - [Plane spinocellular epithelioma of the cornea. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3253000 TI - [Correction of aphakia by contact lenses in children under 10 years of age with congenital cataract: results and indications]. PMID- 3253001 TI - [Changes in the normal corneal endothelium as a function of age. Semi-automatized morphometric study]. PMID- 3253002 TI - [Role of fibrinolysis in the treatment of retinal arterial occlusion. Discussion of 5 cases]. PMID- 3253003 TI - [Ophthalmologic manifestations in Alport's syndrome]. PMID- 3253004 TI - [Eye injuries caused by a windshield break. Medico-legal aspects]. PMID- 3253005 TI - [Early esotropia, disorders of the monocular fixation reflex]. PMID- 3253006 TI - [Strabismus caused by deep unilateral organic amblyopia. Determinant factors]. PMID- 3253007 TI - [Does Devic's disease exist? Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3253008 TI - [Obstetric injury: an uncommon etiology in the genesis of corneal edema]. PMID- 3253009 TI - [Penetration of norfloxacin in aqueous humor: preliminary study]. PMID- 3253010 TI - [Exfoliation syndrome and implantation]. PMID- 3253011 TI - [Management of post-traumatic ptosis]. PMID- 3253012 TI - [A case of orbital asymmetry in a 3-year-old child]. PMID- 3253014 TI - [Retinoblastoma: a genetic disease?]. PMID- 3253013 TI - [Limbic neoformation in a 4-year-old child with xeroderma pigmentosum]. PMID- 3253015 TI - [Anatomo-pathologic study of the sclerectomy piece in surgery of chronic glaucoma: what observations should be made?]. PMID- 3253016 TI - [Visual acuity of infants and the technic of preferential looking]. PMID- 3253017 TI - Pigmented ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: detection of melanin pigment in enamel. PMID- 3253018 TI - Study on the influence of tapping force for registration of centric maxillomandibular relation on the antero-posterior position of tapping area. PMID- 3253019 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of crestal pits on human permanent molars. PMID- 3253020 TI - Electron microscopic study of osteodentin-forming cells induced in experimentally exposed rat-molar pulp and of their acid- and alkaline-phosphatase activity. PMID- 3253021 TI - Evaluation of acidogenicity of various sugars and sugar substitutes using resting cell suspensions of Streptococcus mutans. PMID- 3253022 TI - [Some ultrastructural characteristics of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii in erythrocytic schizogony and gametocytosis]. PMID- 3253024 TI - [Analysis of the common antigen component between Brugia malayi adults and Onchocerca armillata adults]. PMID- 3253023 TI - [ABC-ELISA in the detection of specific IgE in patients with hydatidosis]. PMID- 3253025 TI - [Detection of antibodies against human hookworms in experimentally infected mice and naturally infected humans]. PMID- 3253027 TI - [Inhibitory effects of extracts of Ascaris suum on human blood coagulation]. PMID- 3253026 TI - [The mouse micronucleus test for mutagenicity of pyronaridine, chloroquine, quinacrine, primaquine, furapyrimidone and phenthiourezine]. PMID- 3253028 TI - [Studies on adenylate cyclase in Schistosoma japonicum]. PMID- 3253029 TI - Cell kinetics, DNA content and TSH receptor-adenylate cyclase system in differentiated thyroid cancer. AB - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the changes of the TSH receptor adenylate cyclase system in differentiated thyroid carcinomas, and their relationships with nuclear DNA content, cell kinetics and clinical stage. The results showed that the papillary carcinomas had an impaired TSH receptor adenylate cyclase system. The production of cAMP stimulated by TSH was decreased when compared with non-cancerous tissue and high-affinity TSH receptors were reduced in number or even completely lost (nine in 24 cases). Follicular carcinomas also showed a reduction in, or even complete loss, of high-affinity TSH receptor (one in five cases). However, the responses to the stimulation of TSH, Gpp (NH)p and forskolin were not different from those in non-cancerous tissue. Papillary and follicular cancer cells showed more proliferative activity than those in non-cancerous tissue. Follicular carcinomas contained more hyperploid cells (DNA content greater than 2.5 C) than papillary carcinomas. There were no differences in cell kinetics, DNA content or the effects of Gpp (NH)p or forskolin on adenylate cyclase activity between those papillary carcinomas with high-affinity TSH receptor and those without. However, the presence of high-affinity TSH receptors had higher cAMP generation stimulated by TSH. The patients having papillary carcinomas in the absence of high-affinity TSH receptors were all in clinical stage III. These studies suggest that TSH receptors are the major sites influenced in the TSH receptor-adenylate cyclase system in papillary carcinomas. The TSH receptor-adenylate cyclase system of papillary carcinomas differs more from normal than does that of follicular carcinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3253030 TI - In-vivo and in-vitro endocrine investigation of pure gonadal dysgenesis. AB - Diagnosis of XY pure gonadal dysgenesis was established in a patient of female phenotype, with female internal genitalia, but with a chromosomal constitution of 46 XY. Streak gonads had undergone neoplastic transformation--gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma. Before operation the concentrations of gonadotrophins in plasma were high and of oestradiol was low. Administration of oestradiol benzoate initially suppressed and then stimulated an increase in the plasma concentration of LH. These changes were not accompanied by changes in blood levels of endogenous sex steroids. A single injection of hCG failed to stimulate steroid secretion. The activities in vitro of steroid-metabolizing enzymes in the dysgenetic gonadal tissue more closely resembled those of ovarian tissue from a premenopausal and from a postmenopausal women than those in testes from two androgen-insensitive patients. However, aromatase activity was higher in the dysgenetic gonads than in the pre or post-menopausal ovaries. Examination of enzymes in genital skin fibroblasts demonstrated normal activities of 3 alpha/beta-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (oxidative and reductive directions). However, 5 alpha-reductase activity was low in minces and fibroblasts of genital skin from the patient. Androgen binding was within the range for male controls. PMID- 3253031 TI - Biological and immunological activity of human chorionic gonadotrophin in maternal serum during early pregnancy. AB - Serum chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels were measured by three different assay methods in 20 women admitted to legal abortion and 21 patients having insulin dependent diabetes, both during 8 to 14 weeks of pregnancy. Biological activity of hCG was determined with a mouse Leydig cell in-vitro bioassay, binding activity of the hormone to LH receptors by rat testis radioreceptorassay, and immunoreactivity by fluorimmunoassay. Bioassay and radioreceptorassay gave 1.4 and 1.7-fold higher hCG concentrations than fluoroimmunoassay using the same standard. Correlations between hCG levels measured by bioassay and fluoroimmunoassay (r = 0.81; P less than 0.01) and radioreceptorassay and fluoroimmunoassay (r = 0.95; P less than 0.01) were good. The results emphasize the heterogeneity of hCG in the pregnancy serum. Different domains of the molecules are recognized by assay methods based on antigenicity, receptor binding and biopotency of the hormone. PMID- 3253032 TI - Serum androstanediol glucuronide concentrations in normal and hirsute women and patients with thyroid dysfunction. AB - There is currently much interest in measurements of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol glucuronide (AdiolG) as a marker of peripheral androgen metabolism. We have therefore developed an assay to measure serum AdiolG levels and report that mean concentrations in hirsute (2.9 +/- 1.9 nmol/l, mean +/- SD, n = 15) and non-hirsute (1.9 +/- 0.6 nmol/l, n = 7) women with polycystic ovaries do not differ significantly from concentrations in normal women (2.2 +/- 0.8 nmol/l, n = 20). However, a correlation was found between serum AdiolG levels and Body Mass Index (r = 0.48, P less than 0.05) for women with polycystic ovaries, suggesting that weight may be an important factor in determining concentrations of this steroid conjugate. Serum AdiolG levels were significantly reduced in hypothyroid women (0.6 +/- 0.4 nmol/l, n = 5) and women receiving oral contraceptive therapy (0.6 +/- 0.4 nmol/l, n = 28) but increased in hyperthyroid women (4.0 +/- 0.6 nmol/l, n = 5). The results from this study do not support the hypothesis that serum AdiolG levels provide a marker of peripheral androgen metabolism in hirsute women and show that it is essential to exclude from such investigations any women with thyroid abnormalities or receiving oral contraceptive therapy. PMID- 3253033 TI - [Caries prevention in daily practice]. PMID- 3253034 TI - [The place of vital amputation in treatment of interradicular involvement]. PMID- 3253035 TI - [Vascularized saphenous nerve graft. Anatomy and surgical access]. PMID- 3253036 TI - [Radiologic tolerance of free microvascular flaps in maxillofacial tumor surgery]. PMID- 3253037 TI - [Non-ossifying fibroma of the mandible]. PMID- 3253038 TI - [Pseudo-tumourous fibro-myxomatous jaw lesion, odontogenic fibromas and odontogenic myxomas. Differential diagnostic criteria]. PMID- 3253040 TI - [Distribution pattern of carbohydrate cell surface antigens in oral leukoplakias and squamous cell carcinomas]. PMID- 3253039 TI - [Ultrastructure of hairy leukoplakia]. PMID- 3253042 TI - [Aneurysmal bone cyst. An unusual disease entity]. PMID- 3253041 TI - [Oral manifestations of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3253044 TI - [Different osteotomes used in bone surgery. A technical comparison]. PMID- 3253043 TI - [Morphometry and distribution of the palatine glands in denture wearers and non denture wearers]. PMID- 3253045 TI - [Studies on preventive antibiotics in the surgical treatment of mandibular fractures]. PMID- 3253046 TI - Microanalysis of thin oxide film formed by high-temperature oxidation of commercial Ni-Cr alloy containing Be for metal-porcelain bonding. PMID- 3253047 TI - Setting characteristics of fissure sealant. PMID- 3253048 TI - Composite restorative resins. Part 3. Cytotoxicity test to mouse fibroblasts in culture of UV and visible light-activated composite resins. PMID- 3253049 TI - A zinc phosphate cement based on ZnO-Al2O3 powders prepared by Co-precipitation method. Effect of calcium and fluorine addition. PMID- 3253050 TI - The relevance of in vitro measurements of opsonophagocytosis to the study of antibiotic-PMN-bacterium interactions in vivo. AB - There is increasing evidence that the outcome of therapy of serious bacterial infections especially in the immuno-compromised patient depends to some extent on the efficacy of the host's reticuloendothelial system. The ability of circulating leukocytes to eradicate foci of bacteria can be influenced directly or indirectly by antibiotics. However, the measurement of such an interaction in vivo is difficult and reliance is placed on in vitro studies. Such models only partly mirror the in vivo situation but, nevertheless, their study improves our understanding of the antibiotic-bacterium-leukocyte interaction. Examples will be drawn from studies of the interaction of staphylococci with host defences under in vitro situations resembling tissue abscesses, valvular endocarditis and catheter-associated infections. PMID- 3253051 TI - A new tricyclic fluoroquinolone, rufloxacin (MF-934), with interesting antibacterial and pharmacokinetic characteristics. AB - The kinetics of a new fluoroquinolone, rufloxacin (MF-934), have been studied in rats, dogs and monkeys. The drug is characterized by a long half-life, which is equal to 24, 12 and 15 h in the three species, respectively. A high tissue plasma ratio is observed in rats. In these animals the bioavailability is equal to 60%. The drug does not appear to enter the brain in rats and in monkeys, even after repeated administration (90 days). No accumulation is seen in rats and in monkeys after repeated daily administration for 90 days. The urinary excretion of unmodified drug is equal to about 27 and 40% of the dose in the rat and in the monkey, respectively. PMID- 3253052 TI - Theoretical aspects of stripe formation in relation to Drosophila segmentation. AB - Many aspects of Drosophila segmentation can be discussed in one-dimensional terms as a linear pattern of repeated elements or cell states. But the initial metameric pattern seen in the expression of pair-rule genes is fully two dimensional, i.e. a pattern of stripes. Several lines of evidence suggest a kinetic mechanism acting globally during the syncytial blastoderm stage may be responsible for generating this pattern. The requirement that the mechanism should produce stripes, not spots or some other periodic pattern, imposes preconditions on this act, namely (1) sharp anterior and posterior boundaries that delimit the pattern-forming region, and (2) an axial asymmetrizing influence in the form of an anteroposterior gradient. Models for Drosophila segmentation generally rely on the gradient to provide positional information in the form of concentration thresholds that cue downstream elements of a hierarchical control system. This imposes restrictions on how such models cope with experimental disturbances to the gradient. A shallower gradient, for example, means fewer pattern elements. This need not be the case if the gradient acts through a kinetic mechanism like reaction-diffusion that involves the whole system. It is then the overall direction of the gradient that is important rather than specific concentration values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3253053 TI - Cycling cytoplasmic factors that promote mitosis in the cultured 2-cell mouse embryo. AB - A cytoplasmic component(s), previously shown to rescue the 'blocked' 2-cell mouse embryo in vitro, has been demonstrated to peak in activity during the transition between G2 and M phase and decline thereafter. The possible significance of this component(s) in the regulation of cleavage of the cultured mouse embryo is discussed. PMID- 3253054 TI - Two maternally derived X chromosomes contribute to parthenogenetic inviability. AB - In certain extraembryonic tissues of normal female mouse conceptuses, X chromosome-dosage compensation is achieved by preferential inactivation of the paternally derived X. Diploid parthenogenones have two maternally derived X chromosomes, hence this mechanism cannot operate. To examine whether this contributes to the inviability of parthenogenones, XO and XX parthenogenetic eggs were constructed by pronuclear transplantation and their development assessed after transfer to pseudopregnant recipients. In one series of experiments, the frequency of postimplantation development of XO parthenogenones was much higher than that of their XX counterparts. This result is consistent with the possibility that two maternally derived X chromosomes can contribute to parthenogenetic inviability at or very soon after implantation. However, both XO and XX parthenogenones showed similar developmental abnormalities at the postimplantation stage, demonstrating that parthenogenetic inviability is ultimately determined by the possession of two sets of maternally derived autosomes. PMID- 3253055 TI - Developmental control of N-CAM sialylation state by Golgi sialyltransferase isoforms. AB - A rat brain Golgi sialyltransferase activity capable of the differentiation dependent control of N-CAM sialylation state is described. The specific activity of Golgi sialyltransferase was found to be developmentally regulated with respect to both endogenous and exogenous protein acceptors, with a particular elevation on postnatal days 10-12 when the heavily sialylated or 'embryonic' form of N-CAM is re-expressed. The subsequent developmental decrease in activity was associated with a significant decrease in apparent Km for the CMP-NeuNAc substrate, but not for the asialofetuin exogenous acceptor, which could not be attributed to the temporal expression of an endogenous competitive inhibitor. The apparent Vmax remained constant for CMP-NeuNAc but was significantly reduced for asialofetuin. Sialyltransferase activity, which was optimal at pH 7.0-7.5, was also modulated by various cations. Zinc abolished enzyme function, in contrast to ferric ions which stimulated activity fourfold-sevenfold. The marked activation of the adult form of the enzyme by potassium and magnesium ions, together with the alterations in kinetic constants, suggested this activity to be distinct from that derived from postnatal day-12 tissue. The kinetics of [14C]sialic acid incorporation into immuno-precipitated N-CAM demonstrated the individual polypeptides to be sialylated, possibly by addition of polysialosyl units, in a developmental sequence. The presence of four distinct sialyltransferase activities was demonstrated by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis followed by solid-phase enzyme assay. These isoforms were temporally expressed during development, two being correlated with the postnatal reexpression of the 'embryonic' form of N-CAM. PMID- 3253056 TI - Determination of somite cells: independence of cell differentiation and morphogenesis. AB - Somites are mesodermal structures which appear transiently in vertebrates in the course of their development. Cells situated ventromedially in a somite differentiate into the sclerotome, which gives rise to cartilage, while the other part of the somite differentiates into dermomyotome which gives rise to muscle and dermis. The sclerotome is further divided into a rostral half, where neural crest cells settle and motor nerves grow, and a caudal half. To find out when these axes are determined and how they rule later development, especially the morphogenesis of cartilage derived from the somites, we transplanted the newly formed three caudal somites of 2.5-day-old quail embryos into chick embryos of about the same age, with reversal of some axes. The results were summarized as follows. (1) When transplantation reversed only the dorsoventral axis, one day after the operation the two caudal somites gave rise to normal dermomyotomes and sclerotomes, while the most rostral somite gave rise to a sclerotome abnormally situated just beneath ectoderm. These results suggest that the dorsoventral axis was not determined when the somites were formed, but began to be determined about three hours after their formation. (2) When the transplantation reversed only the rostrocaudal axis, two days after the operation the rudiments of dorsal root ganglia were formed at the caudal (originally rostral) halves of the transplanted sclerotomes. The rostrocaudal axis of the somites had therefore been determined when the somites were formed. (3) When the transplantation reversed both the dorsoventral and the rostrocaudal axes, two days after the operation, sclerotomes derived from the prospective dermomyotomal region of the somites were shown to keep their original rostrocaudal axis, judging from the position of the rudiments of ganglia. Combined with results 1 and 2, this suggested that the fate of the sclerotomal cells along the rostrocaudal axis was determined previously and independently of the determination of somite cell differentiation into dermomyotome and sclerotome. (4) In the 9.5-day-old chimeric embryos with rostrocaudally reversed somites, the morphology of vertebrae and ribs derived from the explanted somites were reversed along the rostrocaudal axis. The morphology of cartilage derived from the somites was shown to be determined intrinsically in the somites by the time these were formed from the segmental plate. The rostrocaudal pattern of the vertebral column is therefore controlled by factors intrinsic to the somitic mesoderm, and not by interactions between this mesoderm and the notochord and/or neural tube, arising after segmentation. PMID- 3253057 TI - Complete sequence and in vitro expression of a tissue-specific phosphatidylinositol-linked N-CAM isoform from skeletal muscle. AB - Neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) are a family of cell surface sialoglycoproteins encoded by a single copy gene. A full-length cDNA clone that encodes a nontransmembrane phosphatidylinositol (PI) linked N-CAM of Mr 125 x 10(3) has been isolated from a human skeletal muscle cDNA library. The deduced protein sequence encodes a polypeptide of 761 amino acids and is highly homologous to the N-CAM isoform in brain of Mr 120 x 10(3). The size difference between the 125 x 10(3). The size difference between the 125 x 10(3) Mr skeletal muscle form and the 120 x 10(3) Mr N-CAM form from brain is accounted for by the insertion of a block of 37 amino acids called MSD1, in the extracellular domain of the muscle form. Transient expression of the human cDNA in COS cells results in cell surface N-CAM expression via a putative covalent attachment to PI containing phospholipid. Linked in vitro transcription and translation experiments followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-N-CAM antibodies demonstrate that the full-length clone of 761 amino acid coding potential produces a core polypeptide of Mr 110 x 10(3) which is processed by microsomal membranes to yield a 122 x 10(3) Mr species. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the cloned cDNA sequence encodes a lipid-linked, PI-specific phospholipase C releasable surface isoform of N-CAM with core glycopeptide molecular weight corresponding to the authentic muscle 125 x 10(3) Mr N-CAM isoform. This is the first direct correlation of cDNA and deduced protein sequence with a known PI-linked N-CAM isoform from skeletal muscle. PMID- 3253058 TI - The development potential of parthenogenetically derived cells in chimeric mouse embryos: implications for action of imprinted genes. AB - Parthenogenetic embryos of mice die shortly after implantation and characteristically contain poorly developed extraembryonic tissue. To investigate the basis of the abnormal development of parthenotes, we combined them with normal embryos to produce chimeras and examined the distribution of the parthenogenetically derived cells during preimplantation and early postimplantation development. The parthenogenetic embryos were derived from a transgenic mouse line bearing a large insert, which allowed these cells to be identified in histological sections using in situ hybridization. At the blastocyst stage, the parthenogenetic embryos contributed cells to the trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) of chimeras. By 6.5 days, however, in almost every embryo, parthenogenetically derived cells were not detected in the extraembryonic trophoblast tissue descended from the TE. In contrast, parthenogenetically derived cells could contribute to all descendants of the ICM of 6.5-and 7.5-day chimeras, including the extraembryonic visceral and parietal endoderm. Quantitative analysis of the degree of chimerism in the embryonic ectoderm at 6.5-7.5 days indicated that parthenogenetically derived cells could contribute as extensively as normal cells. These results indicate that normal trophoblast development requires gene expression from the paternally inherited genome before 6.5 days of embryogenesis. Tissues of the ICM lineage, however, apparently can develop independently of the paternal genome at least to 7.5 days of embryogenesis. Comparison of these results with those of others suggests that the influence of imprinted genes is manifested at different times and in a variety of tissues during development. PMID- 3253059 TI - Histochemical localization of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA in the rat between birth and adulthood. AB - We describe the postnatal ontogeny and localization of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and -II) in the rat. We have used oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes for in situ hybridization (hybridization histochemistry) and for Northern blotting. IGF-II mRNA is strongly expressed in liver, skeletal muscle, perichondrium, leptomeninges and choroid plexus of the newborn. Demonstrable levels fall dramatically in the liver at 18-20 days postnatally but persist for longer periods in muscle and remain undiminished throughout life in the pia/choroid plexus, indicating that different control mechanisms operate in these tissues. IGF-I mRNA is predominantly found in the liver. Its level in this organ rises well before levels of IGF-II fall. This suggests that distinct factors govern the expression of IGF-I and -II genes. PMID- 3253060 TI - The accumulation of basement membrane components during the onset of chondrogenesis and myogenesis in the chick wing bud. AB - The study describes the distribution of several basement membrane molecules in the embryonic chick wing bud from stages 23 to 26, during the onset of myogenesis and chondrogenesis, and then later at stage 28. Laminin is localized as early as stage 23, prior to the onset of myogenesis, in regions corresponding to the position of the future dorsal and ventral myogenic areas. Other matrix components, including fibronectin, do not differentially accumulate in these same regions. Fibronectin, basement membrane heparan sulphate proteoglycan and type IV collagen are more widespread in their distribution than laminin, and are even present between mesenchymal cells. These results suggest a role for laminin in the initial differentiation of the muscle masses and emphasize that components of basement membrane can also be associated with mesenchymal cells. PMID- 3253061 TI - Spatial- and temporal-restricted pattern for amelogenin gene expression during mouse molar tooth organogenesis. AB - Position- and time-restricted amelogenin gene transcription was analysed in developing tooth organs using in situ hybridization with asymmetric complementary RNA probes produced from a cDNA specific to the mouse 26 x 10(3) Mr amelogenin. In situ analysis was performed on developmentally staged fetal and neonatal mouse mandibular first (M1) and maxillary first (M1) molar tooth organs using serial sections and three-dimensional reconstruction. Amelogenin mRNA was first detected in a cluster of ameloblasts along one cusp of the M1 molar at the newborn stage of development. In subsequent developmental stages, amelogenin transcripts were detected within foci of ameloblasts lining each of the five cusps comprising the molar crown form. The number of amelogenin transcripts appeared to be position dependent, being more abundant on one cusp surface while reduced along the opposite surface. Amelogenin gene transcription was found to be bilaterally symmetric between the developing right and left M1 molars, and complementary between the M1 and M1 developing molars; indicating position-restricted gene expression resulting in organ stereoisomerism. The application of in situ hybridization to forming tooth organ geometry provides a novel strategy to define epithelial-mesenchymal signal(s) which are believed to be responsible for organ morphogenesis, as well as for temporal- and spatial-restricted tissue-specific expression of enamel extracellular matrix. PMID- 3253062 TI - Steroid-induced cell proliferation in vivo is associated with increased c-myc proto-oncogene transcript abundance. AB - Enhanced c-myc transcript abundance has been observed in a variety of human malignancies, in normal liver tissue induced to proliferate in vivo by partial hepatectomy and in cells in culture induced to proliferate with the addition of protein hormones and growth factors. Little is known, however, about the expression of cellular proto-oncogenes in cells induced to proliferate in vivo by steroid hormones. Experiments reported here indicate that when cells of the immature chicken oviduct are induced to undergo rapid in vivo proliferation by application of the estrogen hormone 17 beta-estradiol, the onset of this proliferation is associated with a rapid, large, and transient increase in c-myc transcript abundance. When estrogen is administered to chickens in which the oviduct has already differentiated, neither massive cell proliferation nor large increases in c-myc transcript abundance are induced. We conclude that the abundance of c-myc transcripts in vivo correlates well with the degree of cell proliferation induced by steroid hormone. PMID- 3253063 TI - Suppression of chromosome condensation during meiotic maturation induces parthenogenetic development of mouse oocytes. AB - Mouse oocytes at metaphase I were treated with puromycin, which caused the chromosomes to become decondensed within an interphase nucleus. When the oocytes were allowed to resume protein synthesis, they returned to metaphase within 8-10 h and neither synthesized DNA nor cleaved, indicating that they had not been parthenogenetically activated by the puromycin treatment. However, when dibutyryl cyclic AMP was added to the medium after protein synthesis resumed, the oocytes remained in interphase. These oocytes maintained in interphase began DNA synthesis beginning 20 h after puromycin withdrawal, even though no activation stimulus had been given to them. After transfer to the oviducts of foster mothers, the oocytes could develop to the blastocyst stage. These results indicate that oocytes whose chromosomes were decondensed by puromycin treatment at metaphase I could begin parthenogenetic development in the absence of an activating stimulus, provided that they were prevented from returning to metaphase. In contrast, when the puromycin-treated oocytes were allowed to return to metaphase, they became developmentally arrested at the end of maturation. This suggests that the mechanism responsible for the developmental arrest of mature oocytes at metaphase II depends on cytoplasmic conditions that cause chromosome condensation to the metaphase state. PMID- 3253064 TI - [Rhinogenic maxillary sinusitis. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3253065 TI - [Imaging the maxillary sinus in panoramic tomography--a contribution on radiographic anatomy]. PMID- 3253066 TI - [Radiographic imaging of the maxillary sinuses in panoramic standard views, panoramic special projections and paranasal sinus survey radiographs. A comparative evaluation]. PMID- 3253068 TI - [Electron microscopic findings in chronic inflammations of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3253067 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of maxillary sinus conditions]. PMID- 3253069 TI - [Topographic anatomy of tooth germs and maxillary sinus, and their role in inflammatory processes of the maxilla]. PMID- 3253070 TI - [Maxillary sinus infections and their dependence on the time interval between the creation of an opening and its surgical repair]. PMID- 3253071 TI - [Bacterial invasion and defense against infections of the maxillary sinus mucosa]. PMID- 3253072 TI - [Role of hyphomycosis of the maxillary sinus area]. PMID- 3253073 TI - [Foreign-material-induced aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3253074 TI - [Cysts, pseudocysts and mucoceles of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3253075 TI - [Keratocysts of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3253076 TI - [Keratocysts of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3253077 TI - [An endoscopic procedure for naso-antral fenestration using the Nd-YAG laser]. PMID- 3253078 TI - [Microcamera-supported operative technique for antral surgery]. PMID- 3253079 TI - [Strategy of antral surgery]. PMID- 3253080 TI - [Comparative clinical and radiographic studies after the enucleation of cysts of the jaws according to Wassmund's method]. PMID- 3253082 TI - [New aspects of the surgical treatment of inflammatory conditions of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3253081 TI - [Results and complications of antral operations]. PMID- 3253083 TI - [Results of study on a change in the treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis in the presence of an oro-antral opening]. PMID- 3253084 TI - [Posttreatment evaluation of functional antral surgery]. PMID- 3253085 TI - [Removal of foreign bodies from the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3253086 TI - [Posttreatment evaluation of osteoplastic antral operations]. PMID- 3253087 TI - [Secondary defect repair after antral surgery]. PMID- 3253088 TI - [Complications in the plastic closure of oro-antral communications]. PMID- 3253089 TI - [Preventive and therapeutic aspects of occlusive cysts of the paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 3253090 TI - [Prospective study on the question of complications secondary to the transplantation of teeth in the presence of an oro-antral communication]. PMID- 3253091 TI - [Problems of sinusitis caused by implants]. PMID- 3253092 TI - [Complications involving the maxillary sinus secondary to implantations]. PMID- 3253093 TI - [Extreme cases of occlusive cysts secondary to antral surgery]. PMID- 3253095 TI - [Cerebral abscess secondary to odontogenic maxillary sinusitis]. PMID- 3253094 TI - [Odontogenic pansinusitis]. PMID- 3253096 TI - [Forensic aspects of an oro-antral communication]. PMID- 3253097 TI - Different effects of R 56865 and calcium entry blockers on K+- and noradrenaline induced contractions and 45Ca uptake in rat aorta. AB - The effects of R 56865, nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem and flunarizine on K+- and NA-induced contractions and K+-induced 45Ca uptake were compared in the isolated rat aorta. The calcium entry blockers concentration dependently inhibited the K+-induced contraction and 45Ca uptake over the same dose-range. R 56865 inhibited the K+-induced 45Ca uptake, but only partly inhibited the K+ induced contraction. The calcium entry blockers caused a slight rightward shift and a depression of the maximum of the concentration-response curve for the NA induced contraction. In contrast, R 56865 caused a strong, dose-dependent rightward shift and a depression of the maximum, 10(-6) and 10(-5) M being equieffective. The effects of R 56865 and nifedipine were independent of each other. Nevertheless, the NA-induced increase in 45 Ca uptake, a putative model for Ca influx, was attenuated by R 56865. In conclusion, R 56865 is a weak inhibitor of the K+-induced Ca influx but is without effect on the NA-induced Ca influx. The discrepancy between its effects on K+-induced contractions and 45Ca uptake may be explained by an inhibition of the uptake of 45Ca from the cytosol into the 45Ca pool. The interaction between R 56865 and the alpha 1-adrenoceptor mediated contractions may be explained by an action at a site that is distinct from the NA-binding-site on the alpha 1-adrenoceptor. PMID- 3253098 TI - Cholinergic drug effects on antidepressant-induced behaviour in the forced swimming test. AB - The contribution of anticholinergic effects to the action of desipramine and nomifensine was investigated in the forced swimming test in rats. The immobility time was reduced by high doses of atropine (10-25 mg/kg i.p.) and scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg i.p., 1 and 0.5 h before the test, respectively) and was unaffected by physostigmine (0.25-0.5 mg/kg i.p., 1 h before the test). Unlike atropine (25 mg/kg), scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg) increased motor activity (open-field). The anti immobility effect of i.p. desipramine (20 or 30 mg/kg) and nomifensine (2.5 or 5 mg/kg), administered 24, 5 and 1 h before the test, was potentiated by scopolamine (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) and antagonized by physostigmine (0.25-0.5 mg/kg). The brain levels of desipramine and nomifensine were unaffected by scopolamine or physostigmine. Motor performance was impaired in rats treated with physostigmine and desipramine whereas hypermotility was observed in rats treated with scopolamine and nomifensine. The anti-immobility effect of atropine (25 mg/kg) and scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg) was not antagonized by physostigmine (0.5 mg/kg). These results indicate that anticholinergic mechanisms alone are not sufficient to influence immobility time and suggest that the cholinergic system may control, the neural circuitry upon which desipramine and nomifensine act to reduce immobility time. PMID- 3253099 TI - Forced swimming test in rats: effect of desipramine administration and the period of exposure to the test on struggling behavior, swimming, immobility and defecation rate. AB - The effect of desipramine administration and the duration of the daily exposure to forced swimming on some variables has been studied in adult male rats. Desipramine administration (15 mg/kg) significantly increased struggling behavior in the first and second 5-min periods of a single exposure to forced swimming. Swimming was reduced in the first 5 min and remained unchanged thereafter. Immobility was decreased in the second and the third 5-min periods. After a pre exposure to forced swimming for 15 min the day before, the drug was effective in increasing struggling behavior and reducing immobility during a subsequent 5-min test. Swimming was not modified. Daily exposure to forced swimming for 3 days caused a decline in struggling behavior and swimming, while increasing immobility and the defecation rate. The duration of daily exposure to forced swimming did not alter the changes in the variables measured. The present results indicate that a one-day test can be used to discriminate between saline- and desipramine treated rats, and that struggling behavior could be a reliable measure of the positive action of antidepressants. The finding that behavioral changes over the 3 days were independent of the duration of exposure to swimming argues against the interpretation of the results which suggest that the responses are caused by the appearance of a behavioral despair state, and suggests that these behaviors might be trait-markers in the rat. In addition, the changes in struggling behavior and immobility over the 3 days cannot be attributed to a behavioral adaptation to the test because the defecation rate increased rather than decreased during successive forced swimming tests. PMID- 3253100 TI - The spasmogenic effect of caffeine in trachealis isolated from control and actively sensitized guinea-pigs. AB - The spasmogenic activity of caffeine (10 mM) was evaluated in tracheal strips obtained from control and sensitized guinea-pigs then pretreated with indomethacin (2.8 microM) and cooled to 20 degrees C. The contraction elicited by caffeine was inhibited by verapamil (100 microM), trifluoperazine (100 and 500 microM) and dantrolene (50 and 500 microM) in the control and the sensitized tissues but was unaffected by disodium cromoglycate (39 microM). However, the same concentration of verapamil produced significantly less inhibition of the caffeine-induced contraction in sensitized compared to control tissues while the reverse was found for trifluoperazine and dantrolene. Exposure to a Ca2+-free, EGTA-containing medium resulted in 33% inhibition of the response to caffeine in control tissues but no inhibition in sensitized tissues. These results suggest the existence of differences in calcium movements in response to caffeine between control and sensitized tissues that may reflect abnormalities in calcium handling by the sensitized tissue. PMID- 3253101 TI - Effects of flunarizine on postischemic blood flow, energy metabolism and neuronal damage in the rat brain. AB - The effects of flunarizine on local cerebral blood flow, cortical energy metabolism and neuronal necrosis were evaluated in a rat model of forebrain ischemia. The application of flunarizine (2 X 40 mg/kg p.o.) at 24 and 4 h before ischemia accelerated the restoration of cortical high-energy phosphates during early post-ischemic recirculation and also increased the flow in cortical but not in hippocampal areas. Neuronal necrosis was reduced in the hippocampal CA 1 sector but unchanged in the cortex. It is concluded that flunarizine reduces ischemic damage mainly via a direct effect on brain tissue. PMID- 3253102 TI - Intratectal glutamate suppresses pentylenetetrazole-induced spike-and-wave discharges. AB - Cortical spike-and-wave discharges evoked in rats by low (20-50 mg/kg) doses of subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole were suppressed by bilateral microinjection of sodium L-glutamate (100 mM, 200 nl/side) into the superior colliculus. Injections of saline into the superior colliculus, or glutamate into overlying cortex, were ineffective. This result is predicted by the hypothesis that the antiepileptic effects of nigral inactivation are at least partly mediated by the inhibitory nigrotectal pathway that runs from substantia nigra pars reticulata to the superior colliculus. PMID- 3253104 TI - Muscarinic receptor subtypes mediating vasodilation in the pulmonary artery. AB - Binding studies in several species have demonstrated a high proportion of M1 muscarinic receptors in the lung but their localization is uncertain. Using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate we have confirmed that binding sites with high affinity for pirenzepine account for 50% of muscarinic receptors in the rat lung. Our functional studies using the muscarinic antagonists 4-diphenylacetoxy-N methylpiperidine (4-DAMP), methoctramine and pirenzepine have demonstrated that the muscarinic receptor on the rat pulmonary artery endothelium which mediates vasodilation is of the M3 subtype and cannot account for the high proportion of M1 receptors identified in lung homogenates. PMID- 3253103 TI - Reciprocal hindlimb scratching and putative subtype-selective muscarinic agents. AB - We have previously proposed that the reciprocal hindlimb scratching (RHS) of mice elicited by intrathecal injection of muscarinic agents is mediated by M1 muscarinic receptors. In this study, benzhexol potently inhibited pilocarpine induced RHS (ID50 = 0.5 ng), methoctramine did not fully block RHS and RS 86 neither produced nor blocked RHS. These data (1) differentiate the three muscarinic agents using this in vivo endpoint, (2) substantiate binding studies characterizing benzhexol and methoctramine as putative M2 and M2 antagonists, respectively, and (3) further support using RHS for studying muscarinic agents. PMID- 3253105 TI - Complement component 3 (C 3) and diabetes mellitus. AB - Complement factor 3 (C3) phenotype and allele frequencies were defined in 312 patients with Type 1 diabetes (IDDM), 256 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 114 apparently healthy first-degree relatives of Type 1 diabetics, in 10 families (29 members) with a familial history of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, and 512 controls (blood donors). All persons investigated were Europeans. There is no evidence to suggest that genes linked to C3 influence susceptibility to Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and to their late complications. C3 levels in blood plasma were found to be slightly elevated in both types of diabetes. But the C3 concentrations varied considerably within the groups. C3 split products were demonstrable in a high percentage in the blood plasma of freshly manifested Type 1 diabetic persons as well as in Type 1 diabetics with a duration of the disease of 1 to 3 years. C3 proteolysis could also be found in plasma of Type 2 diabetics (26%). PMID- 3253106 TI - Increased phospholipid methylation and glycogen phosphorylase activation after a single dose of dexamethasone in mouse liver. AB - Two different effects on phospholipid methylation and glycogen phosphorylase a activation were accomplished by treating mice livers with dexamethasone. A biphasic effect on the glycogen phosphorylase a was determined in the homogenated liver of dexamethasone-treated animals: The enzymatic activity increased between 45 to 90 min and decreased about 3 h. Moreover, the increased activity of glycogen phosphorylase a was also found in adrenalectomized mice. Also, the incorporation of ethanolamine into PE1) and PC1) after 15 min of hormone administration was 77% and 270%, respectively, over the control values. The increase in phospholipid methylation was maintained during the first hour. After 4 h the hormone-treated animals also showed significant differences compared to the controls. Finally, studies of total lipid phosphorus content in the liver fail to show any differences between control and hormone-treated mice. PMID- 3253107 TI - Fatty acid composition of liver lipids during ontogeny of the chick embryo: effect of a single dose of triiodothyronine. AB - Fatty acid composition of chick liver was determined throughout embryo development. Fourteen, seventeen and twenty day old chick embryos as well as newborn chicks were studied. Chromatograms show that in all cases the same fatty acids were presented, even when lipid fractions such as phospholipids, cholesterol and triacylglycerol were studied separately. The lack of poly unsaturated fatty acids is in contrast with the results obtained in previous investigations on rats. A slight increase in the unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio as the embryo grew older was observed. The effect of a single dose of 3-3' 5-Triiodothyronine (T3) on composition of fatty acids throughout the embryonary period was also studied. The hormone only affects fatty acid levels in the 20th and 21st days of incubation. PMID- 3253108 TI - The influence of a steroid hormone and of physical exercise on protein metabolism in rats. AB - The influence of an anabolic steroid hormone preparation and of a physical exercise training program was studied on the nitrogen and protein metabolism in rats with the help of the 15N tracer technique and the emission spectrometric 15N isotope analysis. For the determination of the dynamic parameters of the protein metabolism graphic (stochastic) and computer aided compartmental methods were compared. Using as a stochastic approach the area-method the animals showed significant differences in the protein turnover parameters under the influence of hormone treatment and (or) physical stress by swimming exercise in comparison to the controls. PMID- 3253109 TI - Serum testosterone levels in experimental acute renal failure. AB - In dogs made uremic by bilateral ureteral ligation or by uranyl nitrate injection the serum testosterone levels were investigated. In both experimental models of acute renal failure a profound decrease of serum testosterone was found. The relationship between serum iPTH and testosterone levels was also investigated. The significant negative correlation between them was found in both groups of uremic animals, being more pronounced in the uranyl nitrate induced uremia (r = 0.762, p less than 0.001) than after bilateral ureteral ligation (r = -0.362, p less than 0.05). The simultaneous analysis of serum cortisol levels in both experimental groups as in sham operated controls indicated that stress factors in acute renal failure may also contribute to the testosterone decrease. PMID- 3253110 TI - Relationship between parathyroid hormone and pituitary-testicular axis in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. AB - The effect of secondary hyperparathyroidism upon hormones of the pituitary testicular axis was studied in 39 end-stage kidney disease male patients on maintenance hemodialysis. In hemodialysed patients the mean serum levels of PTH, prolactin and LH were significantly increased, that of testosterone decreased, and of FSH unchanged. PTH and prolactin values were found to be dependent upon residual renal function measured by 24 h urine output. A significant positive correlation was found between the serum levels of PTH and LH (r = 0.405) and between PTH and serum levels of prolactin (r = 0.401). Secondary hyperparathyroidism is suggested to be responsible, at least partly, for sexual dysfunction in male patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 3253112 TI - [Physical properties of the microwave cured denture resins. (2) Effects of gypsum molds on the physical properties of resins]. PMID- 3253111 TI - Serum parathyroid hormone in patients with pheochromocytoma. AB - Studies were performed in seven unselected patients with proven pheochromocytoma pre-operatively. Serum immunoreactive parathormone and calcium levels were found to be normal in all our patients with sustained symptoms and signs of pheochromocytoma. In spite of a high circulating concentration of epinephrine or norepinephrine we did not find out any changes in serum calcium and parathormone levels. PMID- 3253113 TI - [The changes of crowding dentition in the mandibular incisor segments after the removal of deciduous cuspids]. PMID- 3253114 TI - [Our technique of sagittal splitting of the mandibular ramus]. PMID- 3253115 TI - The clinical application of light-cured composite resin inlay in primary molars (II). PMID- 3253116 TI - [The effect of mucin on the spontaneous motility of the frog digestive canal]. PMID- 3253117 TI - [Studies on craniofacial growth in children. Correlation between bone maturation and radiographic cephalogram]. PMID- 3253118 TI - [A comparative study on the results of dental examination in kindergarteners in Fukuoka city (Japan) and Taipei city (Republic of China)]. PMID- 3253119 TI - The influence of endothelial seeding and platelet inhibition on the patency of ePTFE grafts used to replace small arteries--an experimental study. AB - Previous studies on the influence of endothelial seeding on graft patency have shown that significant improvement has only been achieved with Dacron and an experimental, porous PTFE graft. Methods of assessing patency or showing statistical significance could be questioned in some of these studies. To determine if the combination of endothelial cell seeding and antiplatelet agents would improve patency in small-diameter, commercially available expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) grafts, we placed ePTFE grafts into the left carotid position in two groups of mongrel dogs. All grafts were 4 mm internal diameter and 60 mm long, and were interposed in an end-to-end fashion. Both groups received aspirin (80 mg daily) and dipyridamole (25 mg daily) for 14 days, beginning immediately prior to surgery. In Group I (n = 12), the grafts were seeded with enzymatically harvested autogenous endothelium just prior to implantation; in Group II (n = 10) the grafts were not seeded. All grafts were removed at 30 days. Seven of 12 (58%) seeded grafts, but only one control graft (10%) remained patent (P = 0.03). Six of the seven seeded grafts exhibited surface endothelium, but the single patent control graft did not. The inner capsule of the seeded grafts consisted of a monolayer of endothelium and a thin acellular subendothelial matrix with an average thickness of 8 mu. We conclude that a 14-day course of anti-platelet agents combined with endothelial seeding of ePTFE resulted in significantly improved patency compared to controls, with most patent, seeded grafts developing an endothelial lining in 30 days. PMID- 3253120 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen tension exercise profile. A method for objectively assessing the results after reconstructive peripheral arterial surgery. AB - Transcutaneous oxygen tension during exercise (TcPo2 exercise profile) was measured on the foot in 10 patients before reconstructive vascular surgery and 9 and 18 months later. The preoperative TcPo2 exercise profiles were abnormal in all 10 patients. In 9 of the patients the reconstructions were successful. In these patients the TcPo2 exercise profiles reverted to normal. In a control group of six healthy persons no significant changes in TcPo2 were observed during the follow-up period of 18 months. The reproducibility determined as the total week to-week variation of claudicants and controls was 8%. The TcPo2 exercise test is suitable for monitoring the patient after reconstructive surgery, because it is based exclusively on objective data is non-invasive and the measurements are reproducible. PMID- 3253121 TI - Further experience in the healing rate of lower limb amputations. AB - Results of lower limb amputation in the Tayside Region in the years 1981-1985 have been analysed. Three-hundred and twenty-four amputations were performed on three-hundred and eight patients. Two-hundred and thirty-six amputations were attempted at the below-knee level. Only 19 required proximal revision. Prior to amputation, all patients should have a detailed vascular assessment, and the operation should be performed by experienced amputation surgeons using meticulous technique. PMID- 3253122 TI - Epidural vs general anaesthesia and leg blood flow in patients with occlusive atherosclerotic disease. AB - Total leg blood flow (plethysmography), skin blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry), and haemodynamic stability (MAP, HR, RPP) were studied in vascular (ABI less than 1.0; n = 31) and in non-vascular (ABI greater than 1.0; n = 24) surgical patients during epidural or fentanyl-supplemented general anaesthesia. During epidural anaesthesia significant increases in total leg blood flow were observed in vascular (from 1.9 +/- 0.2 to about 3 ml/100 ml tissue/min) as well as in non-vascular (from 2.5 +/- 0.6 to about 7 ml/100 ml tissue/min) patients and leg blood flow remained high in the postanaesthetic period. During general anaesthesia total leg blood did not increase, either in vascular or in non vascular patients, and in the postanaesthetic period blood flow values even lower than the initial ones were observed. Skin blood flow increased about 4-fold in vascular as well as in non-vascular patients following both types of anaesthesia. In the immediate postanaesthetic period low flow values were again observed but only in the general anaesthesia groups. In vascular patients no critical redistribution of blood flow within the limb was observed irrespective of the type of anaesthesia. Good haemodynamic stability could only be maintained in the epidural group. It is concluded that epidural anaesthesia seems to offer considerable advantages over general anaesthesia for high-risk vascular patients during arterial reconstructions since better haemodynamic stability and higher leg blood flow can be achieved. PMID- 3253123 TI - Systemic effects associated with intermittent claudication. A model to study biochemical aspects of vascular disease? AB - Patients with intermittent claudication were used as a clinical model to study the effects of transient episodes of ischaemia. Compared with age and sex matched controls significantly greater increases in serum lipid peroxides and urinary microalbumin occurred after exercise. These results suggest that even relatively minor ischaemic episodes, as occur with claudication, are sufficient to cause tissue damage which may be mediated by oxygen derived free radicals. There are also changes in renal permselectivity suggestive of a generalised increase in vascular permeability. These preliminary findings may have important diagnostic, aetiological and therapeutic implications for patients with vascular disease. PMID- 3253124 TI - The true incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - The number of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA) was documented over an 8 year-period in a known population age group. Patient figures were collected from the operative and post-mortem registers in the Worthing Health District. The overall mean incidence of RAAA was 13.9/100,000 patient years, although the incidence was noted to increase from 9.2 to 17.5/100,000 patient years during this period. The incidence in the male population rose from 4.7/100,000 for those in the fifth decade to 184.8/100,000 for those above 80. For patients undergoing operation, the peri-operative survival was 38%, however the overall survival was 11% as 64% of patients died at home. These figures demonstrate an increasing incidence of ruptured AAA. They also add support to the need for screening of asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms and elective repair if the incidence and hence mortality is to be reduced. PMID- 3253125 TI - The incidence of ureteral obstruction secondary to aorto-femoral bypass surgery. A prospective study. AB - Hydronephrosis is reported to be an infrequent complication of aorto-femoral bypass operations. To define the true incidence of this complication, renography (131I-Hippuran) and renal scintigraphy (99 Technetium) were performed both pre- and postoperatively on 56 asymptomatic patients following successful aortic reconstruction. No patient developed signs of ureteral obstruction. It is concluded that hydronephrosis is a rare complication to aorto-femoral bypass surgery and postoperative control is only indicated in patients with symptoms from the urinary tract. PMID- 3253127 TI - Who should treat diabetic retinopathy? PMID- 3253126 TI - Arteriovenous fistulae of the vertebral artery. Two cases successfully managed by surgery. PMID- 3253128 TI - Intraocular lens power calculation. AB - Accurate intraocular lens power calculation is an important adjunct to the technique of extracapsular cataract extraction. An increasing number of ophthalmologists now perform preoperative biometry routinely. We studied a group of fifty patients and analysed the accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation using the SRK formula. PMID- 3253129 TI - Secondary lens implantation: incidence, indications and complications. AB - A retrospective study of 79 secondary intraocular lens implants performed during 1984-87 in a large teaching hospital is reported. The period of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3.9 years (mean 16.6 months). The principal indication for surgery was contact lens intolerance. Thirty-four per cent of the patients had previously undergone cataract surgery with implantation of the other eye. Eighty three per cent of the patients achieved a visual acuity within one Snellen line of best-corrected preoperative visual acuity. A further 2.5% lost two lines of Snellen chart acuity, and 14.5% had a substantial reduction in visual acuity. We conclude that in carefully selected patients secondary intraocular lens implantation is an acceptable and often highly successful way of treating monocular aphakia and we discuss the selection and preoperative investigation of such patients. PMID- 3253130 TI - A new form of damage to PMMA intraocular lenses by Nd:YAG laser photodisruptors. AB - The damage that Nd:YAG laser radiation can cause to plastic (PMMA) IOLs during pseudophakic capsulotomy is well documented in the literature. This damage is the result of direct plasma action on the lens material. We report here another form of damage to PMMA IOLs which is more subtle and does not result from plasma action in the plastic. Even when the irradiance within the IOL is well below the threshold for optical breakdown, the PMMA can be damaged if irradiated by many laser pulses. This subthreshold damage is therefore cumulative. Its importance, likelihood of occurrence and ways to minimise this are considered. PMID- 3253131 TI - Colour discrimination in pseudophakia. AB - A study was undertaken to examine the colour discrimination of fifty pseudophakic patients and to compare results with fifty age matched normal observers. Using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test and Desaturated panel D15, performance does not differ significantly from the age matched normals, although a theoretically superior colour discriminative ability might be expected in pseudophakia. A slight trend for increasing error scores with advancing age in pseudophakia lends some support to the importance of neural factors in the ageing of colour discrimination. Several other factors influencing colour vision in pseudophakia are discussed. PMID- 3253132 TI - Non-contact retinal photocoagulation using the Volk +90 dioptre lens. AB - The Volk +90 dioptre lens offers a stereoscopic, wide-field (60 degrees) retinal view without the disadvantage of contact funduscopy. Used in conjunction with the slit-lamp, the lens gives a bright, inverted, magnified image of the posterior segment. Its uses in the diagnosis of posterior pole pathology, detailed examination of the optic disc and fundus photography are well established. PMID- 3253133 TI - Retinal circulation responses to systemic autonomic nerve stimulation. AB - The retinal vessel calibre responses to controlled stimulation of the autonomic nervous system were studied in 10 healthy subjects, using sustained isometric muscle contraction as stimulus. Each subject was studied twice using different mydriatic agents, (1) g.tropicamide 1% a parasympatholytic agent and (2) g. phenylephrine 10% a sympathetic agonist. In the tropicamide study, there was a mean arteriolar constriction of 8.1% (SEM 1.67, p less than 0.001) and venule constriction of 3.7% (SEM 0.85, p less than 0.001) with a mean rise in diastolic blood pressure of 27.4 mmHg (SEM 2.95, range: 13-45 mmHg). When g. phenylephrine 10% was used, there was a mean arteriolar constriction of 8.6% (SEM 1.68, p less than 0.001) and venule constriction of 4.8% (SEM 1.22, p less than 0.001) with a mean rise in diastolic blood pressure of 29.2 mmHg (SEM 2.56, range: 17-44 mmHg). There was no significant difference in retinal vessel calibre in the recovery phase compared to baseline phase (p greater than 0.05) or between the two mydriatic agents on vessel responses (p greater than 0.05). There was no correlation between the rise in diastolic blood pressure and the degree of retinal vessel constriction, during handgrip contraction in either study. This study has demonstrated a significant association between retinal vessel calibre and systemic autonomic nerve stimulation. The possible mechanisms for the retinal vessel constriction observed in this study are discussed. PMID- 3253134 TI - The prevalence of retinopathy in the insulin-requiring diabetic patients of an English country town. AB - A population-based survey of the insulin-requiring diabetics of a representative population was carried out. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 10.9/1000, that of insulin-requiring diabetes 4.1/1000. No retinopathy was found in 59%, background retinopathy was found in 33% and proliferative and advanced disease in 8%, diabetic maculopathy was present in 6.8% and the prevalence of potentially treatable disease undetected was 7.6%. Significant risk factors identified for retinopathy were increased duration of diabetes and elevated diastolic blood pressure, those for maculopathy an increased age at examination and onset of diabetes and an elevated systolic blood pressure. PMID- 3253135 TI - Blindness in the city of Nottingham (1980-1985). AB - An analysis has been made of data obtained from all available blind and partially sighted registration forms (Form BD8) for the City of Nottingham between the years 1980 and 1985 inclusive. Senile macular degeneration was the commonest cause for registration followed by glaucoma and then diabetic retinopathy. The rate of registration per 100,000 of population for different age groups is compared with similar figures for all England obtained 10 years previously. There is an apparent increase in the rate of registration of senile macular degeneration but a reduction in the rate of registration of glaucoma and cataract. The rate of registration of patients with diabetic retinopathy is also reduced but only in elderly patients. PMID- 3253136 TI - The significance of ophthalmological symptoms in idiopathic blepharospasm. AB - Two hundred and seventy-two patients with idiopathic blepharospasm were reviewed to establish the role of local eye disease in their illness. The majority of patients (57%) had symptoms at the onset of their illness such as dryness of the eyes, grittiness, irritation or photophobia suggesting eye lid or ocular surface disease. Detailed ophthalmological examination at the time of presentation had been carried out in 170 of the 272 cases; 64% of these patients had ocular symptoms, and 40% had demonstrable ocular surface or eye lid pathology. Such pathology was usually bilateral, chronic and resistant to local treatment. Blepharospasm developed in these patients after a long latent period, often of many years. Unilateral pathology was acute, normally responded well to local treatment, but was followed by the development of bilateral blepharospasm usually within six months. Amongst all 272 patients, those without ocular symptoms at presentation rarely developed them subsequently; if they did, there were no abnormal signs. The data suggest that ophthalmological disorders may trigger idiopathic blepharospasm in a substantial proportion of cases predisposed to develop this condition. PMID- 3253137 TI - Follicular conjunctivitis on Dipivefrin therapy for glaucoma. AB - Dipivefrin (Propine) is an effective ocular hypotensive agent. Follicular conjunctivitis has been observed in an unexpectedly high incidence of glaucoma patients on this topical therapy. Severe discomfort was experienced by a few patients. Follicles resolved after withdrawal of this medication, but may persist or recur upon subsequent treatment with other adrenaline related compounds. Regular examination of the conjunctiva is recommended for early signs of this side-effect, which initially may be symptom free. PMID- 3253138 TI - A genetic linkage study of a family with Norrie's disease. AB - A family having one member with Norrie's disease, X-linked retinal dysplasia associated with hearing loss and mental retardation, was studied using DNA markers. The DNA markers were used to try and confirm the diagnosis of Norrie's disease by detecting a deletion of the X chromosome. Linkage analysis using the polymorphic DNA markers was performed and this allowed more accurate determination of the carrier status of two sisters of the affected boy than by empiric risk calculation. The advantage of multiple polymorphic DNA markers for linkage analysis is illustrated. PMID- 3253139 TI - [Right ventricular dysfunction in demand-induced ischemia in patients with isolated right coronary artery disease: a radioisotope study]. AB - In ischemic heart disease, the left ventricle has been considered the main target of an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Accordingly, the approach to ischemia has been directed at the evaluation of the left ventricle. The aim of this study was to assess the relative involvement of the left and right ventricle in patients with isolated right coronary artery stenosis. We studied 20 patients with a clinical history of effort angina (15 male, 5 female, mean age 54.1 +/- 6.2) using radionuclide angiography and atrial pacing. Findings were compared with those of 6 normal subjects that were paced at the maximal heart rate of 150 beats/min. Atrial pacing was interrupted because of diagnostic ST segment depression in 8 patients, Wenckebach type atrioventricular block in 1, chest pain without electrocardiographic changes in 4 and the achievement of the maximal prefixed heart rate of 150 beats/minute in 7. With respect to control conditions, during atrial pacing right ventricular ejection fraction declined from 46.8 +/- 6.8% to 37.4 +/- 8.1% (p less than 0.001), while no significant change was observed in left ventricular ejection fraction values (55.2 +/- 4.5% and 51.1 +/- 10.2% respectively). During atrial pacing, left ventricular peak filling rate increased from 1.77 +/- 0.53 to 4.71 +/- 1.8 end-diastolic volumes/second (p less than 0.0001). Qualitative analysis of regional wall motion showed a right ventricular dysfunction in 19/20 patients; this was prevalent in 9 and involving also the left ventricle in 10; an isolated impairment of the left ventricle was observed in 1 patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3253140 TI - [Which moments in the respiratory cycle have the most influence on right ventricular dynamics?]. AB - The performance of the right heart during respiratory activity has mostly been studied in terms of changes in flow and pressure in pulmonary circulation. The aim of this study was to identify which moments of the respiratory cycle exert the greatest influence on right ventricular dynamics. Thus, the behaviour of the right ventricular systolic time intervals and pulmonary artery pressures, expressed both as intravascular (Piv) and transmural (Ptm), were investigated to this end. Investigations were carried out on 10 anesthetized spontaneously breathing beagle dogs using high-fidelity pressure transducers (MPC 500, Millar Instr.) and by making use of a computerized system of signal recording and analysis. Changes in right ventricular systolic time intervals were evident during transition from inspiration to expiration and at the beginning of expiration. In fact, compared to spontaneous post-expiratory pause values, the so called Rapid Ejection and Slow Ejection Phases, and therefore the Total Ejection Period, were significantly shortened (p less than 0.01 for both) only at early expiration, whereas during the same phase of the respiratory cycle the Isovolumetric Contraction Time and the total Pre-ejection Period were significantly prolonged (p less than 0.01 for both). During the transition from inspiration to expiration, the right ventricular systolic "plateau" very often presented an ascending slant, i.e., reaching maximum pressure in late instead of early systole, as usually observed in the other moments of the respiratory cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3253141 TI - [Primary tumors of the right ventricle: apropos of a case of hemangioendothelioma treated surgically]. AB - Primary tumours of the heart are uncommon and, among them, hemangioendotheliomas are exceptionally rare. The purpose of this paper is to present a rare case of right ventricular hemangioendothelioma treated surgically with success. PMID- 3253142 TI - [Cardiac rhabdomyoma in a newborn infant with tuberous sclerosis. Value of 2 dimensional and Doppler echocardiography]. AB - Cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most frequent primary cardiac tumors in infancy and childhood and in about 50% of cases are associated with tuberous sclerosis. They are often responsible for a high mortality rate because of their critical location and extent of involvement. This report describes a patient with tuberous sclerosis and multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas, both intramyocardial and intracavitary--diagnosed by two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography at birth. The infant was followed till nine months of age. To date, the tumors have not increased their size and don't provoke moderate or severe obstruction of blood flow. The child is, at present, free from cardiac signs and symptoms, and does not take digitalis or diuretics. We have not detected any arrhythmias. Two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography are very useful non-invasive techniques in the diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up of patients with cardiac rhabdomyomas. PMID- 3253143 TI - [The Monica Project of the "Brianza Area". Distribution of coronary risk factors]. AB - Results observed in the first coronary risk factor survey of the WHO-MONICA project, "Area Brianza", are reported here and discussed. Methods and quality controls were performed according to the MONICA operation manual. A stratified random sample of 1600 subjects, 200 males and females for each decade between the ages of 25 and 64 years, was obtained from a target population of 453,762 residents. The smoking habit was taken into account and total cholesterol, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, height and weight with subsequent calculation of body mass index were measured. Forty-nine per cent of males and twenty-four per cent of females are smokers. Mean total cholesterol is 212.45 mg/100 ml in males and 203.3 in females. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure are, respectively, 133/86 mmHg in males and 128/82 in females, with a respective 25% and 19% prevalence in hypertensive subjects. Five per cent of males and ten per cent of females are obese. The distribution of coronary risk factors in the Brianza area is very similar to the national one, as observed by comparable surveys. However, similar studies in the United States show a better control of coronary risk factors which is probably the result of prolonged and systematic primary preventive action. The necessity of prevention in our country is stressed by the level of risk which is rather higher than the levels suggested by recent consensus conferences. PMID- 3253144 TI - [Parameters indicative of the prognosis and efficacy of therapy in heart failure]. PMID- 3253145 TI - [Plasma ultrafiltration]. PMID- 3253147 TI - The future of gerontology in higher education: continuing to open the American mind about aging. PMID- 3253146 TI - A decade of reminders: changing age consciousness between fifty and sixty years old. PMID- 3253148 TI - The role of anticipatory bereavement in older women's adjustment to widowhood. PMID- 3253149 TI - Communication training of relatives and friends of institutionalized elderly persons. PMID- 3253150 TI - Changing elderly persons' attitudes toward mental health professionals. PMID- 3253152 TI - Gutmann responds to Troll's review of his book. PMID- 3253151 TI - Late style in the novels of Barbara Pym and Penelope Mortimer. PMID- 3253153 TI - [Effect of the hormonal estrogen-progestagen preparation Loveston on gland cells of the endometrium in the rat]. PMID- 3253154 TI - Plasma lipid peroxidation in pre-eclampsia. PMID- 3253155 TI - Decreased activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione content in uterine cervix cancer. PMID- 3253156 TI - [Surgical conization as a therapeutic method in CIN III]. PMID- 3253157 TI - [Cyclic impotence in male infertility]. PMID- 3253158 TI - The maintenance of human rights. PMID- 3253159 TI - The relationship between nurses' image & professional. PMID- 3253160 TI - Anaemia in pregnancy. PMID- 3253161 TI - Tetanus. PMID- 3253162 TI - [Happy angel: closure of cleft lip]. PMID- 3253164 TI - [Hemorrhoidectomy]. PMID- 3253163 TI - [Varicose vein of lower limbs]. PMID- 3253165 TI - [Studies on immunobiological properties of outer envelope of leptospires]. PMID- 3253166 TI - [Reconstitution of Pseudomonas maltophilia HCG receptor to liposomes by dialysis method]. PMID- 3253168 TI - [Applications of Bayesian method in genetic counselling]. PMID- 3253167 TI - [Determination of ADA activity in amniotic fluid by ammonia gas-sensing electrode]. PMID- 3253169 TI - [Effect of microwave irradiation on spermatozoa of rat epididymis in vivo]. PMID- 3253170 TI - [Effect of microwave radiation on morphology and histochemical changes in rat epididymis]. PMID- 3253171 TI - [Measurement of bone mineral content of calcaneus by monophoton absorptiometry]. PMID- 3253172 TI - [Fixed value of systematic error of capillary viscosimeter]. PMID- 3253173 TI - [Observation of light and electron microscopic structure of pancreas in acute haemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis induced by sodium taurocholate in rats]. PMID- 3253174 TI - [Dynamic analysis of organic acids in the extracellular fluids of human dental plaques]. PMID- 3253175 TI - [Breath hydrogen test and lactose malabsorption]. PMID- 3253176 TI - [Investigation on sexual development of children between 7 and 15 years in rural areas of Deyang County, Sichuan Province]. PMID- 3253177 TI - [Screening of 6314 children in Chengdu for hematuria, proteinuria and bacteriuria]. PMID- 3253178 TI - [Correlation between estrogen and progestin receptor protein and histopathology in ovarian tumor]. PMID- 3253179 TI - [Determination of positive judgment standards in lung function indices]. PMID- 3253180 TI - [Effect of gemfibrozil on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in diabetes mellitus with dyslipidemia]. PMID- 3253181 TI - [Alteration of platelet function in myeloproliferative disorder and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3253182 TI - [The synthesis and antineoplastic activity of substituted benzaldehyde arylsulfonylhydrazones]. PMID- 3253183 TI - [Studies on the stability of ternary complexes of glycine and DL-alanine with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II)]. PMID- 3253184 TI - [Antihypercholesterolemic and antisteatotic effect of Konjac-polysaccharide in rats fed high cholesterol diet]. PMID- 3253185 TI - [Masked cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 3253186 TI - [Parasitologic studies on an indigenous case of creeping dermatitis in Sardinia]. PMID- 3253187 TI - [Sturge-Weber syndrome. Clinico-therapeutic study of 107 patients]. PMID- 3253189 TI - Study of serum calcium and magnesium in leprosy. PMID- 3253188 TI - [Skin and mucosal candidiasis. Typification of species isolated from a limited caseload and in vitro study of the activity of some antifungal drugs on isolated strains]. PMID- 3253190 TI - Pharmaceutical products and government policies. PMID- 3253191 TI - Carbachol as miotic agent in intra-ocular lens implant surgery. PMID- 3253192 TI - Pars plana or anterior lensectomy for traumatic cataracts? PMID- 3253193 TI - Lacrimination in Sjogren's syndrome. Is Schirmer's test really a useful diagnostic tool? PMID- 3253194 TI - Conjunctival mucus ferning in hypovitaminosis A. PMID- 3253195 TI - Congenital colobomas of the eyelid. PMID- 3253196 TI - Vision threatening diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 3253197 TI - Lid reconstruction for kissing naevus. PMID- 3253198 TI - Recent non-surgical approach in the treatment of chalazion. PMID- 3253199 TI - Acquired double depressor palsy following acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. PMID- 3253200 TI - A comparative study of ibuprofen with paracetamol versus oxyphenbutazone with analgin combination in ophthalmic practice. PMID- 3253201 TI - Cation and water transport during maturation of cortical cataract. PMID- 3253202 TI - Ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by the sheep nasal botfly Oestrus ovis. PMID- 3253203 TI - Abnormal presentation of Peters' anomaly. PMID- 3253204 TI - Situs inversus of the optic disc. PMID- 3253205 TI - Von Hippel Lindau disease. PMID- 3253206 TI - From darkness to light. PMID- 3253207 TI - Ascorbic acid estimation in aqueous humour of normal cataractous and aphakic eyes. PMID- 3253208 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, an Indian perspective. PMID- 3253210 TI - A prospective comparison between trabeculectomy, Scheie's sclerostomy under scleral flap operation and thermal (Sub Scleral Scheie's) procedure. PMID- 3253209 TI - Combined trabeculectomy and cataract extraction--a retrospective study. PMID- 3253211 TI - Comparative evaluation of Jones pyrex tubes and polyethylene tubes in conjunctivo dacryocystorhinostomy. PMID- 3253212 TI - Cryo surgery for lid tumors. PMID- 3253213 TI - Proprioceptive reflexes in exodeviations. PMID- 3253215 TI - Congenital glaucoma--an association with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita--a case report. PMID- 3253214 TI - Computerised tomography of the orbits. PMID- 3253216 TI - Conjunctival cyst after retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 3253217 TI - Chronopharmacological study of furosemide in human subjects. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine whether the diuretic effects of furosemide depend on the administration time or not. After furosemide 20 mg or a placebo was administered intravenously in 12 human subjects at 09h00 or at 21h00, urine volume and urinary excretion of sodium, chloride and furosemide were determined for 3 h. There were no significant differences in the amount of urine, or of urinary excretion of sodium and chloride between when a placebo was given at 09h00 and when it was given at 21h00. When furosemide was administered at 21h00, the urine volume and urinary excretion of sodium, chloride and furosemide during the first 60 min were significantly greater than those, when the drug was administered at 09h00. There was a marked correlation between the urinary output of furosmeide and the urine volume, urinary sodium and urinary chloride. These results suggest that the diuretic effects of furosemide vary with the time of administration and the observed variations are mainly dependent on the amount of furosemide secreted into urine. PMID- 3253218 TI - Blood levels of progabide and its active metabolite in epileptic patients: relationships to the therapeutic outcome. AB - To assess the relationships between the efficacy and blood levels of progabide (PGB) and its active acidic metabolite (PGA) in epileptics, observations were carried out on 89 adult patients with epilepsy of different types and severity in two groups at Paris and Genoa. The Paris group received progabide in addition to other antiepileptic drugs for 6 to 12 months, whereas the Genoa group received a polytherapy for the first two months then a monotherapy with progabide alone for up to 22 months. Blood levels from monthly or bimonthly samples were significantly higher in both surveys when there was a satisfactory therapeutic response and levels were also higher in those receiving monotherapy suggesting a synergism among antiepileptic drugs. It is concluded that therapeutic drug monitoring of PGB and PGA blood concentrations may be a useful technique in optimizing progabide treatment in epileptic patients. PMID- 3253219 TI - R-wave voltage in the right precordial leads in anthracycline cardiomyopathy: a clinical study. AB - It was observed that the QS pattern in the right precordial leads of electrocardiograms of patients treated with anthracycline antibiotics resulted in congestive heart failure. In a review of the literature dealing with patients with anthracycline cardiomyopathy, terminal electrocardiograms, when available, showed the QS pattern in the right precordial leads in all patients. The relationship between a decreased R-wave voltage in lead V1 and an increase of the anthracycline dose was evaluated by a clinical study of ten patients. Analysis was subdivided into two categories (group A and B). In group A, there was a dose response relationship. Electrocardiograms in group B, on the other hand, did not show low R-waves. The present study suggests that increased injury to myocardial cells in the regions of the anterior septum and anterior left ventricular wall might be important in the pathogenesis of anthracycline cardiomyopathy. Patients in group B seemed to be able to tolerate chronic anthracycline cardiac toxicity. PMID- 3253220 TI - Cryptococcal antigen survey among racing pigeon workers and patients with cryptococcosis, pythiosis, histoplasmosis and penicilliosis. AB - The cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination system (CALAS) test is simple, sensitive and specific. A total of 129 serum samples, 29 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) and one ascitic fluid from 143 subjects were tested in the study. Cryptococcal antigenaemia was present in all CSF specimens tested from patients with culture-proven cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcaemia, and in 91% of tested serum from the same group of patients with cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcaemia. The occurrence of false positive results among sera obtained from patients with phycomycosis (zygomycosis) due to Mucor spp., Conidiobolus coronata and Pythium spp., and from patients with Penicillium marneffei infections, was not observed. A random survey of 101 high risk subjects, who had fed pigeons for two months up to 40 years, for cryptococcal antigenaemia was also carried out and 4% were positive for cryptococcal antigenaemia. Of 14 Cryptococcus neoformans strains obtained from CSF cultures of patients with cryptococcal meningitis, and with cryptococcaemia, during 1977-1986, ten strains were serotype A and D, and four strains were serotype B and C. PMID- 3253221 TI - Effect of imipenem treatment versus imipenem surgical prophylaxis on the intestinal microflora. AB - The impact of imipenem treatment versus imipenem surgical prophylaxis on the intestinal microflora was investigated in 40 patients. Ten patients received 0.5 g imipenem four times a day and ten patients 1.0 g imipenem four times a day for four to 11 days for treatment of different infections. The imipenem treatment was associated with minor to moderate changes in the intestinal flora. There was a decrease in the numbers of enterobacteria, anaerobic cocci and bacteroides during treatment, but afterwards the microflora was normalized in all patients. No new colonization with imipenem-resistant bacteria was seen. No concentrations of imipenem in faeces were observed. Twenty patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery participated in the imipenem surgical prophylaxis group. To ten patients, imipenem was given in a dose of 0.5 g at induction of anaesthesia followed by subsequent doses of 0.5 g at 6 h intervals for 48 h. The other ten patients received 1 g imipenem at 6 h intervals for 48 h. The aerobic bacteria - staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci and enterobacteria - were suppressed significantly during the prophylaxis period. Among the anaerobic bacteria, cocci, bifidobacteria, eubacteria, lactobacilli, clostridia, fusobacteria and bacteroides decreased markedly during the same period. The microflora was normalized after two weeks. The imipenem concentrations in the intestinal mucosa varied between 0.1-3.6 mg/kg for the dose of 0.5 g and 3.2-13.4 mg/kg for the dose of 1.0 g, and the concentrations in the faecal samples were between 0.1-5.0 mg/kg and 0.7-11.3 mg/kg respectively. PMID- 3253222 TI - Effect of Carbolevure on intestinal fermentation induced by the ingestion of lactulose. AB - A double-blind trial involving two parallel groups of healthy volunteers was carried out in order to determine whether Carbolevure was capable of decreasing the over-production of intestinal gas induced by the ingestion of 15 ml of lactulose, a synthetic disaccharide not absorbed by the small intestine. Catabolism of this substrate by the anaerobic bacterial flora produces hydrogen, a constant fraction of which diffuses from the intestinal lumen into the blood, later to be excreted in expired air. Hydrogen levels were measured in air samples collected at the end of forced expiration. This hydrogen respiratory test was carried out before and after administration of Carbolevure to 17 volunteers or of a placebo to 15 volunteers, at a dose of three capsules morning and evening for seven days. Comparison of measurements of expired hydrogen by the subjects before and after administration showed a decrease in both groups. However, this decrease was statistically significant only in the group of volunteers having received Carbolevure. PMID- 3253223 TI - Xibornol: multiple dose pharmacokinetics and diffusion in lung, tonsillar tissue and laryngeal mucosa. AB - In ten patients with severe chronic bronchitis and in a further 23 with planned resection of lung, tonsils or larynx, 500 mg doses, single or multiple, of xibornol (6-isobronyl-3, 4-xylenol) were administered for an antibacterial effect. The pharmacokinetics and diffusion of the drug in the tissues were studied. A high diffusion and distribution value of xibornol was observed, with levels in the tissues constantly higher than that in the serum. The concentrations reached within the respiratory tract were adequate for their antibacterial effect. PMID- 3253224 TI - Lack of interaction between zolpidem and H2 antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine. AB - Zolpidem is a new imidazopyridine derivative acting as a hypnotic which may be prescribed with H2 receptor antagonists in patients with peptic ulcer. A cross over study (cimetidine, 1 g daily for 19 days; ranitidine, 300 mg daily for 19 days; wash-out period: 20 days) was carried out in six healthy volunteers. Zolpidem, 20 mg was administered orally at 09h00 prior to any treatment and on days 2 and 17 of each treatment period. Antipyrine clearance was also determined before and on day 18 of each treatment period. Under these experimental conditions, the inhibitory effect of cimetidine on the Cyt P-450 mono-oxygenase system has been demonstrated (reduced clearance of antipyrine, p less than 0.01) but the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem did not appear to be modified. Zolpidem induced hypnotic effects for the first 3 h which tend to be prolonged by the combination with cimetidine. Psychometric and pharmacokinetic evaluations did not show significant interactions with either anti-H2 receptor agent following zolpidem administration. PMID- 3253226 TI - Studies in the field of hydric nourishment: experimental research. Proceedings of a symposium presented at the First International Congress on Food and Health. Salsomaggiore Terme, Italy, 28-31 October 1985. PMID- 3253225 TI - No effect of ketoconazole on thyroid function of normal subjects and hypothyroid patients. AB - To investigate a possible inhibitory effect of the antifungal agent ketoconazole on thyroid function, five patients with hypothyroidism and ten normal subjects were treated with ketoconazole at high doses (600 mg/daily in three 20-mg oral doses) for four weeks. The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and also TT3, TT4, FT3 and FT4, were measured before and after the end of treatment. In all of the subjects of our study, both normal and hypothyroid patients no significant modifications of circulating thyroid hormones and TSH were detected. Both normal and hypothyroid subjects did not show clinical changes of thyroid function as compared with the basal condition. These findings do not support any inhibitory effect of ketoconazole on the synthesis of thyroid hormones and thyroid function. PMID- 3253227 TI - Bacterial species detected in some bottled mineral waters sold in Italy. AB - A total of 51 samples from 32 different kinds of mineral water were examined to investigate their microbial facies in view of a possible relationship with ionic composition. No difference was found between mineral and oligomineral waters. The genera most represented were Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Alcaligenes; only rarely could members of these genera be assigned precisely to a defined species, because many strains showed intermediate patterns. The authors suggest widening the microbiological examination of mineral waters and improving ecological and taxonomic knowledge of the autochthonous species in all processing phases in order to evaluate not only their compliance with the law, but also the variations imposed on microflora by different conditions related to container materials, time and temperature of storage. PMID- 3253228 TI - On the presence and identification of organic substances in drinking water and mineral waters. AB - The identification of organic substances present in mineral water has engaged the interest of hydrologists since the last century. Nowadays these organic substances, even if present in very small quantities, can usually be identified thanks to the remarkable progress made in various techniques of isolation, resolution, identification and dosage. The authors report the results achieved using a methodology of concentration by means of active coals and identification with thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 3253229 TI - Left ventricular structure and function, assessed by imaging and Doppler echocardiography, in athletes engaged in throwing events. AB - Ten male athletes engaged in throwing events and ten control subjects, matched for age, height, and weight, were investigated with echocardiography and Doppler velocimetry to assess cardiac structure and systolic and diastolic left ventricular function at rest. Left ventricular (LV) internal diameter, wall thickness, LV mass, and systolic LV function were not different between athletes and nonathletes. The possibility that strength training could alter LV diastolic function was further investigated. Both early diastolic function, estimated from the velocity of LV relaxation and the LV inflow pattern, and late diastolic function, assessed by Doppler velocimetry, were similar in throwers and controls. The unchanged ratio of the peak velocities of LV filing during atrial contraction and early filling suggests that LV distensibility is unaltered in these athletes. In conclusion, the amount and type of training performed by these throwers was not associated with changes in LV structure and function. PMID- 3253230 TI - Variations in exercise systolic blood pressure in physically active middle-aged men with normal and elevated blood pressure. AB - Considerable interindividual variation in the response of blood pressure to exercise has been found. In this study the response of systolic blood pressure during a progressive maximal bicycle ergometer test was investigated in 747 physically active male subjects over age of 40 years with normal, borderline elevated, and elevated resting blood pressure. The influence of several subject characteristics on this response was studied: 53% of variation in exercise systolic blood pressure (eSBP) could be explained by work load, pre-eSBP, and maximal working capacity (Wmax). No difference in the slope of eSBP during the exercise test was seen between the three groups. Subjects with higher Wmax had lower systolic blood pressures at the same work load compared with subjects with a lower Wmax. Subjects in the elevated blood pressure group had significantly lower Wmax, although maximal heart rate and lactate were similar. Other variables were not significantly associated with eSBP. PMID- 3253231 TI - Effects of continuous and interval training on the parameters of the power endurance time relationship for high-intensity exercise. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks of low-intensity continuous exercise training (CE; 40 min at 50% VO2peak, 3 days/week) and high intensity interval exercise training (IE: 10 x 2 min at VO2peak, 3 days/week) on the parameters of the power-endurance time relationship for cycle ergometry. The hyperbolic relationship between power and endurance time was linearized by expressing the power against the inverse of time, as described by Whipp et al. (22). This model consists of two parameters: theta f, a fatigue threshold reflecting the capability for sustained aerobic power, and W', a constant postulated to reflect a finite energy store (i.e., those factors comprising the O2 deficit: Phosphagen stores, anaerobic glycogenolysis, myoglobin O2 stores). Prior to training, test-retest reliability coefficients (r2) for theta f and W' were 0.92 and 0.62, respectively (P less than 0.01). Training resulted in significant (P less than 0.01) increases in theta f for both CE [27 +/- 3 W (13.4%) increase] and IE [33 +/- 5 W (15.0%) increase], with no difference between groups. Increases in theta f were not dependent upon improvements in VO2peak. W' was not changed significantly in either group after training. However, a significant negative correlation between the training-induced changes in theta f and W' (R = 0.76; P less than 0.01) was obtained. The minimum intensity threshold for exercise training necessary to elicit increases in theta f has yet to be identified, but is at least as low as 50% of VO2peak. PMID- 3253232 TI - Daily hormonal and neuromuscular responses to intensive strength training in 1 week. AB - Daily adaptive responses in the neuromuscular and endocrine systems to a 1-week very intensive strength training period with two training sessions per day were investigated in eight elite weight lifters. The morning and the afternoon sessions resulted in acute decreases (P less than 0.05-0.01) in maximal isometric strength and in the maximal neural activation (iEMG) of the leg extensor muscles, but the basic levels remained unaltered during the entire training period. Significant (P less than 0.05-0.01) acute increases in serum total and free testosterone levels were found during the afternoon sessions. During the 1-week training period, serum total and free testosterone concentrations decreased gradually (P less than 0.05-0.001) as observed in the basic morning values before the sessions, but after 1 day of rest serum total and free testosterone reached (P less than 0.01 and 0.05) the pretraining level. The sessions resulted also in acute changes (P less than 0.05-0.01) in serum cortisol and somatotropin concentrations, but the basic morning levels did not change during the training period. The present findings suggest that during a short period of intense strength training the changes especially in serum testosterone concentrations indicate the magnitude of physiologic stress of training. The acute changes in serum hormone concentrations during a period of a few days do not, however, necessarily directly imply the changes in performance capacity. A longer period of follow-up lasting a few weeks is probably needed if an individual trainability status of a strength athlete is to be evaluated on the basis of the hormone determinations. PMID- 3253233 TI - Oxidation of lactate in rats after short-term strenuous exercise. AB - Oxidation of lactate and glucose was investigated in rats after short-term strenuous running to exhaustion at a speed of 80-110 m.min-1, lasting about 100 sec. Immediately after the exercise, 4 microCi of [U-14C]lactate (LA and AR) or 9.4 microCi of [U-14C]glucose (GL) was injected into the aorta through an indwelling catheter. In AR, the rats ran at a speed of 25 m.min-1 for 20 min after injection of [U-14C]lactate. Expired gas was collected by a bottomless metabolism chamber while the rats were on the treadmill for 120 min. Blood lactate concentration tended to decrease faster in AR than in LA. Peak evolution of 14CO2 expiration occurred at 12.5 min recovery in LA, 7.5 min of recovery in AR, and 35 min of recovery in GL. Cumulative percent recovery of 14C as 14CO2 was 48.5% +/- 2.8% in LA, 74.0% +/- 2.9% in AR, and 18.6% +/- 1.6% (mean +/- SE) in GL. Significant differences were found in these rates between groups (P less than 0.01). It was suggested that a great deal of lactate was oxidized directly, not after conversion to glucose in rats after short-term strenuous exercise to exhaustion and mild exercise following strenuous exercise (active recovery) enhanced lactate oxidation. PMID- 3253234 TI - Aerobic threshold, anaerobic threshold, and maximal oxygen uptake of Japanese speed-skaters. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiologic and metabolic parameters of speed-skaters with different training regimes and performance level and examine some physiologic prerequisites for speed-skating. The subjects were 25 male speed-skaters including members of the 1984 Japanese National Speed Skating Team whose ages ranged from 19 to 25 years. Aerobic threshold (AerT), anaerobic threshold (AnT), and VO2max were determined during a progressive bicycle ergometer exercise. The power was increased by 12.25 W every 3 min to exhaustion. AerT was determined using gas exchange variables; nonlinear increase in VE and VCO2, and peak VO2.VE-1. AnT was estimated from breakaway VE and the onset of decrease in FECO2.VO2max was measured during another incremental exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Mean AerT, AnT, and VO2max for skaters (n = 25) were 2.47 +/- 0.36.min-1 (61.1 +/- 7.2 %VO2max), 2.93 +/- 0.33.min-1 (73.4 +/- 5.9 %VO2max), and 4.06 +/- 0.42.min-1, respectively. All-arounders had higher AerT values but the same VO2max as sprinters. AnT of all-arounders was significantly higher than those of sprinters. A significant difference between the top ten elite skaters and the other skaters (n = 15) was found only in VO2max expressed as l.min-1. However, no significant correlation was noted between measured physiologic variables (AerT, AnT, and VO2max) and performances expressed as mean velocities at various events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3253235 TI - Ski-flying: related catecholamine excretion compared with cross-country skiing. AB - We examined the catecholamine excretion and its performance-diagnostic relevance in athletes of the German National Team during ski-flying and cross-country skiing. Five athletes were examined during the 1986 World Championship ski-flying competition and eight athletes during a 24-km cross-country qualification test. There is little doubt that the special competitive conditions have considerable influence on the usefulness of these data. We decided to publish the results anyway since the results may expand our knowledge about the performance diagnostic relevance of catecholamine excretion under competitive conditions. During cross-country skiing, the average noradrenaline elimination (1166 pmol.min 1) was about 150% higher and the average adrenaline elimination (243 pmol.min-1) about 30% lower than during ski-flying. The noradrenaline-adrenaline ratio was about 4.8 in cross-country skiing and 1.3-1.5 in ski-flying. Catecholamine excretion does, as expected, therefore permit differentiation of the various strains on the organism. The impression with respect to performance-diagnostic relevance arises that successful athletes show a more stable and lower excretion of noradrenaline under competitive conditions. This can only be a preliminary statement; it should serve to stimulate discussion and further investigations of the problem. PMID- 3253236 TI - Cardiovascular responses of pregnant women during aerobic exercise in water: a longitudinal study. AB - To determine the effects of pregnancy on the cardiovascular responses to immersion and exercise in water, 12 women completed 20 min of immersion and 20 min of bicycle ergometry at 60% predicted VO2max in 30 degrees C water during their 15th, 25th, and 35th week of pregnancy as well as 8-10 weeks post partum. Immersion lowered the resting heart rate approximately 8 bts/min (P less than 0.05). Exercise in water also resulted in a lower heart rate as compared with the same level of exercise on land (132 +/- 4 vs 149 +/- 6 bts/min; P less than 0.05). Both the rest and exercise heart rate responses were independent of duration of pregnancy or pregnancy status. Post partum exercise cardiac output averaged 9.9 +/- 0.4 l/min, significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than the 15th (12.7 +/- 0.5), 25th (14.7 +/- 0.5), or 35th week (15.1 +/- 0.7 l/min). Total peripheral resistance was greatest (P less than 0.05) post partum (657 +/- 29 dyn.s/cm5) compared with either the 15th (515 +/- 27), 25th (407 +/- 18), or 35th week (450 +/- 23). The results indicate that exercise in water lowers the heart rate compared with land exercise at the same metabolic rate. The combined effect of exercise, water, and pregnancy may elevate the cardiac output more than expected on land, but the same general pattern of exercise response will be evident throughout the duration of pregnancy. The results further suggest that water alters the heart rate and blood pressure responses such that land-derived exercise target heart rates should not be used to prescribe exercise intensity in water. PMID- 3253237 TI - Isokinetic investigation of knee extensors and knee flexors in young French soccer players. AB - The knee extensor and knee flexor muscle groups in three groups of young soccer players were tested with a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer and compared with adults. Muscle strength increased with age. The largest gain was observed in young players aged 16-17 years whose quadriceps was the most modified muscle group giving the lowest H/Q ratio. Analysis of the regression equations obtained for torque values at 30 degrees s-1 and 180 degrees s-1 revealed that there were two distinct groups: under 16 and over 16. After reaching 16 years of age, the increase in muscle strength is greater at low velocity than at high velocity. PMID- 3253238 TI - Physical activity and upper respiratory tract infections in a normal population of young men and women: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study. AB - A population of young adults, 92 men and 107 women, with a mean age of 21 (+/- 0.7) years, were retrospectively questioned about their habitual physical activity levels (period of 3 months) and the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infection (URI) symptoms (period of 6 months). We hypothesized that the incidence and duration of URI symptoms were inversely related with the level of sports activity and total physical activity. Only in women was a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) negative relation found between the incidence of URI symptoms and the level of sports activity. However, the low Spearman's rho coefficient (-0.18) indicates a very weak relation between both parameters. PMID- 3253239 TI - Estimation of the contribution of the various energy systems during maximal work of short duration. AB - The aim of this experiment was to estimate the relative contribution of the various energy delivery systems during maximal exercise tests of short duration. Twenty-five males were submitted to a VO2max test and 10-, 30-, and 90-s maximal ergocycle tests. Expiratory gases were collected with a Douglas bag during the entire 30-s test and continuously monitored with an open-circuit system during the 90-s test. Estimates of the phosphagenic component represented approximately 55%-60% of the energy expenditure during the 10-s work performance. Results of the 30-s test indicated that the relative contributions of the energy systems were 23%, 49%, and 28% for the phosphagenic, glycolytic, and oxidative pathways, respectively. For the 90-s test, these estimates were 12%, 42%, and 46% for the three metabolic systems. The highest contribution of each system during the 90-s was obtained from 5 to 15 s for the phosphagenic component, from 16 to 30 s for the glycolytic, and from 61 to 75 s for the aerobic energy systems. During the 90 s test, VO2max was reached after approximately 60 s. It is concluded that the 30 and 90 s are not strictly anaerobic although they all have a large anaerobic component. PMID- 3253240 TI - Incidence rate of injuries during sport activity and physical exercise in a rural Swedish municipality: incidence rates in 17 sports. AB - A prospective study of acute injuries from sports and physical exercise was carried out during 1 year in a total population of a municipality with 31,620 inhabitants. Data on exposure were collected: the number of participants in each sport, the hours of participation, and number of weeks in the season per year. The number of injuries was used as numerator and the exposure data as denominator in a formula modified from Chambers for the calculation of population at risk in sports. A total of 571 injuries occurred in 28 different sports: 65% of the injured were males. The majority of the injuries were from soccer: 50% of the males and 27% of the females. Incidence rates in 17 sports are presented. The ranking order differs, when calculating not only the number, but also the exposure. Ice hockey and handball were then found to have the highest risk followed by soccer. Team and contact sports on the whole had the highest rates in both genders. As a group, intercompany players had the highest rate, especially in soccer. The lowest rates were found in individual sports such as downhill skiing, horseback riding, racket sports, and running. Gymnastics, except in school physical education, had no injuries at all. Sprains and strains were diagnosed in nearly half of the cases and the foot and ankle were the most frequent sites. Preventive measures are proposed. PMID- 3253241 TI - Significance of heel pad confinement for the shock absorption at heel strike. AB - Shock absorption (SA) is a simple way to reduce the body load and can be used in the prevention and treatment of injuries. The heel pad is the most important shock absorber in the shoe heel complex. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the SA at heel strike can be increased by heel support in people and shoes with high or low SA. The impact forces at heel strike were measured on an AMTI (R) force platform. Fourteen legs were tested in seven persons (nine with normal and five with low heel pad SA) in gait analysis and in human drop tests. The tests were performed barefooted, and in a soccer and a running shoe (selected by shoe drop test), with and without the distal 2 cm of the heel counter. The heel pad confinement produced by the heel counter (the heel counter effect) increased the SA in both shoe types significantly in both impact situations. The mean increase in SA was 8.8% (range 5.8%-15.5%). The heel counter effect was in all situations significantly higher in persons with low heel pad shock absorbency (LHPSA) than in those with normal heel pads. The barefoot impact peak force per kg body weight was significantly higher (6% mean) on the side with LHPSA. The running shoe provided the significantly greatest SA compared with the soccer shoe. It is concluded that the shock absorbency at heel strike can be increased significantly by heel support, with highest effect in persons with LHPSA, both in shoes with high and low SA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3253242 TI - Eye injuries and eye protection in sports: a position statement from the International Federation of Sports Medicine. PMID- 3253243 TI - The recursion formula of the Gompertz function: a simple method for the estimation and comparison of tumor growth curves. AB - A method for analysing tumor growth curves is presented based on regression analysis of the linear relationship between the logarithm of the tumor size at a certain time and of that at a constant time interval earlier. By measuring the tumor size at constant time intervals the Gompertzian growth curve can be transformed into a straight line. This permits both the calculation of best fit Gompertzian curves and the comparison of different growth curves simply based on linear regression analysis. Since this new method includes exponential growth as a special case, it enables a quantitative discrimination between exponential and Gompertzian growth. Furthermore, this method permits the calculation of best fit Gompertz functions based upon individual measurements of tumor collectives without a common time scale (i.e., spontaneous tumors). As an example, it is demonstrated that the growth curves of the transplantable mouse adenocarcinoma EO 771 do not depend on the number of tumor cells inoculated. PMID- 3253244 TI - Proliferation of taste buds in the foliate and vallate papillae of postnatal hamsters. AB - The growth of the taste system in the hamster is considered in comparison to the postnatal development of other organ systems and the entire animal. No taste buds are present in vallate or foliate papillae of the hamster at birth, but they attain both the appearance and numbers of adult taste buds within 5 weeks of age. The most rapid increase in the number of taste buds occurs within the first 10 days of life, and this proliferation anticipates the weaning of hamsters which occurs by about three weeks of age. Foliate taste buds reach a maximal number within two months, but vallate taste buds continue to increase in number through 4 months of age. Taste bud proliferation and development occur earlier and more rapidly than in other organ systems. This early development of taste buds may protect the weanling hamster against accidental poisoning by noxious plants, and it may also reinforce the food intake which is required for normal growth. PMID- 3253245 TI - Effects of recombinant chicken growth hormone in randombred meat-type chickens. AB - Recombinant chicken growth hormone (rcGH) was administered subcutaneously twice daily to male and female Athens-Canadian randombred meat-type chickens between 2 and 14 days posthatch. Treatment groups consisted of non-injected controls, saline-injected controls, and those injected with either 50 or 250 micrograms/kg rcGH per injection. Body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency were determined. Body weight or body weight gain was not significantly affected by rcGH through 28 d. Feed consumption and efficiency were not significantly affected by treatment through 21 d. It was concluded that rcGH failed to demonstrate any significant growth-promoting effects in young, slow growing randombred chickens. PMID- 3253246 TI - Organ and skeletal growth in mice with a major gene for rapid postweaning growth. AB - Growth of liver, heart, kidney and femur in mice with a major gene for rapid postweaning growth (hg/hg, line Ch) was compared to that of their normal controls (Hg/-, line CH). Male mice of both lines were sacrificed at 7 day intervals from 21 to 56 days of age. By day 56 mice of line Ch weighed 40.1 g and individuals of line CH weighed 30.2 g. At sacrifice, individuals were weighed, the naso-anal length and tail length measured and the liver, heart and kidney were removed and weighed. The left femur was also removed and its length measured. Significant differences between lines were detected for all traits observed when examined on an uncorrected basis. This significance disappeared when organ weights were adjusted by body weight at sacrifice through covariance analysis. Similarly, there was no significant in femur length across lines when bone lengths were adjusted for naso-anal length. Only differences in tail length remained significant after adjustment for body length. These results suggest that the impact of the hg allele is of a fundamental and general nature, with little impact on specific tissues or functions of growth. PMID- 3253247 TI - Comparison of long bones and vertebrae in growing male rats: rate of growth, mineralization, and uptake of 3H-tetracycline at the organ level. AB - Two vertebral and two long bones of the growing male rat were separated as an intact anatomical unit (at the organ level) and analyzed for mass of dry weight, calcium, and collagen. The rate of growth (mass) and mineralization (uptake of 3H tetracycline) was determined in rats from 3 to 36 weeks of age. Groups of rats age 3, 6, 8, 10, 14, 20, and 36 weeks were given a single dose of 3H-tetracycline 4 days before sacrifice. Whole bones were assayed for calcium, collagen, and 3H tetracycline radioactivity. Growth of vertebrae and long bones is similar from 3 to 6 weeks of age. From age 6 to 20 weeks vertebrae grow at a faster rate than long bones. While long bones reach a peak dry mass at 20 weeks of age, the dry mass of vertebrae continues to increase. At ages 3 and 4 weeks, mineralization is significantly higher in vertebrae than in long bones. Peak calcification occurs at 8 weeks for long bones and at 10 weeks for vertebrae. These differences appear to be associated with the difference in age at which closing of growth plates occur as well as differences in formation rates between vertebrae and long bones. PMID- 3253248 TI - Distribution of fibre types and fibre sizes in the tibialis cranialis muscle of beagle dogs. AB - The percentages of Type I muscle fibres were measured systematically in ATPase stained, transverse cryostat sections of whole tibialis cranialis muscles from 8 young, adult beagles. The distance of the section from the origin of the muscle does not significantly affect the mean percentage. There are no identifiable differences in mean percentages between right and left muscles. Differences in mean percentages between individuals are significant when sexes are combined (P less than 0.01) and within sexes (males: P less than 0.01; females: P less than 0.05). Within sections, the percentage tends to be lowest at the superficial (craniolateral) border and to vary less from site to site deeper within the muscle. Fibre cross sectional areas were measured systematically in the same sections of the right muscle from 3 males and 3 females. Mean areas for each section were greater for Type II than for Type I fibres. Mean areas for each fibre-type varied moderately and non-systematically between the sample sites within sections. A needle biopsy taken from deep within this muscle should provide a more consistent and reliable estimate of fibre-type proportion in the whole muscle than a superficial specimen. Proportions are not affected by the distance of the sample site from the muscle origin, and left or right muscles are suitable for sequential samples. PMID- 3253249 TI - Enzyme histochemical analysis of Meckel's cartilage. AB - Osteogenesis of the body of the mandible in embryonic and neonatal rats was studied histologically and by histochemistry to determine the role of Meckel's cartilage in bone formation. Meckel's cartilage showed intense activity of lactate dehydrogenase and NADH2-diaphorase and weak activity of acid phosphatase, indicating a functioning citric acid cycle, pentose phosphate shunt and a capacity for anaerobic metabolism. The activity of these enzymes declined after hypertrophy of Meckel's cartilage. Alkaline phosphatase was the major enzyme of mineralising mandibular osteoid and was present in the osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells but not in Meckel's cartilage. After the differentiation of Meckel's cartilage and intramembranous bone, Meckel's cartilage supported mandibular bone formation by endochondral ossification in the anterior part of the mandible. PMID- 3253250 TI - Ultrastructure of the mouse spinal cord ependyma. AB - This study was done in order to investigate the normal ultrastructure of well preserved mouse spinal canal ependyma using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ependymal lining was found to consist of a simple, cuboidal epithelium essentially similar to the unspecialized cuboidal ependyma of the brain ventricles. Apart from great variation in kinociliary density, no intracellular difference was noted between the ependymal cells. In contrast to earlier findings, indications of the existence of zonulae occludentes between the apical part of the ependymal cells were observed. Our findings do not support the hypothesis of secretion or intracellular transport by the ependyma, or that the ependyma constitutes a significant diffusion barrier. PMID- 3253251 TI - Morphometric analysis of the suprachiasmatic and paraventricular nuclei in the human brain: sex differences and age-dependent changes. AB - The size, shape and cellular morphology of the suprachiasmatic (SCN) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) in the human hypothalamus were examined in relation to sex and age. In both nuclear regions the following parameters were determined: length of the rostrocaudal axis, maximum cross sectional area, volume, numerical cell density, total number of cells and the diameter of cell nuclei. No sexual difference was observed in any of these parameters, either in the SCN or in the PVN, with the exception of a sexual dimorphism in the shape of the SCN. In contrast to the absolute measurements, sexual differences were found in the internal structural organisation of these hypothalamic nuclei using multivariate regression analysis. Of the parameters measured only the volume of the SCN in females showed a continuous decrease with ageing, whereas the changes in the other variables were not consistent. Regression analysis revealed that this decrease in SCN volume is mainly caused by cell loss rather than by a reduction in cell size. Finally, a comparison of the volumetric measurements of the human SCN and PVN with those of the rat showed that the human SCN is reduced in size relative to other hypothalamic nuclei. Possible consequences of this phenomenon for the functional significance of the SCN in man are discussed. PMID- 3253252 TI - Response of intraventricular macrophages after a penetrant cerebral lesion. AB - The response of epiplexus and supraependymal cells to extravasated blood after a penetrant cerebral lesion was investigated. Epiplexus cells respond more actively than supraependymal cells. The epiplexus cells tend to aggregate near areas of extravasation of erythrocytes, this being most marked 6 hours after injury. Epiplexus cells lose their smooth surface appearance, retract their filopodia and adopt a more spherical form, with short microvilli or blebs. Numerous inclusion vesicles develop; some contain disrupted erythrocytes 6-12 hours after injury and these are still present 24-30 hours after injury. By 8-16 days after injury epiplexus cells resume a smooth surface appearance and the number of inclusion vesicles is much reduced. This suggests reversion to a quiescent state, from an earlier active state. PMID- 3253253 TI - A biomechanical profile across the patellar groove articular cartilage: implications for defining matrix health. AB - Macroscopically normal articular cartilage across all bovine patellar grooves studied exhibited a smooth gradation in mechanical properties. Rigorous standardisation of microtensile and microcompressive testing showed that stiffness in tension of the deep matrix, its tendency to rupture and compressive stiffness all dropped progressively across the medial margin and trough of the groove, and reached their lowest values at approximately one quarter of the distance up the lateral margin. The changes in mechanical properties were correlated with ultrastructural differences. The deep matrix of very stiff tissue from the medial margin showed a dense arrangement of fibril segments orientated with varying degrees of obliquity about a radial mean. The more compliant tissue had a markedly less dense fibrillar array with a pronounced radial orientation. It is suggested that the gradation in mechanical properties results from differential loading of the joint surface. From the available evidence it seems likely that the compliance of the cartilage increases proportionately with the reduction in load. The results are discussed with reference to Broom's (1986b) model of the fibrillar architecture of cartilage. It is proposed that increasing compliance is related to a graduated reduction across the joint surface in the number and/or strength of the interfibrillar bonds, resulting from differential loading. A proportionate number of fibrils would have a reduced number of short period lateral deflections and thus an increasingly overall radial orientation. This would result in a concomitant graded reduction in the degree of constraint exerted by the three dimensional fibrillar network on the hydrated proteoglycans. PMID- 3253254 TI - Loss of neurons from the motor nucleus of the facial nerve in the ageing mouse brain. AB - The number of neurons and neuronal nuclear diameter was estimated in the motor nucleus of the mouse facial nerve at 6, 25, 28 and 31 months of age. Neuronal number decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) from 2010 +/- 58 to 1699 +/- 42 and neuronal diameter (P less than 0.001) increased significantly (P less than 0.001) from 11.6 +/- 0.1 microns to 14.2 +/- 0.2 microns between 25 and 28 months of age. Facial motor neurons lost Nissl substance between 6 and 25 months of age and also showed an accumulation of lipofuscin at 28 and 31 months. A small number of degenerating neurons was present in the motor nucleus of the facial nerve at 28 and 31 months. PMID- 3253255 TI - Loss of neurons from the retrofacial nucleus of the mouse in extreme old age. AB - The retrofacial nucleus, a general visceral efferent component of the vagal nuclei, was examined using quantitative histological techniques in young adult (6 months) and elderly (25, 28 and 31 months) mice. Neuron number remained constant between 6 months (206 +/- 2) and 25 months (209 +/- 4) and thereafter declined rapidly at 28 (181 +/- 11) and 31 months (157 +/- 4). Neuronal nuclear diameter (mean 11.0 microns) did not vary significantly with age. Neurons of the retrofacial nucleus lost Nissl substance with age and lipofuscin accumulation was marked in the perikaryon and dendrites. PMID- 3253256 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the lingual papillae of the one humped camel, Camelus dromedarius. AB - The dorsum of the camel tongue shows filiform, fungiform, circumvallate and special (wart-like) papillae. Filiform papillae are conical in shape and show different heights and thicknesses at various levels. Fungiform papillae are rounded and are surrounded by robust filiform papillae. They can also be observed on the tip of the ventral surface. They have taste pores on their surfaces. Circumvallate papillae are encircled by a primary groove and an annular pad. Their taste pores open into the grooves. A special type of filiform papillae is wart-like and has been observed on the posterior portion. These do not show taste pores. PMID- 3253258 TI - Variations in the structure of the jugular foramen of the human skull. AB - The jugular foramina were examined in 156 skulls. In 69% of cases the right was larger than the left and in 23% the left was larger, with the remainder being of equal size. An obvious dome caused by a superior jugular bulb was present bilaterally in 54%, on the right only in 30%, on the left only in 6% and was absent bilaterally in 10%. Of the 312 jugular foramina examined there was no evidence of an enlargement due to a superior jugular bulb in 28%. PMID- 3253257 TI - Localisation of the corticospinal fibres in the internal capsule in man. AB - The myelogenetic development of the corticospinal fibres in the internal capsule was studied using eight brains of the Yakovlev Collection and two brains of the collection in Hannover Medical School. The myelin sheaths of the corticospinal fibres stained by the Loyez method can best be seen in the third postnatal month. During their course through the internal capsule their relative position changes. In the superior portion of the internal capsule, at the level of the interventricular foramen, the pyramidal tract is located in the middle of the posterior limb and in the inferior portion, at the level of the subthalamic nucleus and metathalamus, in the posterior third of the posterior limb. The classical concept of the localisation of the pyramidal tract has, therefore, to be revised for the inferior portion of the internal capsule. The result of this study confirms those of stereotactic, neuropathological and macroscopic observations and underlines the importance of the Yakovlev Collection for the neurosciences. PMID- 3253259 TI - Spleen lymphocytes and haemopoiesis in the mouse embryo. AB - Development of splenic haemopoiesis and morphology of lymphocytes in the embryonic and neonatal mice were examined by light and electron microscopy. At 15 days of gestation, free mononuclear cells were scattered throughout the splenic anlage, and the spleen was prehaemopoietic. At 16 days of gestation, immature erythroid cells and small lymphocytes first appeared and then the spleen became predominantly erythropoietic. In the red pulp, lymphocytes constituted approximately 2% of haemopoietic cells during fetal life and 3.6% at 4 days after birth. Splenic lymphocytes in the embryo had a nucleus 3.5-4.5 microns in diameter, and the majority were small lymphocytes with sparse and dark cytoplasm. Small lymphocytes occasionally had an invagination of the inner nuclear membrane into the nucleoplasm, showing various sectional profiles; in ultrathin sections, the proportion of small lymphocytes having the nuclear membrane invagination comprised 14.3% of the small lymphocytes in the embryonic spleen. PMID- 3253260 TI - Heterogeneity of the cartilage-marrow interface during uncalcified cartilage resorption in the chick embryo tibia. AB - The morphology of the cartilage-marrow interface in chick embryo tibiae has been studied from Day 11 to Day 14. The cartilage-marrow interface did not present a uniform aspect and three different areas could be defined. Most of the interface was lined by fibroblast-like cells, macrophage-like cells and multinucleate giant cells. Other areas were characterised by a paucity of cells and by the presence of much cell debris. In focal areas the cartilage surface was excavated and covered by several layers of closely packed cells. These cells presented longitudinal axes perpendicular to the cartilage surface and were characterised ultrastructurally by the presence of large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and large cytoplasmic processes extending into the matrix. The presence of different cell associations along the cartilage-marrow interface seems to suggest that uncalcified cartilage resorption follows a phasic pattern. PMID- 3253261 TI - The innervation of the adrenal gland. II. The source of spinal afferent nerve fibres to the guinea-pig adrenal gland. AB - The sensory innervation of the guinea-pig adrenal medulla was studied using the fluorescent retrograde tracer Fast Blue. Labelled neurons were found in the dorsal root ganglia at segments T3-L2, the greatest contribution arising from T10 representing 15.2% of the total number of labelled cells. Labelling was ipsilateral to the site of injection of tracer into the adrenal medulla and the labelled neurons ranged in size between 6 and 36 microns. The overall size distribution fell into two groups of between 6 and 15 microns and of between 18 and 36 microns. Presumed sensory nerve endings were found in the adrenal medulla associated with chromaffin cells and vascular elements. The nerve endings were ovoid to spherical and densely packed with mitochondria. It is concluded that events occurring in the guinea-pig adrenal medulla, and possibly cortex, are monitored by sensory nerve terminals whose cell bodies lie within dorsal root ganglia. The exact distribution of the sensory nerve terminals within the adrenal gland is yet to be determined. PMID- 3253262 TI - Structure and ultrastructure of the pigmented cells in the adult dog pineal gland. AB - The light and electron microscopic features of pigmented cells in the adult dog pineal gland have been described. The presence of pigmented cells was a constant characteristic of the dog pineal gland, though wide variations in the amount of pigment could be found among different animals. Conversely, the localisation of pigmented cells was very constant on the basal surface of the proximal region of the pineal gland. Frequently, clusters of pigmented cells were seen in the posterior commissure and the neighbour meningeal spaces, near the pigmented pineal zone. The pineal pigment has been identified as melanin according to its morphological features and histochemical properties. Several types of granules were identified ultrastructurally, apparently corresponding to different stages of a maturation process. The pigmented cells were identified as a special type of pinealocyte according to their ultrastructural features. PMID- 3253263 TI - Shrinkage of muscle fibres during the fixation of cadaveric tissue. AB - It has been shown that a small but significant loss in length occurs in human muscles which are fixed after removal from the skeleton. A comparison was made between the loss in muscle length when muscles were fixed in isolation from, and whilst still attached to, the skeleton in the rat. The conclusion was that no significant loss of length occurs when the muscles were fixed intact on the skeleton. Since the length loss when muscles are fixed independently of the skeleton in both the rat and the human is of the same order, it is reasonable to assume that when human muscles are fixed on the skeleton, no significant loss in length occurs. Since all human cadaveric tissue is fixed whilst on the skeleton, we may assume that shrinkage of the muscles in such specimens is negligible. PMID- 3253264 TI - The range of sarcomere lengths in the muscles of the human lower limb. AB - The lengths of the sarcomeres of some muscles of the human leg were determined for the anatomical position, using a method based on diffraction. Measurements were made of the muscle lengths and angles of pennation from cadavers, and these were used to predict sarcomere lengths at other limb positions. The measured and predicted sarcomere lengths were compared with the length-tension curve for human muscle, which showed the range of sarcomere length from both extremes of muscle length to cover the entire range of the length-tension curve. PMID- 3253265 TI - Formation and growth of the cerebral convolutions. I. Postnatal development of the median-suprasylvian gyrus and adjoining sulci in the cat. AB - The postnatal development of these median-suprasylvian gyrus and adjoining sulci was studied in cats 1, 5, 15, 25 days and six months old. The median-suprasylvian gyrus (G.S.-Syl.) grows according to a lateral to medial intracortical gradient in which the adjoining sulci, sulcus lateralis (S.L.) and median-suprasylvian sulcus (S.S-Syl.), are considered to be fixed zones because of their relatively constant distance from the ventricular wall throughout the development. Thus the formation of the S.L. is a consequence of the increase in volume of the gyral region adjacent to this developing sulcus, whereas there is a smaller increase in volume of the gyral region adjacent to the almost fully formed, at birth, S.S Syl. This increase in volume is associated with a regional increase in the number of nerve cells and with an increase in the density of neurons in the region adjacent to the S.L. as it fades in the region adjacent to the S.S-Syl. This process takes place from Day 1 until about Day 25 of postnatal life. An intralaminar displacement of nerve cells also occurs during the process of cortical folding:nerve cell columns converge towards the hilum in the gyral region, but the columns progressively curve following the concavity of the infolding in the sulcal zones; as a result, although the length of nerve cell columns tends to be preserved to some extent along the gyrus, the cerebral cortex is progressively thinner in the sulci than in the gyri and the molecular layer is progressively thicker in the former than in the latter. This process also occurs following a lateral to medial gradient in the G.S.-Syl. The present observations may suggest that cortical folding is largely dependent on intracortical mechanical forces but the regular distribution of the sulci, together with the orderly spatio-temporal pattern of gyral growth, points to the conclusion that this process may be controlled by extracortical signals. PMID- 3253266 TI - Decision-making system (DMS) applied to hematology. Diagnosis of 180 cases of anemia secondary to a variety of hematologic disorders. AB - We have developed a new decision-making system which includes interpretation of complete blood count (CBC). The system works using Bayes' rule. We tested the CBC program for the diagnosis of 180 cases of anemia covering 20 benign and malignant hematological disorders. The data entered were obtained from a Coulter S + IV/HD and the interpretation of blood smears. Clinical information was not used. In 64.5% of cases, the correct diagnosis was displayed in first rank and in 20%, in second or third rank, giving a total of 84% of quite satisfactory responses. There were only 5% incorrect responses, but the proposed complementary tests rectified the error. Computer-aided diagnosis can help pathologists, clinicians, students, and technicians to make rapid correct diagnoses and choose the appropriate tests to perform. These programs run on IBM PC or similar microcomputers and are available from Coulter Electronics, Hialeah, FL. PMID- 3253267 TI - Failure of karyotypic instability to predict clinical progression in patients with dysmyelopoietic syndromes. AB - Twenty-five patients with leukemia and dysmyelopoietic syndrome underwent serial cytogenetic analysis during the course of their disease. All 21 patients with leukemia had improvement or disappearance of karyotypic abnormalities with effective treatment of their leukemia, and karyotypic progression was observed only in instances of recurrent or progressive leukemia. All four patients with dysmyelopoietic syndrome exhibited karyotypic instability, which was independent of therapeutic interventions or disease progression. The data presented suggest that karyotypic instability in the dysmyelopoietic syndromes may be more common than currently accepted. PMID- 3253268 TI - An unusual presentation of acute monocytic leukemia: a case report. AB - We present a rare case of acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) in which the initial finding consisted solely of cutaneous leukemic infiltrates without obvious bone marrow involvement. Eight months later a definitive bone marrow diagnosis of AMoL was made. Findings of histologic, immunohistochemical, cytochemical, and ultrastructural studies including postmortem examination are described. We believe that one should consider an extramedullary AMoL if the findings of a positive lysozyme stain and a mild to moderate monocytosis are present. PMID- 3253269 TI - Chemotactic response of vascular smooth muscle cells to acetoacetylated low density lipoprotein. AB - We studied the effect of acetoacetylated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is recognized by the scavenger receptor, on the migration of fetal bovine aortic smooth muscle cells in culture, using a Neuro Probe 48-well microchemotaxis chamber. Acetoacetylated LDL is chemotactic and chemokinetic for the smooth muscle cells, and the effect is maximal with 50 micrograms/ml of protein, while native LDL has no significant chemotactic activity. These results suggest that denatured LDL might play an important role in the recruitment of smooth muscle cells from the media into the intima in atherosclerosis. PMID- 3253270 TI - Effects of a new thromboxane A2-antagonist (ONO-3708) and a new leukotriene antagonist (ONO-1078) on thromboxane A2 analogue-, leukotriene C4-, and D4 induced regional myocardial blood flow reduction. AB - Effects of the administration of a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) analogue (STA2), a leukotriene C4 (LTC4), and a leukotriene D4 (LTD4) on regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and hemodynamics were studied in anesthetized, open-chest dogs. The blocking ability of a recently synthesized TXA2 selective antagonist, ONO-3708, and a peptidoleukotriene-selective antagonist, ONO-1078, was also investigated. RMBF was measured continuously in three areas: the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) area, the circumflex artery (Cx) area, and the area between LAD and Cx. STA2, LTC4, and LTD4 caused a significant dose-dependent reduction of the RMBF in the LAD area. The peak percentage decrease in RMBF followed by a 10 micrograms dose of STA2, 1 micrograms dose of LTC4, and 1 micrograms dose of LTD4 is 38.6% +/- 3.0%, 39.0% +/- 3.1%, and 36.2% +/- 2.4%, respectively. ED50 for the action of LTC4, LTD4, and STA2 on RMBF is 3, 3, and 50 micrograms, respectively. Pretreatment with the newly developed TXA2 antagonist, ONO-3708 (1 micrograms/kg/min for 10 min), completely inhibited the RMBF reduction induced by STA2 (10 micrograms). Pretreatment with the peptidoleukotriene antagonist, ONO 1078 (1 mg), inhibited the RMBF reduction induced by LTC4 or LTD4 (0.3-3 micrograms). Following pretreatment with a 1 mg dose of ONO-1078, the peak percentage decrease of RMBF caused by a 1 micrograms dose of LTC4 and LTD4 was reduced to 21.1% +/- 2.3% and 19.8% +/- 3.1%, respectively. However, the LTC4 (1 micrograms)-induced reduction of the RMBF was not affected by pretreatment with a TXA2 antagonist, ONO-3708, or an inhibitor of the endogenous production of TXA2, OKY-046.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3253271 TI - Right ventricular outflow obstruction secondary to post-infarction aneurysm: a possible new syndrome. AB - Two patients with extensive anterior myocardial infarction developed a hitherto unreported type of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. A 71-year-old woman, who had had an acute infarction 10 years before, was admitted for sustained ventricular tachycardia. A loud ejection murmur was heard in the mid precordium. The echocardiogram and left ventriculogram showed a septal aneurysm, with a systolic gradient of 21 mmHg between the right ventricular outflow tract and apex. The ejection murmur was detected in the outflow tract by intracardiac phonocardiography. The second patient was a 60-year-old man who had had an acute infarction at age 47. He was also referred because of ventricular tachycardia, and his clinical situation was almost the same as that of the first case. Our search of the literature failed to disclose any similar case with a loud ejection murmur confirmed by intracardiac phonocardiography to be due to an obstructive septal aneurysm. PMID- 3253272 TI - Recurrent left ventricular mural thrombi in a patient with acute myocarditis. AB - A case of acute myocarditis with recurrent left ventricular mural thrombi in a 59 year-old man is reported. Two-dimensional echocardiogram demonstrated left ventricular mural thrombus with apical dyskinesis on the 2nd day after the onset of chest oppression. No hemoagglutination abnormalities were present. Anticoagulation treatment with heparin was initiated. A two-dimensional echocardiogram obtained on the 15th day showed that the left ventricular wall motion had become normal and that the thrombus had disappeared. However, on the 38th day, a new pedunculated free mobile thrombus was found in the apical part of the left ventricle despite the normal wall motion. By the 46th day, the new thrombus had disappeared. The present case suggests that mural thrombi can occur in the absence of left ventricular dyskinesis and dilatation. Anticoagulation therapy resolved the mural thrombi but could not prevent the recurrence at the apex. Thus, in acute myocarditis, a mural thrombus may appear as a result of the endocardial damage, even when blood stasis is absent. PMID- 3253273 TI - Paired pulse pacing increases cardiac O2 consumption for activation without changing efficiency of contractile machinery in canine left ventricle. AB - The relation between cardiac O2 consumption (VO2) and the total mechanical energy (TME) generated by contraction was studied under paired-pulse (PP) pacing and compared with that under single-pulse pacing at the same basic rate as PP pacing and at the double-pacing rate in ten excised cross-circulated canine left ventricles (LV). TME was assessed by the systolic pressure-volume (P-V) area (PVA) defined as the area bounded by the end-systolic and end-diastolic P-V curves and the systolic P-V trajectory. The VO2-PVA relation was linear under PP pacing as well as at control and double heart rates. PP pacing increased LV contractility index Emax from 6.3 +/- 3.3 (SD) to 18.0 +/- 8.6 mmHg/(ml/100 g) and elevated markedly the VO2-PVA relation by increasing the VO2-axis intercept (or PVA-independent VO2) from 0.62 +/- 0.11 to 1.13 +/- 0.35 J.beat-1.100 g-1. However, PP pacing did not change the slope of the VO2-PVA relation at 2.24 +/- 0.53 (dimensionless). The efficiency from PVA-dependent VO2 (total VO2-PVA independent VO2) to PVA (=TME), calculated as the reciprocal of the slope of the VO2-PVA relation, was also constant at 47 +/- 11% regardless of PP pacing. These results are similar to previous results obtained by positive inotropic interventions with catecholamines and Ca2+. We conclude that PP pacing augments the PVA-independent VO2 for activation without affecting the efficiency of the contractile machinery to generate TME from the PVA-dependent VO2. PMID- 3253274 TI - Assessment of lung water by magnetic resonance in three types of pulmonary edema. AB - Pulmonary edema was produced in nine mongrel dogs by: (a) saline lavage; (b) intravenous injection of oleic acid; and (c) intravenous injection of propranolol followed by ureteral ligation. The resulting effect could be characterized by varying the protein concentration in the pulmonary edema fluid. After induction, all dogs were killed and 20 samples from each passively deflated lung were obtained. Proton T1 and T2 values were measured on a Praxis II NMR spectrometer operated at 10.7 MHz and 37 degrees C. The water content of all samples was determined gravimetrically. Correlation between T1 or T2 measured in vitro and the ratio of wet to dry weight was highly significant (r greater than 0.95, P less than 0.001) in each pathological state. Regression curves indicate that although all three types of pulmonary edema can be characterized by slightly different slopes, the differences are statistically insignificant. Moreover, the slopes of previous studies, when recast in the same format, are very similar to our findings despite the use of different magnetic field strengths and different animal models. This study indicates that quantitation of pulmonary edema is possible, but in vitro measurements do not give useful information for characterizing the etiology of pulmonary edema. PMID- 3253275 TI - Enhanced growth rate of cultured smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Smooth muscle cells were isolated and cultured from the aortic media of age matched, stroke-prone and stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP, SHRSR:SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), and the growth rate of cells from the three strains was compared. Under electron microscopical observation the cells were identified as modified (or synthetic-type) smooth muscle cells. Cells occurring at low densities showed the same morphology for both SHRs and WKY, but cells occurring at higher densities were observed to be smaller in SHRs than in WKY. An analysis of the growth curves of cells showed a significantly enhanced replication rate in cells from SHRs compared with those from WKY, especially in the early passages. In later passages (repeated until the 9th passage), however, this distinction was not clear. These growth characteristics were also confirmed in cells from both 12- and 24-week-old, age-matched SHRs and WKY. We could not find any difference between the growth characteristics of cells from SHRSP and SHRSR. It is possible to hypothesize from these findings that the abnormality relating to hypertension (hypertension being a common characteristic of SHRSR and SHRSP) is found in the smooth muscle cells, and is reflected as an enhanced growth rate when they are exposed to mitogenic stimuli, such as in atherosclerosis. PMID- 3253276 TI - Effects of vibration on steady flow downstream of a stenosis. AB - A physical model was used to test the effects of vibrations on the position of transition to turbulence (zt) downstream of a constriction. Constrictions were inserted in a length of clear plastic (Tygon) tubing and vibrated. Water was the fluid medium and flow was visualized with India ink. The frequency and velocity of vibration were monitored. For a given constriction and flow velocity, there was a band of frequencies which caused zt to move upstream. This band corresponded to frequencies of flow disturbances as measured with a hot-film anemometer without vibration. Both flow-visualization and hot-film frequencies were correlated via a Strouhal number to the Reynolds number and contraction ratio of the flow. Values of zt decreased with increasing vibration amplitude. The critical Reynolds number for turbulence was also decreased by vibration. These results are of importance in the diagnosis of vascular disease and the design of physical models of stenotic flows. PMID- 3253277 TI - Effect of limited knee-flexion range on peak hip moments of force while transferring from sitting to standing. AB - The hypothesis that limiting the knee-flexion range increases the peak hip extension moment while transferring from sitting to standing was tested by filming (100 fps) ten normal human volunteers. With the knees flexed 105 degrees from full extension (0 degrees) the mean (+/- 1 S.D.) peak hip-extension moment was 142 (+/- 37) Nm. With the knees flexed only 75 degrees subjects threw their arms and trunks forward to a greater extent, with a peak moment of 253 (+/- 65) Nm (p less than 0.0001). If the peak moments rise to a similar degree in patients with arthritis and limited knee-flexion range, they may accelerate hip joint damage or the loosening of hip endoprostheses. PMID- 3253278 TI - Effect of specimen size on work-of-fracture measurements. AB - It has been suggested that work-of-fracture, which quantifies the ability of a material to resist fracture, is dependent on specimen size. This experiment compared work-of-fracture, calculated as energy per unit area, for different specimen sizes of Plexiglas, bovine tibial bone and aluminum. Three different geometrically similar cross sections were tested for each material for a total of 54 specimens. Work-of-fracture was measured by loading a notched beam (triangular cross section) in three-point bending at a constant deformation rate. The energy necessary to cause fracture was measured from a load-deformation curve. Specimen fracture area was determined using macrophotography. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine weight percent calcium of bone specimens and quantitative light microscopy was used to determine fractional void area. Analysis of variance showed no effect of specimen size on work-of-fracture for aluminum or Plexiglas specimens (p greater than 0.05). A significant difference was found, however, between the large (area = 11.7 +/- 1.9 mm2) and small (area = 3.48 +/- 0.68 mm2) bone specimens and between the medium (area = 5.89 +/- 0.69 mm2) and small (area = 3.48 +/- 0.68 mm2) bone specimens. No correlation was found between work-of-fracture and either calcium content (r2 = 0.128) or fractional void area (r2 = 0.0713). The mean work-of-fracture values found are as follows: aluminum, 59.8 +/- 13.7 kJ m-2; Plexiglas, 0.620 +/- 0.074 kJ m-2; bone (area 5.89 +/- 0.69 mm2-11.7 +/- 1.9 mm2), 9.72 +/- 1.93 kJ m-2 and bone (area 3.48 +/- 0.68 mm2), 5.48 +/- 1.79 kJ m-2. PMID- 3253279 TI - A numerical study of flow in curved tubes simulating coronary arteries. AB - Numerical simulations of pulsatile flow in coronary arteries which take into account the curvature associated with the bending of arteries over the surface of the heart are presented for resting, excited and drug induced states. The study was motivated by reported observations of atherosclerotic plaque localization on the inner curvature of coronary arteries. The simulated flow field appears quasi steady under resting conditions with wall shear stress always highest on the outside wall and only a single secondary flow vortex in the half tube. However, reversal of wall shear stress direction at the inside wall does occur under resting flow conditions and this is not a quasi-steady characteristic. The flow field is markedly unsteady under excited conditions with wall shear stress sometimes peaking on the inside wall and an increase in the magnitude of wall shear stress reversal on the inside wall. However, only a single secondary flow vortex in the half tube is observed. Implications of the simulations for the role of fluid mechanics in coronary artery atherosclerosis are also discussed. PMID- 3253281 TI - Effects of peristaltic and longitudinal wave motion of the channel wall on movement of micro-organisms: application to spermatozoa transport. AB - A mathematical model is presented to study the motion of the spermatozoa in the cervical canal by considering the transverse waves along its tail and the transverse and longitudinal motions of the cervical wall. In an attempt to control fertility by reducing the speed of sperm, the transverse waves have been considered in the direction opposite to the motion of the spermatozoa. It has been shown that by having appropriate transverse wave motion and longitudinal velocity, the sperm may not be able to move towards the oviduct even if it could continue to have its own propelling velocity. A particular case of the motion of a thin plane sheet in a channel under peristaltic motion of its walls has also been obtained and studied. PMID- 3253280 TI - Composition of the cement line and its possible mechanical role as a local interface in human compact bone. AB - Human compact bone may be viewed as a fiber reinforced composite material in which the secondary osteons act as the fiber reinforcements. The cement line, which is the interface between the 'fibers' (osteons) and extraosteonal bone matrix, may impart important mechanical properties to compact bone. The nature of these properties is not known partly because the composition of the cement line is unknown. This analysis examines the constituents of the osteon cement line using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microprobe analysis to address its biomechanical functions as a local interface. The analysis suggests that the cement line is a region of reduced mineralization which may contain sulfated mucosubstances. This composition is consistent with the hypothesis that the cement line provides a relatively ductile interface with surrounding bone matrix, and that it provides the point specific stiffness differences, poor 'fiber' matrix bonding and energy transfer qualities required to promote crack initiation but slow crack growth in compact bone. PMID- 3253282 TI - Mechanical energy costs of human movement: an approach to evaluating the transfer possibilities of two-joint muscles. AB - Different methods of calculating the mechanical energy cost of a movement presented in the literature can give results differing by an order of magnitude. The assumptions made concerning the transfer of energy between different parts of the body are part of the problem. This investigation assesses the role of transfer in energy saving and specifically, the possibility of two-joint muscles reducing the mechanical energy cost of a movement compared to a system having one joint muscles only. An algorithm was developed which recruited one-joint or both one- and two-joint muscles to supply the net joint moments. The work performed under these two conditions was then compared. It was found that activation of both one- and two-joint musculature reduced the mechanical work cost during walking by between 7 and 29% over that required by single-joint musculature alone. This investigation supports suggestions in the literature that one of the functions of two-joint musculature is to reduce the mechanical energy cost and probably the metabolic cost of movement. PMID- 3253283 TI - The effects of knee brace hinge design and placement on joint mechanics. AB - A computer model of 23 knees was obtained by embedding, slicing and digitizing the bone outlines and ligament co-ordinates. Using co-ordinate transformations, various three-dimensional motions were imposed on the knees, and calculations made of femoral-tibial contact error, contact point locations and ligament lengths. Significant deviations in these parameters were noted for abnormal motions including the elimination of internal-external rotation and a-p displacement and the misplacement of a hinge producing correct motion. The resulting mismatch could result in shear in soft tissues, cuff-to-skin slippage and inaccurate ligament length patterns. PMID- 3253284 TI - Phase velocity measurement of flexural waves in human tibia. AB - A method is proposed to measure the phase velocities of the first mode of flexural waves in the human tibia. Keeping in mind the dispersive nature of flexural waves in beam-like bodies, a two point measurement method was developed which enables the calculation of the phase difference of the propagating wave between two observation points for a selected frequency range. The method for dispersion analysis was tested with synthetic and observed signals for a cylinder. This was done by comparison of observed radial acceleration on the surface of a PVC-cylinder with computed synthetic signals consisting only of first mode flexural waves. An in vivo study was performed with 43 subjects. The phase velocity measurements in human tibia show a good correlation with the bone mineral content estimated by means of the Cameron-Sorenson technique (Cameron and Sorenson, 1963). The bone mineral loss is reflected by decreasing phase velocities. This indicates that phase velocity measurements of flexural waves can be used for an estimation of bone mineral content in vivo. PMID- 3253285 TI - An experimental analysis of the flow field in a three-dimensional model of the human carotid artery bifurcation. AB - Steady flow measurements were carried out in a rigid three-dimensional model of the human carotid artery bifurcation at a Reynolds number of 640 and a flow division ratio of 50/50. Both axial and secondary velocities were measured with a laser-Doppler anemometer. In the bulb opposite to the flow divider a zone with negative axial velocities was found with a maximal diameter of about 60% of the local diameter of the branch and a cross-sectional extent of about 25% of the local cross-sectional area. In the bulb the maximum axial velocity shifted towards the divider wall and at the end of the bulb an axial velocity plateau arose near the non-divider wall. Halfway through the bulb, secondary flow showed a vortex through which fluid flowed towards the divider wall near the bifurcation plane and back towards the non-divider wall near the upper walls. PMID- 3253286 TI - Comment on 'A Biomechanical Analysis of the Talocalcaneal Joint--In Vitro'. PMID- 3253287 TI - A technique for simultaneously comparing the release of noradrenaline evoked by field stimulation and by propagated nerve impulses in rabbit ear arteries. AB - 1. A technique has been described which utilized radiotracer methods to measure the release of transmitter noradrenaline, simultaneously, from segments of rabbit ear artery subjected to field stimulation and propagated nerve impulses. 2. The release of radioactivity from arteries labelled with 3H-noradrenaline was much greater in the segment subjected to field stimulation than in the segment stimulated by propagated nerve impulses. 3. The release of radioactivity from segments invaded by nerve impulses decreased progressively with increases in frequency through the range of 10-50 Hz, using 150 pulses at 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50 Hz. However, the release remained constant in the field stimulated segments throughout the frequency range used. PMID- 3253288 TI - Comparison of the effects of phenoxybenzamine and uptake blockade on noradrenaline efflux from rabbit ear arteries evoked by field stimulation and propagated nerve impulses. AB - 1. A comparison has been made of the effects of blockade of prejunctional alpha adrenoreceptors and blockade of transmitter noradrenaline uptake in segments of rabbit ear arteries subjected to field stimulation or neuronally propagated impulses. 2. The relationship between evoked release and frequency of stimulation differed in artery segments subjected to field stimulation and those receiving propagated nerve impulses. However, the effectiveness of phenoxybenzamine in increasing stimulation-induced efflux of radioactivity decreased as the frequency of stimulation increased in artery segments subjected to either field stimulation or neuronally propagated impulses. 3. Blockade of neuronal and extraneuronal uptake had no effect on evoked efflux from field-stimulated artery segments but it did produce a marked and significant enhancement of release evoked by propagated nerve impulses. PMID- 3253289 TI - Foetal and cancer patient fibroblasts produce an autocrine migration-stimulating factor not made by normal adult cells. AB - We have previously reported that (1) the migration of foetal and adult fibroblasts into three-dimensional collagen matrices is differentially affected by cell density, and (2) skin fibroblasts from cancer patients commonly display a foetal-like mode of migratory behaviour. Data presented here indicate that differences in the migration of these cell types are particularly apparent in cultures plated at high density (i.e. at cell confluence); under these conditions, foetal fibroblasts and the foetal-like fibroblasts of cancer patients migrate into the three-dimensional collagen matrix to a significantly greater extent than do normal adult cells. In this initial study concerned with the biochemical basis of these observations, we report that medium conditioned by either foetal or cancer patient fibroblasts stimulates the migration of confluent adult cells. This stimulation of migration is specific to confluent cells, as the migration of subconfluent adult fibroblasts is unaffected by these conditioned media. Gel filtration chromatography of foetal fibroblast-conditioned medium indicates that migration-stimulating activity is recovered in a single peak with an apparent molecular mass in the range of 50-60 (X 10(3]. The active migration stimulating factor (MSF) in both foetal and cancer patient fibroblast-conditioned media appears to be a protein stable at acid pH, but inactivated by heat, alkaline pH and reductive alkylation. MSF produced by foetal and cancer patient fibroblasts is presumably responsible for the characteristically elevated levels of migration displayed by these cells in confluent culture, thereby suggesting an autocrine mode of action for this factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3253290 TI - Fibroblasts from cancer patients display a mixture of both foetal and adult-like phenotypic characteristics. AB - We have previously reported that foetal and adult fibroblasts display distinctive migratory phenotypes when cultured on three-dimensional collagen gels. Both skin and tumour-derived fibroblasts from a significant proportion of patients with breast cancer were subsequently observed to display foetal-like migratory behaviour. In the accompanying paper concerned with the biochemical basis of these observations, we presented evidence that foetal fibroblasts and the foetal like fibroblasts of cancer patients produce a soluble migration-stimulating factor (MSF) not made by normal adult cells. Data are presented here indicating that: (1) the spontaneous foetal-to-adult transition in migratory phenotype that foetal fibroblasts undergo after approximately 50-55 population doublings in vitro is correlated with a cessation of MSF production; (2) breast cancer patient fibroblasts do not undergo such a phenotypic transition and continue to produce MSF for their entire in vitro lifespan. These foetal-like cancer patient fibroblasts do, however, resemble normal adult cells by a number of other criteria, including population doubling potential, enhanced migration in the presence of serum compared to platelet-poor plasma, saturation cell density and morphology in confluent culture. These data indicate that the fibroblasts of breast cancer patients express a mixture of both foetal and adult phenotypic characteristics. Such a finding is consistent with published information indicating that foetal-to-adult transitions in various fibroblast phenotypic characteristics occur in a temporally disparate fashion during normal development, and further imply that cancer patient fibroblasts have undergone only certain of these transitions. PMID- 3253291 TI - Deficiency in immune complex uptake by chronic granulomatous disease neutrophils. AB - Receptor-mediated binding and endocytosis by normal and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes have been investigated. Our results suggest that activation of the respiratory burst is a requisite for normal immune complex internalization. Cell-associated immune complexes were detected by fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and flow cytometric techniques. These measurements indicate that immune complex uptake is defective in CGD patients, but not in normal subjects. Antibody-dependent binding and complement-dependent binding and endocytosis were not affected. The functional association of the respiratory burst and antibody-dependent endocytosis was further explored using rhodamine-labelled glucose oxidase:anti-glucose oxidase immune complexes. These complexes generate H2O2 in the presence of glucose. When treated with these complexes, CGD PMNs showed similar glucose-dose-dependent increases in both H2O2 production and cell-associated fluorescence. Therefore: (1) respiratory burst and immune complex uptake are coexisting deficiencies that may be a manifestation of a single defect; and (2) the respiratory burst may be one participant in immune complex endocytic triggering. PMID- 3253292 TI - Insulin-like growth factors and the multiplication of Tera-2, a human teratoma derived cell line. AB - A human teratoma cell line (Tera-2) was grown in serum-free medium, and the population multiplication was stimulated by the addition of somatomedins/insulin like growth factors (IGFs). Both IGF-I and IGF-II gave maximal stimulation when added daily at 10 ng ml-1. The IGFs did not substantially change the labelling index of the cells, and the IGFs appeared to exert their effect on population multiplication by increasing cell survival. Membranes isolated from Tera-2 cells displayed both type 1 and type 2 IGF receptors. PMID- 3253293 TI - Endoplasmin is a reticuloplasmin. AB - The location of endoplasmin in the endoplasmic reticulum was investigated by biochemical and immunoelectron microscopic analyses. The protein could be obtained in a soluble form by procedures that do not involve the use of any detergents. The soluble protein has the amino- and carboxy-terminal sequences of the intact molecule, showing that it has not been proteolysed. Application of the Triton X-114 phase-separation test does not reveal significant hydrophobicity in the molecule. Immunogold labelling studies on cells with a dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen show that endoplasmin is uniformly distributed throughout the lumen, with no evidence of a preferential association with the membrane. These studies clearly demonstrate that endoplasmin is a luminal protein of the ER, i.e. a reticuloplasmin, and not an integral membrane protein. PMID- 3253294 TI - Phagosome formation in Paramecium: effects of solid particles. AB - Digestive vacuole (DV) formation in Paramecium can be separated into four steps: sequestration and recycling of the spent DV membrane, sweeping and concentrating of particles into the nascent DV, vacuole growth, and the release of the nascent DV. How the size, load and surface charge of solid particles affected formation and subsequently the digestive processes in log-phase cells were investigated. Pulsing cells continuously with beads resulted in an initial linear increase, followed by a steady state, of labelled DVs. Above a certain threshold concentration, the rate of formation and the size of the DVs formed (as well as the steady state) all increased with increasing bead load, so that for a 16-fold increase in bead load, a corresponding fourfold increase in the incorporation of the recycled membrane into the DVs was observed. The threshold values, which depended on the sensitivity of the technique used to score these DVs, were lowered as bead size increased. The steady state of labelled DVs was shown to correspond to a strict balance between the formation and defecation rates as shown by efflux measurements and pulse-chase protocols using two consecutive labels. The duration of the pulse required to reach these steady states was inversely proportional to the logarithm of the bead number at low bead loads but remained constant at higher bead loads. The formation rates and the DV size were similar when cells were pulsed with beads from 0.5 to 3 microns, but DV size increased using beads of 4.5 and 5.7 microns. The maximal bead size that could be ingested was approximately 10 microns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3253295 TI - Fracture-flip: new high-resolution images of cell surfaces after carbon stabilization of freeze-fractured membranes. AB - We introduce fracture-flip, a method of obtaining high-resolution views of membrane surfaces. The method, a corollary of label-fracture, is based on the stabilization of the exoplasmic halves of membranes by carbon evaporation. Inversion of these casts followed by Pt/C imaging leads to new views of the cell surface at macromolecular resolution. PMID- 3253296 TI - Caffeine induces uncoordinated expression of cell cycle functions after ultraviolet irradiation. Accelerated cycle transit, sister chromatid exchanges and premature chromosome condensation in a transformed Indian muntjac cell line. AB - Caffeine enhances the lethal effect of DNA-damaging agents. It also affects the timing of events in the cell cycle; the enhanced cytotoxicity may be partly due to caffeine's ability to overcome the protective damage-induced delay in S or G2 phase. When the effects of caffeine are compared in a normal Indian muntjac cell line and a simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed, ultraviolet light (u.v.)-sensitive line in which u.v. induces many sister chromatid exchanges, different cell cycle sensitivities are seen. In the SV40-transformed line, caffeine over-rides the delay in DNA synthesis imposed by DNA damage; it initiates late cycle events after u.v. irradiation, and in some cases it induces S-phase premature chromosome condensation, apparently by inducing mitotic factors in cells where the chromatin is still replicating. Caffeine has been reported to induce similar premature chromosome condensation in cells arrested with DNA polymerase inhibitors; this is the first recognition that such events occur in response to caffeine treatment after DNA damage. Some apparent paradoxes of caffeine's action on irradiated cells can be thus explained. In the normal line, caffeine neither affects progression through the cycle nor induces premature chromosome condensation after irradiation. In both lines, caffeine increases killing and sister chromatid exchanges after u.v. irradiation; but these effects are more pronounced when exerted through the cell cycle-related mechanism. PMID- 3253297 TI - The 3T3 cell cycle at low proliferation rates. AB - When the proliferation rate of Swiss 3T3 cells is decreased by limiting the availability of growth factors, cell cycle variability increases, as predicted by the transition probability model. Nevertheless, the transition probabilities would appear to play a relatively minor role in the regulation of proliferation rate. Instead, at least 40% of the increase in the average cycle time is brought about by an elongation of the minimum cycle time (i.e. the 'deterministic' part of the cycle). In addition, we have found that a substantial proportion of the cells (roughly 20%, in the present experiments, for doubling times of the order of 35-40 h) drop out of cycle in each generation, leading to a growth fraction of less than 1.0. The non-dividing cells, which we have previously shown to remain capable of division, would seem to support the existence of a Go state outside the normal cell cycle, and distinct from the indeterminate states postulated by the transition probability model. Because of the generation of nondividing cells at low proliferation rates, the log alpha and beta plots (distributions of cycle times, and sibling cycle time differences, respectively) are markedly concave, with a continuously decreasing slope. The transition probabilities cannot therefore be estimated directly and it is impossible to determine the extent to which they contribute to the regulation of proliferation rate. Rather, our data suggest that the transition probabilities are not uniform throughout the population under these conditions, but vary substantially from cell to cell. In addition to the changes in cell cycle kinetics, we also report an increased failure rate of cytokinesis, at low proliferation rates, leading initially to the appearance of binucleate cells. Such failures of cytokinesis may be responsible for the well-known rise in the incidence of binucleate and polyploid cells in the liver, with age. PMID- 3253298 TI - Effects of phorbol esters on shape and locomotion of human blood lymphocytes. AB - The effects of phorbol esters on shape change and locomotion of human blood lymphocytes were studied both immediately after separating the cells from blood and after overnight culture. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), phorbol dibutyrate (PDB) and related esters produced complex shape changes in lymphocytes at both times. These shapes were analysed quantitatively using objective measurements derived from the moments of cell shapes. Immediately after removal from blood, many lymphocytes (20-60% of the total) protruded and retracted veils or spikes at more than one point on the cell surface. The morphology of these cells was not typical of locomotor cells. Usually, formation of a veil was not followed by a contraction wave moving down the cell, though some cells did show contraction waves, and some moved into collagen gels or filters. After overnight culture, a high proportion (70-80%) of cells had changed shape in PMA and PDB. Although the shapes were still atypical, they resembled classical locomotor morphology more closely; veils formed at one point on the cell surface tended to persist, and contraction waves and constriction rings were seen in many cells. These cells moved in large numbers into collagen gels or filters. Comparison of the paths traversed by PMA-treated lymphocytes in collagen gels suggested that cells cultured in PMA for 24 h pursued more persistent paths that those in short-term culture, but the difference was not marked. We suggest that phorbol esters induce immediate shape change without inducing the complete sequence of motor events necessary for efficient locomotion, whereas after prolonged culture in phorbol esters, locomotion is more efficient, possibly because phorbol esters, like other growth activators, stimulate events during the G1 phase of growth that are necessary for full expression of locomotor capacity. PMID- 3253299 TI - Diacylglycerol-induced shape changes, movements and altered F-actin distribution in human neutrophils. AB - The study shows that diacylglycerols (DAGs) as physiological activators of protein kinase C induce characteristic shape changes in human neutrophil granulocytes. In contrast to chemotactic peptides, which can induce front-tail polarity characterized by a contracted tail and an expanding front, DAGs elicit the formation of non-polar cells with surface projections. These cells exhibit a distinct type of motility characterized by vigorous and continuous shape changes without front-tail polarity and without the unidirectional movement and cytoplasmic streaming seen in polarized cells. In neutrophils exposed to DAGs, F actin is shifted to the cell periphery and mainly into the surface projections of activated cells. DAGs induce the formation of large intracellular vacuoles in neutrophils producing surface projections, and these vacuoles persist after the cells have reacquired a spherical shape. Combined stimulation of human neutrophils with DAG and fNLPNTL results in a suppression of peptide-induced polarity and the formation of non-polar motile cells resembling those stimulated with DAG alone. These results suggest that the diacylglycerol-protein kinase C pathway may be instrumental in transducing or modulating signals to both the locomotor apparatus and the exocytotic and/or pinocytic system of the cell. Neutrophil stimulation with DAGs thus represents a useful model with which to study further the hypothesis that distinct types of neutrophil shapes and movements are preferentially associated with distinct functions and to characterize signalling pathways. PMID- 3253300 TI - Cell surface heparan sulphate and adhesive property of sublines of rat ascites hepatoma AH7974. AB - Two variants (74AD and 74FL) established from rat ascites hepatoma AH7974 were examined for the production of glycosaminoglycans in culture. There was no difference between the adhesive (74AD) and the floating (74FL) variants in quantity of glycosaminoglycans produced by their cultivation in minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum. However, they were distinctly different in the distribution patterns of heparan sulphate. In 74FL, about 70% of total heparan sulphate was found in the culture medium in soluble form, whereas in 74AD, only 7% was found in the medium and the rest was in the cell-substratum complex. In a serum-free medium, 74AD cells grew without adhering to the substratum. After cultivation, more than 90% of total heparan sulphate was found in the cell-associated fractions and the rest in the substratum fractions. No heparan sulphate was detected in the culture medium. On the other hand, 74FL cells released heparan sulphate to the serum-free medium as much as to the serum containing medium. The increase in amount of heparan sulphate in the culture medium of 74FL cells was supposed to be caused by failure of the cells to deposit heparan sulphate at the cell surface and not caused by increased production. Cell substratum adhesion mechanisms involving cell surface heparan sulphate (heparan sulphate proteoglycan) and some serum intermediate(s) are discussed for 74AD cells. PMID- 3253301 TI - Cytotoxic effects of cisplatin, cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), on Tetrahymena. AB - A study was made of the effects of cisplatin, cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (5 250 mg l-1), on the physiology and fine structure of Tetrahymena. The physiological effects observed were dose-dependent. Endocytosis was inhibited reversibly in all, but late in the high, concentrations. After an initial dose related increase, due to division of cells most advanced in the cell cycle, proliferation ceased for at least two normal cell generations (6 h) in 50 and 100 mg drug l-1, but for 24 h in 250 mg l-1, after which multiplication was resumed in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to cisplatin resulted in the appearance of small, refractive granules and platinum (i.e. electron-dense material) accumulated in these granules. Fine structural observations of cells exposed to 250 mg drug l-1 showed nucleolar fusion and appearance initially of lipid droplets, dense granules and autophagosomes. A time-dependent redistribution of cell organelles was revealed by morphometry; in particular, the mitochondria increased in number, but decreased in size. Moreover, after prolonged treatment (24 h) and without cell division, the inner mitochondrial membrane had diminished and the ratio of the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane was only half of the value for control mitochondria. Concomitantly with this decrease, the cell content of ATP was reduced to a similar extent. The findings indicate a specific action of cisplatin on mitochondria, resembling that induced in Tetrahymena by chloramphenicol and methotrexate. PMID- 3253302 TI - Two populations of mast cells on fibroblast monolayers: correlation of quantitative microscopy and functional activity. AB - We have previously shown that a confluent layer of mature mast cells is obtained when lymph node cells are grown on embryonic fibroblast monolayers. Two populations of mast cells may be observed, depending on treatment of the mice from which the lymph node cells are derived. We report now on the morphometric evaluation of these two mast cell entities, and we correlate this with cellular biochemistry and secretory behaviour. The first type of mast cell is small (265 +/- 20 microns 3). It arises from the embryonic monolayer and the cells have feathers resembling those of connective tissue mast cells. These cultured cells are filled with about 1000 homogeneous electron-dense granules, which usually range in diameter from 0.05 to 0.2 microns. The second type of mast cell arises from precursors originating from the lymph node and they have feathers of mucosal mast cells. These cells are larger (480 +/- 40 microns 3) and contain about 300 heterogeneous granules, which range from 0.1 to 0.8 microns. Both cell entities contain about equal amounts of histamine, serotonin and chymase. Biologically, the two cell entities secrete soluble mediators (histamine and serotonin) at different rates compared to the rate at which they secrete chymase. We suggest that such a pattern of secretion exhibits a form of degranulation that permits the release of freely diffusible mediators that are loosely bound to granules, but only partially permits the secretion of insoluble mediators, which are stored in the granules. Alternatively, there might be a mechanism that rapidly inactivates or binds chymase so that only the vasoamines will be free. PMID- 3253303 TI - Electron spectroscopic imaging of the centrosome in cells of the Indian muntjac. AB - Specific antibody labelling indicates that phosphoproteins are present at microtubule-organizing centres, including the centrosome. We have employed electron spectroscopic imaging techniques that permit high-resolution elemental analysis of thin sections of intact cells to investigate the precise distribution of phosphorus and therefore phosphoproteins at the centrosome of Indian muntjac cells. We report that these proteins are localized to both the pericentriolar matrix and the centriole. The matrix contains an abundance of phosphorus and is associated with microtubule elements. Within the mature centriole, major structures including the nine triplet blades and linking elements that connect adjacent blades are composed of phosphorylated proteins. In addition, phosphoproteins are abundant at the ends of the centriole, at the interface between the centriole lumen and the pericentriolar environment. From these observations we suggest that phosphoproteins may play both a structural and a functional role within the centrosome region. PMID- 3253305 TI - Muscle activity in myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome patients: a structured clinical evaluation. PMID- 3253304 TI - Identification of a set of calcium-binding proteins in reticuloplasm, the luminal content of the endoplasmic reticulum. AB - A procedure was developed for the isolation of reticuloplasm, the luminal material of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A reticuloplasm-rich extract was prepared from a murine plasmacytoma cell line that contains large amounts of ER, by first extracting the cytoplasmic contents using hypotonic lysis to yield ER rich 'shells' followed by mechanical lysis to release the ER contents. The extract contains five major proteins with apparent molecular weights of 100, 75, 60, 58 and 55 (X 10(3] Mr by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 100, 75 and 58 (X 10(3] Mr species were identified as the known ER proteins endoplasmin, BiP and PD1, respectively. The ER association of the 60 and 55 (X 10(3] Mr proteins was confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy with affinity-purified antibodies. Equilibrium dialysis with isolated reticuloplasm gave a calcium binding capacity of 300 nmoles calcium per mg protein with half-maximal binding at 3 mM-Ca2+. Purified endoplasmin bound 280 nmoles calcium per mg protein at a calcium concentration of 5 mM-Ca2+. A calcium overlay test revealed that, in addition to endoplasmin, reticuloplasm contained at least three other calcium binding proteins: i.e. BiP, PDI and the 55 X 10(3) Mr protein, respectively, with endoplasmin and the 55 X 10(3) Mr protein (CRP55) accounting for the major proportion of the calcium-binding activity. Treatment of cells with calcium ionophore led to the specific over-expression of the major calcium-binding reticuloplasmins endoplasmin, BiP and CRP55. These studies show that the lumen of the ER contains a family of proteins with the capacity to bind significant amounts of calcium in the millimolar range and thereby to confer upon the ER the ability to perform a calcium storage function analogous to that of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells. PMID- 3253306 TI - Tomographic analysis of mandibular condyle position as compared to arthrographic findings of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3253307 TI - On-line analysis of natural activity in muscles of mastication. PMID- 3253308 TI - The effect of therapeutic laser treatment in patients with craniomandibular disorders. PMID- 3253309 TI - Treatment outcome results for consecutive TMJ clinic patients. PMID- 3253310 TI - Craniomandibular disorders and masticatory mandibular movements. PMID- 3253311 TI - [Predictive factors in radial keratotomy. Analysis of results]. AB - Prospective evaluation of radial keratotomy was conducted on 300 surgeries. Group A recovered low myopia within -0.75 to -3.00 diopters (D) and group B extended from -3.25 to -9.00 D. Before surgery the mean spherical equivalent in the first group was -2.29 D and in the second -4.81 D. After 12 months, the average change in spherical equivalent was 2.19 D in the A group and 4.08 in the B group. After one year, the mean uncorrected visual acuity was above 20/25 in all cases of the first group and ranged from 20/30 to 20/25 in the second one. A discussion of the different predictive factors is presented as well as a statistical approach to each parameter. PMID- 3253312 TI - [Epidemiologic study of strabismic amblyopia in Tunisia]. AB - The authors study 202 strabismus cases and evaluate the strabismic epidemiology of Tunisia: 58% of squint children have amblyopia. The low vision is important, and getting worse with age. The treatment is simple, consisting of occlusion of the good eye, but it become longer and more difficult after six years. The best results are obtained in the first four years. Good cooperation from the parents is required. The authors insist on the necessity of early detection through testing, the prevention of recurrence and, above all, on preventing the advent of amblyopia as soon as strabismus appears. PMID- 3253313 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of alphabetical syndromes in esotropia. Apropos of 98 cases]. AB - The authors report the results of 98 cases of esotropia treated by global surgery. They treated 72 "V" syndromes, 22 "A" syndromes and 4 cases without vertical incommitance but presenting visible hyperactivities of the oblique muscles. The alphabetical variations have been treated by weakening of the oblique muscles and sometimes have been treated by weakening of the oblique muscles and sometimes of the vertical recti which are part of the same torsional couple (inferior oblique - inferior rectus in the "V" syndrome, superior oblique superior rectus in the "A" syndrome). Post-operative improvement has been obtained in 76% of the cases for the "V" syndrome and in 63% of the cases for the "A" syndrome. The surgery of the oblique muscle must be done according to the importance of the incommitance. The arc-technique permits these adjustments. Some pronounced "X" syndromes appear in the post-operative period. All anomalies found during motility examination should be surgically corrected. PMID- 3253314 TI - [2 new visual acuity tests for children: the Cadet letters and Cadet images]. AB - The authors present two new visual tests for preschool children: the Cadet letters and the Cadet images, work of the Cadet (Cercle d'Action et de Depistage des Troubles visuels de l'enfant). The Cadet lettres prospects the angular acuity of children on and after three years. The Cadet images prospects the psychomorphoscopic visual acuity of children on and after two years. PMID- 3253315 TI - [Presentation of an apparatus to measure lens opacity: Opacity Lensmeter 701. Preliminary study]. AB - The Opacity Lensmeter is a new instrument permitting the measurement of lens opacity. This preliminary report was performed on 98 patients (195 phakic eyes). Age, sex, lens opacity and retinal sensibility (using automated perimetry with the Octopus 2000 R) were assessed. A correlation between age and lens opacity was found in a simple linear regression model on 186 eyes (available data): opacity = 0.00423 square (age) + 5.18. An another more precise correlation was found in 138 eyes, excluding those with anterior segment abnormalities and corneal opacity: opacity = 0.0035 square (age) + 5.17. No statistical differences were observed between lens opacity and sex nor were left/right differences significant. No conclusion was possible concerning retinal sensibility and measured lens opacity because of the small sample (25 eyes). This easily handled instrument may be helpful in daily practice to evaluate opacity in lens pathology. Furthermore, it should be useful for the interpretation of the respective role of cataract and retinal damage in P.O.A.G. loss of retinal sensibility. PMID- 3253316 TI - [An example of dominant heredity in the transmission of primary open-angle glaucoma in a northwestern region of Greece]. AB - The authors have accomplished an epidemiological clinical and genetic study on primary open-angle glaucoma among 411 persons in the North Western district of Greece (Epirus), belonging to 4 genealogical trees. 112 of the 411 persons were offsprings aged 30 years or more, alive or dead, and they had direct blood relation to the propositus. 35 of these offsprings were suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma. The classification and the number of the affected subjects suggested that one major gene, expressed by the autosomal dominant character, is the main factor for the heredity of primary open-angle glaucoma in Epirus-Greece. PMID- 3253317 TI - [A universal laser for intraocular treatment]. AB - The creation of a single apparatus incorporating the different lasers applicable to intraocular pathology derives from the idea of possessing the means, with one device, of objectively comparing the effects and parameters of various lasers in order to pursue a more precise line of treatment. This has led to our fabrication of the universal intraocular laser. The word universal means the ability of the machine to act on each kind of intraocular tissues with all of the various infrared or other-colored radiations, as well as with different modalities. The unit is transportable. It only requires a source of electric power (110 or 220 V) and includes an independent cooling system. The Nd: YAG laser has selectable operating parameters: pulsed or continuous excitation, Q-switched or mode-locked mode, mirror or fiber optic transmission. It is used also as the basic system of the coloured module. The colour module can provide the three clinically useful radiations: green, red, yellow. The green (532 nm) is obtained by transmission of the I.R. beam brought a birefringent crystal (KTP). Red (650 nm) and yellow (575 nm) come from two incorporated dye lasers excited by the green radiation. PMID- 3253318 TI - [Angiography by the oral route using enteric-coated capsules]. AB - We have performed Retinal Fluorescein Angiograms in three groups of patients who had been previously administered, respectively: intravenous sodium fluorescein, hard gelatin-coated fluorescein oral capsules, and enteric-coated fluorescein capsules. In all groups, we carried out a curve of the dye plasma levels. We concluded that the enteric-coated fluorescein capsules provide effective dye plasma levels for the performance of the angiogram between 40 and 60 minutes later, thus obtaining great sharpness and quality retinal images, much better than those attained with the hard gelatin-coated fluorescein capsules. PMID- 3253320 TI - Continuities in the sociology of medical education: an introduction. PMID- 3253319 TI - Continuities in the sociology of medical education. PMID- 3253321 TI - Structure and ideology in medical education: an analysis of resistance to change. PMID- 3253322 TI - Toward a new sociology of medical education. PMID- 3253323 TI - Learning to doctor: reflections on recent accounts of the medical school years. PMID- 3253324 TI - Gender and medical socialization. PMID- 3253325 TI - Cadaver stories and the emotional socialization of medical students. PMID- 3253326 TI - Notes on the sociology of medical discourse: the language of case presentation. PMID- 3253327 TI - Ideology or self-interest? Medical students' attitudes toward national health insurance. PMID- 3253328 TI - Convergence or divergence in Third World medical education? An Arab study. PMID- 3253329 TI - On multi-drug combinations in the treatment of leprosy. PMID- 3253330 TI - Drug compliance among self-motivated leprosy patients. AB - Regularity of DDS intake among 366 leprosy patients attending our out patient department voluntarily was assessed by urine spot test. It was found that only 54.6% of them had taken their last dose of drug within the previous three days. Those who kept their appointment showed better compliance than those who did not. Urinary DDS positivity was found to be unrelated to sex, occupation or the type of the disease. In the younger age group the compliance was low, as also among the patients coming from nearby places as compared to those who were residing in far off districts. PMID- 3253331 TI - A study of job satisfaction, job commitment and attitudes towards patients of para-medical workers in the field of leprosy. PMID- 3253332 TI - Effect of multidrug therapy on the levels of antibodies to Mycobacterium leprae glycolipid-1 in the leprosy spectrum. AB - Sera from one hundred and forty five untreated leprosy patients, ten proven cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis and twenty five healthy volunteers not exposed to M. leprae infection were assayed for PGL-1 antibodies. All available follow up samples after multidrug therapy were also assayed. A decline in the level of PGL 1 antibodies were seen in many of the post-treatment samples, giving an indirect assessment of the bacterial load and the prognosis of the disease. PMID- 3253333 TI - Paucibacillary leprosy: a comparative study of different schedules of multidrug therapy. AB - The study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of various multidrug regimens (MDT). Three groups of 10 cases each of Paucibacillary cases were given different schedule of multidrug therapy. First group (T-0) was administered modified WHO regimen consisting of Rifampicin 600 mg once a month, Clofazimine 100 mg alternate days and Dapsone 100 mg daily for 6 months. In second group (T-1) Rifampicin 600 mg was given daily for 6 weeks and in third group (T-2) Rifampicin 600 mg was given daily for 6 months. In both the latter groups Clofazimine 100 mg on alternate days and Dapsone 100 mg daily was also administered for 6 months. Objective clinical scoring was done at the time of admission, three months and six months after treatment in all three groups. The best results were obtained by T-2 followed by T-1; and least effective was T-0 regimen. Pinkish colour of urine and skin was observed in 26 cases and icthyosis in all the cases. All the patients remain under treatment. The work is in progress and subsequent results will be published later. PMID- 3253334 TI - Study of serum zinc level in leprosy. AB - Serum Zinc level was estimated in different types of leprosy by 'Dithiazone extraction' method in 75 leprosy patients comprising 15 each of Tuberculoid Tuberculoid (TT); Borderline Tuberculoid (BT); Borderline Borderline (BB); Borderline Lepromatous (BL) and Lepromatous Lepromatous (LL). These findings were evaluated in comparison to 15 normal subjects serving as controls. Serum zinc level was observed to be significantly low in all types of leprosy except tuberculoid leprosy (TT). No significant difference was observed in serum zinc levels before and after 90 days of dapsone Therapy. The findings of our study are of considerable importance as zinc deficiency can be one of the factors involved in non-specific suppression of cell mediated Immunity (CMI) in lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 3253335 TI - Epistaxis and leprosy. AB - Forty-four leprosy patients with epistaxis were analysed. Aetiopathogenesis of epistaxis in leprosy is discussed in the light of available literature. It has been suggested that epistaxis is more frequent and severe in leprosy patients and more liable to have complications. Epistaxis in leprosy with nasal lesions may alarm the physician that patient has some systemic disorder. PMID- 3253336 TI - Leukemoid reaction in erythema nodosum leprosum in a leprosy patient. AB - A case of lepromatous leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) presenting as a myeloid leukemoid reaction is reported. Very high leucocyte count with immaturity of the cells in myeloid series was present in peripheral blood. High leucocyte alkaline phosphatase score, absence of hepatosplenomegaly and transient nature of leukemoid reaction differentiated it from chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloblastic leukemia. The possible mechanisms of leukemoid reaction in ENL are discussed. PMID- 3253337 TI - Epidemiology of leprosy in tribals of Adhaura plateau. AB - A door to door survey was carried out in the Adhaura plateau of Bihar, to find out the magnitude of leprosy problems in that area. Out of a total of 7,521 persons, mostly tribals, 5,476 were examined giving a coverage of 72.8%. Prevalence rate of leprosy was 20.6%/1000 population. Maximum prevalence was seen in the age group of 55 and above. The disease was more common in males and in the literate and educated group. The ratio of tuberculoid was 57.5%, borderline 29.0% and lepromatous 10.0%, indeterminate type constituted 3.5%. The population had a poor nutritional status with caloric intake of 1471 cal per day. PMID- 3253338 TI - Pattern of relapses in pauci-bacillary leprosy patients treated with M.D.T. (W.H.O. 1982). AB - Out of 92 Pauci-bacillary leprosy patients treated with MDT (WHO 1982), two patients developed indisputable clinical signs of relapse during 10th and 26th month of observation period. Two more patients developed reversal reaction during 8th and 12th month of observation period, which we presume to be early manifestation of relapse. Addition of a more bactericidal drug, rifampicin, appear to have a bearing on the incidence of relapse, though not on it's incubation period. No change of classification was noticed at the time of relapse. Incidence of relapse in female patients was much higher than in male patients. PMID- 3253339 TI - Multidrug therapy in paucibacillary leprosy--a five year experience. AB - 736 paucibacillary (PB) patients were given multidrug therapy (MDT) for at least 6 months. Overall, 44% became inactive after 6 doses, and 69% after 12 doses. However, 27% remained active at the time of analysis. It is recommended that at least 12 doses of MDT be given to PB patients irrespective of the type. PMID- 3253340 TI - Estimation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy. AB - A high incidence of increased plasma level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been reported in cases of lepromatous leprosy. HDL-C levels were estimated in 96 (50 under treatment and 46 untreated) lepromatous leprosy patients and 84 randomly selected matched control patients suffering from other skin diseases attending skin out-patients department. HDL-C estimations were performed for the diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy in patients aged below 60 years, taking plasma HDL-C levels as 28-71 mg./dl. in men and 34-91 mg./dl. in women, as range of normal values. The study revealed that HDL-C levels in lepromatous leprosy group were raised and significantly different when compared with control group (t = 35.1668 and P less than 0.001). The sensitivity of the test was very high, 97.9 per cent (94/96), but specificity was low 80.95 per cent (68/84). False positive and false negative results were 19.04 per cent (16/84) and 2.08 per cent (2/96) respectively. It is opined that a negative test will be mainly useful in excluding diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 3253341 TI - Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis masquerading as lepromatous leprosy. AB - A 23-year old male presented for evaluation of skin coloured, non-scaly, asymptomatic papulonodules of sizes varying from 0.5 cm to 2 cm of 4 years duration distributed all over the body including the ears. The plaques present on the face gave the appearance of a 'leonine facies'. Clinically mistaken for lepromatous leprosy in reaction the patient was treated with antileprosy and anti inflammatory drugs in 3 other centres for months with no improvement. Systemic involvement included painful swelling of both knee joints, pericardial effusion episcleritis and enlarged liver. Negative slit smears for AFB from the nodules repeatedly and the histology of one on the skin nodules clinched the diagnosis of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. The case is reported not only for its rarity, and varying clinical lesions simulating lepromatous leprosy but also to alert the leprologists to avert unreasonable delay in diagnosis. PMID- 3253342 TI - Adreno-cortical function in leprosy. AB - Adreno cortical function was carried out in 43 cases of leprosy. These cases were further divided into tuberculoid, borderline, lepromatous and Lepra reaction. Serum and urinary electrolyte, urinary 17-Ketosteroid and 17-Ketogenic steroid and plasma cortisol levels were measured to assess the adrenocortical status in these different forms of leprosy. It was observed that these parameters were within normal limit in tuberculoid leprosy except low value of urinary 17 Ketogenic steroid. The borderline and Lepromatous leprosy cases revealed low values of urinary sodium, potassium and 17-Ketogenic steroid and high level of serum potassium. However, the cases of lepra reaction revealed low value of serum and urinary sodium and potassium, urinary 17-Ketogenic steroid. The basal plasma cortisol level was high in this group but it was statistically insignificant. PMID- 3253343 TI - Leprosy work at Ambilikkai, south India--a report. PMID- 3253344 TI - [Pathologic morphology of collagen fibers in the radicular cyst. Distribution and mode of appearance of the fibrous long spacing-type fibrils]. PMID- 3253345 TI - [Correlation of periodontal pocket depth with dynamics in subgingival microflora and clinical parameters]. PMID- 3253346 TI - [Influence of periodontopathic bacterial antigens on the immune response in mice]. PMID- 3253347 TI - [Effects of oral immunization on Actinomyces viscosus infection in hamsters]. PMID- 3253348 TI - [The process of wound healing after a flap operation. Regeneration of the gingival epithelium and connective tissue examined by autoradiography]. PMID- 3253349 TI - [Histopathological study of healing following flap surgery in rats. Effects of treatment for exposed root surface in periodontal pockets on the healing process]. PMID- 3253350 TI - [Histopathological study of the effects of root canal filling materials on wound healing after flap surgery in dogs]. PMID- 3253351 TI - [Histopathological study of the experimental food impaction in rats. Effects of the differences caused by the degree of compression and forms of diet]. PMID- 3253352 TI - [The effects of immunosuppressive and immunoenhancing agents on rat experimental periodontitis]. PMID- 3253353 TI - [Image analyzable research on the radiograph of the alveolar bone of occlusal trauma. 1]. PMID- 3253354 TI - [Evaluation of increases in gingival blood flow caused by NaCl solutions and dentifrices containing NaCl]. PMID- 3253355 TI - [The study of dentifrice containing Phellodendron amurense extracts on periodontal disease (I). The anti-inflammatory effects and clinical effects of Phellodendron amurense extract on periodontal disease]. PMID- 3253356 TI - [The study of dentifrice containing Phellodendron amurense extract on periodontal disease (II). The clinical effects of dentifrice containing Phellodendron amurense extract and anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 3253357 TI - [On an attempt for juvenile periodontitis therapy. Part 1. The effect of systemic administration of antibiotics for juvenile periodontitis]. PMID- 3253358 TI - [Epidemiological research of periodontal disease from questionnaire and pocket examination for junior and senior high school students in Kawagoe]. PMID- 3253359 TI - [The statistical observation on questionnaires of periodontal patients. Report 2. Nutrition investigation]. PMID- 3253361 TI - [Complication of osseointegrated implants related to follow-up maintenance phase. Two cases of hyperplasia formation and gingivitis]. PMID- 3253360 TI - [Case report: a clinical improvement of highly destroyed periodontal tissue]. PMID- 3253362 TI - Dentofacial changes produced by extraoral posterior force on the mandible of Macaca irus. PMID- 3253363 TI - [The cineradiographical study of the change of deglutition in skeletal Class III patients after mandibular osteotomy]. PMID- 3253364 TI - [The effects of functional factors on the morphological changes of the craniofacial complex in anterior crossbite patients during orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3253365 TI - [Effects of Frankel appliance type II on the orofacial muscles in man]. PMID- 3253366 TI - [Changes of masticatory muscle activity due to difference of occlusal contacts]. PMID- 3253367 TI - [Longitudinal study of denture frame changes and their relationship with the development of skeletal malocclusions]. PMID- 3253368 TI - [Effects of denervation of the masseter muscle on craniofacial growth in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)]. PMID- 3253369 TI - [A case report of incomplete hemifacial hyperplasia]. PMID- 3253370 TI - [The effects of somatic growth and changes in the occlusal system on mandibular growth]. PMID- 3253371 TI - [Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary alveolar process in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients]. PMID- 3253372 TI - [A morphological study of the cranio-facial complex in the skeletal Class III patients]. PMID- 3253373 TI - [Orthodontic studies on super-elastic NiTi alloy wire. 2. Bending and controlling the amount of force]. PMID- 3253374 TI - [Biomechanical response of maxillary protraction on the craniofacial complex. Three-dimensional analysis by the finite element method]. PMID- 3253375 TI - [An experimental study of edgewise mechanism. Distribution of orthodontic forces during labial movement of lateral incisor measurement by strain gauges]. PMID- 3253376 TI - [An experimental study of edgewise mechanism--about distribution of orthodontic forces at canine retraction]. PMID- 3253377 TI - [X-ray CT cephalometrics providing functions as the standard for three dimensional reconstruction and bone mineral measurement]. PMID- 3253378 TI - [Analysis of craniofacial morphology using craniofacial drawing standards (CDS): application for orthognathic surgery]. PMID- 3253380 TI - [Dentofacial changes after simultaneous two jaw surgery]. PMID- 3253379 TI - [Masticatory muscle activity with bite splint during maximal clenching in intercuspal position]. PMID- 3253381 TI - [Prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction for 6-10-year old Japanese children with chincap orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3253382 TI - [Morphological studies on the mandibular symphysis of skeletal Class I, II, III malocclusions]. PMID- 3253383 TI - A comparative study of face bows with and without loops affecting upper molars. Application of the strain gauge method. PMID- 3253385 TI - [Histological investigations on the effect of the retraction apparatus applied to the rat]. PMID- 3253384 TI - [A case of congenital absence of numerous teeth including first molars]. PMID- 3253386 TI - Effects of the anterior bellies of the digastric muscle on growth and development of the rat mandible. PMID- 3253387 TI - Longitudinal study of the cant of the occlusal plane and the denture frame in cases with congenitally missing third molars. Further evidence for the occlusal plane change related to the posterior discrepancy. PMID- 3253388 TI - [Biomechanical response of the periodontal membrane to the various orthodontic force systems. The relationship between moment to force ratios and stress distributions in the periodontal membrane]. PMID- 3253389 TI - [A three-dimensional analyzing system of the face using stereophotogrammetry and computer graphics]. PMID- 3253390 TI - [An orthodontic study of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Part 1. Epidemiological research in 6-18-year-olds]. PMID- 3253391 TI - [An orthodontic study of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Part 2. Clinical research in orthodontic patients]. PMID- 3253393 TI - Stress analysis of ceramic bracket by the finite element method. PMID- 3253392 TI - [Psychological evaluation of the effects of orthognathic surgery for male and female patients with mandibular prognathism]. PMID- 3253394 TI - Drug usage by patients attending chiropractic clinics. AB - While chiropractors themselves offer a "natural" form of health care, their patients are drawn from a drug-ingesting population. This survey, conducted on patients attending chiropractic teaching clinics, found that more than 92% of respondents used drugs. Drugs assessed included nutritional supplements, social and prescription drugs. This paper considers the clinical manifestations of drugs frequently encountered in this study and comments on their impact for chiropractic practitioner's clinical practice. PMID- 3253395 TI - Acute lumbosacral myofascitis associated with Reiter's disease. AB - Reiter's syndrome is an arthritic condition that has as its main diagnostic features polyarthritis, conjunctivitis and urethritis. It is not typically associated with lumbosacral symptomatology. This paper reports a case of Reiter's syndrome with lumbosacral myofascitis. Therapy and management are discussed. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1988;11:500-504). PMID- 3253396 TI - Chiropractic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease going back more than 20 years was treated with a combination of chiropractic manipulation, nutritional advice, therapeutic exercises, and intersegmental traction. Improvements were noted in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, coughing, fatigue, and ease of breathing (sign test significant at 0.005 level). Improvement was also noted in laryngospasm. Studies are made and speculation as to the mechanism of the treatment effect is provided. PMID- 3253397 TI - Preventing legal suicide with medical records. PMID- 3253398 TI - Chiropractic management of spondylolisthesis with spondylolysis of the pars interarticularis: an example of the single-case study experimental design. PMID- 3253399 TI - Anterior interosseous nerve paralysis: cubital tunnel (kiloh-nevin) syndrome. PMID- 3253400 TI - A comparative study of post preparation diameters and deviations using Para-Post and Gates Glidden drills. PMID- 3253401 TI - Apical seal by customized versus standardized master cones: a comparative study in flat and round canals. PMID- 3253402 TI - A comparison of leakage between silver-glass ionomer cement and amalgam retrofillings. PMID- 3253403 TI - A comparison of engine and air-driven instrumentation methods with hand instrumentation. PMID- 3253405 TI - Evaluation of a minimally traumatic alveolar trephination procedure to avoid pain. PMID- 3253404 TI - The periodontal ligament injection: a comparison of 2% lidocaine, 3% mepivacaine, and 1:100,000 epinephrine to 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in human mandibular premolars. PMID- 3253406 TI - Glucose metabolism by Lactobacillus divergens. AB - Earlier studies on the fermentation of D-[1-14C]- and D-[3,4-14C]glucose by Lactobacillus divergens showed that lactate was the major fermentation product and that it was probably produced by glycolysis. It was therefore recommend that L. divergens be reclassified as a homofermentative organism. In the present investigation, products of D-[1-14C]-,D-[2-14C]- and D-[3,4-14C]glucose fermented by L. divergens were isolated, and their specific radioactivities and the distribution patterns of radioactivity in their C-atoms were determined. The positional labelling patterns of the fermentation products, their specific radioactivities and their concentrations confirmed that glucose is degraded via the glycolytic pathway. Some secondary decarboxylation/dissimilation of pyruvate to acetate, formate and CO2 was also observed. These results provide conclusive proof that L. divergens is indeed a homofermentative organism. Results obtained with D-[U-14C]glucose showed that approximately three-quarters of the lactate but less than 10% each of the formate and acetate were produced from glucose. The remainder was presumably derived to a varying degree from endogenous non-glucose sources such as fructose and/or amino acids. PMID- 3253407 TI - Utilization of histidine by Caulobacter crescentus. AB - Caulobacter crescentus has an inducible pathway which is responsible for the degradation of histidine. Induction of this pathway occurs in the presence of both glucose and ammonia. Growth yield experiments indicate that only two of the three available nitrogens are used for growth suggesting that formamide may be produced as a waste product. However, formamide was not detected in the culture fluid and formate was formed instead. These results suggest that histidine may be degraded in a novel pathway which results in the production of 1 mol each of ammonia, glutamate and formate per mol of histidine. The third nitrogen from histidine appears to be sequestered in some kind of secondary metabolite. PMID- 3253408 TI - The association between a large molecular mass plasmid and virulence in a strain of Salmonella pullorum. AB - Eight strains of Salmonella pullorum isolated from epidemiologically independent cases of pullorum disease (bacillary white diarrhoea) in young chickens possessed at least one large molecular mass plasmid in addition to smaller molecular mass plasmids. The 85 kb large plasmid, designated pBL001, of one of these strains was 'tagged' with an ampicillin resistance marker by the insertion of transposon Tn3. The plasmid was eliminated by passage in nutrient broth containing acridine orange. It was reintroduced into the strain from which it had been eliminated by mobilization using the F plasmid. Following oral inoculation of newly hatched Rhode Island Red chickens, the parent strain produced a high level of mortality (71%) with characteristic signs of pullorum disease. Following intramuscular inoculation of chickens of the same age, the bacterial LD50 was (log10 c.f.u.) 3.38 +/- 0.43 (mean +/- SEM). The derivative lacking pBL001 produced no mortality or morbidity when inoculated orally and the bacterial LD50 value increased to (log10 c.f.u.) 5.54 +/- 0.28. This increase was statistically significant (chi 2 = 13.6, P less than 0.01). Reintroduction of pBL001 restored virulence as gauged by oral inoculation of chickens (62% mortality) and by the intramuscular bacterial LD50 value (log10 c.f.u. = 3.78 +/- 0.25). These values were not significantly different to those produced by the parent strain (chi 2 = 0.59, P = 0.4 and chi 2 = 0.66, P = 0.5, respectively). Following oral inoculation, the pBL001-cured derivative was less invasive than the parent strain and following intramuscular inoculation it persisted for a shorter period than the parent strain in the liver, spleen and the leg muscle into which it had been inoculated. In addition, the parent strain, but not the pBL001-cured derivative, localized in large numbers in the myocardium where it produced lesions typical of pullorum disease. Both the parent strain and the pBL001-cured derivative were serum resistant in the presence of rabbit serum and grew equally well in chick serum and broth. PMID- 3253409 TI - Binding activity of Streptococcus canis for albumin and other plasma proteins. AB - All 24 cultures of Streptococcus canis examined bound 125I-labelled human albumin, IgG and fibrinogen; but neither IgA nor haptoglobin. Binding of human albumin was time-dependent, saturable and reversible by the addition of unlabelled albumin. The binding of 125I-labelled human albumin could be inhibited completely by unlabelled albumin preparations from humans, mice and dogs, and partly by bovine albumin. In contrast, binding of 125I-labelled human albumin was not inhibited by unlabelled rabbit albumin, human IgG or human fibrinogen. Data from competition experiments of two S. canis cultures with high 125I-labelled albumin-binding activities yielded KD values of 10 and 15 nmol l-1, respectively. The estimated number of binding sites per bacterial cell ranged from 30,000 to 57,000. The binding factor for albumin could be isolated from S. canis by boiling the bacteria at pH 2, and it was purified by affinity chromatography on human albumin-Sepharose. The isolated albumin-binding proteins had a molecular mass of approximately 51 kDa and inhibited binding of 125I-labelled albumin to S. canis. They formed complexes with human albumin that altered its electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 3253410 TI - Characterization of membrane components of the flask-shaped mycoplasma Mycoplasma mobile. AB - The cell membrane of Mycoplasma mobile was isolated by either ultrasonic or French press treatment of intact cells. The membrane fraction contained all of the cellular lipids, but only one-third of cellular proteins and had a density of 1.14 g ml-1. The soluble fraction contained the NADH dehydrogenase activity of the cells, as well as a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 55 kDa that was phosphorylated in the presence of ATP. Lipid analyses of M. mobile membranes revealed that membrane lipid could be labelled by radioactive glycerol, oleate and to a much higher extent by palmitate but not by acetic acid. The membrane lipid fraction was composed of 54% neutral and 46% polar lipid. The major constituents of the neutral lipid fraction were free fatty acid, free cholesterol and cholesterol esters (45, 25 and 20%, respectively, of total neutral lipid fraction). The free cholesterol count was 13% (w/w) of total membrane lipids with a cholesterol:phospholipid molar ratio of about 0.9. Among the polar lipids, both phospho- and glycolipids were detected. The phospholipid fraction consisted of a major de novo-synthesized phosphatidylglycerol (approximately 63% of total phospholipids), plus exogenous phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin incorporated in an unchanged form from the growth medium. The glycolipid fraction was dominated by a single glycolipid (approximately 90% of total glycolipids) that was preferentially labelled by palmitic acid and showed a very high saturated:unsaturated fatty acids ratio. PMID- 3253411 TI - Synthesis, molecular structure determination, and antitumor activity of platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes of 2-substituted benzimidazole. AB - The complexes of 2-aminomethyl benzimidazole, 2-(beta-aminoethyl)benzimidazole, and 2-(alpha-aminoethy-l)benzimidazole with Pt(II) and Pd(II) have been prepared. The molecular structure of the free ligands and their complexes were studied by IR and 1H NMR. It was concluded that the substituted benzimidazole derivatives behave as bidentate ligands, being bound to the metal atoms via the nitrogen of the -N = group and the amino group of the side chain of the benzimidazole ring. The metal complexes were tested for antineoplastic activity both in cultures of neoplastic cells (MEL-745, K-562, Colon 205, IMP-32, SK-N-SH) and in vivo in rodents bearing L-1210 leukemia. The antiproliferative activity of these agents was compared to that of cis-platin. PMID- 3253413 TI - A.B.C's periodontics. "D" is for Drugs--use and abuse. PMID- 3253412 TI - Interactions of selenium and cadmium with metallothionein-like and other cytosolic proteins of rat kidney and liver. AB - Following injection of rats with CdCl2 and [75Se]selenite using five different protocols, the metallothionein-like proteins (MTLPs) of kidney and liver cytosols were fractionated by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and DEAE Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography. Cd and 75Se distribution in gel-filtration elution profiles was influenced mainly by the time that elapsed between administration of these elements and by the sequence of their administration. There was no Cd redistribution to high molecular weight proteins after long-term Cd injection when rats were killed 48 hr after 75Se injection. Cd was redistributed from MTLP to high molecular-weight proteins in the liver when Cd and 75Se were injected within 1-3 hr of each other. Incorporation of 75Se into MTLP of kidney and liver was independent of Cd injection. The strength of 75Se binding of MTLP was comparable to the covalent binding of 75Se to glutathione peroxidase. Cd and 75Se did not share binding sites on MTLP. In ligand-exchange studies, 1000 ppm Cd did not displace 75Se from MTLP, but 2% 2-mercaptoethanol displaced 10% of the presumably nonspecifically bound 75Se from kidney and liver MTLP. This study provides new information regarding the apparent covalent binding of Se to low molecular-weight, Cd-containing proteins in kidney and liver. PMID- 3253414 TI - Dental care for migrant children. PMID- 3253415 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients with prosthetic joints: Indiana surgeons' recommendations. PMID- 3253416 TI - The epidemiology of AIDS, fall 1987. PMID- 3253417 TI - Diagnosis of HIV-related disease. PMID- 3253418 TI - Clinical course and management of HIV-related disease. PMID- 3253419 TI - Ethical dilemmas about HIV infection. PMID- 3253421 TI - The functional significance of the sympathetic innervation of mucous glands in the bronchi of man. AB - 1. Pieces of human bronchi, from lung resected for carcinoma of the bronchus, were mounted in Ussing chambers and given [35S]sulphate as radiolabelled precursor of mucous glycoproteins (mucins). The release of 35S, bound to macromolecules, into the luminal half-chamber was used as an index of mucin secretion. 2. Noradrenaline, at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 microM, was given into both halves of the Ussing chamber. At the lowest concentration, noradrenaline failed to change mucin output, but at the two higher concentrations it stimulated output. 3. In other experiments the sympathetic nerves in the bronchial wall were labelled with 5-hydroxydopamine and examined under the electron microscope. The distances between adrenergic nerve varicosities and submucosal glands were measured; some sympathetic nerve varicosities were seen within 1 microns of gland cells. 4. A simple mathematical model for the diffusion of noradrenaline was used to predict the concentrations of the transmitter likely to result at different distances from a nerve if one or more vesicles of noradrenaline were released. 5. The model predicts that the release of a single large vesicle of noradrenaline is likely to generate an effective concentration of transmitter provided that the nerve is within 1 micron of the target cell. PMID- 3253420 TI - Tubular mechanisms determining the urinary excretion of tritiated prostaglandin E2 in the anaesthetized rat. AB - 1. The renal excretion of arterially injected tritiated prostaglandin E2 ([3H]PGE2) and its metabolites has been examined in the anaesthetized rat before and after the administration of probenecid (an inhibitor of proximal organic acid secretion). [14C]Inulin was employed as a freely filtered, non-reabsorbable marker, while [3H]p-aminohippurate was used to assess the inhibitory effect of probenecid. The experiments allowed us to quantify the tubular delivery, proximal secretion, intratubular metabolism, and tubular reabsorption of [3H]PGE2 by the whole kidney in vivo. 2. Following a single pass through the left kidney 25% of an injected dose of [3H]PGE2 was excreted, although only 1.7% of the injected 3H co-chromatogrammed with cold PGE2. The chemical content of PGE2 in the isotope employed, produced a slight but significant (P less than 0.05) fall (12%) in the single-pass excretion of [14C]inulin. 3. Intravenous probenecid (100 mg kg-1 + 100 mg kg-1 h-1) completely inhibited the proximal tubular secretion of [3H]p aminohippurate, while the single-pass excretion of [14C]inulin remained unchanged. Probenecid also reduced the blood pressure and urine flow, and decreased the binding of [3H]PGE2 to plasma protein from 59 to 41%. 4. Probenecid administration reduced the single-pass excretion of 3H following an injection of [3H]PGE2 by 65% down to 8.5% of the injected dose. Due to the change in protein binding however, probenecid also increased the filtered load of [3H]PGE2 from 12 to 16% of the injected dose. 5. The following calculations were made concerning the tubular handling of [3H]PGE2 by the whole kidney in vivo. (i) Thirty-five per cent of the injected dose of [3H]PGE2 was secreted by the proximal tubules on a single pass through the kidney, in addition 12% was filtered while 59% was protein bound. (ii) The tubular reabsorption of [3H]PGE2 was 47% of the filtered load. (iii) [3H]PGE2 was subject to a high degree of intratubular metabolism which at a minimum value represented about 50% of the filtered load. The metabolism of [3H]PGE2 also occurred during proximal tubular secretion. PMID- 3253422 TI - Bilateral inputs and supraspinal control of viscerosomatic neurones in the lower thoracic spinal cord of the cat. AB - 1. Single-unit activity has been recorded from eighty-three viscero-somatic neurones in the lower thoracic spinal cord (T9-T11) of chloralose-anaesthetized cats. These neurones were driven by natural and/or electrical stimulation in their somatic receptive fields and gave excitatory responses to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral splanchnic nerve. Contralateral visceral inputs were tested by electrical stimulation of the contralateral splanchnic nerve. Tonic and phasic descending influences were tested by reversible spinalization with cold block at T7 and by electrical stimulation in nucleus raphe magnus and the immediately adjacent reticular formation. 2. Most viscero-somatic neurones (89%) gave an excitatory response to stimulation of the contralateral splanchnic nerve and were therefore considered to have bilateral visceral inputs. In this group of neurones three categories of cells were identified depending on whether their responses to ipsilateral splanchnic nerve stimulation were decreased (50%), increased (42%) or unchanged (8%) in the spinal state. Only one cell with an exclusively ipsilateral visceral input was tested for the effects of reversible spinalization. Stimulation of contralateral splanchnic nerve failed to evoke activity in this cell in the spinal state. 3. Sixty-four viscero-somatic neurones with bilateral visceral inputs and four neurones with exclusively ipsilateral visceral inputs were tested with electrical stimulation in nucleus raphe magnus and the adjacent reticular formation. Seventy-eight per cent gave an initial excitatory response which was followed by a period of reduced responsiveness to stimulation of visceral and somatic afferents. Three of the four neurones with an exclusively ipsilateral visceral input had no excitatory drive from the brain stem but their responses to stimulation of visceral and somatic afferents were depressed. 4. The majority (77%) of neurones with bilateral inputs were located in laminae VII and VIII with the remainder in the dorsal horn, predominantly laminae I and V, whereas all but one of the neurones with an exclusively ipsilateral visceral input were located in the superficial dorsal horn, predominantly lamina I, and none in laminae VII and VIII. 5. These results show that the majority of viscero-somatic neurones in the cat's lower thoracic spinal cord receive bilateral visceral inputs and that the transfer of this information is subjected to descending control which includes excitation as well as inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3253423 TI - Psychotomimetic sigma-ligands, dexoxadrol and phencyclidine block the same presynaptic potassium channel in rat brain. AB - 1. Efflux of 86Rb from synaptosomes prepared from rat forebrain was used to assess voltage-gated changes in K+ permeability in mammalian central nerve terminals. 2. Although they are structurally unrelated to phencyclidine (PCP), the sigma-ligands, N-allyl-normetazocine (NANM; SKF 10,047) and cyclazocine, generalize to PCP in behavioral assays, displace [3H]PCP from a high-affinity binding site in brain, and potently block the same voltage-gated K+ channel as PCP itself. 3. The block of the voltage-gated K+ channel in nerve terminals by NANM and cyclazocine was stereoselective and was unaffected by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Moreover, in our experiments the relative activity of the stereoisomers of NANM and cyclazocine compared favourably with their relative activity in behavioural paradigms and binding assays. 4. Dexoxadrol, the D-isomer of dioxodrol, which produces PCP-like behavioural effects and displaces bound [3H]PCP, was a potent blocker of the PCP-sensitive, voltage-gated K+ channel. The corresponding L-isomer, levoxadrol, which produces morphine-like antinociception and sedation, but does not produce PCP-like behaviour nor displace bound [3H]PCP, was a very weak blocker of the voltage-gated K+ channel. 5. Levoxadrol, but not dexoxadrol, activated a separate K+ channel, as manifested by an increase in 86Rb efflux. This effect was blocked by naloxone. 6. We conclude that one of the PCP sigma-ligand binding sites in the brain may be associated with the voltage-gated, non-inactivating K+ channel we observe in nerve terminals. Our findings are also consistent with the view that some of the behavioural manifestations of PCP intoxication are mediated by block of presynaptic K+ channels. PMID- 3253424 TI - The nature of the presynaptic effects of (+)-tubocurarine at the mouse neuromuscular junction. AB - 1. The effects of (+)-tubocurarine (TC) on tetanic run-down and quantum content of end-plate potentials (EPPs) were investigated in cut-fibre preparations of mouse diaphragm. 2. (+)-Tubocurarine, 0.15 microM, halved the amplitude of spontaneous miniature EPPs (MEPPs) and steepened the tetanic run-down of EPPs evoked at 10 Hz by increasing the quantum content of the first EPP of the train while having no effect on quantum content of plateau EPPs. With stimulation at 1 Hz, there was little run-down and the quantum content of all EPPs was increased by TC. 3. The use of binomial statistics to analyse release indicated that after TC the increase in the quantum content of the first EPP in the train at 10 Hz was due to an increase in n and that during the run-down there was a decrease in p so that plateau EPP quantum content at 10 Hz was not different from control. 4. To elucidate a possible role of cholinoreceptors in the presynaptic effects of TC, studies were made on the effects of pancuronium or of alpha-bungarotoxin (BTX), with concentrations and exposure times where they had postsynaptic effects equal to 0.15 microM-TC. The run-down of EPPs was unaffected by BTX, while pancuronium steepened it to a lesser extent than TC. 5. The anticholinesterase, ecothiopate, decreased the quantum content of plateau EPPs only at high frequencies of stimulation (50 Hz) and did not affect the presynaptic effects of TC at 10 Hz. 6. At concentrations which reduced MEPP amplitude, atropine (10 microM) or hexamethonium (50 microM) had no effect on EPP run-down. 7. These results indicate that TC could have presynaptic effects via a presynaptic acetylcholine receptor, but that such a receptor may not have the same binding specificities as the postsynaptic receptor. PMID- 3253425 TI - Repolarization current in embryonic chick atrial heart cells. AB - 1. We have measured the delayed rectifier potassium current, IK, with the whole cell patch-clamp technique from single cultured cells from the atria of 6- to 11 day-old chick embryonic hearts. 2. The IK component was activated with depolarizing voltage-clamp steps positive to -30 mV (holding potential in the -60 to -40 mV range). Maximum activation of the IK conductance occurred at +25 mV, based on deactivation, or tail current amplitudes upon return to the holding potential. Activation and tail current kinetics could both be described by single exponential functions of time. 3. The IK kinetics were voltage dependent, with a maximum time constant, tau n, of approximately 2 s at V = -20 mV. 4. The IK reversal potential measurements suggest that this current is carried predominantly by potassium ions. 5. The IK results from single cells, or clusters of two or three cells, were comparable to our recent measurements of IK (IX2) in heart cell aggregates (Shrier & Clay, 1986). However, we did not obtain clear evidence in single cells for the IX1 repolarization current, in contrast to the aggregate results. 6. Computer simulations based on our IK measurements demonstrate that this component is sufficient to initiate repolarization of the action potential in single cells. However, it is not sufficient to reproduce the latter phase of repolarization for potentials negative to -30 mV. Addition of a relatively small IX1 component (2% in absolute terms compared to the aggregate work) is sufficient to account for this part of the action potential. PMID- 3253426 TI - Function of identified motoneurones and co-ordination of primary and secondary motor systems during zebra fish swimming. AB - 1. The activity of the two classes of motoneurones, primary and secondary, which innervate myotomal muscle fibres in the zebra fish, was monitored with electromyographic and intracellular techniques. 2. Simultaneous EMG and intracellular recordings from muscle fibres showed that the activity of the two motor systems and of individual primary motoneurones can be distinguished by recording EMG spikes during swimming. 3. Measurements of EMG spikes demonstrated that primary and secondary motoneurones are co-ordinately activated over a wide range of conditions during normal swimming. 4. During swimming the primary motoneurones within a given segment are usually co-activated although they sometimes fire independently. 5. When different primary motoneurones within a given segment are co-activated, they fire nearly synchronously. 6. We conclude that the primary motoneurones are used principally, although not exclusively, during fast swimming, struggling and the startle response, whereas secondary motoneurones function primarily during slower swimming. PMID- 3253427 TI - Excitation and sensitization of fine articular afferents from cat's knee joint by prostaglandin E2. AB - 1. In cats anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose extracellular recordings were made from fine afferent units belonging to the medial articular nerve of the knee joint. The excitatory and sensitizing effects on articular afferents of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) applied intra-arterially close to the joint were examined. 2. Bolus injections of PGE2 doses of 0.03-30 micrograms excited about 60% of both the group III (conduction velocity 2.5-20 m/s) and the group IV units (conduction velocity less than 2.5 m/s). The duration and size of the responses were dose dependent consisting in most cases of low-frequency discharges which lasted up to several minutes. Excitation was found among afferents with low and high mechanosensitivity. 3. Among the group III units PGE2 sensitized 64% for their responses to movements and 50% for their responses to bradykinin (applied intra-arterially close to the joint). Sensitization did not depend on the mechanical threshold previous to chemical stimulation. Among the group IV units PGE2 sensitized only 25% for their responses to movements but 75% for their reactions to bradykinin. In group IV fibres a low mechanical threshold predisposed for sensitization to movements and a higher threshold for sensitization to bradykinin. 4. Some units were sensitized and excited, others were either sensitized or excited and some units were not affected by PGE2. We conclude that PGE2 induces in a large proportion of fine articular afferents of normal joints discharges which are similar to those induced by an experimental inflammation. Thus PGE2 may be an inflammatory mediator which has a major role in the generation of the afferent activity developing in the course of an arthritis. PMID- 3253428 TI - Synaptic control of hindlimb motoneurones during three forms of the fictive scratch reflex in the turtle. AB - 1. The turtle spinal cord produces three forms of the fictive scratch reflex in response to tactile stimulation of sites on the body surface. Common to all three forms is the rhythmic alternation of activity between hip protractor and hip retractor motoneurones. Hip protractor motoneurone activity is monitored via nerves innervating the hip protractor muscle puboischiofemoralis internus pars anteroventralis (VP-HP). Hip retractor activity is monitored via nerves innervating several monoarticular hip retractor muscles, one hip adductor muscle, and several biarticular hip retractor-knee flexor muscles (HR-KF). Each form is characterized by the timing of activity of motoneurones innervating femorotibialis (FT-KE), a monoarticular knee extensor muscle, within this alternating cycle (Robertson, Mortin, Keifer & Stein, 1985). In the present study, intracellular recordings revealed a corresponding regulation of synaptic drive to knee extensor motoneurones with respect to the synaptic drive to the motoneurones innervating antagonist muscles of the hip. These patterns of synaptic activation give rise to the distinct motor pattern underlying each form of the scratch reflex. 2. VP-HP, HR-KF and FT-KE motoneurones all exhibited phasic depolarizing and hyperpolarizing changes in membrane voltage during the production of the rhythmic motor patterns underlying each stratch form. Membrane depolarization is caused by synaptic excitation (EPSPs) and gives rise to motoneurone discharge. Hyperpolarization is primarily the result of postsynaptic inhibition (IPSPs) mediated by an increased conductance of chloride ions (Cl-) and ensures motor pool quiescence during antagonist activation. 3. VP-HP motoneurones depolarized during activation of the VP-HP motor pool and hyperpolarized during activation of the HR-KF motor pool. HR-KF motoneurones depolarized during activation of the HR-KF motor pool and hyperpolarized during activation of the VP-HP motor pool. In many cases, the amplitude of hyperpolarization was directly related to the intensity of the antagonist motor pool burst. During the rostral scratch, HR-KF motor pool activity was sometimes deleted, along with the depolarizing wave in HR-KF motoneurones and the hyperpolarizing wave in VP-HP motoneurones. The interneurones providing the synaptic drive to these antagonist motoneurones appear, therefore, to have reciprocal activation patterns. 4. FT-KE motoneurones depolarized during FT-KE motor pool activation and hyperpolarized during FT-KE motor pool quiescence. This alternation of opposing synaptic drive underlies the rhythmic activation of the FT-KE motor pool during all scratch forms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3253429 TI - Binocular co-ordination of human horizontal saccadic eye movements. AB - 1. The binocular co-ordination of human horizontal saccades was analysed for the first time systematically over the full oculomotor range with a precise and accurate scleral sensor coil technique. Effects of amplitude (1.25-80 deg), direction (adduction vs. abduction and centrifugal vs. centripetal) and eccentricity (symmetrical about primary or between primary and secondary positions) were systematically investigated in three subjects). 2. To minimize extraneous effects of stimulus presentation on the programming of saccades, subjects were instructed to voluntarily change their gaze between two continuously visible targets. These were positioned on an iso-vergence locus, and thus contained no stimulus for disjunctive eye movements. 3. Under these conditions the amplitudes of the primary saccades of the two eyes were remarkably accurate; undershooting of the target by about 0.5 deg (independent of amplitude in the range 10-70 deg) was typical. This finding contrasts with the undershooting by about 10% described in the literature as characteristic for other stimulus conditions. 4. Saccadic peak velocities saturated at a mean asymptotic level of 502 +/- 32 (S.D.) deg/s for saccades of 40 deg and larger. The duration was linearly related to amplitude for saccades up to 50 deg; for saccades of larger sizes the duration increased progressively more steeply. Skewness values (acceleration time as a fraction of total saccadic duration) decreased from about 0.45 for saccades up to 10 deg to about 0.20 for saccades of 50 deg and larger. 5. Binocular saccades showed an abduction-adduction asymmetry and were not well yoked dynamically. The saccades of the abducting eye consistently had a larger size, a higher peak velocity, a shorter duration and were more skewed than the concomitant adducting saccades of the fellow eye. As a result, the eyes diverged transiently by as much as 3 deg during horizontal saccades. 6. Saccades also showed a marked centrifugal-centripetal asymmetry. Peak velocities of saccades towards the primary position were about 10% higher than peak velocities of corresponding centrifugal saccades. 7. These directional asymmetries were the main source of variability in the pool of saccades. In comparison, intra- and intersubject variability was minor in our sample. 8. Post saccadic drift consisted of a vergence and a version component. The vergence component of this drift was a continuation of the vergence movement occurring during saccades. The version component, generally smaller than the vergence component, was directed towards the target position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3253430 TI - Binocular co-ordination of human vertical saccadic eye movements. AB - 1. The binocular co-ordination of human vertical saccades was analysed systematically over the full oculomotor range, with a precise and accurate scleral sensor coil technique. Effects of amplitude (1.25-70 deg), direction (upward vs. downward and centripetal vs. centrifugal), as well as position (upper or lower sector of vertical oculomotor range), were investigated systematically in three subjects. 2. All saccades were made voluntarily between continuously presented pairs of targets, which subtended equal angles of target vergence. 3. Vertical saccades were less accurate than horizontal saccades (as described by Collewijn, Erkelens & Steinman, 1988). For target distances between 10 and 70 deg, upward saccades undershot the target by about 10%, whereas downward saccades tended to overshoot the target. Downward saccades were about 1.5 deg larger than upward saccades between the same targets. 4. Peak velocities continued to increase monotonically with saccadic amplitude up to 513 +/- 27 (S.D.) deg/s for 70 deg saccades; a distinct asymptotic level was not reached. 5. Velocity profiles of upward and downward saccades, made symmetrically about the primary (straight-ahead) position, were very similar for amplitudes up to 30 deg. At larger amplitudes, velocity profiles of upward saccades remained single peaked, whereas those of downward saccades invariably developed a second velocity peak. 6. Parameters of upward saccades depended heavily on the position of the eye. In the upper oculomotor range such saccades had lower maximum speeds, longer durations, and were more skewed than similar saccades in the lower oculomotor range (below primary). Downward saccades were almost independent of eye position. 7. Vertical eye movements during vertical saccades were virtually identical in the two eyes. In contrast, disjunctive horizontal components were systematically present. Upward saccades, at all amplitudes, were associated with diverging eye movements. Converging eye movements occurred during downward saccades. These systematic effects suggest that the vergence subsystem is not turned off during saccades. 8. These changes in vergence were followed by converging horizontal post-saccadic drift after upward saccades, and in diverging horizontal drift after downward saccades.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3253431 TI - Photocurrents of cone photoreceptors of the golden-mantled ground squirrel. AB - 1. Visual transduction in photoreceptors of the ground squirrel, Citellus lateralis, was studied by recording membrane current from individual cones in small pieces of retina. 2. Brief flashes of light produced transient reductions of the dark current; saturating response amplitudes were up to 67 pA. A flash strength of about 11,000 photons microns-2 at lambda max was required to give a half-saturating response. The stimulus-response relation was well fitted by an exponential saturation curve. Responses below 20% of maximum behaved linearly. 3. The response to a dim flash in most cells had a time to peak of 20-30 ms and resembled the impulse response of a series of five low-pass filters. 4. The variance of the dim-flash response amplitude put an upper limit of 80 fA on the size of the single photon response. Estimates based on the effective collecting area suggest the single photon response to be of the order of 10 fA. 5. Flash responses of squirrel cones usually lacked the undershoot observed in primate cones, although in about 1/3 of the cells a small undershoot developed during recording. 6. Background lights slightly shortened the time to peak of the flash response and reduced the integration time. 7. Spectral sensitivity measurements showed two classes of cones with peak sensitivities at about 520 and 435 nm. Rod sensitivity peaked near 500 nm. Spectral univariance was obeyed by all three classes of cells. 8. The shapes of the spectral sensitivity curves of the rod and both types of cones were similar to each other when plotted on a log wave number scale, but differed significantly from similar plots of monkey and human cone spectra. 9. The kinetics and sensitivity of flash responses of the blue- and green-sensitive cones were indistinguishable. PMID- 3253432 TI - An electrophysiological study of the in vitro, perfused brain stem-cerebellum of adult guinea-pig. AB - 1. We describe here a technique which allows the long-term in vitro survival of the perfused isolated brain stem-cerebellum of adult guinea-pig. The viability of this preparation was assessed by comparing the electrophysiological properties of individual neurones and of neuronal pools to those obtained in vivo or in brain slices. The areas investigated included the cerebellar cortex, the inferior olive and the pontine nuclei. 2. Cerebellar field potential and intra- and extracellular single-cell recordings could be obtained for as long as 15 h after the preparation was initially isolated. The waveforms of field potentials recorded at various depths in the cerebellar cortex following surface folial stimulation were similar to those recorded in vivo. Extracellular recordings from single Purkinje cells following white matter stimulation demonstrated antidromic as well as mossy- and climbing fibre-mediated excitation. Stimulation of the cerebellar surface elicited orthodromic parallel fibre excitation of Purkinje cells and basket-stellate and Golgi cell inhibition. 3. Intrasomatic and intradendritic recordings from Purkinje cells reproduced all the phenomenology described earlier under in vivo conditions and in vitro slice preparations. In addition, spontaneous excitatory synaptic potentials generating simple spikes (mossy fibre-parallel fibre-mediated activity) and complex spikes (climbing fibre mediated activity) were consistently observed. 4. Extracellular field potentials and extra- and intracellular recordings from inferior olive neurones were similar to those previously shown for the mammalian inferior olive. 5. Intracellular recordings were also obtained from pontine nuclei neurones, a major source of mossy fibre afferents to the cerebellum. Stimulation of the contralateral superior cerebellar peduncle produced antidromic invasion of these neurones whereas stimulation of the ipsilateral inferior cerebral peduncle resulted in their orthodromic activation. 6. The preparation responded to pharmacological challenge in a manner which demonstrated a sequential activation of sets of synaptic links in a given pathway. Thus, harmaline generated oscillations of inferior olivary neurones which were similar to those observed in vivo and which produced climbing fibre EPSPs in Purkinje cells at the same frequency as the inferior olivary oscillations. Climbing fibre activation of the Purkinje cells generated powerful inhibitory potentials in the cerebellar nuclear neurones at the same frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3253433 TI - Relation between Na+-K+ pump, Na+ activity and force in strophanthidin inotropy in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres. AB - 1. The effects of different concentrations of strophanthidin on intracellular sodium activity (aiNa), membrane potential and contractile force have been studied in cardiac sheep Purkinje fibres under conditions (overdrive) that stimulate Na+-K+ pump activity. 2. In fibres driven at 1 Hz, a 5 min overdrive at 2 Hz in the steady state increased force by +74.2%, aiNa by +10.9% and the maximum diastolic potential (Emax) by 3.32 +/- 0.52 mV. 3. During the recovery from overdrive (the fibres being driven again at 1 Hz), both contractile force and aiNa transiently undershot the control value by -10.5 and -3.7%, respectively. When the fibres were quiescent during the recovery from overdrive, no aiNa undershoot was present. 4. During overdrive, force and aiNa were closely correlated when plotted either on linear (correlation coefficient, R = 0.98) or logarithmic (R = 0.98) co-ordinates. 5. A low concentration of strophanthidin (0.01 microM) decreased force (-31.7%) and aiNa (-7.2%): overdrive increased force and Emax more and aiNa less than in the absence of strophanthidin. During the recovery, the undershoot in force (-12.9%) and aiNa (-5.4%) was larger and longer than in the absence of strophanthidin. 6. An intermediate concentration of strophanthidin (0.05 microM) increased force (+43.5%) and aiNa (+6.4%): overdrive increased force and aiNa as usual, but during the recovery the force remained above the value prior to overdrive and there was no aiNa undershoot. 7. A high concentration of strophanthidin (0.1 microM) increased force (+91.4%) and aiNa (+11.7%): overdrive further increased force and aiNa more than in control but there was no increase in Emax. During the recovery, both force and aiNa remained well above the values prior to overdrive. 8. Force and aiNa were closely correlated whether aiNa decreased in 0.01 microM-strophanthidin (R = 0.99 both on linear and logarithmic co-ordinates) or increased in 0.05-microM- (R = 1.00 on both co-ordinates) and in 0.1 microM- (R = 0.98 and 0.99, respectively) strophanthidin. The two parameters were well correlated also during overdrive in the three strophanthidin solutions. However, the slope of the relation was less steep in the low- than in the higher-strophanthidin solutions. 9. For a 1 mM change in aiNa, force decreased less in the low- than it increased in the intermediate-strophanthidin solution. Also, in low-strophanthidin solution, at the end of overdrive the aNao/aNai ratio was similar to that in Tyrode solution but force was well above control (+73.2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3253434 TI - The renotrophic factor, a persistent stimulus that crosses the placenta in mice. AB - 1. Twenty 7-week female mice underwent right nephrectomy and twenty others were sham operated. A week later all animals were made pregnant. Pregnancy was repeated five more times consecutively and various renal parameters were assessed in the pups. 2. Fractional fresh kidney weight (relative to body weight) was significantly increased in the pups of nephrectomized mothers while percentage renal water and protein content expressed as mg/g kidney weight were not statistically different in the two groups of pups. Thus dry kidney weight and amount of protein per kidney were increased in the experimental group. This was true for the newborns of all six pregnancies. 3. Renal morphometric studies performed in newborns of first pregnancies showed that the mean number of glomeruli per microscopic field, mean fractional cumulative glomerular area (relative to microscopic field area) and the mean number of cells per glomerulus were significantly greater in the experimental group. Mean glomerular radius was not statistically different in the two groups. 4. The results indicate that: (1) the renotrophic factor(s) crosses the placenta in mice; (2) its activity in maternal circulation following uninephrectomy is sustained for a relatively long period; and (3) fetal response to enhanced maternal renotrophin stimulation consists of increased renal dry weight and renal protein, formation of super physiological numbers of glomeruli and cellular hyperplasia of the glomeruli. PMID- 3253435 TI - The physiological basis of heterochromatic flicker photometry demonstrated in the ganglion cells of the macaque retina. AB - 1. Heterochromatic flicker photometry is a way of measuring the spectral sensitivity of the human eye. Two lights of different colour are sinusoidally alternated at, typically, 10-20 Hz, and their relative intensities adjusted by the observer until the sensation of flicker is minimized. This technique has been used to define the human photopic luminosity, or V lambda, function on which photometry is based. 2. We have studied the responses of macaque retinal ganglion cells using this stimulus paradigm. The responses of the phasic ganglion cells go through a minimum at relative radiances very similar to that predicted from the V lambda function. At this point, defined as equal luminance, an abrupt change in response phase was observed. A small residual response at twice the flicker frequency was apparent under some conditions. 3. The spectral sensitivity of parafoveal phasic cells measured in this way corresponded very closely to that of human observers minimizing flicker on the same apparatus. 4. Minima in phasic cell activity were independent of flicker frequency, as is the case in the psychophysical task. 5. The response minima of phasic cells obey the laws of additivity and transitivity which are important characteristics of heterochromatic flicker photometry. 6. As the relative intensities of the lights were altered responses of tonic, spectrally opponent cells usually underwent a gradual phase change with vigorous responses at equal luminance. The responses of tonic cells treated individually or as a population could not be related to the V lambda function in any meaningful way. 7. We conclude that the phasic, magnocellular cell system of the primate visual pathway underlies performance in the psychophysical task of heterochromatic flicker photometry. It is likely that other tasks in which spectral sensitivity conforms to the V lambda function also rely on this cell system. PMID- 3253436 TI - Prolonged noxious mechanical stimulation of the rat's tail: responses and encoding properties of dorsal horn neurones. AB - 1. Single-unit electrical activity has been recorded from dorsal horn neurones in the sacral (S1-S2) segments of the spinal cord of barbiturate-anaesthetized rats. Fifty-two neurones responding to a manually applied pinch of their receptive fields in the tail were selected. They were subsequently tested for their responses to four successive 2 min pinches at noxious intensities delivered by a feed-back-controlled mechanical device. 2. Neurones were tested with both innocuous (i.e. brushing and stroking) and noxious (i.e. pinching, pin-prick, and in some cases heating about 45 degrees C) stimulation of their cutaneous receptive fields. Three of the tested cells were driven exclusively by innocuous skin stimulation (mechanoreceptive or class 1), thirty-six were driven by both innocuous and noxious skin stimulation (multireceptive or class 2) and thirteen were driven exclusively by noxious skin stimulation (nocireceptive or class 3). 3. All of the multireceptive and nocireceptive neurones responded to the 2 min noxious pinch with an initial phasic discharge followed by sustained firing that showed little evidence of adaptation throughout the stimulus period. The three mechanoreceptive neurones responded to the 2 min noxious pinch with a short discharge at the stimulus onset, but were silent for the remainder of the stimulus period. 4. Thirty-one cells were tested with successive 2 min pinches of 4, 6 and 8 N (and in some cases, a further 4 N pinch) applied at 10 min intervals. Different encoding properties were observed during the sustained part of the neuronal response according to: (i) the afferent fibre input characteristics of the cell; (ii) whether or not the tail had received a test series of pinches earlier in the same experiment. 5. None of the multireceptive cells with only an A-fibre afferent input encoded the stimulus strength. However, the multireceptive cells with both an A- and a C-fibre afferent input and all nocireceptive cells did encode the stimulus strength, providing that no previous noxious test stimuli had been applied to the tail. The encoding nocireceptive neurones had in general a steeper stimulus-response curve than the encoding multireceptive neurones, though the two groups overlapped to some extent. 6. Three encoding cells (two multireceptive and one nocireceptive) were tested with a second series of pinches (4, 6, 8 and 4 N), 40 min subsequent to the initial test series. These cells did not encode this second test series, but were more excitable, producing a greater response to a given test force.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3253437 TI - Inward rectification in submucosal arterioles of guinea-pig ileum. AB - 1. The current-voltage relationships of short segments of submucosal arteriole of guinea-pig have been determined using constant current and voltage clamp techniques. 2. The current-voltage relationships were non-linear over the membrane potential range -60 to -90 mV, the conductance increasing with hyperpolarization. 3. The membrane potential ranges over which the membrane conductance increased were changed by changing the external concentration of potassium ions. 4. Changing the external concentrations of sodium and chloride ions had no effect on the arteriolar current-voltage relationships. 5. The hyperpolarization-activated conductance increase was prevented by low concentrations of barium ions. 6. It is suggested that these arterioles display potassium-selective inward rectification and that the rectifier supplies the dominant resting potassium conductance. The properties of this rectifier are compared with those of other tissues. PMID- 3253438 TI - Inward rectification in rat cerebral arterioles; involvement of potassium ions in autoregulation. AB - 1. The resting membrane potentials of proximal and distal segments of the arterioles which arise from the rat middle cerebral artery were determined. Proximal segments had stable membrane potentials with a mean value of -69 mV. The membrane potentials of distal segments were less negative and often unstable. 2. When the extracellular concentration of potassium ions [( K+]o) was increased proximal segments of arteriole were depolarized whereas distal ones were hyperpolarized. When [K+]o was decreased both proximal and distal segments were depolarized, the changes being more marked in proximal arterioles. 3. The membranes of proximal segments of arteriole displayed inward rectification at potentials near rest; inward rectification in distal segments of arteriole, when detected, was less pronounced. 4. The activation curve for inward rectification in proximal segments of arteriole was changed by changing the extracellular concentration of K+. A reduction in [K+]o caused the activation curve to move to such negative potentials that the inward rectifier no longer contributed to the resting conductance. 5. Increasing [K+]o changed the activation curve for inward rectification in distal segments of arteriole so that more K+ current flowed at potentials near resting. At the same time the membrane potential hyperpolarized. 6. The results are discussed in relation to autoregulatory changes which occur following changes in the K+ concentration of cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 3253439 TI - An analysis of the depolarization produced in guinea-pig hippocampus by cholinergic receptor stimulation. AB - 1. The effects of carbachol on hippocampal pyramidal neurones were studied in tissue slices in vitro with intracellular microelectrodes, employing current clamp and voltage clamp methods. 2. The calcium-dependent potassium current, IAHP, and the voltage-dependent potassium current, IM, were both reversibly blocked by the application of carbachol (5-10 microM). 3. Carbachol (1-10 microM) induced a steady inward current under circumstances in which both IAHP and IM were inactive. This inward current was sometimes difficult to reverse upon carbachol wash-out, an effect possibly related to receptor desensitization. 4. The depolarizing effect of carbachol was reversed by 0.1 microM-atropine, and exhibited an apparent dissociation coefficient of 1.2 microM for carbachol and 18 nM for pirenzepine, indicating that it is mediated by activation of an M1 muscarinic receptor. 5. The depolarizing effect or inward current induced by carbachol was completely blocked by the potassium channel blockers caesium, tetraethylammonium and barium. 6. The slope of the current-voltage (I-V) plots in carbachol was reduced in the majority of cells, and crossed the control I-V plots at a negative membrane potential. The reversal potentials in carbachol shifted in a positive direction when bathing potassium concentration was increased. 7. In a number of cells, the I-V curves in carbachol were parallel to or converged positively with the control I-V curves. 8. The effects of carbachol were compared to those of serotonin, which increases a 'pure' potassium conductance. Serotonin (10 microM) produced an increase in the slope of the I-V curve, with a reversal potential sensitive to changes in bathing potassium concentration. The carbachol reversal potential values were negative to those of serotonin at 5 and 10 mM potassium. The equilibrium potentials for carbachol and serotonin were equal at 25 mM-potassium. 9. The negative values of the reversal potential at 5 and 10 mM potassium and the occurrence of non-crossing I-V characteristics in carbachol could be explained by postulating a second effect of carbachol: namely, a non specific conductance increase in the dendrites. 10. It is concluded that carbachol depolarizes pyramidal cells in the hippocampus by blocking a voltage insensitive potassium leak channel and does so by activating M1 muscarinic receptors. In addition, carbachol may also activate a second conductance in the dendrites, which could account for the anomalous I-V characteristics sometimes seen in response to carbachol in these cells. PMID- 3253440 TI - On the long-latency reflex responses of the human flexor digitorum profundus. AB - 1. Electromyography (surface and intramuscular) has been used to study the reflex responses of the human flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) to angular rotation of the distal interphalangeal joint of the 4th finger. This has been done with the hand in three separate positions which, owing to the arrangement of the various tendons, allow the movement to be transmitted to (a) both the flexor and extensor muscles, (b) FDP alone (extensors disengaged) and (c) neither flexor nor extensor muscles (all muscles disengaged, but cutaneous and joint receptors still potentially activated). The stimuli were applied while the subject was voluntarily contracting FDP to produce a constant level of EMG activity; this remained possible when the muscle was disengaged from the joint. 2. With all muscles connected, FDP behaved similarly to the analogous long flexor of the thumb. 'Stretch' elicited a prolonged complex response starting with a short latency component corresponding to the tendon jerk. Unloading of the contracting muscle caused a pronounced reduction of its on-going EMG activity. The latency of this latter effect was approximately 20 ms greater than that of the initial stretch-evoked response, thereby demonstrating that it was not due to a disfacilitation via the short-latency pathway (on reduction of the tonic spindle afferent firing from FDP as it shortened). 3. With all muscles disengaged, movement of the joint in either direction evoked simply a weak, variable excitatory response, with a latency somewhat greater than that of the normal unloading response. This was attributed to the activation of cutaneous and/or joint receptors. The effectiveness of the disengagement of the flexor was demonstrated by the abolition of its normal stretch-evoked short-latency response. 4. With the flexor engaged and the extensors disengaged both stretch and release evoked their normal types of response. In control experiments, surface EMG recordings from the interosseus muscles confirmed that the procedure used for extensor disconnection was effective. These findings exclude the possibility that the reduction of EMG activity of the unloading response of FDP might be attributable to an inhibition evoked by the concomitant stretch of its antagonists. 5. The long-latency unloading response (whether with the extensors engaged or disengaged) remained when the sensory receptors in the finger itself were inactivated, confirming that these were not responsible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3253442 TI - Dose-response effects of pressor doses of arginine vasopressin on renal haemodynamics in the rat. AB - 1. Dose-response effects of arginine vasopressin on renal haemodynamics were studied in conscious and in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats infused with 77 mM NaCl at 5.2 and 2.6 ml h-1 respectively. 2. Vasopressin at 0.8 pmol h-1 (100 g body weight)-1 did not have a significant effect on arterial blood pressure in conscious or anaesthetized rats. Increasing the dose to 2.5 pmol h-1 (100 g body weight)-1 induced a pressor effect in conscious rats but not in anaesthetized rats. A pressor response was observed in the latter at a dose of 10 pmol h-1 (100 g body weight)-1. 3. Pressor doses of vasopressin of 100 pmol h-1 (100 g body weight)-1 and less did not significantly alter the clearance of p-aminohippurate (PAH) in either conscious or anaesthetized rats. A dose of 1000 pmol h-1 (100 g body weight)-1 significantly decreased PAH clearance in both conscious and anaesthetized animals. 4. Inulin clearance was unchanged by non-pressor doses of vasopressin in both conscious and anaesthetized rats. Moderately pressor doses decreased inulin clearance in conscious animals only. The highest dose administered (1000 pmol h-1 (100 g body weight)-1) decreased inulin clearance in both conscious and anaesthetized rats. 5. Pressor doses of vasopressin had a biphasic effect on the filtration fraction in conscious rats. The filtration fraction decreased with doses of vasopressin at the lower end of the pressor range but increased with the highest dose of 1000 pmol h-1 (100 g body weight)-1. In contrast the filtration fraction did not change significantly with moderate pressor doses in anaesthetized rats but was increased by doses of 100 and 1000 pmol h-1 (100 g body weight)-1. 6. It is concluded that pressor doses of vasopressin lower than 100 pmol h-1 (100 g body weight)-1 do not decrease renal plasma flow rate in conscious or pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats. The results suggest that the inconsistent effects of vasopressin on renal blood flow reported in the literature are due, at least in part, to the wide range of doses used. PMID- 3253441 TI - Effect of acetylstrophanthidin on twitches, microscopic tension fluctuations and cooling contractures in rabbit ventricle. AB - 1. We have measured the effect of the aglycone acetylstrophanthidin (ACS) on twitches, cooling contractures and microscopic tension fluctuations in rabbit ventricular muscle. 2. Both developed twitches and cooling contractures are strengthened by applications of ACS in the range 1-4 microM. This positive inotropy averages 150-160% of control (zero ACS) in both twitches and cooling contractures. Cooling contracture magnitude is assumed to reflect the availability of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ for contraction (Bridge, 1986). We infer that ACS increases the availability of SR Ca2+ by enlarging SR Ca2+ stores and this may contribute to the positive inotropy. 3. However, twitches appear to increase at lower concentrations of ACS than those required to increase cooling contractures. This observation suggests that the initial ACS inotropy may be achieved without an increase in SR Ca2+. Furthermore, low doses of ACS produce positive inotropy in the presence of 10.0 mM-caffeine where cooling contractures are abolished. This also suggests that positive inotropy occurs in the absence of SR Ca2+ accumulation. 4. Rest decay of both cooling contractures and twitches is significantly slowed in 4 and 8 microM-ACS. We infer that ACS slows the rate of decline of SR Ca2+ available for contraction by slowing the rate at which Ca2+ is lost from the cell during rest. This suggests that ACS produces a net slowing of Ca2+ efflux during activity which in the absence of altered Ca2+ influx will result in net Ca2+ gain and presumably enlarged SR Ca2+ stores. 5. Increasing the concentration of ACS (6-10 microM) results in a decline in developed twitch tension, total tension and an increase in rest tension. Measurement of microscopic tension fluctuations indicates that as developed twitches decline, the root mean square (r.m.s.) of the tension fluctuations increases in a reciprocal manner. This supports the suggestion of others that the decline in developed twitch tension and the appearance of tension fluctuations are causally related. 6. Although ACS (6-10 microM) causes a decline in twitch tension, rapid cooling contractures remain elevated. We suggest that in the presence of Ca2+ oscillations the magnitude of cooling contractures reflects the sum of cytosolic Ca2+ and Ca2+ that is available for release. If microscopic tension fluctuations do represent Ca2+ moving between the SR and cytosol the sum of SR and cytosolic Ca2+ and hence cooling contracture might not decline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3253443 TI - Visual adaptation is highly localized in the cat's retina. AB - 1. The aim of this study was to determine how the spatial pattern of steady light in a visual stimulus affects the state of adaptation of the retina. 2. Impulse rate was recorded from single X and Y ganglion cells in the cat's retina. The luminance of a narrow bar of light centred over the receptive field was modulated sinusoidally in time about a steady background, and a cell's contrast gain was measured as the ratio of impulse rate modulation to bar contrast. 3. The contrast gain of a cell was set by the background, a fixed luminance level about which luminance varied in the form of a grating; grating luminance varied sinusoidally with distance but did not vary in time. When the spatial frequency of the grating was low, contrast gain was increased by a grating with a trough centred over the receptive field, and decreased by a peak-centred grating. 4. As the spatial frequency of the grating increased, its effect on contrast gain disappeared. For cells around 10 deg from the central area, this change occurred at spatial frequencies close to 1 cycle deg-1. 5. For each cell the effect on contrast gain of the background's spatial frequency was compared with the spatial frequency response to a time-varying grating. It was found that the summation area for adapting light in both X and Y cells is very close in size to an X cell centre mechanism, and that the summation area for adapting light in Y cells is therefore considerably smaller than a Y cell centre. 6. From this and other evidence it was shown that sub-areas of the Y cell centre mechanism can be independently adapted. 7. A background grating with a trough centred over the receptive field raised contrast gain more at mid-range spatial frequencies than at low frequencies, producing a hump in the contrast gain versus frequency curve. A peak-centred grating reduced contrast gain more at mid-range frequencies than at low, producing a dip. 8. The dip in the contrast gain versus frequency curve for a peak-centred grating was always greater than the hump for a trough-centred grating. 9. These humps and dips were interpreted in terms of a model containing two antagonistic pathways. One pathway had a smaller summation area for adapting light than the other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3253444 TI - The negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine on ferret ventricular myocardium. AB - 1. The effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on developed tension and intracellular Ca2+ concentration (as measured with aequorin) were studied in ferret papillary muscles, and on twitch shortening, the action potential and membrane currents in ferret ventricular myocytes. 2. Addition of ACh to ferret papillary muscles resulted in decreases in developed tension and the intracellular Ca2+ transient, both of which then partially recovered in the continued presence of ACh ('fade' of the response). On wash-off of ACh both developed tension and the intracellular Ca2+ transient increased above control ('rebound') before returning to control values. 3. Addition of ACh to ferret ventricular myocytes resulted in a membrane hyperpolarization of 2 +/- 0.5 mV (mean +/- S.E.M.; n = 9), a decrease in action potential duration to 23 +/- 6% of control and a decrease in twitch shortening to 31 +/- 5% of control. In the continued presence of ACh these responses to ACh faded. Thirty seconds after the maximal effect of ACh, action potential duration had partially recovered to 34 +/- 6% of control and twitch shortening to 46 +/- 7% of control. 4. The effects of ACh on twitch shortening could be mimicked under voltage clamp by varying voltage clamp pulse duration to simulate the ACh-induced changes in action potential duration. 5. When ACh was applied during a train of voltage clamp pulses of constant duration, 81% of the cells showed less than a 20% decrease in Ca2+ current and twitch shortening. However in 19% of the cells twitch shortening and the apparent Ca2+ current decreased by more than 30%. 6. In the 81% of cells, the normal decrease in twitch shortening was wholly the result of the shortening of the action potential. This in turn was the result of an increase in an outward background current which increased the rate of repolarization during the action potential. The ACh-induced background current reversed at -89 +/- 2 mV and showed inward-going rectification; these properties suggest that it was carried by K+. 7. In the 19% of cells, the normal decrease in twitch shortening was only partly the result of the shortening of the action potential (due to both the increase in outward background current as well as the apparent decrease in Ca2+ current). In these cells the decrease in twitch shortening may also have been partly the direct result of the apparent decrease of Ca2+ current. PMID- 3253445 TI - Activation of feline spinal neurones by potentiated ventricular contractions and other mechanical cardiac stimuli. AB - 1. Neurones in the spinal cord were tested for responses to premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), produced by controlled electrical extra stimuli, and other mechanical stimuli applied to the heart. Thirty-eight neurones were antidromically activated from the medial medullary reticular formation and/or the caudal thalamus, and twenty-four neurones did not project to these sites. 2. Only those neurones excited by electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion were tested for responses to PVCs. A total of twenty neurones (32%) responded to electrically induced PVCs. Three major patterns of responses occurred. Three neurones exhibited an early burst and a late burst (or bursts) during the arrhythmia, one neurone fired only an early burst, and sixteen neurones responded with only a late burst. The early bursts occurred shortly after the onset of the compensatory pause accompanying the PVC; the late bursts were usually associated with the subsequent potentiated contraction, although the stimulus eliciting the burst must often have occurred late in the compensatory pause. 3. Responses to PVCs were only seen in neurones receiving C fibre and A delta fibre input. However, there were some neurones with both A delta and C input that did not respond to PVCs. No neurones with only A delta input responded to PVCs. 4. Neurones projecting to thalamus were less likely to respond to PVCs than either spinoreticular neurones or neurones with unidentified projections. 5. Neurones responsive to PVCs were likely to exhibit a cardiac rhythmicity in their spontaneous or evoked activity. 6. A total of 42% of tested neurones responded to a rapid infusion of saline into the heart, 52% had a cardiac receptive field, and 74% responded to aortic occlusion. A given neurone might respond to one or more of these stimuli, without responding to every mechanical stimulus tested. 7. Cervical vagotomy never abolished a response to PVCs, although either the spontaneous discharge rate or magnitude of response was sometimes altered. 8. Neurones responsive to PVCs were also responsive to intracardiac bradykinin. In addition, 95% of the neurones received convergent somatic input. 9. We conclude that about a third of spinal neurones excited by electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion receive information regarding mechanical, presumably innocuous, events in the heart. Most responsive neurones also receive somatic input and noxious cardiac input, and this information is transmitted to the thalamus, reticular formation, and probably to other spinal segments. PMID- 3253446 TI - Gastric relaxation and vasoactive intestinal peptide output in response to reflex vagal stimulation in the dog. AB - 1. Gastric relaxation, vasodilatation and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) output from the stomach in response to stimulation of the central end of the cut vagus nerve were studied in anaesthetized dogs. 2. Central vagal stimulation (10 Hz, 40 V, 0.5 ms) normally produced a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) gastric relaxation via a vago-vagal reflex. It also caused an increase followed by a decrease in gastric blood flow. 3. The increase in blood flow was attributable to a NANC gastric vasodilatation via a vago-vagal reflex and the subsequent reduction in blood flow was decreased by splanchinicotomy. All these gastric and vascular responses were abolished by hexamethonium. 4. The gastric relaxation and vasodilatation induced by the vago-vagal reflex had similar stimulation frequency-response and pulse duration-response relations. 5. Central vagal stimulation caused an increase in gastric venous VIP output which was abolished by vagotomy or hexamethonium but unaffected by splanchnicotomy. 6. VIP injected into the gastric artery mimicked the gastric relaxant and vasodilator responses to the vago-vagal reflex. 7. We conclude that the intramural NANC inhibitory nerves activated by the vago-vagal reflex release VIP which causes both gastric relaxation and vasodilatation. PMID- 3253448 TI - STM imaging of molecular collagen and phospholipid membranes. AB - The application of STM to biological materials has been limited by poor conductivity, sample geometry and stability of biological materials. In this paper we describe an STM study of the monomeric helical forms of collagen, a stable, conductive and widely prevalent structural protein. We have also used STM to image artificial Langmuir DPE (dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine) phospholipid membranes. Both molecular collagen and the phospholipid membranes were dried in air on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Our STM images of collagen dried on HOPG reveal strands 15 A in diameter with a periodicity of about 30 A which correlates with that known to occur in collagen. Spikes which periodically protrude from strands in our STM images of collagen appear to represent pyrrolidine ring structures in the amino acids proline and hydroxyproline. Thus, we report the first STM imaging of native biomolecules revealing intramolecular details and what appear to be specific amino acids. STM imaging of phospholipid membranes show a lattice pattern with densities spaced approximately 4.5 A apart. These are thought to represent individual phospholipid molecules in an artificial membrane formed on the HOPG. We believe STM and its related technologies will have great future utility in biomolecular studies. PMID- 3253447 TI - Contractile properties of skeletal muscles from young, adult and aged mice. AB - 1. Comparisons were made in vitro at 25 degrees C among soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from young (2-3 months), adult (9-10 months), and aged (26-27 months) male mice. We tested the hypotheses that, compared with soleus and EDL muscles of young and adult mice, those from aged mice develop decreased maximum tetanic force (P0, mN) and specific P0 (N/cm2), and that no significant differences occur for contraction time, half-relaxation time, or force-velocity relationship. 2. For the aged mice, the P0 of the soleus muscles and EDL muscles were 78 and 73% respectively of the values for adult mice. The specific P0 of EDL muscles of aged mice was 78% of the value of 23 N/cm2 obtained for young and adult mice. For soleus muscles, the specific P0 of 21 N/cm2 did not change with age. 3. Compared to values for young and adult mice, the contraction and half-relaxation times of soleus muscles from aged mice were increased, but the overall force-velocity relationships of soleus and EDL muscles did not change. The pooled values for the maximum velocity of unloaded shortening extrapolated from the force-velocity relationship of soleus and EDL muscles were 4.6 and 10.1 fibre lengths/s, respectively. 4. The decrease in the specific P0 of the EDL muscle with ageing must result from either a decrease in the number of cross-bridges in the driving stroke or a decrease in the force developed by each cross-bridge. PMID- 3253449 TI - [Bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 3253450 TI - [Disorders of pulmonary function in patients with primary or embolic pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3253451 TI - [Effect of a single dose of nifedipine on hemodynamic parameters of pulmonary circulation and left-ventricular function in patients with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3253452 TI - [Effect of beta-pyridylcarbinol on pulmonary arterial pressure and various indicators of the blood coagulation system in patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3253453 TI - [Clinical course and prognosis in patients with acute disorders of intraventricular conduction in recent myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3253454 TI - [Value of cardiac stimulation in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia of the torsade de pointes type]. PMID- 3253455 TI - [Value of the Holter method of estimating sinoatrial conduction time in the diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 3253457 TI - [Psychological characteristics of patients with heart defects referred for cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3253456 TI - [Effect of physical exertion on the transvalvular pressure gradient measured by Doppler echocardiography in patients with implanted mitral valve prosthesis]. PMID- 3253458 TI - [The science of arrhythmia]. PMID- 3253459 TI - [Effect of atrial stimulation on sinoatrial automatism and sinoatrial conduction evaluated by ECG examination of the sinoatrial node in humans]. PMID- 3253460 TI - [Transesophageal cardiac stimulation: properties of esophageal electrodes with ring and point-direction poles. I]. PMID- 3253461 TI - [Transesophageal cardiac stimulation: A method of diagnostic stimulation of the heart ventricles. II]. PMID- 3253462 TI - [Effect of aging on the efficiency of autonomic mechanisms regulating the heart rate]. PMID- 3253463 TI - [Value of transesophageal stimulation in the diagnosis of paroxysmal nodal tachycardia]. PMID- 3253464 TI - [Long-term follow-up of patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome treated on the basis of clinical symptoms and the results of initial electrophysiological examination]. PMID- 3253466 TI - [Inhibition of QRS-guided pacemakers of the VVI type by skeletal muscle potentials]. PMID- 3253465 TI - [Microvolt potentials in patients with arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle]. PMID- 3253467 TI - [Permanent transvenous cardiac pacing in children and adolescents. Personal experience]. PMID- 3253468 TI - [Our experience with using programmable pacemakers for atrial (AAI) and right ventricular (VVI) stimulation]. PMID- 3253469 TI - Electron microscopic observations of ciliated epithelium of mouse trachea treated in vitro with a membrane-damaging factor from Bordetella bronchiseptica. PMID- 3253470 TI - Morphological changes of human thyroid medullary carcinoma cell line treated with calcium channel antagonist nifedipine. PMID- 3253471 TI - Studies on photodynamic action of chlorophyl derivatives--phototoxicity of pheophorbide-A on rats. PMID- 3253472 TI - Determination of serum creatinine by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3253473 TI - [Use of Raman spectroscopy for studying lens opacities in clinical practice]. PMID- 3253474 TI - [Binocular vision in persons with artificial intraocular lenses]. PMID- 3253475 TI - [Glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. VI. Biochemical changes in peripheral blood]. PMID- 3253476 TI - [Visual function and vocational rehabilitation of persons with congenital glaucoma. II. Function of the visual system]. PMID- 3253477 TI - [Visual function and vocational rehabilitation of persons with congenital glaucoma. III. Results of surgical treatment]. PMID- 3253478 TI - [Ophthalmomyasis interna in a 5-year-old girl]. PMID- 3253479 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of drusen of the optic disk in our experience]. PMID- 3253480 TI - [Intraoperative prevention of metastases during enucleation of the eye with malignant tumor of the choroid]. PMID- 3253481 TI - [Laser trabeculoplasty in the treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 3253482 TI - Hypoglycemic activity of Artemisia herba alba. AB - Artemisia herba alba has been widely used in Iraqi folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of an aqueous extract (0.39 g/kg) of the aerial parts of this plant to normoglycemic and to alloxan-diabetic rabbits produced significant hypoglycemic activity, which was consistent and time dependent. PMID- 3253483 TI - The zoapatle. XV. Activity of 16 alpha-hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid isolated from Montanoa hibiscifolia, and its methyl ester on rat and guinea pig uterus. AB - 16 alpha-Hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid was isolated from Montanoa hibiscifolia. The effects of this acid and its methyl ester on the contractile activity of rat and guinea pig uterine horns were studied. Both inhibited spontaneous, oxytocin induced and potassium-induced contractile activities. The inhibitory effect produced by the methyl ester was greater than that observed with the acid. The methyl ester was 2-5 times more potent than the acid upon spontaneous and potassium-induced contractions and 11-15 times more potent than the acid upon the contractile activity of uterine smooth muscle induced by oxytocin. Such effects were observed using bath concentrations of 6, 15, 30 and 60 microM of each compound. PMID- 3253484 TI - Immunomodulation by a unicellular green algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) in tumor bearing mice. AB - A unicellular algae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, was used as a biological response modifier. In C57BL/6(B6), C3H/He and DDD/1 mice, both intraperitoneal or oral administrations of autoclaved Chlorella cells or heat-extracted substance were carried out every other day for 10 days before mouse mammary carcinoma (MM-2) or Ehrlich ascites cells were transplanted into the peritoneal cavity. In case of mouse leukemia cells (EL-4), subcutaneous transplantation was carried out. All control mice died within 20 days after each tumor cell transplantation, while 73.3-80% of the treated groups survived over 60 days in the combination of MM-2 vs. C3H/He and EL-4 vs. B6, respectively. The cytotoxic activities against tumor cells, that were abolished by treatment with anti-Thyl.2 monoclonal antibody plus complement, were evidenced in the experimental host. Since Chlorella cells and derivatives showed no indication of direct in vitro cytotoxicity to either tumor or mouse spleen cells, the antitumor effects documented may be mediated by host immune response. PMID- 3253485 TI - Chromatographic analysis of polyphenols of some Iberian Thymus. AB - A comparative chromatographic analysis of polyphenols of some Iberian Thymus species of the sections Pseudothymbra, Thymus and Serpyllum was carried out by means of HPLC and TLC, in order to investigate their pharmacological interest. The purified leaf extracts were analysed and compared with authentic samples of 15 flavones, one flavonol, four flavanones, two dihydroflavonols, and caffeic and rosmarinic acids. The taxa belonging to the section Pseudothymbra and some of those in the section Thymus showed the highest content of methoxylated flavonoids, which are known to have antispasmodic properties. PMID- 3253486 TI - Convulsive action of (25S)-isosolafloridine isolated from Solanum pseudo-quina bark. AB - The crude ethanolic extract prepared from the stem bark of Solanum pseudo-quina produced excitatory effects dominated by convulsions in rats and mice. Solvent extraction followed by alumina column chromatography resulted in the isolation of a pharmacologically active material (AP) which was identified to be (25S) isosolafloridine. The convulsions produced by AP were predominantly clonic and invariably preceded by generalized fine and coarse tremors. This convulsive behaviour did not entirely resemble the convulsions produced by strychnine, pentylenetetrazol, bicuculline, picrotoxin or 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The tremor and convulsions were only slightly affected by drugs interfering with cholinergic, catecholaminergic, serotoninergic or encephalinergic neurotransmission. Only diazepam and particularly gamma-vinyl-GABA blocked AP induced effects. After section of the spinal cord at a mid-theoretic level, AP produced convulsions only in the anterior part of the body. After intracerebroventricular administration, AP produced only sedation. A depressive effect was also observed on the blood pressure of conscious rats before and after the convulsions. In subconvulsive doses AP enhanced spontaneous motor activity in mice. PMID- 3253488 TI - Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Paraguayan Myrtaceae. AB - Nineteen Myrtaceae collections belonging to 15 species, 12 of which are used in Paraguayan folk medicine, were assayed for inhibitory activity towards the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Most leaf and stem extracts were active showing IC50 values ranging from 3.0 to 50 micrograms/ml. The reported activities support existing ethnobotanical data concerning their use for the treatment of gout. PMID- 3253487 TI - Effects of sophoramine, an alkaloid from Sophora alopecuroides on isolated dog blood vessels. AB - In helical strips of dog mesenteric, coronary and cerebral arteries and mesenteric veins contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha, sophoramine (10(-4) and 10(-3) M) produced a concentration-related relaxation, which was not influenced by treatment with indomethacin, atropine, aminophylline, propranolol, metoprolol, cimetidine, ouabain and methylene blue, and also not by removal of endothelium. Relaxations induced by sophoramine did not differ in strips of proximal and distal coronary arteries. Contractile responses to transmural stimulation in mesenteric arteries and veins were potentiated by treatment with sophoramine (10( 4) M). Treatment with cocaine, indomethacin, propranolol and saralasin did not alter the potentiating effect of sophoramine, whereas yohimbine, an alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist, attenuated it. Sophoramine did not significantly affect the contractile response to norepinephrine in mesenteric arteries and veins and the response to phenylephrine and clonidine in mesenteric veins. Sophoramine appears to non-specifically dilate dog arteries and veins and to facilitate the release of transmitter norepinephrine from adrenergic nerves via a mechanism of action on the prejunctional site sensitive to yohimbine. PMID- 3253489 TI - Ocimum sanctum--a preliminary study evaluating its immunoregulatory profile in albino rats. AB - A methanol extract and an aqueous suspension of Ocimum sanctum leaves were investigated for their immunoregulatory profile to antigenic challenge of Salmonella typhosa and sheep erythrocytes by quantifying agglutinating antibodies employing the Widal agglutination and sheep erythrocyte agglutination tests and E rosette formation in albino rats. The data of the study indicate an immunostimulation of humoral immunologic response as represented by an increase in antibody titre in both the Widal and sheep erythrocyte agglutination tests as well as by the cellular immunologic response represented by E-rosette formation and lymphocytosis. The results of the study indicate an immunostimulant capability for Ocimum sanctum which may be contributory in explaining the adaptogenic action of the plant. PMID- 3253490 TI - A comparative trial of garlic, its extract and ammonium-potassium tartrate as anthelmintics in carp. AB - While fish chemotherapy is not a common practice in Mexico, folk medicine is usually well accepted by fish farmers. Empirical knowledge suggested that garlic should have anthelmintic properties. Various trials were carried out in Cyprinus carpio infested with Capillaria sp., using minced garlic and its extracts. An empirical concentration of 200 mg/l of minced garlic showed the greatest activity against the above mentioned worms (100%). The hexane extract in equivalent amounts showed a 75% effectiveness while the aqueous extract showed no anthelmintic effect. The addition of ammonium-potassium tartrate to the tanks (1.5 mg/l) gave a 86% anthelmintic effectiveness. PMID- 3253491 TI - Screening in mice of some medicinal plants used for analgesic purposes in the state of Sao Paulo. AB - Twelve medicinal plants used popularly for their reputed analgesic properties were tested in mice by the writhing and tail-flick methods. All extractions were made using 50% aqueous ethanol at low temperatures. The oral dose administered was always 1 g solids/kg. While several extracts showed a positive effect in one of the tests, significant effects in both tests were produced by Serjania communis only. Morphine and acetylsalicylic acid were used as reference drugs. PMID- 3253492 TI - The vascular action of aqueous extracts of Foeniculum vulgare leaves. AB - The vascular effects of aqueous extracts of Foeniculum vulgare leaves were tested using pentobarbital-anaesthetised rats. An intravenous administration of the lyophilized boiled water extract of leaves produced a significant dose-related reduction in arterial blood pressure, without affecting the heart rate or respiratory rate. In contrast the non-boiled aqueous extract showed very little hypotensive activity. The hypotensive effect of the boiling water extract appeared not to be mediated via adrenergic, muscarinic, ganglionic or serotonergic receptors; however, histamine antagonists inhibited the hypotensive effect in a dose-related manner. PMID- 3253493 TI - Effects on mice locomotor activity of a narcotic-like principle from Psidium guajava leaves. AB - Studies were carried out on the suppression of both exploratory and spontaneous locomotor activities in the mouse by a non-polar fraction from a methanol extract of the dried leaves of Psidium guajava. Shortly after intraperitoneal administration of this fraction, typical narcotic-like effects were observed, including catalepsy, analgesia, Straub tail, shallow respiratory movements and exophthalmos. The dose for 90% suppression of exploratory activity was between 3.3 and 6.6 mg/kg intraperitoneally and the onset of action was 6-8 min. The duration of activity was dose-dependent and, for a dose of 13.2 mg/kg given intraperitoneally, it was found to be more than 6 h. Qualitatively similar results on exploratory activity were obtained when the extract was administered orally. Doses of 3.3-6.6 mg/kg i.p. depressed spontaneous locomotor activity and tunnel running was curtailed. Higher doses abolished the spontaneous locomotor reflex action. A flavonoid compound or compounds appear to account for the activity seen. PMID- 3253494 TI - Wheat rootlet growth inhibition test of Rwandese medicinal plants: active principles of Tetradenia riparia and Diplolophium africanum. AB - A series of 50 medicinal plants of Rwanda (121 plant samples) has been screened for wheat rootlets inhibition activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the active principle of Tetradenia riparia, i.e. 8(14),15 sandaracopimaradiene-7 alpha, 18-diol (7.81 micrograms/ml), and of the active principle of Diplolophium africanum, i.e. scoparone (62.5 micrograms/ml), in this test was determined. PMID- 3253495 TI - Effects of Abana, an Ayurvedic preparation, on rabbit atrium and intestine. AB - The effects of Abana, an Ayurvedic remedy, administered orally to rabbits was studied for its effects on isolated atria and intestine. Administration of Abana for 3 days increased the basal amplitude and reduced the responses of atria to isoprenaline and norepinephrine. Combined treatment with Abana and isoprenaline reduced this effect. It is possible that Abana treatment for 3 days has an action similar to that of chronic administration of isoprenaline (down regulation of beta receptors). A similar down regulation of beta receptors of smooth muscle of rabbit intestine also seems to occur. Abana pretreatment potentiated the inotropic responses of histamine and CaCl2. These effects may be due to a specific depressant effect of Abana on the adrenergic receptors and a direct sensitization of the atrium manifested by an increased response to CaCl2. PMID- 3253496 TI - Eugenia uniflora leaf extract and lipid metabolism in Cebus apella monkeys. PMID- 3253497 TI - [Active antihelminitic alkaloids: active in vitro against Leishmanic Tropica the protozoa involved in leishmaniasis]. AB - Leishmaniasis caused by protozoan Leishmania ssp., is an endemic parasitic disease in Central and South America. The chemotherapeutic agents against Leishmania ssp. (pentavalent antimony compounds, pentamidine and amphothericine B) are toxic and expensive products. Basing on the Bolivian folk medicine, we tried to find new active principles. Fourteen isoquinoline alkaloids, especially bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids extracted from Annonaceae, Berberidaceae, Hernandiaceae and Menispermaceae, demonstrate highly effective activity against this protozoan. Among them gyrocarpine, daphnandrine and obaberine seem to be of particular interest. The therapeutic effect was studied by biological assays on culture forms in vitro three strains of Leishmania, L. donovani, L. braziliensis (cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis), L. mexicana amazonensis (cutaneous) and L. donovani (visceral leishmaniasis). PMID- 3253498 TI - RNA editing--a novel RNA processing phenomenon in trypanosome mitochondria. PMID- 3253499 TI - A summary of the molecular biology of antigenic variation in African trypanosomes. PMID- 3253500 TI - Calcium as a possible second messenger of external signals in Leishmania donovani. PMID- 3253501 TI - [The pharmaceutical industry in Brazil]. PMID- 3253502 TI - Naturally-occurring gene amplifications conferring drug resistance in Leishmania tarentolae. PMID- 3253503 TI - Immunoregulation in American visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 3253504 TI - Leishmanicidal activity of amino acid and peptide esters: an update. PMID- 3253505 TI - One approach to assess the liver responses in murine listeriosis and visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 3253506 TI - Identification and purification of a 72 kDa antigen of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis present on the surface and in the cytoplasm of the promastigotes and its specific recognition by sera from mucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients. PMID- 3253507 TI - Leishmania and sand flies. PMID- 3253508 TI - Diagnosis of parasitic diseases. PMID- 3253509 TI - Development of monoclonal antibodies to assay for circulating antigen in visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 3253510 TI - Human malaria: evaluation of serological tests in seroepidemiological surveys, individual diagnosis and for blood banks screening. PMID- 3253511 TI - Animal reservoirs of Leishmania in different ecological situations and their importance in the epidemiology of the disease. PMID- 3253513 TI - Sexually-transmitted amoebiasis: epidemiology and serodiagnosis. PMID- 3253512 TI - [Biological cycle of Phytomonas]. PMID- 3253514 TI - Analysis of the ultrastructure of the platelets during the process of aggregation, with emphasis in the cytoskeleton and membranous changes. PMID- 3253515 TI - The presence of lymphocytes in a toxically induced demyelinating process of the central nervous system. PMID- 3253516 TI - Fine structure of macrophages in the testicular interstitial tissue of the white belly opossum Didelphis albiventris. PMID- 3253517 TI - The blood-testis barrier in lizards during the annual spermatogenic cycle. PMID- 3253518 TI - [Endoscopic aspects of external genital endometriosis]. PMID- 3253519 TI - [Results of screening for the early detection of cancer of the uterine cervix in Subotica]. PMID- 3253521 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum--case report]. PMID- 3253520 TI - [Prophylactic use of antibiotics in gynecologic-obstetrical surgery--why, when and how]. PMID- 3253522 TI - [The "Child Day Care" as a modern social institution]. PMID- 3253523 TI - [Anemia in the population of north Backa]. PMID- 3253524 TI - [Early prognosis and therapy of Bell's paralysis]. PMID- 3253525 TI - [Evaluation of the psychological development of first-graders within the framework of systematic screening]. PMID- 3253526 TI - [Results in the treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome with corticosteroids]. PMID- 3253527 TI - [The effect of clefts of the lips and the hard and soft palate on the otolaryngologic organs in patients treated in the area of north Backa]. PMID- 3253528 TI - [An epidemic of measles in Subotica from January to June 1987]. PMID- 3253529 TI - [Epilepsy in severely mentally retarded children]. PMID- 3253530 TI - [Dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3253531 TI - [Power-spectral analysis of the EMG of the masticatory muscles during tooth tapping, gum-chewing and clenching]. PMID- 3253532 TI - [Clinical study on chewing movement in anterior disk displacement with reduction]. PMID- 3253533 TI - [The effects of bioactive glass on the immunological functions of lymphocytes]. PMID- 3253534 TI - [Effects of experimental stress on the stomatognathic function. Variability of the time parameters of EMG during tapping movement response on the Mirror Drawing Test]. PMID- 3253535 TI - [Visible light-curing type relining material. Relation between viscosity and physical properties after polymerization]. PMID- 3253536 TI - [Ion-coating surface treatment of dental alloys for adhesion. Part 1. Effect of Cu target on precious alloys]. PMID- 3253537 TI - [Evaluation of "Periotest" for prosthetic clinical application]. PMID- 3253538 TI - [The effects of the general factors to the stomatognathic function (Part 1)]. PMID- 3253539 TI - [Solubility of luting cements in organic acids]. PMID- 3253540 TI - [Oral sensation in patients with implant denture. Part 1. Tactile sensibility of endosseous implants]. PMID- 3253541 TI - [Studies on early adherence of oral bacteria on various denture base materials in vivo]. PMID- 3253542 TI - [Basic study on laser welding of Ag-Pd-Cu-Au alloy. Part 3. Factors on mechanical properties]. PMID- 3253543 TI - [Reexamination of the precision during articular handling. Part 3. Anteroposterior displacement]. PMID- 3253544 TI - [Application of EMG biofeedback to patients with mandibular dysfunction. Part 2. Validity of frontal EMG biofeedback]. PMID- 3253545 TI - [Polymerization reaction of heat curing type thermo-setting resin for crown and bridge]. PMID- 3253546 TI - [Estimating vibration transmission characteristics in tooth roots using a method of frequency analysis]. PMID- 3253547 TI - [The study on activity of masticatory muscle in various maxillomandibular relations characterized by muscle stiffness]. PMID- 3253548 TI - [Statistical observation of the patients with stomatognathic dysfunction. The real state of an aged person]. PMID- 3253549 TI - [Evaluation of tooth supporting structure function by using its step response]. PMID- 3253550 TI - [A case report of the prosthetic treatment of the patient with diffused gingival hyperplasia]. PMID- 3253551 TI - [Morphological observation of neutral zone by use of computer graphics. Method of observation]. PMID- 3253552 TI - [Tooth carving methods. Part II. Effect of guidance manual and demonstration]. PMID- 3253553 TI - [The influence of muscle fatigue on masseteric silent period]. PMID- 3253554 TI - [Prognostic observation on the prosthesis using adhesive resin]. PMID- 3253556 TI - [Regulation of jaw tapping movement in loading an acoustic repetitive command signal]. PMID- 3253555 TI - [A case of mandibular dysfunction recovered by EMG-biofeedback therapy]. PMID- 3253558 TI - [Kinesiological and electromyographical study on masticatory movement. I-3. The changes in the jaw position corresponding to the muscular discharge activities of masticatory muscles during the process of mastication]. PMID- 3253557 TI - [How to distinguish the side on which TMJ noise occurs]. PMID- 3253559 TI - [Kinesiological and electromyographical studies on masticatory movement. II-3. On masticatory movement phase and duration of muscular discharge in subjects with semi-group functioned occlusion]. PMID- 3253560 TI - [Fundamental study in measurement of gingival color. Measurement apparatus and conditions of measurements]. PMID- 3253561 TI - [Lip and jaw movements during speech measured by high speed video system]. PMID- 3253562 TI - [Microflora in patients treated with fixed prosthetic appliances. Supragingival plaque formed on the full cast crown fabricated with platinum gold cast alloy]. PMID- 3253563 TI - [A study on the causative mechanism of occlusal interference on the balancing side]. PMID- 3253564 TI - [Studies on 24R, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binding protein in albino rabbit dental pulp]. PMID- 3253565 TI - [Evaluation of the treatment results of pseudo Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition]. PMID- 3253566 TI - [On the tissue continuity between the fissure and the fissure contents]. PMID- 3253567 TI - [Backscattered electron image of rat incisor dentin]. PMID- 3253568 TI - [Electron probe X-ray microanalysis and laser microprobe mass analysis of Sorex pigmented enamel]. PMID- 3253569 TI - [Application of the polyaramide fiber to denture base. (Part II) Affection of surface treatment and incorporation of fibers to reinforce P.M.M.A. resin]. PMID- 3253570 TI - [Study for improvement of oral health among the elderly. Oral condition and awareness]. PMID- 3253571 TI - [Sexual difference in dental caries susceptibility to Streptococcus mutans]. PMID- 3253572 TI - [Effects of different orthodontic forces on the dentin calcification in rat incisors]. PMID- 3253573 TI - [Specific gravity distribution of powdered human enamel]. PMID- 3253574 TI - [Diagnostic examination on spectrum of masticatory movements due to a change in masticatory rhythm]. PMID- 3253575 TI - [Effect of local anesthesia on body temperature. With detailed examination of mandibular block]. PMID- 3253576 TI - Morphological relationship between teeth and mandible in Colobus monkeys. PMID- 3253577 TI - [Two cases of anomaly of the lower third molar in Macaca fuscata fuscata]. PMID- 3253578 TI - [The trend of dental students in smoking]. PMID- 3253579 TI - [Dental practitioners' awareness of the need for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation]. PMID- 3253580 TI - [Intercuspal distances of the deciduous second molars in Japanese subjects]. PMID- 3253581 TI - [Influence of sucrose on calcium and phosphorus balances]. PMID- 3253582 TI - [Influence of ampicillin on phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophage against Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 3253584 TI - [Basic study on high-frequency occlusal sound in dynamic diagnosis]. PMID- 3253583 TI - [Application of the thermoelastic stress imaging method to prosthodontics. Basic study of the stress field of artificial molar teeth]. PMID- 3253585 TI - [A diagnostic study of gingival color in gingivitis]. PMID- 3253586 TI - [The relationship of occlusion to morphologies of palate and dental arch: Fourier analysis and analysis by index of palatal curvature]. PMID- 3253587 TI - [Basic study of Ag elution from dental casting alloys]. PMID- 3253588 TI - [Studies on masticatory efficiency in relation to occlusal areas of alternately missing artificial mandibular molar denture]. PMID- 3253589 TI - [Acid soluble glycoprotein in human saliva with monoclonal antibody]. PMID- 3253590 TI - [Treatment of the condylar fracture of mandible by surgical method]. PMID- 3253591 TI - [Influence of clicking sounds on hearing ability]. PMID- 3253593 TI - [Acoustic microscopy of rat incisor dentin]. PMID- 3253592 TI - [An application of the coordinate measuring machine to three-dimensional measures of internal cranial base morphology]. PMID- 3253595 TI - [Genetic study in the development of dental caries in mice]. PMID- 3253596 TI - [Effects of smoking on timed vital capacity: case of young smokers]. PMID- 3253594 TI - [Enamel crystal formation isolated from developing enamel surface]. PMID- 3253598 TI - [X-ray crystallographic study on the enamel of Macaca fuscata]. PMID- 3253597 TI - [Effect of preoperative nonsmoking period on the values of arterial blood gas analysis]. PMID- 3253599 TI - [Metrical study on teeth and mandible in Macaca fuscata fuscata (Japanese monkey)]. PMID- 3253600 TI - [Determination of thiocyanate in saliva by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3253601 TI - [Acute toxicity of local anesthetic in rats bearing carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic lesion]. PMID- 3253602 TI - Kinetic values of active serotonin transport by platelets of bipolar, unipolar and schizophrenic patients at 2 and at 8 a.m. Preliminary report. AB - Serotonin active transport by platelets of psychiatric patients was determined at 2 and at 8 a.m. Kinetic values, Vmax and Km, of serotonin uptake by platelets of bipolar depressive patients at 2 a.m. were higher than those at 8 a.m. Contrary to that, the kinetic values, Vmax and Km, for unipolar patients at 2 a.m. were rather lower than the values at 8 a.m. Serotonin uptake kinetics by platelets of schizophrenic patients at 2 a.m. were similar to those at 8 a.m. The curves of serotonin uptake kinetics by platelets of bipolar patients at 2 and at 8 a.m. were different from those observed for platelets of unipolar and schizophrenic patients. The variability of the kinetics of serotonin uptake by platelets of the three groups of psychiatric patients may offer a clue to the heterogenicity of these disorders. PMID- 3253603 TI - Biological vulnerability to depression: replication of MAO and evoked potentials as risk factors. AB - In previous work, we have reported that specific combinations of platelet (MAO) activity and evoked potential augmenting/reducing (AR) are associated with risk for affective disorders. This new study screened 271 college freshmen solely on MAO and AR and selected a sample with extreme values on both measures. These students were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and they completed a family history questionnaire and psychosocial scales. Following the previous work, the same MAO and AR combinations were related to the frequency of major depression and a family history of psychiatric disorder. PMID- 3253604 TI - Ventricular size, cognitive and psychomotor performance, and laterality in schizophrenia. AB - Based on the association of cerebral ventricular enlargement with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, the present study looked for relationships between the hemispheric ventricular size and tests of performance as well as their sensitivity to neuroleptics. No meaningful relations could be established. On the contrary, wider ventricles were associated with less cognitive and psychomotor impairment and less sensitivity to neuroleptics. PMID- 3253605 TI - Task difficulty and EEG alpha asymmetry: an amplitude and frequency analysis. AB - The effects of mathematical, spatial and verbal task difficulty on EEG alpha amplitude and mean frequency asymmetry were investigated. Twenty right-handed subjects with no familial left-handedness (10 female, 10 male) were presented 3 levels of difficulty for each type of task. Difficulty was varied through increasing the rate of auditorily presented numerical stimuli. Also examined were EEG alpha correlates with measures of performance anxiety, subjective difficulty, loss of vigilance, confusion, the tendency to rely on a guessing strategy and performance. While increasing task difficulty led to right-parietal and posttemporal alpha acceleration for all tasks, task-dependent bilateral changes in alpha frequency were also observed. Increased mathematical task difficulty widened parietal amplitude asymmetry differences between high- and low performance subjects, and produced performance-dependent changes in left-parietal and right-temporal alpha frequency. A curvilinear relationship between spatial task difficulty and relative right-hemisphere alpha attenuation was found for the high-performance group only. Finally, numerous correlations were found between alpha measures and subjective and performance variables. Most of these correlations were found to be both task- and difficulty-level-specific. Task anxiety appeared to play a significant role in the determination of parietal- and temporal-lobe asymmetry. PMID- 3253606 TI - The Emery-Dreifuss disease. PMID- 3253607 TI - Effect of denervation on muscle maturation in rats. PMID- 3253608 TI - [Effect of complete cerebral ischemia on the ultrastructure of the nucleus gigantocellularis of the brain stem of rats]. PMID- 3253609 TI - [Effect of complete cerebral ischemia on the ultrastructure of the hypothalamo hypophyseal neurosecretory system of rats]. PMID- 3253610 TI - [Changes in alkaline phosphatase and adenyl cyclase activities in the vascular network of the brain in experimental post-resuscitation syndrome]. PMID- 3253611 TI - [Palatal myoclonus and hypertrophy of the olivary nucleus. Case report]. PMID- 3253612 TI - Ultrastructure of axons in disturbed CNS myelination in pt rabbit. PMID- 3253613 TI - Karyometric studies of glial cells in corpus callosum of rats developing a fat deficient diet. PMID- 3253614 TI - Dynamics of rat hippocampus development in organotypic tissue culture. Light and electron-microscopic study. PMID- 3253615 TI - [Effect of short-term ischemia on the ultrastructure of the hippocampal gyrus in Mongolian gerbils. I. Ultrastructural characteristics of the CA sector of Ammon's horn with special reference to synaptic contacts]. PMID- 3253616 TI - Different temporal trends in stroke types in the light of autoptic cases. PMID- 3253617 TI - Morphometric analysis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 3253618 TI - [Neuropathology of Reye's syndrome]. PMID- 3253619 TI - Myelin lipids in senile rat brain. PMID- 3253620 TI - Apoptosis and dark neurons. PMID- 3253621 TI - Antibodies to glycoconjugates in human motor neuron disease. AB - IgM monoclonal gammopathy has been reported in some patients with motor neuron disease. The monoclonal IgMs in several of the patients bind to the carbohydrate epitope Gal (beta 1-3) GalNAc, which is shared by gangliosides GM1 and GD1b and glycoproteins in the nervous system and crossreacted with Gal (beta 1-3) GlcNAc. They also immunostain spinal cord and gray matter and presynaptic terminals of motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction. The role and mechanisms of action of these antibodies in motor neuron disease is under investigation. PMID- 3253622 TI - Distribution of muscarinic cholinergic (mACh) receptors in the rat spinal cord: in vitro quantitative autoradiographic investigation. PMID- 3253623 TI - Development of the vascular supply in the dental pulp of rat molars--scanning electron microscope study of microcorrosion casts. PMID- 3253624 TI - An improved method for cutting of thick serial sections for light microscopy from Epon-embedded tissues. PMID- 3253625 TI - Neurons of origin of the internal ramus of the rabbit accessory nerve: localization in the nucleus ambiguus. PMID- 3253626 TI - Validity and reliability of visual acuity measurements. AB - A more scientific method than the Snellen chart for determining visual acuity is imperative for research studies and is desirable in many clinical situations. The psychometric method using the constant contour interaction S-chart of Flom has been regarded as an accurate and reliable visual acuity measure and has been used widely for research purposes. This paper compares visual acuity measured by the S chart with that measured by the Snellen and Bailey--Lovie charts. The results indicate that the Bailey--Lovie chart is a valid, reliable and rapid method of measuring threshold visual acuity for research purposes. PMID- 3253627 TI - Assessment of contrast sensitivity of patients with macular disease using reduced contrast near visual acuity charts. AB - A set of near Bailey-Lovie logMAR letter charts that varied in contrast from 0.40 dB (C = 0.95) to 58.0 dB (C = 0.001) were used to measure the middle and high spatial frequency range of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) of 15 subjects with age-related maculopathy (ARM) and 15 age-matched normal subjects. The letter charts were shown to have good test-retest reliability. Compared with measures made using CRT generated square wave gratings of variable contrast and spatial frequency they were also shown to provide a valid measure of CSF in the mid to high spatial frequency range. The 20.0 dB letter chart alone was shown to be a good screening device for macular disease. The letter charts do not provide a measure of the peak of the CSF and a supplementary test of contrast sensitivity is needed to quantify contrast sensitivity at a low spatial frequency. Three measures are proposed as necessary to document foveal visual capability of patients with macular disease: distance logMAR visual acuity to measure high spatial frequency resolution, visual acuity with letter charts of 20 dB contrast to assess mid spatial frequency resolution; and contrast sensitivity for the detection of an edge to estimate contrast sensitivity for larger objects. PMID- 3253628 TI - Detection of low spatial frequencies: a single filter or multiple filters? AB - Ever since it was first reported that the contrast sensitivity for low spatial frequency sinusoidal gratings falls off with a slope approximating unity it has been suggested that this may represent gradient detection by a single spatial filter tuned to higher spatial frequencies. We have further investigated this possibility using aperiodic as well as periodic stimuli. Experiments are presented that involve manipulations of luminance, field size and spatial adaptation, and the results are consistent with a multiple filter model accounting for the detection of low spatial frequency (0.2-2 c/deg) periodic and aperiodic stimuli. PMID- 3253629 TI - Stereoacuity levels and vision problems in children from 7 to 11 years. AB - A longitudinal study of stereoacuity levels of 859 children at 7 years, 811 children at 9 years and 796 children at 11 years was conducted using the TNO random dot stereotest. The prevalence of defective stereoscopic vision was found to be between 2.1 and 3.2 per cent. A further 10-16 per cent of children had only moderate stereoacuity levels when compared with their peers. The stereoacuity levels achieved by most of the children improved with age, but the rank order correlations for the stereoacuity levels between ages 7 and 9, and ages 9 and 11, were small. Defective stereopsis and poor stereoacuity levels were clearly associated with manifest strabismus and problems of visual acuity, and if failure to pass the quantitative plates was a cut-off point for screening purposes most of the children with visual problems would have been identified. PMID- 3253630 TI - Vision and visual acuity in an elderly population. AB - The data for this paper were collected during a two-year study of the elderly in the market town of Melton Mowbray. The data show that typically, persons aged 75 years and older have poor uncorrected vision (6/36 Snellen acuity), but good corrected acuity, 73.8 per cent gaining 6/12 binocular Snellen acuity or better. Over 88 per cent were able to read N8 typesize or better, under test conditions. Those with low uncorrected vision were the most likely to possess spectacles. PMID- 3253631 TI - Refraction and refractive errors in an elderly population. AB - The data for this paper were collected during a two-year study of the elderly in the market town of Melton Mowbray. The randomly selected subjects, aged 76 years of age and older, were found to be on average +1.33 D hypermetropic and the average cylinder power was 0.82 D. The mean refractive error was found to be +1.5 D with 0.5 negative cylinder at between 85 and 90 degrees. Of all the subjects, 30 per cent had significant anisometropia. PMID- 3253632 TI - The use of accurate visual acuity measurements in clinical anti-cataract formulation trials. AB - A standardized visual acuity technique is presented for use in anti-cataract drug trials. Ferris Logmar charts were used in repeatability studies of vision, visual acuity and pinhole visual acuity measurements for twenty normal subjects (mean (+/- SD) age 64 +/- 6.3 years). Visual acuity measurements were shown to be the most repeatable and thought to be the most suitable for monitoring cataract progression. Repeated visual acuity measurements were made on 29 cataractous eyes of 15 subjects (mean (+/- SD) age 67.8 +/- 7.2 years). A Logmar score change of 0.1 (one line) was shown to be a statistically significant change. This value can be used in statistical analyses of drug efficacy. The normal data gives a mean Logmar visual acuity of 1.15 (Snellen equivalent 6/5). This indicates the inadequacy of using 6/6 as a norm value for visual acuity, even for older patients. As the possibility of reversal of cataract theoretically exists in the early stages of cortical and capsular cataracts, patients with small amounts of these types of cataract are ideal patients for anti-cataract formulation trials. The normal visual acuity results indicate that the inclusion criteria for clinical trials can include patients with cataracts with visual acuity as good as 6/6. PMID- 3253633 TI - Time-of-day variations in oculomotor function: I. Tonic accommodation and tonic vergence. AB - Time-of-day variations were studied both in tonic accommodation and in tonic vergence. Thirty-six male volunteers were measured once in the morning and at one other time on the same day. The mean baseline value of tonic accommodation was 2.02 D. Time-of-day variations were found, with a late evening measure being +0.6 D greater than the morning value. No independent time-of-day fluctuations were found in tonic vergence. Post-hoc analysis, however, showed that tonic vergence tended to shift in the same direction as an individual's tonic accommodation during the afternoon. During the evening, tonic vergences tended to shift oppositely to tonic accommodation. PMID- 3253634 TI - Time-of-day variations in oculomotor function: II. Steady-state accommodation to square-wave gratings. AB - Time-of-day variations in both tonic accommodation and steady-state accommodation to a grating were assessed for 16 observers who were tested once in the morning and again 12 hours later. The mean night-time tonic accommodation was +0.5 D greater than the morning value. Square-wave gratings of 4.2 and 8.4 c/deg were presented to the observers at distances of 0, 1.07, 2.13, 3.2 D. Over accommodation to far targets and under-accommodation to near targets occurred for both gratings. All values of steady-state accommodation were somewhat greater in the evening. Large individual differences were noted. PMID- 3253635 TI - Long-term endurance of adaptive shifts in tonic accommodation. AB - After an 8 min inducing period of sustained focusing on a target at the near point (NP) of accommodation, tonic accommodation was monitored at 8 min intervals over a 48 min period in darkness. A laser optometer provided evidence for asymptotically increasing tonic levels. Accordingly, eyes closed in darkness (EC) was not a condition for the relaxation or dissipation of enhanced tonic levels. Furthermore, refixating the NP target for 6 min, 24 min after the initial focusing period, provided no significant enhancement of tonic accommodation over EC. On the other hand, focusing at far point (FP) or walking within a lighted hallway (WH) significantly reduced the tonic after-effect to pre-adaptative levels, but only transiently. Tonic after-effects induced by NP focusing thus appear to be remarkably resistant either to long-term attenuation or enhancement. A model based on the decay of accumulated sympathetic and parasympathetic neurotransmitters was developed to account for the contrasting fact that focusing at near targets for periods up to about 2-3 min as well as sustained focusing at far targets tends to yield complete decay of tonic after-effects. PMID- 3253636 TI - Effect of a mental arithmetic task on dark focus of accommodation. AB - Three subjective techniques for measuring accommodation (polarized vernier optometer, laser optometer, and a hand optometer based on the vernier principle) were used to measure subjects' dark focus while they performed a short-term mental arithmetic task. Compared with the initial values measured without the arithmetic task, significant changes in dark focus occurred when the task was performed. The effects depended on the initial dark focus of the subjects: in far dark-focus subjects, inward shifts were generally observed; in near-dark-focus subjects, the dark focus shifted in different directions when different measuring techniques were used. The individual changes in dark focus due to the mental task were reproducible when the mean dark focus of the group shifted inward and when the same technique for measuring accommodation was used. The results have implications for the interpretation of dark focus shifts that are found following prolonged visual work at close distances, e.g. at visual display terminals. PMID- 3253637 TI - The effect of monocular versus binocular fixation on accommodative hysteresis. AB - Changes in tonic accommodation were compared under monocular (6 or 10 D) and binocular (6 D/6 MA or 10 D/10 MA) inducing conditions in 26 visually normal young adults. Tonic accommodation was measured immediately before and after an 8 min fixation period. Statistically equivalent increases in tonic accommodation were produced under the two modes and levels of fixation. Even those individuals who showed large (greater than or equal to +0.70 D) monocularly induced changes were equally responsive under binocular fixation conditions. The results suggest that monocularly and binocularly induced accommodative hysteresis effects are similar in magnitude, regardless of the potential presence of vergence-driven accommodation under binocular but not under monocular viewing conditions. PMID- 3253638 TI - Accommodative performance for chromatic displays. AB - Over the past few years, video display units (VDUs) have been incorporated into many varieties of workplaces and occupational demands. The success of electro optical displays in facilitating and improving job performance has spawned interest in extracting further advantage from VDUs by incorporating colour coding into such communication systems. However, concerns have been raised about the effect of chromatic stimuli on the visual comfort and task efficiency, because of the chromatic aberration inherent in the optics of the human eye. In this study, we used a computer aided laser speckle optometer system to measure the accommodative responses to brightness-matched chromatic letters displayed on a high-resolution RGB monitor. Twenty, visually normal, paid volunteers in a 22-35 year age category served as subjects. Stimuli were 14, 21, 28 minutes of arc letters presented in a 'monochromatic' (white, red, green or blue, on a black background) or 'multichromatic' (blue-red, blue-green, red-green, foreground background combinations) mode at 40 and 80 cm viewing distances. The results demonstrated that while the accommodative responses were strongly influenced by the foreground-background colour combination, the group-averaged dioptric difference across colours was relatively small. Further, accommodative responses were not guided in any systematic fashion by the size of letters presented for fixation. Implications of these findings for display designs are discussed. PMID- 3253639 TI - The effect of optical defocus on the accommodative accuracy for chromatic displays. AB - Blur, probably arising from focusing inaccuracies, has been cited in ergonomic and vision literature as one of the causes of visual stress and decreased task efficiency in operation of video display units (VDUs). With the advent of colour coding in electro-optical displays, the need for a detailed quantification of focusing responses to chromatic stimuli is particularly important because of the influence of the chromatic aberration present in ocular optics on the focusing response of the eye. In this regard, we used a computer-aided laser speckle optometer system to measure the accommodative responses of 20 visually normal subjects, to brightness-matched monochromatic and multichromatic stimuli displayed on a high-resolution RGB monitor. We also investigated the effect of target size, target clarity, and viewing distance on the response accuracy of the focusing system of the eye. Our results show that while the accommodative responses are systematically influenced by target chromaticity, they are relatively independent of target size. There was no evidence of any anomalous focusing responses resulting from either target chromaticity or defocus that could account for the asthenopia frequently reported by VDU users. Furthermore, moderate levels of optical defocus did not drive accommodation into any visible hunting pattern for optimal focus or towards its tonic resting position. Implications of these findings in display designs are presented. PMID- 3253640 TI - Squaring the sphero-cylinder, the equivalent of squaring the refractive power matrix. PMID- 3253641 TI - Modification of the Canon Auto Ref R1 for use as a continuously recording infra red optometer. AB - The Canon Auto Ref R1 has been modified to allow continuous recording of accommodation while retaining its capacity to record in 'single-shot' static mode. Possible alternative principles of modification are discussed with emphasis placed on the method used in this paper. Preliminary results are presented for both a novel dynamic model eye and an emmetropic real eye. The system described provides a useful research tool in the study of ocular accommodation dynamics. PMID- 3253642 TI - Papers presented at the annual meeting of the Applied Vision Association--AVA '88. Oxford, 11-13 April 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3253643 TI - [Microsurgical procedures in cases of labyrinthine fistula caused by cholesteatoma]. PMID- 3253644 TI - [Organization of the temporal system of the skull. III. The peripheral pneumatic system of the ear]. PMID- 3253645 TI - [Studies of histocompatibility antigens in otospongiosis]. PMID- 3253646 TI - [Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus in lesions of the cerebellar hemispheres]. PMID- 3253647 TI - [Evaluation of failures in the surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 3253648 TI - [Determining the low-frequency auditory threshold by studying the auditory response evoked by acoustic stimulation with 40 Hz (40 Hz MLR)]. PMID- 3253649 TI - [A method of data collection in the acoustic evaluation of the effect of phonosurgical operations on the larynx]. PMID- 3253650 TI - [A case of chondroma of the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3253651 TI - [Osteochondroma of the axis bulging into the peripharyngeal space and pharynx]. PMID- 3253653 TI - [Introduction to diagnosis and myofunctional therapy. Its integration in orthodontic treatment. (2 of 3)]. PMID- 3253652 TI - [Hepatitis B: focus on prevention. Dentists, a group at risk (1 of 3)]. PMID- 3253654 TI - [Childhood leukemia from the perspective of 15 years of its intensive treatment]. PMID- 3253655 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibodies in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. I. Immunological subclassification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3253656 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibodies in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. II. Clinical picture and prognosis in specific immunological subgroups]. PMID- 3253657 TI - [Effect of prognostic factors on the course of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3253658 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of the treatment of recurrences of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by the BFM (Henze) method]. PMID- 3253659 TI - [Studies of fibronectin levels in recurrences of proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system in children]. PMID- 3253661 TI - [Changes in body height and weight of children with long-term remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3253662 TI - [Progeny of women after intensive treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood]. PMID- 3253660 TI - [Mixed infections with aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora in children with granulocytopenia during antineoplastic therapy]. PMID- 3253663 TI - [Evaluation of thyroid function in children with body weight deficit]. PMID- 3253664 TI - [Age-related changes in arterial blood pressure in primary school children]. PMID- 3253665 TI - [Changes in theophylline levels in the blood serum and saliva of children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3253666 TI - [Results of the blood serum examination for the presence of anti-ABO system antibodies in mothers of newborn infants with fetal erythroblastosis requiring exchange transfusion]. PMID- 3253667 TI - [Type of feeding and the onset of teething]. PMID- 3253668 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of the activities of the Clinic for Disorders in Family Relations based on data analysis]. PMID- 3253670 TI - [Apert syndrome]. PMID- 3253669 TI - [Transient mental disorders in a 6-year-old child with endogenous hepatic encephalopathy in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 3253671 TI - [Evaluation of the progress in determining the causes of recurrent attacks of epilepsy in the first year of life]. PMID- 3253672 TI - [Protein-losing enteropathies]. PMID- 3253673 TI - Questions of quanta and qualia: does sensation make sense of matter--or does matter make sense of sensation? Part 1. PMID- 3253674 TI - Characteristic views and the visual inspection of simple faceted and smooth objects: 'tetrahedra and potatoes'. AB - The way in which human subjects distribute their time when attempting to learn the surface appearance of objects placed on a stand free to rotate about its vertical axis was investigated. Experiments were undertaken to establish whether observers concentrate their time on particular views and, if so, to determine the image characteristics of the preferred views. For tetrahedra, subjects concentrated on views which presented a face or an edge centred on the line of sight. Both of these views were symmetric about the vertical axis. For potatoes as examples of opaque smooth objects, subjects concentrated on four views in which the object's principal (long) axis was oriented side-on or end-on to their line of sight. For such views the horizontal width (and surface area) of the object's image had maximum and minimum values. Preferred views were not systematically related to views defined as stable from the appearance of surface boundaries or 'singularities'. PMID- 3253675 TI - Left-right visual field asymmetry in bistable motion perception. AB - Twelve observers viewed two alternating frames, each consisting of three rectangular bars which were displaced laterally by one cycle in one frame with respect to the other. At long interframe intervals (IFIs) observers perceived a group of three elements moving as a whole (group movement), whereas with IFIs shorter than 40-60 ms the overlapping elements in each frame appeared stationary while the third element appeared to move from one end of the display to the other (end-to-end movement). The percentage of group movement responses in central viewing was compared to those obtained for stimulus presentation in the left and right visual fields (4 deg eccentricity), for opposite horizontal directions of motion. All ten right-handed subjects showed a left-field advantage in sensitivity to group movement. The two left-handed subjects showed a similar advantage in sensitivity with right-field presentation. The effects of monocular vision, hand used in the task, spatial frequency, and contrast on visual field asymmetry were all investigated in two right-handed subjects. None of these factors affected the left-right asymmetry. PMID- 3253676 TI - Temporal properties of apparent motion in subjective figures. AB - In 'Kanizsa' figures, vivid subjective shapes are seen in the absence of explicit contours to define them. When two or more such figures are presented sequentially, so that the subjective shape occupies different positions, good apparent motion of the shape is usually reported. This motion percept must be mediated by a high-level process, in which form extraction precedes motion detection. Some spatial and temporal properties of this motion process are investigated. A major finding is that motion is only perceived when the time interval between successive frames falls below about 500 ms, and the duration of each frame exceeds about 80 ms. PMID- 3253677 TI - Circular vection is independent of stimulus eccentricity. AB - The sensation of self-rotation induced by viewing a surround rotating about the observer's vertical axis (circular vection or CV) was investigated with equal area stimuli located in either the central, the mid-peripheral, or the far peripheral visual field. Magnitude estimation responses indicated greater CV with larger stimulus area, but no significant differences in CV sensations as a function of stimulus eccentricity. This pattern of results does not support the belief that CV is dominated by peripheral stimulation when equal-area stimuli are compared. PMID- 3253678 TI - The effects of target borders on dynamic visual acuity: practical and theoretical implications. AB - The effects of target borders on the ability of observers to resolve moving targets (Landolt Cs) under a range of conditions were examined. Contrary to reported findings with stationary targets, it was predicted that the presence of borders would improve acuity for slow-moving targets because (i) overall stimulus energy is kept relatively constant as target detail varies, and (ii) a low spatial-frequency component is held constant as target detail varies. In an experiment in which a two-sided border (above and below the target) was used, the predicted beneficial effect of the border at slow speeds was obtained. The results are discussed in terms of practical implications for the assessment of dynamic visual acuity as well as the potential neural mechanisms underlying performance. PMID- 3253679 TI - Planarity and segmentation in stereoscopic matching. AB - The matching of stereograms which contain periodic patterns suggests ways in which the stereo correspondence problem may be solved in human vision. The stereograms seem to be segmented by coarse-scale features. Within each segment a set of matches approximating a plane is chosen. In regions with periodic patterns there may be many such planar sets, and the disparity of coarse-scale features seems to guide the choice of a particular set. This emphasis on planarity may reflect the occurrence of correlation-like operations in cortical neurons. An attractive possibility is that segmentation effectively delimits areas of the visual field within which disparities are likely to be slow changing (eg local tangent planes to surfaces) so that the correlation sums evaluated in a segment can give the best estimate of depth. A mechanism of this kind cannot account for all of stereo matching, since not all visual objects are well described by ensembles of planes. But it is likely to be a component of the matching system which is particularly important where images are 'noisy' and averaging is needed to extract reliable disparities. PMID- 3253680 TI - Adaptation to telestereoscopic viewing measured by one-handed ball-catching performance. AB - A one-handed ball-catching task was used to study the disturbance of depth judgement induced by telestereoscopic viewing (ie viewing with increased effective interocular separation), the recovery of performance with experience in the telestereoscope, and the errors that subsequently arose when the telestereoscope was removed. The ball's trajectory was variable so that subjects had to control both the position and the timing of the grasp in order to catch the ball. On first wearing the telestereoscope, subjects closed the hand when the ball was approximately twice as far away from the eyes as the hand was. After fewer than twenty trials in the telestereoscope subjects were closing the hand at approximately the correct time and place, although rather more trials were needed for ball-catching performance to recover to normal. When the telestereoscope was removed there was an aftereffect, with subjects making the opposite errors to when they began the task. The existence of an aftereffect shows that the process of adaptation involves reevaluation rather than neglect of the misleading binocular information. Helmholtz's theory that telestereoscopes cause the world to be perceived as a scale model is considered. Initial misreaching is roughly consistent with this theory, but there are insufficient data to test it rigorously. Data from the aftereffect phase are clearly inconsistent with the theory. The results confirm the importance of binocular information in dynamic motor tasks, such as ball catching. PMID- 3253682 TI - On Thompson's inverted-face phenomenon (research note). PMID- 3253681 TI - Size constancy in children: a new interpretation. AB - Existing evidence indicates that there are differences between children and adults in size constancy when observation distances are large. Findings are reported which suggest that this phenomenon is based on a difference in the accessing of proximal stimulus information, which, in the case of size, refers to visual angle subtended. Age differences were found when a traditional size constancy task was used, but these differences disappeared when all the comparison objects subtended the same visual angle. Since this finding demonstrates that young children can make accurate size matches, it is suggested that the underconstancy previously reported is not necessarily the result of children's inability to use fully certain cues to distance. Rather, the findings suggest that children access proximal stimulus information more spontaneously than do adults. PMID- 3253683 TI - A simple analogue teaching device for demonstrating visual-receptive-field properties. AB - A cheap (under 100 pounds at current prices) and simple analogue device is described which permits one to demonstrate, according to an adjustable configuration of the photoreceptive elements, some of the main properties of (i) circularly-symmetrical, (ii) 'simple' elongated opponent-flank, and (iii) multiple-discharge-centre visual receptive fields. The design and construction of the device are described, together with some suggested demonstrations. PMID- 3253684 TI - Porphyria variegata--a problem for the anesthesiologist. PMID- 3253685 TI - Images and emotion in patient-centered clinical teaching. PMID- 3253686 TI - For clinical research: a formula for improved prognosis. PMID- 3253687 TI - Canadian medical system. PMID- 3253688 TI - [Need for review of the ministerial directive concerning anti-rabies prophylaxis in the light of recent epidemiological evidence]. PMID- 3253689 TI - [Health and hygiene aspects of the destination for human consumption of protein obtained from animal plasma]. PMID- 3253690 TI - [Urinary electrolytes and arterial pressure: results of a crossed study]. PMID- 3253692 TI - [Continuous chemical analysis of coastal waters: new computerized technics for measuring water pollution in comparison with microbiological indicators]. PMID- 3253691 TI - [Use of agricultural chemicals in greenhouse cultivation: problems of pollution in the soil and superficial strata. 3. Further information on the presence of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in the water table of Marsala]. PMID- 3253693 TI - [The disposal of hospital wastes]. PMID- 3253694 TI - [Pulmonary collagen]. PMID- 3253695 TI - [Usefulness of Daniel's biopsy and biopsy of bronchial mucous membrane in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in the specimens of the District Phthisiopneumonological Hospital in Szczecin-Zdunow]. PMID- 3253696 TI - [Effect of verapamil on the granulocyte activity studied by the NBT test in patients with hay fever and non-atopic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3253697 TI - [Prospective epidemiological studies of chronic bronchitis in men in the city of Zabrze]. PMID- 3253698 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in bronchopulmonary allergic aspergillosis]. PMID- 3253700 TI - Resistant staphylococci: concern of the 1980s. Proceedings. March 14, 1987, New Orleans, Louisiana. PMID- 3253699 TI - [Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]. PMID- 3253701 TI - Overcoming resistance. PMID- 3253702 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of narcotic dependence in pregnant women and the neonatal abstinence syndrome in newborn infants]. PMID- 3253703 TI - [Psychological decision making with regard to motherhood by women with high-risk pregnancy and normal pregnancy]. PMID- 3253704 TI - [Glycosylated blood protein level measured by fructosamine test as a control of the effectiveness of the management of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3253705 TI - [Bromocriptine in the treatment of puerperal mastitis]. PMID- 3253706 TI - [Evaluation of selected indicators of the hemostasis system in the initial stage of puerperal infection]. PMID- 3253707 TI - [C-reactive protein as an indicator of bacterial infection in pregnancy]. PMID- 3253708 TI - [Knowledge of the methods of family planning and contraception among women of reproductive age]. PMID- 3253710 TI - [Evaluation of the results of secondary reconstruction of the nerves of the fingers by nerve transplantation]. PMID- 3253709 TI - [Evaluation of the results of secondary reconstruction of the median and ulnar nerves by nerve transplantation]. PMID- 3253711 TI - [Tissue therapy of trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 3253712 TI - [Straight thoracic spine syndrome]. PMID- 3253713 TI - [Magnesium metabolism in the familial form of osteogenesis imperfecta]. PMID- 3253714 TI - [Pathomechanism of myotonia and its treatment]. PMID- 3253715 TI - Immobilization stress modifies locomotor response to catecholamine receptor agonists in rats. AB - The effects of dopaminergic (apomorphine, nomifensine, B-HT 920) and noradrenergic (methoxamine, clonidine, salbutamol) agonists on locomotor activity were investigated in rats submitted to acute (3 h) or repeated (3 h/4 days) immobilization stress. The stress-induced functional changes were monitored by the blood level of corticosterone and the number of lymphocytes as well as the brain utilization of NA and DA. The rats subjected to acute immobilization stress displayed 30 min later an enhanced locomotor activation after apomorphine, nomifensine, or methoxamine and reduced sedative effect of clonidine, salbutamol or B-HT 920. 24 h after the repeated stress only the locomotor responses to apomorphine, nomifensine, B-HT 920 and salbutamol were modified. Spontaneous locomotor activity was not significantly changed under the influence of stressful stimuli. Increased plasma corticosterone level, strong reduction of blood lymphocytes and enhanced NA and DA utilization in the brain of rats after acute stress, together with above mentioned results, suggest that short-lasting stress evokes (30 min later) significant functional changes not only in the blood but also in the brain: enhanced CA neurons activity as well as the increased alpha 1 adrenergic and DA-post-synaptic receptors responsiveness in parallel with reduced alpha 2 - and beta-adrenergic and DA-presynaptic receptors reactivity. On the other hand, 24 h after last session of repeated stress CA brain neurons activity was not changed, however DA and beta-adrenergic responsivity was farther modified. It is postulated that the stress conditions produce in NA and/or DA brain systems a state of readiness to locomotion activating stimuli. PMID- 3253716 TI - Acyl derivatives of 1,5-benzodiazepines. III. Acyl derivatives of ethyl ester of 4-methyl-1H-tetrahydro-1,5-benzodiazepine-2-carboxylic acid. AB - Two series of derivatives of ethyl ester of 4-methyl-1H-tetrahydro-1,5 benzodiazepine-2-carboxylic acid (1) have been synthesized. The acetyl derivative (2) of ester 1 in preliminary pharmacological screening showed analgesic activity in the "writhing" test and the benzoyl derivative (5) exhibited antianxiety properties in the four plate test, while N,N-disubstituted aminoacetyl derivatives of 1 showed analgesic and anticonvulsant activity (10). PMID- 3253718 TI - Brain choline acetyltransferase and muscarinic receptor sites, brain and liver cholinesterases in precocial Acomys cahirinus and altricial rat during post-natal development. AB - Brain choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase with its molecular forms, and muscarinic receptor sites, as well as liver total cholinesterases were evaluated during the first postnatal month in pups of a precocial (Acomys cahirinus) and altricial (rat) murid species. At birth the levels of brain cholinergic markers were higher in the Acomys than in the rat, but in adulthood the differences were smaller or even reversed. The postnatal increase up in the markers to weaning was considerably more pronounced in the rat. However, substantial variations in the patterns of development of the three cholinergic markers within and between species were observed. Liver cholinesterases were considerably higher in Acomys than in rats at all ages investigated. These and literature data are discussed in relation to postnatal, post-conception and post organogenesis age of pups belonging to the two species. The variability of the ontogenetic patterns between the enzymes suggests that there is some biological control of individual rates of maturation and that it is necessary to be careful in broadly interpreting growth patterns across organs within the same species and across species. PMID- 3253717 TI - Antihistaminic-opioid combination: effect on locomotor activity in mice. AB - Various laboratory studies have been recently prompted by reports indicating abuse by heroin addicts of the narcotic agonist-antagonist pentazocine combined with the antihistaminic tripelennamine. For what concerns the effects on locomotor activity, it was demonstrated that three histamine H1 receptor antagonists, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine and tripelennamine enhance morphine-, but not amphetamine and scopolamine-induced hyperactivity in mice. These results suggested that antihistaminics may specifically interfere with locomotor effects of opioids. Such hypothesis was strengthened by further findings indicating enhancement by tripelennamine of the locomotor stimulation induced by buprenorphine, a drug possessing morphine-like properties. PMID- 3253719 TI - [Endodontic medications?]. PMID- 3253720 TI - [Risks and limitations in orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3253721 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the oral cavity and their probable association with cutaneous lymphomas: report of a case]. PMID- 3253722 TI - [Changes in taste acuity associated with chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3253723 TI - [Speech disorders caused by dysglossia]. PMID- 3253724 TI - [Genetics. Test tube teeth for the edentulous?]. PMID- 3253725 TI - [Multilocular cyst]. PMID- 3253726 TI - [Posterior resins, a warning]. PMID- 3253727 TI - [TMJ disorders: the general dentist may have the first solution]. PMID- 3253728 TI - [Induction of "sterile" periapical lesions in rodents. Preliminary report]. PMID- 3253729 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid]. PMID- 3253730 TI - [Postoperative sensibility. Control of infections in the operatory]. PMID- 3253731 TI - Structure, function, nomenclature. PMID- 3253732 TI - Distinctive properties of signal sequences from bacterial lipoproteins. AB - We have compared a number of attributes (hydrophobicity, amino acid size, charge and secondary structure propensities) of signal sequences from bacterial lipoproteins with the same attributes of signal peptides from other prokaryotic proteins (non-lipoproteins). Lipoprotein leader sequences tend to be shorter, more hydrophobic and bulky, and they have stronger conformational preferences, the most conspicuous being a predicted beta-turn comprising positions 2 or 3 of the mature protein. Another distinctive feature is a maximum in the local energy profile between positions -1 and +2. With one exception (beta-lactamase III), the lipoproteins do not have Pro in their signal peptides, and they tend to have fewer Ser and Thr but more Gly than non-lipoproteins. Lipoproteins also lack a net negative charge in the N-terminal regions of the mature proteins. The signal peptides of the bacteriocin plasmid-coded lysis proteins appear to be unique in that they have all the ascribed features of lipoprotein signals; these characteristics can be used to guide signal peptide mutagenesis experiments and to construct new secretion vehicles. PMID- 3253733 TI - Protein design for non-aqueous solvents. AB - Improving protein stability in unnatural and suboptimal environments is a promising application of protein engineering technology. Carefully designed amino acid alterations may lead to dramatic positive effects on the stability of proteins under highly perturbing conditions, such as in non-aqueous solvents. Applications of biocatalysts and proteins with specific binding capabilities in the chemical industry have been severely limited by constraints placed on the solvent environment. With the advent of convenient methods for altering the amino acid composition and even synthesizing entirely new protein molecules, it is worthwhile to consider engineering proteins for stability in non-aqueous solvents. In order to identify the features that a protein would need for stability in organic media, we have been studying the structure and properties of the hydrophobic protein crambin. Crambin is unique in that it is soluble and stable in very high concentrations of polar organic solvents. Crambin and its water-soluble homologs offer a powerful demonstration of protein engineering for non-aqueous solvents. This paper describes the structural features that contribute to crambin's special properties. Based on these observations and consideration of how non-aqueous solvents affect the interactions important in protein folding, a set of rules for designing non-aqueous solvent-stable proteins is proposed. PMID- 3253734 TI - Structural alignment and analysis of two distantly related proteins: Aplysia limacina myoglobin and sea lamprey globin. AB - Two new globin structures have recently been determined at high resolution: the globin from the mollusc Aplysia limacina at 1.6 A resolution and a new refinement of the structure from sea lamprey. Two amino acid sequences of these homologous molecules have only 30% residue identity in an optimal alignment. We discuss some of the problems arising in the alignment of Aplysia globin with other globins of known structure, a challenging problem because of the distant relationship. Four independent approaches were applied to the alignment of the Aplysia and lamprey globins, including those based on individual sequence comparisons, structural analysis, and the relatively new method of templates or fingerprints derived for an entire family of proteins. We also compare these two new structures with what is already known about the globin family. A detailed description of the two structures shows that the two molecules contain the main structural features common to all the globins so far studied, with several minor but interesting hitherto unobserved variations. PMID- 3253735 TI - Further experimental studies of the disulfide folding transition of ribonuclease A. AB - Two very different mechanisms of folding have been proposed from experimental studies of disulfide formation in reduced ribonuclease A. (1) A pathway in which the rate-limiting step separates fully folded protein from all other disulfide intermediates and occurs solely in three-disulfide intermediates. (2) A multiple pathway mechanism with different rate-limiting steps for each pathway. The various rate-limiting steps involve disulfide breakage, formation, and rearrangement in intermediates with one, two, three, and four protein disulfides. To distinguish between these two mechanisms, we have carried out further studies of both unfolding and refolding. Refolding of reduced ribonuclease A requires three-disulfide intermediates to accumulate; negligible refolding occurs when only the nearly random one- and two-disulfide intermediate species are populated. Therefore, no rate-limiting steps of the type postulated in mechanism (2) occur in intermediates with one and two protein disulfides. Unfolding and disulfide reduction is an all-or-none process; no disulfide intermediates accumulate to detectable levels or precede the rate-limiting step. Mechanism (2) requires that such intermediates precede the rate-limiting step and accumulate to substantial levels. The different proposals were shown not to result from the use of different solution conditions or disulfide reagents; the two sets of data are not inconsistent. Instead, the inappropriate mechanism (2) resulted from an incorrect kinetic analysis and misinterpretation of the kinetics of disulfide formation and breakage. PMID- 3253736 TI - Test of circular dichroism (CD) methods for crambin and CD-assisted secondary structure prediction of its homologous toxins. AB - Methods that analyze protein circular dichroism (CD) spectra for fractions of secondary structure are evaluated for the plant protein crambin, which has a known high-resolution crystal structure. In addition, a two-step secondary structure prediction scheme is presented and used for the toxins homologous to crambin, shown by others to have secondary structures similar to crambin. The test of CD spectral analysis methods with the protein crambin employed two computer programs and several CD basis sets. Crambin's crystal structure, known to 0.945A resolution (Hendrickson, W.A., Teeter, M.M. Nature 290:107-113, 1981), allows accurate evaluation of results. Analysis with the protein spectra basis sets (Provencher, S.W., Glockner, J. Biochemistry 20:33-37, 1981) as modified (Manavalan, P., Johnson, W.C., Jr. Anal. Biochem. 167:76-85, 1987) agreed most closely with crambin's crystal structure. This method was then applied to the CD spectra of the membrane-active toxins homologous to crambin (alpha 1- and beta purothionin, phoratoxin A and B, and viscotoxin A3 and B). The new program SEQ (pronounced "seek") was developed to assign the secondary structure along the protein chain in a hierarchical fashion and applied to the plant toxins. The method constrained the secondary structure fractions to those from CD analysis and combined standard statistical methods with amphipathic helix location. Both CD-arrived secondary structure percentages and sequence assignment indicate that the viscotoxins are structurally most similar to crambin. Purothionin's secondary structure was predicted to be fundamentally similar to crambin's with a difference at the start of the first helix. This assignment agreed with Raman and NMR analyses of purothionin and lends validity to the method presented here. Differences from the NMR in the CD secondary structure fraction analysis for phoratoxin suggest interference in the CD from tryptophan residues. PMID- 3253737 TI - Stereochemistry of salt-bridge formation in alpha-helices and beta-strands. PMID- 3253738 TI - Risks and benefits of tests and treatment. PMID- 3253739 TI - AIDS update panel. PMID- 3253740 TI - Clinical and morphometric observations on prostate cancer. PMID- 3253741 TI - Risk classification--social issue or social responsibility. PMID- 3253742 TI - Acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 3253743 TI - Chronic viral hepatitis. PMID- 3253744 TI - Validity of health screening programs. PMID- 3253745 TI - Oncogenes and growth factors. PMID- 3253746 TI - [Mental health services carried on by each prefecture in Japan]. PMID- 3253747 TI - [Role, educational training and qualification of future psychiatrists- psychiatric specialists and physicians designated by mental health services]. PMID- 3253748 TI - [Problems in post-graduate education in psychiatry viewed from the experience of instructors]. PMID- 3253749 TI - [Possibilities and problems in post-graduate psychiatric education viewed from experience at public and private universities]. PMID- 3253750 TI - [Problems in systematization and organization of post-graduate education in psychiatry]. PMID- 3253751 TI - ["Soft supervision" in post-graduate education in psychiatry]. PMID- 3253752 TI - [Problems in post-graduate education in psychiatry from point of view of an intern]. PMID- 3253753 TI - [Post-graduate education in psychiatry in intensive care units]. PMID- 3253754 TI - [Medical education at a turning point]. PMID- 3253755 TI - [Recent trials in quantification and imaging of EEG]. PMID- 3253756 TI - [Economic considerations in psychiatric treatment]. PMID- 3253757 TI - [Realities in costs of psychiatric treatment]. PMID- 3253758 TI - [Appropriate psychiatric treatment and the compensatory system]. PMID- 3253759 TI - [Open-door system of psychiatric treatment and the cost]. PMID- 3253760 TI - [Considerations in medical-fee system for improvement of clinical psychiatry]. PMID- 3253761 TI - [Psychiatry and the compensation by health insurance]. PMID- 3253763 TI - [New ITI-implant concept--technical aspects and methods (II)]. PMID- 3253762 TI - [Mental health legislation and clinical psychiatry]. PMID- 3253764 TI - [Transfixation with the UTS-system]. PMID- 3253766 TI - [Periapical involvements and their endodontic therapy]. PMID- 3253765 TI - [Results of occlusal Luxafill applications after 6 months and after 1 year]. PMID- 3253767 TI - [Film holder system for measurements in root canal treatment]. PMID- 3253768 TI - [Rational hand instrumentation in endodontics]. PMID- 3253769 TI - [Perspective of development of vaccines for HIV-infections (I)]. PMID- 3253770 TI - [Limitations of composites in posterior teeth: additional possible uses of glass ionomer cements (II)]. PMID- 3253771 TI - [Indirectly prepared inlay/onlay composite restoration (I)]. PMID- 3253772 TI - [Causes of failure of oral rehabilitation: biological and technical factors]. PMID- 3253773 TI - [Correction of anterior crossbite in deciduous teeth with fixed inclined planes (II)]. PMID- 3253774 TI - [Enamel fractures in crown margin region: scanning electron microscope study]. PMID- 3253775 TI - [Acromegaly--rare case in daily practice]. PMID- 3253776 TI - [Amalgam polishing in clinical test]. PMID- 3253778 TI - [Basic principles of dental surgery. Preparatory measures for operating (VIII)]. PMID- 3253779 TI - [What should the assistant know about the rubber dam? (II)]. PMID- 3253777 TI - [First clinical manifestation of HIV-infection]. PMID- 3253780 TI - [Orthodontic advice in preventive dentistry]. PMID- 3253781 TI - [Radiography--development and documentation (II)]. PMID- 3253782 TI - [Position of body hygiene and cleanliness in international comparison]. PMID- 3253783 TI - [Orthodontics in effective range of dental assistant (I)]. PMID- 3253784 TI - [Ceramic laminate]. PMID- 3253785 TI - [Orthodontic treatment in a dog]. PMID- 3253786 TI - [Rational model preparation with split model system (II)]. PMID- 3253787 TI - [Preparation of a bite record using a vacuum apparatus]. PMID- 3253788 TI - Induction of DNA double-strand breaks by ionizing radiation of different quality and their relevance for cell inactivation. PMID- 3253789 TI - [Biomathematical principles of the performance and evaluation of clinical trials]. PMID- 3253790 TI - [Results of percutaneous radiotherapy of prostatic cancer--results in 136 patients in Jena]. PMID- 3253791 TI - [The radiotherapeutic treatment of chronically relapsing, degenerative skeletal changes at the Oncology Clinic (Charite)]. PMID- 3253792 TI - Problems of radiation therapy in developing countries. PMID- 3253793 TI - [Quality assurance of dosimetric technics in radiology from the viewpoint of the user]. PMID- 3253794 TI - [Animal experimental studies of the supply of vitamins B1, B2 and B6 from a determination of erythrocytic transketolase, glutathione reductase and aspartate aminotransferase activities following irradiation]. PMID- 3253795 TI - Neuromorphometrical changes in cerebral cortex of Swiss albino mice during postnatal development under HTO-exposure. PMID- 3253796 TI - [Interstitial radiotherapy of thyroid cancer using 198Au-comizol]. PMID- 3253797 TI - [Scintigraphic control of bone metastases of prostatic cancer treated with cytonal and cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 3253798 TI - [Use of surgical methods in dermatology]. PMID- 3253799 TI - [Studies on the viscous-elastic properties of the skin in evaluating ointments to improve the elasticity of scars]. PMID- 3253800 TI - [Preventive removal of pigmented nevi: dermatologic and psychological indicators based on personal experience]. PMID- 3253802 TI - [Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in human semen]. PMID- 3253801 TI - [Is coexistence of lichen erythematosus and lichen planus a new nosologic entity?]. PMID- 3253803 TI - [Gonorrhea, Chlamydia infection, Trichomonas vaginitis and candidiasis in drug addicts. Second report]. PMID- 3253805 TI - [Biopsies: practical standards for correct technic]. PMID- 3253804 TI - [Contraceptive devices as a cause of urethritis]. PMID- 3253806 TI - [Provisional crowns. An economic, esthetic and functional technic for provisional fabrication]. PMID- 3253808 TI - [Treatment of A.N.U.G]. PMID- 3253807 TI - [Lesions of endodontic origin: development and treatment]. PMID- 3253809 TI - [A practical resource for immediate treatment of sinus communications]. PMID- 3253811 TI - [The A.O.A. library, a permanent challenge]. PMID- 3253810 TI - [Cosmetic dentistry with composite resin veneers fabricated in the dental laboratory. Clinical cases]. PMID- 3253812 TI - [Lateral condensation pressure and seal of endodontic obturation]. PMID- 3253813 TI - [Periodontal disease activity: current concepts and diagnosis (I)]. PMID- 3253815 TI - [Draft of safety standards for radiologic installations]. PMID- 3253814 TI - [Importance of the surgical phase in treatment with osseointegrated implants]. PMID- 3253816 TI - [Treatment of impacted teeth]. PMID- 3253817 TI - [Periodontal disease activity: current concepts and diagnosis (2)]. PMID- 3253819 TI - [Alarming statistics on dentistry]. PMID- 3253820 TI - [Awareness of occlusion in dental practice: 1. Operative dentistry]. PMID- 3253818 TI - [Drug treatment guidelines in chronic facial pain]. PMID- 3253821 TI - [The development of the dental crest in the upper maxillary arch]. PMID- 3253822 TI - [Onyxide 3300 mouthwash for control of bacterial plaque]. PMID- 3253823 TI - [Morphometric study of vascular and nuclear densities in albino rat gingiva]. PMID- 3253824 TI - [Growth of first molars]. PMID- 3253825 TI - [Treatment of gingival recession with free gingival grafts]. PMID- 3253826 TI - [Treatment of bruxism]. PMID- 3253827 TI - [Concern over teaching of orthodontics]. PMID- 3253828 TI - [AENOR, the science of dental materials and national standards]. PMID- 3253830 TI - [Pathomechanics of fractures of the scaphoid]. PMID- 3253829 TI - [Anatomy and physiology of the scaphoid]. PMID- 3253831 TI - [Classification of fractures of the carpal scaphoid. An anatomo-radiologic study of characteristics]. PMID- 3253832 TI - [Fractures and pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid. Combined bone and ligament lesions in fresh fractures. An anatomo-radiologic analysis]. PMID- 3253833 TI - [Fractures and pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid. Consequences for stability of the wrist and therapeutic implications]. PMID- 3253834 TI - [Fractures and pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid. Type II, III and IV fractures of the median section. Diagnosis, therapeutic indications and assessment of the results]. PMID- 3253835 TI - [Fractures and pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid. Type II, III and IV fractures of the median section. Orthopedic treatment: various possibilities and results]. PMID- 3253836 TI - [Fractures and pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid. Type II, III and IV fractures of the median section. Surgical treatment. The routes of approach and various osteosynthesis possibilities]. PMID- 3253837 TI - [Fractures and pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid. Type II, III and IV fractures of the median section. Results of dislocation fractures without ligament lesions]. PMID- 3253838 TI - [Fractures and pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid. Results concerning type II, III and IV fractures combined with ligament lesions (luxation or peri-lunate trans-scaphoid subluxation)]. PMID- 3253839 TI - [Fractures and pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid. The various stages of pseudarthrosis]. PMID- 3253840 TI - [Osteoarthritis of the wrist following pseudarthrosis of the scaphoid]. PMID- 3253842 TI - [Pseudarthroses with a necrotic proximal fragment and global radiocarpal osteoarthritis. Introduction]. PMID- 3253843 TI - [Partial and total arthroplasties in pseudarthroses of the scaphoid]. PMID- 3253841 TI - [Characteristics of the use of bone screws in pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid]. PMID- 3253845 TI - [Fractures and pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid in children]. PMID- 3253844 TI - [Value and limitations of the arthroplastic resection of the first row of the wrist bones in the advanced forms, stages IIIB and IV, of pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid]. PMID- 3253846 TI - [Treatment of lax arthrotic genu valgum using Debeyre's unicondylar osteotomy. A radioclinical study of 55 knees operated on more than 5 years ago]. AB - Seventy-five cases of degenerative arthritis of the knee with laxity (Ahlback grade III, IV and V) were treated by unicondylar osteotomies of the femur performed between 1967 and 1980. 64 have been reviewed after more than five year follow-up. Among them, nine had been re-operated on because of early complications when this technique was set up. The fifty-five remaining knees were reviewed after a nine year average follow-up. Despite the severity of the joint involvement forty-four were still improved by the osteotomy. The tightening of the collateral ligaments had suppressed the joint laxity. The subluxation of the lateral femoro-tibial joint was reduced and the joint space was enlarged. Eleven knees had deteriorated after five years, seven times in the lateral compartment, four times in the medial one. Five had to be re-operated on, due to functional worsening. Good results were observed when the obtained angle was situated between 3 degrees valgus and 10 degrees varus. A persisting valgus more than 4 degrees may lead to a recurrence. Hypercorrection led to a worsening of the medial femoro-tibial joint in two cases. The unicondylar femoral osteotomy is worth-while even in severe degenerative arthritis. The technique must be precise to avoid failures. It is indicated in cases of joint laxity, extra articular osteotomies being indicated when the laxity is absent. It should not be proposed over the age of 70 years to avoid a risk of stiffness. PMID- 3253848 TI - [Treatment of humeral diaphyseal fractures in adults using centro-medullary pinning. Operative technic and indications]. AB - The ascending intramedullary "pinning" technique is known for twenty-five years. Theoretically successful for the diaphyseal humeral fractures in adults, it appeared until now with some disadvantages which limited its use. By adding some modifications, the authors show that this technique is worthwhile in dislocation fractures in adults. PMID- 3253847 TI - [The peroperative isotopic location of osteoid osteomas and other lesions exhibiting increased uptake on scintigraphy]. AB - The technique, advantages and pitfalls of the isotopic localization and control during operation in orthopaedic surgery were evaluated throughout 28 interventions on lesions, which exhibited an increased uptake of a radioactive bone-seeker: the dimethyl-aminodiphosphonate, provisionally designated SF44 (Laboratoires Solabco, Coutras, France). For bone scanning, following the injection of this radiopharmaceutical that increased by 25% the lesion to normal bone ratio compared to the data for the diphosphonates in current use, the localization of lesions at surgical sites was carried out with the use of a sterilisable small radiation probe of a circular cross section 2 mm in diameter (Quartz et Silice, Paris, France). The probe was connected to a portable electronic device that converted the rates of radioactive disintegration into an acoustic signal, which increased with increasing radioactivity (Novelec, Meylan, France). The method was atraumatic and has proved to be useful at various times of the operation. More often, it was used to locate the lesion on the exposed bone. It enabled monitoring the progress of excisions and allowed to shorten their dimensions. The method was of great value at the end of the intervention for ensuring a complete excision as indicated by the lack of any residual focus of increased uptake detectable on the periphery of the operative site. Isotopic control during an operation is fully efficient to locate osteoid osteomas and other circumscribed lesions of the skeleton that give rise to an increased uptake of radioactivity. PMID- 3253849 TI - [Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: bilateral total arthroplasty of the hip]. AB - A brother and sister with spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia tarda developed severe premature osteoarthritis of the hips and were treated with bilateral hip replacement in young adult life. The clinical results are good and the radiographic evaluation showed no evidence of loosening at a mean follow-up of five years. PMID- 3253850 TI - [Fresh posterior luxation of the shoulder: irreducibility due to interposition of the long biceps. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of irreducibility of recent posterior dislocation of the shoulder due to interposition of the long biceps are reported. The diagnostic procedures, the lesions noted during surgery and the therapeutic approach are described in the light of data found in the relevant literature. PMID- 3253851 TI - Haematological and serum changes in goats experimentally intoxicated with sodium selenite. PMID- 3253852 TI - [Serology of Newcastle disease and salmonellosis (S. gallinarum-pullorum) in poultry from small country units in Togo]. PMID- 3253853 TI - [2 foci of contagious ecthyma in sheep and goats in Senegal]. PMID- 3253854 TI - [Dermatophilus congolensis dermatophilosis in cattle in the French West Indies. II. Susceptibility related to the animals]. PMID- 3253855 TI - Preliminary observations on bovine cutaneous nocardiosis and dermatophilosis in the subhumid climate of southern Nigeria. PMID- 3253857 TI - Drug resistance in recent isolates of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense. PMID- 3253856 TI - [Comparison of the pathogenicity of 3 Mycoplasma capricolum strains in adult and newborn goats]. PMID- 3253858 TI - The response of the Nigerian indigenous chicken (Gallus domesticus) to trypanosomes. PMID- 3253859 TI - [Digestive parasitism in traditional cattle breeding systems in Guadeloupe. II. A follow-up study on the infestation in several groups of calves]. PMID- 3253860 TI - Incidence of microfilaria in dogs in southern Nigeria. PMID- 3253861 TI - Fasciola gigantica: pathological and helminthological observations in experimental infection of Yankassa lambs. PMID- 3253862 TI - [Effect of natural infestation by Amblyomma variegatum ticks on the growth of Creole cattle and goats]. PMID- 3253863 TI - [15th anniversary of the postgraduate program in the strict sense]. PMID- 3253864 TI - [The intensive care unit patient and the perception of body hygiene care]. PMID- 3253865 TI - [Human leptospirosis--an infection in the residents of the Aricanduva River valley, the city of Sao Paulo, 1984-5. II. The serological aspects]. PMID- 3253867 TI - [Nursing history: its theoretical-practical understanding and utilization]. PMID- 3253866 TI - [The problems of intensive care unit patients: a comparative study between patients and nurses]. PMID- 3253868 TI - [Programs for the preparation of the nursing team: the phases implemented in practical hospitals by the School of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 3253870 TI - [Personal involvement and effective interaction in nursing]. PMID- 3253869 TI - [Nursing consultation for hypertension patients: the population profile and characterization of the care]. PMID- 3253871 TI - [The emotional reactions of the woman in the puerperium]. PMID- 3253872 TI - [Bone maturity of the hand and wrist and mandibular growth]. PMID- 3253873 TI - [Comparative study with the DMF index before and after beginning health education, in students in Sao Jose dos Campos, SP]. PMID- 3253874 TI - [Dental reimplantation technic. Treatment of traumatized teeth and clinical management of reimplantation]. PMID- 3253876 TI - [Topical application of antibiotics-aminoacids for healing in dorsal rat skin. Scanning electron microscope study]. PMID- 3253875 TI - [Composite resins in posterior teeth. Behavior of different types in Class I and II cavities]. PMID- 3253877 TI - [Bleaching of teeth using an Indiana University instrument]. PMID- 3253878 TI - [Retention and efficacy of sealants with topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride]. PMID- 3253879 TI - [Oral rehabilitation]. PMID- 3253880 TI - [Histologic study of pulp response to chemical agents used in cavity cleaning]. PMID- 3253881 TI - [Effects of radiation on repair of dental extraction wounds. Histological study in rats]. PMID- 3253882 TI - [The effects of dehydration on post extraction wound healing]. PMID- 3253883 TI - [Correlation between plaque index clinical criteria and histological condition of gingival tissues]. PMID- 3253884 TI - [Reproducibility of the Russell index of periodontal health]. PMID- 3253886 TI - [Survival in rats with Walker's tumor]. PMID- 3253885 TI - [Electromyographic analysis of masticatory muscles after fracture and dislocation of the zygomatic bone in the tufted capuchin (Cebus apella)]. PMID- 3253887 TI - [Incidence of dental caries in rats born to animals undergoing dehydration at the beginning and end of pregnancy]. PMID- 3253888 TI - [Dental absenteeism]. PMID- 3253889 TI - [An oral health program for preschool children in Araraquara, SP]. PMID- 3253890 TI - [Effect of calcium hydroxide based materials on experimentally exposed dental pulp of dogs]. PMID- 3253891 TI - [Effect of calcium hydroxide based pastes on experimentally exposed pulp of rat molars. Comparative histopathological study]. PMID- 3253892 TI - [Repair process in replanted teeth after chemical removal of periodontal root fibers]. PMID- 3253893 TI - [The irritative potential of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (Dakin's solution) in root canal therapy of dog's teeth]. PMID- 3253894 TI - [Systemic administration of sodium fluoride and first molar morphology in the rat (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Holtzman). Dimensional study in 2 generations]. PMID- 3253895 TI - [Comparative physiology and pathology of the epididymis. 5th meeting of the French-speaking Society of Andrology. Paris, 17-19 December 1987. Proceedings]. PMID- 3253896 TI - Quantitative ultrastructural analysis of the principal cells in the human epididymis. AB - A morphometric study of the principal epithelial cells of the epididymis has been carried out in six young adult men. Samples were taken in the head, body and tail of the epididymis and processed for ultrastructural study. The cytoplasm was subdivided into four zones. Their section areas were measured by planimetry and the volume density of cytoplasmic organelles assessed using the point-counting method. The general organization of the principal cells of the epididymis was identical along the duct. Quantitative analysis revealed that cells of the head contained significantly larger amounts of coated-vesicles and of Golgi saccules than the body and the tail. The functional implications of these results is important for the understanding of receptor-mediated endocytosis and protein synthesis in the different parts of the human epididymal duct. PMID- 3253897 TI - [Differential regulation of antagglutinin secretion in pig epididymis: an immunocytochemistry study]. AB - Antagglutinin, a specific protein synthesized by the boar epididymis, was localized in all the principal cells of the initial segment, of the caput and of the corpus but was not detectable in the caudal cells. Castration completely abolished the synthesis and secretion of antagglutin in all the epididymal cells. Androgen treatment led to (1) the restoration of antagglutinin secretion in the caput (middle and distal) and in the corpus, (2) the failure to restore the secretion in the initial segment and in the proximal caput and (3) the emergence of a new secretion of antagglutinin by the caudal cells. These results suggest that (1) antagglutinin is an androgen-dependent protein and (2) the epithelial cells from different segments have differential regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 3253898 TI - [Endocytosis of the androgen-binding-protein (ABP) by the principal cells of rat epididymis]. AB - The present study is based on the comparison between the radioautographic analysis of the fate of the androgen-binding protein purified from rat testes (HPLC) subsequently iodinated and injected into the epididymal lumen using a micromanipulator, and the biochemical analysis of the binding capacities of this molecule to soluble epididymal membrane extracts using HPLC and ultracentrifugation. The various experimental conditions used here allowed to demonstrate that ABP was internalized by the epididymal epithelium and to state that this internalization was not a non specific fluid phase endocytosis but a receptor-mediated-mechanism. Indeed, from a morphological stand point, the labeled ABP was associated rather with the membranes of the endocytic apparatus than with its content. In addition, from the two lumenal cell types able to resorb seminal fluid products, only the principal cells took up the labeled ABP. Our results clearly showed that this internalization was correlated with the presence of a 125I.ABP binding protein. Since the binding of this protein molecule to ABP was saturable and Calcium and pH dependent, it is strongly suggested that this molecule behaves as a receptor, the ligand (or one of the ligands) of which could be ABP. PMID- 3253899 TI - Characterization and hormonal regulation of tissue and fluid proteins in the mouse epididymis. AB - The proteins of epididymal tissues and fluids recovered from different regions of the mouse epididymis from a natural population and an inbred line were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Two epididymal specific peptides on the order of 88 and 20 Kilodaltons (Kd), undetected in serum and testicular extracts, were identified in the initial segment, caput, corpus and cauda. Another specific 30 Kd peptide was localized in the cauda tissue and fluid. Castration caused the disappearance of the three specific epididymal bands and of a non-specific 34 Kd band. In contrast, a new band appeared at 14.5 Kd. Testosterone propionate administration only restored the three specific epididymal bands and had no effect on the 14.5 peptide. Variations in the staining intensity of the four bands, which were suppressed in castrated animals, were observed after ductuli efferentes ligation. PMID- 3253900 TI - [Maturation of ram spermatozoa. Preliminary study of the flagellar movemnent characteristic of the transitory forms of the epididymal corpus]. AB - Mammalian spermatozoa acquire the ability to move forward during epididymal maturation and the corpus occurs as a critical region where all the patterns of movements can be observed: immature, 'erratic' and mature. The absence of coordination of the flagellar movement of the transitory forms provides a difference in the initiation sites and the waves propagation between the two sides of the axonema. The mechanisms that may be required to activate selectively the tubulin-dynein system on the two sides of the flagellum during the initiation of the movement of immature sperm in mammals are unknown. PMID- 3253901 TI - [Flagellar motility amd movement of boar spermatozoa during epididymal transit]. AB - The motility of boar spermatozoa during epididymal transit was analysed in vitro using various techniques. From the head to the cauda there was an increase of the percentage of motile and progressive spermatozoa. During maturation there was a progressive reduction of flagellar bend curvature while flagellar beat frequencies increased. A three dimensional pattern of flagellar beating responsible for cell rotation and straight line progression of spermatozoa was observed only in caudal epididymis. The addition of epididymal fluid protein to the media could increase the number of motile cells at the various levels but had no influence on the characteristics of flagellar bending. PMID- 3253902 TI - [Acetylcarnitine and spermatozoa: relationship with epididymal maturation and motility in the boar and man ]. AB - The level of carnitine and acetylcarnitine in spermatozoa of boar epididymal origin and of human ejaculates was demonstrated. In the epididymal fluid of boars, the concentration of carnitine (nmol/mg protein) began to increase from 20 in the distal caput to rise progressively to 700 in the distal cauda. By contrast, the carnitine content of spermatozoa only started to increase in the proximal cauda where the concentration of carnitine in the fluid was 200-300 nmol/mg protein, then gradually increased in spermatozoa from more distal sites. The increase in the acetylcarnitine content of spermatozoa paralleled that of the carnitine amount, represented 50% of total carnitine (carnitine + acetylcarnitine) and coincided with the acquisition of progressive motility. In two populations of human seminal spermatozoa selected by migration and characterised by a very large difference in their percentage of progressively motile cells, higher carnitine and acetylcarnitine contents (40%) were found in migrated spermatozoa compared to the residual population. These results suggest that accumulation of carnitine and its metabolite may be an important factor in the acquisition and the maintenance of progressive motility. Measurement of acetylcarnitine content of human seminal spermatozoa could be used as a marker of epididymal maturation. PMID- 3253903 TI - Early effects of gossypol on the testis and epididymis in the rat. AB - In a previous study we showed that the administration of gossypol to rats for 34 days caused 2 types of modification of the epididymis: (1) the secretion of carnitine and inositol were reduced in the fluid, (2) the spermatozoa lost their motility and showed major morphological changes (head-flagella dissociation). We wished to clarify the early effects of gossypol on the epididymis. Sprague Dawley adult rats (350 g) were forced fed with gossypol at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for 17 days. After sacrifice, the motility of spermatozoa from the cauda of the epididymis was measured and the morphology of spermatozoa from the caput of the epididymis quantified following electron microscopic examination. Carnitine, inositol and potassium were assayed in the epididymal fluid. No abnormalities of spermatozoa (motility, count, morphology, ultrastructural examination) were observed in the cauda of the epididymis. In contrast, a high percentage (63%) of spermatozoa from the caput of the epididymis were altered (vacuolization and lysis of mitochondria). Biochemical analysis of the fluid revealed no differences between treated animals and controls. Thus it appeared therefore, that after 17 days of gossypol administration, the only abnormality detected in the epididymis involved the spermatozoa from the caput. It is therefore probable that the motility disorders seen in spermatozoa from the cauda of the epididymis at 34 days cannot be explained by alterations of the secretion of fluid but rather by earlier direct lesions of testicular spermatids and/or of spermatozoa from the caput of the epididymis. PMID- 3253904 TI - [Epididymal oligospermia]. AB - Only when a patient presents a situation of azoospermia with normal hormonal assays the attention is focussed on the epididymis and in all other cases testicular damage is automatically suspected. However, there are many instances where oligospermia cannot be explained and where the testicular biopsy shows vigourous spermatogenesis. Detection of difficulties in epididymal transit is a new differential diagnosis of oligoasthenospermia. The delicate structure of the epididymis can be destroyed by infections that in extreme cases do cause complete obstructions but much more frequently lead to sub-total blocks. The diagnosis is made by comparing ejaculates with testicular biopsies and their very meticulous quantitative reading. A good selection of cases can lead to microsurgical repair of epididymal damage and significant improvement of sperm quality. PMID- 3253905 TI - [Epididymal diseases and repercussions on testicular function]. AB - The epididymis is the target of different infections that interfere first with the physiological capacity of the organ and furthermore with the transit of spermatozoa. Epididymal blocks do interfere with testicular function in about 20% of the cases. According to the pathological agents epididymal blocks will be located either in the initial segments of the epididymis (tuberculosis) or in the lower segments of the organ (gonococcus) or they can interfere with the total structure (chlamydia). Epididymal blocks can be either complete or incomplete and the transit difficulties create lesions of the tubules due to progressive rupture and secondary fibrosis. PMID- 3253906 TI - [In vivo and in vitro fertilizing ability of immature human epididymal spermatozoa]. AB - In cases of congenital absence of vas deferens (9 patients) or after failure of previous epididymovasostomy (2 patients), in vitro fertilization (IVF) was attempted with spermatozoa surgically obtained at the epididymal caput level. These sperm populations showed little progressive motility (5.9 +/- 6.5%) and an marked necrozoospermia (19.3 +/- 17.4%). Stimulation by caffeine (4.5 mM) alone or associated with heterologue normal seminal fluid resulted in most of the cases in an initiation of motility with an improvement of the progressive velocity. In 9 IVF attempts, 31 mature oocytes were inseminated with 5.10(3) to 1.5.10(6) motile spermatozoa. The dynamic characteristics in 3 inseminated sperm populations were Vp (24.2 +/- 8.3 microns/s), Ah (8.6 +/- 2.0 microns) at room temperature. Sperm binding to zona pellucida was decreased (0 to about 20 spermatozoa per oocyte) and there was no fertilization. In the same period, 21 attempts of intra uterine insemination and 14 attempts of intracervical inseminations were made in 5 couples who remained infertile after patent high epididymovasostomy (4) or vasovasostomy (1) and having immature spermatozoa stimulated as previously described. Antisperm antibodies were detected on the ejaculated spermatozoa in four men. No pregnancy was obtained with these immature stimulated spermatozoa. The fertility of the female partners was confirmed in 3 women after insemination with donor sperm. PMID- 3253907 TI - [Histoenzymatic changes in infantile diarrheal disease]. PMID- 3253908 TI - [Advances in antibiotic therapy and acute diarrheal disease]. PMID- 3253909 TI - [Antibiotics in the therapy and prevention of bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 3253910 TI - [Antibiotic therapy in obstetrical infections]. PMID- 3253911 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic aspects in surgery-related septic shock]. PMID- 3253912 TI - [The possibilities for the bacteriology laboratory in guiding antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 3253913 TI - [Acute viral gastroenteropathy]. PMID- 3253914 TI - [Abbreviations--cytostatic chemotherapy protocols]. PMID- 3253915 TI - Pirenzepine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. PMID- 3253917 TI - [Cardiac volume in chronic anemia]. PMID- 3253916 TI - [Cerebral vasospasm. The cerebral arterial spasm of subarachnoid hemorrhage--a new hemodynamic dimension]. PMID- 3253918 TI - [Motivational and affective relations in infant and juvenile misbehavior states]. PMID- 3253919 TI - [The significance of psychological exploration in a rehabilitative program for severely handicapped children at a clinic for chronic patients]. PMID- 3253920 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of the snapping hip]. PMID- 3253921 TI - [Multiple primary digestive cancers]. PMID- 3253923 TI - [Experimental research on the evolution of a preserved homologous dura mater graft in posterior scleral consolidation]. PMID- 3253922 TI - Patterns of the morbillivirus immunity in some residents from high-risk areas for multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3253924 TI - [Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase in rat erythrocytes and liver with -SH group reagents]. PMID- 3253925 TI - [Herpes zoster and its stomatologic aspects]. PMID- 3253926 TI - [Sex chromosome anomalies in a selected group of 725 patients]. PMID- 3253927 TI - [Production of ophthalmic lamellae with collagen]. PMID- 3253928 TI - [The value of prazosin treatment in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3253929 TI - [Cytostatic polychemotherapy protocols. I. Neoplasms of the cervicofacial area]. PMID- 3253930 TI - [Massive hematuria of bladder origin]. PMID- 3253932 TI - [The progressive traditions of Iasi medical scholars]. PMID- 3253931 TI - [The veins of the heart. V. The branches of the coronary sinus]. PMID- 3253933 TI - [The allergenic response to antibiotics]. PMID- 3253934 TI - [Academic profile of the allergist]. PMID- 3253935 TI - [Allergy to penicillin. Observations on patients with clinical and immunologic discordance treated with beta lactams]. PMID- 3253936 TI - [Pulmonary eosinophilia and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3253937 TI - [Standardization and characterization of allergenic extracts]. PMID- 3253938 TI - [Asthma in children; treatment by a non-specialist physician]. PMID- 3253939 TI - [Rhinomanometry, mucociliary function and nasal cytology in the evaluation of hot air]. PMID- 3253940 TI - [Skin tests of diagnostic help in penicillin allergy]. PMID- 3253941 TI - [Histamine and other amines present in food]. PMID- 3253942 TI - [Presence of histamine in canned fish]. PMID- 3253943 TI - [Nitrate and nitrite levels in the milk and formulas for infants and children]. PMID- 3253944 TI - [Arsenic in food and its transformation in the environment]. PMID- 3253945 TI - [Characteristics of nutrition in social welfare homes and in hospitals]. PMID- 3253946 TI - [Evaluation of diets by the computerized diet analysis system]. PMID- 3253947 TI - [Study of teratogenic effect of yeast used in animal feed]. PMID- 3253948 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of detection of coagulase-positive staphylococci in milk in 3 liquid media]. PMID- 3253949 TI - [Effect of the conditions of premultiplication and selective multiplication of bacteria on the effectiveness of isolation of Salmonella in food]. PMID- 3253950 TI - [Subchronic toxicity of oxytetracycline (OTC) and the products of its thermal degradation after oral administration]. PMID- 3253951 TI - [Conditions of home environment and the way of life of schoolchildren]. PMID- 3253952 TI - [Classification of malignant lymphomas with regard to classification of skin lymphomas as applied to our patients]. PMID- 3253953 TI - [Causes of death in patients with laryngeal carcinoma (clinico-pathologic study)]. PMID- 3253954 TI - [Working with visual displays and the eye]. PMID- 3253955 TI - [Experience with intraocular correction of aphakia using the Fjodorov-Zakharov lenses]. PMID- 3253956 TI - [The carotid-cavernous fistula. Clinical study and comments on the results]. PMID- 3253957 TI - [Circulating immunocomplexes in relation to immunoglobulin G levels and ALT and AST aminotransferases in the serum of children with chronic hepatitis. Longitudinal study]. PMID- 3253958 TI - [Double aortic arch in children--possibilities of echocardiography]. PMID- 3253959 TI - Control and long-term inhibition of foetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia with a cardioselective beta-receptor blocker administered to the mother. PMID- 3253960 TI - Premenstrual syndrome and oral contraceptives of different character. PMID- 3253961 TI - Usefulness of ketoconazole (Nizoral) in the treatment of androgenization symptoms in women suffering concurrently from candidiasis or dermatomycosis. PMID- 3253962 TI - The treatment of burns with a topical spray. PMID- 3253963 TI - Examination of Motilium in the prevention of gastro-intestinal side-effects of different drugs used in pulmonology. PMID- 3253964 TI - Dopamine antagonist domperidone (Motilium) in everyday clinical practice. PMID- 3253966 TI - Experience with an enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay for the quantitation of urinary desmosine. AB - An enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay has been set up for the quantitation of the elastin crosslink desmosine. With the assay desmosine could be detected in the range 0.01-10 ng (the amount is corresponding to 0.4-400 ng/ml) in standard solutions. One hundred percent crossreactivity with isodesmosine was found. The low titer rabbit antiserum used in this inhibition immunoassay was less suitable for the measurement of desmosine in urinary hydrolysates, because a number of unknown urinary substances interfered with the measurement. Interfering substances could not be removed completely with a column purification method. Future research is needed to determine the applicability of the higher titer anti desmosine antiserum from a second rabbit. PMID- 3253965 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone on the development of embryonic chick duodenum- transmission electron microscope studies. AB - The effect of hydrocortisone on morphological changes in developing chick embryo was observed by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistologically with antiserum of actin. The morphological changes were more remarkable in the hydrocortisone-dosed 19th day embryonic duodenum. This hormone caused increase in the height and length of microvilli in absorptive epithelial cells. The development of organella such as Mitochondria, Golgi's apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum in the absorptive epithelial cells were enhanced. Injection of this hormone also induced an increase in microfilamentus bundles in the microvilli of absorptive epithelial cells. These morphological features of hydrocortisone-dosed 19th day embryonic duodenum indicated similar ones to the chicken at the stage of normal just hatching or 1st day after hatching. These results strongly support the previous suggestion that hydrocortisone may be one of the important factors regulating normal development in chick embryonic duodenum and may exert a major influence on the rapid growth and maturation of absorptive epithelial cells. PMID- 3253967 TI - [Comparison of the accuracy of reproduction of various registrations on determination of the relation of jaw]. PMID- 3253968 TI - [Experience during a one year study at the Gondar College of Medical Sciences in Ethiopia]. PMID- 3253970 TI - [Periodontal status of workers exposed to sulphide of carbon at a large chemical plant]. PMID- 3253969 TI - [Problems of extraction of 6-year molars within the framework of orthodontic treatment and consideration of caries prevention]. PMID- 3253971 TI - [Measurements of tooth mobility following flap operation]. PMID- 3253973 TI - [Experimental study of surface treatment of dental amalgams. II: Elemental analysis of the surface of different amalgams]. PMID- 3253972 TI - [Clinical and roentgenologic examinations after direct pulp capping]. PMID- 3253974 TI - [Caries protective effect of polished amalgam fillings]. PMID- 3253975 TI - [Epidemiologic studies on the state of the masticatory organ in students]. PMID- 3253976 TI - [Need for regular recall for preservation of teeth]. PMID- 3253977 TI - [Ossifying fibroma of the jaw bone]. PMID- 3253978 TI - [Vital microscopy in periodontal diagnosis]. PMID- 3253979 TI - [Acute retrograde pulpitis in molar with four roots. An interesting case]. PMID- 3253980 TI - [Clinical experience in caries monitoring in connection with management of early caries]. PMID- 3253981 TI - [Tooth enamel surface picture obtained by relief method in workers exposed to fluorine]. PMID- 3253982 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the amalgam restorations for Class I and Class II cavities. I: Influence of localization, size, age and polishing of fillings as well as patient age and oral hygiene on the quality of restorations]. PMID- 3253983 TI - [Closing of gaps of front teeth in children and youth by implants of DIAKOR bioceramics]. PMID- 3253985 TI - [How motivated are our patients?]. PMID- 3253984 TI - [Introduction of personal computers in dentistry for children. 1: Recording of dates of dental examination]. PMID- 3253986 TI - [Vermilionectomy with open transplantation of the mucosa]. PMID- 3253987 TI - [Possibility of exposure time check in the dental x-ray examination]. PMID- 3253988 TI - [Significance of stomatological index cards for identification of unknown dead]. PMID- 3253989 TI - Development and degeneration of retina in rds mutant mice: altered disc shedding pattern in the albino heterozygotes and its relation to light exposure. AB - The number of phagosomes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of normal albino mice, maintained in cyclic light, is highest at the time of onset of light. The number declines to the lowest level around the start of the dark period. If the dark period is prolonged, the pattern of shedding remains cyclic but the phagosome count is higher than normal. If the light period is prolonged the phagosome count remains low and the rise to the peak is delayed. The number of phagosomes in the RPE of albino rds/+ mice, maintained in cyclic light, peaks to higher than normal level and the peak is recorded near the end of the light period. If the dark period is prolonged the phagosome count in the RPE of rds/+ mice remains lower than in the similarly treated normal mice. The phagosome count in the RPE of rds/+ mice, exposed to a prolonged light period, remains higher than in the similarly treated normal mice. In both normal and rds/+ mice, born and reared in total darkness, the pattern of disc shedding is very different but the rds/+ mice show a relatively higher frequency of phagosomes in the RPE than the normal mice. The phagosomes in the rds/+ RPE are larger than normal. An increase in size appears to correspond with increased rate of shedding in the rds/+ mice and to a lesser extent also in normal mice. Thus, the pattern of disc shedding in the albino rds/+ mice, which is different from the normal albino mice, also shows a different reaction to changes in the environmental light. PMID- 3253990 TI - Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurons in visual cortical area V3A of the macaque monkey. AB - Response properties of neurons in V3A were studied at a retinal eccentricity of 2 4 deg. The distributions of spatial frequency bandwidths and orientation bandwidths were similar to those of neurons in V1. Peaks of spatial frequency tuning curves ranged from 0.35 to 8.0 c/deg with a mean of 1.75 c/deg. Most V3A cells showed lowpass or, less often, broad bandpass temporal frequency selectivity. The mean direction selectivity index was 0.41. The response properties of cells in V3A differed most from those in V1 with respect to the larger receptive field widths in V3A averaging about 4 deg, the consequent larger number of cycles of the preferred grating that fall within the receptive field, and the previously reported profound response suppression incurred when patches of the preferred grating are extended both within and beyond the classical receptive field. The response properties of cells in V3A differed most from those in V3 in that V3A neurons are much less selective to the speed and direction of stimulus motion than are neurons in V3. The overall response properties of cells in V3A are consistent with anatomical evidence that places this cortical area in the visual pathway from V3A to V4 and then to IT. PMID- 3253991 TI - Spatial phase dependence and the role of motion detection in monocular and dichoptic forward masking. AB - Contrast thresholds for briefly flashed gratings were measured by the QUEST procedure, under conditions of forward masking by gratings of the same spatial frequency (usually 1 c/deg). Low-contrast masks reduced threshold at short onset asynchronies (0 to 50 msec), while higher contrasts raised threshold over a broader temporal range (0 to 100-140 msec). Both effects depended on the spatial phase relation, but in different ways. Threshold reduction at 0- +/- 90 deg phases probably arises from spatio-temporal filtering by direction-selective mechanisms. This conclusion was supported by computer simulation of a motion detector model. The direction-selective stage of motion analysis may be entirely monocular, since facilitation at 90 deg was abolished by dichoptic presentation. Threshold elevation was phase-dependent at short SOA's (20-50 msec), with a minimum at +/- 90 deg, but was not phase-dependent at longer SOA's (70-140 msec). In-phase masking (0 deg) was about equally strong monocularly and dichoptically, but dichoptic threshold elevation showed no phase-dependence at any SOA. Threshold elevation at longer SOA's, and with dichoptic presentation, may reflect a purely suppressive binocular masking effect, unselective for spatial phase, and its basis may be the same as contrast adaptation. At short SOA's, monocular and binocular masking data apparently reflect a mixture of this phase-independent suppression and phase-selective facilitation. PMID- 3253992 TI - Visual sensitivity to temporal change in focus and its relevance to the accommodation response. AB - Measurements were made of the ability of observers, whose accommodation had been paralysed, to detect the small changes in contrast resulting from sinusoidal, oscillatory changes in the dioptric focus of test objects, as a function of the mean position of focus. Variables studied included the form and wavelength composition of the test object, the diameter of the entrance pupil of the eye and the temporal frequency of the focus change. The dioptric amplitudes of the thresholds found (approximately 0.1 D) were comparable with the normally observed amplitudes of the microfluctuations of the accommodation system of the eye. A maximum for the threshold change of focus was found to occur about a mean position of focus corresponding to the nominal "best-focus". Two threshold minima occurred symmetrically on either side of this position of optimal mean focus; the positions of these minima depended on the spatial frequency content of the test object and the pupil diameter. The results are interpreted in terms of the corresponding through-focus changes in optical modulation transfer of the eye and data on the sensitivity of the visual system to spatial and temporal modulation. For sinusoidal grating test objects, it appears that the results can qualitatively be explained if it is assumed that the detectable focus change is such that the ratio of the modulation change in the retinal image, produced by the focus change, to the modulation at the mean position of focus is constant. Results for targets of broad spatial bandwidth suggest that sensitivity to focus change may be dominated by spatial frequency components approximately 5 c/deg. The implications of the data for the understanding of the accommodation control system are briefly considered. PMID- 3253993 TI - Speed and accuracy of 3D interpretation of linear stereograms. AB - Stereograms belonging to 10 different textural types were constructed. Each stereogram represented five hemi-ellipsoids, either as bumps or hollows (+, -) and elongated either along the horizontal, or the vertical direction (H, V). The ease with which these stereograms could be interpreted was tested on 70 subjects. The two criteria of speed and accuracy were correlated. The main factors contributing to the ease of interpretation, in the case of the +/- character were: (i) diversity in the orientations of the matching stimuli; (ii) other factors reducing matching ambiguity; (iii) the presence of discontinuous elements; and, to a much lesser extent (iv) the presence of monocular cues. The last two factors exerted a stronger influence on the appreciation of the H-V character. Of the four kinds of objects, the H- and V+ hemi-ellipsoids appeared to be the least and the most error-prone ones respectively. The results further suggest that: (i) stereoscopic interpretation does not proceed from small to large disparities; (ii) the edge detectors of the visual cortex, when activated, speed up interpretation, but are easily saturated; (iii) large surfaces are reconstructed by correlation of horizontal rather than vertical patches. PMID- 3253994 TI - Aging, senile miosis and spatial contrast sensitivity at low luminance. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine how aging affects spatial contrast sensitivity at low light levels and to examine whether senile miosis, which reduces retinal illuminance in the aged eye, underlies any observed sensitivity loss. Contrast thresholds for targets having a range of spatial frequencies were measured in young (n = 13, M age = 24) and older (n = 11, M age = 73) adults who were free from identifiable ocular pathology. Measurements were carried out at three luminance levels spanning a three log unit range. Results indicated that older adults' loss in contrast sensitivity not only increased with increasing spatial frequency, but also became more pronounced with decreases in luminance level. Additional threshold measurements where pupil diameter was varied indicated that senile miosis was not responsible for older adults' loss in spatial vision at any level tested. Rather, older adults' miotic pupil tended to have a positive effect on their spatial vision in that it slightly improved their contrast sensitivity. PMID- 3253995 TI - Temporal summation functions for detection of sine-wave gratings in young and older adults. AB - Temporal summation functions for 0.416 and 7.5 c/deg sinusoidal gratings were measured in young and old observers in order to test the hypothesis of a shift in sensitivity from "transient" to "sustained" channels in the aging visual system. Results failed to support the transient-shift hypothesis. Additional tests showed no age-related changes in temporal summation even within a single channel. When all observers were refracted for the test distance and matched for retinal illuminance, no age-related differences in contrast sensitivity were found. PMID- 3253996 TI - Time course of the subjective contrast enhancement for a second stimulus in successively paired above-threshold transient forms: perceptual retouch instead of forward masking. AB - Subjects estimated apparent contrast of an invariant test stimulus (the letter H), exposed either after an inducing stimulus (from the set of 12 alternatives) with SOAs varying from 20 to 290 msec, or alone (a control condition). With inducing stimuli, at certain SOAs the subjective contrast of the TS was enhanced relative to single-stimulus control. This enhancement appeared as a curvilinear function of SOA with the most pronounced enhancement at SOA = 110 msec. The effect was present also if the Ss had to recognize the inducing, backward-masked stimulus (the recognition function being U-shaped). The enhancement effect increased with increase in the intensity-level of the inducer. The separate functions for the conditions of inducing letters of high and low figural similarity with TS were coinciding, thus pointing to the nonspecific nature of the obtained effect within the given spatial constraints (1 deg of the visual angle). A small forward masking effect present with SOAs less than or equal to 40 msec was rapidly replaced by the enhancement with increase in SOA. The results are discussed in terms of the visual masking theories and the hypothetical perceptual retouch mechanism. PMID- 3253997 TI - A hand optometer for measuring dark focus. AB - To measure the accommodative state of the eye in a stimulus free condition, the so called dark focus, a simple optometer was constructed based on the principle of the polarized vernier optometer originally proposed by Moses (1971). Data obtained with this hand optometer were compared with those of two other subjective techniques, the polarized vernier optometer and the laser optometer, we were found to be similar. The advantage of this hand optometer is that it is a convenient device that allows one to measure the dark focus within minutes, under normal room lighting. PMID- 3253998 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3253999 TI - [Usefulness of computerized tomography in the diagnosis and observation of the dynamics of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3254000 TI - [Acute pancreatitis--autopsy versus clinical studies]. PMID- 3254001 TI - [Acute pancreatitis of biliary origin as an indication for emergency endoscopic sphincterotomy]. PMID- 3254002 TI - [When and how to treat surgically the patients with severe hemorrhagic-necrotic pancreatitis?]. PMID- 3254003 TI - [Schizophrenia--multiplicity or unity?]. PMID- 3254004 TI - [Orofacial dyskinesias: prevention and therapy of habits]. PMID- 3254006 TI - [Early treatment of children with cleft-lip-palate-jaw]. PMID- 3254005 TI - [Orthodontics: start of treatment and length of treatment]. PMID- 3254007 TI - [Modern standards at the edge of civilization]. PMID- 3254008 TI - [Practice management and assistants]. PMID- 3254009 TI - Effects of various oxygen concentrations on antioxidant enzymes and the quantity of tissue phospholipid fatty acids in the carp. AB - Analyses were made of the phsopholipid fatty acids and the antioxidant enzymes in the carp (Cyprinus carpio morpha) at three different oxygen concentrations, corresponding to hyperoxia, hypoxia and anoxia. Variations of the oxygen concentration were found to influence the quantities of phsopholipid fatty acids, as well as the antioxidant enzyme activities. In hyperoxia and hypoxia the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in carp liver was higher than in anoxia, but in other tissues there was no significant differences. As to the antioxidant enzyme system, the glutathione peroxidase activity and the lipid peroxidation value increased significantly with decrease of the oxygen concentration, while the total superoxide dismutase activity decreased on lowering of the oxygen level. PMID- 3254010 TI - Aggravation of cholesterol induced hyperlipidemia by chronic vitamin C deficiency: experimental study in guinea pigs. AB - Chronic vitamin C deficiency was induced in guinea pigs by restricting their vitamin C intake to 0.5 mg daily. This was just sufficient to prevent rapidly fatal scurvy and 55 per cent of the animals survived. In 16 weeks their serum ascorbic acid (SAA) fell to 0.16 +/- 0.06 mg/dl as compared to 0.73 +/- 0.11 in control animals receiving 5 mg vitamin C daily. There was a marked increase in serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipids. HDL-cholesterol was, however, decreased resulting in a shift of the LDL/HDL ratio from 1.13 +/- 0.16 in the control to 5.91 +/- 1.70 in the low vitamin C group. Cholesterol feeding (100 mg/day) by itself lowered the SAA significantly, besides producing hyperlipidemia. When the vitamin C intake was reduced to only 0.5 mg/day, the effects of cholesterol feeding were exaggerated; the magnitude of hyperlipidemia was now significantly greater than with simple cholesterol feeding. The LDL/HDL ratio rose to 19.02 +/- 3.32 from 1.13 +/- 0.16 in the normal guinea pigs. Chronic vitamin C deficiency seems to affect the blood lipid profile unfavourably which could promote atherogenesis. PMID- 3254011 TI - Effect of heavy metals on the growth of tissue cultures (II). AB - The effect of toxic concentrations of three heavy metal compounds on the growth of the secondary callus tissue of Nicotiana tabacum L. and Ruta graveolens L. was studied. The metal compounds examined were ZnSO4, NiSO4, CuSO4. The metal compounds used were placed in Murashige, Skoog (1962) and White (1943) culture medium at 10(-6) and 10(-4) M concentration, respectively, before autoclaving. The culture media containing macro- and microelements and vitamins were completed with carbon source and regulators (IAA, GA, kinetin for Nicotiana and IAA, 2, 4-D for Ruta). The cultures were kept for 4 weeks at 25 (+2) degrees C under 16/8 n light/dark conditions. The value of pH was 5.6 before the autoclave treatment. The increase in fresh weight of the secondary callus tissue was inhibited by the metal compounds applied with both plant species (to 75-87% by zinc, 7-97% by nickel, 5-98% by copper with tobacco; to 47-69% by zinc, 5-88% by nickel, 57-90% by copper with rue). The cell number and dry weight per g of callus tissue partly increased, partly decreased compared to the control in response to the heavy metal treatment. The growth values obtained with various concentrations of the heavy metals were different in the two plant species due to differences in metabolism and organization potential between them. PMID- 3254012 TI - Accumulation of cadmium by plants of Zawar Mines, Rajasthan, India. AB - Several plants of the Zawar Zinc Deposits of Rajasthan (India) accumulate very high levels of cadmium. The maximum concentration namely 420 micrograms g-1 was found in the stems of Crotalaria linifolia. Some other cadmium accumulators with the concentration of the metal in microgram g-1 are Impatients balsamina (380), Dyerophytum indicum (282) and Melhania futteyporensis (245). The sequence of cadmium accumulation in different organs of the same plant species was roots greater than stems greater than leaves. Cadmium levels in the leaves of Celosia argentea, Crotalaria linifolia, Impatiens balsamina and Triumfetta pentandra showed a significant (linear) plant-soil relationship. The respective biological absorption coefficients (BAC - concentration of the element in the plant divided by concentration of the same element in the substrate) for these plants were 2.74, 4.13, 5.49 and 4.65. PMID- 3254013 TI - Multiple regression analysis of twin data: etiology of deviant scores versus individual differences. AB - The multiple regression analysis of twin data in which a cotwin's score is predicted from a proband's score and the coefficient of relationship (the basic model) provides a statistically powerful test of genetic etiology. When an augmented model that also contains an interaction term is fitted to the same data set, direct estimates of heritability (h2) and the proportion of variance due to shared environmental influences (c2) are obtained. A simple transformation of selected twin data prior to regression analysis facilitates direct estimates of h2g (an index of the extent to which the difference between the mean of probands and that of the unselected population is heritable) and a test of the hypothesis that the etiology of deviant scores differs from that of variation within the normal range. PMID- 3254014 TI - Characteristics of participants and nonparticipants in the NHLBI Twin Study. AB - The NHLBI Twin Study is a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in 514 pairs of white, middle aged, male, veteran twins. The initial examination took place between 1969-1973. Ten years later, 81% of the living cohort returned for a second examination. Data collected up to 30 years prior to recruitment for the initial examination were used to characterize participants and nonparticipants; data from the initial examination were used to characterize returnees and nonreturnees to the second examination. Participants had significantly lower diastolic blood pressure and higher socioeconomic status than nonparticipants as measured thirty years earlier. Between the first and second examinations, the mortality of participants was less than 50% of the mortality of nonparticipants. Returnees to the second examination had a better health profile at the initial examination than nonreturnees, with significantly lower levels of cigarette smoking, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and diabetes and higher levels of pulmonary function. However, returnees were more obese than nonreturnees. Thus, this study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in twins appears to be affected by response bias in a way similar to studies of individuals. Additional analyses of biases that may affect the genetic component of the study indicated that factors related to classical twin analyses were relatively unaffected by selection. PMID- 3254015 TI - Twin study: relationship between birth weight, zygosity, placentation, and pathologic placental changes. AB - We examined the placentas of 182 like-sexed live-born twins: 73 placentas (40.1%) were monochorionic and 109 (59.9%) were dichorionic. All twin pairs with monochorionic placentas were monozygotic (MZ), but 28.9% of pairs with dichorionic placentas were MZ. Analysis of birth weights demonstrated that dichorionic and dizygotic (DZ) twins were heaviest, and suggested that the chorion status is a more important determinant of birth weight than zygosity. Vascular anastomoses were identified only in monochorionic placentas and occurred in 79.5% of cases. All placentas with deep anastomoses had superficial anastomoses. A higher proportion of velamentous and marginal insertions of the umbilical cord in monochorionic placentas (27.4%) compared to dichorionic placentas (13.8%) supports the belief that lateral placental growth is greatest in twin gestations in which the embryos are initially most closely apposed--The theory of trophotropism. PMID- 3254016 TI - Temperament and neonatal risk in full-term and preterm combined vaginal/cesarean section twin pairs. AB - Ten pairs of full-term and 8 pairs of preterm twins from combined vaginal and Cesarean section deliveries were evaluated on measures of neonatal temperament, developmental status, and integrity to determine if the Cesarean-delivered infant was compromised relative to its vaginally-delivered twin. There were no significant differences, within groups, between the vaginal and Cesarean section infants on measures of risk and developmental status. Analyses of variance of paired comparisons performed on the temperament measures indicated that, for the full-term group, there were no significant differences in ratings between vaginally and Cesarean-delivered infants. In contrast, preterm infants delivered by Cesarean section were more active during sleep than their vaginally-delivered cotwins. This finding, together with previous findings demonstrating a relation between this measure and temperament at 9, 18, and 24 months of age, suggested that the preterm Cesarean-delivered infant may be at risk in this area when compared with its twin. In the main, however, the results demonstrated that infants born by Cesarean section following vaginal delivery of their twins were not more compromised than their twin siblings. PMID- 3254017 TI - The end of reproductive life in mothers of twins: epidemiologic analysis of a large data base. AB - A case-control study was conducted on the termination of menstrual life on mothers of twins. It involves a much larger data base and finer analyses, and makes use of the same methodology of a previous study. The time interval between the twin and the last confinement proved to be shorter in twin-bearing mothers than in a matched set of controls with singletons only after blocking of the effect of birth order, and despite the similarity of maternal age at delivery and confinements numbers. Mothers of like-sex twins only appeared to terminate reproductive life earlier than controls. The separate study of maternal age at twin confinement shows that the earlier the twin birth the shorter the menstrual life thereafter. Both like-sex twin births and early maternal age at delivery of a twin pair have the same shortening effect on subsequent menstrual life without clear evidence of additivity of effects as if both occurrences were alternatives with similar biological effects. Comparison of the results of the current study with those of our earlier analysis shows consistency on above results. However, the current study could not reproduce previous results on the role of unlike-sex twins or late maternal age at delivery on time to last confinement; yet, they cannot be discarded. It is suggested that increased power of interaction analyses and tighter matching of controls with respect to sex might improve the conclusions of subsequent studies. PMID- 3254019 TI - Frequency of triplets and triplet zygosity types among U.S. births, 1964. AB - The frequency of triplets in the U.S. white population may have reached an all time low around 1964, at 78 sets per million deliveries. One-fourth of those were monozygotic as estimated by the difference method, or 18% by Bulmer's theoretical model. By 1983 the frequency of triplets had nearly doubled, the increase presumably occurring in dizygotic and trizygotic types. In Belgium most triplet pregnancies now result from artificial induction of ovulation, which is expected to occur mainly in older mothers. In the U.S., however, triplets have increased as much in young mothers as in older mothers, proportionally. This age distribution of the increase may be partly explained by a decrease in parity in older mothers since 1964. PMID- 3254018 TI - Height of women, twinning and breast cancer: epidemiological evidence of a relationship. AB - A comparison was made of the stature of women, twinning rates, and breast cancer mortality for 32 countries. As height increased, so did twinning and breast cancer mortality (P less than 0.005). Dizygotic twinning and breast cancer increased sharply with the mean height of the female population. With due caution in drawing causal inferences when uncontrolled confounding variables are present, it is suggested that these findings are an evolutionary consequence of the high mortality found in twin pregnancy. PMID- 3254020 TI - U.S. regional changes in twinning rates. AB - The rise in twinning rates previously reported for U.S. between 1964 and 1987 after adjustment for maternal age and birth order occurred in each of the nine conventional geographic divisions except the Pacific States. Differences and consistencies in rank order among the divisions with respect to crude and adjusted twinning rates and other demographic parameters may hold clues to yet unidentified influences in twinning. PMID- 3254022 TI - Perinatal mortality in twins, Australia, 1973-1980: II. Maternal age, lethal congenital malformations and sex. AB - The influence of maternal age and congenital malformations on perinatal mortality in twins in Australia from 1973 to 1980, is described. Stillbirths and neonatal deaths in twins fell with advancing maternal age. For teenage mothers, the twin perinatal mortality rate was 127.15/1,000. The sex ratio in twins is closer to unity than in singletons. Perinatal mortality due to malformation fell as maternal age increased up to 35 years. The role of zygosity and the distribution of birth weight with maternal age are discussed. PMID- 3254021 TI - Perinatal mortality in twins, Australia, 1973-1980: I. AB - The perinatal outcome of twin births in Australia is described from 1973 to 1980. Over that period, the perinatal mortality rate declined more slowly in twins than singletons. The stillbirth rate actually increased in twins due to a rise in antepartum deaths. An increasing proportion of monozygotic twins may have contributed to this trend. The overall perinatal mortality rate was 82.85/1,000 for twins and 16.49/1,000 for singletons, giving a relative risk of 5.0. PMID- 3254023 TI - Perinatal mortality in multiple pregnancy patients. AB - A study of perinatal mortality in multiple pregnancy over a period of 12 years, 1972 to 1984, showed prematurity and low birthweight as the major causes of fetal loss. The highest risk was found at 28 to 30 weeks gestation (306/1,000). There was a significantly greater risk to babies delivered by the breech (136/1,000), and likewise in the second twin when compared with the first, ratio 1:14. A significant drop in the perinatal mortality rate, from 98/1,000 to 39/1,000, was observed between 1972-1978 and 1979-1984. Ultrasound has facilitated the earlier diagnosis of twins and provides more accurate serial fetal assessment. Bedrest, more vigilant antenatal care, intrapartum surveillance and improved neonatal care, are required to maintain and further reduce the perinatal mortality rate. When regional analgesia was employed in labour, the number of babies lost was 41/1,000, vs 93/1,000 in patients not receiving regional analgesia. External cephalic version and vertex delivery of the second twin is preferable to internal version and breech extraction. It should also be contemplated, as an alternative to elective cesarean section for a transverse lie or breech presentation of the second fetus. PMID- 3254024 TI - Conjoined twins in Japan, 1979-1985. AB - Nation-wide data in Japan on the 112 sets of conjoined twins from fetal deaths and from postnatal deaths during 1979-1985 were analysed. Female conjoined twins accounted for 60% of cases. The incidence rate of conjoined twins remained constant except in 1985. Overall incidence rate was 10 per million births. Maternal age effect was found in mothers over the age of 40, where the highest incidence rate was obtained. The incidence rate of conjoined twins increased with birth order. There was no seasonal variation in the time of conception. PMID- 3254026 TI - 5th International Symposium on Growth and Growth Disorders. Proceedings of a meeting. Berlin (West), 8-9 April 1988. PMID- 3254025 TI - New case of an EEC-like syndrome in twins. AB - A patient wrongly referred as a possible victim of thalidomide showed the three classical cardinal features of the EEC syndrome, plus severe mental retardation, an unusual finding in this condition. His twin brother was similarly affected, and died at four months of age due to complications caused by the malformations. Their normal parents were first cousins. The concordance of the manifestation in the twins and the parents' consanguinity suggest that they had the recessive form of the EEC syndrome. PMID- 3254027 TI - Urinary IGF-I measurement and its clinical application. AB - Immunoreactive and receptor-reactive IGF-I was found to be present in human urine; 30% of the IGF-I immunoreactivity in urine was in its free form and the remainder was a high molecular weight form (approximately 40,000 MW). Urinary IGF I was quantified by radioimmunoassay after extraction by Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, a method that measures only the free form of IGF-I. Daily (24-hour) urinary IGF-I excretion was measured in 3 hypopituitary children and 16 short normal children. The IGF-I level in the 24-hour urine samples correlated with the plasma IGF-I level and the mean 24-hour plasma GH concentration. The mean 24-hour plasma GH concentration, however, correlated better with the GH level in the 24-hour urine samples and the plasma IGF-I level than with the urinary IGF-I value. The mean IGF-I levels in single urine samples from normal subjects lay between those from patients with acromegaly (which were high) and those from patients with hypopituitarism (which were low). There were overlaps, however, in individual values between the normal and hypopituitary patients. These data indicate that urinary IGF-I values are altered by the GH secretion state, though the clinical application of urinary IGF-I measurement may be limited. PMID- 3254029 TI - Surgical correction of short stature. AB - The aim of surgical orthopaedics in short stature is to increase overall height and improve body proportions. It is particularly applicable to lower limb lengthening in achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, Turner's syndrome and Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Two methods are routinely used in Verona: chondrodiatasis and callotasis. Although simultaneous lengthening of tibia and femur of the same limb have generally been employed, recent efforts have concentrated on simultaneous lengthening of one femur and the contralateral tibia. Lengthening of up to 20-25 cm can now be achieved, with a complication rate below 20%. PMID- 3254028 TI - Age, sex and growth hormone dependent changes in urinary IGF-I. PMID- 3254030 TI - Variations in duration of pubertal growth: a mechanism compensating for differences in timing of puberty and minimizing their effects on final height. Belgian Study Group for Paediatric Endocrinology. AB - It is unclear how important age at onset of puberty is for adult stature. The growth effects of differences in timing of puberty have been studied on a bone age basis in 22 hypopituitary boys and on a chronological age basis in male subjects with early, normal or delayed onset of puberty. Very early onset of puberty results in short adult stature. This is because a marked reduction of prepubertal height gain is only partially compensated for by an increase in pubertal height gain. In contrast, very late onset of puberty determines no increase or a minor increase in adult stature. This results from a reduction in pubertal height gain, counterbalancing the increased prepubertal height gain. Differences in duration of growth are the major factor accounting for the different height gains observed in relation to timing of puberty, while mean growth rate shows only minor changes. The differences in duration of pubertal growth are paralleled by differences in the rate of bone maturation, which therefore do not account for differences in duration of puberty. It is concluded that, except in severely precocious puberty, manipulation of the timing of puberty is unlikely to affect final height to any great extent. PMID- 3254031 TI - Treatment of hypopituitarism with recombinant somatropin for 1 year. AB - Twenty-five hypopituitary patients were treated with recombinant somatropin for 1 year at a dosage of 0.5 IU/kg/week. In previously untreated patients (n = 16), heights increased by between 4.5 and 10.2 cm, with a mean height velocity of 7.7 +/- 1.8 cm/year (mean +/- SD). In previously treated patients (n = 9), heights increased by between 3.9 and 7.6 cm, with a mean height velocity of 5.8 +/- 1.0 cm/year, similar to that observed during previous treatment with pituitary GH. Anti-GH antibodies were observed in two patients at a low titre. The antibodies disappeared in one patient during the treatment. These data indicate that recombinant somatropin has a growth promoting effect and low immunogenicity. PMID- 3254033 TI - Analysis of linear growth during puberty. AB - Linear growth was analysed in 438 boys and 483 girls aged from 6 years to 17 years. Annual records of each subject were fitted by using a cubic spline function. Parameters characterizing the growth process, such as peak height velocity (PHV), age at PHV, and age at onset of the pubertal growth spurt (PGS), were calculated directly from the estimated curves. The mean age at PHV was 11.2 years in girls and 13.0 years in boys. The mean PHV was 8.7 cm/year in girls and 10.3 cm/year in boys. Age at PHV showed a significant negative correlation with PHV and total pubertal gain, and a significant positive correlation with height at onset of the PGS, age at onset of the PGS and height at PHV. When subjects were divided into three groups (early, average and late pubertal maturation) according to the age at PHV, no significant difference in mean final height was seen between these groups, though a significant difference in height was observed at 6 years of age. When the results were adjusted for the difference in height at 6 years, the age at PHV showed a significant positive correlation with final height. It is concluded that age at PHV influences the final height. PMID- 3254032 TI - Recombinant somatropin in treatment of growth hormone deficient children in Sweden and Finland. AB - A total of 23 previously untreated and 28 previously treated GH deficient children were included for at least 12 months in a trial of recombinant somatropin, 0.1 IU/kg/day given by subcutaneous injection. All the children increased their height velocity over the pretreatment values, to nearly 11 cm/year, corresponding to a significant increase in height of 1 SD score for chronological age. The increase in height SD score for bone age was also statistically significant. No adverse effects were recorded, though one child experienced local itching and redness at the injection site which did not recur after a short cessation of therapy. One child developed detectable antibodies to recombinant somatropin, but the binding capacity was low and no clinical symptoms or growth attenuation occurred. Recombinant somatropin was shown to be safe and effective during the first year of therapy in children with GH deficiency. PMID- 3254034 TI - Time series analysis in endocrinology. AB - Many hormones are secreted in pulses or oscillations. If deductions about amplitude or frequency of these oscillations are to be made, then the oscillatory attributes must be analysed. The method of doing this is known as time series analysis. Samples for such analysis need to be properly spaced, taken for a sufficient period of time and de-trended. The techniques of pulse counting, autocorrelation or Fourier transformation may then be applied to demonstrate dominant features in groups of subjects. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. PMID- 3254035 TI - [Method of GC determination and pharmacokinetics of sophoridine in rabbits]. PMID- 3254036 TI - [Synthesis and quantum chemical calculation of 4-heteroaryl-mono/di aminomethylphenol derivatives]. PMID- 3254037 TI - [The structure and absolute configuration of vertaline B isolated from Veratrum taliense Lose. f]. PMID- 3254038 TI - [Studies of chemical constituents of Manis pentadactyla]. PMID- 3254039 TI - [Studies on the chemical components of Viscum coloratum. III. Structure of viscumneoside III, V and VI]. PMID- 3254040 TI - [Studies on TLC-scanning determination of alkaloids in the Chinese drug qinjiao (Gentiana macrophylla)]. PMID- 3254041 TI - [HPLC determination of bergenin in Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Sav. and Bergenia purpurascens (Hook. F. et Thoms.) Engl]. PMID- 3254042 TI - [Studies on mutarotation and anomeric conversion of dihydroqinghaosu]. PMID- 3254043 TI - [Application of the derivative linear regression method of multiwavelength data to the simultaneous determination of amidopyrine and caffeine in compound amidopyrine and caffeine tablets]. PMID- 3254045 TI - [Distribution and excretion of 3H-pyronaridine in mice]. PMID- 3254044 TI - [Studies on the controlled release of acetaminophen from coated granules]. PMID- 3254047 TI - [Studies on rapid propagation of Dendrobium candum in vitro]. PMID- 3254046 TI - [Effect of rifandin on the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone in rabbits determined by reversed phase HPLC]. PMID- 3254048 TI - Histopathology of the immune system. The life history, organization, and interactions of its cell populations. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Lymphatic Tissues and Germinal Centers in Immune Reactions. August 10-14, 1987, Oslo, Norway. PMID- 3254049 TI - Morphological diversity of DRC-1 positive cells: human follicular dendritic cells and their relatives. AB - Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and their relatives of the human tonsils and lymph nodes were immunoelectron microscopically analyzed with a monoclonal antibody DRC-1 (DAKO) in a combination with an enzymatic isolation technique. DRC 1+ cells were largely grouped into three type A (large mono- to multinucleated, sea anemone-fashioned, bearing labyrinth structures, in germinal center), type B (oligodendritic or stellate, medium-sized, in the corona and the primary follicle) and type C (individually located, medium-sized. lymphoid cell fashioned, outside follicles). Type C were found in hyperplastic lymphoid tissue as well as in some granulation tissue. The DRC-1+ mononuclear cells were curiously encountered in the peripheral blood of some autoimmune disease patients in contrast with no identification in healthy persons. Furthermore some DRC-1+ cells obtained from autoimmune patient were confirmed to proliferate in culture. PMID- 3254050 TI - Identification of alkaline phosphatase positive cells in human germinal centres as follicular dendritic cells. PMID- 3254051 TI - Transport of immune complexes from the subcapsular sinus into the lymph node follicles of the rat. PMID- 3254052 TI - Changes in the germinal centre and lymphocytic corona after peritoneal inflammation. PMID- 3254053 TI - The cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of the rat thymus. PMID- 3254054 TI - Thymus homing and reconstitution in split dose irradiated preleukemic mice. PMID- 3254055 TI - Mast cell response to tumor graft. PMID- 3254056 TI - The target cells for rat NK cells among allogeneic bone marrow cells. PMID- 3254057 TI - Are lymphokine activated killer cells a possible form of leukaemia immunotherapy? PMID- 3254058 TI - Blood leukocyte natural killer activity as an early diagnostic indicator of leukaemic relapse. PMID- 3254059 TI - Proliferation of large granular lymphocytes in the rat. PMID- 3254060 TI - Establishment of lymph node derived endothelial cell lines which show lymphoid cell binding. PMID- 3254061 TI - Regulation of functional and morphological aspects of high endothelium in mouse. PMID- 3254062 TI - Xenogeneic lymphocyte migration in the foetal lamb and unsuckled neonatal piglet: evidence for the evolutionary conservation and heterogeneity of migration determinants. PMID- 3254063 TI - HEV development and trypsin-inhibitable localization of lymphocytes in the reaction to intradermal PHA: a receptor-dependent immigration and possible model for peripheral CMI reactions? PMID- 3254064 TI - The physiological role of the lung in lymphocyte migration. PMID- 3254065 TI - Microvasculature of the sheep thymus. PMID- 3254067 TI - Direct transdiaphragmatic traffic of peritoneal macrophages to the lung. PMID- 3254066 TI - Localization, isolation and histochemical characterization of macrophages in the gut and mesenteric lymph nodes of the rat. PMID- 3254068 TI - Quantification and class distribution of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in mucosal tissues of the chicken. PMID- 3254069 TI - Induction of a combined mucosal and systemic anti-ovalbumin response. PMID- 3254070 TI - Differential expression of epithelial MHC class II determinants (HLA-DR, -DP, and -DQ) and increased class I expression in inflamed salivary glands. PMID- 3254071 TI - Bacterial characteristics and follicle surface structure: their roles in Peyer's patch uptake and transport of Vibrio cholerae. PMID- 3254072 TI - Mucosal priming alters pathogenesis of Rift Valley fever. PMID- 3254073 TI - Lymphoid dendritic cells in rheumatoid tissue and normal blood--characteristics and functions. PMID- 3254074 TI - Expression and function of MHC class II antigens on macrophages and dendritic cells. PMID- 3254075 TI - Age-dependence of lymphocyte production in Peyer's patch follicles in contrast to the other Peyer's patch compartments and the thymus. PMID- 3254076 TI - Intestinal uptake of carrageenan: distribution and effects on humoral immune competence. PMID- 3254077 TI - Morphological studies on mitogen and antigen presentation by human and rabbit cells. PMID- 3254078 TI - In vitro infection of human epidermal Langerhans cells with HIV. PMID- 3254079 TI - Postpartal ovarian function in dairy cows kept on different feeding regimes. PMID- 3254080 TI - Ovarian activity after the first calving in cows reared under different farm conditions. PMID- 3254081 TI - Comparative studies on the antibacterial defence mechanism of volatile fatty acids in five animal species. PMID- 3254082 TI - Diagnostic value of mammalian, avian and johnin PPD tuberculins in cattle herds infected by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. PMID- 3254083 TI - A new, simple aerosol immunization technique against Newcastle disease. PMID- 3254084 TI - Local activation of the monocyte-macrophage system in experimental contact dermatitis of the guinea pig. PMID- 3254085 TI - Electrophoretic study of laying hens' serum by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 3254086 TI - Study of the metabolism and excretion of T-2 toxin, a trichothecene fusariotoxin, in rabbits. PMID- 3254088 TI - Electron microscopy of Eimeria bakuensis (syn. E. ovina): macrogametogony and oocyst wall formation. PMID- 3254087 TI - Macrocyclic trichothecene toxins produced by Stachybotrys atra. PMID- 3254089 TI - Efficacy of fumagillin against Myxidium giardi Cepede, 1906 infection of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla): new observations on myxidiosis of imported glass eels. PMID- 3254090 TI - Protein polymorphism of some amphistomes and their host tissue. PMID- 3254091 TI - Disposition kinetics and dosage regimen of 2-formyl 1-methyl pyridinium oxime (2 PAM) in heifers. PMID- 3254092 TI - Protein-induced changes in the response of plasma cortisol of lambs to heat stress. PMID- 3254093 TI - Studies on the virulence of pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PMV-1). II. Mechanism of the virulence increase of pigeon PMV-1. PMID- 3254094 TI - Boerhaave's syndrome: spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus. AB - A review of nine patients with spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus is presented. All patients had mediastinal or pleural air or fluid on x-ray, but a diagnostic error was made in five of them leading to postponed treatment and a fatal outcome from mediastinitis. Of the remaining four patients two recovered and left hospital while another two died of vascular and respiratory complications. Clinical signs and treatment are discussed and early diagnosis emphasized in order to reduce the high mortality. PMID- 3254095 TI - Effect of pancreatitis on the absorption of contrast medium from the pancreatic duct. AB - The absorption of contrast medium (CM) from the pancreatic duct into blood and lymph was studied in piglets with oedematous (n = 5), haemorrhagic (n = 6) and chronic (n = 7) pancreatitis. Six healthy animals served as controls. In piglets with oedematous pancreatitis, lymphatic absorption was found to be delayed, whereas venous absorption remained almost normal. Haemorrhagic pancreatitis severely delayed both venous and lymphatic absorption, due to microvascular damage. CM absorption was also delayed in chronic pancreatitis. Absorption from the pancreatic interstitium was rapid in healthy and oedematously inflamed pancreas. The slow absorption during haemorrhagic pancreatitis means that the parenchyma is exposed to the effects of CM for a longer period. PMID- 3254096 TI - Periappendicitis and diagnostic consequences. AB - A ten year series of 2660 appendicectomies revealed the microscopic diagnosis to be periappendicitis in 50 cases (1, 9%). In 7 cases the appendicectomy was incidental. Of the remaining 43 patients 21 had salpingitis, 15 had other intraperitoneal inflammation, and in 7 cases no obvious explanation could be found. Peroperatively, periappendicitis was suspected in 3 of the 43 cases, in 18 patients the appendix was judged to be normal and in 17 inflamed. It is important to be aware of the existence of periappendicitis as it often produces signs of intraperitoneal inflammation. PMID- 3254097 TI - Chest injuries. A review of 195 patients. AB - A retrospective analysis is presented of 195 consecutive patients with chest trauma, hospitalized from 1976 to 1984 at the Institute of Pathology and Surgery of the University of Cagliari. The most frequent causes were traffic accidents. In 11 patients the trauma was penetrating while 184 presented with blunt trauma. Conservative treatment was performed in 106, pleural drainage or thoracentesis in 29, and surgery in 60. Early osteosynthesis was performed in the 22 patients with flail chest and in 15 with multiple depressed fractures. Total mortality was 4.1%, and 13.6% in patients with flail chest. All deaths were associated with significant extrathoracic injuries. PMID- 3254098 TI - Austin Moore replacement hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fractures of the elderly. AB - 162 femoral neck fractures were treated with Moore endoprostheses. Primary mortality was eight per cent, and after an average of seven years postoperatively 25 per cent of the patients were alive. Complications were recorded in 22 cases. Nine of the patients underwent a further operation. Thirty-one patients participated in a clinical follow-up study and eight patients answered a subjective questionnaire. Two hips showed excellent, eight good, ten fair and twenty-two hips poor results. The use of hemiendoprosthetic replacement should be reserved for displaced fractures and for patients with a short life expectancy. In cases of even initial osteoarthritis primary total hip arthroplasty should be performed if an endoprosthetic replacement is considered. PMID- 3254099 TI - An alternative treatment for anastomotic leakage after oesophageal resection. AB - An alternative non-operative method for treatment for anastomotic leakage after oesophageal resection is presented. A mediastinal abscess cavity was drained by an ordinary nasogastric tube introduced via the nose through the anastomotic defect and into the cavity. PMID- 3254100 TI - A study of the hypouricaemic effect of tiaprofenic acid. AB - Tiaprofenic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which also has hypouriceamic effect. Studies involving 10 healthy volunteers were designed to investigate the mode of this effect. We postulate that the site of action of tiaprofenic acid is at the cell membrane, the mechanism being an interference with the transport of uric acid from intra- to extra-cellular fluid thus limiting its passage into the plasma. The same mechanism acting on renal tubular cells impedes reabsorption thereby increasing uric acid clearance. PMID- 3254101 TI - Neuroblastoma--when are urinary catecholamines and their metabolites 'normal'? AB - The overproduction of catecholamines and their metabolites is a well recognised feature of neuroblastoma. Published data are scarce for their urinary excretion in children with neuroblastoma and in ill children in whom this diagnosis may be considered. We have determined a graphical upper reference limit for total catecholamines, total metadrenalines and HMMA in urine, expressed as a ratio to the creatinine concentration, for a group of 174 children with neuroblastoma and 704 hospitalised children with other disorders. This graph has been determined by examining the overlap region between the results for the two groups of children and avoids the irregularities caused by statistical outliers. The sensitivity and specificity of the individual tests indicate that total catecholamines is marginally the best single test to perform when trying to diagnose neuroblastoma, with the best clinical sensitivity being achieved by examining both total catecholamines and HMMA. Only two of the 174 children with neuroblastoma would not have been detected using these two tests. Total metadrenalines did not appear to add any further information and could be dropped from the repertoire in favour of the other two measurements. PMID- 3254103 TI - Variability of capillary plasma glucose in healthy individuals in repeated 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests. AB - A series of ten 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests was carried out on each of 14 apparently healthy subjects. The analytical, intra-individual and interindividual components of variation were calculated by nested ANOVA following duplicate analyses of capillary plasma glucose under optimal conditions. The analyses met the objectively set analytical goal of CV less than or equal to 2.2%. There was considerable intra-individual variation, but no subject was ever classified as diabetic or having impaired glucose tolerance. Recent criteria for interpretation of results must be used since conventional population-based reference values are not adequate. Serial results from an individual must differ by more than 0.7 mmol/L for fasting specimens and at least 1.6 mmol/L for other specimens for a statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) change to have occurred. PMID- 3254102 TI - Long-term performance of the fructosamine assay. AB - We have investigated the long-term performance of the fructosamine assay based on secondary glycated protein standards and attempted to define the interpretation of varying degrees of increase in fructosamine concentration in comparison to haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) values both in insulin dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) diabetic patients. Between-batch imprecision of fructosamine over 5 months was (CV) 2.5% at 2.09 mmol/L, 2.8% at 3.52 mmol/L and 3.6% at 4.14 mmol/L. Variation of fructosamine concentration in vivo in stable diabetic patients monitored over 8-18 weeks was 2.3% to 7.1%. Fructosamine correlated with HbA1 both in IDDM (n = 110, r = 0.701, P less than 0.001) and NIDDM (n = 71, r = 0.764, P less than 0.001). Specificity and sensitivity of fructosamine for the prediction of degree of control assessed on the basis of HbA1 level (cut-off point for good vs. poor control, HbA1 = 10%) was determined. In NIDDM, specificity above 90% was achieved at a fructosamine concentration of 3.4 mmol/L with a corresponding sensitivity of 64.1%. 22.5% of patients were classified differently on the basis of fructosamine as compared to HbA1. In IDDM, specificity over 90% was achieved at 3.8% mmol/L fructosamine with a sensitivity of 35%. Discordancy rate between HbA1 and fructosamine based assessment of control was 31.8%. The assessment of diabetic control based on fructosamine may be different from that based on HbA1, particularly in IDDM. Fructosamine and HbA1 should be used as complementary rather than alternative tests. PMID- 3254104 TI - Interference by pro-apolipoprotein A-I in apolipoprotein E phenotyping using chemical precipitation procedures. AB - Lipoproteins of density, d less than 1.063, isolated by polyanion-cation precipitation methods, gave isoelectric focussing patterns of apolipoprotein E isoforms by rod-gel electrophoresis which differed from the corresponding patterns obtained from ultracentrifugally-derived very low density lipoproteins. The differences were sporadic and variable but the most common effect was an increased frequency of the E3 isoform. Two-dimensional analyses involving sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis against anti-apolipoprotein A-I indicated that contamination of precipitated lipoproteins with pro-apolipoprotein A-I was responsible for this phenomenon. It is suggested that two-dimensional techniques should be applied for definitive phenotyping if precipitated lipoproteins are used as source material. PMID- 3254105 TI - Clinical and laboratory evaluation of a two-site immunoradiometric assay for intact parathyroid hormone. AB - The analytical performance and clinical utility of a direct immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for intact 1-84 human parathyroid hormone (PTH) was evaluated. The assay is available commercially (Allegro intact PTH, Nichols Institute) and utilises two affinity purified region-specific antisera against either 1-34 (radiolabelled antibody) or 39-84 (solid phase antibody) human PTH. High assay sensitivity (detection limit, 1.4 pg 1-84 PTH/mL) permitted the measurement of PTH in all normocalcaemic individuals studied. Elevated results were obtained in all patients (21 studied) with histologically proven primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and 34 out of 35 patients with presumptive PHPT. Thirteen out of 24 patients with non-parathyroid hypercalcaemia had suppressed results, but the remainder had concentrations within the reference range. PMID- 3254106 TI - A non-extraction HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of serum paracetamol and salicylate. AB - A direct injection HPLC method for the sumultaneous measurement of serum paracetamol and salicylate is described using a Pinkerton internal surface reversed-phase column with benzoic acid as internal standard. The method is linear to at least 1000 mg/L for both drugs and shows good precision at levels of 62-500 mg/L. None of the drugs tested for interference affected the quantitation of either drug. In patient samples, the values obtained with this method correlated well with those from enzymatic paracetamol and Trinder salicylate methods. PMID- 3254107 TI - Maternal serum neurone specific enolase in the diagnosis of anencephaly and other neural tube defects. PMID- 3254108 TI - Tea consumption and serum lipids in a Libyan population in Benghazi. AB - Libyan subjects are known to consume large amounts of tea. There are reports that consumption of tea is associated with a reduction in serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. In the present study an attempt has been made to study the effects of tea consumption on 604 local Libyan subjects at Benghazi. The study groups were divided into younger (20-40 years) and older age (41-65 years) groups. It was observed that there was a negative association between tea consumption and serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. It appears that tea consumption may be an independent factor influencing serum lipid levels. PMID- 3254109 TI - Some effects on light scattering intensity and red blood cell size distribution histograms due to sphering. AB - At present most haematology blood cell analysers routinely provide red blood cell (RBC) size distribution histograms. Sophisticated improvements of the instruments have re-awakened interest in the study of size histograms. The quantitative information derived from the histograms may be applied more fruitfully if insight is available, with respect to some essential principles of sizing technology and methods for treatment of RBCs before measurement. In this study the consequences of sphering RBCs are investigated in relation to the generation of size distribution histograms by means of methods based on light scattering intensity (LSI). Sphering of RBCs results in considerably narrower histograms than upsphered RBCs. The overall signal to noise ratio increases and there is a broader gap between large platelets and microcytic RBCs. Narrower size distribution ranges will enable closer modes to be separated. Compared to unsphered RBCs, microcytic sphered RBCs yield increased LSI whereas macrocytic sphered RBCs yield decreased LSI. PMID- 3254110 TI - Evaluation of red blood cell size distribution histograms: the fraction of microcytes. AB - A method is described for the assessment of the fraction of microcytes from the red blood cell (RBC) size distribution histogram. For quantification of the fraction of microcytes an upper threshold corresponding with a RBC volume of 70 fL is established. The reference interval for the fraction of microcytes covers a range from 0.01 to 0.09. In order to examine the relationship between the fraction of microcytes and the mean cell volume (MCV) values computer simulation studies were performed. The computer simulations are based on a Gaussian distributed reference RBC histogram as generated on a Technicon H 6000/H 601 Hematology Analyser. From our studies it is shown that determination of the fraction of microcytes yields a higher sensitivity than MCV values for detecting small populations of microcytes. In particular, measurement of the fraction of microcytes is very sensitive to minor changes in the MCV values if a normocytic RBC population combined with a microcytic RBC fraction shows a wide dispersion in their cell volumes. PMID- 3254111 TI - An intra-erythrocytic low molecular weight lead-binding protein in acute and chronic lead exposure and its possible protective role in lead toxicity. AB - A low-molecular-weight protein was measured in erythrocytes from workers with chronic and recent lead exposure, with and without clinical lead toxicity, and from a group of control subjects not exposed to undue environmental lead. The protein was detected in all the workers, but in significantly smaller amounts in those with symptoms, and was absent from controls. The synthesis of the protein is induced at blood lead concentrations above 1.9 mumol/L, but is reduced in workers susceptible to clinical lead toxicity at blood lead concentrations below 4.0 mumol/L. The activity of the red blood cell dithiothreitol (DTT)--activated 5 aminolaevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) was correlated with the concentration of the low-molecular-weight protein, with both being particularly low in the symptomatic workers. Previous studies have shown that the protein binds lead. By sequestrating excess lead into a non-toxic form, the protein may have a protective role in preventing clinical, and reducing biochemical, lead toxicity. PMID- 3254112 TI - The evaluation of erythrocyte thiamin diphosphate as an indicator of thiamin status in man, and its comparison with erythrocyte transketolase activity measurements. AB - HPLC measurement of the major physiological form of thiamin, thiamin diphosphate, in erythrocytes (ETDP) has been assessed as an indicator of thiamin status and compared with erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKA) before and after activation with exogenous thiamin diphosphate (TDP effect). The comparison was made by following the response of the parameters to incubation of erythrocytes with thiamin and by measurements in alcoholic, elderly and student groups. All parameters were responsive to the thiamin content of their environment, but ETDP was at least as sensitive as TDP effect and more sensitive than ETKA in reflecting thiamin uptake and utilisation by erythrocytes. There was a better correlation between ETDP and ETKA than between ETDP and TDP effect. All the groups showed a significant positive correlation between ETDP and ETKA, but only the elderly and the alcoholic groups showed a significant negative correlation between ETDP and TDP effect. The lack of correlation between ETDP and TDP effect in the student group may be due to the relative imprecision of TDP effect measurements at the lower end of the reference range. ETDP is more stable than ETKA in frozen erythrocytes, is easier to standardise and is not affected by various factors which can influence the enzyme assay. Measurement of ETDP is, therefore, recommended for first line assessment of thiamin status. PMID- 3254114 TI - Use and abuse of the Toxi-Lab TLC system. PMID- 3254113 TI - Erythrocyte hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity in a Chinese family with acute intermittent porphyria. PMID- 3254115 TI - [The sphincter muscle of the iris in conditions of altered development of the eye]. PMID- 3254116 TI - [Structure and origin of the glans of the clitoris]. PMID- 3254117 TI - [Non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN)]. PMID- 3254118 TI - Subtypes of the Gc gene (vitamin D binding protein) in the Polish population. AB - Gc subtypes were analyzed by isoelectric focusing on thin-layer polyacrylamide gel. In the sample of the Polish population including 278 persons, six Gc phenotypes were encountered: 1S, 1F-1S, 1F, 2-1S, 2-1F, 2 with the following frequencies: 0.342, 0.151, 0.014, 0.360, 0.072 and 0.061. Frequency of Gc1S was 0.597, Gc1F - 0.126 and Gc2 - 0.277. It was shown that a group system of the Gc protein in the Polish population was in good agreement with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. PMID- 3254119 TI - Phagocytic and bactericidal properties of macrophages of mice immunized with outer membrane proteins (OMP) of Shigella. AB - Macrophages obtained from peritoneal exudates of mice immunized with the single doses (1 and 5 micrograms) of OMP were shown to have stronger phagocytic as well as bactericidal properties in relation to Shigella flexneri bacilli than nonactivated macrophages. Macrophages from the animals immunized with 10, 20 and 30 micrograms OMP doses showed phagocytic and bactericidal properties similar to those of nonactivated macrophages while the immunization with the dose 50 micrograms resulted in their suppression. Likewise, activity of macrophages from mice immunized twice or three times with various doses of OMP did not differ much from that obtained after immunization with single OMP doses. On the other hand, immunization of mice with a sublethal dose of live Shigella flexneri did not activate either phagocytic or bactericidal properties of macrophages. Besides, phagocytic and bactericidal activity of macrophages of mice immunized with OMP of Shigella was determined in relation to Salmonella typhimurium. The doses 1 and 5 micrograms of OMP resulted in slight activation of macrophages which manifested itself by a little increase in their phagocytic and bactericidal ability. When used in the dose 10 micrograms, OMP remained without any effect on the above activity of macrophages. Only the dose 50 micrograms, slightly suppressed their phagocytic properties. PMID- 3254120 TI - Outer membrane protein composition of Hafnia alvei. AB - The outer membrane proteins (OMP) obtained from 33 strains of Hafnia of different origin, were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. About 21 protein bands could be distinguished in OMP of each strain. The major proteins of the outer membrane were of apparent molecular weight 34.000 (34K), 37.000 (37K), 39.000 (39K) and 41.000 (41K). On the basis of the electrophoregrams obtained, four groups of strains possessing different composition of major OMP were distinguished: (1) 34K and 37K, (2) 34K, 37K and 39K, (3) 34K, 37K and 41K, (4) 34K, 39K and 41K. The major OMP of 34K present in all strains examined was susceptible to proteolytic enzymes and was found to be heat modifiable. The remaining major OMP of 37K, 39K and 41K were identified as peptidoglycan associated proteins. PMID- 3254121 TI - Antigenic characteristics of erythropoietin dependent and independent erythroid progenitors (BFU-E and CFU-E) in polycythaemia vera and idiopathic myelofibrosis defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - The antigenic characteristics of erythropoietin (Ep) dependent and independent ("endogenous") erythroid progenitor cells (BFU-E and CFU-E) from patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (MF) were studied using 9 selected murine monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) in a complement dependent cytotoxicity assay followed by culture in methyl cellulose. McAbs L343 (HLA-DR antigen) S3-13 and S17-25 reacted with about 50% of BFU-E in MF and PV. In contrast HLA-DR antigens were not presented on CFU-E. McAbs R1.B19, WHGS29.1, PMN29 and PM81 recognized the antigens on less than 25% of BFU-E and CFU-E. The reactivity of Ep-dependent and Ep-independent BFU-E and CFU-E was similar with the majority of McAbs. However, McAbs S4-7 and VIM-2 reacted with a higher proportion of Ep-independent BFU-E than of Ep-dependent BFU-E. These results indicate that Ep independent, neoplastic BFU-E in PV and MF are more mature than their Ep dependent counterparts. The antigens expressed on erythroid progenitor cells from patients with PV and MF were earlier found on BFU-E and CFU-E from normal bone marrow and peripheral blood, usually on a higher proportion of cells, than in myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 3254122 TI - Principal component analysis of intercusp distances on the lower first molars of three human populations. AB - The distances between the five main cusps of lower first molars were measured on moire photographs of casts obtained from Japanese, Dutch and Australian Aboriginal children. Principal component analysis of the intercusp distances, log transformed and standardized so that average tooth size was held constant, revealed three sources of shape variation in cusp topography. All populations were similar for scores on component 1 which was concerned with variations in the position of the hypoconulid. The Dutch had lowest scores on component 2 indicating small buccolingual distances compared with mesiodistal, whereas the Australian Aboriginals had the lowest mean score on component 3, expressing the distances between metaconid, entoconid and hypoconulid. PMID- 3254123 TI - Human plasma fluoride levels following intake of dentifrices containing aminefluoride or monofluorophosphate. AB - After single, oral doses, 8 h profiles of fluoride (F) concentrations in plasma were determined in healthy human volunteers. Bioavailability of F from four dentifrices with either aminefluoride (AMF) or monofluorophosphate (MFP) was compared with that of NaF. There were no significant differences with respect to F availabilities, plasma F peak levels and plasma F profiles between NaF and the dentifrices tested, regardless of the F compound, F content or further ingredients. From the pharmacokinetic data it is concluded that dentifrices with 0.02 per cent F or less markedly decrease the risk of inducing plasma F concentrations that might disturb enamel mineralization, even if large quantities of dentifrice are ingested by small children. PMID- 3254124 TI - The effect of the outer membrane fraction of Bacteroides gingivalis W50 on glycosaminoglycan metabolism by human gingival fibroblasts in culture. AB - The synthesis of extracellular [35S]-SO4- and [3H]-glucosamine-labelled glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was studied in confluent human gingival fibroblast cultures in vitro. The differential synthesis of the total chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate (CS/DS) and heparan-sulphate (HS) fraction was measured following chondroitinase-ABC digestion, nitrous-acid treatment and column chromatography on Sephadex G50. Control cultures synthesized a CS/DS fraction that represented 78 per cent of the total [35S]-SO4-GAG; the residual 22 per cent was heparan sulphate. Similar cultures were labelled with [3H] glucosamine and the proportions of a high molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HA) and proteoglycan fractions measured by gel-filtration HPLC after papain and hyaluronidase digestions. The HA fraction represented 66 per cent of the total isotope incorporated in control cultures. GAG chains released on treatment with papain (24 per cent of the total label incorporated) were of apparent molecular weight 17-20 kDa. All cultures exposed to Bacteroides gingivalis W50 outer membrane at concentrations between 2 and 50 micrograms ml-1 displayed a decrease in the CS/DS fraction and a reciprocal increase in the HS. However, the proportion of HA synthesized was slightly enhanced with a reciprocal decrease in the proteoglycan (papain-digestible) fraction. There was no alteration in the molecular weight of the papain-digestion products or the size distribution of the hyaluronic-acid fraction. PMID- 3254126 TI - Estimation of blood flow by 133Xe clearance in human masseter muscle during rest, endurance of isometric contraction, and recovery. AB - Sixty-four measurements of 133Xe clearance from the masseters of 9 individuals, who had no facial or oral pain, were used to evaluate changes in intramuscular blood flow (IMBF) caused by endurance of isometric contraction at approx. 50 per cent of maximum voluntary EMG activity. On average, the IMBF during endurance increased by 4.2 times in 6 individuals and decreased 62 per cent of the rest flow in 3 individuals. Overall, the group average of endurance flow was 2.5 times higher than the initial rest flow. The group average of post-endurance hyperaemia was 27 times higher than the initial rest flow and 11 times higher than the endurance flow. IMBF during the final rest was 1.7 times higher than the initial rest flow. The relative IMBF during endurance was negatively correlated to muscle effort, and the post-endurance flow in relation to the endurance flow presented a compensatory positive correlation to the muscle effort. Although the average IMBF tended to increase during endurance, it was insufficient to meet the demand of the much higher relative increase in muscle activity, as indicated by the pronounced post-endurance hyperaemia, especially after long endurance. PMID- 3254125 TI - Effects of phenolic dental medicaments on prostaglandin synthesis by microsomes of bovine tooth pulp and rabbit kidney medulla. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) synthesis from [1-14C]-arachidonic acid by bovine dental pulp microsomes was stimulated by 0.1-0.5 mM concentrations of p-chlorophenol (PCP) and inhibited by more than 3 mM. Dual effects (stimulation and inhibition) of phenol, PCP, o-, m-, p- and tri-cresol on PG synthesis by rabbit kidney medullary microsomes were observed. Of various compounds tested, eugenol, thymol and guaiacol were the most potent inhibitors; the inhibitory action was reversible. Phenolic compounds did not affect the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, or lactate dehydrogenase in rabbit kidney medulla within the range of concentrations that stimulated or inhibited PG synthesis. Thus the analgesic effect of phenolic medicaments in endodontic therapy may be due to inhibition of arachidonic-acid metabolism. PMID- 3254127 TI - pH changes during simultaneous metabolism of urea and carbohydrate by human salivary bacteria in vitro. AB - The effect of the wide natural variation in oral ureolysis rates on the pH changes resulting from simultaneous metabolism of 25 mM urea and 2.8 mM glucose in salivary-sediment bacteria were investigated. The pH curves were complex, and included distinctive plateaux indicative of balanced acid and base production. These neutralization plateaux occurred at different pHs, which were a function (r2 = 0.98) of the ureolytic rate as measured by the log of the initial pH-change rate in the urea-only reaction. In the simplest case, the pH curve was characterized by a rise or fall to the neutralization plateau, a variable period of time at the plateau (up to 1 h), then a pH rise. The pattern of pH changes induced by glucose alone varied between different sediments: in some cases, the pH decreased smoothly to an end-point; in others, the curve was more complex, and these features became superimposed on the urea/glucose curve. The rate of ureolytic ammonia release was almost constant and unaffected by simultaneous carbohydrate metabolism. Concomitant metabolism of endogenous carbohydrate present in sediments prepared 1-2 h following a meal was of sufficient magnitude to affect ureolytic pH curves. If the ureolytic activity was high, this effect was negligible; if it was low, metabolism of the endogenous carbohydrates could completely suppress the ureolytic pH rise. Soluble salivary components had little effect on ureolysis but pH changes were modified by buffering, and the presence of urea, ammonia, N-catabolic and acidogenic substrates in the saliva. PMID- 3254128 TI - Rheological properties of human saliva. AB - From measurements with a Couette-type viscometer provided with a guard ring it was shown that at the saliva-air interface a protein layer is adsorbed. Measurements of the surface shear modulus of this layer on saliva of 7 healthy subjects were performed at a frequency of about 70 Hz and a temperature of 25 degrees C. For a surface age of about 1.5 h the surface shear modulus and the surface viscosity were in the order of 1 Nm-1 and 10(-3) Nm-1 s, respectively. From ellipsometric measurements it was found that the thickness of the protein layer was approx. 100 nm and, using this value, it could be concluded that the shear modulus and the dynamic viscosity were in the order of 10(7) Pa and 10(4) Pa s, respectively. The layer appeared to be fragile. Even shear deformation amplitudes of 4 x 10(-5) are too high to assure linearity. The complex viscosity (eta = eta' - i eta") of the bulk liquid of human submandibular saliva below the absorbed layer was measured in the frequency range 70 Hz-200 kHz with 3 torsional resonators, each for a different frequency, and a Ni-tube resonator. It was concluded, that the real part of the complex viscosity (eta') decreases from 1.1 mPa s at 70 Hz to a value of 0.95 mPa s at high frequencies. Except at the lowest frequency (70 Hz), the value of eta" was too small to be detected. PMID- 3254129 TI - Gross anatomy of the craniomandibular joint and masticatory muscles of the dog. AB - The craniomandibular joint (CMJ) and masticatory muscles in 15 dogs (Canis familiaris) were dissected. The major structures were fossa, disc and condyle surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. The horizontally orientated temporal fossa had a pronounced tubercle anteriorly. Posteriorly, a retroarticular process curved backwards. This fossa and process closely surrounded the condyle. The disc was thin. The cylindrically-shaped condyle was elongated in the medio-lateral direction, situated at right angles to the sagittal plane. The lateral pterygoid muscle was poorly developed; the temporalis was by far the largest masticatory muscle. These findings support the assumption that the movements of the canine mandible are mainly hinge-like. Furthermore, the canine CMJ differs in many respects from the corresponding anatomical structures in the domestic pig, as well as in man. PMID- 3254130 TI - Effects of prolonged duct ligation of the rat salivary glands on the activity of trypsin-like protease. AB - The effects of ligation on body weight, protease activity and hair kynurenine content were observed. The body weights of parotid gland(PT)-ligated and of combined submandibular (SM)-, sublingual (SL)- and PT-ligated rats were much less than those of sham-operated controls. However, the weights of SM,SL-ligated rats were similar to those of controls. The activity of trypsin-like protease in the duct-ligated submandibular gland was significantly reduced to 0.3-0.7 per cent of that in controls. Protein concentration also decreased in the duct-ligated submandibular gland. Kynurenine content in the hair of duct-ligated rats was higher than that in controls. PMID- 3254131 TI - Contrasting effects of autonomic agents and prostaglandins on 22Na uptake in rat submandibular salivary acini. AB - Uptake of this isotopic tracer by the acini occurred in a time-dependent manner and was increased by 1 microM concentrations of acetylcholine and of isoproterenol, but not of prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2 alpha. The lack of effect of prostaglandins on Na transport in salivary acini contrasts with their inhibitory effect on salivation in vivo, suggesting that in vivo the effects are independent of the ion-transport mechanisms underlying saliva formation. PMID- 3254133 TI - EEG monitoring during carotid endarterectomy. AB - One hundred and thirty-one patients undergoing 142 carotid endarterectomy procedures were randomized to have their operation performed either with or without intra-operative electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. Patients with EEG monitoring were shunted if both the internal carotid back pressure (ICBP) was less than 50 mmHg and ipsilateral change was evident on the EEG after clamping. Patients without EEG monitoring were shunted if ICBP was less than 50 mmHg. There one postoperative death (0.7%) with neurological deficits occurring in five patients (3.5%). There were significantly fewer neurological deficits (P = 0.02) in patients with no EEG change (one of 59) compared with those with EEG change (two of 13). There was a highly significant increase (P = 0.005) in incidence of neurological deficit (two of five patients) when ICBP was considered 'adequate' at 50 mmHg or greater but EEG change occurred. No neurological deficit occurred in 14 patients who were not shunted with ICBP less than 50 mmHg but with no EEG change. There was no difference in the incidence of neurological deficit in patients with low and high ICBP when both 50 and 55 mmHg were used as the cut-off points. It is concluded that EEG monitoring is useful in identifying patients requiring shunting during carotid endarterectomy. Use of a shunt is recommended if there is EEG change regardless of ICBP; conversely, if ICBP is low but there is no EEG change it would appear safe to proceed without shunting. PMID- 3254132 TI - Factors affecting the outcome of 463 femorotibial reconstructions. AB - Between 1973 and 1986, 463 infrapopliteal bypasses were performed on 408 limbs in 383 patients at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. There were 265 males and 118 females. Their mean age was 69 years, 30% were diabetic, 71% smoked and 38% were hypertensive. The indication for surgery was threatened limb loss in 350 limbs and short distance claudication in 58 limbs. The peri-operative mortality rate was 5%. Cumulative graft patency was 58% (s.e.m. = 2.7) at 5 years. The limb salvage rate was 66% (s.e.m. = 2.5) at 5 years. Cumulative patency rate for autogenous grafts (n = 332) was 63% (s.e.m. = 3.2) at 5 years compared with the cumulative patency rate for synthetic grafts (n = 131) of only 38% (s.e.m. = 5) at 5 years (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between the cumulative patency of autogenous grafts originating from the common femoral artery (n = 195) and those from the superficial femoral artery (n = 111). Cumulative patency of autogenous grafts did not significantly differ with the site of distal anastomosis; posterior tibial (n = 79), anterior tibial (n = 98), peroneal artery (n = 138) with 5-year cumulative patency rates of 65% (s.e.m. = 6.4), 65% (s.e.m. = 6.1) and 70% (s.e.m. = 4.6) respectively (P greater than 0.05). Autogenous graft material is the most important determinant of a durable result from femorotibial bypass. Proximal and distal anastomotic sites should be chosen to allow maximal utilization of available autogenous vein. PMID- 3254134 TI - Breast self-examination for the early detection of breast cancer. AB - The early results are presented from a programme of education for Breast Self Examination (BSE) for self-referral; 32,000 women in one health district, between the ages of 40 and 65 years, were invited by letter for education in BSE. Since the study began (1981-85), 153 breast cancers have been diagnosed, and they have been compared with the 153 breast cancers in the same age group presenting in the same health district immediately prior to the start of the study. A significant amelioration of prognostic factors is seen in the study group. However, at this time there is no significant difference in survival between the Study and the Control groups. The benign to cancer biopsy ratio is 1.2:1. PMID- 3254135 TI - Aspiration cytology in the management of breast lesions. AB - In a group of patients with breast lumps, diagnosis made by pre-operative aspiration cytology was compared with that obtained by histological section of excised specimens. Results showed that aspiration cytology correctly diagnosed 89% of malignant lesions and 92.6% of benign lesions based upon histological diagnosis. Cytological diagnosis of benign disease had a false negative rate of 6% while cytological diagnosis of malignant disease had a 2.7% false positive rate. Only 3.5% of cytologies returned an inadequate diagnosis. This study shows that aspiration cytology should be useful in allowing a better psychological preparation of patients before surgery as well as better utilization of operation theatre facilities. PMID- 3254136 TI - Hepatic trauma in Auckland. AB - A retrospective review of 102 cases of hepatic trauma in the Auckland area between 1979 and 1985 is presented. Particular attention has been focused on those cases where there was massive bleeding, and the prognostic factors that govern outcome have been determined. Mechanism and multiplicity of injury, and the presence of severe hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than .80 mmHg) either at presentation or following induction of anaesthesia were the four most important determinants of prognosis. Blunt trauma caused 82% of these cases, with the mortality in this group being 27%, compared with 6% for penetrating trauma cases. The mortality of those patients who presented with a systolic blood pressure less than 80 mmHg was 44% compared with 13% for those whose blood pressure was above 80 mmHg. Thirteen patients sustained severe bursting or avulsion-type injuries, in eight of whom extensive resection of formal lobectomy was performed with a survival of 88%. The remainder exsanguinated either pre operatively (two patients) or before definitive hepatic surgery was begun (three patients). All patients with caval or retrohepatic venous injuries exsanguinated either pre- or intra-operatively. It is concluded that the mortality of liver injury from blunt trauma far exceeds that of penetrating trauma, and that severe hypotension at the time of presentation indicates a poor prognosis. A good outcome is possible in those patients who have a significant disruption of the liver architecture of one lobe following resection of devitalized tissue. Caval or retrohepatic venous-type injuries carry a grave prognosis. PMID- 3254137 TI - Technical aspects of the cranio-facial approach to tumours of the orbit and skull base. AB - During the period July 1980-August 1987, 21 patients required cranio-facial extension of conventional neurosurgical osteotomies for tumours of the skull base and orbit. Five different types of combined osteotomies are described. Their applications to the treatment of various tumours and the subsequent reconstructions are presented and discussed. PMID- 3254138 TI - The use of tissue expanders in scalp alopecia. AB - This paper examines the role of tissue expansion, to correct scalp alopecia. The technique provides a means of producing sufficient hair bearing scalp to close defects which were previously not correctable. Reference is made to several surgical techniques which were found to be useful. PMID- 3254139 TI - High pressure injection injuries of the hand: a report of three cases. AB - High pressure injection injury of the hand is an uncommon condition demanding early recognition and prompt surgical intervention. These three case reports illustrate the varied aetiology, pathogenesis and outcome of this condition. PMID- 3254140 TI - Acute complications of peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 3254141 TI - Complex limb trauma requiring revascularization: early multidisciplinary management. AB - Salvage of limbs with combined vascular, skeletal and extensive soft tissue injury requires the skills of several surgical specialities. Four illustrative cases are presented, three successes and one failure, and from these some conclusions are drawn. Contrary to accepted teaching, it is believed that in the emergency management of most patients with complex limb trauma, vascular reconstruction should take priority, followed by skeletal stabilization, soft tissue repair and early flap cover. PMID- 3254143 TI - The endoscopic correction of vesico-ureteric reflux. AB - The traditional surgical treatment of vesico-ureteric reflux has been by open operation, namely that of reimplanting the ureters into the bladder. Endoscopic correction of vesico-ureteric reflux is now possible using a sub-mucosal injection of Teflon paste. The results of injection of 36 ureters over a 12-month period is presented. The procedure is safe, simple and an effective way to correct vesico-ureteric reflux. PMID- 3254142 TI - Gallstones at autopsy and cholecystectomy: a comparative study. AB - An examination of 613 post-mortems gave a prevalence of biliary disease at autopsy of 36.5%, higher than reported previously in Australia. This consisted of an asymptomatic gallstone prevalence of 18.9%, with a further 5.7% of the autopsies having granular biliary sludge and 11.9% having had a previous cholecystectomy. Although the rate of occurrence of cholesterol gallstones was approximately half that of the pigment gallstones and pigment biliary sludge combined, no significant association between the sex of the postmortems and stone type was observed at autopsy (chi 2(1) = 0.1: P greater than 0.05). The ratio of biliary disease between females and males was approximately 2:1. Gallstones and biliary sludge from 310 cholecystectomy patients showed that cholesterol gallstones were approximately twice as common in men, and approximately six times as common in women than pigment gallstones. In this group of patients there was a significant association between the sex of the patient and the rate of occurrence of stone type. The rate of occurrence of cholesterol gallstones was significantly higher than pigment gallstones in both the males and females at cholecystectomy (chi 1(2) = 18.97; P less than 0.0001). A female to male ratio of approximately 2:1 was also observed. A statistically significant higher rate of pigmented biliary disease was observed at autopsy than at cholecystectomy. (chi 2 = 101.0; P less than 0.0001). Analyses on biliary sludge, a filterable, fine granular pigmented material in bile, suggest that it may be the direct precursor for a number of different gallstone types. PMID- 3254144 TI - Tumours of the central nervous system in Chinese in Hong Kong: a histological review. AB - One hundred and sixty-eight cases of tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) from Chinese patients in Hong Kong were reviewed histologically as well as by the immunoperoxidase techniques in equivocal cases. Detailed comparisons were made between this series and previously published series on CNS tumours in Chinese, in other Asians and in Caucasians. The percentage of gliomas was low, and the average age of patients with high grade astrocytomas was low. Meningiomas were relatively common tumours and microcystic meningiomas were a common histological subtype. The percentages of vascular malformations and haemangioblastomas were also higher than those recorded in the West. The difference in incidence in gliomas and vascular malformations between this series and previous reports from mainland China was attributed to a possible difference between southern and northern Chinese. PMID- 3254145 TI - Percutaneous drainage of subphrenic biliary collections using a Ring-McLean sump catheter. AB - This communication reports three consecutive cases of subphrenic biliary collections, resulting from biliary procedures. All were successfully treated percutaneously using a 16 French Ring-McLean sump drainage catheter without the need for secondary surgical intervention. Although percutaneous drainage of fluid collections is now commonplace, this is the first reported use of this drainage catheter for subphrenic biliary collections. PMID- 3254146 TI - An unusual case of complete urethral duplication in a female child. AB - A case is reported of a female child with complete urethral duplication draining a single bladder and with the accessory urethra communicating with the urachus. The clinical, operative and histological findings suggest that the urethral duplication may represent an abortive duplication of the bladder. PMID- 3254147 TI - Amyloid tumour of the breast simulating carcinoma. AB - A case is presented of a 55-year old woman with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis who presented with a lump in her right breast and a markedly enlarged right axillary lymph node. Carcinoma of the breast with lymphadenopathy was diagnosed clinically, but excisional biopsy revealed an amyloid tumour of the breast and amyloid lymphadenopathy. Amyloid tumour of the breast is an infrequently reported lesion and the association of axillary lymphadenopathy has not been reported before. The literature is reviewed and the need for a tissue diagnosis prior to embarkation on specific therapy is emphasized. PMID- 3254148 TI - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 3254149 TI - Kinetics of regional blood-brain barrier transport of L-leucine in Brattleboro rats. AB - The transport of L-leucine across the blood-brain barrier was studied in heterozygous (NON-DI) and homozygous (DI) Brattleboro male rats using the carotid bolus injection technique. Furthermore, general hemodynamic parameters and cerebral blood flow were measured. No significant hemodynamic differences were found between DI and NON-DI rats except for a 22% lower cerebral blood flow in the olfactory bulb of DI rats. The maximum velocity of L-leucine transport (Vmax), the half saturation constant (Km) and the nonsaturable transport constant (KD) were estimated in nine brain regions. The Vmax values of NON-DI rats were by 28% to 64% lower than those of DI rats. The calculated regional Km values of NON Di rats were by 14% to 58% lower. These differences were most pronounced in hippocampus and hypothalamus. The results support the suggestion that endogenous vasopressin may alter the large neutral amino acid transport across the blood brain barrier. PMID- 3254150 TI - Increased concentrations of tyrosine and phenylalanine in the cerebrospinal fluid as a possible reflection of related changes of the brain tissue in newborns with intra-uterine growth retardation. AB - Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of tyrosine and phenylalanine were measured fluorometrically in human term neonates appropriate for gestational age and in neonates small for gestational age with severe intra-uterine growth retardation of Type II. The intra-uterine retarded newborns showed significant differences of both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid tyrosine levels as compared with the non-retarded newborns: the mean plasma and cerebrospinal fluid tyrosine were determined to be 2.0 and 2.5 times, respectively, higher in the retarded group. The mean cerebrospinal fluid phenylalanine content was also increased in these newborns. The findings may reflect cellular disturbances of the tyrosine metabolization in the developing brain as it can also be found in experimental intra-uterine growth retarded animals. PMID- 3254151 TI - Does avoidance learning only depend on mossy fiber distribution? AB - Rats and mice with a poor active avoidance behavior in the shuttle box exhibit a larger extent of the zone innervated by mossy fibers in the infrapyramidal area of the hippocampal sector CA3. The question arose whether only these differences in the amount of inputs from granular cells do correlate with poor avoidance learning, or whether cholinergic septal inputs are likewise related to behavioral performance. Inbred and non-inbred rats with low and high avoidance scores were used. Freezing sections were alternately used for TIMM-staining and for the histochemical visualization of the acetylcholinesterase activity. In comparison with "good avoidance learners" the rats with "poor active avoidance performance" exhibited a larger zone of mossy fibers and a lower activity of acetylcholinesterase in the investigated field. A significant inverse correlation between mossy fiber innervation and cholinergic septal inputs could be established. Our findings suggest that poor avoidance learning does not simply depend on mossy fiber distribution but seems to be dependent rather on the relation between mossy fiber innervation and cholinergic septal inputs. PMID- 3254152 TI - [Motivational dependence of changes in visual evoked potentials in rats during water deprivation]. AB - Visually evoked potentials (VEPs) of the visual cortex, the dorsal geniculate nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus of satiated and water-deprived rats with and without additional drinking sounds to strengthen motivation were recorded. Differences in the motivational state led to changes in VEPs and altered interrelations in space and time between these brain areas, as estimated the method of coincidence analysis of single VEP. PMID- 3254153 TI - Activity of the two prolidase isoforms in rat liver after chronic CCl4 intoxication. AB - The two isoforms of rat liver prolidase were separated by ion exchange chromatography. Both isoforms were similarly increased on fibrosis-inducing CCl4 intoxication in rat. PMID- 3254154 TI - Contribution of a Ca-dependent component to the transient outward current in rabbit ventricular fibres. AB - To evaluate a Ca-sensitive component of the transient outward current, we studied action potentials, isometric tension, and membrane currents (single sucrose gap voltage clamp) of rabbit ventricular heart muscle in the presence of Ryanodine that selectively blocks the intracellular Ca release. Ryanodine (1 microM) prolonged the post rest (10 s) action potential, abolished the "notch" preceding the plateau phase, and depressed the isometric tension. With the same protocol a diminished transient outward current was measured. Application of 1 mM 4 aminopyridine in the presence of Ryanodine further prolonged the duration of the action potential, decreased the transient outward current but increased the maximal tension. It is concluded that in rabbit ventricular myocardium both a Ca dependent component and a 4-aminopyridine sensitive component compose the transient outward current; however, the 4-aminopyridine sensitive component is dominating. PMID- 3254155 TI - [Oxygen consumption in rats in changes of a fixed circadian rhythm]. PMID- 3254157 TI - Aggregation of human plasma low density lipoproteins by means of poly(ethylene glycol). AB - The aggregation of LDL induced by PEG was investigated by turbidity measurements at increasing concentration of PEG. Aggregation occurs over a narrow range of PEG concentration. The PEG concentration required to induce aggregation is shifted toward lower values as the LDL concentration is increased, the molecular weight of PEG is increased, the pH is decreased, and positively charged molecules such as chlorpromazine are added. The results are compared with the properties of the aggregation of proteins and liposomes. The data are interpreted on the basis of the volume exclusion principle and assuming the exclusion of PEG from the LDL surface. The influences of pH and the change of the surface charge on aggregation can be explained by the analysis of the repulsive and attractive forces. PMID- 3254156 TI - Stimulation of alanine metabolism in rat liver by ammonia. AB - The effect of ammonia on the alanine metabolism was investigated in perfused rat liver. Gluconeogenesis was found to be stimulated by physiological concentrations of ammonia, while being inhibited at higher concentrations (5-10 mM). The stimulating effect of 0.5 mM ammonia was studied in greater detail. In addition to glucose formation seen enhanced five times, increased rates were observed for ureogenesis as well as the formation of lactate and pyruvate, demonstrating also activation of the total alanine turnover. Furthermore, the mitochondrial and cytosolic NAD systems were increasingly oxidized as reflected by the beta hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate and lactate/pyruvate ratios. The shift of the beta hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio was correlated to the ATP demand by gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis. The elevated concentration of pyruvate was found to have caused stimulation of gluconeogenesis since there existed a Michaelis Menten type relation between pyruvate concentration and glucose formation irrespective of the presence or absence of ammonia. The flux through glutamate dehydrogenase was calculated from the total alanine turnover and urea formation, and noted to be diminished in the presence of ammonia despite the increased alanine turnover. It is concluded that glutamate dehydrogenase, at least in part, controls the total alanine turnover in the absence of ammonia. PMID- 3254159 TI - Ontogenetic development of avoidance learning in rats after eye opening. AB - Five male and one female group of 8 pups were selected from 8 liters on the second postnatal day and returned to 6 dams. The animals were investigated in two subsequent tests; first, in a peripheral field avoidance test using a 60 x 75 x 22 cm open field subdivided into 20 equal squares of 15 x 15 cm with separate floor grids for electrical punishment and, second, in a W-like maze with a start arm falling into a common alley from which left and right each two goal arms branched off. Four qualities were measured in the first test: finding out that only central fields remained unpunished; the stay duration in central fields indicating passive avoidance; the response to a conditioned stimulus, when they entered peripheral fields indicating active avoidance; the quality of extinction. The differences of these qualities changed significantly from week to week as the acquisition speed and the consolidation increased, the extinction was rapid in the third week, very slow in the fourth week and adult-like in the fifth week. The self-chosen strategy of pups showed dominance of escape with subsequent motor inhibition in the third week, dominance of trials and active avoidance in the fourth week, dominance of passive avoidance in the fifth week. We found no difference between males and females, or between blind and control rats. The W maze test revealed additionally that reversal learning from left goal to right goal was still difficult in the fourth week and that brightness-cued alteration of goals in which wrong choices were punished when a time limit was overcome could not be learned before the sixth week and not consolidated before the end of the seventh week. The results suggest that various brain processes are involved in the development of avoidance and learning strategies which mature unevenly and reach their peaks at different ages. PMID- 3254158 TI - Specific effects of nerve growth factor on the differentiation pattern of mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro. AB - The effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the differentiation pattern of pluripotent undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) was studied. Morphological analysis of differentiating stem cells and histochemical silver staining analysis of embryonic carcinoma (P19S1801A1) and embryonic stem cells (ESC-BLC 6) permitted the demonstration of nerve cell differentiation. NGF treatment resulted in an accelerated appearance of neuron-like cells in differentiating embryoid bodies of ESC line BLC 6. By use of the silver-staining test NGF dependent induction of nerve cell lineage was demonstrated. The presented embryonic stem cell model allows to study the time course of differentiation and induction of a special cell lineage of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells by growth factors. PMID- 3254160 TI - Postnatal application of p-chloroamphetamine or fenfluramine reduces response selection during early ontogenetic development of rat avoidance behaviour. AB - The influence of one single intraperitoneal application of 50 mumol/kg fenfluramine (FF) or 50 mumol/kg parachloroamphetamine (PCA), respectively, on the 8th postnatal day upon avoidance learning in the early ontogenesis was compared with vehicle-injected controls (NaCl solution). The intoxicated groups were unable to learn a self-shaped avoidance behaviour in a peripheral field avoidance test. They did not find out during the third postnatal week that only central fields of an open field remained unpunished; escape responses along walls were not inhibited in favour of escape into central fields as in controls. The passive avoidance component which is expressed by increasing stay duration in central fields was not developed in FF and PCA rats. The active avoidance component expressed by CS-induced escape before UCS did also not increase in the intoxicated rats. There were no differences of passive avoidance between groups, however, in the fourth week. In the W-maze test after weaning differences between intoxicated groups and controls were evident in the first session and when the schedule was changed. In the reversal learning session the intoxicated groups made more errors. The results support the view that serotoninergic neuron groups participate in the inhibition of incorrect responses and differentiation learning. This early postnatal deficiency may be partly compensated in further development. PMID- 3254161 TI - Effect of excretory-secretory products of Giardia lamblia on glucose and phenylalanine transport in the small intestine of Swiss albino mice. AB - The transport of D-glucose and L-phenylalanine was measured in intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) vesicles treated with Excretory-secretory (ES) products of Giardia lamblia. Uptake was found to be significantly lower (P/0.01) in the treated vesicles than in the controls. Exposure of intestinal tissue to ES products resulted in net secretion (P/0.01) of Na+, C1- and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose. Both observations indicate that alterations in the absorptive functions of the intestine might be attributed to interaction of ES products with the BBM. PMID- 3254162 TI - Altered properties of platelet membrane in childhood obesity. AB - Using 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5,hexatriene (TMA-DPH) as fluorescent probe, we have studied platelet membrane fluidity and thrombin induced exocytosis in ten obese children and fifteen controls. Our results indicate a decrease of membrane fluidity, as shown by an increase of fluorescence anisotropy, in platelets from obese patients in comparison with the controls. Associated with the changes in membrane fluidity, platelets of obese subjects showed a decreased sensitivity to thrombin stimulation. PMID- 3254163 TI - Do tightly-bound chromatin proteins play a role in DNA methylation? AB - When chromatin matrix, "stripped" from its loosely-bound components by extraction with 3 M NaCl, is extensively digested with DNAase I, a fraction is obtained, which carries no endogenous DNA methyltransferase activity but which is a good substrate for externally added enzyme. Under the same conditions, protein-free DNA isolated from this fraction can instead hardly be methylated, this different behaviour pointing to a role of DNA-tightly-bound proteins in favoring or promoting the catalytic action of the enzyme. A similar stimulation of enzymatic methylation could also be shown when, in the presence of this same fraction, single stranded Micrococcus luteus DNA was incubated with placental methyltransferase, using S-adenosylmethionine as a methyl donor. This finding can be correlated to the existence, in chromatin loops, of small regions which resist digestion by DNAase I also after high-salt removal of their loosely-bound components (presumably because of the presence of tightly-bound proteins) and whose DNA is characterized by high methylation levels and, at the same time, by high relative content of thymine. PMID- 3254164 TI - Detection of cystathionine and lanthionine ketimines in human urine. AB - A recently developed HPLC procedure for the determination of cystathionine ketimine (CK) and lanthionine ketimine (LK) has been applied to the detection of these compounds in human urine. The assay has taken advantage of the selective production of an absorbance at 380 nm, not seen with other amino acids, when the two ketimines are reacted with phenylisothiocyanate. Coelution with authentic phenylthiohydantoin derivatives of CK and LK and the identical absorption spectra establish the identity of the compounds found in the urine with the synthetic products. Quantitation of the two ketimines by HPLC indicates that the excretion of CK and LK is respectively 606 micrograms and 84 micrograms per g of creatinine as mean values of 10 healthy subjects of both sexes, 20-40 years old, in the early morning voided urine. PMID- 3254165 TI - Intracellular distribution of pregnenolone metabolites in testis of macaque (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The metabolism of pregnenolone in subcellular fractions of the testes of the macaque (Macaca fascicularis) has been studied using capillary gas chromatography to characterize and quantify the metabolites, after their conversion into the O methyloxime and/or trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. The microsomal incubations yielded the greatest quantities of metabolites, with lesser amounts in the mitochondrial fraction. The cytosolic fraction contained no significant quantity of metabolites after incubation, except for 5alpha-androst-16-en-3 beta-ol. This, and other odorous androst-16-enes, found in the microsomal fraction, are of particular interest in the context of animal communication because of their possible pheromonal role. Pregnenolone was converted into androst-5-ene-3 beta,17 beta-diol, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and testosterone, suggesting that both classical pathways for testosterone synthesis were operating. Testosterone was further converted into 5 alpha-reduced androstanediols, especially in the microsomal fraction. PMID- 3254166 TI - Isolation, purification and regeneration of protoplasts from Sporotrichum thermophile conidiospores. AB - Protoplasts of uniform size were prepared from mononucleated conidiospores of Sporotrichum thermophile. Conidia were preincubated in glucose yeast extract medium at 45 C for 4 h. The conidia were collected resuspended in buffer containing 0.6 M KCl (as stabilizer), and incubated with Novozyme SP249 and Cellulase CP at 37 C for 6 h. The protoplasts were separated from cell wall fragments and intact conidia by centrifugation over 50% sucrose. The purified protoplasts were regenerated in glucose yeast extract broth after 7 h of incubation at 45 C. PMID- 3254167 TI - Temperature and thiol-induced desensitization of a Ca2+-sensitive cyclic-3',5' nucleotide phosphodiesterase from sheep lung. AB - Ca2+-sensitivity of sheep lung cyclic-3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase is provided by endogenous tightly bound calmodulin. The calcium sensitivity of a highly purified enzyme was desensitized by increasing the assay temperature. It could also be desensitized to Ca2+-activation by thiols such as dithiothreitol. The thiol-induced desensitization could be partially reversed by dialysis and almost completely reversed by dilution. The results presented in this paper indicate that thiols are possibly involved in the interaction of calmodulin with cyclic-3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase. This is the first report on temperature and thiol-induced desensitization of Ca2+-sensitivity of a cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase. PMID- 3254168 TI - Inhibition of liver lysosomal acid phospholipase A1 by blood serum proteins. AB - Pathophysiological conditions may lead to a release of lysosomal acid phospholipase A1 like that of other lysosomal enzymes into the blood stream. As shown here, various serum protein fractions, obtained by dye-ligand affinity chromatography, inhibit phosphoglyceride hydrolysis by lysosomal acid phospholipase A1 in vitro. Their inhibitory potencies vary considerably, and the degree of inhibition depends on the substrate concentration. A delayed phospholipid flotation rate in sucrose gradients in the presence of one of the more potent inhibitory serum proteins, serum albumin, suggests that the inhibition is due to inhibitor-substrate interactions. Although lysosomal phospholipase A1 activity at blood pH is extremely low, serum proteins may contribute to protect biomembranes which are exposed to the vascular lumen against uncontrolled destruction by this enzyme. PMID- 3254169 TI - Pituitary fibroblast growth factors: immunocharacterization of an acid component and N-terminal sequence analysis of a truncated basic component. AB - Extraction of bovine pituitaries at pH 7.0, in the presence or absence of protease inhibitors (PMSF, leupeptin, pepstatin A and EDTA) yielded both basic and acidic FGF components that were characterized by Western blotting and sequence analysis. Basic FGF comprised several components: an 18 KDa form that is similar, if not identical, to the basic FGF (1-146) already described; a 17 KDa form that is likely to be a new truncated molecular species (11-146) and a group of immunoreactive components of about 29 KDa. Acidic FGF showed several active components of pI 4.5-6.5. The most active component has a pI of approximately 5.0; molecular weight of 17 KDa and is shown, by Western blotting, to be similar to a truncated form of bovine brain acidic FGF. The biological activity of the latter component is shown to be neutralized by anti-brain acidic FGF antiserum. PMID- 3254170 TI - High homology between a trophoblastic protein (trophoblastin) isolated from ovine embryo and alpha-interferons. AB - Ovine trophoblastic protein B (oTPB), an embryonic protein, is a 20 kDa secretory protein which is synthesized by the ovine conceptus from days 12 to 22 of pregnancy. oTPB was purified by HPLC using ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE column and was subsequently chromatographed on a reversed-phase column. Automated Edman degradation was then used to determine the N-terminal amino acid sequence up to 45 residues. The sequence data reveal a significant homology between oTPB and bovine interferons alpha of class II: 64% of the amino acids are identical and 75% are homologous. A highly conserved region including residues 23-44 exhibits 82% homology. Identity between oTPB and either HuIFN-alpha.9 or MuIFN alpha.1 is 55%. These alignments between oTPB and IFNs occur at the N-terminus of the mature proteins and proceed without deletion. These results suggest that oTPB is an embryonic interferon. PMID- 3254171 TI - Body weight, blood pressure and the risk of total and cardiovascular mortality in an obese population. PMID- 3254172 TI - Water soluble salts of fredericamycin A: preparation and biological activity. PMID- 3254173 TI - The role of the left hemisphere in decision-making. AB - The role of the left hemisphere in decision-making processes in choice reactions to unstructured visual stimuli (Bisiach, Mini, Sterzi and Vallar, 1982) was further investigated in normal right-handed individuals. Subjects were required to provide a motor response to lateralized single dots, abstaining from giving a response when two dots were shown. In the first study, in which the disruptive effects of concurrent articulatory activity were assessed, the decision required integration of information provided to both hemispheres, as the no-go stimulus was constituted by two dots symmetrically positioned, one in each half-field. In the second study, all information relevant to the decision was available to each hemisphere, as the no-go stimulus was represented by two dots in either half field. Since in both experiments the decision mechanism remained located in the left hemisphere, the following conclusions are drawn: (i) the right hemisphere is unable to fulfil the demands of the present decision-making task, even when either a secondary task interferes with left hemisphere processes or it has direct acces to all the relevant information; this suggests a pattern of absolute hemispheric specialization; (ii) the left hemisphere decision-making process does not rely upon any sort of articulatorily-based "inner speech" component. PMID- 3254175 TI - Rapidly expanding pigmented lesion of the buccal mucosa. AB - A case of oral melanoacanthoma was presented. The differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral mucous membrane includes a wide variety of categories of disease including local and systemic manifestations of hereditary and developmental conditions, reactive and inflammatory lesions, neoplasms, and metabolic diseases. For some of these lesions the histopathological pattern is diagnostic; for others, the tissue structure and organization are nonspecific and intelligent evaluation requires clinicopathological correlation. This discussion of oral mucosal pigmented lesions emphasizes the importance of the clinical parameters in the differential diagnosis of this group of lesions. PMID- 3254174 TI - Use of antidepressants in attempted suicide. PMID- 3254176 TI - Nasopharyngoscopy in the treatment of palatopharyngeal insufficiency. PMID- 3254177 TI - Some effects of cooling and chemical retarders on five elastomeric impression materials. PMID- 3254178 TI - Caries penetration and cement thickness of three luting agents. PMID- 3254179 TI - Estimating prosthodontic treatment costs: a probability approach. PMID- 3254180 TI - Influence of materials on reproducibility of centric relation records. PMID- 3254181 TI - The effect of vertical dimension change on mandibular movements and muscle activity. PMID- 3254182 TI - Teaching maxillofacial prosthetics: a survey of dental curricula. PMID- 3254183 TI - Successful treatment of EAE in rhesus monkeys with MHC class II specific monoclonal antibodies. AB - Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in rhesus monkeys by subcutaneous immunization with calfbrain homogenate in complete Freunds adjuvant. Monkeys were treated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) as soon as the first clinical EAE signs became apparent. Two different treatments were tested. One consisted of 10 daily injections of a mixture of two MHC Class II specific MoAb, reactive with a monomorphic structure of rhesus monkey Class II molecules. The other consisted of 10 daily injections of Genox3.53, specific for HLA-DQW1. This MoAb crossreacts well with monkeys and also detects a polymorphism in this species and is presumably reactive with the RhLA-DQW1 antigen. Both MoAb treatments could modify the clinical course of EAE favourably. Untreated animals invariably died within 3 d of the onset of clinical EAE signs. Only one of the three monkeys treated with the monomorphic MHC Class II MoAb preparation died within 3 d, and the other two survived significantly longer than untreated animals. Both animals treated with Genox3.53 survived significantly longer than untreated control animals. Although only a few animals were tested, these results clearly show the possible beneficial influence of MHC Class II specific MoAb on a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease. PMID- 3254184 TI - Myasthenia gravis thymus: clinical, histological and culture correlations. AB - This paper attempts to quantitate immunohistological changes in the myasthenia gravis (MG) thymus and to correlate them with clinical and culture parameters in 40 untreated young onset patients covering a wide range of durations and serum anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody titers. Total cellularities of both the thymic cortex and the medulla declined significantly with age. There was some hyperplasia of subcapsular and of medullary epithelial cells, often at the expense of cortex. A combined index of all hyperplastic changes correlated significantly with serum anti-AChR titre. Otherwise histological indices, e.g. of germinal centres (GC) were largely unrelated to any clinical parameters, especially duration of symptoms. Specific anti-AChR synthesis in culture (very closely related to serum titer) correlated better with the medullary lymph node type T-cell areas; these were more widely prevalent and MG-specific. In contrast, basal and mitogen-stimulated total IgG productivity followed the GC indices more closely. We propose that the variability of GC is due to their dependence on extraneous immune complexes, and we discuss whether they or the T-cell areas are primary or secondary abnormalities. Finally, we conclude that autosensitization in MG with thymic hyperplasia and neoplasia probably arises through separate mechanisms. PMID- 3254186 TI - Is there room for "transplantation medicine" as a medical discipline in its own right? PMID- 3254185 TI - Cyclosporine A versus cyclosporine G: a comparative study of survival, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and splenic atrophy in BALB/c mice. AB - Our group has previously shown that cyclosporine A (CSA) but not cyclosporine G (CSG) causes splenic atrophy in a BALB/c mouse model. We have now extended our studies to observations of the effect of the two drugs on other parenchymal organs and on the nervous system. Groups of mice (N = 30) were given 150 mg/kg per day of either CSA or CSG and were compared to two control groups. Absorption of the drugs was similar in the two groups, although CSG blood levels were slightly higher. Animals treated with CSA, but not CSG, lost up to 50% of body weight over a 3-week period. Overall mortality was much higher in the CSA group. Blood urea levels were significantly higher in both treatment groups than in controls and were significantly higher in the CSA than in the CSG group. CSA treated animals showed marked histological changes in their kidneys, the most prominent of which was proximal tubular vacuolation. Both drugs showed some hepatotoxicity, both histologically and biochemically; the histological changes were more marked in the CSA group. There was no pancreatic toxicity at this dose, either histologically or in terms of blood-sugar concentrations. Mice treated with CSA, but not with CSG, showed marked behavioral changes, including hyperactivity and irritability. The most intriguing observation was the effect of CSA, but not CSG, on the spleen. There was atrophy of lymphoid tissue in both the B and the T cell areas, although the most prominent change was in the periarterial lymphatic sheaths. These changes may be of significance in the long term maintenance of immunosuppression and graft acceptance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3254187 TI - Are there ethical problems posed by multiple small transplant centres? PMID- 3254188 TI - Schistosomiasis can be prevented. PMID- 3254190 TI - AIDS and contraception. PMID- 3254189 TI - Home-based mothers' health records. PMID- 3254191 TI - Health messages on everybody's mail. PMID- 3254193 TI - Planning for health in Mali. PMID- 3254194 TI - Health for all proves its worth in Kiribati. PMID- 3254192 TI - Health for all: the way ahead. PMID- 3254195 TI - A broader scope for leprosy control. PMID- 3254196 TI - Leprosy--as seen by the patients. PMID- 3254197 TI - Drugs against leprosy. PMID- 3254198 TI - Leprosy: the long hard road. PMID- 3254200 TI - The importance of openness. PMID- 3254201 TI - Women's views may be underrepresented in health surveys. PMID- 3254199 TI - Information and community participation. PMID- 3254202 TI - Students' initiatives bear fruit. PMID- 3254203 TI - Health awards in the year 2000. PMID- 3254204 TI - Health fairs in schools. PMID- 3254205 TI - Tobacco or health: choose health. PMID- 3254206 TI - Lives and limbs--the other price of modern road transport. PMID- 3254207 TI - Intensifying the fight against high blood pressure. PMID- 3254209 TI - When the rains fail.... PMID- 3254208 TI - Combating drought: food for all. PMID- 3254210 TI - Leadership in health. PMID- 3254211 TI - Leadership for health for all. PMID- 3254212 TI - Planet earth--suicide or survival? PMID- 3254213 TI - How community drug sales schemes may succeed. PMID- 3254214 TI - Proper use of the right drugs: a complex task. PMID- 3254216 TI - Physical activity and health: the evidence is clear. PMID- 3254215 TI - Essential drugs for all. PMID- 3254217 TI - Games with health messages. PMID- 3254218 TI - Smoking declines in a group of Indian doctors. PMID- 3254219 TI - Can community health workers deal with pneumonia? PMID- 3254220 TI - Community health workers--an evolving force. PMID- 3254221 TI - Community health aides for sparse populations. PMID- 3254222 TI - Mothers learn how to save the lives of children. PMID- 3254224 TI - Doctors as teachers. PMID- 3254225 TI - Disease hazards of irrigation schemes. PMID- 3254223 TI - Village mothers on the West Bank learn about health. PMID- 3254226 TI - The Kerala formula. PMID- 3254228 TI - AIDS: counselling in HIV infection and disease. PMID- 3254227 TI - Prevention and control of AIDS. PMID- 3254229 TI - AIDS in prisons. PMID- 3254230 TI - Intravenous drug use and HIV infection. PMID- 3254231 TI - Blood safety drive. PMID- 3254233 TI - [Laws of balanced articulation]. PMID- 3254232 TI - [Emergencies in endodontics]. PMID- 3254234 TI - [Questions and answers on science, technology and research]. PMID- 3254235 TI - Unusual aspects of the decubitus ulcer. PMID- 3254236 TI - NAMP: a system for preventing and managing pressure ulcers. PMID- 3254237 TI - Validity and reliability of an assessment tool for pressure ulcer risk. PMID- 3254238 TI - Pressure ulcer development in surgical patients. PMID- 3254239 TI - The whole person. PMID- 3254241 TI - A model of quality assurance for decubitus ulcer monitoring. PMID- 3254240 TI - The prevention and treatment of pressure sores by use of pressure distributing mattresses. PMID- 3254242 TI - Commitment. PMID- 3254244 TI - [New benefits of aspirin]. PMID- 3254243 TI - [Fluoride in dentistry]. PMID- 3254245 TI - [Bacterial plaque: its formation]. PMID- 3254246 TI - [Tension factors in the dental office]. PMID- 3254247 TI - [The scope of legal dentistry]. PMID- 3254248 TI - [Oral lesions in patients with AIDS]. PMID- 3254249 TI - [Automation of capsule making]. PMID- 3254250 TI - [The microbiologic quality of an oral preparation as the result of proper formulation and technological design]. PMID- 3254251 TI - [Use of azlocillin-mezlocillin combinations in orthopedic surgery prophylaxis]. PMID- 3254252 TI - [The antihypertensive effectiveness of labetalol in combined therapy with diuretics]. PMID- 3254253 TI - [Comparison of labetalol as a single treatment and labetalol combined with chlorthalidone in the treatment of severe arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3254254 TI - If I were HIV positive. PMID- 3254255 TI - Gastrointestinal obstructions: experience in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. PMID- 3254256 TI - Pott's disease masquerading as vertebral lymphoma. PMID- 3254257 TI - Primary oesophageal tuberculosis. PMID- 3254258 TI - Analysis of TSH receptors and microsomal antigen in different human thyroid tissue specimens. AB - Affinity labelling with a 125I-labelled photoactive derivative of TSH (HSAB-TSH) was used to analyse TSH receptor size in the following specimens of human thyroid tissue: (1) cold nodules; (2) autonomous nodules; (3) papillary carcinoma; (4) medullary carcinoma; (5) metastasis of papillary carcinoma to lymph node; (6) anaplastic carcinoma, and (7) Graves' thyroid. In addition, a sample of histologically normal thyroid tissue surrounding specimens 1-4 was analysed in each case. Thyroid microsomes were also prepared from the tissue samples, solubilized using 1% deoxycholate and labelled with 125I. The preparations were immunoprecipitated using microsomal autoantibodies and protein A and analysed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. These studies indicated that no differences in the characteristics of the TSH receptor or of microsomal antigen were observed in the tissue samples 1-3 and 7. Neither protein was detected in tissue specimens 4-6. PMID- 3254259 TI - Differentiation of autoimmune ophthalmopathy from Graves' hyperthyroidism by analysis of genetic markers. AB - Graves' hyperthyroidism and dysthyroid eye disease are closely related autoimmune conditions. Whether the eye disease is an integral part of Graves' disease or a separate entity is controversial. To investigate this we have examined the genetic associations of ophthalmopathy and hyperthyroidism, and compared their phenotype and gene frequencies with a control normal population. HLA-A, B, and DR antigens were typed in 67 patients with dysthyroid eye disease (GO), 60 hyperthyroid patients without significant eye disease (HT) and 500 normal subjects. Patients were also typed for a variety of other genetic markers: blood group systems (10), serum proteins (6) and red cell enzyme systems (10). Increased frequency of B8 and DR3 in Graves' disease was confirmed; B17 occurred less frequently and appears to be protective. HLA antigen frequencies for GO did not differ from HT. The MNS blood group showed a significant association with Graves' disease, the HT patients having a deficit of the s gene compared with controls. The most interesting finding was an increased frequency of blood group P in GO patients compared with either HT or controls. Significant differences were not seen with any of the other HLA antigens, blood groups, protein or enzyme markers considered individually. Multivariate analysis applied first to the HLA and then to the non-HLA systems indicated clear separation of the two patient groups. Although Graves' eye disease shares the same HLA associations as hyperthyroidism, it differs in the increased frequency of P blood group, suggesting that additional genetic factors may determine which patients with Graves' disease develop ophthalmopathy. PMID- 3254260 TI - Osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion and thirst in cyclical oedema. AB - Osmoregulation of vasopressin release and thirst was studied in the mid follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle of five patients with cyclical oedema defined by peripheral oedema and weight gain (greater than 3.0 kg) manifest in two consecutive luteal phases. Results are compared to those already obtained in eight healthy women. In the patients, basal plasma osmolality in the mid-luteal phase was significantly lower than in the mid-follicular periods (patients, 283 +/- 1, 287 +/- 1 mOsmol/kg, respectively, mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.05; controls, 282 +/- 1, 286 +/- 1 mOsmol/kg, respectively, P less than 0.05). Plasma osmolality (pOsm) and plasma arginine vasopressin (pAVP) were measured during hypertonic (850 mmol/l) saline infusion in both phases of the cycle; linear regression analyses of these data gave the following mean regression equations, (i) mid-follicular, pAVP = 0.55 (pOsm - 285), r = 0.94 and (ii) mid-luteal, pAVP = 0.42 (pOsm - 281), r = 0.93. The abscissal intercept was significantly different (P less than 0.025). Osmotic threshold for severe thirst onset was lower in the mid-luteal phase compared to the mid-follicular value (296 +/- 1, 299 +/- 1 mOsmol/kg, respectively, P less than 0.01). Basal data and results of thirst onset and theoretical threshold for vasopressin release in response to osmotic stimulation obtained in the patients were similar to healthy control women. We conclude that osmoregulation in cyclical oedema is normal. PMID- 3254261 TI - Measurement of progesterone in saliva: assessment of the normal fertile range using spontaneous conception cycles. AB - The concentration of progesterone in saliva can be used as an alternative to the measurement of the hormone in plasma because the steroid profiles are qualitatively, although not quantitatively, similar. Reference values for concentrations of the hormone during the luteal phase have been established using data derived from selected, apparently normal women, some of whom conceived in the study cycle. Six to eight days after the LH surge salivary progesterone values of 300-800 pmol/l can be regarded as 'normal' and can therefore be used as a reference for the clinical assessment of infertile women. Moreover, since there is a significant within-subject, between-cycle correlation (P less than 0.001) in salivary progesterone index values, the clinical information derived from one cycle is likely to be representative for that individual. PMID- 3254262 TI - Metabolic and thyroidal responses to mild cold are abnormal in obese diabetic women. AB - Mild cold exposure (22 degrees C, with reference to 28 degrees C, thermoneutral) was studied by overnight whole-body indirect calorimetry in euthyroid women. Basal, sleeping, energy expenditure (EE) was significantly increased (+3.8%, P less than 0.05) in six normal weight women but reduced (-3.5%, P less than 0.05) in five obese type II diabetic women. Mixed responses were found in five women with simple obesity. Biochemical measurements were made on fasting blood samples taken at 0900 h after 12 h exposure to the two temperatures. Serum T4, free T3 and TSH were within the normal reference range in all subjects. Serum T4 did not show any differences between the groups, nor any effect from temperature. There was a significant increase in free T3 (P less than 0.05) at 22 degrees C in the control subjects, but no differences in the obese diabetic women. Serum thyroglobulin fell significantly in the diabetic group. Both TSH and free T3 responses to mild cold were significantly different between the groups, but both correlated positively (P less than 0.05) with the changes in sleeping energy expenditure at 22 degrees C with reference to 28 degrees C. Changes in TSH and free T3 were themselves significantly correlated within individuals (P less than 0.01). The normal physiological non-shivering thermogenesis of adult humans on exposure to a cool environment may thus be mediated by a pituitary-thyroid mechanism. The abnormal response of obese diabetic women was associated with impaired TSH and thyroid hormone responses, and may be a factor contributing to weight gain. PMID- 3254263 TI - [Radiologic evaluation of the normal hip joint in patients with unilateral Legg Perthes disease]. PMID- 3254264 TI - [Evolution in the management and the results of treatment of injuries of the cervical spine]. PMID- 3254265 TI - [Various aspects of joint contractures in coxarthrosis]. PMID- 3254266 TI - [Popliteal cysts in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3254267 TI - [Surgical treatment of popliteal cysts in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3254268 TI - [Results of the treatment of flexion deformities of the spine caused by ankylosing spondylitis using lumbar osteotomy]. PMID- 3254269 TI - [Use of joined plates in osteosynthesis by the Zespol method]. PMID- 3254270 TI - [Results of the treatment of fractures of the proximal end of the tibia]. PMID- 3254271 TI - [Analysis of the up-to-date methods of treating children with osteosarcoma]. PMID- 3254272 TI - [A case of a child with an accessory leg]. PMID- 3254274 TI - Metastasis. PMID- 3254273 TI - [Instruments for the emergency removal of a Kuntscher nail]. PMID- 3254275 TI - [A case-control study of senile cataract in Tibet]. PMID- 3254276 TI - [Toxicity of amphotericin B to bovine corneal endothelial cells in tissue culture]. PMID- 3254277 TI - [The acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase in the endothelium on the trabecular meshwork in primary glaucoma]. PMID- 3254279 TI - [Simultaneous recording of pattern electroretinogram and visual evoked potential in aging macular degeneration]. PMID- 3254278 TI - [The observation of light damage to the retina. 2. The changes of ultrastructure]. PMID- 3254280 TI - [HLA antigens and sympathetic ophthalmia]. PMID- 3254281 TI - [Observation of accommodation in juvenile myopia]. PMID- 3254282 TI - [Clinical observation on treatment of amblyopia with red light flicker]. PMID- 3254283 TI - [Neodymium: YAG laser therapy in aphakic pupillary block glaucoma and aphakic malignant (ciliovitreal block) glaucoma]. PMID- 3254284 TI - [A retinoblastoma patient with complex translocation-deletion involving chromosomes 5 and 13]. PMID- 3254285 TI - [The clinical analysis of malignant tumors in eyelid and postoperative reconstruction of the eyelid]. PMID- 3254286 TI - [An analysis of 200 cases of vernal keratoconjunctivitis]. PMID- 3254287 TI - Treatment needed and received in an elderly Swedish county population. PMID- 3254288 TI - Periodontal condition, remaining teeth and dental health habits of the aged in Finland. PMID- 3254289 TI - Titanium implants in the treatment of edentulousness: influence of patient's age on prognosis. PMID- 3254290 TI - Diagnostic survey of 9,000 biopsies from three age groups: under 60 years, 60-69 and over 70. PMID- 3254291 TI - Arrest of incipient cervical caries by topical chemotherapy. PMID- 3254292 TI - Dental attrition as an indicator of age. PMID- 3254293 TI - Complete dentures: perceived need vs. professional evaluation of an institutional geriatric population. PMID- 3254294 TI - Oral dyskinesia of the aged: II. Electromyographic appearance and dental treatment. PMID- 3254295 TI - Experiencing dental care: the older person's point of view. PMID- 3254296 TI - Promoting appropriate responses to oral health symptoms in the aged. PMID- 3254297 TI - Restorative dental considerations for the elderly. PMID- 3254298 TI - Sociodemographic differences in tooth loss patterns in U.S. employed adults and seniors, 1985-86. PMID- 3254300 TI - Hematin iron valence in catalase and peroxidase compound I: relationship to free radical reaction mechanism. AB - The material in this paper is centered on the structure of compound I (first reaction intermediate) in the case of catalase and a classical peroxidase (horseradish peroxidase, HRP). The concept of a pi-cation radical is accepted for HRP but is rejected in the case of catalase. A possible mechanism for catalatic action previously proposed assumes FeV for the hematin iron of catalase and hydride ion transfer in the reduction of FeV by the second molecule of H2O2, no free radical being involved. In the case of HRP however, FeIV is assumed for compound I. A hypothetical .OH needed to balance the reaction for the formation of compound I is thought to interact with the pi electron cloud of the hematin prosthetic group, forming the now generally accepted pi cation radical and an OH- ion. Attempts to apply the pi cation mechanism to catalatic action lead to contradictions and implausible chemical reactions. PMID- 3254299 TI - Enzymatic oxidative activation and transformation of the antitumor agent mitoxantrone. AB - Ambient temperature incubation of the anticancer agent mitoxantrone with horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide converts it into a hexahydronaphtho[2,3-f]quinoxaline-7,12-dione in which one side chain has cyclized to the chromophore. The structure of this cyclic metabolite was secured by independent synthesis. This peroxidative conversion of mitoxantrone, the progress of which can be followed spectrophotometrically, is accompanied by formation of a free radical species. The EPR characteristics, and dependence on pH of the latter, suggest it exists as a radical cation. The enzymatic oxidation of mitoxantrone is totally irreversible. The purified cyclic metabolite is a substrate for the peroxidase affording the unstable fully oxidized diimino compound and this reaction is fully reversible upon addition of ascorbate or other biological reductants. Admixture of the fully oxidized diimino product with the reduced cyclic metabolite generates the corresponding radical cation species by disproportionation-comproportionation processes. Independent kinetic studies confirm that reaction of the peroxidase with the cyclic metabolite proceeds more rapidly than with mitoxantrone itself. A derivative of mitoxantrone, in which the side-chain secondary amine functions are acylated, generates a radical cation upon treatment with the peroxidase-H2O2 system but does not cyclize subsequently. Derivatives without phenolic hydroxyls or those in which the phenolic hydroxyls are blocked also undergo peroxidative reaction. These observations suggest that initial peroxidative attack occurs at the aromatic nitrogens of mitoxantrone. The possible relevance of these results to the anticancer action of mitoxantrone and the implications for suppression of lipid peroxidation in vivo are discussed. PMID- 3254301 TI - Actual procedures in evaluation of the uterine cervix lesions. PMID- 3254302 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of estriol (E3) secretion in normal full-term pregnancy]. PMID- 3254304 TI - [Analysis of intra- and postoperative complications of hysterectomy based on the data from the Department of Gynecology of the District Hospital in Torun 1982 1985]. PMID- 3254303 TI - [Effect of physiologic and instrumental labor on the hormonal activity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-thyroid system. I. Physiologic labor]. PMID- 3254305 TI - [Effect of the use of indomethacin in newborn infants with patent ductus arteriosus on the plasma level of PGE2]. PMID- 3254306 TI - [Plasma magnesium (Mg) level during the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 3254307 TI - [Results of periodic cytologic screening of women at one work place]. PMID- 3254309 TI - [Effect of total abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy on the sex life of women]. PMID- 3254308 TI - [Analysis of the indications for hysterectomy based on the data of the Department of Gynecology of the District Hospital in Torun 1982-1985]. PMID- 3254311 TI - Trends in oral disease and health. PMID- 3254310 TI - [Spontaneous uterine rupture in the 18th week of pregnancy]. PMID- 3254312 TI - Recent advances in geriatric dentistry: implications for clinical practice. PMID- 3254313 TI - Oral physiology and the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. PMID- 3254314 TI - Infectious waste quandary? PMID- 3254315 TI - A psychiatric "cure" after extraction of a deciduous tooth. PMID- 3254316 TI - Dietary fluoride supplements for Illinois' children--the role of the dentist. PMID- 3254317 TI - AIDS update. Referral guidelines available. PMID- 3254318 TI - [Meeting on Pathology of Skin Appendages. (Bologna, 29-30 April 1988). Proceedings]. PMID- 3254320 TI - [Histologic aspects of dystrophy of the 20 nails associated with alopecia areata]. PMID- 3254319 TI - [Lichen planus of an exclusive ungual localization]. PMID- 3254321 TI - [A case of Laugier-Hunziker syndrome]. PMID- 3254322 TI - [Melanonychia striata and Addison's disease]. PMID- 3254323 TI - [Subungual melanoma: problems of differential diagnosis]. PMID- 3254324 TI - [Latero-ungual folds of the first toe in the newborn infant]. PMID- 3254325 TI - [Yellow nail syndrome. Description of 2 cases]. PMID- 3254326 TI - [Median ungual dystrophy caused by trauma]. PMID- 3254328 TI - [Hair casts: minimal manifestation of Darier's disease?]. PMID- 3254327 TI - [The hair in a case of biotinidase deficiency]. PMID- 3254329 TI - [Benign pilose tumor of mesoderm origin]. PMID- 3254330 TI - [Possible immunopathogenetic role of mastocytes in alopecia areata]. PMID- 3254331 TI - [Sensitization therapy in severe alopecia areata]. PMID- 3254332 TI - [In situ lymphocyte subpopulation in alopecia areata after treatment with squaric acid dibutyl ester]. PMID- 3254333 TI - [Personality test in patients with alopecia areata. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3254334 TI - [Preliminary results of the use of a microanalysis system of the hair in patients with trichothiodystrophy]. PMID- 3254335 TI - [Pili trianguli et canaliculi. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3254336 TI - [A combination of vitamins A and E in the therapy of moniletrix]. PMID- 3254337 TI - [Aplasia cutis in 2 sisters]. PMID- 3254338 TI - [Cicatricial alopecic sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3254339 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects in scanning electron microscopy of the hair in cicatricial alopecia]. PMID- 3254340 TI - [Disorders of the skin appendages in Bazex syndrome]. PMID- 3254341 TI - [Ito's hypomelanosis. Ultrastructural investigation of the skin and the hair]. PMID- 3254342 TI - [Pathology of the skin appendages in porphyria cutanea tarda]. PMID- 3254343 TI - [Toxic effects of 2% minoxidil]. PMID- 3254344 TI - [Acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa associated with celiac syndrome]. PMID- 3254345 TI - [Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 3254346 TI - Biomaterial and implant surfaces: a surface science approach. PMID- 3254347 TI - Thickness of plasma flame-sprayed coatings on titanium implants exfoliated in dogs. PMID- 3254348 TI - Removal torque of osseointegrated craniofacial implants: a clinical study. PMID- 3254349 TI - Evaluation of three thermoplasticized gutta-percha filling techniques using a leakage model in vitro. PMID- 3254350 TI - Treatment of periapical lesions on dog's teeth using periapically extruded Spad. PMID- 3254351 TI - Thermomechanical compaction of gutta-percha: effect of speed and duration. PMID- 3254352 TI - Self-inflicted injury facilitated as a result of endodontic therapy: a case report. PMID- 3254353 TI - A further study of the antibacterial properties of dental restorative materials. PMID- 3254354 TI - The Oedipus Cycle: developmental mythology, Greek tragedy, and the sociology of knowledge. AB - The Oedipus complex of Freud is based on the inevitability of the tragic fate of a man who fled his home to escape the prophecy of parricide. Thus, he fulfilled it by killing a stranger who proved to be his father. As Freud does, this consideration of the tragedy of Oedipus takes as its point of departure the inevitability of the confrontation between father and son. Where Freud looks to the son, however, I look to the father, who set the tragedy in motion by attempting to murder his infant son. Themes ignored in developmental theory but axiomatic in gerontology are considered in this study of the elder Oedipus. The study begins by noting that Oedipus ascended the throne of Thebes not by parricide but by answering the riddle of the Sphynx and affirming the continuity of the life cycle which his father denied. In the second tragedy of the Oedipus Cycle of Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, this affirmation is maintained. As Oedipus the elder accepts the infirmities of old age and the support of his daughter Antigone, Oedipus the king proves powerful up to the very end of his life when he gives his blessing not to the sons who had exiled him from Thebes, but to King Theseus who shelters him in his old age. Thus, the Oedipus cycle, in contrast to the "Oedipus complex," represents not the unconscious passions of the small boy, but rather the awareness of the life cycle in the larger context of the succession of the generations and their mutual interdependence. These themes are illuminated by a fuller consideration of the tragedy of Oedipus. PMID- 3254355 TI - Clarification and application of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of man. AB - Erik Erikson used the film character of Dr. Borg from Wild Strawberries to flesh out his life cycle conception of ego integrity versus despair in old age. The present application of Erikson is to three women: Augusta Turnley (fiction), Florida Scott-Maxwell, and Arie Carpenter--three distinctly different lifestyles and educational backgrounds. Both the dialectical struggle contained in Erikson's model of old age and the specific concepts of ego integrity, despair and wisdom are made concrete in this theoretical exploration. PMID- 3254356 TI - Risky-choice behavior: a life-span analysis. AB - The purpose of the present study was to systemically test the hypothesis that older people adopt risk-avoiding strategies when faced with risky-choice situations. Ninety-six adults, representing four age cohorts, filled out a risk taking questionnaire consisting of twelve situations demanding a choice between a safe and a risky option. One-half of the choices involved potential losses, the other half involved potential gains. The results indicated that older adults choose no more safe alternatives than do younger adults. Additionally, for all age cohorts, risk avoiding was more evident when choices were between risky and certain gains than when choices were between risky and certain losses. This pattern of responding suggests that older adults do not necessarily adopt a general strategy of avoiding risk options when a safe alternative is available. Instead, risk avoiding, for all age cohorts, appears to be influenced by the parameters of the choice situation. PMID- 3254357 TI - Self-efficacy and depressive symptomatology in older adults: an exploratory study. AB - This exploratory study concerns the relationship between self-efficacy and depressive symptomatology in older adults. Two hundred community-residing older adults were administered the Depression Adjective Checklist and three self efficacy scales over the telephone. The results suggest a strong relationship between general, physical, and global self-efficacy and depression. Finally, physical and general self-efficacy were identified as the strongest predictors of depression. Implications of self-efficacy theory in relation to depressive symptoms as well as suggested practice implications are presented. PMID- 3254358 TI - Communication attitudes and aging. AB - This investigation compared the reported communication attitudes of 102 adults in six age groups. Participants completed the Inventory of Communication Attitudes which examines perceptions of self and others in a number of speaking situations. Discriminant analysis procedures were utilized to examine age group differences. Results indicated significant difference across age groups for perceptions of self and perceptions of others. The two age groups most frequently differentiated from the other groups were those persons in their twenties and those in their sixties. PMID- 3254359 TI - Directions and trends in aging services: a German-American comparison. AB - Services for older people in many countries now appear to have strong similarities. There are, however, important differences in the directions and emphases of these services. This article examines factors related to differing trends in the development of services in the United States and West Germany, two countries that currently have major economic, social, and political commonalities. The differing historical development of these two countries is traced and related to the structure of services for the elderly, the role of professionals in developing these services, and the relative emphases on primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Predictions of future trends in services for older persons in the two countries are also explored. PMID- 3254360 TI - The use of an osseointegrated restoration to resolve a Bolton deficiency. PMID- 3254362 TI - Terminating the doctor-patient relationship: how to have a graceful exit. PMID- 3254361 TI - Morphologic and histometric characteristics of cervical enamel projections in molars of Chinese. PMID- 3254363 TI - Posterior etched porcelain inlays and onlays: treatment planning and technique. PMID- 3254364 TI - Twin zygosity determination on the basis of dental morphology. PMID- 3254365 TI - Post-mortem candidal growth on the tongue. PMID- 3254366 TI - The palatal rugae in an identification. PMID- 3254367 TI - International communication and cooperation in forensic odontology. PMID- 3254368 TI - Is your case really finished? PMID- 3254371 TI - Rapid dry heat sterilization. PMID- 3254369 TI - Indefinite storage of orthodontic records. PMID- 3254370 TI - The value of staff meetings. PMID- 3254372 TI - The posterior joint palpation technique. PMID- 3254374 TI - [Gingivitis in school children 9 to 12 years old in Chiangmai, Thailand]. PMID- 3254373 TI - Comparison of sealing properties of root canal cements. PMID- 3254375 TI - [Board and wrap in child patient in dental clinic at the Pattani Hospital]. PMID- 3254376 TI - The role of tooth extrusion in treatment planning for orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3254377 TI - Injuries to the internal carotid artery following orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3254378 TI - Cephalometric analysis of untreated adults with ideal facial and occlusal relationships. PMID- 3254379 TI - The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics. PMID- 3254380 TI - [Biological treatment of periodontally involved root surfaces. The effect of citric acid and fibronectin application]. PMID- 3254381 TI - [Studies on polyamine of gingival tissues in marginal periodontitis]. PMID- 3254382 TI - [The effect of rat alveolar bone-cultured supernatant on the chemotactic activity of rat peritoneal macrophages]. PMID- 3254383 TI - [Subgingival plaque formation]. PMID- 3254384 TI - [Inhibition of bacterial and mammalian collagenolytic activities by tetracyclines]. PMID- 3254385 TI - [Periodontal therapy by local delivery of minocycline. Clinical study of periodontal therapy by LS-007]. PMID- 3254387 TI - [Masseter muscle reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of periodontal tissues in human subjects. Periodontal-masseteric reflex]. PMID- 3254388 TI - [Clinical and microbiological study on effectiveness and usefulness of LS-007 for periodontitis]. PMID- 3254389 TI - [Application of local drug delivery system to periodontal therapy. 2. Effects of local application of the collagen film immobilized tetracycline]. PMID- 3254386 TI - [Local administration of minocycline for periodontitis. Double blind comparative study of LS-007]. PMID- 3254390 TI - [The effect of initial preparation on occlusal sounds]. PMID- 3254391 TI - [A newly designed brushing machine for use in the rolling technique]. PMID- 3254392 TI - [Adequate brushing methods for periodontal patients. Effects of brushing methods on the removal of supragingival plaque in the malpositioned teeth with linguoversion]. PMID- 3254393 TI - [Minor tooth movement in periodontal therapy. Bodily movement of the separated roots due to furcation involvement]. PMID- 3254394 TI - [Immunologic studies of saliva and serum of patients with periodontal disease. Quantitative estimation of salivary secretory IgA]. PMID- 3254395 TI - [Study of occlusal contact area by occlusal adjustment. 4. Analysis of occlusal contact area in the lateral excursion]. PMID- 3254396 TI - [Experimental study of free gingival grafts. A comparative reference of the periosteal bed and the denuded bone bed]. PMID- 3254397 TI - [Glucocorticoid regulation of alkaline phosphatase in isolated rat osteoblast rich cells]. PMID- 3254398 TI - [Morphological and functional study in vitro on culture cells derived from gingival connective tissue, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone]. PMID- 3254399 TI - [Healing process of experimental trauma from occlusion in rats]. PMID- 3254400 TI - [The determination of endotoxin obtained by subgingival irrigation in periodontal pockets and clinical findings]. PMID- 3254401 TI - [The inhibitory effect of several oral rinses on plaque formation. A scanning electron microscopic study]. PMID- 3254402 TI - [A study of gingival color]. PMID- 3254403 TI - [1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and glucocorticoid regulation of alkaline phosphatase in isolated rat osteoblast-rich cells]. PMID- 3254404 TI - [An immunopathological study of periodontal disease. Chronic sensitization by oral bacteria and periodontitis]. PMID- 3254405 TI - [Enzymatic activity of bacteria from periodontal pocket with advancing periodontitis]. PMID- 3254406 TI - [Prostaglandin E2 production by peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis]. PMID- 3254407 TI - [Growth factor derived human gingival fibroblasts]. PMID- 3254409 TI - [Application of local drug delivery system to periodontal therapy. 3. The duration of therapeutic effect after administration of the collagen film immobilized tetracycline]. PMID- 3254408 TI - [The effect of different kinds of toothbrushes on plaque removal and toothbrushing pressure in scrubbing method of toothbrushing (Report 4). For toothbrushes of nylon bristles arranged in different flexibility of handles and diameter of bristles]. PMID- 3254410 TI - [A study of sharpening. Comparison of abrasive resistance and sharpening efficiency of seven sharpening stones]. PMID- 3254412 TI - Intracellular chloride regulation in amphibian dorsal root ganglion neurones studied with ion-selective microelectrodes. AB - 1. Intracellular Cl- activity (aiCl) and membrane potential (Em) were measured in frog dorsal root ganglion neurones (DRG neurones) using double-barrelled Cl- selective microelectrodes. In standard Ringer solution buffered with HEPES (5 mM), equilibrated with air or 100% O2, the resting membrane potential was -57.7 +/- 1.0 mV and aiCl was 23.6 +/- 1.0 mM (n = 53). The value of aiCl was 2.6 times the activity expected for an equilibrium distribution and the difference between Em and ECl was 25 mV. 2. Removal of external Cl- led to a reversible fall in aiCl. Initial rates of decay and recovery of aiCl were 4.1 and 3.3 mM min-1, respectively. During the recovery of aiCl following return to standard Ringer solution, most of the movement of Cl- occurred against the driving force for a passive distribution. Changes in aiCl were not associated with changes in Em. Chloride fluxes estimated from initial rates of change in aiCl when external Cl- was removed were too high to be accounted for by electrodiffusion. 3. The intracellular accumulation of Cl- was dependent on the extracellular Cl- activity (aoCl). The relationship between aiCl and aoCl had a sigmoidal shape with a half maximal activation of about 50 mM-external Cl-. 4. The steady-state aiCl depended on the simultaneous presence of extracellular Na+ and K+. Similarly, the active reaccumulation of Cl- after intracellular Cl- depletion was abolished in the absence of either Na+ or K+ in the bathing solution. 5. The reaccumulation of Cl- was inhibited by furosemide (0.5-1 x 10(-3) M) or bumetanide (10(-5) M). The decrease in aiCl observed in Cl- -free solutions was also inhibited by bumetanide. 6. Cell volume changes were calculated from the observed changes in aiCl. Cells were estimated to shrink in Cl- -free solutions to about 75% their initial volume, at an initial rate of 6% min-1. 7. The present results provide direct evidence for the active accumulation of Cl- in DRG neurones. The mechanism of Cl- transport is electrically silent, dependent on the simultaneous presence of external Cl-, Na+ and K+ and inhibited by loop diuretics. It is suggested that a Na+:K+:Cl- co-transport system mediates the active transport of Cl- across the cell membrane of DRG neurones. PMID- 3254411 TI - Intracellular pH regulation in cultured mouse oligodendrocytes. AB - 1. Intracellular pH (pHi) and the mechanism of pHi regulation have been investigated in cultured oligodendrocytes from mouse spinal cord using double barrelled neutral-carrier H+-selective microelectrodes. The distribution of H+ was not in electrochemical equilibrium. The pHi was more alkaline than the pH of the bathing medium (pHo), namely 7.5 at pHo 7.2 at 7.6 at pHo 7.4. 2. Removal of HCO3- from the bathing medium reduced the steady-state pHi by 0.4 units. An increase in extracellular K+ caused, with a delay, an increase in pHi. A decrease in pHo to 6.2 caused an acidification of pHi by 0.5 units. 3. The pHi regulation was studied by applying and subsequently removing NH4+ which resulted in an acidification of the cell. The subsequent recovery of pHi could then be analysed. The recovery from an acidification by 1 pH unit lasted 3-10 min. In HCO3- -free solution pHi recovery was slowed. 4. In HCO3- -free solution pHi recovery was completely blocked when either Na+ was removed or when amiloride was applied indicating an exclusive activation of the Na+-H+ exchanger. 5. In the presence of HCO3-, removal of Na+ also completely blocked pHi recovery. When Na+ was readded, pHi recovered. In HCO3- -containing solution amiloride slightly slowed, but did not block pHi recovery. 6. Removal of Cl- or application of SITS, DIDS or furosemide, blockers of Cl- -coupled transport mechanisms, did not affect the pHi recovery in the presence of HCO3-. 7. In conclusion, oligodendrocytes possess two mechanisms regulating pHi, a Na+-H+ exchanger and a Na+-HCO3- co-transporter while the latter is clearly more potent. It follows that pHi regulation of oligodendrocytes is dependent on the transmembrane Na+ gradient and is strictly separated from regulation of internal Cl-. PMID- 3254413 TI - The role of periodontal receptors in the jaw-opening reflex in the cat. AB - 1. In anaesthetized cats, graded electrical stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve at just above threshold for the largest afferent fibres caused inhibition of jaw-closer motoneurones. Stimulus strength had to be increased to 1.5 times threshold with double shocks to cause reflex contraction of the digastric muscle. 2. Inhibition of jaw-closer muscles and excitation of digastric muscle resulted from transients of force applied to the upper canine tooth. However, the threshold for the digastric response was approximately 11 times higher than that of the periodontal afferent units recorded in the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve (MesV). Vibration of the upper canine at 50 Hz, with amplitude adequate to excite periodontal afferents, caused no digastric contraction. 3. Stimulation in the caudal part of the MesV so as to excite periodontal afferents caused no digastric reflex, provided that the stimulus did not spread to other parts of the fifth nerve nuclei. 4. It is concluded that under these conditions the low-threshold periodontal mechanoreceptors cause inhibition of jaw-closer muscles, but no significant excitation of jaw-opener muscles. 5. These findings are discussed from the point of view of the control which periodontal mechanoreceptors may exert over the biting force during mastication. PMID- 3254414 TI - Effects of tracheostomy breathing on brain and body temperatures in hyperthermic sheep. AB - 1. We measured rectal and hypothalamic temperature in sheep breathing nasally and via a tracheostomy, during hyperthermia resulting from exposure to a hot environment, exercise and fever. 2. In normothermic and hyperthermic sheep hypothalamic temperature was up to 1.0 degree C lower than rectal temperature when the sheep breathed nasally. Tracheostomy breathing abolished the rectal hypothalamic temperature difference. 3. In sheep breathing via the tracheostomy and exposed to a dry-bulb temperature of 45-50 degrees C for 2 h, hypothalamic temperature exceeded rectal temperature by about 0.4 degrees C, and was significantly higher than that in sheep breathing nasally in the same environment. 4. During exercise on a treadmill and in the post-exercise period, the difference between hypothalamic and rectal temperature was abolished in the sheep while breathing through the tracheostomy, and rectal temperature rose to higher levels compared to those evident in the same activity while breathing nasally. 5. After an I.V. injection of 0.4 micrograms/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the difference between hypothalamic and rectal temperature again was abolished in the sheep when breathing through the tracheostomy, but rectal temperature rose significantly less compared to when breathing nasally. 6. Our results indicate that selective brain cooling depends on upper respiratory tract cooling in normo- and hyperthermic states in sheep. PMID- 3254415 TI - The characteristics and regional distribution of afferent fibres in the chorda tympani of the cat. AB - 1. Experiments were carried out on the cat's tongue to investigate regional variations in sensitivity to gustatory and thermal stimuli and to determine whether taste buds responding to particular stimuli are unique to specific areas. 2. In ten cats, integrated whole-nerve activity was recorded from the left chorda tympani during stimulation of the anterior, middle or posterior segments of the tongue. The level of activity produced by gustatory or thermal stimuli increased towards the posterior segment of the tongue but the relative activity evoked by each stimulus was similar for each segment. 3. Recordings were made from 108 single units dissected from the chorda tympani; fifty-five responded principally to gustatory stimuli, twenty were principally thermosensitive and thirty-three were purely mechanosensitive. 4. The gustatory units could be subdivided according to the stimuli which evoked the most vigorous discharge; there were sixteen salt units, eighteen acid units, nineteen salt-acid units and two quinine units. The salt units had a higher level of spontaneous activity than the other groups and the acid units supplied more fungiform papillae with a greater separation between them. 5. The two quinine units were both located near to the mid-line posteriorly but all other groups of gustatory, thermosensitive and mechanosensitive units were distributed over all regions of the dorsal surface of the tongue and did not have higher discharge rates in specific areas. 6. Individual stimulation of the fungiform papillae supplied by a single unit revealed that similar responses were evoked from each papilla but stimulation of a single papilla supplied by two or more units could evoke a different response in each unit. 7. This study revealed that the relative sensitivity to gustatory and thermal stimuli was similar in each region of the tongue and that taste buds responding to particular stimuli are not confined to specific areas. PMID- 3254416 TI - Oscillations of free cytosolic calcium evoked by cholinergic and catecholaminergic agonists in rat parotid acinar cells. AB - 1. In single, dissociated, rat parotid acinar cells the muscarinic agonist carbachol evokes a rapid rise in cytosolic free calcium [( Ca2+]i), from near 100 nM to peak levels of up to 1 microM. In the continued presence of the agonist the response decays to a lower, maintained, level. 2. In most cells, at 22 degrees C, oscillations, with a mean frequency of 0.19 Hz, are superimposed upon this elevation of [Ca2+]i. In voltage-clamped cells oscillations of current occur in phase with the oscillations of [Ca2+]i. 3. The oscillations occur in voltage clamped cells, and in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, indicating that neither voltage-gated processes, or an influx of Ca2+ is involved. 4. Oscillation frequency is independent of carbachol concentration, in the range 100 nM to 250 microM, and furthermore, shows no relationship to the mean level of [Ca2+]i during the oscillations. 5. Stimulation with the alpha-adrenergic agonist noradrenaline, in the presence of the beta-blocker propanolol, evokes oscillations having the same frequency as those evoked by carbachol. 6. The oscillations show a strong temperature dependence, the frequency increasing with a Q10 of 2.8. In contrast, the amplitude of the oscillations drops from a mean of 33% of the response amplitude at 22 degrees C, and below, to 6% at 33 degrees C. Above the latter temperature oscillations are not resolvable. 7. The phorbol esters, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate and 12,13-phorbol dibutyrate (1 microM), do not affect the response to carbachol at 22 degrees C, at which temperature the oscillations are of maximum amplitude. Diacylglycerol is, therefore, unlikely to be involved in oscillation generation in these cells. 8. These observations are consistent with a model in which a negative feed-back loop links [Ca2+]i to the mechanisms of Ca2+ elevation, possibly to the inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ release mechanism of the endoplasmic reticulum. If the feed-back path involved an enzymatic step, the slowing of this step at lowered temperatures could give rise to oscillations. At body temperature such a mechanism would act to ensure that [Ca2+]i was elevated in a regulated and dose dependent manner. PMID- 3254417 TI - The effects of changes in muscle length during diastole on the calcium transient in ferret ventricular muscle. AB - 1. Ferret papillary muscles were isolated and injected with aequorin to measure intracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i). Developed tension and [Ca2+]i were measured in response to length changes. 2. A maintained reduction in muscle length produced an immediate decrease in developed tension followed by slow decline over 10-20 min. This slow decline in tension was accompanied by a slow decline in the amplitude of the systolic [Ca2+]i rise (the Ca2+ transient). The immediate decrease in tension was accompanied by a prolongation of the Ca2+ transient and an abbreviation of the twitch. 3. Repeated reductions in muscle length timed to occur only during the period of contraction (systolic shortening) produced an immediate decrease of developed tension but the subsequent slow decline was substantially smaller. The slow decline in the amplitude of the Ca2+ transients was also smaller. The prolongation of the Ca2+ transient and abbreviation of the twitch were similar to those observed with a maintained reduction of length. 4. Repeated reductions in muscle length during the period between contractions (diastolic shortening) did not produce the immediate decrease of tension but the slow decline of tension was present. The slow decline in the amplitude of the Ca2+ transients was also present. However no change in the duration of the Ca2+ transient or the twitch was present under these conditions. 5. These results suggest that diastolic muscle length can influence the amplitude of the Ca2+ transients achieved during systole. This conclusion was confirmed by experiments in which the recovery of tension and Ca2+ transients was observed after periods of rest. Both developed tension and Ca2+ transients on recovery from a rest were reduced when the rest occurred at a short length in comparison with a long length. 6. We suggest that muscle length influences resting [Ca2+]i and this in turn affects the Ca2+ transients and developed tension. PMID- 3254418 TI - Taste responses in the nucleus tractus solitarius of sodium-deprived rats. AB - 1. Maintenance of sodium balance is crucial to mammals and is expressed in the innate salt appetite. With depletion, sodium preference is exaggerated, hypertonic solutions accepted and salt balance restored. This compensatory behaviour is thought to result from a centrally induced change in taste responsiveness. This proposal was tested by recording taste activity from ninety four single neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius of sodium-replete (N = 44) and of deprived (N = 50) rats. Twelve Wistar rats were given a nominally sodium free diet for 10-13 days, and the resulting sodium depletion confirmed by flame photometry of their urine. Nine rats provided control data. Taste stimuli included five concentrations of NaCl (0.003-0.3 M) plus eight other salts, acids, sugars and alkaloids. 2. Taste responsiveness was generally reduced in sodium depleted rats. Spontaneous activity was 33% lower while responses to sodium salts lagged by a mean of 30%, to acids by 25% and to bitter salts and quinine by 17%. Mean activity to sugars was 60% higher in the deprived group. 3. Activity in sugar- and salt-profile neurones was most affected. In deprived animals responses to sodium salts were lower by 80% among salt-profile cells while among sugar profile neurones activity to these stimuli was nearly 10 times greater than in controls. These changes in activity resulted in a dramatic shift in the participation of sodium- and sugar-profile cells in the afferent signal for NaCl. In replete animals 60% of sodium-induced activity was transmitted through salt profile cells while only 1% occurred in sugar-profile neurones. In deprived subjects this situation was nearly reversed as 7% of the total NaCl response was conveyed through salt-profile cells while the contribution of neurones with sugar profiles rose to 46%. 4. Multidimensional stimulus spaces based on average activity in each of four identifiable neurone subgroups demonstrated a shift in the affiliation of sodium salts away from bitter and acid stimuli and towards sugars. 5. These results confirm earlier findings from the chorda tympani that sodium deprivation suppresses activity evoked by sodium salts. However the application of more recent analytical procedures permits quite a different interpretation of this finding. The overall decrease is merely the net effect of a shift in the major responsibility for encoding sodium from salt-profile neurones to those whose primary sensitivity is to sugars.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3254419 TI - Effects of acetylcholine, isoprenaline and forskolin on electrolyte and protein composition of rabbit mandibular saliva. AB - 1. The major purpose of this study was to investigate cellular regulation of the ductal transport processes in salivary glands which act to modify the electrolyte composition of primary saliva and cause it to become hypotonic. This was achieved using an isolated mandibular gland preparation by observing the effect of different stimuli on the electrolyte composition of saliva secreted at the same flow rate, on the assumption that these stimuli do not influence primary saliva composition. The effects of the same stimuli on the volume of primary fluid secretion and on protein secretion were also observed. Proteins were measured in total and as individual components after their separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. 2. Acetylcholine was used as a 'Ca2+-mobilizing' agonist (i.e. one which both elevates intracellular Ca2+ concentration and activates protein kinase C). Isoprenaline was initially used to elevate intracellular cyclic AMP concentration but was subsequently abandoned in favour of forskolin. 3. Acetylcholine was a very potent stimulus of primary fluid secretion. By contrast, isoprenaline and forskolin were essentially without effect, even when superimposed on acetylcholine stimulation. 4. As judged by saliva electrolyte composition, increasing the concentration of acetylcholine enhanced ductal absorption of Na+ and Cl- and secretion of K+ (and presumably HCO3-). Forskolin had the opposite effect: when superimposed on submaximal acetylcholine stimulation it caused saliva concentrations of Na+ and Cl- to remain high and K+ low (i.e. it inhibited ductal transport processes). The inhibitory effect of forskolin on ductal transport could be overcome by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine, and vice versa. 5. Acetylcholine, isoprenaline and forskolin each increased salivary protein secretion, although the kinetics of secretion differed. The spectrum of proteins secreted in response to the three stimuli was the same. The relative proportions of the individual proteins was influenced by the strength of stimulation (i.e. the proportions at high total protein output differed from those at low total protein output) but not apparently by the nature of the stimulus. 6. Thus, the three major secretory processes in the rabbit mandibular salivary gland respond differently to the two major signal transduction mechanisms. For primary fluid secretion, Ca2+ is stimulatory and cyclic AMP almost without effect; for ductal transport, Ca2+ is stimulatory and cyclic AMP inhibitory; and for protein secretion both Ca2+ and cyclic AMP are stimulatory. PMID- 3254420 TI - Effect of tachycardia and constriction of left circumflex artery on coronary flow and pressure in anaesthetized dogs. AB - 1. The effect of graded changes in heart rate between 100 and 160 beats/min and constriction of the left circumflex coronary artery which reduced coronary blood flow was examined in seven anaesthetized and artificially ventilated dogs in the absence of significant changes in aortic blood pressure. Mean diastolic coronary blood flow, and the difference between the mean diastolic pressures in the coronary artery and the left ventricle were related to the increase in heart rate. 2. In all seven dogs diastolic coronary blood flow showed linear increases with heart rate increments with and without coronary narrowing which averaged 70 and 82% respectively. 3. A significant shift to the right in the relation between heart rate and mean diastolic coronary blood flow occurred with each grade of coronary constriction. Coronary blood flow became lower at any given heart rate. 4. The shift to the right in the relation between heart rate and coronary blood flow was associated with decreases in the difference between the mean diastolic pressures in the coronary artery and the left ventricle which accompanied the increase in heart rate. 5. The results suggest that increases in heart rate can enhance diastolic coronary blood flow despite coronary narrowing which reduced flow, possibly through dilatation in myocardial blood vessels. PMID- 3254421 TI - Mechanism of rate-dependent pH changes in the sheep cardiac Purkinje fibre. AB - 1. The mechanism of the rate-dependent decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) and its recovery were studied in isolated sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres. Intracellular Na+ activity (aiNa) and pHi were measured using ion-selective microelectrodes. Twitches were elicited by field stimulation or by depolarizing pulses applied using a two-microelectrode voltage clamp. 2. A 3 Hz train of short (50 ms) depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses induced a reversible fall in pHi which was accompanied by a reversible increase in aiNa. A train of longer (200 ms) pulses also produced a fall in pHi which was now paralleled by a decrease in aiNa. These observations indicate that the rate-dependent acidosis is not dependent upon a rise in aiNa. 3. Neither the fall in pHi nor the increase in aiNa seen upon an increase in action potential frequency was inhibited by amiloride (1 mmol l-1) which indicates that Na+-H+ exchange is not involved in the generation of the acidosis. Furthermore, the rate-dependent acidosis was not abolished in Na+-free solution (Li+ or N-methyl glucamine substituted) indicating that other Na+ requiring processes (such as Na+-Ca2+ exchange) are not a necessary requirement. Rate-dependent pHi changes were also unaffected by the stilbene compound DIDS indicating no participation by Cl--HCO-3 exchange. 4. The rate-dependent acidosis was inhibited by the organic calcium antagonist D600 (20 mumol l-1) which also inhibited twitch tension. This suggests that the acidosis is related to the activation by Ca2+ of developed tension. D600 also inhibited the rate-dependent rise in aiNa (field stimulation). 5. The rate-dependent acidosis was not inhibited by cyanide (2 mmol l-1) but it was blocked by iodoacetate (0.5 mmol l 1) and by 2-deoxyglucose (DOG) (10 mmol l-1, applied in glucose-free solution). These results suggest that the acidosis is generated metabolically via stimulation of glycolysis, following an increase in contraction. Contributions from aerobic metabolism are likely to be small. 6. Twitch tension was inhibited by ryanodine (10 mumol l-1) but the drug had little inhibitory effect on the rate dependent acidosis. A tonic component of tension was observed, however, in the presence of ryanodine. The lack of effect of ryanodine upon the rate-induced acidosis is discussed. 7. The half-time of pHi recovery from the frequency dependent acidosis was consistently shorter than that from an intracellular acid load induced by adding and then removing external NH4Cl (10 mmol l-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3254422 TI - Extraplacental transfer of water in the sheep. AB - 1. Ten pregnant ewes were operated on at 130 days of gestation. The fetal trachea was intubated with a double-lumen tube, an inflatable occluder was placed around the umbilical cord, vascular catheters were placed in the fetal carotid artery and jugular vein and in the maternal jugular vein, and multiple catheters were placed in the amniotic and allantoic sacs. 2. At 139 days gestation, the fetus was ventilated in utero, and the umbilical cord was occluded. The extrafetal fluids were circulated by means of roller pumps. Known activities of radio iodinated human serum albumin, tritium-labelled water and 14C-labelled urea were injected into the amniotic and/or allantoic fluids. Samples were obtained at 30 min intervals for several hours. 3. Extrafetal fluid volumes were calculated from the albumin distribution volumes. The amounts of labelled water transferred to the maternal circulation were calculated from the changes in tracer concentrations in extrafetal fluids and fetal plasma. 4. No labelled albumin was detected in fetal or maternal plasma. The permeability-surface area product of labelled water at the combined amniotic and allantoic interfaces with the ewe was 28.2 +/- 2.8 ml/min (mean +/- S.E.M.). In five preparations the values could be separately calculated for amniotic and allantoic interfaces. The two mean values (19 +/- 4 and 12 +/- 1 ml/min) were not significantly different from each other. The permeability-surface area product at the combined interfaces with the fetus was 0.96 +/- 0.17 ml/min. Urea was so much less permeable than water that no reliable permeability-surface area products could be calculated in all of the preparations. 5. We calculated that the hydraulic conductivity of the combined extraplacental pathway is more than 0.5% of that of the placenta. Because the osmotic gradient across the extraplacental pathway is one to two orders of magnitude greater than that across the placenta, extraplacental transfer of water can significantly affect intrauterine water volume. PMID- 3254423 TI - Variations in contractile properties of rabbit single muscle fibres in relation to troponin T isoforms and myosin light chains. AB - 1. The maximal velocity of shortening (Vmax), tension-pCa relationships and the contractile and regulatory protein composition were determined in single, chemically skinned fibres from adult rabbit plantaris muscles. 2. Three groups of fibres were identified based on their protein compositions. One group had exclusively the slow-type myosin heavy chain (MHC) and myosin light chains (LC) and had low velocities. Another group of fibres had mixtures of fast-type and slow-type MHCs and LCs and had intermediate shortening velocities. The third group of fibres had fast-type myosin heavy and light chains and high velocities. 3. The low-velocity fibres had a mean velocity (+/- S.E.M.) of 0.86 +/- 0.03 muscle lengths/s (ML/s) at 15 degrees C. The remaining fibres formed a continuum with respect to Vmax from 1.37 to 3.94 ML/s. These results indicate that a much greater diversity exists among single fibres from adult mammalian skeletal muscle than previously recognized. The intermediate- and high-velocity fibres formed a continuum (from slow to fast) with respect to the amount of myosin light chain 3 (LC3). That is, Vmax increased with the relative LC3 content in single fibres in the intermediate- and high-velocity groups in a quantitative, statistically significant manner. 4. Three isoforms of fast-type troponin T were identified among the intermediate- and high-velocity fibres. These fibres also contained fast-type troponin C and troponin I. As was the case with the relative LC3 content, these fibres also formed a continuum with respect to the relative proportions of the three isoforms of fast-type troponin T. It appears that different isoforms of troponin T are responsible for a slightly higher Ca2+ sensitivity of tension development in the high-velocity fibres compared to the intermediate fibres. The continuum in troponin T isoform composition paralleled an increase in Vmax among these fibres. 5. The low-velocity fibres had the highest Ca2+ sensitivity of the three groups and had exclusively the slow-type isoforms of the regulatory proteins in the troponin complex. 6. The co-ordinated variations in troponin T and LC3 compositions among the intermediate- and high velocity fibres are discussed as a possible means for the further differentiation of the contractile properties of the fibres in these two groups, beyond that provided by myosin heavy chain isoforms alone. PMID- 3254424 TI - Localization by kainic acid lesions of neurones transmitting the carotid chemoreceptor stimulus for respiration in rat. AB - 1. An attempt has been made to test the hypothesis that in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) in the rat, the most caudal region of synaptic terminals of the carotid sinus nerve, just caudal to the obex, represents mainly the site of synapse of chemoreceptor fibres from the carotid body. 2. Under halothane anaesthesia, the neurotoxin kainic acid was used to lesion this region and a second region, immediately rostral to obex, where terminals are thought to arise mainly from baroreceptor fibres of the carotid sinus nerve. 3. Measurements based on the distribution of fluorescent dye co-injected with the kainic acid showed that the two groups of 100 nl microinjections were centered 0.82 mm apart and that the injectate spread through mean distances of 0.57 mm (caudal microinjections) and 0.52 mm (rostral microinjections). Nissl staining was used to determine cellular degeneration. The caudal lesions mostly involved ventrolateral and commissural subnuclei of NTS and the rostral lesions involved lateral and dorsolateral subnuclei. 4. Ventilatory sensitivity to hypoxia was tested under light halothane anaesthesia, 1 day after lesioning. To enhance the responses, the contralateral carotid sinus nerve was sectioned prior to experiments. Caudal lesions reduced the ventilatory response to inspired oxygen (20.9-9.6% O2) by a mean of 67% and rostral lesions by 18% of the effect produced by carotid sinus nerve section on that side. Subsequent section of the carotid sinus nerve on the side of the NTS lesion confirmed that caudal lesions produced effects comparable to those of carotid body denervation; rostral lesions did not. 5. These results strongly support the hypothesis that chemoreceptor and baroreceptor afferent fibres in the carotid sinus nerve synapse at substantially separable sites in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius. The identification of the site in NTS caudal to the obex as the principal site of carotid chemoreceptor synapses places them close to but not upon respiratory premotor neurones of the same nucleus. PMID- 3254425 TI - Antagonists of mouse paw oedema induced by Habu snake (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom. Inhibitions by various antagonists administered alone or in combinations. AB - When injected into the sole of the hind paw of mice, Habu snake (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom produced a prolonged oedema (72 hours). When administered alone, most of the studied drugs (mepyramine, methysergide, cyproheptadine, indomethacin, aspirin, dexamethasone and aprotinin) inhibited this oedema only partially and transiently (less than 7 hours). Some drugs however (EDTA, Biogel P4, zymosan and celluloses) were able to abolish it progressively. Combinations of some of these drugs resulted in various synergisms; in particular important and prolonged inhibitions were observed with aprotinin-dexamethasone, one of these drugs and EDTA, and especially EDTA-zymosan, which abolished totally the oedema from 2 hours after the injection of the venom to its end (72 hours). Antagonisms between components of combinations were also observed. The mechanisms of these synergisms and antagonisms are discussed. In particular, it is suggested that the blockade of the two pathways "classical" and "alternative", of the complement by EDTA and zymosan respectively might account for their important and early synergism. Antagonisms also helped in indicating some mechanisms of action. PMID- 3254426 TI - Laboratory strains of hamster, gerbil and mastomys maintained at the Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo. PMID- 3254427 TI - Experimental ocular toxoplasmosis with RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii. PMID- 3254428 TI - Potential memory and hysteretic effects in transcription. AB - Kinetic results of RNA-chain elongation catalysed by wheat-germ RNA polymerase II are analysed according to the concept that DNA-dependent conformational transitions of the transcription complex intervene during transcription. A model is presented, involving participation of several forms of the transcription complex with different catalytic properties, generated by the sequence and/or conformation of the DNA template and/or the experimental conditions. The available experimental data suggest that these forms are interconvertible. Examples in which hysteretic transitions might occur are outlined, such as termination of transcription and transition from abortive to productive elongation in the first steps of RNA synthesis. The slow catalytic adaptation of the transcription complex to the template sequence might be a more general phenomenon for enzyme systems acting on polynucleotide templates, in view of the recent proposal that enzyme memory effects may also have some importance in DNA replication and messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. PMID- 3254429 TI - A kinetic thermodynamic phenomenological approach to genetic expression of heat shock proteins. AB - The approach of viewing complex biochemical phenomena as autocatalytic relaxation processes has been introduced previously (Liquori & Tripiciano, 1980; Liquori & Florio, 1985). In the present work this formalism is extended from its original framework regarding cell growth, to the problem of genetic expression. The case of the heat-shock response in organisms ranging from man to bacteria is discussed. Finally, we give some biochemical examples in which the new approach underlines evident temporal co-operativity. PMID- 3254430 TI - Sensory discrimination and the incipient advantage of mutations. AB - Perception follows logarithmic or power functions, rather than linear functions, of stimulus intensity. A small increment in stimulus strength can be sufficient to elicit discrimination between individuals of different phenotypes when the initial stimulus magnitude is near zero. This may confer an incipient advantage to the mutation that caused it. The psychophysics of signal receivers may be a good predictor of the extent of phenotypic changes. For example, slight similarities in color of Batesian mimics to their distasteful model can be sufficient to cause predators to reject the mimics. Color changes produced by single mutations in incipient Batesian mimics should be more extensive in mimicry complexes where the predators are less sensitive to color differences. PMID- 3254431 TI - A method for detecting centres of natural selection in protein structures: potential for predicting the location of functional areas. AB - A simple method has been developed to detect protein microenvironments which are likely to be the focus of natural selection, and thereby important for function. It relies on distinguishing between the probability of an amino acid type arising by genetic mutation and the probability that it will be chosen by natural selection. When applied to proteins of known tertiary structure, the method revealed that major differences exist in the balance between neutral and selected change, and also that functional sites can be highlighted. PMID- 3254432 TI - A single calcium flux triggers chromosome replication, segregation and septation in bacteria: a model. AB - Abrupt changes in the concentration of intracellular calcium, through the mediation of calmodulin, is presumed to play an essential role in many molecular processes in eukaryotes including triggering cell cycle events. Although early studies failed to establish any role for calcium in the growth of bacteria, recent studies have demonstrated that bacteria have several calcium transport systems, and an intracellular concentration of free calcium identical to that of higher organisms, which appears to fluctuate during the cell cycle. Moreover, calmodulin-like proteins have been reported in bacteria, and the growth of E. coli is sensitive to calmodulin inhibitors. In this article we propose that a single flux of calcium, abruptly raising the intracellular concentration of free calcium, is responsible for the triggering in bacteria of the major cell cycle events, initiation of DNA replication, chromosome partition and cell division. We predict that major roles in this process will involve a bacterial calmodulin-like protein and a primitive cytoskeleton. The mechanism of triggering different cell cycle events by a single calcium flux is discussed. PMID- 3254433 TI - Theoretical interpretation of isotope labelling experiments in cells in which the label is chemically incorporated: the example of orthophosphate. AB - Studies of transport across the plasma membrane in intact cells frequently involve measuring the incorporation of a labelled extracellular species into the cells. Unfortunately, if the labelled species is metabolized in the cell, the kinetics of labelling are made more complicated. Using the example of the incorporation of 32P-labelled orthophosphate into cells, we describe a mathematical model which allows for this complication, and show how this may alter the interpretation of experiments. The analysis is widely applicable to cellular labelling studies with any species that undergoes chemical exchange with a large cellular pool. PMID- 3254434 TI - A method for comparing DNA replication programmes at the level of the chromosome bands. AB - During DNA synthesis, each pair of homologous chromosomes replicates its bands in a precise order and at a specific time. When using asynchronous cell populations, this replication programme has to be reconstructed from a series of "stills"- serial samples taken at intervals through S-transit. Obviously, the result obtained is dependent upon the kinetic progression of cells through the cycle, and any perturbation of the cycle. A difficulty arises when we wish to compare the replication programme of a chromosome in two different cultures (e.g. cells from different origins, or after different treatments). Kinetic differences between cultures make it almost impossible to obtain two samples for analysis containing the same "mixture" of cells. Thus, a false programme difference could be introduced, or a real one masked. In this paper, we present a method of comparison that overcomes this problem. It is based upon the observation that with serial sampling of steady-state cell populations through S-phase, band appearance curves are sigmoidal and are very well approximated by cumulative Normal distributions with very similar standard deviations. If a family of such curves, closely spaced in time, is sampled twice, the two observed frequencies for each curve are related, their probits all lying on a single straight line. This line has a slope of 45 degrees and its displacement from the origin is a function of the time interval between the two samples. Given two identical families of such curves, exactly the same relationship will hold if one sample is drawn from each. If, however, the two families differ (in order, spacing, standard deviation etc.), the probit/probit plot will deviate in various ways from a straight line with 45 degrees slope. Any two subsets of chromosome replication-band frequencies can be regarded as derived from a family of cumulative Normal curves and probit/probit comparisons used to test the similarity of their replication programmes. PMID- 3254436 TI - A model of encounters between host and parasite populations. AB - A simulation model of the encounter between host and parasite populations is described. The model is two-dimensional in that it represents hosts and parasites as sums of random numbers. It allows for the manipulation of host and parasite numbers, areas of interaction, congruity of geographic ranges, parasite infectivity, and reproduction, or non-reproduction, of the parasite. The model generates parasite distributions (number of hosts vs. parasite/host classes) and their parameters (prevalence, mean number of parasites/host, variance/mean ratio as a measure of aggregation), and thus reveals the manner in which these parameters vary under different encounter conditions, i.e. their "behavior". Simulation results indicated that the behavior of parasite population mean, prevalence, and degree of aggregation was primarily a function of the rate at which infective stages were supplied to the system. In cases in which infective stages were continuously available, prevalence rose rapidly to nearly 100%, with increasing infectivity and parasite numbers, and the populations were not particularly aggregated. When infective stages were introduced in single large waves, both mean and prevalence remained low and the parasite populations were highly aggregated. Model results were compared with published data sets. The latter were also seen to fall into the two general categories of parameter behavior. PMID- 3254435 TI - A thermodynamic model for force integration and microtubule assembly during axonal elongation. AB - We present here a thermodynamic model for tension and compression forces within axons (neurites) of the specific neural-cell line, PC 12, which seems generally applicable to neuronal growth. We suggest that these forces play a crucial role in microtubule assembly during axonal elongation. The Gibbs free energy change for the axonal elongation phase of neuronal growth is modeled as the sum of the extensional work for pulling on a random actin network, work of assembly for compressed microtubules and surface energy terms. This model explains the results of previously published experiments concerning axonal stability and microtubule polymerization and has been used to predict other phenomena. PMID- 3254437 TI - [Morphometric analysis of the rat lung after exposure to xylene vapors]. AB - Pathomorphologic examinations of laboratory animals' respiratory system, carried out within evaluation of chemical substances toxicity, pose many diagnostic obstacles. Usually, pulmonary pathologies are evaluated based on arbitrarily adopted criteria and subjective "feelings" of a pathologist. To objectivize the results of pathomorphologic studies and evaluation of the usefulness of quantitative morphological techniques, morphometric tests of the lungs of rats exposed to m-xylene vapours of 4000 mg/m3 concentration for 1 and 3 months were carried out. Lungs were expanded by intratracheal insufflation of 10% formalin under controlled pressure of 23-25 cm water column. Using the stereological point -counting method, in microscope preparations evaluated was the relative volume of: a) normal and atelectatic lung parenchyma, b) peribronchial lymphatic tissue, c) interstitial inflammatory infiltrations. Pathological changes were presented in form of numbers; findings were analysed statistically with non-parametric tests of Krushal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney. The morphometric techniques demonstrated significant differences in the lungs of xylene-exposed rats, varying with the duration of exposure and applied dose, as compared to control animals. PMID- 3254438 TI - [Evaluation of motor skills of adolescents from a large city environment attending the Technical School of Mechanical Engineering and the Grammar School in Lodz]. AB - A long-term study on the motor skills of juveniles was carried out. The subjects were 104 students from the Secondary School of Mechanical Engineering (SSME) and 37 from Grammar School (GS). The subjects from each of the schools were divided into two subgroups: those undergoing training in a sporting club (sport group- SG) and those who did not practise any sports in an organised way (non-sport group--NSG). Motor skills were examined with the use of the test battery worked out by Denisiuk (60-metre run, 30-metre run with overturn, high force jump, standing long jump test, 300-metre run, 1000-metre run, medical ball throw). General motor skills were expressed in terms of a synthetic coefficient. The motor skills were found to be at high and intermediate levels. Those evaluated by the Denisiuk battery of tests in the SSME students were higher, as compared to those in GS students. Parameters tested in sport groups were higher than respective parameters in NSG groups. PMID- 3254439 TI - [Reaction time to single and double stimuli in operators of mining equipment]. AB - The study was aimed at a comparison of the results of the reaction time for single (light or sound) and double stimuli (simultaneous emission of light and sound) in machine operators. The studies were carried out under laboratory conditions and in the working environment. The obtained data proved that underground, under specific copper mine conditions, similar to laboratory conditions, the theory of "intersensory facilitation" should be applied. The results of our studies can be useful for ergonomic practice. PMID- 3254440 TI - [Whole blood and plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation in power plant repairmen]. AB - Forty-nine workers employed at power plants repairs underwent examinations and tests of: circulatory system, whole blood and plasma viscosity, red cell aggregation, concentration and electrophoretic picture of serum proteins, levels of glucose in blood and cholesterol and beta lipoproteins in serum. Ten per cent of the test workers exhibited slight deviations of the circulatory system. More pronounced changes, as compared to controls, were found in rheological factors: corrected blood and plasma viscosity and red cell aggregation were increased but hematocrit was decreased. Biochemical investigations showed a fall in serum total proteins and albumins and a rise in serum cholesterol and beta lipoproteins. PMID- 3254441 TI - [Electrophysiologic studies of hearing: current methods in clinical and occupational audiology. I. Brain stem evoked response audiometry (ABR)]. AB - Electrophysiological methods of auditory assessment called evoked responses are an exciting new development with broad implications in the fields of otology, audiology and neurology. At the present time they are the best objective non invasive audiometric tests (versus subjective psychoacoustic examinations) for predicting hearing thresholds in infants and uncooperative patients. Basic concepts of electric response audiometry, most important auditory evoked potentials, their probable sites of generation and classification according to latency i.e. elapsed time between stimulus and response are reviewed. Instrumentation, procedure and technical considerations in recording the brain stem evoked response audiometry (ABR), the most popular recent method for evoked potentials testing are described. Special attention is focused on measurement, identification and interpretation of brainstem responses and their major clinical uses, namely threshold testing of infants, young children and malingerers, diagnosis of acoustic tumors and neurological evaluation of brainstem lesions. Finally, the first own experience with a new employed in our laboratory the evoked potentials system Amplaid MK 10 for clinical testing of auditory pathways are presented and illustrated by some examples of application of brainstem audiometry in diagnosis of occupational noise-induced hearing loss. PMID- 3254442 TI - [Exposure to beta-naphthylamine in the Polish industry]. AB - Data on occupational exposure to beta-naphthylamine obtained from Departments of Occupational Hygiene in Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations have been verified. The verification implied that this compound may occur in air only at the production of phenyl-beta-naphthylamine and in few research laboratories where exposure bears no industrial nature. The exposure to beta-naphthylamine at the production of phenyl-beta-naphthylamine was evaluated. The studies demonstrated that beta naphthylamine occurs in air only at scaling of phenyl-beta-naphthylamine and its concentration does not exceed 0.0024 mg/m3. PMID- 3254444 TI - [Mechanisms of central and peripheral nervous system activity]. PMID- 3254443 TI - Principles for a national health program: a framework for analysis and development. AB - Growing gaps in health insurance coverage have generated increased interest in enactment of major reforms. A framework for evaluating proposals embodying different approaches to a national health program is offered, highlighting seven dimensions: inclusiveness of coverage; comprehensiveness of benefits; financing methods; efficiency of resource utilization; extent of planning and market forces in resource allocation; accountability to beneficiaries; and political feasibility. Four health care reform bills in the Congress are shown either to emphasize political feasibility at the expense or universal coverage and comprehensive benefits, or to stress coverage, benefits, and system reform at the cost of such feasibility. PMID- 3254446 TI - [Mechanisms of radiation action on the nervous system]. PMID- 3254445 TI - [Phenomenology and chronology of a neurotrophic deficit]. PMID- 3254447 TI - [Restructurings of the system of interconnected cortical activity during enhancement of the interference stability of working dominants]. PMID- 3254448 TI - [The conditioned negative wave as an electrophysiological index of the readiness for action]. PMID- 3254449 TI - [The afterdischarge as an index of the functional state of the nerve center]. PMID- 3254450 TI - [Identified neuronal networks in the edible snail]. PMID- 3254451 TI - [Relationship of the reaction time to the conditioned negative wave and second rhythm of the electroencephalography]. PMID- 3254452 TI - [Efferent effects on the activity of the organ of equilibrium in the edible snail]. PMID- 3254453 TI - [An analysis of the mechanisms of cholinergic influences on vascular tonus in in vitro experiments]. PMID- 3254455 TI - [Hoffmann's reflex and the silent period]. PMID- 3254454 TI - [Changes in the nervous system from combined exposure to vibration and hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 3254456 TI - Use of an organic iodine compound to decrease oral microflora in the implant patient. PMID- 3254457 TI - Dedicated to the young, bright, and aspiring. PMID- 3254458 TI - Intervention: a lifeline in the tunnel of despair. PMID- 3254459 TI - Treatment of the chemically dependent dentist. PMID- 3254460 TI - Dentistry in literature. PMID- 3254461 TI - Saliva inhibits HIV infectivity, study finds. PMID- 3254462 TI - A painless retromolar swelling. Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. PMID- 3254463 TI - Prophylactic antibiotic coverage for patients with joint prostheses. PMID- 3254464 TI - To compute...or not to compute? PMID- 3254465 TI - Why I bought a computer. PMID- 3254466 TI - AIDS spreading. PMID- 3254467 TI - Managing income. PMID- 3254468 TI - Malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 3254469 TI - AIDS and the GP: what you must know. PMID- 3254470 TI - Evidence for the existence of two classes of corncob (coaggregation) receptor in Fusobacterium nucleatum. PMID- 3254471 TI - Isolation and characterization of a non-adherent mutant of Streptococcus sanguis G9B. PMID- 3254472 TI - Comparison between different methods for sampling cariogenic microorganisms in persons with exposed root surfaces. PMID- 3254473 TI - Reliability of sensitivity testing of primary culture of acute dentoalveolar abscess. PMID- 3254474 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for Bacteroides gingivalis. PMID- 3254475 TI - Applicability of monoclonal antibodies to quantitatively monitor subgingival plaque for specific bacteria. PMID- 3254476 TI - Effect of hemoglobin and of ferric ammonium citrate on the virulence of periodontopathic bacteria. PMID- 3254477 TI - Selection induction of prostaglandin E production in C3H/HeJ mouse macrophages by lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides gingivalis. PMID- 3254478 TI - Posterior discrepancy and development of skeletal Class III malocclusion: its importance in orthodontic correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion. PMID- 3254479 TI - [Incidence of malignant testicular neoplasms with special reference to the Lodz province]. PMID- 3254480 TI - [Use of biological isodoses "isobioGy-2" in evaluating the response of tumor and normal tissues to fractionated irradiation]. PMID- 3254481 TI - [Causes of death in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 3254484 TI - [Group practice in primary health care]. PMID- 3254482 TI - [Community medicine in Italy]. PMID- 3254483 TI - [Community medicine in Anglo-Saxon experience]. PMID- 3254485 TI - [Community medicine in the education of the medical faculty]. PMID- 3254486 TI - [Epidemiological update (AIDS)]. PMID- 3254487 TI - [Technical and legal principles of reporting AIDS]. PMID- 3254488 TI - [Significance of seropositivity and problems linked to the identification of seropositive persons]. PMID- 3254489 TI - [AIDS: professional risk and means of prevention]. PMID- 3254490 TI - [Primary prevention of HIV infection. Behavioral risks: accurate health education for the population]. PMID- 3254491 TI - [Immunologic prophylaxis and the health professions]. PMID- 3254493 TI - [Organizational problems with mandatory vaccination in the environment of the regional health services of Rome]. PMID- 3254492 TI - [Review of the ministerial instructions for antirabies prophylaxis in man]. PMID- 3254495 TI - [Measles infection: an operational proposal for vaccine prophylaxis]. PMID- 3254494 TI - [Implementation of vaccine prophylaxis in confronting international travellers]. PMID- 3254496 TI - [International prevention: geographic aspects]. PMID- 3254497 TI - [Urban wastes and the risks for health and for the environment]. PMID- 3254498 TI - [Operational response to the norms concerning solid urban and industrial waste: the point of view of the public health worker]. PMID- 3254499 TI - [Comparative analysis of the various methods of solid urban waste treatment in relation to their environmental impact]. PMID- 3254500 TI - [The problem of special, toxic, and hazardous wastes in hospitals and in radioactive hospital refuse]. PMID- 3254501 TI - [Legal aspects and problems relating to the disposal of wastes]. PMID- 3254502 TI - [The plan for solid waste disposal in the Latium Region: operational choices]. PMID- 3254503 TI - [The plan for solid waste disposal in the Latium Region: technical aspects]. PMID- 3254504 TI - [Effect of differential collection on the treatment of wastes in Rome]. PMID- 3254505 TI - [Steroid therapy of obstructive diseases of the bronchi]. PMID- 3254506 TI - Can we lower airway hyperresponsiveness? PMID- 3254507 TI - [Bronchial asthma with aspirin hypersensitivity?]. PMID- 3254509 TI - [How to determine theophylline dosage?]. PMID- 3254510 TI - [Calcium channel blockers and their value in the treatment of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3254508 TI - Plates and anti-asthma drugs. PMID- 3254511 TI - [The serum theophylline level in patients with chronic bronchitis treated with Theodur]. PMID- 3254512 TI - [Effect of fenoterol on hypoxemia associated with the allergen inhalation provocation test in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3254513 TI - [Disorders of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in neoplasms]. PMID- 3254515 TI - New methods of diagnosing approximal caries and alveolar bone loss from bitewing radiographs. PMID- 3254514 TI - [Hemodynamic effect of a single intravenous dose of verapamil in patients with hypoxemic pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 3254516 TI - Three-dimensional CT reformations in craniofacial pathology. PMID- 3254517 TI - The use of radiographs in forensic odontology. PMID- 3254518 TI - [Psychological and social views in stomatological care of the older generation]. PMID- 3254520 TI - [Universal dosage machine for fluorine for drinking water]. PMID- 3254519 TI - [Specific features of the factory stomatologist]. PMID- 3254521 TI - [Effectiveness of comprehensive dental care in preschool age. Part I. Indicators of cariosity]. PMID- 3254522 TI - [Adaptation of the matrix in Class II fillings according to Black]. PMID- 3254523 TI - [Prevalence of orthopedic abnormalities of the jaws in the Martin District. 2]. PMID- 3254524 TI - [Osteoma in the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3254525 TI - [Allergic reaction to propolis. Case record]. PMID- 3254526 TI - [The functional status of the human operator. Assessment and prognosis]. PMID- 3254527 TI - [The immune system under extreme conditions. Space immunology]. PMID- 3254528 TI - Stable isotopic methods for measuring energy expenditure. Applications of the doubly-labelled-water (2H2(18)O) method in free-living adults. PMID- 3254530 TI - Meat and meat products: changes in demand and supply. PMID- 3254529 TI - Patterns of dietary change: the Scandinavian experience. PMID- 3254531 TI - Changes in the demand and supply for milk and dairy products. PMID- 3254532 TI - The nation's diet in context: the future. PMID- 3254533 TI - Metabolic studies using localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 3254534 TI - Measuring metabolic fluxes in organs and tissues with single and multiple tracers. PMID- 3254535 TI - Non-invasive methods for assessment of body composition. PMID- 3254536 TI - Enhancement of growth hormone activity in vivo by monoclonal antibodies: potential for autoimmunization. PMID- 3254537 TI - 1H-NMR spectroscopic study of serums from patients with malaria. PMID- 3254538 TI - 1H-NMR relaxation study of the liposome--nuclei interaction. AB - Phospholipidic liposomes can influence DNA template availability for RNA synthesis when interacting with isolated nuclei by enhancing (when the phospholipids are negatively charged) or by inhibiting (when they are neutral) trascriptional activity. The analysis of the 1H-NMR relaxation behaviour of isolated nuclei, of Small Unilamellar Vesicles (SUV) and of the SUV-Nuclei system has been undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of the interaction between the nuclear core and the phospholipids. PMID- 3254539 TI - Studies on the physical state of water in living cells and model systems. X. The dependence of the equilibrium distribution coefficient of a solute in polarized water on the molecular weights of the solute: experimental confirmation of the "size rule" in model studies. AB - The equilibrium distribution of 14 sugars, sugar alcohols, and other nonelectrolytes in solutions of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and of native and alkali denatured bovine hemoglobin were studied over wide concentration ranges. The results show that the equilibrium concentrations of all the solutes studies are rectilinearly related to their external concentrations. This straight-line relationship demonstrates the existence of these solutes entirely or almost entirely in the aqueous phase of these systems. Therefore the slope of each of these straight lines equals the equilibrium distribution coefficient or q-value of the solute involved. In general, the q-values decrease with increasing molecule weights (M.W.) of the solutes in 15% solutions of PEO, 20% solutions of alkali-denatured hemoglobin (and in 18% gelatin) but not in 39% solution of native hemoglobin. In solutions of PEO, of alkali-denatured hemoglobin studied (and of gelatin) a fraction of the water (20% to 30%) appears to have solvency similar to that of normal liquid water. The experimental findings of M.W. dependent solute exclusion were discussed in the light of four alternative theories that have been offered to explain this type of phenomena. Among these four theories only the polarized multilayer theory agrees with most, if not all the facts known. PMID- 3254540 TI - Studies on the physical state of water in living cells and model systems. XI. The equilibrium distribution coefficients of pentoses in muscle cell water: their dependence primarily on the molecular weights of the pentoses and lesser dependence on their stereospecificity. AB - Studies of the metabolism of four pentoses (D-, and L-arabinose; D-, and L xylose) in frog muscle at 0 degree C revealed that all are metabolized at extremely slow rates. As a result, the metabolic degradation of these pentoses does not significantly affect their equilibrium distribution in muscle cells at this temperature at least. Of the four stereoisomers, three (L-xylose, D arabinose, L-arabinose) were found exclusively or almost exclusively in the cell water, demonstrating a rectilinear distribution pattern; the equilibrium distribution coefficients (q-values) obtained from the slopes of these rectilinear distribution curves are 0.256, 0.274, and 0.271 respectively. The fourth pentose, D-xylose, is apparently partially adsorbed. With the aid of the equation for solute distribution according to the association-induction (AI) hypothesis, the data for this sugar can also be fitted with a theoretical curve calculated on the basis of a q-value close to those for the other three pentoses. The close similarity of the q-values of pentoses which are sterically different, but have identical molecular weights, provides further confirmation of the "size rule", a prediction of the polarized multilayer (PM) theory of cell water, according to which, the q-values are as a rule primarily determined by the molecular weights of the solute and to a lesser extent dependent on its stereospecificity. PMID- 3254541 TI - Effect of high dose alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol acetate pretreatment on adriamycin (doxorubicin) induced toxicity and tissue distribution. AB - When two doses (15 mg/kg) of adriamycin (ADM) were administered to ICR mice pretreated with 500 mg/kg/day of alpha-tocopherol (VE) and alpha-tocopherol acetate (VE-AC) respectively, both the VE and the VE-AC pretreatment groups showed a significant shortening of survival time compared to control group. The concentration of ADM and of total aglycone (AD-NE) was determined in the tissue of mice given a single dose of 15 mg/kg of ADM after pretreatment with 500 mg/kg of VE and VE-AC, respectively, high values were found in liver, kidney and heart tissue compared to the control group. And, particularly the heart tissue of the group pretreated with VE showed significantly higher values of ADM and AD-NE. High AD-NE levels were noted in mouse liver mitochondria (Mt), after pretreatment with both VE and VE-AC, with a significantly higher concentration in the VE pretreated group. A comparison of the uptake of ADM and AD-NE into mouse Mt pretreated with VE or VE-AC in vitro, showed no difference in the ADM value from that of the control group, but both the VE- and the VE-AC-pretreated groups had significantly higher in AD-NE concentrations compared to the control group. PMID- 3254543 TI - Maintenance of amalgam restorations. PMID- 3254542 TI - Proton magnetic relaxation studies in normal and cancerous breast tissues. AB - Proton magnetic resonance (PMR) relaxation times were measured for dissected malignant and normal tissue derived from breast cancer patients. Relaxation time measurements (T1, T2) were carried out at a RF frequency of 20 MHz and at a temperature of 27 degrees C with a Brucker PC 120 NMR Process analyser. The tissue types were confirmed by histopathological examination. In general T1 values were found to be longer for malignant tissues as compared to normal tissues which is in agreement with the earlier observations. The measured T2 values do not exhibit the malignant tissues above. The percentage of water content was also measured in both normal and malignant tissue and was found to be considerably larger in tumour tissue as compared to normal tissue. These results are discussed on the basis of two fraction fast exchange models of water molecules and confirm that PMR relaxation time measurement plays an important role in the differentiation of cancerous tissues from that of normal. PMID- 3254544 TI - Single-tooth rehabilitation using osseointegration. A modified surgical and prosthodontic approach. PMID- 3254546 TI - Fluoride release and color stability of a fluoride-containing composite resin. PMID- 3254545 TI - A comparison of amalgam microleakage between a copal varnish and two resin compatible cavity varnishes. PMID- 3254547 TI - Etiology and treatment of sensitive teeth. PMID- 3254548 TI - [The principal structure and function of the periodontium]. PMID- 3254549 TI - [Prevention of periodontal diseases in light of the examinations of periodontologists]. PMID- 3254550 TI - [Structure of osteal and mucoperiosteal prosthetic foundation (differences in structures and susceptibilities)]. PMID- 3254551 TI - [Estimation of five years' experience in frame denture treatment]. PMID- 3254552 TI - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in Poland 1984-1986. Stage III of epidemiologic studies]. PMID- 3254553 TI - [Changes of the immunologic status of the population as a result of preventive vaccination]. PMID- 3254554 TI - [Cryptosporidiosis in humans]. PMID- 3254555 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of the indirect hemagglutination test for rapid detection of botulinum toxin in artificially contaminated food]. PMID- 3254557 TI - [Analysis of the prevalence of selected health traits in family units. II. Their relation to family characteristics]. PMID- 3254556 TI - [Analysis of the prevalence of selected health traits in family units. I. Correlation of morbidity and attitudes to health]. PMID- 3254558 TI - [Current methods of evaluating the status of oral health]. PMID- 3254559 TI - [Comparison of the status of dentition of the population 35-44 years of age in Poland and other countries]. PMID- 3254560 TI - [Comparison of various needs regarding stomatologic care of the population 35-44 years of age in Poland and in other countries]. PMID- 3254561 TI - [Comparison of the status of the periodontium and oral hygiene among children 8-9 and 13-14 years of age in Poland and in other countries]. PMID- 3254562 TI - [Dental caries among children 8-9 and 13-14 years of age in selected regions of Poland, the USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Ireland, Norway and West and East Germany]. PMID- 3254563 TI - [Incidence of abnormalities of the stomatognathic system among Polish children 13 14 years of age and its comparison with the data from other countries]. PMID- 3254564 TI - [A case of postoperative tetanus in a 58-year-old woman]. PMID- 3254565 TI - [Activity of the hospital commissions with regard to the prevention and control of hospital infections in the Kielce province 1985-1986]. PMID- 3254566 TI - [Chronic fibrotic cardiac stage of experimental trypanosomiasis cruzi in dogs]. PMID- 3254567 TI - Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli Tejera, 1920: influence of host weight, size of inoculum, and route of infection upon experimental parasitemia. PMID- 3254568 TI - [Serologic diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis using an immunoenzymatic method]. PMID- 3254569 TI - [Origin of patients carrying American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the endemic areas of Tres Bracos and Corte de Piedra--State of Bahia-Brazil]. PMID- 3254570 TI - Absence of cross-reactivity between dengue and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). PMID- 3254571 TI - [Morphological changes (fusion? gemination?) in the upper incisal area. Endodontic, surgical and orthodontic treatment. Report of a case]. PMID- 3254572 TI - [Statistics on maxillary cysts]. PMID- 3254573 TI - [Standardized codes for endodontic application]. PMID- 3254574 TI - [4th seminar on the nutrition and feeding of herbivores. Paris, 24-25 March 1988. Proceedings]. PMID- 3254575 TI - [Bacterial colonization of different types of feeds incubated in sacco in the rumen: consequences for estimation of nitrogen degradability]. AB - Kinetics of the microbial contamination of the residues of various feeds incubated in sacco in sheep rumen were estimated using 15N. In sacco, N degradability values, corrected for microbial N contamination were inversely related to the N content of feeds. PMID- 3254576 TI - [In sacco and in vitro study of the diminution in bacterial level in forages and concentrated feeds during their passage through the abomasum]. AB - The detachment of adherent bacteria from feed particles in the abomasum of sheep was assessed by in sacco and in vitro trials using 15N labelled bacteria. This detachment was similar amongst the feed residues tested (40.5%). However, bacteria were found to stick stronger on small (less than 250 microns) than on large particles. PMID- 3254577 TI - [Relative contribution of rumen bacteria, free and fixed to particles, on bacterial flow into the duodenum in the dairy cow]. AB - Mean duodenal flow of bacterial DM (5130 +/- 358 g/d) represented 60% of total duodenal DM flow in dairy cows fed hay and concentrate (50/50). Contribution of solid-adherent bacteria (SAB) to the total bacteria entering the small intestine amounted to 71%. It must be taken into account in the estimation of the duodenal flow of bacterial compounds. PMID- 3254578 TI - [Amino acid composition of the nitrogen flow entering the duodenum in the dairy cow]. AB - Effects of diet on amino acid (AA) composition of duodenal contents were tested in high-yielding dairy cows. For the same non-ammonia nitrogen flow (491 g/d) hay diet gave higher contents in lysine, valine and leucine than maize silage diet. To predict such differences, an attempt is made to estimate duodenal AA content from the AA content of dietary or "by pass" proteins and from recent data on protein digestion. PMID- 3254579 TI - [Measurement of the digestion of dietary nitrogen in different parts of the sheep digestive tract using the nylon bag technic]. AB - The nylon bag technique, standardized for studies in the rumen, was extended to the abomasum, small and large intestines. This simple and physiological method provided valuable information on the nitrogen digestion of several feeds. PMID- 3254580 TI - [Retention of large-size particles in the reticulum of the cow]. AB - To explain the retention of large particles in the reticulum, in vitro sedimentation, sorting of particles by gas production and flow of contents through a hole simulating the reticulo-omasal orifice (ROO) were examined. Removal of large particles from the floor of the reticulum by gas production and a sieving mechanism through the ROO are discussed. PMID- 3254581 TI - [Analysis of the distribution of particle sizes at different levels of the digestive tract]. AB - An exponential distribution model was fitted to the particle size data of samples of digesta from sheep fed lucerne hay. It was best fitted to the oesophagus and rumen samples, which contain large particles, than to the duodenum and faeces samples. PMID- 3254582 TI - [Masticatory cycles of the rumination type in vagotomized lambs]. AB - Contractions of the fluid-filled RR dependent upon the activity of the myenteric plexus were observed within 2 weeks after vagotomy in sheep maintained on a liquid diet. Spontaneous but not adrenergic evoked rumination was recorded beyond the 5th week after vagotomy. The observation of ruminating-like activity during 120 to 200 min per day in chronically-vagotomized sheep indicates that the onset of rumination does not require a gastric afferent pathway. PMID- 3254583 TI - [Modification of food and water intake after experimental duodenal occlusion in the sheep]. AB - A duodenal occlusion was performed near the pylorus in 10 sheep fed hay ad libitum and barley (350 g/day). The first day, grain intake ceased and a 60% decrease in forage and water intake occurred. Hay intake approached zero on day 4, but some water intake persisted, probably because of the continuation of diuresis. PMID- 3254584 TI - [Comparison of the retention time of particles of dehydrated lucerne and of the liquid phase of digesta in the digestive tract of sheep]. AB - The mean retention time (MRT) of particles of ground and pelleted dehydrated lucerne was compared to that of the liquid phase in different parts of the sheep digestive tract. It was not different in the reticulo-rumen but it was greater in the stomachs and the whole tract, mainly because of a faster rate of passage of fluid in the abomasum and small intestine. PMID- 3254585 TI - [Comparison of different methods of calculating the retention time of feed residues in the total digestive tract of the dairy cow]. AB - Two-compartment time-independent model (2C) and one-compartment time-dependent model (1C) of degree 2 for concentrates and 3 for forages provided estimates of total mean retention time (MRT) in the digestive tract which were similar to direct calculations but more variable. Model 1C was found superior in fitting the data. PMID- 3254586 TI - [Measurement of digestive transit time in the ruminant calf: comparison and validation of models for fit of the kinetics of passage]. AB - Three models of marker passage analysis were compared. None of them was found to be superior in fitting the data. The 3 models provided similar estimates of the mean retention time of hay in the whole digestive tract and in the rumen of calves. Discrepancies between models for other compartments are discussed in relation to sampling sites. PMID- 3254587 TI - [Measures of ileal flux in the rabbit: comparison of ytterbium and mordant chromium and representativity of the digesta collected]. AB - Ytterbium was compared to mordant chromium fiber to estimate ileal flow in adult rabbits. The flows of organic matter (OM) and of cell-walls (CW) were not significantly different between the two markers. CW were not degraded in the intestine, while 49% of digestible OM disappeared before the caecum. PMID- 3254588 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative variations in the bile acids in the gallbladder bile of rabbits as a function of the cell wall content of the diet]. AB - Two experiments were carried out to study the biliary acids in the rabbit gallbladder. The first studied the effect of diet: commercial rabbit feed, 70% lucerne diet, 70% beet pulp diet. The second experiment studied biliary acids in two groups of young rabbits sacrificed at 28 and 33 days of age, respectively. The concentrations of cholic and glycocholic acids were shown to vary significantly with diet. The composition of the bile of young rabbits differed from that of adults. PMID- 3254589 TI - [Antibodies against dietary proteins and intestinal permeability to macromolecules in the preruminant calf receiving pea flour]. AB - Feeding a milk-substitute diet containing raw pea flour to preruminant calves resulted in the production of anti-pea protein antibodies. Immunoreactive legumin could be evidenced in blood plasma between the second and the fifth meal. Plasma immunoreactive beta-lactoglobulin increased up to the third or seventh week and decreased thereafter, showing a transient rise of gut permeability to macromolecules, probably due to intestinal inflammatory reactions. PMID- 3254590 TI - [Mechanisms implicated in the intestinal allergic reaction to soya proteins in the preruminant calf]. AB - Studies of intestinal motility in calves given antigenic soya protein or sucrose showed disturbances linked to diarrhoea. Disorders arising from feeding antigenic soya protein were distinct from abnormal motility induced by indigestible carbohydrate. Suppression of the digestive disorders by a drug having anti allergic properties implied the involvement of an immunological mechanism. PMID- 3254591 TI - [Absence of effects of a dietary excess of leucine on the postprandial kinetics of plasma glucagon and cortisol in the preruminant lamb]. AB - Plasma concentrations of cortisol and glucagon have been measured in preruminant lambs after feeding a meal containing either 2.3 or 10.6 g leucine/100 g dry matter and were found similar. These two hormones are probably not involved in the effects induced by dietary leucine excess. PMID- 3254592 TI - [Nyctohemeral variations in the ammonia concentration in rumen fluid, in dairy cows during the peripartum period]. AB - Automated and continuous recording of ammonia concentration in rumen liquor (Godeau et al., 1986) was performed on four cows around their first calving. Results suggest an insufficient concentration in early lactation. PMID- 3254593 TI - [Augmentation of the urea retention capacity of the kidney in protein-deficient sheep: role of the kidney pelvis]. AB - Sheep fed a low-protein diet reduced renal urea excretion. An important fraction of urea perfused into the renal pelvis via the ureter, is reabsorbed through the pelvic epithelium. PMID- 3254594 TI - [Hepatic expression of the apolipoprotein B gene in the cow during lactation]. AB - Variations in apoprotein B hepatic expression were evaluated during lactation in dairy cows. Apoprotein B mRNA levels were significantly decreased in early lactation and this was accompanied by triglyceride accumulation in the liver. PMID- 3254595 TI - [Study of hepatic steatosis at the start of lactation in dairy cows consuming grass silage]. AB - A survey of the incidence of post-parturient fatty liver in high yielding dairy cows was carried out on 74 cows from 34 dairy herds fed grass silage. Triglyceride determination in liver biopsies indicated that 20% of the cows had a moderate or severe fatty liver between 5 and 21 days postpartum. PMID- 3254596 TI - [Effects of a duodenal infusion of rapeseed oil in cows in full lactation. 1. Food intake, production and composition of milk, content of circulating metabolites]. AB - Rape-oil was continuously infused (1.1 kg/d) during at least 3 weeks in 9 cows after the second month of lactation. Oil-free dry matter intake was decreased ( 2.6 kg/d) as well as milk protein content (-2.7 g/l). A loss of empty body weight occurred during oil infusion. Preprandial blood glucose tended to decrease, whereas 3-OH-butyrate and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) tended to increase. Post-prandial NEFA, and NEFA after isoproterenol injection, were increased, as well as mammary apparent extraction of blood triglycerides. PMID- 3254598 TI - [Secretion of fatty acids into milk as a function of the characteristics of the diet and the nutritional status of the goat at the onset of lactation]. AB - The amounts of 11 milk fatty acids secreted by 210 individual goats during the 2nd week of lactation were explained by 4 variables: the intake of digestible organic matter and ether extracts, the organic matter digestibility and a lipid mobilization index. Significant effects varied according to the acids. About a quarter of the absorbed acetate equivalent appeared to be secreted as milk fat. PMID- 3254597 TI - [Effects of a duodenal infusion of rapeseed oil in cows in full lactation. 2. Lipogenic and lipolytic activities of the perirenal adipose tissue]. AB - Oil infusion tended to decrease acetate incorporation into lipids by perirenal adipose tissue in vitro, without changing glucose incorporation into glyceride glycerol. Lipolysis (glycerol release) tended to increase when suboptimal concentrations (4 x 10(-7)M) of isoproterenol were used. Free fatty acid release (basal and isoproterenol stimulated) was significantly increased. Clonidine (an alpha-2 agonist) decreased the isoproterenol (4 x 10(-7)M) stimulated release of glycerol and free fatty acid, but only in oil-infused cows. PMID- 3254599 TI - [Influence of fasting and the dietary lipid content on ketogenesis in isolated rabbit hepatocytes]. AB - Ketogenesis was measured in isolated liver cells from fed or 48 h starved rabbits given either a low fat diet (3%) or a high fat diet (18%). In the fed rabbits, ketogenesis with butyrate, octanoate and oleate was greatly enhanced by the high fat diet. In the starved animals the increase in ketogenesis was moderate and only observed with oleate and butyrate. Results are discussed in relation to in vivo observations. PMID- 3254600 TI - [Estimation of body water in the lactating goat by injection of urea]. AB - Urea dilution technique (130 mg/kg live weight) was used to estimate total body water (BW) in 12 goats. Empty body water (EBW) determined by lyophilization was more closely related to urea space (US) than total BW. EBW was estimated with a better precision (CV = 4.7%) from the prediction equation including US measured 20 min after urea infusion and body weight. This urea technique was considered convenient. PMID- 3254601 TI - [Estimation of the quantity of herbage ingested by dairy cows on pasture land. Comparison of methods of estimating digestibility and the mode of fecal sampling]. AB - Herbage intake of grazing dairy cows was estimated with several techniques. Grab sampling introduced an upward bias in the estimate of faecal output in comparison with field sampling. Estimates of OM digestibility by NIR and faecal index methods were similar except with high level of concentrates. PMID- 3254602 TI - [Respective effects of the quantities ingested and physiological stage on the digestibility of the same diet in dairy cows]. AB - The variations in digestibility of the same diet (65% maize silage-35% concentrates) in dairy cows during pregnancy and lactation are explained both by dry matter (DM) intake variations (more than 1 pt of decrease in digestibility per kg of increase in DM intake) and physiological stage: digestibility is lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy or mid-lactation. PMID- 3254603 TI - [Effect of the mode of incorporation of lucerne serum on digestibility and microbial activity in the rumen]. AB - The extraction of protein from lucerne produces some liquid residue (called lucerne serum), the effects of which were studied on rumen microbial activity in 6 adult fistulated wethers. The introduction of the serum directly into the rumen stimulated cellulolytic activity whereas its incorporation into the lucerne solid residue before dehydration seemed to have no effect. PMID- 3254605 TI - Delegation--who's in charge of what? Is anyone? PMID- 3254604 TI - [Effects of addition of palmitostearin or soybean oil on the protozoa in the rumen of dairy cows and sheep]. AB - Addition of unprotected palmitostearin (P; 10.6% DM intake) or soybean oil (SO; 8.7% DMI) to a hay/diet concentrate (50/50) led to no significant differences in the total number of protozoa in rumen liquid of dairy cows and sheep, and in the distribution and postprandial variations of protozoan species. Chemical analysis of purified protozoa revealed no significant effects of lipid supplementation on their total N, RNA and lipid contents. However, there was a specific incorporation (P less than 0.05) of C16:0 and C18:2 acids in the free fatty acid fraction with the P and SO diets respectively. PMID- 3254606 TI - Fabrication procedures for baseplates and occlusion rims for centric registration. PMID- 3254607 TI - Implants--success or failure? PMID- 3254609 TI - Dental caregivers and the seven "classic" intentional torts. PMID- 3254608 TI - OSHA hazard communication standard. Part II. PMID- 3254610 TI - Gastrointestinal motility studies in Scandinavia. Proceedings from the first scientific meeting of SAGIM. Scandinavian Association for Gastrointestinal Motility. Oslo, 1987. PMID- 3254611 TI - Is standardization of pressure and pH measurement in the oesophagus possible to accomplish in the future? AB - The interpretation of the manometric results depends on reliable equipment and the technique used. The use of the Bernstein test and the acid clearing test are discussed. The difficulties in obtaining comparable results from long-term pH measurement with different pH-probes, the placement of the probe and the problems with the position of the subject and the oral intake before or/and during the investigation are dealt with. It is concluded that standardization of the oesophageal function test within different centers are still a major problem, which will take considerable time to solve. PMID- 3254612 TI - The problem of lower esophageal sphincter manometry. An experimental study in vitro. AB - The relation between sphincter pressure recorded by manometry and sphincter function was studied in three different in vitro models of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). - A LES was simulated on gastroesophageal specimens by application of external pressure (A Starling model - model I), rubber band(s) (model II), or loaded plastic band loop(s) (model III). - Pressure in the simulated sphincters (SP) was recorded by pull-through manometry using either a continuously infused 4.5 mm thick composite catheter with three sidehole channels and a central longer thin endhole channel or a simple thin endhole catheter. SP was recorded with empty stomach (RSP), during gastric filling and at reflux. Gastric pressure at which reflux occurred - opening pressure (OP) - was used as a measure of function of the simulated sphincter. - RSP recorded by the sideholes was the same or higher in model I, higher in model II, and lower in model III than RSP recorded by the endhole. OP was equal to RSP (endhole) in model I but lower than RSP (endhole) in models II and III. External support to the esoPhageal specimen was recorded by the corresponding sidehole as increased pressure. - The models demonstrated a complex relation between recorded SP and OP that, however, could be explained by the different properties of the three models and La Place's law. Both sideholes and endhole seemed to record true pressures but the endhole recorded the pressure in the closed sphincter and was insensitive to pressure asymmetria caused by external support. These studies suggest that RSP recorded by a thin endhole catheter is a direct measure of sphincter strength which we expect determines sphincter function. PMID- 3254613 TI - The relation between antral contractile activity and the duodenal component of the migrating motility complex. AB - The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between antral and duodenal fasting motor activity in 19 healthy volunteers using a perfused tube assembly with side-holes placed in the distal antrum, second part of the duodenum and in the duodenum near the ligament of Treitz. Registrations were performed until the end of the second duodenal phase III. Eighty-two per cent of the duodenal phases III were preceded by antral activity. The duration of duodenal phase III showed a positive correlation to the preceding number of antral contractions (p less than 0.001) as well as to antral phase III (p less than 0.05), but no correlation to the duration of antral phase III was found. The duration of the migrating motility complex (MMC) showed a positive correlation to the duration of duodenal phase III (p less than 0.05), but no correlation to the preceding number of antral contractions were found. It may be concluded that the level of duodenal activity is very dependent on the preceding antral activity. PMID- 3254614 TI - The effects of glucagon and glucagon-(1-21)-peptide on antroduodenal motility in healthy volunteers. AB - Since it has been argued that the spasmolytic effect of glucagon is related to the first 21 N-terminal amino acid residues, and not to the complete molecule, we have compared the effects of glucagon-(1-21)-peptide (G-(1-21) and glucagon on human antroduodenal motility. Glucagon and G-(1-21) were given as bolus injections to 30 healthy volunteers equally allocated into five groups. Each subject received two doses; one was placebo, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg of glucagon, the other was an equimolar doses of G-(1-21) (placebo, 0.175, 0.35, 0.70 or 1.4 mg of G-1-21). The first injection was given during phase II of a migrating motility complex (MMC), and the next during the following phase II. Contractile activity was recorded using an oral tube with one sidehole positioned in the antrum and two in the duodenum. We confirmed that glucagon decreases the number of contractions in the antrum and duodenum and that normal phase II activity was restored within 20-40 minutes proportionally to the amount of the drug given. G-(1-21) did not change antroduodenal motility nor did it affect the phase II pattern in any of the groups. Neither were any side effects encountered. G-(1-21) does not seem to be an alternative to glucagon and other spasmolytic drugs for obtaining relaxation of the antroduodenal area. PMID- 3254615 TI - Some comparative aspects on biliary motility in animal species. PMID- 3254616 TI - Gastrointestinal and colonic segmental transit time evaluated by a single abdominal x-ray in healthy subjects and constipated patients. AB - Gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) and segmental colonic transit times were studied in 56 healthy subjects by repeated daily ingestion of 10 radiopaque markers followed by abdominal x-ray. A seven-day procedure including marker intake for 6 days and a single radiograph on day 7 was found to be a simple method to differentiate between rapid, normal and prolonged transit. Addition of 20 distinguishable markers on day 6 helped to describe transit profiles. Healthy women had longer GITT than men (median 2.4 and 1.9 days, respectively) measured as mean 50% excretion time for the ingested doses of markers. For comparisons with patients percentiles for transit were calculated. In constipated patients the 7-day method demonstrated prolonged GITT as well as transit dysfunction in separate colonic segments. The method seems convenient for clinical use in diagnostic as well as therapeutic studies of colonic transit. PMID- 3254617 TI - Alteration in chromatin conformation of proliferating and differentiating enzyme genes in normal mouse liver and ascites hepatoma cells and its relation to the gene expression of enzymes. AB - Nuclei from the normal mouse liver were partially digested with micrococcal nuclease, followed by DNA extraction, agarose gel electrophoresis and dot blot hybridization with 32P-labeled cDNA probes of CPS1 and ACT complex. It was clearly shown that the CPS1 genes were distributed on the monomer, dimer. and trimer of nucleosomes, while the genes coding for ACT complex were distributed on the condensed oligonucleosomes. An opposite manner of distribution of CPS1 and ACT complex genes was, however, noted in the case of ascites hepatoma cells, in which the specific activity of ACT was 13 times higher than that in the normal liver, while that of CPS1 was remarkably reduced. Similar patterns of change in mRNA level of CPS1 and ACT complex were observed in the normal mouse liver and ascites hepatoma cells, indicating a close relationship between chromatin structure and gene expression of these enzymes. PMID- 3254618 TI - A conservative approach to esthetics: a team treatment report. PMID- 3254619 TI - Injury to the permanent tooth germ following trauma to the deciduous predecessor. PMID- 3254620 TI - General practitioner's radiology casebook XIV. Ameloblastoma. PMID- 3254621 TI - Tetracyclic triterpenes. XII. Reduction of 7-carbonyl group in 4,4,14 alpha trimethyl-5 alpha-cholestane with unnatural 9 beta-configuration. AB - The carbonyl group in 3 beta-acetoxy-9 beta, 11 beta-epoxy-5 alpha-lanostan-7-one (1) was found resistant to reductions with conventional mild reducing agents. Reduction with LiAlH4 proceeded with unusual stereochemistry reflecting the steric crowding of the 7-carbonyl group in the folded conformation of the substrate possessing the unnatural 9 beta-configuration. PMID- 3254622 TI - The chemistry of 9 alpha-hydroxysteroids. 1. Preparation of 9 alpha,17 beta dihydroxy-17 alpha-ethynylandrost-4-en-3-one. AB - 9 alpha-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione 1, when allowed to react with dipotassium acetylide in tetrahydrofuran, resulted, after chromatographic separation, in 4 methyl-19-norandrosta-4,9-diene-1,17-dione 2, 4 xi-methyl-19-norandrosta 5(10),9(11)-diene-1,17-dione 3, 4-methyl-17 alpha-ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxy-19 norandrosta-4,9-dien-1-one 4, 4 xi-methyl-17 alpha-ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxy-19 norandrosta-5(10),9(11)-dien- 1-one 5, and 17 alpha-ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxy-9,10 secoandrost-4-ene-3,9-dione 6. Selective protection of delta 4-3-ketone of 9 alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione 1 as its dienol methyl ether 7, and subsequent reaction with lithium acetylide-ethylenediamine followed by acidic hydrolysis, afforded 9 alpha,17 beta-dihydroxy-17 alpha- ethynylandrost-4-en-3 one 8. PMID- 3254623 TI - Covalent immobilization of the estrogen receptor to a cationic N hydroxysuccinimide ester derivative of agarose. AB - Covalent immobilization of the soluble estrogen receptor from a rabbit uterus to N-hydroxysuccinimide ester derivative of agarose is shown. At first, the condition for the immobilization reaction was examined. The non-immobilized receptor was extracted with 0.4 M NaCl-containing medium. Sixty seven to 80% of the input receptor were immobilized within 30 min at 0 degrees C in 0.1 M HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid, pH 7.4). The immobilized [3H]estradiol(3,17 beta-dihydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratriene)-receptor complex was stable for at least 24 h. The optimum pH for immobilization was 7.4. Ca2+ or Na+ ions in the reaction media decreased the yields in immobilization of the receptor to the reagent with an electrostatically positive spacer arm. Next, influences of immobilization on the receptor were examined. The dissociation rate of [3H]estradiol from the immobilized receptor was a little slower than that from the native receptor. The estrogen-free immobilized receptor was saturated by incubating with 10 nM [3H]estradiol for 10 h at 0 degrees C in 0.1 M HEPES (pH 7.4). From Scatchard plot analysis, it was found that the hormone binding affinity in the immobilized receptor decreased to approximately one-fourth of that in the native receptor. PMID- 3254625 TI - A kinetic analysis of the inhibition of human prostatic 5 alpha-reductase by 4 hydroxyandrostenedione and related steroids. AB - The inhibition of human prostatic 5 alpha-reductase by androstenedione (A), 4 hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OH-A), and 4-methoxyandrostenedione (4-MeO-A) was studied. All three steroids inhibited 5 alpha-reductase in a concentration dependent manner. The inhibition was competitive with respect to testosterone and non-competitive with respect to NADPH, indicating that these compounds inhibit 5 alpha-reductase by acting as alternative substrates. Ki values obtained were in the range 0.21-0.3 microM (A), 1.01-2.04 microM (4-OH-A), and 10.2-28.3 microM (4 MeO-A). Thus the two derivatives of androstenedione are poor inhibitors of 5 alpha-reductase and appear to have limited clinical potential. PMID- 3254624 TI - Radiometric quantitation of delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5 alpha-oxidoreductase utilizing high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A reliable isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure has been developed for the separation and subsequent radiometric quantitation of delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5 alpha-oxidoreductase enzyme activity. The specificity of this HPLC procedure has been confirmed through the use of authentic androgen radioisotopes, linearity of detector response, and mass spectral analysis. In conjunction with this we have also developed a simple Sep-Pak sample preparation procedure which allows the uniform complete isolation of these androgens from epididymal tissue homogenates. Utilizing these procedures we have determined the regional distribution of 5 alpha - reductase in the epididymis of the CD-1 mouse. Regional differences in enzyme activity were found between the caput-corpus and cauda regions. Enzyme activity (specific activity) was higher in the caput-corpus region (28.98 pmol 5 alpha - reduced androgens formed/h/mg protein) than the cauda region (6.20 pmol 5 alpha - reduced androgens formed/h/mg protein). PMID- 3254626 TI - Studies on type II progesterone receptor in MCF-7 cells. AB - These experiments demonstrate for the first time the existence of a Type II progesterone receptor (RpII) in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. RpII was shown to have a lower affinity for tritiated progesterone ([3H]Pg) (Kd greater than or equal to 13 nM) than classical Rp (Kd less than or equal to 3 nM). RpII was detected by cytosolic, nuclear, and whole cell assays of MCF-7 cells. Scatchard analysis of [3H]Pg binding data revealed that classical Rp but not RpII could be recompartmentalized from the cytosolic to the nuclear pool by treating cells 1 h at 37 degrees C with 1 microM Pg. RpII levels were shown to be increased more than two-fold by growing MCF-7 cells for 4 days in 10 nM estradiol (E2) plus 100 nM Pg when compared to either untreated cells or to cells treated with only E2. PMID- 3254627 TI - Glucosylations of pregn-5-ene-3 beta,20R-diol. AB - The four possible monoglucosides of the pregn-5-ene-3 beta,20R-diol were synthesized along with a mixture of the four possible 3,20-diglucosides. The glucosides were characterized by HPLC and mass spectrometry. PMID- 3254628 TI - Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of progesterone in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - [4-14C]Progesterone was administered to two cycling female monkeys during the luteal phase of the cycle, and blood and urine were sampled over a 24 h period. Progesterone had a volume of distribution of 1.75 +/- 0.3 L/kg, and a plasma elimination clearance of 0.06 +/- 0.03 L/kg/min. In comparison to the human, plasma progesterone binding was greater and progesterone clearance was slower in the cynomolgus monkey. The major unconjugated metabolite in plasma was 20 alpha hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. In urine 6.2% of 14C-steroids were unconjugated, 2.3% of which were [14C]progesterone. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of conjugated metabolites in urine revealed that 24% had the mobility of sulfates, 19% that of glucuronides, and 52% were more polar. After hydrolysis of conjugates, a major fraction chromatographed with pregnanediol. However, despite evidence for the presence of a 20 alpha-hydroxyl group, none of the pregnanediol isomers could be identified among these 14C-steroids. Nevertheless, over 80% of urinary metabolites had sufficient analogy to pregnanediol to bind to an antiserum specific for ring D and the C-17 side-chain of pregnanediol. PMID- 3254629 TI - Formation of 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol from pregnenolone in human testicular microsomes. AB - A microsomal fraction of testicular tissue from a patient with prostatic carcinoma was incubated with [4-14C]pregnenolone in the presence of an NADPH generating system for different periods of time. The metabolites were separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and then identified by thin-layer chromatography, radio-gas chromatography, and crystallization studies. Pregnenolone was converted to a major metabolite, 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta diol via 17-hydroxypregnenolone and then dehydroepiandrosterone. Another major metabolite was 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol, which increased with the time of incubation and accumulated in the incubation medium. After 120 min of incubation, 34.6% of the precursor was converted to 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol and 15.1% to 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol. In addition to the above-mentioned steroids, 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, 5-pregnene-3 beta,20 alpha-diol, and 5 androstene-3 beta,17 alpha-diol were identified as minor metabolites of pregnenolone. From these results it was concluded that human testicular microsomes possess enzymic activities for the synthesis of 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol, as well as androgens from pregnenolone. PMID- 3254630 TI - Corticosteroid 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in vertebrate liver. AB - In this paper, we examine corticosteroid 11 beta-oxidation and 11-reduction as properties of the microsomal 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase complex in vertebrate livers. No hepatic activity in the oxidative direction (11 beta dehydrogenase) was found in the frog, toad, mud puppy, shark, and bird livers. In contrast, all mammalian livers had active oxidizing enzymes. Latency, defined as microsome-linked activity released by the detergent Triton DF-18, was a property of 11 beta-dehydrogenase in all mammalian livers. Mammal, bird, and dogfish livers reduced 11-dehydrocorticosteroids (11-reductase), while amphibians and bony fish did not. With the exception of rat liver, latency was a property of all the mammalian liver 11-reductases examined. PMID- 3254631 TI - A rapid approach to 11 alpha-hemisuccinylprogesterone synthesis. AB - The synthetic hapten 11 alpha-hemisuccinylprogesterone (11 alpha-hemisuccinyl pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione), when linked to the appropriate macromolecular carrier, has been used successfully as a solid-phase antigen for progesterone detection in immunoassay. In this study the synthesis of 11 alpha-hemisuccinylprogesterone from 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone has been improved by using 4 dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP in refluxing dioxane, a highly nucleophilic polar solvent. PMID- 3254633 TI - Influence of functional groups on homologous antibody affinity of 11 alpha hydroxyprogesterone derivatives. I. Synthesis and affinity evaluation. AB - Syntheses and cross-reactivities with progesterone toward the same specific antibody are reported for a series of amides of 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 11 hemisuccinate. Some hypotheses are made regarding the effects of the chemical structure of the substituents on the immunological properties of derivatives. PMID- 3254634 TI - Synthesis of 7 alpha- and 7 beta-carboxymethyl-9(11)-ene derivatives of estrone and estradiol. AB - As part of a search for derivatives designed to conjugate to amino groups, either of a protein carrier for antibody production or of an immobilized side-chain on a polymer for affinity chromatography, functionalized estrone and estradiol analogues were prepared. These modified steroids were obtained via the introduction of a carboxymethyl side-chain at the C-7 alpha and C-7 beta position on an adrenosterone derivative and were then aromatized on the A ring. These new compounds are unsaturated at the C-9 (11) position, which could be useful for a second modification. PMID- 3254632 TI - Production of highly specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies using estradiol-3-O-carboxymethyl ether as hapten. AB - The preparation of high affinity and high specificity polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to estradiol is described. Monoclonal antibodies were derived from BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with estradiol-3-O-carboxymethyl ether conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Spleen cells were hybridized with mouse myeloma cells. Quite a few monoclonal antibodies showed very good affinity for estradiol. Extended immunization and hyperimmunization were essential for producing a greater number of positive clones secreting high affinity antibodies. Binding constants of the antisera and their cross-reactivities with related steroids were calculated. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies showed very high affinity for estradiol exhibiting little or no cross-reactivities with structurally related steroids indicating that this site of linkage is a good choice for discriminating between differences at the 16-17 position in the D-ring. This monoclonal antibody (44.28.6), having negligible cross-reactivity with estriol and estrone, can be used for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 3254636 TI - Clofazimine and other rimino-compounds: minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations at different pHs for Mycobacterium avium complex. AB - Clofazimine (Lamprene, B663) and 11 rimino-compounds were tested for activity against Mycobacterium avium by finding the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these drugs in liquid medium. The activity of these compounds was affected in acidic conditions (pH 6.0 and 5.0), but the MICs observed even at pH 5.0 were significantly lower than the concentrations achievable in macrophages. This information is especially useful in the light of four important facts: that these drugs tend to accumulate within macrophages; that M. avium tends to multiply within macrophages; that this intracellular environment has a low pH; and that M. avium tolerates these low pH conditions. Such data confirm the expectation that rimino-compounds inhibit the intracellular M. avium bacterial population. The minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of clofazimine and B746, the most active analogue, were from 64 to 256 times higher than the MIC, but it is not clear whether these drugs can accumulate within the macrophages in concentrations high enough to produce the bactericidal effect as well. PMID- 3254637 TI - Serious sequelae of delayed diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis. AB - We report three cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in whom the diagnosis of the endobronchial component was missed initially. Despite proper chemotherapy, one patient had bronchostenosis leading to acute respiratory failure and death, the second developed collapse of the left lung, while failure of endotracheal intubation for general anaesthesia was the immediate problem faced by the third patient. PMID- 3254635 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in miliary tuberculosis. AB - We report bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellular analysis in eight patients with miliary tuberculosis. The total cell count and lymphocytes count of BAL fluid were significantly increased and the alveolar macrophage count was significantly decreased in patient with miliary tuberculosis compared to normal subjects. Epithelioid cell granulomas were seen in BAL fluid in two patients. PMID- 3254638 TI - Pyrazinamide induced thrombocytopenia. AB - A case of thrombocytopenia caused by pyrazinamide is reported in a patient receiving chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 3254639 TI - Amoebic disease precipitated by corticosteroids prescribed for tuberculous pleural effusions. AB - One case of ameobic abscess of the liver and one case of amoebic dysentery are described in two patients who were prescribed corticosteroids as part of the intreatment for tuberculous pleural effusion. In both cases routine stool examinations prior to steroid therapy were negative for cysts or trophozoites of E. histolytica. PMID- 3254640 TI - Tuberculous stenosis of the trachea. AB - A patient is described who presented with symptoms suggestive of asthma but was subsequently found to have a stenotic lesion of the lower trachea and main bronchi. Bronchoscopic biopsy of the lesion revealed tuberculosis. There was a good response to anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, with no residual stenosis. PMID- 3254641 TI - Restorative problems: some periodontic and orthodontic solutions. PMID- 3254642 TI - Dietary fluoride supplements for Wisconsin's children. PMID- 3254643 TI - The role of retinal correspondence in stereoscopic matching. AB - On brief viewing, stereo matching of a regularly-spaced horizontal row of points is determined by the disparity of the points at the edges. Stereo matches on corresponding retinal loci are initially overridden in favor of matches located on or near the disparity plane of the edge points. Edge-based matching is observed when the inter-point spacing is as large as 15-30 min arc for crossed disparities, and as large as 1 deg for uncrossed disparities. Edge points located at a lateral distance more than 2.5 deg away from the center of the row can still determine the initial stereo matching of the center. Given longer viewing time, vergence usually changes from the fixation plane towards the initially-perceived depth plane associated with the edges. However, if the eyes are held tightly converged in the fixation plane, the edge-based matches will gradually yield to matches in the fixation plane. This shift from edge-based matching to a match determined by retinal correspondence takes 1-4 sec if the inter-point spacing is large (10-30 min arc). For smaller inter-point spacings, the edge-based matches are very stable, and a shift in depth is seldom discernible. PMID- 3254644 TI - Shape similarity and distance disparity as apparent motion correspondence cues. AB - Apparent motion is perceived when two spots of light are presented successively in different locations. When more than one element is present in each frame, there is a correspondence problem in matching the elements in one frame with those in the other. We report the effects of shape similarity and distance disparity on the correspondence process. Twenty subjects were tested using a 2 AFC design. We found that both shape and distance cues are used by the correspondence process: when distance is the only cue the motion which is usually perceived is that involving the shorter distance; when shape is the only cue the motion involving two elements of the same shape is preferred. We also studied the interaction between the two cues when both were present. Quantitative measures of the relative strengths of these effects and of their interaction are reported. A Signal Detection Theory model is used to analyze these apparent motion correspondence effects. PMID- 3254645 TI - "Passive suppression" of optokinesis by stabilized targets. AB - Subjects gazed passively at a sinusoidally oscillating optokinetic stimulus. They made no attempt to look at a target which appeared, stabilized on the retina at one of several locations, yet the appearance of the target caused rapid and prolonged suppression of optokinesis. Suppression declined (optokinesis increased) as target eccentricity increased, but could be observed for eccentricities up to 15-20 deg. We propose that a target moving relative to a background is a stimulus for suppression of optokinesis, depending substantially on the visual properties of the target and not the act of attending to it. PMID- 3254646 TI - Compound binocular rivalry. AB - Binocular rivalry was examined with random dot patterns consisting of three colours: red, green and grey. The microstructure of the patterns was defined by the individual dots, and the correspondence between the microstructures in the two eyes was manipulated. The macrostructures were defined by the distributions of red, green and grey dots over the displays, so that they consisted of orthogonally striped patterns. The degree of correspondence between the microstructures was varied in Expt 1, together with the spatial frequency of the microstructure. Rivalry periods of the macrostructures were briefer when the microstructures were in correspondence, In Expt 2 the spatial frequencies of the macrostructures were varied. The lower spatial frequency predominated for longer than the higher. The results are discussed in terms of independent pathways for corresponding and rivalry stimulation. In addition a stimulus pairing that produces clear dichoptic colour mixtures is presented. PMID- 3254647 TI - Phase discrimination in chromatic compound gratings. AB - Phase discrimination thresholds were measured for yellow/green isoluminant and non-isoluminant compound gratings in which the amplitude of the two components (f and 3f) was twice the detection threshold. The phase discrimination threshold at isoluminance was worse than in all the other conditions, which gave broadly similar threshold data. It is suggested that this is due to a positional uncertainty in the neural representation of the isoluminant stimuli. PMID- 3254648 TI - Spatial frequency and duration effects on the tilt illusion and orientation acuity. AB - The simultaneous tilt illusion and the decline in variance of orientation judgements (Andrews effect) were measured as a function of exposure duration and spatial frequency. The illusions increased in size (to more than 10 deg) with exposure times up to 30-100 msec, then declined. The Andrews effect was largest at the shortest exposure and asymptoted (for a particular spatial frequency) at about the same exposure duration at which the illusion peaked. The exposure duration at which the illusion peaked was longer if the subject was more dark adapted. When the subjects' rating of the perceptual clarity of the gratings was plotted against the size of the Andrews effect (for the same duration and spatial frequency), the data fell on a single function, whether the spatial frequency was 2, 5, or 10 c/deg. The functional significance of these effects is discussed. PMID- 3254649 TI - Formation of visual pigment chromophores during the development of Xenopus laevis. AB - Retinoids in the eyes of Xenopus laevis at several developmental stages, were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At stage 37/38, larval eyes contained mainly all-trans isomers of retinal, 3-dehydroretinal, retinyl ester and 3-dehydroretinyl ester. Ratios of all-trans 3-dehydroretinal to retinal and of all-trans 3-dehydroretinyl ester to retinyl ester were almost 1 at the stage. With the advance of development, the amounts of all-trans retinal and 3 dehydroretinal decreased; however, those of all-trans retinyl ester and 3 dehydroretinyl ester increased. The chromophores of visual pigments, 11-cis retinal and 3-dehydroretinal, were detected at stage 40 (total; 0.2 pmol/eye) and their amounts increased after that stage. The ratio of 11-cis 3-dehydroretinal to retinal was almost 1 at stages 40-42. The ratio became larger after stage 43 and was almost 19 at stage 46. The ratio of all-trans 3-dehydroretinyl ester to retinyl ester, also, increased after stage 42 and reached 11 at stage 46. The mechanism of 11-cis formation during development is discussed in relation to retinoid conversions in the eyes. PMID- 3254650 TI - Visual evoked potentials to stimuli in apparent motion. AB - Following an extensive single subject pilot study 12 Ss viewed a continuously cycling (3 Hz), two stimulus, apparent motion (AM) display. The "AM breakdown effect" was utilised to gather visual evoked potentials (VEPs) from sites O1, O2, T5, T6, P3, and P4 during periods in which the display elicited either: the percept of motion; or the percept of two discrete alternating stimuli. VEPs displayed components of larger amplitude during motion periods in all right (but no left) hemisphere sites during periods 60-82 msec post left field stimulus onset (positive component) and 100-126 msec post right field stimulus onset (negative component). Results were interpreted as indicating initial extraction of motion information within the occipital lobe, with further motion processing taking place in temporal and parietal lobes. PMID- 3254651 TI - Scanning electron microscopic detection of corneal anti-reflection coating in the grasshopper, Epacromia dorsalis and its physiological significance. PMID- 3254654 TI - [Effect of glucocorticoids, tocolytics and oxytocin on the status and fate of premature infants]. PMID- 3254653 TI - Spatial frequency and orientation tuning of spatial visual mechanisms in human albinos. AB - A masking paradigm was used to measure the spatial frequency and orientation tuning of spatial mechanisms in the albino visual system. Threshold elevation curves obtained in this manner at test spatial frequencies of 0.25 cycles/deg (cpd), 0.50 cpd, and 1 cpd have the same shape as curves obtained from normal subjects at test frequencies two octaves higher. Additional masking studies showed that contrast processing in albinos obeys the same compressive power law as in normals. Thus, spatial mechanisms in albino central vision have normal spatial frequency and orientation bandwidths. As central cones in the albino are spaced 3-4 times further apart than in the normal fovea, these results support the hypothesis that monocular spatial vision in albinos is primarily limited by this increased receptor spacing. It is hypothesized that this, in turn, is the result of arrested development of the albino retina. PMID- 3254655 TI - [Clinical usefulness of cyto-oncologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 3254652 TI - Albino spatial vision as an instance of arrested visual development. AB - Adult albinos and human infants share a number of common visual characteristics: both have low grating acuity, both lack a foveal pit (foveal hypoplasia), and both have much lower central cone densities than in the normal adult. We have explored the consequences of these characteristics by measuring both spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity in the central retina and by comparing central and peripheral grating and vernier acuities in two young adult albino subjects. To compensate for nystagmus, horizontally oriented patterns were employed. Both subjects had normal flicker sensitivities, but their central grating and vernier acuities were approximately five times worse than normal. At 10.0 degrees in the inferior visual field, however, vernier and grating acuities were normal for both subjects. Finally, the ratio of grating to vernier acuity in albino central vision fell within the normal foveal range, suggesting that albino central vision does not resemble the adult periphery. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that spatial processing deficiencies in albino central vision are a direct consequence of the increased spacing of their central cones. Our data are comparable to available psychophysical results obtained from infants of approx. 10 months of age, thus suggesting that the albino visual system may represent a case of arrested development. PMID- 3254656 TI - [Use of vitamins E and C for the prevention of toxic effects of lead on electronic industry workers]. PMID- 3254657 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a patient with generalized cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 3254659 TI - [A case of Crohn disease of atypical location]. PMID- 3254658 TI - [Difficulties and errors in the diagnosis and treatment of incarcerated hernias]. PMID- 3254660 TI - [The problem of using anatoxin and antitoxin in the prevention of tetanus]. PMID- 3254662 TI - [Somatic effects of radiation]. PMID- 3254661 TI - [Post-traumatic rupture of the diaphragm during pregnancy and labor]. PMID- 3254663 TI - [Gastrology in geriatric practice]. PMID- 3254666 TI - [Let nurses get a new trial]. PMID- 3254664 TI - Mandibular third molar and supernumerary molar fusion. PMID- 3254665 TI - Subjective evaluation of ridge augmentation and extension procedures. PMID- 3254667 TI - [Clinic administrators--can no longer be chiefs but will still have a job]. PMID- 3254668 TI - [Clinic administrators--wrong to use the word lay-off]. PMID- 3254669 TI - [Film about Sister Lena--a source for discussion]. PMID- 3254670 TI - [Taking care of the patient--experience of a changed role]. PMID- 3254671 TI - [What the dialysis accident has taught us]. PMID- 3254672 TI - [Hospital in Vastervik: the same dialysis method as in Linkoping 1983 is used here]. PMID- 3254674 TI - [Comparative studies of the effect of Cordafen on coronary circulation in dogs]. PMID- 3254673 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacologic properties of s-triazolo-1,4-diazepine derivatives]. PMID- 3254675 TI - Bulbar and spinal muscular atrophy of late onset. A sporadic (?) case. PMID- 3254677 TI - Asymptomatic cerebral arteriovenous angioma in patient with serious clinical evidences of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID- 3254680 TI - Osteoporosis. Based on the Kuopio International Symposium. August 11-13, 1988. PMID- 3254676 TI - Initial manifestations and development of neurological dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3254679 TI - Epidemiology of muscular dystrophies in northeast Tuscany. PMID- 3254681 TI - Nutritional factors in causation of osteoporosis. AB - Peak bone mass is gained by the age of 35 years. Bone mass is a fragility-related factor for which there are currently recognized nutritional interactions. Calcium seems to be the most important nutrient for bone health. In addition manganese, zinc and copper are needed but their role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is largely unknown. For prophylactic purposes daily calcium intake should be high enough (1,000-1,500 mg). PMID- 3254678 TI - Cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients. A two-case report. PMID- 3254682 TI - Quantitative computed tomography at peripheral measuring sites. AB - Three most frequently used noninvasive procedures for bone quantitations are dual photon absorptiometry [DPA, DPX] and quantitative computed tomography [QCT]. The peripheral QCT allows trabecular and cortical bone to quantitated separately, radiation dose is very low and precision very high. PMID- 3254683 TI - Femoral bone density measurements by single energy computed tomography related to hip fractures. AB - We measured bone density in various parts of the femur by using single energy quantitative computed tomography. In the cadaver studies we found significant correlations between the trabecular and cortical bone density and the structural strength of the femur in bending and rotational loading. This was observed in parts of the femur distant from the fracture site in the femoral neck. Good reproducibility of the density measurements was obtained at the condylar level, a site easily accessible for clinical measurements. In a clinical study, we could record post-traumatic osteoporotic changes at 5% precision level. PMID- 3254684 TI - Effect of dietary ornithine on renal and hepatic polyamine synthesis. AB - Chicks with genetically elevated renal arginase activity were fed crystalline amino acid diets varying in ornithine concentration (0, 1 or 2%) to assess the potential for precursor regulation of polyamine synthesis. Renal arginase and renal and hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activities fell when ornithine was fed. Renal and hepatic ornithine concentrations rose while putrescine concentrations varied quadratically with ornithine feeding. Spermidine and spermine concentrations were not affected by diet. It was concluded that ornithine synthesized in vivo was a more potent stimulator of polyamine synthesis than ornithine of dietary origin. PMID- 3254685 TI - Metabolism of low- and high-density-lipoprotein-free cholesterol in rats fed high fat diets. AB - The regulating process of cholesterol in the liver was studied in relation to its exogenous contribution in the rats fed high-fat (28%) high-cholesterol (1.2%) diets rich in saturated (S) fat (lard) or polyunsaturated (PU) fat (corn oil). Accordingly, the fate of 14C free cholesterol originating from high- or low density lipoproteins (LDL) was examined in the biliary, hepatic and plasmatic lipids, as well as the activity of two key enzymes in the metabolism of lipoproteins: lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT). The LPL activity increased in the S diet, in comparison to the PU diet or to a low fat (6%) control (C) diet and the LCAT activity increased but not significantly in the PU diet. In bile the secretion of 14C-cholesterol and 14C bile salts originating from 14C-cholesterol-HDL increased in the S diet compared to the PU diet and a C diet [previous results]. S and PU diets increased to the same extent the hepatic storage of 14C-esterified cholesterol originating from LDL, compared to the C diet. This cholesterol would contribute to a greater extent to the hepatic synthesis of the lipoproteins destined for the plasma in the case of the S diet than that of PU diet. These results may be explained by the adaptation of hepatic acyl cholesterol acyl transferase and cholesterolesterase to both high-fat-diet enzymes acting simultaneously on the two free and esterified cholesterol compartments. It resulted in an important redistribution of the cholesterol of these two compartments between plasma, bile and liver. PMID- 3254686 TI - [Plasma retinol, carotenoids and tocopherols: biological variations between 18 and 45 years of age]. AB - Variation factors of plasma retinol, carotenoids and vitamin E, and particularly sex and alcohol consumption, were studied on a sample of 271 males and females aged between 18 and 45 years. For analysis needs two subsamples were constituted: I (males and females with alcohol consumption less than or equal to 43 g/day) and II (males only). Sex and level of alcohol intake were two independent variation factors of plasma retinol and carotenoids. Associated with triglyceride and cholesterol for I and with triglyceride and ponderal index for II, they explained 40% of the total variance of plasma retinol. For carotenoids, the other associated independent variables were cholesterol, vitamin A and energy intake (r2 = 23% of explained variance). And for plasma vitamin E, neither sex nor alcohol consumption was a significant predictor of the model, the only variation factors being plasma lipids and age for I (r2 = 37%) and the same parameters associated with ponderal index for II (r2 = 55%). PMID- 3254687 TI - Effect of prolactin on amino acid catabolism in the female rat. AB - Rats treated with prolactin showed a rise in food consumption and an increased deposition of both lean tissue and fat. Rats pair-fed with untreated controls showed an increase in lean tissue, and a reduction in the activities of two key enzymes that control amino acid oxidation and urea synthesis in the liver. This adjustment in protein metabolism may regulate the amino acid supply in relation to the needs for milk protein synthesis during lactation. PMID- 3254688 TI - Dietary habits in relation to tracking of cholesterol level in young adolescents: a nine-year follow-up. AB - Because the origin of atherosclerosis is often in childhood, an early identification of future adults at risk can contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis. In a prospective study on nutrition and health, a cohort of 556 infants was followed from birth to 3 years. Among them, 116 were found at risk for hypercholesterolemia with a cholesterol level greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl. Nine years later, these children at risk and their controls were invited to a follow-up examination of blood lipids, of nutritional status, by anthropometric measurements and personal and family history. From 32.7 to 48.7% of children at risk remained with a high cholesterol level (greater than or equal to 190 mg/dl) in comparison with 15% of controls. The nutritional profile was evidently different, especially the food frequency. The results strongly suggest that the early identification of children at risk and the screening of other family members, siblings and parents for hypercholesterolemia can serve for a sound intervention on nutritional habits. PMID- 3254690 TI - Effect of environmental temperature on dietary obesity in Osborne-Mendel rats. AB - The effects of cold acclimation on cellularity, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and lipolysis were studied in white adipose tissue of rats fed a high fat diet. Male Osborne-Mendel rats (7 weeks old) were exposed at either 28 or 5 degrees C for 10 weeks. The rats were fed a semipurified diet (normal fat (NL): 5% lard, high fat (HL): 54% lard) for the last 9 weeks. Caloric intake with NL and HL diets were comparable and cold exposure led to the same increase with both diets. At 28 degrees C, HL diet initiated both hypertrophy and hyperplasia; however, at 5 degrees C only hyperplasia was observed. Total LPL activity showed high stimulation both in 28 and 5 degrees C HL rats. In vitro lipolytic stimulation by norepinephrine was lowered at 5 degrees C and abolished at 28 degrees C in HL-fed rats. HL diet resulted in enhanced lipid deposition without an increase in caloric intake. Even in cold-adapted Osborne-Mendel rats a relative obesity could be produced by a HL diet. PMID- 3254689 TI - Do children have an adequate fluid intake? Water balance studies carried out at home. AB - In 21 healthy children aged 6-11 years water balance studies were performed for 3 days at home. Water intake was assessed from dietary records based on the precise weighing method and water loss was calculated from repeated measurements of body weight and urine collection. Mean values (+/- SD) of all parameters of water balance are presented. Water intake from food and drinks without metabolic water of 43.0 +/- 11.5 g/kg/day or 0.78 +/- 0.17 g/kcal (0.19 +/- 0.04 g/kJ) resulted in a urine volume of 22.5 +/- 7.7 g/kg/day and an osmolality of 24-hour urine samples of 756 +/- 199 mosm/kg. From these data water intake seems to be low in these children. In school-aged children water intake from food and drinks of 1 ml/kcal (0.24 ml/kJ) as recommended for adults (Recommended dietary allowances, 1980) would seem adequate, theoretically resulting in a urine volume of 35 +/- 14 g/kg/day and urine osmolality of 516 +/- 182 mosm/kg based on the data in our children. PMID- 3254692 TI - Retrograde intubation with a modified Eschmann stylet. PMID- 3254691 TI - Dietary fats and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in healthy humans. AB - We analyzed the effects of different types of dietary fat on the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in 20 healthy women aged 26-49 years, consuming 6-week diets containing 54% of the calories as carbohydrates, 16% as protein and 30% as fat. The tested fats were successively: low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR oil), sunflower oil, peanut oil and milk fats (butter and cream). The fractional and molar rates of LCAT were higher after sunflower and peanut oil diets and decreased significantly after LEAR oil and milk fat diets. The LCAT activity was independent of the P/S ratio of the diet, but positively correlated with the percentage of linoleic acid in serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters, and negatively correlated with the percentage of oleic acid in the same fractions. Our results showed no relation between LCAT activity and the concentration of plasma cholesterol or triglycerides, no change in serum cholesteryl ester/total cholesterol ratio and confirmed that the distribution of high density lipoprotein subfractions is due to prerequisites other than LCAT. PMID- 3254694 TI - Deepithelialized turnover flaps in burns. AB - Acute and chronic burns leave behind a full-thickness defect that always requires a flap cover. Such defects are common in electrical burn injuries of the limbs. This paper deals with 35 patients with full-thickness defects following burns in whom deepithelialized turnover dermis flaps and deepithelialized turnover flaps with deep fascia have been used. This flap is an extension of Hynes's reversed dermis graft and Smahel's deepithelialized turnover flap where there is a larger area of blood supply on the deeper aspect of the dermis. If a good hinge is provided for safe blood supply, such a flap settles well in the defect, and cumbersome multistaged procedures can be avoided. If there is less fatty tissue in the area of flap used, then reversed dermis flaps are ideal because split-skin graft take is good. When there is a lot of fatty tissue on the undersurface of dermis, the fascia is also included to make it a reversed fasciocutaneous flap to augment the blood supply and for better split-skin graft survival. Advantages of the procedure and complications are elaborated. PMID- 3254693 TI - Heart-synchronized ventilation during general anesthesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. PMID- 3254695 TI - Orbicularis oculi muscle for frown lines. PMID- 3254696 TI - AIDS--statement of principles and interim recommendations for emergency department personnel and prehospital care providers. American College of Emergency Physicians. PMID- 3254697 TI - Effects of corticosteroid treatment on survival time in dogs with chronic hepatitis: 151 cases (1977-1985) AB - Medical records of 151 dogs with chronic hepatitis were reviewed. Corticosteroid treatment had a statistically significant (P less than 0.005) effect on improving survival time when corticosteroid-treated dogs were compared with untreated dogs. Dogs dying within 1 week of examination represented 37.1% of the cases, and when compared with those living more than 1 week, serum glucose concentration was significantly lower (P less than 0.001); prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were significantly longer (P less than 0.001); blood ammonia concentration after oral administration of ammonium chloride was significantly higher (P less than 0.05); and necrosis severity and fibrosis severity were significantly greater (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.022, respectively). The best predictors of early death were low normal serum glucose concentration (P less than 0.001) and prolonged prothrombin time (P less than 0.030), which was abnormal in 60.0% of dogs dying early. Partial thromboplastin time, which was increased in 92.0% of dogs dying early and in 42.6% of dogs living more than 1 week, was a less reliable predictor. Plasma ammonia concentration after oral administration of NH4Cl was least reliable in predicting early death. In dogs living more than 1 week, hypoalbuminemia was a predictor of shorter survival time (P less than 0.003). Of all the histologic features evaluated, only necrosis severity and fibrosis severity were accurate predictors of early death. The presence of bridging fibrosis was a predictor of shorter survival time in dogs living more than 1 week (P less than 0.0002). PMID- 3254698 TI - The dying patient, the physician, and the fear of death. PMID- 3254699 TI - Vertical shear existence in animal pressure threshold experiments. PMID- 3254700 TI - Etiology and treatment of pressure ulcers. AB - The guidelines for treating pressure ulcers are based on understanding anatomy and physiology, type of skin injury, process of repair, factors affecting healing and stages of ulcers. All these aspects contribute to appropriate patient care and enhance healing of pressure ulcers. PMID- 3254701 TI - Burns or pressure ulcers in the surgical patient? PMID- 3254702 TI - Evaluation of hydrocolloid dressings on healing of pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury patients. PMID- 3254703 TI - Corrosion behavior of dental retention pins. PMID- 3254704 TI - Clinical benefits of chlorhexidine in sustaining gingival health following prophylaxis. PMID- 3254705 TI - Low cariogenic potential of mixtures of sucrose and chocolate, cocoa or confectionery coatings. PMID- 3254706 TI - Effects of chewing sorbitol gum on human salivary and interproximal plaque pH. PMID- 3254707 TI - Double-blind comparison of meclofenamate sodium with acetaminophen, acetaminophen with codeine and placebo for relief of postsurgical dental pain. PMID- 3254708 TI - Periodontal pocket depth measurements by fiber optic technology. PMID- 3254709 TI - Clinical effects on plaque pH, pCa, and swallowing rates from chewing a flavored or unflavored chewing gum. PMID- 3254711 TI - Thirty years experience with cleft lip and palate orthodontics. PMID- 3254710 TI - Is it possible to modulate the growth of the human mandible with a functional appliance? PMID- 3254712 TI - Malocclusions and paradontium. PMID- 3254713 TI - Prognosis of patients' compliance in orthodontic treatment. PMID- 3254714 TI - About the possibility to define the breathing type of patient during orthodontic consultation. PMID- 3254715 TI - Muscle involvement in functional jaw orthopedics. PMID- 3254716 TI - Clinical features of Class II division 2 malocclusion and its orthodontic treatment. PMID- 3254719 TI - [Treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusions by means of the postero-anteriorly directed forces]. PMID- 3254717 TI - [An investigation of stability of the early orthodontic diagnosis in a longitudinal study]. PMID- 3254718 TI - [Growth pattern in a set of triplets]. PMID- 3254721 TI - [Some characteristics of the third molar development]. PMID- 3254720 TI - [Results of study of cases with Binder syndrome]. PMID- 3254722 TI - [Frequency of malocclusions among school children of Aleksinac]. PMID- 3254723 TI - [Epidemiological investigation of malocclusions on the Island Rab]. PMID- 3254724 TI - Glucocorticoids and the cell surface of human glioma cells: relationship to cytostasis. AB - The glucocorticoid hormones methyl prednisolone and dexamethasone were shown to be cytostatic, but not cytotoxic, at high cell densities for early passage and continuous cell lines from human glioma at 0.25 microM and above, in the presence or absence of serum. In the absence of serum both steroids at 2.5 nM increased the saturation density close to the level reached in serum. Examination of the iodinated glycoproteins of the cell surface by gel electrophoresis did not reveal any consistent change. However, gel exclusion chromatography of protease digests of the cell surface and of material released into the medium showed an increase in incorporation of 3H-glucosamine in pronase digests after treatment with methyl prednisolone. Ion exchange chromatography showed that sulphated glycosaminoglycans, particularly heparan sulphate, increased and hyaluronic acid decreased in response to steroids, and there was increased retention of GAGs on the cell surface relative to the released fraction. It was concluded that glucocorticoid hormones modify the cell surface of human glioma cells and that this may contribute to enhanced cell intraction and lead to increased density limitation of cell proliferation. PMID- 3254726 TI - Unfinished business. AB - The past 40 years have witnessed the development to maturity of molecular biology from its beginnings and determined attempts to apply this discipline in medicine, particularly to genetics, haematology, immunology and cancer research. However, although we have accumulated a detailed understanding of the genetic code and the mechanisms of the central dogma of molecular biology and have developed exquisitely sensitive and precise technologies, most recently represented by DNA recombinant techniques, many of the fundamental biological problems of 40 years ago still remain unsolved today. Some of these are listed and discussed. PMID- 3254725 TI - A novel in vitro assay for murine haematopoietic stem cells. AB - Study of the biology of haematopoietic stem cells is crucially dependent on the availability of suitable in vitro assays. Existing assays have suffered from the fact that they detect small subcompartments of the total stem cell compartment. This limits experiments where it is required to assay a high proportion of stem cells, e.g. the enumeration of stem cell numbers under varying conditions or the identification and purification of stem cell regulators. We describe an in vitro assay which shows macroscopic colony formation and limited self-renewal capacity in vitro. The detected cell (CFU-A) has a low cycling status in normal bone marrow (NBM) and responds to known stem cell regulators. The incidence (100-200 per 10(5) in NBM), the proliferative characteristics under stress and some of the physical properties are similar to stem cells detected by colony formation after transplantation into lethally irradiated recipients (CFU-S). These data indicate that our assay detects a high proportion of haematopoietic stem cells in vitro. This will facilitate experiments on stem cell behaviour which have previously been difficult to conduct. PMID- 3254727 TI - Evoked potential correlates of intelligence in nonpatient subjects. AB - To evaluate possible influences of intelligence on evoked potential (EP) characteristics in nonpatients. EPs of age and gender matched groups (N = 19 each) of 'high', 'medium', and 'low' IQ groups were compared. EPs elicited by left and right median nerve stimulation, checkerboard pattern visual flash, and acoustic clicks were recorded from 15 scalp leads. The results confirmed previous findings showing that higher IQs are associated with higher EP amplitudes. An unexpected finding was a trend towards higher IQ/EP correlations for left than right recording sites. It appears that intelligence is an important subject variable to be controlled in any EP investigation, and furthermore that EP topography should be considered in seeking IQ/EP correlations. PMID- 3254728 TI - Expectancy and type of activity: effects on pre-stress cardiovascular adaptation. AB - This study evaluated the effects of expectancy and type of activity on cardiovascular change during a 20 min pre-stress adaptation period. Subjects (N = 115) were randomly assigned to six conditions with three differing types of activity and two different instructions for expectancies. The three activities were (a) resting quietly, (b) reading neutral, entertaining material (i.e., Herman cartoons), or (c) reading stress-relevant questionnaires. Subjects were told to either expect or not expect to participate in a subsequent stress study. The findings clearly indicated that (1) neither the expectancy nor the activity manipulations had significant impact on autonomic resting values at the end of 20 min of adaptation, but (2) subjects consistently reported increased feelings of relaxation and noted differential mood change in the cartoon relative to the stress questionnaire condition. Furthermore, the study revealed that instructions to read stress questionnaires initially delayed heart rate adaptation when contrasted with the resting and cartoon conditions. Implications of these findings for a more comprehensive understanding of the pre-stress adaptation phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 3254730 TI - Relationship between sleep inertia and sleepiness: cumulative effects of four nights of sleep disruption/restriction on performance following abrupt nocturnal awakenings. AB - Performance deficits are usually evident following both extended wakefulness (sleep deprivation effects) and immediately upon awakening from sleep (sleep inertia effects). In order to determine whether sleep inertia effects are qualitatively different from sleep deprivation effects, performance on addition tests, Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) ratings, and return-to-sleep latencies (RSLs) were assessed during four nights of sleep disruption/restriction. Eight subjects were polygraphically monitored in the sleep laboratory for five consecutive nights, from 2400 to 0700. On the last four nights (after an adaptation night) subjects were awakened at 0040, 0140, 0240, 0340, 0440, and 0540 for a 20-min test session. Sleepiness ratings and performance on 5-min addition tests were measured at 1.5, 7.5, and 13.5 min post-awakening, and RSL was measured at the end of each test session. Analysis of addition test performance across nights revealed that both speed and accuracy of calculations were adversely affected by the sleep disruption/restriction procedure, indicating that increasing sleepiness exacerbates sleep performance deficits upon awakening. Although divergence of SSS ratings and addition test performance across nights was suggestive, there was no conclusive evidence that sleep inertia is qualitatively different from "typical" sleepiness. PMID- 3254729 TI - Cross-situational consistency of cardiovascular reactivity. AB - The present study assessed cross-situational consistency of cardiovascular responses to laboratory stressors among 85 undergraduate males. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse rate (PR) responses to a challenging interview were measured. Two weeks later in a different laboratory with different personnel, the same responses were measured, this time in response to a stressful mental rotations task. Raw and baseline-adjusted PR and SBP reactivity scores were significantly correlated across the two situations, while the correlations for DBP reactivity were marginally significant. Consistent with previous research, these results suggest that cardiovascular reactivity is a stable individual difference dimension. PMID- 3254731 TI - Event-related potential indices of speech motor programming in stutterers and non stutterers. AB - CNVs were recorded from stutterers and non-stutterers prior to spoken words which varied according to the number of syllables, whether the words were the same or different on each trial, and the degree of repetition within the word. The effects of these response parameters on slow potential activity recorded over the speech motor area were evident both prior to, and also during, the response, suggesting that the slow potentials were reflecting both speech pre-programming and ongoing programmed control. Differences between groups were only evident prior to the response, particularly when words were familiar and therefore likely to be entirely pre-programmed. This suggests that stutterers have difficulty in setting up the parameters of the response, rather than in ongoing programmed control. PMID- 3254732 TI - Real-time analysis of arterial oxygen saturation with pulse oximeter and arrhythmia during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 3254733 TI - [Ludwig's angina: an analysis of eight cases]. PMID- 3254734 TI - [A study of home health care for stroke patients in Veterans General Hospital Taipei]. PMID- 3254736 TI - Clinical manifestations of 9 patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations. PMID- 3254735 TI - Computed tomography of gastric lymphoma. PMID- 3254737 TI - Spontaneous renal rupture secondary to renal neoplasms. PMID- 3254738 TI - [Diffuse invasive pituitary adenoma--a report of two cases]. PMID- 3254740 TI - Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder--a case report. PMID- 3254739 TI - Cystic pheochromocytoma--a diagnostic pitfall. PMID- 3254741 TI - Clinical and pathological characteristics of the carcinosarcoma of the esophagus. PMID- 3254743 TI - [Dentin wettability of five root canal sealers]. PMID- 3254744 TI - Direct cytotoxicity of garlic on human oral cancer cells. PMID- 3254745 TI - [Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma--a case report]. PMID- 3254742 TI - Catamenial hemoptysis--report of a case. PMID- 3254746 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis of temporomandibular joint--a case report. PMID- 3254747 TI - Effects of filler concentration on the properties of experimental composite resins. PMID- 3254748 TI - [Knowledge of results and spatio-temporal control in an anticipation-coincidence task in children 6 to 10 years of age]. PMID- 3254749 TI - [The phenomenon of verbal transformation: study of the rhythm of presentation of auditory material and attention of the subjects]. PMID- 3254750 TI - Location confusions in visual information processing. PMID- 3254752 TI - [Clinical and pathologic study of lymphoid lesion in orbits]. PMID- 3254753 TI - [A new classification of pituitary adenomas]. PMID- 3254751 TI - [Study of the relationship between Campylobacter pyloridis and pathological lesions in 400 bioptic specimens from gastric mucosa]. PMID- 3254754 TI - [Myoepithelium in mammary hyperplasia and carcinoma]. PMID- 3254755 TI - [Induction of membranous glomerulonephritis with crescent formation by administration of exogenous cationic antigen in rabbits]. PMID- 3254756 TI - [Cocarcinogenic and promoting effects of choleretic cholagogues on large bowel carcinogenesis evoked by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in Wistar rats]. PMID- 3254757 TI - [Pathologic analysis of mucosal biopsies from 548 cases of chronic gastritis in the Tibet plateau]. PMID- 3254759 TI - [29th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Neurology. Tokyo, 25-27 May 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3254758 TI - [Morphometry of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of the thyroid epithelium in iodine deficient fetal mice]. PMID- 3254760 TI - [Clinical and pathological study of motor neuron disease]. PMID- 3254761 TI - Vasopressin-mediated contractions in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats: differences in response compared with Wistar-Kyoto animals. AB - 1. The sensitivity of mesenteric resistance arterioles to [arginine]vasopressin (AVP) was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). No difference in pAVP (-log dose of AVP producing 50% of the maximum response) was observed [SHR 0.21 +/- 0.03 m-units/ml (n = 10) vs WKY 0.15 +/- 0.06 m-units/ml (n = 9)], although SHR vessels exhibited greater absolute tension development. 2. Both strains of rat displayed tachyphylaxis to repeated stimulation with AVP, and oscillatory tension changes were observed in all vessels from SHR and rarely in WKY vessels at activating concentrations of AVP. 3. AVP did not elicit a contractile response after noradrenaline-induced calcium depletion. 4. After vessels were depleted of calcium by using a combination of calcium-free media and noradrenaline stimulation, restoration of calcium in the presence of AVP elicited a greater contractile response in SHR vessels. 5. The results therefore provide evidence for an increased calcium response to AVP in SHR resistance vessels, although this was only demonstrable by calcium recovery experiments. PMID- 3254762 TI - Availability of amino acids supplied intravenously in healthy man as synthetic dipeptides: kinetic evaluation of L-alanyl-L-glutamine and glycyl-L-tyrosine. AB - 1. For the first time utilization of intravenously administered L-alanyl-L glutamine and glycyl-L-tyrosine was investigated by means of their kinetic behaviour after bolus injection in 10 and 11 apparently healthy male subjects (age 26.6 +/- 5.7 years), respectively. 2. The injection of the synthetic dipeptides was not accompanied by any side effects or complaints. 3. The synthetic dipeptides L-alanyl-L-glutamine and glycyl-L-tyrosine were rapidly cleared from plasma. By applying a monoexponential model the elimination half lives were found to have very similar values (3.8 +/- 0.5 and 3.4 +/- 0.3 min) whether alanine or glycine was occupying the N-terminal position. The estimated volume of distribution was approximately that of the extracellular space. 4. Peptide disappearance was accompanied by a prompt equimolar increase in the concentrations of the constituent amino acids alanine and glutamine as well as glycine and tyrosine. 5. The study provides firm evidence that L-alanyl-L glutamine and glycyl-L-tyrosine are rapidly (quantitatively) hydrolysed. The results of this study may indicate a safe and efficient parenteral use of the investigated peptides as sources of free glutamine and free tyrosine. PMID- 3254763 TI - Haemodynamic effects of physiological concentrations of circulating noradrenaline in man. AB - 1. To define the role of circulating noradrenaline in cardiovascular regulation, threshold concentrations for haemodynamic effects were determined in arterial and venous plasma of eight healthy volunteers. 2. Five doses of noradrenaline, 0-54 ng min-1 kg-1, were infused intravenously in random order and single-blind for 15 min per dose. Changes in intra-arterial blood pressure, heart rate, forearm blood flow and forearm vascular resistance were determined, and plasma noradrenaline was measured in arterial and venous blood samples. 3. Significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found at arterial and venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations (means +/- SEM) of 3.00 +/- 0.23 and 1.35 +/- 0.12 nmol/l, respectively. A significant decrease in heart rate was found at arterial and venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations of 8.99 +/- 0.69 and 3.09 +/- 0.60 nmol/l, respectively. The lower doses of noradrenaline tended to increase forearm blood flow and to decrease forearm vascular resistance, whereas the higher doses had no consistent effect on forearm haemodynamics. 4. During the noradrenaline infusions 73 +/- 5% of the increase in arterial plasma noradrenaline concentration was extracted in the forearm. 5. The venous plasma noradrenaline threshold concentration was found to be much lower than previously reported. It is concluded that arterial and venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations which are readily encountered in physiological circumstances elicit haemodynamic effects. PMID- 3254764 TI - Cyclosporin-induced hypomagnesaemia and renal magnesium wasting in rats. AB - 1. Twenty-four hour clearance studies were performed on three groups of rats to determine the hypomagnesaemic effect of cyclosporin. Group I rats served as controls, whereas group II rats received 10 mg of cyclosporin/kg and group III rats received 20 mg of cyclosporin/kg daily. 2. After 7 days of cyclosporin treatment, plasma magnesium concentration was 1.04 +/- 0.01 mmol/l in control rats compared with 0.85 +/- 0.01 mmol/l in group II and 0.81 +/- 0.02 mmol/l in group III. After 14 days of cyclosporin administration, group III rats developed severe hypomagnesaemia (0.67 +/- 0.01 mmol/l). This reduction in plasma magnesium was associated with an increase in the urinary excretion of magnesium. 3. This reduction in plasma magnesium and increment in magnesium excretion returned to normal 7 days after cessation of treatment. 4. Additional three-phase acute clearance experiments were performed on eight normal and 12 cyclosporin-treated rats (20 mg/kg). These animals were subjected to acute magnesium chloride infusion. After graded magnesium chloride infusion, despite a similar rise in plasma magnesium, the fractional magnesium excretion was significantly higher in the cyclosporin-treated animals. 5. Analysis of the fractional intestinal absorption of magnesium suggested that the development of hypomagnesaemia after cyclosporin treatment is due to magnesium loss by the kidney. Furthermore, this effect of cyclosporin on magnesium transport is only present during cyclosporin treatment and is reversible when treatment with cyclosporin is withdrawn. PMID- 3254765 TI - Mechanisms of leucocyte sodium influx in essential hypertension. AB - 1. Leucocyte Na+ influx in media containing 10 mmol/l Na+ was studied directly using a triple-isotope method for measuring initial 22Na uptake rates in 20 normal and 18 untreated hypertensive subjects. The effects of 1 mmol/l amiloride (a Na+-H+-antiport inhibitor) and 0.1 mmol/l bumetanide (a Na+,K+,Cl-symport inhibitor) were also examined. 2. The total, amiloride-sensitive and bumetanide sensitive influx rates were raised in hypertensive compared with normotensive subjects [median (range): total 0.63 (0.25-1.82) vs 0.40 (0.09-0.65) mmol min-1 l 1, P less than 0.002; amiloride-sensitive 0.43 (0.18-1.56) vs 0.26 (0.04-0.48) mmol min-1 l-1, P less than 0.002; bumetanide-sensitive 0.12 (-0.03 to 0.83) vs 0.02 (-0.25 to 0.21) mmol min-1 l-1, P less than 0.005]. 3. We conclude that hypertensive patients have a raised leucocyte total Na+ influx when measured in media containing 10 mmol/l Na+ and that this is contributed mainly by amiloride sensitive and bumetanide-sensitive Na+ influx mechanisms. PMID- 3254766 TI - Effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure and vasodilator mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. Supplementation with 1% (w/v) KCl solution significantly attenuated the blood pressure rise with age normally observed in spontaneously hypertensive rats, resulting in a difference in blood pressure of 18 mmHg after 5 weeks. 2. Urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (the stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin) and kallikrein excretion were significantly elevated in rats receiving potassium. 3. No difference was observed in sodium excretion during the initial days of potassium supplementation; however, the potassium-supplemented animals excreted relatively more sodium over the 5 week period. 4. Plasma renin activity was significantly reduced in those animals receiving potassium after 5 weeks. 5. It is proposed that a combination of increased systemic and/or renal prostacyclin and kallikrein synthesis may, in combination with reduced renin activity, contribute to the attenuation of blood pressure in potassium-supplemented spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 3254767 TI - Aerosol deposition in the human lung: effect of high-frequency oscillation on the deposition characteristics of an inhaled nebulized aerosol. AB - 1. Oral high-frequency oscillation (OHFO) may have important effects on aerosol deposition in the lungs. In order to investigate these, a technique was devised to measure regional deposition rates of a nebulized radiolabelled aerosol in the lungs during normal tidal breathing. 2. The effect of three frequencies of OHFO on pulmonary aerosol deposition rate (PADR) in four normal subjects and five patients with chronic airways obstruction (CAO) were assessed using the technique. 3. In separate experiments employing three normal subjects, the effect of OHFO was studied on the deposition rate of aerosol on the oropharynx and delivery apparatus, and on the amount and characteristics of aerosol inhaled by the subjects. 4. Total PADR was significantly reduced by OHFO at 8 Hz and 16 Hz in the normal subjects, and by all three frequencies of OHFO in the CAO patients. In the normal subjects, the regional distribution of aerosol deposition was unchanged, but in the CAO patients a larger proportion of total aerosol deposition occurred in peripheral lung. 5. OHFO reduced the oropharyngeal aerosol deposition rate, increased the loss of aerosol to the atmosphere before inhalation, and increased the deposition of aerosol on the delivery apparatus. The end result was a reduction in the amount of aerosol inhaled, and in the particle sizes measured at the mouthpiece. 6. We conclude that OHFO reduces the amount of aerosol inhaled, but may improve peripheral deposition of inhaled aerosol in patients with CAO. This effect may be of value in the clinical administration of nebulized drugs. PMID- 3254768 TI - Changes in calcium metabolic indices during long-term treatment of patients with essential hypertension. AB - 1. Disturbances of calcium metabolism, mimicking mild, compensated secondary hyperparathyroidism, accompany essential hypertension, but it is not known whether these alterations are primary or only secondary to the elevated blood pressure. 2. Indices of systemic calcium metabolism were followed prospectively during 6 months' treatment with either propranolol, bendroflumethiazide or verapamil in 35 patients with essential hypertension. Multivariate statistical methods were employed to study the effects of blood pressure reduction upon the metabolic indices with adjustment for the effects of the different antihypertensive agents. 3. Propranolol treatment increased the plasma ionized calcium and serum phosphate concentrations, and reduced the serum levels of parathyroid hormone, free fatty acids and glycerol. Neither the total nor the total albumin-modified serum calcium concentration was significantly affected. Thus, presumably the decrease in free fatty acids reduced the calcium complex and the calcium binding to albumin, and consequently increased the plasma ionized calcium, thereby suppressing the secretion of parathyroid hormone. 4. Bendroflumethiazide caused a reduction of the fasting renal calcium excretion to half the pretreatment level, but produced no other significant changes in the various indices of calcium metabolism. 5. During verapamil treatment, the fasting renal excretion of calcium and magnesium increased, whereas the free fatty acids and glycerol concentrations in serum were reduced. These two changes presumably balanced each other, as the plasma ionized calcium and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations were not significantly altered. 6. There were no consistent relationships between the decrease in blood pressure and the changes in the metabolic indices, either in the total sample or within any subgroup.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3254769 TI - Rebound of aldosterone but not of corticosterone after suppression of adrenal function by triamcinolone acetonide in rats. AB - 1. The effects of microcrystalline 'depot' triamcinolone acetonide on renal excretion and blood levels of aldosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone and corticosterone were studied in rats over a 13 day period. The renal excretion of all of these steroids was found to be suppressed on day 1 after triamcinolone acetonide administration. Corticosterone excretion remained suppressed for 6 days, whereas aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone excretion normalized within 3 days. 2. While corticosterone excretion was returning to control values, the excretion of aldosterone rose to values above the pretreatment levels (the rebound phenomenon). 18-Hydroxycorticosterone excretion paralleled that of aldosterone, but the rebound was of less statistical significance. 3. The findings in urine were confirmed by plasma steroid determinations. A suppression of plasma aldosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone and corticosterone was observed in the first 24 h after triamcinolone acetonide injection. On day 4 only corticosterone showed lowered levels. An aldosterone rebound could be seen at 18.00 hours, the circadian maximum in rats. 4. These findings suggest that in addition to the effects on glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids have to be taken into account in the restoration of the adrenal function after corticoid therapy. The aldosterone rebound observed during this sensitive period may be important in preventing disturbances of electrolyte and water homoeostasis. PMID- 3254771 TI - Molecular biology of signal transduction. PMID- 3254770 TI - Decreased systemic formation of prostaglandin E and prostacyclin, and unchanged thromboxane formation, in alcoholics during withdrawal as estimated from metabolites in urine. PMID- 3254774 TI - Functional role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype diversity. PMID- 3254772 TI - Expression of wild-type and mutant subunits of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 3254773 TI - Calmodulin and calmodulin-regulated protein kinases as transducers of intracellular calcium signals. PMID- 3254775 TI - Molecular basis of the functional heterogeneity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 3254777 TI - Molecular convergence of presynaptic inhibition and presynaptic facilitation on common substrate proteins of individual sensory neurons of Aplysia. PMID- 3254778 TI - Role of intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase in function and metabolism of the epidermal growth factor receptor. PMID- 3254776 TI - Functional expression of the 5-HT1c receptor in neuronal and nonneuronal cells. PMID- 3254779 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor generates at least two distinct intracellular signals that modulate gene expression. AB - Regulation of the genes by PDGF has some common features. All are primary response genes, and they can still be expressed in the presence of cycloheximide (Cochran et al. 1983; Kelly et al. 1983; Kruijer et al. 1984; Lau and Nathans 1985). In fact, many of the genes are superinduced when cells are treated with growth factors plus cycloheximide (Greenberg et al. 1986). The genes that have been characterized all contain a sequence motif in their 3'-noncoding sequences that appears to make the message labile (Meijlink et al. 1985; Treisman 1985; Shaw and Kamen 1986). All competence genes so far examined are controlled at least in part at the level of transcription (Cochran et al. 1983; Edwards et al. 1985; Almendral et al. 1988). Differences in regulation of the genes include variations in the time course of induction, ranging from 10 minutes to over 4 hours, and differences in the persistence of the mRNAs after their synthesis (Cochran et al. 1983; Muller et al. 1984; Lau and Nathans 1987). The data presented in this paper strongly suggest that multiple, distinct intracellular signals that lead to the expression of multiple genes are generated when cells are treated with growth factors such as PDGF. The variation in the time course of induction of PDGF-inducible genes suggests several models of signal transduction. Four such models are presented in Figure 5. One possibility (Fig. 5A) is that one signal is generated by the interaction of PDGF with its receptor and that this signal activates the very early genes, such as c-fos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3254780 TI - Response and binding elements for ligand-dependent positive transcription factors integrate positive and negative regulation of gene expression. PMID- 3254782 TI - Molecular biology of signal transduction. PMID- 3254781 TI - The family of protein kinase C: its molecular heterogeneity and differential expression. PMID- 3254783 TI - Gene regulation by growth factors. PMID- 3254784 TI - Transcriptional regulation of interferon-stimulated genes: a DNA response element and induced proteins that recognize it. PMID- 3254785 TI - Cooperative and positional independent trans-activation domains of the human glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 3254786 TI - Cooperative interactions of steroid hormone receptors with their cognate response elements. PMID- 3254788 TI - Phospholipase C-148: chromosomal location and deletion mapping of functional domains. PMID- 3254787 TI - Identification of growth-factor-inducible genes in mouse fibroblasts. PMID- 3254789 TI - Primary structure of PLC-154. PMID- 3254790 TI - [Clinical pathology and estrogen receptor study in patients with mammary calcifications]. PMID- 3254791 TI - [Correlation of plasma estradiol, progesterone and benign breast disease]. PMID- 3254793 TI - [Use of a pedicled latissimus dorsi flap in plastic reconstruction after radical mastectomy]. PMID- 3254795 TI - [Experimental study and clinical application of a single row suturing esophagogastrostomy]. PMID- 3254796 TI - [A newly designed trapezoid compression plate and its clinical application]. PMID- 3254794 TI - [Carcinoma in the operated stomach: an experimental study]. PMID- 3254792 TI - [Analysis of 45 cases of male breast cancer]. PMID- 3254797 TI - [Infrared spectroscopic study on black gallstones]. PMID- 3254799 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus: report of 6 cases]. PMID- 3254798 TI - [Endoscopic characteristics of burn-related mucosal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and their relation to sepsis]. PMID- 3254800 TI - [Surgical treatment of broncholithiasis]. PMID- 3254801 TI - [Renailing in failure of the nailed femoral neck fracture]. PMID- 3254802 TI - The significance of leukemia and lymphoma cells in cerebrospinal fluid contaminated by blood containing malignant cells: a probabilistic approach based on the Poisson frequency distribution. AB - The significance of malignant cells in a body fluid is often difficult to determine if that fluid is contaminated by blood containing malignant cells. This problem is most often seen in examination of CSF from patients with lymphoma or leukemia. We suggest a statistical model of this problem in which the numbers of malignant cells in the blood and the fluid specimen are related to the number of red blood cells. Using the Poisson distribution, the probability of finding the observed number of malignant cells in the fluid is calculated and used as the basis for suggesting whether these cells are likely to represent contamination effect or true involvement of the fluid by the malignancy. The limitations and applicability of this process are discussed. PMID- 3254805 TI - Cytologic indicators of condylomatous lesions of the uterine cervix with histologic correlation: an outpatient laboratory's experience. AB - Human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely implicated as a primary etiologic factor in cervical carcinoma. Cytology plays an important role as the initial screening tool in the early detection of cervical lesions with koilocytotic features. The purpose of this study was to describe the various cytologic indicators of condylomatous lesions of the uterine cervix with histologic correlation. Cervical smears and biopsy specimens from 278 women seen in an outpatient clinical setting between January 1, 1985; and January 1, 1987, were reviewed. The histologic categories consisted of (1) flat condylomas with minimal cellular atypia; and (2) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), I, II, or III with atypical koilocytosis. Cytologically in 57 cases, flat condylomas were composed predominantly of koilocytes containing large perinuclear halos and dyskeratotic cells. In the 221 cases of CIN with atypical koilocytosis, the cervical smears were composed predominantly of atypical koilocytes with large hyperchromatic nuclei and small perinuclear halos; a variable number of koilocytes with large perinuclear halos; pleomorphic dyskeratotic cells; and abnormal multinucleated cells. Mild, moderate, or severely dysplastic/carcinoma-in-situ cells (CIS) were also present. An understanding of the cytologic features associated with condylomatous lesions of the cervix will enable the cytopathologist to alert the clinician of the need to perform colposcopy with the appropriate follow-up treatment. PMID- 3254803 TI - The fine-needle aspiration appearance of the follicular variant of thyroid papillary carcinoma: a report of three cases. AB - The follicular variant of thyroid papillary carcinoma (FVTPC) is an uncommon neoplasm with the architectural features of a follicular lesion and the nuclear characteristics of a papillary carcinoma. The fine-needle aspiration (FNA) appearance is underreported in the literature. Three cases of histologically confirmed FVTPC that were aspirated prior to surgery are presented. Although the cytological features were suspicious or confirmatory of a low-grade thyroid carcinoma, they did not convey a specific diagnosis of the FVTPC. We suggest that this variant is recognizable as a neoplasm requiring surgical excision on FNA, but that the cytological appearance does not allow its specific diagnosis. PMID- 3254804 TI - Fine-needle aspiration cytology of meningiomas with unusual presentations. AB - Meningiomas are not often aspirated unless they erode the skull, occur intraorbitally, or present as swelling in the head and neck region. We describe the cytologic findings of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in four cases of meningioma that presented with swellings in the head and neck region. The patients underwent surgery, and the diagnosis of meningioma was confirmed. Three of the four cases were reported as aggressive meningiomas on histopathology. PMID- 3254806 TI - Cytologic criteria of hyperplastic lesions in endometrial samples obtained by the endocyte sampler. AB - The present investigation attempted to identify useful parameters for the cytologic diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasias in samples obtained with the Endopap endometrial sampler. A clinical and morphological classification dividing hyperplasia into benign simple hyperplasia (BSH); benign complex hyperplasia (BCH); and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) has been suggested by Meisels, et al. based on five valuable cytologic criteria. To these we added six of our own and applied them to 1.172 cases, 432 of which had a previous histologic diagnosis of normal proliferative endometrium (NPE); 462 were BSH, 210 were BCH, and 14 fit the EIN pattern. The cytologic criteria evaluated were overlapping cells, enlarged nuclei, aniso karyosis, granularity of chromatin, stromal cells, branching glandular structures, and moruloid or papillary-like cellular aggregates, dilated glandular borders in cellular sheets, nuclear clearing, clumped chromatin, and enlarged eosinophilic cytoplasm. Our results are consistent with the following findings: (1) there is no useful parameter for cytologic differentiation between NPE and BSH; (2) BCH is characterized by cellular aggregates, dilated glandular borders in cellular sheets, and branching glandular structures; (3) EIN is characterized by nuclear clearing, clumped chromatin, and anisokaryosis; and (4) enlargement of nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm alone is not sufficient for the diagnosis of EIN. PMID- 3254807 TI - Cytologic features of prostatic adenocarcinoma in urine: a clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study. AB - Cells of adenocarcinoma of the prostate (ACP) are infrequently shed in urine. We examined the clinicopathologic features of 22 patients with ACP and tumor cells in urine. Patients typically were clinical stage C or D and had hematuria (13 cases, 59%) and/or obstruction (11 cases, 50%). Prostatic palpation or instrumentation preceded collection of 15 urine specimens. Histologically, tumors were high grade (Gleason score 7-10) and extensive, with involvement of prostatic ducts and acini (10 cases, 45%) and prostatic urethra (5 cases, 23%). Cytologically, the background was clean, and neoplastic cells appeared singly, in loose clusters, as large "casts," or, rarely, in papillary structures. The cells were small, round to oval, with a moderate amount of finely granular or vacuolated cytoplasm; nuclei were generally round with a thin, often irregular membrane, finely granular chromatin, and a single prominent nucleolus. Immunoperoxidase staining for prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen was useful in distinguishing ACP from transitional cell carcinoma. PMID- 3254808 TI - Aspiration cytology of retinoblastoma: light and electron microscopic correlations. AB - A series of 16 cases of retinoblastoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and confirmed by histologic examination is reviewed, and the salient cytomorphologic features are described. Two types of cells were encountered in the aspiration smears; type I cells were undifferentiated while type II cells showed more differentiation and frequently revealed cytoplasmic processes that are probably indicative of early photoreceptor differentiation. Flexner Wintersteiner rosettes characteristic of retinoblastoma were found in 10 of 16 cases. These findings were further correlated with ultrastructural examination of the tumors in nine cases. It is concluded that the presence of rosettes and type II cells with cytoplasmic processes are the two features that are most helpful in the FNAB diagnosis of retinoblastoma. PMID- 3254809 TI - Pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoclast-like giant cells expressing an epithelial-associated antigen detected by monoclonal antibody 44-3A6. AB - This article describes a case of pleomorphic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, metastatic to the adrenal glands and liver, that has unique cytological and histological features. Cytology demonstrated numerous mononuclear and multinucleated tumor giant cells as well as numerous osteoclast-like giant cells. These features were also seen in the histological sections, as were numerous clear cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated features suggesting an epithelial origin of the epulis cells. Prominent immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibody (MCA) 44-3A6 of these cellular constituents was seen in the aspirate and in the tissue sections. These data provide further evidence to support the epithelial origin of these cellular components. PMID- 3254810 TI - Aspiration cytology of neuroblastoma: light microscopy with transmission and scanning electron microscopic correlations. AB - Fine-needle aspiration biopsies from three patients with neuroblastoma were studied by light microscopy, and the morphologic findings were correlated with those from transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopic examination of the aspiration smears from all three cases revealed small and large round cells with variable numbers of intertwining cytoplasmic processes. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the light microscopic finding of cytoplasmic processes; in addition, it revealed the presence of other diagnostic morphologic features, including neurosecretory granules, microtubules, and synaptic cell junctions. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the tumors were composed of a mixture of undifferentiated round cells and more differentiated cells with long cytoplasmic processes. The morphologic spectrum of these processes and their interrelationships with one another and with other cells could be studied in detail. These findings indicate that scanning electron microscopy may be used effectively in the morphologic evaluation and pathologic diagnosis of neuroblastoma. PMID- 3254811 TI - Cytodiagnosis of extrahepatic biliary duct tumors from specimens obtained during cholangiography. AB - Two cases of cholangiocarcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary ducts, one case of bile duct adenoma, and one case of pancreatic carcinoma involving the common bile duct are presented to illustrate cytologic diagnoses from specimens obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Obtaining specimens during these procedures can be advantageous because the cells retrieved are well-preserved, surgery is not required, and patients with advanced disease can be managed conservatively once a diagnosis is rendered. Cytologic diagnosis can be difficult, since malignancies of the extrahepatic bile ducts are often well-differentiated. Cytologic findings with histologic correlation are presented to emphasize the subtle cellular features of these uncommon lesions. PMID- 3254813 TI - Cytology of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasms of the pancreas: a case report. AB - A case of rare pancreatic tumor in a 39-yr-old woman is reported. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed; frozen sections later allowed definite diagnosis. Cytologic features of the tumor are described, and histogenesis is discussed. PMID- 3254812 TI - Cervical schwannoma with intranuclear vacuoles by fine-needle sampling without aspiration. AB - In a 49-yr-old woman who presented with a cervical mass, a fine-needle specimen without aspiration was suggestive of paraganglioma; there were spindle-shaped cells with pseudoacinar structures and prominent intranuclear vacuoles. Subsequent examination of a mass removed from the vagus nerve clearly identified a schwannoma. The differential diagnosis is discussed, particularly in relation to the presence of intranuclear vacuoles, and it is concluded that this cytological characteristic should not in itself define the diagnosis. PMID- 3254814 TI - Recurrent spinal meningioma presenting as a neck mass diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. PMID- 3254816 TI - Two DIF-inducible, prestalk-specific mRNAs of Dictyostelium encode extracellular matrix proteins of the slug. AB - The migratory slug of Dictyostelium discoideum is surrounded by, and continuously synthesizes, an extracellular protein-cellulose matrix known as the slime sheath which is deposited on the substratum as a trail marking the slug's progress. We show that the stalk-specific proteins, ST310 and ST430, are exclusively located in the slime sheath and trail and that fusion genes, containing upstream sequences from the cognate genes, direct correct mRNA accumulation during development and correct localization of the fusion protein. Immunoelectron microscopy shows the ST310 and ST430 proteins to be present throughout the entire thickness of the slime sheath and almost totally absent from the cells of the slug. The genes that encode the ST310 and ST430 polypeptides are inducible by DIF, a stalk-specific inducing agent, and the mRNAs are highly enriched in prestalk over prespore cells. The production of these extracellular proteins by prestalk cells suggests that, in a manner somewhat analogous to that of extracellular matrix proteins of higher eukaryotes, the anterior region of the slug may be responsible for the continuous deposition of a track, along which the slug cells migrate. In the mature culminant, the ST310, and possibly the ST430, protein form part of the stalk tube and stalk cell wall. Therefore, the results also show that there are proteins common to both slime trial and stalk tube, indicating a possible precursor-product relationship between these chemically similar integuments. PMID- 3254815 TI - CpG methylation of an X-linked transgene is determined by somatic events postfertilization and not germline imprinting. AB - The process of X-inactivation in mammals requires at least two events, the initiation of inactivation and the maintenance of the inactive state. One possible mechanism of control is by methylation of DNA at CpG dinucleotides to maintain the inactive state. Furthermore, the paternal X-chromosome is frequently inactivated in the extraembryonic membranes. The relationship between the parental origin of the chromosome, nonrandom inactivation and DNA methylation is not clear. In this paper, we report on the CpG methylation of an X-linked transgene, CAT-32. The levels of methylation in embryonic, extraembryonic and germline cells indicates that the modifications of the transgene are broadly similar to those reported for endogenous X-linked genes. Interestingly, the methylation of CAT-32 transgene in extraembryonic tissues displays patterns that could be linked to the germline origin of each allele. Hence, the maternally derived copy of CAT-32 was relatively undermethylated when compared to the paternal one. The changes in DNA methylation were attributed to de novo methylation occurring after fertilization, most probably during differentiation of extraembryonic tissues. In order to determine whether or not the patterns of DNA methylation reflected the germline origin of the X-chromosome, we constructed triploid embryos specifically to introduce two maternal X-chromosomes in the same embryo. In some of these triploid conceptuses, methylation patterns characteristic of the paternally derived transgene were observed. This observation indicates that the methylation patterns are not necessarily dependent on the parental origin of the X-chromosome, but could be changed by somatic events after fertilization. One of the more likely mechanisms is methylation of the transgene following inactivation of the X-chromosome in extraembryonic tissues. PMID- 3254817 TI - A cell-type-specific abnormality of cell proliferation in mutant (curly tail) mouse embryos developing spinal neural tube defects. AB - The mouse mutant curly tail (ct) provides a model system for studies of neurulation mechanisms. 60% of ct/ct embryos develop spinal neural tube defects (NTD) as a result of delayed neurulation at the posterior neuropore whereas the remaining 40% of embryos develop normally. In order to investigate the role of cell proliferation during mouse neurulation, cell cycle parameters were studied in curly tail embryos developing spinal NTD and in their normally developing litter-mates. Measurements were made of mitotic index, median length of S-phase and percent reduction of labelling index during a [3H]thymidine pulse-chase experiment. These independent measures of cell proliferation rate indicate a reduced rate of proliferation of gut endoderm and notochord cells in the neuropore region of embryos developing spinal NTD compared with normally developing controls. The incidence of cell death and the relative frequency of mitotic spindle orientations does not differ consistently between normal and abnormal embryos. These results suggest a mechanism of spinal NTD pathogenesis in curly tail embryos based on failure of normal cell proliferation in gut endoderm and notochord. PMID- 3254818 TI - Prevention of spinal neural tube defects in the mouse embryo by growth retardation during neurulation. AB - Homozygous mutant curly tail mouse embryos developing spinal neural tube defects (NTD) exhibit a cell-type-specific abnormality of cell proliferation that affects the gut endoderm and notochord but not the neuroepithelium. We suggested that spinal NTD in these embryos may result from the imbalance of cell proliferation rates between affected and unaffected cell types. In order to test this hypothesis, curly tail embryos were subjected to influences that retard growth in vivo and in vitro. The expectation was that growth of unaffected rapidly growing cell types would be reduced to a greater extent than affected slowly growing cell types, thus counteracting the genetically determined imbalance of cell proliferation rates and leading to normalization of spinal neurulation. Food deprivation of pregnant females for 48 h prior to the stage of posterior neuropore closure reduced the overall incidence of spinal NTD and almost completely prevented open spina bifida, the most severe form of spinal NTD in curly tail mice. Analysis of embryos earlier in gestation showed that growth retardation acts by reducing the incidence of delayed neuropore closure. Culture of embryos at 40.5 degrees C for 15-23 h from day 10 of gestation, like food deprivation in vivo, also produced growth retardation and led to normalization of posterior neuropore closure. Labelling of embryos in vitro with [3H]thymidine for 1 h at the end of the culture period showed that the labelling index is reduced to a greater extent in the neuroepithelium than in other cell types in growth retarded embryos compared with controls cultured at 38 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3254819 TI - Divergent axon collaterals in the regenerating goldfish optic tract: a fluorescence double-label study. AB - In the normal goldfish, optic axons are distributed between the two arms (brachia) of each optic tract, in such a way that each axon enters the tectum close to its retinotopic termination site. We have shown previously that regenerating axons at first express little or no preference for their normal brachium. Later, however, a partial refinement of the brachial pathway takes place, implying that some axons must have sent out divergent collateral branches and then eliminated the least appropriate. We have now studied the formation and subsequent loss of axon collaterals in regeneration using retrogradely transported fluorescent dyes. We labelled the axons in the medial brachium with Fast Blue and those in the lateral brachium with Diamidino Yellow in a way that avoided cross-contamination. In normal fish, yellow-labelled ganglion cells dominated the dorsal retina and blue-labelled ganglion cells the ventral, with only a narrow zone of overlap. Double-labelled cells were not found. In fish labelled early in regeneration, however, both dyes were spread over the entire retina in single- and double-labelled ganglion cells. As regeneration progressed, each dye again came to dominate its appropriate retinal region; but much less strongly, confirming previous results. At the same time, double-labelled cells became harder to find. From 60 days after nerve cut onwards they were rare, and largely confined to the boundary zone between dorsal and ventral retina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3254820 TI - Retinotopic refinement of the regenerating goldfish optic tract is not linked to activity-dependent refinement of the retinotectal map. AB - The cut optic nerve of a goldfish can regenerate, restoring an orderly projection from the retina to the optic tectum. At first, regenerating axons make transient connections, many of them in inappropriate tectal locations. Later, their arrangement is gradually refined into an accurate retinotectal map by a process that depends on afferent activity. On their way to the tectum, many regenerating axons make erroneous choices between the two arms (brachia) of the optic tract. However, since they commonly possess divergent collateral branches, a secondary refinement of the brachial pattern can occur by selective collateral elimination. How or why a particular collateral is lost is not known, but we have previously suggested that sibling branches might compete to form stable tectal synapses, implying that there might be a causal link between refinement of the brachial pattern and refinement of the retinotectal map. In this paper, we have tested directly for such a link, blocking map refinement with tetrodotoxin (TTX) or stroboscopic light, verifying the effectiveness of the block and measuring the extent of brachial refinement by standard methods in experimental and control fish. Both TTX and stroboscopic light reliably prevented map refinement, their results being indistinguishable. However, neither had even the slightest detrimental effect on brachial refinement, either 42 days or 70 days after nerve cut. Evidently, neither activity nor a sharp retinotectal projection is necessary for brachial refinement. Theory and experiment both dictate that the basic projection pattern be controlled by a mechanism (such as chemoaffinity) that is independent of activity, and it would seem that selective collateral loss must depend on the same mechanism. PMID- 3254821 TI - Heat shock causes repeated segmental anomalies in the chick embryo. AB - A single heat shock, given to 2-day-old chick embryos, can generate multiple but discrete somite and skeletal anomalies. Each of these anomalies is restricted to one, or at the most two, consecutive segments. The anomalies are separated from each other by a distance of 6-7 somites or vertebrae, or a multiple of this distance. These results argue against the 'clock and wavefront' model; while they support the idea of a cellular clock, they are not consistent with a single propagating wave gating cells destined to form each segment. Heat shock also alters the size and number of segments, as well as the rostrocaudal proportions of the sclerotome. The results are consistent with the rostrocaudal fate of sclerotome cells being determined during segmentation. From our observations, we speculate on the implications for regionalization of the vertebral column. PMID- 3254822 TI - The US National Cholesterol Education Program. Adult treatment guidelines. AB - The National Institutes of Health (NIH) have begun a new National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Modelled on the successful High Blood Pressure Education Program of the last 15 years, the NCEP has the goals of developing education approaches on how to manage blood cholesterol in the general population and of encouraging health professionals and the public to implement these approaches widely across the United States. The NCEP treatment guidelines recommend that all adults have a blood cholesterol measurement at least once every 5 years. Patients with levels greater than 5.2 mmol/L (200 mg/dl) [confirmed by a second blood cholesterol measurement] should be advised to adopt a Step 1 fat-controlled diet. Patients with cholesterol exceeding 6.2 mmol/L (240 mg/dl) are candidates for intensive treatment with a Step 2 diet and sometimes drugs, as are those in the 5.2 to 6.2 mmol/L (200 to 240 mg/dl) range who are at especially high risk because they already have coronary artery disease and/or 2 other risk factors. However, drugs for lowering blood cholesterol should be used only when the indication has been confirmed by measuring LDL-cholesterol, and as a supplement to the dietary treatment. PMID- 3254823 TI - Lowering lipids and the genesis of hypertension. PMID- 3254826 TI - Symposium on Topical Corticosteroids Today and Tomorrow. Augmented proceedings of a symposium. Bali, 16-20 June 1988. PMID- 3254824 TI - Clinical experience with simvastatin compared with cholestyramine. AB - Simvastatin (MK733), derived from lovastatin by substituting CH3 for H at the 2' position, is a potent hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitor. Its cholesterol-lowering effect in 40 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia was more pronounced (an LDL-cholesterol reduction of 43%) than that of cholestyramine monotherapy in a matched group of 20 patients (30% reduction). The combination of the 2 drugs for 50 patients who tolerated cholestyramine was even more effective (a 54% reduction of LDL-cholesterol). The other changes were as follows: total cholesterol (simvastatin [S] -36%, cholestyramine [C] -23%, both drugs in combination [S + C] -45%); HDL-cholesterol (S +16%, C +9%, S + C +20%); triglyceride (S -21%, C +11%, S + C -17%); and the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A ratio (S -51%, C -39%, S + C -67%). Cholestyramine caused more gastrointestinal adverse effects (12 of 20 patients), whereas a transaminase increase was seen both with cholestyramine (2 of 20 patients) and simvastatin (3 of 40 patients) and with the combination (6 of 50 patients). Treatment with simvastatin decreases the atherogenic potential of plasma more than cholestyramine monotherapy and causes fewer adverse effects. For those patients who tolerate cholestyramine, the combination of the drugs is even more potent. PMID- 3254827 TI - Diflucortolone valerate. Asian experience. AB - More than 10 years ago, diflucortolone valerate (Nerisone, Nerisona) was introduced in Germany and soon after in Asian countries in a concentration of 0.1% in cream, ointment and fatty ointment bases. 897 patients were included in the first Southeast Asian multicentre trial with these 3 formulations, and good efficacy and tolerability combined with a rapid onset of effect were shown. These results were confirmed later in Indonesia in an extended follow-up trial which included 1295 patients. A combination of 0.1% diflucortolone valerate with 1.0% chlorquinaldol was introduced after a multicentre Southeast Asian trial involving 8668 patients with inflammatory or allergic skin conditions for which a supplementary anti-infective treatment, for prophylaxis or therapy, was considered to be indicated. Excellent results were obtained in terms of efficacy, tolerability and cosmetic properties. A randomised double-blind trial comparing this preparation with a so-called 'shotgun' combination containing 0.05% betamethasone 17-valerate, 0.1% gentamicin, 1.0% tolnaftate and 1.0% clioquinol in 288 patients in the Philippines resulted in a better efficacy for the diflucortolone preparation in the 80 patients with bacterially or mycotically infected skin diseases. A 0.3% concentration of diflucortolone valerate was developed and introduced as a high potency topical corticosteroid. A trial in the Philippines which involved 143 patients with mostly severe chronic recurrent and resistant corticosteroid-responsive skin disease confirmed a pronounced clinical efficacy with a low incidence of side effects. For the treatment of inflammatory or eczematised dermatomycosis. 0.1% diflucortolone was combined with 1.0% isoconazole nitrate (Travocort). In a randomised double-blind study of 294 patients in Thailand, this preparation was compared with a plain 1.0% clotrimazole formulation. The results were significantly better for the diflucortolone plus isoconazole nitrate combination in terms of remission of symptoms, and after 1 week the mycological cure rates were also better, as shown in potassium hydroxide and culture investigations. It is concluded, therefore, that diflucortolone valerate in the available galenic bases and in effective combinations with other agents has been proven in extensive clinical trials to be a valuable therapeutic tool in dermatological practice. PMID- 3254825 TI - Population and individual strategies for the prevention of coronary heart disease. Policy of the European Atherosclerosis Society. AB - Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors affect a large proportion of European adult populations; hence most CHD results from the exposure of many people to moderately elevated risk factor levels. The population strategy is directed to improving the health-related behaviour of the entire population, by means of mass education and administrative measures aimed at nutrition, smoking and exercise; these measures are reviewed in some detail. This approach is inadequate for minimising risk in the minority in whom pronounced risk factor levels are present (e.g. major forms of hyperlipidaemia); such persons require individual therapy in a clinical setting, i.e. an individual strategy. The European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) endorses both strategies and regards them as complementary. It advocates a case-finding approach to identifying those people requiring individual care. Although lipid risk factors, like blood pressure, are continuous variables, the EAS has defined action limits for plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol concentrations; the interpretation of these is influenced by the presence and extent of other risk factors and of cardiovascular disease, and by age and sex. Recently the EAS has produced guidelines on the recognition and treatment of hyperlipidaemia. These provide sufficient step by step detail to permit the effective, safe management of most hyperlipidaemic patients by the non specialised physician, with advice on dietary and drug therapies, and the investigation and management of all major forms of hyperlipidaemia. The main features of these guidelines are described in this paper. PMID- 3254828 TI - Introductory remarks: symposium on pinacidil: potassium channel openers in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 3254829 TI - Pinacidil: potassium channel openers in the treatment of hypertension. Proceedings of a symposium. Copenhagen, 10-11 March, 1988. PMID- 3254830 TI - Vasodilatation with pinacidil. Mode of action in rat resistance vessels. AB - Pinacidil is a newly developed antihypertensive vasodilator, proposed to belong to the new group of smooth muscle relaxants, the K+ channel openers. The in vitro effects of pinacidil on induced tone, smooth muscle membrane potential and 86Rb and 42K efflux from rat resistance vessels (internal diameter about 200 microns) were studied. Tone induced with noradrenaline was concentration-dependently inhibited by pinacidil. Responses to electrical field stimulation were also inhibited. However, tone induced with high K+ depolarisation, noradrenaline in the presence of high K+, caffeine-induced contractions and noradrenaline contractions in the presence of felodipine were little affected by pinacidil. Pinacidil caused concentration-dependent hyperpolarisation of the resting smooth muscle. Pinacidil caused only a small and transient increase of the 86Rb efflux rate constant, while the same concentrations of pinacidil produced a significant increase in the 42K efflux rate constant. Our results seem to indicate that the relaxant effect of pinacidil is the result of an increase in K+ permeability, thus causing hyperpolarisation and relaxation. The opened K+ channels appear to be selective for K+ over Rb+. PMID- 3254831 TI - Effects of long term treatment with pinacidil and nifedipine on left ventricular anatomy and function in patients with mild to moderate systemic hypertension. AB - Hypertrophy of the left ventricle in hypertension is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Thus, the prevention of and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy should be essential goals of antihypertensive treatment. Some commonly used antihypertensive drugs do not have this ability, despite achieving adequate blood pressure control. In a double-blind randomised parallel group study, we evaluated the effects of adjunctive long term therapy with either pinacidil or nifedipine on blood pressure and left ventricular function and anatomy (echocardiography) in 22 patients with a diastolic blood pressure above 95mm Hg who were already receiving bendrofluazide 5mg daily. Pinacidil reduced left ventricular mass from 326.3 +/- 126.2g to 251.2 +/- 114.6g (p less than 0.001) compared with nifedipine, which reduced ventricular mass from 293.6 +/- 35.7g to 267.3 +/- 34.7 (p = 0.04). In this respect, pinacidil was more effective than nifedipine (p = 0.013). Pinacidil improved left ventricular diastolic function, measured by the isovolumetric relaxation time, whereas nifedipine did not affect this parameter. Global systolic function was little affected by either drug. However, the end systolic wall stress was significantly reduced by both therapeutic regimens. Pinacidil may, therefore, be a potentially valuable antihypertensive drug. PMID- 3254832 TI - [Clinico-pharmacologic studies with a M1 receptor antagonist (substance AWD 26 06) in a phase I clinical trial]. AB - The tolerability of the compound AWD 26-06 (which is to classify as a M1 antagonist in consequence of the pharmacological investigations) was investigated in 11 healthy male persons with increasing dosage from 5 to 150 mg. Dryness of the mouth and scratch in the throat were observed by a dosage of 50 mg onwards, a diminuation of the flow of saliva and the accommodation were observed by a dosage of 100 and 150 mg, respectively. The frequency of the heart, but not the blood pressure, is increased by 150 mg of AWD 26-06. The influence on the secretion of the gastric juice was investigated in normal conditions and after stimulation by Pentagastrin with a dosage of AWD 26-06 of 25 mg in comparison with a placebo on 7 healthy male persons. The volume of gastric juice was diminished by 35% in all fractions, but the secretion of HCl, measured as basal acid output and peak acid output, was diminished in 5 of the 7 persons by 20%. A further investigation in order to check the therapeutic effect in patients with ulcus ventriculi and ulcus duodeni, respectively, is necessary and useful. PMID- 3254833 TI - [Esophageal function in duodenal ulcer]. AB - We examined 21 patients with duodenal ulcer confirmed by endoscopy for disturbances of esophageal function, using manometric techniques and long-term pH measurement. Pathological manometric findings, largely of a mild degree, were obtained in 48 per cent of the patients examined, and a pathological gastro esophageal reflux was found in 81 per cent, with only 33 per cent suffering from reflux esophagitis as confirmed by endoscopy and/or histological examination. Although duodenal ulcer and disturbed esophageal function often appear simultaneously, a causal connection seems unlikely. Alcohol and nicotine stimulate reflux, with the degree of severity depending on the amount. PMID- 3254838 TI - Morphometric investigations in experimental ovarian endometriosis. PMID- 3254837 TI - The future of the institute of ophthalmology. PMID- 3254836 TI - [Pancreatico-biliary secretion in enteral hyperoxaluria]. AB - The increased oxalic acid absorption is a well documented finding in gastroenterological diseases. The malabsorption of bile acids and fat is important in the pathogenesis of the hyperoxaluria. The enteric absorption of 14C labelled oxalic acid was measured in 49 patients with different diseases. The dihydroxy-trihydroxy-ratio of bile acids is significantly decreased in patients with hyperoxaluria over 20% of the ingested dosage. We didn't find any correlation between the excretion of oxalic acid and the intraduodenal pancreatic lipase activity. PMID- 3254835 TI - [Development of cryosurgery treatment methods in inoperable anus and rectum cancer and their introduction to general practice]. AB - The domain of cryosurgery in proctology is in the field of inoperable anal and rectal carcinoma therapy with the aim of improving living quality. By intravital microscopy the role of microcirculation as the causative factor for counterheating could be proved. There by the cryodestruction is restricted. By temperature measurements we know that the limit for absolute tissue destruction is given at 3-8 mm tissue depth. A new device for cryosurgical treatment of inoperable anal and rectal carcinoma was developed (2nd generation of the device) and introduced into praxis. A total of 247 cases were our own patients at the average age of 75 years and a lethality of 0.25%. Generally, an improvement of living quality was achieved by the cryotherapy in those patients with stenosing colorectal carcinoma. 50% of all patients lived longer than 2 years. In 242 patients of the total of 247 cryosurgically treated patients the establishing of an anus praeter could be spared. PMID- 3254834 TI - [Esophageal function in portal hypertension before and after sclerotherapy]. AB - An examination of esophageal function using manometric techniques and long-term pH measurement was carried out on 14 patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver who had esophageal varices. The resting pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter was found to be slightly reduced in 50 per cent of those examined, while 100 per cent showed a slightly reduced contraction amplitude in the distal tubular esophagus which became progressively lower in the distal direction, and a pathological gastro-esophageal reflux was observed in 57 per cent. We were able to carry out a control examination on 10 of these patients after sclerosing procedure. Sclerotherapy was found to have lowered resting pressures in the lower esophageal sphincter in 80 per cent of those patients, while all of them showed a grossly impaired tubular peristalsis in the form of simultaneous, mostly repetitive contractions with a considerably lowered contraction amplitude, however it had no negative influence on gastro-esophageal reflux patterns. PMID- 3254839 TI - [Vitamin A and vitamin A-binding protein levels in the blood serum of women with cervical cancer]. PMID- 3254840 TI - [Cytologic picture of smears from the cervix uteri of women using intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD)]. PMID- 3254841 TI - [Comparative studies of the Polish diagnostic kit GRAVIPOL 1 for detection of early pregnancy, and other pregnancy tests]. PMID- 3254842 TI - [Massive hemorrhage into the villous membrane of the placenta with subsequent delivery of an infant in good condition]. PMID- 3254843 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3254845 TI - Microscopic investigations of areolar brow structure in nonhuman primates and of vermiculate brow structure in hominids. AB - The microscopic structure of bone of the brow region was studied in adult human crania showing the vermiculate surface pattern, and in immature nonhuman primates with an areolar surface. Serial sections from different parts of each brow sampled regional comparability. The human brow regions are basically similar, and differ from those of the other primates. The elevations and depressions of vermiculate surfaces are lamellar bone, usually covered by layers featuring Sharpey's fibers. In contrast, the immature nonhuman primates do not have continuous brow surface layers. Passageways to the interior are closely spaced and separated by irregular projections. These findings indicate that fossil and modern human vermiculate surfaces are not structurally equivalent to areolar brow surfaces observed in some immature nonhuman primates. Reports describing fossil hominid brow regions as composed of 'fine cancellous bone' are probably erroneous and give misleading interpretations of their development and function. PMID- 3254844 TI - [Malignant transformation of Buschke-Lowenstein tumor]. PMID- 3254846 TI - Modified subfossil aye-aye incisors from southwestern Madagascar: species allocation and paleoecological significance. AB - Two of the three drilled aye-aye incisors collected in 1901 by Grandidier at the subfossil site of Lamboharana were recently rediscovered in uncatalogued collections of the Institut de Paleontologie in Paris. These teeth are not much wider or thicker than those of the extant aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), but their arc of curvature is noticeably greater. These facts indicate that the teeth probably belong to D. robusta, a large extinct aye-aye whose dentition is otherwise unknown. No other remains referable to Daubentonia have been reported from Lamboharana, although D. robusta is known from other localities in the southwest. The presence of Daubentonia in southern Madagascar does not demonstrate that this region was markedly more humid or densely forested in the recent past. It remains to be established whether the extinction of D. robusta throughout its range in southern Madagascar, and local disappearance of D. madagascariensis everywhere but in the eastern forest biotope, is due to late Holocene climatic change, to anthropogenic effects, or both factors combined. PMID- 3254847 TI - Nocturnal vocalizations by squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). PMID- 3254848 TI - Simultaneous attack by adult males of a polyspecific troop of monkeys against a crowned hawk eagle. PMID- 3254849 TI - Seasonal variation of taste threshold for sucrose in a prosimian species, Microcebus murinus. PMID- 3254850 TI - Blue monkeys eat mice. PMID- 3254851 TI - Gestation and birth-related behaviors in Temminck's red colobus. PMID- 3254852 TI - Many males do not a multimale troop make. PMID- 3254853 TI - Activity patterns in a captive group of Celebes black apes (Macaca nigra). AB - Both time of day and weather significantly influenced the behavioral activity profile of a captive group of Celebes black apes. There were significant differences when their activity profile was compared to those of stumptail macaques, pigtail macaques, sooty mangabeys and geladas observed under similar conditions. There were, nonetheless several remarkable consistencies, especially among taxonomically related forms. Significant sex differences were also noted for grooming, social interaction rates, self-directed activity, agonistic and sexual behavior. Scores were consistent with data on a second group of black apes and previously reported unusual behavioral categories were confirmed. PMID- 3254854 TI - Age gradations in vocalization and body weight in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). AB - 449 syllables in 174 food calls of Japanese monkeys of various ages were analyzed spectrographically. The fundamental frequency bands were divided into 55 frequency modulation patterns. The percentage of harsh syllables changed with age class among adults. Although the duration of syllables did not change with age, the maximum fundamental frequency and the minimum fundamental frequency showed age-related changes. Both were distinctly decreased by 6-8 years of age and thereafter the decline was far more gradual. Body weight also increased up to 6 years of age for females and 8 years for males, thereafter stabilizing for both sexes. The matching in age-related changes between fundamental frequency and body weight indicates that it is increase in size of the vocal folds with physical growth that lowers the fundamental frequency. PMID- 3254856 TI - Effects of agents used for zona pellucida removal on hamster oocyte penetration by human spermatozoa. PMID- 3254855 TI - Variations in vocal patterns of Senegal and South African lesser bushbabies and their implications for taxonomic relationships. AB - Vocalizations of Senegal and South African lesser bushbabies were compared with respect to their acoustic properties analysed from spectrograms and oscillograms. Homologous calls could be identified within comparable functional categories. Considerable similarities were revealed in most of the noisy vocalizations associated with aggressive, defensive or anxiety and alarm behaviour. Striking divergences were detected, however, in almost all of the tonal or harmonic call types given in association with contact or contact-seeking, defensive or alarm behaviour. The results provide strong support for the separation of the two forms into distinct species, Galago senegalensis and Galago moholi. PMID- 3254857 TI - A simple analysis of carnosine and anserine--it's application to traumatic shock. PMID- 3254859 TI - Ultrastructural and histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase in the taste bud of mouse vallate papilla. PMID- 3254858 TI - Effect of camostat mesilate on puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotic rats. PMID- 3254860 TI - Survey on subjective symptoms in office workers using visual display terminals. PMID- 3254861 TI - Effects of oestrogen on gastrocnemius muscle of immature mice. PMID- 3254862 TI - Regulation of type I collagen gene expression in human skin fibroblast cultures: DNA methylation and DNase I hypersensitivity. PMID- 3254863 TI - Distribution and characteristics of mast cells in immature rat ovary. PMID- 3254864 TI - Effect of solasodine on morphology, motility and glycolytic enzymes of buffalo bull spermatozoa. PMID- 3254865 TI - Responses of medullary vasoactive neurones in cat to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine and noradrenaline. PMID- 3254866 TI - Bilateral suprachiasmatic injection of naloxone disrupts circadian rhythm of food intake. PMID- 3254868 TI - Interactions of cyclosporine and prednisolone on wound healing in male rats. PMID- 3254867 TI - Effect of alcoholic extract of Clitoria ternatea Linn. on central nervous system in rodents. PMID- 3254869 TI - Cardioprotective effects of certain indigenous drugs in myocardial ischaemia in rabbits. PMID- 3254870 TI - Effect of cadmium ions on ascorbate influence on cholesterol metabolism in guinea pigs. PMID- 3254871 TI - Lysosomes in denervation atrophy of frog Rana cyanophlictis (Schn.) muscle. PMID- 3254872 TI - 99mTc bone scanning agents--VI. Gel chromatographic analysis of the plasma protein binding of 99mTc(Sn)pyrophosphate, 99mTc(Sn)MDP and 99mTc(Sn)HMDP. PMID- 3254873 TI - Comparison of the iodogen and the microelectrochemical techniques for the radioiodination of monoclonal antibody 140.240. AB - The Iodogen technique was compared with the microelectrochemical technique for the radioiodination of submilligram quantities of monoclonal antibody 140.240. The titre of the antibody against cultured melanoma cells was decreased five-fold after iodination with 0.80-0.85 atoms of iodine per molecule of antibody with both techniques. The Iodogen technique resulted in 82.1% incorporation of iodine into the antibody, somewhat higher than the 78.0% obtained with the microchemical technique (P = 0.10). Therefore, the Iodogen technique is the preferred method based on efficiency and convenience. PMID- 3254874 TI - Radioiodinated rhodamine-123: preparation and preliminary evaluation as an agent for tumor scintigraphy. AB - Mitochondria specific dye, rhodamine-123 (Rh-123), has been labeled with radioactive iodine and tissue distribution of the radiolabeled product has been studied in mice. Transplantable KHT sarcoma and a spontaneous adenomammary carcinoma served as tumor models. The FAB mass spectra of iodinated Rh-123 indicated that mono and di-iodo products were formed which, as shown by other in vitro tests, were positively charged, and were heavily taken up by the mitochondria of living cells in culture. In animals, it was observed that, initially the radioactivity was taken up by all major organs from which it cleared rapidly including that from the KHT sarcoma; but not from the spontaneous adenomammary carcinoma. As a result, the spontaneous tumors retained much higher radioactivity than the equal weight of blood (x4.3) or muscle (x9.5), and were unequivocally detectable by external scintigraphy. The mitochondria selectivity and the specificity of the radioiodinated Rh-123 for the tumors of epithelial origin are exciting and warrant further studies of its use in diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 3254875 TI - Red blood cell volume (RBCV) and blood volume (BV) in male albino (NZW) rabbits with 99mTc. AB - Estimation of red blood cell volume (RBCV) and blood volume (BV) in experimental animals is important for studies concerning pharmaceutical distribution. In this study RBCV was measured, using 99mTc, in 64 male albino New Zealand rabbits with a body weight (BW) of 3.12 +/- 0.37 (SD) kg. The packed cell volume (PCV) was 38.17 +/- 2.37% (SD), the hematocrit (Hct) of the venous blood sample, corrected for trapped plasma, was PCV x 0.97 and the somatic hematocrit (Ho) was calculated as 0.89 x Hct. RBCV was measured using the pretinning method and the BV was calculated according to the formula BV = RBCV x 100/Ho. Labeling efficiency was 96.4% +/- 3.8% (SD). The RBCV was found to be 18.52 +/- 1.96 (SD) mL/kg (BW) and BV 56.12 +/- 4.82 (SD)mL/kg (BW). The correlation of the RBCV and BV to BW is given by the formulae: RBCV = 66.754 ln(BW(g)) - 478.702 (r2 = 0.624, P less than 0.001) and BV = -47.587 + 197.342 ln(BWkg) (r2 = 0.72, P less than 0.001). The 99mTc results do not differ significantly from those of the standard 51Cr procedure, but the 99mTc labeling method permits repetitive measurements at shorter intervals compared to 51Cr. PMID- 3254876 TI - Nuclear medicine studies of aging--IV. Femoral proximal to distal radionuclide uptake gradient. AB - Analyses of radionuclide bone scans were carried out to determine if, with the aging process, there were measurable changes in the femoral gradient of activity from proximal to distal portions of bone. Images of the femoral region were obtained using a gamma camera 2-3 h after i.v. administration of 99mTc labeled MDP. Sixty patients (1-85 years old) were selected based on the criteria that their femoral images appeared normal and there was no history of limb disease. Radionuclide concentrations at the upper, middle, and lower regions of the femur were determined from the femoral scans by using an optical densitometer, and background corrected. Results were expressed as ratios of upper to middle, lower to middle, and upper to lower regions of the femur. The analysis showed that the lower to middle ratio declined with age. PMID- 3254877 TI - Radiolabeled porphyrin vs gallium-67 citrate for the detection of human melanoma in athymic mice. AB - We performed the biodistribution and imaging studies of 111In and 67Ga labeled tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine, (T4NMPYP), and compared it to that of 67Ga citrate in athymic mice bearing a human melanoma xenograft. The biodistribution results of both 111In and 67Ga labeled T4NMPYP (3, 6, 24 and 48 h) were similar but differed from that of 67Ga-citrate (48 h). The optimum tumor uptake of both radiolabeled porphyrins was at 6 h post-injection and was lower than the tumor uptake of 67Ga-citrate at 48 h post-injection. Kidney was the only organ showing higher uptake of radiolabeled porphyrin compared to that of 67Ga-citrate. The imaging studies performed with 111In-T4NMPYP and 67Ga-citrate correspond to the biodistribution results. Osteomyelitis present in one mouse showed good localization of 111In-T4NMPYP. PMID- 3254878 TI - Synthesis and radioiodination of tyramine cellobiose for labeling monoclonal antibodies. AB - A tyramine cellobiose (TCB) adduct was synthesized by the reductive amination of cellobiose by tyramine with a product yield of 78%. The TCB adduct was purified by chromatography and then iodinated using the chloramine-T method. After iodination, the adduct was activated with cyanuric chloride and linked to protein by incubation at room temperature for 2 h. Immunoreactivity and avidity were well maintained compared to electrophilically radioiodinated 1A14 whole antibody. The tumor uptake and retention were strikingly greater with iodinated TCB-antibody compared to that of the conventionally iodinated antibody; whereas, the plasma clearance curve and uptake in other organs were not changed. This method of labeling increases the retention time of radioiodine in tumors and thus extends to iodinated antibodies one of the advantages of indium labels, namely that the isotope is not readily washed out of the tumor after it becomes localized. PMID- 3254879 TI - Use of 111In-labeled alginate to study the pH dependence of alginic acid anti esophageal reflux barrier. AB - Mixtures of alginic acid and antacid, when given orally, react with gastric acid to form a viscous barrier (raft) which floats on the surface of the gastric contents. 111In was used to label magnesium alginate in order to study the effect of gastric acidity on the extent of formation of the raft. In vitro, acid concentrations less than 0.05 N diminished raft formation. In vivo, raft formation was significantly better in normal subjects who ingested dilute acid with the labeled alginate/antacid than in subjects who ingested the labeled alginate/antacid with plain water. Gastric emptying of the labeled alginate was also slowed by the presence of acidified gastric contents. These results suggest that the formation of an effective alginic acid antireflux barrier requires acidic gastric contents. PMID- 3254880 TI - Radiopharmacological profiles of tracers under pathophysiological conditions. 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate uptake by bone in altered thyroid status. AB - The uptake of 99mTc-MDP, a skeletal radiotracer, was studied at early and late (3 h) time intervals in rats induced with altered thyroid status. Thyroid dysfunction resulted in disturbances in bone mineral metabolism. Rats rendered hypothyroid showed an overall retardation in growth and also considerably reduced skeletal uptake, especially at early time periods. On the other hand, rats rendered hyperthyroid did not show any significant alteration of the skeletal uptake as compared with controls despite enhanced bone turnover normally observed in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3254881 TI - Density and radioactivity distribution of respirable range human serum albumin aerosol. AB - Dry human serum albumin (HSA) aerosol in the respirable size range was generated using the BARC nebulizer. The aerosol was sampled using Lovelace Aerosol Particle Separator (LAPS) and the density of HSA was determined. Labelling of HSA with 99mTcO4- was done, both in HSA solution and with dry denatured HSA particles, to study the distribution of radioactivity in both cases. The results are discussed in the paper. PMID- 3254882 TI - Measurement of specific activity of radiolabelled antigens by a simple radioimmunoassay technique. AB - A simple radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique for measurement of specific activity of radiolabelled antigen is described. The technique involves setting up of a conventional RIA using multiple amounts of radiolabelled antigen as the unknown substance together with several RIA tubes containing the same amount of radiolabelled antigen with various known amounts of stable carrier. The known and unknown substances are equated at identical B/F ratio which would give the amounts of radiolabelled antigen. Counting the radioactivity in a counter with known efficiency gives its radioactive strength. PMID- 3254883 TI - Analysis of the dental morphology of Plio-Pleistocene hominids. V. Maxillary postcanine tooth morphology. AB - A total of 139 maxillary molar crowns and 79 maxillary premolar crowns, from at least 98 individual East and Southern African Plio-Pleistocene hominids, has been subjected to detailed morphometric analysis. All but 16 of the 98 specimens were assigned to taxonomic categories identified as EAFROB, EAFHOM, SAFGRA, SAFROB and EAFHER. The analysis was based on whole crowns and the component cusps. While there was variable overlap between the ranges of measured crown base area of the two Southern African taxa, there was little, or no, overlap between the two major East African taxonomic categories. Crown shape distinguished EAFHOM from the three other australopithecine taxa, especially for P3, P4 and M1. Of the non metrical traits, the expression of Carabelli's complex and the incidence of a distal cuspule discriminate best between the categories. Analysis of the absolute and relative cusp area data shows that the major taxonomic distinction in relative cusp area is in the premolars, in which it is apparent that EAFROB are distinguished by their larger buccal cusps. The principal conclusions of the assessment of the specimens in the 'unknown' category is that the postcanine dentitions of a skull, KNM-ER 1805, and a cranium, KNM-ER 1813, are closest in size and shape to EAFHOM. There is no dental evidence to suggest that these specimens should be assigned to A. africanus, the formal taxon making up the SAFGRA category. PMID- 3254884 TI - The central-peripheral transitional regions of cranial nerves. Oculomotor nerve. AB - Oculomotor nerve rootlets varied more markedly in size and in transitional zone length and form than those of any other nerve studied to date. However, they could be classified into four main types, each of which was associated with a characteristic type of central-peripheral transitional zone. Type 1 rootlets emerged from the brainstem through a tongue-shaped elevation of the glia limitans. This type of central-peripheral transition is found elsewhere only in a minority of abducent rootlets (Fraher et al. 1988). Type 2 rootlets contained long segments made up entirely of central nervous tissue and were the only motor rootlets so far described to contain a segment of this kind. Type 3 rootlets were the commonest and the largest. Before leaving the brainstem they ran laterally on its surface as the emergent rootlet segments, forming plexuses with one another. These rootlets contained a unique wedge-shaped type of central tissue projection. Over its entire length one surface of this coincided with the rootlet surface and a thin tapering strip of peripheral nervous tissue extended proximally for a considerable distance into the emergent rootlet segment. Type 4 rootlets emerged from the brainstem surface obliquely and contained a glial fringe. PMID- 3254885 TI - The central-peripheral transitional regions of cranial nerves. Trochlear and abducent nerves. AB - Unlike all other nerves containing somatic efferent fibres, the trochlear nerve emerges from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem. It generally emerges as a single trunk which resembles a dorsal rather than a ventral spinal nerve rootlet in terms of its size and of the morphology and position of the central tissue projection which it contains. The morphology of the central-peripheral transition of the trochlear nerve is therefore correlated with its dorsal location rather than with the nature of its constituent fibres. By contrast, abducent nerve rootlets emerge from the ventral aspect of the neuraxis, in line with other cranial and with spinal ventral nerve rootlets which also contain somatic efferent fibres. Its rootlets resemble the latter in terms of their size, being much smaller than those of dorsal rootlets or the trochlear nerve. They possess two distinct types of central-peripheral transitional zone: those of the rostral rootlets resemble zones of cervical ventral spinal rootlets. Many of these emerge through a circumscribed thickening of the astrocytic glia limitans. Caudal abducent rootlets emerge through a tongue-shaped glial elevation projecting above the level of the surrounding brainstem surface, resembling Type 1 oculomotor rootlets. PMID- 3254886 TI - The arrangement of the muscle at the ileo-caeco-rectal junction of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and the presence of anatomical sphincters. AB - The arrangement of the muscle at the ileo-caeco-rectal junction of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) was studied using light microscopy, three-dimensional reconstruction models and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The junction consists of a papilla-like protrusion of the ileum into the rectum, the 'ileal papilla', lateral to which are the openings of the large right and left caeca. The ileal papilla consists entirely of circular muscle which is not divided into an inner electron-dense portion and an outer electron-lucent portion as is the rest of the ileum. The longitudinal muscle layer does not enter the ileal papilla. The circular muscle at the junction forms three thickenings or sphincters which are continuous with one another: an ileal sphincter in the ileal papilla, and right and left caecal sphincters around the orifices of the caeca. The majority of nerve bundles are found in the circular muscle layer and consist of axons with small granular vesicles, axons with small agranular vesicles and axons with many large granular vesicles. The density of innervation, including the total number of axon profiles and the number of vesiculated axon profiles, is significantly higher in the circular muscle of the sphincters than in the ileum, caecum and rectum 5 mm from the junction. PMID- 3254887 TI - The rat parotid gland--a renewing cell population. AB - The mode of turnover and displacement of cells in the rat parotid gland was studied by means of autoradiography. The parotid parenchyma and stroma act as a two-compartment cell renewal system. Parotid cell progenitors are formed mainly in the intercalated duct from which they progress in opposite directions: to the striated duct on one side, while feeding into the acini on the other. The stroma cells stream along the same tissue radii as the parenchymal cells. PMID- 3254888 TI - A quantitative histological study of neuroglial number in the retrofacial, facial and trigeminal motor nuclei in the ageing mouse brain. AB - The number of neuroglia was estimated in the retrofacial, facial and trigeminal motor nuclei of the mouse brain at 6, 25, 28 and 31 months of age. There was no statistically significant variation in neuroglial number in either the facial or trigeminal motor nuclei despite changes in neuron number. There was a decrease in the number of neuroglia in the retrofacial nucleus between 25 and 28 months which was slightly greater than the decrease in neuronal number, followed by a small increase in neuroglial number between 28 and 31 months of age. The glia-to-neuron ratio in the facial and trigeminal motor nuclei was identical (between 5 and 6) and did not vary with age. The ratio in the retrofacial nucleus was lower (between 1.6 and 0.9) and this reflects the differences in structure between the retrofacial nucleus and the other two nuclei. PMID- 3254889 TI - Lectin histochemistry of the interdigital gland in the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) in winter. AB - The interdigital gland of the Japanese serow was examined by histological and lectin histochemical techniques. The gland is composed of a thin-walled pouch and a duct. Both regions contain sebaceous and apocrine glands, but the development of each component was significantly less marked than those of the skin in the region. In particular, only a small amount of sebaceous and apocrine glandular elements was found in the pouch, although they were more abundant in the duct. Histochemical staining of the sebaceous and apocrine glands showed similar reactions to six lectins except for UEA in the interdigital gland and digital surface skin. UEA reacted with the apocrine part of the interdigital gland, but not with the gland in the digital surface skin. In addition, tubules in the apocrine gland revealed eight different staining patterns with UEA. These stainings possibly represent a cyclic activity of glandular tubules and suggest that the apocrine portion of the interdigital gland has a different function from that of the body skin. PMID- 3254890 TI - Ultrastructure of interneurons within motor nuclei of the thoracic region of the spinal cord of the adult cat. AB - Alpha (greater than 40 microns) and gamma (less than 30 microns) motoneurons in inspiratory motor nuclei of the thoracic spinal cord of the adult cat were labelled retrogradely by the intramuscular injection of HRP. Small (less than 30 microns) unlabelled neurons within 200-300 microns of labelled motoneurons were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively with both the light and electron microscope. Most of these small unlabelled neurons had inconspicuous nucleoli, wrinkled nuclear membranes, low numbers of nuclear pores, and Nissl bodies which were either small or had the form of an amorphous perinuclear band. Such Nissl bodies were composed primarily of aggregates of polyribosomes within which short fragments of granular endoplasmic reticulum were distributed. Alpha and gamma motoneurons in contrast had prominent nucleoli, smooth-contoured nuclei, more nuclear pores and large, discrete Nissl bodies. Such Nissl bodies were composed primarily of several lamellae of granular endoplasmic reticulum with linear arrays of polyribosomes arranged between individual cisternae. Alpha motoneurons had most synaptic terminals on their cell bodies, gamma motoneurons had least and small unlabelled neurons had intermediate values. Synaptic terminals of the S-, F T- and C-type were observed on alpha motoneurons, whereas only S- and F-types were observed on gamma motoneurons and small unlabelled neurons. Since they were unlabelled and differed morphologically from both alpha and gamma motoneurons, but were similar to small interneurons described elsewhere in the spinal cord and brain, it is suggested that the small unlabelled neurons located in the external intercostal and levator costae motor pools are interneurons. The functional significance of some of the morphological features which distinguish interneurons from motoneurons is discussed. PMID- 3254891 TI - A geometric model for estimating villous surface area in rat small bowel is justified by unbiased estimates obtained using vertical sections. AB - Sampling schemes developed for use with a geometric model of rat small bowel are tested against a design-based scheme (vertical sectioning with cycloid test lines) which offers unbiased estimates of surface amplifications due to villi. The model-based methods comprise transverse and longitudinal sectioning coupled with putative correction factors. Comparisons are based on proximal, middle and distal segments of six small bowels. Transverse and longitudinal sections through the same segments of each animal were analysed by conventional intersection counting (using straight test lines). Appropriate intersection ratios were multiplied by their respective correction factors in order to calculate surface amplifications. Longitudinal sections were employed further as vertical sections and intersections were counted with cycloid arcs to obtain unbiased estimates of surface amplifications. Both model-based schemes (transverse and longitudinal) gave group mean values similar to those obtained by vertical sectioning. Therefore, the use of a geometric model in past studies on rat small bowel can now be justified on grounds of negligible bias. PMID- 3254892 TI - Organ culture providing an articulating function for the temporomandibular joint. AB - Cranial bases of 5 days old mice along with the temporomandibular joints and the whole mandibles were maintained in organ culture for one, two or three weeks. A device consisting of an electric motor rotating a bar with three magnets was developed for providing an articulating function for the temporomandibular joints. The tissue samples were attached to the end of a lever arm inside a container and a piece of iron was fixed to the other end of the lever arm to allow it to be lifted magnetically every 45 seconds. This movement pressed the other end of the lever arm downwards, submerging the tissues in the medium. As the anterior end of the mandible was attached to a wire above the tissues with a silk thread while the rest of the tissue sample moved downwards, a rotating movement was produced in the mandibular joint. Control mandibles were cultured without any such movement in the temporomandibular joints. The reactions in the condyles were studied macroscopically after alizarin red injections and microscopically with haematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue, osteoid and von Kossa stains. The condylar processes had increased 0.6 mm in length in functional organ culture, 0.4 mm more than the sham-cultured condyles. Osteoid formation was more marked in the latter and calcification had proceeded closer to the superior surface of the cartilage than in the condyles cultured with articulatory function. The organ culture system developed here obviously resembles the situation in vivo more closely than do previously available organ culture systems and is the first in which it has been possible to provide the function necessary for maintaining growth. The system also seems suitable for culturing organs in which tissue size has previously been a limiting factor. PMID- 3254893 TI - Metopic sutural closure in the human skull. AB - The present study reveals the presence in the sutural area of secondary cartilage, assuring the passive growth of the bones and undergoing an endochondral ossification, but without playing a direct role in the synostosis. The chondroid tissue is responsible for the growth of each frontal bone towards the other and constitutes the first bridge of union between the two bones. It is the most important finding in this study, which provides a description of the closure of the metopic suture and of the maintenance of an open sutural space by a process of active resorption. This new knowledge will help to understand better the whole process of suture closure and its pathology. PMID- 3254894 TI - An ultrastructural study of the mucosal surface of the human inferior concha. I. Normal appearances. AB - A study is presented of normal human nasal mucosa. Tissue was taken from a defined site on the inferior concha to minimise individual variation and was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Three cell types were found at the epithelial surface; ciliated and non-ciliated columnar cells and goblet cells. The distribution of cell types varied greatly between specimens, perhaps owing to environmental factors. All cells bore microvilli which showed minor structural differences between the cell types. Two important features were common to all microvilli. Cytoplasmic filaments were seen running parallel to the long axis of the structure; these may be involved in microvillar motility. Also found was a prominent surface glycocalyx. This may help maintain the volume and viscosity of periciliary fluid; it may also prevent adhesion and tangling of microvilli and cilia. A notable feature of the cilia seen on transmission electron microscopy was the presence of occasional ciliary crowns; these claw-like projections from the cilial tips may be involved in the propulsion of mucus. The goblet cells showed apocrine secretory droplets which were extruded intact into the nasal lumen. This may help to preserve the integrity of the mucous and periciliary fluid layers. We conclude that the mechanism of mucus secretion and transport in the nose may involve several surface structures including ciliary crowns and microvilli. Their function is not yet clear and further study is indicated. PMID- 3254895 TI - The relationship between age, size and shape in the upper thoracic vertebrae of the mouse. AB - The shapes of the first two thoracic vertebrae of F1 mice produced by crossing BALB/c and CBA inbred strains have been examined at 25-60 days by Fourier analysis. The greatest shape change during this period is between 25 and 30 days and is related to the finalisation of the form of the neural arch and spinous process. Between 30 and 60 days there is continued linear shape change not associated with further increase in vertebral area, and probably due to a constant pattern of localised shape changes. Both vertebrae and both sexes behave similarly. PMID- 3254896 TI - Increased vascular permeability in the thymus of the autoimmune New Zealand mouse. AB - The thymus glands of non-autoimmune BDF1 and C3H mice and autoimmune NZB/WF1 mice were studied histologically at intervals ranging from one hour to 60 days after systemic administration of carbon. In NZB/WF1 mice over 9 weeks of age, many circulating carbon-laden macrophages were seen to have penetrated the walls of blood vessels, and to have then entered the thymic parenchyma. Carbon was also taken up by many perivascular macrophages stretched out along blood vessels and by many resident tissue macrophages scattered throughout the thymic parenchyma. In contrast, no carbon was seen at any time in the extravascular tissues of the thymus in BDF1 and C3H mice of comparable age. These results indicate a great increase in the permeability of blood vessels in the thymus of NZB/WF1 mice. This increase in carbon permeability occurs both in the cortex and the medulla, particularly at the corticomedullary junction. There is little increase in the permeability to carbon in NZB/WF1 mice at the age of 4 weeks, suggesting that the increase in vascular permeability begins between the ages of 4 and 9 weeks. The possible role of this greatly increased blood vessel permeability in the thymus on the aetiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune disease is discussed. PMID- 3254897 TI - Does the artery of Adamkiewicz exist in the albino rat? AB - The arterial supply of the spinal cord of the rat in the thoracolumbar region was studied in 26 Wistar albino rats. Contrary to the situation in man, and in variance with earlier reports for the rat, we did not observe a single large artery at the thoracolumbar level supplying a large part of the spinal cord. The anterior spinal artery at this level seemed to be adequately supplied by three to five principal arteries. A considerable variation in the distribution and size of these feeding arteries was observed. It is concluded that the equivalent of the artery of Adamkiewicz is not invariably present in the rat and it would appear that the vascular anatomy of the rat spinal cord is not as similar to that of man as has previously been reported. PMID- 3254899 TI - Effects of L-propionylcarnitine on electrical and mechanical alterations induced by amphiphilic lipids in isolated guinea pig ventricular muscle. AB - We examined the effects of L-propionylcarnitine (Prop. C), a short-chain acylcarnitine, on amphiphile (L-lysophosphatidylcholine or L-palmitoylcarnitine) induced electrophysiological and ultrastructural changes in isolated guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles, under acidic conditions (pH 6.9). Conventional microelectrode, tension-recording, and electron microscope techniques were used. Both amphiphiles, at a concentration of 10(-4) M, significantly decreased the resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, and action potential duration, but increased the developed and resting tension. Such amphiphile induced electrical changes were not observed in muscles pretreated with the beta blocker, atenolol, although the mechanical changes remained unaffected. The application of Prop. C (10(-2) M), in the continued presence of the amphiphiles caused a return of the action potential duration and the developed tension to the control level. However, the resting potential and action potential amplitude remained unaffected; in fact, the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) of the action potential tended to decrease further. Pretreatment with Prop. C prevented all the amphiphile-induced electrophysiological and mechanical changes, except for Vmax. Electron microscopic studies revealed that amphiphile-induced ultrastructural changes were prevented, at least in part, in the presence of Prop. C. Thus, Prop. C antagonizes some of deleterious effects of amphiphiles, such as lysophosphatidylcholine and palmitoylcarnitine, upon the electrical and mechanical activities of the ventricular muscle, under acidic conditions. PMID- 3254898 TI - In vitro studies of isolated supported human hearts. AB - We developed methods to revive human hearts, obtained at the time of cardiac transplantation, and study them in the physiology laboratory. The hearts were arrested with cardioplegic solution at the time of explanation and transported to the laboratory at 4 degrees C. The hearts were perfused with a human blood based solution whose flow rate, temperature, and ionic concentration were controlled. Six hearts with various endstage cardiomyopathies were revived in this manner. Once perfusion was started, the hearts maintained a steady contractile state for approximately 30 min during which time data could be collected. Within this time period we could measure end-systolic and end-diastolic pressure-volume relations, the time courses of contraction and relaxation, and the influence of heart rate and premature stimulation on contractile state. The results suggest that evidence of specific cellular abnormalities in human heart disease might be obtained from measurements of global ventricular performance. Furthermore, the type of abnormality identified, namely sarcoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, in several forms of cardiomyopathy was in concordance with results obtained in muscle bath studies of similarly diseased human and animal myocardium. PMID- 3254900 TI - Functional and metabolic responses of the isolated rat heart to changes in circulating inorganic phosphate concentration. AB - Normoxic isolated rat hearts were perfused for 30 or 60 min with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (KHB) (in which the Pi concentration was adjusted to 0, 1.2, 2.4, or 10 mM) in both the presence and the absence of glucose as exogenous substrate. Functional performance and coronary flow were monitored throughout the perfusion period, and at its conclusion tissue high-energy phosphates (HEP), glycogen, Pi, and calcium were determined. In the presence of glucose, both developed pressure and coronary flow were significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by perfusion with 10 mM Pi, while heart rate and energy status were unchanged. Tissue Pi levels were directly related to perfusate concentrations, with an apparent loss of 34% from hearts perfused with 0 mM Pi and a gain of 27% in hearts perfused with 10 mM Pi (which also caused a highly significant [P less than 0.01] uptake of calcium). HEP (ATP and creatine phosphate [CP]) were decreased after 60 min of perfusion with 0 mM Pi. In the absence of glucose, coronary flow was again significantly reduced by perfusion with 10 mM Pi. HEP were significantly (P less than 0.05) conserved and uptake of Pi and calcium was greater than in the presence of glucose. Equivalent free-Ca2+/normal Pi controls for the 10 mM Pi showed that the observed functional effects were not due to a lowering of perfusate free-Ca2+ by the raised Pi level. The effect on coronary flow appears to involve, primarily, a vasomotor mechanism. PMID- 3254901 TI - Alteration of epicardial lymphatics in lymphostatic canine hearts. AB - This study was conducted in an attempt to establish a method for evaluation of cardiac lymphostasis in autopsy cases and animal experiments. Ten mongrel dogs were operated on to induce cardiac lymphostasis in terms of ligation of coronary lymphatics. From the following day to 6 months after surgery, epicardial lymphatics were visualized to measure the volumes and densities of the lymphatics. The mean volume, measured after 1 week (0.27 +/- 0.09), 2 weeks (0.32 +/- 0.04), and 6 months (0.23 +/- 0.05) continued to be higher than that on the first day (0.16 +/- 0.04) (P less than 0.05). The density, measured after 1 week (2.6 +/- 0.3) and 2 weeks (3.7 +/- 0.7), also showed higher values, than that on the 1st day (1.7 +/- 0.7) (P less than 0.01). However, 6 months later, the measured value (1.9 +/- 0.03) showed no statistical difference compared to that of the 1st day. Observation under a binocular microscope revealed impressions of a progressive increase in both number and thickness of the lymphatics as late as 2 weeks after the induction. However, 6 months later, there was marked dilatation and a relative decrease in the number of lymphatics. PMID- 3254902 TI - Noninvasive measurement of elastic properties in human finger arteries: clinical data comparing blood pressure and funduscopic examination. AB - A portable device equipped with a transmitted infrared photoelectric plethysmograph (TIPP) and compression cuff was designed for indirect estimation of elastic properties of the arteries. Volume elastic modulus (Ev) was noninvasively measured by the device at controlled transmural pressure (Pt) levels in the finger arteries of 116 normal subjects and 50 patients with hypertension. Finger arterial pressure was simultaneously measured by this device using a volume oscillometric technique. There was a nonlinear relation between Ev and Pt, as reported previously by other investigators. Ev increased with Pt showing a minimum at Pt of about 0 mmHg. The Ev values increased with age and were higher in men than in women, when the same age groups were compared. The averages of the normal values were determined from regression equations relating Ev and age with respect to Pt and sex, assuming that there is an exponential relation. The normal range was tentatively determined as +/- 25% of the average Ev. The average Ev values obtained from the hypertensive patients (69 +/- 8 years old, n = 21 for males; and 70 +/- 11 years old, n = 29 for females) were significantly higher than the average normal values when same age groups at Pt = 60 mmHg were compared. Twenty-seven (54%) of the patients showed higher and 10 (20%) lower values than the normal range, while 13 patients (26%) were within the normal range at Pt = 60 mmHg. A significant correlation was not observed between the Ev values and the systolic, mean, and diastolic pressure values in the finger arteries of the hypertensive patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3254903 TI - Surgical management of children and young adults with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, as originally described, includes palpitations, tachycardia, and an abnormal electrocardiogram (short PR interval and wide QRS complex). The clinical manifestations are dependent upon a reentrant tachycardia supported by an accessory connection bridging the atrioventricular junction and frequently appear during the first two decades of life. Palpitations are the usual symptoms; less frequently, severe symptoms, such as syncope and sudden death, may result from very rapid atrioventricular conduction across the accessory connection during atrial fibrillation. We report the surgical management of 30 young patients with this syndrome, including 6 with life threatening tachycardia. Surgical interruption of the accessory connection(s) was curative in 90% (27/30) of the patients; life-threatening symptoms were eliminated in the other three. Based on the limited knowledge of the natural history of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, the individual patient symptoms, and the electrophysiologic properties of each patient's accessory pathway(s), an algorithm is presented outlining the treatment options. This experience strongly suggests that surgical treatment of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is safe, effective, and possibly the preferred treatment for this disorder in selected young symptomatic patients. PMID- 3254904 TI - Accelerated increase in aortic diameter in patients treated for lymphoma. AB - Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, particularly the anthracyclines, are known to be cardiotoxic, but toxic effects on the aorta have not previously been documented. In this study, diameters of ascending and descending thoracic aortae were measured by computerized tomography in 69 patients with lymphoma, before and after first-line treatment with one of 7 different regimes. Minor increases in aortic diameter over the study period due to the aging process were expected. These increases were greater than anticipated in both the ascending and the descending aortae after chemotherapy with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) and CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone) regimes. Smaller changes, or changes which were not statistically significant, were noted after MVPP (mustine, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisolone), ChlVPP (chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisolone), ChlVP (chlorambucil, vincristine and prednisolone), mediastinal radiotherapy, and radiotherapy plus MVPP (MVPP/XRT). Cardiovascular damage associated with certain forms of cytotoxic therapy is not confined to the heart, but also affects the aorta. PMID- 3254906 TI - [Effect of low-power laser irradiation to rat mandibular condylar cartilage during bite raising]. PMID- 3254905 TI - What stops the flow of blood from the heart? AB - The determinants of aortic pressure and flow are generally studied using impedance methods, the results of which indicate that reflected waves are important, particularly during aortic flow deceleration. An alternative analysis of measured aortic pressure and velocity, using the method of characteristics to calculate the energy flux per unit area of the waves, suggests a different conclusion. We suggest that aortic deceleration is caused by a discrete expansion wave propagating from the left ventricle, and that energy thus recovered by the ventricle may be coupled to early filling of the ventricle. PMID- 3254907 TI - [Longitudinal changes in treated case of anterior crossbite]. PMID- 3254908 TI - [A case report of the reversed bite treated early]. PMID- 3254910 TI - [A borderline case treated by non-extraction]. PMID- 3254909 TI - [Treatment of Class II malocclusion with mandibular deficiency. A case report]. PMID- 3254911 TI - [A case of an adult with deep curve of Spee]. PMID- 3254912 TI - [Lyophilized dura as a dressing material in the oral cavity. Technique for covering the alveolar ridge and hard palate together with use of individual stent]. PMID- 3254913 TI - [A case of foreign body at the oral floor]. PMID- 3254914 TI - [Two cases of homotransplantation as implant]. PMID- 3254915 TI - [Bleaching of discolored teeth due to tetracycline]. PMID- 3254916 TI - [Development of zinc oxide eugenol sealer with antimicrobial agent]. PMID- 3254917 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on indirect relining system for denture using microwave curing resin]. PMID- 3254918 TI - [Dentinal remainder estimation based on transmittance of dentin color. A case of upper central incisors]. PMID- 3254920 TI - [Case of anterior cross bite treated with activator and observed for long duration]. PMID- 3254919 TI - [Some problems in optical illusions: from the standpoint of practical positions]. PMID- 3254921 TI - [Plasticity of mechanoreceptive afferents in case of endosseous implants of the dog]. PMID- 3254922 TI - [Experimental study on tissue changes around ceramic implants following plaque accumulation]. PMID- 3254923 TI - [Experimental study on power spectral analysis of the electromyogram of the masticatory muscles]. PMID- 3254925 TI - [The available period of sterile materials. In the case of autoclaved materials packed in the "Mekkin-bag"]. PMID- 3254924 TI - [Effect of fluoride in drinking water on rat alveolar bone resorption caused by experimental periodontitis]. PMID- 3254926 TI - [Influences of denture plaque control on taste perception]. PMID- 3254927 TI - [Effects of crude drugs on the growth of fungi]. PMID- 3254928 TI - [Studies on porosity development in microwave cured denture base resins]. PMID- 3254929 TI - [Dental behavioral science. Part VI. An evaluation of the effectiveness of dental health education at senior high school]. PMID- 3254930 TI - [A case report of microglossia: findings and discussions]. PMID- 3254931 TI - [Neurophysiological characteristics of low-threshold mechanoreceptor units after the inferior alveolar nerve regeneration in the cat]. PMID- 3254932 TI - [Biological properties of the transplantable carcinomas of human salivary glands in nude mice and their cell kinetics following administration of anticancer agents]. PMID- 3254933 TI - [Projection pattern of primary afferents that innervate deciduous tooth pulp in the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex of young dog]. PMID- 3254934 TI - Comparative studies on the DNA of Pythium species and some possibly related taxa. AB - DNA from 14 Pythium species, Verrucalvus flavofaciens and Zoophagus insidians was characterized by CsCl-bisbenzimide density gradients in order to investigate its taxonomic potential. A few incomplete analyses were made for other species. All clearly assignable Pythium species produced three DNA bands in the gradient. Pythium undulatum along with Verrucalvus and Zoophagus produced only two bands. Another possible exception, which needs further investigation, is P. vexans. The DNA had a relatively constant banding pattern in CsCl gradients. The small number (eight) of DNA criteria that were available were subjected to cluster analysis to assess the relationships between replicates and species. This restricted database, similar in size to the number of criteria used in morphological taxonomy, provided an independent assessment of the values that have been attached to generic and subgeneric classifications. This approach enabled assessments to be made of relationships between species that have incomplete life histories and which therefore lack features essential for traditional taxonomic decisions. PMID- 3254935 TI - Comparison of the meta pathway operons on NAH plasmid pWW60-22 and TOL plasmid pWW53-4 and its evolutionary significance. AB - The regulated meta pathway operon for the catabolism of salicylate on the naphthalene plasmid pWW60-22 was cloned into the broad-host-range vector pKT230 on a 17.5 kbp BamHI fragment. The recombinant plasmid conferred the ability to grow on salicylate when mobilized into plasmid-free Pseudomonas putida PaW130. A detailed restriction map of the insert was derived and the locations of some of the genes were determined by subcloning and assaying for their gene products in Escherichia coli and P. putida hosts. The existence of a regulatory gene was demonstrated by the induction of enzyme activities in the presence of salicylate. DNA-DNA hybridization indicated a high degree of structural homology between the pWW60-22 operon and the analogous meta pathway operon on TOL plasmid pWW53-4. The data are consistent with the structural genes being arranged in an identical linear array and suggest an evolutionary link between the two catabolic systems. PMID- 3254936 TI - Utilization and metabolism of NAD by Haemophilus parainfluenzae. AB - The utilization of exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by Haemophilus parainfluenzae was studied in suspensions of whole cells using radiolabelled NAD, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and nicotinamide ribonucleoside (NR). The utilization of these compounds by H. parainfluenzae has the following characteristics. (1) NAD is not taken up intact, but rather is degraded to NMN or NR prior to internalization. (2) Uptake is carrier-mediated and energy-dependent with saturation kinetics. (3) There is specificity for the beta-configuration of the glycopyridine linkage. (4) An intact carboxamide groups is required on the pyridine ring. The intracellular metabolism of NAD was studied in crude cell extracts and in whole cells using carbonyl-14C-labelled NR, NMN, NAD, nicotinamide, and nicotinic acid as substrates in separate experiments. A synthetic pathway from NR through NMN to NAD that requires Mg2+ and ATP was demonstrated. Nicotinamide was found as an end-product of NAD degradation. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide were not found as intermediates. The NAD synthetic pathway in H. parainfluenzae differs from the Preiss-Handler pathway and the pyridine nucleotide cycles described in other bacteria. PMID- 3254937 TI - DNA base composition and homology values in the classification of some Rhodococcus species. AB - Similar DNA homology values were recorded when a modified S1 nuclease technique and a standard nitrocellulose membrane filter method were applied to representative strains of Rhodococcus. The DNA homology data showed that R. globerulus, R. luteus and R. sputi form distinct genomic species. The congruence between the DNA homology and earlier numerical phenetic data was good, but there was evidence that some strains had been misclassified in the previous studies. In particular, the type strains of R. obuensis and R. sputi belong to a single genomic species. The former name is thus a later, subjective synonym of the latter. The guanine plus cytosine content of the DNA of the rhodococci fell within the range 61 to 72 mol%. PMID- 3254939 TI - Enzyme activities in oleaginous yeasts accumulating and utilizing exogenous or endogenous lipids. AB - The activities of ATP: citrate lyase (ACL; EC 4. 1. 3. 8), carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT; EC 2. 3. 1. 7), NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH; EC 1. 1. 1. 42), isocitrate lyase (ICL; EC 4. 1. 3. 1) and malic enzyme (malate dehydrogenase; EC 1. 1. 1. 40) were measured in four oleaginous yeasts, Candida curvata D, Trichosporon cutaneum and two strains of Rhodosporidium toruloides, grown either to accumulate lipid, or to utilize their own lipid reserves or an exogenous supply of lipid. During lipid utilization, activities of ACL and malic enzyme diminished to low levels; CAT and ICL increased considerably in activity and ICDH activity was slightly increased but catalase (EC 1. 11. 1. 6) diminished in activity in both strains of R. toruloides. In all cases, yeasts utilizing exogenous lipid showed greater changes in enzyme activities than cells utilizing their endogenous reserves. Electron micrographs of Candida curvata D showed proliferation of peroxisomes in starved cells utilizing their own lipid reserve though peroxisomes were more in evidence when the yeast had been grown on exogenous lipid. In Lipomyces starkeyi, which shows only minimal utilization of its stored lipid and furthermore cannot grow on exogenous lipid, only the occasional peroxisome was seen when cells were starved of carbon. PMID- 3254938 TI - Taxonomic relationships of Cryptococcus and Tremella based on fatty acid composition and other phenotypic characters. AB - The cellular long-chain fatty acids present in 33 strains, representing 15 species of Cryptococcus, and 4 species of Tremella, were determined by gas chromatography. According to the relative amounts of fatty acid methyl esters, the Cryptococcus species studied were divided into four main groups. Possible relationships between species representing the two genera are presented in a new model, where cellular long-chain fatty acid compositions and other phenotypic characteristics are included. PMID- 3254940 TI - Occurrence, transfer and mobilization in epilithic strains of Acinetobacter of mercury-resistance plasmids capable of transformation. AB - A 7.8 kb plasmid (pQM17) encoding mercury resistance was isolated from two epilithic strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The plasmid had a broad host range when mobilized by RP1, transferring into Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. putida, P. fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Chromobacterium sp. with frequencies ranging from 5.3 x 10(-9) to 4.6 x 10(-4) per recipient. The plasmid could be transferred into A. calcoaceticus BD413 using intact cells of donor and recipient bacteria (i.e. natural transformation) and there was a broad temperature optimum (14-37 degrees C) for transformation. Transformation was as efficient in liquid matings as on plates but there was no effect of pH in the range 5.6-7.9. Maximum transformation frequencies were obtained after 24 h on agar plates containing 3.5-10 g C 1-1 with donor to recipient ratios ranging from 6 to 415. PMID- 3254941 TI - Inhibition of DNA repair by neighbouring mismatched bases in Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - A set of pneumococcal strains containing immediately adjacent or nearby double mutations at the amiA locus, conferring resistance to amethopterin, has been isolated by oligonucleotide site-specific mutagenesis. Repair of these double mutations has been measured by transformation of wild-type strains with DNA extracted from these strains. In several transformations we have observed an inhibition of repair by neighbouring mismatches. This inhibition ranges from mild to severe depending upon the interfering mismatch. Unrepaired mismatches can strongly inhibit repair of an adjacent repairable mutation. This suggests that the repair-complex proteins attach not only to repairable mismatches but also to some mismatches known to escape the repair system. PMID- 3254942 TI - Growth of yeast colonies on solid media. AB - Colonies on nutrient agar of the aerobic yeast Candida utilis show linear increases in diameter and height with time throughout most of the growth cycle. The concentration of glucose in the agar has a negligible effect on radial growth rate although an increase in the glucose concentration prolongs the linear radial growth phase. The rate of increase in height of the colony is proportional to the square root of the initial glucose concentration. A new model that considers both glucose diffusion and oxygen diffusion in the colony is consistent with the observed colony profiles. PMID- 3254943 TI - Influence of Tween 80 on the mycolic acid composition of three cutaneous corynebacteria. AB - Changes in the mycolic acid composition of three cutaneous strains of corynebacteria were caused by the addition of Tween 80 to the culture medium. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the carbon chain length and the degree of unsaturation had been affected: the levels of corynomycolic acid with 36 carbon atoms and two double bonds increased significantly. PMID- 3254944 TI - Comparative toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal proteins in vivo and in vitro. AB - Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal proteins were purified by FPLC on a Mono Q column to yield 130, 65, 28, 53, 30-35 and 25 kDa proteins. All the purified proteins killed Aedes aegypti larvae after citrate precipitation, but the 65 kDa protein was the most toxic. A precipitated mixture of 27 and 130 kDa proteins was almost as toxic as solubilized crystals. In assays against a range of insect cell lines, the activated form (25 kDa) of the 27 kDa protein was generally cytotoxic with the lowest LC50 values in vitro. By contrast, the activated forms of the 130 kDa and 65 kDa protoxins (53 kDa and 30-35 kDa proteins, respectively) were much more specific than the 25 kDa protein in their action on dipteran cells, and each showed a unique toxicity profile which, in the case of the 130 kDa preparation, was restricted to Anopheles and Culex cell lines. PMID- 3254945 TI - AIDS seminars announced. PMID- 3254946 TI - New therapy for HIV-periodontitis. PMID- 3254947 TI - The ADHA--National Institute of Dental Research partnership for progress. PMID- 3254948 TI - Today's dentistry: based on prevention, driven by research. PMID- 3254949 TI - Oral hygiene skill evaluation by students using task component analysis. PMID- 3254950 TI - The Bachelor's Degree as the entry-level credential for dental hygiene practice. PMID- 3254951 TI - Subgingival irrigation with Chloramine-T. PMID- 3254952 TI - [Structural changes of dental lamina and alveolar ridge epithelium of rat during molar eruption]. PMID- 3254953 TI - [Chondrocyte cytodifferentiation and calcification in a growth cartilage cell system]. PMID- 3254954 TI - [Mandibular apical base form and arrangement of the teeth: mathematical modeling and canonical correlations]. PMID- 3254955 TI - [A clinical study on the deviation of the mandible in maximal jaw-opening and closing movements]. PMID- 3254956 TI - [The influence of occlusal contact points on the bite plane on electromyographic masticatory muscle activity in tapping movement]. PMID- 3254957 TI - [A clinical study of the functional significance of occlusion on chewing movements]. PMID- 3254958 TI - [Ultrastructural changes of the palate epithelial surface during pre- and post natal stages in the mouse]. PMID- 3254959 TI - [Localization of neurons of origin of the internal branch of the rabbit accessory nerve in the nucleus ambiguous and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus]. PMID- 3254960 TI - [Reliability of tomographic imaging of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3254961 TI - [Purification and some properties of exohemagglutinin from the culture medium of Bacteroides gingivalis 381]. PMID- 3254962 TI - [Endotoxic and associated biological activities of acylated glucosamine monophosphate derivatives]. PMID- 3254964 TI - [Morphometric studies on mandibular condylar cartilage, growth plates of tibia and rib, and articular cartilage of femur of growing rats. 1. The distribution pattern of diameter of cells, the length of the cartilage, the diameter and the numerical density of hypertrophic cells, and the volume density of hypertrophic zone]. PMID- 3254963 TI - [Clinico-statistical analysis of the new patients at the First Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Dental Hospital]. PMID- 3254965 TI - [Morphometric studies on mandibular condylar cartilage, growth plates of tibia and rib, and articular cartilage of femur of growing rats. 2. The zonation of the cartilage]. PMID- 3254966 TI - [Speech evaluation following two-stage palatal closure]. PMID- 3254967 TI - [Evaluation of hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation in inflamed gingiva by tissue reflectance spectrophotometry]. PMID- 3254968 TI - [The simultaneous mobilization of jaw bones by Le Fort I and sagittal splitting osteotomy for the correction of the facial asymmetry]. PMID- 3254969 TI - [Glycosaminoglycans produced by subclones of human salivary adenocarcinoma cell line]. PMID- 3254970 TI - [Comparison of solubility between cell membranes of Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus (lysodeikticus) with various detergents]. PMID- 3254971 TI - Frequency of PTC non tasters in dental patients. PMID- 3254972 TI - [A case of sectional facial prosthesis]. PMID- 3254973 TI - [Analytical study on the cases of allergy to local anesthetics]. PMID- 3254974 TI - [Report of a case with multiple premature beats during general anesthesia]. PMID- 3254975 TI - Conditioned suppression of motility: possibility for evaluation of learning and memory in mice. AB - Mice showed a marked suppression of motility when placed in the same environment where they had been given electric shocks (ES) 24 h before. This conditioned suppression of motility (CS) was attenuated by the administration of cycloheximide (CXM, 25-150 mg/kg) immediately after ES treatment in a dose dependent manner. CXM (50 mg/kg) administered 1 h after ES failed to attenuate the CS. These effects seem to be caused by retrograde amnesia. Furthermore, the amnesic action of CXM was antagonized by naloxone (10 mg/kg), which did not affect CS. Physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg), propranolol (1 mg/kg) and cyproheptadine (2 mg/kg) did not antagonize CXM-induced amnesia significantly. In the same way, the amnesia-inducing actions of phencyclidine and scopolamine were detected. The CS method seems to be useful to examine learning and memory performances in animals and has the advantage that evaluation is extremely easy. PMID- 3254976 TI - Effects of cimetidine on lidocaine distribution in rats. AB - The effects of cimetidine on the disappearance from plasma, plasma protein binding, tissue distribution, tissue binding in vitro and uptake by erythrocytes of lidocaine were studied in rats. The plasma disappearance of lidocaine after a 10 mg/kg bolus injection was analyzed by a two-compartment open model. In the cimetidine-treated rats (50 mg/kg bolus injection, the plasma total body clearance (Cltot), the volume of distribution at the steady state (Vdss) and the elimination rate constant of the central compartment (kel) of lidocaine decreased by 27, 28 and 32% of those of the non-treated rats, respectively. The plasma concentration of lidocaine at the steady state, after a loading dose (7.62 mg/kg body weight) followed by an infusion (0.16 mg/min/kg), increased from 1.62 to 2.69 micrograms/ml after cimetidine treatment. The tissue-to-plasma concentration ratio (Kp) in spleen, stomach and skin decreased to 64, 62 and 62% of the values of the non-treated rats. In addition, the blood-to-plasma concentration ratio (Rb) decreased by 26% in cimetidine-treated rats. In vitro tissue-to-plasma concentration ratios (Kp, vitro) of lidocaine in spleen, stomach and skin homogenate were decreased to 58, 45 and 68% by cimetidine treatment. In these tissues, the percentage decreases of Kp, vitro agreed with those of Kp determined in vivo. The decrease of Kp by cimetidine treatment may be due to the inhibition of tissue binding of lidocaine. The uptake of lidocaine by erythrocytes was decreased by cimetidine treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3254977 TI - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of piretanide in rabbits. IV. Effect of piretanide on the proximal tubules and the loop of Henle under a hydrated condition. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of piretanide on the renal transport of water and osmotic substances, a clearance study was carried out in well hydrated rabbits. After intravenous bolus administration of piretanide, glomerular filtration rate, proximal tubular clearance and urine flow rate, as well as the pharmacokinetics of piretanide, were determined. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic link model which was developed in the previous paper was applied to the present experimental results. The results indicated that the effect of piretanide on the renal transport of water and osmotic substances in the hydrated rabbits was reasonably described by the model. The model analysis suggested that the diuretic response to piretanide was attributable to the inhibition of reabsorption of electrolytes in the proximal tubule, as well as in the loop of Henle. PMID- 3254978 TI - Inter-organ relation between salivary gland and kidney in lithium excretion. I. Effects of continuous stimulation of salivation on salivary, renal and systemic clearances of lithium in dog. AB - The effects of continuous stimulation of salivation on salivary, renal and systemic clearances of lithium were investigated following bolus intravenous administration of lithium chloride (0.145 meq/kg) in three beagle dogs. The salivation was frequently stimulated with citric acid solution, then parotid saliva and mandibular-sublingual saliva were collected separately by means of permanent fistulae. Although the continuous stimulation of salivation markedly increased the salivary clearance of lithium, no significant change was observed in plasma concentrations or systemic clearance of lithium. This was because the decrement in the renal clearance of lithium canceled out the effect of increased salivary clearance. It is suggested that the reabsorption of lithium in the renal tubule was enhanced under the continuous stimulation of salivation, and this seemed to be caused by loss of water or sodium through the salivary glands. PMID- 3254979 TI - Effects of antimycotics on hepatic steroid metabolism. AB - When male ddY mice were treated with consecutive doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg of miconazole (MCZ) or ketoconazole (KCZ), imidazole-containing antimycotics, once a day for 3 d, a dose-dependent shortening of pentobarbital sleeping time was observed for MCZ, while no change in the sleeping time was observed for KCZ. Even at a low dose (10 mg/kg), MCZ significantly increased cytochrome P-450 content and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate cytochrome c reductase activity. Simultaneously, hydroxylase activities of testosterone as a model of endogenous steroids, and aminopyrine N-demethylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylase activities were increased, while KCZ lacked inducing properties even at a high dose (100 mg/kg). The change in hepatic oxidative metabolism of cortisol (F) in a patient before, during and after treatment with progressively increasing doses of 2-10 mg/kg/d of MCZ for 14 d was examined by monitoring urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol (6 beta-OHF), an oxidative metabolite of F. The ratio of 6 beta-OHF to F in 24-h urine decreased by 15% from the original level on day 1, and then it began to increase on day 7 to reach 2.4 times the original level on day 14. These results suggest that MCZ, but not KCZ, has inducing activity for hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidative metabolism of steroids and xenobiotics, in addition to its known inhibitory activity. PMID- 3254980 TI - Application of propranolol to the keratinized oral mucosa: avoidance of first pass elimination and the use of 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone) as an absorption enhancer of bioadhesive film-dosage form. AB - The bioavailability of propranolol applied to the oral mucosa was examined in the hamster. The capacity of hamster cheek pouch, used as a model of keratinized oral mucosa, to metabolize propranolol in vitro is enormously lower than that of the liver. Significant amounts of propranolol absorbed from the small intestine were metabolized to naphthoxylactic acid and 4-hydroxypropranolol (4HP) during the passage through the intestinal wall, and then the greater portion of unchanged propranolol and almost all 4HP were subsequently metabolized by hepatic first pass elimination in vivo. The systemic bioavailabilities of propranolol after the intra-small-intestinal loop and the intra-cheek-pouch administrations were 8.4% and 88.5%, respectively. The bioavailability of propranolol was improved further (to 97.1%) by a 1-h pretreatment of the cheek pouch with 5% 1 dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone)-emulsion. Bioadhesive film-dosage forms of propranolol were prepared with hydroxypropylcellulose. Both the in vitro permeation and the in vivo absorption of propranolol across the cheek pouch were enhanced by the incorporation of Azone to the film-dosage form. PMID- 3254981 TI - Identification of cannabielsoin, a new metabolite of cannabidiol formed by guinea pig hepatic microsomal enzymes, and its pharmacological activity in mice. AB - Metabolism of cannabidiol (CBD), one of the major components of marihuana, was studied in the guinea pig both in vitro and in vivo. Analyses of metabolites by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry proved that cannabielsoin (CBE) was formed from CBD as a novel metabolite, and that the amount was about one-sixth of 7-hydroxy-CBD, which was the most abundant metabolite under in vitro conditions in the presence of microsomal monooxygenase (cytochrome P-450). CBE was also found in the liver of the guinea pig that was given CBD (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 1 h before sacrifice. The effects of CBE on pentobarbital-induced sleep and body temperature were assessed in the mouse; CBE possessed little activity in either case. PMID- 3254982 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefpiramide in rats with obstructive jaundice. AB - Changes in the mode of drug excretion in obstructive jaundice (OJ) were investigated in rats with experimentally induced OJ using a non-metabolized, highly-biliary-excreted antibiotic, cefpiramide (CPM). In OJ rats, biliary excretion of the drug was markedly diminished, while the urinary excretion was increased. The change in the mode of CPM excretion was examined in detail. It seems that the biliary excretion of CPM was decreased owing to the diminished biliary clearance in OJ rats. On the other hand, CPM binding to plasma proteins was decreased in the disease state. This change in the protein binding would be due to both the decreased albumin concentration and the accumulation of binding inhibitors in the plasma of diseased rats, and the decreased protein binding would be related not only to the increase in the volume of distribution but also to the increase in the renal clearance. PMID- 3254983 TI - Orgasm: a new classification. PMID- 3254984 TI - Post-operative analgesia after epidural administration of mixture of buprenorphine and lignocaine. PMID- 3254986 TI - Exercise induced delayed menarche and amenorrhoea. PMID- 3254985 TI - Post-operative analgesia after subarachnoid administration of mixture of buprenorphine and lignocaine. PMID- 3254987 TI - Immunoglobulins in serum and bronchial secretions in normal Indian adults--a preliminary study. PMID- 3254988 TI - Hepatitis 'B' surface antigen (HBsAg) in hospital staff. PMID- 3254989 TI - Chronic bronchitis. II--Study of serum immunoglobulins in acute exacerbations. PMID- 3254990 TI - A comparative study of diuretic effects of Tinospora cordifolia and hydrochlorothiazide in rats and a preliminary phase I study in human volunteers. PMID- 3254991 TI - One plane external fixation for management of complicated fractures of tibia. PMID- 3254992 TI - Intestinal obstruction due to phytobezor (a case report). PMID- 3254993 TI - Idiopathic colo-colic intussusception (a case report). PMID- 3254994 TI - Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma (a case report). PMID- 3254995 TI - Cervico-medullary compression secondary to ochronotic arthritis affecting cranio vertebral joints syndesmo-dental ochronotic arthritis. PMID- 3254997 TI - Rating scales for vocational training in general practice 1988. Centre for Primary Care Research, Department of General Practice, University of Manchester. PMID- 3254996 TI - Spontaneous evolution--a new mechanism (a case report). PMID- 3254998 TI - A fully automated, 'thimble-size' scanning tunnelling microscope. AB - A novel, fully automated high-stability, high-eigenfrequency scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) has been developed. Its key design feature is the application of two piezoelectric ceramic tubes, one for the x-y-z motion of the tip and one for a linear motor ('nano-worm') used for the coarse positioning of the tip relative to the specimen. By means of the nano-worm, the tip can be advanced in steps between 16 and 0.2 nm. The walking distance is greater than 2 mm, with a maximum speed of 2000 steps/s. The nano-worm positioning implies that this STM is fully controlled by electronic means, and that no mechanical coupling is needed, which makes operation of the STM extremely convenient. The axial-symmetry construction is rigid, small and temperature-compensated, yielding reduced sensitivity to mechanical and acoustic vibrations and temperature variations. The sample is simply placed on a piece of invar which surrounds the scanner tube and the nano worm and is held by gravity alone. This allows for easy sample mounting. The performance of the microscope has been tested in air by imaging a variety of surfaces, including graphite and biological samples. PMID- 3254999 TI - Scanning tunnelling microscopy of biomacromolecules. AB - When imaging biomacromolecules with a STM, coating of specimens with a conductive layer is a convenient preparation method which provides a good rate of success. Utilizing evaporated platinum/carbon as a coating film we have investigated two biomacromolecules of very different appearance. The first of these is the HPI layer, a natural two-dimensional protein crystal with a period of 18 nm, which is found on the surface of the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. The second specimen is type IV collagen which forms long triple-helical strands approx. 1.5 nm in diameter. The resulting STM pictures compare very well with electron microscopical images. PMID- 3255000 TI - Scanning probe microscopy of biological samples and other surfaces. AB - Scanning probe microscopes derived from the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) offer new ways to examine surfaces of biological samples and technologically important materials. The surfaces of conductive and semiconductive samples can readily be imaged with the STM. Unfortunately, most surfaces are not conductive. Three alternative approaches were used in our laboratory to image such surfaces. 1. Crystals of an amino acid were imaged with the atomic force microscope (AFM) to molecular resolution with a force of order 10(-8) N. However, it appears that for most biological systems to be imaged, the atomic force microscope should be able to operate at forces at least one and perhaps several orders of magnitude smaller. The substitution of optical detection of the cantilever bending for the measurement by electron tunnelling improved the reliability of the instrument considerably. 2. Conductive replicas of non-conductive surfaces enabled the imaging of biological surfaces with an STM with a lateral resolution comparable to that of the transmission electron microscope. Unlike the transmission electron microscope, the STM also measures the heights of the features. 3. The scanning ion conductance microscope scans a micropipette with an opening diameter of 0.04 0.1 micron at constant ionic conductance over a surface covered with a conducting solution (e.g., the surface of plant leaves in saline solution). PMID- 3255001 TI - Scanning tunnelling microscopic images of amino acids. AB - We present images of amino acids adsorbed on highly orientated pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) obtained with the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) in air. Individual molecules can be observed although the majority of adsorbates appear to form clusters. In the case of leucine, methionine, and tryptophan, two molecules often associate together to form a dimer. Single or dimer glycine molecules were not seen, but a cluster of a number of them was observed. The various adsorbed states may be related to the different interactions between the amino acids and the graphite surface. The mechanism of image formation of the amino acids is probably related to charge transfer mechanisms. PMID- 3255002 TI - Atomic force microscopy of purple membranes. AB - The surface structure of purple membranes was imaged using an atomic force probe mounted in a scanning tunnelling microscope. One of the two different membrane surfaces showed protruding, disc-shaped features forming an hexagonal lattice with about 6 nm centre to centre spacing. These are identified as the cytoplasmic surfaces of trimers of bacteriorhodopsin molecules and are correlated with the structural information on bacteriorhodopsin obtained from numerous earlier electron microscope and diffraction studies. PMID- 3255003 TI - Influence of the hypercycle on the error threshold: a stochastic approach. AB - The role of fluctuations on the error threshold of the hypercycle has been studied by a stochastic approach on a very simplified model. For this model, the master equation was derived and its unique steady state calculated. This state implies the extinction of the system. But the actual time necessary to reach the steady state may be astronomically long whereas for times of experimental interest the system could be near some quasi-stationary states. In order to explore this possibility a Gillespie simulation of the stochastic process has been carried out. These quasi-stationary states correspond to the deterministic steady states of the system. The error threshold shifts towards higher values of the quality factor Q. Moreover, information about the fluctuations around the quasi-stationary states is obtained. The results are discussed in relation to the deterministic states. PMID- 3255004 TI - Adsorption of an ionic homopolypeptide to a flat surface induced by pH change. AB - This paper presents a model for pH-dependent adsorption of an ionic homopolypeptide with secondary structure on a flat surface. This model is developed by generalization of a discrete model of semistiff chain with short range interaction, between homopolypeptide chain and surface. The presence of intramolecular repulsive interaction as well as secondary structure is introduced here by modified Zimm-Bragg stabilization parameters. The model predicts that in the case of low degree of ionization, the adsorption behaviour of an ionic and non-ionic homopolypeptide are qualitatively similar (i.e. both show a second order phase-transition, characteristic of this phenomenon). We also illustrate the prediction of the model about the critical absorption energy in the case of selective interaction, and show that a discontinuity in the melting-temperature behaviour appears when the pH is tuned to a critical pH value (pHc). PMID- 3255005 TI - Control analysis of biochemical pathways: a novel procedure for calculating control coefficients, and an additional theorem for branched pathways. AB - A novel method for calculating control coefficients of individual enzymes on fluxes and concentrations in metabolic pathways is presented. This method is derived by applying the theorem on implicit functions to the equations defining the steady state metabolite concentrations; it allows verification of the existing summation theorems and connectivity relations, and leads to a novel theorem for flux control coefficients in branched pathways. The method and the novel theorem are illustrated by several examples. PMID- 3255006 TI - Partition of autolysins between the medium, the internal part of the wall, and the surface of the wall of gram-positive rods. AB - Autolysins are exoenzymes formed by bacteria to aid in wall expansion and in cell division. For the Gram-positive rod, these enzymes function predominately on the periphery of the wall. As they destroy their substrate they rebind to peptidoglycan when the cell density is high. Only then is the concentration of autolysins high enough on the external surface to favor cell division and prevent the formation of chains of cells (filaments). It is suggesting that circumstance is important for the kinetics of turnover of the wall and the splitting of the septum. PMID- 3255007 TI - A new quantitative model of total endolymph flow in the system of semicircular ducts. AB - 1. A new concept of endolymph flow in the vertebrate vestibular system is presented. This approach describes quantitatively the flow in the entire system of three semicircular ducts interconnected by the utriculus and the crus commune. This approach is quite distinct from the classical theory in which the labyrinth is generally conceived to consist of three separate duct circuits. 2. The present approach shows the following set of distinct differences to the classical view: (a) In a labyrinth composed of three ducts perpendicular to each other the flow is non-zero in the other ducts when the labyrinth is rotated in the plane of a particular duct. (b) In a labyrinth with two equal ducts and with the duct planes under approximately 73 degrees the flow in one duct is zero when the rotation takes place in the plane of the other duct. Previous measurements of duct angles reflect this value surprisingly well. An obtuse or sharp angle between duct planes can lead to better performance of a particular labyrinth because the "external impulses" in the different ducts may amplify or compensate each other. (c) The behaviour of the flow in the entire labyrinth is a non-linear function of direction or rotation (cf. points (d), (e]. (d) Six time constants for the entire labyrinth can be distinguished (three long, three short); the flow in a particular duct is composed of six terms with these time constants. The composition of this flow and thus the relative importance of the terms depends on the positioning of the labyrinth with respect to the rotation vector. (e) The time constants also depend, for different labyrinths, on a shared influence of the dimensions of the ducts and the elastic properties of all three cupulae. (f) The forces in a particular duct depend also on the amount of motion the fluid will acquire in the other ducts. (g) The sensitivity of a particular duct depends also on the dimensions of the other parts in the vestibular system. 3. Equations for a system consisting of two ducts and for the classical single duct system are also given. Both systems are special cases of the three-duct system. The single duct equations are equivalent with equations given by Oman (1980) and Oman et al. (1987) which include the contribution of a wide utriculus. 4. The present theory of endolymph flow is mainly supported by the outcome of previously performed experiments concerning time constants and rotation of human subjects in different planes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3255008 TI - A mathematical approach enabling the calculation of the total endolymph flow in the semicircular ducts. AB - 1. A mathematical treatment of the flow inside the vertebrate labyrinth is given. The main difference to former theories (e.g. the "torsion pendulum" theory) is that the entire system formed by the three semicircular ducts, interconnected by the crus commune and the utriculus, is considered, instead of a single duct circuit. 2. The theory consists of a geometrical description of a labyrinth rotating in space, the solution of the continuity equation, determination of the initial velocities in all the ducts in a "cupulometry" experiment and derivation of the equation of motion (e.o.m.). 3. Equations for a system consisting of two ducts and for the classical single-duct system are special cases of the three duct system. 4. Three different methods for the solution of the e.o.m. are described: an analytical one, a Runge-Kutta simulation and an "asymptotic" method. The last method includes approximations of the solution of the e.o.m. on a long and a short time scale. Its advantage is that it gives an insight based on rather manageable formulae. 5. The physiological basis of the presented theory, biological applications and verification are given in a separate paper (Muller & Verhagen, 1988). PMID- 3255009 TI - The combined effects of mixtures of ionizing radiations. AB - Ionizing radiation is a special group of toxic agents whose general interaction can be calculated. This was demonstrated using a radiation interaction model previously published. In this paper, this model is refined and mathematically reformulated using a unified set of assumptions. It postulates the existence of a common intermediate lesion and the relative action of lesions before, at and after this common stage. General quantitative dose-effect relationships of mixed radiations can be derived from the dose-effect relationships of the components in the mixture. PMID- 3255010 TI - Epigenetic selection: an alternative mechanism of pattern formation. AB - It is commonly assumed that patterned development is specified by pre-patterns or programs, actual development being a necessary consequence of previous conditions. However, the variability of normal development and its regenerative capacities are evidence for additional patterning processes. Predictable mature structures could result from continued "epigenetic selection" of the most appropriate developmental events. This selection would occur from an excess of possibilities that are genetically equivalent. The final balanced state would be specified by the genes, and the developmental system could gravitate towards this state without a detailed program. Selection could result from competition between cells and tissues for limiting developmental signals. The success or continuation of events that could start randomly would depend on feedback relationships with complementary developmental events. Specialized processes could be gradually localized if differentiation itself consumed limiting signals and if this consumption increased as differentiation proceeded. Spatial patterns could be formed if the movement of signals was gradually facilitated along the axes where it were initiated by diffusion. For example, induced facilitated transport could be the basis of an advantage of multicellular centers over scattered cells that have specialized in the same way. If epigenetic selection has a developmental role it requires a revision of common views concerning the cellular traits and the gene functions necessary for patterned development. An example of these traits is that cells should be expected to respond to changes in signal availability, not necessarily to signal concentration at any given time. PMID- 3255011 TI - A hypercyclic illusion. PMID- 3255012 TI - Crossover site determination and interference. PMID- 3255013 TI - Determination of the diffusive and hydraulic permeabilities of capillary hollow fibre membranes: theoretical mathematical models. PMID- 3255014 TI - Impact response of periodontal tissues. PMID- 3255015 TI - Hydrodynamic model of the urinary bladder derived from stepwise cystometry in the rat. PMID- 3255016 TI - Stability of the original Hoffman and AO tubular external fixation devices. PMID- 3255017 TI - Museum application of an eye tracker. PMID- 3255018 TI - Techniques for the analysis of long-term cardiorespiratory recordings from infants. PMID- 3255019 TI - Automated venous occlusion plethysmograph. PMID- 3255020 TI - Potential distribution in the thorax in relation to electrical field plethysmography. PMID- 3255021 TI - Can NPH be caused by cerebral small vessel disease? A new look based on a mathematical model. PMID- 3255022 TI - Dielectric properties of fluid-saturated bone: a comparison between diaphysis and epiphysis. PMID- 3255023 TI - Development of a wireless stethoscope for auscultatory monitoring during anaesthesia. PMID- 3255024 TI - Procedure to automatically classify markers in biomechanical analysis of whole body movement in different sports activities. PMID- 3255025 TI - Computerised analysis of urological parameters. PMID- 3255026 TI - Digital filter for eye-movement signals. PMID- 3255027 TI - [Special report: studies to determine the possible antitumoral properties of Cobra venom and crotoxin complex A and B]. PMID- 3255028 TI - Normalization of serum sex hormone-binding globulin by L-thyroxine in obese women. PMID- 3255030 TI - Selective experimental transvenous catheter ablation of the right bundle branch. PMID- 3255029 TI - [Experimental diaphragmatic muscle fatigue caused by elastic charge. Effect of aminophylline]. PMID- 3255031 TI - [Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris with plasmapheresis]. PMID- 3255033 TI - [Dyspepsia]. PMID- 3255032 TI - [Malabsorption syndrome, fever and chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3255034 TI - [Viral myocarditis]. PMID- 3255035 TI - [Mechanisms of muscular respiratory failure secondary to fatigue load]. PMID- 3255037 TI - [Still's disease in adults]. PMID- 3255036 TI - [Prolactin adenomas in women under 20 years of age: apropos of 11 cases]. PMID- 3255038 TI - [Cytogenetic studies in tumors of the nervous system]. PMID- 3255039 TI - [Effects of cod liver oil as a source of n-3 fatty acids on lipoproteins and blood viscosity in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 3255040 TI - [Glutathione reductase inhibition by nifurtimox and other 5-nitrofuran derivatives]. PMID- 3255042 TI - [Decision making, its logic and the analysis of decisions]. PMID- 3255041 TI - [Neurologic involvement in patients with AIDS: apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 3255043 TI - [Bayes theorem and clinical criteria]. PMID- 3255044 TI - [Genes and intelligence]. PMID- 3255045 TI - [A thesis on the dilemma of admission to a school of medicine]. PMID- 3255046 TI - [Infection by HIV-1 and serologic control at blood banks]. PMID- 3255047 TI - [Report on sexually transmitted diseases]. PMID- 3255048 TI - Effects of serum, cycloheximide and actinomycin D on protein secretion by quiescent mouse embryo fibroblasts. AB - Quiescent secondary cultures of Swiss mouse embryo fibroblasts secrete several proteins in response to the addition of 20% fetal calf serum (FCS). Of these proteins, a polypeptide of molecular weight (Mr) 48,000 (48 K) was identified in the medium within an hour of mitogenic stimuli. In the next hour an additional protein of Mr26,000 (26 K) appeared in the medium. These two proteins were absent in the conditioned medium of quiescent cells. A third protein of molecular weight 45,000 (45 K) was found in small quantities in the conditioned medium of quiescent cells but a 2-3 fold increase in the level of this protein was observed in the medium of stimulated cells. The level of the serum-induced 45 K protein was much higher in the medium of cells that were treated with cycloheximide (CH) and FCS than that found in the medium of cells treated with FCS alone. A 40,000 dalton protein was found to be a quiescence specific protein which was observed in large amounts in the medium of quiescent cells; the level of this protein gradually declined in the conditioned medium as the cells entered into the proliferative phase. Actinomycin D specifically inhibited the level of the 45 K secreted protein and a 29 K intracellular protein when added along with CH. In contrast to the inhibition of the synthesis of mitogen induced proteins, actinomycin D super-induced the intracellular and extracellular levels of the matrix proteins fibronectin and procollagens. PMID- 3255049 TI - Endogenous degradation of rat liver chromatin studied by agar gel electrophoresis of nuclei. AB - Direct agar gel electrophoresis of incubated rat liver nuclei revealed that most of the chromatin is rapidly converted to stable, large fragments, showing identical electrophoretic mobility. Short and long term incubation gave the same results. The analysis of deproteinized DNA under nondenaturing as well as denaturing conditions showed, however, a correlation between the DNA size pattern and the time of incubation. Our data on the persistance of large and uniform in size chromatin fragments despite the presence of cleaved DNA in them may indicate naturally footprinted regions of chromatin, implying most probably some strong ordered interactions of chromatin constituents. It seems that some substantial unknown features of higher order structure of chromatin are preserved in rat liver nuclei isolated and digested under the experimental conditions used. PMID- 3255050 TI - Identification of minor tightly bound H1 histone subfractions which fail to cleave their initiator methionine. AB - Groups of CBA mice were administered [35S] methionine (1 mCi/mouse). Non-histone proteins, H1 and H1(0) histones and nucleosomal core histones were isolated from different issues by selective extractions. The measurements of radioactivity of individual bands and autoradiography of dry gels were used to identify methionine containing and methionine-free histone variants. H1A and H1B histone variants extracted with 5% perchloric acid were methionine-free. However, minor sub fractions of these histones which are more tightly bound to DNA (and which can be extracted only with 0.25 N HCl) contained [35S] methionine and did show a higher specific activity than methionine-containing nucleosomal hitones. Cyanogen Bromide reaction which destroys non-histone proteins and methionine-containing nucleosomal histones removes radioactivity but does not alter the position of methionine-containing H1 minor bands. This indicates that the radioactive methionine occupies only the N-terminus of the H1 molecules. It is suggested that this methionine is an uncleaved initiator methionine. The presence of these methionine-containing minor H1 subfractions varies in different tissues. PMID- 3255051 TI - Organization of spliceosomal U6 snRNA genes in the mouse genome. AB - U6 RNA is an abundant small nuclear RNA (snRNA) required for splicing of pre mRNAs. In mammalian cells, the genes for U1 to U4 snRNAs consist of multigene families ranging from 10 to 100 copies of real genes per haploid genome, and are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. In contrast, results obtained in this study indicate that U6 RNA, which is transcribed by RNA polymerase II and III, may be coded for in mouse cells by only two genes. These two U6 genes are at least 9 kb apart from each other, and the flanking sequences are highly conserved, indicating that the organization of U6 genes is similar to that observed for other mammalian U-snRNA genes. PMID- 3255053 TI - [A colorimetric study on the opague porcelain of porcelain fused-to-metal crowns. Part I. Hiding effect on the color of metal base in case of the yellow color opaque porcelain]. PMID- 3255054 TI - [The influence of occlusal height of a cast crown on occlusal contact area. 1. Bite force in the silicone-black method]. PMID- 3255055 TI - [Morphological aspects of occlusal facets appropriate for the jaw movement]. PMID- 3255052 TI - Simultaneous estimation of nicotine and cotinine levels in biological fluids using high-resolution capillary-column gas chromatography combined with solid phase extraction work-up. AB - A rapid and sensitive capillary gas-chromatographic method with nitrogen sensitive detection is reported for the simultaneous analysis of nicotine and cotinine levels occurring in the plasma, saliva, and urine of regular tobacco smokers. The proposed assay has a linear output, has satisfactory accuracy over the range of concentrations of both amines encountered in active smokers, and has also been successful in the analysis of the urine samples of passive smokers. Its lower limit of sensitivity is 0.2 ng of nicotine and 0.5 ng of cotinine per ml of plasma or saliva or per 100 microliters of urine. The beneficial characteristics of the presented method were achieved by the combination of solid phase extraction of 0.1-1.0 ml of fluid specimens, capillary column gas chromatography with splitless injection and nitrogen sensitive detection, and the use of separate, structurally analogous compounds as internal standards for nicotine. The suitability of the assay is shown by plasma concentration-time curves of nicotine and cotinine in a steady smoker during a 24 hours period. PMID- 3255056 TI - [Experimental study on influence of dentures on the palatal mucosa]. PMID- 3255057 TI - [Polymerization of visible-light cured veneering resin. Part 1. Influence of curing conditions]. PMID- 3255058 TI - [A prosthetic study on the patient with the surgical treatment for large ameloblastoma]. PMID- 3255059 TI - [A study on gypsum hardener (5)]. PMID- 3255060 TI - [Predominant microorganisms of plaque on complete dentures]. PMID- 3255062 TI - [The aspect of dietary intake of full denture wearers]. PMID- 3255061 TI - [A clinical study on the prognosis of complete denture wearers covering 10 years. Part II. Occlusal contact area]. PMID- 3255064 TI - [Tongue movement of complete denture wearers on pronouncing /S/ sound]. PMID- 3255063 TI - [The evaluation of the impact resistance of crosslinked-plastic denture teeth]. PMID- 3255065 TI - [EMG study on the characteristics in masticatory movements influenced on the food texture]. PMID- 3255066 TI - [Colorimetric studies of the gingiva. Color variation of the gingiva in the upper anterior region]. PMID- 3255067 TI - [Colorimetric study of marginal gingiva. Inflammatory effects on color difference analyses from the standpoint of gingival transmission]. PMID- 3255068 TI - [Morphological study of temporomandibular joint in sagittal plane with cephalometric laminagraph (1st report)]. PMID- 3255069 TI - [The change of the intermaxillary distance of the intercuspation. The influence of the occlusal contact and the occlusal force]. PMID- 3255070 TI - [The relation between the condition of the stomatognathic system and the condition of whole body. I-1. Concerning the effects of a change of occlusion on upright posture especially on the locus of the body's gravity center]. PMID- 3255071 TI - [The cushioning effects of soft lining materials. Part 1. An experimental study by using parallel plate]. PMID- 3255072 TI - [Evaluation method for masticatory function of complete denture wearers by questionnaire with 35 food listings]. PMID- 3255073 TI - [A roentogenographic cephalometic study on the relationship of dentofacial morphology and occlusal plane]. PMID- 3255074 TI - [Polymerization of visible-light cured veneering resins. Part 2. Influence of fillers and initiator systems]. PMID- 3255075 TI - [Time factors of the silent period. Electromyographic activity and bite force]. PMID- 3255076 TI - [Effect of various tissue conditioners and relining resins on the bending strength of denture base resins]. PMID- 3255077 TI - [Influence of the elements of mandibular movement on tooth path. Part 5. Curvature of horizontal condylar path of balancing side]. PMID- 3255078 TI - [Strength evaluation of castable glass ceramic crown and castable glass ceramic bridge]. PMID- 3255079 TI - [The mandibular position when temporomandibular joint sound occurred]. PMID- 3255081 TI - [An experimental study on the judgement of fitness test of denture base. Relation between the thickness of white silicone film and the pressure distribution under denture base]. PMID- 3255080 TI - [Correlation between jaw muscle activity and bite force under the known different craniofacial form. Part 1. Classification of craniofacial form and its influence on jaw muscle activity and bite force]. PMID- 3255082 TI - [A method of analyzing condylar movement. Kinematic axis point as a kinematically analytic point]. PMID- 3255083 TI - [43d national meeting of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Therapy--I. (Modena, 8-11 June 1989)]. PMID- 3255084 TI - [Surgical and anesthesiological risk. Analysis and control strategy]. PMID- 3255085 TI - [Pre-existing drug therapy: risk due to interactions during anesthesia]. PMID- 3255086 TI - [Water-electrolyte imbalance]. PMID- 3255087 TI - [Thromboembolic risk]. PMID- 3255088 TI - [Reduction of surgical risk in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3255089 TI - [Evaluation of the respiratory function and prognostication of risk in thoracic pulmonary surgery]. PMID- 3255090 TI - [Psycho-neuro-immunological aspects in the evaluation and prevention of anesthesiologic-surgical risk]. PMID- 3255092 TI - FDI leaflet on AIDS. PMID- 3255091 TI - [Hormone levels and reaction times of the anesthetist before and after a surgical session]. PMID- 3255093 TI - Mouth infections can be a sign of AIDS. PMID- 3255094 TI - Canadian dental hygienist study. Part II: Registration, licensure and employment profiles (1987). PMID- 3255095 TI - Hypnosis in dentistry. PMID- 3255096 TI - 1-minute fluoride. It's all a matter of time. PMID- 3255098 TI - Canadian dental hygienist study. Part III: Dental hygiene workplace and hours of work. PMID- 3255097 TI - Dental hygiene students are different types. A study of first year students. AB - The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was used to understand personality preferences of a sample of first year students over a 3 year period (1985, 1986, 1987) at the University of Manitoba School of Dental Hygiene. The MBTI yields four preference scores - extraversion/introversion (E-I), sensing/intuition (S N), thinking/feeling (T-F), and judging/perception (J-P). Combinations of these four preferences yield 16 different personality types. Results indicated that the highest ranked types were ISFJ (23.6%) and ESFJ (18.1%). Temperament type results indicated that the SJ type (51.4%) was predominant. Educational implications of type differences for dental hygiene educators are suggested. PMID- 3255099 TI - A model for the practice of dental hygiene. PMID- 3255100 TI - The clinical practice standards for Canadian dental hygienists: why read them? What to do with them? PMID- 3255101 TI - Dental hygiene practice model: application to dental hygiene education. PMID- 3255102 TI - Comparison of model and nuclear magnetic resonance structures for the human inflammatory protein C5a. AB - The model structure previously proposed for human C5a, based upon the crystal structure of the homologous protein human C3a, is compared to the solution structure of human C5a recently determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods in our laboratory. The general folding and helix topography of the C5a protein were modeled very well. The N-terminus, which is disordered in the C3a crystal, was correctly predicted in the C5a model both as to its being a helix and as to its docking site on the rest of the molecule. On the other hand, the NMR data show that the biologically important C-terminal residues are disordered in solution, unlike the model and the C3a crystal structure where this region was helical. PMID- 3255103 TI - Differences in crystal properties and ligand affinities of an antifluorescyl Fab (4-4-20) in two solvent systems. AB - An antigen-binding fragment (Fab) from a murine monoclonal antibody (4-4-20) with high affinity for fluorescein was cocrystallized with ligand in polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) in forms suitable for X-ray analyses. In MPD the affinity of the intact antibody for fluorescein was 300 times lower than the value (3.4 x 10(10) M-1) obtained in aqueous buffers. This decreased affinity was manifested by the partial release of bound fluorescein when MPD was added to solutions of liganded Fab during crystallization trials. In PEG, the ligand remained firmly bound to the protein. The liganded Fab crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1) in PEG, with a = 58.6, b = 97.2, c = 44.5 A and beta = 95.2 degrees. In MPD the space group was triclinic P1, with a = 58.3, b = 43.4, c = 42.3 A, alpha = 83.9 degrees, beta = 87.6 degrees, and gamma = 84.5 degrees. X-ray diffraction data were collected for both forms to 2.5 A resolution. Surprisingly, the triclinic form of the liganed antifluorescyl Fab had the same space group, closely similar cell dimensions, and practically the same orientation in the unit cell as an unliganded Fab (BV04-01) with activity against single-stranded DNA. PMID- 3255104 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction study of a protein with a high potential rubredoxin center and a hemerythrin-type Fe center. AB - A newly discovered iron-containing protein, isolated from the bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough, NCIB 8303), has been crystallized. The molecule appears to be a dimer of mass 44kDa. This protein has iron centers with spectrascopic similarities to those in rubredoxins and in hemerythrins. The X-ray diffraction shows symmetry consistent with space group I222 or I212121. Cell parameters are a = 49.2 A, b = 81.3 A, c = 100.1 A, and alpha, beta, gamma = 90 degrees. X-ray diffraction data have been collected to 3.0 A, and a search for useful heavy atom derivatives is in progress for the analysis of the crystal structure of this Fe-protein. PMID- 3255105 TI - Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation by synthetic amphipathic peptides. AB - The amphipathic helical theory of Segrest and colleagues (FEBS Lett.:38:247-253, 1974) proposes that the lipid-binding segments of serum apolipoproteins are in an alpha helical conformation. Furthermore the helices have a hydrophobic face and a hydrophilic face with a specific distribution of positively and negatively charged residues. The importance of the pattern of the charged residues in the lipid binding and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activation by the segments is still debated. We designed a 30-residue peptide, GALA, which in the alpha helical conformation has a hydrophilic face composed of glutamic acid residues (Sabbarao et al.: Biochemistry 26:2964-2972, 1987). GALA behaves like the serum apolipoproteins in its interaction with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) at neutral pH; the amino terminal tryptophan of GALA undergoes a blue shift in its fluorescence emission spectrum, and the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum indicates that GALA acquires alpha helical structure in the presence of DMPC. A DMPC-GALA:19/1 (molar ratio) complex can be isolated by gel-permeation chromatography. This complex has a discoidal structure with the approximate dimensions of 44-A edge thickness and a 170- to 350-A diameter. GALA activates LCAT with DMPC but not with unsaturated phospholipids as the substrate. The apparent partition coefficient of GALA into DMPC vesicles is 100-fold larger than into egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles. The interaction of GALA with unsaturated lipids at neutral pH is so weak that no detectable change in the spectroscopic properties of GALA or the structure of the liposomes can be detected under the conditions used here. The sequence of GALA differs from previously studied model Apo A1 peptides by the absence of positively charged residues on the hydrophilic face. This indicates that positive charges in Apo A1-like peptides are not required in order to form discoidal structures with saturated phospholipids or to activate LCAT with such lipid substrates. PMID- 3255107 TI - [Direct composite esthetic veneers: use of opacifiers and tints]. PMID- 3255106 TI - Mechanism of protein folding: I. General considerations and refolding of myoglobin. AB - To explain the rapidity of the process of protein folding, we cite two aspects of hydrophobic interaction: its long-range nature and the specificity of pairing after the formation of secondary structures. These two factors, when incorporated with the growth-type mechanism, can determine the folding pathway of proteins. This mechanism is applied to myoglobin. Appropriate introduction of side chains of amino acid residues and the heme group attached to His 93 yield a refolded tertiary structure that is in good agreement with the native structure. PMID- 3255108 TI - [Changes in the cranio-cervico-mandibular system after the first stage of kinesic treatment]. PMID- 3255109 TI - [Operative and postoperative risks in surgical installation of osseointegrated implants]. PMID- 3255110 TI - [Geriatric dentistry, a new challenge for the profession]. PMID- 3255111 TI - [The child and his first pedodontic visit]. PMID- 3255112 TI - [Stress in the dental patient]. PMID- 3255113 TI - [Biocompatibility of phospholipid surfaces]. PMID- 3255114 TI - [Released elements from Sm-Co magnet and dental casting ferromagnetic alloy by corrosion]. PMID- 3255115 TI - [Crystal structure of magnesium-containing beta-tricalcium phosphate]. PMID- 3255116 TI - [Observation of the surface condition of dental cements by WET-SEM]. PMID- 3255117 TI - [Synthesis of 4-phenyl and 4-benzyl substituted phthalazinone and its derivatives]. PMID- 3255118 TI - Metabolism of vitamin D in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60). PMID- 3255119 TI - [Sleep-promoting effects of Ganoderma extracts in rats: comparison between long term and acute administrations]. PMID- 3255120 TI - [HPLC analysis of ginkgolides by using a differential refractometer]. PMID- 3255121 TI - [Theory of statistical moments in pharmacokinetic studies: application to the bioavailability of propranolol]. PMID- 3255122 TI - [Idiopathic diffuse mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type I and type II: experience with 50 cases]. PMID- 3255123 TI - [Serologic evidence of leptospirosis in rice field workers]. PMID- 3255124 TI - [Failure of oral hypoglycemic agents: clinical experiences in 20 years' follow up]. PMID- 3255125 TI - [Genetic methods for the exclusion and attribution of paternity: experience with 30 cases]. PMID- 3255126 TI - [Lesion of the heart conduction system tissue after streptococcal infection: oligosymptomatic manifestation of rheumatic disease?]. PMID- 3255127 TI - [Large adrenal tumor visualized by computed tomography: experience with 8 cases]. PMID- 3255128 TI - [Cancer of the parathyroid glands]. PMID- 3255130 TI - [The diagnosis of obesity]. PMID- 3255129 TI - [Unusual benign stenosis of the cervical esophagus: experience with 6 cases]. PMID- 3255131 TI - [Prototype digital unit dedicated to radiography of the thorax]. PMID- 3255132 TI - [Diagnostic imaging in pulmonary pathology]. PMID- 3255133 TI - [Blastocystis hominis: a new pathogenic agent?]. PMID- 3255134 TI - [Etiology of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 3255135 TI - [Chilean biomedical studies in Easter Island (1932-1985)]. PMID- 3255136 TI - [Teaching and learning of the physiopathology discipline: analysis of the process in a school of medicine]. PMID- 3255137 TI - [Smoking among high-school students in a rural community]. PMID- 3255138 TI - An ultrastructural study of the kitten enamel organ in the zone of transition between enamel secretion and maturation. PMID- 3255139 TI - [Treatment of an adult patient with asymmetric prognathism. A case report by team approach]. PMID- 3255140 TI - [Resinoid grinding wheels of electric conduction]. PMID- 3255141 TI - [Proliferation and differentiation of cultured epithelial cells under epithelial mesenchymal interactions]. PMID- 3255142 TI - [The microcirculation in teeth and periodontium. (Part 2) Ultrastructural and tracer studies of blood capillaries in odontoblastic layer of rat incisor pulp]. PMID- 3255143 TI - [Clinical evaluation of posterior restorative composites. Two year assessment]. PMID- 3255144 TI - [Properties of addition-type silicone impression materials]. PMID- 3255145 TI - [Diagnosis of periodontal disease by vibration sensitivity in the anterior areas of the upper and lower jaws]. PMID- 3255146 TI - [Study on treatment of hypersensitive dentine by He-Ne laser]. PMID- 3255147 TI - [Aging of surface matrix of the mature bone by high resolution scanning electron microscope]. PMID- 3255148 TI - [Histological study on acute injury of rat submandibular gland induced by proton beam irradiation]. PMID- 3255149 TI - [Calcium distribution in rat incisor odontoblasts during dentine formation by electron probe X-ray microanalysis]. PMID- 3255150 TI - The presence of cytochromes in oral anaerobic bacteria, especially in Bacteroides oralis. PMID- 3255151 TI - [Fundamental investigation of all-ceramic crown (Cerestore crown)]. PMID- 3255152 TI - [Three-dimensional ultrastructure of the chondroid bone cell in alveolar crest at formative phase]. PMID- 3255153 TI - [Clinical effects of subgingival water irrigation on periodontal pockets]. PMID- 3255154 TI - [Three-dimensional ultrastructure of the flat bone of growing calvaria]. PMID- 3255155 TI - [Acute cerebral edema, an aggravating factor in multiple trauma in children]. PMID- 3255156 TI - [Characteristics of the onset in cavum tumors]. PMID- 3255157 TI - [The influence of a sanatorium cure on neuroses as a function of the clinical form and of the dominant syndromes]. PMID- 3255158 TI - [The role of the reactive factor in the development of discordant psychosis]. PMID- 3255159 TI - [Evaluation on the basis of the rates of secondary attack of whooping cough in families of the vaccination and prophylactic efficacy of pertussis vaccine in 2 districts of the city of Bucharest]. PMID- 3255160 TI - [Evaluation of the vaccinal coverage of 1- to 3-year-old children in district 3 of the city of Bucharest by the EVP/WHO method of random sampling]. PMID- 3255161 TI - [Preliminary data on the current spread of arboviruses in the territory of Romania]. PMID- 3255162 TI - [In vitro activity of mezlocillin and azlocillin on hospital bacterial strains]. PMID- 3255163 TI - [In vitro antimycotic effect of phenothiazine derivatives]. PMID- 3255164 TI - [The mode of action of antimycotic agents]. PMID- 3255165 TI - [The national program to eliminate poliomyelitis (NPEP)]. PMID- 3255166 TI - [The harmonious profile in facial esthetics. The normal occlusion and the after orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3255167 TI - [Tactile-sensation threshold in the surrounding tissues of osseointegrated implants]. PMID- 3255168 TI - [Three-dimensional analysis concerning masticatory force. Investigation of the lower first molar]. PMID- 3255169 TI - [Growth and development of the dental arch and alveolar ridge on the labio-buccal side, mainly in the early period of mixed dentition]. PMID- 3255170 TI - [Electrophysiological properties of sensory units innervating the sublingual and submandibular ducts of cats]. PMID- 3255172 TI - [Chemical properties of monofluorophosphate on hydrolysis with HC1O4]. PMID- 3255171 TI - [A clinical study of periodontal evaluation on halitosis patients. For the diagnosis of self-halitosis]. PMID- 3255173 TI - [Immunomodulating activity of oral Treponema strains on proliferation of mouse lymphocytes]. PMID- 3255175 TI - [Morphological studies on roots of Japanese upper first molars]. PMID- 3255174 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in rat-molar cementoblasts caused by administration of vinblastine, vincristine, and colchicine]. PMID- 3255176 TI - [Fundamental studies of sealing ability of various retrofilling materials in vitro]. PMID- 3255177 TI - [Current trends in scientific research on the organization and management of public health]. PMID- 3255178 TI - [The role of a day care hospital in increasing the quality of polyclinical services]. PMID- 3255179 TI - [Organizational and economic aspects of the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis of alcoholic and viral etiologies]. PMID- 3255180 TI - [Medical teachers' opinion on various sources of information related to smoking control (data from a questionnaire survey)]. PMID- 3255181 TI - [A system of complex evaluation of physicians' activities]. PMID- 3255182 TI - [Study of characteristics of the health status of medical students based on the data of preventive examinations]. PMID- 3255183 TI - [Organization of the activities of medical personnel on a patient team principle]. PMID- 3255184 TI - [Vocational orientation of schoolchildren towards medical professions]. PMID- 3255185 TI - [Improving the system of higher medical education]. PMID- 3255186 TI - [Sialadenosis]. PMID- 3255187 TI - [Characteristics of particles of a dental amalgam alloy produced in Portugal]. PMID- 3255188 TI - [A clinical case of Gorlin syndrome]. PMID- 3255189 TI - [Fissure sealants. 3 years experience in the E.S.M.D.L. oral hygiene course. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3255190 TI - Preventive effect of fish-rich diet on hypertensive diseases--nutrition survey in Tokushima. PMID- 3255191 TI - Effect of cholesterol-diet on aorta of hypertensive rats (SHRSP)--ultrastructural study. PMID- 3255192 TI - In vitro chemosensitivity testing based on intracellular ATP levels (ATP assay). PMID- 3255193 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pediatric surgical biliary diseases. PMID- 3255194 TI - Cell density-dependent changes in the ATP and protein contents of mouse L cells in attached cultures. PMID- 3255195 TI - Reflections on reductionism. PMID- 3255196 TI - Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase assembly: what is the role of the large subunit binding protein? PMID- 3255197 TI - How finicky is mitochondrial protein import? PMID- 3255198 TI - Lipid terminology: 'free' fatty acid is ambiguous. PMID- 3255199 TI - Organization of lipids in the plasma membranes of malignant and stimulated cells: a new model. PMID- 3255200 TI - Plasma membrane protein sorting in epithelial cells: do secretory pathways hold the key? PMID- 3255201 TI - What is the fate of diacylglycerol produced at the Golgi apparatus? PMID- 3255202 TI - Normalization of RNA dot blots with oligo(dT). PMID- 3255203 TI - Transgenic mouse production: pipette cleaning for pronuclear microinjection. PMID- 3255204 TI - [Retentive strength of internal cast restorations after applying repeated impacts]. PMID- 3255205 TI - [Electron microscopic observation on the formation and degradation of hemidesmosome and desmosome in rat oral epithelium]. PMID- 3255206 TI - [Statistical observation of endodontic therapy in clinical practice. A detailed study on the increase in the number of treatments]. PMID- 3255207 TI - [Histological study of the periodontal tissues incident to tooth movement by intermittent forces]. PMID- 3255208 TI - [An experimental study on the pressure distribution against the tissue supporting mandibular complete denture]. PMID- 3255209 TI - [Preliminary measurements of colloid osmotic pressure and protein concentration of the dental pulp fluid in the rat mandibular incisor after pulpotomy]. PMID- 3255210 TI - [The maximum velocity of shortening in glycerinated guinea-pig masticatory muscle]. PMID- 3255211 TI - Enhancement of 5-fluorouracil delivery to sarcoma 180 tissue under angiotensin II induced hypertension chemotherapy. PMID- 3255212 TI - [On the histological studies of beagle dog dentitions as revealed by tetracycline labelling]. PMID- 3255213 TI - [Bactericidal effects of 3 kinds of disinfectants on oral bacterial flora]. PMID- 3255214 TI - [Activities and reflex responses of the human tongue muscle during tongue protrusion, jaw opening, swallowing and respiration]. PMID- 3255215 TI - [Changes of lip and tongue pressures before and after surgical orthodontic correction and their effect on postoperative stability]. PMID- 3255216 TI - [Fluorine distribution in the soft and hard tissues of mice after administration of NaF and its pharmacokinetics]. PMID- 3255217 TI - [Study on the screening of the staff of a certain business enterprise for periodontal disease]. PMID- 3255218 TI - [A case of horseshoe kidney]. PMID- 3255219 TI - [Gastric dysplasia: its incidence in precancerous conditions, advanced cancer and early cancer]. AB - Dysplasia cancer sequence has not been determined in gastric cancer yet. Dysplastic changes are not frequent. Gastric cancer generally develops in areas of chronic atrophic gastritis. This chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is often associated with intestinal metaplasia (IM). IM has been classified in three types, according to morphologic patterns, differentiation and mucins production. We reviewed 55 gastrectomy specimens and 278 endoscopic biopsies. In order to determine an histological high-risk group, we chose cases with preneoplastic conditions (60 CAG, 10 biopsies of gastric remnants, 3 flat adenomas and 55 gastrectomies by cancer or ulcer). We also included 12 hyperplastic polyps because they may contain foci of intestinal metaplasia. Mucin techniques (PAS ALCIAN BLUE Ph 2.5 and HID-A.B) were used in all cases that showed extensive intestinal metaplasia. In addition, we used immunohistochemistry techniques to detect CEA. Dysplasia was found only in flat adenomas (3 cases), early gastric cancer (1 case) and advanced cancer (3 cases). We considered a preneoplastic lesion only to moderate or severe dysplasia. Hyperplastic regenerative pathology is considered a reversible condition. Therefore, it should be differentiated from dysplasia. We found that IM type III (sulfomucin predominance) is the most related to carcinoma, particularly to the intestinal type. CEA antigen is poorly specific in detecting high-risk lesions because it was seen in regenerative pathology and in gastric cancer too. Relationship of dysplasia and carcinoma, and/or neoplastic polyps was similar to other series. Concerning to follow-up items, we agree with the concepts proposed by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer. PMID- 3255220 TI - [Long-term study of patients with active chronic hepatitis treated with leukocyte interferon]. AB - Seven patients with active chronic hepatitis who received Interferon Alfa showed a marked humoral and histological improvement one year after the treatment was concluded, in 3 patients the hepatic histology was almost normal, 2 evolved to a persistent chronic hepatitis and only one showed deterioration. These results differed from those obtained immediately after the treatment (p 0.05). Interferon Alfa proves to be of the most usefulness in this disease, studies should be continued up to one year after the treatment has ended. PMID- 3255221 TI - [Intensive lymphoid hyperplasia of the peripancreatic ganglia and extrahepatic cholestasis in Sjogren's syndrome. Report of an unusual case]. AB - The diagnostic triad of Sjogren's syndrome is keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia with o without salivary gland enlargement and the presence of a connective tissue disease usually rheumatoid arthritis). Is postulated an altered immune response of lymphocytes to ductal antigens glands and the result is an chronic inflammatory process with eventual fibrosis and hyposecretion of the affected glands. Lymphoproliferation is characteristic of the Sjogren's syndrome, the lungs, kidneys and salivary glands are the most affected: in this paper is presented the disease complex and not described of Sjogren's syndrome and intensive lymphoid hyperplasia of peripancreatic lymph nodes without chronic pancreatitis but with obstructive jaundice for involvement of the distal common bile duct. The percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography was suggestive of pancreatic disease and the surgery and the pathology certified the final diagnosis. A choledocho-enteric anastomosis was performed to remedy the extrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 3255222 TI - [VIP: clinical value]. PMID- 3255223 TI - [Anatomical study of the intercostal, subcostal and lumbar arteries in man--on the formation and embryological significance of the common trunk]. PMID- 3255224 TI - [93d meeting of the Japanese Association of Anatomists. Nagoya, 1-2 April 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3255225 TI - [Intervention technics in the community: community diagnosis]. AB - The practice of community mental health care demands the introduction of suitable models of intervention. Community medicine, which has preceded the development of community mental health, offers operative models based on epidemiologic concepts and techniques. This paper analyses the different components of community diagnosis, a necessary step in the process of community intervention. A practical example illustrates the use of the latter by the mental health worker. PMID- 3255226 TI - [Characterization and detection of bulimia in the city of Buenos Aires]. AB - A screening of Bulimia, an eating disorder associated to Obesity and Anorexia Nervosa, has been carried out in the city of Buenos Aires. The data were obtained by means of the questionnaire of Pope & Hudson, administered to young women who attend diet and physical activity programs. Control groups were constituted by female university students and boutique employees. The results indicate that diet and physical fitness searchers are groups at risk of Bulimia. It is concluded that proper preventive measures can be taken by informing and training the personnel, professional or not, in charge of those institutions, and also by promoting the adequate information within the population. PMID- 3255227 TI - [Logical structure and meaning in information processing]. AB - Investigating the influence the dimensions "Meaning", and "Logical Structure" feature in the process of solving verbally-presented problems is the purpose of this study. 120 13-year-old boys and girls were administered 12 problems built around two different logical structures with six different "Meaning" dimensions. The results indicate that the logical structure of the problems is an important factor when information processing is at stake. PMID- 3255228 TI - [Computerized analysis of the verbal behavior of patients and therapists in the 1st diagnostic interview]. AB - From 282 psychoanalysis-oriented First Interview existing in the Computarized Text-Bank of the University of Ulm, Germany, a 68-sample was selected in order to assess and evaluate the following points: (a) Describing the talking behavior of both patients and therapists, according to specific variables; (b) Constructing a sample for the future development of a "Computarized First-Interview Archive", and (c) Testing some hypotheses connected to the verbal style of psychosomatic patients, compared with psychoneurotic patients; female patients compared with male patients; and older patients compared with younger patients. Using computarized dictionaries and the Electronic-Verbal-Analysis System (EVA) already stored and programmed at Ulm, formal, grammatical, and content analysis were performed. As a result, the determinant influence of diagnosis, and the heavy influence of age and sex on verbal style were shown. As regards the text measurements discriminating capacity, it was found out that grammatical analysis, with its high reliability, and validity, proved to be the best discriminative tool. PMID- 3255229 TI - [Photomaniac behavior and schizophrenia]. AB - Two patients with a chronic residual schizophrenic disorder, according to DSM-III R, showed a marked resistance to intensive light, manifested through a lack of intolerance and pain when looking at the Sun directly. Light suppresses melatonin secretion in humans, and the melatonin rhythm reflects the subject's light/darkness exposition. A photomaniac character of such a behavior (or phenomena that could favor it) recalls its opposite--the photophobic behavior as described in some cases of depression, and could cause a different profile of exposition to the light. Knowing about such phenomena--such though they lack every explanation for the time being--could be useful--from a methodology point of view, as well as heuristically valuable--during the study of photosensitive neuroendocrine processes in patients who evidence such phenomena. PMID- 3255230 TI - [Games, simulations and group technics in research on social conflict]. AB - This paper aims at discriminating between methods for the analysis of social conflicts: Games and simulations being the most frequently used, and--to a lesser extent--psychotherapy-originated techniques. The advantage of having the latter added to the former procedure is emphasized whenever logical behavioral structures in conflictive situations as well as emotional motives detection are looked for. PMID- 3255231 TI - [Towards an existential phenomenologic configuration of psychodiagnosis]. AB - The authors define their concept of psychodiagnostic process as inserted within the doctor-patient relationship general context. Five stages are described (a) administering technique, (b) collecting information, (d) writing report, and (e) retrieving information, and termination. Psychodiagnosis is considered under an epistemological criterion. The report is drawn up according to a phenomenological method. This paper ends up with some reflexions about the concepts of health, disease, doctor-patient relationship, and auxiliary means for diagnosis. PMID- 3255232 TI - Approaching the structures of mammalian propylamine transferases and their genes. PMID- 3255233 TI - Abnormalities of polyamine biosynthesis in spinal cord of totally gastrectomized rats. PMID- 3255234 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase and polyamine biosynthesis in pancreatic adaptation. AB - This study was designed to investigate the role of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamines in pancreatic adaptation. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is well-known to be a potent trophic stimulus on the pancreas. On the other hand, the oral application of the synthetic trypsin inhibitor camostate results in an extensive release of endogenous CCK in rats. alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible and specific inhibitor of ODC, was applied simultaneously to elucidate the essential role of polyamines in pancreatic growth. Camostate feeding (200 mg/kg b.wt. orally twice a day) resulted in a rapid elevation of ODC activity already after 2 hours, reaching a maximum after 6 hours (about 200fold above controls) followed by a significant increase in putrescine after 4 hours and spermidine after 24 hours while spermine remained unchanged. The trophic parameters increased as expected in following time-course: thymidine kinase (12 hours), DNA polymerase (12 hours), protein (24 hours), pancreatic weight (24 hours) and DNA (5 days). DFMO (2% in drinking water + 3 x 300 mg/kg b.wt. i.p. during daytime) was not able to prevent but significantly delayed and reduced the camostate-induced increase in ODC and polyamines as well as the trophic parameters. These data indicate an essential role for ODC and polyamines in camostate-induced pancreatic growth and hormonal mediated pancreatic adaptation. PMID- 3255235 TI - Purification and structural characterization of in vitro synthesized (gamma glutamyl) spermidine conjugates of a major protein secreted from the rat seminal vesicles. PMID- 3255237 TI - Phosphorylation by casein kinase-2 and reversible alteration of thiol groups: mechanisms of control of ornithine decarboxylase? PMID- 3255238 TI - Effect of polyamines on protein kinase C activation process. PMID- 3255236 TI - Spermidine in mammalian lymphocytes and sea urchin embryos: uptake and labeling of macromolecules. PMID- 3255239 TI - Interaction of polyamines with phospholipids: spermine and Ca2+ competition for phosphatidylserine containing liposomes. PMID- 3255240 TI - Polyamines stimulate the "in vitro" transport of the precursor of ornithine carbamoyltransferase into rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 3255241 TI - Uptake of polyamines by human lymphocytes and their effect on lactate formation from glucose. PMID- 3255243 TI - The role of polyamines in the growth and transformation of the African trypanosome. PMID- 3255242 TI - Control of phytopathogens by inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. PMID- 3255244 TI - The role of glutathionylspermidine and trypanothione in regulation of intracellular spermidine levels during growth of Crithidia fasciculata. PMID- 3255245 TI - Mechanism of antitumor activity of norspermidine, a structural homologue of spermidine. PMID- 3255246 TI - [Speech disturbance (dyslalia) and orthodontic abnormalities]. AB - In orthodontic casuistics, utterance impairments of varying severity and forms are quite frequently encountered, which primarily urged us to embark upon a study of interrelationship between orthodontic findings and speech function. A group of 45 subjects was examined. Cases in whom impairments of articulation were not caused by CNS dysfunction, were primarily selected according to casuistics. Thirty-one patients, 24 males and 7 females, aged 7-25 years, were completely studied. Representatives of all basic orthodontic abnormalities and 4 eugnathic subjects with utterance impairments were included for comparison. Utterance impairments were found to correlate with the stage and severity of orthodontic abnormality. PMID- 3255247 TI - [The inheritance of hypodontia in families--the segregational analysis]. AB - The aim of this study was to establish the mode of inheritance of hypodontia based on family data, and by means of segregational analysis to test whether this anomaly follows the expected ratio of segregation for the expected mode of inheritance. The research has been performed by analysing pedigrees of 35 families with hypodontia. Genealogical analyses suggest that hypodontia follows an autosomal dominant (AD) mode of inheritance in 21 families. The sample has been obtained by single incomplete ascertainment. The following methods have been applied for segregational analysis: Weinberger's proband method, Davie's method, Fisher's method, Robert's method, and finally Penrose's of a "relative frequency" method. Weinberger's method showed the value of 0.27 (27%) of the segregation of genes for hypodontia of the chosen sample and in case of Davie's method 0.28 (28.57%). Fisher's "sib" method gave the same results as Davie's method (28.57%). Roberts's formula showed that the value of X2 was 1.76, what means that there is no significant deviation from the expected 1:1 ratio. The results obtained are in favor of the autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Penrose's method of a "relative frequency", suitable for differencing monogenic from polygenic inheritance, also showed autosomal dominant mode of inheritance of hypodontia in the analyzed sample. PMID- 3255248 TI - [Morphological characteristics of inter-radicular space of the first and second lower permanent molars]. AB - In this study, 537 extracted molars (261 first and 276 second molars) with well developed roots were examined to assess the width of the interradicular space and the shape of the furcation vault. The roots were set widely apart in 91.6% of the first and 64.8% of the second permanent molars, while the roots set closely together were observed in 8.4% and 27.9% of the first and second molars, respectively. Fuseg roots were found in second molars only, in 7.2% of cases. A flat furcation fornix was detected in 18.3% of the first and 14.0% of the second molars, whereas a convex shape was observed in 20.7% of the first and 10.5% of the second molars, respectively (P less than 0.001). A convex shape of furcation was found in 8.0% of the first and 27.3% of the second molars, respectively (P less than 0.001). Interradicular ridge was present in a very high percentage (52.9% of the first and 48.0% of the second molars). A concave shape of furcation fornix was statistically more frequent in molars with closely set roots for the first and second permanent molars (P less than 0.001). It seemed that the width of the interradicular space had no influence on the prevalence of interradicular bridges, regardless of type of molars involved. PMID- 3255249 TI - [Distribution of prosthetic appliances in young persons]. AB - In fixed prosthodontics, analysis of the distribution of basic prosthetic appliances according to sex, dental arch and particular types of teeth, is quite understandably needed. Therefore, these relations were analyzed in a sample of young adults. The aim was to find out the trends prevailing in our population, that may have proved useful in choosing appropriate measures in prosthetic therapy. Aimed clinical studies were conducted in 5665 students, 3078 females and 2587 males aged 18-20 years. The results obtained pointed to a significant difference in the prosthetic appliances between the upper and lower jaws (89.36% and 10.64%, respectively). Of the total of 1306 appliances in both jaws, 994 (76%) referred to anterior teeth, including first premolars, indicating the prevalence of esthetic requests and indications as compared to the functional ones. According to age, 57% of the total number of prosthetic appliances were made for females and 43% males. PMID- 3255250 TI - Behavioral catalysis: a theory of nursing intervention in family health care. PMID- 3255251 TI - Psychosocial determinants of mothers' health behavior related to oresol use. PMID- 3255252 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmia in healthy elderly subjects: detection by dynamic electrocardiography]. PMID- 3255253 TI - [Tricuspid stenosis. Diagnostic peculiarities]. PMID- 3255254 TI - [The immediate and late course of patients with porcine bioprosthesis]. PMID- 3255255 TI - [Serum cholesterol levels in a representative sample of the adult population of Porto Alegre]. PMID- 3255256 TI - [Aortic valve stenosis. Dilation with balloon catheterization]. PMID- 3255258 TI - [Acute unilateral pulmonary edema. A case report]. PMID- 3255257 TI - [Surgical treatment of nodal reentry tachycardia. Initial experiences]. PMID- 3255259 TI - [Angiosarcoma of the right atrium. A case report]. PMID- 3255260 TI - [Evolutive aspect of the echocardiographic image of the vegetation in tricuspid valve endocarditis cured with clinical treatment. A case report]. PMID- 3255261 TI - [Indications for intracardiac electrophysiological studies--1988. Recommendations of the Committee of the Society of Cardiology of the State of Sao Paulo and of the Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Study Group of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology]. PMID- 3255262 TI - [Chronicity of cardiac lesions in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3255264 TI - [Significance of arteriosclerosis as cause of death in the State of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 3255263 TI - [Amyloidosis and inflammation of the calcified mitral valve in patients with chronic rheumatism]. PMID- 3255265 TI - [Morphologic cardiac changes in human visceral leishmaniasis. Study based on 16 necropsy cases]. PMID- 3255267 TI - [Behavior of the platelet number and aggregation in elderly patients with coronary disease subjected to stress]. PMID- 3255266 TI - [Peridural anesthesia in cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. Perioperative evaluation]. PMID- 3255268 TI - [Blood flow and regional peripheral resistance in elderly subjects with isolated systolic hypertension]. PMID- 3255269 TI - [Reversible 1st degree atrioventricular block associated with leukocytoclastic vasculitis. A case report]. PMID- 3255270 TI - [Endomyocardial fibrosis in 2-year old children. Report of a case]. PMID- 3255272 TI - [Clinical conference at the Brazilian Institute for Studies and Research in Gastroenterology]. PMID- 3255271 TI - [Gastric emptying in children. VII. Influence of body posture, using an oral hydration solution as the test meal]. AB - Twenty four infants and children of both sexes with age ranging from 1 day to 18 months, and weighing between 2700 g and 10000 g, were studied. There were several reasons for admission; but during performance of the tests they were in complete recuperation of their illness and there was no evidence of gastrointestinal disturbs. Four gastric emptying studies were performed in every subject, in consecutive days, between 10 to 12 A.M. A nasogastric tube was used for injecting the test meals; these consisted of a dilute solution of phenolsulfonphthalein in a hydration oral solution recommended by W. H. O. Residual gastric volume was measured at the "free" position (without contention), and supine, right and left lateral decubitus, when the subjects were immobilized with a sheet. The test's sequence was aleatory. Our data allows us to conclude that the child's decubitus has an influence on gastric emptying when using the W.H.O. solution for oral hydration. Although no differences were observed, among the "free" position, right lateral and supine decubitus, the gastric emptying in the left lateral decubitus was significantly retarded. Even though this study has been carried among children without diarrhea or dehydration we still advise rapid gastric emptying position during rehydration in these little patients. PMID- 3255273 TI - [The place of pneumatic dilatation in the treatment of achalasia]. PMID- 3255274 TI - [Absorption of medium chain triglycerides in patients with blind loop syndrome]. AB - Absorption of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) was estimated in 10 patients with stagnant loop syndrome (SLS). Six patients had steatorrhea due to gastrojejunal anastomosis and 4 due to diabetic neuropathy. The diagnosis of SLS was confirmed by antibiotic therapeutic test after exclusion of other causes of malabsorption syndrome. Each patient was submitted to 2 types of diet during one week each, differing only in the type of added lipid. In the diet with long chain triglycerides (LCT), soy oil and butter were added. In the diet, with medium chain triglycerides, only MCT oil from babacu was added. The excretion of lipid was determined in the feces in the last 3 days of each diet. The results showed that the medium fecal lipid excretion was 48.6 (sd = 19.8) g/d in the LCT diet and 26.6 (sd = 13.8) g/d in the MCT [d = 22.0; s(d) = 3.10; t = 7.10; p less than 0.001], which indicates that in patients with SLS, MCT diet was better absorbed than LCT diet. It is suggested that MCT oil may be used as a caloric source during nutritional recovery in SLS. PMID- 3255275 TI - [Aortic-esophageal fistula caused by inflammatory pseudotumor of the esophagus]. AB - A 56-year-old, otherwise healthy man died in operative room from a massive esophageal hemorrhage, one week after a single episode of postprandial odynophagia. Surgical specimen of the esophagus and the aorta showed a fistulous tract extending from an esophageal tumoral mass to the aorta. Histological examination disclosed the microscopic finding of the so-called inflammatory pseudotumor of the esophagus (IPT). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of such unusual complication of IPT, resulting in fatal gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3255276 TI - Chronic active hepatitis associated with anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody type 1. AB - A 3 years old girl presented with clinical feature of an acute hepatitis-like illness, with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, high alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT) and high gamma-globulin values. We were able to demonstrate high titre of anti-liver-kidney microsome antibodies type 1 (LKMA1) in the serum of this patient using immunofluorescence, ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) and Western blot (WB) analysis. This observation together with the liver morphology and after excluding other possible causes of hepatitis established the diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis associated with anti-LKM1 antibody. Immunosuppressive therapy was therefore started immediately. PMID- 3255277 TI - [Fibrous Schatzki ring. An alternative of surgical treatment]. AB - A case report of a patient with Schatzki's ring which was fibrous and stenotic is presented. The treatment with a new surgical technique with good results is discussed. PMID- 3255278 TI - [Protein-losing gastroenteropathies in children. Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic observations in 13 patients]. AB - Thirteen children carrying protein-losing gastroenteropathy confirmed by the excretion fecal 51Cr albumin are presented. The ages ranged from 3 months to 12 years old, and the mean age of onset of symptom was 6 years 11 months old. Symptoms initiated between 3 to 7 years old in 11 patients. First and second grade malnutrition were detected within 10 cases. The most frequent clinical observation was diarrhea, found in 11 patients, followed by peripheral edema (10), anorexia (10), paleness (10), muscular hypotrophy (9), abdominal distension (8), ascite (7), wasted (7) and vomiting (5). The serum albumin level was below 2.5 g/100 ml in 12 patients, with and average of 1.7 g/100 ml. The gammaglobulin fraction was below 1.0 g/100 ml in 8 patients and lymphocytopenia in 5. Tests have shown a compromised fat absorption, thus, 7 among 8 lipiodol's test were negatives. The etiologic diagnosis were: paracoccidioidomycoses (5 patients), primary enteric lymphangiectasia (1), stronglyoidiasis (1), constrictive pericarditis (1), rheumatic carditis with double mitral lesion (1), Menetrier's disease (1), short gut malabsorption syndrome (1), celiac disease (1) and cow's milk allergy (1). The responsible mechanism for the great loss of proteins to the digestive tube as well as diagnose and therapeutic aspects of the patients are commented. A report of 4 cases was done, as a way to show the pathology more characteristically due to protein losing gastroenteropathy. PMID- 3255279 TI - [Iatrogenic lesions of the bile ducts]. PMID- 3255280 TI - [Treatment of cicatricial stenosis of the proximal common hepatic duct. Study of 11 cases]. AB - Eleven patients with cicatricial stenosis in the junction area of hepatic ducts were evaluated. In all patients the injury occurred during cholescystectomy and no operative cholangiography was performed. In 3 patients the injury was recognized during the initial cholecistectomy. Ten patients had been operated on at least one time to correct the injury in other Services. Four cases had duct or peritoneal drainage. There was an attempt of reanastomosis in two cases. Five patients had a bilio-digestive anastomosis performed in variable occasions. Two patients were reoperated 5 times, one patient 3 times. The others were submitted to one or 2 reoperations. There were a period of 1 to 72 months between the injury and last reoperation. Jaundice was the most common presenting manifestation since it appeared in all patient except one. Five patients had biliary cirrhosis. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was carried out in all cases after enlarging the biliar stoma by longitudinal section on the left hepatic duct and performing a termino-terminal anastomosis. The 10 or 12 caliber Kehr drain used was taken out after the control cholangiography, carried around the second postoperative week. Concerning the long term results, one patient died of recurrent cholangitis six months after the 6th reoperation and one patient 14 months after the 4th reoperation of liver failure. Both had biliary cirrhosis. Two patients, remained assymptomatic for 60 months and 3 patients for 24, 37 and 56 months. The importance of preventing this severe complication is stressed by the authors. Patients with such lesions need be referred to specialized centers where well trained surgeons are available. The technique herein presented seems us to be a good option. PMID- 3255281 TI - [Use of the Leveen shunt in the treatment of clinically intractable ascites]. AB - From January 1978 to August 1987, 21 patients received a peritoneovenous shunt using the Le Veen valve (LVV). The indications criteria were the long-term diuretic therapy failure (mean time = 24.4 months) or resistence to medical therapy during hospital internment. The 21 patients underwent 36 surgeries, being 4 valve position review and 11 changes of LVV. The mean age was 51.6 years. Fifteen patients had alcoholic cirrhosis, 3 postnecrotic cirrhosis, one Budd Chiari syndrome, one mansoni Schistosomiasis, and one malignant ascites. Ten were Child B and 9 Child C patients. Eight patients with history of previous esophageal varices bleeding (EVB) underwent endoscopic sclerotherapy (EE) before LVV implantation. Seven patients died in the early postoperative period (3 Child B and 4 Child C patients). Three patients died due to EVB and the others as consequence of hepatic failure (one), cardiac insufficiency (one), sepsis (one), and bronchopneumonia (one). The mean follow-up was 19.9 months (1-61). Early LVV occlusion occurred in 4 patients and late valve occlusion in others 4 patients. The LVV changes were done at ambulatorial preceeding. Ten patients (47.6%) died in late follow-up and in these cases death was related to the main disease course. It is concluded that: 1) LVV is a useful therapy in patients with intractable ascites, since it is not the terminal manifestations of disease; 2) early mortality is related to liver function and late mortality to main disease course; 3) ascitic patients with EVB should undergo endoscopic sclerotherapy before LVV implantation. PMID- 3255282 TI - [Sphincteroplasty: its value in the treatment of distal lithiasis of the choledochus]. AB - Twenty patients in whom sphincteroplasty was performed are presented. In 12 cases the indication was choledocholithiasis with stone impacted in the distal bile duct; 5 cases with choledocholithiasis and oddian stenosis, and 3 cases with residual choledocholithiasis associated with oddian stenosis. The average length of the incision of the ampullary area was 25 mm. The postoperative control made by tube cholangiography evidenced the presence of a wide open choledochoduodenal opening. Amylase activity was followed in all patients. One case of acute pancreatitis and one case of choledochal fistula were recorded as postoperative complications. PMID- 3255283 TI - [Chronic calculous cholecystitis and fibrotic rudimentary appendix associated with situs inversus totalis]. AB - A case of calculous cholecystitis and rudimentary appendix in a 45 year old female patient with complete situs inversus is reported. After radiologic and sonographic examination, surgical treatment resulted in symptoms relief. A high index of suspection is imperative for the precise diagnostic and therapeutic approach. PMID- 3255284 TI - [Clinical conference at the Brazilian Institute for Studies and Research in Gastroenterology]. PMID- 3255285 TI - A serious complication of vesical ether instillation: ether cystitis. AB - We report the fourth case of ether cystitis, which occurred after ether was used to dissolve a Foley catheter balloon. The severity of the lesions required an ileocystoplasty to preserve normal micturition. Ether dissolution of Foley catheter balloons should be replaced with mechanical disruption. PMID- 3255286 TI - Retrieval of intrauterine contraceptive devices with missing tails, using Lamicel. AB - Preliminary cervical dilatation using Lamicel, followed by relatively painless uterine probing was successful in removing 30 of 31 contraceptive devices that had not been removable in the outpatient clinic. This technique is simple, safe, inexpensive and well tolerated. It can be utilized to retrieve intrauterine contraceptive devices with missing tails when other conventional clinic procedures fail. PMID- 3255287 TI - Nocturnal panic in a depressed patient: pathophysiological implications. PMID- 3255288 TI - Test doses in extradural block. PMID- 3255289 TI - The ethics of difficult tracheal intubation. PMID- 3255290 TI - Pesticide sorption on geologic material of varying organic carbon content. AB - Sorption of three pesticides on geologic material ranging in organic carbon content from 0.33 to 6.9 g kg-1 was measured in soil columns using a miscible displacement technique. An octanol-water partitioning model was shown to be inappropriate for predicting sorption of the less hydrophobic pesticides on the low organic carbon materials. PMID- 3255291 TI - Nurses accused of murder. PMID- 3255292 TI - The control of post-thoracotomy pain. A comparative evaluation of thoracic epidural fentanyl infusions and cryo-analgesia. AB - This is a comparative study of two methods to relieve postoperative thoracotomy pain. Continuous thoracic epidural infusion of fentanyl produced superior analgesia when compared with cryo-analgesia of the relevant thoracic nerves. Linear analogue pain scores were consistently lower in the epidural group reaching significance (p less than 0.05) at 32 and 40 hours after operation. All 36 patients in the cryo-analgesia group required additional analgesia, while 12 out of the 32 patients in the epidural group did not. This difference was significant at p less than 0.001. Respiratory and cardiovascular measurements were similar in both groups and the only side effect attributable to the epidural fentanyl was itching but this was not a problem. PMID- 3255293 TI - Regulation growth of animals. PMID- 3255294 TI - Mammographic parenchymal features and breast cancer in the breast cancer detection demonstration project. AB - The Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) screened 283,222 U.S. women for breast cancer by use of mammography and breast palpation. A sample of participants was followed up to determine the subsequent occurrence of breast cancer cases and deaths. We have used information from the BCDDP to evaluate the relation of mammographic parenchymal features to the incidence of and mortality from breast cancer, and to examine changes in this relation with duration of follow-up. We also reevaluated the relations of age, body weight, height, menopause, parity, and age at birth of first child to mammographic features of breast tissue. Among women 35-49 years of age at entry, those whose mammographic features were "glandular" or "homogeneously dense" had a 2.8-fold increase in risk of breast cancer compared to women whose mammographic features were "atrophic or fatty". The increased risk was observed up to 9 years after entry. Among women 50-74 years of age at entry, the risk of breast cancer was elevated by a factor of 1.7 for women with glandular or dense breast parenchyma compared to those with atrophic or fatty breasts. The increase in risk, however, diminished with increasing follow-up. The percentage of women with glandular or dense parenchymal features decreased as age, body weight, and parity increased. The percentage with glandular or dense features increased as height increased, and the percentage decreased with menopause. Mammographic parenchymal features were not associated with age at birth of first child. PMID- 3255295 TI - The CAGE questionnaire and psychological health. PMID- 3255296 TI - [Turner's syndrome associated with myxoid degeneration of the mitral and aortic valve, long Q-T and hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3255297 TI - Disposable contact lenses: the jury is out. PMID- 3255298 TI - Metallothionein induction by sodium selenite at two different ambient temperatures in mice. AB - The induction of metallothionein (MT) synthesis by sodium selenite was investigated in mice with regard to the hypothermic response known to be caused by sodium selenite. Mice received a subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite at two doses (20 and 45 mumol/kg) under two ambient temperature (22 and 33 degrees C) conditions. Hepatic MT concentration was significantly increased by an injection of sodium selenite compared to the control, whereas no significant effect of ambient temperature was observed. The distribution of radiolabeled selenium was examined in vivo and in vitro. When sodium selenite was injected into mice, radiolabeled selenium was mostly eluted in a fraction larger in molecular weight than MT and was not found in a fraction corresponding to MT. When sodium selenite was added to the hepatic supernatant of the mice that had been injected with zinc sulfate, zinc in zinc-thionein was not displaced by radiolabeled selenium. PMID- 3255299 TI - The consistency of theophylline absorption from a sustained-release formulation in asthmatic children. AB - Theophylline absorption was studied in asthmatic children ages 2-7 years. A bead filled capsule of sustained-release theophylline (Slo-Bid, William H. Rorer, Inc., Fort Washington, PA) was administered in equal doses twice daily (8 AM and 8 PM) to produce serum theophylline concentrations (STCs) between 10 and 20 micrograms ml. After 7 days, blood samples were obtained every 2 hours for 24 hours. This sequence was repeated after another seven days of treatment. Elimination values were calculated after an intravenous reference dose. Slo-Bid was completely absorbed (mean +/- SD percentage of dose absorbed of 117.1 +/- 26.1 on day 1, and 104.8 +/- 16.1% on day 2), and the pattern of absorption was consistent from day to day, with maximum STCs occurring 2-6 hours after the dose, and minimum STCs at or near the time of PM dose. The percentage of fluctuation of 149.7 +/- 49.7% and 163.0 +/- 114.0% (mean +/- SD) on days 1 and 2, respectively, was slightly higher than desired, but probably was a result of rapid theophylline clearance in this group of children (119.9 +/- 25.8 ml/hr/kg). Mean residence time for absorption after AM and PM doses indicated significantly longer time for absorption (ta) after the PM doses: mean +/- SEM ta for AM doses on days 1 and 2 was 2.8 +/- 0.3 and 2.7 +/- 0.2 hours, respectively, and increased to 3.9 +/- 0.3 and 3.7 +/- 0.5 hours after PM doses on days 1 and 2, respectively (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3255300 TI - [Dead Loa loa filaria in a subconjunctival site. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of a dead adult Loa loa filarial worm, in a subconjunctival position, but well recognisable. This manifestation, with no notable functional consequence, had never been previously reported. PMID- 3255301 TI - [A case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with diffuse cortical damage after head injury]. PMID- 3255302 TI - [Effect of adenosine-5'-O-(beta, gamma-dichloromethane)triphosphate on ATP activated currents in sensory neurons in rats]. AB - The action of beta,gamma-dihalogenmethane derivatives of ATP on ATP receptors has been studied in the sensory neurons of rats. beta,gamma-Dichloromethane-ATP and beta,gamma-dibromomethane-ATP are competitive blockers and beta,gamma difluoromethane-ATP is a partial agonist of ATP receptors. At present, beta,gamma dichloromethane-ATP is the most efficient of the known competitive blockers of these receptors (Ki = 2.10(-5) M). The data obtained confirm that beta- and gamma phosphates of ATP play an important role in the activation of ATP receptors. PMID- 3255303 TI - FK 482, a new orally active cephalosporin synthesis and biological properties. PMID- 3255304 TI - Kinetic rate assay of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase with 2-chloro-4 nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide as substrate. AB - In this new procedure for determining the activity of N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30; NAG) in urine, a new synthetic substrate, 2-chloro 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide is used. No sample blank is required because the activity is determined kinetically. Very high precision is possible, with CVs of less than 3.8% both within-run and between-run. Glucose, ascorbic acid, bilirubin, bromosulfonphthalein, and phenosulfonphthalein do not interfere. The reference interval (mean +/- 2 SD) for healthy subjects was 1.9-11.1 U per gram of creatinine. NAG activity can be determined over a wide range (2-500 U/L) with high sensitivity. The method is suitable for use with various automated analyzers, and it should be useful for screening for renal diseases. PMID- 3255305 TI - Metabolic products of microorganisms. 246. 2880-II, a metabolite related to ferulic acid from Streptomyces griseoflavus. PMID- 3255307 TI - Clinical applications of cytometry. First annual meeting. Charleston, South Carolina, September 30-October 3, 1986. Proceedings. PMID- 3255306 TI - Structures of duocarmycins, novel antitumor antibiotics produced by Streptomyces sp. PMID- 3255309 TI - Between the idea and the reality falls the shadow: clinical flow cytometry comes of age? PMID- 3255308 TI - Workshop on flow cytometry methodologies. PMID- 3255310 TI - Interlaboratory comparison of flow cytometric lymphocyte phenotyping analyses: implications for standardization and quality control. PMID- 3255311 TI - Fluorescence-activated flow cytometry in the hematology clinical laboratory. PMID- 3255312 TI - Characterization and in vitro expression of the cytochrome b-559 genes of barley. II. In vitro transcription and translation. AB - The two cytochrome b-559 apoproteins of 9.4 kD and 4.5 kD molecular weight have been expressed in vitro using DNA templates containing either the two genes psbE and psbF in tandem or the individual genes. Transcription with E. coli RNA polymerase or SP6 RNA-polymerase has been followed by translation in E. coli derived lysates. Simultaneous as well as independent synthesis of the apoproteins is possible. A 9.4 kD in vitro translation product has been identified as apoprotein I by immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody specific for the C terminal part of the 9.4 kD apoprotein of cytochrome b-559. The isolated psbF gene directs the synthesis of a translation product with a molecular weight of 4.5 kD corresponding to apoprotein II. Expression of the psbE gene requires the presence of endogenous regulatory sequences 5' upstream of psbE, while this is not the case for psbF. Additional in vitro translation products of 5.7 and 2.4 kD molecular weights are synthesized and probably translated from two reading frames starting with two different out-of-phase ATG codons in the nucleotide sequence of the psbE gene. PMID- 3255313 TI - Primary structure of a C-hordein gene from barley. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a 2065 base pair HindIII fragment, containing a gene (lambda hor1-14) belonging to the Hor1 locus in barley, has been determined. The fragment consists of 1044 bp of coding region interrupted by an amber codon at base 481, a 5' non-coding region of 428 bp and a 3' non-coding region with 593 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein (327 amino acids) is characterized by an octapeptide motif PQQPFPQQ which is repeated throughout the peptide chain between a unique 12 amino acid long NH2-terminal and an equally unique 10 amino acid long COOH-terminal end. The proline + glutamine content is 62% and the next three most abundant amino acids are leucine (9%), phenylalanine (8%) and isoleucine (3%). In the 5' non-coding region there is a TATA box at -98 bp from the start methionine. The 3' non-coding region has a polyadenylation signal 76 bp downstream from the TAA stop codon. The deduced amino acid sequences of the NH2- and COOH-terminals of lambda hor1-14 are very similar but not identical to those known from the Edman degradation and carboxypeptidase Y analysis of C-hordein polypeptides. The 3' coding and non-coding region of lambda hor1-14 is closely similar but different in detail to the known C-hordein cDNA clones. One polyadenylation signal is found in lambda hor1-14 whereas two are present in each of the three known C-hordein cDNAs. These differences and the amber codon interrupting the open reading frame indicate that this gene is silent. PMID- 3255314 TI - Chemical modifications of a cysteinyl residue introduced in the binding site of carboxypeptidase Y by site-directed mutagenesis. AB - It is demonstrated that site-directed mutagenesis successfully can be combined with chemical modification creating enzyme derivatives with altered properties. A methionyl residue located in the S1' binding site of carboxypeptidase Y was replaced by a cysteinyl residue and the mutant enzyme was isolated and modified with various alkylating and thioalkylating reagents. Treatment of the mutant carboxypeptidase Y with bulky reagents like phenacyl bromide and benzyl methanethiolsulfonate caused a drastic reduction in the activity towards substrates with bulky leaving groups in the P1' position, i.e. -OBzl, -Val-NH2 and amino acids (except -Gly-OH), while substrates with small groups in that position, i.e. -OMe and -NH2, were hydrolysed with increased rates. The presence of a positive charge, in addition to a bulky group, had a further adverse effect on the activity towards substrates with large leaving groups, whereas the activity towards those with small leaving groups remained unaffected by such a group. The derivatives obtained by modification of the mutant enzyme with benzyl methanethiolsulfonate and methyl methanethiolsulfonate were effective in deamidations of peptide amides and peptide synthesis reactions, respectively. PMID- 3255315 TI - Novel 'soft' anticholinergic agents. AB - The concepts involved in the design of 'soft' drugs (drugs which, after achieving their therapeutic role, are metabolised in a predictable manner and at a controlled rate to non-toxic moieties) have been further applied in the case of atropine. Selected aliphatic and cycloaliphatic esters of a hypothetical, inactive acidic metabolite of atropine were designed and found to have atropine like activity, and to revert to the inactive metabolite in rat liver homogenates. Peak anticholinergic activity, measured by the degree of antagonism of carbachol induced spasms of guinea pig ileum strips, was observed when the esters contained a quaternary group. The in vitro stability of the esters was determined in human plasma, in pH 12 buffer solution, and in rat liver homogenate; the fastest rate of hydrolysis occurred in rat liver homogenate, and least sterically hindered esters degraded more rapidly than hindered esters. Synthesis of the esters was achieved in two stages. Phenylmalonic acid and the appropriate alcohol gave phenylmalonic acid monoesters, which, after reaction with tropine, afforded the required diesters. The tertiary amine group on the tropine moiety of the diesters then allowed the preparation of quaternary derivatives. PMID- 3255316 TI - Synthesis and aromatase inhibiting activity of aminoglutethimide analogs. AB - Two types of aminoglutethimide analogs have been prepared. In one, the basic amino group was converted to the corresponding urea or thiourea derivatives, and in the other, the basic amino group was retained but relocated at different positions on an additional phenyl ring. None of the urea or thiourea analogs showed human placental aromatase inhibitory activity. However, analogs of the second type showed aromatase inhibitory activity, and some were as active as the parent drug. Our results show the importance of the primary amino moiety in the inhibition of aromatase activity. The structure-activity relationships of these analogs are discussed. PMID- 3255317 TI - Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 1-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)-2-pyridones. AB - 1-(3-Oxoprop-1-enyl) derivatives of nuclear substituted 2-pyridones (7a-i), 2 pyridinethione (7j), 1-isoquinolone (9), and the 1,4-dihydropyridine (11) have been synthesized and tested for biological activity. The 2-pyridones (7) and the 1-isoquinolone (9) were all active cytotoxic agents as determined in the in vitro L1210 screen, exhibiting activity in the ED50 0.5-3.5 micrograms/ml range. The nature and position of nuclear substituents present in 7 and 9 did not alter activity significantly. The unsubstituted (7a) and 5-ethoxycarbonyl-2-pyridones (7g), and the 1-isoquinolone derivative (9) were active antineoplastic agents (%T/C = 133-135) in vivo exhibiting activity comparable to 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 3255318 TI - Effect of cyclohexanone derivatives on percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen and indomethacin. AB - The promoting effect of cyclohexanone derivatives on the percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen and indomethacin from gel ointments was investigated in rats. Drug absorption was markedly enhanced by the addition of 2-tert-butylcyclohexanone. Promoting activities of 2,6-dimethyl and 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone were also observed, but their effects were significantly lower than that of the 2-tert butyl derivative. The effect of side chain length at the 2-position of the cyclohexanone ring on the percutaneous absorption of these drugs was determined similarly using a series of 2-n-alkylcyclohexanones. Pronounced effects were observed in the case of 2-n-octylcyclohexanone, suggesting that a chain length of eight carbons is an important factor for absorption enhancement in this series. The extent of absorption enhancement was found to be an almost linear function of 2-n-octycyclohexanone concentrations in the range from 0 to 10%. PMID- 3255319 TI - Molecular requirements for antimuscarinic activity in 1,3-oxathiolanes. AB - To study the dimensional and steric requirements of the lipophilic pocket involved in the interaction of the muscarinic receptor with antagonists, we synthetized ten 1,3-oxathiolane derivatives (Scheme 2, compounds 9-18). The pharmacological results show that specific chemical modifications have different effects in the 1,3-oxathiolane series in comparison with the choline diphenylacetic acid esters series, indicating that the two series have different structure-activity relationships. Apart from postulating different binding sites for the two series, such differences can be explained by differences in the ability of the compounds to adopt proper conformations for optimum receptor interaction. PMID- 3255321 TI - Drug input rate from the GI-tract. Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the bioavailability of slow release verapamil and nifedipine. AB - We present evidence, from studies with slow release verapamil and nifedipine, for Michaelis-Menten metabolism during first pass through the liver. Drug input rate from the GI-tract after an oral dose appears to be a determinant of bioavailability. Highest oral bioavailabilities are observed with standard release formulations at high dosage. The bioavailability of slow release formulations with a zero order release kinetic is lower than standard release formulations and related to the dissolution rate in vitro. In addition, (a) the presence of non-linear absorption kinetics offers a further explanation for the considerable inter-patient variability in AUC since the ability of drug to cross the liver is a function of the concentrations attained in portal blood which will be dependent on dissolution conditions prevailing in the GI-tract, (b) depending on the choice of the dose and dosage interval of the conventional release formulation used for comparison and as a consequence of Michaelis-Menten first pass metabolism it is possible to obtain relative bioavailability data showing superiority, equivalence or bioavailability loss with the slow release form. This may explain the discrepancies in bioavailability data for slow release drugs reported in the literature, (c) 'true' estimates of relative bioavailability of a slow release formulation can only be achieved if steady state conditions are present, and the dose and dosage interval of the slow and conventional release formulation are the same, (d) since a slower dissolution rate is 'ipso facto' associated with a lower bioavailability, slow release formulations of verapamil and nifedipine cannot be classified as being 'inferior' or of poorer quality on the basis of bioavailability alone. PMID- 3255320 TI - Brain-enhanced delivery of testosterone using a chemical delivery system complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. AB - Enhanced brain delivery of testosterone was suggested by application of a dihydropyridine in equilibrium pyridinium salt redox system. The drug delivery method is based upon the NAD+ in equilibrium NADH coenzyme system and utilizes the covalent attachment of testosterone to a dihydropyridine-type carrier. Upon administration of two such testosterone chemical delivery systems (T-CDS1 or T CDS2), serum LH levels were suppressed by 71-87% after 24 hours and maintained through 5 days (28%) with T-CDS1. An equimolar dose of testosterone or testosterone propionate failed to suppress serum LH. Peripheral testosterone target tissues (seminal vesicles and prostate gland) were only slightly stimulated by T-CDS1. Complexation of T-CDS1 with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta cyclodextrin allowed a lowering of the effective LH-suppressing dose of T-CDS1 from 25 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, presumably by increasing the solubility of T-CDS1 in the blood. These findings suggest that testosterone can be effectively delivered to the central nervous system (CNS) with minimal peripheral effect, and the delivery of T-CDS1 to the CNS can be improved via complexation with 2 hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. PMID- 3255323 TI - Synthesis and antinociceptive activity of 7-aryloxysulfonyl piperidines. AB - Compounds having structural relationships with meperidine (14) were synthesised and examined for antinociceptive activity (rat writhing test). The compounds comprised a group of 7-aryloxysulfonyl-2,7-diazabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-enes (8), 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridylidene- (9) and piperidylidene-2-aryloxysulfonamides (10) bearing N-substituents (R1 = H,Me,8-10), 3-substituents (R2 = Me, n-Bu, Ph, 8) and 6-substituents (R2 = H, Me, n-Bu, Ph, 9-10). The relative order of potency in the test was generally 10 greater than 9 greater than 8. Replacement of the R2 hydrogen substituent of 8-10d-g by a Me, n-Bu or Ph substituent generally enhanced activity. 1-Methyl-6-phenylpiperidylidene-2-phenoxysulfonamide (10g) was the most active antinociceptive agent in the series, providing 79.6% inhibition of writhing after a 50 mg kg sc dose. PMID- 3255322 TI - Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals. VI. Oxaprozin nasal spray. AB - Many nasal sprays used in the treatment of rhinitis contain a steroidal agent, giving rise to fear of side effects when they are used frequently and continually. Accordingly, we undertook the development of a nasal spray containing oxaprozin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Suitable discharge pressure and surfactants were determined by applying trial aerosols to human subjects in "feeling" tests to assess approval rating. Other tests showed that about 80% of the expelled oxaprozin was released into the nasal cavity, and that the chosen formulation caused only a low level of irritation to the nasal mucosa. Most of the aerosol particles were found to adhere to Kiesselbach's area and the frontal region of the inferior concha, which are the major areas where inflammation and nasal haemorrhage occur. When the nasal spray was administered to 50 patients, a sufficient therapeutic effect was achieved, especially in the treatment of nasal haemorrhage, and side effects have not yet been detected. PMID- 3255325 TI - The development of an assay for determination of monooxygenase of human foetal livers based on rate of decrease in substrate concentration. AB - A simple monooxygenase assay based on the rate of decrease in the concentration of the substrate "supona' [2-chloro-1(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl diethyl phosphate] (1) was investigated spectrophotometrically at E246nm in the presence of oxygen and NADPH without the enzyme. The assay was found reliable for incubations at 37 degrees C for periods up to 10 minutes. Incubations in excess of 10 minutes were unreliable due to an unexpected increase in E246nm. Mechanisms of hydrolysis (Scheme 1) and of reduction (Scheme 2) of the substrate were considered, and it was concluded that hydrolysis is the cause of the increase. Using 5 and 10 minute incubations, specific activity values for monooxygenase in 13 and 16 week old human foetuses were determined as 6.47 +/- 0.84 and 5.26 +/- 0.46, respectively; no monooxygenase could be detected in 24 week old foetuses. PMID- 3255324 TI - Optical isomers of some piperidine-derived hemicholinium congeners containing secondary alcohol groups: preparation and biological activities. AB - Previous publications on the title compounds, 1 and 2 ('A-4' and 'A-5'), reported pharmacological data on what were probably mixtures of optical isomers of unknown composition. The compounds can exist as an enantiomeric pair as well as a diastereomeric meso isomer. In the present work, all possible stereoisomers (meso and dextrorotatory and levorotatory isomers) of the piperidine derivatives 'A-4' and 'A-5' have been isolated, identified, and characterized, and pharmacological data have been obtained on all products. In all of the bioassays conducted, optical isomers of each structure exhibited similar qualitative and quantitative effects. We conclude that the stereochemical nature of the chiral centers bearing secondary alcohol groups in these molecules does not play a critical role in interactions with in vivo receptors, and therefore that the alcohol groups in 'A 4' and 'A-5' are not prime sites of interaction(s) with receptor(s). PMID- 3255326 TI - Preparation and evaluation of bovine serum albumin nanospheres coated with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Bovine serum albumin nanospheres (BSA-NS), prepared with glutaraldehyde cross linking and ultrasonication, were coated with antibodies by covalent linkage (Schiff's base formation) of aldehyde groups at the surface of the nanospheres with amino groups of the antibody. The coating was confirmed using Fluorescein isothiocyanate which conjugates with antibodies and also by the antigen-antibody interaction using Sepharose beads. Rapid in vitro degradation of BSA-NS was first confirmed by incubating a radioactive nanosphere suspension at 37 degrees C in 0.25 M sucrose solution with 1% liver or lung extract. The radioactive compound conjugated BSA-NS suspension was then administered to mice intravenously, and tissue distribution of BSA-NS was examined using whole body autoradiography; the BSA-NS were found to be localized mainly in the liver, the lungs and the kidneys and 4 hr and 24 hr after injection, almost all radioactivity had disappeared except for that in the kidneys. The binding ratio of monoclonal antibodies to tumor cells in vitro was found to be 2-2.5 times greater than that of control antibodies (mouse IgG) by means of a gamma ray counter. An in vivo binding test showed that monoclonal antibodies might recognize the target organ (Lewis lung carcinoma). Applying these findings, BSA-NS coated with monoclonal antibodies were found to be trapped in the tumoral tissue of Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice more than in controls (BSA-NS coated with mouse IgG) at 24 hr after the injection. Thus, BSA-NS offer potential as useful drug carriers enabling concentration of drugs at specific target sites. Furthermore, their rapid elimination from the body and their degradability suggest that side effects due to long-lasting accumulation in several organs may be avoided. PMID- 3255327 TI - Modelling the interaction of cisplatin with DNA. AB - Molecular mechanics modelling of the interaction of the anti-cancer drug cisplatin (cis-[Pt(NH3)Cl2]) and its congeners with adjacent purines of double stranded DNA fragments is described. When the cis-Pt(NH3)2 moiety binds to the N7 atoms of adjacent guanine residues, two hydrogen bonds form between the ammine ligands and the DNA. One is to a phosphate oxygen on the 5' side of the GpG pair, and the other is to the O6 atom of the guanine on the 3' side. The observation of these two hydrogen bonds can be correlated with the inactivity of cisplatin congeners lacking ammine hydrogen atoms. When, in the binding, the ammine ligands are replaced by chiral bidentate ligands, such as R,R- or S,S-cyclohexane-1,2 diamine, the calculations predict a chiral discrimination of the order of 10 kJ mol-1. To investigate why cisplatin binds to ApG sequences but not to GpA sequences of DNA, the interaction of cisplatin with d(GpApG):d(CpTpC) and d(GpGpA):d(TpCpC) sequences was modelled. The calculations indicate that, in the former case, both of the hydrogen bonds are able to form, but that, in the latter case, the second of the hydrogen bonds is replaced by a highly unfavourable interaction between ligand NH3 and adenine NH2 groups. Thus an explanation of the differential binding to ApG and GpA sequences is provided. PMID- 3255328 TI - NMR and molecular orbital studies of isomerism and tautomerism in oximes of 2 acyl cyclic 1,3-diones. AB - Molecular orbital calculations and 13C and 15N NMR experiments have been performed on the O-methyl oximes of two types of 2-acyl cyclic 1,3-diones. One (III; X = CH2) was based on cyclohexane, and the other (X = O) on pyran. The data indicate that both the cyclohexane and pyran compounds prefer to exist as the oxime, rather than the enamine isomer. Two equivalent, interconverting, keto-enol tautomers exist in the cyclohexane compound. The pyran compound exists as the lactone-enol tautomer. Our results have implications in the design of herbicidal compounds and drugs containing similar tautomeric systems. PMID- 3255329 TI - QSAR studies of hydrazone uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. AB - Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations have been performed on a series of hydrazone uncouplers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation which show insecticidal activity. Regression analysis yielded significant correlations between uncoupling activity, insecticidal potency and such physicochemical or theoretically-derived parameters as lipophilicity, pKa and atom charges. PMID- 3255330 TI - Synthesis of arylnaphthalenyl derivatives: inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase. AB - Trans-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-[1-aryl-7-naphthalenyl]-2H-pyran-2-ones of general structure 4 were prepared and tested for inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in vitro. In contrast to previously described biphenyl lactones (2) containing an ethenyl linkage, linkage of the pyranone ring to the aryl moiety in these compounds is via a rigid aromatic ring system, which still allows free rotation of the aryl rings. The imposed conformational constraint is compatible with activity, since members of the series had activity in range 1-20 microM (IC50 values). PMID- 3255331 TI - Tricyclic fluoroquinolones as potential antimicrobial agents. PMID- 3255332 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the delivery of a paramagnetic contrast agent by an osmotic pump. AB - The successful application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in verifying the in vitro delivery action of an osmotically-driven pump (Alzet 2ML1) is described. MRI detection of drugs commonly used with such pumps is not yet possible because of the low signal intensity of present MR techniques. So we employed a paramagnetic contrast agent (gadolinium diethylene triamine penta acetic acid) of molecular weight comparable to commonly used drugs, and solutions of comparable concentration and viscosity. The study highlights the potential of this approach in the evaluation of in vivo drug delivery systems. PMID- 3255333 TI - Glycyrrhizin gel as vehicle for idoxuridine topical preparation: skin permeation behaviour. AB - The in vitro skin permeation behaviour of idoxuridine (IDU) from a new preparation containing glycyrrhizin gel as carrier was tested and compared with that from a commercial IDU ointment (Virusan) at two temperatures on intact and stripped skin. At 34 degrees C the normalized flux (Fn) values were six times higher for the IDU glycyrrhizin gel than for Virusan when tested on intact hairless mouse skin. At 25 degrees C, Fn values were 22 and 25 times greater for the gel formulation using intact and stripped skin, respectively. These in vitro results, showing that IDU penetrates the skin more effectively when incorporated in the glycyrrhizin gel than in the ointment, correlate well with the previously reported efficacy of the gel tested in vivo. PMID- 3255334 TI - Conformational analysis of optically active phenylethylamines and phenylimidazolines. AB - Conformational and structural features of phenethylamine and phenylimidazoline derivatives with alpha-adrenergic activity have been studied by MNDO and PCILO methods. From the calculated conformational energy maps, we conclude that phenethylamines exhibit an extended conformation, while the phenylimidazolines adopt a position intermediate between that of corresponding extended and folded conformations. We conclude that the phenethylamines interact with classical Easson-Stedman sites, while the phenylimidazolines interact with a different site. Both phenethylamines and phenylimidazolines show similar requirements for a cationic recognition site. PMID- 3255335 TI - Synthesis and calcium channel antagonist activity of nifedipine analogues containing 1-oxido-2-pyridyl in place of the 2-nitrophenyl moiety. AB - Analogues (5) of nifedipine (1a), in which the 2-nitrophenyl at position 4 is replaced by 1-oxido-2-pyridyl, were synthesized and evaluated as calcium channel antagonists using the muscarinic receptor-mediated Ca2+-dependent contraction of guinea pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle. The replacement resulted in a significant loss of activity. In the case of the symmetrical dialkyl esters (5a e), activity was enhanced by increasing the size of the alkyl ester substituents, the relative order of potency being i-Bu congruent to t-Bu greater than i-Pr greater than Et and Me. Our results show that the 1-oxido-2-pyridyl substituent is not a useful isostere of the 2-nitrophenyl moiety of nifedipine. In the synthetic work, Hantzsch condensation of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 1-oxide (4) with equimolar quantities of alkyl acetoacetates (2) and alkyl 3-aminocrotonates (3) afforded dialkyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(1-oxido-2-pyridyl)-3,5 pyridinedicarboxylate s (5). PMID- 3255336 TI - Back to the future of Immunology Today. PMID- 3255337 TI - Multiple mechanisms of lymphocyte-mediated killing. PMID- 3255338 TI - Mechanisms of self-tolerance. PMID- 3255339 TI - Human tumor antigens and specific tumor therapy. PMID- 3255340 TI - Lymphokine nomenclature. PMID- 3255341 TI - Purification of haemopoietic stem cells--the end of the road? PMID- 3255342 TI - The structure and function of Fc receptors. PMID- 3255343 TI - The true function of the thymus? PMID- 3255344 TI - Immunology in Italy. PMID- 3255345 TI - Cell activation and signal initiation. PMID- 3255346 TI - Trauma and the immune response. PMID- 3255347 TI - Is HLA class II allogenotyping universally applicable? PMID- 3255348 TI - 7-methylpterin derivatives in extracts of methanogens characterized by a relatively low methanopterin content. AB - Cofactor extracts of five hydrogenotrophic methanogenic bacteria which contain relatively low amounts of methanopterin were screened for the presence of 7 methylpterin derivatives. Extracts of Methanospirillum hungatei, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanoplanus endosymbiosus were found to contain 7-methylpterin and methanopterin. These compounds were absent in extracts of Methanogenium thermophilicum and Methanogenium tatii. An unidentified methanopterin-like compound was detected in extracts of these two species and of Msp. hungatei, while a 7-methylpterin-like compound was found in extracts of Mp. endosymbiosus. A possible physiological role of the latter two compounds is discussed. PMID- 3255349 TI - Synthesis of menaquinone-2 derivatives as substrates for the liver microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. AB - The rat liver microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of glutamyl to gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues in the presence of reduced vitamin K, O2 and CO2. The specificity of the enzyme for the vitamin substrate has been probed by the synthesis of a number of menaquinone-2 (2-methyl 3-geranyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) derivatives. The 2-des-methyl and 2-ethyl-MK-2 derivatives had very low activity as substrates. The 6- or 7-methyl-MK-2 derivatives and (6,7)-chloro-MK-2 were relatively high Vmax substrates with Km values increased over that seen for K-2. The 5- or 8-methyl-MK-2 derivatives were low Vmax substrates but also demonstrated low Km values. Although these observations suggested that 5-methyl-MK-2 might be a competitive inhibitor of the carboxylation reaction, it was not an effective inhibitor of either phylloquinone or 6-methyl-MK-2-dependent carboxylation. PMID- 3255350 TI - Significance of biological parameters of human blood levels of CoQ10. AB - Ninety-one men and 143 women who were so-called normal subjects were tested for cardiac performance at rest and their blood levels of co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) were determined. In males, a negative relationship between progression of age and cardiac performance, and a positive relationship between progression of age and blood levels of CoQ10 were revealed. In females, a positive relationship between age and blood levels of CoQ10 was found. The mean CoQ10 blood level for both sexes was the same (0.79 +/- 0.20 micrograms/ml for males and 0.79 +/- 0.23 for females). Cardiac performance declines with age in the male population. A decreased biosynthesis and/or incorporation of CoQ10 into mitochondrial structures of muscle cells may occur with age in a normal population. PMID- 3255351 TI - Trimethylamine oxidation in liver tissue is not catalyzed by a molybdenum cofactor-dependent enzyme. AB - The oxidation of trimethylamine to trimethylamine N-oxide in animals is catalyzed by an enzyme which has not yet been fully characterized. The discovery that a bacterial enzyme catalyzing the reverse reaction, the reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide to trimethylamine, utilizes the molybdenum cofactor to carry out this function raised the possibility that trimethylamine oxidation may also be dependent on this cofactor. It was found, however, that liver tissue from tungsten-treated rats contained normal levels of trimethylamine oxidase. In addition, analysis of a urine sample from a patient with trimethylamine oxidase deficiency revealed the presence of normal levels of urothione, the degradation product of the molybdenum cofactor. These results suggest that trimethylamine oxidase is not a molybdoenzyme and that oxidation of trimethylamine proceeds by a mechanism which differs considerably from a simple reversal of trimethylamine N oxide reduction. PMID- 3255352 TI - A superior analysis of coenzyme Q10 in blood of humans, rabbits and rats for research. AB - The quantitative analysis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in samples of whole human blood has been refined to allow a 2- to 3-fold increase in the number of analyses per day, and reduction of cost to approximately 15% of the previous cost. The method is simple yet maintains reliability. The standard error was 0.2% (n = 6). The variation in blood levels of CoQ10 for human subjects for each of three months was approximately 5% in comparison with the control value (n = 5). For 30 human males, of 18-50 years (26 +/- 6) in age, and for 30 human females, of 18-50 years (26 +/- 9), the mean blood level of CoQ10 was 0.71 +/- 0.13 microgram/ml and 0.70 +/- 0.18 microgram/ml respectively. The mean blood levels of CoQ10 of rabbits (n = 28) was 0.29 +/- 0.07 micrograms/ml, and that for rats (n = 29) was 0.23 +/- 0.03 micrograms/ml. PMID- 3255353 TI - Protein factors in extracts of ribosomes isolated from L-929 cells during various phases of the cell cycle. AB - Centrifugal elutriation has been utilized in order to separate cultures of L-929 fibroblasts into subpopulations containing cells at different stages of the cell cycle. The subpopulations were characterized by Coulter counter volume determination, [3H]thymidine label into DNA and flow cytometry. When a population of early G1 cells was returned to roller culture it was shown to progress through the cell cycle in a synchronous manner. Ribosomal factor extracts were prepared from cells at various phases during the cell cycle. The amounts of protein in the extracts varied greatly, being lowest in early G1 phase and showing a peak during S phase. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that there were differences in the protein species present in the extracts. Some proteins were present in the same amounts throughout the cell cycle, whereas others appeared to show a form of cyclical behaviour. PMID- 3255354 TI - A growth-promoting ribosome extract (GPRE) from mouse L-929 cells stimulates growth of the HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line. AB - An extract termed growth-promoting ribosome extract (GPRE), isolated from mouse L 929 cells stimulates growth of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. The stimulation first becomes apparent at 72 h when the cells start to enter the quiescent state. The inhibition of protein synthesis by the addition of cycloheximide to L-929 cells before ribosomal extracts were prepared did not alter the stimulatory effect of GPRE. When GPRE was added together with 20% fetal calf serum to cultures of quiescent HL-60 cells, growth was stimulated to the extent that the generation time was reduced by approximately 9 h to 32.4 h. GPRE alone was unable to stimulate the quiescent cells. The growth stimulatory effect was not restricted to one cell generation but was a characteristic of at least the following two cell cycles. GPRE extract from L-cells synchronized by centrifugal elutriation was most efficient when isolated from cells in early G1 phase, while extract from S phase cells had virtually no effect. It is tentatively suggested that the factor belongs to the competence/progression group of growth factors. PMID- 3255355 TI - Effect of plasma biotinyl-peptides on biotinidase activity. AB - Purified biotinidase (enriched 24,000-fold) from fresh human plasma exhibited reduced catalytic activity when incubated with heat-inactivated dialyzed plasma. The polypeptide fractions separated from the heat-inactivated dialyzed plasma using streptavidin-Sepharose resin showed the same effect on purified biotinidase. These inhibitory effects on biotinidase were partial (25-45%) rather than complete. The polypeptide fraction from streptavidin-Sepharose resin was analyzed by SDS-PAGE in the Laemmli system and by various types of HPLC. Analyses by ion-exchange and reversed-phase HPLC revealed the existence of three relatively small mol. wt polypeptides. Each of these peak fractions exhibited similar inhibitory effects on biotinidase activity. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the streptavidin affinity resin fraction was composed of four major polypeptides whose mol. wts were 120,000, 76,000, 53,000 and 27,000. The two bands of 120,000 and 76,000 corresponded to the mol. wts of the biotinyl subunit of pyruvate carboxylase, beta-methyl-crotonyl-CoA and/or propionyl-CoA carboxylase respectively. However, the polypeptides of mol. wts 53,000 and 27,000 were found to be two unique biotinyl-peptides present in human plasma. These bands on the gels were transblotted and exhibited a fluorescent activity after incubated with a FITC-avidin. These findings strongly suggest the existence of circulating plasma biotinyl-polypeptides as inhibitory factor(s) on human plasma biotinidase. PMID- 3255356 TI - The inhibitory effect of oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to different fragments of tRNA structure on the enzymatic binding of Phe-tRNA to poly-U programmed eukaryotic ribosomes. AB - The effect of several oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to the fragments of yellow lupin tRNA(Phe) was tested in the aminoacylation of tRNA(Phe) and in the binding of Phe-tRNA(Phe) to poly-U-programmed eukaryotic ribosomes. Oligonucleotides tested in the aminoacylation test did not give any inhibition. Monomers and dimers did not have any significant influence on the binding assay, either. A different percentage of inhibition of the binding of Phe-tRNA to ribosomes has been observed for oligonucleotides. Heptamer complementary to the anticodon loop gave 100% inhibition of the binding reaction. However, the oligonucleotides complementary to both the anticodon loop and stem and longer than the heptamer were much less effective inhibitors. A high inhibitory effect was also observed for trimers and for the decamer complementary to the D-loop and CCA-end. PMID- 3255357 TI - Gene for selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase maps to human chromosomes 3, 21 and X. AB - A human glutathione peroxidase cDNA has been used as a probe to hybridize to DNAs isolated from human - rodent somatic cell hybrids that have segregated human chromosomes. A 609 bp probe which contains the entire coding region hybridizes to human chromosomes 3, 21 and Xp. Fragments of the cDNA coding sequence and of the 3' untranslated region were also used as probes. These fragments hybridized to each of the three chromosomes with the same efficiency, suggesting similarity between the loci, whereas an intronic probe detected only the gene on chromosome 3. The general organization of each gene was determined from the hybridization data. The data suggest that the locus on chromosome 3 is a functional gene containing a single intron and a pattern of restriction sites identical to those found in the cDNA coding sequence. The data also suggest that the sequences on chromosomes X and 21 have equal conservation of the 3' untranslated and coding sequences but do not contain introns, providing evidence that the latter two sequences are processed pseudogenes. A simple two allele polymorphism in PvuII digests was detected at the locus on chromosome 21. PMID- 3255358 TI - Selenium-dependent glycine reductase: differences in physicochemical properties and biological activities of selenoprotein A components isolated from Clostridium sticklandii and Clostridium purinolyticum. AB - The selenoprotein A component of the glycine reductase complex of Clostridium sticklandii was shown to differ in certain properties from the selenoprotein A produced by a purine-fermenting organism, Clostridium purinolyticum. Both proteins contain one selenocysteine and two cysteine residues. PMID- 3255359 TI - A modified determination of coenzyme Q10 in human blood and CoQ10 blood levels in diverse patients with allergies. AB - Two situations required a modified determination of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in human blood and organ tissue. Blood from patients with AIDS and cancer raised apprehensions about safety to an analyst, and the number of specimens for analysis is increasing enormously. A modified determination replaces silica gel TLC with disposable Florisil columns, and steps were simplified to allow more analyses per unit time. Data from the modified determination are quantitatively compatible with data from older and tedious procedures. This determination was used for blood from 36 diverse patients with allergies. The mean CoQ10 blood level of these patients is not different from the mean level of so-called normal individuals, but approximately 40% (14/36) of these allergic patients had levels up to 0.65 micrograms/ml, which is the level of dying class IV cardiac patients. The biosynthesis of CoQ10 in human tissues is a complex process that requires several vitamins and micronutrients, so that countless vitamin-unsupplemented Americans may be deficient in CoQ10. The relationship of allergies to autoimmune mechanisms and immunity, and the established relationship of CoQ10 to immune states, may be a rationale for therapeutic trials of administering CoQ10 to patients with allergies who have low CoQ10 blood levels and are very likely deficient. PMID- 3255360 TI - Arginine vasotocin binding to isolated branchial cells of the eel: effect of salinity. AB - Binding of 125I-labelled arginine vasotocin (AVT) was studied in isolated intact gill cells obtained from eels (Anguilla anguilla) adapted to fresh water (FW) or to sea water (SW). Experiments carried out at 20 degrees C showed maximum and stable binding beyond 10 min of incubation. Specific binding, determined by using labelled peptide in the presence or absence of an excess of unlabelled hormone, represented 30-50% of total and was reversible, with a half-time of less than 5 min. Scatchard plot analysis revealed the presence of a single population of saturable, high-affinity sites. Maximum binding capacity (Bmax: fmol AVT/10(6) cells) and dissociation constant (Kd: nM) were respectively 5.16 and 3.21 in FW and 24.25 and 1.05 in SW. Analysis of chloride cell number and size in gills and of binding characteristics of AVT revealed parallel changes with external salinity. These results are taken as evidence for the direct intervention of neurohypophysial peptides on the gill epithelium of teleost fishes. PMID- 3255361 TI - Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA levels fall in the fetal sheep pituitary before birth. AB - In order to clarify the corticotrophic capacity of the fetal sheep anterior pituitary in late gestation, we have measured the relative levels of messenger RNA for the ACTH precursor molecule pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in individual fetal sheep anterior pituitaries collected between 100 and 144 days of gestation. The mean relative POMC mRNA:poly(A)+ RNA ratio of the pituitary glands collected between 100 and 135 days (1.35 +/- 0.15) was significantly greater than the mean relative POMC mRNA:poly(A)+ RNA ratio of the pituitaries collected between 141 and 144 days (0.81 +/- 0.09). Northern blot analysis showed that a single band of RNA hybridized with the human POMC cDNA probe in adult and fetal sheep pituitaries. Our results do not contradict the hypothesis that an increase in basal ACTH concentrations after 140 days of gestation could reflect a change in the post-translational processing of POMC in the fetal sheep anterior pituitary. PMID- 3255362 TI - Control of IGF-II mRNA levels by glucocorticoids in the neonatal rat. AB - Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is thought to be a major growth factor during fetal and neonatal development. Levels of IGF-II mRNA fall dramatically in the liver - the major site of endocrine production - between 18 and 20 days post natally. No information concerning the control of gene expression post-natally has hitherto been available. Using Northern blotting and in-situ hybridization, we show here that cortisone acetate rapidly extinguishes IGF-II mRNA expression in the neonatal rat liver. The effect at putative autocrine/paracrine locations such as skeletal muscle and choroid plexus is much less marked or absent. The repression by cortisone acetate is discussed in the light of the available IGF-II gene sequence. PMID- 3255363 TI - Changes in insulin receptor expression in HL60 cells induced to differentiate towards neutrophils or monocytes. AB - HL60 is a human promyeloid cell line capable of differentiating towards monocytes or granulocytes when treated with appropriate agents. Changes in insulin receptor number, affinity and mRNA levels were observed when HL60 cells were induced to differentiate with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). Total and high-affinity insulin receptor numbers decreased following treatment of HL60 cells with DMSO, whereas total insulin receptor number increased and high-affinity receptor number decreased in cells treated with TPA. Three distinct insulin receptor mRNA species of 9.1, 6.3 and 2.8 kb were identified in HL60 cells. The larger 9.1 and 6.3 kb species were increased in both TPA- and DMSO-treated HL60 cells, and the 2.8 kb mRNA was reduced in differentiated cells. Thus HL60 cells differentiated towards monocytes or granulocytes showed similar changes in the levels of individual insulin receptor mRNAs, but displayed contrasting alterations in low-affinity insulin binding. Three HL60 variant lines, which have different capacities to respond to inducers of monocyte and neutrophil differentiation, showed similar levels of total insulin receptors, but differed in their expression of high-affinity receptors. The data provide evidence for the existence of two distinct insulin receptors. PMID- 3255364 TI - Physicochemical characterization of gamma-crystallins from bovine lens- hydrodynamic and biochemical properties. AB - A detailed hydrodynamic study has been made on the gamma-crystallin of the bovine lens. Sedimentation study indicates that gamma-crystallin shows a nearly gaussian peak throughout the course of sedimentation at high speed, using a synthetic boundary cell. The diffusion and sedimentation coefficients are 10.3 x 10(-7) cm2/sec and 2.51 S, respectively. The weight-average molecular weight of the unfractionated gamma-crystallin calculated from sedimentation equilibrium is 21,800. The four major subfractions of gamma-crystallin show similar hydrodynamic properties with an intrinsic viscosity of 2.50 ml/g and a Stokes radius of 21 A. The distinct electrophoretic mobilities exhibited by the four subfractions show gel-concentration dependence and similar slopes in the Ferguson plot, indicative of being charge isomers of the same molecular species. Amino acid analysis of these four subfractions corroborated the conclusions that these gamma-crystallin polypeptides are closely related and comprise a multigene family of crystallins. Based on the sedimentation and intrinsic viscosity data, gamma-crystallin can be modeled as a prolate ellipsoid with an axial ratio of approximately 3.0 and a hydration factor of 0.27 g water per gram protein. The circular dichroism data for gamma-crystallins showed a minimum at about 217 nm, characteristic of a beta sheet conformation. These structural characteristics are in good accord with those derived from X-ray diffraction data for gamma-crystallin II. PMID- 3255366 TI - Studies on peptides CLVIII. Model experiments for the synthesis of open-chain unsymmetrical cystine-peptides. AB - Treatment of a mixture of Cys(R)(O) and Cys(R') with an acid was found to generate cystine in fairly good yields, when suitable R, R', and an acid were selected. An unsymmetrical cystine peptide was prepared by treatment of a mixture of Z(OMe)-Cys(R) (0)-Ala-NH2 (R = Acm or MBzl) and Z(OMe)-Cys(MBzl)-Gly-OBzl with TFA or 1 M TFMSA/TFA3. Oxytocin was obtained in an excellent yield by TFA treatment of the protected peptide containing Cys(Acm)(0) and Cys(MBzl). Thus, formation of the disulfide bond was found feasible at the position of Cys(R) (0). PMID- 3255367 TI - Photon correlation spectroscopy of human IgG. AB - The translational diffusion coefficient D020,w, of monomeric human immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been studied by photon-correlation spectroscopy as a function of pH and protein concentration. At pH 7.6, we find D020,w = 3.89 x 10(-7) cm2/sec, in good agreement with the value determined by classic methods. This value corresponds to an effective hydrodynamic radius R, of 55.1 +/- 0.3 A. As pH is increased to 8.9; with the same ionic strength, the molecule appears to expand slightly (3.5% increase in hydrodynamic radius). The concentration dependence of the IgG diffusion constant is interpreted in terms of solution electrostatic effects and shows that long-range repulsive interactions are negligible in the buffer used. The diffusion coefficient for dimeric IgG has also been determined to be D20,w = 2.81 x 10(-7) +/- 0.04 cm2/sec at 1.6 mg/ml, which corresponds to a hydrodynamic radius of 75 A. For light-scattering studies of protein molecules in the dimension range of 5-10 nm (Mr approximately 10(5)-10(7] we find monomeric horse spleen ferritin well suited as a reference standard. Ferritin is a spherical molecule with a hydrodynamic radius R of 6.9 +/- 0.1 nm and is stable for years in our standard Tris-HCl-NaCl buffer even at room temperature. PMID- 3255365 TI - Generation process of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase molecular forms by several treatments. AB - Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-forms of chicken liver cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase generate variants on storage (4 degrees C, 25 days). The variants developed from each isolated form appeared as evenly spaced bands with increasing anodic mobilities after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), pH 8.8, and specific staining. Their mobilities coincided with those of the more negatively charged forms present in fresh tissue. Development of faster-running variants on storage was avoided by addition of thiol reagents to the freshly isolated forms. In their presence, beta- and gamma-forms were partially transformed into one and two variants with lower anodic mobilities analogous to those of native alpha- and beta-forms. Short pH and heat treatments did not modify the electrophoretic patterns of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-forms, but the incubation with 5 mM L-ascorbic acid (37 degrees C, 7 h) produced more anodic active bands. The formation of these variants was inhibited by the presence, in the incubation mixture, of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The kinetic parameters of the forms submitted to the different treatments were similar to those of the freshly isolated subforms. The results obtained suggest that minor subforms of the enzyme could be generated in vivo by a mechanism in which the oxidation of particular amino acid groups is involved. PMID- 3255368 TI - The regions of alpha-neurotoxin binding on the extracellular part of the alpha subunit of human acetylcholine receptor. AB - A set of 18 synthetic uniform overlapping peptides spanning the entire extracellular part (residues 1-210) of the alpha-subunit of human acetylcholine receptor were studied for their binding activity of 125I-labeled alpha bungarotoxin and cobratoxin. A major toxin-binding region was found to reside within peptide alpha 122-138. In addition, low-binding activities were obtained with peptides alpha 34-49 and alpha 194-210. It is concluded that the region within residues alpha 122-138 constitutes a universal major toxin-binding region for acetylcholine receptor of various species. PMID- 3255369 TI - Orientation of the water molecules of hydration of human serum albumin. AB - Through contact-angle measurements with a number of liquids, on layers of hydrated human serum albumin (HSA), built on anisotropic ultrafilter membranes, the apolar, Lifshitz-van der Waals surface tension component, as well as the polar, electron-acceptor and electron-donor parameters of the hydrated layers could be determined. From these data, it was found that the degree of orientation of the water molecules of hydration of HSA is approximately 98% in the first layer of hydration and approximately 30% of the second layer. The water molecules of hydration are oriented with the H atoms closest to, and the O atoms farthest from, the protein surface. PMID- 3255370 TI - 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance study of glycophorins AM and AN modified with various pyrylium salts. AB - The environment of the N-terminal amino groups of glycophorins AM and AN has been studied using 13C-NMR spectroscopy and pyrylium salts as amino-blocking agents. The extent of amino blocking was monitored by 13C-reductive methylation of the residual free amino groups. The pyrylium ions reacted with the N-terminal amino groups of the two glycophorins at almost identical rates, which is thought to indicate that the overriding steric bulk of the pyrylium salt may determine the rate of the reaction. The difference in the rates of modification of lysine residues of glycophorins AM) and AN by the pyrylium ions did indicate that there may exist an environmental difference around the lysine residues between the two glycophorins. This environmental difference may result from solution aggregation of the glycophorin A molecules or from some differences in the pKa values of the five lysine residues found in glycophorins AM and AN. PMID- 3255371 TI - Local interactions favor the native 8-residue disulfide loop in the oxidation of a fragment corresponding to the sequence Ser-50-Met-79 derived from bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. AB - A 30-residue peptide was obtained from ribonuclease A by chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide, subsequent sulfitolysis with concomitant S-sulfonation, and finally enzymatic cleavage with Staphylococcus aureus protease. The peptide was converted to the free thiol form by reductive cleavage of the S-sulfo-protecting groups with D,L-dithiothreitol. This peptide consisted of residues 50-79 of the native sequence of ribonuclease A, with the exception that methionine-79 had been converted to homoserine. Included in this sequence are residues cysteine-65 and cysteine-72, which form a disulfide bond in the native enzyme, as well as cysteine-58. This molecule may form one of three possible intramolecular disulfide bonds upon thiol oxidation, viz. one loop of 15 and 2 of 8 residues each. These isomeric peptides were prepared by oxidation with cystamine, 2 aminoethanethiolation of residual thiols, and fractionation by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Disulfide pairings were established by mapping the tryptic fragments and confirming their composition by amino acid analysis. After protracted incubation under oxidizing conditions at 25.0 degrees C and pH 8.0, the 26-member ring incorporating the native disulfide bond between residues 65 and 72 is the dominant product. Assuming that equilibrium is established, we infer that local interactions in the sequence of ribonuclease A significantly stabilize the native 8-residue disulfide loop with respect to the non-native 8 residue loop (delta G degree = -1.1 +/- 0.1 kcal mole-1). The implications of this observation for the oxidative folding of the intact protein are discussed. PMID- 3255372 TI - Prediction of the location of structural domains in globular proteins. AB - The location of structural domains in proteins is predicted from the amino acid sequence, based on the analysis of a computed contact map for the protein, the average distance map (ADM). Interactions between residues i and j in a protein are subdivided into several ranges, according to the separation [i-j[ in the amino acid sequence. Within each range, average spatial distances between every pair of amino acid residues are computed from a data base of known protein structures. Infrequently occurring pairs are omitted as being statistically insignificant. The average distances are used to construct a predicted ADM. The ADM is analyzed for the occurrence of regions with high densities of contacts (compact regions). Locations of rapid changes of density between various parts of the map are determined by the use of scanning plots of contact densities. These locations serve to pinpoint the distribution of compact regions. This distribution, in turn, is used to predict boundaries of domains in the protein. The technique provides an objective method for the location of domains both on a contact map derived from a known three-dimensional protein structure, the real distance map (RDM), and on an ADM. While most other published methods for the identification of domains locate them in the known three-dimensional structure of a protein, the technique presented here also permits the prediction of domains in proteins of unknown spatial structure, as the construction of the ADM for a given protein requires knowledge of only its amino acid sequence. PMID- 3255373 TI - Prediction of the packing arrangement of strands in beta-sheets of globular proteins. AB - A method is proposed for predicting the adjacency order in which strands pack in a beta-sheet in a protein, on the basis of its amino acid sequence alone. The method is based on the construction of a predicted contact map for the protein, in which the probability that various residue pairs are close to each other is computed from statistically determined average distances of residue pairs in globular proteins of known structure. Compact regions, i.e., portions of the sequence with many interresidue contacts, are determined on the map by using an objective search procedure. The proximity of strands in a beta-sheet is predicted from the density of contacts in compact regions associated with each pair of strands. The most probable beta-sheet structures are those with the highest density of contacts. The method has been tested by computing the probable strand arrangements in a five-strand beta-sheet in five proteins or protein domains, containing 62-138 residues. Of the theoretically possible 60 strand arrangements, the method selects two to eight arrangements as most probable; i.e., it leads to a large reduction in the number of possibilities. The native strand arrangement is among those predicted for three of the five proteins. For the other two, it would be included in the prediction by a slight relaxation of the cutoff criteria used to analyze the density of contacts. PMID- 3255374 TI - Prediction of probable pathways of folding in globular proteins. AB - A method is described for the prediction of probable folding pathways of globular proteins, based on the analysis of distance maps. It is applicable to proteins of unknown spatial structure but known amino acid sequence as well as to proteins of known structure. It is based on an objective procedure for the determination of the boundary of compact regions that contain high densities of interresidue contacts on the distance map of a globular protein. The procedure can be used both with contact maps derived from a known three-dimensional protein structure and with predicted contact maps computed by means of a statistical procedure from the amino acid sequence alone. The computed contact map can also be used to predict the location of compact short-range structures, viz. alpha-helices and beta-turns, thereby complementing other statistical predictive procedures. The method provides an objective basis for the derivation of a theoretically predicted pathway of protein folding, proposed by us earlier [Tanaka and Scheraga (1977) Macromolecules 10, 291-304; Nemethy and Scheraga (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 76, 6050-6054]. PMID- 3255375 TI - Segmentation of a protein into structural elements: analysis and classification of segments. AB - A radial location measure (designated N14) derived from the X-ray crystallographic data represents an extent of exposure of an amino acid residue to solvent or location of the residue in a globular protein. A protein structure can be segmented along the chain by cutting at minima of a smoothed profile of N14. The segment so defined is a structural element traversing from a turn to the next turn and usually contains a regular secondary structure of alpha-helix or beta-strand in the middle. The characters of segments obtained for 87 proteins were examined in terms of four parameters: (1) the average angular moment (a quantity similar to the hydrophobic moment) at 40 degrees, M(40 degrees); (2) the average angular moment at 100 degrees, M(100 degrees); (3) the average value of location measures; and (4) the length of a segment. The segments were classified into 10 groups according to relative distances among the segments in the space spanned by the four parameters as components. Segments located in connecting regions (c segment) were expressed by three parameters: M(40 degrees), M(100 degrees), and the average value of location measures, and were classified into eight groups. Features of the segments were analyzed in terms of secondary structures, folding types of proteins, and occurrence of segment pairs. Protein structures are described by the arrangement of characterized segments and c segments. Cutting positions for the segmentation could be assigned from a smoothed profile calculated from its amino acid sequence, and the positions were in coincidence with the experimental ones with an accuracy of 77%. The significance of this approach to the description of protein structures in terms of segments is discussed. PMID- 3255376 TI - The protein sequence homology of gamma-crystallins among major vertebrate classes and their DNA sequence homology to heat-shock protein genes. AB - A systematic characterization of lens crystallins from five major classes of vertebrates was carried out by exclusion gel filtration, cation-exchange chromatography and N-terminal sequence determination. All crystallin fractions except that of gamma-crystallin were found to be N-terminally blocked. gamma Crystallin is present in major classes of vertebrates except the bird, showing none, or decreased amounts, of this protein in chicken and duck lenses, respectively. N-Terminal sequence analysis of the purified gamma-crystallin polypeptides showed extensive homology between different classes of vertebrates, supporting the close relatedness of this family of crystallin even from the evolutionarily distant species. Comparison of nucleotide sequences and their predicted amino acid sequences between gamma-crystallins of carp and rat lenses and heat-shock proteins demonstrated partial sequence homology of the encoded polypeptides and striking homology at the gene level. The unexpected strong homology of complementary DNA (cDNA) lies in the regions coding for 40 N-terminal residues of carp gamma-II, rat gamma 2-1, and the middle segments of 23,000- and 70,000-Mr heat-shock proteins. The optimal alignment of DNA sequences along these two segments shows about 50% homology. The percentage of protein sequence identity for the corresponding aligned segments is only 20%. The weak sequence homology at the protein level is also found between the invertebrate squid crystallin and rat gamma-crystallin polypeptides. These results pointed to the possibility of unifying three major classes of vertebrate crystallins into one alpha/beta/gamma superfamily and corroborated the previous supposition that the existing crystallins in the animal kingdom are probably mutually interrelated, sharing a common ancestry. PMID- 3255377 TI - Effect of oxidative sulfitolysis of disulfide bonds of bovine serum albumin on its structural properties: a physiochemical study. AB - The effect of S-S bond cleavage of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on some of its structural properties, including solubility, viscosity, and conformation, were investigated. Cleavage of S-S bonds decreased the solubility of serum albumin and also shifted its isoelectric point to lower pH values. S-S bond cleavage resulted in changes in shape and hydrodynamic volume of the protein, increasing the specific viscosity, with cleavage of up to 14 S-S bonds, followed by a decrease with further cleavage. Both UV difference and fluorescence spectral measurements indicated that conformational flexibility increases with S-S bond cleavage. Secondary structure estimations by far UV-CD suggested a gradual decrease in alpha-helical content of the protein with progressive cleavage of its S-S bonds. However, fully S-S bond cleaved protein maintained some alpha-helical structure. Sulfitolysis of the protein also decreased its 1,8-anilino-naphthalene sulfonate binding ability. PMID- 3255378 TI - Acid-base chemistry of vitamin B6 compounds in methanol. AB - The enzymatic reactions involving pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) can be simulated in solutions; thus, this system forms a favorable model for understanding the requirements of the enzymatic catalysis. We have studied in methanol protonic equilibria of the imines formed between PLP or salicylaldehyde (SA) and various amino acids, using UV and NMR spectroscopy. A glass electrode and an operational pH* scale were used to control acidity. The first protonation of the phosphate of PLP imines can be detected by UV spectroscopy with pK* at 10.8, proved by [31P] NMR. The second protonation of phosphate (pK* at 4.8) is accompanied by increased hydrolysis of the imines. The imines of aspartate deviate from the imines of nondicarboxylic amino acids indicating that the beta-carboxyl of aspartate is internally hydrogen-bonded. PLP-2-aminobutanol Schiff base does not show with [1H]-NMR at pH* 7 separate peaks for ketoenamine-enolimine tautomers even at -90 degrees C, SA-phenylalanine shows an unidentified absorption at 350-380 nm. This was tentatively assigned a trans structure. PMID- 3255379 TI - Primary structure of the hemoglobin alpha-chain of rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri). AB - The structure of the hemoglobin alpha-chain of Rose-ringed Parakeet was determined by sequence degradations of the intact subunit, the CNBr fragments, and peptides obtained by digestion with staphylococcal Glu-specific protease and trypsin. Using this analysis, the complete alpha-chain structure of 21 avian species is known, permitting comparisons of the protein structure and of avian relationships. The structure exhibits differences from previously established avian alpha-chains at a total of 61 positions, five of which have residues unique to those of the parakeet (Ser-12, Gly-65, Ser-67, Ala-121, and Leu-134). The analysis defines hemoglobin variation within an additional avian order (Psittaciformes), demonstrates distant patterns for evaluation of relationships within other avian orders, and lends support to taxonomic conclusions from molecular data. PMID- 3255380 TI - Circular dichroism analysis of the secondary structures of bovine blood coagulation factor IX, factor X, and prothrombin. AB - Analysis of the far-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum of bovine blood coagulation factor IX reveals the presence of approximately 14% helical structures 26% beta-sheets, 20% beta-turns, and 40% coils. These values are essentially the same for the activation products of this zymogen, factor IX alpha alpha and factor IX alpha beta. Similar analysis for bovine factor X permits calculation of these secondary structural as approximately 11% helices, 31% beta structures, 22% beta-turns, and 36% random structures. Bovine prothrombin contains approximately 12% helical structures, 35% beta-structures, 24% beta turns, and 29% coils. None of these values is substantially altered as a result of increase of the pH from 7.4 to 10.5, or upon addition of Ca2+ to a concentration of at least 20 mM. Analysis of the near-ultraviolet spectra of factor IX and prothrombin suggests that several aromatic amino acid residues and the disulfide bond present in their gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing regions are exposed to solvent and are perturbed by the above pH adjustment and Ca2+ addition. Similar effects are observed in the case of factor X; in addition, the Trp residue at the amino terminus of the heavy chain appears to be influenced by the above pH alteration. The results reported in this paper show that these vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation proteins are similar in their ordered secondary structures, which are dominated by beta-sheets and beta-turns. Their overall secondary structures are not influenced by Ca2+ binding and are stable to alkaline pH changes. However, these same environmental alterations appear to be effective probes of aromatic residues in the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid regions. PMID- 3255382 TI - An investigation into the protective effect of various salts on the acid inactivation of human serum butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8). AB - Human serum butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) loses 100% of its activity toward butyrylthiocholine in 60 min at pH 3.0. This deactivation is retarded by 1.37 M ammonium sulfate to a loss of 40% after 60 min at pH 3.0. Reneutralization experiments suggest that the mechanism for this acid inactivation does not exclusively involve hydrolysis of peptide bonds or protonation of the enzyme's active site. Studies with different anions and cations demonstrate that the order of their effectiveness as protective agents against acid inactivation closely follows the Hofmeister series. No relationship was found between catalytic activation or inhibition by salt and protection from acid inactivation. Ultraviolet difference studies at 288 nm with enzyme brought to pH 2.7 from pH 8.0 in the presence and absence of 1.37 M ammonium sulfate demonstrated no change in UV absorbance with ammonium sulfate present and approximately a 0.15 ODU rise in absorbance in the absence of ammonium sulfate. These results suggest that acidic pH conditions result in deactivating stereochemical changes in the active site of butyrylcholinesterase and that certain anions and cations, according to the Hofmeister series, are able to protect the enzyme from acid inactivation by stabilizing the active conformation of its active site. PMID- 3255381 TI - Prediction of the secondary structures of bovine blood coagulation factor IX, factor X, and prothrombin. AB - The secondary structures of bovine blood coagulation factors IX and X, as well as that of bovine prothrombin, were predicted on the basis of a computerized combination of the Chou-Fasman and Burgess algorithms. Refinements in the predictions were made after consideration of the content of various secondary structures, as determined by circular dichroism studies of these same proteins. The final turn assignments were in good agreement with those assigned with use of an algorithm involving pattern matching of beta-turns in proteins of known structure. PMID- 3255384 TI - CT treatment planning of the liver. AB - The article deals with CT treatment planning of the liver to maximize the dose to the liver but minimize the dose to the right kidney, spinal cord, and bowels. (The left kidney is out of the field due to the oblique angles of the fields.) This is achieved by right kidney shielding reconstruction from multislice CT treatment planning and by the oblique angles of the fields. Without CT, it is not possible to utilize oblique fields to cover the liver. With conventional AP-PA fields, not only is the whole liver treated but also most of the right kidney, half of the left kidney, bowels and spinal cord. Tolerance dose to the kidneys is exceeded if adequate dose is delivered to the liver. Some new computer algorithms display a bird's eye view of the shielding but this paper presents for the first time, a technique for actual shielding reconstruction from multislice CT treatment planning for use by the radiation oncologist when shielding blocks are drawn on the simulator films. PMID- 3255383 TI - Mapping by synthetic peptides of the binding sites for acetylcholine receptor on alpha-bungarotoxin. AB - A set of seven peptides constituting the various loops and most of the surface areas of alpha-bungarotoxin (BgTX) was synthesized. In appropriate peptides, the cyclical (by a disulfide bond) monomers were prepared. In all cases, the peptides were purified and characterized. The ability of these peptides to bind Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (AChR) was studied by radiometric adsorbent titrations. Three regions, represented by peptides 1-16, 26-41, and 45-59, were able to bind 125I-labeled AChR and, conversely, 125I-labeled peptides were bound by AChR. In these regions, residues Ile-1, Val-2, Trp-28, Lys-26 and/or Lys-38, and one or all of the three residues Ala-45, Ala-46, and Thr-47, are essential contact residues in the binding of BgTX to receptor. Other synthetic regions of BgTX showed little or no AChR-binding activity. The specificity of AChR binding to peptides 1-16, 26-41, and 45-59 was confirmed by inhibition with unlabeled BgTX. It is concluded that BgTX has three main AChR-binding regions (loop I with N-terminal extension and loops II and III extended toward the N-terminal by residues 45-47). PMID- 3255385 TI - Obtaining oblique technique source-to-skin distances for irregular field (Clarkson) calculations: the Mayo Off-axis Distance Indicator. AB - Significant dose inhomogeneities may exist between the supraclavicular fossa (SCF) and the internal mammary chain (IMC) regions in the irregular L-shaped (hockey stick) field associated with breast cancer treatments. This dose inhomogeneity exists, in part, because of a positive air gap in the SCF and a negative air gap in the IMC locations. Independent of treatment technique, [i.e., whether anterior-posterior (AP) or oblique fields are used], accurate source-to skin distance (SSD) values for the SCF, IMC, and axilla are necessary when doing an irregular field (Clarkson) dose calculation. However, when an oblique technique is used to treat the hockey stick field, obtaining non-central-axis SSDs is not as straightforward as when an AP technique is employed. The "Mayo Off axis Distance Indicator" was constructed to slide into the blocking tray slot of the simulator or treatment machine. This mechanical measuring device provides quick and accurate SSD measurements for non-central-axis points under either AP or, more importantly, oblique treatment conditions. PMID- 3255386 TI - Incorporation of patient immobilization, tissue compensation and matchline junction technique for three-field breast treatment. AB - A protocol for the treatment of the intact breast was developed to maximize dose homogeneity and reproducibility. This protocol uses patient and breast immobilization, three-dimensional tissue compensators, and a technique for geometric matching of fields when the supraclavicular area is treated. A series of phantom measurements and analysis of patient port films was performed to evaluate dose homogeneity and reproducibility using this technique, and the potential adverse effect of loss of skin sparing from the immobilization device was investigated. Dose homogeneity throughout the phantom breast was within +/- 6% of the prescribed central axis dose, and homogeneity at the supraclavicular match line was +/- 10%. This represented a significant improvement over techniques not using tissue compensation or geometrically matched fields. Reproducibility of patient treatments was not significantly improved from previous non-immobilized treatment techniques, but there was no loss of skin sparing from the device, and other advantages of immobilization were observed. Details of the protocol are discussed together with changes that are currently being made to improve the results obtained thus far. PMID- 3255387 TI - Manual 3-D treatment planning. PMID- 3255388 TI - Electron dose distributions in an anthropomorphic phantom--verification of Theraplan treatment planning algorithm. AB - As part of a Quality Assurance program, the performance of Theraplan (Version 4.0) for electron beam calculations was checked versus experiments carried out with an anthropomorphic (Rando) phantom. Large disagreements (up to 40%) between measured and calculated dose distributions were discovered which could not be explained in terms of the assumptions inherent in the code. Analysis of this data has led to discovery of an error in the software. AECL is working at present on a new software version with this error corrected. PMID- 3255389 TI - Comparison of P+-active and -inactive pro-1 homologues from human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. AB - Eleven pro-1 homologous clones from human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 were studied with respect to their ability to transfer sensitivity to tumor promoter-induced neoplastic transformation (P+ activity), their molecular structure, and their homology to both mouse pro-1 and each other. Restriction mapping and Southern analysis of CNE2 pro-1 homologous clones revealed three structural classes, all of which showed P+ activity. The approximate limits of mouse pro-1 hybridizing sequences within CNE2 clones from each structural class were identified, and some of these minimum homologous sequences were tested for P+ activity by transfection into P- cells. For all classes, a strong association between P+ activity and pro-1 homology was observed. This finding implies that, for CNE2 clones to be P+-active, structural homology to mouse pro-1 is required. The minimum P+-active sequence thus far identified was a 2.6-kbp EcoRI-SstI fragment. One clone was inactive, even though it was indistinguishable from active clones of the same class by restriction mapping, Southern analysis, and electron microscope examination of heteroduplexes formed by an active and an inactive clone. This raises the possibility that discrete changes, involving a few nucleotides rather than gross rearrangement, may determine the P+ activation of these pro-1-homologous sequences. PMID- 3255390 TI - Timing of proto-oncogene replication: a possible determinant of early S phase sensitivity of C3H 10T1/2 cells to transformation by chemical carcinogens. AB - The temporal order of replication of several genes was studied in 10T1/2 cells synchronized by release from confluence-induced arrest of proliferation followed by treatment with 2 micrograms/mL aphidicolin for 24 h. DNA subjected to bromodeoxyuridine substitution for 1- or 2-h intervals spanning the S phase was separated from the remaining DNA in cesium chloride gradients, filtered onto nitrocellulose in a slot-blot apparatus, and hybridized with various 32P-labeled probes. Ha-ras was among the first genes replicated at the onset of the S phase. The myc proto-oncogene replicated later but within the first hour of the S phase. The replication of Ki-ras, raf, and mos was detected between hour 1 and 2 of the S phase. The dihydrofolate reductase gene replicated early (0-2 h) and the myb proto-oncogene replicated in mid-S phase (2-4 h). An immunoglobulin VH sequence and the beta-globin gene replicated late in 10T1/2 cells, 4-6 h after removal of aphidicolin. Replicating DNA is preferentially adducted by chemical carcinogens, and replication of damaged proto-oncogenes before they are repaired may activate their transforming potential. Therefore, the observed replication of proto oncogenes during the early S phase may underlie the enhanced sensitivity of 10T1/2 cells to chemically induced transformation at this point in the cell cycle. PMID- 3255391 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of phagocytic cell disorders. Proceedings of the first EGID (European Group for Immunodeficiencies) meeting on phagocytes. Debrecen, Hungary, 24-26 April 1988. PMID- 3255392 TI - Effects of Coxiella burnetii endotoxin on granulocyte functions. PMID- 3255393 TI - The effect of free radicals on the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity. PMID- 3255394 TI - Effect of lymphokines on bioluminescence activity of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. PMID- 3255395 TI - Phagocytic cell function after administration of intravenous immunoglobulins in low birth weight neonates. PMID- 3255396 TI - The role of serum factors and influence of intravenous immunoglobulins on phagocytosis of campylobacter species. PMID- 3255397 TI - Effects of serum opsonins and intravenous immunoglobulin on phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus saprophyticus by human granulocytes. PMID- 3255398 TI - Wall degradation of antibiotic-pretreated staphylococci within macrophages. PMID- 3255399 TI - Interaction between cell wall synthesis inhibitors and human granulocytes and monocytes. PMID- 3255400 TI - Deficiency of cytochrome b558 in chronic granulomatous disease demonstrated by monoclonal antibody 7D5. PMID- 3255401 TI - Analysis of the gene and gene product in patients with X linked chronic granulomatous disease (XL-CGD). PMID- 3255402 TI - Increased neutrophil chemotaxis. A secondary phenomenon useful in the diagnosis and follow up of diseases with inflammatory component. PMID- 3255403 TI - Phagocytosis of microspheric hydrophile particles by peripheral blood glass adherent phagocytes of healthy and high risk neonates. PMID- 3255404 TI - Gingival crevicular studies in patients with neutrophil dysfunction. PMID- 3255405 TI - Clinical manifestations of various phagocytic defects. PMID- 3255406 TI - Cell migration in patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3255407 TI - Functional and biochemical activities of neutrophil granulocytes from patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3255408 TI - Flow cytometric study on phagocyte function and determination of in vitro natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in hairy cell leukaemia (HCL). Comparison with values obtained following post-traumatic splenectomy (SP). PMID- 3255409 TI - Pharmacologically induced reticuloendothelial blockade and the possibility of its application. PMID- 3255411 TI - Regulation of complement gene expression of murine macrophages: effects of histamine. PMID- 3255410 TI - Production of functional complement by human mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 3255412 TI - Specific effect of leucine-O-methyl ester on macrophages. PMID- 3255413 TI - Oligopeptides and phagocytosis in mice. PMID- 3255414 TI - Studies of phagocytic and killing activity of BAL macrophages in sarcoidosis. PMID- 3255415 TI - Antigen presentation by monocytes of CGD-patients and by phenylbutazone treated monocytes of normal peripheral blood. PMID- 3255416 TI - Galactose-residues on glycans of metastatic cells positively correlate with the recognition by host non-specific effectors. PMID- 3255417 TI - Amniotic fluid mononuclear phagocytes: phenotypes and functions. PMID- 3255418 TI - The role of cationic transport in the respiratory burst activation in granulocytes. PMID- 3255419 TI - Anti-granulocyte antibodies in immune neutropenia and autoimmune disorders. PMID- 3255420 TI - The prevention of postherpetic neuralgia: a retrospective view of patients treated in the acute phase of herpes zoster. PMID- 3255421 TI - Four popular anti-inflammatories. Which? PMID- 3255422 TI - A comparison of the effects of bumetanide (Burinex) and frusemide on carbohydrate metabolism in the elderly. PMID- 3255423 TI - Primary Sjogren's syndrome presenting as osteomalacia secondary to renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 3255424 TI - Arguments for and proposed tests of a revised S-R contiguity-reinforcement theory of human Pavlovian autonomic conditioning: some contra-cognitive claims. AB - One of the consequences of the cognitive paradigm shift is that human Pavlovian autonomic conditioning of responses like the GSR has been considered to be a mere epiphenomenon or index of an underlying cognitive process. The paper begins by reviewing evidence against three such reductionist, cognitive accounts, and then proposes a revision of an S-R theory of classical conditioning that was first put forward in the early sixties. The revision is designed to increase the S-R theory's testability, and this increase is demonstrated by indicating four sets of experimental arrangements where the revised S-R theory forbids certain outcomes, and does so in a way that differentiates it from other competing theories. In this way we can proceed to begin the task of determining the boundary conditions of both cognitive and non-cognitive accounts of human Pavlovian autonomic conditioning, instead of engaging in territorial struggles between those accounts, struggles whose outcome is determined by changing Zeitgeist considerations rather than evidential ones. PMID- 3255425 TI - Human Pavlovian conditioning: commentaries. PMID- 3255426 TI - Towards evidentially based, non-circular explanations of human Pavlovian autonomic conditioning as a genuine phenomenon: a realist perspective. PMID- 3255427 TI - Restructuring of cognitivism in conditioning. PMID- 3255428 TI - Animal learning theory and the future of human Pavlovian conditioning. PMID- 3255430 TI - Issues in human Pavlovian autonomic conditioning. PMID- 3255429 TI - Human Pavlovian conditioning. PMID- 3255431 TI - Neuroimmune interactions. Proceedings of an international conference. London, England, September 19-20, 1988. PMID- 3255432 TI - A comparison of referrals to primary-care and hospital out-patient clinics. AB - All referrals from two general practices to psychiatrists in hospital and primary care out-patient clinics were examined. Women in all diagnostic groups were preferentially referred to the primary-care clinics, which provided especially for psychotic and chronic illnesses, and at which attendance rates on first and subsequent appointments were substantially higher than at the hospital clinics. The hospital crisis-intervention clinic dealt particularly with acute psychosis and personality disorder. Patients referred to the traditional hospital out patient service were those with the less common neuroses and personality disorder. These results are reviewed in the context of the criticism that psychiatric clinics in primary care serve only the "worried well". PMID- 3255433 TI - Scottish survey of chronically ill day patients: 3-year follow-up. AB - Chronically ill day patients were followed up 3 years after identification in the catchment areas of 13 psychiatric hospitals serving 54% of the Scottish population. Five per cent had died, 6% were in-patients, 56% remained day patients and 14% were supported by community psychiatric nurses or attended an out-patient clinic; contact had been lost with 19%. Over 3 years, 32% had had at least one admission to in-patient care; a wide range of other services was also used. There was little change in the level of disability; a typical patient in contact at follow-up was single, schizophrenic, and rather disabled. PMID- 3255434 TI - Dementia in subjects over 65 years of age in the Republic of San Marino. AB - A study on neurological conditions was performed in the Republic of San Marino, which is the smallest independent state in the world (60 km2, 21,792 people). We personally examined or collected information on all people born in 1898, 1903, 1908, 1913 and 1918 and living in the Republic of San Marino on 31 July 1985. We found 29 people out of 488 with mild to severe dementia. Frequency of dementia increased progressively with age, from 1.8% among 67-year-olds to 25% among 87 year-olds. In women the increase was due mainly to primary degenerative dementia, whereas in men other types of dementia were involved. Our study shows a female/male ratio of more than 2:1 for primary degenerative dementia even considering mild dementia, and this form of dementia represents about 50% of all types of dementia. We found an association between severe auditory loss and primary degenerative dementia. PMID- 3255435 TI - The identification of clustering in parasuicide. AB - A straightforward test for detecting clustering in patterns of parasuicide in individual patients is described and applied to data from the Edinburgh Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre. PMID- 3255436 TI - Suicide and parasuicide in a hill resort in Malaysia. AB - Ninety-five cases of suicide and 134 cases of parasuicide that occurred between October 1973 and September 1984 in the hill resort district of Cameron Highlands in Malaysia were analysed. Eighty-one per cent of suicides and 78% of parasuicides were of Indians, although they only form 25% of the population. The average annual suicide rate for Indians (over 10 years of age) was 157 per 100,000. About 94% of suicides and 66% of parasuicides were by ingesting agricultural poisons. The age- and sex-specific suicide rates for women were highest in the 20-24-year-old age group. Some possible reasons for high suicide rates among Indians are discussed. PMID- 3255437 TI - A preliminary study of violent incidents in a special hospital (Rampton). AB - A six-month prospective study of violent incidents was carried out in a Special Hospital (Rampton). Comparisons were made with results from earlier studies in general psychiatric hospitals. As might be expected, incidents occurred more frequently in the Special Hospital. These incidents were also more serious in nature and resulted in greater injury. Although more patients in the Special Hospital were involved in incidents, only a small number of patients accounted for the majority of these. Female patients, who comprised 25% of the Special Hospital population, were involved in 75% of the incidents. Nursing staff were three times as likely to be assaulted as patients. PMID- 3255438 TI - Prediction of outcome after treatment for stuttering. AB - Predicting who will relapse after behavioural or dynamic psychotherapy is important. A search for variables likely to predict individuals at risk of relapse was conducted in two groups of successfully treated stutterers. The most powerful predictors were the attainment of three goals by the last day of treatment; namely, skill mastery as evidenced by no stuttering, normal attitudes to communication, and an internalisation of the locus of control. Of the subjects who achieved these three goals, 97% maintained their improved speech in the long term. No subject who failed to achieve any of these goals remained fluent, while those who achieved one or two goals had intermediate outcomes. No single goal was necessary and none alone was sufficient to maintain improvement. Both actual and perceived mastery over stuttering appear to be important if the long-term outcome is to be satisfactory. PMID- 3255439 TI - Sherlock Holmes: a suitable case for treatment? PMID- 3255440 TI - Psychiatric clinics in different settings. A case register study. AB - Out-patient referrals to the Edinburgh adult psychiatric service between 1981 and 1985 were studied using the Edinburgh Psychiatric Case Register. The hypotheses that primary-care clinics have more patients with less severe illnesses and fewer patients with psychotic illnesses were confirmed. PMID- 3255441 TI - Use of ECT in hysterical catatonia. A case report and discussion. AB - Catatonia is now accepted as a non-specific syndrome. Hysteria can very rarely be a cause. A case of hysterical catatonia developing twice in a year, and on both occasions responding to ECT, is presented. Initial diagnostic difficulties, and use of the sodium pentothal interview as a diagnostic test, are also described. PMID- 3255442 TI - Anorexia nervosa in a woman totally blind since birth. AB - A 19-year-old woman, blind since birth, lost 26 kg over a 7-month period. This was achieved by restriction of food intake, excessive exercise, laxative abuse, and self-induced vomiting. Although the visual experience is often believed to be an integral component of body-shape perception and the overvaluation of thinness in contemporary society, it does not preclude the development of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3255443 TI - Koro secondary to a tumour of the corpus callosum. AB - The concurrent appearance of the koro syndrome and pathology of the central nervous system is quite rare. A case of a patient with a diagnosed tumour in the genu of the corpus callosum, who displayed typical koro symptoms, is presented. A short series of electroconvulsive shock treatments brought about resolution of the koro symptoms. Neurological investigation of all sporadic cases of koro is deemed necessary, to exclude cerebral involvement. PMID- 3255444 TI - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in striatonigral degeneration. AB - A case of probable neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) complicating L-dopa withdrawal in striatonigral degeneration is described. This case suggests that the hyperthermia of NMS is due to peripheral heat production associated with severe muscular rigidity secondary to withdrawal of striatal dopamine drive, rather than being centrally mediated by the hypothalamus, which is not involved in striatonigral degeneration. PMID- 3255445 TI - Progress towards DHSS targets for community care. PMID- 3255446 TI - Psoriasis and lithium. PMID- 3255447 TI - General practice patients on long-term psychotropic drugs. PMID- 3255448 TI - P3 and CT scan in patients with chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 3255449 TI - Unilateral auditory hallucinations. PMID- 3255450 TI - Inadequate seizures with electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 3255452 TI - Vitamin B12 in psychotic depression. PMID- 3255451 TI - Self-inflicted eye injuries. PMID- 3255453 TI - Delusional AIDS and depression. PMID- 3255454 TI - Father kills mother. Issues and problems encountered by a child psychiatric team. AB - The child whose mother is killed by his or her father has to cope with the trauma of violence, the grief associated with the loss of both parents simultaneously, dislocation and insecurity regarding where and with whom they will live, stigma, secrecy, and often massive conflicts of loyalty. These issues and how they affected the 28 children of 14 families in which the father had killed the mother are examined. Recommendations for practice based on this clinical experience are proposed. PMID- 3255455 TI - The fear questionnaire. Some data on validity, reliability and layout. AB - In order to assess some psychometric properties of Marks & Mathews' (1979) short Fear Questionnaire, a Dutch translation of this form was administered to 143 phobic outpatients: 100 women and 43 men. There was a special interest in assessing validity by comparing the scores of agoraphobics, social phobics and simple phobics. The findings were that all scales have sufficient internal consistency, although the Total Phobia scale does not seem to add meaningful information to its subscales. Most scales are significantly related to neuroticism, and the Social Phobia subscale is strongly related to social anxiety. The Agoraphobia and Social Phobia subscales discriminate between categories of phobics in the expected way. For the Blood/Injury subscale the relevant comparisons could not be made. The data presented in this study can be used to develop FQ norms for phobic patients. PMID- 3255456 TI - Scottish psychiatrists in primary health-care settings. A silent majority. AB - There has been a growing number of reports of psychiatrists moving out into primary-care settings. We report a survey of consultant psychiatrists to assess the extent of this practice in Scotland. Some time spent in the primary-care setting was reported by 56%, the figures being highest in rural areas. An equal number of non-consultant medical staff were involved. Most schemes were initiated by psychiatrists, over half of whom had had some postgraduate general-practice experience. A similar survey in England and Wales showed that only 19% of consultant psychiatrists spent time in primary-care settings, a smaller proportion of non-consultant staff being involved. The value of working in primary-care settings has yet to be assessed. PMID- 3255457 TI - Sex chromosomes and psychosis. The case for a pseudoautosomal locus. AB - Although the incidence of the recurrent psychoses (bipolar affective illness and schizophrenia) in the two sexes is approximately equal, gender influences a number of aspects of major psychiatric disease: unipolar depressive illness is twice as common in females, onset of schizophrenia is earlier and outcome is worse in males, and pairs of psychotic first-degree relatives are more often than expected of the same sex. In addition, sex chromosomal aneuploidies (e.g. XXY and XXX) are more frequent in patients with psychosis. Some of these findings can be explained if there is a major locus of predisposition to psychiatric disease in the 'pseudoautosomal' region of the sex chromosomes - that distal segment of the short arms in which there is genetic exchange between X and Y chromosomes at male meiosis. A gene located here would be transmitted in an autosomal manner, but would be passed above chance expectation to children of the same sex when inherited through a male. In that this segment of the sex chromosomes is subject to a high rate of recombination (which could generate new mutations), and may include determinants of brain lateralisation, it appears that the pseudoautosomal region could carry the genes which predispose to the major psychoses. PMID- 3255458 TI - Plasma cortisol and depression in pathological gamblers. AB - Basal serum cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results were studied in 21 pathological gamblers who varied on the Beck Depression Inventory and selected scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, which had previously been shown to be related to depression in gamblers. All subjects were suppressors on the DST. There was a significant relationship between fluctuation in 08.00 h and 16.00 h basal cortisol levels and the psychological measures, suggesting a subtype of pathological gambler with potential clinical significance. PMID- 3255459 TI - Pre-pubertal depressive stupor: a case report. AB - A case of childhood affective disorder with episodes of depressive stupor in a 13 year-old pre-pubertal boy is described. Changes in the patient's clinical state were accompanied by changes in the dexamethasone suppression test. A family history of affective illness on the maternal side, with phenomenological similarities, is noted. PMID- 3255460 TI - Attempted strangulation during phenothiazine-induced sleep-walking and night terrors. AB - A patient who resumed sleep-walking as an adult is described. The failure to diagnose his disturbed nocturnal behaviour as sleep-walking kept him from his work for over 8 months, and led to a treatment which exacerbated the behaviour. The diagnosis was made when the patient attempted to strangle his wife. PMID- 3255461 TI - Personality disorder. PMID- 3255462 TI - Screening for HIV. PMID- 3255463 TI - Melatonin secretion in depression. PMID- 3255464 TI - Self-esteem: a psychiatric view. PMID- 3255465 TI - Depersonalisation and self-perception. PMID- 3255466 TI - The truth about ECT. PMID- 3255467 TI - Koro secondary to a tumour of the corpus callosum. PMID- 3255468 TI - Shoplifting as a symptom of stress in families of mentally handicapped persons: a case report. PMID- 3255469 TI - Auditory hallucinations due to ear disease. PMID- 3255470 TI - Anorexia nervosa and infantile autism. PMID- 3255471 TI - Capgras syndrome and organic disease. PMID- 3255472 TI - Assay of discriminant functions and new proposals in thalassemic evaluation. PMID- 3255473 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in elective cholecystectomy. PMID- 3255474 TI - Long-term ambulatory EEG evaluation of epileptic seizures and non-epileptic attacks: a study of 100 patients. PMID- 3255475 TI - [Application of plasmapheresis in patients with malignant paraproteinemia and hyperviscosity syndrome]. PMID- 3255476 TI - [PC-IOL in eyes with posterior capsular-zonular disruption]. PMID- 3255477 TI - [Aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma--6 cases report]. PMID- 3255478 TI - Combined primary squamous cell carcinoma and tubular carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 3255479 TI - Renal cell carcinoma in adolescent--report of two cases. PMID- 3255480 TI - [Primary adrenocortical insufficiency-Addison's disease: a case report]. PMID- 3255481 TI - [Varicella infection in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3255482 TI - [Typhlitis in childhood acute leukemia--three cases report]. PMID- 3255483 TI - Levamisole in children's idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. AB - 13 children with frequently relapsing and/or steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) were treated with levamisole. 2.5 mg of levamisole per kilogram body weight twice a week (cycle A) were administered to all patients during 2-16 months (mean 5.8). A daily administration of the same dose of levamisole was given during 2-9 months (mean 4.9) to 8 patients who did not respond to cycle A (cycle B). A beneficial effect was observed in 6 cases: 4 with cycle A and 2 with cycle B. These patients suffered no relapse despite a significant decrease in the amount of prednisone administered or its discontinuation and they experienced a remission period of 7-29 months without prednisone administration. The side effects of the therapy turned out to be minimal both with cycle A and B. Levamisole may be effective in frequently relapsing and/or steroid-dependent INS with minimal side effects. PMID- 3255484 TI - Prognostic factors in typical postdiarrhea hemolytic-uremic syndrome. AB - Sixty-one patients with typical postdiarrhea hemolytic-uremic syndrome were retrospectively examined to determine factors influencing the prognosis. A poorer prognosis was found in younger patients, in those with an elevated white blood cell count on admission, and in those with a prolonged duration of elevated white blood cell count, thrombocytopenia, and anuria. PMID- 3255485 TI - Renal osteodystrophy in children on CAPD: a prospective trial of 1-alpha hydroxycholecalciferol therapy. AB - The efficacy of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in the prevention of renal osteodystrophy in children commencing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was studied in 12 patients, 0.8-17 years of age, who were randomly assigned to either group I receiving standard therapy or to group II receiving in addition 10 20 ng/kg body weight/day of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. Calcium carbonate compounds were used to control hyperphosphataemia. Mean plasma calcium (total and ionised) and phosphate levels were not significantly different between the two groups. All group I patients continued to have elevated plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels at 6 months compared to only 1 patient in group II (p less than 0.05). Four patients in group I developed subperiosteal erosions on radiography compared to the healing of mild lesions in 2 patients in group II. Bone histomorphometry on iliac crest needle biopsy specimens revealed a significant reduction in osteoid index and seam width in group II. Serum aluminum levels decreased during the course of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and the significant staining for bone aluminum in 6 patients at the beginning of the study was no longer present in 5 patients at 6 months. Our data demonstrate that 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol is beneficial in the prevention and treatment of bone disease in children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3255486 TI - Elimination of vancomycin by continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. AB - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) is being used increasingly in pediatric patients with acute renal failure and/or other fluid and electrolyte imbalances. At times, vancomycin may be concurrently given for sepsis therapy. We evaluated the removal of vancomycin by CAVH in a 15-month-old male child with renal failure who was receiving the drug for suspected infection of an arterial catheter. Two separate CAVH treatments were performed with polysulfone membranes. Serum samples and ultrafiltrate outflow (n = 6) were collected over 79 h for vancomycin concentration determination. The mean vancomycin concentration in the ultrafiltrate was 90.4 +/- 5.4% of those of the serum. 0.53-1.11 mg of the drug was removed per hour by CAVH at serum concentrations of 12.4-25.4 mg/l. CAVH vancomycin clearance was 0.039-0.050 liter/h. The CAVH drug clearances accounted for 66.2% of the total vancomycin clearance. CAVH is thus a major route of vancomycin elimination. Dosage adjustment and serum concentration monitoring are necessary in patients undergoing CAVH while receiving vancomycin therapy. PMID- 3255487 TI - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration as emergency procedure in severe hyperkalemia. AB - Severe hyperkalemia due to acute renal failure occurred in a preterm infant of a diabetic mother. Despite infusions of calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, glucose, and insulin, the rapidly increasing serum potassium concentration resulted in ventricular flutter. After cardiac resuscitation, continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration was started for potassium elimination. Within 3 h of extracorporeal renal replacement therapy, serum potassium was lowered from 9.4 to below 7 mEq/l. Because of persisting oliguria continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration was continued for 60 h. The infant was discharged from the hospital at the age of 4 weeks with normal physical and neurological findings. PMID- 3255488 TI - Ambulatory treatment by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for an urethral stone in a hypospadic boy. AB - A 13-year-old hypospadic boy with a urethral stone was successfully treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy after various unsuccessful attempts at urological extraction. The easiness of ESWL application in this case and the quick elimination of the stone suggest that ESWL should be considered in the management of urethral calculi. PMID- 3255489 TI - Synchronized diastolic coronary sinus retroperfusion. Technique, physiologic and experimental basis, clinical experience, future perspectives. PMID- 3255490 TI - [Electrocardiographic findings in 746 hypertensive patients enrolled in the Italian section of the International Prospective Primary Prevention Study in Hypertension (IPPPSH-Italy)]. PMID- 3255491 TI - [Comparative evaluation of intrahospital clinical course and prognosis in myocardial infarct with and without Q wave]. PMID- 3255492 TI - [Familial hypercholesterolemia: clinical aspects]. PMID- 3255493 TI - [Effects of coenzyme Q10 on the contractility and fibrillation threshold of isolated rabbit heart during ischemia and reperfusion]. PMID- 3255494 TI - [Sudden death during Holter monitoring: reconstruction of resuscitation dynamics]. PMID- 3255495 TI - Evidence of late ventricular potentials in peripartal cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3255496 TI - [Sinoatrial block induced by oral diltiazem]. PMID- 3255497 TI - [Changes in the plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A in acute myocardial infarction after administration of intravenous streptokinase]. PMID- 3255498 TI - [Arterial hypertension and cerebral vascular diseases: therapeutic implications]. PMID- 3255499 TI - [False echocardiographic images of an atrial thrombus in pericarditis]. PMID- 3255500 TI - The introduction and history of HTR polymer. PMID- 3255501 TI - A polymeric bone replacement material in human oral and maxillofacial surgery. PMID- 3255502 TI - HTR polymer: present and future applications. PMID- 3255503 TI - Applications of HTR polymer in dentistry. PMID- 3255504 TI - Bone induction and the use of HTR polymer as a vehicle for osseous inductor materials. PMID- 3255505 TI - Clinical applications of HTR polymer in periodontal surgery. PMID- 3255506 TI - Initial clinical responses in human intrabony pockets to HTR polymer graft implants. PMID- 3255507 TI - Attachment of oral fibroblasts to HTR polymer. PMID- 3255508 TI - Dental caries: historic and current perspectives. PMID- 3255509 TI - The relative caries-inhibiting effect of a high-level fluoride dentifrice. PMID- 3255510 TI - The anticaries benefit of a higher fluoride content dentifrice in a Florida community. PMID- 3255511 TI - Effects of anticaries dentifrices on orthodontic subjects. PMID- 3255512 TI - Summation and a glance at the future caries problem. PMID- 3255513 TI - Temporomandibular joint arthrography: analysis of procedure-related discomfort in abnormal joints. PMID- 3255514 TI - TMJ complications associated with superior repositioning of the maxilla. PMID- 3255515 TI - Patient self-report vs. examiner assessment of TMJ symptoms: stability of correspondence rates during treatment. PMID- 3255516 TI - Systemic joint laxity and mandibular range of movement. PMID- 3255517 TI - Occlusal adjustment in the treatment of functional voice disorders. PMID- 3255518 TI - The incidence and severity of premenstrual syndrome among female craniomandibular pain patients. PMID- 3255519 TI - Clinical applications of the TMJ scale. PMID- 3255520 TI - Myofascial pain dysfunction: a case report. PMID- 3255521 TI - Ongoing assessment of oral habits in common migraine and nonheadache populations. PMID- 3255522 TI - An evaluation of a moist heating pad for the treatment of TMJ/muscle pain dysfunction. PMID- 3255523 TI - [A preliminary report on a survey of medicinal plant resources in the Dabie Mountains in Henan Province]. PMID- 3255524 TI - [Role of auxin in increasing the output of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq]. PMID- 3255525 TI - [Research on the quality of cultivated Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. in Shandong Province]. PMID- 3255526 TI - [Determination of honey content in four honey-prepared decoction slices]. PMID- 3255527 TI - [TLC-colorimetric assay of cholic acid in bezoars and angong niuhuang pills]. PMID- 3255528 TI - [The chemical constituents of Ardisia crenata Sims]. PMID- 3255529 TI - [Isolation and identification of isoflavones in the root of Caragana intermedia Kuang]. PMID- 3255530 TI - [Dual-wavelength TLC densitometric determination of alkaloids in radix Stephaniae tetrandrae]. PMID- 3255531 TI - [Determination of cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon oil by gas chromatography]. PMID- 3255532 TI - [Pharmacologic effects of xiaoshuan zaizao wan]. PMID- 3255533 TI - [Pharmacologic effects of Zea pollinium]. PMID- 3255534 TI - [Research on the diagnostic criteria of the blood-stasis symptom-complex]. PMID- 3255535 TI - [Presentation of diagnostic criteria for the blood-stasis symptom-complex in dermatology]. PMID- 3255536 TI - [On factors related to abnormalities of the sublingual vein in 530 cancer patients]. PMID- 3255537 TI - [Platelet ultrastructure and function of coronary heart disease in patients with the blood-stasis symptom-complex]. PMID- 3255538 TI - [Clinical and experimental study on the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on microcirculation and 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid in patients with coronary heart disease]. PMID- 3255539 TI - [Clinical and hemorrheologic study in treating the blood-stasis syndrome in angina pectoris with huoxue granule]. PMID- 3255541 TI - [Three lianas syrup in treating 302 cases of various types of lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3255540 TI - [Clinical and experimental study of xuefu zhuyu tang in treating qi stagnation and the blood stasis type of hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 3255542 TI - [Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on hyperfibrinogen in patients with malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 3255543 TI - [CT changes in patients with cerebrovascular disease treated with kangcu pills]. PMID- 3255544 TI - [Treatment and prevention of asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation with a huoxue huayu prescription]. PMID- 3255545 TI - [Effect of sodium ferulate on C14-arachidonic acid metabolism in rabbit platelets]. PMID- 3255546 TI - [Effect of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis herbs on bone marrow hemopoiesis]. PMID- 3255547 TI - [Effects of samupulenzhuerbu (sa-mu) and zachongzhusumu (za-chong) on platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis in animals]. PMID- 3255548 TI - [Thromboxane B2 (125I) radioimmunoassay and its clinical uses]. PMID- 3255549 TI - [6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (125I) radioimmunoassay and its preliminary application]. PMID- 3255550 TI - Effect of thyroidectomy on the release of prolactin in vitro response to calcitonin. AB - Chinese J. Physiol. 31(2):105-112, 1988. The effect of calcitonin (CT) on the release of prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) in vitro from anterior pituitary glands (APs) of thuroidectomized (Tx) and intact male rats was investigated. Male rats were Tx or sham Tx, then sacrificed 47 days later. APs were removed, quartered and incubated with CT (0 or 32 microIU/ml) and/or thyroxine (0 or 0.1 microgram/ml) at 37 degrees C for 4 h. Thyroidectomy significantly decreased PRL release in vitro. CT inhibited the release of PRL in vitro from APs of intact rats but increased PRL release from APs of Tx animals. Neither CT nor T4 affected the release of TSH in vitro. These results suggest that the modulation of CT on the release of PRL from rat anterior pituitary glands is thyroxine-dependent. PMID- 3255551 TI - Effects of propranolol on the cardiovascular responses to intracranial pressure elevation in rats. AB - This study was performed to examine the effects of propranolol on the cardiovascular responses to intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation in rats. Intracranial pressure was raised by infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid into a lateral ventricle of rat's brain. Graded increases in ICP (from base line 7 mmHg 40 mmHg and then 60 mmHg) produced a graded reduction in regional cerebral blood flow (measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter at the parietal lobe). The ICP was claimed at each level for 5 min. ICP elevation also produced an increase in both mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Furthermore, 5 min after the termination of ICP elevation, a rebounding cerebral hyperemia was observed in control rats. It was found that pretreatment of animals with an i.p. doses of 2 mg/kg of propranolol significantly reduced both the tachycardia induced by ICP elevation and the cerebral post-ischemic hyperemia. However, the hypertension induced by ICP elevation was not affected by propranolol. The results suggested that beta-adrenergic mechanisms maybe involved in the cardiovascular responses to ICP elevation. PMID- 3255552 TI - Effect of chestwall removal on expiratory flow in dogs. AB - We studied the effect of chestwall removal on Flow-Volume (F-V) curves in anesthetized dogs, by applying suction at the airway opening. Pressure and volume ranges utilized were comparable to those by others in the past for studies of expiratory flow in canine models. It was found: 1) Expiratory flow became nil at residual volume (RV) in the intact animal. On the contrary, flow after chestwall removal continued below RV, until the lung reached its minimal volume (Vmin) which averaged 11 +/- 6% TLC or 50% RV. 2) At high lung volumes, flow, particularly peak flow of F-V curves, was greater before than after chestwall removal. Thus the chestwall has a bimodal effect on flow. At low lung volumes, particularly below RV, the chestwall inhibits expiratory flow, and chestwall removal always results in flow increase, such that the lung can empty until all airways are collapsed, down to a volume of about 50% RV. On the contrary, the chestwall facilitates expiratory flow at high lung volumes, particularly at peak flow. The bimodality of chestwall effect on expiratory flow is consistent with the well known directional reversal of chestwall elastic recoil as volume changes, being nil at chestwall resting volume (Vcwr), and directing inwards (thus helping expiration) above Vcwr, or outwards (thus inhibiting expiration) below this volume (12). In a hypothetical situation of no chestwall resistance, chestwall effect on flow would be nil at Vcwr. In our experimentation, we found that the volume where the chestwall had no effect on expiratory flow averaged 71% TLC, clearly higher than Vcwr (49% TLC). We attribute the difference to the chestwall resistance. PMID- 3255553 TI - Influence of rostral neural structures on the vasomotor functions of the medulla oblongata. AB - Chinese J. Physiol 31(2): 79-93, 1988. In cats, the resting systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) which rises on electrical stimulation of the dorsal medulla (DM), ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN) under anesthesia with 2% halothane in oxygen were compared with those 30 min after termination of the inhalation (with application of lidocaine on the surgical wound and i.v. gallamine 2 mg/kg). The resting SAP under halothane were significantly lowered and functions of the DM and VLM much depressed. The depressor response of PRN stimulation was converted to the pressor one after deprivation of halothane anesthesia. In animals under little anesthetic influence, midcollicular decerebration significantly lowered the resting SAP, but both DM and VLM pressor responses were not significantly changed. In addition, the decerebration significantly diminished the peak pressor effects on PRN stimulation. Findings suggest that rostral neuro-structures do exert tonic influence (both excitatory and inhibitory) on medulla vasomotor functions. This is quite different from the classical concept, first proposed by Dittmar and Owsjannikown (1870s) and still considered nowadays as truthful, that the neural structures rostral to the caudal one third of pons was not critical in maintaining the resting SAP. PMID- 3255554 TI - Effect of estradiol on the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase in tissues of ovariectomized rats. AB - Polyamines play an important role in cellular growth and differentiation. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase (SAMD) catalyze the rate-limiting steps of polyamine formation. Many hormones have been known to affect these decarboxylase activities in their target tissues. This study investigated the effect of estradiol (E2) on the activities of ODC and SAMD and on the growth of three estrogen receptor-containing organs: uterus, kidney and liver. Two weeks after ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley rats received a subcutaneous injection of E2 (10 micrograms/rat). The ODC activity and organ weight were determined at various intervals after E2 administration. The E2 treatment increased the weight of uterus but not that of liver and kidney. In the uterus, ODC activity showed biphasic increases at 6 h and 16-24 h respectively after E2 injection. Renal ODC activity increased gradually and peaked at 18-24 h whereas hepatic ODC activity remained unchanged. Daily injection of E2 over a 3 day period provoked an increase of uterine weight, uterine ODC and SAMD activity. The same treatment also increased renal ODC activity, however it had no effect on the renal SAMD activity and the kidney Our results indicate that E2 has different effects on the activities of ODC and SAMD in three organs tested, and the increase of ODC activity is not necessarily correlated with the tissue growth. PMID- 3255555 TI - [The problems of bonding strength tests for metal-acrylic-bonds]. PMID- 3255556 TI - [Cross-sectional hardness profile of light-cured acrylic veneers]. PMID- 3255557 TI - [Testing the transverse strength of dental ceramics by three-point loading]. PMID- 3255558 TI - [Clinical results after 4 years of experience with the Dentacolor veneering composite]. PMID- 3255559 TI - [All-ceramic single unit restorations using dental veneer ceramic materials in a sintering process]. PMID- 3255560 TI - [Comparative hardness testing of veneer acrylics]. PMID- 3255561 TI - [Comparative studies on the cell tolerance of metallic crown and bridge materials in different cell cultures]. PMID- 3255562 TI - [Morphological studies on alterations in the alveolar process due to immediate bridges]. PMID- 3255563 TI - [The dimensional stability of polyether, polysulphide and silicone impression materials as well as the hardness of casts after disinfection]. PMID- 3255564 TI - [Classification of adhesive polymers for acid-etch restorations]. PMID- 3255565 TI - [A comparative evaluation of metal bonds in acid-etch bridge techniques]. PMID- 3255566 TI - [Effects of the occlusal pattern on the mandibular movements during masticatory function]. PMID- 3255567 TI - [Comparative studies on the use of stereognathography and axiography]. PMID- 3255568 TI - [The use of integrating myography in patients with occlusal disorders]. PMID- 3255569 TI - [Cermet cement for constructing temporary bite planes]. PMID- 3255570 TI - [Material studies on the three-dimensional effects of various recording materials on the jaw relations]. PMID- 3255571 TI - [Clinical use of an innovative preparation technique for Hi-Ceram crowns]. PMID- 3255572 TI - [Histological and SEM studies on the marginal fit of Hi-Ceram crowns]. PMID- 3255573 TI - [Problems in interpreting functional mandibular movements. 2. Results of natural variations of mastication on the interpretation of test results]. PMID- 3255574 TI - [Root canal preparation using the mechanical Canal Finder System]. PMID- 3255576 TI - [A comparison of oblique lateral transcranial radiographs of the TMJ with their histological correlate]. PMID- 3255575 TI - [Incorporation of fluoride from glass ionomer cements in the enamel]. PMID- 3255577 TI - [Dosage of local anesthetics during dental surgical operations]. PMID- 3255578 TI - [Thermic studies during drilling in compact bone with different cooling systems]. PMID- 3255579 TI - [The role and frequency of the palatal-gingival groove of maxillary incisors in patients with periodontal disease]. PMID- 3255580 TI - [Restoration of severely damaged teeth: retention by means of parapulpal pins]. PMID- 3255581 TI - [Studies on the machinability of polyelectrolyte-based build-up materials]. PMID- 3255582 TI - [The marginal properties of amalgam fillings]. PMID- 3255583 TI - [Experimental studies on the penetration of acids from cements through calcium hydroxide pastes]. PMID- 3255584 TI - [Dentin dressings in bacteriological test]. PMID- 3255585 TI - [Antibacterial effects of different dental alloys on bacteria of the oral microflora in vitro]. PMID- 3255586 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the quality of amalgam, acrylic and cast restorations. Results of a pilot study]. PMID- 3255587 TI - [The importance of the resistance of the pellicle to abrasion in tooth cleansing with fluoridated tooth pastes]. PMID- 3255588 TI - [The tightness of root fillings in smear-free root canals]. PMID- 3255589 TI - [Material parameters and their effects on clinical use]. PMID- 3255591 TI - [Innovations in esthetic restorations in posterior region (Ceramic): computer aided ceramic reconstruction]. PMID- 3255590 TI - [Innovations in esthetic restorations of posterior teeth using composite]. PMID- 3255592 TI - [Posterior acrylics--filling or inlay?]. PMID- 3255593 TI - [Testing the marginal adaptation of various composite acrylics in posterior teeth]. PMID- 3255594 TI - [The marginal adaptation of anterior fillings with hybrid and microfilled composites after 6 months in place]. PMID- 3255595 TI - [Grinding and polishing pastes for the surface treatment of composite polymers and glass polyalkenoate cements]. PMID- 3255596 TI - [SEM evaluation of the margins of composite fillings in dentin in vitro]. PMID- 3255597 TI - [Post-treatment evaluation of cervical glass ionomer cement and composite fillings]. PMID- 3255598 TI - [Epidemiological survey on the dental health of employees in Hamburg aged between 31 and 60 years]. PMID- 3255599 TI - [Determining the course of demineralization rate and mineral profile as a function of time in whole teeth]. PMID- 3255600 TI - [Correlations between the psychic experience of anxiety and changes in pulse rate during dental treatment]. PMID- 3255601 TI - [Cuspid abrasion facets, cuspid protected occlusion, and their effects on the mandibular elevators: an electromyographic study]. PMID- 3255602 TI - [A new method for the measurement and analysis of tooth mobility. IV. The relationship between static and dynamic tooth mobility]. PMID- 3255603 TI - [Radiosterilization of dressing plates and prostheses]. PMID- 3255604 TI - [Step-by-step treatment of progressive edematous-infiltrative ophthalmopathy in Graves' disease. Results of the treatment by plasmapheresis (stage II) and cobalt teletherapy of orbital tissues (stage III)]. PMID- 3255605 TI - Inhibitory effect of melatonin on ear epidermis cell proliferation in mice. PMID- 3255606 TI - The effect of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin on mitotic activity of thyroid gland and adrenal cortex in the rat. PMID- 3255607 TI - Quality control in fruit and vegetable processing. PMID- 3255608 TI - Traditional food plants. PMID- 3255609 TI - Review of food consumption surveys--1988. PMID- 3255610 TI - [The prevention of ionizing radiation in the dental office. 1]. PMID- 3255611 TI - [Esthetic fillings. Ultramicroscopic analysis of cavity margins]. PMID- 3255612 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia: differential diagnosis and clinical considerations]. PMID- 3255613 TI - [Caridex: a new caries removal system. Preliminary results in pedodontics]. PMID- 3255614 TI - [Radiolucent lesions. Report of a case]. PMID- 3255615 TI - [Conscious sedation in pedodontics. 2]. PMID- 3255616 TI - [Leukoedema of the oral mucosa; about "white mucositis"]. PMID- 3255617 TI - [Mandibular atrophy. Surgical correction using preformed hydroxyapatite-collagen blocks]. PMID- 3255618 TI - [Orodental pathology in aging]. PMID- 3255619 TI - [The prevention of ionizing radiation in the dental office. 2]. PMID- 3255620 TI - [Esthetic rehabilitation in fixed prosthodontics. Ceramics without metal support]. PMID- 3255621 TI - [Diagnosis of complications of nonunion of facial skeleton fractures]. PMID- 3255622 TI - [Gingival hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Surgical treatment for increase in gingival volume]. PMID- 3255624 TI - [Budget and annual review]. PMID- 3255623 TI - [Operative technic. Instrumental blocking of Stenon's duct]. PMID- 3255625 TI - [Clinical case of multiple dental agenesis. Orthodontic-prosthodontic resolution]. PMID- 3255626 TI - [Principles of geriatric pharmacology. 1. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics]. PMID- 3255627 TI - [Demand and response in myofunctional therapy]. PMID- 3255628 TI - [The Lutz cavity: fracture resistance of enamel unsupported by dentin]. PMID- 3255629 TI - [Modified vertical condensation (MVC). Canal obturation technic]. PMID- 3255630 TI - [Bacterial permeability of amalgam and composite restorations]. PMID- 3255631 TI - Project implementation: fulfilling the objectives. PMID- 3255632 TI - Occurrence screening can improve QA programs. PMID- 3255633 TI - Risk management and an evaluation of patient falls. PMID- 3255634 TI - Infection surveillance in long-term care facilities. PMID- 3255635 TI - Infection control and the long-term care centre administrator. PMID- 3255636 TI - A mock evacuation is an exercise in saving lives. PMID- 3255637 TI - Ethics and PR strategies. PMID- 3255638 TI - [Preanalytical factors in chromium analysis of blood samples]. AB - The problems connected with the collection of blood samples for chromium determination are shown with particular reference to the risk of chromium contamination which characterizes venous and capillary blood sampling. The use of various types of blood taking equipment (syringes with steel needles, platinum/ruthenium needles, intravenous catheters and lancets in steel of quarz) have been compared and analyzed (with references to the potential sources of chromium contamination during the collection and conservation of blood samples). By the use of the use of ETA-AAS "Zeema" procedure the references values of chromium in serum, read cells and whole blood in normal unexposed subjects living in a region of Northern Italy (Lombardy) have been determined. PMID- 3255639 TI - [Normal spirometric values in the Sicilian population]. AB - Principal spirometric parameters have been measured in a sample group of 1641 male subjects. Due to the significant difference in values often found when using the standards proposed by CECA (1983) (particularly in the medico-legal field) in order to obtain reference values as close as possible to the local norm the chosen subjects are clinically and functionally healthy and come from different parts of Sicily. The regression plots obtained using three independent variables (age, weight, height) other than demonstrating a good affinity with the original sample and an elevated predictivity level, underline the difference between obtained reference values and European ones (higher for VC and FEV 1; lower for FRC and RV) even though evolutive trend and ageing overlap. The above mentioned difference, found also for some parameters (VC and FEV 1) using normal Italian standards can be explained; not only by different evaluations of normal conditions, respiratory risk, smoking etc., but also by the existence of a different ethnic constitution which influences in various ways the ventilatory parameters. PMID- 3255640 TI - [Ocular symptoms and video display terminals: study of a group of video-terminal operators]. AB - Ocular symptoms have been evaluated on a VDT operators group, by using questionnaires and an ophthalmological screening. The results show that some ocular fatigue symptoms are much more frequent in VDT operators in comparison with the control group. VDT operators working more than 4 hours/day at VDT are the most affected. PMID- 3255641 TI - [Vitiligo appearing after contact with mud containing solvents: an occupational cause?]. AB - The authors describe one case of Vitiligo in a worker employed in a firm for the exploitation of underground energetic products. The disease occurred after contact with the mud used for the drilling containing aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed. PMID- 3255642 TI - [The factors influencing glycolysis of human saliva]. PMID- 3255643 TI - [Clinical results of Evadyne (zinc oxide-eugenol-guaiacol cement) applied to indirect pulp capping]. PMID- 3255644 TI - [The relationship between bilateral symmetry and annual changes in eruption types]. PMID- 3255645 TI - [The relationship between ninhydrin positive material in human saliva and oral bacterial flora]. PMID- 3255646 TI - [Roentgenographic investigation of the mandibular third molar tooth (2d report)]. PMID- 3255647 TI - [A roentgenocephalometric study of the growth of children's pituitary fossa and craniofacial complex. Relationship between pituitary fossa and anterior facial height]. PMID- 3255648 TI - [Effect of vitamin U on the colony formation of oral epithelial cells in vitro]. PMID- 3255649 TI - [A clinical evaluation of N-CV as new calcium hydroxide paste]. PMID- 3255650 TI - [Three-dimensional architecture of the oral mucous epithelium of the frog (Rana nigromaculata)]. PMID- 3255651 TI - [Surface architecture of the stratified squamous epithelium of the amphibian (Rana nigromaculata): comparison with mammalian oral epithelial cells]. PMID- 3255652 TI - [Gingival carcinoma featured by chronic periodontitis. The clinical characteristics and histogenesis]. PMID- 3255653 TI - [The effect of combination of the salivary supernatant and sediment on glycolysis]. PMID- 3255654 TI - [The comparison of the status of the dental caries prevalence of the children in the day-nursery with that of the children in the kindergarten in Koriyama, Fukushima prefecture in 1987]. PMID- 3255655 TI - [Timing of administration of cariogenic diet and elemental composition in the rat enamel]. PMID- 3255656 TI - [Pollen-induced allergy. Programming and monitoring of specific immunotherapy]. PMID- 3255657 TI - [Effect of kerosine hydrocarbons and phenobarbital on components of the microsomal electron transport chain in the rat liver]. PMID- 3255658 TI - [Effect of nicotine on mesenteric circulation and tissue oxygen uptake]. PMID- 3255659 TI - [Protective effect of phenobarbital in toxic liver damage by kerosine hydrocarbons in rats]. PMID- 3255660 TI - [Cadmium level in the blood of the Cracow population]. PMID- 3255661 TI - Mutagenic potential of modified DNA precursors in vivo: fate of O6 methyldeoxyguanosine triphosphate in Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 3255662 TI - Roles of eIF-2 and eIF-2-associated proteins in regulation of protein synthesis during growth of animal cells in culture. PMID- 3255663 TI - Isolation and characterisation of a tandemly repeated DNA sequence from the crucifer Sisymbrium irio. PMID- 3255664 TI - Modelling DNA recognition by proteins: interaction of an Asn dipeptide with DNA. PMID- 3255665 TI - Cloning and characterization of ribosomal RNA genes of catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. PMID- 3255666 TI - Transgenic plants: horizontal transfer of nifHD DNA to tobacco. PMID- 3255667 TI - Dynamic nature of B to Z transition: role of DNA supercoiling and Z-DNA binding protein. PMID- 3255668 TI - Membrane modifying activity of four peptide components of antiamoebin, a microheterogeneous fungal antibiotic. PMID- 3255669 TI - The quaternary structure of soybean agglutinin: chemical cross-linking studies. PMID- 3255670 TI - Isolation of parathymosin. PMID- 3255671 TI - Structural proteins of rinderpest virus. II: Purification and characterization of the nucleocapsid protein N, the haemagglutinin protein, H and the matrix protein, M. PMID- 3255672 TI - Is the role of basic amino terminal arm replaced by polyamines in tymoviruses? PMID- 3255673 TI - Role of B-ring of colchicine in its binding to tubulin. PMID- 3255674 TI - Expression of energy status of brain in ischemia. PMID- 3255675 TI - Role of neuronal and glial tubulin on rat brain development. PMID- 3255676 TI - Oscillations in wheat chloroplast photochemical activity: Part III- Characterization of the possible oscillators in electron transport chain. PMID- 3255677 TI - Mechanisms of light state transition in photosynthesis of green plants and red algae. PMID- 3255678 TI - Inhibition of nitrogenase by NO. PMID- 3255679 TI - Interaction of cibacron blue F3GA with human liver serine hydroxymethyltransferase. PMID- 3255680 TI - Conformationally vicinal thiols of UDP-glucose-4-epimerase from Saccharomyces fragilis: selective roles in maintaining coenzyme fluorescence and activity. PMID- 3255681 TI - Studies on distribution and changes in concentration of iron and iron-dependent inhibitor protein of hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase. PMID- 3255682 TI - Alternative routes of carbohydrate metabolism in halophilic archaebacteria. PMID- 3255683 TI - Characterization of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase from human placenta. PMID- 3255684 TI - Elimination of factors interfering in the estimation of serum glycated albumin. PMID- 3255685 TI - Long-term effects of female sex steroids on female rat liver in an initiator promoter model of hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 3255686 TI - Alloxan recovered rabbits as animal model for screening for hypoglycaemic activity of compounds. PMID- 3255687 TI - Hydatid disease of lung--a clinical study of thirty cases. PMID- 3255688 TI - Modulation of type-I skin hypersensitivity reactions by bronchodilators. PMID- 3255689 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis in silicosis. PMID- 3255690 TI - Psychiatric disorders in COPD with special reference to the usefulness of imipramine-diazepam combination. PMID- 3255691 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst presenting as a posterior mediastinal mass. PMID- 3255692 TI - Omovertebral bone, cervicothoracic deformity and patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 3255693 TI - Childhood pulmonary hydatid cyst. PMID- 3255694 TI - Esophago coloplasty for esophago-pleural fistula. PMID- 3255695 TI - Blunt traumatic rupture of cervical trachea. PMID- 3255696 TI - Cataract blindness and manpower planning. PMID- 3255697 TI - Dermis fat grafting in contracted socket. PMID- 3255698 TI - Reconstruction of the lower lid using the upper lid. PMID- 3255699 TI - Pupillary involvement in autonomic dysfunction--a study in chronic renal failure. PMID- 3255700 TI - Vision in childhood aphakia. PMID- 3255701 TI - Amino acids in retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 3255702 TI - Orbital haemorrhage following retrobulbar injection. PMID- 3255703 TI - Risk factor profile in retinal detachment. PMID- 3255705 TI - Lamellar ichthyosis (collodian baby) with severe bilateral ectropion. PMID- 3255704 TI - Clinico-histopathological study of the eye in leprosy. PMID- 3255706 TI - Pandian's cryo adapter. PMID- 3255707 TI - Extradural haemorrhage: strategies for management in remote places. AB - A study of 109 cases of extradural haemorrhage (EDH) treated in South Australia over a period of 7 years showed that 35 cases (32.1 per cent) presented in country areas at considerable distances from a neurosurgical service: the mortality in these country cases was 22.9 per cent, comparing unfavourably with a mortality of 12.2 per cent in metropolitan cases. The country series contained a disproportionately large number of cases with multiple intracranial haemorrhages, which are known to have a poorer outcome; when these cases were excluded, the rural mortality (12.5 per cent) was only a little over the metropolitan mortality (9.7 per cent). These data suggest that it is possible to manage extradural haemorrhages successfully even in places remote from a neurosurgical centre, if communications and air transport are used effectively. However, it was found that emergency operations carried out in country hospitals were sometimes inadequate or done too late. Medical retrieval teams based on city hospitals were sent out on 15 occasions, either to assist a general surgeon to complete an emergency operation, or to provide intensive care during transfer to a neurosurgical unit. Osmotherapy (mannitol and/or frusemide) has been useful in gaining time for transfer; the choice between immediate operation and transfer may be difficult, and decisions should take transfer time, clinical state and rate of deterioration into account. PMID- 3255709 TI - Guidewire centering instrument. AB - A new instrument for centering the guidewire into the neck of the femur has been designed and clinically tested for 2 years. It enables the surgeon to vary the position of the guidewire relative to the long axis of the neck of the femur and to achieve the desired position in two planes, anteroposterior and lateral. The objective is to reduce operating time and minimize irradiation to patients and staff when using metal implants to fix a fracture of the neck of the femur. PMID- 3255708 TI - The long-term outcome following Darrach's procedure for complications of fractures of the distal radius. AB - The long-term results of 31 Darrach's procedures performed for pain or limitation of movement following fractures involving the distal end of the radius are presented. Movements of the wrist and forearm were considerably improved and pain was relieved. Strength of grip did not return to normal, although patients were not much troubled by this. PMID- 3255710 TI - Fractures of the tibial plateau in Nottingham. AB - A total of 45 patients, with fractures of the tibial plateau, were assessed. A method of joint evaluation is proposed that modifies the existing grading of these fractures to give a better assessment for treatment. PMID- 3255711 TI - Pattern of peripheral traumatic neuropathy of the upper limb in Lagos. AB - A total of 181 patients with 254 injured nerves in the upper limbs were prospectively studied. The ages of the patients ranged from 6 weeks to 70 years, with a mean of 25.9 years and a male to female ratio of 4:1. The site of injury for 123 nerves in 83 patients was the wrist. A torn wound was the commonest type of injury, causing nerve damage in 127 patients. The ulnar nerve (114) was more frequently involved than other nerves. There were 92 median, 34 radial and 14 cervicobrachial nerves. The nerve injury was missed at the initial emergency operation in 31 patients (17 per cent). Glass of various types caused the injury in 89 patients involving 119 nerves. Of all glass wounded nerves 60 per cent were caused by domestic architectural window, door and furniture glass. Accidental fall or punch and forced opening or closure were the mechanism of injury in 71 patients. Strict glass safety regulations and education of the public on the dangers of glass are recommended for prevention of glass-related injuries. PMID- 3255712 TI - Prilocaine leakage during tourniquet inflation in intravenous regional anaesthesia: the influence of fracture manipulation. AB - Recent evidence has shown that there may be leakage of anaesthetic drugs into the systemic circulation during the tourniquet inflation phase of intravenous regional anaesthesia. This, together with increased pressure in forearm vessels during manipulation of fractures, prompted the measurement of arterial levels of local anaesthetic to assess potential toxicity. Prilocaine levels were measured in nine patients undergoing manipulation of Colles' fractures and six patients undergoing other upper limb procedures. Eleven patients had measurable concentrations of prilocaine in the arterial circulation during the time the tourniquet was inflated, the maximum levels being measured in those patients having fractures manipulated. Considerable vigilance should be ensured during the time of tourniquet inflation in intravenous regional anaesthesia, particularly for fracture manipulation. PMID- 3255713 TI - Radiation dosage during AO locking femoral nailing. AB - Radiation dosages to both the patient and the surgeon were measured during 10 consecutive AO locking nail procedures. The total screening time for each procedure averaged 12 min 8 s; the average screening time for distal locking was 6 min 52 s. Radiation dosages to surgeons' hands, thyroid and gonads and to the patients were well within permitted safety levels. PMID- 3255714 TI - Unusual open injury of multiple metacarpophalangeal joints. PMID- 3255715 TI - Treatment of fractures of the medial epicondyle of the humerus. AB - Forty-three children with a fracture of the medial epicondyle were reviewed; 20 had had non-operative treatment and 23 had been treated by operation. Any final disability was slight, irrespective of the treatment used. Although surgery was more likely to restore the fragment to its normal position (P = 0.0001) and achieve bony union (P = 0.04), minor symptoms were less common in the non operatively treated group (P = 0.02). Instability of the elbow could not be demonstrated in any of the patients. It is recommended that operative treatment is employed only when an intra-articular fragment cannot be removed from the joint by manipulation. PMID- 3255716 TI - Fractures of the metatarsals: management of complicated injuries with a simple traction system. AB - A simple method of skeletal traction is described to facilitate management of complicated multiple fractures of the metatarsals following crush injuries of the foot. The system uses Brock's pins and a modified Nissen loop to achieve either balanced traction or fixed traction. Satisfactory alignment of the fractures can be maintained whilst soft tissue disorders are dealt with. PMID- 3255717 TI - The plica syndrome. AB - A retrospective study of 89 patients undergoing 98 arthroscopies of the knee in which a medial synovial plica was noted was undertaken. In 86 cases, the plica was deemed to be pathological and was resected arthroscopically. The symptoms and signs of these patients were noted preoperatively and the results of their operation noted in the outpatient department and subsequently by questionnaire. Our findings agree with other authors in this field and we propose that arthroscopic resection of a pathological plica is a worthwhile procedure. PMID- 3255718 TI - Pelvic injuries associated with traumatic abduction of the leg. AB - We report a series of six severe pelvic injuries associated with traumatic abduction of the leg. All sustained a severe fracture of the pelvis associated with a deep perineal wound extending into the anus. Laparotomy was usually required to control haemorrhage and packing was only effective once the pelvis had been stabilized by external fixation. A sigmoid loop colostomy was required in all five initial survivors because of sphincter disruption, but three out of four long-term survivors are now fully continent. If mortality is to be reduced, blood loss must be rapidly controlled and sepsis prevented. PMID- 3255719 TI - Bladder and urethral injuries associated with fractures of the pelvis in Zaria, Nigeria. AB - Among 3540 trauma patients received at the A.B.U. Hospital, Zaria between 1972 and 1982, 350 had fractures of the pelvis, and 127 of these had associated injuries of the urinary bladder and urethra. They comprised 90 men and 37 women. Bladder and urethral contusion were the commonest injuries in 56 patients who required only catheter drainage. Surgical explorations and repairs were necessary in 71. Of the anatomical categories, pelvic posterior fractures occurred in 55 patients and were associated with a larger proportion of major non-urinary injuries, ruptured bladder and a greater fatality rate. PMID- 3255720 TI - Bilateral stress fractures of the ulna. AB - A previously undescribed case of bilateral stress fractures of the ulna is reported. The cause is attributed to inappropriate use of weight-bearing crutches. Biomechanical comparison is made with other known causes of stress fractures in the bones of the upper limb. PMID- 3255721 TI - Luxatio erecta--two cases without direct injury. AB - Two cases of erect dislocation of the shoulder occurring during racket sports without associated falls or direct violence to the shoulder are reported. Both were mistaken for anterior dislocations and in one, with unrecognized brachial plexus injury, reduction was delayed with subsequent prolonged and incomplete neurological recovery. Erect dislocation should be recognized as a separate entity with a high incidence of neurological damage and requiring a different method of reduction. PMID- 3255722 TI - Trigeminal pain due to whiplash injury. PMID- 3255723 TI - Application of methods used in survival analysis to growth and nutritional studies. AB - Three statistical methods are described and illustrated with working examples. Using these methods it is possible to include all subjects involved in cross sectional studies in calculations of results, even if the data are incomplete at the end of the investigation. The use of censored data is taken from survival analysis. It is shown that combination of the Kaplan-Meier estimate, the log-rank test and the proportional hazards model gives more satisfactory results in nutritional and growth studies. PMID- 3255724 TI - Postnatal brain growth and allometry in the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus. AB - A new four-parameter version of Putter's growth curve (Putter, 1920) recently developed by Jolicoeur and Pirlot (1988) is applied to cross-sectional data on brain and body weight in 66 male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) ranging up to one year in postnatal age. Apart from the olfactory bulb, in which there appears to be no initial delay, the estimated initial delays range from 21.7 days (after fertilization) for the cerebellum to 29.9 days for the cerebrum, which suggests that the weight of most regions of the brain, as well as body weight, start increasing rapidly only toward the end of pregnancy (30 days on the average). These initial delays may be related to the fact that rabbits are born very small, naked, blind, and helpless. Expressed on log-log scales, bivariate allometric trajectories have very diverse shapes, including approximate straight lines, curves possessing a single upward or downward convexity, and even sigmoid or inverted sigmoid curves. It seem doubtful whether, if age were unknown, a reasonably simple mathematical function could possess enough flexibility to describe all of these kinds of relationships satisfactorily. PMID- 3255725 TI - Protein turnover and growth of L8 muscle cultures in serum from rats fed clenbuterol. AB - Beta-adrenergic agonists stimulate muscle growth in chronically treated animals. The response may be primary (receptor binding directly stimulates anabolism) or secondary (circulating levels of hormones or other factors regulate muscle mass). Although B-receptors are functional in L8 muscle cells in culture, a direct effect of B-agonists on protein turnover in culture has not been demonstrated. To determine whether the stimulation of muscle growth is a secondary effect, we assessed the anabolic activity of sera from both clenbuterol-treated rats and normal rats in L8 cultured muscle cells. Rats were fed either normal diet or diet containing ten parts per million clenbuterol for seven days. Blood was collected from the inferior vena cava of rats under metofane anaesthesia and serum prepared. The anabolic activities of serum were measured in cultures of either myoblasts (still dividing) or fused myotubes (non-dividing) to distinguish mitogenic action from alteration in rates of protein turnover. Sera from both normal and clenbuterol-treated rats gave the same stimulation of protein synthesis in myotube cultures. Sera from both groups of rats contained factors which inhibited protein degradation, stimulated amino isobutyric acid (AIB) and thymidine uptake (myoblasts only). These processes were not augmented by sera from rats treated with clenbuterol. Protein accumulation was equivalent after 48 hours of exposure to either test sera. In conclusion, adult rat serum contained anabolic factors but there was no evidence for an increase in activity in serum from clenbuterol-treated rats. PMID- 3255726 TI - Growth response after administration of pharmacological doses of growth hormone in rats. AB - Increased levels of endogenous growth hormone (GH) during childhood and adolescence result in a significant elevation of final height both in humans and in laboratory animals. We investigated the growth promoting effects of the administration of pharmacological doses of human GH (25 to 100 IU/kg/day) in 7 rats with severe intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) due to artificially induced embryofetal alcohol syndrome (EFAS). Such doses of GH led to a marked growth spurt during the time of administration (14 days) exceeding the expected daily length and weight gain significantly, compared to placebo-treated EFAS litter and healthy controls (P less than 0.01, resp. P less than 0.05). This growth increment persisted in all treated animals throughout the total period of observation (250 days). Three out of the seven animals even showed incremental growth curves of both length and weight that stayed continuously within the +/- 2 standard deviation range of normally growing animals. Thus, it is shown for the first time that also exogenous GH administered temporarily at doses beyond the physiological level results in a significant elevation of final body size. PMID- 3255727 TI - Mini-editorial set: selection for longer-lived rodents. PMID- 3255728 TI - Wound healing: a foundation for future surgeons. PMID- 3255729 TI - Growth factors bFGF and TGB beta accelerate the rate of wound repair in normal and in diabetic rats. AB - The effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) on the rate of wound repair in both normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated using two model systems of wound repair, namely incisional wounding and subcutaneous implantation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges. Both models showed the expected wound-healing defects of the diabetic rats. Granulation tissue collected from the implanted PVA sponges showed that the diabetic rats had reduced amounts of collagen, DNA and protein present at the wound site at two time points tested (7 and 9 days post implantation). Fresh tensile strength of the incisional wounds, a measure of the collagen organization in a wound, was reduced to 53% of normal in diabetic rats on day 7 post-wounding, and was only 29% of normal by day 21. Formalin-fixed tensile strength, a measure of collagen content of the wound, was 41% of normal on day 7, and 78% of normal by day 21, giving evidence that while the collagen concentration of the diabetic wounds approached that of normal wounds, it did not undergo the normal maturation process. A single injection of 2 micrograms of TGF beta directly into the incision three days after wounding resulted in little difference in the fresh and fixed tensile strength of diabetic wounds when tested at 7, 14 and 21 days post-wounding. Normal rats, however, responded well, resulting in a greater than 30% increase in both fresh and fixed tensile strength.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3255730 TI - Influence of an epidermal cell extract on skin healing and scar formation. AB - We have examined the possible regulatory role of epidermal cell extract(s) (ECE) on skin cells, namely fibroblasts and keratinocytes, both in vivo and in vitro with particular reference to modification of scar formation. In an experimental wound model in pigs, it was found that extracts of cultured human and pig keratinocytes stimulated replication of epidermal cells and their migration from wound edges and remnants of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, together with hair growth, but at the same time suppressed fibroblast proliferation in the dermis. Sections of healing skin wounds that had been treated with ECE showed the presence of a thick layer of epidermal cells lying on relatively sparse dermis. There was little or no contraction in treated wounds and scarring was minimal. Clinical studies of granulomatous lesions of horses and ulcerated wounds in dogs that had been treated with ECE supported these findings. In contrast to its apparently general stimulation of keratinocytes in vivo, ECE had a highly selective effect in vitro on epidermal cells plated at low density in the absence of a feeder layer, which suggests that its action in vivo may be confined to a specific sub-population of rapidly proliferating keratinocytes or alternatively mediated through a second messenger from another type of cell. The inhibitory effect of epidermal cell extract on fibroblasts in vitro was shown by its ability to prevent the contraction of collagen sponges by fibroblasts. These results suggest an important role for epidermal factors in the growth regulation of both epidermal and dermal cells during wound healing. PMID- 3255731 TI - Wound healing: the present and the future development of the research. PMID- 3255732 TI - Time dependent zinc distribution in the development of the BW7756 murine hepatoma. AB - The Zn levels in selected tissue types were measured in a study of the BW7756 murine hepatoma utilizing 65Zn as a tracer. The total body burden and individual tissue activities (including tumor) were recorded at predetermined stages of tumor growth and directly compared to those obtained from normal (healthy) animals. 65Zn fluctuations observed with disease progression were correlated to the growth curve of the carcinoma. Normalization of individual tissue activities to the total body activity, the control of geometry and lack of significant attenuation of the accompanying gamma ray are unique advantages in the use of this isotope. PMID- 3255733 TI - The fall in the incorporation of labelled iron into the bone marrow during enhanced erythropoiesis: this paradox explained by changes in ferrokinetics and cytokinetics using the model of mice affected by thyroid hormones. AB - Using the model of mice affected by thyroid hormones, a ferrokinetic analysis was made of the repeatedly observed paradoxical fall in the incorporation of labelled iron into the bone marrow under conditions of the overall stimulation of erythrocyte formation. PMID- 3255734 TI - Stabilization of stannous pyrophosphate kits with gentisic acid. AB - We evaluated the ability of gentisic acid, an antioxidant, to stabilize stannous pyrophosphate (Sn:PPi) kits and extend the shelf-life of the kit after reconstitution. In vitro studies showed that gentisic acid (0.5 mg/mL) stabilized the stannous ion against oxidation by various levels of exogenous hydrogen peroxide. In patients who received stabilized Sn:PPi for in vivo red blood cell labelling, the left ventricle-to-background activity ratio was significantly higher than that in patients who received a standard formation of Sn:PPi. Gentisic acid is now used routinely in the Sn:PPi kit formulation in this institution. PMID- 3255735 TI - Comparison of the biodistribution of 153Gd-labeled Gd(DTPA)2-, Gd(DOTA)-, and Gd(acetate)n in mice. AB - The biodistributions of 153Gd-labeled Gd(DTPA)2-, Gd(DOTA)-, and Gd(acetate)n were determined in mice at five residence times. Gd(DTPA)2- and Gd(DOTA)- had similar distributions with greater than 89% renally excreted in 1 h. At 7 days and longer after Gd(DTPA)2- administration, 153Gd bone levels were higher than could be attributed to free 153Gd3+, suggesting that Gd(DTPA)2- dechelates in vivo. Gd(DOTA)- did not appear to dechelate. Gd(acetate)n did not readily clear and 153Gd levels remained high in liver, lungs, and spleen for 28 days. PMID- 3255736 TI - Uptake of three [3H]progestins by target tissues in vivo: implications for the design of diagnostic imaging agents. AB - We have investigated the tissue distribution of radioactivity for 0.5-4 h following the i.v. injection of three tritium-labeled progestins in estrogen primed, immature rats. Whereas [3H]progesterone shows minimal uterine uptake (less than 0.7% injected dose per gram; %ID/g), the two higher affinity, synthetic progestins [3H]R 5020 (promegestrone) and [3H]ORG 2058 show highly selective uptake that reaches 4-5% ID/g by 1-3 h. The uterus to non-target tissue activity ratio at 2-4 h is approximately 12-20 for R 5020 and ORG 2058, but less than 2 for progesterone; the uterus to blood activity ratio for R 5020 is also high (approximately 15), but is lower for ORG 2058, possibly due to the accumulation of radiolabeled metabolites in the blood. The uterine uptake is selectively blocked by simultaneous injection of a large dose of unlabeled steroid, indicating that the uptake is mediated by a high affinity, low capacity binding system, presumably the progesterone receptor. Pronounced uptake is also observed by the liver and into fat, but is not receptor-mediated. The highly selective target tissue uptake by the two synthetic steroids, but not by progesterone, indicates that one must have ligands with sufficiently high affinity for the target tissue receptor, as well as low affinity for certain non receptor binding proteins, in order to obtain adequate contrast between target and non-target tissues in dynamic uptake studies. These guidelines will be important in the development of suitable in vivo imaging agents based on the progesterone receptor. PMID- 3255737 TI - Preparation and evaluation of technetium-99m labeled cardiac glycoside derivatives as potential myocardial imaging agent. AB - Three cardiac glycosides, two natural, cymarin and convallotoxin and one synthetic, strophanthidin-beta-D-glucoside were converted to their thiosemicarbazone and subsequently radiolabeled with 99mTc by chelation. The resulting radioactive chelate complexes were evaluated in animals to determine the suitability of this class of compounds for myocardial imaging. It was observed from the animal biodistribution data of the three radioactive compounds, there was a considerable variation in the heart to non-target organ uptake ratio. A possible explanation of this variation was offered in the light of their lipophilic character, protein binding ability and affinity towards non-target receptors. It is anticipated that this study may help to develop a 99mTc-cardiac glycoside complex with better distribution characteristics, and such a compound may offer a suitable alternative to 201Tl, which is at present used for myocardial imaging. PMID- 3255738 TI - Nuclear medicine studies of aging--III. Radial bone mineral content by single and dual photon absorptiometry. AB - Measurement of bone mineral content of the radius has been possible by single photon absorptiometry. Recently, dual photon devices have become widely used for measuring the quantity of lumbar vertebral bone mineral. Therefore, we studied the utility of a dual beam machine for quantifying the bone mineral content of the radius, and compared results with those obtained by single photon absorptiometry in the same patient on the same day. There was an excellent correlation between single and dual beam measurements of the radius. The present study indicates that a dual photon machine can be used for assessing not only vertebral, but radial bone mineral content as well. This may facilitate studies of the two sites by use of one machine. PMID- 3255739 TI - Influence of circulating antigen on blood pool activity of a radioiodinated monoclonal antibody. AB - Athymic mice with and without circulating CA 125 antigen were injected with 0.1 100 micrograms of 131I-labeled OC 125 F(ab')2 antibody fragment. Both the blood clearance of 131I activity and the change in serum CA 125 were monitored over 24 h. Influence of CA 125 on blood pool activity could be avoided only at the 100 micrograms dose. In patient studies, circulating CA 125 levels decreased for the first 2 h after injection of OC 125 F(ab')2 but generally returned to preinjection levels shortly thereafter. In vitro binding studies using the sera from patients injected with 131I-labeled OC 125 F(ab')2 suggest that circulating CA 125 could interfere with the tumor uptake of the labeled antibody. PMID- 3255740 TI - Technetium-99m labeled 50H.19 antibody fragments: interaction of the antibody with platelets. AB - The monoclonal antibody 50H.19 recognized three antigens (Mr = 31-, 40-, 45-K) on normal and thromboasthenic platelets, but only one (Mr = 31-K) on Bernard-Soulier platelets. The intact antibody and its F(ab')2 fragments, had direct platelet aggregating activity, and induced the platelet release reaction. The intact antibody potentiated platelet aggregation induced by platelet-activating factor or thrombin. Additions of indomethacin did not inhibit aggregation: addition of PGI2, or a calcium channel blocker completely inhibited aggregation. A reduced amount of platelet-aggregating activity was observed with antibody fragments prepared for labeling with 99mTc by pre-exposure to stannous ions, and herein used in biodistribution studies and elsewhere in thrombus imagining studies (J. Nucl. Med. 27: 1315; 1986). Antibody fragments radiolabeled with 99mTc bound to isolated platelets and to clots containing platelets. PMID- 3255741 TI - 99mTc-nitrido radiopharmaceuticals based on nitrogen heterocyclic ligands containing a thiol group. AB - The chromatographic and in vivo behaviour in mice of the 99mTcN- and 99mTc(Sn) complexes of 2-mercaptopyridine, 2-mercaptopyrimidine, thiouracil, 6 mercaptopurine and thioguanine is compared. The biological distribution of the 99mTcN-complexes is generally different to that of the 99mTc(Sn)-complexes of the same ligand with the difference being very dependent on the structure of the ligand. The 99mTcN-mercaptopyrimidine complex has potential as a blood-cell labelling agent. PMID- 3255742 TI - Synthesis, affinity and specificity of 18F-setoperone, a potential ligand for in vivo imaging of cortical serotonin receptors. AB - Setoperone, a piperidine derivative known for its potent serotonin and moderate dopamine receptor blocking properties was labelled with the positron emitter 18F using a nucleophilic substitution on the nitro derivative. The general pattern of the in-vivo and in-vitro rat brain distribution of this new radioligand was consistent with the mapping of serotonin (5HT2) and dopamine (D2) receptors. The cortical binding of 18F-setoperone was selectively inhibited by ketanserin and not by sulpiride. The affinity of the radiofluorinated ligand for the serotonin receptors was in the nanomolar range (Kd = 0.7 nM). PMID- 3255744 TI - Benefits of biotechnology to pharmaceutical industry. PMID- 3255743 TI - 99mTc-MDP uptake and histological changes during rat bone marrow regeneration. AB - An established experimental model of tibial bone regeneration in rats was used in order to try to provide further information on the binding site of 99mTc-MDP, which is still not clearly defined. Four groups of rats on which surgical tibial bone marrow evacuation was performed and two control groups (nonoperated animals and sham-operated animals) underwent bone scan during the different stages of marrow regeneration; they were killed immediately after, and histological examination carried out. The correlation between the scintigraphic and the histological findings suggests that 99mTc-MDP binds primarily to calcification sites in young bone trabecules. PMID- 3255745 TI - Structure/function relationship in macrolide polyene antibiotics. PMID- 3255746 TI - Colorimetric determination of amoxycillin in presence of penicillins and cephalosporins. PMID- 3255747 TI - Production of free amino acids by some species of Penicillium. PMID- 3255748 TI - Laboratory evaluation of essential oil of Mentha piperita Linn. against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. PMID- 3255749 TI - A rare microsporosis from Satpura region: identity and discussion on its taxonomy. PMID- 3255750 TI - Studies on competitive saprophytic colonization of Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. Causing foot-rot disease of barley under certain pesticidal treatments. PMID- 3255751 TI - Do anaphase chromosomes chew their way to the pole or are they pulled by actin? PMID- 3255752 TI - Analysis of a Dictyostelium chemotaxis mutant with altered chemoattractant binding. AB - A Dictyostelium discoideum mutant defective in folate chemotaxis has been analysed using biochemical, behavioural, and genetic methods. A subset of the cell-surface folate binding sites appeared to be locked in a high-affinity state from which folate dissociated extremely slowly. Changes in cell area and motility induced by step increases in folate required 10- to 100-fold higher concentrations than in the wild type. Folate-stimulated cyclic GMP production was also altered. Chemotactic responses to cyclic AMP as well as cyclic AMP stimulated cyclic GMP production were normal. The mutation responsible for the chemotaxis defect, termed folA1000, was localized to linkage group IV. The alterations in folate binding and sensitivity to folate co-localized with the folA1000 mutation. We conclude that the folA1000 mutation arrests the folate chemotaxis receptor in a high affinity state that can only poorly transduce folate binding into chemotactic responses. PMID- 3255753 TI - Functionally polarized layers formed by epidermal cells on a permeable transparent collagen film. AB - Rat epidermal cells were cultured on a transparent collagen film, which was permeable to low Mr substances. Then the cells were bathed in both media (apical and basal), which were separated by the collagen membrane. The cells formed a multi-layered epidermal sheet with well-developed structures of desmosomes. This sheet on a permeable support was found to be an effective permeability barrier for glucose and amino acids. The epidermal layer showed functional polarity for the uptake and excretion of nutrients, metabolites and newly synthesized proteins: glucose and amino acids were taken up exclusively from the basal medium and lactate was secreted selectively into the same medium, whereas ammonia was secreted into the apical medium. The apical media became more acidic than the basal ones, presumably due to the preferential distribution of H+ transport systems on the apical side of the epidermal layer. The epidermal cells that expressed functional polarities in vitro as described above were able to proliferate and differentiate, and remained healthy for as long as at least 40 days even using a conventional culture medium with foetal calf serum, but without any special growth factors and feeder cells. PMID- 3255754 TI - Dissociation and re-assembly of the endoplasmic reticulum in live cells. AB - The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of a typical interphase 3T3 fibroblast consists of a compact perinuclear arrangement of cisternae and lamellae which can be observed by immunofluorescence with anti-endoplasmin. During mitosis the reticulum dissociates into small fragments from which it appears to re-assemble in the daughter cells. When interphase 3T3 cells are exposed to calcium ionophores, but not other ionophores, there is a similar dissociation of the ER into small uniform fragments, which are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy shows that the fragments consist of small vesicular structures and that essentially all of the rough ER except the nuclear envelope is dissociated. The dissociation of the ER by calcium ionophore is a relatively specific process since other organelles and supramolecular assemblies remain unaffected. When cells with dissociated ER are returned to normal medium, there is a rapid reassembly of the fragments into the continuous reticulum. In a proportion of the cells it is possible to observe linear arrays of the fragments, which probably represent intermediates in the re-assembly process. These observations demonstrate that the ER in interphase 3T3 cells can be dissociated into, and re assembled from, small fragments. Re-assembly of the ER from the fragments is dependent on the presence of millimolar levels of calcium in the external medium. In the presence of calcium, re-assembly is inhibited by the calcium channel blocker, verapamil. Thus calcium ions appear to play an important role in ER structure and assembly. PMID- 3255755 TI - Serum from partially hepatectomized rats induces primary hepatocytes to enter S phase: a role for prostaglandins? AB - Serum obtained from partially hepatectomized rats 1, 3 or 24 h after operation was more effective in stimulating DNA synthesis in primary adult rat hepatocytes than serum from sham-operated rats; exposure to the serum for 2 h was sufficient to promote growth. Serum from the partially hepatectomized rats contained elevated levels of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha; it promoted hepatocytes to release prostaglandins into their culture medium. Growth-promoting effects of the serum and its capacity to elicit prostaglandin release into the culture medium were inhibited by 0.1 mM-indomethacin or 1 mM-aspirin. 0.1 mM-indomethacin also prevented DNA synthesis if the inhibitor were added 4 h after growth had been initiated by serum from partially hepatectomized rats, suggesting that prostaglandins continue to be important for the maintenance of hepatocyte growth for at least 6 h. PMID- 3255756 TI - Neuronal maintenance and neurite extension of adult mouse neurones in non neuronal cell-reduced cultures is dependent on substratum coating. AB - Adult mouse DRG neurones have been maintained for 14 days in cultures where non neuronal cell proliferation was inhibited by the inclusion of 5 x 10(-6) microM cytosine arabinoside (AraC) in the medium from the onset of culture. On uncoated plastic neurone numbers significantly declined in the absence of non-neuronal cell outgrowth compared with uninhibited co-cultures. However, when neurones were maintained in the presence of AraC on certain coated surfaces this decrease in neurone numbers was not observed. Combinations of fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LAM) proved most effective for 7 and 14 days in vitro, although either was beneficial if used separately. Microexudates produced by the fibroblast line, 3T6, also significantly improved neuronal counts for 14 days in vitro. However, a microexudate derived from primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes, although advantageous for 7 days in vitro, was not effective in maintaining neurones over the 14-day culture period, reminiscent of previous observations when synthetic cationic agents were used. Electrophoretic analysis of the fibroblast exudate indicated that fibronectin was present in the substrate-attached material generated by this cell line. The reduction in non-neuronal cell growth facilitated the monitoring of neuronal structural detail by scanning electron microscopy. Examination of neurite extension, indicative of neurone differentiation, was particularly improved. FN/LAM and the fibroblast-derived exudate increased nerve fibre growth, whilst the hepatocyte exudate had little effect on neurite regeneration, and polylysine had a detrimental effect. The data demonstrate that substrata can have a significant effect on maintenance and differentiation of adult neurones in primary culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3255757 TI - Maintenance of multiplication rate stability by cell populations in the face of heterogeneity among individual cells. AB - We addressed the question of how a population of cells can maintain a constant multiplication rate given the heterogeneity of its individual members. Using the NIH 3T3 line of mouse embryo cells, comparisons were made of multiplication rates between offspring subclones and the parental clones from which the subclones were derived. Parents at all levels of multiplication rate produced offspring with a wide range of multiplication rates. Offspring from parent cells with the highest growth rates rarely exceeded their parents in rate of multiplication. Offspring from slow-growing parents, however, often exceeded the parents. It is concluded that the multiplication of NIH 3T3 populations represents constant diversification in multiplication rate: heterogeneous parents producing heterogeneous offspring. Population growth rates can remain stable because the fastest-growing parents generally produce offspring that multiply slower than the parents while the slowest parents often produce offspring that multiply faster than the parents. PMID- 3255758 TI - Supramolecular structure of the thylakoid membrane of Prochlorothrix hollandica: a chlorophyll b-containing prokaryote. AB - Prochlorothrix hollandica is a newly described photosynthetic prokaryote, which contains chlorophylls a and b. In this paper we report the results of freeze fracture and freeze etch studies of the organization of the photosynthetic thylakoid membranes of Prochlorothrix. These membranes exhibit four distinct fracture faces in freeze fractured preparations, two of which are derived from membrane splitting in stacked regions of the thylakoid membrane, and two of which are derived from nonstacked regions. The existence of these four faces confirms that the thylakoid membranes of Prochlorothrix, like those of green plants, display true membrane stacking and have different internal composition in stacked and non-stacked regions, a phenomenon that has been given the name lateral heterogeneity. The general details of these fracture faces are similar to those of green plants, although the intramembrane particles of Prochlorothrix are generally smaller than those of green plants by as much as 30%. Freeze etched membrane surfaces have also been studied, and the results of these studies confirm freeze fracture observations. The outer surface of the thylakoid membrane displays both small (less than 8.0 nm) and large (greater than 10.0 nm) particles. The inner surface of the thylakoid membrane is covered with tetrameric particles, which are concentrated into stacked membrane regions, a situation that is similar to the inner surfaces of the thylakoid membranes of green plants. These tetramers have never before been reported in a prokaryote. The photosynthetic membranes of Prochlorothrix therefore represent a prokaryotic system that is remarkably similar, in structural terms, to the photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts of green plants. PMID- 3255759 TI - Localized osmotic swelling and cell fusion in erythrocytes: possible implications for exocytosis. AB - Factors that govern the experimentally induced fusion of erythrocytes with one another may generally be relevant to whether or not osmotic forces drive membrane fusion in exocytosis because, under appropriate conditions, osmotic swelling can drive the fusion of erythrocytes. It is now reported that these cells fuse when they are subjected to osmotic swelling caused by exposure to small permeant molecules. The behaviour of erythrocytes in fusion induced by treatment with a concentrated solution of high molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is also of specific interest in relation to exocytosis because the haemoglobin of erythrocytes that are dehydrated by concentrated solutions of the polymer may be regarded as a model for the tightly packed, dehydrated contents of the granules in secretory cells. We have observed that, under certain conditions of rehydration, the swelling of aqueous microdroplets between the dehydrated haemoglobin and the plasma membrane is closely associated with the fusion of partially rehydrated but still shrunken, PEG-treated erythrocytes. It is therefore apparent that osmotic forces, acting locally at the sites of aqueous microdroplets, can drive the fusion of membranes that encapsulate a dehydrated, concentrated protein, even though gross osmotic swelling at the level of the light microscope is absent. This finding is consistent with the possibility that osmotic swelling may play a role in exocytotic membrane fusion if it is restricted to a small zone immediately under the granule membrane. PMID- 3255760 TI - Dr. Birte Melsen on adult orthodontics. Interview by Dr. Charles Burstone. PMID- 3255761 TI - Predicting post-treatment maxillary lip position. PMID- 3255762 TI - Clinical and instrumental functional analysis for diagnosis and treatment planning. Part 5. Axiography. PMID- 3255763 TI - Comparison of condyle-fossa relationships with unsuccessful protrusive splint therapy. PMID- 3255764 TI - Correlation of pain behavior and muscle activity in patients with myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 3255765 TI - Long-term clinical follow-up of craniomandibular disorder patients with different treatment outcomes. PMID- 3255766 TI - Malocclusion and TMJ symptoms in migrant children. PMID- 3255767 TI - Mandibular dysfunction in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3255768 TI - A monoclonal antibody, R1, and a polyclonal serum, S10, recognize the same molecules: a novel use of DNA transfectants. AB - The monoclonal antibody R1 defines the product of the MIC5 locus which has been localized to the long arm of the human X chromosome in the same region as the fragile site FRAXA. DNA transfectants, selected by R1 on the fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS), have been used to demonstrate that a previously described polyclonal antiserum, S10 (Buck & Bodmer, 1976), recognizes the same cell surface molecule as R1. Immunoprecipitation from metabolically and surface labelled cells has shown that this molecule is a Mr 200 K phosphoprotein which is synthesized as a Mr 180 K precursor and subsequently modified to a Mr 195 K extracellular form. A Mr 150 K molecule is coprecipitated with the Mr 200 K phosphoprotein, but is only detected in lysates of surface-labelled cells, raising the possibility that the 200 K molecule is a cell surface receptor and the 150 K molecule a ligand. PMID- 3255769 TI - Correlation of IgA2 serum levels in parent-offspring pairs. AB - IgA2 serum levels were measured by ELISA in 120 healthy subjects from 40 nuclear families (both parents and one offspring). No sex-associated difference was observed. Moreover, the IgA2 serum levels proved to be significantly correlated in parent-offspring pairs (r = 0.55; P less than 0.001), while there was no significant correlation in mother-father pairs of the same family. The data suggest that the serum level of the IgA2 subclass is genetically controlled. PMID- 3255770 TI - Genetic control of C3 production by the S region of the mouse MHC. AB - The present paper reports evidence indicating that the level of the third complement component (C3) is regulated by the S region of the murine H-2 complex. In fact, using congenic strains of mice we demonstrate that mice with the k haplotype at the S region show high C3 levels, whereas mice with the d haplotype at the S region show low C3 levels. PMID- 3255771 TI - Genetic control of blood neutrophil concentration in the rat. AB - Two phenotypes that characterize low and high neutrophil concentrations in blood were found in the rat. It is possible that either two regulating alleles control the high (Nr-1a) and the low (Nr-1b) neutrophil concentration or that a polygenic system affects the neutrophil concentration in blood. The F1 hybrids of four intercrosses had low neutrophil levels in blood that suggested a dominant effect of the Nr-1b allele. The backcross progeny showed abnormal segregation of the neutrophil phenotypes. The high phenotype was expressed in only 5% of the offspring. The presence of the two phenotypes and their distribution in the backcross progeny was confirmed by the computer program SKUMIX that resolved the quantitative traits into two discrete distributions with 95% and 5% representation. Because the logistic of SKUMIX can not rule out the polygenic effect, only further breeding studies using linked markers can resolve the mechanism of the genetic control of neutrophil concentration in the rat. PMID- 3255772 TI - A study of leukocyte extravasation in early inflammatory changes in the pulp. PMID- 3255773 TI - Effects of thermal vitality tests on human dental pulp. PMID- 3255774 TI - Ultrasonic debridement of root canals: acoustic cavitation and its relevance. PMID- 3255775 TI - The quantitative binding of tetracycline to dentin. PMID- 3255776 TI - Microleakage of three temporary endodontic restorations. PMID- 3255777 TI - Presence of systemic ampicillin in pulp-extirpated root canals. PMID- 3255778 TI - The periodontal ligament injection: a comparison of the efficacy in human maxillary and mandibular teeth. PMID- 3255779 TI - A mandibular first molar with a C-shaped root configuration. PMID- 3255780 TI - Symposium on spinal cord injury models. Presented at the 33rd annual meeting of the American Paraplegia Society. September 1987. PMID- 3255781 TI - Axial tension model of spinal cord injury. PMID- 3255783 TI - Coping with stress in dental practice. PMID- 3255782 TI - The radio visiography (RVG): where reality surpasses radiological fiction. A hope that is becoming reality. PMID- 3255784 TI - Dentistry: strategy for a decision. PMID- 3255786 TI - What is the economic value of today's dental practice? PMID- 3255785 TI - The application of communication theory in a dental practice. PMID- 3255787 TI - An investigation of the effect of advertising on dental consumers. PMID- 3255788 TI - Helping dental patients to quit smoking: Indiana University's effective new programs. PMID- 3255789 TI - A.B.C.'s periodontics. "E" is for Emotional stress. PMID- 3255790 TI - Dependence of non-adrenergic inhibition of cardiac vagal action on peak frequency of sympathetic stimulation in the dog. AB - 1. It is known that stimulation of the sympathetic cardioaccelerator nerve is followed by prolonged inhibition of cardiac vagal action. This prolonged inhibitory action of the sympathetic nerve is not blocked by alpha- or beta adrenoceptor blockade, and is not duplicated by administration of noradrenaline. It has been proposed that it is due to the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) from the sympathetic nerve terminals (Potter, 1984, 1985). 2. The present experiments examined whether prolonged inhibition of cardiac vagal action could be preferentially produced by sympathetic stimulation of different temporal distribution. The experiments were performed on anaesthetized, vagotomized dogs, with pharmacological beta-adrenoceptor blockade. 3. In six animals intermittent supramaximal sympathetic stimulation at 20 Hz (1/2 s stimulation, 1/2 s off; train duration 2 min; total 1200 stimuli) produced significantly greater inhibition (P less than 0.01) of cardiac vagal action than did continuous stimulation at 5 Hz (stimulus duration 4 min; 1200 stimuli). 4. In another series the same total period of stimulation (2.5 min; 1200 stimuli) was used and it was found that intermittent sympathetic stimulation of 16 Hz (1/2 s stimulation, 1/2 s off) produced significantly greater cardiac vagal inhibition (P less than 0.02) than continuous stimulation at 8 Hz. In this case the mean frequency of stimulation was constant but the higher peak stimulation frequency attenuated cardiac vagal action more effectively. PMID- 3255791 TI - Membrane properties of primary sensory neurones of the cat after peripheral reinnervation. AB - 1. The properties of sensory neurones in the petrosal ganglion of the cat were examined in vitro with intracellular electrodes 2-30 days after cutting the carotid or the glossopharyngeal nerve or 30-120 days after crushing the nerves and allowing time for peripheral reinnervation. Both glossopharyngeal and carotid neurones with conduction velocities faster than 2 m/s and humps on the falling phase of their action potentials were studied. 2. Two days after axotomy, the action potential of glossopharyngeal cells showed increased maximum rate of depolarization and decreased after-hyperpolarization (AHP) amplitude. These cells also showed a decrease in time-dependent inward rectification and conduction velocity. No significant changes were observed in carotid neurones at this stage. 3. Four days after axotomy, these changes were still present in glossopharyngeal cells and the duration of the AHP had also decreased. Among carotid neurones there was an increase in spike duration and a decrease in time-dependent rectification and in the amplitude and duration of the AHP. 4. Eight days after axotomy glossopharyngeal cells additionally showed an increased spike duration and decreased rheobase, while carotid neurones had also decreased in conduction velocity. 5. All the changes described were still present 16 days after cutting the nerves. In addition, the input resistance increased in both types of cells. 6. The effects of axotomy persisted 30 days after cutting the nerve, except for the AHP amplitude in both types of cells and the spike duration in glossopharyngeal neurones which had recovered to near control values. 7. Thirty days after crushing the carotid nerve, some carotid neurones showed chemosensory activity, indicating that reinnervation of the carotid body had taken place. In these cells, the properties altered by axotomy had recovered except for the conduction velocity. 8. Four months after crushing the glossopharyngeal nerve, activity evoked by mechanical and chemical stimulation of the tongue could be recorded from the nerve, indicating that sensory reinnervation had taken place. The electrical properties of the glossopharyngeal cells were normal except for conduction velocity which was still slower than the control value. 9. It is concluded that the electrical membrane properties altered by axotomy revert to normal after peripheral sensory regeneration. PMID- 3255792 TI - Time course and magnitude of blood flow changes in the human quadriceps muscles during and following rhythmic exercise. AB - 1. Pulsed bidirectional Doppler-ultrasound equipment was used to measure changes in blood velocities in the femoral artery on a beat to beat basis for consecutive contraction and relaxation phases during voluntary rhythmic exercise of the quadriceps muscle group in man. 2. Rapid and large fluctuations of blood velocities were found, being high during relaxation and low during contraction phases. At the onset of contraction phase, negative velocities were present, indicating retrograde flow. During the rest of the contraction phase, forward flow occurred comparable to the resting flow level even at high loads. 3. Estimated maximal flow to the whole leg during relaxation phase, calculated from these blood velocity measurements and vessel diameter (measured with echo ultrasound equipment with high resolution) was in two of the subjects 3.32 l min 1 (female) and 5.97 l min-1 (male). When using computer tomography to estimate the volume of the quadriceps muscle group, the calculated maximum flow to this muscle group was 243 (female) and 257 (male) ml min-1 100 ml muscle-1. The time averaged flow during exercise to the whole leg was 1.51 l min-1 (female) and 2.47 l min-1 (male). The calculated time-averaged flow to the quadriceps muscle group was 101 (female) and 98 (male) ml min-1 100 ml muscle-1. 4. The duration of post contraction hyperaemia following such rhythmic exercise of up to 6 min duration and up to 75% maximum voluntary contraction was never in excess of 150 s. PMID- 3255793 TI - The ascending projection of interneurones activated by group I muscle afferent fibres of the cat hindlimb. AB - 1. The level of the ascending projection of lumbosacral interneurones with a monosynaptic input from group I muscle afferents of the cat hindlimb has been investigated. The study was concerned particularly with the interneurones mediating group I non-reciprocal inhibition of motoneurones. 2. In chloralose anaesthetized cats, single-unit microelectrode recordings were made, in the lateral funiculus at L6, from the ascending axons of lumbosacral interneurones. The axons studied were discharged by group I afferents primarily from extensor muscles of the knee and ankle. Some units were discharged in addition by cutaneous and/or joint afferents. 3. The extent of the ascending projection of the interneurones was assessed by antidromic activation of their axons in the lateral funiculus at different spinal levels. The great majority of axons tested (thirty-four out of thirty-six) were found to have an ascending projection to at least the L4 level and of these most (90%) did not project beyond the L4 or L3 segments of the cord. 4. The projection to at least L4, together with monosynaptic input from group I afferents and a pattern of peripheral input characteristic of interneurones in laminae V-VI of lumbosacral segments, identified thirty-four of the thirty-six units as interneurones mediating group I non-reciprocal inhibition. 5. These results suggest that the ascending group I inhibitory pathway, formed by these interneurones, is associated specifically with the group I relay of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract in Clarke's column, rather than being conterminous with group I afferents, which project throughout the rostral lumbar and lowest thoracic segments. PMID- 3255794 TI - The dynamics of the cat retinal Y cell subunit. AB - 1. The dynamics of the subunit mechanism of individual cat Y retinal ganglion cells are investigated. In order to isolate the response of the non-linear subunit mechanism, the visual stimuli were sine gratings of a spatial frequency sufficiently high so that contrast reversal of the grating elicited no fundamental response in any spatial phase. For study of the non-linear subunit mechanism, the contrast of the spatial spine grating was varied in time by a temporal modulation signal, consisting of either a square wave or a sum of sinusoids. 2. The responses of twenty-three Y ganglion cells (sixteen on-centre, seven off-centre) to these two stimulus types were measured at a range of contrasts. Responses to the sum-of-sinusoids signal were characterized by the second-order frequency kernel. The overall size of the second-order frequency kernel was approximately proportional to contrast. The deviation from proportionality suggested a power-law scaling, with a power in the range 0.8-0.9. 3. Square-wave responses, as characterized by the post-stimulus histogram, demonstrated identical responses at both reversals of the grating. A similar contrast dependence was observed in the overall size of the square-wave responses. 4. In order to attempt to predict the square-wave responses from the sum-of-sinusoids responses, the second-order frequency kernel measured at each contrast level was fitted with a lumped linear-static non-linear-linear model. In eighteen of twenty-three cells (eleven on-centre, seven off-centre), this model provided an adequate description of the response to the sum-of-sinusoids stimulus. In these cells, the linear-static non-linear-linear model accurately reproduced the square-wave response. 5. In the remaining five ganglion cells (all on-centre), the second-order frequency kernel could not be fitted by a linear static non-linear-linear model. This diversity of dynamical properties among Y cells was not apparent from the responses of these Y cells to the square-wave temporal stimulus. 6. In the eighteen Y ganglion cells that were fitted well with the linear-static non-linear-linear model, substantial variation of the dynamical parameters was found. However, there were systematic differences between the dynamics of the typical on-centre and off-centre ganglion cells. These differences relate to both linear stages of the model, and are not merely consequences of the lower firing rate of the off-centre cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3255795 TI - Plateau potentials in alpha-motoneurones induced by intravenous injection of L dopa and clonidine in the spinal cat. AB - 1. Intracellular recordings were made from lumbar alpha-motoneurones in unanaesthetized decerebrate acute spinal cats. The response of motoneurones to direct current pulse injection or synaptic excitation was investigated following intravenous injection of L-beta-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA, 20-120 mg/kg) alone, nialamide (10-50 mg/kg) and L-DOPA or clonidine (0.5-1 mg/kg). 2. The response properties of motoneurones were tested with rectangular and triangular current waveforms. Before L-DOPA treatment motoneuronal firing during a rectangular current pulse is characterized by an initial high firing frequency which rapidly decreases to a lower steady-state firing which is maintained only for the duration of the pulse. Following administration of L-DOPA an acceleration in firing frequency is apparent following the initial adaptation seen with rectangular current pulses. A transient after-depolarization or an after discharge often followed the termination of the pulse. The frequency-current relation in response to a triangular current injection changed from a clockwise to a counter-clockwise hysteresis after L-DOPA treatment (i.e. after L-DOPA the firing frequency was higher for any given current during the descending phase than during the ascending phase of the triangular waveform). 3. Firing acceleration during and self-sustained firing after rectangular current pulses and counter-clockwise hysteresis of firing frequency with triangular current pulses are causally related to the presence of plateau potentials, which can be directly visualized after inactivation of the spikes. Plateau potentials in motoneurones could be generated by short-lasting intracellular depolarizing current pulses or brief excitatory synaptic inputs and terminated by short lasting hyperpolarizing current pulses or brief inhibitory synaptic inputs. Plateau potentials were demonstrated in flexor and extensor motoneurones. 4. All bistable properties described in the preceding paragraphs following L-DOPA administration could also be seen after administration of the alpha-receptor agonist clonidine. 5. Slow rhythmic oscillations of the membrane potential (7.5 10 Hz) were seen superimposed on plateau potentials in a few cells after administration of L-DOPA and clonidine. The oscillations had an amplitude in the range 10-20 mV and represent the expression of an intrinsic property of the motoneurone. 6. It is demonstrated that plateau potentials in the motoneurones contribute to the late long-lasting reflexes observed in L-DOPA-treated spinal cats. 7. It is concluded that L-DOPA (and clonidine) change the response properties of the motoneurones in an analogous way to 5-hydroxy-DL-tryptophan (5 HTP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3255796 TI - Changes in intracellular pH and pH regulating mechanisms in somitic cells of the early chick embryo: a study using fluorescent pH-sensitive dye. AB - 1. Measurements of intracellular pH (pHi) have been made using the fluorescent dye dicyano-hydroquinone (DCH) in somites isolated from 2-day-old chick embryos. Measurements of pHi, from freshly dissected somites, gave values of 7.18 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- S.D., n = 12) while in somites kept in media containing 10% fetal calf serum for 2-5 h pHi was 7.36 +/- 0.02 (n = 11). 2. In freshly dissected control tissue recovery from an acid load (NH4Cl pre-pulse), in the nominal absence of HCO3-, was 0.007 +/- 0.003 pH units/min (n = 11). In the presence of 5 mM-HCO3- the rate of recovery was increased to 0.132 +/- 0.003 pH units/min (n = 11). This HCO3(-)-dependent recovery was inhibited by pre-treatment with DIDS (5 X 10(-4) M) and stopped when Na+ was replaced in the bathing medium with K+ or N methylglucamine. Amiloride (10(-3) M) had no effect. 3. Replacement of Cl- with gluconate had little effect on pHi in control somites suggesting that absence of Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange. 4. These observations are consistent with the presence of a coupled Na+-HCO3- entry and the absence of Na+-H+ exchange. 5. In serum-treated cells recovery from an acid load was 0.101 +/- 0.01 pH units/min (n = 11) in the nominal absence of HCO3-. Increasing the HCO3- concentration (5-10 mM) or pre treatment with DIDS had no effect on the rate of acid extrusion. Recovery is Na+ dependent and inhibitable with amiloride, indicating the presence of Na+-H+ exchange. 6. These results suggest that during somitic development the mechanisms regulating pHi and recovery from acid loading are modified from a Na+-HCO3- influx to a Na+-H+ exchanger. This transition allows the cells to increase pHi by up to 0.2 pH units and may have a role in somitic cell development. PMID- 3255797 TI - Cortical contrast gain control in human spatial vision. AB - 1. We evaluated human visual cortical contrast gain using visual evoked potential (VEP) measurements. The steady-state VEP was elicited by 7.5 Hz contrast modulation of a 6 cycles/deg sinusoidal grating. The stimulus may be regarded as the sum of a steady grating (C) and a counterphase grating of the same spatial frequency (delta C). The counterphase grating is modulated sinusoidally in time. 2. The VEP was measured to combinations of different modulation contrasts (delta C) and different mean levels of grating contrast (C) which produced stimuli with contrast modulation depths (delta C/C) ranging from 0.0625 to 1.0 ('on-off'). 3. The VEP signals were Fourier analysed and the amplitude and phase of the first (7.5 Hz) and second (15 Hz) harmonic frequency components were examined. The monocular VEP to a contrast-modulated grating contains significant first and second harmonic frequency components. 4. The amplitude and phase of the monocular VEP was plotted as a function of delta C for each mean level of contrast explored. The amplitudes of both the first and second harmonic frequency components grow with increasing delta C. However, the slope of each function depends on the mean contrast (C): with higher levels of C, the slope of the function is more shallow. Furthermore, at each level of C the amplitude of the first harmonic frequency saturates at a lower delta C than does the second harmonic frequency component. VEP amplitude is therefore not determined by the absolute contrast change (delta C) alone. The VEP phase of the first harmonic frequency shows less dependence on either modulation or on mean contrast; the phase of the second harmonic frequency component is strongly dependent on mean contrast (C) but not on delta C. 5. When the second harmonic amplitude component of the VEP response (R) is expressed as Ractual/Rmax, where Rmax is the response to C = delta C (i.e. 'on-off'), all second harmonic VEP functions can be well fitted with a power function. This is not the case for the function of the first harmonic amplitude data. 6. A dichoptic VEP was obtained by presenting the steady and counterphase gratings to opposite eyes. The dichoptic VEP, in distinction to the monocular VEP, contains only a second harmonic frequency component. The amplitude of the second harmonic frequency component grows with increasing delta C, similar to the function seen for the monocular VEP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3255798 TI - Inhibition of the hyperpolarization-activated current (if) induced by acetylcholine in rabbit sino-atrial node myocytes. AB - 1. The action of acetylcholine (ACh) on the hyperpolarization-activated ('pacemaker') current if was studied in single myocytes from the sino-atrial (SA) node region of the rabbit heart, where low doses of ACh slow spontaneous activity by prolonging the diastolic depolarization phase. 2. Besides activating an outward component at voltages positive to the K+ equilibrium potential (iK,ACh), ACh depressed the current if activated on hyperpolarization at concentrations in the range 0.03-1 microM. 3. The ACh-dependent if depression was dissected from modifications of iK,ACh by blocking iK,ACh with barium and was studied under conditions that minimized the interference of other current changes caused by ACh. 4. The study of if modification by ACh with three-pulse protocols and the measurement of fully activated I-V relations of if with and without ACh revealed that ACh acted on if by shifting the current activation range to more negative voltages, with no obvious alteration of the fully activated current amplitude. 5. The action of ACh on if was opposite to that caused by catecholamines. The presence of isoprenaline (IP) did not prevent ACh inhibition of if, nor did the presence of ACh prevent the if stimulation caused by IP. The effects of IP and ACh on if were additive. 6. The ACh-induced inhibition of if was reversed by addition of atropine and could be mimicked by muscarine, indicating that muscarinic receptors mediate it. The implications of these findings on the regulation of pacemaker activity by ACh is discussed. PMID- 3255799 TI - Transport and metabolism of adenosine in the perfused guinea-pig placenta. AB - 1. Uptake and metabolism of adenosine were investigated from both maternal (M) and fetal (F) circulations of the isolated, dually perfused guinea-pig placenta by using a single-circulation paired-tracer [( 14C]sucrose as extracellular reference, and [3H]adenosine) dilution technique. 2. Maximal [3H]adenosine uptakes (percentage of dose) from adenosine-free perfusates were 75 +/- 1 and 87 +/- 2% (mean +/- S.E. of mean) at maternal and fetal blood-tissue interfaces respectively. Rapid backflux (percentage of influx) of tritium (labelled adenosine and/or adenosine derivatives) from the placental tissue into the ipsilateral circulation was higher at the fetal (24 +/- 2%) than at the maternal side (11 +/- 2%). 3. Tritium uptakes were reduced to 50 +/- 4 (M) and 60 +/- 6% (F) when the perfusion medium contained 100 microM-unlabelled adenosine; backflux was highly stimulated (44% M and 84% F). Neither uptake nor backflux were affected by inosine, uridine, adenine or hypoxanthine present in the perfusion medium (1 mM). 4. Tissue sequestration of tritium (5-6 min) was approximately 60% of the injected dose when perfusates were adenosine-free and 20% or less in the presence of 100 microM-adenosine. 5. Cellular uptake of [3H]adenosine at both sides of the placenta was markedly reduced by the nucleoside transport inhibitors dipyridamole (DIP, 10 microM) and nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR, 5 microM). 6. Thin-layer chromatographic separation of [3H]inosine, [3H]hypoxanthine and [3H]phosphorylated derivatives in venous effluents following a bolus arterial injection of [3H]adenosine showed a greater fraction of metabolites at the fetal side (about 0.75) than at the maternal side (about 0.50). The percentage of [3H]inosine increased when perfusates contained 100 microM-adenosine and the effect was more marked in the fetal circulation. In the presence of DIP and NBMPR the fractional recovery of 3H-labelled metabolites was greatly reduced. 7. During steady-state perfusion of [3H]adenosine (100 microM) a maintained (5-60 min) tritium uptake of about 55% was observed and all the effluent activity was 3H labelled metabolites [( 3H]adenosine was only 2.8 +/- 0.2%). Under these conditions high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that effluents contained xanthine and urate at 16 +/- 1 and 23 +/- 2 microM respectively. 8. Transplacental transfer (6 min) of tritiated compounds (of which only 10-20% was [3H]adenosine) was often less than that of the extracellular marker [14C]sucrose in both maternal-to-fetal and fetal-to-maternal directions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3255800 TI - Synaptic rhythm of caudal medullary expiratory neurones during stimulation of the hypothalamic defence area of the cat. AB - 1. Intracellular recordings were made from caudal medullary expiratory neurones in anaesthetized, paralysed, artificially ventilated and vagotomized cats before during and after the tachypnoeic response evoked by stimulation of the perifornical region of the hypothalamus. 2. The tachypnoeic response was evoked in seven of ten cats tested, and was represented in the phrenic nerve by a rapid two- to threefold increase in the frequency of the respiratory rhythm. The shortened duration of inspiratory discharge in the phrenic nerve was accompanied by an increase in its rate of development. If initially present, post-inspiratory phrenic discharge was intensified and extended throughout the shortened expiratory interval. 3. Intracellular recordings were obtained from twenty-one expiratory neurones during intermittent hypothalamic stimulation with short trains of pulses. Eighteen neurones showed a regular, short-latency sequence of synaptic events which consisted of an initial depolarizing potential (presumed EPSP) and a following hyperpolarizing potential (Cl--mediated IPSP) of long duration (50-150 ms when measured in expiration). The IPSP was accompanied by a phasic cessation of phrenic nerve discharge of comparable duration which was succeeded by intensified discharge. In three neurones (one experiment) the IPSP response was absent. 4. Sixteen neurones showing the EPSP-IPSP sequence were held for sufficiently long to record changes in the respiratory-related membrane potential pattern accompanying stimulation. The reduced expiratory time accompanying the response resulted in a shortened expiratory burst. In four neurones showing evidence of IPSPs in early expiration (post-inspiratory IPSPs), stimulation resulted in a phasic weakening of this inhibition which resulted in a more rapid approach to threshold and a steady rather than delayed increase in discharge. A low level of post-inspiratory IPSPs extended throughout most of the shortened expiration, resulting in an alternating rhythm of inspiratory and post inspiratory inhibition. In the twelve neurones lacking such post-inspiratory IPSPs stimulation had no obvious effect on the shape of the expiratory trajectory. 5. In neurones which received an IPSP from hypothalamic stimulation, the overall response was associated with reduced amplitude and increased rate of decline of inspiratory inhibition of expiratory neurones. Three neurones showed high-frequency (70-80 Hz) oscillation of the membrane potential during inspiration (Mitchell & Herbert, 1974b). Hypothalamic stimulation resulted in a transient suppression of this oscillation. 6. We conclude that the short-latency inhibitory component of the response to hypothalamic stimulation is widely distributed, including expiratory neurones, some fraction of the inspiratory population and the neurones responsible for inspiratory and post-inspiratory inhibition. PMID- 3255801 TI - Arterial pulsation and lymph formation in an isolated sheep hindlimb preparation. AB - 1. Lymph flow was measured by cannulating metatarsal lymphatics in the sheep hindlimb. The region was perfused with warmed, heparinized, oxygenated blood via the tibio-cranial artery cannulated just distal to the hock. Constant and pulsatile perfusion pressures were compared. A cuff was inflated over the metatarsals to maintain venous pressure at 20 mmHg. 2. The lymph flow rates during constant perfusion at 80 mmHg were comparable to control flows in intact metatarsal preparations and oedema (monitored by measuring tissue volume) did not accumulate. Flow records were similar to those obtained from anaesthetized animals, lymph being expelled by regular lymphatic contractions. 3. Pulsatile perfusion using 120/60 mmHg (systolic cuff cycle 0.25 s inflation, 0.5 s deflation) did not increase the rate of lymph flow. Increasing the pulse pressure to 100 mmHg (150/50 mmHg) produced a 20% increase in flow but this was not statistically significant. The cuff deflation time was also increased (1 s inflation, 1 s deflation) using 120/60 mmHg but this had little effect. 4. It may be concluded that arterial pulsation is not important for lymph formation in this preparation. PMID- 3255802 TI - Human eccrine sweat gland epithelial cultures express ductal characteristics. AB - 1. Isolated human eccrine sweat glands were cultured in vitro. Cells were harvested and plated onto permeable supports to form confluent cell sheets, area 0.2 cm2. These were used to study the electrogenic transepithelial transport of ions by measurement of short-circuit current (SCC). Epithelial sheets had a basal SCC of 5.89 +/- 0.62 microA cm-2 (n = 33) and a transepithelial resistance of 74.1 +/- 5.6 omega cm2 (n = 33). The transepithelial potential difference varied between -0.2 and -1.8 mV with a mean value of -0.71 +/- 0.09 mV (n = 33). 2. The basal current was abolished by addition of 10 microM-amiloride to the apical bathing solution. The concentration of amiloride which inhibited basal SCC by 50% (EC50) was 0.4 microM. Cultures prepared from the secretory coil of sweat glands, rather than from whole glands, were similarly sensitive to amiloride (EC50 = 0.8 microM). 3. Lysylbradykinin (LBK), carbachol, isoprenaline, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and A23187 all increased SCC in cultures from whole glands. LBK responses were obtained with basolateral and not with apical application. Furthermore LBK actions were not substantially altered by cyclo-oxygenase inhibition but showed marked desensitization upon repeated application. Sheet cultures prepared from sweat gland coils also showed SCC responses to both carbachol and LBK. Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, did not alter SCC in either type of preparation. 4. Replacement of chloride and of chloride and bicarbonate in the bathing solution did not cause attenuation of the responses to LBK or carbachol in whole-gland sheet cultures. Furthermore responses were unaffected by piretanide or acetazolamide. These results were taken to indicate that anion secretion was not the basis for the SCC responses. 5. Responses to LBK and carbachol were significantly reduced by amiloride (10 microM), this effect being reversible. No responses to LBK or carbachol were seen when N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) was used to replace sodium, whereas reintroduction of sodium ions restored responsiveness to these agents. 6. The SCC responses to the muscarinic agonist carbachol and to LBK appear to be due to stimulation of amiloride-sensitive, electrogenic sodium absorption in whole-gland sheet cultures. Further it would appear that, in culture, the pleuripotential capacity of the cells is revealed since both whole-gland and secretory coil cultures exhibit some properties usually associated in vivo with duct cells. Many mammalian epithelia show electrogenic chloride secretion both in response to carbachol and LBK but also in response to activation of adenylate cyclase with forskolin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3255803 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E2 on thermoresponsive neurones in the preoptic and ventromedial hypothalamic regions of rats. AB - 1. We investigated the effect of microinjection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) into the preoptic (POA) or the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) region on rectal temperature in rats. Fever was induced by microinjection of PGE2 into the POA or the VMH regions. The febrile responses induced by PGE2 injected into the VMH region were significantly greater than those induced by injection into the POA region. 2. The effect of temperature on neuronal activity in the POA and the VMH regions was investigated by using slice preparations from rats. It was revealed that there exist many thermoresponsive neurones in the VMH region as well as in the POA region, and that the proportion of thermoresponsive neurones out of the total neurones examined in the VMH region was almost identical to that in the POA region. In addition, the warm-responsive neurones in the VMH region exhibited larger thermal coefficients than those in the POA region. 3. When PGE2 was applied in a recording chamber where the tissue slice was perfused, most of the neurones in the VMH region which responded to PGE2 showed a decrease in their firing rate, while those in the POA region showed an increase in their firing rate, regardless of their thermoresponsiveness. In the POA region, PGE2 began to affect the activities of the warm-responsive neurones in the range of 5 x 10(-7) to 7 x 10(-6) M, whereas maximum responses were obtained between the concentrations of 5 x 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-5) M. In the VMH region, PGE2 began to change the activities of the warm-responsive neurones in the range of 5 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-7) M, and the maximum effect of PGE2 on the VMH warm-responsive neurones occurred between the concentrations of 8 x 10(-7) and 4 x 10(-5) M. 4. The present results show that neurones exhibit different responsiveness to PGE2 and different sensitivity to PGE2 between the POA and the VMH regions. Nevertheless, microinjection of PGE2 into either the POA or the VMH region produces fever. Therefore, it is suggested that fever is produced by complex neuronal networks in the central nervous system. PMID- 3255804 TI - Inhibition of neurones transmitting non-monosynaptic Ia excitation to human wrist flexor motoneurones. AB - 1. The possibility was investigated that the transmission of the interneuronally mediated Ia excitation to wrist flexor motoneurones described in the companion paper is inhibited by stimulation of afferent fibres. Two techniques were used: (i) the post-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) method for studying changes in firing probability of individual voluntarily activated wrist flexor motor units following various peripheral stimulations; and (ii) the indirect technique of spatial facilitation of the H reflex. 2. In those individual units where stimulation of the median and/or the ulnar nerve evoked a non-monosynaptic excitation, this excitation was reduced when the afferent input was increased. This reduction of the non-monosynaptic Ia excitation was found in 80% of the motor unit recordings, whether the afferent input was increased by increasing the stimulus intensity to one nerve or by using combined stimulation of two nerves. 3. Both group I muscle and low-threshold cutaneous afferents were shown to be able to reduce the non-monosynaptic Ia excitation. 4. The onset of the depression of the excitation was always found within the same 1 ms bin as that of the excitation. 5. Whatever the amount of afferent input (stimulus intensity increased up to motor threshold, spatial and temporal summation, summation of inhibitory effects from different origins), the depression could at the very most suppress the non-monosynaptic Ia excitation: i.e. a trough in the PSTH, reflecting an inhibition at the motoneuronal level, never appeared. In those units in which there was not non-monosynaptic excitation, peripheral stimulation did not evoke any inhibition appearing as a trough in the PSTH either. Hence, inhibition only appeared when there was a non-monosynaptic excitation, and then as a depression of it. 6. On the basis of these findings it is argued that the inhibition is not exerted directly onto motoneurones but acts at a pre motoneuronal level on the interneurones mediating the non-monosynaptic Ia excitation to motoneurones. 7. Similarly, the homonymous non-monosynaptic Ia facilitation of the flexor carpi radialis H reflex was shown to be reduced by a preceding stimulation applied to the ulnar nerve. It is argued that this result is also compatible with an inhibition of transmission in interneuronal excitatory pathways to motoneurones. 8. It is suggested that the non-monosynaptic excitation of wrist flexor motoneurones in man and the inhibition of this excitation, both evoked by stimulation of low-threshold afferents, could be mediated through a system of cervical propriospinal neurones. Some aspects of the possible role of this system during movement are discussed. PMID- 3255806 TI - National minimum standards. PMID- 3255807 TI - Community nursing on the planning board again? PMID- 3255808 TI - Management of drug misuse in general practice. PMID- 3255805 TI - Evidence for reduced Cl- and increased Na+ permeability in cystic fibrosis human primary cell cultures. AB - 1. Employing a primary cell culture system and intracellular microelectrodes, we quantitated and compared the Na+ and Cl- pathways in apical membranes of normal and cystic fibrosis (CF) human airway epithelia. 2. Like the transepithelial difference (PD) in situ, the PD of CF epithelia in culture (-27 +/- 4 mV, mean +/ S.E.M.; n = 28) exceeded the PD of normal epithelia (-10 +/- 1 mV; n = 22). The raised PD principally reflected an increase in the rate of active transport (equivalent short circuit, Ieq) for CF epithelia (61 +/- 9 microA cm-2) as compared with normal epithelia (23 +/- 3 microA cm-2). No significant differences in transepithelial resistance were detected. 3. As indicated by ion replacement studies (gluconate for Cl-), the apical membrane of normal cells exhibits an apical membrane Cl- conductance (GCl) that can be activated by isoprenaline. CF cells do not exhibit an apical membrane GCl, nor can a GCl be activated by isoprenaline. 4. CF cells exhibited a larger amiloride-sensitive Ieq and amiloride-sensitive apical membrane conductance (GNa) than normal cells. Further, the amiloride-sensitive Ieq was increased by isoprenaline in CF but not normal airway epithelia. 5. Equivalent circuit analysis yielded evidence for a more positive electromotive force (EMF) across the apical membrane and a more negative EMF across the basolateral membrane of CF cells as compared with normal cells. Baseline resistances of the apical (Ra) and basolateral (Rb) membranes did not differ for normal and CF cells. 6. Estimates of the resistance of the paracellular path to ion flow (Rs) by equivalent circuit analysis or ion substitution detected no differences in Rs between CF and normal cells. 7. We conclude that abnormalities in both cellular Cl- permeability (reduced) and Na+ permeability (increased) are characteristic of the cultured CF respiratory epithelial cell. These data suggest that a defect in the regulation of apical membrane permeabilities is a central feature of this disease. PMID- 3255809 TI - Iron deficiency in inner city pre-school children: development of a general practice screening programme. AB - Iron deficiency in children has been associated with behavioural disorder and developmental delay. Screening for iron deficiency was offered to all 527 children aged between one and four years in an inner city practice. Half the children belong to an ethnic minority group, and there is widespread social deprivation in the area. Capillary haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume were estimated in 365 children (69%). Dietary history, birth weight and current weight were also recorded. Fifty-eight (16%) of the children were iron deficient as defined by a mean corpuscular volume of less than 75 fl and/or a haemoglobin concentration of less than 10.5 g dl(-1). All were hypochromic and among 23 tested all had serum ferritin levels below 10microg I(-1). Twenty-one children (5.8%) were anaemic (haemoglobin concentration less than 10.5 g dl(-1)). Anaemia was significantly more common among children who were currently underweight but was not related to weight at birth. Iron deficiency was significantly more prevalent in non-Caucasian children - 25.0% compared with 7.8% of Caucasian children. There was also a significant linear decrease in iron deficiency with increasing age. Sex, weight at birth, current weight, whether breast fed, age weaned or whether on a vegetarian diet were not significant factors in iron deficiency. Iron supplements were given to all the children with iron deficiency.In view of the high prevalence of iron deficiency, all children in the practice are now routinely offered screening for iron deficiency at the age of 14 months. The programme has been welcomed by all parents. It is suggested that screening for iron deficiency should be part of routine child surveillance. PMID- 3255810 TI - Sport and the asthmatic child: a study of exercise-induced asthma and the resultant handicap. AB - A group of 111 asthmatic children was studied using a self-administered questionnaire to investigate exercise-induced asthma and how it affected their participation in sport.Although selected to represent the severe end of the spectrum of general practice asthma, most children reported relatively mild asthma, with attacks less than once a week. Even so, 97 of the children (87%) experienced exerciseinduced bronchospasm, 74% fairly frequently. Just under one half of those who suffered exercise-induced asthma did not treat it adequately and even more of them never used adequate prophylaxis.Forty-three children occasionally had to miss sport because of asthma, 24 had received advice to avoid certain sports and 28 had at times been unable to complete a game involving exertion. Given the importance of sport the findings suggest that asthma can be a real social handicap. PMID- 3255811 TI - Liquid nitrogen and salicylic/lactic acid paint in the treatment of cutaneous warts in general practice. AB - Patients with common hand warts and simple plantar warts attending a general practice wart clinic in Northern Ireland were assigned to one of three treatment groups - liquid nitrogen applied weekly, daily application of wart paint (lactic acid one part, salicylic acid one part, collodion four parts), or a combination of the two. Combination therapy cured 87% of common hand warts over a six week period, and was significantly more effective than either agent used separately (P<0.05). The results for simple plantar warts were disappointing and no treatment regimen proved to be significantly better than any other. These treatments were cheap, compliance and tolerance were good, and the six month recurrence rate was minimal. Given the likelihood that warts will multiply if left untreated we would recommend early active treatment for this condition. PMID- 3255812 TI - Training general practitioners to improve their recognition of emotional disturbance in the consultation. AB - The detection of emotional disturbance by general practitioners in the consultation is known to be low. This study measured the detection rates of emotional disturbance among 10 established principals in general practice, as compared with the general health questionnaire, before and after 10 months of training. The training comprised a fortnightly seminar based around video recordings of ordinary consultations. The results showed that nine of the 10 doctors improved their ability to identify cases while one over-diagnosed cases following the training. The general health questionnaire detected emotional disturbance in 51.5% of the patients studied. During the seminars it became apparent that factors both within the doctor and the patient prevented detection of emotional disturbance and these are described. It is concluded that diagnostic accuracy depends on the interaction between doctor and patient, and that this has implications for the organization of general practice both in terms of longer consultation times and of adequate support for the doctor. PMID- 3255813 TI - Development and use of a short self-rating instrument to screen for psychosocial disorder. AB - This paper describes the preliminary testing and use of a short self-report instrument designed to identify psychosocial disorder. It combines a shortened version of the social problem questionnaire with the 12 item general health questionnaire. In a survey of 100 patients attending a health centre in inner London 46% recorded a psychiatric problem on the general health questionnaire compared with 35% identified by the general practitioner. For social problems 54% of patients assessed themselves as having one or more social problem compared with 23% detected by the general practitioner. The instrument normally takes five to 10 minutes for the patient to complete and thus can be filled out in busy situations such as a general practice surgery or a hospital outpatient department. PMID- 3255814 TI - Problems of cervical cancer screening programmes. AB - The feasibility of using an age-sex register as a basis for a cervical cancer screening programme was investigated in a London practice serving both inner city and suburban populations. Only about 25% of 810 women aged 35-59 years who had not recently been screened responded to an invitation to attend a practice well woman clinic for a cervical smear. Nearly 30% of the invitations were returned ;not known at this address' and there was no reply from the remaining 45%. A high proportion of incorrect addresses considerably reduces the effectiveness of a cancer screening programme based on an age-sex register covering an area with a mobile population and also makes it difficult to follow up women with abnormal smears adequately. Opportunistic screening remains essential and every effort should be made to encourage women to be responsible for their own cancer screening programmes. PMID- 3255815 TI - Norfolk general practice: a comparison of rural and urban doctors. AB - A postal questionnaire was sent to all Norfolk practitioners, allowing a comparison to be made between rural general practice and urban practice in Norwich and Great Yarmouth. However, when Norfolk town and country doctors were compared, little difference was found in their personal or practice characteristics. In respect of their workload rural doctors, as expected, carried out more procedures overall but, somewhat surprisingly, did not make more home visits. Both sets of doctors had similar views on their present and future role in general practice.When Norfolk doctors collectively were compared with general practitioners nationally their service appeared to be of a high standard. The only uncertainty surrounded the effects of the greater clustering of Norfolk surgeries, together with the levels of home visiting and their attendant effects on patient accessibility. PMID- 3255816 TI - Two cases of near fatal airgun injury. PMID- 3255817 TI - Screening for coronary heart disease risk factors. PMID- 3255818 TI - Rubella prevention. PMID- 3255819 TI - Depression in the elderly. PMID- 3255820 TI - Bacteriology of a rural practice. PMID- 3255821 TI - Infectious diseases update: AIDS. PMID- 3255822 TI - The government, medical education and research. PMID- 3255823 TI - Use of very low calorie diets in obesity. PMID- 3255824 TI - William Pickles lecture 1988. All together now. PMID- 3255825 TI - Job satisfaction and occupational stress among general practitioners--a pilot study. AB - Questionnaires assessing levels of job satisfaction and possible sources of stress were distributed to a random sample of general practitioners in the Greater Manchester area. The highest levels of job satisfaction were reported for ;intrinsic' job factors such as freedom to choose method of working, amount of responsibility and amount of variety, rather than ;extrinsic' factors such as rate of pay and hours of work. The main causes of stress appeared to be interruptions of various kinds. Factor analysis revealed four major sources of stress: interruptions; emotional involvement; administrative workload and work/home interface; and routine medical work. Of these, all but routine medical work were associated with job satisfaction. It is concluded that the major sources of stress for the general practitioner are not medical, but social. PMID- 3255826 TI - General practitioner obstetrics: does risk prediction work? AB - The effectiveness of antenatal risk prediction based on maternal characteristics at booking was examined among 5730 pregnant women booked in an integrated general practitioner obstetric unit over a seven-year period. High rates of transfer to consultant care were found especially for nulliparae. Apart from parity, maternal factors associated with transfer before labour were weight, smoking and social class. Factors associated with transfer in labour were maternal stature and marital status. Reasons for transfer were also identified. The validity of the present booking criteria, which were developed in the 1950s, is questioned. PMID- 3255827 TI - Psychiatric screening in general practice: comparison of the general health questionnaire and the hospital anxiety depression scale. AB - The prevalence of psychiatric disorder in 100 patients attending their general practitioner was found to be 33% based on the criteria of the DSM-3 diagnostic system. Using the DSM-3 diagnosis as a yardstick, the performance of the hospital anxiety depression scale was compared with that of the general health questionnaire. Relative operating coefficient analysis showed good discrimination between ;cases' and ;non-cases' for both questionnaires, and the optimum threshold score was found to be eight for the hospital anxiety depression scale and five for the general health questionnaire. Using these threshold scores the positive predictive value was 81% for the hospital anxiety depression scale and 77% for the general health questionnaire. The hospital anxiety depression scale appeared more sensitive than the general health questionnaire (90% versus 77%) and simpler to complete. In addition, it does not require a different threshold score for each population studied. The use of screening questionnaires in general practice is discussed. PMID- 3255828 TI - Comparison of the work of a nurse practitioner with that of a general practitioner. AB - The work of a nurse practitioner was compared with that of a general practitioner. Both were equally available to the same patient population over the same period. The nurse practitioner saw a similar age and sex distribution of patients to the doctor but saw different types of problems. More of the patients she saw were for followup of chronic diseases, health advice and screening measures while fewer were acutely ill. The doctor dealt with four times as many patients. The nurse practitioner managed 78% of her consultations without referral to a doctor, and 89% without resorting to prescribed drugs. There was a high level of patient satisfaction with her work and 97% of the patients who saw the nurse would choose to consult her again. The role of the nurse practitioner in our practice has developed differently from a similar post in another setting, thus emphasizing the need for flexibility when defining the role.Nurse practitioners are a valuable extra resource for the development of new areas of care, rather than a cheaper substitute for a general practitioner. PMID- 3255829 TI - Minimum effective dose of trimethoprim for urinary tract infection. AB - Non-pregnant women with urinary tract infection attending a health centre were treated with single doses of 400 mg, 200 mg or 100 mg of trimethoprim. The cure rates for these doses were 100%, 93% and 90%, respectively. In general practice the expected cure rate for this infection treated conventionally over five to seven days is 85-90%. Therefore, 100 mg of trimethoprim is the minimum effective dose for the treatment of urinary tract infection in general practice. PMID- 3255830 TI - Cholesterol screening in general practice. AB - Serum cholesterol levels were measured in 250 men and 250 women aged 25-60 years attending a general practice. Seventy three per cent of the sample had levels above 5.2 mM and of these 98 patients agreed to follow a low cholesterol/low saturated fat diet for six months. The overall reduction in serum cholesterol level among these patients was 13%, suggesting that lipid screening in general practice could be worthwhile. PMID- 3255831 TI - Audit of prescribing habits in a sheltered housing development. PMID- 3255832 TI - General practitioners: prevention of HIV disease/AIDS. PMID- 3255833 TI - Health education in general practice. PMID- 3255834 TI - Teaching comprehensive patient care at the University of Detroit's Dental Service in Detroit Medical Center. PMID- 3255835 TI - A computer based organizational information system for dentists. PMID- 3255836 TI - Claims-made vs. occurrence. PMID- 3255837 TI - Symposium on toxins. Proceedings of the 35th symposium. Kagawa, July 8-10, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3255838 TI - Noninvasive cardiac material mechanics: application to left ventricular function in quadriplegia. PMID- 3255839 TI - Foot contact timing and the effect of walking speed in normal childhood and adult gait. PMID- 3255840 TI - Assessment of bone mineral content by in vivo measurement of flexural wave velocities. PMID- 3255841 TI - Resonant amplification and flow/pressure characteristics in high-frequency ventilation. PMID- 3255842 TI - Hardware-based adaptive system for discrimination of neuronal spikes. PMID- 3255843 TI - Time-domain system for assessing variation in heart rate. PMID- 3255844 TI - Causal relationship between heart rate and arterial blood pressure variability signals. PMID- 3255845 TI - Adaptive analysis of harmonic oscillation for biological signals. PMID- 3255846 TI - Biostereometrics in the study of the morphology of the lumbar sacral spine. PMID- 3255847 TI - Amplification of biosignals by body potential driving. Analysis of the circuit performance. PMID- 3255848 TI - EEG enhancement during electrosurgery using an optical fibre. PMID- 3255849 TI - Observations of a laser Doppler flowmeter output made using a calibration standard. PMID- 3255850 TI - Simultaneous measurement of skin blood flow by the transient thermal-clearance method and laser Doppler flowmetry. PMID- 3255851 TI - Automatic unit for monitoring and diagnosis with the contraction stress test. PMID- 3255853 TI - Optimal design of mechanical ventilator waveform using a mathematical model of the ventilatory system. PMID- 3255852 TI - Depth discrimination in laser Doppler skin blood flow measurement using different lasers. PMID- 3255854 TI - Wave analysis of the electroencephalogram. PMID- 3255855 TI - New approach to the digital elimination of 50 Hz interference from the electrocardiogram. PMID- 3255856 TI - Multichannel storage and display system to record the electrical activity of the heart. PMID- 3255857 TI - Ambulatory monitoring device using the fan method as data-compression algorithm. PMID- 3255858 TI - Lumped parameter approximation for the prediction of the dynamic response of the Fleisch pneumotachograph. PMID- 3255859 TI - Strain-gauged haemostatic forceps for clinical and experimental use. PMID- 3255860 TI - Time-domain cross-correlation assembly language routine for the IBM PC and an application in neural signal analysis. PMID- 3255861 TI - Improved probe for a deep body thermometer. PMID- 3255862 TI - The evolutionary role of research. AB - Every evolutionary process consists in the stochastic occurrence of quasi-random transitions from a given ordered system, with some criteria of stability ensuring that a few of the modified system survive, forming new ordered system that can serve as departure points for a further evolutionary step. In the evolution of human societies, scientific research fulfills the role of the quasi-random mutations. PMID- 3255863 TI - Optic nerve regeneration--new aspects. AB - Injury to the optic nerve and its environment provokes a process of degeneration that leads to a degenerative process resulting in an irreversible loss of visual function. We succeeded in stimulating regeneration in injured optic nerves of adult rabbits. The stimulus to regeneration was achieved by implanting in injured optic nerves of adult rabbits substances originating from growing (regenerating) optic nerves of fish or developing optic nerves of neonatal rabbits, and by delaying the degenerative process by irradiating the injured optic nerve with a low energy laser. The effect was manifested by abundant growth of new fibers across the injury site and by other manifestation of regeneration characteristics. PMID- 3255864 TI - Orbital tumor as a presenting symptom of occult carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - A rare case of thyroid carcinoma presenting as an orbital tumor is described. The diagnosis was made only through histopathologic examination of tissues removed during craniotomy. Thyroid scan confirmed the diagnosis. Thyroid carcinoma should be suspected in cases of orbital metastasis of unknown origin. PMID- 3255865 TI - Binocular function after surgical alignment of infantile esotropia. AB - Fifty patients with infantile esotropia, randomly selected, and operated at different ages, were evaluated in regard to their final alignment and sensory results. Comparisons of the age groups above and below 36 months of age, did not reveal a difference in their postoperative alignment. Sensory testing showed that a lower percentage of binocularity was found in patients operated on and aligned after 36 months of age. Most patients showed evidence of binocularity in only one of the sensory tests that were used in this study. PMID- 3255866 TI - The relation between diurnal changes in intraocular pressure and refractive power after radial keratotomy. AB - Diurnal changes in visual acuity are often reported by patients undergoing radial keratotomy. Refraction, keratometry, and intraocular pressure were measured, 3 times a day, in 15 eyes 3-6 months after radial keratotomy, in 11 eyes one year after surgery, and in 5 controls. Higher myopia in the evening was found in 73% of the patients. All of the changes in refraction, keratometry, and tonometry were not statistically significant. No correlation was found between diurnal changes in intraocular pressure and corneal refractive power. The subjective sensation of diurnal refractive changes is usually milder one year after the operation. PMID- 3255867 TI - Nd: YAG laser treatment of anterior chamber implantation cysts. AB - The development of an epithelial implantation cyst is a severe complication of anterior segment surgery and trauma. Two patients with anterior chamber implantation cysts were treated with Nd: YAG laser. One required surgical correction as the cyst reformed after each of 6 laser treatment sessions. In the other patient, the cyst reformed once, and has not recurred for 18 months since the second laser treatment. Collapse of anterior chamber implantation cysts can be achieved with Nd: YAG laser, though multiple treatment sessions may be required due to the cyst's tendency to reform. PMID- 3255868 TI - Prostaglandin E2 and protein levels in rabbit aqueous humor following ND:YAG laser iridotomy. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and protein levels were measured in the aqueous humor of rabbits' eyes subjected to iridotomy with the neodymium:YAG laser. Following irradiation, PGE2 levels were elevated to the highest elevation of 20.0 +/- 7.7 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) at 30 minutes as compared to control levels of 0.625 +/- 0.075 ng/ml. PGE2 concentrations progressively decreased, however, after 8 hours they remained high and did not resume control levels. Protein levels in the aqueous humor of ND:YAG irradiated eyes reached peak levels at 30 minutes to 7.8 +/- 2.2 mg/ml compared to control level of 1.3 +/- 0.4 mg/ml. A progressive decrease in protein levels was observed after peak time, but they were still above control levels, at 8 hours. Our study demonstrated that ND:YAG irradiation of the iris involves an immediate increase in PGE2 aqueous levels associated with a blood aqueous barrier disruption and augmented aqueous protein levels. PMID- 3255869 TI - New approach for early, simple, and rapid detection of acute eye infections. AB - Several methods are known for the diagnosis of infections all of which require the use of well equipped laboratories and skilled personnel. For example: 1. Isolation and culturing of microorganisms from samples taken from body fluids. This method is complicated and time consuming. 2. Detection of antibodies. The main disadvantage of this method is the fact that the change in the level of antibodies occurs only after a few days from the onset of the disease. In the course of our work we found that already in the early stages of acute external eye infections, mucopolysaccharide degrading enzymes (MPDE) appear in tear fluid, where they are normally not present. We also found a relationship between MPDE with different infectious diseases of the eye as well as their role in the progress and treatment of these diseases. As a result of these findings and numerous clinical and laboratory in vivo animal and in vitro experiments, we developed a new approach for early detection of acute ocular infections. Utilizing this approach based on tear samples from patients; eyes, we developed a method which enables quick and reliable detection of the presence of an infection in general, and for early diagnosis in particular. Testing MPDE in tears with this method revealed also a new phenomenon of specific geometric imprints, or orthographic signs, each of which may be indicative of a different type of acute infection, e.g. adenovirus, herpes simplex virus-1, or other acute viral and bacterial infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3255870 TI - Sequential use of argon and ND:YAG lasers to produce an iridotomy--a pilot study. AB - A two-step technique for laser iridotomy in difficult irides is described. The method utilizes the argon and ND:YAG lasers sequentially. Sixteen eyes were treated by two argon stretch burns and up to 35 penetrating burns that produced an iridotomy that was either imperforate or inadequate. The ND:YAG laser was then used to complete the iridotomy. In all 16 eyes an iridotomy was achieved in one session. Only two eyes had a moderate increase in pressure that was easily controlled. There were no other significant complications. Total energy levels for each laser modality were significantly lower than those previously reported using either laser alone. The sequential technique is safe and effective and is recommended for iridotomy in difficult iris types. PMID- 3255871 TI - Inadvertent intravitreal injection of bethamethasone. AB - A 66-year-old man underwent extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, which was complicated by accidental intravitreal bethamethasone injection. This case was characterized by a benign course and good recovery of vision. Appropriate management of such accident is discussed. PMID- 3255872 TI - Severe ischemic process in a young man with central retinal vein occlusion. AB - A 32-year-old man with central retinal vein occlusion followed by severe and rapidly progressing neo-vascular glaucoma is presented. This case was characterized by a severe ischemic process, in which the rubeosis iridis was followed by almost total atrophy of the iris within a short period of time. The onset of the central retinal vein occlusion was associated with mild dehydration and stress polycythemia following strenuous physical activity. PMID- 3255873 TI - The photopic and scotopic visual thresholds in diabetics without diabetic retinopathy. AB - The foveal photopic threshold for Landolt ring discrimination and the paramacular scotopic threshold has been monocularly measured in 27 diabetic patients, 30 to 50 years old, without funduscopic retinal alterations, and compared with similar thresholds collected from 17 healthy age matched subjects. About 0.3 log threshold elevation for both photopic and scotopic functions were documented in the diabetic group, suggesting a functional impairment before visible retinopathy occurred. The threshold loss was not correlated with the diabetes longevity. PMID- 3255874 TI - A non-invasive method of blood glucose evaluation by tear glucose measurement, for the detection and control of diabetic states. AB - The development of a quick, simple and sufficiently reliable method for tear glucose measurement is described. The method, based on a color reaction with triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride on special filter paper strips imbibed with tears, showed results which related favorably with parallel blood glucose levels of the same patients, already in the first stage of its development. Being non-invasive, the proposed method could be of important practical benefit for the detection and monitoring of diabetics, thus obviating the necessity of invasive blood sampling inherent to existing biochemical techniques. The second stage of development of tear glucose measurement, consisting of improvement and perfection of the technique, gave very encouraging results until now. PMID- 3255875 TI - Ocular dimensions following cryotherapy for active stage of retinopathy of prematurity. AB - In a group of 21 premature children in which 4 to 10 years earlier 26 eyes with stage 4 of active retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were treated by cryopexy on the avascular retina, and 15 fellow eyes with stage 2 of active ROP were not treated, comparative measurements of the central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth and eye axial length were performed. Not significant statistical differences of these parameters were found between the cryotreated and untreated eyes. The axial length was correlated with the degree of myopia. PMID- 3255876 TI - Inherited progressive cone--rod dystrophy and alopecia. AB - Two young sisters of Yemenite Jewish family with progressive cone-rod dystrophy accompanied with progressive alopecia of the scalp in one patient and with alopecia of the scalp and eyelashes in the other patient are presented. This rare disease seems to be autosomal recessively inherited since the patient's parents are first cousins and the family history is positive for a paternal grandmother and great-aunt having the same condition. PMID- 3255877 TI - Split brain acutely and chronically induced in cats causes ipsilateral eye dominance and reduced excitability of cells in the visual cortex. AB - The ocular dominance distribution and the excitability level of single cells in the callosal projection zone of the visual cortex (area 17-18 boundary), were electrophysiologically studied in acute and in chronic cats following simultaneous (OCX-CCX) and separate transections of the optic chiasm (OCX) and corpus callosum (CCX). Except for a few cells (3.4%) in the acute OCX-CCX cats showing an interhemispheric transfer, as expressed by their contralateral eye response, all other cells had a monocular response to the ipsilateral eye. An ipsilateral monocular response was found in the chronic OCX-CCX cats, even for long survival periods (17.0 months). The result for the OCX cats was similar, as indicated by the major ipsilateral response and the small proportion of cells showing an interhemispheric transfer. No improvement was found with postoperative time; acute OCX cats had 5.0% cells with contralateral input and 1-7 months chronic cats had 1.7-6.5% of these cells. These animals have thus split brain from point of view of the visual cortex; each hemisphere is therefore independent of the other one as far as neuronal functions are concerned. A remarkable reduction in binocularity was found following callosal transection (CCX) both in acute (41.4% binocularly driven cells) and in 3-39 months chronic cats (45.5% cells), in comparison to the control cats (74.2%). This indicates that elimination of the corpus callosum as itself enhances the binocularity diminution in split brain cats. The reduction found in visual responsiveness in our split brain cats (total: 63.2% unresponsive cells), is attributed to the summation of the individual effects of the optic chiasm and corpus callosum transections. A consistent tendency was found in the long chronic in comparison to the acute OCX CCX, OCX, and CCX cats for a decrease in the responsiveness level with survival time; however, the short chronic OCX-CCX and CCX cats had the maximal proportion of unresponsive cells. It was concluded that the split brain induced in adult cats has a permanent effect on interhemispheric transfer to visual cortex cells. The absence of interhemispheric interaction under these conditions is not compensated by either transfer through anterior parts of the corpus callosum or through other commissures. PMID- 3255878 TI - Intermittent intra-aortic balloon tamponade during hemorrhagic shock. AB - The use of intermittent intra-aortic balloon tamponade was evaluated during resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in a sheep model. Twenty adult sheep were exposed to severe hemorrhagic shock and they were all treated with crystalloids (8% of body wt) during one hour. Ten of these were also treated with intermittent supraceliac intra-aortic balloon tamponade during the initial 30 min (group A) while the other 10 were used as a controls (group B). In the group treated with intra-aortic tamponade the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was rapidly increased as the balloon was inflated, but it dropped to the same level as in the control group during deflation. In this group there were also great fluctuations in systemic vascular resistance (SVR), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) when the aortic balloon was inflated/deflated, while central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were hardly affected at all. After final deflation of the aortic balloon (at 30 min), MAP remained 35% lower than the baseline value (p less than 0.01), similar to the control group. Cardiac index (CI) increased continuously during the first 30 min, at which time it reached the pre-shock level in both groups. At the end of the resuscitation period there was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the cardiovascular parameters measured. Four animals died in group A and 3 in group B within 24 hours, after which time the survivers were sacrificed. Both groups had high incidence of pathological changes in the kidneys, liver, intestine, and lungs. Six animals in group A had hind limb paralysis and loss of anal sphinter tone after the resuscitation. It was concluded that intermittent supraceliac aortic occlusion for 30 minutes did not decrease morbidity or mortality in sheep exposed to severe hemorrhagic shock compared with a control group treated in a traditional way with fluid replacement. PMID- 3255879 TI - Evaluation of the role of skin temperature in the response of cutaneous capillary blood flow to indirect heat. AB - The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the rise in cutaneous capillary blood flow that occurs while heating a remote region of the body; i.e., indirect heating, is mediated by an increase in local heat flux secondary to the opening of larger vessels; e.g. AVAs. Twelve unanesthetized rats were placed in a chamber and exposed to a 35 degree C environment while their tail remained unheated. Measurements of regional skin blood flow in the tail were obtained by a laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF) while measurements of blood cell velocity in individual capillaries (CBV) within the subepidermal vascular plexus were made by videodensitometry before and during body heating under two procedures: A control procedure in which skin temperature of the tail (TS) was allowed to increase as LDF increased, then under an experimental procedure during which TS was "clamped" at 25 degree C during body heating. During the control procedure TS increased from 24.5 to 33.2 degrees C while LDF increased by 404% and CBV increased by 89%. During the experimental heating procedure in which TS was clamped, respective increments in LDF and CBV were 414% and 72%. Respective changes in LDF and CBV between the control and experimental procedures were not significantly different. These results argue against local heat flux as a major mechanism for an increase in cutaneous capillary blood flow during indirect heating. PMID- 3255880 TI - Histamine receptor on mast cells. AB - Mast cells isolated from the peritoneal fluid of Wistar rats were purified by centrifugation on Percoll gradient with a yield of 2x10(6) cells/ml. Cell morphology was well preserved as shown by light and electron microscopy. The mast cells capacity to bind histamine was assayed using either [3H]-histamine or histamine-ferritin conjugate as electron-opaque probe for electron microscopic examination. The [3H]-histamine binding performed at 4 degrees C in Ca2+-free phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.3 completed within 30 min was found to be specific, with an IC50 value of 0.72 +/- 0.23 nM. The data analyses by Scatchard and Hill's representations showed a KD of 0.60 +/- 0.24 nM and Bmax of 4.9 +/- 1.2 pM/10(6) cells suggesting that on mast cells the histamine receptors are restricted to the plasma membrane. According to Hill's analysis neither positive nor negative cooperativity (n = 1.06) appeared to be involved in the specific histamine-receptor binding. Competition experiments with 4-methylhistamine and SK&F 93479, revealed that mast cells express H2-histamine receptors. At electron microscopic level, the histamine-ferritin conjugate interstitially injected in the hamster cheek pouch was localized on the mast cell membrane. PMID- 3255881 TI - [Clinico-statistical observation of the TMJ and muscle dysfunction]. PMID- 3255882 TI - [Basic studies on colorimetry of porcelain fused-to-metal crown. Color analysis of Vita opaque material]. PMID- 3255883 TI - [Metal color hiding effect and adhesive strength of an adhesive resin 'Panavia']. PMID- 3255884 TI - [Application of an image analyzing system on prosthodontics. Measurements of human profiles of face and central incisor tooth]. PMID- 3255885 TI - [Stress analysis of porcelain laminate veneers]. PMID- 3255886 TI - [Dynamical studies on occlusion and temporomandibular joint. VII. Observation of the inclination of translation on the condyle of the non-working side of lateral movement]. PMID- 3255887 TI - [A study of mandibular displacement due to biting force. Part 1. Establishment of experimental method]. PMID- 3255888 TI - [The flow properties of tissue conditioners]. PMID- 3255889 TI - [Morphological study of temporomandibular joint in sagittal plane with cephalometric laminagraph (2nd report)]. PMID- 3255890 TI - Body temperature monitoring in subjects with delayed sleep phase syndrome. AB - To clarify the circadian aspects of delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) in 4 patients with DSPS, we recorded polysomnograms and rectal temperature before and after chronotherapy. The time interval (2.7 h) between sleep onset and rectal temperature minimum before chronotherapy was shorter than the time interval after chronotherapy (5.3 h). Before chronotherapy, the period of rectal temperature rhythm was 24.7 h. After chronotherapy, the period of rectal temperature rhythm was 24.0 h. These findings lead to the conclusion that in DSPS there is a weakened mechanism of entrainment similar to that in non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome. PMID- 3255891 TI - l-fenfluramine in tests of dominance and anxiety in the rat. AB - l-Fenfluramine (1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the success of dominant rats competing with untreated middle rank rats for chocolate. In resident rats, l fenfluramine (2.5 mg/kg) significantly increased the number of submissions, and the time spent submitting, to untreated rats intruding into their home-cage territory; it also significantly reduced the number of kicks directed at, and the time spent kicking, the intruder; and the incidence of, and time spent in, aggressively grooming the intruder. When the intruder rats were treated with l fenfluramine the only significantly change was a decrease in the number of wrestling bouts and the time spent wrestling. Since l-fenfluramine did not change other behaviours in this test (e.g. sniffing the opponent) the decrease in dominance behaviours was probably not secondary to nonspecific sedation. In the social interaction test of anxiety, l-fenfluramine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the time spent in active social interaction, and decreased motor activity. Analyses of covariance indicated that these were two independent effects. In the elevated plus-maze, l-fenfluramine (1.25-5 mg/kg) significantly decreased the percent number of entries made onto open arms, and (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) significantly decreased the percent of times spent on the open arms. The total number of arm entries was reduced by all doses (0.625-5 mg/kg). Analysis of covariance indicated that the decrease in percent of time spent on the open arms was secondary to the drop in overall activity. Thus there was no evidence of anxiolytic action in either of these tests, the changes indicating, if anything, anxiogenic effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3255892 TI - Effects of single doses of diazepam, chlorpromazine, imipramine and trihexyphenidyl on visual-evoked potentials. AB - There is increasing evidence that the P 100 peak of the pattern-reversal visual evoked potential (VEP-PR) is delayed by drug-induced dopamine antagonism and in Parkinson's disease. Recent studies have reported that components of the flash VEP (VEP-F) are delayed by an anticholinergic which does not affect the VEP-PR. The present study found that a single dose of chlorpromazine increased the latencies of the VEP-PR and of the VEP-F and increased the VEP-F P2 amplitude. Trihexyphenidyl increased the VEP-PR amplitude but had only minor effects on the VEP-F. There was a tendency for imipramine to increase VEP-F latencies, especially the N3 peak, but had no effect on the VEP-PR. Both VEPs were unaffected by diazepam. These VEP findings add further support to the role of dopamine in the human visual system. Possible reasons are advanced for the failure of trihexyphenidyl to cause previously reported VEP changes associated with hyoscine hydrobromide. Several important issues need to be addressed by future research. PMID- 3255893 TI - [A post-operative prognostic index: final form and validation]. PMID- 3255894 TI - [Neonatal effects of intravenous or peridural administration of fentanyl in cesarean section]. PMID- 3255895 TI - [Postoperative analgesia with peridural morphine. Comparative study in thoracic and abdominal surgery]. PMID- 3255896 TI - [Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with retrogasserian glycerol injection. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3255897 TI - [Intraoperative ventricular torsade de pointes tachycardia. Description of a case]. PMID- 3255898 TI - [Percutaneous retrogasserian thermorhizotomy using radiofrequency in a case of trigeminal neuralgia caused by ectasia of the basilar artery]. PMID- 3255899 TI - [Transmission electron microscopy in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms using specimens obtained by fine needle puncture biopsy]. PMID- 3255900 TI - [Neoplasms of the stomach and small intestine of muscular origin with special reference to leiomyoblastoma in our practice]. PMID- 3255901 TI - [Cancer of the large intestine--morphologic and clinical analysis of 212 cases]. PMID- 3255902 TI - [Value of endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of cardiomyopathy and myocarditis]. PMID- 3255903 TI - [Morphologic and histoenzymatic studies of rat kidneys after acute 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) poisoning]. PMID- 3255904 TI - [Current theories on the role of vitamin D in physiology and pathology. Therapeutic implications]. PMID- 3255905 TI - [Urinary excretion of calcium after administration of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis]. PMID- 3255906 TI - [Ascorbic acid in the blood serum and urine of patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 3255907 TI - [Effect of vitamin E on platelet function and anemia in patients on long-term hemodialysis]. PMID- 3255908 TI - [Effect of disorders of liver function on vitamin D absorption in children with post-hepatitis cirrhosis of the liver]. PMID- 3255909 TI - [The role of fungal flora in urinary tract infections in children]. PMID- 3255910 TI - [Analysis of infections among newborn infants treated at a neonatal department 1981-1986]. PMID- 3255911 TI - [Mycostatic activity of new nystatin and polyfungin derivatives against fungi isolated from patients with recurrent mycoses]. PMID- 3255912 TI - Renal failure in Africa. PMID- 3255913 TI - Angina-like chest pain: a joint medical and psychiatric investigation. AB - Sixty three patients with chest pain typical of angina and who had normal coronary angiograms were investigated for left ventricular, oesophageal and psychiatric abnormalities. An additional 21 patients, age and sex matched, who had angina and significant coronary artery disease were also studied. Eighty six per cent of the 63 patients without evidence of coronary artery disease could be demonstrated to have a physical abnormality (left ventricular dysfunction in 35%, oesophageal disorder 51%). There was, however, a wide variation in the incidence of psychiatric morbidity between the diagnostic subgroups-18% in left ventricular dysfunction, 29% in those with coronary artery disease and 59% in patients with oesophageal disorders (P less than 0.01). Thus failure to identify left ventricular dysfunction and inclusion of such subjects in psychological assessments of 'angiogram-negative' chest pain might give misleading results. This study confirms that patients with angina and normal coronary angiography have a high incidence of oesophageal disorders. However psychiatric illness is also common in this group of subjects and management needs to take both these factors into account. PMID- 3255914 TI - Problems of myeloma in a community. AB - The presenting features of 120 consecutive cases of myeloma diagnosed in a single unit were examined. Screening tests on routine laboratory samples increased the detection rate but did not significantly reduce the percentage of cases presenting with late stage disease. Morbidity was closely related to the incidence of bone involvement already present at diagnosis. About one fifth of cases had reported suspicious symptoms for some considerable time before further investigation was forthcoming. Almost half had 'benefitted' by having concurrent disease which often led to the discovery of myeloma at an early stage. These findings, together with the wide variety of symptomatology and few physical signs, stressed the critical importance of having a high index of suspicion and thus taking suitable blood samples without unnecessary delay. PMID- 3255915 TI - Chlortenoxicam pharmacokinetics in young and elderly human volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of chlortenoxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, have been compared in young and elderly healthy human volunteers. Chlortenoxicam was found to have a relatively short mean elimination half-life of about 4 hours, with considerable inter-subject variability, but there was no significant difference between young and elderly subjects. There was no evidence of accumulation with repeated administration. No unchanged chlortenoxicam was found in urine from any subject, suggesting that it undergoes extensive metabolism in man. PMID- 3255916 TI - A novel means of comparing the bioequivalence of two formulations of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (De-Noltab). AB - Tripotassium dicitrato-bismuthate (TDB) has a topical action in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Absorption is minimal and the blood levels are therefore irrelevant to the assessment of bioavailability. TDB is however detectable in the stomach and duodenum by conventional electron microscopy. Following oral administration of two different formulations of TDB tables to patients attending a gastroscopy clinic, duodenal biopsies were obtained and examined by electron microscopy. The amount of electron dense drug precipitate was quantified. No difference could be detected between the two formulations. PMID- 3255917 TI - Oral bowel lavage preparation for colonoscopy. AB - Colonoscopy is a commonly performed diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in most general hospitals, which requires effective bowel preparation to be worthwhile. We report the effect of replacing a diet, laxative and bowel washout preparation with oral bowel lavage using a balanced electrolyte formulation, in our unit. The preparation was acceptable to patients, medical and nursing staff, generally preferred to previous preparations by those who had experienced them, allowed a more complete colonoscopy with an excellent quality of view, and was less expensive in nursing time. We regard oral bowel lavage as currently the method of choice for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy in the majority of patients. PMID- 3255918 TI - Can old people on oral anticoagulants be safely managed as out-patients? AB - Of 62 patients (mean age 75, range 65-92 years) referred to an out-patient anticoagulant clinic specifically for those aged 65 years or more, treatment was considered unsafe in only one patient and was discontinued. Minor bleeding which did not require a significant change in management was recorded on 25 (7%) of 381 clinic visits and one major haemorrhage occurred requiring emergency hospital admission. Anticoagulation was maintained within the therapeutic range on 284 (75%) visits. The results confirm that with appropriate out-patient care and supervision, the risks of oral anticoagulant therapy in the elderly need be no greater than in younger patients. PMID- 3255919 TI - Myasthenia gravis and Schmidt syndrome. AB - We describe a 47 year old woman with a 30-year history of generalized myasthenia gravis whose condition had been stable and well controlled on a combination of pyridostigmine and ephedrine until she presented. At this time she gave a 2 month history of weakness, nausea, vomiting and more recently intermittent confusion. Investigations confirmed both primary hypothyroidism and primary adrenal failure (Schmidt syndrome). The autoimmune aetiology of these three conditions was confirmed by positive acetylcholine receptor, adrenal and thyroid microsomal antibodies. PMID- 3255920 TI - Persistent chorea as a manifestation of thyrotoxicosis. AB - We report a case of persistent chorea as a manifestation of thyrotoxicosis. The chorea was severe and persisted after the patient was rendered euthyroid. Dopamine antagonists only partially suppressed the involuntary movements during the first few months. It was eventually controlled with haloperidol, but whenever she discontinues the treatment the chorea has returned during the 16 months since she first presented. PMID- 3255921 TI - Severe disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with massive ventricular mural thrombus following acute myocardial infarction. AB - We describe three patients who developed severe disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with large ventricular mural thrombi shortly after presenting with acute myocardial infarction. To our knowledge this association has not been reported before. PMID- 3255922 TI - Delayed tension pneumothorax complicating staphylococcal pneumonia. AB - A case is described in which a tension pneumothorax complicated staphylococcal pneumonia 11 months after its onset. The delayed and subacute/chronic nature of the tension pneumothorax is unusual. The case also highlights the difficult differential diagnosis between subpleural lung cysts and encysted pneumothorax. PMID- 3255923 TI - Infectious mononucleosis: a cause of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. AB - We present a case of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy which illustrates that infection by the Epstein-Barr virus should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of this condition. PMID- 3255924 TI - Gastric adenocarcinoma associated with adenomyoma of the stomach. AB - We report a case of gastric adenomyoma contiguous with adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Although a similar association is well recognized in the duodenum, we believe this to be the first documented case in the stomach. We review the literature on adenomyomata and discuss the implications of this finding. It would appear that glandular and cystic intramural lesions of the stomach are a heterogeneous group, and while there is a well established association between gastric carcinoma and gastritis cystica profunda, the same does not apply to gastric adenomyoma. PMID- 3255925 TI - Jaccoud's arthropathy--diagnostic and therapeutic implications. AB - A case of isolated chronic severe aortic regurgitation with Jaccoud's arthropathy involving the foot is presented. The interesting feature of the case is the absence of history of acute rheumatic arthritis at any stage of the illness. The diagnostic and possible therapeutic significance of this otherwise uncommon and benign condition are discussed. PMID- 3255926 TI - Hepatic abscess and cystic fibrosis. AB - Extrapulmonary infection is rare in cystic fibrosis. We describe two adult patients with cystic fibrosis whose course was complicated by the development of liver abscesses. The possible aetiology of these abscesses is discussed and the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pyogenic hepatic abscess is briefly reviewed. PMID- 3255928 TI - Women in medicine. PMID- 3255927 TI - Adenosine in heart and lung disease. Proceedings of the first Cardiothoracic Institute Workshop. 30 March 1988, London. Abstracts. PMID- 3255929 TI - HIV seropositivity in a geriatric medical unit. PMID- 3255930 TI - Right heart failure following acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3255931 TI - Ketamine tolerance. PMID- 3255932 TI - Oesophageal Crohn's disease. PMID- 3255933 TI - Incidence and types of acute viral hepatitis in Newcastle upon Tyne. AB - The incidence and types of viral hepatitis in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne have been studied by serological analysis of (a) all blood samples sent to the virological laboratory for hepatitis testing and (b) all blood samples sent by general practitioners to the biochemical laboratory for liver function testing. The annual detection rate of acute viral hepatitis was found to be 31.5 cases/100,000 population, of which 9.1 were hepatitis B. Only three sporadic cases of non-A non-B hepatitis were identified. The incidence of hepatitis is at least four-fold greater than suggested by notification rates and may be substantially higher as general practitioners rarely requested laboratory confirmation of household contacts of index cases. PMID- 3255934 TI - Effect of nifedipine and mefruside on renal reserve in hypertensive patients. AB - Changes in glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow following a protein meal were measured in seven patients with essential hypertension on no treatment and after 6 weeks' treatment with nifedipine and mefruside. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow increased significantly following a protein meal in patients on no treatment (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05 respectively). The response to a protein meal was lost following antihypertensive treatment (P less than 0.5 and P less than 0.1 respectively). Although there was some increase in the fasting values of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow this was less pronounced and more difficult to demonstrate when only fasting values were compared. We propose that the loss of response to a protein meal is due to recruitment of renal reserve function and that protein meal challenge is a sensitive test for detecting changes in renal function. PMID- 3255935 TI - Pulmonary endometriosis mimicking an acute abdomen. AB - A case of pulmonary endometriosis is reported, to illustrate the classic catamenial symptoms of the disease. The patient also developed symptoms and signs suggesting a perforated abdominal viscus; laparotomy was normal and the features may have resulted from a previously unreported effect of diaphragmatic endometrial foci. PMID- 3255936 TI - Myocarditis complicating ethylene glycol poisoning in the absence of neurological features. AB - The consequences of ethylene glycol intoxication are described in a 42 year old man who presented with a profound metabolic acidosis, cardiogenic shock and renal failure. The clinical and electrocardiographic findings suggested a myocarditis and this was confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy. The striking absence of neurological features in this patient delayed diagnosis, which was not suspected until calcium oxalate crystals were demonstrated at renal biopsy. Retrospective analysis of serum retained at his admission to hospital confirmed toxic levels of ethylene glycol. Following a period of intensive cardio-respiratory support and peritoneal dialysis he made a good recovery with cardiac and renal function returning to normal. PMID- 3255937 TI - Retinal pigment epithelial change and partial lipodystrophy. AB - Cuticular drusen and retinal pigment epithelial changes were found incidentally in a 27 year old Lebanese woman during assessment of partial lipodystrophy. Her vision was normal despite involvement of both maculae. The patient had hypocomplementaemia, but serum C3 nephritic factor was absent and renal function was normal. She had impaired glucose tolerance and a continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment (CIGMA) test revealed low normal tissue insulin sensitivity and high normal pancreatic beta cell function. Mild fasting hypertriglyceridaemia (2.0 mmol/l) may have been secondary to impaired insulin sensitivity. Endocrine function was otherwise normal apart from a completely absent growth hormone response to adequate hypoglycaemia. The simultaneous occurrence of partial lipodystrophy and retinal pigmentary epithelial and basement membrane changes appears to be a newly recognized syndrome. PMID- 3255938 TI - Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid following radioactive iodine treatment for Graves' disease. AB - A 67 year old man presented with a well differentiated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid 17 years after he had been given radioactive iodine for Graves' disease. As this was insufficient to cure him he had continued to take propylthiouracil regularly. The tumour, which had completely replaced the thyroid, was apparently maintaining thyrotoxicosis. The implications of this management are discussed and it is concluded that antithyroid drugs should not be given on a long term basis after therapeutic radioiodine has been administered. PMID- 3255939 TI - Henoch-Schonlein purpura and Hodgkin's disease. AB - A 39 year old man who presented with classical Henoch-Schonlein purpura was shown to have mediastinal nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Henoch-Schonlein purpura resolved after treatment of the lymphoma. PMID- 3255941 TI - Systemic sclerosis in association with multiple primary pulmonary malignancy--a marker of internal malignancy? AB - Multiple pulmonary malignancy is uncommon and has not been reported in association with systemic sclerosis. We now report such a case in which it is likely that the connective tissue disease occurred as a marker of the internal malignancy. Systemic sclerosis is not generally a reliable indicator of malignant change, but it is possible that in patients who are immunosuppressed, either therapeutically or inherently, the onset of systemic sclerosis should prompt investigation for an underlying cause. PMID- 3255940 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as 'chronic active toxoplasmosis'. AB - We report the case of a 58 year old man in whom an unusually prolonged infection with Toxoplasma gondii was the presenting feature of an underlying non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This case demonstrates the particular usefulness of the IgM ELISA test in monitoring disease activity. PMID- 3255942 TI - Benign tumour of the ampulla of Vater presenting with portal hypertension. AB - Benign tumours of the ampulla of Vater are uncommon and usually present with obstructive jaundice. This is believed to be the first report of anicteric portal hypertension and hypersplenism caused by a benign ampullary tumour. PMID- 3255943 TI - Primary appendicitis epiploicae mimicking acute appendicitis. AB - We report two cases of primary appendicitis epiploicae, caused by torsion, whose presentation mimicked acute appendicitis. PMID- 3255944 TI - Hair changes following cytotoxic drug induced alopecia. PMID- 3255945 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 3255946 TI - What can we do for the child with malignant disease? PMID- 3255947 TI - Working with children who may have been sexually abused. PMID- 3255948 TI - Autism: making an early diagnosis. PMID- 3255950 TI - The medical ethics of nuclear war. PMID- 3255949 TI - The problems referred to a breast clinic. PMID- 3255951 TI - How to deal with a complaint. PMID- 3255952 TI - The practice formulary--a useful challenge. PMID- 3255953 TI - Research in general practice. Managing a research project. PMID- 3255954 TI - Research in general practice. Keeping up the momentum. PMID- 3255955 TI - Effect on the pocket or fear of the grave? The reaction of smokers to information. PMID- 3255956 TI - Psychiatric discharge summaries--an assessment of need. PMID- 3255957 TI - The accuracy of a practice-based immunisation register. PMID- 3255958 TI - Continuing medical education: a new approach in The Netherlands. PMID- 3255959 TI - Local injection therapy for the treatment of chronic pain. PMID- 3255960 TI - Settling in. PMID- 3255961 TI - Patients' access to their medical records. PMID- 3255962 TI - Oral and oropharyngeal malignancies: the case for early detection. PMID- 3255963 TI - The GP's role in the management of female urinary incontinence. PMID- 3255964 TI - The place of birth--striking a balance. PMID- 3255965 TI - A request for hormone replacement therapy. PMID- 3255966 TI - Management of minor cytological abnormalities. PMID- 3255967 TI - Caring for patients with STD. PMID- 3255968 TI - Talking to patients about sex. PMID- 3255969 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection. PMID- 3255970 TI - The ethics of paternalism and preventive screening. PMID- 3255971 TI - The treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 3255972 TI - Sports medicine and the GP. PMID- 3255973 TI - A day in the life of Robin Cook. Interview by Isabel Collins. PMID- 3255974 TI - Some notes on syllable structure in articulatory phonology. AB - Two approaches to seeking stable patterns in the gestural organization of speech are examined: local organization (individual gestures coordinated with other individual gestures) and global organization (gestures forming larger conglomerates). Articulatory evidence from American English words with a variety of initial consonants and clusters shows that syllable-initial consonants form a global organization (indexed by a metric we term the C-center) that is coordinated with the syllable's vowel gesture. For syllable-final consonants, however, the evidence suggests that a local organization is employed: The first postvocalic consonant gesture is coordinated with the vowel gesture. Implications of these different styles of organization for the perceptual and phonological structure of speech are discussed. PMID- 3255975 TI - Articulatory organization: from phonology to speech signals. PMID- 3255976 TI - Life changes related to the onset of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Life changes preceding the onset of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were studied in 49 children with prolonged arthritis, and in 58 children with temporary arthritis. In addition, the frequency of changes experienced by patients during their life was compared with the expectancy scores for healthy children. The frequency of changes during the year prior to the onset of the disease did not differentiate children with JRA from children with temporary arthritis. During their lives, the children of both groups had experienced a higher frequency of life changes requiring considerable readjustment than healthy children of the same age. PMID- 3255977 TI - Toronto Alexithymia Scale: relationships with measures of patient self-disclosure and private self-consciousness. AB - The construct validity of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was tested by correlations with the Patient Self-Disclosure instrument and the Private Self Consciousness scale in a study of 333 students at a large midwestern university. The TAS was found to be internally consistent and to yield a replicable factor structure. Scores on the TAS correlated negatively with both overall ratings of the importance of such disclosure and scores on the PSC, and positively with perceived difficulty of patient self-disclosure. Results support construct validity of the TAS and suggest a more generally restrictive communicative style among alexithymic individuals than previously thought. PMID- 3255978 TI - Distribution of alexithymic characteristics within an adult outpatient population. AB - Utilizing the MMPI Alexithymia Scale (MMPI-AS), a retrospective study was undertaken to determine the distribution of alexithymia within an outpatient population. Approximately 7.64% of the outpatient population displayed the alexithymic trait. Analysis of alexithymia by sex revealed that 10.61% of males and 5.13% of females evidenced alexithymia. This does not correspond with other studies on the distribution of alexithymia within other nonpsychosomatic populations. Issues regarding the measurement instrument, distribution of alexithymia, as well as areas for further investigation are addressed. PMID- 3255980 TI - Dimensions of the 'endangered self' in anorexia nervosa. Empirical study based on comparison with normal controls. AB - In addition to the diagnosis of symptoms we recently proposed the empirical analysis of psychodynamic levels; this paper aims at an empirical study of a third, and most essential, problem area: disturbances and/or regulatory processes of the self-system. Based on Deneke's newly developed questionnaire, 30 anorexia nervosa patients were examined, and then compared with 64 normal controls (female university students). A self-profile comprising 18 scales is used to graphically illustrate the disturbances. The primary deficits were found in the subscales of the 'endangered self' and the 'hypochondriac self', while the subscales of the 'classic narcissistic self' and the 'idealistic self' were found to be irrelevant. The significant self-system scales were then related to the symptomatology. The conclusion of the paper contains some therapy considerations. PMID- 3255979 TI - Alexithymia: relationship to severity of medical illness and depression. AB - The relationship of depression and the severity of medical illness to alexithymia was investigated in 75 medically ill patients seen in psychiatric consultation. Both depression and living alone predicted alexithymia but severity of medical illness was not related to an individual's alexithymic characteristics measured by the revised Schalling-Sifneos Scale. The implications of the findings are discussed in relationship to previous data regarding alexithymia in a psychiatric consultation population. PMID- 3255981 TI - Validation of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale with substance abusers. AB - The purposes of this paper were to complete factor and item analyses of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) in a sample of mixed substance abusers and to examine the correlations between patients' TAS scores and other variables. Results indicate that the TAS is a reliable, valid measure of alexithymia for substance abusers. The factor structure we found is congruent with the theoretical construct and is similar to those published in the normative studies; coefficient alpha reliability was 0.68. Additionally, a high percentage of the subjects (50.4%) scored in the alexithymic range while 24% had scores in the nonalexithymic range. Patients' TAS scores were positively associated with Beck Depression Inventory scores, with a reported paternal history of alcoholism, and with attempted suicide; TAS scores were negatively associated with being Black. PMID- 3255982 TI - Psychotherapeutic outcome: measuring reliable clinical change. AB - Psychotherapeutic research is generally carried out to investigate the effectiveness of specific techniques with selected, often homogeneous samples of patients. This leads to problems when applying research findings to the clinical reality where the patient population is heterogeneous. In this study, we examine psychotherapy outcome in a natural treatment setting using criteria established by Jacobson and his colleagues for measuring improvement in psychotherapy, reliable change and clinical significance. Outcome was evaluated in a sample of 117 Dutch ambulatory mental health center patients with the SCL-90 Symptom Checklist and the Target Complaints List. On both instruments improvement rates varied greatly and were only moderately correlated. Our findings suggest that a more limited application of the Jacobson criteria derived from selected samples is warranted when applied in a general patient population. PMID- 3255983 TI - Lung function and exercise performance in hyperthyroidism before and after treatment. AB - In order to investigate the mechanism of dyspnoea in hyperthyroidism measurements of spirometry, lung volume, transfer factor for carbon monoxide and its subdivisions, maximal respiratory pressures, methacholine challenge, arterial blood gases were made and exercise studies performed on 16 patients before treatment for hyperthyroidism. Methacholine challenge showed that only three of 14 patients increased airway reactivity, which was mild. Maximal pressures which could be generated by the respiratory muscles were reduced in some patients, as was functional residual capacity. Exercise ventilation and breathing frequency were increased and the respiratory exchange ratio was abnormally high. Anaerobic threshold was measured in nine of 15 subjects and was below normal in each case. All but two subjects stopped exercise because of dyspnoea, and the maximum oxygen uptake achieved by the group was 53 per cent (n = 15, range 26-66 per cent) of predicted maximum oxygen consumption. The maximum ventilation averaged only 43 per cent (n = 15, range 16-96 per cent) of the maximal breathing capacity predicted from spirometric tests. Nine patients were studied shortly after being rendered euthyroid by treatment. At rest, only maximal respiratory pressures increased significantly. On exercise, the maximal workload attained and the ventilation achieved increased significantly. Breathing patterns, maximal oxygen consumption, ventilation, anaerobic threshold and cardiac frequency remained unchanged. We conclude that: patients with hyperthyroidism do not generally have increased airway reactivity; when hyperthyroid, respiratory muscles are weak, and improve following treatment; exercise capacity is impaired in hyperthyroid patients probably because of a combination of an inefficiently rapid and shallow breathing pattern, an increase of anaerobic metabolism and discomfort associated with the act of breathing. Although exercise capacity increases and the sensation of dyspnoea may decrease after treatment the pattern of breathing does not immediately return to normal. PMID- 3255984 TI - Profile of crescentic glomerulonephritis in Natal--a clinicopathological assessment. AB - Crescentic glomerulonephritis is invariably associated with a fulminant syndrome of rapidly progressive renal failure which generally progresses to end-stage renal failure within weeks or months of onset. A widely differing aetiological background has been reported from Western countries. Work from the African continent is sparse. In a study from the province of Natal in South Africa between 1981 and 1987, 27 cases of crescentic nephritis were identified from a total of 458 patients who underwent renal biopsy at King Edward VIII and Addington hospitals. Poststreptococcal nephritis was the commonest aetiological factor (n = 8). There were six black patients in this group. Nine patients were classified as idiopathic and of these five were black. Four patients (one black) had antiglomerular basement membrane disease. Of the 24 patients subjected to variable combinations of immunosuppression, antiplatelet agents, dialysis and plasmapheresis, 11 improved, observed over four months to four years. Oliguria and severe renal failure at presentation signified a poor prognosis. PMID- 3255985 TI - Prevalence of nocturnal hypoxaemia amongst men with mild to moderate hypertension. AB - Thirty men (aged 35-65) with untreated essential hypertension (BP greater than or equal to 140/90), confirmed by 24-h ambulatory monitoring, had overnight recordings of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in their own homes. The overnight saturation records were compared with those from a group of 30 normotensive control subjects matched for age, height and weight. The groups did not exhibit significant differences in any of the following parameters of overnight oxygenation: median SaO2, lowest SaO2 or frequency of 3 or 4 per cent dips in SaO2. We conclude that essential hypertension is not associated with excessive arterial hypoxaemia such as might be due to a sleep apnoea syndrome. PMID- 3255987 TI - [Patient motivation]. PMID- 3255986 TI - [What should the dental assistant know about the rubber dam? (I)]. PMID- 3255988 TI - [Radiograph--development and documentation (I)]. PMID- 3255989 TI - [Basic principles in dental surgery. Preparatory operative measures (IV)]. PMID- 3255990 TI - [Home tooth and mouth care using electric toothbrushes]. PMID- 3255992 TI - [Hygiene and infection prevention in dental office]. PMID- 3255991 TI - [New chairs for natural seating. Experiment report]. PMID- 3255993 TI - [Basic principles in dental surgery. Preparatory operative measures (V)]. PMID- 3255994 TI - [The elderly patient (I)]. PMID- 3255995 TI - [Use of radiography in dentistry. (I). Significant points for the dental assistant in the new radiography regulations]. PMID- 3255996 TI - [Animal cage as dental office. Tusk treatment in a young elephant in the Kronberger Opel Zoo]. PMID- 3255997 TI - [Basic principles in dental surgery. Preparatory operative measures (VI)]. PMID- 3255998 TI - [The elderly patient (II)]. PMID- 3255999 TI - [Influence of early nursing on jaw and facial growth]. PMID- 3256000 TI - [Use of radiography in dentistry. (II). Significant points for the dental assistant in the new radiography regulations]. PMID- 3256001 TI - [Equipment maintenance and care]. PMID- 3256002 TI - [Finishing ceramic inlays in the laboratory--experience with Ducera-Lay (II)]. PMID- 3256003 TI - [Orthodontic-prosthetic questions on anterior space in the deciduous dentition]. PMID- 3256004 TI - [Creative possibilities using multicolored wax]. PMID- 3256005 TI - Anthracycline cardiotoxicity: new insights. PMID- 3256006 TI - Evaluation of renal and urinary tract abnormalities observed during bone scintigraphy. PMID- 3256007 TI - Boost irradiation in postoperative treatment of malignant gliomas--survival results. PMID- 3256008 TI - Dosage-clinical problems related to a method of patient immobilization by mask during external beam radiotherapy. PMID- 3256009 TI - Aseptic necrosis of the humeral head. PMID- 3256010 TI - Multidisciplinary intervention in the control of cancer pain. PMID- 3256011 TI - Clinical trials in oncology: some data collection features. PMID- 3256012 TI - Aplasia of inferior articular processes of L3. A case report. PMID- 3256013 TI - Roentgenographic chest examination in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A review. PMID- 3256014 TI - Stationary grids in senology: assessment of the diagnostic improvement by a group of radiologists. PMID- 3256015 TI - Neoplastic risk from radiation use in clinical practice: risk-benefit assessment. PMID- 3256016 TI - Routine lateral pelvimetry: a personal experience. PMID- 3256017 TI - Digital radiography: a fundamental step for planning a fully automated imaging department. PMID- 3256018 TI - Impact of CT scan on therapeutic management of lung cancer. PMID- 3256019 TI - Splenic cavernous hemangioma: CT findings and report of an unusual case. PMID- 3256020 TI - Identification and minimization of risk factors in angiography. PMID- 3256021 TI - Azygos and hemiazygos continuation of inferior vena cava: CT patterns. PMID- 3256022 TI - [Development of Meckel's cartilage in prenatal life]. PMID- 3256023 TI - [The lingual approach to impacted third molars. Comparative study]. PMID- 3256025 TI - [AIDS and the dentist]. PMID- 3256024 TI - [Orthodontic and psychotherapeutic aspects in treatment of bad habits]. PMID- 3256026 TI - [Cleft lip and velo-palatal fissure. 2. The role of the dentist. Interview by Doris Cauvi Leon]. PMID- 3256027 TI - [Surgical extrusion of roots for final restoration]. PMID- 3256028 TI - [Study of the metallic surface of various endodontic files]. PMID- 3256029 TI - [Volumetric comparison of apical seal with 4 thermoplastic root obturation technics]. PMID- 3256030 TI - [Loss of fluoride from dentifrices. An experimental model]. PMID- 3256031 TI - [The risk of infection in dentists faced with HIV]. PMID- 3256032 TI - [Frequently committed errors in reevaluation of patients treated for marginal adult periodontitis]. PMID- 3256033 TI - [Restorative treatment needs in preschool and schoolchildren in greater Santiago, Chile, 1981]. PMID- 3256034 TI - [Internal configuration of premolars]. PMID- 3256035 TI - [Identification of patients with cariogenic potential. Preliminary evaluation of salivary flow and buffering capacity in Brazilians]. PMID- 3256036 TI - [Profound mental retardation (PMR). Etiology, oral and general clinical aspects]. PMID- 3256037 TI - [Dexamethasone for control of postoperative edema]. PMID- 3256038 TI - [Aneurysmatic osseous cyst of the coronoid process]. PMID- 3256039 TI - [Anodontia of the lower canine]. PMID- 3256040 TI - [Iatrogenesis of amalgam]. PMID- 3256041 TI - [Determination of caries risk]. PMID- 3256042 TI - [The use of calcium hydroxide with olive oil as an apical barrier in depulped teeth with periapical lesions]. PMID- 3256043 TI - [Gingivitis in children. Prevalence and severity in 3 to 6-year old children of both sexes]. PMID- 3256044 TI - [Dental resorption caused by orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3256045 TI - [Lengths and distortion in root canal measurements of upper premolars and upper and lower molars]. PMID- 3256046 TI - [Spiritual care. Recovery through prayer]. PMID- 3256047 TI - [Lucky to be a student nurse]. PMID- 3256048 TI - [It's up to the Minister to give patients an entire record]. PMID- 3256049 TI - [Psychotherapy. How can I forgive my parents?]. PMID- 3256050 TI - [Working environment. Big difference in the control and safety of anesthesia gases]. PMID- 3256052 TI - [Pension fund drained of 200 million in one and one half year]. PMID- 3256051 TI - [England. Can the British government keep its promises?]. PMID- 3256053 TI - [Government: expensive to educate nurses]. PMID- 3256054 TI - [Faeroe Islands--"you needed a lot of courage"]. PMID- 3256055 TI - [Prevention. Health policies and nursing come out into the street]. PMID- 3256056 TI - [Basic education should not pay off students]. PMID- 3256057 TI - [Breast cancer. Freedom of choice in surgery for breast cancer?]. PMID- 3256058 TI - [Prevention. Why are children with cavities in their teeth hospitalized?]. PMID- 3256059 TI - [Faeroese nurses stand once again on their own legs]. PMID- 3256060 TI - [Faeroe Islands--extensive freedom of action results in expansion in the health sector]. PMID- 3256061 TI - [Nursing--patient, sum of points, nursing time]. PMID- 3256062 TI - [Working environment. AIDS. Little risk for contamination at work but they must take it seriously]. PMID- 3256063 TI - [Nurses' 3 positions confronting a big milieu problem]. PMID- 3256064 TI - [Student protest against Bertel Haarder and the Danish Nursing Council]. PMID- 3256065 TI - [Executive Board. Political signals which require action]. PMID- 3256066 TI - [Danish nurse on the picket line in USA. Interview by Torben Steno Hansen]. PMID- 3256067 TI - [Nursing--when patients are in need of intensive care]. PMID- 3256068 TI - [Nurses in Greenland face big problems]. PMID- 3256069 TI - [First nurse in Parliament. Interview by Mette-Marie Davidsen]. PMID- 3256070 TI - [Education. Do patients have the right to scrutinize student tasks?]. PMID- 3256072 TI - [That article offends those responsible]. PMID- 3256071 TI - [Working environment. Trade guidelines on lifting of patients over 10 years old is on the way]. PMID- 3256073 TI - [Danish Institute for Nursing Research. A project which gets its start with research. Interview by Grethe Kjaergaard]. PMID- 3256074 TI - [USA report. A month of strike without result. Interview by Torben Steno Hansen]. PMID- 3256075 TI - [Greenland. Nurses are sacrificed in physicians shortage]. PMID- 3256076 TI - [Criteria for brain death. A long life is not the same as a good life]. PMID- 3256077 TI - [My mother was an organ donor]. PMID- 3256078 TI - [The Minister of Health misunderstands something]. PMID- 3256079 TI - [Drug information. Antitussive agents must stop dry cough or loosen secretions]. PMID- 3256080 TI - [Research. Reflexion is necessary for professional development]. PMID- 3256082 TI - [The need for small hospitals]. PMID- 3256081 TI - [From neurological sanatorium to psychiatric hospital]. PMID- 3256083 TI - [More and more admissions for social reasons]. PMID- 3256084 TI - [Health policy. Conditions for and obstacles to fresh ideas]. PMID- 3256085 TI - [Education. Bachelor--that should be something for nurses. Interview by Grethe Kjaergaard]. PMID- 3256086 TI - [Why can't I get leave of absence when my wife will give birth?]. PMID- 3256087 TI - [Executive Board. Strategies are a joint concern but negotiations are a local concern]. PMID- 3256088 TI - [Research. Key words are patient safety and planning]. PMID- 3256089 TI - [Only few concretely know the significance of organ transplantation]. PMID- 3256090 TI - [AIDS. Revolt against physicians who ought to get away from nurses. Interview by Grethe Kjaergaard]. PMID- 3256091 TI - [Cutting down. Frustration about closure of Ebeltoft and Skanderborg hospitals]. PMID- 3256092 TI - Micro ELISA for measurement of parathymosin alpha utilizing a monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody to the non-thymosin alpha 1 overlapping sequence of parathymosin alpha was used to develop a micro ELISA to measure parathymosin alpha. Parathymosin alpha levels were measurable in both mouse tissue extracts and in human adult and cord serum. To measure parathymosin alpha, a 40% ammonium sulfate precipitated monoclonal antibody specific for the parathymosin alpha fragment was preincubated with the parathymosin alpha fragment or samples for 4 hours at 4 degrees C, incubated an additional 24 hours in microtiter plates coated with the parathymosin alpha fragment and then assayed by the biotin-avidin alkaline phosphatase method. Using the assay, parathymosin alpha could be measured over a range of 5 to 630 ng/ml and cross-reactivity with thymosin alpha 1 was not observed. The parathymosin alpha level was 400 +/- 140 (mean +/- SD) ng/ml in normal human sera (n = 12) and 150 +/- 80 ng/ml in cord sera (n = 12). The concentration of parathymosin alpha was highest in tissue extracts of mouse liver (153 +/- 40 micrograms parathymosin alpha per g of tissue), kidney (125 +/- 33), and lung (105 +/- 38). Levels were lowest in thymus (81 +/- 20), spleen (83 +/- 23), and brain (71 +/- 23). PMID- 3256093 TI - The release of luteinizing hormone from pituitaries perifused with thymic extracts. AB - Medium obtained by the perifusion of fragments of adult male CSE rat thymuses stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland in vitro. The release of the stimulatory factor/s from the thymus appears to be stimulated by the depolarizing concentration of K+ and to be Ca++ dependent. Perifusates from heart, liver and spleen did not elicit the response suggesting that the effect is specific to the thymus gland. Neither LH nor its releasing hormone, LHRH, were detectable in the thymus perifusates by RIA. Levels of facteur thymique serique (FTS), as measured by bioassay are highest in K+ stimulated fractions that exhibit the greatest LH releasing activity. In separate experiments in vitro FTS, but not two other thymic peptides, thymopoietin and thymosin alpha 1, caused a dose-related release of LH from pituitary tissue. That ability of thymic perifusates to cause the release of LH was age-related because tissue from neonatal and ageing males failed to release compounds with any significant effect on the pituitary release of LH. However, when the thymus was enlarged in ageing rats as a result of orchidectomy 1 month before sacrifice LH release was similar to that observed in young male adults. PMID- 3256094 TI - Improvement of macular edema after panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 3256095 TI - Combined retinal artery-vein obstructions. PMID- 3256097 TI - Epicanthal folds and blepharophimosis: a new technique. PMID- 3256096 TI - An approach to a genetic eye disorder. PMID- 3256098 TI - Training in use of the bioptic telescopic spectacle (BTS) for driving is unreasonable. PMID- 3256099 TI - Pilocarpine isn't all that bad. PMID- 3256100 TI - Tumors of the skull base in clinical otolaryngology. PMID- 3256101 TI - The management of the patient with squamous cell carcinoma attached to the carotid artery. PMID- 3256102 TI - Imaging of head and neck tumors. PMID- 3256103 TI - Changes in hair bundle stiffness on cochlear hair cells following overstimulation and ototoxic injury. PMID- 3256104 TI - The use of acyclovir in ENT surgery. PMID- 3256105 TI - Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and the antibody response to tetanus toxoid vaccination. PMID- 3256106 TI - Quinine pharmacokinetics in cerebral malaria: predicted plasma concentrations after rapid intravenous loading using a two-compartment model. AB - To investigate the toxic potential of rapid intravenous quinine administration in severe malaria, the pharmacokinetic properties of low-dose quinine dihydrochloride injection (4 mg/kg body weight, equivalent to 3.3 mg base/kg) followed one hour later by infusion of 16 mg/kg over 3 h were studied in 7 patients with cerebral malaria. Plasma quinine concentrations closely followed a bi-exponential decline. Both the volumes of the central compartment (mean +/- SD: 0.17 +/- 0.10 litre/kg) and total volumes of distribution (0.74 +/- 0.30 litre/kg) were significantly smaller than those previously reported for healthy subjects. Based on the derived pharmacokinetic parameters, predicted plasma quinine concentrations following intravenous injection of the standard therapeutic dose (10 mg salt/kg) over 10-20 min are potentially toxic in severe malaria. Further reductions in administration time would produce disproportionately higher plasma quinine concentrations, especially as the distribution half-time (2.3 +/- 3.2 min) is approached. A theoretical regimen designed to achieve therapeutic, non-toxic plasma quinine concentrations promptly would be 7.0 mg quinine dihydrochloride/kg over 30 min. A subsequent maintenance infusion of 10 mg/kg over 4 h would allow for drug elimination and acute changes in pharmacokinetic parameters due to resuscitation and rehydration. PMID- 3256107 TI - Experimental infection of the naked mole-rat, Heterocephalus glaber, with Leishmania donovani. PMID- 3256108 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3256109 TI - Studies on canine leishmaniasis control. 2. Effectiveness of control measures against canine leishmaniasis in the Isle of Elba, Italy. AB - A serological and parasitological survey carried out in 1985 in the Isle of Elba, Italy, revealed a high prevalence of canine leishmaniasis. This focus was considered ideal for the evaluation of effectiveness of treating infected dogs with meglumine antimoniate, applied as a control measure during 1985 and 1986. New data on prevalence were obtained for the years 1986 and 1987. Incidence of new canine leishmaniasis cases after the transmission seasons 1984, 1985 and 1986 were determined by examining 2 cohorts: cohort I, dogs born within 2 transmission seasons, and cohort II, adult dogs examined and found to be negative before each transmission season. Over 2000 tests were carried out on 1500 dogs. Prevalence analysis showed a reduction of infective dogs (symptomatic and oligosymptomatic) from 14.4% in 1985 to 5.2% in 1987. Incidence analysis showed a decrease of new cases from 12.4% after transmission season 1984 to 4.6% after transmission season 1987. The results indicate a two-thirds reduction of the disease frequency in dogs of the Isle of Elba after a 2-year period of control measures. PMID- 3256110 TI - African trypanosomiasis in a Caucasian associated with anaphylactic shock. PMID- 3256111 TI - Combined oral and endoscopic mepacrine therapy in a case of persistent chronic symptomatic giardiasis. PMID- 3256112 TI - Spurious human infection with Schistosoma bovis. PMID- 3256113 TI - Onchocerciasis in Sierra Leone.2: A comparison of forest and savanna villages. AB - Very little of the original primary forest remains in Sierra Leone and the savanna is mainly woodland or a forest-savanna mosaic. The prevalence of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus, nodules and moderate or severe skin lesions was higher in forest than savanna villages. In forest villages the prevalence of microfilariae was 71.8% at the iliac crest, 36.6% (outer canthus), 12.8% (cornea) and 34.1% in the anterior chamber of the eye. Corresponding figures for the savanna villages were 51.9%, 20.5%, 5.6% and 21.8%. The overall prevalence of nodules in the forest and savanna was 70.5% and 53.2% respectively, while the prevalence of head and upper body nodules was 14.8% (forest) and 11.0% (savanna). The prevalence of moderate or severe skin lesions was 17.7% in forest and 13.0% in savanna villages. Lesions of the groin and scrotum were few in both zones. In persons aged 30 years or more the prevalence rates of severe eye lesions- sclerosing keratitis, iritis, optic atrophy and choroidoretinitis--were 4.3%, 16.1%, 13.9% and 14.8% respectively in forest villages. Corresponding figures for the savanna villages were 3.7%, 8.7%, 14.2% and 11.3%. Males were more commonly affected than females. At least one of these lesions was found in 32% persons in forest and 24% in savanna villages. PMID- 3256114 TI - Onchocerciasis in Sierra Leone 3: Relationships between eye lesions and microfilarial prevalence and intensity. AB - The relationship between severe onchocercal eye lesions (iritis, sclerosing keratitis, optic atrophy and choroidoretinitis) and (i) the prevalence and intensity of microfilariae (mf) of Onchocerca volvulus in skin snips from the iliac crest and outer canthus, and (ii) the prevalence of mf in the cornea and anterior chamber of the eye, was studied in 1414 persons from forest and savanna villages and 312 attenders at eye clinics. Ecologically the savanna of Sierra Leone more closely resembles the forest than the dry Sudan-savanna areas of West Africa, and in persons aged 30 years or more the combined prevalence of anterior segment lesions (iritis and sclerosing keratitis) was higher in the forest villages (20.6%) than in the savanna (12.7%). The higher loads of mf found in the forest compared to savanna villages could explain these results. Prevalence rates for posterior segment lesions (optic atrophy and choroidoretinitis) were 28.1% and 22.6% in the forest and savanna respectively. Although in villages from both zones there was a close association between mf in the anterior chamber and optic atrophy, other associations between posterior segment lesions and mf were either not significant or weak. In contrast, there was a strong association between anterior segment lesions and mf in the eye and the concentration of mf at the outer canthus. This association was stronger for iritis than for sclerosing keratitis. PMID- 3256115 TI - An egg surface antigen of Setaria digitata (filariae) shed on development to microfilariae. AB - Egg surface antigens of Setaria digitata were investigated by an immunoperoxidase staining technique. Certain antigens on the egg surface were shed when the eggs developed to microfilariae. Rabbit antisera to S. digitata eggs and to the soluble egg antigen reacted (as detected by immunoperoxidase staining) with the surface antigens of S. digitata eggs and immature microfilariae, and with mature microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Dirofilaria repens, but not with the surface antigens of mature microfilariae of S. digitata. PMID- 3256116 TI - Intrahepatic cholestasis after thiabendazole. PMID- 3256118 TI - Thelazia callipaeda (Nematoda: Spirurida): transmission by flies from dogs to children in Hubei, China. PMID- 3256117 TI - Artemisia herba-alba extract for treating Enterobius vermicularis infection. PMID- 3256119 TI - More on anti-HIV antibodies in Brazilian Indians. PMID- 3256120 TI - One year booster vaccination with purified vero cell rabies vaccine. PMID- 3256121 TI - The prevalence of HIV infection in Egypt. PMID- 3256122 TI - Mediterranean spotted fever presenting as oculoglandular syndrome. PMID- 3256123 TI - Morphological identification of Simulium yahense and S. squamosum in the south of Sierra Leone confirmed by enzyme electrophoresis. PMID- 3256124 TI - Reappearance of Anopheles funestus as a malaria vector in the Antananarivo region, Madagascar. PMID- 3256125 TI - The trouble with eaves; house entry by vectors of malaria. PMID- 3256126 TI - How best to treat bed nets with insecticide in the field. PMID- 3256127 TI - Iron deficiency, pregnancy and breast-feeding in the Republic of Niger. AB - Body iron stores in 173 African women were evaluated by serum ferritin radioimmunoassay. The population studied was selected only by its accessibility in Guesheme, Dosso county, and other villages in Niamey and Dosso counties, Republic of niger. Iron fumarate (Fumafer) was systematically administered orally (400 mg/d) for one month. 95 women were revisited at the end of treatment. 22% of revisited women were iron deficient before treatment (serum ferritin less than 12 ng/ml); after one month of treatment only 8% had serum ferritin below the threshold value of 12 ng/ml, in spite of the low doses of iron fumarate administration; and the response to treatment was more significant in multiparous women. These results emphasize the very high prevalence of iron deficiency in the population studied, and demonstrate the need for systematic iron treatment of the multiparous women living in rural areas. The efficacy of low doses of iron fumarate is clear. PMID- 3256128 TI - Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene laboratory meeting. London, 21 April 1988. Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Abstracts. PMID- 3256129 TI - Long-term in vitro maintenance of Leishmania tropica: a correction. PMID- 3256130 TI - Nomenclature of Trypanosoma evansi. PMID- 3256131 TI - Snake bite and snake identification. PMID- 3256132 TI - Numbers of sandflies infected with Leishmania. PMID- 3256133 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus in Egypt. PMID- 3256134 TI - Riboflavin deficiency in late pregnancy: a problem in south Asia too? PMID- 3256135 TI - How epithelia grease their microvilli. PMID- 3256136 TI - Patients and nurses views on objectives and methods in psychiatric care. PMID- 3256137 TI - [Various observations on nursing and nursing diagnosis]. PMID- 3256138 TI - Morphologic effects of experimental distention of equine small intestine. AB - The morphologic effects of induced intraluminal hydrostatic pressures (IHPs) of 0, 9, and 18 cm H2O were evaluated in 33 isolated equine jejunal segments. Fifteen segments were distended with Tyrode's solution for 1 hour and nine segments for 4 hours. Tyrode's solution was added as needed to maintain the prescribed pressures. Nine other segments were left undisturbed for 4 hours after the initial distention period. On decompression of the intestinal segments, progressive peristaltic contractions resumed in all segments. Evaluation of intestinal sections by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed edema of the villi and submucosa and separation of the epithelial cells adjacent to the basement membrane in all segments. The epithelial cell necrosis found in ischemic intestine was not seen. This study indicates that the necrosis found at the villous tips in distended sections of small intestine remote from the site of obstruction cannot be reproduced by IHP increases of 4 hours duration. PMID- 3256140 TI - Craniolateral approach to the canine brachial plexus. AB - A craniolateral approach to the canine brachial plexus that provides good exposure by transection of the omotransversarius and, if necessary, the scalenus muscles is described. The technique facilitated diagnosis of brachial plexus tumors in three dogs and probable brachial plexus neuritis in a fourth dog. PMID- 3256139 TI - Bypass surgery for the treatment of small intestinal ileus in the horse. A report of three cases. AB - The medical management of three horses with simple and strangulating small intestinal obstructions was unsuccessful and was therefore supported by surgical bypasses. Jejunocecostomies were used to treat horses with postoperative paralytic ileus that was unresponsive to medical management. These horses had abdominal pain, gastric distention, heart rate elevations greater than 60/minute, and small intestinal distention on rectal palpation. Two horses experienced weight loss which responded to bypass removal. The bypass effectively decreased the need for intravenous fluid administration and repeated nasogastric intubation. PMID- 3256142 TI - Scientific presentation abstracts. American College of Veterinary Surgeons, 23rd annual meeting. February 1988. PMID- 3256141 TI - Transdiaphragmatic approach to thoracic duct ligation in the cat. AB - An approach combining ventral midline celiotomy with transdiaphragmatic thoracotomy was evaluated in eight healthy cats for ligation of the thoracic duct system. Evans Blue solution was injected into the right colic lymph node to outline the intestinal lymphatic trunk and the thoracic duct system. Three cats (group 1) had mesenteric lymphangiograms and three (group 2) had only lymph node dye injection before thoracic duct ligation. The thoracic duct system was ligated with hemostatic clips just cranial to the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm, through a left transdiaphragmatic thoracotomy. Two cats (group 3) had prethoracotomy mesenteric lymphangiograms and thoracic duct isolation without ligation. Mesenteric lymphangiography was performed immediately after the surgery. In all of the cats, an absence of contrast medium in the thoracic duct system cranial to the surgical site was interpreted as complete obstruction. Four weeks after ligation, there was complete obstruction of the thoracic duct system with alternate lymphaticovenous communications in four of the six cats with ligated thoracic duct systems. Partial obstruction of the thoracic duct system with alternate lymphaticovenous communications was present in the other two cats. Both cats without thoracic duct ligation had patent thoracic duct systems. At necropsy of the six cats with ligated thoracic ducts, there was mild focal lymphadenitis of injected lymph nodes in three cats. The wall of the aorta adjacent to the hemostatic clips was normal in all six cats. The surgical technique was simple and provided excellent exposure. Vital staining with Evans Blue helped visualize the thoracic duct system, but mesenteric lymphangiography did not. Postligation lymphangiography was not of value in identifying incomplete ligation. PMID- 3256144 TI - Peritoneal fluid analysis in ponies after abdominal surgery. AB - Ten student surgery ponies were subjected to exploratory laparotomy. Abdominal paracentesis was performed preoperatively and daily postoperatively for 6 days, then the ponies were euthanatized and necropsied. Initial baseline peritoneal fluid parameters were within established reference limits. Postoperatively, the total leukocyte count and total protein in the peritoneal fluid rose and remained elevated for the 6 days of the study. Complete blood counts (CBCs) were performed preoperatively and on days 1 and 4 postoperatively. On day 1, a stress leukogram with a mild inflammatory component developed, but by day 4, the CBCs were within normal limits. The mean plasma fibrinogen levels, which were determined daily, peaked on day 4. PMID- 3256143 TI - Retrospective assessment of dobutamine therapy for hypotension in anesthetized horses. AB - Dobutamine was infused (1.7 micrograms/kg/minute) into 200 anesthetized horses as treatment for hypotension. The horses had been premedicated with xylazine, and anesthesia was induced with guaifenesin and ketamine and maintained with halothane. One hundred fifty-seven horses (79%) responded with an average increase in systolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg within 10 minutes. A cardiac arrhythmia developed in 56 horses (28%) after dobutamine administration: 34 with sinus bradycardia, 18 with atrioventricular block, 2 with premature atrial contractions, and 2 with atrioventricular dissociation. Dobutamine intravenous infusion was effective treatment for hypotension in horses anesthetized with halothane. PMID- 3256145 TI - Evoked potential estimates of the time course of adaptation and recovery to counterphase gratings. AB - Scalp-recorded evoked potentials (VEP) were sequentially sampled in humans during adaptation to and recovery from prolonged viewing of counterphase sinusoidal grating targets. The sum of the power at the first and second harmonics of the Fourier-transformed VEP components was found to decrease during adaptation and increase during recovery. Time constants (T) for the adaptation and recovery processes as estimated from exponential functions ranged from 2.9 to 19 sec, varying non-monotonically with the spatial frequency and contrast of the stimulus. The observed T values are shorter than those reported in psychophysical studies of adaptation but overlap estimates derived from single cell studies. An unexpected finding was the occurrence of a 3-6 sec delay in the appearance of the maximum VEP response after the onset of the adaptation stimulus. The delay occurred in all subjects and at all spatial frequencies when moderate to high adapting contrasts (e.g. greater than 0.2) were used. The data support a feature selective, multi-channel lateral inhibitory model of spatial vision and suggest the presence of tonic inhibition between the channels. PMID- 3256146 TI - Four photoreceptor types in the ground squirrel retina as evidenced by immunocytochemistry. AB - Previous morphological and electrophysiological data show that the ground squirrel retina consists of one rod and two different cone systems. In the present study, immunological evidence is presented that four different photoreceptor cell types are located in the retina of the European ground squirrel (Citellus citellus). In addition to the green and blue cones two rod like photoreceptor cell types (types 1 and 2) can be distinguished using color specific anti-visual pigment antibodies. PMID- 3256147 TI - Interactions among spatial frequency and orientation channels adapted concurrently. AB - Interactions between size and orientation-specific mechanisms in the human visual system were investigated using a sequential adaptation technique. Subjects adapted to a vertical, 4 c/deg high-contrast (0.7) sinewave grating that was interleaved at a rate of 0.5 Hz with another adapting grating differing either in (1) spatial frequency or (2) orientation. Before and after adaptation contrast thresholds were measured for a vertical 4 c/deg sinewave test grating. The resultant elevation in contrast threshold was plotted as a function of the (1) spatial frequency or (2) orientation differences between the first and second adapting gratings. Maximum threshold elevation was found when both adapting gratings shared the same spatial frequency and orientation. Minimum elevations were found when the second grating's spatial frequency or orientation differed by approx. 1.5 octaves or 45 deg, respectively. Beyond these values threshold elevations reapproached the baseline value measured in a control condition, where the 4.0 c/deg adapting grating was interleaved with a blank. The minimum threshold elevations were 0.2-0.3 log units below the baseline level. The results suggest the existence of inhibitory interactions between neural mechanisms tuned to the size and orientation of retinal images. PMID- 3256148 TI - Apparent motion can be perceived between patterns with dissimilar spatial frequencies. AB - Many recent models of movement processing in the human visual system predict that the perception of apparent motion requires stimuli that are similar in spatial frequency. The data presented here provide an example of the perception of apparent motion between patterns with nonoverlapping harmonic content. When patterns presented in alternate frames are dissimilar, motion can be perceived as long as the velocity is not too high. PMID- 3256149 TI - Anisotropies in global stereoscopic orientation discrimination. AB - Human orientation discrimination of long rectangular targets formed from dynamic random-element stereograms was assessed at four orientations (horizontal, vertical, left, and right oblique) as a function of width, disparity direction and magnitude using a temporal two-alternative, forced-choice paradigm. The results revealed the presence of an oblique effect in cyclopean orientation discrimination. In addition, observers discriminated targets with crossed disparity better than targets with uncrossed disparity, and had lower discrimination thresholds when the targets were oriented horizontally than vertically. These results demonstrate the existence of the oblique effect in the hypercyclopean domain comparable in magnitude to that present in the luminance domain. PMID- 3256150 TI - Human velocity and direction discrimination measured with random dot patterns. AB - In the present experiments three different motion discrimination tasks were studied using a random dot pattern as stimulus: velocity discrimination, direction discrimination and discrimination of opposite directions. The analysis of the motion of random dot patterns is based on motion sensitive mechanisms without the confounding interference of position sensitive mechanisms (Nakayama and Tyler, 1981). Furthermore, since isotropic random dot patterns contain no dominant orientation, a change in the direction of motion does not parallel a change in orientation. Hence the use of a random dot pattern as stimulus allows velocity and direction discrimination to be compared. Human velocity discrimination displays a U-shaped dependence on the stimulus velocity: the JNDs, expressed as Weber-fractions, are minimal for velocities ranging from 4 to 64 deg.sec-1. The Weber-fractions in velocity, determined with a staircase procedure tracking a 84% correct response level, were about 7% at the optimal speeds. The velocity discrimination curve obtained with the random dot pattern is similar to that obtained with light bars. Human direction discrimination, defined as the smallest difference in direction which can be resolved, also displays a U-shaped dependence on the stimulus velocity. Direction discrimination thresholds decrease up to a velocity of 4 deg.sec-1, they then stay at a constant level up to 128 deg.sec-1. Beyond this velocity the thresholds increase again. The mean direction discrimination threshold was 1.8 deg at optimal speeds. Discrimination of opposite directions, determined for the same conditions as those for which velocity and direction discrimination thresholds were determined, was better than the 90% response level at all speeds. However at low contrast, opposite directions are reliably discriminated only at intermediate speeds. Perceiving a coherent moving random dot pattern is supposed to be based on a cooperation between a large number of local motion detectors. In order to evaluate the importance of detector output pooling, the influence of the size of the pattern and of the presentation time on the three discrimination tasks was measured. The results indicate that the pooling requirements are task dependent. A somewhat larger pooling is required for velocity discrimination than for direction discrimination, whereas for discrimination of opposite directions only a few local motion detectors are involved. PMID- 3256151 TI - The effects of sustained vertical gaze deviation on the resting state of the vergence system. AB - Vergence of the eyes in the dark depends on the vertical direction of gaze. In three experiments this phenomenon was studied using eye inclinations and head tilts of 5 min duration during which monocular or binocular near and distant stimuli were inspected. The effects of eye inclination and head tilt on dark vergence were temporally stable; they exhibited even a tendency to increase with the passage of time. On return to horizontal gaze, positive aftereffects were found, that is dark vergence was biased towards its value with a vertically deviated gaze. The effect of vertical gaze direction turned out to be additive to the effect of binocular near fixation. These findings represent evidence against the hypothesis that the effect of vertical gaze direction on dark vergence is mediated by a feedforward signal that is related to voluntary effort in raising or depressing the eyes. PMID- 3256152 TI - Color perception under chromatic adaptation: red/green equilibria with adapted short-wavelength-sensitive cones. AB - Chromatic adaptation can dramatically alter the color appearance of a light. The specific effect of adapting short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) cones is examined by using two adapting wavelengths that lie on a tritanopic confusion line. The change in color appearance caused by signals from adapted SWS cones is isolated by restricting the wavelengths of the test light to 550 nm or longer. Thus the test negligibly stimulates SWS cones, so their sensitivity does not affect the test's appearance. The results show that adapted SWS cones contribute redness to the appearance of a superimposed test light, while not affecting sensitivity of MWS and LWS cones. Quantitatively, the redness from SWS cones illuminated by a large adapting field approaches physical admixture of test and adapting lights. This is very different from an adapting field that stimulates only MWS and LWS cones which, due to a postreceptoral process, contributes much less redness to a small superimposed test than expected from admixture. The difference between the adapted SWS-cone and the adapted MWS/LWS-cone contributions to the color of a small test explains a surprising result: a bluish-green (491 nm) adapting field contributes redness to a superimposed test light. PMID- 3256153 TI - Infant grating acuity is temporally tuned. AB - Studies of infant visual development have shown that acuity estimated with pattern visually evoked potential (VEP) techniques is higher than acuity estimated with preferential looking (PL) techniques. A major difference is that VEP stimuli are temporally modulated while PL stimuli are typically stationary. We measured PL acuity in 2-10-month-old infants for stationary gratings and for gratings phase alternating at 2.5, 7.5, 14 and 23 reversals/sec using a computer generated staircase method. The acuity functions were temporally tuned at 7.5 or 14 rev/sec for infants 3 months and older. Acuity for 7.5 and 14 rev/sec gratings was 0.5 to 1.0 octave higher than for stationary, 2.5 and 23 rev/sec gratings. When adults' grating acuity was measured foveally and 5 deg eccentrically, tuning occurred only for the eccentric targets, suggesting that the retinal area used by the infants to detect gratings acts like the adult perifovea. In a second experiment, VEP and PL acuity were both measured from the same infants using 14 reversals/sec gratings. The VEP/PL acuity difference was less for phase alternating gratings than for stationary gratings. The magnitude of the difference was age dependent, decreasing from 2 octaves at 2 months to 0.5 octave at 12 months. Even though the use of phase alternating gratings results in improved PL acuity, temporal modulation does not completely account for the difference between VEP and PL acuity. PMID- 3256154 TI - Illusory contours induced by isoluminant chromatic patterns. AB - An illusory-contour was induced by abutting colored gratings embedded in the white field under isoluminance condition. The present study specified the stimulus conditions that invoked the just-perceptible illusory contours for the isoluminant chromatic patterns. The results showed that the purity difference between the colored lines and the white field required for the illusory-contour perception gave a function closely resembling in shape the function obtained for saturation discrimination. Increasing the width of lines reduced threshold for the perception of illusory contours, while the line spacing had no significant effect. The dependence of the illusory-contour perception upon saturation could be accounted for by considering the extraction of the edge and colour information by means of the opponent-color processes observed for the cells in the retina and LGN. On the other hand, the effects of the spatial parameters met the response properties observed for the cells in the visual cortex. It is suggested that the perception of illusory contour may result from hierarchical organization from the retina to cortex in the visual system. PMID- 3256155 TI - Categorical color perception: influence of cultural factors on the differentiation of primary and derived basic color terms in color naming by Japanese children. AB - Color naming tests with Japanese children (age 12-15) in Yonezawa, Tokyo and Dusseldorf (Germany) demonstrate that the primary basic color terms based on Hering's opponent color scheme are not influenced by the increasing Western cultural influence from Yonezawa to Tokyo and to Dusseldorf. The derived color terms for brown, orange and pink hues do appear to be influenced, however. The results support and extend the findings of Uchikawa and Boynton (1987). They verify the hypothesis that the psycholinguistics of color naming are based on a universal neurobiology of human color vision. PMID- 3256156 TI - [The 60th anniversary of "Wiadomosci lekarskie"]. PMID- 3256157 TI - [Effect of the thymus factor (TFX Polfa) on the clinical status of patients on long-term treatment with corticosteroids]. PMID- 3256158 TI - [Occurrence of intestinal parasites among hospitalized patients and inhabitants of the State Home for Small Children as the source of cross infections]. PMID- 3256160 TI - [Contraception and reproduction in women with changes of the cervix uteri and suspicious results of cytologic and colposcopic examination]. PMID- 3256159 TI - [Effect of combined treatment of patients with cancer of the lip with metastases to lymph nodes]. PMID- 3256161 TI - [A foreign body in the bronchus as a cause of protracted pneumonia]. PMID- 3256162 TI - [Treatment of recurrent skin abscesses with TFX]. PMID- 3256163 TI - [Bleeding from the upper segment of the digestive tract as a complication of external biliary drainage]. PMID- 3256164 TI - [Retroperitoneal rupture of the duodenum]. PMID- 3256165 TI - [Primary stenosing cholangitis]. PMID- 3256166 TI - [Myeloid metaplasia in a 2-year-old girl with fully developed McCune-Albright syndrome]. PMID- 3256167 TI - [Various determinants of arrhythmia]. PMID- 3256168 TI - [Is supportive treatment with an anti-anaerobic drug helpful in the management of patients with gangrenous root canals?]. PMID- 3256169 TI - [Abrasiveness of tooth pastes]. PMID- 3256170 TI - [Recipient site for epitheses--what the surgeon can do]. PMID- 3256171 TI - [Etiology of granulomatous oral and maxillofacial lesions]. PMID- 3256172 TI - [Dimensional accuracy of some new die materials--comparative evaluation]. PMID- 3256173 TI - [The mandibular condyles in the Runstrom IV radiograph--their relationship to the hinge axis and the significance of the condylar axis in transcranial TMJ radiography]. PMID- 3256174 TI - [Dental condition of 3,600 styrian apprentices]. PMID- 3256175 TI - [Follow-up of odontogenic cysts]. PMID- 3256176 TI - [Bacterial and management of orofacial abscesses--penicillin versus clindamycin]. PMID- 3256177 TI - Levels of zinc, cadmium and lead in some marine algae from Aqaba-Red Sea. AB - Jordan has witnessed a rapid industrial development in the last twenty years. This has lead to the release of waste materials or pollutants into the marine environment, particularly nearby Aqaba Port. The present study investigates the levels of zinc, cadmium and lead in four brown algae, three red algae and four green algal species collected from Aqaba. Three different levels of lead and zinc concentrations were found: the highest level of both metals is exhibited among brown algae; intermediate level is exhibited among red algae and the lowest level is seen among the green algae. Very low concentrations of cadmium were found in all examined algal species. The results indicate that the brown algal species Cystosira myrica, Sargassum asperifolium, Sargassum neglectum, and Sargassum subrepandum always contain the highest concentrations of lead and zinc, but these algae are less contaminated than brown algae from industrial European seas. PMID- 3256178 TI - Food deprivation affects reproduction in adult female mice (Mus musculus) and the age of puberty for their female progeny. AB - Three experiments were designed to test the effects of food deprivation during various phases of the reproductive cycle on fertility and fecundity of the dams and on the age of sexual maturation and body growth of their female progeny. Food deprivation consisted of removal of all food every other day. Animals were deprived of food either during the period prior to pairing, during the period between pairing and conception or during gestation. Both fertility and fecundity were affected by food deprivation in some, but not all manipulations. The female progeny of food-deprived females reached puberty significantly later than the progeny of non-deprived dams when the food deprivation occurred during the week prior to pairing and up until successful insemination after pairing with a fertile male, but not when food deprivation occurred at other times during the reproductive cycle. Body growth did not differ in the daughters of food-deprived dams across the treatments for any of the experiments. PMID- 3256179 TI - Structural and hormonal changes during follicular maturation in the ovary of the domestic goose. AB - Follicle maturation in the ovary of sexually mature domestic geese in the spring reproductive cycle was investigated by histological methods and steroid-RIA. The single-layer granulosa of primary follicles temporarily transformed in the growing white follicles into several layers or a simple membrana granulosa with nuclei at several different levels in the cell. In the yolky follicles the granulosa represents a cuboidal epithelium (F4-F3) and subsequently a high cylindrical epithelium (F1). The originally connective tissue-like cells of the theca interna show a glandular proliferation in the largest white (F7) and the small yolky follicles (F6-F5). Glandular cell nests in the theca externa are typical in the generation of small white follicles and are absent in the wall of yolky follicles. Progesterone-content in the follicular wall (granulosa + theca) is the highest in the F1-F2 and F6-F5 types and is low in small white follicles (F8, F9 and F10). E2 concentration shows only slight variations between F1-F10. TEST content shows a slight increase between F1 and F3 and is high in medium sized white follicles (F8-F9). The results suggest that in addition to the granulosa, the theca interna is also capable of an intensive progesterone synthesis. PMID- 3256180 TI - Experimental alcohol blastopathy. AB - Experimental data are presented with respect to "experimental alcohol blastopathy" performed in our laboratory. As in our interpretation the notion of blastopathy involves both pathological changes during preimplantation development due to previous, preconceptional or preimplantation influences and later, pre- or postnatal effects induced by factors active during the preimplantation period, up to now the following experimental models were applied (on rats and mice): chronic and acute maternal, biparental or paternal ethanol alcoholization; preimplantation treatment with acetaldehyde or disulfiram followed by ethanol administration; acute ethanol intoxication before implantation on the background of chronic maternal ethanol intake; chronic maternal intake of various beverages. The main components of experimental alcohol blastopathy detected (by using a complex control methodology) were: pathological changes during the preimplantation developmental stages (lower mean number of embryos/animal, retardation of development, lowered migration rate of the embryos from the oviduct to the uterus, higher number of pathological morphological features), delayed implantation, disturbances of the early postimplantation development, retarded late foetal and placental growth. The effect of ethanol may be direct (ethanol being detectable in the oviductal and uterine fluid after both acute and chronic alcoholization) or indirect, via changes of the maternal macro- or microenvironment. The increase of the maternal blood acetaldehyde level may contribute to the appearance of alcohol blastopathy. Chronic beer and wine intake and acute intoxication with cognac suggest - up to now - the enhancing effect of beverage congeners. The noxious effect of acute ethanol intoxication superposed to chronic alcoholization is more marked that the separate effect of the two kinds of treatment. The chronic ethanol intake of fertilizing males (in mice) leads, both in the case of treated or untreated females, to lowered fertilization efficiency, to retardation of development (not occurring in the experimental model with chronic alcoholization of females) and to an enhanced increase of the number of pathological features. The cytogenetic control of preimplantation embryos (after chronic, acute or combined treatment with ethanol) does not reveal significant chromosomal changes. A possible alcohol blastopathy in humans must be taken into account (i.e. a noxious effect during the very early period of pregnancy when it is ignored). PMID- 3256181 TI - A simple preparatory method for scanning electron microscopy of the mouthparts of muscoid flies (diptera). AB - A Scanning electron microscopic preparation method is described, especially for muscoid flies also useful for the preparation of other chitinous structures of insects. Carbon-tetrachloride was used to maintain the proper positions of the proboscis and the labella rendering a better view of the fine structures. Specimens were cleaned by a bioactive washing powder, then air-dried prior to fixing them on stubs by a reliable home-made adhesive. PMID- 3256182 TI - Seasonal variation of ammonia-quotient in an Indian air-breathing freshwater teleost, Channa punctatus. AB - The ammonia-quotient, calculated from the data on the levels of ammonia excreted and oxygen consumed from the water, is a potent tool for understanding the utilization of macromolecules as metabolic fuel. The fish, Channa punctatus, utilizes more protein in the summer and spawning months for getting its metabolic energy but in the winter and post-spawning months it also utilizes other substrates like lipid and carbohydrate for its metabolic energy. PMID- 3256184 TI - [Inhibitory effect of clonidine on gastrointestinal motility]. PMID- 3256183 TI - [The biochemical and pharmacological effects of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) on rat liver cells]. PMID- 3256185 TI - [Identification of glucosides and galactosides as N-butaneboronate derivatives by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry]. PMID- 3256186 TI - [Isolation and identification of pingpeimine B]. PMID- 3256187 TI - [Studies on the determination of alkaloids in Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn]. PMID- 3256188 TI - [Determination of toldrin under the interference of lactose by linear combination method of absorbances]. PMID- 3256189 TI - [Studies on a new acid dye-tetraiodophenol sulfonphthalein for the determination of amine drugs]. PMID- 3256190 TI - [The application of Pirkle-type chiral column to the resolution of enantiomeric drugs: resolution of some amines and alcohols using alpha-naphthyl isocyanate]. PMID- 3256191 TI - [Determination of (+)- and (-)-gossypol in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography with pre-column chemical derivatization]. PMID- 3256193 TI - [Optimization of HPLC conditions for 15 naturally occurring protoberberine type quaternary alkaloids]. PMID- 3256192 TI - [Simultaneous quantitative determination of calcium gluconate and its impurities (Cl-, SO4(2-] by ion chromatography]. PMID- 3256194 TI - [Studies on the original plants of the traditional drug haifengteng: comparative studies between piper hancei Maxim. var hancei Maxim. and piper hancei Maxim. var. squamiglanduferum Fan]. PMID- 3256195 TI - [Effects of combination of diphenylhydantoin and prostaglandin E2 on ouabain induced arrhythmias]. PMID- 3256196 TI - [Scanning electron-microscopical observation of natural and cultured ox gallstones]. PMID- 3256197 TI - [Effects of tetrandrine on the slow inward currents in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers]. PMID- 3256198 TI - [Inhibition of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes by hexachloro-p-xylene in guinea pigs]. PMID- 3256199 TI - [The protective effect of 3-butyl phthalide on rat brain cells]. PMID- 3256200 TI - [Studies on aminothiazo peniciliate derivatives]. PMID- 3256201 TI - [Studies on the isolation and structures of baohuoside-II, III, IV and V]. PMID- 3256202 TI - [A structural study of the inclusion compound of piroxicam with beta-cyclodextrin by NMR]. PMID- 3256203 TI - [Commonly used local anaesthetic-sensitive field effect transistor: its development and applications]. PMID- 3256204 TI - [A further investigation of the linear combination method of absorbances]. PMID- 3256205 TI - [Analysis of danazol and its metabolites in serum by RP-HPLC with maxplot UV detector]. PMID- 3256206 TI - [Study of the relationship between structure and anticonvulsant activities of 1 substituted 3-pyrazolidinones]. PMID- 3256207 TI - [Studies on chemical components of Viscum coloratum: IV. Structure of viscumneoside IV]. PMID- 3256208 TI - [Simultaneous determination of multicomponent of Annaka injection using kalmanfiltering spectrophotometry]. PMID- 3256210 TI - [Improvement of impaired memory in mice by huperzine A and huperzine B]. PMID- 3256209 TI - [Site of analgesic action of aconitine and the relation between its action and the central noradrenergic system]. PMID- 3256211 TI - Effects of [D-Ala2-O-benzyl-Ser5]-enkephalin on CA1 field potentials in rat hippocampal slices. PMID- 3256213 TI - [Antitumor activity of trewiasine in vitro and in vivo]. PMID- 3256212 TI - [Antagonism of CaCl2 injected into periaqueductal gray on the inhibitory action of morphine on pain-evoked discharges of parafascicular nucleus in rats]. PMID- 3256214 TI - [Contents of endogenous phencyclidine-like substances in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 3256215 TI - [Specific lesion in habenular nucleus induced by the intraventricular injection of monosodium glutamate in mice]. PMID- 3256216 TI - [Characteristics of soman diffusion in tissues studied by sticking of pig bristles]. PMID- 3256217 TI - [Effects of resibufogenin on monophasic action potential and contractile force of rabbit heart in situ]. PMID- 3256218 TI - [Prophylactic effects of m-nisoldipine and nisoldipine on reperfusion arrhythmia in hearts of rats]. PMID- 3256219 TI - [Effects of methylhesperidin on coronary, renal and cerebral circulation in dogs]. PMID- 3256220 TI - [Effects of sophoramine on ventricular fibrillation threshold and dispersion of refractoriness in cats]. PMID- 3256221 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic observation of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus damaged by praziquantel and albendazole]. PMID- 3256222 TI - [Effects of homoharringtonine on several oncogene mRNAs in HL-60 cells]. PMID- 3256224 TI - [Myocardial infarction and its limitations--hopes and dilemmas]. PMID- 3256223 TI - Metabolism and homeostasis of zinc and copper. PMID- 3256225 TI - Inhibited repair of DNA synthesis in UV-irradiated cultured fibroblasts of a boy with Cockayne's syndrome. PMID- 3256226 TI - Serum lipid peroxide level and blood superoxide dismutase activity in rats with hydralazine-induced collagenosis-like syndrome. PMID- 3256227 TI - Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. VI. Clinical and pathological changes after intravenous inoculation of the organism. PMID- 3256228 TI - Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. VII. Clinical, pathological, serological and hematological changes after subcutaneous inoculation of the organism. PMID- 3256229 TI - Efficacy of an inactivated porcine parvovirus (PPV) vaccine under field conditions. PMID- 3256230 TI - Intradermal challenge of Icelandic horses in Norway and Iceland with extracts of Culicoides spp. PMID- 3256231 TI - Studies on the progression of Aleutian disease in mink. PMID- 3256232 TI - Mycoplasma capricolum in an outbreak of polyarthritis and pneumonia in goats. PMID- 3256233 TI - Levels of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PFG2 alpha, progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta after induced ovulations in llamas and alpacas. PMID- 3256234 TI - Postpartum reproductive performance in dairy cows in relation to phosphorus status. PMID- 3256235 TI - Factors related to dairy herds with a high and low incidence of ketosis. PMID- 3256236 TI - Assessment of the post partum reproductive performance of the Icelandic dairy cow during a 3 year period. PMID- 3256237 TI - The relationship between blood and fertility parameters in post partum dairy cows. PMID- 3256238 TI - Susceptibility to pregnancy disease in ewes and its relation to gestational diabetes. PMID- 3256239 TI - Adrenocortical suppression by a glucocorticoid: effect of a single i.m. injection of betamethasone depot versus placebo given prior to orthopaedic surgery in dogs. PMID- 3256240 TI - Variations in measures of udder health within a short period of time. I. The dynamic characteristics in diagnostics of subclinical mastitis based on cytological and bacteriological parameters. PMID- 3256242 TI - Prevalence of campylobacteria in the Finnish broiler chicken chain from the producer to the consumer. PMID- 3256241 TI - Selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood, plasma and reproductive organs in dairy cows. PMID- 3256243 TI - The occurrence of thermophilic Campylobacter in mink and an experimental oral infection of pregnant mink by Campylobacter jejuni. PMID- 3256244 TI - Differential cell counting in fraction-collected milk from dairy cows. PMID- 3256245 TI - Phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine fail to show beneficial effects on bovine subclinical mastitis. PMID- 3256247 TI - Scrapie in sheep in Sweden. PMID- 3256246 TI - The effect of oxytetracycline on leukocyte migration into inflammatory exudate. PMID- 3256248 TI - An attempt to evaluate the spreading of Taenia saginata eggs in the environment. PMID- 3256249 TI - Effects of treatment of cattle with some anthelmintics on the subsequent degradation of their dung. PMID- 3256250 TI - Studies of defence mechanisms and inflammatory reactions in the bovine teat using a new experimental method. PMID- 3256251 TI - [Ambulatory health services and active consultation in primary health care from the viewpoint of evaluating its functioning and development]. PMID- 3256252 TI - [Selected problems of etiopathogenesis of femur head necrosis in adults in the light of clinical and biochemical studies]. PMID- 3256253 TI - [Remote results of the surgical treatment of non-toxic goiter]. PMID- 3256254 TI - [Experimental transplantation of allogeneic spleen tissue]. PMID- 3256255 TI - [Evaluation of blood and lymphatic vascularization in post-traumatic edema of the legs]. PMID- 3256256 TI - [Evaluation of the relation between blood volume and venous pressure and the method of hemodilution during extracorporeal circulation in experimental studies]. PMID- 3256257 TI - [Peripheral biogenic monoamines and the hormonal profile in women with hypertension in the perimenopausal period]. PMID- 3256258 TI - [The course of spontaneous reparative processes of the cat bones, meninges and brain in the immediate vicinity of experimental injuries of the base of the anterior cranial fossa]. PMID- 3256260 TI - [Criteria for selecting candidates for medical studies with special reference to chemistry]. PMID- 3256259 TI - [Evaluation of exposure of forest animals to industrial emissions based on changes in mineral composition of the masticatory system of deer from the regions of Western Pomerania]. PMID- 3256261 TI - [Effect of local use of fluorine preparations on selected parameters of the masticatory system of schoolchildren under conditions of optimal and trace levels of this element in tap water]. PMID- 3256262 TI - [Intestinal absorption of glucose in anesthetized rats. I. Standardization of a method for screening of oral hypoglycemic agents]. AB - This paper presents a method for the screening of natural hypoglycaemic drugs that interfere with the intestinal absorption of glucose. Luminal perfusion of the small intestine (whole length) was carried out on 24 h fasted adult Wistar rats, anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Two rubber Nelaton cannulae were introduced into the organ, the first at the proximal end of the duodenum, just after the pylorus and a second larger one near the ileo-cecal valve. After a preliminary washing with warm physiological saline to remove any alimentary residues and secretions, warm saline containing glucose (plain or with added putative absorption inhibitors), was then introduced into the gut. Ten minutes later the contents was expelled with air and the preparation fully washed with plain warm saline. All perfusates were separately collected up to volume in graduated flasks kept in chipped ice. The glucose concentration was measured in triplicate samples by the specific glucose-oxidase method. The intestinal absorption of the sugar was calculated by difference from the glucose concentration found in the initial solution and in the final perfusate. The method is reliable and highly reproducible. PMID- 3256263 TI - [Interactions of drugs with blood components and proteins]. PMID- 3256264 TI - [Determination of hydrophobic constants of 1H, 3H-quinazolinediones-2,4]. PMID- 3256265 TI - [Preliminary study of the anti-inflammatory action of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter]. PMID- 3256266 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative control of amiodarone tablets by direct reflectometry of the near infrared rays]. PMID- 3256267 TI - [Effects of glyoxylate on the preservation parameters of red cells]. PMID- 3256268 TI - [19th annual meeting of the Sociedad de Genetica de Chile. Santiago, Chile, 2-3 October 1986. Abstracts]. PMID- 3256269 TI - [Sociedad Chilena de Ciencias Fisiologicas. Balneario el Retiro (Quilpue), 29-30 April 1988. 3d annual meeting. Abstracts]. PMID- 3256270 TI - [Sociedad de Farmacologia de Chile. 10th annual meeting. 5-6 August 1988, La Dehesa, Santiago. Abstracts]. PMID- 3256271 TI - [21st annual meeting of Sociedad de Genetica de Chile. 25-27 August 1988, Chillan, Chile. Abstracts]. PMID- 3256272 TI - [Seccion de Biologia Celular, Sociedad de Biologia de Chile. 2d annual meeting. 25-27 August 1988, Termas de Panimavida. Abstracts]. PMID- 3256273 TI - Remodeling of chromatin during male pronucleus formation in the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger. AB - After fertilization the cone shaped sperm nucleus is transformed into a spheroidal male pronucleus which fuses with the female pronucleus reestablishing the diploid genome. These morphological changes are correlated with biochemical transitions of sperm-specific chromosomal proteins. To obtain information on the rearrangements of chromosomal proteins after fertilization, we have followed sperm-specific nonhistones (Sp NHCP) and the sperm-specific histones (SpH) in zygotes harvested at different times post-insemination (p.i.). The acquisition of proteins synthesized de novo was determined during the time of male pronucleus formation, estimated to occur until 30 min p.i. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1. The fate of Sp NHCP, followed by Western blot analysis with polyclonal antibodies obtained in rabbits against the whole complement of Sp NHCP, indicates that the majority of Sp NHCP are lost shortly p.i., except two proteins of 58 Kd and 61 Kd that were not distinguishable from eggs NHCP because a crossreaction was obtained. Acidic proteins synthesized de novo were bound to chromatin between 3 and 30 min p.i., and the majority of these proteins comigrated with egg NHCP in SDS/PAGE. 2. The histones from sperm differ from their counterparts found in unfertilized eggs, both in their amino acid composition and their microheterogeneity in bidimensional gels. Sperm contain the five major SpH whereas eggs have seven major histone variants, distinct from each other, with an electrophoretic behaviour consistent with histones but a different amino acid composition. The total complement of histone variants found in zygotes collected at amphimixis is identical with that found in unfertilized eggs, suggesting that SpH should be lost before that time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3256274 TI - Expression of size-selected messenger RNA encoding the brain and adrenal gland angiotensin-II receptor in Xenopus laevis oocytes. AB - The expression of the rat angiotensin-II receptor has been studied in Xenopus oocytes. Poly(A)+ RNA isolated from the brain and adrenal gland was injected into oocytes, and the expression of the receptor in the oocyte plasma membrane was assayed by measuring the change in membrane potential in the presence of angiotensin-II. Expression of the angiotensin-II receptor was detected 1.0-1.5 days after messenger RNA (mRNA) injection, and the degree of membrane depolarization was proportional to the amount of mRNA injected. Ca+2 channel blockers inhibited the angiotensin-II-induced depolarization. The total mRNA was fractionated by preparative agarose gel electrophoresis and each fraction was assayed for its ability to induce angiotensin-II depolarization. The mRNA encoding the angiotensin-II receptor was found in a single fraction of 4.4 kilobases. PMID- 3256275 TI - Generation of myc/fos transfectant Balb-3T3 cell lines. AB - Early and transient expression of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc is involved in the mitogenic response to PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor). We used DNA mediated transfection to approach the role played by these genes in cell growth control by PDGF and in growth deregulation (neoplasia). Cloned pFBJ-2 (v-fos) and glucocorticoid-inducible mouse c-myc were co-transfected with a neo genetic marker to allow a neutral selection on the basis of resistance to the neomycin derivative geneticin G418. pFBJ-2 transfection was found to interfere with the number of G418-resistant (G418r) colonies. By using a v-fos-deleted pFBJ-2 construct, the deleterious effect was attributed to v-fos coding sequences. Cellular fos gene disruption, by homologous recombination with exogenous v-fos, is proposed as the basis for the deleterious effect. Co-transfection with MMTV-H3 c-myc effectively counteracts the negative effects of v-fos. Different from the parental line or single myc or fos transfectants, double myc/fos transfectants are morphologically transformed. Double transfectants still retain the PDGF requirement for growth in monolayer cultures. PMID- 3256276 TI - Epidemiological studies on American leishmaniasis in Ceara State, Brazil. Molecular characterization of the Leishmania isolates. AB - Two methods of molecular characterization, using monoclonal antibodies and enzyme electrophoresis, were employed in the identification of 36 stocks of Leishmania isolated from human and canine cases of American visceral (AVL) and cutaneous (ACL) leishmaniases in the northern part of Ceara State, Brazil. Molecular homogeneous strains of Leishmania donovani (chagasi) isolated from both human and canine hosts were detected in 14 municipalities. Two more parasite species, L. braziliensis braziliensis and L. mexicana amazonensis, were also detected in the state. The implication of these results with respect to both the clinical and epidemiological data are discussed. PMID- 3256277 TI - Schistosomiasis in Kano State, Nigeria. I. Human infections near dam sites and the distribution and habitat preferences of potential snail intermediate hosts. AB - Stool and urine samples from 813 schoolchildren and adults from the Tomas and Rimin Gado dam areas of Kano State, Nigeria, showed Schistosoma haematobium to be present at both localities with prevalences of 26.6 and 36.8%, respectively. No cases of S. mansoni were found. The prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium was low and similar in both study areas. Statistical analysis revealed a correlation between prevalence and location, but no evident association with professed patterns of water contact. Investigation of 165 freshwater habitats throughout the state revealed the presence of a number of potential snail intermediate host species, namely Bulinus senegalensis, B. forskali, B. globosus, B. rohlfsi and Biomphalaria pfeifferi. The most widespread species was Bulinus senegalensis, which inhabited shallow pools and excavations on a variety of substrata. Its habitats were typically devoid of aquatic vegetation and included those with highly turbid waters and conductivities as low as 11 microseconds. Bulinus forskali was by contrast relatively rare, occurring in more permanent water courses, although it was often found in mixed populations with B. senegalensis. Bulinus globosus also occurred in seasonally rainfilled pools, but was confined to areas south of the 12 degrees N parallel, and its habitats tended to have a well-developed aquatic flora and clear water. The dominant species in man-made lakes was B. rohlfsi, which occurred in both the Tomas and Rimin Gado reservoirs. Biomphalaria pfeifferi was also primarily lake dwelling, although all species save B. senegalensis were found in irrigation canals. PMID- 3256278 TI - The vectoral role of several blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in relation to human onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and Upper Orinoco regions of Venezuela. AB - Experimental and natural infections with Onchocerca volvulus were studied in several anthropophilic blackfly species present in the endemic area of the Upper Orinoco region of Venezuela. When fed on four different Yanomami volunteers in the Sierra Parima, the total infection rate was 31.4% for Simulium guianense in comparison with 7.5% for S. limbatum. The proportion of ingested microfilariae that entered the thorax during the first 24 hours and completed development to the infective stage was also much lower in the latter than in the former species. There was no larval development of O. volvulus in S. antillarum, but one female harboured in its head six infective larvae of a zoonotic filaria. When S. oyapokense s.l. was fed on an infected volunteer in the Upper Orinoco most flies ingested few microfilariae, and further development reached only the L1 stage. Natural infection and infectivity rates for S. guianense in two localities of the Sierra Parima were 0.2-4.0% and 1.3-10.2%, respectively, more than 50% of the L3 larvae being in the head. The corresponding data for S. oyapockense s.l. in the Upper Orinoco were 0.1-0.5%, although the only L3 larva found did not correspond to O. volvulus. It is suggested that S. guianense is the main vector of onchocerciasis in the Sierra Parima and that S. limbatum could play a secondary role. Simulium oyapockense s.l. replaces them in the Upper Orinoco and may maintain a degree of transmission, but its epidemiological importance remains to be assessed. PMID- 3256279 TI - The peritrophic membrane of the female sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi. AB - The ultrastructure of the peritrophic membrane of the female sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi has been studied at various times after blood meals. The membrane begins to form within four hours of the blood meal with the secretion by the entire midgut epithelium of an electron-dense amorphous material. Subsequently, the membrane is stabilized and strengthened by the production of a layer of irregular chitinous microfibres, the whole membrane then forming a complete and resilient sac apparently unaffected by boiling 9 M potassium hydroxide. The membrane appears redundant 48 hours after the blood meal and fragments, possibly as a result of chitinase activity. The membrane's main functions are probably the prevention of clogging of the microvillous brush border by the blood meal and the confinement of large proteins, particularly serum trypsin inhibitors, to the endoperitrophic space while allowing sandfly proteases access to the blood meal periphery. Blood is not required to stimulate membrane production. Saline taken by blood feeding into the midgut also stimulates membrane formation. Phlebotomus papatasi females may lack an efficient anticoagulant, at least in the midgut, as blood meals frequently include fibrin clots. PMID- 3256280 TI - Myositis in mice with congenital toxoplasmosis. PMID- 3256281 TI - Results of a questionnaire on offal disposal issued in Libya in relation to possible sources of hydatid diseases in man. PMID- 3256282 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of oleanolic acid and saponins from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd, Kancolla variety)]. AB - Saponins were extracted from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd, Kancolla variety) by refluxing with a methanol-water (4:1) mixture. Once the methanol was evaporated, the remaining residue was treated following Honerlagen and Tretter's method with only slight modifications. The extract was then hydrolyzed with 12N sulfuric acid in a 1:1 dioxane-water system at 110 degrees C for 1.5 hr. The sapogenins were extracted with chloroform, concentrated and some microliters (equivalent to 121 mg of quinoa) were spotted, against an oleanolic acid standard, on a silicagel g plate and developed with a chloroform-acetone-benzene (80:20:10; v/v) mixture. The spots were located by iodine vapor, and the band whose Rf was similar to that of the oleanolic acid, was scraped into a glass column, eluted with chloroform, dried out, dissolved in 1 ml of glacial acetic acid, treated with 4 ml of (1:1; v/v) sulfuric acid:glacial acetic acid mixture, heated in a water bath at 60 degrees C for 25 minutes, cooled and taken to the spectrophotometer where it was read at a wave length of 527 nm against a reagent blank. Under the same conditions, the oleanolic acid employed as a standard showed a linearity in the range of 60 to 480 micrograms. The oleanolic acid percentage has been determined (0.269 +/- 0.025) in quinoa, and the content of saponins estimated using a conversion factor found by gas chromatography and expressed in the following relationship: % Saponin = (8.5204) x (% oleanolic acid) The sapogenin extract obtained - analyzed by this method - showed an error of 10.7% in relation to its gas chromatography determination. PMID- 3256283 TI - [Physico-chemical evaluation of products extruded with sorghum-corn-soybean blends]. AB - Yellow corn grits (M), brown sorghum (SM), white sorghum (SB) and full fat soy flour (S) blends were extruded in an autogenous Brady Crop Cooker extruder at 195 200 degrees C and 11% moisture content. Binary blends (70:30) made up of M:S, SM:S and SB:S; and ternary blends (30:40:30) made up of SM:M:S and SB:M:S were extruded. Under these conditions, extrudates contained about 19% protein and 6% fat, which are within the specifications given for cereal/oil seed blends. Raw and extruded samples were analyzed for ES, WQI, WSI, MD and paste viscosity. All blends underwent modifications in the starch fraction at granular and molecular level. Brown sorghum extrudates presented higher degradation than those of white sorghum and corn:soy blends, although the last ones gave similar responses to analitical techniques. Extrudates greatly increased their ES, SWI and MD values, suggesting that degradation products, like dextrins, were present. Cooked paste low viscosities (50 degrees C) and micrographs support these findings. Because of their functional characteristics, extrudates could be used in beverages. PMID- 3256284 TI - [Obtention and evaluation of a precooked flour of auyama (Cucurbita maxima) and rice, enriched with oleaginous proteins and/or skim milk]. AB - The purpose of the present study was the production of a precooked blend made of pumpkin squash and rice flour (PRB), processed with drum dyer. The blend was supplemented with different protein sources: soy, sesame and deffated milk. The following formulations were obtained: I) PRB + 10.5% deffated soy flour; II) PRB + 15% deffated milk; III) PRB + 5% deffated sesame flour + 10% deffated milk; IV) PRB + 5% deffated soy flour + 10% deffated sesame flour, and V) PRB + 9.5% deffated soy flour + 9.5% deffated milk. All formulations were submitted to physico-chemical, nutritional and sensorial evaluation. The protein content of the formulations varied from 14.6% to 17.9%. Rat assays gave satisfactory net protein ratio values. Soups prepared with the formulations were qualified as having good organoleptic characteristics. The production of some of the formulations described above, would contribute to a larger utilization of pumpkin, as it would allow the easy preparation of salted and sweet dishes (soups, cakes, etc). PMID- 3256285 TI - [Evaluation of the protein quality of legume flours obtained by roasting in heated beds]. AB - Roasted flours from cowpea, canavalia and washed lupin were prepared by a thermic treatment in fluid sand beds at 150, 200 and 250 degrees C for 2.0 and 2.5 minutes, followed by dehulling and grinding. A flour produced by pressure cooking at 121 degrees C for 30 min followed by drying was used as reference. The flours were evaluated through residual levels of antitryptic activity, tannin content, available lysine, NPR and protein digestibility. The roasting and the pressure cooking processes increased NPR values. Nevertheless, the NPR values of all legume flours were significantly lower than the NPR casein values. The roasting process carried out under the conditions indicated inactivated trypsin inhibitor activity significantly. A small decrease in tannin content was also observed, with small insignificant changes in available lysine. The protein digestibility of all products was high with lupin, digestibility being equal to that observed for casein. The roasting process in a fluid granular bed allows the production of products of acceptable protein quality with low levels of antiphysiological factors. PMID- 3256286 TI - [Effects of the treatment of coffee pulp, fresh or ensilaged, with calcium hydroxide, on its nutritive value]. AB - This study was carried out to determine the effects of the addition of calcium hydroxide on the chemical composition and nutritive value of fresh or ensilaged coffee pulp. Fresh or ensilaged pulp were mixed with 1, 2 and 3% of calcium hydroxide. The process was carried out during 0 and 16 hr, after which time the treated pulp was sun-dried for 36 hr until moisture content reached 12%. These samples were then analyzed for their proximate chemical composition and for some minerals (Ca, P, Na, K), as well as for caffeine, tannins and chlorogenic and caffeic acids content. Diets were then prepared from these materials, containing 15% protein and 15 or 30% fresh or ensilaged coffee pulp, and offered to weanling rats during six weeks. Information required on weight gain, food conversion, apparent digestibility and toxicity of the diets was recorded. Results of the chemical analysis revealed that the main changes found in both types of pulp as a result of the calcium hydroxide treatment were the following: a decrease in ether extract (from 4.0 to 2.5 g/100 g), crude fiber (from 18.3 to 11.9 g/100 g) and protein content (from 12.3 to 8.6 g/100 g) in an inverse relation to the amount of calcium hydroxide used. The amount of ash increased, fluctuated between 5.5 and 15.4%, depending on the amount of calcium hydroxide used. The latter affected the Ca:P ratio in the diets, where an average ratio of 7.2:1 was found in the control pulp (0% calcium hydroxide) and 59.0:1 in those treated with the highest amount of calcium hydroxide (3%). Regarding the caffeine, tannins and chlorogenic and caffeic acids contents, calcium hydroxide was effective in decreasing only tannins, more so in the fresh than in the ensilaged pulp; the decrease was in direct proportion to the amount of calcium hydroxide added and to the length of the Ca(OH)2 treatment. The results of the biological assays showed that the addition of Ca(OH)2 in either of the two time periods used and at either of the concentrations studied, did not improve the nutritive value of coffee pulp. There was always a better performance in the animals that consumed ensilaged pulp than in those fed fresh pulp. The animals fed 15% coffee pulp either fresh or ensilaged performed better than those consuming 30% coffee pulp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3256287 TI - [Prevalence of thinness and excessive fatness in a group of school children of the city of Cordoba, Argentina]. AB - Findings of a nutritional evaluation study, using triceps skinfold, are reported. The study was carried out in 1,615 school-children from 5 to 12 years, pertaining to the low socioeconomic status of the city of Cordoba, Argentina. Measurements were done during the years 1983 and 1984 by Center's examiners with a Lange caliper, according to international anthropometric methodology. Interintra observer technical error was found to be within tolerance limits reported by other authors. Local standards were used to determine the prevalence of thinness and excessive fatness, by comparing them to tricep skinfold of each child, and selecting those children where this parameter presented values less than or equal to 10th percentile and fatness greater than or equal to 90th percentile. Furthermore, comparison between median triceps skinfold of the examined group, the local standards and Frisancho's norms for US population was also made. Results revealed that: a) the prevalence of thinness (19.9%) was almost twice the percentage expected for a normal population; in contrast, occurrence of excessive fatness (6.4%) was found to be below the expected value; b) prevalence of thinness was not statistically associated to age nor sex; c) frequency of excessive fatness was significantly higher in the 8-11 year-old male group (8, 9%, p much less than 0.0005) and in the girls group (10.8%), P much less than 0.005) the prevalence of fatness in girls increased with age, and figures revealed that from eight years onwards this exceeded the expected percentage, and d) median triceps skinfold of the group under study was generally below local and foreign norms. It is concluded that potential or real nutrition problems as those mentioned above, may be grossly identified using the triceps skinfold as the single anthropometric indicator. PMID- 3256288 TI - [Serum levels of zinc and copper and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in alcoholic patients]. AB - Serum Zn and Cu levels were measured in 18 chronic alcoholic patients, without clinical signs of hepatic failure, and in 10 control subjects. Low serum Zn levels were observed in the alcoholics, probably due to the low protein ingestion of these individuals. Unlike the control group, no correlation was found between serum Zn and albumin levels in the experimental subjects. High levels of dietary Cu, mostly derived from wine, resulted in hypercupremia in the alcoholic patients. No significant changes in the erthrocyte activity of superoxide dismutase were observed. PMID- 3256289 TI - [Experiences of 3 workshops of the Committee of Food Standards of the International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS)]. PMID- 3256290 TI - Host genotype, pathogenic challenge and periodontal bone loss in the mouse. AB - Periodontal bone loss was induced in mice of different genotypes by oral inoculation with Actinomyces viscosus. Relatively high bone loss occurred in the mutant X-linked immune deficiency, implicating the humoral immune system. Maximum bone loss was always associated with inoculations of 1.6 x 10(7) colony forming units (c.f.u.), while inoculations of 1.6 x 10(6) or 1.6 x 10(9) c.f.u. resulted in bone loss little different from that in uninoculated controls. This 1000-fold range in inoculum size was not reflected in the number of A. viscosus organisms recovered from the molar teeth at the end of the experimental period, suggesting that differences in bone loss stemmed from the host response to the initial inoculum. PMID- 3256291 TI - A comparison of reflex depressions of activity in jaw-closing muscles evoked by intra- and peri-oral stimuli in man. AB - The effects on activity in the masseter muscle of applying electrical stimuli to discrete areas within the mouth or on peri-oral skin were studied electromyographically in 8 subjects. In all subjects, the intra-oral stimuli produced two phases of depressed masseteric activity with mean latencies of 14 ms and 47 ms. By contrast, this shorter latency response was generally not obtained with peri-oral stimuli: responses evoked from vermilion-border skin had an intermediate latency (mean 25 ms) and consisted of either one or two periods of depressed activity, while the responses to stimulation of the hairy skin of the lip generally consisted of a single phase of depressed activity, the time course of which was similar to the later phase produced by intra-oral stimuli (mean latency, 48 ms). These findings were consistently obtained with both single and short trains of electrical stimuli and contrast with reports that intra- and peri oral stimuli produce similar reflexes. The finding that the short-latency reflex depression of masseteric activity could be evoked only by stimulating nerves supplying intra-oral tissues is consistent with the notion that this reflex may play a role in functions such as mastication, and indeed may indicate that the reflex exists specifically for such a purpose. PMID- 3256292 TI - Site-specific differences in human dental plaque pH after sucrose rinsing. AB - The object was to find out whether site-specific variations of pH might correlate with those of oral clearance as indicated by past studies using fluoride, sucrose and glucose as markers. Eleven subjects with 24 h growth of dental plaque rinsed the mouth with a 10% solution of sucrose. The pH of plaque, harvested from the labial or buccal cervical and approximal regions of certain teeth or groups of teeth, was then measured. The results confirmed previous reports that plaque pH varies from site to site in the mouth; the pattern observed was similar in each of the subjects. In the anterior part of the mouth, concentrations of hydrogen ion were invariably higher in plaque from the upper than from the lower surfaces of the teeth. The reverse pattern was found in the posterior part. This site specific pattern was similar to that of oral clearance, as indicated by comparison with known values for glucose concentrations, a finding consistent with the view that site-specific pattern of plaque pH may reflect or at least be influenced by such differential clearance patterns. PMID- 3256293 TI - Salivary glucose clearance, dry mouth and pH changes in dental plaque in man. AB - The aim was to study the effect of different salivary secretion rates on glucose clearance in saliva and on pH changes in dental plaque in man. Eighteen dental students, 21-33 yr old, participated. Dry mouth was induced by injecting methylscopolamine-nitrate submucosally in the labial sulcus. When dry mouth was established, two variables were measured at 1 h intervals, while the salivary flow was recovering: (1) secretion rate of resting and paraffin wax-stimulated whole saliva, and (2) glucose clearance in saliva after ingestion of a glucose tablet. pH changes in dental plaque were studied in 9 of the 18 subjects after a mouth rinse with 10% glucose at two separate occasions, once before and once after an injection of methylscopolamine-nitrate. Higher glucose concentration levels in saliva were found at low than at normal salivary secretion rate. After logarithmic transformation of the salivary glucose concentration values, a biphasic elimination pattern could be seen, with a steeper initial phase followed by a slower one. A critical value for the secretion rate with respect to the salivary glucose clearance time was found to be 0.14 ml/min for resting and 0.62 ml/min for stimulated whole saliva (mean values). The pH changes in dental plaque after the mouth rinse with glucose at extremely low secretion rate were significantly more pronounced than at normal flow rate. Thus, salivary secretion rate affects both the glucose clearance in saliva and the pH changes in dental plaque in man. PMID- 3256294 TI - Effects of proprietary oral rinses containing chlorhexidine, hexetidine and benzydamine on the proliferation of human buccal epithelial cells in culture. AB - Cell cultures were established from small samples of buccal tissue, using a 3T3 fibroblast feeder-layer technique. After exposure to increasing dilutions of three proprietary oral rinses for 22 h or 2 h, the effects upon cell proliferation were studied by measurement of [3H]-thymidine incorporation into cellular DNA. Cell membrane damage was assessed by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase content. Cultures exposed to hexetidine-containing or chlorhexidine containing rinses for 22 h at dilutions of 250-fold or lower showed almost complete inhibition of [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Cultures treated with benzydamine-containing rinse at the same dilutions showed no significant inhibition of incorporation. Exposure to the same dilutions of hexetidine- and chlorhexidine-containing rinses for 2 h resulted in 65% and 20% inhibition of incorporation, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase content decreased to negligible levels after exposure to the rinse containing hexetidine at a 250-fold dilution, but was unaffected by the other two rinses. Thus dividing buccal epithelial cells in vitro may be adversely affected by exposure to certain commercial oral rinses. PMID- 3256295 TI - Establishment and characterization of a clonal cell line (RPC-C2A) from dental pulp of the rat incisor. AB - Maxillary incisor pulp cells from male Wistar rats (7 weeks old) were cultured. After the 52nd subculture, cloning was performed twice and a clonal cell line (RPC-C2A) with high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was established. The population doubling time of RPC-C2A cells was 13.7 h, and the mode of the chromosome number was 42. The heat stability of ALP, the effect of the ALP inhibitors, and the ALP polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern in RPC-C2A cells was the same as for the ALP of the isolated dental pulp. PMID- 3256296 TI - Hydrocortisone stimulation of proliferation and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in rabbit craniofacial chondrocytes in vitro. AB - Hydrocortisone stimulated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, a cartilage phenotype, in chondrocytes from mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC), nasal septal cartilage (NSC) and sphenooccipital synchondrosis (SOS). These stimulations were dose- and time-dependent, being maximal 27 h after addition of 10(-7) M hydrocortisone. The maximal induced increase of GAG synthesis was about 100%, 50% and 20% that of non-stimulated MCC, SOS and NSC chondrocytes, respectively. When stained with toluidine blue, all three types of cortisone-treated chondrocytes showed stronger metachromasia than non-treated controls. DNA synthesis was also increased by hydrocortisone, reaching a maximum 20 h after the addition; stimulation was also dose-dependent and maximal at a concentration of 10(-6) M. The maximal increase in DNA synthesis was 200% in NSC chondrocytes, 90% in SOS chondrocytes, and slight in MCC chondrocytes. However, there was no stimulation of DNA synthesis in serum-free medium, in contrast to that of GAG synthesis. These observations suggest that hydrocortisone regulates craniofacial growth by controlling the differentiation of these chondrocytes directly and their proliferation indirectly, and that the difference in their responses to hydrocortisone may reflect different responses in vivo. PMID- 3256297 TI - Mathematical and descriptive classification of variations in dental arch shape in an Australian aborigine population. AB - The ability to describe dental arch shape is necessary for biomechanical studies of occlusion as well as for anthropological studies of human and primate dental variation. A mathematical method of describing and classifying human dental arch shape was used to assess the nature of individual variability. The method involved the calculation of a series of third-degree polynomials which were fitted to coordinate points along the dental arcade. The slopes of the polynomials, evaluated at these coordinate points, provided a multivariate description of shape, independent of arch size. Graphic representations of arch shape could be constructed from the polynomial equations. These mathematical techniques were used in association with multivariate and univariate statistics to explore the types of variability in dental arch shape among a population of Australian aborigines. The results illustrated the ambiguities of conventional subjective classifications. PMID- 3256298 TI - Pregnancy-related changes in human whole saliva. AB - Flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, viscosity, sialic acid, selected proteins (amylase, lysozyme, peroxidase, lactoferrin) and anions (thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite) were analysed in paraffin-stimulated whole saliva of 16 women during the three trimesters of pregnancy and post partum. Salivary pH and buffer capacity decreased towards late pregnancy, followed by a rapid and significant (p less than 0.01) increase after delivery. The specific activity of salivary peroxidase increased significantly (p less than 0.05) during the third trimester, thus supporting the concept of oestrogen-dependency of this enzyme. None of the other parameters changed significantly during pregnancy or lactation. The results suggest that the composition of human saliva is influenced by female sex steroids during pregnancy. PMID- 3256299 TI - Postanesthetic acute renal failure due to carnitine palmityl transferase deficiency. PMID- 3256300 TI - The cost of cigarette smoking. PMID- 3256301 TI - Validation of work histories obtained from interviews. AB - There have been few attempts to assess the validity of occupational histories obtained from interviews. A nested case-control study of lung cancer conducted in 1985 among a cohort of 19,608 male workers at a Texas chemical production facility provided such an opportunity. Telephone interviews were attempted with 308 lung cancer patients and 588 matched controls or their next of kin in order to gather information on tobacco use, diet, places of residence, and occupations. Interview data from 734 respondents (143 subjects and 591 next of kin) were then compared with the records of work area assignments maintained by the company and with exposure profiles developed by an industrial hygienist. Respondents recalled 48.4 per cent of all documented work area assignments, but only 2.6 per cent of the chemical agents judged as likely exposures. Recall of usual work area assignment was 70.8 per cent. Among the factors found to have most influenced recall were the number and durations of assignments, a subjective assessment of the quality of the interview, and the relationship of the interview respondent to the subject. The elapsed time from job assignment to interview was also found to affect recall of the longest assignment of the subject. PMID- 3256302 TI - The Russell percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: key technical steps. PMID- 3256303 TI - Nephrotic syndrome as the marker for underlying malignancy. PMID- 3256304 TI - The value and hazards of standardization in clinical epidemiologic research. AB - The statistical standardization of rates produces a single summary value that converts crude rates of occurrence into "standardized" rates that are adjusted for differences in the composition of compared populations. Although the process is well described in the epidemiologic literature and is regularly applied in comparisons of large populations, many investigators are not familiar with three important hazards that are magnified for the smaller groups studied in clinical epidemiologic research. This report contains a new "symmetrical" outline of the direct and indirect standardization processes, and an illustration of three pragmatic hazards: (1) Because the direct standardizing factor uses the observed stratum-specific rates, and because any stratum-specific rates that depend on small denominators may be misleading or unstable, the indirect method is preferred when the observed strata have small denominators. (2) Both the direct and indirect standardizing methods are highly vulnerable both to the choice of reference population and to the boundaries chosen when strata are demarcated or consolidated. The standardized rates can be altered dramatically according to differences in the stratum proportions of the reference population, or to distinctions produced when standardizing strata are consolidated. (3) If the stratum-specific rates and stratum proportions have different patterns of variation across the strata of the compared groups, the use of a single summary value--no matter what method of standardization is applied--may obscure cogent patterns of variation and significant differences in the stratum-specific rates. These hazards can be overcome if the studied group and the reference population are carefully compared for inconsistent variations in the stratum-specific rates and proportions before any standardizing procedure is applied. In many instances, the best approach may be to compare the unaltered stratum-specific rates, without standardization. PMID- 3256305 TI - Albumin abuse in intensive care medicine. AB - Albumin is a much abused and expensive drug in intensive care units. One of the motivations for its use is the prevention of pulmonary edema by enhancing the colloid osmotic pressure (COP). Fear of pulmonary edema has led to the formation of a magic (arbitrary) albumin value varying from one intensive care unit to another. Many intensive care units start substituting albumin when it is below 25 g/l. The objective of this paper is to look at the rationale of this policy. Our results show that in intensive care patients, with a variety of primary diagnoses, a poor correlation exists between COP and serum albumin concentration (r = 0.56; p less than 0.001). To get an index of the colloid osmotic status of the I. C.-patient measuring albumin concentration is useless and COP should be measured instead. From 19 patients with a COP in the 15.0-20.0 mmHg range (corresponding albumin range: 12.0-25.0 g/l) and from 10 patients with a COP in the 11.6-15.0 mmHg range (corresponding albumin range 10.5-19.2 g/l) none developed pulmonary edema. It is questionable if expensive, scarce albumin is the drug of choice with which to increase COP, for the mean increase (+/- SD) in COP after infusion of 100 grams albumin is 2.2 (+/- 1.5) mmHg (p less than 0.001). Adopting a COP action level of 15 mmHg can lead to considerable savings. PMID- 3256306 TI - Biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinate in greening barley leaves. IX. Structure of the substrate, mode of gabaculine inhibition, and the catalytic mechanism of glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. AB - Glutamic acid 1-semialdehyde hydrochloride was synthesized and purified. Its prior structural characterization was extended and confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and chemical analyses. In aqueous solution at pH 1 to 2 glutamic acid 1-semialdehyde exists in a stable hydrated form, but at pH 8.0 it has a half life of 3 to 4 min. Spontaneous degradation of the material at pH 8.0 generated some undefined condensation products, but coincidentally a significant amount isomerized to 5-aminolevulinate. At pH 6.8 to 7.0, glutamate 1-semialdehyde is sufficiently stable to permit routine and reproducible assay for glutamate 1 semialdehyde aminotransferase activity. Only about 20% of the enzyme extracted from chloroplasts was sensitive to inactivation by gabaculine with no pretreatment. However, when the enzyme was exposed to 5-aminolevulinate, levulinate or 4,5-dioxovalerate in the absence of glutamate 1-semialdehyde, it was completely inactivated by gabaculine; 4,6-dioxoheptanoate had no effect on the enzyme. These results lead to the hypothesis that the aminotransferase exists in the chloroplast in a complex with pyridoxamine phosphate, which must be converted to the pyridoxal form before it can form a stable adduct with gabaculine. We propose that the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glutamate 1 semialdehyde to 5-aminolevulinate via 4,5-diaminovalerate. PMID- 3256307 TI - Characterization and in vitro expression of the cytochrome b-559 genes of barley. I. Localization and sequence of the genes. AB - The psbE and psbF genes encoding the 9.4 and 4.4 kD apoproteins of cytochrome b 559 have been located in the chloroplast genome of barley. As in other plant species they are found adjacent to each other in the large single copy region of the chloroplast DNA. Both the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence for the two polypeptides are identical to that of wheat and more than 95% similar to those of spinach, tobacco and Oenothera. The region between the two genes spans 10 nucleotides (excluding the stopcodon) and contains a typical procaryotic ribosomal binding site. A dicistronic transcript is identified, but the presence of a ribosomal binding site between the two genes may allow independent translation. PMID- 3256308 TI - DNA sequence polymorphisms in the genus Saccharomyces. V. Cloning and characterization of a LEU2 gene from S. carlsbergensis. AB - Saccharomyces carlsbergensis strains used in the production of lager beer are structurally heterozygous in most genetic loci studied to date. Previous studies have shown that the genotype of lager yeast contains two types of genomes, one of which is derived from S. cerevisiae and the other reveals similarities to the genomes of S. bayanus and S. monacensis. Genes of homeologous chromosomes can be distinguished by characteristic restriction fragment patterns. This is true also for the LEU2 genes which encode the beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase and are located on chromosomes III. In the present work a LEU2 gene from S. carlsbergensis has been cloned and characterized. The cloned 2.6 kb LEU2 region complements the S. cerevisiae leu2-3 leu2-112 double mutation. The restriction endonuclease site map of the isolated S. carlsbergensis LEU2 gene is different from that of the S. cerevisiae LEU2 gene. Electrophoretic chromosome separation, as well as karl mediated transfer of single chromosomes into S. cerevisiae strains, has shown that the S. carlsbergensis specific LEU2 gene is located on a chromosome III which carries the carlsbergensis specific HIS4 gene. The cloned LEU2 gene shows preferential molecular hybridization to one of the two LEU2 structural alleles present in lager strains, an allele which is also present in type strains of S. bayanus, S. carlsbergensis, S. monacensis and S. uvarum. PMID- 3256310 TI - The Ig germline gene repertoire: economy or wastage? PMID- 3256309 TI - Carboxypeptidase S-1 from Penicillium janthinellum: enzymatic properties in hydrolysis and aminolysis reactions. AB - Carboxypeptidase S-1 from Penicillium janthinellum has been isolated by affinity chromatography and characterized. The enzyme activity is unusually stable in organic solvents, e.g. 80% methanol. The hydrolysis of peptide substrates is apparently dependent on three ionizable groups. One group, with pKa of 4.0-4.5, is a catalytically essential residue in its deprotonated form, and another group with a pKa of 6.5-7.0 functions in its protonated form, apparently as the binding site for the C-terminal carboxylate group of peptide substrates. The third group, with a pKa of 5.0-5.5, appears to be a carboxylic acid group located at the S1 binding site. Deprotonation of this group to form a negatively charged carboxylate group has an adverse effect on the hydrolysis of substrates with hydrophobic amino acid residues at the P1 position and a beneficial effect on the hydrolysis of substrates with the positively charged arginyl or lysyl residues at this position. The substrate preference of the enzyme is consequently pH dependent. At pH 6.0 (the optimum for ester hydrolysis) the enzyme is essentially specific for Bz-X-OMe substrates where X = Arg and Lys. Using amino acids and amino acid amides as nucleophiles carboxypeptidase S-1 efficiently catalyses the formation of peptide bonds by aminolysis of peptides (transpeptidation reactions) and peptide esters provided that the substrate contains a basic amino acid residue at the P1 position, e.g. Bz-Arg-OBu and Bz-Arg-Leu-OH. With several nucleophiles the fractions of aminolysis exceed those previously reported in similar studies with carboxypeptidase Y and malt carboxypeptidase II. PMID- 3256311 TI - The regulation of intracellular signals during lymphocyte activation. PMID- 3256312 TI - Gene regulation, organization and function. PMID- 3256313 TI - Immunogenetics and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3256314 TI - Strategies for codon usage in human VH families. PMID- 3256315 TI - The spleen in lymphocyte migration. PMID- 3256316 TI - Idiotypes: practical advances from fundamental concepts. PMID- 3256317 TI - Immunogenetics and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3256318 TI - A role for heat shock proteins in inflammation? PMID- 3256319 TI - Detection and clinical relevance of anti-DNA/anti-ENA antibodies. PMID- 3256320 TI - MHC class II-positive antigen-presenting cells in the decidua. PMID- 3256321 TI - Efficiency of poly(A).poly(U) as an adjuvant. PMID- 3256322 TI - Physiology and pathology of an immunoendocrine feedback loop. PMID- 3256323 TI - Possible involvement of queuine in oxidative metabolism. AB - The possibility that the base, queuine, or the queuine family of tRNAs may play a role in oxidative metabolism has been investigated. (i) The enzymatic insertion of queuine into tRNA requires oxygen. This is true for both the mammalian and bacterial enzyme. (ii) (q-) LM cells (murine fibroblast line) grown in culture had 53% less of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase than (q+) cells. (iii) There was less thiobarbituric-acid-reactive material in queuine-deficient mouse liver and kidney than in (q+) liver and kidney. PMID- 3256324 TI - Synthesis of trifluoromethyl analogs of vitamin K as substrates for the liver microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. AB - The rat liver microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of glutamyl to gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues in the presence of reduced vitamin K, O2 and CO2. The specificity of the enzyme for the vitamin substrate has been probed by the synthesis of the trifluoromethyl analogs of menaquinone-2 (2-methyl-3-geranyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and phylloquinone (2-methyl 3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). The reduced (naphthohydroquinone) forms of the trifluoromethyl analogs of the natural vitamins had no substrate activity but were competitive inhibitors of the reaction with a Ki in the same range as the Km of the normal substrate. The oxidized form of the trifluoromethyl analogs of vitamin K also caused inhibition by a mechanism that could not be established. Under the incubation conditions utilized, fluorine was lost from the trifluoromethyl group by a process that was dithiothreitol and high pH dependent. PMID- 3256325 TI - Regulation of LH subunit mRNA levels by gonadal hormones in female rats. AB - To determine the physiological role of the ovaries in regulation of LH subunit gene expression, levels of cytoplasmic mRNA were measured in a cDNA-RNA dot-blot hybridization assay. An increase (twofold) in alpha mRNA was first detected 8 days after ovariectomy and then remained stable for 4 weeks. In contrast, LH-beta mRNA increased by 60-79% within 12 h of removing the ovaries and then rose progressively to six times the intact values at 3 and 4 weeks. Increases in LH beta mRNA were always greater than those of alpha mRNA. Oestradiol, and oestradiol plus progesterone, but not progesterone alone, prevented the rise in alpha and LH-beta mRNA 10 days after ovariectomy. Three days after ovariectomy, alpha mRNA, but not LH-beta mRNA, was suppressed to below intact control values by oestradiol and oestradiol plus progesterone, indicating greater sensitivity of alpha mRNA to oestradiol inhibition at this stage. A single injection of oestradiol (1 microgram s.c.) to rats ovariectomized 14 days previously transiently suppressed alpha and LH-beta mRNA levels and serum LH concentrations in parallel for 1-8 h, after which high preinjection values were restored. However, pituitary LH content remained suppressed after LH mRNA levels had returned to the control values of ovariectomized rats. In most instances there was a qualitative positive correlation between changes in alpha and LH-beta mRNA, pituitary LH content and serum LH concentrations. LH content reflected LH-beta mRNA changes more closely than those of alpha mRNA. However, in oestradiol treated rats ovariectomized 10 days previously, LH content remained increased despite normalization of the LH-beta and alpha mRNA levels, suggesting differential sensitivity to oestradiol of the gene expression and translational processes. Thus divergence of pre- and post-translational regulation of LH biosynthesis was demonstrated. These results imply an important physiological role for female sex hormones in the control of LH gene expression and LH biosynthesis. Prolactin mRNA fell by 30-50% for the first 2 weeks after ovariectomy, but by 3 and 4 weeks values were similar to those of intact controls. Serum and pituitary prolactin levels were reduced by 50% or more at all time-points, despite normalization of mRNA. Treatment of ovariectomized rats for 10 days with oestradiol and progesterone, either alone or combined, reversed the fall in prolactin mRNA and serum and pituitary prolactin levels. These changes in prolactin gene expression and synthesis were opposite to those of LH subunits in response to the same in-vivo hormone manipulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3256327 TI - The influence of surface characteristics on the early bacterial colonization of intra-oral hard surfaces. PMID- 3256326 TI - Gonadal regulation of pituitary hormone mRNA levels in male rats. AB - The control of anterior pituitary hormone gene expression by testosterone in male rat pituitaries in vivo was investigated using dot-blot mRNA-cDNA hybridization assays. Common alpha subunit mRNA levels doubled by 2 days after orchidectomy and rose progressively to reach plateau levels three to four times intact control values by 2 weeks. LH-beta mRNA increased significantly (congruent to 50%) within 12 h, and thereafter progressively to seven times intact control values by 3 weeks after orchidectomy. The changes in alpha mRNA were likely to have occurred in gonadotrophs and not thyrotrophs, since TSH-beta mRNA levels were unaltered by orchidectomy. LH subunit mRNA changes were accompanied by an initial (1-4 days) decrease in pituitary LH content; thereafter, pituitary LH increased in parallel with and by a similar magnitude to the LH-beta mRNA. Serum LH rises occurred before significant increases in LH subunit mRNA after orchidectomy. The lack of temporal correlation between mRNA levels and serum and pituitary LH in the early stages after removal of testosterone feedback contrasts with the good correlation when a new steady state was achieved after 3-4 weeks, and indicates differing kinetics for changes in these aspects of gonadotroph function. An inhibitory effect of testosterone on LH subunit gene expression was confirmed by prevention of the rise in alpha and LH-beta mRNAs when treatment commenced immediately after castration. However, pituitary LH content and serum LH levels were reduced relative to control values, suggesting additional inhibitory actions of testosterone on translational and post-translational events in gonadotrophs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3256328 TI - The effect of Parodontax mouthwash and its constituents on the microorganisms of subgingival plaque. PMID- 3256329 TI - The effects of Parodontax subgingival irrigation following non-surgical therapy. PMID- 3256330 TI - The role of natural products in oral health care. PMID- 3256331 TI - Oral health care today. PMID- 3256332 TI - In vitro abrasiveness of dentifrices. PMID- 3256333 TI - If I had a stroke. PMID- 3256334 TI - Pyridoxine in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a retrospective survey in 630 patients. AB - We present a survey summarising the retrospective reports of the therapeutic effect of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) in 630 women suffering from premenstrual syndrome (PMS) who attended a PMS clinic during the period 1976-1983. The daily doses of pyridoxine hydrochloride varied from 40 to 100 mg early in the study and from 120 to 200 mg in the later period of the investigations. The response to treatment was recorded as good (no significant residual complaints) in 40 per cent or more of patients taking 100-150 mg pyridoxine daily and in 60 per cent of patients treated with 160-200 mg daily. Together with partial response (useful benefit but still some significant complaints), the positive effect of the treatment increased to 65-68 per cent and 70-88 per cent respectively. No symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy were reported. PMID- 3256335 TI - Eight years experience of the Ortho Gyne 'T' IUCD in general practice. AB - The experiences of 112 women, with a total of 191 IUCD insertions in the period 1978-1986 are reported. The study covers a period of 360 woman years. One pregnancy was reported with the coil in situ, two pregnancies were reported when the coil had either been totally or partially extruded. There were 15 episodes of infection in 15 women. Seventy eight per cent of women were either very or moderately happy with the coil, 10 per cent thought it preferable to other methods though not ideal, and 12 per cent were unhappy with it. Subsequent fertility on removal of the device was not impaired. PMID- 3256336 TI - Statistical significance and confidence intervals. PMID- 3256337 TI - Recurrent agranulocytosis following carbimazole and propylthiouracil therapy. AB - Agranulocytosis is an infrequent but potentially fatal complication of anti thyroid drugs. There is little information regarding the use of a second anti thyroid drug when initial therapy results in agranulocytosis. This report summarises a case of recurrent agranulocytosis following the consecutive administration of carbimazole and propylthiouracil. PMID- 3256338 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - The incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism amongst the elderly has increased during the last decade. Recent studies show that the incidence has risen to 277 per million population after the introduction of automated techniques for measuring the serum calcium. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients over 60 has increased fivefold in men and more than sixfold in women. Coincidentally there has been a diversity of clinical presentation and an increasing interest in the manifestation. We report three patients who presented with entirely different clinical pictures but who were proved to have primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 3256339 TI - Hodgkin's disease occurring in a patient treated successfully for Goodpasture's syndrome. AB - The case is presented of a 19 year-old male who was diagnosed as suffering from Goodpasture's syndrome, treated with reducing doses of prednisone and chlorambucil for 12 months and who developed Hodgkin's disease 16 years later. Various postulates to explain the occurrence of Hodgkin's disease in this patient are proposed, and the possible association between Goodpasture's syndrome and Hodgkin's disease is discussed with reference to iatrogenic, genetic, environmental and immunological factors. PMID- 3256340 TI - Chronic active hepatitis presenting with Mirizzi syndrome. AB - A 57-year-old woman is described suffering from chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver which presented with obstruction to the common hepatic duct by a gallstone impacted in the neck of the gallbladder. PMID- 3256341 TI - An unusual presentation of inflammatory bowel disease. AB - A 32 year-old male presented to his general practitioner for a routine health check. Microscopic haematuria was noted in an otherwise asymptomatic and fit patient. Subsequent investigation was normal apart from abnormal liver function tests for which no cause was found. A cholecystectomy was performed for gallstones which were detected by ultrasound after the patient complained of upper right quadrant pain. Wedge biopsy of the liver at operation was suggestive of cholangitis. A barium enema was performed which revealed ulceration of the transverse colon suggestive of Crohn's disease. The association of cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease is discussed. PMID- 3256342 TI - If I had endogenous depression. PMID- 3256343 TI - The effect of a single daily low dose of methyldopa and K+ sparing diuretic on blood pressure in the elderly. PMID- 3256344 TI - Detection and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in 'babies at risk' in Western Galillee. PMID- 3256345 TI - The price of prolonged rest. PMID- 3256346 TI - Gastro-pleuro-bronchial fistula mimicking bronchiectasis. PMID- 3256347 TI - Solitary pulmonary masses in progressive massive fibrosis: a diagnostic pitfall. PMID- 3256348 TI - Infected aneurysm of the anterior tibial artery. PMID- 3256349 TI - Antibiotic associated Henoch-Schonlein purpura syndrome. PMID- 3256350 TI - The pathology of clubbing: vascular changes in the nail bed. AB - In this study post-mortem angiograms were prepared from both normal and clubbed hands and attempts were made to estimate the size of the vascular bed in the terminal parts of each finger. Representative cases were also examined histologically. There were no differences between the groups. The increase in blood flow in clubbing is the result of vasodilatation rather than hyperplasia of vessels in the nail bed. PMID- 3256351 TI - Stimulation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood lymphocytes by Kveim antigen, tuberculin and concanavalin A in sarcoidosis. AB - BAL and blood mononuclear cells and their reactivity to Kveim antigen, tuberculin and concanavalin A (Con A) were studied in nine patients with different clinical stages of sarcoidosis. After separation by plastic adherence, non-adherent cells (mainly lymphocytes) were admixed with 10% autologous adherent cells (monocytes/macrophages). After 3 and 6 days' culture with Kveim antigen (1, 10, 100 micrograms/ml), PPD tuberculin (2.5 micrograms/ml) and Con A (10, 20, 40 micrograms/ml) stimulation was measured as incorporation of 14C-thymidine into DNA. Except for occasional reactions the study did not show any unitary significant increase in lymphocyte response to the different concentrations of Kveim antigen in either BAL or blood. For Con A there was a weaker response by BAL-mononuclear cells with no difference between 3 and 6 days, compared with blood where there was an early peak. The lymphocyte reaction to PPD was weak with no difference between blood and BAL. PMID- 3256352 TI - Renal biopsy and antineutrophil antibodies in the diagnosis and assessment of Wegener's granuloma. AB - Seventeen patients with Wegener's granuloma (WG), all of whom had renal biopsies taken at presentation, are reviewed. In conjunction with nasal or transbronchial biopsies renal biopsies aided diagnosis and also yielded prognostic information. The detection of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in the serum of patients with WG is a useful supplementary diagnostic tool. PMID- 3256353 TI - Arachnia propionica pneumonia in hairy cell leukaemia. AB - Pulmonary infection caused by Arachnia propionica in a patient with hairy cell leukaemia is described. The organism is highly sensitive to penicillin but the patient succumbed to his illness despite treatment with penicillin and various other antibiotics. Various types of opportunist infections are common in patients with hairy cell leukaemia but we believe this to be the first report of infection by Arachnia propionica in such a patient. PMID- 3256354 TI - Massive haemoptysis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - A 32-year-old male intravenous drug abuser was admitted to our institution with constitutional symptoms and sputum smears containing acid-fast bacilli, but no parenchymal disease on chest radiograph. He subsequently developed massive haemoptysis and required an emergency lobectomy. The pathology specimen revealed miliary tuberculosis with extensive caseation, schistosomiasis and cytomegalovirus. This is the first report of massive haemoptysis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The severe pulmonary haemorrhage was most likely due to miliary tuberculosis. PMID- 3256355 TI - Pleuropulmonary haemangiopericytoma masquerading as a post-infective encysted pleural effusion. AB - Haemangiopericytoma, a rare mesenchymal tumour infrequently found within the thorax, is described in a patient who presented with a pleural mass following a lower respiratory tract infection. Specific radiological features leading to a diagnosis have previously been suggested; however, these are challenged in view of the findings in this case. Haemangiopericytoma ought to be considered in the differential diagnosis of an asymptomatic enlarging pleuropulmonary soft tissue mass. PMID- 3256356 TI - Chronic beryllium disease in identical twins. AB - Identical male twins born in 1959 have developed chronic beryllium disease. Twin 1 was exposed to beryllium for more than 3 years. The diagnosis was first suspected at the time of his post-employment chest radiograph. Twin 2 was exposed for 21 months and ceased employment at the same time as his brother. His post employment examination was normal. Thirty months later he developed an unusual skin rash which biopsy showed to be granulomatous. Further investigations proved the diagnosis. Both men have reduced tear secretion measured with Schirmer's test, a feature not previously reported in this condition. Bronchoalveolar lavage and laser microprobe mass spectrometry (LAMMS) were used as aids to the diagnosis. Sarcoidosis has been reported in identical twins, suggesting genetic susceptibility, which may also be of importance in chronic beryllium disease. PMID- 3256357 TI - Induction of bronchial hyperresponsiveness following smoke inhalation injury. AB - We report two subjects without previous evidence of asthma in whom wheeze, breathlessness and bronchial hyperresponsiveness occurred following an acute smoke inhalation injury. PMID- 3256358 TI - Progressive apical pleural fibrosis: a 'constrictive' ventilatory defect. AB - We report two patients with bilateral apical pleural fibrosis which may be a form of benign asbestos-related pleurisy, one of these being steroid responsive. The pulmonary function defect of reduced lung volumes with raised gas transfer coefficient is characteristic and is best described as 'constrictive'. PMID- 3256359 TI - Apical pulmonary fibrosis in psoriasis. AB - Apical pulmonary fibrosis has been established as a non-articular complication of ankylosing spondylitis. Although psoriasis is frequently associated with arthropathy and spondylitis, there is only one previous report of apical fibrosis occurring in a patient with psoriasis. We report two patients with psoriasis complicated by apical pulmonary disease in whom extensive investigations were negative. PMID- 3256361 TI - A follow-up study of a language intervention programme. PMID- 3256360 TI - Assessment of language disorders after right hemisphere damage. PMID- 3256362 TI - Professional and family understanding of impaired communication. PMID- 3256363 TI - RBC membrane instability for large pipette deformation. A theoretical approach. AB - Under conditions of high pressure difference micropipette aspiration experiments show a "pinch-off" phenomenon as observed by RAND /31/. In a very recent paper, MEIER et. al /9/ have reported about new data obtained with a modern electronic technique under moderate mechanical load. We have theoretically analysed the conditions necessary to form such a instability. In our approximations we have investigated the effective transmembrane pressure difference which is given both by the true pressure drop, determined by the hydrodynamic flow through a small gap between the cell tongue and the pipette wall and the interaction between the tongue and the wall, as well as by the nonisotropic part of the membrane tension. When the membrane tongue is long enough (greater than 3Rp) we have found a condition for the loss of membrane stability in a point where a minimum of the effective transmembrane pressure drop occurs. An expression for it and the vesicle size are given. PMID- 3256364 TI - Change of hematocrit and blood viscosity in cholesterol-fed rabbits. AB - In the cholesterol-fed rabbits, we observed that the whole blood viscosity was maintained at the normal level in spite of the decrease in hematocrit. This phenomenon suggests that there exists some visco-regulatory mechanism, and we could simulate it by a simple integration type model. PMID- 3256365 TI - Influence of electric field on the unsteady dispersion coefficient in couple stress flow. AB - The influence of electric field on unsteady convective diffusion in couple stress flow is studied using a time dependent dispersion model. The electric field, arising as a body couple in the governing equations, is shown to increase the axial dispersion coefficient. This is useful in the control of haemolysis caused by artificial organs implanted or extracorporeal. The contribution of pure convection in the dispersion of concentration is singled out and investigated in detail. The results obtained are compared with those in the absence of electric field and some important conclusions are drawn. PMID- 3256366 TI - Abstracts of the eleventh annual meeting, Japanese Society of Biorheology. Kanazawa, Japan, 2-4 June 1988. PMID- 3256367 TI - Appraisal of the event as a factor in coping with malpractice litigation. AB - The authors designed a study to explore medical malpractice litigation as a stressor, factors that contribute to doctors' appraisal of it, how they actually cope with it, and the potential effects on them and on their mode of practice. We interviewed 51 physicians who had been sued for medical malpractice. Those who identified litigation as their most stressful life event (Group 1, N = 11) experienced significantly more physical and emotional symptoms, especially those suggestive of a major depressive disorder, and used more emotion-focused coping mechanisms than those who identified some other event in life as being most stressful (Group 2, N = 39). The appraisal of litigation as one's most stressful life experience may be a useful predictor of coping response, with previous life experiences as a major contributing factor to this appraisal. PMID- 3256368 TI - Behavior patterns of coronary heart disease patients and healthy controls in China. AB - Studies of the behavior patterns in coronary heart disease (CHD) have begun in China. A survey of 714 CHD patients, 424 controls, and 220 relatives of the CHD patients was conducted in 18 provinces and municipalities. It showed that scores on Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) tests were much higher for CHD patients than for controls. Scores for mental workers were higher than for physical workers, but there were no significant differences when scores were broken down by age and sex. PMID- 3256369 TI - Job stress and mental well-being: similarities and differences among American, Japanese, and Indian managers. AB - The sources and mediators of occupational stress have been assessed frequently but rarely from a cross-cultural perspective. The present study examined responses to a number of stress, social support, job satisfaction, and personal characteristics measures and their relationships to mental well-being among samples of lower-, middle-, and upper-level managers in the United States, Japan, and India. These data suggested basic similarities between 178 U.S. and 306 Indian managers; the 222 Japanese managers tended to report more negative reactions than the other two groups. Variability among these groups was seen, however, in the relative weights given to the factors of the mental well-being measure and in the association of these factors with the various independent variables. Implications and shortcomings of these results are discussed, along with suggestions for future research priorities. PMID- 3256370 TI - Characteristic expressions of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder among Israeli soldiers in the 1982 Lebanon War. AB - This study assessed the clinical picture of two groups of Israeli soldiers: front line soldiers who had been treated for combat stress reaction during the 1982 Lebanon War (n = 382); and matched control front-line soldiers who did not sustain combat stress reaction (n = 334). Subjects were screened one year after the war for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychiatric symptomatology using the symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90). Results indicated that anxiety, depression, hostility, and obsessive-compulsive problems were the most salient features of PTSD among combat stress reaction casualties. The contribution of DSM III criteria as well as their limitations in the diagnosis of PTSD are discussed. PMID- 3256371 TI - Somatic complaints, stress reaction, and posttraumatic stress disorder: a three year follow-up study. AB - The relationships of somatic complaints and health-related habits to combat stress reaction and posttraumatic stress disorder were assessed one, two, and three years after the 1982 Lebanon War. The sample consisted of 213 combat stress reaction Israeli casualties and 116 comparable controls. Results showed that higher rates of somatic complaints were reported by both combat stress reaction and posttraumatic stress disorder casualties at all three assessments. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed. PMID- 3256372 TI - Definition of suicide. PMID- 3256373 TI - The long-term outcome of Maudsley depressives. AB - Eighty-nine consecutive admissions with primary depressive illness were prospectively ascertained and diagnosed in 1965-66 by R. E. Kendell, who also allocated each a position on a neurotic-psychotic continuum on the basis of previous discriminant function analysis. In 1983-84, 94% of the survivors were personally interviewed by a psychiatrist blind to index admission data. Operational outcome criteria were employed and longitudinal data were established for 98% of the series. Mortality risk was doubled overall, and increased sevenfold for women under 40 years at index admission. Less than one-fifth of the survivors had remained well, and over one-third of the series suffered unnatural death or severe chronic distress and handicap. Patients whose index episode marked their first psychiatric contact had a 50% chance of readmission within their lifetime, but those with previous admissions had a 50% chance of readmission within three years. Readmissions occurred even after 12 years of being symptom-free, and conversely patients recovered after as long as 15 years of illness. There was a high incidence of other disorders (schizoaffective disorder, alcoholism, schizophrenia), and only four patients showed pure recurrent unipolar histories. Patients at the psychotic end of the continuum were more likely to be readmitted and to have very poor outcomes. PMID- 3256375 TI - Depression and family relationships. A study of young, married women on a London housing estate. AB - The study was carried out on 25-34-year-old, British-born, married women, living on a south-east London housing estate. The reported early and current family relationships of 50 depressed and 40 non-depressed women were compared. Significantly more of the depressed women reported a poor early relationship with their mothers, but not with their fathers. This finding was confirmed by corresponding low care and high overprotection scores (for mothers only) on the Parental Bonding Instrument. On the basis of what the women and their husbands said, the marriages of the depressed women were rated as much poorer. This was confirmed by the women's and their husbands' scores on a Partner Rating Questionnaire and the Ryle-Scott-Heyes Marital Patterns Questionnaire. The depressed women reported a poorer current relationship with their mothers and a much poorer relationship with their husbands' mothers and fathers. Significantly more depressed women reported four or more poor family relationships. PMID- 3256374 TI - The long-term outcome of depressive illness. AB - One hundred and forty-five patients with primary depressive illness admitted to a university hospital between 1966 and 1970 were followed up an average of 15 years later. Adequate data were obtained on 133 (92%) of the 145. During the follow-up period, 7% of the 133 had suicided, 12% had remained incapacitated by illness and only 20% had remained continuously well. Patients for whom the index admission was not their first were especially likely to be readmitted during the follow-up period. Patients with endogenous depression, none of whom developed schizophrenia during the follow-up period, were more likely to need readmission than patients with an index diagnosis of neurotic depression. In all other respects the prognosis for the two types of depression was the same, with considerable morbidity evident in both. PMID- 3256376 TI - Phenomenology of organic and functional psychoses and the overlap between them. AB - The Present State Examination was conducted upon 328 recently admitted psychotic patients, of whom 23 were later found to have underlying organic illness. The phenomenology in these 23 was compared with that of 92 matching controls drawn from the parent sample who conformed to DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia, mania and depression. Few significant differences were present and there was considerable overlap between the diagnostic groups. PMID- 3256377 TI - Lifelong eccentricity and social isolation. II: Asperger's syndrome or schizoid personality disorder? AB - Several scales are described for measuring aspects of eccentricity and social isolation; in particular, for assessing schizoid and schizotypal personality and for rating abnormal non-verbal expression. The latter is shown to be reliable, and the former to have a measure of validity. There was an association between schizoid personality traits and abnormalities of speech and non-verbal expression. However, abnormal non-verbal expression, but not schizoid personality traits or DSM-III schizotypal personality disorder, was particularly likely to occur in those subjects who had evidence of neurological deficit, and childhood symptoms indicative of developmental disorder. Abnormal non-verbal expression, but not personality disorder, was also associated with other characteristic features of Asperger's syndrome, such as unusual, 'special' interests. It is suggested that Asperger's syndrome is a distinct syndrome from either schizoid or schizotypal personality disorder, but may be a risk factor for the development of schizoid personality disorder. PMID- 3256378 TI - Repetition of parasuicide: an epidemiological and clinical study. AB - The dramatic clinical presentation of parasuicide tends to deflect attention from the repetitive pattern of this behaviour in many patients. In an epidemiological study of annual cohorts of parasuicides for 1972, 1977, and 1982 admitted to the Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre, Edinburgh, it was found that for certain subgroups of the population 'repeaters' were actually commoner than 'first-ever' patients, and a number of risk factors were identified, of which social class was particularly important. The clinical characteristics of patients distinguished by their frequency of repetition were also described, with special attention to the stability of these differentiating features over time. It is suggested that the habitual repeater requires closer study, and that the factors which lead to initiation into a parasuicidal 'career' are not necessarily those which conduce to repetition. PMID- 3256379 TI - Intropunitiveness and parasuicide: prediction of interview response. AB - A recently proposed relationship between intropunitiveness and depressive states was examined in interview intervention with parasuicidal in-patients. To test the prediction that highly intropunitive parasuicidal individuals would be most responsive to cognitive intervention, a sample of 48 parasuicidal in-patients were administered a battery of individual difference measures, including the Hostility Questionnaire. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three interview procedures, namely a cognitive interview, an affective interview or a waiting period (control). Highly intropunitive individuals in the cognitive interview group showed the most improvements on a self-report depressive symptom change measure. In addition to supporting theoretical models of depressive state changes, the study has important clinical implications because of the need to identify parasuicidal individuals who are most likely to benefit from brief interventions. PMID- 3256380 TI - Family history and five-year suicide risk. AB - Family history was examined to determine whether suicide in index patients is associated with suicidal behaviour or mental disorder in their first-degree relatives. Twenty-seven suicides occurred within 5 1/2 years among 955 affectively disordered probands. Among 5042 proband relatives aged 18 years and older, 44 had committed suicide prior to proband entry to the study; however, only one was the relative of a proband suicide. Only two of the relatives who committed suicide were themselves related. As to attempted suicide of relatives, neither the number of attempts nor the severity of attempt was predictive of suicide in probands. Comparison of diagnosis between groups of relatives showed more drug abuse among relatives of proband suicides; this appears to be related to drug abuse among the proband suicides themselves. In contrast to the clustering of suicides within biological families found in other research, these data do not support the use of family history as a clinically useful indicator of suicidal potential in affectively disordered probands. PMID- 3256381 TI - The long-term psychiatric consequences of accidental injury. A longitudinal study of 107 adults. AB - One hundred and seven accidentally injured adults were studied while in hospital and assessed prospectively twice more in a mean period of 28 months. The patients were studied by means of taped clinical interviews, including the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (which includes the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale), and several self-report measures of distress (Schedule of Recent Life Events, General Health Questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale and State Anxiety Inventory) at the three assessments. The total incidence of psychiatric disorders considered to be caused by the accident during the follow-up period was 22.4%. The incidence of non-organic psychiatric disorders caused by the accident was 16.8% at the first follow-up and 9.3% at the final follow-up. Depressive disorders of different severity were most often seen. Only one patient suffered from a post-traumatic stress disorder during the follow-up, and none at the final follow-up (DSM-III). Organic mental disorders were diagnosed in 9.3% of the patients. In 5.6% of the patients this was the only disorder. PMID- 3256382 TI - The assessment of psychological-mindedness in the diagnostic interview. PMID- 3256383 TI - Paradoxical intention and anti-exposure in a non-compliant, obsessive-compulsive ritualiser. AB - A woman with persistent obsessive-compulsive rituals showed limited improvement with exposure therapy, because of her refusal to comply fully with treatment and a lack of homework practice. She was negativistic towards therapists. Following a relapse, she was asked to try anti-exposure and to increase rituals. Paradoxically, this led to marked self exposure to the feared situation, and self imposed response prevention, with resultant improvement, whereas anti-exposure instructions are generally anti-therapeutic in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PMID- 3256384 TI - Fear of AIDS: the impact of public anxiety in young people. AB - Two young adolescents are reported in whom fears of contracting AIDS were a prominent part of their clinical presentation. Public anxiety, specific developmental vulnerability, and exposure to the media information campaign about HIV infection and AIDS are discussed as factors in the genesis and precipitation of emotional disorder in these youngsters. PMID- 3256385 TI - Autoscopy, mental handicap and epilepsy. A case report. AB - A case of autoscopy in a 43-year-old epileptic and mentally handicapped woman is described. The possible significance of this phenomenon to the patient is discussed. PMID- 3256386 TI - Mania induced by lithium augmentation. A case report. AB - A case of mania subsequent to the addition of lithium in unsuccessful treatment by antidepressants is presented. It is suggested that lithium might potentiate some properties of antidepressants which affect their capacity to induce mania. PMID- 3256387 TI - Does erotomania exist between women? AB - Two cases of homosexual erotomania are described and the recommended diagnostic criteria applied. The symptoms were found to be very similar to that occurring with heterosexual patients. The case for retaining erotomania as a distinct entity is discussed. PMID- 3256388 TI - Serial cognitive profiles in levodopa-induced hypersexuality. AB - A patient with recent-onset Parkinson's disease was tested for mood, physical disability, and cognition, before treatment and then during and after a period of levodopa-induced hypersexuality. The effects of different anti-Parkinsonian drugs on cognition and behaviour are described. The unique cognitive data from this case support the hypothesis that hypersexuality is a manifestation of enhanced libido and not frontal disinhibition. PMID- 3256389 TI - Secondary affective disorder in survivor of cardiac arrest. A case report. AB - A case of hypomania following cerebral anoxia due to cardiac arrest is reported. The concept of secondary affective disorder is reviewed and the need for early recognition of such cases is emphasised. PMID- 3256390 TI - Delayed emergence of obsessive-compulsive neurosis following head injury. Case report and review of its theoretical implications. AB - A patient with obsessive-compulsive neurosis arising six months after minor head injury is described. The theoretical implications of this case are discussed. A neuropsychological model to explain the onset of the disorder in this and previously reported cases is suggested. PMID- 3256391 TI - Postpartum mania. PMID- 3256392 TI - Stuttering and anxiety. PMID- 3256393 TI - The mind-body problem. PMID- 3256394 TI - Anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3256395 TI - Photography for anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3256396 TI - Supportive psychotherapy. PMID- 3256397 TI - Calcium and extrapyramidal symptoms. PMID- 3256399 TI - Obstetric complications and schizophrenia. PMID- 3256398 TI - Inadequate seizures in ECT. PMID- 3256400 TI - Third ventricle cyst: a difficult diagnosis. PMID- 3256401 TI - Naloxone treatment for opiate withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 3256402 TI - Temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 3256404 TI - Tuberculosis and leprosy. PMID- 3256403 TI - Capgras' syndrome or prosopagnosia? PMID- 3256405 TI - Simple audit of trainee/trainer consultation profiles as a method of assessing whether non structured surgeries give adequate training. PMID- 3256406 TI - Aneurysm of the interatrial septum and mitral valve prolapse--an aetiological association? PMID- 3256407 TI - Sweet's syndrome and erythema nodosum. PMID- 3256408 TI - Surgical safari. PMID- 3256409 TI - Preventive medicine in general practice: an evaluation of the consultations of ten general practitioners. PMID- 3256410 TI - Trials and tribulations with applications from non-UK nationals for dental postgraduate taught courses in UK. PMID- 3256411 TI - Intestinal fistula: a continuing challenge. PMID- 3256412 TI - Salutary lesson in interpretation of liver palpation at laparotomy for sigmoid carcinoma. PMID- 3256413 TI - A pressure overload model of congestive heart failure in rats. AB - Approximately 32% of the rats used as animal models showed an elevated heart weight/body weight ratio (0.432[SEM 0.022] g.100 g-1 compared to 0.293[0.009] g.100 g-1 for sham-operated rats), a hydrothorax, pulmonary and liver congestion, and specific histological changes 82-93 weeks after surgically induced aortic constriction. The histological changes were comparable to those observed in hearts of people suffering from long term hypertension. Cardiac failure was also confirmed by depressed contractility as measured by maximum and minimum dP/dt (first derivative of left ventricular pressure), which were 4604(346) and 3627(526) mm Hg.sec-1, respectively, compared with 9165(745) and 5835(268) mm Hg.sec-1 respectively in rats that did not develop left ventricular hypertrophy and failure (CLIP rats). Systolic and left ventricular blood pressures measured under anaesthesia were also decreased: 71.6(5.0) and 88.1(6.3) mm Hg respectively in rats with congestive heart failure, compared with 83.6(2.4) and 109.5(3.6) mm Hg in CLIP rats. Except for a prolonged mean PQ interval associated with a lower heart rate and for a slightly shorter QRS interval in the conscious state, the electrocardiograms of rats with congestive heart failure did not show any major abnormalities specific to ventricular hypertrophy and/or failure. This model could be useful for studying the pathology and adaptative mechanisms in compensated pressure overload induced congestive heart failure as well as in studies comparing pathological changes and means of treatment of congestive heart failure with different aetiologies encountered in the human population. PMID- 3256414 TI - Postprandial haemodynamic changes: a source of bias in cardiovascular research affected by its own methodological bias. AB - The effects of heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure of eating a 3100 kJ cold meal were assessed in eight young normal subjects studied in a randomised and balanced crossover study. Blood pressure was measured simultaneously and in the same arm by auscultation of the fossa cubitalis (Korotkoff I, IV, and V), by an automated device with a microphone over the brachial artery (equivalent to Korotkoff I and V), and by graphical analysis of these microphone signals (equivalent to Korotkoff I and IV). Eating caused a rise in mean heart rate, a small rise in systolic blood pressure, and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure, which was overestimated when Korotkoff V rather than Korotkoff IV endpoints were considered. Both the automated device and the graphical analysis yielded acceptable overall quantitative agreement with the auscultatory method. Both alternative methods allowed similar postprandial blood pressure trends to be detected, but the quantitative agreement in estimating the postprandial effects was far less optimal. Eating therefore was shown to cause changes that might distort and confuse the interpretation of cardiovascular data in studies in which subjects are allowed to eat. This source of bias itself appeared to be affected by its own methodological bias. PMID- 3256415 TI - Dynamic behaviour of coronary stenosis in response to increasing heart rate in the dog. AB - In order to assess the responses of coronary stenosis to an elevation of myocardial metabolic demand, the effects of pacing induced tachycardia on systemic and coronary haemodynamics were examined during four grades of compliant coronary stenosis which preserved stenosis vasomotility in eight open chest dogs. Grades of the coronary stenosis were defined as trifling, mild, moderate, and severe by pressure gradients of 12(0.5), 19(1.0), 28(1.4) and 37(1.6) mm Hg (mean [SEM]), respectively. Stepwise increases in heart rate (+30, +60 and +90 beats.min-1) decreased the resistance caused by trifling and mild coronary stenosis by 47(11.9) and 26(8.8)%, respectively, with an increase in coronary blood flow and a decrease in pressure gradient across the stenosis. By contrast, the resistance caused by moderate and severe stenosis increased by 96(24.2) and 148(63.2)%, respectively, with a decrease in coronary blood flow and an increase in pressure gradient. During lower grades of coronary stenosis, flow-dependent dilatation of large epicardial coronary arteries reduced the stenosis severity, whereas during higher grades of stenosis, passive narrowing of the stenosed arterial segment due to arteriolar vasodilatation outstripped the flow-dependent stenosis dilator effects and resulted in an intensification of the stenosis. PMID- 3256416 TI - Structure, stress and tissue repair in aortic valve leaflets. PMID- 3256417 TI - Effect of argon laser irradiation on rabbit aortic smooth muscle: evidence for endothelium independent contraction and relaxation. AB - To study the effect of argon laser irradiation on vascular smooth muscle reactivity, ring segments of rabbit thoracic aorta were mounted isometrically in Krebs bicarbonate buffer. Laser irradiation was performed via a 200-micron core optical fibre interfaced with an argon ion gas laser. Laser irradiation at powers greater than 1.0 watt (W) (n = 34) produced contraction in each case, regardless of the duration of exposure. Conversely, irradiation at powers less than 0.1 W (n = 41) consistently produced relaxation. When the power employed ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 W (n = 100), the typical response consisted of a combination of low amplitude contraction and relaxation. At each power level, the responses observed were independent of the presence or absence of intact endothelium, assessed functionally by the response to acetylcholine and anatomically by scanning electron microscopy. Recordings of tissue temperature profiles performed during continuous-wave laser irradiation suggest that the findings observed in this study may be explained by a combination of heat induced contraction and light induced relaxation. At powers greater than 1.0 W, heat generated by laser irradiation is predominant, causing contraction. At powers less than 0.1 W, light predominates over heat, causing relaxation. When the power range is intermediate between these values, the heterogeneous response recorded reflects the combination of light and heat. In all cases, contraction and relaxation are endothelium independent. PMID- 3256418 TI - Effect of amiloride on contractility of rat cardiac muscle exposed to chronic hypercapnia and acute acidosis. AB - Papillary muscle preparations from rats with normal arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions and from rats which had been maintained with normal oxygen tension but with hypercapnia for 28 days (FICO2 = 5%) were subjected to acute hypercapnia with or without amiloride, a competitive inhibitor of the Na+/H+ pump. Acclimatisation to hypercapnia reduced the slope of the line relating log tension against the extracellular pH from 0.96(SEM0.06) to 0.71(0.07) (p less than 0.02). Amiloride increased the slope in unacclimatised muscle to 1.39(0.09), p less than 0.001 and in muscles acclimatised to hypercapnia to 1.03(0.13), p less than 0.05. The slope in acclimatised muscles was significantly less steep than in unacclimatised muscle (p less than 0.05). The sarcolemmal Na+H+ exchanger is important in the protection of rat cardiac muscle against acute respiratory acidosis. PMID- 3256419 TI - Left ventricular systolic series elastic properties in aortic stenosis before and after valve replacement. AB - In seven patients with aortic valve disease the time course of an auxotonic beat was compared with that of an isovolumetric beat produced by aortic cross clamping during open heart surgery. The rate of systolic stress rise (dS/dt; g.cm-2) of the isovolumetric beat at peak meridional wall stress (Sp; g.cm-2) of the auxotonic beat was determined by tipmanometry and simultaneous sonomicrometry and was found to be 87% of maximum dS/dt. In the second part of the study the stiffness index (k) was calculated in patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation according to: k = 0.87.(max.dS/dt)/Sp.Vcf, where Vcf = normalised midwall circumferential fibre shortening velocity (circ.s-1). In 22 patients, 10 controls and 12 patients with aortic stenosis before (pre) and after (post) valve replacement the systolic stiffness index k (circ-1) was determined using tipmanometry and frame by frame angiocardiography. Muscle fibre diameter and interstitial fibrosis were assessed from left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies. The systolic stiffness index k was 15 circ-1 in controls, 14 in preoperative patients with aortic stenosis and 12 (p less than 0.01 v controls) in postoperative patients. There was a significant correlation between k and muscle fibre diameter (r = 0.55; p less than 0.01) but not between k and interstitial fibrosis or ejection fraction. We conclude that systolic stiffness index k is normal despite marked left ventricular hypertrophy in preoperative patients with aortic stenosis. Following successful valve replacement systolic stiffness index decreased and was significantly lower than in controls. Series elasticity appears to be determined by structures related to the muscle cell rather than to interstitial fibrosis. PMID- 3256420 TI - Alterations in left ventricular compliance due to changes in right ventricular volume, pressure and compliance. AB - Because of ventricular interdependence, part of the measured left ventricular diastolic pressure can be attributed to the right ventricle. Therefore, we examined the hypothesis that left ventricular diastolic properties are modified by alterations in right ventricular compliance and pressure even without a change in right ventricular volume. To examine this hypothesis, the hearts were removed from six dogs, the coronary arteries perfused with cool cardioplegic solution, and the hearts submerged in cool cardioplegic solution. Balloons were inserted into each ventricle. Left ventricular pressure-volume curves were recorded and approximated by an exponential equation. With no fluid in the right ventricular balloon (control), the exponential coefficient and constant were 0.038 (SD 0.004) ml-1 and 2.38(0.75) mm Hg respectively. With right ventricular pressure held constant at 20 mm Hg, the exponential coefficient and constant were 0.035(0.002) ml-1 and 3.71(1.64) mm Hg (p less than 0.05 v control constant), respectively. With a fixed right ventricular volume, the exponential coefficient and constant were significantly different (p less than 0.05 v control values) at 0.040(0.006) ml-1 and 2.81(0.96) mm Hg, respectively. After decreasing right ventricular free wall compliance by injecting glutaraldehyde into the right coronary artery, the exponential coefficient and constant were significantly different (p less than 0.01 v control values) at 0.058(0.010) ml-1 and 1.86(0.60) mm Hg, respectively. Thus, even with a constant right ventricular pressure or volume, a significant upward shift in the left ventricular pressure-volume relation occurred. Decreasing right ventricular free wall compliance further increased left ventricular pressure. The results of these studies indicate that the diastolic properties of the left ventricle can be modified by changes in right ventricular pressure and compliance even without a change right ventricular volume. Thus indices of left ventricular diastolic properties may be altered by changes in the characteristics of the right ventricle. PMID- 3256421 TI - Do overlapping vessels protect against canine right ventricular infarction after right coronary artery occlusion? AB - The severity of ischaemia in the left ventricle from total coronary occlusion is modified by retrograde blood flow through collateral or overlapping vessels, but whether that is true for the right ventricle is not known. The consequences and extent of ischaemic damage from occlusion of the right coronary artery were studied in anaesthetised dogs. In group 1 (n = 9), the right coronary artery alone was occluded; in group 2 (n = 8), the right coronary artery and overlapping vessels from the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries were occluded. Occlusion for 2 h caused right ventricular end diastolic pressure to increase by 2.8(SEM 0.4) mm Hg in group 1 (p less than 0.05) and by 1.9(0.5) mm Hg in group 2 (p less than 0.05). Fractional shortening in the ischaemic zone became akinetic in group 1: 12.0(1.4)% v 0.1(1.6)%; p less than 0.05; and dyskinetic in group 2: 12.1(2.1)% v -1.2(0.9)%; p less than 0.05. In both groups, fractional shortening remained depressed during the ensuing 2 h of reperfusion. The incidence of right ventricular free wall necrosis was 56% in group 1 but 100% in group 2 (p = 0.082). The area of necrosis, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, was 13.9(6.6)% in group 1 in contrast to 66.9(4.5)% in group 2 (p less than 0.05). Both groups had equal involvement of the subendocardial and subepicardial layers. We conclude that ligating epicardial overlapping vessels in addition to the right coronary artery produces a larger area of right ventricular free wall necrosis. PMID- 3256422 TI - Pharmacological response of quinidine induced early afterdepolarisations in canine cardiac Purkinje fibres: insights into underlying ionic mechanisms. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to study the pharmacological response of quinidine induced early afterdepolarisations to gain insights into underlying ionic mechanisms. Quinidine (8.5 microM) induced stable early afterdepolarisations at low activation frequencies in 80% of canine cardiac Purkinje fibres superfused with a modified Tyrode's solution. Early afterdepolarisations arose from a secondary plateau in the voltage range of -30 to -60 mV. Calcium channel blockers (verapamil, 1 microM, in 3/6 preparations; verapamil, 10 microM in 6/6 preparations; nifedipine, 0.1 microM in 5/5 preparations) completely eliminated early afterdepolarisations, despite continued quinidine superfusion, without altering the underlying action potential. Isoprenaline (0.2-1 microM) restored them in 75% of these preparations during continued calcium blocker superfusion. Tetrodotoxin (5/5 preparations) eliminated early afterdepolarisations by abbreviating action potentials and reducing or eliminating the quinidine induced secondary plateau. While low concentrations of isoprenaline favoured the occurrence of early afterdepolarisations, larger concentrations eliminated them by enhancing spontaneous automaticity. These experiments suggest that voltage dependent and/or receptor regulated slow inward current plays an important role in quinidine induced early afterdepolarisations. Beta receptor stimulation can enhance or suppress early afterdepolarisations, depending on whether effects on slow inward current (tending to favour them) or on automaticity (suppressing them) predominate. PMID- 3256424 TI - Reduced lipid peroxidation in dilated hearts of cardiomyopathic turkeys. AB - Adverse pulmonary reactions to some nitrofuran antibiotics are thought, in part, to involve production of reactive oxygen radicals. Furazolidone, a nitrofuran antibiotic, causes a dilated cardiomyopathy in domestic turkeys. The mechanism of this drug induced cardiomyopathy is unknown. We investigated the possible role of free radical injury in this heart failure model. Left ventricular lipid peroxidation capacity, assessed by two methods (the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides assays respectively), was investigated in five 5-8 week old cardiomyopathic turkeys with severe cardiac dilatation, left ventricular dysfunction and systemic hypotension, and in five control birds. Superoxide dismutase activity, total and manganese, was also measured in the crude left ventricular homogenates. Both lipid peroxidation products were reduced in the myopathic hearts: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (malondialdehyde) 70(SEM 4) v 86(3) nmol.100 mg protein-1 in controls, p less than 0.02; and lipid hydroperoxides 29(7) v 74(14) nmol.100 mg protein-1, p less than 0.02. Total superoxide dismutase activity was similar in cardiomyopathic and control hearts: 670(26) v 657(105) nitrite units.100 mg protein-1. Although total superoxide dismutase activity was unchanged, we found decreased manganese superoxide dismutase in the dilated hearts compared with controls (54% v 84% of total activity, p less than 0.02). In separate in vitro experiments furazolidone (2-10 mg.g wet weight-1) did not increase malondialdehyde production in turkey (or rat) left ventricular homogenates. These results indicate that cardiomyopathy induced by furazolidone is associated with decreased myocardial lipid peroxidation. Although as yet unexplained, the decrease may be due to a diminished amount of heart lipid susceptible to peroxidation accompanying the process of cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3256423 TI - Pacing and reperfusion induced arrhythmias: protection by slow heart rate in the rat heart. AB - Using the isolated perfused rat heart with transient (10 min) regional ischaemia induced by coronary artery ligation, we have shown that slow heart rate can dramatically reduce the vulnerability of the myocardium to reperfusion induced ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. In the heart rate range of 200-400 beats.min-1, slower heart rates exerted a frequency dependent protective effect against reperfusion induced arrhythmias. At the optimal rate of 200 beats.min-1, the incidence of total ventricular fibrillation (irreversible plus reversible) and ventricular tachycardia fell to 33% and 50% of their control values (100%). The anti-arrhythmic effect was achieved with only a minor (less than 20%) effect on coronary flow. To ascertain whether or not slow heart rate achieved an absolute reduction in vulnerability to arrhythmias irrespective of the duration of ischaemia, hearts were also subjected to 5, 10, 20, 30 or 40 min of ischaemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion with and without pacing at 200 beats.min-1. A bellshaped time-response profile was obtained in both groups. In unpaced controls (n = 12) this gave a maximal vulnerability to arrhythmias after 10 min of ischaemia. In the paced hearts (n = 12) the curve was shifted to the right, with a peak vulnerability at 20 min. These results show that the action of pacing is to exert a delaying effect which extends the duration of ischaemia that can be tolerated before the heart becomes vulnerable to reperfusion induced arrhythmias. Heart rate can have a substantial effect on reperfusion induced arrhythmias and should be considered when making therapeutic interventions and risk assessments in this setting. PMID- 3256425 TI - Depletion of myocardial glutathione: its effects on heart function and metabolism during ischaemia and reperfusion. AB - To determine the importance of intracellular reactive oxygen metabolites in ischaemia and reperfusion, rat hearts were depleted of glutathione, a major intracellular antioxidant, prior to total global or low flow ischaemia. Chronic pretreatment of rats with up to 7 mmol.kg-1 L-buthionine-S,R-sulphoximine over a period of 96 hours resulted in 85% depletion of total myocardial glutathione. Subsequent recovery of glutathione after treatment with the sulphoximine was slow, reaching only 54% of control levels, 96 hours after the final dose. Depletion of myocardial glutathione by 70% did not increase the metabolic consequences of either total global or low flow ischaemia in the isolated perfused heart, as determined by 31P NMR spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of purine release. During low flow ischaemia glutathione depletion caused a significant reduction in purine release. On reperfusion, functional recovery was depressed compared to controls. Hearts depleted of glutathione also showed a decrease in developed tension during normoxic perfusion prior to low flow ischaemia. There was no difference between the two groups before or after total global ischaemia. These results do not support the hypothesis of free radical mediated reperfusion injury; however, the method described here for the depletion of glutathione should prove a useful tool for further investigation into the role of glutathione in cardiac metabolism and function. PMID- 3256426 TI - Application of a time varying elastance model to right ventricular performance in man. AB - To evaluate instantaneous right ventricular pressure-volume relations we studied nine patients with normal coronary anatomy and ventricular function with simultaneous high fidelity pressure, flow-velocity, and biplane cineventriculographic volumes (60 frames.s-1) during atrial pacing at 93(SD5) beats-min-1, partial autonomic blockade, and pharmacologically altered ventricular loading. The maximum time varying elastance, Emax, was defined as the maximum slope of isochronal, simultaneous pressure-volume data points derived by linear regression analysis from three loading conditions. The slope of the non isochronal maximum pressure/volume ratio, pressure at minimum volume, end ejection pressure/volume, and peak right ventricular pressure/minimum volume were also derived from the three loading conditions. The mean slope for Emax was 1.30(0.84) mm Hg.ml-1 (range 0.62-2.87) and the volume axis intercept at zero pressure (Vo) was 46(21) ml (range 24-89 ml). Time dependent Emax was characterised by a series of parallel shifting lines of best fit with large changes in Vo in addition to changes in the slope of the pressure volume relations. Only maximum pressure/volume ratio and peak pressure/minimum volume were linearly related to Emax (r = 0.82 and 0.84 respectively, p = 0.05) while pressure at minimum volume and end ejection pressure/volume did not correlate with Emax. We conclude that in normal human subjects (1) right ventricular systolic function may be approximated using a time varying elastance model characterised by a time dependent Vo; (2) end systolic pressure-volume relations using maximum pressure/volume ratio and peak pressure/minimum volume systematically estimate Emax; and (3) other right ventricular end systolic pressure-volume relations near end ejection bear no obvious relation to Emax because of the wide temporal separation between peak systolic elastance and end ejection in this chamber. PMID- 3256427 TI - Significance of right atrial function during right sided inotropic stimulation of pig hearts in situ. AB - Cardiac adjustments to inotropic stimulation of the right side of the heart were examined in anaesthetised, open chest pigs by calcium chloride infusion (80 mumol.min-1) into the right coronary artery. At stable haemodynamic conditions and at constant heart rate, right ventricular (RV) pre-ejection segment length increased by 4.6 (2.7-7.2) % (median, 95 % confidence interval) (p less than 0.01), RV end diastolic pressure rose from 5.3 (3.4-7.7) to 6.0 (3.6-8.8) mm Hg (p less than 0.05), and stroke volume rose by 6.8 (4.2-10.8) % (p less than 0.001). When the effect of right atrial contraction on RV filling was excluded by simultaneous pacing of atria and ventricles, the RV pre-ejection segment length no longer increased, and stroke volume rose by only 3.5 (0.1-9.5) % (p less than 0.05) during right side inotropic stimulation. Right atrial inotropic stimulation improves right ventricular filling, and may cause redistribution of blood from the systemic to the pulmonary circulation. This redistribution would raise the pulmonary vascular pressures, and thereby also improve left ventricular filling. The improved right ventricular filling partly accounts for the rise in RV output. PMID- 3256428 TI - Effects of graded intensity of oxygen deficiency on function and energy metabolism in post-ischaemic myocardium. AB - The effect of graded ischaemic injury on post-ischaemic myocardium was examined in rat hearts after three 4 min periods of asphyxia. Systolic function under steady state conditions and during isovolumic beats, the content of high energy phosphates and glycogen, and myocardial material properties were determined. Severity of the oxygen deficiency was varied by manipulating myocardial oxygen demand (MVO2) either by rapid atrial pacing or by vagal stimulation. After 20 min of post-asphyxial recovery, steady state haemodynamics were almost normal. In the high MVO2 group (atrial pacing) the dp/dtmax was reduced to 90%(NS). The isovolumic indices of function were decreased in all post-asphyxial groups. This was most pronounced in the high MVO2 group, with a reduction in peak left ventricular systolic pressure to 85.7 (SEM 3.4)% and a decrease in peak left ventricular systolic stress to 82.3(3.9)% (p less than 0.01). The post-asphyxial myocardial performance recovered better in the low MVO2 group (vagal stimulation). Material properties were altered only in the high MVO2 group. The decreased content of ATP and glycogen were comparable in all post-asphyxial groups. A phosphocreatine overshoot phenomenon was most marked in the high MVO2 group: 11.4(2.8) mumol.g-1 v 4.7(0.9) mumol.g-1 (control), p less than 0.01. The results indicate that post-ischaemic contractile dysfunction of reversibly injured is not closely related to the previous O2 deficit or to the functional impairment. We also obtained no correlation between ATP content and material properties in modestly injured post-ischaemic myocardium. PMID- 3256429 TI - A non-linear elastic model of contraction of ischaemic segments. AB - Previous studies have characterised the motion of the myocardium using a linear time varying elastance model, ie, they have sought to characterise the relationship between left ventricular volume and internal pressure as linear, but with time varying slopes over the cardiac cycle. However, the motion of myocardium during regional ischaemia has not been characterized by such models. Studies of totally ischaemic tissue and of myocardium in diastole have characterised the relationship between tension or stress and segment length as exponential. It is the purpose of this study to present a new model in which myocardial contraction is expressed as an exponential, but time varying elastic relationship. In this model tension, T, is related to segment length according to the formula T = e alpha(t)L + beta, where alpha(t) rises with systole and falls in diastole. This model was applied to the motion of hypokinetic segments noted in a series of conscious dogs studied for other purposes. Hypokinetic segments display early systolic bulging, decreased systolic shortening, and early diastolic recoil. These particular types of segment motion are naturally predicted by this model. Furthermore, the motion of myocardial segments as they become increasingly ischaemic may be predicted, including a gradual shift to the right and narrowing of the tension-length loop. alpha was noted to be independent of loading change, and thus may be viewed as an index of contractility. This model thus predicts the pattern of motion of hypokinetic segments and provides new insight into myocardial contractility. PMID- 3256430 TI - Indomethacin, but not oxygen tension, affects the sensitivity of isolated neonatal rabbit ductus arteriosus, but not aorta, to noradrenaline. AB - The effects of increasing oxygen tension from fetal to neonatal levels and of incubation in the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, on the response of isolated rings of neonatal rabbit ductus arteriosus and aorta to noradrenaline were studied in vitro. Increasing oxygen tension did not affect the sensitivity, as measured by the pEC50, of either vessel to noradrenaline. Incubation with indomethacin increased ductal sensitivity to noradrenaline tenfold, but had no effect on the aortic response. Since indomethacin caused the ductus arteriosus to contract (by the removal of dilator prostaglandins), the effect of increased muscular tone per se on the response to noradrenaline was investigated by eliciting a contracture by potassium induced depolarisation. This procedure did not alter the vessel's sensitivity to noradrenaline and reduced its maximum response (indomethacin had increased the maximum response). It is concluded that intramurally synthesised cyclo-oxygenase products, most probably prostaglandins, attenuate the sensitivity of the ductus arteriosus to noradrenaline. PMID- 3256431 TI - Superoxide dismutase plus catalase improves post-ischaemic recovery in the diabetic heart. AB - Streptozotocin induced diabetic rat hearts were perfused under constant flow conditions with or without 1 x 10(5) U.litre-1 each of superoxide dismutase and catalase (SOD + CAT). Total global ischaemia was produced for 20 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion at pre-ischaemic flow rates. After 5 min of reperfusion, isovolumic LV developed pressure was reduced in diabetic hearts, at 22 (SEM 11)% of baseline v 67(12)% in controls, with increased frequency of ventricular fibrillation (VF) (3/10 v 10/11 hearts). SOD + CAT improved isovolumic LV developed pressure to 67(8)% of baseline during early reperfusion of diabetic hearts but did not affect non-diabetic hearts. SOD + CAT also increased the adenylate energy charge potential in post-ischaemic diabetic hearts to 0.826(0.011) v 0.781(0.012) in diabetic controls, and reduced the incidence and duration of reperfusion induced VF in diabetic hearts. SOD + CAT augmented the production of prostacyclin in coronary effluents during early reperfusion of diabetic hearts, from (baseline) 11.5(1.7) to 18.1(3.0) ng.min-1.g-1 at 2 min, compared with 11.1(1.6) to 12.5(1.9) ng.min-1.g-1 at same interval in diabetic controls. Indomethacin prevented the protective effect of the free radical scavengers on function and VF. In contrast, perfusion with the prostacyclin analogue, iloprost (3 x 10(-8) M), alone completely prevented early post ischaemic dysfunction and reduced VF from 559(172) to 16(8) s. Oxygen derived free radicals may mediate reperfusion induced contractile dysfunction and VF in acutely diabetic hearts following brief episodes of myocardial ischaemia. The beneficial effects of SOD + CAT appear to be mediated mainly by an increase in prostacyclin production during early reperfusion. PMID- 3256432 TI - Protective effect of exogenous fructose-1,6-diphosphate in cardiogenic shock. AB - The effect of intravenous fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) infusion on haemodynamic and biochemical variables was studied in dogs after ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. In the control series cardiogenic shock was present in every case 4 h after ligation. In FDP treated animals 4 h after ligation there was no fall in cardiac output and the systolic blood pressure was restored to pre-ligation values. Levels of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), a highly specific indicator of myocardial cell damage, rose in the shocked (no FDP given) group, but remained low in the FDP treated group, equalling the levels measured in sham operated (no ligation) dogs. Samples of myocardium were taken from infarcted and adjacent normal regions 4 h after ligation for biochemical analysis. CK-MB concentrations in the infarcted region did not change from normal levels with FDP infusion; in the infarcted region lactate concentration (mumol.g-1 wet weight) fell from 18.48 in the control group to 7.90 in the FDP treated group. ATP levels in the infarcted region remained the same as those in the adjacent normal region with FDP treatment. It is concluded that infusion of FDP improves myocardial performance and metabolism following acute myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 3256433 TI - [Congenital retinal arterial loop and photocoagulation]. PMID- 3256434 TI - [Value of peripheral retinopexy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy with hemorrhage of the vitreous body. A 5-year study]. PMID- 3256435 TI - [Incidence of degenerative lesions of the retinal periphery. Study on 7183 eyes examined systematically by 85 ophthalmologists in daily practice]. PMID- 3256436 TI - [Cleaning of implants with the nanosecond YAG laser]. PMID- 3256438 TI - [30 years' use of a refractor]. PMID- 3256437 TI - [Retinotomies with the nanosecond YAG laser. Apropos of 21 cases]. PMID- 3256439 TI - [Values of the automatic refractometer in ophthalmologic practice]. PMID- 3256440 TI - [Amblyopia-strabismus-nystagmus. Contribution of automatic refractometry without their optical correction]. PMID- 3256441 TI - [Our experience with automated perimetry using an ophthalmologic monitor]. PMID- 3256442 TI - [Treatment of facial spasm and strabismus with oculinum]. PMID- 3256443 TI - [Respective contributions of x-ray computed tomography and MRI in the diagnosis of meningioma of the optic nerve]. PMID- 3256445 TI - [A difficult diagnosis: malignant melanoma of the choroid. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3256444 TI - [Value of x-ray computed tomography in orbital cellulitis]. PMID- 3256446 TI - Stressful life events in the pathogenesis of Cushing's syndrome. AB - Some clinical observations suggested that stressful life events may play an aetiological role in Cushing's syndrome. However, there are no controlled investigations using standardized methods of life events assessment to substantiate this hypothesis. Events in the year before the first signs of disease onset were investigated in 30 consecutive patients with Cushing's syndrome (26 with a pituitary-dependent form, three with an adrenal adenoma, and one with an adrenal carcinoma) and 30 control subjects matched for sociodemographic variables by means of Paykel's Interview for Recent Life Events. Patients with Cushing's syndrome reported significantly more stressful life events than a normal control group (P less than 0.001) and had significantly more of the following: exits (P less than 0.05), undesirable (P less than 0.01) and uncontrolled (P less than 0.01) events. More events that had an objective negative impact (P less than 0.001) and more independent events (unlikely to be a consequence of the illness; P less than 0.001) were also reported. Such ratings were carried out by an independent rater unaware whether the event had occurred in patients or controls. The results are suggestive of a causal relationship between stressful life events and Cushing's syndrome. Such relationship largely pertains to the hypothalamic-pituitary forms of the illness. This is in agreement with a multifactorial model of pathogenesis in Cushing's disease and with current understanding of the complex interdependence of neurophysiological, biochemical and behavioural factors. PMID- 3256448 TI - A sequential histopathological study of dermographism. PMID- 3256447 TI - Secretion of intact PTH by dispersed human hyperparathyroid cells. AB - The rate of secretion of intact PTH by cells dispersed from adenomatous and hyperplastic human parathyroid tissue was measured using a two-site immunochemiluminometric assay specific for the intact peptide. Secretion rates were monitored following incubation in high and low-calcium media. The mean rate of secretion from hyperplastic cells was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) at low calcium and significantly more suppressible at high calcium (P less than 0.01) compared with adenomatous cells. These studies have demonstrated: (1) the calcium-dependent secretion of intact PTH, (2) that intact hormone release contributes to the non-suppressible component of secretion, and (3) differences in the secretory characteristics of adenomatous and hyperplastic parathyroid cells. PMID- 3256449 TI - Eosinophilic cellulitis (Well's syndrome) with florid histological changes. PMID- 3256450 TI - Abnormalities in clinically normal skin--a possible explanation of the 'angry back syndrome'. PMID- 3256451 TI - Sweet's syndrome, plantar pustulosis and vulval pustules. PMID- 3256452 TI - Purpuric palmar lichen nitidus--an unusual though distinctive eruption. PMID- 3256453 TI - Reactivation of cutaneous radionecrosis associated with methotrexate therapy for psoriasis. PMID- 3256454 TI - Malignant melanoma arising in the scar of lupus vulgaris and response to treatment with topical azelaic acid. PMID- 3256455 TI - Bullous eruptions following chlormethiazole overdose. PMID- 3256456 TI - Delayed onset of inflammatory nodules following hay fever desensitization injections. PMID- 3256457 TI - Arterio-venous shunt dermatitis in chronic renal failure patients on maintenance haemodialysis. PMID- 3256458 TI - Two atypical fibroxanthomas arising separately in X-irradiated skin. PMID- 3256459 TI - IgG4 and IgE antibodies in atopic dermatitis and urticaria. PMID- 3256460 TI - Delayed pressure urticaria inhibition of induced lesions by adrenaline. PMID- 3256461 TI - Severe periorbital oedema in association with lupus erythematosus profundus. PMID- 3256462 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with Behcet's syndrome--response to thalidomide. PMID- 3256463 TI - Mediators of heat urticaria. PMID- 3256464 TI - Orofacial granulomatosis with positive Kveim test. PMID- 3256465 TI - Treatment of psoriasis with a combination of dithranol and coal tar. PMID- 3256466 TI - [The interrelationships of hepatitis B e antigen antibody and HBsAg-circulating immune complexes in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers]. AB - The prevalence of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and positive rate of HBsAg immune complexes (HBsAg-CICs) were comparatively higher among Chinese. The former is considered to be related with hepatitis B e antigen and the latter is not clear yet. In order to investigate the relationship between HBsAg-CICs and e antigen antibody among asymptomatic carriers. 90 subjects of carriers was tested for HBsAg-CICs by PEG-trypsinisation method and for e antigen antibody by radio immunoassay. HBsAg-CICs were positive in 66 subjects among 90 carriers. The concentration of HBsAg-CICs (ng/ml) was significantly higher among 32 subjects with positive HBeAg (333.87 +/- 265.39) than 27 subjects with positive anti-HBe (181.03 +/- 162.05), p less than 0.02. Furthermore, the positive rate of e antigen and e antibody was just contrary among carriers with positive and negative HBsAg-CICs. Among 24 subjects with negative HBsAg-CICs, the percentage of positive HBeAg was much lower than positive e antibody. A significant interrelationship was present between positive or negative HBsAg-CICs and e antigen, antibody, the statistically significant was proved by the Chi square test. The above results showed that the high prevalence of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers among Chinese may be related to e antigen. PMID- 3256467 TI - Initial limb budding is independent of apical ectodermal ridge activity; evidence from a limbless mutant. AB - Outgrowth of normal chick limb bud mesoderm is dependent on the presence of a specialized epithelium called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ectodermal ridge is induced by the mesoderm at about the time of limb bud formation. The limbless mutation in the chick affects apical ectodermal ridge formation in the limb buds of homozygotes. The initial formation of the limb bud appears to be unaffected by the mutation but no ridge develops and further outgrowth, which is normally dependent on the ridge, does not take place. As a result, limbless chicks develop without limbs. In the present study, which utilized a pre-limb-bud recombinant technique, limbless mesoderm induced an apical ectodermal ridge in grafted normal flank ectoderm. However, at stages when normal flank ectoderm is capable of responding to ridge induction, limbless flank ectoderm did not form a ridge or promote outgrowth of a limb in response to normal presumptive wing bud mesoderm. We conclude from this that the limbless mutation affects the ability of the ectoderm to form a ridge. In addition, because the limbless ectoderm has no morphological ridge and no apparent ridge activity (i.e. it does not stabilize limb elements in stage-18 limb bud mesoderm), the limbless mutant demonstrates that the initial formation of the limb bud is independent of apical ectodermal ridge activity. PMID- 3256468 TI - Patterns of fibronectin gene expression and splicing during cell migration in chicken embryos. AB - A variety of evidence suggests that fibronectin (FN) promotes cell migration during embryogenesis, and it has been suggested that the deposition of FN along migratory pathways may also play a role in cell guidance. In order to investigate such a role for FN, it is important to determine the relative contribution of migrating and pathway-forming cells to the FN in the migratory track, as any synthesis of FN by the migrating cells might be expected to mask guidance cues provided by the exogenous FN from pathway-forming cells. We have therefore used in situ hybridization to determine in developing chicken embryos the distribution and alternative splicing of FN mRNA during three different cell migrations known to occur through FN-rich environments; neural crest cell migration, mesenchymal cell migration in the area vasculosa and endocardial cushion cell migration in the heart. Our results show that trunk neural crest cells do not contain significant FN mRNA during their initial migration. In contrast, migrating mesenchymal cells of the area vasculosa and endocardial cushion cells both contain abundant FN mRNA. Furthermore, the FN mRNA in these migrating mesenchymal and endocardial cells appears to be spliced in a manner identical with that present in the cells adjacent to their pathways. This in vivo evidence for FN synthesis by migrating and pathway cells argues against a generalized role for exogenously produced FN as a guidance mechanism for cell migration. PMID- 3256469 TI - Beige granules as a cell marker for clonal analysis in kidney and liver of mouse aggregation chimaeras, and three-dimensional reconstruction from serial paraffin sections. AB - Anomalous giant granules of beige (bg) mice have been used as a cell marker in the study of cell lineage of mast cells. Similar granules are known to exist in other tissues including kidney proximal tubules and liver parenchymal cells. In the present study, these granules were found to give yellow or orange autofluorescence when the tissue had been fixed with formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Thus, the granules can be used as a cell marker that can be visualized in serial paraffin sections without any specific histochemical staining. Chimaeric mice were produced by aggregation of 8-cell-stage embryos of beige (C57BL/6J-bgJ/bgJ) and A/J strains. The chimaeric liver showed beige cell patches with complicated shapes, although the patches frequently conformed to the shape of parenchymal cell cord or plate structures. In chimaeric kidney, beige cells formed coherent patches in the proximal tubules. The tubules were found to contain more than one clone. The patches frequently had long extended shapes suggesting growth of the clone along the tubule axis. Three-dimensional image reconstruction from the serial paraffin sections was carried out with the aid of a computer-assisted image analysis system, resulting in a clearer image of the patch shape. PMID- 3256470 TI - The localization of laminin mRNA and protein in the postimplantation embryo and placenta of the mouse: an in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical study. AB - In situ hybridization (ISH) and immunocytochemistry were used to localize sites of synthesis and deposition of the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin during development in the postimplantation mouse embryo and extraembryonic membranes. In addition, similar studies were performed on postnatal viscera during the first 20 days after birth. Up to 10 days post coitum, embryonic laminin synthesis was confined to parietal endoderm. In maternal tissue, intense laminin mRNA expression was detected in decidual cells in the mesometrial and antimesometrial endometrium at 5-7 days. At 10 days, uniform expression was still seen within the mesometrial endometrium, with higher levels around migrating trophoblast, but in the antimesometrial aspect expression was restricted to the basal zone. High levels of mRNA expression persisted in parietal endoderm throughout gestation but much lower levels were detected in visceral yolk sac. In the mature placenta, laminin mRNA expression was also found associated with fetal vessels in the labyrinth and giant cells at the fetal/maternal boundary. In the embryo, the external limiting membrane of the cerebral vesicles and spinal cord stained for laminin protein and detectable mRNA was found in the pia mater. Growing peripheral nerves and dorsal and ventral root fibres expressed laminin mRNA and stained for laminin protein. Laminin mRNA expression was found in ureteric buds and nephrogenic vesicles (but not in metanephric blastema) during early prenatal kidney development, and in glomeruli, Bowman's capsule, loops of Henle and collecting duct cells at later stages of development, and after birth. All these structures possessed laminin-rich basement membrane (BM). Laminin mRNA expression fell to below detectable levels in the kidney around weaning. In the gut, laminin expression and protein staining was confined to the muscularis externa and the lamina propria during embryogenesis. After birth, the muscularis externa, muscularis mucosa and lamina propria cells corresponding to fibroblasts had detectable laminin mRNA, but in adult gut no laminin mRNA could be demonstrated in any cell type. In liver, low levels of laminin mRNA were seen in the capsule and in periportal connective tissue. After birth, laminin mRNA was associated with intrahepatic bile channels; no laminin mRNA was detected in the parenchyma and protein deposition was restricted to blood sinus BM. In the adult liver, no laminin mRNA was detected in any cell type. The developing heart showed uniform expression of laminin mRNA from 12 days to before birth. Postnatally, labelling was restricted to connective tissue cells. PMID- 3256471 TI - The pattern of cell death in fushi tarazu, a segmentation gene of Drosophila. AB - The pair-rule mutant, fushi tarazu, causes deletion of alternate metameres. Here we show that there is cell death in the mutant which begins at the completion of germ band extension. We map the dying cells in the epidermis; they occur scattered all over those regions that, in the wild type, would form the even numbered parasegments and are also found in posterior parts of the odd-numbered parasegments. In the affected zones, dying and dividing cells are intermingled; we suggest that cells from these zones may still give descendents that contribute to the larval cuticle. Cell death is not limited to those cells that would normally express ftz+, suggesting that it is some indirect consequence of the abnormal situation in the mutant embryo. PMID- 3256472 TI - Cytogenetic study of silver-staining NOR in 8-cell-stage mouse blastomeres fused to 1-cell-stage embryos. AB - Isolated blastomeres from 8- to 16-cell-stage embryos were fused by standard micromanipulatory means with either unfertilized eggs or fertilized or haploid parthenogenetically activated pronuclear-stage embryos. The hybrid eggs/embryos were incubated overnight in the presence of Colcemid until they had entered the first cleavage division. Air-dried chromosome preparations were then stained with silver nitrate in order to detect active nucleolar organizing regions (NOR). While control unfertilized eggs and 1-cell-stage fertilized and parthenogenetically activated embryos showed no evidence of silver-staining NOR positive regions, the metaphase plates from 8- to 16-cell embryos showed characteristic NOR-positive regions, while their interphase nuclei also showed a characteristic reticular staining appearance. When hybrids between blastomere nuclei and unfertilized eggs were examined, none of the blastomere nuclei entered mitosis. However, when hybrids between blastomere nuclei and fertilized embryos were examined, in two thirds of the embryos, a single blastomere-derived diploid metaphase plate was present in association with two pronuclear-derived haploid metaphase plates. In most instances, the blastomere-derived chromosomes did not display silver-nitrate-staining NOR. Similar findings were observed when the blastomere-derived chromosomes in hybrids between blastomere nuclei and haploid parthenogenetic embryos were analysed. In the majority of cases, when blastomere nuclei remained in interphase, the characteristic silver-nitrate-staining fine reticular material either was not seen, or the nuclear contents were dispersed into clumps of chromatin-like material. Occasionally, the diploid chromosomes in the hybrids displayed morphological abnormalities. Our findings suggest that the cytoplasm of activated (but not nonactivated) 1-cell embryos is capable of influencing the nucleolar activity of the introduced 8- to 16-cell nuclei, effectively erasing from their chromosomes the memory of at least three previous rounds of rRNA synthesis. PMID- 3256473 TI - Requirements for X-linked zygotic gene activity during cellularization of early Drosophila embryos. AB - To examine the requirements for X-chromosomal transcription during precellular stages of Drosophila embryogenesis, attached X-chromosomes and XY translocations were used to generate embryos deficient for large cytologically defined regions of that chromosome. Embryos that lack all X-chromosome material ('nullo-X embryos') develop normally to the cycle-14 syncytial blastoderm stage, but fail to partition their nuclei to single cells during cellularization. The cellularization defects can first be detected in the abnormal distribution of cortical actin and nuclei during early cycle 14. The same defects are produced by deletions of only a single region on the X-chromosome, between 6F and 7A. Nullo-X embryos carrying a duplication of this region cellularize and develop normally to the onset of gastrulation. PMID- 3256474 TI - Specifications for identity and purity of certain food additives. Antioxidants, enzyme preparations, flavouring agents, flavour enhancers, food colours, sweetening agents, thickening agents, miscellaneous food additives. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. PMID- 3256475 TI - [Surgical method of sagittal splitting of the mandibular ramus. The Obweger-Dal Pont method]. PMID- 3256476 TI - [Incidence and severity of denture stomatitis in wearers of complete upper dentures]. PMID- 3256477 TI - [The effect of selenium on the acid-solubility of the incisor enamel in rats kept on normal feed and on a low-protein diet]. PMID- 3256478 TI - [Homodent-1, a new state of the art Hungarian amalgam]. PMID- 3256479 TI - [Environmental bacteriologic study of dental offices]. PMID- 3256480 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of enamel and dentin changes in incipient caries]. PMID- 3256481 TI - [A new combined therapeutic method for the management of extensive epithelial carcinoma of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3256482 TI - [Dental treatment under anesthesia in institutionalized mentally retarded patients]. PMID- 3256483 TI - AIDS. PMID- 3256484 TI - Epidemiology of trachoma in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. AB - A detailed study was made of the prevalence and associations of trachoma in a prospective, randomised population based study of 9058 Palestinian Arabs living in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and in a prospective study of 1,000 consecutive unselected ophthalmic outpatients at St John Ophthalmic Hospital, Jerusalem. Trachoma was found to be widely distributed throughout the two regions. This chiefly occurred as a mild, self limited disease, interspersed with discontinuous pockets of blinding disease. The highest prevalence was found in the Hebron and Jericho districts. Sub-populations at increased relative risk included females, older age groups, rural dwellers, patients with pre-disabling or disabling lesions, and patients with moderate to severe active trachoma. An increased recovery of bacteria by culture of the lids and conjunctiva of patients with moderate to severe trachoma was noted. Prevalences of lacrimal disease, dacryocystitis, and acute bacterial ulcer were significantly greater among outpatients with trachoma than among those without trachoma. No difference in prevalence of either mucopurulent conjunctivitis or herpetic dendritic keratitis was demonstrated between patients with and without trachoma. An increased prevalence of trachoma was found in communities without a continuous year-round supply of running water compared with communities with this facility. PMID- 3256485 TI - Herbert's pits and lid concretions: an important association. AB - A prospective study of 2,000 eyes of 1,000 consecutive unselected ophthalmic outpatients showed that Herbert's pits and superior tarsal conjunctival concretions are significantly associated conditions. Fifty per cent of eyes with Herbert's pits were found to have superior tarsal conjunctival concretions, compared with four per cent of eyes without Herbert's pits. Furthermore, a strong correlation between the degree of Herbert's pits and the degree of development of concretions was demonstrated. PMID- 3256486 TI - Radial keratotomy: where did it go wrong? AB - A prospective study was set up to determine the effectiveness, predictability, stability, safety and feasibility within the National Health Service of radial keratotomy. The methods adopted include a new simplified guide to surgery with a predicted accuracy in 84 of 100 operations. Ninety-six percent of eyes with myopia of -6.0D or less preoperatively were seeing 6/12 or better six months after surgery. Refraction remained stable within a range 0.5D spherical equivalent between the first and sixth postoperative months in 96%, between the first and twelfth postoperative months in 90% and between the first and second years in 100% of eyes examined. There were no cases of progressive hypermetropia. Sixty-four percent of the 61 patients admitted to postoperative symptoms. Three percent of eyes lost best corrected vision. The disappointments were few but were analysed in detail. The least reliable were found to be associated with the higher myopes requiring a 3.0 mm clear optical zone. PMID- 3256487 TI - One year of severe eye injuries in sport. AB - A one year prospective study was undertaken to assess all sports injuries requiring inpatient treatment at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital. (1 January to 31 December 1987.) Fifty two patients were admitted (25.1% of all admissions due to trauma). Racquet sports accounted for 51.9% of these cases. Eight patients required 12 surgical procedures and there were 3 perforating injuries. Sport is becoming an increasingly important cause of severe eye injury and the encouragement of adequate ocular protection is now a matter of urgency. PMID- 3256488 TI - Preferential looking in clinical practice: a year's experience. AB - Preferential Looking (PL) is now a well established laboratory method of measuring visual acuity in preverbal children. We have evaluated the feasibility of its routine use in clinical practice. We present our methods and results obtained in 80 normal children and 36 children with visual disorder and discuss the problems encountered in applying this test. PMID- 3256490 TI - Hydrogel intraocular lens experience with endocapsular implantation. AB - The experience is presented of three independent surgeons using Hydrogel posterior chamber intraocular lenses in a combined series of 157 endocapsular cataract extractions. One hundred and fifty of these eyes were examined after a minimum follow-up period of one year and 92.0% achieved visual acuity of 6/12 or better, and 98.6% achieved this if pre-existing pathology was excluded. Insertion of this lens has proved to be simple, the adaptions of technique required are described and the complications are presented and analysed. PMID- 3256489 TI - Arborescent bacterial keratopathy (infectious crystalline keratopathy). AB - Bacterial colonisation of the cornea is described in two cases, one bilateral. Discreet, white, branching opacities are produced without associated inflammation. It is suggested that due to its aetiology "arborescent bacterial keratopathy" is a better name for this condition than "infectious crystalline keratopathy". PMID- 3256491 TI - The effect of retinoids on the migration of Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. AB - The effect of the retinoids, retinol and all-trans acid, was assessed in vitro on the migration of rabbit Tenon's capsule fibroblasts, with a view to using these drugs as inhibitors of fibrosis in relation to trabeculectomies. No inhibition of fibroblast migration was demonstrated, and in fact retinol significantly enhanced both the random and directed migration of these cells (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively). This study emphasises the importance of using appropriate cells when investigating the effects of drugs on wound healing. PMID- 3256492 TI - Patterns of blood flow in episcleral vessels studied by low-dose fluorescein videoangiography. AB - The blood supply of the ocular anterior segment arises from a saggittal arterial ring composed of the long posterior ciliary arteries, the muscular and anterior ciliary arteries and perforating scleral arteries. This ring supplies coronal arterial circles within and outside the globe. Low dose anterior segment fluorescein videoangiography demonstrates arterial and venous flow, recording its characteristics and direction. Videoangiograms were performed at low and high magnification in 15 normal subjects. Episcleral arteries and veins were distinguishable by the presence or absence of pulsatile flow and by their fluorescence intensity. Arteries usually perfused earlier than veins, and with higher flow velocity. Twenty-five of 40 arteries flowed away from scleral perforations close to the limbus. All 8 veins drained away from the limbus. The communication between two arteries may be demonstrated by a static, pulsating column of non-fluoresceinated blood. This sign arose at a point of scleral perforation, at the junction between muscular and anterior ciliary arteries and in the episcleral anterior circle. It supports the concept of arterial shunting, both in the saggittal plane and in the superficial coronal circle. Perforating scleral arteries lay anterior to the episcleral arterial circle in superior angiograms and posterior to it in inferior studies. Vessels that had been characterised by videoangiography were identified in stereo colour photographs of angiographic fields. Arteries were best distinguished from veins by their high tortuosity and thick walls. Using these photographic characteristics, the distribution of arteries and veins over the rectus muscles was surveyed in 13 subjects. The incidence of arteries is lowest over the lateral rectus muscle. Veins were concentrated in the vertical meridian and were absent over lateral rectus in 8 subjects. Five intra-operative videoangiograms are reported. Retraction of conjunctiva facilitated imaging of the episcleral vessels and demonstrated arterial communication through a shared capillary bed. PMID- 3256493 TI - The blood-retinal barrier in angioid streaks. AB - The blood retinal barrier was investigated in a group of patients with angioid streaks and pseudoxanthoma elasticum, using the technique of vitreous fluorophotometry. Angioid streaks are breaks in the elastic layer of Bruch's membrane with atrophy of the adjacent pigment epithelium. The retinal pigment epithelial cells and their intercellular junctions form part of the blood retinal barrier. In this study, it was found that despite the presence of angioid streaks and extensive areas of pigment epithelial atrophy the blood retinal barrier was intact. In contrast, when disciform degeneration had occurred the blood retinal barrier was abnormal. It is proposed that vitreous fluorophotometry could be used to identify those patients developing disciform degeneration at an early and therefore potentially treatable stage. PMID- 3256494 TI - Radiological investigation in the management of uveitis. AB - Patients suffering from Uveitis often undergo radiological investigation in order to detect underlying sarcoidosis or ankylosing spondylitis. We reviewed the results of X-rays performed in this hospital over a four year period in order to determine the efficiency of such screening. Our results suggest that radiological investigation has little role in the management of patients with Uveitis. PMID- 3256495 TI - Toxocariasis: a practical approach to management of ocular disease. AB - The diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis is difficult to make with certainty. New methods of antigen detection are helpful. Surgical intervention may play a role in improving the prognosis, but the place of specific chemotherapy remains undefined. We discuss three case histories to illustrate these points. We suggest that the visual prognosis need not be so poor as commonly believed, and outline a suggested plan of management. PMID- 3256496 TI - The prevalence and morphology of cataract in patients on allopurinol treatment. AB - We have shown that an unusual morphological thinning of the anterior clear zone of the lens is found in patients with gout on long term Allopurinol therapy. The significance of this is discussed. PMID- 3256497 TI - Treatment of cataract in diabetics with and without retinopathy. AB - The results of cataract surgery in diabetic patients was reviewed. The visual outcome was good in the absence of retinopathy and was not significantly different from that of non-diabetic patients. Eyes with retinopathy achieved significantly worse visual results and the prognosis was related to the severity of retinopathy. Clinical cystoid macular oedema occurred significantly more frequently in eyes with retinopathy than without and there were significantly more eyes with retinopathy which became blind or partially sighted. The use of a Projectoscope for assessing the amount of degradation of an image was tested. A good correlation was found between the amount of blurring of the test target and the drop in visual acuity. The optimal type of cataract surgery is discussed and lines of management outlined. PMID- 3256498 TI - Electrophysiological testing of eyes with opaque media. AB - Electrodiagnostic tests as applied to the eye are now widely used in the investigation of patients with inherited retinal degenerations but their value in patients with opaque media is perhaps less well recognised. The choice of stimulus is all important and a flash VEP and flash ERG probably provide the best combination of tests at present. A comparison with the fellow eye, if it is normal, greatly improves the value of the result. A pitfall of this type of test is its failure to detect amblyopia and a carefully recorded history is important in helping to interpret the traces. PMID- 3256499 TI - Amblyopia and strabismus in congenital ptosis. AB - Seventeen per cent of 216 cases of simple congenital ptosis developed amblyopia and 19% had a squint. Of those patients with amblyopia, 14% had amblyopia attributable to stimulus deprivation, 21% had anisometropic amblyopia and 51% had strabismic amblyopia. Early refraction, orthoptic assessment and treatment and, where the pupillary axis is occluded, surgery to prevent stimulus deprivation amblyopia are recommended. PMID- 3256500 TI - Is the geniculostriate system a prerequisite for nystagmus? AB - The time of onset of congenital horizontal nystagmus is usually known. We present a group of infants in whom this was determined objectively. In two, vertical nystagmus in the neonatal period became horizontally directed, at 4 months in one, and between 7 and 9 months of age in the second. Two infants (one an oculocutaneous albino) had no visual response initially but subsequently developed horizontal nystagmus as the vision improved at 5 and 6 1/2 months: Type III delayed visual maturation. An infant totally blind due to Norrie's disease was examined in the first week of life but did not develop nystagmus for a further 3 months. Two children with cortical visual impairment never developed nystagmus. In early infancy, vision is thought to be predominantly subcortical. Therefore the development of nystagmus at a time when the geniculostriate system is emerging functionally (around 3 months), and its absence in cortical visual impairment, has led us to propose a hypothesis suggesting that a functioning geniculostriate system is a prerequisite for the development of horizontal nystagmus. PMID- 3256501 TI - Low tension glaucoma--is treatment worthwhile? PMID- 3256502 TI - Uveitis in juvenile chronic arthritis: incidence, clinical features and prognosis. AB - Three hundred and fifteen patients with anterior uveitis and juvenile chronic arthritis were reviewed in order to determine the incidence, visual prognosis, and the clinical characteristics of the intraocular inflammation. The overall incidence of uveitis was 20%. Approximately 25% of patients had relatively mild and/or transient involvement and an excellent visual prognosis. In 50% the uveitis was more severe but could be controlled with topical medication. In the remaining 25% the visual prognosis was poor due to the intractable nature of the uveitis and the subsequent development of vision-threatening complications. The majority of patients (74%) were under the age of 8 years when the uveitis was first diagnosed. Clinically, the intraocular inflammation was most frequently an asymptomatic, chronic, non-granulomatous, iridocyclitis which was bilateral in 71% of cases. Other ocular lesions, which were rare, included keratoconjunctivitis sicca and corneal melting. PMID- 3256503 TI - The mechanics of accommodation in relation to presbyopia. AB - The cause of presbyopia is closely related to the force of contraction of the ciliary muscle and the resistance to deformation of the crystalline lens. Two views are currently in conflict. The view of Donders (1864) that presbyopia is caused by a decrease in the force of contraction of the ciliary muscle with age, and the opposing view of Helmholtz (1855) that the lens becomes more difficult to deform with age due to lenticular sclerosis. The present paper shows that, in fact, the ciliary muscle undergoes a compensatory hypertrophy as accommodative amplitude decreases with age. The force of contraction is about 50% greater at the onset of presbyopia than in youth. However, because of increased lenticular resistance its effect on the amplitude of accommodation is small. It is shown that the reason the lens becomes more difficult to deform is not because of lenticular sclerosis, since the lens substance does not lose water. The increased difficulty of deformation is because the capsule loses its elastic force with age and the lens fibres, particularly in the nucleus, become more compacted. PMID- 3256504 TI - Traumatic retinal angiopathy--associated with wearing of car seat belts. AB - Three patients who were involved in road traffic accidents and sustained seat belt related injuries developed a retinal angiopathy characterised by retinal haemorrhage, oedema and focal ischaemia. Significant unilateral visual loss (2/60 - 6/18) was reported 1-48 hours following injury and central or paracentral annular scotomata were present. Although there was good recovery of visual acuity all patients had permanent scotomata, colour vision defects and loss of contrast sensitivity. Residual retinal microvascular and haemodynamic changes were noted on fluorescein angiography and the visually evoked responses were uniformly depressed. The structural and functional alterations in the retina of patients who have sustained seat belt injuries have important medico-legal implications. PMID- 3256505 TI - Behaviour of intraocular gases. AB - The changes in volume of intraocular bubbles of air, sulphur hexafluoride, perfluoropropane and mixtures of these gases, were studied in human eyes, following vitrectomy for treatment of retinal detachment. The implications of these findings, for the provision of optimal internal tamponade in the treatment of retinal detachment, are discussed. PMID- 3256506 TI - Comparative ultrastructural study of rabbit Muller cells in vitro and in situ. AB - The ultrastructural appearance of cultured rabbit glial cells (putative Muller cells) has been compared with that of rabbit Muller cells in situ. Electron microscopy disclosed that the cultured cells had a basement membrane comparable to the inner limiting membrane of the retina and that villous processes adjacent to zonulae adherentes were reminiscent of fibre baskets and the outer limiting membrane. Cultured cells showed apico-basal polarisation in specimens from early passages. It was noted however that cultured cells showed a number of features which were different from normal Muller cells in situ. These included prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum, sparse smooth endoplasmic reticulum and relatively electron lucent cytoplasmic matrices. These findings resembled the appearances found in proliferating Muller cells in the human eye. The ultrastructural differences noted in the cultured Muller cells suggest that the cultured cells are in an active form. PMID- 3256507 TI - The private eye. PMID- 3256508 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of imipenem and other agents against gram negative and gram-positive strains isolated from clinical specimens. PMID- 3256509 TI - [Evaluation of ceftizoxime against gram-positive strains isolated in a hospital environment]. PMID- 3256510 TI - [Evaluation of the clinico-bacteriologic efficacy and tolerance of netilmicin in the treatment of neonatal staphylococcal infections]. PMID- 3256512 TI - [Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of aztreonam in gram-negative infections of the biliary tract]. PMID- 3256511 TI - [Ciprofloxacin in the treatment of respiratory infections. Analysis of an Italian series]. PMID- 3256513 TI - [Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and tolerance of a formulation of 2% tioconazole cream versus 1% tioconazole cream in the treatment of dermatomycoses]. PMID- 3256514 TI - [In vitro activity of cefoperazone against recently isolated bacteria from clinical specimens]. PMID- 3256515 TI - [Evaluation of occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics. Study Group on Environmental Monitoring, Biological Monitoring and Laboratory Surveillance in Lombardia]. AB - A group of Occupational Medicine researchers in Lombardia prepared a document about the problems of occupational exposure to inhalation anaesthetics referring to the Meeting "Occupational Hazard from Inhalation Anaesthetics. Monitoring and Prevention". (Pavia, May 1988). A survey in 111 operating theatres and 11 hospitals showed high anaesthetics pollution and allowed to find its main causes. On the basis of this survey the authors were able to indicate the methods to control the exposure, both by determining the polluting agents in working environment, and by using the internal dose biological monitoring. For the exposure monitoring the authors suggest determining nitrous oxide (N2O) in various sites of the operating rooms, in the operators respiratory zone and/or in single workers' urine at the end of the work-shift. The environmental and/or biological measurement of nitrous oxide also indicated the pollution due to other inhalation anesthetics used at the same time. The authors also make suggestions about the methods and timing of environmental and biological monitoring and health surveillance. PMID- 3256517 TI - [Creatinine as an adjustment parameter in urinary excretion of vanadium and nickel]. AB - Urinary creatinine is used as an adjustment factor of the concentration of metabolites excreted in urinary random samples. The usefulness of this practice is longtime disputed. The aim of this study, made in 94 workers, is to estimate if the creatinine-adjustment of V and Ni urinary concentrations brings a true advantage in his capacity to predict the amount of metal excreted in 24 hours. The results shown this practice is pointless and that also in case of urinary samples at anomalous dilution. A greater accuracy in expression of analytical results of V and Ni excretion may be obtained collecting the urinary samples with a known amount, that is to say more representative of the daily diuresis. PMID- 3256516 TI - [Evaluation of working conditions at the work place with video terminals: a survey conducted in 6 business offices]. AB - The Authors have taken under study 6 office buildings and a total of 165 work stations with VDTs. Lighting conditions, postures, indoor climate and air-quality have been evaluated, besides worker's subjective approach sounded by individual questionnaire. Concerning visual comfort, it has been noticed that the most simple and well-known rules are often disregarded, such as avoiding to place a screen in front of a light source because of its glare. Also, operators postures are often incorrect, making problems related to their own fixity worse. Air conditioning systems assure almost excellent conditions for thermal comfort, but air changes are often poor and microbiologic quality suffers from plant's inadequate servicing. Finally, the survey of questionnaires shows a complaint percentage which only partly corresponds with the objective data collected, reflecting instead an uneasiness to the kind of work and its organisation. PMID- 3256518 TI - [Acute hepatonephritis in a subject occupationally exposed to chloroform]. AB - We describe a case of acute hepatonephritis in a worker of a pharmaceutical factory, due to sporadic and short exposures to chloroform at levels even 70 times higher than its TLV. PMID- 3256520 TI - Refinement of the nasal tip. PMID- 3256521 TI - Aesthetics and surgery of the nasal base. PMID- 3256519 TI - [Psychosomatic changes in video terminal operators]. AB - The incidence of psychosomatic symptoms in a group of VDT operators is evaluated and compared with a control group (people not working at VDTs) by using questionnaires. The dta show that some psychosomatic symptoms are much more frequent in VDT operators in comparison with the control group. PMID- 3256522 TI - The nasal dorsum--open approach. PMID- 3256523 TI - Septoplasty via the open approach. PMID- 3256524 TI - Non-Caucasian rhinoplasty with the open approach. PMID- 3256525 TI - The future of open rhinoplasty. PMID- 3256526 TI - Proceedings of the 40th annual meeting of the Nordisk Neurokirurgisk Forening (Scandinavian Neurosurgical Society). June 15-18, 1988, Kuopio, Finland. Abstracts. PMID- 3256527 TI - Presurgical analysis for rhinoplasty. PMID- 3256528 TI - Inhibition by coenzyme Q of ethanol- and carbon tetrachloride-stimulated lipid peroxidation in vivo and catalyzed by microsomal and mitochondrial systems. AB - The ability of coenzyme Q to inhibit lipid peroxidation in intact animals as well as in mitochondrial, submitochondrial, and microsomal systems has been tested. Rats fed coenzyme Q prior to being treated with carbon tetrachloride or while being treated with ethanol excrete less thiobarbituric acid-reacting material in the urine than such rats not fed coenzyme Q. Liver homogenates, mitochondria, and microsomes isolated from rats treated with carbon tetrachloride and ethanol catalyze lipid peroxidation at rates which exceed those from animals also fed coenzyme Q. The rate of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by submitochondrial particles isolated from hearts of young, old, and endurance trained elderly rats was inversely proportional to the coenzyme Q content of the submitochondrial preparation in assays in which succinate was employed to reduce the endogenous coenzyme Q. Reduced, but not oxidized, coenzyme Q inhibited lipid peroxidation catalyzed by rat liver microsomal preparations. These results provide additional evidence in support of an antioxidant role for coenzyme Q. PMID- 3256529 TI - Role of oxyradicals in the inactivation of catalase by ozone. AB - The antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase, are inactivated upon exposure to ozone. In this study, the mechanism of this inactivation was examined using catalase as a model system. The data show that the inactivation of catalase is dependent on ozone concentration, time of exposure, and pH. Loss of catalase activity is accompanied with loss of the heme spectra. Tiron, desferal-Mn, trolox c, and pyruvate protect the enzyme against ozone inactivation. SOD is less effective due to its inactivation by ozone. On the other hand, alcohols do not provide significant protection. The data suggest the possible involvement of superoxide radicals in the inactivation of catalase by ozone. PMID- 3256530 TI - Is the activity-linked electrostatic gradient of bovine Cu, Zn superoxide dismutases conserved in homologous enzymes irrespective of the number and distribution of charges? AB - Electrostatic potential calculations have been performed on three different Cu, Zn superoxide dismutases (superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15. 1.1), in order to evaluate the degree of conservation of the pattern of electrostatic interactions between O2- and the active site recently pointed out in bovine Cu Zn SOD. The three Cu, Zn SODs that have been selected for this study, namely the bovine, ovine, and porcine enzymes, are highly homologous as to reasonably assume identical three-dimensional structure but display large differences in their net charge, as shown by their pI's, which span over a wide pH range: 8.0 (sheep), 6.5 (pig), 5.2 (ox). Despite such a large difference in the net protein charge and in the spatial arrangement of electrostatic charges, electrostatic potential calculations show that the electrostatic channel directing the negatively charged substrate toward the positive catalytic site is strictly preserved with the same features for the three proteins. This suggests that the electrostatic funnel for conducting small anions into the active site is a highly conservative property in the evolution of Cu, Zn SOD. PMID- 3256531 TI - Spontaneous lung chemiluminescence upon paraquat administration. AB - In vivo rat lung chemiluminescence was measured at different times after a single injection of either 30 or 60 mg paraquat/kg b.w. The lungs were isolated to determine myeloperoxidase (index of polymorphonuclear leukocytes), lung wet weight (lung edema) and malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation). The highest chemiluminescence was reached 30 hours after injection of 30 mg/kg or 6 hours after a 60 mg/kg dose. The peak chemiluminescence was coincident with the maximum concentration of myeloperoxidase and lung wet weight suggesting that most chemiluminescence was the consequence of polymorphonuclear activation after migration to the injured areas. PMID- 3256532 TI - A study on the mechanism of the vanadate-dependent NADH oxidation. AB - The mechanism of the vanadate (V(V]-dependent oxidation of NADH was different in phosphate buffers and in phosphate-free media. In phosphate-free media (aqueous medium or HEPES buffer) the vanadyl (V(IV] generated by the direct V(V)-dependent oxidation of NADH formed a complex with V(V). In phosphate buffers V(IV) autoxidized instead of forming a complex with V(V). The generated superoxide radical (O2-) initiated, in turn, a high-rate free radical chain oxidation of NADH. Phosphate did not stimulate the V(V)-dependent NADH oxidation catalyzed by O2--generating systems. Monovanadate proved to be a stronger catalyzer of NADH oxidation as compared to polyvanadate. PMID- 3256533 TI - A population-genetic study of crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) on the island of Angaur, Palau, Micronesia. AB - Blood protein polymorphisms of an introduced population of the crab-eating macaques on Angaur Island, Palau, Micronesia, were examined electrophoretically to assess genetic variability. Results showed a high degree of genetic heterozygosity and some distinctive features in the genetic constitution of this island population. Negative evidence is presented regarding ancestry from a single pair of macaques. Their origin is discussed in relation to the genetic structure of the present population. PMID- 3256534 TI - Analysis of loud calls provides new evidence for hybridization between two Asian leaf monkeys (Presbytis johnii, Presbytis entellus). PMID- 3256535 TI - Electrophoretic evidence for the evolutionary position of Cercopithecus erythrogaster and Cercopithecus erythrotis. PMID- 3256536 TI - Contact-mediated triggering of lamella formation by Dictyostelium amoebae on solid surfaces. AB - Amoebae of the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum form broad ultrathin cytoplasmic lamellae by a centripetal contractile process soon after they have spread on certain solid surfaces. We have investigated the surface requirements for initial triggering of this contact-mediated signalling system. The lamellar response is not normally evoked by glass, but is seen on glass covalently derivatized with paraffinic chains, as well as on glass covalently derivatized with amine groups and on glass bearing adsorbed polylysine. We have recorded the frequency of the lamellar response on these surfaces as a function of ionic strength and pH, and have measured the electrostatic potentials of the surfaces by the streaming potential method. Using these data we have concluded that the general trigger for the lamellar response is not a 'simple' physical or chemical property of the substrata: it is not dependent on specific chemical groups, degree of hydrophobicity, electrostatic potential, or charge density, taken as isolated factors. It seems likely that triggering is dependent on the overall energetics of cell-substratum interaction. PMID- 3256537 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging approaching microscopic scale: maturation stages of Acetabularia mediterranea reproductive caps. AB - The reproductive cap of the giant single-celled alga Acetabularia mediterranea (or A. acetabulum) has rays tapering from a width of about 400 microns at the circumference of the cap to about 30 microns at their junction with the stalk of the cell. This is ideal geometry for testing the current limits of spatial resolution of proton magnetic resonance imaging. In this work, resolution of features down to 40 microns is achieved. Maturation of the cap rays involves a major cytoplasmic reorganization, from continuous cytoplasm and a central vacuole in each ray to bundles of cysts surrounded by aqueous solution. This work shows that an intermediate stage in the change can be highlighted in images by relaxation time (T1) contrasting. PMID- 3256538 TI - Relationship between the timing of DNA replication and the developmental competence in Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - In Acanthamoeba, two different cell types are known. Trophozoites are generated in the mitotic division cycle, whereas cells committed at late G2 phase of the cell cycle develop into cysts in response to starvation. In this paper we study the role of timing of DNA replication in regulating development. The investigation was performed with cultures growing in a non-defined medium (ND cells) that show a high encystation competence and with cultures that have been growing in a chemically defined medium (D cells) for several years and show a low encystation competence. Bivariate DNA/BrdUrd distributions show that ND cells progress through a cycle in which the short replication phase occurs immediately and exclusively after prior completion of mitosis. These cells arrest at late G2 phase of the cell cycle during the stationary stage. In D cells, DNA replication and mitosis seem to be uncoupled, since replication takes place before as well as after mitosis. These cells arrest within their replication phase during the stationary stage. These findings indicate that D cells do not progress into late G2 phase of the cell cycle and hence do not have the competence for commitment. The alternate timing of DNA replication and the low encystation competence of D cells can be reversed by cultivation of these cells in ND medium. Synchronization experiments reveal that late G2 phase ND cells exhibit a low capacity for BrdUrd incorporation and growth after transfer into D medium, whereas ND cells of earlier phases of the cell cycle show premitotic incorporation of BrdUrd into nuclear DNA and growth. These findings suggest on the one hand that premitotic DNA synthesis is a prerequisite for growth of cells in D medium, and that there is a dependence of the induction of premitotic DNA synthesis on the cell cycle, and on the other hand that a reciprocal relationship exists between the capacity of premitotic DNA synthesis and commitment to differentiation. PMID- 3256539 TI - Three-dimensional organization of chromosomes of Crepis capillaris by optical tomography. AB - The three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromosomes of Crepis capillaris (2n = 6) has been investigated. Root tips were fixed, macerated with enzymes and gently separated without squashing. The cells were then stained with DAPI and optically sectioned under computer control. Sections were stored as video images and processed to remove noise and out-of-focus information. Computer modelling was then used to trace the paths of each chromosome and to display the paths as a 3D wire diagram. In all, 88 sets of anaphase chromosomes were modelled from 47 optically sectioned cells. The models and the coordinates of the chromosomes were then analysed to detect non-random arrangements or preferential associations of particular pairs of chromosomes. The methods used have significant advantages over electron microscope tomography for the analysis of 3D chromosome arrangement; in particular, the large number of samples allowed more thorough statistical tests to be performed on the data obtained. No evidence was found for either non-random arrangements or homologous association and, moreover, the distances between the two larger pairs of homologues were larger than for other pairs of chromosomes. These results conflict with previous results for this and other plant species where the material was squashed before measurements were taken. We found no evidence of haploid genome separation. PMID- 3256540 TI - Dissociation of lens fibre gap junctions releases MP70. AB - MIP and MP70 are putative gap junction components in the plasma membranes of the mammalian lens fibre cells. We show now that MP70 can be solubilized separately from MIP in mild detergent solutions, and that this treatment results in the dissociation of the fibre gap junctions. Solubilized MP70 was isolated as 16.9 S particles by velocity gradient centrifugation and in the electron microscope had the appearance of short double-membrane structures consistent with connexon pairs. These observations open a new experimental avenue in which to characterize separately the two putative lens gap junction proteins structurally and functionally. PMID- 3256541 TI - Parallel development of cadmium resistance and in vitro transformation in cultured Indian muntjac cells. AB - The development of cadmium resistance in an Indian muntjac cell line has been investigated. The parent cell line is highly sensitive to cadmium ions. Resistance was obtained by continuous growth of cells in low levels of cadmium with stepwise increments. Four cell lines were developed with resistances of between 50- and 200-fold greater than that of the parental line. Early in the development of resistance an unstable cell line displaying extensive chromosomal rearrangement and an elevated sister chromatid exchange frequency was identified. The more stable resistant lines produced from this original cell line have normal karyotypes. Having passed through the initial period of genome rearrangement the resultant cells acquired several characteristics of morphologically transformed cells. It is concluded that long-term exposure to low levels of cadmium can transform cells in vitro concurrently with their acquiring cadmium resistance. PMID- 3256542 TI - Changes in the number and volume of fibrillar centres with the inactivation of nucleoli at erythropoiesis. AB - The number and volume of fibrillar centres, the structural components of interphase cell nucleoli on the surface of which rRNA is synthesized, have been studied in differentiating erythroblasts of mouse embryo liver. Complete series of ultrathin sections of erythroblast nuclei have been used at the main stages of differentiation: proerythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromatophilic erythroblast and normoblast. It has been shown that in the active nucleoli of proerythroblasts the number of fibrillar centres is correlated with cell ploidy and exceeds by several-fold the number of nucleolus-organizing regions of chromosomes. The total volumes of fibrillar centres in 2C (0.369 micron 3) and 4C (0.749 micron 3) proerythroblasts are proportional to number of nucleolus organizing regions. With the maturation of erythroblasts the total number of fibrillar centres declines and in normoblasts it is 3- to 10-fold less than that of the nucleolus-organizing regions. The total volume of fibrillar centres in normoblasts (0.102 micron 3) is threefold smaller than that in proerythroblasts (0.369 micron 3), even though the mean volumes of individual fibrillar centres are significantly higher (0.0042 micron 3 in proerythroblasts and 0.039 in normoblasts). The optical density of fibrillar centres in normoblasts can be higher compared with that of proerythroblasts. It has been suggested that the inactivation of nucleoli at erythropoiesis is accompanied by the fusion of individual fibrillar centres and, possibly, by the compaction of their material. PMID- 3256544 TI - Gingivitis linked to AIDS. PMID- 3256543 TI - Implants: one dentist's experience. PMID- 3256545 TI - The obligation of Colorado dentists for reporting AIDS/HIV infection under Colorado law. PMID- 3256546 TI - Dr. Rella Christensen interview. PMID- 3256547 TI - [The effect of some commercial dentifrices on the growth of Streptococcus mutans]. PMID- 3256548 TI - [Effect of toothbrushing instruction on plaque removal]. PMID- 3256550 TI - [Psychological management of dental patients]. PMID- 3256549 TI - [The study of medicinal herbs on coagulation mechanism]. PMID- 3256551 TI - Illustrating the ocular fundus. PMID- 3256552 TI - Portable and inexpensive systems for ophthalmic photography based on the 35 mm SLR camera and standard 50 mm f1-8 lens. PMID- 3256553 TI - A photographic method to measure abnormal head posture. PMID- 3256555 TI - Defaecating video proctography. PMID- 3256554 TI - Survey on ophthalmic photography in Great Britain. PMID- 3256556 TI - Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a case study. PMID- 3256557 TI - Composite photographs in leg lengthening. PMID- 3256558 TI - Editing surgical videotapes. PMID- 3256559 TI - A stereophotogrammetric technique for the quantification of tissue expansion procedures in plastic surgery. PMID- 3256560 TI - Laser video disk archival storage. PMID- 3256561 TI - Program yourself. PMID- 3256562 TI - The application of microprocessor technology to psychological testing. PMID- 3256563 TI - Single dose curative and prophylactic efficacy of antimalarial drugs against multi-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. PMID- 3256564 TI - Measles immunization study in rural area of primary health unit Dighal (Haryana). PMID- 3256565 TI - Hepatitis B virus carriage in pregnant women. PMID- 3256566 TI - Biometrical variations in haematophagous arthropods. I. Some larval characters of Culex quinquefasciatus say (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 3256567 TI - Studies on susceptibility of Ornithodoros moubata as vector of Dipetalonema viteae (Filariodea). PMID- 3256568 TI - Rapid diagnostic techniques in the etiological diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections in children. PMID- 3256569 TI - Clinical evaluation of purified chick embryo cell antirabies vaccine in healthy volunteers. PMID- 3256570 TI - The Stegomyia survey and susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti to insecticides in Calcutta seaport area. PMID- 3256571 TI - Asthma deaths in England and Wales 1931-85: evidence for a true increase in asthma mortality. AB - A recent increase in asthma mortality has been reported in several countries. Such increases can be brought about by changes in factors acting close to the time of death, but they may also be caused by risk factors determined by the generation into which a person is born, as indicated by the year of birth. Asthma mortality rates since 1931 are independently associated with birthdate as well as date of death. In particular there has been an increase in asthma mortality in birth cohorts born since the 1940s. Such changes are unlikely to be due to a change in reporting of asthma deaths, and other evidence including the reported increase in the prevalence of eczema in succeeding National Birth cohorts supports the view that these changes may be due to an increased prevalence of atopy. In the absence of any further improvements in the management of asthma, such an increased prevalence of atopy implies that the mortality rate is unlikely to decline substantially for some years to come. PMID- 3256572 TI - Field evaluation of the Copal UA-231 automatic sphygmomanometer. AB - Automated sphygmomanometers should be evaluated in field studies before being recommended for epidemiological use. In this study an automated sphygmomanometer, the Copal UA-231, was evaluated on the basis of duplicate blood pressure measurements, one with this machine and one with a Hawksley random zero machine, taken on 1536 participants in a health survey. The Copal-random zero differences had a mean of 2.3 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure and 1.9 mm Hg for diastolic pressure, the Copal reading higher than the random zero. The standard deviations of these differences were similar to the standard deviations of the differences between two random zero measurements taken on subjects in a separate survey. However, Copal-random zero differences varied systemically with blood pressure levels. In this study a 10 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure was associated with a 1.22 mm Hg increase in the Copal-random zero difference and a 10 mm Hg increase in diastolic blood pressure was associated with a 1.15 mm Hg increase in the Copal-random zero difference. The Copal UA-231 is recommended for use in field surveys, but it should be recognised that a small systematic increase in Copal-random zero difference with increasing blood pressure may complicate interpretation of epidemiological associations. PMID- 3256573 TI - Regional differences in mortality from conditions amenable to medical intervention in The Netherlands: a comparison of four time periods. AB - In The Netherlands, as in many other countries, important geographical variation in mortality from conditions amenable to medical intervention exists. Associations with a number of simple medical care supply characteristics (general practitioner density, hospital bed density, and percentage of regional hospital beds located in university and small hospitals) are generally weak and inconsistent, both before and after controlling for possible confounding factors. We explored one of the possible reasons for this lack of consistency, which is the time dependency of the relationship between medical care supply and avoidable mortality. A comparison of associations in four time periods (1950-54, 1960-64, 1970-74 and 1980-84) shows that the percentage of variance in regional mortality levels which can be "explained" by the medical care supply variables has changed over time. Although the patterns of change differ little from what one would expect on the basis of the time of introduction of medical care innovations, the exact nature of the associations is puzzling. Apart from some expected negative associations between mortality and the presence of university hospitals, we also found a few unexpected positive associations with general practitioner density. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed, and it is concluded that further study is necessary to reveal the causes of a higher or lower mortality level for conditions considered to be amenable to medical intervention. PMID- 3256574 TI - Deriving relative risks from aggregate data. 1. Theory. AB - Sociological macro analyses of the association between risk factors and mortality can be seen as a valuable supplement to epidemiological micro studies. However, sociologists and epidemiologists typically employ different measures of association and this hampers strict comparisons of findings. This study presents a synthetic approach relying on both micro and macro data. In Part 1, the mathematical relations between the relative risk and the attributable fraction on the one hand, and the regression coefficient on the other are derived in order to make cross level comparisons possible. Part 2 provides an empirical illustration of the approach. PMID- 3256575 TI - Deriving relative risks from aggregate data. 2. An application to the relationship between unemployment and suicide. AB - In Part 1 of this study, the mathematical relations between micro and macro measures of effect were derived. The formulas thus obtained can be used for cross level comparisons of findings concerning the effect of some specific risk factor on, eg, mortality. The approach is illustrated by means of an empirical example relating to the association between unemployment and suicide. This relationship is estimated on micro data as well as on aggregate time series data. The findings from the two levels are fairly consistent. PMID- 3256576 TI - Social and regional differences in food and alcohol consumption and their measurement in a national birth cohort. AB - The problem of collecting detailed dietary information on a large population scattered throughout England, Wales and Scotland was resolved by use of a 7 day dietary diary, introduced at home interviews. Information on food types and quantities was coded to provide data on a wide range of nutrients. Reported levels of iron and fibre intake were found to be particularly low in relation to current recommended daily intakes, which were more often achieved by men than by women. Best dietary habits were associated with good educational attainment, whatever the social class of origin, but in women this was in some circumstances associated also with relatively high intakes of alcohol, protein and fats. Worst dietary habits were associated with low social class of family of origin and low educational attainment. Mean intakes of some nutrients varied significantly by region, in most cases independently of class and education. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3256577 TI - A study of the interaction of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking among French cases of laryngeal cancer. AB - Laryngeal cancer represents an important cause of cancer in France, and the individual effects of alcohol and tobacco on this cancer site are well known. However the problem of the interaction between these agents is less extensively documented, and the role of the high consumptions of alcohol has not been studied frequently. A case-control analysis was undertaken to investigate the joint effect of alcohol and tobacco by comparing 197 glottic and 214 supraglottic cancer cases to 4135 controls representative of the French general population. Heavy drinkers were available from the two groups of cases, the highest alcohol category being equivalent to a consumption of more than 2 litres of wine per day. The relative risks estimated for heavy drinkers and smokers were high, and the results indicated an even stronger effect of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking on the upper part of the laryngeal region. Additive and multiplicative models were fitted to the data. The multiplicative hypothesis was found to be the most appropriate, implying that the risks associated with alcohol and tobacco multiply when the exposures occur simultaneously. The public health implications of this result and the contribution of heavy drinkers and smokers to the frequency of upper respiratory and digestive tract cancers are discussed. PMID- 3256578 TI - The joint effects of two factors in the aetiology of oesophageal cancer in Japan. AB - A multifactorial approach to the aetiology of oesophageal cancer was made on the basis of a case-control study in Saitama prefecture, Japan. The joint risks of two factors were calculated directly from joint distributions, following a dichotomous exposure model. Three models of factor combinations were taken into account: two risk enhancing factors, two risk reducing factors, and risk enhancing and reducing factors. We observed remarkable risk elevations in the first model, and the observed joint risks were in the neighbourhood of the multiplicative products of single acting risks of individual factors. The highest odds ratios of about 10 or more were found with combinations of salty foods, excessive intake of rice and alcohol abuse. The second and third models also followed a multiplicative modification of risk. The lowest odds ratios of less than 0.2 were observed in the second model, with combinations of fruits and raw vegetables, fruits and seaweed, and raw vegetables and meat. In the third model, the increased risk caused by an enhancing factor was reduced proportionately to the presence of a risk reducing factor. Finally the dose-response relations of two factors were observed and shown to be categorised into three typical patterns of risk modification, following a three exposure level model. These patterns could be explained by both the dose-response relations of individual factors and the multiplicative modification of risk. PMID- 3256579 TI - Proximal femoral fractures: some determinants of outcome. AB - We identified 226 proximal femoral fractures prospectively in people aged over 60 years during one year in Stockport (population approximately 289,000). Our objective was to examine the association between primary treatment and outcome 6 months after the fracture using multivariate regression models. Higher haemoglobin concentrations and mental test scores on admission to hospital were associated with lower fatality within 6 months, whereas a high blood calcium phosphate product, greater age, and an active medical problem at the time of the fracture were all associated with increased fatality. An intracapsular fracture, greater age, and a greater degree of dependency before the fracture all reduced the likelihood of regaining previous walking ability by 6 months. Good walking ability before the fracture increased the likelihood of walking well by 6 months. After adjusting for the effects of these extraneous variables there was no statistically significant association between treatment and outcome. PMID- 3256580 TI - Changes in tuberculosis notification rates in the white ethnic group in England and Wales between 1953 and 1983. AB - Since the early 1960s notification rates for tuberculosis in England and Wales for the whole population have been influenced by high rates in certain ethnic groups. Using data based on country of birth from the British (Thoracic and) Tuberculosis Association surveys of 1965 and 1971, and based on ethnic origin from the Medical Research Council surveys in 1978/79 and 1983, rates for the white ethnic group have been estimated at those four times, and compared with the published rates for the whole population in 1953, when only a very small proportion was of non-white ethnic origin. Between 1953 and 1983 the notification rate for the white ethnic group fell from 122.2 to 11.3 per 100,000 for males, an annual decline of 7.7%, the corresponding rates for females being 90.1 and 5.8, an annual decline of 8.8%. The greatest annual declines occurred between 1953 and 1965, 9.4% for males and 11.2% for females. The annual declines in the most recent period, 1978/79 to 1983, were 6.9% for males and 7.3% for females. In both sexes the decline was greatest in the 15-24 year age group and least in the oldest age group, and this has led to a change in the age pattern of annual notification rates. The highest rates in both sexes occurred in young adults in 1953 but in the oldest age groups in 1983. There is however no evidence of any cohort experiencing an increase in notification rate with increasing age. PMID- 3256582 TI - Participation in a follow up study of health among unemployed and employed people after a company closedown: drop outs and selection bias. AB - This article presents an analysis of study loss in a three year longitudinal study of 1816 employees at two Danish shipyards, one of which closed just before the start of the study. The aim of the study was to elucidate the health consequences of a company closedown and the subsequent job loss. The study population responded to an identical questionnaire in 1983, 1984 and 1985. The participation rate in 1983 was 73%. The percentage of drop outs in 1984 and 1985 was 15-20% of the total numbers responding in the first year. We examined this study loss in relation to the characteristics of the respondents, using the first round of data collection as a baseline. In a multivariate analysis, age and seniority at the shipyard were the only variables that were significantly associated with non-participation in 1984 and 1985. It is concluded that the drop outs did not appear to introduce a serious risk of selection bias in 1984 and 1985. A comparison between drop outs and late respondents in 1984 and 1985 did not support the supposition that information about late respondents can be extrapolated to drop outs. PMID- 3256581 TI - Relationship of lung function loss to level of initial function: correcting for measurement error using the reliability coefficient. AB - The regression of lung function change on the initial lung function level is biased when the initial level is measured with random error. Several methods have been proposed to obtain unbiased estimates of regression coefficients in such circumstances. We apply these methods to examine the relationship between lung function loss over 11 years and its initial level in 433 men aged about 20 when first seen. On theoretical and practical grounds the best method is the correction of the regression coefficient using the reliability coefficient. This is defined as the ratio of the error free variance to the variance of the variable measured with error, and is easily estimated as the correlation between repeat measurements of the underlying level. In young men the loss of some lung functions (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], forced expiratory flow in the middle half of expiration, and the ratio FEV1/FVC) do not appear to be related to initial level. PMID- 3256583 TI - AIDS journals. PMID- 3256584 TI - Periodontal disease and AIDS. PMID- 3256585 TI - Richard W. D'Eustachio, D.D.S. PMID- 3256586 TI - Certification: a choice. PMID- 3256587 TI - Dental liability insurance: options for you. PMID- 3256588 TI - The myth of managed care. PMID- 3256590 TI - Surgical consultation & referral. PMID- 3256589 TI - Periodontics. PMID- 3256591 TI - Orthodontics. PMID- 3256592 TI - Pediatric dentistry. PMID- 3256593 TI - Endodontics. Avoiding malpractice. PMID- 3256594 TI - Future caries development in children with nursing bottle caries. PMID- 3256595 TI - Correlation between caries experience at age 7 and 12: a longitudinal study. PMID- 3256596 TI - Discrepancies between clinical and roentgenographical diagnosis of caries. PMID- 3256597 TI - Parental attitudes concerning children's hospitalization and general anesthesia for dental care. PMID- 3256598 TI - Hypophosphatasia: report of a case with unique oral manifestations. PMID- 3256599 TI - Benign maxillary antral mucosal cyst in a child. PMID- 3256600 TI - The "DMDx test for periodontitis:" a misnomer. PMID- 3256601 TI - The Third Conference on Mitral Valve Prolapse. Tokyo, July 31-August 1, 1987. Selected papers. PMID- 3256602 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse in patients with post-operative atrial septal defect: a preliminary report]. AB - To investigate the clinical significance of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in patients with atrial septal defect, we investigated 90 patients using various techniques including phonocardiography, mechanocardiography and echocardiography. The examinations were repeated pre- and post-operative periods, and the particular attention was paid on the behavior of the mitral valve motion after surgery. Post-operatively, the incidence of MVP was 56% (50 of 90 patients) compared with the preoperative incidence of 78%. Improvement of MVP was only 24%, and there was no case in which MVP newly developed after surgery. Clinical and laboratory data indicated that the cases with MVP after surgery had larger Qp/Qs, higher pulmonary pressures and larger right ventricular dimension pre operatively, but had no relationship to the age of surgery and the deformity index of the left ventricle. MVP after surgery was not associated with significant mitral regurgitation. PMID- 3256603 TI - [Experimental mitral regurgitation in ischemia-induced papillary muscle dysfunction]. AB - Mitral regurgitation (MR) reportedly develops by ischemia of the papillary muscles, which is called papillary muscle dysfunction. This report deals with the roles of papillary muscles and left ventricular walls on the pathogenesis of MR using graded injuries of these structures in 23 dogs. Implanted ultrasonic microcrystal and occluder with an electromagnetic flowmetry for the left circumflex coronary artery were the main experimental setting. Graded occlusion of the artery was done by the six-step approach regarding coronary blood flow (CBF) reduction (C1-C6). Left ventricular (LV) pressure, systolic thickening (%W: sonomicrometry) of the LV anterior (AW) and posterior walls (PW), and systolic longitudinal shortening (%S: sonomicrometry) of both the anterior and posterior papillary muscles (PPM) were measured. MR was assessed by left ventricular contrast two-dimensional echocardiography. In eight dogs, all the data were adequate for analysis. In category 3 (C3: 55-70% CBF of control), %S in PPM decreased, but %W did not change significantly, and only mild MR developed in three of the eight dogs. MR clearly developed in category 4 (C4: 40-54% CBF as compared with the control stage), where %S was replaced by holosystolic lengthening and %W reduced to 50% of the control state, and total occlusion (C6) accompanied by significant thinning of both the PW and AW. Thus, the asynergy of the LVPW was needed to induce the MR in seven of the eight dogs. It was concluded that the injury of the PPM alone is not sufficient to cause MR, and the associated ischemic changes of the LV free wall as well as LV dilatation are necessary to induce severe MR. PMID- 3256604 TI - [Continuity of normal and prolapsed mitral valves: two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiographic investigations]. AB - To certify the continuity between the normal and prolapsed mitral valves (MVP), two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography (2-DE and CDE) were performed for healthy 250 male subjects of 13 years old. The distance from the plane of the mitral annulus to the coaptation (c) and the grade of systolic ballooning of the anterior mitral leaflet as expressed by the maximum distance between the leaflet and the straight line connecting the anterior mitral ring with the point of coaptation (d) were measured in the long-axis 2-DE. Mitral regurgitation (MR) was evaluated by CDE. Distribution of c was between +10 and -3 mm, and d was between +5 and -3 mm (minus denotes prolapse toward the left atrium). An approximately normal distribution was found in both parameters c and d. The incidence of MVP varied from 3 to 13% according to the strictness of the criteria for MVP. Subjects with MR from the posterior commissure showed the coaptation significantly displaced toward the atrium compared with the rest of subjects (p less than 0.01). Our data suggest that MVP is a multifactorial disorder of the valve and the development of MR has some relation to the severity of MVP. PMID- 3256605 TI - [A new diagnostic criteria of mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. AB - The diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) should depend on the presence of significant mitral regurgitation or mitral complex abnormality as far as MVP is a diseased status. Concerning the echocardiographic diagnosis, the site of prolapse is difficult to determine correctly. In this study, Doppler color flow mapping was used to detect mitral regurgitation, and to decide the site of prolapse. Our new criteria of MVP include: (1) Phonocardiographic or auscultatory findings suggestive of mitral regurgitation or mitral complex abnormality. (2) A systolic bulging or an apparent systolic ballooning of the mitral valve by two-dimensional echocardiography. (3) A mitral regurgitant signal with an acceleration flow at the site of prolapse by Doppler color flow mapping. PMID- 3256606 TI - [Systolic clicks in mitral valve prolapse: their pathophysiological relationship to the grade and causes of prolapse]. AB - To re-evaluate the clinical significance of non-ejection systolic clicks in mitral valve prolapse (MVP), 154 patients with idiopathic MVP (idiopathic group) and 54 patients with secondary MVP associated with atrial septal defect (secondary group) were studied using phonocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography. There was no significant difference in the incidence of systolic clicks between the idiopathic (30%) and secondary (24%) groups. The severer the degree of prolapse, the higher the incidence of systolic clicks in both the groups. A systolic click was observed independently of age in the idiopathic group. In the secondary group, however, a systolic click was not observed in patients under 30 years old and increased with advancing age in frequency. The intensity of systolic click tended to increase in proportion to the increase of severity of prolapse in both the groups. These results suggested that systolic clicks may appear irrespective of the causes of prolapse and that the production and the intensity of systolic clicks may be related to the degree of changes in the mitral valve-chordal system and the degree of prolapse. PMID- 3256607 TI - [Four cases of mitral valve prolapse associated with ventricular tachycardia]. AB - Four patients with mitral valve prolapse and ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation were described. Case 1 was a 46-year-old man with syncope due to ventricular fibrillation. Case 2 was a 36-year-old woman with palpitation and dizziness due to ventricular tachycardia. Case 3 was a 47-year-old man with palpitation and dizziness due to ventricular tachycardia. Case 4 was a 38-year old man with syncope due to torsade de pointes. Left ventriculograms showed mitral valve prolapse in all cases. Coronary arteriograms were also normal, supporting a noncoronary etiology of the arrhythmia. Patients with unexplained ventricular arrhythmias should be screened for mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 3256608 TI - [Diurnal variation of the QT intervals in idiopathic mitral valve prolapse]. AB - Diurnal variation of QT intervals was analyzed using Holter monitoring for 44 patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), and the relationship between ECG changes and autonomic nervous dysfunction was assessed by measuring blood catecholamine during bicycle ergometer exercise and various autonomic functional tests. The following results were obtained. 1. The QT intervals in MVP patients had greater diurnal variations and the averaged QTc was in a high level all the time. 2. Positivity of the autonomic functional tests and the catecholamine level after exercise were significantly high in patients of MVP. 3. After catecholamine depletion by beta-blocking agent (carteolol: 15 mg a day, 5 to 12 months' duration), the variation of QTc became less marked. These data indicate the presence of autonomic dysfunction in patients of MVP. PMID- 3256609 TI - [Deformity of the cardiac structures in patients with mitral valve prolapse: the relationship with flat chest]. AB - In view of the close relationship of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and chest deformity, seven patients of MVP associated with flat chest were echocardiographically evaluated, and the results were compared with those of 43 normal control subjects, 29 cases with flat chest, and patients with MVP either of the anterior (25 cases) or posterior (21 cases) leaflet. MVP associated with flat chest was observed in the anterior leaflet in all cases. MVP was related to the dislocation of the two mitral leaflets caused by the displaced posterior mitral ring observed by two-dimensional echocardiography. The transition type was observed among the cases with or without dislocation of the mitral ring in cases with flat chest. PMID- 3256610 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse in patients with myocarditis and collagen diseases]. AB - The purpose of this study is to investigate mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in patients with suggested endomyocardial disorder. The study population consisted of 24 patients (group M) aged 41 +/- 17 years old, who were suspected or confirmed to have the history of myocarditis and 45 patients (group C) with collagen disease aged 42 +/- 14 years old. All patients had no left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, no LV dilatation, and normal systolic function of the LV. Thirty normal subjects (group N) aged 43 +/- 17 years old were used for the control study. In both groups M and C, cardiac symptoms were observed in 54 and 53%, ECG abnormalities in 58 and 38%, and ventricular premature contractions of 3 or 4 degree by Lown's classification in 46%, respectively. M-mode measurements (LVDd, LVDs, %FS, LAD, IVST+PWT) were not different among three groups. MVP were detected in 54% of group M and in 49% of group C. Left ventricular peak filling velocity in the atrial contraction phase (A) divided by the peak filling velocity in the rapid filling phase (R) was significantly higher in groups M and C than in group N. There was no difference in clinical features and echo findings except for the frequency of mitral regurgitation between patients with and without MVP. Thus, MVP was frequently observed in patients with myocarditis and patients with collagen diseases, who were both suspected to have endomyocardial damages. It is suggested that in these patients, MVP might be caused by post-endomyocarditis lesion of the mitral apparatus. PMID- 3256611 TI - The absence of cardiovascular and respiratory responses to changes in right ventricular pressure in anaesthetized dogs. AB - 1. This study was undertaken to determine whether physiological changes in pressure localized to the right ventricle result in reflex cardiovascular or respiratory responses. 2. Right ventricular systolic pressure was changed using a preparation in which right atrial and carotid sinus pressures were held constant. The pulmonary and hence the systemic circulation were perfused at constant flow. Vascular resistance and respiratory activity were assessed from the systemic arterial pressure and the phrenic electroneurogram. 3. Changes in right ventricular systolic pressure did not result in any consistent changes in heart rate, systemic arterial blood pressure or phrenic nerve activity. 4. Expected responses occurred to changes in the stimuli to carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, distension of pulmonary arterial baroreceptors, and injections of veratridine into the left ventricle and pulmonary circulation. This suggests that the absence of responses to right ventricular distension was unlikely to have been due to damage to nervous pathways. 5. These results indicate that it is unlikely that there are reflexes arising from the right ventricle which have a major role in cardiovascular or respiratory control. PMID- 3256612 TI - The effects of anions on fluid reabsorption from the proximal convoluted tubule of the rat. AB - 1. Fluid reabsorption from surface proximal tubules of the rat was measured in vivo using stationary microperfusion techniques. Reabsorptive rate (Jv) was measured from droplets containing chloride as the main reabsorbable anion and when chloride was substituted by bromide, iodide, nitrate, acetate, isethionate or methylsulphate in either the tubular lumen alone or in both lumen and peritubular capillaries. 2. In tubules with an intact blood supply, droplet volume decreased in a manner best described by a single exponential and substitution of chloride by nitrate or bromide had no effect on Jv. Substitution by iodide or acetate inhibited Jv by approximately 17% but substitution by methylsulphate or isethionate caused droplets to transiently increase in volume before shrinkage which was itself inhibited by approximately 50%. The inhibitory action of isethionate was found to be concentration dependent. 3. Recollection and analysis of droplets which were initially free of chloride, containing either nitrate or isethionate, showed that chloride entered these droplets, but that the initial rate of chloride entry was greater for nitrate than isethionate droplets. 4. When tubules and capillaries were perfused with chloride solutions containing no bicarbonate, Jv was reduced to about 20% of the value when peritubular capillary blood flow was intact. Substituting chloride in the tubular and capillary perfusion revealed a sequence for supporting fluid reabsorption that was identical to that when chloride was substituted in tubule fluid alone: bromide = nitrate greater than iodide = acetate greater than isethionate. Addition of 2.0 mmol l-1 NaCN reduced the reabsorptive flux to zero. 5. The results of this study are consistent with transcellular transport of anions across the proximal tubular epithelium. The pathways for anion transport are likely to involve a series of non-selective mechanisms such as anion exchangers. PMID- 3256613 TI - Calcium transients evoked by electrical stimulation of smooth muscle from guinea pig ileum recorded by the use of Fura-2. AB - 1. Intracellular free calcium levels were recorded in strips of longitudinal smooth muscle from guinea-pig ileum, by the use of the fluorescent calcium indicator Fura-2. 2. The resting intracellular free calcium concentration was estimated to be 210 nM. Many muscle strips showed spontaneous bursts of contractions, accompanied by bursts of calcium transients. Following these the calcium level often fell transiently below the resting level. The spontaneous transients were unaffected by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and atropine. 3. Field electrical stimulation of muscle strips evoked a series of calcium transients comprising: (i) an initial rise in free calcium, reaching a peak within 20-30 ms of stimulation, (ii) a second rise in calcium, beginning after a few hundred milliseconds, and finally (iii) a decline in calcium to below the resting level, persisting for a few seconds. The mean peak increase in free calcium above the resting level during components (i) and (ii) was, respectively, 130 and 200 nM. The mean decrease in free calcium during the third component was to 20 nM below the resting level. 4. The short-latency calcium transient required relatively long stimuli for activation, and was not blocked by TTX and atropine. The long latency transient was selectively activated by brief stimuli, and was abolished by TTX and atropine. Thus, the short-latency component probably arose because of direct electrical stimulation of muscle fibres, while the long-latency component was due to stimulation of muscarinic nerves. 5. The first detectable increase in tension began about 100 ms after the peak of the initial calcium transient. Contractions associated with the long-latency calcium transient were much larger than those associated with the short-latency transient, even in muscle strips where the calcium levels were similar for both transients. 6. Removal of calcium in the bathing solution caused the resting intracellular calcium level to fall, following an initial rise accompanied by increased spontaneous transients. Electrically evoked contractions and calcium transients were abolished in calcium free solution, and by the addition of verapamil or diltiazem to normal Krebs solution. PMID- 3256614 TI - Parasympathetic depression of vas deferens contraction in the guinea-pig involves adenosine receptors. AB - 1. In the guinea-pig pelvic plexus-vas deferens preparation, stimulation of the parasympathetic pelvic nerves contracted the vas deferens then depressed the contractile responses to stimulation of the sympathetic hypogastric nerves. 2. The contraction caused by stimulation of the pelvic nerves was initially phasic then tonic. The contractions were almost abolished by application of hexamethonium to the plexus. The phasic contraction was abolished by alpha,beta methylene adenosine triphosphate applied to the vas deferens. 3. Conditioning stimulation of the pelvic nerves preferentially depressed the phasic component of test contractions evoked by hypogastric nerve stimulation but did not affect the compound action potentials in postganglionic nerves evoked by test stimulation. 4. When the pelvic plexus was divided into two parts, one with the pelvic nerves and the other with the hypogastric nerves, conditioning stimulation of the pelvic nerves still depressed test contractions evoked by hypogastric nerve stimulation. 5. In the de-ganglionated vas deferens preparation, conditioning stimulation of some postganglionic nerves also depressed contractions evoked by test stimulation of the other postganglionic nerves. 6. 8-Phenyltheophylline (5-20 microM) applied to the vas deferens antagonized the conditioning stimulation-induced depression in both the pelvic plexus-vas deferens and the de-ganglionated preparations. 7. N6-Cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) and N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine at 0.5 microM preferentially inhibited phasic contractions evoked by the postganglionic nerve stimulation. The effect of CHA was antagonized by 8-phenyltheophylline (10 microM). 8. The results indicate that the mechanism underlying the conditioning stimulation-induced depression of phasic contractions operates not in the ganglia, but through activation of adenosine receptors in the vas deferens. PMID- 3256615 TI - Current source density analysis of linear and non-linear components of the primate electroretinogram. AB - 1. We have used the method of current source density analysis to locate the generators of harmonic electroretinogram (ERG) responses to contrast-modulated pattern and uniform-field stimuli in the primate retina. 2. Sinusoidal steady state analysis was used, with a stimulus temporal frequency of 8 Hz. Fundamental and second-harmonic response components were measured for the uniform-field response. The second harmonic of the average of contrast-reversal pattern responses obtained at a series of spatial phases was also determined in the same experiments. In addition, retinal tissue resistance was measured. All of these measurements were obtained at a series of equally spaced depths in the retina. 3. Retinal resistivity was not observed to vary systematically with depth. In addition, any plausible undetected inhomogeneities of resistivity with depth were found to slightly affect the relative magnitudes of estimated current sources and sinks, but to have little effect on their localization. 4. In a given penetration, the phase lag of each harmonic component was relatively constant with depth in most cases; however the magnitude of this phase lag sometimes varied in different penetrations. To compare data from different penetrations, the constant phase lag for each harmonic was estimated, and the response data phase-shifted so as to bring all data into a standard (cosine) phase. 5. The resulting current source density analyses were found to be quite consistent in overall form for different penetrations and in different animals. These data were averaged to obtain a final estimate of the depth profiles for generators of different ERG components. 6. The uniform-field fundamental response was found to have a predominant source-sink pair in the distal half of the retina (receptor layer to outer plexiform layer). The pattern (second-harmonic) response generators had a quite different depth profile, consisting mainly of a source sink pair in the proximal 20% of the retina (encompassing the nerve fibre layer to the middle of the inner plexiform layer). The uniform-field second-harmonic response showed a current source density (CSD) depth profile with multiple sources/sinks, as if it contained contributions from the other two. PMID- 3256616 TI - Stiffness changes during enhancement and deficit of isometric force by slow length changes in frog skeletal muscle fibres. AB - 1. The mechanism of the enhancement and the deficit of isometric force by slow length changes in frog fast muscle fibres was studied by recording muscle fibre stiffness changes as measured with sinusoidal vibrations (0.5-1.9 kHz, peak-to peak amplitude 0.1% of slack length, L0). 2. When a tetanized fibre was slowly stretched by 5-9% from sarcomere lengths 2.4-2.6 microns, the force rose to a peak during the stretch and then decreased towards a steady level higher than that during the ordinary isometric tetanus at the same sarcomere length. 3. The stiffness of the fibre first rose abruptly in response to stretch and then started to decrease linearly while the stretch went on; after the completion of stretch the stiffness decreased towards a steady value which was equal to that during the isometric tetanus at the same sarcomere length, indicating that the enhancement of isometric force is associated with decreased stiffness. 4. If a tetanized fibre was slowly released by 4-12% from sarcomere lengths 2.55-2.7 microns, the steady force attained after the completion of release was lower than that during an isometric tetanus at the same sarcomere length. 5. The stiffness of the fibre changed in parallel with the force both during and after the applied release. 6. Recordings of the segmental length changes along the fibre with a high-speed video system (200 frames/s) indicated that all segments lengthened in response to the applied stretch. 7. The segmental length changes in response to the applied release were markedly non-uniform; the length of a segment located at the centre of the fibre did not change appreciably both during and after the release. 8. These results are discussed in terms of cross-bridge performance and structure of the myofilament lattice. PMID- 3256617 TI - Long-latency stretch reflexes as co-ordinated functional responses in man. AB - 1. Reflex activity in human arm muscles has been measured in response to torque perturbations around the elbow joint in the flexion-extension direction and/or the supination-pronation direction. Intramuscular fine-wire electrodes were used to record electromyographic (EMG) activity in the muscles. A pre-load was applied in the same direction as or in a different direction to the perturbation. The subjects were instructed to 'hold on', which means that they had to actively resist the perturbation without unduly co-activating their muscles. 2. The EMG activity showed segmented reflex responses with short-latency (25-50 ms) and long latency (50-75 ms) components, followed by other bursts of activity which probably originated from the subject's voluntary or triggered reactions. 3. Motor units in m. triceps gave short-latency and long-latency responses to imposed elbow extension but only long-latency responses were seen to imposed pronation, which does not stretch m. triceps. Motor units in m. brachialis gave short latency and long-latency excitatory (inhibitory) responses to imposed extension (flexion) torques. However, only long-latency inhibitory responses were observed to imposed pronation torques. Motor units in m. biceps gave short-latency and long-latency excitatory responses to imposed pronation torques. 4. These results show that the long-latency reflex cannot be the result of a simple feed-back mechanism that controls muscle length only. We argue that the long-latency reflex activity reflects the co-ordinated activation of muscles which is necessary for an adequate response. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the distribution of long-latency reflex activity over muscles was found to be similar to the distribution of activation found during a voluntary exerted torque in the direction opposite to the applied perturbation. PMID- 3256618 TI - Electrophysiological properties of rostral medullary respiratory neurones in the cat: an intracellular study. AB - 1. We recorded the membrane potentials of sixty-three respiratory neurones in the rostral, ventral medulla of decerebrate vagotomized cats. Stable recordings were obtained in thirty-eight expiratory and twenty-five inspiratory neurones. Axonal projections were identified by antidromic invasion after electrical stimulation of the region of the dorsal respiratory group (DRG), spinal cord, and the cervical vagus, superior laryngeal and pharyngeal nerves. 2. Two types of expiratory neurones were encountered: those in which the membrane potential progressively depolarized (augmenting neurons, n = 22) and those in which the membrane potential repolarized (decrementing or post-inspiratory neurones, n = 16) during the interval between phrenic bursts. Both types were hyperpolarized during inspiration by chloride-dependent, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) which decreased membrane resistance. In augmenting neurones two waves of IPSPs appeared, one early and one late in inspiration. 3. Five out of seventeen augmenting expiratory neurones tested were antidromically activated by contralateral stimulation of the spinal cord (n = 3) or the DRG (n = 2). Spinal axons were not detected in any of the sixteen decrementing expiratory neurones tested. Of thirteen expiratory neurones tested with pharyngeal nerve stimulation, one (an augmenting type) was antidromically activated. Superior laryngeal or vagal axons could not be demonstrated for any expiratory neurones. 4. Two types of inspiratory neurones were also encountered: those displaying progressive depolarization throughout inspiration (n = 5) and those which gradually repolarized after maximal depolarization at the onset of inspiration (n = 10). None of the former had identifiable spinal or medullary axons, but superior laryngeal axons were demonstrated in three and pharyngeal axons were found in three. None of the latter was antidromically activated from any of the sites stimulated. 5. Stimulation of the superior laryngeal or pharyngeal nerves evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in all neurones except in post inspiratory neurones. In these, stimulation of the superior laryngeal or pharyngeal nerves evoked IPSPs in five of twelve neurones tested. 6. We conclude that a spectrum of respiratory neurones lie within or ventral to the retrofacial nucleus. These neurones may control upper-airway muscles or may play a role in chemoreception. PMID- 3256619 TI - Prolonged depolarization in turtle cones evoked by current injection and stimulation of the receptive field surround. AB - 1. Responses evoked by stimulation of the receptive field surround were recorded intracellularly from cone photoreceptors in the retina of the turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans). 2. A distinctive depolarizing response was evoked by flashing an annulus of light while steadily illuminating the centre of the receptive field. The response, here called 'the prolonged depolarization', was found in 67% of a sample of 125 cones and could reach some 20 mV in amplitude. 3. The prolonged depolarization is characterized by a set of properties which include: the capacity to persist up to 17 s after the flash, a stereotypical waveform, a long period of temporal facilitation, a very narrow dynamic range, and a long refractory period (30-45 s). 4. Depolarizing current pulses (0.01-0.1 nA) evoke a prolonged depolarization which is similar to and functionally interchangeable with that evoked by light. The prolonged depolarization is thus apparently generated by a voltage-sensitive mechanism intrinsic to the cone. 5. Brief depolarizing spikes were recorded in a small fraction of cones. The spikes appear to be dissociable from the prolonged depolarization although both might arise for similar regenerative mechanisms. 6. The prolonged depolarization is typically preceded by a graded, stimulus-locked depolarization which can also be recorded in isolation by flashing annuli of low intensity. The graded depolarization is probably a manifestation of the depolarizing influence arising from synaptic feed back from horizontal cells first described by Baylor, Fuortes & O'Bryan (1971). 7. It is suggested that the graded depolarization triggers the prolonged depolarization and that complex responses arise from the interaction of these disparate components. PMID- 3256620 TI - Cardiovascular responses to stimulation of cardiac receptors in the cat and their modification by changes in respiration. AB - 1. In cats anaesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and urethane, stimulation of cardiac receptors by left atrial injections of veratridine had little or no effect on pulmonary ventilation but caused bradycardia, systemic hypotension and hindlimb vasodilation with a latency of 3.3 s. 2. The hindlimb vasodilatation was due largely, if not entirely, to a reduction in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity. 3. Similar cardiovascular responses occurred when the arterial blood pressure was maintained constant and also in artificially ventilated animals. 4. When the cardiac receptors were excited during a period of apnoea which was induced reflexly by electrical stimulation of the central cut end of a superior laryngeal nerve, the cardio-inhibitory response to left atrial injections of veratridine was enhanced but the size of the vasodilator response was unaffected. 5. In contrast, the cardiovascular effects of stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors, bradycardia and hindlimb vasoconstriction were enhanced by the laryngeal input. 6. The possible central mechanism responsible for the differential modulation of cardiac receptor and carotid chemoreceptor reflexes by respiration are discussed. PMID- 3256621 TI - The composition of extracellular interstitial fluid collected with a push-pull cannula from the testes of adult rats. AB - 1. A push-pull cannula has been used to obtain extracellular interstitial fluid from the testes of anaesthetized adult rats. 2. Assuming or having demonstrated that appropriate radioactive markers had equilibrated between the vascular and extracellular fluid compartment of the testis, the dilution of the cannula infusate by extracellular interstitial fluid of the testis has been determined. These dilutions have then been used, with the measured concentrations of sodium, potassium, protein and testosterone in the perfusate, to calculate the concentrations of these substances in undiluted extracellular interstitial fluid of the testis. 3. Sodium, potassium and protein levels in testicular interstitial fluid calculated in this way were similar to blood plasma levels. Testosterone concentrations were certainly no greater than in testicular venous blood, and may have been even less. The results with testosterone and potassium contrast with earlier results obtained with less-physiological techniques. PMID- 3256623 TI - Brain transections demonstrate the central origin of hypoxic ventilatory depression in carotid body-denervated rats. AB - 1. The characteristics of hypoxic ventilation were studied in awake adult rats after brain transections about the intercollicular level. The results were compared with studies made before transection, 17-24 h after bilateral carotid body denervation effected by carotid sinus nerve section. 2. Transection at or below the intercollicular level converted the depressive hypoxic frequency response of control studies to a stimulatory response, increased the stimulation of tidal volume by hypoxia, and so converted the dominant pattern of ventilation in hypoxia from a depression to a progressive stimulation. 3. Transection above the intercollicular level failed to reverse the hypoxic frequency response but increased the stimulation of tidal volume by hypoxia. Consequently minute ventilation progressively increased as the severity of hypoxia increased. 4. The experiments demonstrate that in the adult rat depression of respiratory frequency by hypoxia after carotid body denervation requires the integrity of a region at or immediately above the intercollicular level. In contrast, the stimulation of tidal volume by hypoxia is markedly dependent upon precollicular structures. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the hypoxic depression of fetal breathing and the biphasic hypoxic ventilatory response of the newborn. PMID- 3256622 TI - Analysis of the cardiovascular changes induced in the rat by graded levels of systemic hypoxia. AB - 1. In rats anaesthetized with Saffan, we have further analysed the respiratory, cardiac and regional vascular responses induced by 3 min periods of graded hypoxia (breathing 15, 12, 8 or 6% O2 in N2). 2. Frequently, hypoxia evoked an episode, lasting 1-1.5 min, of tachycardia, renal and mesenteric vasoconstriction and skeletal muscle vasodilatation. The tachycardia and muscle vasodilatation persisted after vagotomy indicating they were not initiated by pulmonary stretch receptors secondary to hyperventilation. We propose that such episodes represented the cardiovascular components of the alerting-defence response initiated by activation of the brain stem defence areas by peripheral chemoreceptors. 3. Each of these episodes was superimposed upon gradual hyperventilation, tachycardia, fall in arterial pressure and vasodilatation in renal, mesenteric and muscle circulation the magnitudes of which at 2 min were generally graded with the level of hypoxia. In the 3rd minute, respiration and heart rate tended to wane below control levels. 4. Vagotomy had little effect on the heart rate changes and only slightly reduced the peripheral vasodilatation allowing the conclusion that the gradual tachycardia and peripheral vasodilatation was not a reflex initiated by pulmonary stretch receptors. 5. Guanethidine given after vagotomy abolished the tachycardia indicating it was sympathetically mediated; possible initiating factors are discussed. But the secondary bradycardia persisted indicating it reflected the direct effect of hypoxia on cardiac pacemaker tissue. 6. The peripheral vasodilatation persisted after guanethidine or phentolamine indicating it was mainly attributable to the local vasodilator effects of tissue hypoxia. 7. It is proposed that the components of the alerting response are an integral part of the response to systemic hypoxia. Further, that in the rat this response is superimposed upon, but may be overcome by the direct effects of hypoxia on peripheral vasculature, heart and central nervous system. PMID- 3256624 TI - Carbohydrate homeostasis and post-exercise ketosis in trained and untrained rats. AB - 1. Experiments were carried out to establish what relationship there is between the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood and the concentrations of glycogen in muscle and liver of thirty-six trained and thirty-six untrained rats exercised at the same absolute load. There were, in addition, non-exercised control animals (of which thirty-six were trained and thirty-six untrained) which were studied on the same day. 2. Training occurred on a level treadmill at 0.2 m/s for 1 h/day, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks. The untrained animals ran on the treadmill every 3rd day for 5 min to maintain familiarity with treadmill running without training them. 3. At the end of the 6th week, the experimental animals ran for 1 h at 0.2 m/s on a level treadmill. Blood 3-hydroxybutyrate and tissue glycogen concentrations were measured at the beginning and immediately after exercise, and then every 30 min for 2 h. 4. Physically trained rats had higher pre- and immediate post-exercise liver glycogen concentrations than untrained rats: 413 +/- 15 and 300 +/- 8 mumol/g before exercise in trained and untrained rats respectively, and 225 +/- 8 and 166 +/- 3 mumol/g immediately after (P less than 0.05). 5. Muscle glycogen, which was also higher in trained than in untrained rats, was resynthesized at approximately the same rate in the two groups of animals (9 and 11 mumol/(g h), but the trained animals were able to achieve this without further depletion of liver glycogen beyond that which had occurred during exercise. In untrained animals liver glycogen concentrations continued to drop for 60 min beyond the end of exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3256625 TI - Effects of 2,3-butanedione monoxime on the contractile activation properties of fast- and slow-twitch rat muscle fibres. AB - 1. The effects of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM, 0.2-10 mmol/l) have been examined at different temperatures on calcium transients (measured with aequorin) and isometric force in intact bundles of fibres from soleus (slow-twitch) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch) muscles of the rat and on Ca2+ activated isometric force of mechanically skinned soleus and EDL fibres. Ca2+ release and uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum has also been investigated directly on skinned EDL fibres at 1 mmol/l BDM at 23 degrees C. 2. BDM bound calcium with low affinity (KCaBDMapp = 55.9 +/- 4.3 M-1 at 22 degrees C, pH 7.10, ionic strength approximately 155 mmol/l) and did not affect the kinetics and quantum yield of the Ca2+-induced aequorin luminescence. 3. BDM reversibly reduced both force- and Ca2+-dependent aequorin light during the twitch and tetanus of all intact-muscle preparations in a dose-related manner. Twitch responses of soleus fibres were more sensitive to BDM than were EDL fibres. Higher concentrations of BDM were needed to abolish the tetanic force response than the twitch response in both muscle types. 4. The initial rate of rise and the decay rate constants of twitches in both soleus and EDL muscles were increased in the presence of BDM. Accordingly, a higher frequency of stimulation was required to produce fusion of the tetanus. This phenomenon could be explained by the reduced magnitude of the Ca2+ transient. 5. BDM reduced maximal Ca2+ activated force development in mechanically skinned soleus and EDL muscle fibres in a dose-dependent fashion. This depression of force was less sensitive to BDM than were the light transients in intact fibres. Furthermore, BDM affected EDL skinned fibres to a greater extent than soleus skinned fibres, in contrast with its effects on intact fibres. 6. At concentrations of BDM greater than 2.5 mmol/l, BDM significantly decreased the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to calcium. The relative force-pCa (= -log [Ca2+]) curves for both soleus and EDL skinned fibres were shifted to the right (i.e. to higher calcium concentrations) in a dose-related manner. 7. BDM (10 mmol/l) slowed maximal Ca2+-activated force development of skinned preparations of both fibre types at all temperatures investigated (4-24 degrees C). 8. BDM reduced stiffness in skinned preparations maximally activated by calcium in proportion to the reduction in the isometric force response. BDM also inhibited rigor force of all fibres but only if it was present before the onset of rigor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3256626 TI - Spontaneous electrical and contractile activity correlated to 86Rb+ efflux in smooth muscle of guinea-pig mesotubarium. AB - 1. The spontaneous mechanical activity of guinea-pig mesotubarium consists of fused tetanic contractions lasting about 6 min, with a frequency of about four per hour. The muscle is completely relaxed between the contractions. Stretching the relaxed muscle elicits a contraction of the same appearance as the spontaneous ones. Comparison of preparations from oestrus (day 1 of the hormonal cycle), dioestrus (days 9-11) and prooestrus (days 14-15) showed no variation in the pattern of mechanical activity. 2. The resting membrane potential, measured by intracellular microelectrodes, did not differ with hormonal phase (prooestrus: -63.5 +/- 0.84 (n = 16); oestrus: -63.7 +/- 1.6 (n = 5); dioestrus: -61.6 +/- 0.77 (n = 17]. In most recordings a depolarization of a few millivolts occurred during the relaxation period (5-10 min), but in a few cells a more pronounced spontaneous depolarization of 10-15 mV was found. Ouabain (1 microM) caused depolarization by about 9 mV, both in pro- and dioestrus, leading to the initiation of maintained repetitive spiking. 3. Contraction is preceded by a depolarization lasting 10-30 s, and when a threshold is reached a train of slow waves and spikes is elicited. The frequency of slow waves and the number of spikes on each slow wave progressively decrease during the contraction, until spiking eventually ceases. 4. The spikes are resistant to tetrodotoxin (0.5 microM) and disappear in Ca2+-free medium, which also causes membrane depolarization. The duration of contractions increased with Ca2+ concentration in the range 1-5 mM. 5. The rate of 86Rb+ efflux, expressed as fractional release in 2 min intervals, showed a consistent variation during the contractile cycle in preparations with regular spontaneous activity. Relative to the value at the end of the relaxed period the efflux rate increased by about twofold during the contraction. From the beginning of the relaxed period after the contraction the efflux rate decreased by about 25% until the beginning of the next contraction. 6. It is concluded that the contractile activity in the mesotubarium, as opposed to that of the fallopian tube (Lydrup & Hellstrand, 1986a), is independent of the hormonal phase, including the period around ovulation. The mechanism for initiation of the trains of action potentials associated with spontaneous contractions may involve a gradual decrease of permeability of K+ channels or activity of the Na+-K+ pump during the relaxed period. PMID- 3256628 TI - Physiological problems in the use of submarine escape chambers. PMID- 3256627 TI - Activation of human muscles at short muscle lengths during maximal static efforts. AB - 1. Human muscle endurance is apparently enhanced during maximal voluntary contractions at short muscle lengths (McKenzie & Gandevia, 1987) but the ability of subjects to activate muscles fully at short lengths has not been established. Therefore this study examined the voluntary capacity to activate muscles fully at control (near resting) lengths and at decreased muscle lengths. Changes in mechanical properties of twitch responses to electrical stimulation of relaxed muscles at short muscle lengths were also documented. The abductor digiti minimi, elbow flexors and tibialis anterior were studied in five subjects. 2. For the three muscle groups, the mean reduction in twitch force between the control and short muscle lengths ranged from 46-51%. AT the short length there was a 9-13% reduction in the contraction time and a 21-27% reduction in the half-relaxation time. Maximal voluntary force declined by 21-49% at the short muscle length. A reduction in muscle length produced a shift to the right of the force-frequency curve as determined by brief trains of electrical stimuli. 3. During maximal efforts single or brief trains of two to four supramaximal stimuli, delivered to the parent nerve or motor point, failed to increase the force at a latency appropriate for onset of a muscle twitch in some but not all attempts. Each subject achieved 'maximal activation' of the muscle in a similar proportion of attempts at the control and short muscle lengths. 4. These results suggest that maximal voluntary activation of motoneurone pools is possible at short muscle lengths and that the central nervous system is able to maintain the discharge of motoneurones close to 'fusion' frequency despite a decrease in the temporal characteristics of the isometric twitch. PMID- 3256629 TI - A simple test for the assessment of aerobic fitness. PMID- 3256630 TI - Step testing as an assessment of physical fitness on Polaris submarines. PMID- 3256631 TI - The Submarine Medical Officer. PMID- 3256632 TI - The submarine Medical Branch rating. PMID- 3256633 TI - The incidence of symptomatic urolithiasis in Royal Naval submariners comparison with personnel of the surface fleet. PMID- 3256634 TI - The Royal Naval Reserve Medical Branch--past and future. PMID- 3256635 TI - Do we survive with survival suits? PMID- 3256636 TI - Actigraph measurements of work/sleep patterns during a navy operation. PMID- 3256637 TI - The influence of periodontal screening upon dental hygienist practice in the Royal Navy. PMID- 3256638 TI - Some haematopathological features of marathon running. PMID- 3256639 TI - Toe temperatures during Dartmoor training. PMID- 3256640 TI - A description of the outbreak of meningitis in HMS Raleigh in February 1987. PMID- 3256642 TI - Vocational training for general practice in the European community. PMID- 3256641 TI - Poisonous fish and seasnakes in the Arabian Gulf. PMID- 3256643 TI - Assessment in general practice. PMID- 3256644 TI - Prophylactic use of amantadine in a boarding school outbreak of influenza A. AB - Amantadine was used in a boarding school to control an outbreak of influenza A H3N2. Of 859 pupils 79% took amantadine and almost all of them completed the course (100 mg per day for 15 days). While amantadine was being taken the number of clinical cases of influenza was considerably fewer than that predicted on the basis of previous outbreaks of influenza A at the school. However, during the month following the course of amantadine, the outbreak continued with many clinical cases confirmed by virus isolation. The advantages and limitations of amantadine prophylaxis are discussed. PMID- 3256645 TI - Managing the difficult patient: practical suggestions from a study day. AB - A study day for general practitioners was arranged on the subject of managing the difficult patient. Participants were asked to supply written details of their most difficult patient and the problems they associated with him or her. The issues raised were addressed in a number of formal presentations and formed the basis for discussion in workshops. This paper focuses on the underlying similarities between the patients and discusses a practical approach to their management. PMID- 3256646 TI - Health surveillance project among single homeless men in Bristol. AB - The establishment of a health surveillance system for the single homeless is described. Health checks were performed in two Salvation Army hostels by a district nurse supported by general practitioners and other workers from one health centre. High levels of morbidity were discovered and the residents were largely treated by the primary health care team. Those residents who were referred to other agencies were shown to have a high attendance rate. An open access clinic was later set up by the district nurse in one of the hostels. This was well received by residents and staff and reduced the call out rate for the general practitioners.In some parts of the UK, special medical centres for the single homeless have been established on the premiss that it is unrealistic to expect general practitioners to provide an adequate service. However, this study describes an effective service based on primary care which is acceptable to homeless people while being relatively cheap and easy to administer. We recommend the development of a peripatetic service as outlined in this study, offering health care at hostels, day centres and other places where the homeless are to be found. PMID- 3256647 TI - Prophylactic cytological investigation for cervical cancer in relation to stage at diagnosis: a study of 420 women in Denmark. AB - Despite widespread cervical smear testing 500-600 cases of cancer of the cervix are still diagnosed each year in Denmark, with over 200 deaths. The distribution of the different stages of cancer among 420 women who were diagnosed during 1983 was correlated with the number of previous cervical smears, whether done purely for screening reasons or for minor gynaecological problems. Of the women with cancer 56% had never been screened, and among these 42% were diagnosed at stage 1; 19% had been screened once; 61% of them at stage 1. The remainder (25%) had been screened at least twice, and 81% of them were diagnosed at stage 1. Among the patients who had been screened at least twice, with the last screening not more than three or five years ago, about 90% were diagnosed at stage 1 and the rest at stage 2.The introduction of cervical smear testing will thus mean a considerably better stage distribution among cases which develop invasive cancer of the cervix, and both case fatality and mortality rates will be reduced by organized programmes, which have better participation rates than disorganized use of cervical smears. PMID- 3256648 TI - Collection of urine specimens in general practice: to clean or not to clean? AB - The usefulness of preparatory vulval cleansing before urine specimen collection was evaluated in women aged 16 to 75 years attending a general practice. A total of 316 specimens were examined, 158 from women with symptoms of cystitis and 158 from controls. No significant differences were found in the numbers of contaminated or unreliable results between the specimens collected with and those collected without preparatory cleansing. PMID- 3256649 TI - General practitioners' plans for developments in the inner city: a review by a primary care project. AB - This paper describes part of the work of a development project, working in Tower Hamlets in east London in 1983-87, with the wider remit for facilitating primary care development in the inner city. Thirty-nine of the 43 practices in the district were visited and general practitioners discussed their plans for development and the problems they encountered. The paper presents the results of the discussions and the follow-up work, which explored how further developments could be brought about. It concludes that many general practitioners are considering and introducing a wide range of new developments in their inner city practices. Planning for development of primary care in the inner city should focus more closely at local levels on what practices are already planning and provide more encouragement and practical help than at present. PMID- 3256651 TI - Inappropriate use of casualty departments. PMID- 3256650 TI - Involving the patient in reporting adverse drug reactions. AB - A method is described for increasing the level of reporting of adverse drug reactions. Patients prescribed a black triangle drug (one being monitored by the Committee on Safety of Medicines) were given a leaflet by the dispensing chemists in one town, encouraging them to report any adverse reaction to their doctor. Over two two-month periods, reports of adverse reactions rose from six out of 576 in the control period (10 per 1000) to 11 out of 481 (23 per 1000) in the study period but only one 'yellow card' was submitted to the Committee on Safety of Medicines. PMID- 3256652 TI - A joint approach to smoking cessation clinics. PMID- 3256653 TI - Swan song of the CPME in England and Wales. PMID- 3256654 TI - General practitioner workload: research and policy. PMID- 3256655 TI - A survey of the appropriateness of the public's responses to hypothetical medical problems. AB - In a community survey based on the Cardiff electoral register a sample of 737 adults were questioned about what they would do in certain illness situations. The 20 hypothetical situations varied in terms of the age of the patient and the severity and seriousness of the illness. People were asked to choose from 13 reactions of differing urgency from taking home remedies, going to bed or staying indoors to dialling 999 and calling an ambulance.The authors' perceptions of the appropriateness of the reactions often did not match that of the public. In some situations, notably those involving changed bowel habits, black motions and high temperature with stiff neck, the public were thought to under-react, while in other cases, for example those involving bleeding, there was a tendency to over react. Women were more likely than men to make appropriate responses, as were those in social classes 1 and 2. Those whose education was limited only to elementary or secondary school were more likely to be defined as overreactors or changers. These same characteristics were observed in the over-65-year olds.Although the methodology described in this paper needs further development, the study points to a number of conditions where the public seems more or less concerned than the medical profession. It also suggests that health education programmes could pay more attention to illness behaviour. PMID- 3256657 TI - Domiciliary hospice care: a survey of general practitioners. AB - A survey of general practitioners in two London health districts was undertaken to gauge their reaction to a domiciliary hospice team which had been available in those districts for two years. Seventy-two per cent of the 226 respondents had used the service, 23% more than four times, and 94% indicated satisfaction at having such a service available, with only 1% expressing dissatisfaction. Although the overall response to the questionnaire was positive, much constructive criticism was also received. Conducting the survey has encouraged more doctors to use the service. PMID- 3256656 TI - End of an experiment: report from an inner city community hospital. AB - Community hospitals are associated with the provision of health care in rural rather than urban areas. However, the urban community hospital can reduce the pressure on acute hospitals and decrease the isolation of community health workers. In 1982 a community hospital was established in an inner London health district. This paper examines the role and function of this hospital over a oneyear period in 1986-87 and makes comparisons with the hospital's first two years of operation. The problems identified in the initial evaluation, such as low bed occupancy and the limited participation by general practitioners in the area, were still present. It was found that there had been a decrease in the number of patients treated for musculoskeletal, nervous system and respiratory problems but an increase in circulatory disorders and injuries or poisoning. There was also a marked decrease in the percentage of acute admissions but an increase in admissions for convalescence, rehabilitation and carer relief. Following a severe financial crisis in the health district the hospital was closed temporarily in November 1987. PMID- 3256658 TI - AIDS and HIV infection: ethical problems for general practitioners. AB - AIDS and HIV infection raise a number of important ethical issues and problems for general practitioners. The ethical issues which impinge most directly on the personal relationship between patient and practitioner are duty to care, consent and confidentiality. These issues, and some practical problems which are likely to be encountered by practitioners, are discussed with the help of case studies and by applying fundamental ethical principles. PMID- 3256659 TI - Follow up of bladder cancer--the use of screening tests in predicting asymptomatic recurrence. PMID- 3256660 TI - Online information on AIDS. PMID- 3256661 TI - Prescribing requirements of the elderly mentally handicapped. PMID- 3256662 TI - Recognition of emotional disturbance in the consultation. PMID- 3256663 TI - Treatment of cutaneous warts in general practice. PMID- 3256664 TI - Funding the National Health Service. PMID- 3256665 TI - The challenge of caring for the elderly in the 1990s. PMID- 3256666 TI - To heal or to harm. PMID- 3256667 TI - Changes in drinking habits in middle-aged British men. AB - The drinking behaviour of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns was determined in 1978-80 and five years later in 1983-85. Those with heavier initial drinking were more likely to have reduced consumption after five years. At every level of consumption manual workers showed a greater tendency to decrease drinking than non-manual workers. Of those who became non drinkers over the five years, 12% had been moderate or heavy drinkers. Men who were told by a doctor that they had developed ischaemic heart disease during the five years were more likely to reduce their alcohol consumption than men who remained free of ischaemic heart disease. Similarly, men who were put on regular medical treatment of any kind or who acquired two or more diagnoses of illness (including ischaemic heart disease) were more likely to become occasional or non drinkers. Nondrinkers at both reviews had higher rates of diagnosed illness than drinkers. In particular, the ex-drinkers, who comprised 70% of non-drinkers at follow up, had higher rates of ischaemic heart disease and cardiovascular-related problems, such as high blood pressure and diabetes, than drinkers.It is essential to be aware of the tendency for moderate or heavy drinkers to reduce or stop drinking over time, particularly if illness has been diagnosed. Non-drinkers and exdrinkers should not be used as a baseline in studies relating alcohol to disease. PMID- 3256668 TI - Influenza-like syndrome in homosexual men: a prospective diagnostic study. AB - In the course of a prospective study of the prevalence and incidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and risk factors for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome among 961 homosexual men, 97 initially HIV antibody seronegative men reported a febrile period lasting at least three days. In 60 of these men serological evidence for an infection was found: influenza A or B virus (17 men), HIV (14), Epstein-Barr virus (seven), parainfluenza virus type I, 11 or Ill (five), hepatitis A virus (three), cytomegalovirus (three), adenovirus (two), respiratory syncytial virus (two), hepatitis B virus (one) and Toxoplasma gondii (one). Combined infections were found in five men. A total of 17 men seroconverted for HIV antibody. The clinical symptoms of acute HIV infection closely resembled those of influenza A or B infection. Skin rashes also occurred frequently in men with HIV infection. HIV antibody seroconversion gives rise to a number of different symptoms and primary HIV infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of prolonged febrile illness in those at risk of HIV infection. PMID- 3256669 TI - Self-help in primary care: preliminary findings of a study in Liverpool. AB - Self-help groups are an important, but often neglected, resource in primary care. This paper reports the preliminary findings of a study of the origins and natural history of self-help groups in Liverpool, and considers the role for general practitioners in mobilizing resources to facilitate community participation in health through this diverse, and informal, sector of the health care system. PMID- 3256670 TI - A re-evaluation of the clinical psychologist in general practice. AB - Recent evaluations have questioned the early claims that psychologists make a valuable clinical contribution in general practice. In particular, it has been suggested that the promising outcomes have been the result of a 'worst year' phenomenon and that psychologists only slightly accelerate clinical improvement. This paper describes a small but relatively comprehensive evaluation of the work of a clinical psychologist. Analyses of economic and clinical data on 22 patients referred by the general practitioner indicated that the psychologist made a distinctive clinical contribution by improving personal coping strategies and reducing distress among patients with more chronic problems who did not show any such changes during a waiting list period. It is concluded that the recent negative evaluations of the clinical psychologist in general practice may have been misleading and premature. PMID- 3256671 TI - Comparison between the weekly returns service and the Oxford regional sentinel practice scheme for monitoring communicable diseases. AB - Weekly data for seven conditions reported to the weekly returns service of the Royal College of General Practitioners' Birmingham research unit over a 52-week period have been compared with those reported to the Oxford regional sentinel practice scheme. The mean weekly recorded rates for otitis media, asthma and intestinal infectious disease were similar in both systems; in the weekly returns service, mean weekly rates for common cold, acute bronchitis and influenza/influenza-like illness were approximately twice and for sore throat/tonsillitis slightly higher than rates in the Oxford scheme.In the weekly returns service no recommendations are made about criteria for diagnosis but in the Oxford scheme diagnostic criteria agreed by the participants are used. Where rates in both monitoring systems are the same, agreed criteria are likely to be conventional clinical practice and therefore superfluous. Where rates are different, the use of criteria enhances specificity of the information content but results in an underestimation of the total incidence of - respiratory disease presented to general practitioners.For common cold, acute bronchitis, otitis media and influenza/ influenza-like illness the associations between the rates in the two systems were high (R>/=O. 79), as might be expected, but these high values cross validate both recording systems in their monitoring of trends. For the remaining (non-epidemic) conditions the associations were low. There were no significant associations between the rates for asthma and the upper respiratory infectious diseases in either recording system, which suggests there was effective discrimination of asthma. PMID- 3256672 TI - Sleep paralysis: a study in family practice. AB - Over a period of two years, five patients with sleep paralysis referred themselves to four family practices in Israel serving a population of 6800. None of the patients suffered from daytime sleep attacks or cataplexy and all were from the oriental (sephardi) community. The two who were tissue typed had HLA haplotypes different from those which are exclusively associated with narcolepsy and one of them who also underwent polysomnography had a normal tracing. There was considerable delay in consulting a physician despite the physical and mental anguish caused by the disorder and some improvement was noted once the diagnosis was explained. The serious nature of the components of the differential diagnosis - myocardial infarction, seizure disorder, cardiac arrest, anaesthetic accident - makes it important that sleep paralysis be more widely recognized. PMID- 3256673 TI - Breast self examination. PMID- 3256674 TI - Management of drug abuse in general practice. PMID- 3256675 TI - Unilateral headache. PMID- 3256676 TI - Alternative medicine. PMID- 3256677 TI - AIDS and the general practitioner. PMID- 3256678 TI - HIV seropositive patients becoming seronegative. PMID- 3256679 TI - International conference report. PMID- 3256680 TI - The referral system. PMID- 3256681 TI - Medical indemnity--a collective responsibility? PMID- 3256682 TI - A model for joint working. PMID- 3256683 TI - Audit of the management of pelvic inflammatory disease in general practice. AB - There has been a change in the causative organisms of pelvic inflammatory disease over recent years - Chlamydia trachomatis is now the commonest infecting organism. Pelvic inflammatory disease is often managed in general practice and it is important that each episode is treated adequately in order to prevent recurrent infection, with its short term morbidity and long term risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy.In an attempt to document the current management of pelvic inflammatory disease in general practice, a questionnaire was sent to all 143 general practitioners in the Torbay area health authority. The response rate was 78.3%. Investigation methods and treatment regimens varied, with almost half (46.4%) of the respondents taking endocervical specimens but only 25.0% providing antibiotic therapy against C. trachomatis. Only 39.3% of the doctors considered investigation or referral of the male partner.It is concluded that general practitioners are willing to participate in clinical audits of this kind and that the management of pelvic inflammatory disease in general practice is often incomplete. PMID- 3256684 TI - Measuring general practitioner referrals: patient, workload and list size effects. AB - Individual general practitioners are known to vary widely in the number of patients they refer to hospital outpatient departments; indeed there is increasing concern that the 'high' referrers use a disproportionate quantity of National Health Service resources. Data from a one-week survey of referrals by 122 general practitioners in one health district showed that a different age-sex mix of patients consulting individual general practitioners might account for about one quarter of his or her referrals. The results also showed that different referral rates, calculated by using either workload or list size denominators, identified markedly different groups of high referrers. These different methods of measurement are discussed, and on practical grounds a referral rate based on actual referrals divided by mean practice list size is suggested for future comparisons. PMID- 3256685 TI - Referring patients to geriatric day hospitals: a survey of general practitioners' opinions. AB - Many geriatric day hospitals are under-utilized. A survey of general practitioners' opinions on referral systems to day hospitals in east Surrey produced an 85% response rate. Of the 80 general practitioners who responded 58% referred occasionally, 39% frequently and 4% never. When asked about referring patients directly to the day hospital via the coordinator instead of via the consultant geriatrician, 58% of general practitioners said they would like to have direct access, and 87% were in favour of other health workers involved with the elderly initiating referrals with the general practitioner's consent. Rehabilitation was mentioned as the main reason for referral by 76% of general practitioners, medical assessment by 56% and social care by 48%. Comments received suggested that the hospital day was too long and that early rising associated with attendance caused stress in the elderly attenders. It is concluded that the present system of referral via the consultant is not always satisfactory and that a referral card system which permits general practitioners to refer directly to the geriatric day hospital may increase utilization. PMID- 3256686 TI - AIDS and the future general practitioner. AB - Teaching by example is an essential component of vocational training in general practice and trainers should be expected to exhibit a high standard of practice. A postal questionnaire about knowledge of, attitudes to and response to the epidemic of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was completed by 114 general practitioner trainers in the south west Thames region. The findings were compared with those of an identical survey of 155 non-trainer general practitioner principals in south west London. There were no appreciable differences between trainers and nontrainers in knowledge and attitudes, although trainers were significantly more likely to have discussed the problem of AIDS with their practice staff. The problems encountered in both groups included: lack of knowledge about AIDS, inability to offer AIDS counselling and advice, and reluctance to care for intravenous drug abusers. These findings suggest that trainers need to improve their practice in areas concerned with the AIDS problem in order to provide a better learning model for their trainees. PMID- 3256687 TI - A nurse practitioner in general practice: patient perceptions and expectations. AB - A study exploring the acceptability of a nurse practitioner to a random sample of 126 patients is reported. Sixty per cent of patients either approved of the concept and expressed willingness to consult the nurse or held no strong views. Fifty three per cent of the 61 patients who had seen her already were prepared to see her again. Fifty four per cent of patients had difficulty in differentiating between the role of the nurse practitioner and the doctor and the perceived differences included qualifications, ability to prescribe drugs and the severity of the condition dealt with. Women were nearly three times more likely than men to consult a nurse practitioner. Good communication skills were reported to be among the most sought after qualities of those whom patients consult about their health problems. PMID- 3256688 TI - Learning through examinations: use of an objective structured clinical examination as a teaching method in general practice. AB - An objective structured clinical examination was written to evaluate the primary care teaching in Southampton medical school's third year curriculum. Its transition from a summative to a formative evaluation is described. During the academic year 1985-86 the examination was completed by 115 students in 12 groups, and the results give some support to its validity. Students reported that they had learnt from the exercise and the reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 3256689 TI - Knowledge of schoolchildren about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Teenage schoolchildren are often sexually active and first experiments with drugs can occur at this age. A questionnaire survey of the knowledge and source of information about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome was carried out on 232 15-year-olds at a school in Fife. The results showed that this younger age group is well-informed about AIDS, particularly methods of transmission of the virus, and that the majority of information was obtained from television (95%) and leaflets (85%). PMID- 3256690 TI - Alternative or additional medicine? A new dilemma for the doctor. AB - The growth of alternative medicine poses particular problems for general practitioners working in the National Health Service. This paper reviews the subject and presents preliminary results of a two-stage study of the prevalence of use of alternative medicine in a south London practice. Extended interviews with users explored motivations for choice of treatment and attitudes towards orthodox and alternative health care. The study suggests that many patients are making use of alternative medicine in addition to their NHS consultations without the knowledge of their general practitioners. The clinical and ethical implications of this pattern of illness behaviour are discussed. PMID- 3256691 TI - Immunization, practice records and the white paper. AB - The accuracy of all immunization records for a cohort of two to three year olds, registered with one general practice, was investigated. Information was obtained from practice notes, the practice computer, the district health authority records and the parents of those children whose records indicated they had outstanding immunizations. The combined results revealed a rate for completed immunization schedules of 72%, but the rate recorded by the district health authority was only 40%. All the records were defective because the systems for exchange of data were not functioning properly. The government's white paper on primary health care links practice income to performance, and immunization rate is one index of this. On the basis of the district health authority records, this practice would be wrongly penalized. PMID- 3256693 TI - Inappropriate use of casualty departments. PMID- 3256692 TI - Risk reduction and drug abusers. PMID- 3256694 TI - AIDS in Africa. PMID- 3256695 TI - HIV infection: ethical problems for general practitioners. PMID- 3256696 TI - [Status of the coronary vessels after a recent first myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3256697 TI - [Non-invasive and invasive evaluation of the inotropic effect of dopamine in children after cardiosurgical procedures]. PMID- 3256698 TI - [Use of a subclavian-femoral prosthesis in treating a complication after implantation of a bifurcated aortic prosthesis in a patient with hypertension]. PMID- 3256699 TI - [The age of patients with senile and presenile cataract in our experience 1977 1986]. PMID- 3256700 TI - [The age of patients with senile and presenile cataract at ophthalmologic clinics in Bialystok and Bydgoszcz 1985-1986]. PMID- 3256701 TI - [Ocular chalcosis in fluorescein angiography]. PMID- 3256702 TI - [Blunt eye injuries complicated by secondary intraocular hemorrhage in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3256703 TI - [Epiphora in infants]. PMID- 3256704 TI - Staphylococcal disease: a unique presentation of a head and neck infection. PMID- 3256705 TI - Assessing reductase enzyme activity and oral hygiene status. PMID- 3256706 TI - Ameloblastoma. PMID- 3256707 TI - Saliva inhibits HIV infectivity, study finds. PMID- 3256708 TI - On the time-dependent diffusion of macromolecules through transient open junctions and their subendothelial spread. I. Short-time model for cleft exit region. AB - In this two-part study we shall quantitatively study, using time-dependent models, the hypothesis that transient open junctions associated with widely scattered endothelial cells undergoing mitosis are the structural equivalent for the large pore pathway via which macromolecules the size of albumin or larger cross the vascular endothelium. In an earlier steady-state model [Am. J. Physiol. 248, H945-960 (1985)], the authors demonstrated that such an open-junction pathway could quantitatively account for the regional differences in macromolecular permeability observed in various mammalian arteries in regions of enhanced cell turnover as indicated by 3H-thymidine although these cells were less than 1% of the population and the open junctions occupied less than 10(-5) of the endothelial surface. The time-dependent models described herein have been used to identify a time window and size of probe molecule wherein this hypothesis could be tested experimentally in the larger blood vessels. The first stages of these experiments have now been completed and provide convincing evidence that the junctions of virtually all endothelial cells in the M phase of the cell cycle are leaky to macromolecules (Lin et al., 1988). The statistical frequency of such leakage sites has also been determined. The time-dependent models developed herein contain two important refinements that were not contained in the earlier steady state model. First the finite resistance of the open cleft as a function of molecular size is accounted for by introducing a diffusion coefficient ratio Dj/Dz describing the relative resistance of the open cleft compared to the subendothelial tissue in the direction normal to the endothelial surface. Second the non-isotropy of the vessel wall due to the elastic lamina is considered by introducing a second diffusion coefficient ratio Dx/Dz describing the relative resistance in the lateral as compared to the normal direction. This second ratio can be as large as 100 for the arterial intima, but is of order unity for capillaries. In Part I a short time model is presented to describe the initial labeling of the open cleft and the subendothelial space in the vicinity of the cleft exit following the introduction of a tracer macromolecule. This model is valid for both larger vessels and capillaries since wall thickness and curvature and the interaction between leakage sites does not enter into the model description. In Part II (Wen et al., 1988) a long-time model is developed for larger vessels only which is valid for greater times including steady-state labeling. PMID- 3256709 TI - Categorical discriminant analysis of 3'-splice site signals of mRNA precursors in higher eukaryote genes. AB - With regard to the signals that direct excision of introns from mRNA precursors in higher eukaryote genes, a consensus sequence, (sequence; see text); has been proposed for the 3'-splice site, but actual 3'-splice site sequences differ from it to a greater or lesser degree. In the present paper, nucleotide sequences were transformed into categorical data, and quantification analysis (class II), as proposed by Hayashi, was applied to the system. Categorical weights given to variables related to position and the species of nucleotide were estimated so that the two classes of 3'-splice site sequences and sequences other than 3' splice site might be discriminated most distinctly. The 3'-splice site signals were then characterized in terms of these categorical weight values. We also calculated partial correlation coefficient values, which explain the relative importance of each position in the 3'-splice site signal sequence. PMID- 3256710 TI - Comments on the molecular jet process for the in vitro movements: is it valid to use steady state kinetics to analyse actin-myosin based motility? PMID- 3256711 TI - Linkage relations for individual-site binding data. PMID- 3256712 TI - Possible reason for the preferential insertion of adenine opposite abasic lesions in DNA. PMID- 3256713 TI - A speculation on the nature of chromosomal DNA. PMID- 3256714 TI - Comment on Harpending's and Roger's model of intergroup selection. PMID- 3256715 TI - Evolutionarily stable strategies of mutual help between relatives having unequal fertilities. AB - The evolutionarily stable strategy of mutual help between relatives having unequal fertilities is studied in a kin selection model, which also takes into account competition between kins and the possibility of reciprocation. It turns out that competition and reciprocation can establish ESSs which are completely different from those expected by Hamilton's basic theory. PMID- 3256716 TI - Theoretical estimation of the calcium-binding constants for proteins from the troponin C superfamily based on a secondary structure prediction method. I. Estimation procedure. AB - Proteins belonging to the TNC superfamily are known to be built of two, three, four, or six domains of closely similar amino acid sequences. Each domain binds no more than one calcium ion and shows a characteristic helix-loop-helix structure when in the calcium-bound state. Conformational properties of all the domains known so far have been analysed by us using a secondary structure prediction method (Garnier, J., Osguthorpe, D.J. & Robson, B. (1978). J. molec. Biol. 120, 97). Significant differences in distribution of residues predicted as being in the helical, beta-turn, and coil conformations have been found between the strongly, weakly, and non-binding domains. We could determine the ideal prediction pattern characteristic for the domains with the highest affinity for calcium. On the basis of our analysis and observations made by other authors we worked out a few simple rules which made it possible to compare conformational properties of a given domain with the ideal reference pattern and estimate, in this way, the Ca2+-binding constant of the domain. In native proteins the domains are known to be organized in pairs. The Ca2+-binding constant for a two-domain region could be evaluated from the sum of the estimation points attributed to each of its components. Using our method it is possible to predict the binding constants of typical domains and two-domain regins with a precision of one order of magnitude. Data on amino acid sequences and calcium-binding constants of all known proteins, believed to be the members of the TNC superfamily, have been reviewed. References to virtually all papers published on this subject before the end of 1987 are given. PMID- 3256717 TI - Theoretical estimation of the calcium-binding constants for proteins from the troponin C superfamily based on a secondary structure prediction method. II. Applications. AB - Ca2+-binding properties of the following proteins, classified as members of the troponin C (TNC) superfamily have been discussed: TNCs, calmodulins (CaMs), vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs), myosin light chains (LCs), S-100 chains, parvalbumins (PVs), oncomodulin (OCM), sarcoplasmic calcium binding proteins (SCPs), calcineurin B (CB) and calcium vector protein (CaVP). Assuming the most probable domain pairing, the Ca2+-binding constants of these proteins have been predicted from their sequences using the method presented in the preceding paper. The results are critically compared with the available experimental data. For some proteins (TNCs, CaMs, CaBPs, LCs, CB and CaVP) our predictions are consistent with the experimental results. For the others, substantial discrepancies between the predicted and measured KCa values are observed. They result from some structural peculiarities of those proteins: a unique, three-domain organization in the case of PVs and OCM, unusual sequences of binding loops in the case of S-100 and a lack of a standard helix-loop-helix organization of Ca2+-binding domains in the case of SCPs. PMID- 3256718 TI - The perfection of substrate-channelling in interacting enzyme systems: energetics and evolution. AB - Some implications of substrate channelling in interacting enzyme systems are considered, with regard to the energetics and evolution of enzyme action. The transient time, a key analytical parameter relating to the phenomenon of channelling, is the basis of our kinetic study. Bounds on the kinetics of multienzyme complexes are established using (apparent) rate constants emanating from the transient-time formulation of coupled reactions. From a transition state representation of the rate process, it is shown how dynamically and statically organized enzyme systems lead to the modification of current ideas on the evolutionary optimization of the energy profile of enzyme catalysis in situ. PMID- 3256719 TI - Free fitness that always increases in evolution. AB - I here introduce a free fitness function in population biology, which monotonically increases with time and takes its maximum at the evolutionary equilibrium. By suitably defining an "index" for each state, the free fitness is expressed as the average index plus an entropy term. In many cases, the index has a biologically clear meaning, such as the logarithmic population mean fitness. The technique is applicable to any Markov process model (either continuous or discrete) with a positive steady state. I discuss four examples from various branches of population biology: (1) one-locus-two-allele system of population genetics with mutation, selection, and random genetic drift; (2) evolutionary dynamics of quantitative characters; (3) a molecular evolution model; and (4) an ecological succession model. Introducing free fitness clarifies the balance between systematic forces (e.g. natural selection or successional trend toward the climax) and disturbing processes (e.g. random drift). PMID- 3256720 TI - Ecological structures recognized by means of entropy analysis: assessment of differences between entropy values. AB - A procedure is outlined for the assessment of differences between entropy values obtained from a data set. The problem posed is that of identifying the data matrix representing least uncertainty in the disposition of its elements from two or more given matrices. Monte Carlo simulations were used, through which the maximum and minimum entropy values that could be obtained from each data set were estimated. Such values could be obtained by randomly interchanging the elements of each matrix and may serve as references in estimating the degree of order or randomness that an original matrix possesses. PMID- 3256721 TI - Quantization of directional properties in biological structures using the Minimal Spanning Tree. AB - A method that uses the Minimal Spanning Tree graph has previously been developed (Dussert et al., 1987, J. theor. Biol. 125, 317) in order to analyse the degree of order in biological structures. This graph is shown here to be very powerful in bringing out directional properties of biological structures which cannot be revealed by a simple visual examination. The method is illustrated by means of various computer simulations. PMID- 3256722 TI - A novel method for nucleic acid sequence determination. AB - We describe a novel sequencing methodology which should be readily and completely automated. The method relies on fragmentation of a nucleotide or deoxynucleotide sequence into short fragments, and subsequent quantitation of the fragments by hybridization to oligo-deoxynucleotides on a solid support. The original sequence may be reconstructed from the resulting table of fragment frequencies. We present a specific protocol which would allow practical implementation of this approach. PMID- 3256723 TI - Spatial dependence of stress distribution for rod-shaped bacteria. AB - The stress distribution in the cylindrical portion of the cell envelope of a rod shaped bacterial cell was compared with that at its polar ends. Using a symmetry argument it is shown that the critical internal pressure for the initiation of yielding of the envelope material has a non-uniform distribution and is significantly higher for the polar regions. PMID- 3256724 TI - A minimal model of liver glycogen metabolism; feasibility for predicting flux rates. AB - A minimal model of glycogen metabolism can allow the estimation of the flux rates in the glycogen pathway from the time course of the intermediates in the pathway, measured during substrate administration and hormonal stimulation. The comprehensive model of El-Refai & Bergman (Am. J. Physiol. 231, 1608, 1976) consisting of six compartments and 26 non-estimable parameters has successfully accounted for the responses of hepatic glycogenic intermediates in response to a glucose load in hepatocytes (Katz et al., J. biol. Chem. 253, 4530, 1978), in perfused liver (Nordlie et al., J. biol. Chem. 255, 1834, 1980) and during refeeding in vivo (Van DeWerve & Jeanrenaud, Am. J. Physiol. 247, E271, 1984). The comprehensive model is here reduced to a minimal model, consisting of five compartments representing extracellular and intracellular glucose, glucose phosphate, uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG), glycogen, and five parameters estimated from the hepatic response to a given stimulus. Estimation of these parameters requires the measurement of the net hepatic glucose balance, the net gluconeogenic flux, and the time course of glycogenic intermediates responding to a hormone or substrate stimulus. The hepatic glycogenolytic response predicted by the comprehensive model in response to an increase in glucagon is closely fitted by the minimal model. When Gaussian distributed random error was added, 0-5% SD in the glucose and glycogen compartments and 0-10% SD in the glucose-phosphate and UDPG compartments, the hepatic response predicted by the minimal model was virtually free of the added error, and the model parameters were found to be within 30% of their true values. When the minimal model was used to interpret the experimental response to an increase in glucose concentration it predicted that: (1) glucokinase can phosphorylate glucose at rates similar to maximal rates of net glycogen synthesis; (2) futile cycling at the glycogen/glucose-1-phosphate level can limit glycogen synthesis; and (3) glucose-6-phosphatase inhibition by glucose has a significant role in net glycogen synthesis. PMID- 3256725 TI - Dissipative pattern formation in ternary non-linear reaction-electrodiffusion systems with concentration-dependent diffusivities. AB - Conditions for the emergence of ionic dissipative structures after Turing instability of a spatially and temporaly homogeneous stationary concentration distribution are derived for electroneutral ternary ionic reaction systems with concentration-dependent diffusivities. The inhomogeneous solution branch first bifurcating while crossing a critical ratio of diffusivities is given as a series of eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator. The results are specified for a model reaction system and polynomial concentration dependence of diffusion. It is shown that the inclusion of concentration dependence controls the amplitudes of the spatial distribution. PMID- 3256726 TI - Estimating the production of faeces by ruminants from faecal marker concentration curves. AB - The use of faecal marker concentration curves, in conjunction with compartmental analysis, is examined as a method for predicting faecal output in ruminants. Formulae for faecal production are derived for the various multicompartment models currently used to interpret marker concentration data. A comparison of observed and model-derived estimates of faecal dry matter production using three different markers is given for sheep consuming hay or a mixed diet. PMID- 3256727 TI - The continuum model and c-myc synthesis during the division cycle. AB - Discordant results on the synthesis of c-myc gene products during the division cycle are reanalyzed and shown to be understood in light of the continuum model. It is proposed that there is no G1-phase dependence of c-myc synthesis. The large amount of data supporting G1-specific syntheses and a G(0) state must be re examined. PMID- 3256728 TI - Pathways of water through erythrocyte membranes. Routes along defect structures. AB - A new model for the passive (diffusional) permeation of water and for the transfer of protons across membranes from mammalian erythrocytes is presented. The proton transfer is anion-coupled through the action of the band3 protein. Inhibition studies reveal that the pathways for the anion- and water-exchange are independent. Dynamic grain boundaries and defect structures in thermodynamic equilibrium (steady state in the general case) with the membrane are considered to be the major routes for the water permeation. Modulators of membrane functions may either act only locally or may lead to a reordering of the membrane. The specific inhibitor of the anion-exchange, 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2-2' disulfonic acid (DIDS), is considered to induce only local effects by closing the anion-transfer gate. The more unspecific binding of the mercurial p chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid (pCMBS) should change the membrane aggregational states. Thus pCMBS can reduce the water permeation and at the same time stimulate the passive proton translocation as is experimentally observed. PMID- 3256729 TI - Laminar and turbulent flow in the mammalian aorta: Reynolds number. AB - Laminar to turbulent flow transition in the mammalian aorta is generally characterized by Reynolds number. When dimensional analysis is applied to obtain the Reynolds number in allometric form, it is found that this number is not invariant of body weight but is approximately proportional to body length dimensions. This implies that flow in the aorta of large mammals is turbulent and laminar in smaller mammals during most of ventricular ejection. Since Reynolds number is defined for steady flow through rigid tubes, it may not reflect the actual fluid behavior of pulsatile flow in compliant vessels such as the aorta. In addition, turbulence is frequency dependent. The larger compliance of the aorta and the slower heart rate in larger mammals and the shorter entrance length and higher heart rate in smaller mammals lead to equal prevalence of turbulence. The consequence is that the aortic flow waveforms remain similar in all mammals. PMID- 3256730 TI - Sex ratio under conditional sex expression. AB - We present a model to show that, when sex depends on environment rather than genotype, the sex expressed under relatively unfavorable conditions will be more abundant. This result refers to numbers of males and females in the population. By contrast, no clear prediction can be made about the allocation of resources to the two sexes. The model is constructed to highlight the logical relationship between the distribution of resources to the two sexes and the relative numbers of males and females. The predicted bias in numbers toward the sex developing under unfavorable conditions depends on the assumption that fitness either increases or decreases steadily according to the quantitative variable on which sex expression depends. PMID- 3256731 TI - A method for predicting the cranio-caudal position of secondary embryonic structures. AB - The morphogenetic events that give rise to a specific body pattern have to date avoided extensive elucidation. Extant models of pattern formation have dealt almost exclusively with the "primary patterning" of structures in the embryo. These "universal" models fail to explain many morphological conditions, such as the simultaneous change in position of the limbs, celom, mesonephros, and umbilical artery relative to the somites as a result of a single mutation. In the present paper, we propose that the relation between two non-periodic waves may function to determine the position of "secondary structures", such as the limbs, in the embryo, relative to primary structures such as the somites. We propose that if two morphogenetic events are initiated at different times from the same region of the embryo, and are progressing in a cranio-caudal sequence at different rates, then the location of a given structure along the body axis can be described as a function of the two events. Applications and predictions based on the proposal are presented. Evidence from observations of morphogenetic events in the chick embryo, which tend to support the model, are also presented. PMID- 3256732 TI - The general modifier ("allosteric") unireactant enzyme mechanism: redundant conditions for reduction of the steady state velocity equation to one that is first degree in substrate and effector. AB - The general unireactant modifier mechanism in the absence of product can be described by the following linked reactions: E + S k1 in equilibrium k-1 ES k3--- E + P; E + I k5 in equilibrium k-5 EI; EI + S k2 in equilibrium k-2 ESI k4----EI + P; and ES + I k6 in equilibrium k-6 ESI where S is a substrate and I is an effector. A full steady state treatment yields a velocity equation that is second degree in both [S] and [I]. Two different conditions (or assumptions) permit reduction of the velocity equation to one that is first degree in [S] and [I]. These are (a) that k-2k3 = k-1k4 (Frieden, C., J. Biol. Chem. 239, pp. 3522-3531, (1964)) and (b) that the I-binding reactions are at equilibrium (Reinhart, G. D., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 224, pp. 389-401 (1983)). It is shown that each condition gives rise to the other (i.e., if the I-binding reactions are at equilibrium, then k-2k3 must equal k-1k4 and vice-versa). If one assumes equilibrium for the I binding steps, the velocity equation derived by the method of Cha (J. Biol. Chem. 243, pp. 820-825 (1968)) is apparently second degree in [I] (Segel, I. H., Enzyme Kinetics, p. 838, Wiley-Interscience (1975)), but reduces to a first degree equation when the relationship derived by Frieden is inserted. If one starts by assuming a single equilibrium condition for I binding, e.g., k-5[EI] = k5[E][I] or k-6[ESI] = k6[ES][I], then a traditional algebraic manipulation of the remaining steady state equations provides first degree expressions for the concentrations of all enzyme species and also discloses the Frieden relationship. PMID- 3256734 TI - Biological implications of complementary hydropathy of amino acids. AB - The principle of complementary hydropathy predicts that peptides coded for by opposing DNA strands will bind one another because highly hydrophilic amino acids will be complemented by hydrophobic ones and vice versa. This paper provides the chemical plausibility for such interactions. It is suggested that exons coding for interacting peptides were juxtaposed and co-evolved together. Present day genes are no longer thus arranged because of duplications and exon shuffling. PMID- 3256733 TI - On the time course of the reversible Michaelis-Menten reaction. AB - The methods of Pade approximants and Euler transformation are used to construct approximate solutions for the time course of the reversible Michaelis-Menten reaction. The solutions are found to describe the concentrations of the various species quite accurately throughout and beyond the transient phase. To illustrate the results, the ratio of the reverse bi-molecular rate constant to the forward bi-molecular rate constant, k2/k1, is varied from 0.1 to 5, and the initial enzyme-to-substrate concentration ratio is changed from 0.01 to 5. Only when k 2/k1 is less than one, the concentration of the intermediate complex, y(t), undergoes a maximum (steady state); for all other values of this ratio, y(t) increases monotonically with time t, to the equilibrium value, i.e. no maximum is attained. The present methods are particularly useful when the total enzyme concentration is comparable to, or greater than the initial substrate concentration, a situation commonly found under in vivo conditions. PMID- 3256735 TI - Development of a model for point source electrical fibre bundle stimulation. PMID- 3256737 TI - Role of viscosity in frequency-dependent reflection from discontinuities in liquid-filled tubes. PMID- 3256736 TI - High-frequency oscillatory pressure/flow relationship in the airways of laryngo tracheo-bronchial tree casts. PMID- 3256739 TI - In vitro determination of lung airway compliance in small animals. PMID- 3256738 TI - Dynamic relationship between EMG and torque at the human ankle: variation with contraction level and modulation. PMID- 3256740 TI - Self-calibrating interference refractometer using a linear photodiode array for anaesthetic gas analysis. PMID- 3256741 TI - Mathematical stimulation of an amperometric enzyme-substrate electrode with a pO2 basic sensor. Part 1. Mathematical model and simulation of the pO2 basic sensor. PMID- 3256742 TI - Mathematical simulation of an amperometric enzyme-substrate electrode with a pO2 basic sensor. Part 2. Mathematical simulation of the glucose oxidase glucose electrode. PMID- 3256743 TI - Oxygen sensitivity of recessed and unrecessed antimony pH microelectrodes. PMID- 3256744 TI - Construction of linear resistance units for a model lung. PMID- 3256745 TI - Microprocessor automatic multiple temperature measurement device. PMID- 3256746 TI - Remote vital-signs monitor using a dial-up telephone line. PMID- 3256747 TI - Exponential equation to study the fast latency variations of evoked potential waves obtained from young children. PMID- 3256748 TI - Real-time adaptive sampling with the fan algorithm. PMID- 3256749 TI - Prototype for real-time adaptive sampling using the fan algorithm. PMID- 3256750 TI - Investigation and comparison of some models for removing ocular artefacts from EEG signals. Part 1. Review of models and data analysis. PMID- 3256751 TI - Investigation and comparison of some models for removing ocular artefacts from EEG signals. Part 2. Quantitative and pictorial comparison of models. PMID- 3256752 TI - Results of modelling and physiological examination of movement-related heart-rate reactions in neonates. PMID- 3256753 TI - Microscopic and macroscopic volume conduction in skeletal muscle tissue, applied to simulation of single-fibre action potentials. PMID- 3256754 TI - Sensitivity of the amplitude of the single muscle fibre action potential to microscopic volume conduction parameters. PMID- 3256755 TI - On the magnetic field and the electrical potential generated by bioelectric sources in an anisotropic volume conductor. PMID- 3256756 TI - Comparison of air warming in the human airway with a thermodynamic model. PMID- 3256757 TI - Continuous estimation of parameters in skin electrical admittance from simultaneous measurements at two different frequencies. PMID- 3256758 TI - Noninvasive measurement of arterial elasticity in various human limbs. PMID- 3256759 TI - The cruciate ligaments and their effect on the kinematics of the human knee. PMID- 3256760 TI - Fibre-optic laser instrument for measuring ciliary activity of oviducts in vitro. PMID- 3256761 TI - Filtering by adaptive sampling (FAS). PMID- 3256762 TI - Assessment of the Copal UA-251 automatic blood pressure recorder under field survey conditions. PMID- 3256763 TI - Graphical data compression for small memory microcomputers. PMID- 3256764 TI - Compact and easy-to-use tungsten-in-glass microelectrode manufacturing workstation. PMID- 3256765 TI - Nonacoustic contributions to the perception of fluent speech. PMID- 3256766 TI - Contrastive stress, intonation, and stuttering frequency. PMID- 3256767 TI - Perception of temporal and spectral information in French vowels. PMID- 3256768 TI - The acquisition of word-initial [v]. PMID- 3256770 TI - Detection of target phonemes in spontaneous and read speech. AB - Although spontaneous speech occurs more frequently in most listeners' experience than read speech, laboratory studies of human speech recognition typically use carefully controlled materials read from a script. The phonological and prosodic characteristics of spontaneous and read speech differ considerably, however, which suggests that laboratory results may not generalise to the recognition of spontaneous speech. In the present study listeners were presented with both spontaneous and read speech materials, and their response time to detect word initial target phonemes was measured. Responses were, overall, equally fast in each speech mode. However, analysis of effects previously reported in phoneme detection studies revealed significant differences between speech modes. In read speech but not in spontaneous speech, later targets were detected more rapidly than targets preceded by short words. In contrast, in spontaneous speech but not in read speech, targets were detected more rapidly in accented than in unaccented words and in strong than in weak syllables. An explanation for this pattern is offered in terms of characteristic prosodic differences between spontaneous and read speech. The results support claims from previous work that listeners pay great attention to prosodic information in the process of recognising speech. PMID- 3256769 TI - Syntactic representations in agrammatic aphasia: the case of prepositions. AB - The focus of this paper is the syntactic deficit in agrammatic aphasia. The specific issue is the extent to which prepositions are impaired in this syndrome. This category is of particular interest because of the unique role its members play in the grammar. This is the organization of the paper: First, several descriptive generalizations are examined critically, and arguments against them are advanced. Then, a new hypothesis is formulated, stated in terms of current linguistic theory. This hypothesis views the deficit as being partial from a syntactic point of view. The relevant notion to account for the data (i.e., partitioning the impaired from preserved prepositions) is Government, a structural relation that must hold between the preposition at issue and the verb. The consequences of this hypothesis are derived, and an experiment that was conducted to test them is reported. The findings of this experiment not only support the hypothesis, but also suggest that the impairment is unique to agrammatic aphasic patients, since the performance of a control group of fluent aphasics was different. Finally, several theoretical issues are discussed in light of the findings and of the proposed description of the agrammatic deficit. PMID- 3256771 TI - English compound versus non-compound noun phrases in discourse: an acoustic and perceptual study. AB - The aim of the present paper is to describe, in acoustic and perceptual terms, the prosodic pattern distinguishing English compound and non-compound noun phrases, and to determine how information structure and position affect the production and perception of the two forms. The study is based on the performance of ten English-speaking subjects (five speakers and five listeners). The test utterances were three minimal-pair noun phrases of two constituents, excised from conversational readings. These were analyzed acoustically, and submitted to the listeners for semantic identification. The results indicate that the distinction, when effective, lies primarily in the different prominence pattern: a sequence of an accented constituent followed by an unaccented one in compounds, and of two accented constituents (the second heard as stronger than the first) in non compounds. It is also based on a different degree of internal cohesion, stronger in compounds and weaker in non-compounds. F0, associated or trading with intensity, has proved to be the main cue to this distinction--more than duration, the major differentiating parameter in production. When an item is excised from the context, the perception of the intended category depends heavily on the communicative importance it had in the discourse. This means that information structure, through its effects on accentuation, becomes the determining factor in the perception of the distinction. The distinctive accentual pattern weakens or is completely neutralized when the test items convey old information. The degree of deaccentuation also seems to be affected by an immediately following focus, and, to a certain extent, by position. The data are viewed in the framework of speaker-listener interaction, and it is argued that deaccentuation, as well as accentuation, can have a communicative function. PMID- 3256772 TI - The emphatic and pharyngeal sounds in Hebrew and in Arabic. AB - This study addresses physiological, acoustic, and linguistic issues in the production of the emphatic sounds [in text] and the pharyngeal sounds [in text]. Approximately 300 minutes of video recordings were obtained from nine Hebrew and Arabic speakers, using a fiberscope positioned in the upper pharynx and simultaneous audio recording through an external microphone. We also studied a cineradiographic film of three Arabic speakers. Results clearly show that all the emphatic sounds, when pronounced as such, share pharyngealization as a secondary articulation. A constriction is formed between the pharyngeal walls and the tip of the epiglottis, which tilts backwards. To a lesser degree, the lower part of the root of the tongue is also retracted. The data show that all the emphatic and pharyngeal sounds we studied are made with qualitatively the same pharyngeal constriction. However, the pharyngeal constriction is more extreme and less variable for the pharyngeal sounds, where it is the primary articulation, than for the emphatic sounds, where it is a secondary articulation. Because the same sort of pharyngealization is seen for all the emphatics, we use a common notational symbol, [in text], for all of them, including [in text] in place of /q/. We note that where pharyngeals and pharyngealized sounds were realized, the Hebrew and Arabic speakers produced them in essentially the same way. PMID- 3256773 TI - [Orthognathic surgical therapy. 1. Preventive dentistry problems]. PMID- 3256774 TI - [Orthopedics in Class II]. PMID- 3256776 TI - [Orthodontic repositioning of impacted canines]. PMID- 3256775 TI - [Calculation of overjet, overbite, and skeletal overjet in relation to the Frankfort plane]. PMID- 3256777 TI - [Socio-cultural statistical survey of orthognathodontic health education]. PMID- 3256778 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the young dysfunctional patient]. PMID- 3256780 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the young dysfunctional patient. 2. The therapeutic position]. PMID- 3256779 TI - [Orthognatic surgical therapy: dietary problems. 2]. PMID- 3256781 TI - [The Gianni resistance angle in rhinomanometric evaluation]. PMID- 3256783 TI - [Orthodontic-surgical treatment of Class III dento-skeletal abnormalities]. PMID- 3256782 TI - [The use of PTFE in orthodontics]. PMID- 3256784 TI - [Functional orthopedic therapy using Frankel in Class III: orthopedic results]. PMID- 3256785 TI - [Special discrepancies between the endocranial and exocranial regions in Class II, division 1. (Re-equilibration treatment using functional orthodontic therapy)]. PMID- 3256786 TI - [Agenesis of the upper lateral incisors: the space opening solution]. PMID- 3256787 TI - [Agenesis of the upper lateral incisors: the space closing solution]. PMID- 3256789 TI - [Orthognathic surgical therapy. 3. Psychological problems]. PMID- 3256788 TI - [Ni-Ti orthodontic wire: ex-vivo behavior]. PMID- 3256790 TI - [The role of the moment in orthodontic force systems]. PMID- 3256791 TI - [Orthodontic reduction of root fractures in vital teeth]. PMID- 3256792 TI - [The cephalometric clock: a newly proposed cephalometry]. PMID- 3256793 TI - [Dysfunction of the orthodontic matrix of iatrogenic origin]. PMID- 3256795 TI - [Relapse and retention. 1]. PMID- 3256794 TI - [Idiopathic condylar necrosis in an adolescent]. PMID- 3256796 TI - [Space closure in a 4 first permanent molar extraction case]. PMID- 3256797 TI - [Skeletal open bite of the dysfunctional matrix and of joint disorders]. PMID- 3256798 TI - [Germectomy of lower third molars: surgical technic and selection criteria]. PMID- 3256799 TI - [Kinesiographic functional review in orthodontics]. PMID- 3256800 TI - [Massive protein loss of low selectivity in the stomach of a patient with Menetrier's disease]. PMID- 3256801 TI - [Neurologic complications in acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 3256802 TI - [Testicular recurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children treated by BFM 81 83 protocol. Report of the Polish Group for the Treatment of Leukemia and Other Lymphatic Diseases in Children]. PMID- 3256804 TI - [Hodgkin's disease in children--personal observations]. PMID- 3256803 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic value of testicular biopsy in boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after chemotherapy]. PMID- 3256806 TI - [Location of malignant lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3256805 TI - [Testing of individual sensitivity to drugs in human malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3256807 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 3256808 TI - Rapid urease test provides specific identification of Campylobacter pylori in antral mucosal biopsies. AB - In a prospective study, three antral biopsies were taken from 175 dyspeptic patients during routine endoscopy. One biopsy was inserted immediately into a gel containing well of a CLOtest slide and two biopsies were sent to histopathology. Using the CLOtest, 84 of the 175 samples (48%) detected urease activity in the gastric biopsy, suggesting infection with Campylobacter pylori. Histopathological examination by two independent observers reported that 93 (52%) of the biopsies contained Campylobacter-like organisms. The CLOtest was found to have a specificity of 1.0 and sensitivity of 0.91, providing a rapid identification of most patients harbouring the organism in their gastric mucus. PMID- 3256809 TI - Whether or not to give adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. PMID- 3256810 TI - Hepatic metastases due to choriocarcinoma. AB - A 34 year old female presented with weight loss and hepatomegaly. Liver biopsy revealed clinically unsuspected metastatic choriocarcinoma. Severe haemorrhage occurred, and the patient died following complications after laparotomy. The possibility of choriocarcinoma should be remembered in women of child-bearing age who present with liver metastases; biopsy must be avoided until this diagnosis can be excluded. PMID- 3256812 TI - Successful reversal of sleep apnoea syndrome following treatment for acromegaly, confirmed by polygraphic studies. AB - A patient with acromegaly was shown to have obstructive sleep apnoea by polygraphic recordings. Following successful hypophysectomy, further recordings demonstrated resolution of obstructive sleep apnoea. PMID- 3256811 TI - Hypopituitarism in the elderly in the presence of elevated thyroid stimulating hormone levels. AB - Two cases of primary hypothyroidism with hypopituitarism in elderly patients are reported. The elevated levels of thyroid stimulating hormone led to delay in the recognition of accompanying pituitary failure. Elderly patients should not be commenced on thyroxine replacement therapy until the possibility of hypopituitarism and cortisol deficiency has been excluded. PMID- 3256813 TI - Cranial diabetes insipidus caused by giant cell arteritis. AB - A 78 year old woman was admitted with symptoms of diabetes insipidus and was found to have a high ESR, the cause of which was uncertain. Five months later she presented with blindness, and cranial arteritis was confirmed by temporal artery biopsy. The endocrine abnormality returned to normal after steroid therapy. The association between these two conditions is discussed. PMID- 3256814 TI - Portal hypertension secondary to azathioprine in myasthenia gravis. AB - A 52 year old man with myasthenia gravis and normal liver function was treated with neostigmine, prednisolone and azathioprine. Three years after starting azathioprine he developed clinical evidence of portal hypertension. A liver biopsy showed nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH). The development of NRH following azathioprine treatment in a patient with myasthenia gravis strengthens the case for a causal role of azathioprine in producing NRH and portal hypertension. PMID- 3256815 TI - Addison's disease presenting as anorexia nervosa in a young man. AB - A young man with a long history of obsessional traits and food fads presented with anorexia, vomiting and marked weight loss. He showed little concern for his physical state and his vomiting was frequently witnessed as self-induced. A diagnosis of anorexia nervosa was made and he took his own discharge from hospital. He was readmitted one month later, severely cachectic and with biochemical abnormalities consistent with advanced Addison's disease which was subsequently confirmed. He responded dramatically, both mentally and physically, to corticosteroid therapy. It is likely that anorexia nervosa, relatively rare in males, was a manifestation of the psychological abnormalities commonly seen in severe Addison's disease. PMID- 3256816 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda in association with the human immunodeficiency virus infection. AB - A 42 year old heterosexual male with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection presented with a 2-week history of tense blistering skin lesions following azidothymidine therapy. Urinary porphyrin excretion confirmed the diagnosis of porphyria cutanea tarda. The blisters resolved following the withdrawal of the drug but recurred when rechallenged. Three other cases of porphyria cutanea tarda, not associated with azidothymidine, who subsequently developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have recently been described. If azidothymidine is not the precipitating agent, it is possible that human immunodeficiency virus itself can impair porphyrin metabolism, leading to the clinical and biochemical features of porphyria cutanea tarda. PMID- 3256817 TI - Distended oesophagus as a cause of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. AB - We report an unusual case of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy caused by gross oesophageal distension due to achalasia. PMID- 3256818 TI - Spontaneous tension pyopneumopericardium--a case with recovery after surgery. AB - Tension pyopneumopericardium is a rare condition with a very high mortality. The majority of cases are due to perforation of oesophagus or bronchi into the pericardial cavity. We report a patient with spontaneous pyopneumopericardium who survived with antibiotic treatment and surgical drainage. PMID- 3256819 TI - Scarlet fever can mimic toxic shock syndrome. AB - We describe a patient who presented with a widespread erythematous rash, diarrhoea, confusion, pre-renal uraemia and hyponatraemia. The diagnosis of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome seemed likely as she was menstruating and there was no evidence of pharyngitis. A rising ASO titre confirmed a streptococcal aetiology and thus 'toxic' scarlet fever. Toxic shock syndrome and toxic scarlet fever are compared. PMID- 3256820 TI - Myocardial infarction: a complication of amitriptyline overdose. AB - A 22 year old woman was admitted with amitriptyline overdose. Twenty six hours later she developed acute myocardial infarction. Cardiotoxic effects of tricyclic antidepressants are discussed and the importance of considering myocardial infarction as a complication of tricyclic antidepressant overdose is emphasized. PMID- 3256821 TI - Peritonitis due to perforated mesenteric fibroma--an hormonal aetiology? AB - Peritonitis is a very rare complication of mesenteric fibromatosis. A case is reported which occurred 6 days post-partum. It is suggested that such lesions are hormone-sensitive. PMID- 3256822 TI - Long-term improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction during continuous PGE1-therapy in a patient with congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3256823 TI - Plasma urea, an unreliable indicator of renal function in hepatic failure. PMID- 3256824 TI - Dermatitis artefacta complicated by a cerebral abscess. PMID- 3256825 TI - Bilateral pelvic masses in a long-distance cyclist. PMID- 3256826 TI - Thoracic medicine--research resources. PMID- 3256828 TI - AIDS--what to do. PMID- 3256827 TI - Psychosocial problems in patients with HIV infection. PMID- 3256830 TI - The management of bleeding in pregnancy. PMID- 3256829 TI - Psychiatric emergencies in general practice. PMID- 3256831 TI - The multiply-injured patient and the GP. PMID- 3256832 TI - Suspected child sexual abuse: what to do. PMID- 3256833 TI - Functional screening of elderly people living at home. PMID- 3256834 TI - New patients. PMID- 3256835 TI - David El Kabir. Interview by Isabel Collins. PMID- 3256836 TI - Pommie locum: general practice in Australia. PMID- 3256837 TI - Inhaled nebulised morphine and diamorphine: useful in general practice? PMID- 3256838 TI - Pre-pregnancy counselling. PMID- 3256839 TI - An answer to Eva Barr's problems. PMID- 3256840 TI - Hearing aids: a guide for GPs. PMID- 3256841 TI - Do women take the oral contraceptive pill correctly? PMID- 3256842 TI - Being a boss. PMID- 3256843 TI - Fitness and its measurement. PMID- 3256844 TI - Working with ... the hospital doctor. PMID- 3256845 TI - Refractive surgery for myopia. PMID- 3256846 TI - Blood pressure measurement in primary care. PMID- 3256847 TI - Folic acid therapy dangers. PMID- 3256848 TI - Finger-prick blood samples: full blood counts in general practice. PMID- 3256849 TI - Managing the partnership. PMID- 3256850 TI - Night visits and the disturbance factor. PMID- 3256851 TI - The use of time in the consultation. PMID- 3256852 TI - Psychological, physical and social problems in pregnancy. PMID- 3256853 TI - Infectious diseases and microbiology. PMID- 3256854 TI - Redundancy and health. PMID- 3256855 TI - Dealing with drug users. PMID- 3256856 TI - Prevention of injury in joggers and runners. PMID- 3256857 TI - Measles, mumps, rubella and the GP. PMID- 3256858 TI - Continuing learning in general practice. PMID- 3256859 TI - Encouraging GP intranatal care. PMID- 3256860 TI - A recurrent case of dyspepsia. PMID- 3256861 TI - Tinnitus, membrane stabilizers and taurine. PMID- 3256863 TI - Edwina Currie. Interview by Isobel Flanagan. PMID- 3256862 TI - A training course for doctors' receptionists. PMID- 3256864 TI - Lower premiums for GPs to defence society. PMID- 3256865 TI - Opportunity or ossification? PMID- 3256866 TI - Is sputum analysis indicated in the treatment of the acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis? PMID- 3256867 TI - 'New style' care in labour. PMID- 3256868 TI - A potentially HIV-positive patient. PMID- 3256869 TI - Rheumatology and primary care today. PMID- 3256870 TI - Soft tissue injections in the surgery. PMID- 3256871 TI - Gearing up for prevention. PMID- 3256872 TI - A test to detect hand dysfunction. PMID- 3256874 TI - The treatment and management of soft tissue injuries. PMID- 3256873 TI - Clinical applications of magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3256875 TI - Why consider job sharing? PMID- 3256876 TI - Paediatric surveillance: linking general practice and health visitor records using computer-produced labels. PMID- 3256877 TI - Male infertility. PMID- 3256878 TI - Postnatal care and breast feeding. PMID- 3256879 TI - Working with...the receptionist. PMID- 3256880 TI - Orthopaedic problems in children. PMID- 3256881 TI - Partners in care: physiotherapy and the GP. PMID- 3256882 TI - Towards earlier diagnosis of colorectal malignancy. PMID- 3256883 TI - Adolescents: how healthy are they? PMID- 3256885 TI - The surgery of vertigo. PMID- 3256884 TI - Cholesterol and atherosclerosis. PMID- 3256886 TI - Children in sport. PMID- 3256887 TI - Safer sex in practice. PMID- 3256889 TI - A well-woman clinic in general practice. PMID- 3256888 TI - The Multiload CU250 in general practice. PMID- 3256890 TI - How I treat ... the obese patient. PMID- 3256891 TI - Stillbirth--a patient's perspective. PMID- 3256893 TI - Family therapy. PMID- 3256892 TI - Assessing family problems in general practice. PMID- 3256894 TI - Patient access and appointment systems. PMID- 3256895 TI - An increasing seasonal sports injury. PMID- 3256896 TI - A new consulting environment. PMID- 3256898 TI - Women in sport. PMID- 3256897 TI - Practical steps to starting a patients' library. PMID- 3256899 TI - Endemic strongyloidiasis in northern Italy: clinical and immunological aspects. AB - One hundred and eighteen cases of S. stercoralis infection were detected by stool examination among 4203 patients seen over a period of three years at the Division of Infectious Diseases (IRCCS, San Matteo, University of Pavia) of a University Hospital in Northern Italy. Because chronic strongyloidiasis is often asymptomatic, a 3 per cent prevalence in this selected population indicates that the parasitosis may be much more frequent in the general population of the area. Parasite-specific humoral responses were studied in 48 patients. Strongyloides specific IgG and IgA antibodies were found by ELISA in the serum of 40 (83.3 per cent) and 43 (89.5 per cent) patients, respectively, and specific IgE antibodies were detected by RAST in 39 (81.3 per cent). The specific IgG antigen recognition patterns of these patients were compared by immunoblotting with those of North and South American and Thai patients, and differences among the groups suggested the existence of separate geographic strains of S. stercoralis. This was further supported by the virtual absence in our patients of the larva currens, a common and highly characteristic sign of strongyloidiasis in subjects infected in southeast Asia. More awareness of the epidemiologic and clinical features of strongyloidiasis, with the use of serologic tests to screen candidates for immunosuppression, may result in the early detection of chronic uncomplicated strongyloidiasis and in the prevention of fatal opportunistic hyperinfections. PMID- 3256901 TI - Increased incidence of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (anti-GBM) nephritis in the Mersey Region, September 1984-October 1985. AB - We report an increase in the incidence of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody nephritis in the Mersey Region over the 13 months from September 1984 to October 1985. During this period anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody nephritis was diagnosed in 10 patients: seven cases occurred between 1 June and 31 October 1985. We could identify no common infective agent or history of toxic exposure. Although outbreaks of parvovirus infection were reported in the region during this period, no patient had serological evidence of recent infection with parvo- or other virus. The only atypical feature was the high incidence of allergic rash which was seen in four of six patients treated with antibiotics before admission. Only two patients recovered sufficient renal function to make dialysis unnecessary. Both had a longer duration of prodromal symptoms, lower levels of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody antibodies and histological evidence of less aggressive disease. PMID- 3256900 TI - Paralysis, rhabdomyolysis and haemolysis caused by bites of Russell's viper (Vipera russelli pulchella) in Sri Lanka: failure of Indian (Haffkine) antivenom. AB - In Sri Lanka, Russell's viper, Vipera russelli pulchella, kills more people than any other species of snake. At Anuradhapura in the dry central zone of the island we studied 23 patients with systemic envenoming after proven bites. Seventy-three per cent had swelling at the bite site. Neurotoxicity was the commonest sign of systemic envenoming: 82 per cent had external ophthalmoplegia and 77 per cent had ptosis. Incoagulable blood was found in 59 per cent but only 36 per cent had spontaneous bleeding. Other signs included generalized muscle tenderness (32 per cent), black urine (27 per cent) and persistent oliguria (9 per cent). Laboratory studies showed evidence of a severe clotting disorder: fibrinogen was often depleted as were factors V and X. Fibrin degradation products, including cross linked moieties, were grossly elevated, clear evidence for enhanced fibrinolysis. Intravascular haemolysis, unrelated to G6PD deficiency, was often present. Myoglobin was detected in the plasma of all 19 patients tested (range 100- greater than 8000 ng/ml) and in the urine in 14 of 18 patients (110- greater than 16,000 ng/ml). Venom antigen (16.5-702 ng/ml) was detected by specific ELISA in the serum of all patients. Its concentration fell with the administration of 50 200 ml of Haffkine polyspecific antivenom raised against Indian venoms. Complete permanent clearance of venom antigen from the circulation was seen in only one of 21 patients who were followed until discharge. Blood coagulability was restored between one and 25 h (mean 8.8) after the first dose of antivenom in the 12 surviving patients whose clotting defect could be followed; no dramatic reversal of neuromyotoxic signs was seen. Haffkine antivenom thus has limited efficacy against systemic poisoning by Russell's viper in Sri Lanka. PMID- 3256902 TI - Identification of patients at risk of arrhythmia in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - The frequency of autonomic dysfunction and significant arrhythmia was investigated in a series of 100 patients who presented with an acute idiopathic neuropathy considered to be due to Guillain-Barre syndrome. Eleven of 33 patients requiring ventilation developed serious cardiac rhythm disturbances and seven of these patients died. Approximately 25 per cent of patients had a sinus tachycardia or raised systolic blood pressure and half had reduced sinus arrhythmia indicated by an abnormally low R-R interval variation on deep breathing. Systolic hypertension and reduced R-R interval variation were significantly more common in patients who subsequently developed serious arrhythmias than those who did not. Only those patients that required ventilation developed serious arrhythmias and these were often preceded by wide fluctuations of pulse or blood pressure and transient asystole following tracheal suction. PMID- 3256903 TI - [Distribution of blood groups and hemoglobin S (sickle) as indices of negroid mixture in Diaguitas Indians of the Elqui and Limari rivers valleys]. PMID- 3256905 TI - [Prognostic evaluation, medico-surgical therapy and the course of patients with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3256904 TI - [Chemotherapy of gastric cancer using a MAF combination]. PMID- 3256906 TI - [Right ventricular involvement in recent diaphragmatic infarction. Detection using radionuclide ventriculography]. PMID- 3256907 TI - [Arterial insufficiency of the legs. Effect of controlled ischemia on the walking capacity and the ankle-arm quotient]. PMID- 3256909 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta: diagnosis using two-dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 3256908 TI - [Ventricular rate in cardiac insufficiency with atrial fibrillation, an adequate index of digitalization?]. PMID- 3256910 TI - [Abnormal response to the Valsalva's maneuver in non-dialysed patients with uremia]. PMID- 3256911 TI - [Idiopathic myocardial hemochromatosis: morphologic and ultrastructural study of 2 cases]. PMID- 3256912 TI - [Abuse of flunitrazepam by the nasal route among slum adolescents of Santiago, Chile]. PMID- 3256913 TI - [Structured abstracts. Reformulation of abstracts of clinical trials]. PMID- 3256914 TI - [Changes in hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride, after previous administration of vitamin A]. PMID- 3256916 TI - [Physicians' understanding of the mechanisms of adapting to the diagnosis in oncology]. PMID- 3256915 TI - [Treatment of cutaneous ulcerations caused by adriamycin extravasation]. PMID- 3256917 TI - [Surgical treatment of choledocholithiasis: an analysis of 145 cases]. PMID- 3256918 TI - [Admission to medical school and the needs of the country]. PMID- 3256919 TI - [Mediastinoscopy by a pre-scalenic route as an alternative for staging of neoplasms of the upper lobe of the left lung]. PMID- 3256920 TI - [Failure and recurrence in canal therapy and endodontic surgery]. PMID- 3256921 TI - [Design and construction of the Frankel IIIa or functional regulator type IIIa]. PMID- 3256922 TI - [Force systems in the segmented arch technic]. PMID- 3256923 TI - [Clinico-statistical considerations in maxillofacial injuries in tennis]. PMID- 3256925 TI - [Therapeutic risk and the problem of non-compliance in the elderly]. PMID- 3256924 TI - [Hematic levels of mepivacaine with and without vasoconstrictors after loco regional anesthesia of the upper jaw]. PMID- 3256926 TI - [Lack of dental prevention in a Salerno town. Epidemiological study using the W.H.O. index]. PMID- 3256927 TI - [Civil responsibility in dentistry]. PMID- 3256928 TI - [Preoperative evaluation using computerized tomography (CT) in oral surgery]. PMID- 3256929 TI - [Radiography of single rooted teeth with parallelism technic in endodontics]. PMID- 3256931 TI - [Age and mineralization of third molars in a group from Enna and Caltonissetta provinces]. PMID- 3256930 TI - [Dental aspects of Bourneville-Pringle syndrome]. PMID- 3256932 TI - [Composite odontoma]. PMID- 3256933 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of deep bite]. PMID- 3256934 TI - [Surgical treatment of lymph nodes in Ca of the lip]. PMID- 3256935 TI - [Diphenylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia: ultrastructural study]. PMID- 3256936 TI - [The temporomandibular joint: magnetic resonance study]. PMID- 3256937 TI - Effects of inhalation anesthetics on airway dynamics determined by phasor analysis of respiratory impedance using the forced oscillation method. AB - By expressing the respiratory system as a two-compartment model and assigning a phasor in the complex plane to each impedance element in the model, the phasor of the respiratory impedance could be constructed graphically, the frequency characteristics determined from the locus of the latter and the effects of variations in the model elements on the frequency characteristics could also be expressed as the locus of the latter. Conversely, it is possible to detect small changes in mechanical properties on the respiratory system by plotting its frequency characteristics on the complex plane. We studied the effects of typical inhalation anesthetics, halothane, enflurane and isoflurane, on the airway dynamics by this method. The inhalation concentration of 1 MAC of halothane and/or enflurane was found to produce bronchodilation associated with a significant reduction in airway resistance, but isoflurane had no such effects. As the magnitude of changes in the real part at 1 Hz, the estimated airway resistance was -2.1 cmH2O/1/s (-25% of the mean value) for halothane, and -0.8 cmH2O/1/s (-11%) for enflurane. PMID- 3256938 TI - Urinary hippuric acid excretion in everyday life. AB - The biological monitoring for exposure to toluene is based on the measurement of urinary hippuric acid concentration (HA-U). In occupational health, workers exposed to toluene are examined for HA-U, because collection of urine samples is easy. The HA-U of some designers in a great household electrical products corporation who did not use toluene occupationally showed relatively high values. From statistical analyses, it was revealed that the HA-U values of the designers who lived without family members were higher than those with family members and that the values on Monday were higher than those on Friday. Some factors which elevate the HA-U level are considered in individuals living alone and/or in life at weekends. These may be to drink many soft drinks, especially low calorie ones, in which benzoic acid is used as a preservative. PMID- 3256939 TI - A trial of alloreactive T-cell depletion using biotinylated galactose oxidase for the prevention of acute graft-versus-host diseases. AB - Galactose oxidase was labelled onto the surface of mitomycin-C treated splenic lymphocytes from BALB/C mice (H-2d, Mlsb). Mouse splenic lymphocytes from DBA/2 (H-2d, Mlsa) mixed with the galactose oxidase labelled BALB/C lymphocytes allowed DBA/2 cells which recognized the Mlsb on the BALB/C cells to make direct contact with the galactose oxidase labelled BALB/C cells. By adding galactose, sodium iodide and catalase to the mixture, the contacting stimulator cells will generate hydrogen peroxide in the vicinity of the contacting responder cells and the iodine ions will exert a toxic effect on the responder cells while non-specific cytotoxicity was prevented by catalase. When fresh mitomycin-C treated BALB/C lymphocytes were added to the cell mixture, the mixed lymphocyte response against BALB/C cells by the treated DBA/2 lymphocytes was abolished. On the other hand, when fresh mitomycin-C treated lymphocytes from C57BL/6 mice (H-2b, Mlsb) were mixed with the treated DBA/2 cells, the mixed lymphocyte response against C57BL/6 cells by the treated DBA/2 lymphocytes was partially retained. Therefore, although some non-specific cytotoxicity was present, a method to deplete specific T-lymphocytes that recognize major histocompatibility antigen from a mixed cell population while maintaining immune responsiveness towards other antigens was developed. This method may have a beneficial effect on the control of post transplant immunity and may be used as a prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 3256940 TI - Activity and distribution of histidine decarboxylase and histamine concentration in rat stomach. AB - The involvement of histamine in mediating gastric function under normal and pathological conditions has been largely established. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is the only synthetic enzyme of histamine in the mast cell or enterochromaffin like (ECL) cell. In this study, we examined, the activity of HDC by a method based on the modification of Kobayashi's method, the histological distribution of HDC containing cells was determined by an immunohistochemical method and the histamine concentration by a HPLC method in rat stomach. Histamine concentration in the total gastric layer of the fundus is overwhelming large compared to that in the antrum. On the other hand, histamine concentration of the mucosal layer of the fundus is 72.1 +/- 0.4 micrograms/g (mean +/- S.D.) and that in both the muscular and serosal layers is 7.2 +/- 0.4 micrograms/g. HDC activity of the total gastric layer of the fundus was about ten times as high as that in the antrum. Histological distribution of HDC-containing endocrine cells was observed in the basal part of the gastric mucosa of the fundus, but could not be observed in the muscular and serosal layer. These results suggest that HDC containing endocrine cells, in only the basal parts of the mucosal layer of the fundus, were similar to ECL cells and have important parts for biosynthesis of internal gastric histamine. Therefore, using the total gastric layer of the stomach was thought to be easier than using only the mucosal layer for measuring gastric histamine and HDC-activity in rats. PMID- 3256941 TI - Dental caries of 11 to 12 year-old South African children and WHO guidelines for the year 2000. PMID- 3256942 TI - General practitioner's radiology casebook XIII. Odontoma and cementoma. PMID- 3256943 TI - Continuing education in practice management: an opinion survey. PMID- 3256944 TI - [Cast glass ceramics--an alternative material for restorative dentistry. Physical characteristics with special consideration of the bending strength of rupture]. PMID- 3256945 TI - [Fundamentals of treatment planning and orthodontic treatment before dysgnathic operations]. PMID- 3256946 TI - [Variations of the facial skull with normal teeth. Illustration of tensor analysis]. PMID- 3256947 TI - [Contribution to the treatment of the Class II/1 by means of the activator headgear combination]. PMID- 3256948 TI - [An attempt at numerically evaluating dysgnathias in the deciduous dentition]. PMID- 3256949 TI - [Influence of the professional motivation in students of various areas in prevention oriented health behavior and the state of their teeth]. PMID- 3256950 TI - [Application of two in vitro methods for the study of acute cytotoxicity and surface reactivity of biovitroceramics]. PMID- 3256951 TI - [Evaluation of parameters to determine the somato-constitutional development of children]. PMID- 3256952 TI - [Hereditary anomalies of teeth--phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects]. PMID- 3256953 TI - [Three-dimensional method for metrical registration of morphological dental occlusion characteristics]. PMID- 3256954 TI - [Spectrum of variations in the leeway space]. PMID- 3256956 TI - [Foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3256955 TI - [Barriers to effective periodontal prevention and therapy]. PMID- 3256957 TI - [Clinical trial of new interdental polisher]. PMID- 3256958 TI - [Contribution to the diagnosis and therapy of condylar process fractures]. PMID- 3256959 TI - [Perceived and professionally defined need in orthodontics]. PMID- 3256960 TI - [Information on noise in clinical dental work areas]. PMID- 3256961 TI - [Computer supported determination of progression rhythms and therapy control in patients at risk]. PMID- 3256962 TI - [X-ray method and x-ray interpretation method for long term observation and follow-up in the tooth and jaw bone region]. PMID- 3256963 TI - [Influence on microorganisms in cavity floor of Calxyl]. PMID- 3256964 TI - [Study of biologic and microbiologic properties of endodontic irrigating solutions containing chlor]. PMID- 3256965 TI - [Influence of contact samples of amalgam fillers on the marginal periodontium]. PMID- 3256966 TI - [Saliva bodies (oral leukocytes) in healthy probands and in patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 3256967 TI - [Health of teeth in regard to exposure to mercury in the thermometer industry]. PMID- 3256968 TI - [Incidence and kind of oral parafunctions in children]. PMID- 3256969 TI - [Influence of antiseptic measures on the flora of the oral cavity. I: In vitro examinations]. PMID- 3256970 TI - [Operative efficiency-analysis of an outpatient department of maxillofacial surgery. Valuation of the position of ambulant maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3256971 TI - [Ambulatory oral surgery intervention in old age]. PMID- 3256972 TI - [Experimental studies on the treatment of dental amalgam surfaces. Part I: Roughness of surface of Germaden-amalgam after different treatments]. PMID- 3256973 TI - [Variance of oral fluid pH-test curve amplitudes in estimation of chlorhexidine effect on acidogenic oral microorganisms]. PMID- 3256974 TI - [Lead content of dental calculus as indicator of lead-loading of workers]. PMID- 3256975 TI - [Caries of six-year molars under conditions of a restriction of sugar]. PMID- 3256976 TI - [Perception of the microcarcinoma by stomatoscopia of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 3256977 TI - [Late results after Edlan/Mejchar vestibulum extensions]. PMID- 3256978 TI - [Risk, factors of risk and concept of the increased risk]. PMID- 3256980 TI - [Cooperation between the dentist and the dental hygienist during periodontal treatment]. PMID- 3256979 TI - [Treatment of stomato-chirurgical diseases in outpatients]. PMID- 3256981 TI - [Information on new equipment standards for clinical dental work area]. PMID- 3256982 TI - Leprosy in Malawi. 1. Sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis and the search for risk factors for leprosy. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of leprosy in the context of a total population survey are examined. It is apparent that diagnostic tools are unsatisfactory with regard to reaching a highly sensitive and specific case definition of paucibacillary leprosy, particularly in actively found suspects. Histopathological examination of 4 mm punch biopsy specimens contributed appreciably to both the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of leprosy, though there was evidence for false positive and false negative histopathology results. The needs for high sensitivity during the intake phase of a vaccine trial and for high specificity during follow-up surveys for risk factors are discussed. PMID- 3256984 TI - Earthquakes, influenza and cycles of Indian kala-azar. AB - It is suggested that previous data indicate 3 major epidemics of kala-azar in Assam between 1875 and 1950, with inter-epidemic periods of 30-45 and 20 years. This deviates from the popular view of regular cycles with a 10-20 year period. A deterministic mathematical model of kala-azar is used to find the simplest explanation for the timing of the 3 epidemics, paying particular attention to the role of extrinsic (drugs, natural disasters, other infectious diseases) versus intrinsic (host and vector dynamics, birth and death rates, immunity) processes in provoking the second. We conclude that, whilst widespread influenza in 1918 1919 may have magnified the second epidemic, intrinsic population processes provide the simplest explanation for its timing and synchrony throughout Assam. The model also shows that the second inter-epidemic period is expected to be shorter than the first, even in the absence of extrinsic agents, and highlights the importance of a small fraction of patients becoming chronically infectious (with post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis) after treatment during an epidemic. PMID- 3256983 TI - Congenital malaria in Papua New Guinea. AB - The incidence of malarial infection in pregnant women at delivery, their corresponding infants and umbilical cords and a control group of non-pregnant women were investigated in the Madang region of Papua New Guinea. Anti-malarial antibody titres were measured in maternal and paired cord sera. Parasitaemia occurred in 18/73 (24.7%) of non-pregnant females compared with 15/51 (29.4%) of pregnant females. Malarial parasites were found in 7/48 (14.6%) cord blood samples and in 4/52 (7.7%) samples of the infant's peripheral blood, indicating transplacental transmission. Infection with Plasmodium falciparum was commoner in pregnant than non-pregnant females, and accounted for all the cord and infant infections. A significant correlation was found between anti-malarial IgG antibodies in paired maternal and cord bloods. There was an association between umbilical cord infection and low levels of cord antibody. Clinical malaria developed in at least one out of the 7 cases in which placental transfer of parasites was known to have occurred. This study suggests that transfer of parasites across the placenta is a common event in Papua New Guinea. Further consideration should be given to treatment with anti-malarial drugs of infants with cord or peripheral blood parasitaemia or, indeed, of all infants of mothers with parasitaemia. PMID- 3256985 TI - Heart rate changes in rats with acute chagasic myocarditis. PMID- 3256986 TI - Canine visceral leishmaniasis at Wadi Hamam, in Israel. AB - A preliminary survey of canine leishmaniasis was made in Israel by serodiagnosis, using a direct and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three (4%) of the 75 dogs surveyed were seropositive. The infected dogs came from Wadi Hamam near Tiberias in northern Israel. Parasites isolated from one dog by needle aspiration were identified as Leishmania donovani sensu lato by their excreted factor. PMID- 3256987 TI - Clinical and immunological responses following accidental inoculation of Leishmania donovani. PMID- 3256988 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis in man and dogs in south-west Saudi Arabia. PMID- 3256989 TI - In vitro excystation and subsequent axenic growth of Giardia lamblia. AB - Six fresh Giardia lamblia strains were isolated by in vitro excystation and subsequent culturing of excysted parasites in bile-supplemented BI-S-33 medium. The cysts passed in faeces appeared to differ in structure when observed using differential interference contrast microscopy. Sometimes the enclosed organisms were closely applied to the cyst wall; in most stool specimens, however, the parasites were separated from the cyst wall by a space. Cysts with parasites closely applied to the wall were the most viable type, with excystation rates up to 90%. Cysts with organisms detached from the wall displayed low excystation rates, 0-15%. During exposure to the induction solution of hydrochloric acid (pH 2), parasites initially closely applied to the cyst walls completely detached, and after transfer into culture medium vigorous flexing movements of the organisms were observed. Stool samples from 42 symptomatic and asymptomatic giardiasis patients were examined; in 26 of the samples parasites hatched, and 6 new strains were established in axenic culture. PMID- 3256990 TI - Arteether, a qinghaosu derivative, in toxoplasmosis. PMID- 3256992 TI - Comparison between standard ELISA and dot-ELISA for serodiagnosis of human trichinosis. AB - The dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) provided rapid and accurate detection of human trichinosis. Comparable sensitivity and specificity of the standard ELISA and dot-ELISA were obtained when sera of 18 confirmed cases of trichinosis were screened. Cross-reactivity was assayed with sera from 31 Chinese subjects with other parasitic infections. Only 2 cross-reactions occurred in the dot-ELISA, compared with 7 in the standard ELISA. PMID- 3256991 TI - Macrofilaricidal activity of oral flubendazole on Brugia pahangi. AB - The macrofilaricidal effect of orally administered flubendazole on Brugia pahangi was studied in the multimammate rat, Mastomys natalensis. A micronized formulation was incorporated in the routine feed for 2 weeks, starting 16 weeks after infection. In the treated rats the microfilarial density dropped to zero 20 weeks after infection, whereas it remained high in untreated animals. When killed between 40 and 41 weeks after infection, the treated group yielded a mean of 2 male and 0.16 female worms per rat, while the untreated group had means of 12 and 15.75 respectively. Flubendazole had no direct microfilaricidal effect. PMID- 3256993 TI - Endemic non-filarial elephantiasis in Iringa District, Tanzania: a study of 30 patients. AB - Endemic non-filarial elephantiasis has not yet been described in the central tableland of Tanzania. We report the results of a clinical study in Tosamaganga Hospital, located in the middle of Tanzania (Iringa District). 30 patients with elephantiasis of the lower limbs were studied parasitologically (by blood smears) and clinically. Inguinal lymph nodes were removed from 10 patients and histologically examined. The mineral content of soil samples collected from 4 different areas of the region was assayed by X-ray fluorescence. The clinical, histological, parasitological and epidemiological data prompted us to conclude that in these patients elephantiasis was not of the filarial type, and that endemic non-filarial elephantiasis is present in the Central District of Tanzania. PMID- 3256994 TI - Results of a mini-survey of HIV1 seroprevalence in Madagascar. PMID- 3256995 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Bujumbura, Burundi. AB - In the first seroepidemiological survey in Burundi in 1984, only 59 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases were recognized. We report here clinical surveillance of AIDS cases in the 4 hospitals in Bujumbura during a 4-month period in 1986. The project was combined with a seroprevalence study of pregnant women in the 6 dispensaries in Bujumbura. 258 AIDS patients were recorded. 16% of the 925 pregnant women were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The clinical characteristics of 120 adult AIDS patients were similar to those reported in Kinshasa or Kigali. From demographic findings we presume that the major mode of HIV transmission in Bujumbura is by sexual contact. The results of this study formed the starting point of prevention activities against AIDS in Burundi. PMID- 3256996 TI - Infection with hepatitis delta virus in eastern Nigeria: a preliminary study. PMID- 3256997 TI - The prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers in dental personnel in Singapore. AB - A seroepidemiological survey of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers was conducted in a group of 693 dental personnel in Singapore where HBV infection is endemic. The overall prevalence of HBsAg (4.5%) and anti-HBc (29%) was no higher than that in the general population. However, dentists had a significantly higher HBsAg prevalence (11.4%) compared with that in the general population (4.2%) (P less than 0.01) and of other categories of dental personnel (3.1%) (P less than 0.001). Similarly, the anti-HBc prevalence of the dentists (45.6%) was significantly higher than that of the general population (29.7%) (P less than 0.01) and of other categories of dental personnel (25.7%) (P less than 0.0001). It appears that dentists in the endemic area have a definite occupational risk of acquiring HBV infection. PMID- 3256999 TI - A zymovar analysis of Vibrio cholerae isolated in Australia. AB - Zymovar analysis was used to study 50 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 and 40 strains of V. cholerae non-O1 isolated in Australia. The strains were assigned to 42 zymovars; the O1 strains to 9 types and the non-O1 strains to 33 types, with no overlapping between serovars. All the human O1 isolates, regardless of their ability to produce cholera toxin (CT), and all the CT-producing O1 environmental isolates, were type Z14. The remaining O1 strains and the non-O1 strains belonged to a variety of zymovars, and more than one zymovar was present in some rivers. PMID- 3256998 TI - Nasal and hand carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children and mothers in the Tari Basin of Papua New Guinea. AB - Nasal and hand carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae was looked at in 55 families. Overall nasal carriage was 61% (83% in children and 33% in mothers). Hand carriage was 14%. Just over half of the mothers who carried pneumococcus were concordant with their infants. PMID- 3257000 TI - Clinical and laboratory features of South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) envenomation in children. AB - The venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus was first reported to have mainly haemolytic and neurotoxic physiopathological activities. Later studies demonstrated the systemic myotoxic action of the venom, characterized by the release of myoglobin from damaged skeletal muscle into serum and urine, and a recent report ruled out the presence of intravascular haemolysis in 3 patients, one child and 2 adults. The present paper describes the clinical laboratory evolution of 10 children bitten by C. durissus terrificus; 2 developed acute renal failure and one died. The myotoxic activity of the venom was evaluated by measuring serum lactic dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase, by detection of myoglobin in serum and urine, and by muscle biopsy. Haemolytic activity was evaluated by serial measurements of serum haemoglobin and haptoglobin and by detection of urine haemoglobin. We conclude that the signs and symptoms exhibited by patients bitten by C. durissus terrificus are due only to the myotoxic and neurotoxic action of the venom. The only patients with major morbidity were those who initially received subcutaneous antivenin and did not receive definitive antivenin therapy until later. PMID- 3257002 TI - Improper practices for diarrhoea treatment in Africa. PMID- 3257001 TI - Factors contributing to fatal snake bite in the rural tropics: analysis of 46 cases in Thailand. AB - Records of 46 cases of fatal bites by identified snakes from 15 provincial hospitals throughout Thailand contained sufficient information for detailed analysis. Bungarus candidus and Calloselasma rhodostoma were each responsible for 13 deaths, Naja kaouthia for 12, Vipera russelli for 7 and B. fasciatus for one. Major causes of death among elapid victims were respiratory failure (26) and complications of prolonged mechanical ventilation (10), and among viper victims shock (12), intracranial haemorrhage (9), complications of local wound necrosis (7) including tetanus (2), and renal failure (2). Factors contributing to fatal outcome included inadequate dose of antivenom (15 cases), misidentification of the snake leading to use of the wrong antivenom (12), problems associated with mechanical ventilation (10), and delayed arrival in hospital after traditional (herbal) treatment (10). Similar problems have been identified in other tropical countries. Education of medical staff and the patient population at highest risk could reduce snake bite mortality. PMID- 3257003 TI - The acquisition of human serum resistance during cyclical passage of a Trypanosoma brucei brucei clone through tsetse maintained on human serum: a retraction. PMID- 3257004 TI - Surveillance of diagnostic and treatment measures in Bavaria, 1974-1976. Results 2 and 5 years after the start of chemotherapy. AB - A central surveillance register for all bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis cases reported in Bavaria (population in excess of 10 million) was established from 1974 to 1976. The aim of the study was to discover the quality and efficiency of health services delivery to the population in the field of tuberculosis under routine conditions, and to find out the relapse rate after cessation of chemotherapy in expatients who were found to be negative 2 years after starting chemotherapy. A total of 7850 German patients with bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed in Bavaria from 1974 to 1976 corresponding to an average annual rate of 25.7 per 100,000 population: 71% of them were smear positive and 29% were positive by culture only. Reactivations formed 25% of all bacteriologically confirmed cases. Most (71%) smear-positive new cases were discovered because of symptoms. Of the 5157 cases of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis reported during 1975 and 1976, 4% died from tuberculosis, 1% from sequelae of tuberculosis and 9% from causes other than tuberculosis. A further 3% of patients had drug side-effects, 3% were uncooperative, 2% emigrated or had no permanent address and 1% had no chemotherapy or no information on treatment. The overall results of treatment were very satisfactory: sputum conversion among 3991 patients in the group with complete treatment was achieved in 97.4% at 2 years, and in those with incomplete treatment in 96.2%. The duration of chemotherapy was long, i.e. 19 months or more in two thirds of the patients. The average reactivation rate during the 3rd, 4th and 5th follow-up years was 0.8% annually; it was higher among males than females and the rate increased with age. Of the 157 patients found to be bacteriologically positive at 2 years after the start of chemotherapy 46 died during the 3-year observation period and 109 were alive at 5 years, 23 of whom were harbouring tubercle bacilli. PMID- 3257006 TI - The protective and allergenic potency of four BCG substrains in use in China determined in two animal models. AB - The objective of this study was to compare four BCG substrains from regional centres in China with BCG-Copenhagen 1331 (Danish strain) for protective and allergenic potencies. The comparisons were made in two different guinea pig models: one, a rational animal model involving aerosol challenge with 5-10 cfu Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain H37Rv), and the other an animal model involving subcutaneous challenge with 250 cfu of H37Rv. For either model, the degree of protection was judged by quantitation of the number of H37Rv which could be recovered from the spleen. The results revealed: The allergenic potency of BCG-Shanghai and BCG-Beijing, substrains developed from the Danish strain, were comparable to that of the Danish vaccine. BCG-Lanzhou was significantly less allergenic and BCG-Chanchun, developed from BCG-Japan 172, was devoid of allergenic activity. Based on the number of H37Rv recovered from the spleen of guinea pigs killed 5 weeks after aerosol challenge, the protective effect of BCG Shanghai and BCG-Beijing were comparable to that of the Danish vaccine. BCG Lanzhou was of intermediate potency and BCG-Chanchun was devoid of protective activity. Based on the number of H37Rv recovered from the spleen of guinea pigs in the subcutaneous challenge group, the protective effects of BCG-Shanghai and BCG-Beijing were comparable to that of the Danish vaccine; BCG-Lanzhou was only slightly less potent, and BCG-Chanchun was devoid of protective activity. Good agreement was observed between the two animal models with respect to the protective potency of BCG vaccines. PMID- 3257007 TI - Psoas abscess due to retroperitoneal tuberculous lymphadenopathy. AB - A case of psoas abscess occurring during treatment of tuberculous lymphadenopathy is described. There was no evidence of a bony origin for this abscess. It appears likely that it arose from involved glands on the posterior abdominal wall. PMID- 3257005 TI - Susceptibility to tuberculosis in patients with coeliac disease. AB - An increased prevalence of past tuberculosis is reported in an adult coeliac population. Of 76 adult coeliac disease patients, 6 had had a history of tuberculosis. This compared with the finding of no cases in a population of 81 patients with non-inflammatory bowel diseases, (p = 0.023), which was matched for age, sex, smoking, ethnic origin and social class. The 'expected' number of cases of tuberculosis amongst ACD patients has also been calculated based on local annual notification rates; this was 2.9. Radiological evidence of past tuberculosis was found in 13 (17%) ACD patients, compared with 4 (5%) control patients (p less than 0.05). It is postulated that the increased prevalence of past tuberculosis in ACD patients is the result of depressed cell mediated immunity and/or malnutrition. PMID- 3257008 TI - Assay of specific antibody response to mycobacterial antigen for the diagnosis of a pleural effusion in a patient with AIDS. AB - A diagnosis of mycobacterial infection was supported by a serological assay in a patient with AIDS. Specific antibody levels were not above the threshold of positivity determined in non-immunodeficient patients, but sera obtained previously were available, and a significant rise in titre was observed. PMID- 3257009 TI - Retinyl and 3-dehydroretinyl esters in the crayfish retina. AB - We have studied chemical nature and localization of retinyl esters stored in the retina of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, which has a rhodopsin-porphyropsin visual pigment system. The crayfish kept at 10 degrees C in the constant dark had 3-dehydroretinal along with retinal in the retina as the chromophore of visual pigment. Both retinyl and 3-dehydroretinyl esters were found in the retina, more than 95% of them in the 11-cis configuration. Of three kinds of fatty acid detected in the esters, the major component (about 80%) was the polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (C22 = 6). Observations with electron and fluorescence microscopy and the results of fractionation experiments showed that the esters were stored in photoreceptor cells as oil droplets. The ratio of 3 dehydroretinal/retinal as visual pigment chromophore was always higher than that of 3-dehydroretinol/retinol in the stored esters. This result suggests a mechanism of selective utilization of 3-dehydroretinol for the chromophore of visual pigment in the crayfish retina. PMID- 3257010 TI - Taurine depletion leads to loss of rat optic nerve axons. AB - The number of axons in the optic nerve have been examined in rat pups raised by control or taurine-depleted mothers, at 21, 28 and 40 days after birth. Optic nerves from the mother rats were also studied. Taurine depletion of dams and some litters after weaning was achieved by in vivo treatment with guanidinoethyl sulfonate, an inhibitor of taurine transport. Retinal taurine content was reduced by this procedure and reductions in axon density (axons per area) were found in some groups. Comparison of axon densities obtained from light or electron micrographs suggested that taurine-deficient pups might have a higher proportion of small diameter fibres than controls, perhaps due to slowed growth and/or myelination. Reductions in the calculated total number of optic nerve fibres attained statistical significance consistently only in the treated dams. Ganglion cell degeneration may be direct or secondary to effects on taurine-sensitive elements at more distal retinal sites. PMID- 3257011 TI - Temporal properties of the short-wavelength cone mechanism: comparison of receptor and postreceptor signals in the ground squirrel. AB - Temporal properties of the short-wavelength cone mechanism of the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi), a dichromat, were explored with single light pulses and pulse trains. Both the electroretinogram (ERG) and the isolated PIII component of the retinal gross response were recorded under chromatic adaptation conditions that favored the detection of test lights by either the middle-wavelength mechanism or the short-wavelength mechanism. The ERG b-wave generated by the short-wavelength mechanism was significantly slower than that of the middle-wavelength mechanism, but there was no such difference in the PIII components of the two mechanisms. Analysis of PIII revealed that both cone types respond equally well to flicker at rates at least as high as 46 Hz. Differences in the temporal response properties of these two cone mechanisms must arise largely from post-receptoral interactions. PMID- 3257012 TI - Application of an invariant spectral form to the visual pigments of crustaceans: implications regarding the binding of the chromophore. AB - Visual pigment absorption spectra were measured in single photoreceptors of a stomatopod, a crayfish, a hermit crab, and five species of brachyuran crab. All fitted a Mansfield (1985) invariant form for visual pigment, the form also fitted by vertebrate retinal-based visual pigments. This is consistent with a theoretical model based on the structure of visual pigment molecules (Greenberg et al., 1975; Honig et al., 1976) which predicts that spectral bandwidth decreases as lambda max increases. The conformation to the invariant form implies that for any given chromophore bandwidth times lambda max is a constant. PMID- 3257013 TI - Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words. AB - Sixty-six college students read two chapters from a contemporary novel while their eye movements were monitored. The eye movement data were analyzed to identify factors that influence the location of a reader's initial eye fixation on a word. When the data were partitioned according to the location of the prior fixation (i.e. launch site), the distribution of fixation locations on the word (i.e. landing site distribution) was highly constrained, normal in shape, and not influenced by word length. The locations of initial fixations on words can be accounted for on the basis of five principles of perceptuo-oculomotor control: a word-object has a specific functional target location, a saccadic range error occurs that produces a systematic deviation of landing sites from the functional target location, the saccadic range error is reduced somewhat for saccades that follow longer eye fixations, there exists perceptuo-oculomotor variability that is a second, nonsystematic source of variation in landing sites, and the perceptuo-oculomotor variability increases with distance of the launch site from the target. PMID- 3257014 TI - The pupil's response to short wavelength cone stimulation. AB - Using i.r. pupillometry, we measured the response of the pupil to tritanopic metamers alternating at 0.94 Hz. These are lights that differentially stimulate only the short wavelength (S) sensitive cones. We find a response at the alternation frequency for 5 of 7 observers. This shows, for the 5 observers, that S cone signals can influence pupil size, probably via the traditional retinotectal light reflex pathway. Changing the radiance of just one of the alternating pair of lights causes the two lights to differ in their total M + L cone stimulation. The pupil's response to this imbalance can antagonize its response to S cone stimulation. By this procedure we find that imbalances in M + L cone stimulation of less than 0.3 log10 unit offset the pupil's response to S cone stimulation of more than 0.8 log10 unit. This suggests that afferent pupillary signals from S cones are weak relative to those from M + L cones. PMID- 3257015 TI - The role of eye movements and masking in monocular rivalry. AB - Using an image stabilization technique, we have examined the role of eye movements on the phenomenon of monocular rivalry. Cross-correlation analysis confirms that perceptual onset of the vertical grating coincides with perceptual disappearance of the horizontal (and vice versa). Vertical and horizontal retinal image motion can modulate, selectively, the visibility of the horizontal and vertical gratings. However, a stable percept was observed when constant retinal image motion was matched for both vertical and horizontal components. These results support an eye-movement and afterimage explanation for the phenomenon of monocular rivalry (Georgeson, 1984). However, in addition to enhancing the visibility of a horizontal grating, a vertical "saccadic-like" retinal image motion decreased the visibility of the vertical component. This result is consistent with rivalry. That is, the visibility of both gratings are not independent, but are inversely related to each other. Our results are inconsistent with a hypothesis for monocular rivalry based upon inherently unstable neural interactions, but they also show that unstable fixational eye movements and afterimages are not the only factors determining the perceptual fluctuations. PMID- 3257016 TI - Evidence for nonlinear binocular interactions in human visual cortex. AB - Dichoptically presented uniform fields were sinusoidally modulated in luminance, with differing temporal frequencies between the eyes. This stimulus evokes a unique electrophysiological response termed "beats"; visual evoked potential (VEP) components reflecting nonlinear neural behavior and which could only arise from integrative binocular units. Individuals with strabismus or amblyopia, which accompany disrupted binocular function in the visual cortex manifest a severe reduction of this nonlinearity, suggesting an abnormality in the binocular cortical processes underlying this response. PMID- 3257017 TI - Preferences and asymmetries in saccadic responses to delayed bihemifield stimuli. AB - Saccaadic response preferences and latencies were measured using dual targets presented at 5, 10 and 15 deg along the horizontal meridian in either one or both visual hemifields. In the unihemifield condition, subjects exhibited a strong preference (about 95%) in favor of the target presented closer to the original fixation point. Further, the presence of the second target did not increase the response latency to the preferred target. In the bihemifield condition using spatially symmetric targets, directional preference varied across subjects from 57 to 100% (mean = 83%). There was also a significant increase in response latency as compared with responses to either single targets or dual targets presented in one hemifield. This latency increase was observed for responses in both the preferred and nonpreferred directions and was taken as evidence of mutual interaction between the two hemispheres. The response preferences could be eliminated by delaying the onset of the preferred target by about 100 msec in the unihemifield condition and by about 50 msec in the bihemifield condition. Further, the interactions between the effects of the targets on response time in the bihemifield condition were found to be asymmetrical in that a target presented in the preferred hemifield has a greater effect than a target in the nonpreferred hemifield on responses to targets presented in the counterhemifield. The results suggest an asymmetry in hemispheric interaction which has not previously been demonstrated in the visualoculomotor system. PMID- 3257018 TI - Stimulus conditions that enhance anticipatory slow eye movements. AB - Anticipatory slow eye movements are predictive responses that occur prior to both ramp and step target motions. These low velocity eye movements are enhanced and can be studied in isolation by transient target disappearance before ramp motion onset. Slow eye velocities also decrease prior to the termination of target motion. In experiments using a bistable apparent motion stimulus, it was found that perceived motion is a stimulus for anticipatory slow eye movements. This relationship between motion perception and anticipatory slow eye movements can explain previously noted differences between these predictive movements and the predictive component of smooth pursuit. PMID- 3257019 TI - Cyclopean visual evoked potentials: a new test of binocular vision. AB - A new objective method is described to test binocular vision. Identical gratings are presented to each eye, but they are drifted in opposite directions. Uniocular stimulation does not produce a response, but binocular combination of the gratings results in robust visual evoked potentials. Data from cats are presented to illustrate the use of this technique. PMID- 3257020 TI - Spinal locomotion: a comparison of the kinematics and the electromyographic activity in the same animal before and after spinalization. AB - To assess the recuperation of locomotor functions of the hindlimbs after spinal section at T13, EMGs and kinematics were analyzed in a chronically implanted adult cat before and up to 14 days after spinalization. At this time, the cat was capable of coordinated walking, plantar foot contact and weight support of the hindquarters for several step cycles. There was however a foot drag early in swing and the steps tended to be shorter. Most muscles showed similar timing characteristics although there were some changes in amplitude. It is concluded that the spinal cord can generate a detailed locomotor pattern in the hindlimbs even in the adult animal. PMID- 3257021 TI - Synaptic development of regenerating retinotectal projection of goldfish. AB - The purpose of the present study is to examine the post-synaptic phenomena underlying the target finding process of regenerating retinal fibers. To perform this, retinotectal mapping was made using field potentials generated by small spots of light fixed in the visual field. The results show that regenerating retinal fibers first make functional but temporary, unspecific and diffuse synapses on the rostral tectum, disregarding the positions of their final target area, before making the sharpened and retinotopic projections. PMID- 3257022 TI - A glial cell line promotes the outgrowth of neurites from embryonic Xenopus retina. AB - A glial cell line (XR1 cell line) derived from Xenopus retinal neuroepithelium was examined for neurite outgrowth promoting activity. A monolayer of the XR1 cells serves as an excellent substrate upon which embryonic retinal explants attach and freely elaborate neurites. The XR1 neurite outgrowth promoting activity is not secreted into the medium, but is laid down directly on the substrate where it remains active after lysing the cells by hypoosmotic shock. A polyclonal antiserum raised against membranes of the XR1 cells was effective in blocking neurite outgrowth on XR1 conditioned collagen. It is proposed that the neurite outgrowth promoting factors produced by the XR1 cells are associated with the extracellular matrix and possibly glial specific. PMID- 3257023 TI - Dendritic anatomy and electrotonic transfer properties of cat superior colliculus neurons. AB - Detailed morphometrical and corresponding electrotonic characteristics on three classes of cat superior colliculus (SC) neurons have been derived. The sample of cells selected for analysis comprised ascending projection neurons (APNs), inter layer neurons (ILNs) and tecto-reticulo-spinal neurons (TRSNs) recorded intracellularly and stained with HRP. Superficial SC neurons (APNs, ILNs) could be attached to the allo- and idiodendritic type while deep layer neurons (TRSNs) belong to the isodendritic type. For each neuron, the branching pattern, lengths and diameters of the dendritic trees were determined. These data served as input to the computer program "DENDRIT" from which electrotonic membrane and transfer properties were calculated. Both the morphometrical data and the electronic properties underline the contrasting features of superficial vs deep layer neurons in the SC. Our results support the hypothesis that on the neuron level a close relationship between dendritic pattern and neuron function might exist. PMID- 3257024 TI - Rare clinical disturbances of the brain stem mechanism as cerebellar fits and drop attacks. AB - Cerebellar Fits (CF) and Drop Attacks (DA) are rare pathophysiological disorders of the Brain Stem (BS) and of the Cerebellar System (CS). Both have various etiologies (traumatic, vascular of tumoural). Both manifestations have an individual character. In this respect I would like to make 5 clinical observations (3 CF and 2 DA). These cases were verified clinically as well as by such methods as NMR (Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance) CT-scan (Computer-Tomography scan examination), BAEP (Brainstem-Auditive-Evoked-Potential), CCG (Cranio-Corpo Graphy-based on a modified Unterberg's Test) and TDS (Transcranial-Doppler-Sound examination), etc. In this short paper I wish to present some particular clinical aspects of the CF and DA. PMID- 3257025 TI - [Studies on the biomimetic synthesis of yuehchukene--a novel anti-implantation bis-indole alkaloid]. PMID- 3257026 TI - [Studies on the isolations and structures of baohuosides-I, VI, VII and baohuosu]. PMID- 3257027 TI - [Studies of chemical constituents from Tamarix chinensis Lour]. PMID- 3257028 TI - [Application of dynamic programming for quantitative analysis of qutong tablet and keganmin tablet]. PMID- 3257029 TI - [Development and analytical applications of cocaine membrane electrode]. PMID- 3257030 TI - [Determination of dimenhydrinate by computer-aided convolution curve method]. PMID- 3257031 TI - [Total synthesis of erigeroside and preliminary observation on experimental microcirculatory disturbances]. PMID- 3257032 TI - [Spectral analysis of clerodendrin, isolated from Clerodendron trichotomum Thunb]. PMID- 3257033 TI - [The effects of tetrandrine, berbamine and some other tetrahydroisoquinolines on [3H] QNB binding to M-cholinergic receptors in rat brain]. PMID- 3257034 TI - [Effects of praziquantel and its enantiomers on the physiological properties of isolated rat atria]. PMID- 3257035 TI - [Effects of cavinton on isolated basilar arteries of dogs]. PMID- 3257036 TI - [Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 6-azino- and 6 alpha-methoxy-6 beta hydrazono-penicillins]. PMID- 3257037 TI - [Synthesis and antimicrobial test of some new cephalosporins]. PMID- 3257038 TI - [Platelet aggregation inhibitors from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge]. PMID- 3257039 TI - [Studies on gas chromatographic quantitative determination and identification of compound tablets of theophylline]. PMID- 3257040 TI - [The fingerprint spectrum analysis of GC relative retention values for essential oil of 19 species of Bupleurum genus]. PMID- 3257041 TI - [Studies on the chloramphenicol controlled release ocular system]. PMID- 3257042 TI - [Studies on a sustained release procainamide hydrochloride tablet--an oral osmotic pump]. PMID- 3257043 TI - [Antiarrhythmic effects of anisodamine]. PMID- 3257045 TI - [Studies on the water soluble polysaccharide from Panax ginseng fruit isolation, purification and structural studies on heteroglycan F]. PMID- 3257044 TI - [Synthesis of 21-chloro-danazol and its delta 6-analogue]. PMID- 3257046 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Chinese sandalwood oil and preliminary structures of five novel compounds]. PMID- 3257047 TI - XVII Jubilee Congress of the Polish Physiological Society. Warszawa, September 16 18, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3257048 TI - Chronobiology in Poland. PMID- 3257049 TI - The central regulation of circadian rhythms or: the story of a biological clockwork pattern. PMID- 3257051 TI - Circadian rhythms in old age. PMID- 3257050 TI - Mechanisms of circadian adaptation. PMID- 3257052 TI - Hyperiodothyroninaemia of neonates, its significance for thermogenesis. AB - Danowski et al. (1951) were probably the first who showed an increase of PBI in infants shortly after birth. Later a number of investigators presented further evidence on the increased thyroid gland function in newborns. This condition named "neonatal thyroid hyperactivity" [Fisher and Oddie, 1964] was described also in animals. The available data indicate that all the newborn mammals till now studied, independently of the maturation stage of development they reach at birth, display some features of thyroid hyperactivity, but in some it does not lead to hyperiodothyroninaemia. Interspecies differences coincide well with significance of the thyroid hormones for neonatal thermogenesis. There are few sequential studies of the three principal iodothyronines: T4, T3 and rT3 available at present. The most comprehensive data concern infants, newborn lambs and pigs. Immediately after birth, there is a sudden rise in serum thyroid hormone concentrations, with some species differences related to the degree of the increase and to the iodothyronines involved. The course of the postnatal hyperiodothyroninaemia is dependent on the maturation level reached at birth, food intake, and cooling relative to extrauterine environment. At least five main factors contribute to the immediate postnatal hyperiodothyroninaemia: 1) abrupt depletion of the preformed fetal hormonal iodine stores; 2) preferential T3 secretion; 3) increase in the T4 to T3 monodeiodination in the peripheral tissues; 4) a release of thyroid hormone content from peripheral reservoirs to plasma, and 5) action of other hormone(s) concomitantly released at birth. From the point of view of the thermal adaptability, the newborn mammals fall into two distinct groups: first, in which immediately after birth the metabolic rate decreases, and second, in which the metabolic rate increases, after cooling. Our understanding of the role and significance of hormonal factors involved in mechanisms of the postnatal thermogenesis is incomplete. However, some similarities in adaptation to cold in adults and in newborns seem to be relevant. Cold adaptation is accomplished by development of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) depending on NA. The presence of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is essential for NA thermogenic action. According to the common opinion, based on data from laboratory animals and human baby, non-shivering thermogenesis, but not shivering, predominates in newborns. However, data from domestic animals indicate that shivering thermogenesis may be of comparable or greater thermogenic capacity than NST at birth. Besides, there are some newborns which have little or no BAT and associated NST.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3257053 TI - Alterations in thyroid hormone physiology induced by temperature and feeding in newly hatched chickens. AB - In the chicken the transition of a poikilotherm to a homeotherm reaction upon cold exposure takes place in the perinatal period between pipping and hatching. However, newly hatched chicks cannot maintain their body temperature within narrow limits after cold exposure. The fact that relatively little attention was payed on the role of thyroid hormones in the thermoregulatory reaction to cold of young chicks was probably due to the hypothetically long latention time that was thought to be necessary to bring about changes in secretory activity by cold stimulation. However, more recently, rapid changes (within hours) of thyroid hormone concentrations upon cold exposure were described in the chickens and the quail. In this study, changes in circulating T3 and T4 concentrations upon cold exposure of young chicks during the first two weeks were followed, that means during the period wherein NST (non-shivering thermogenesis), if it exists at all, should be progressively replaced by ST (shivering thermogenesis). Because of the importance of feeding condition on thyroid hormone levels, the experiments were carried out with and without a preceeding fasting period. In all experiments a short-term cold exposure of young chickens (1-11 days) fed ad lib decreased T3 but increased T4 levels while a reversed picture was found after short cold exposure of the fasted animals. However, after prolonged cold stimulus (15 degrees C) of young chickens fed ad lib, plasma T3 was also significantly elevated over that of controls whereas T4 levels returned to normal values. A prolonged warm treatment (37 degrees C) of young chickens fed ad lib resulted in significantly lower T3 and higher T4 concentrations. After a prolonged cold treatment no differences in T4 or T3 response upon TRH were found whereas the warm treatment abolished these responses upon TRH. However, a cold treatment at the stage of incubation during which the hypothalamo-hypophyseal control of thyroid function is established (dag 10-14) enhanced the T4 response to TRH with a long lasting effect extending to the posthatch period. Since T3 is thought to be the active form of thyroid hormones with regard to thermopoiesis we have studied more specifically the effect of blocking peripheral conversion of T4 on thermoregulatory abilities in young chicks and the influence of temperature treatment on monodeiodination capacity. The lower rectal temperatures following the interference with the peripheral monodeiodination of T4, the effect being more pronounced at the lower ambient temperature, are indicative for a preponderant role of T3 on thermogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3257054 TI - Atrial receptors. PMID- 3257055 TI - Metabolic response to starvation in late pregnant rats. I. Maternal response. AB - The aim of the present study was to examine effect of prolonged fasting on muscle glycogen and triglyceride concentration as well as on non-protein nitrogen excretion with urine in late pregnant rats. They were divided into four groups: I -fed, pregnant for 21 days, II--fasted for one day (from 20 to 21 day of pregnancy), III--fasted for two days (from 19 to 21 day) and IV--fasted for three days (from 18 to 21 day). The concentration of glycogen and triglycerides was determined in the following tissues: the white and red layers of the vastus lateralis, the soleus, the diaphragm, the heart and the liver. The urine was collected in each group 24 h (from 20 to 21 day). It has been found that concentration of glycogen in the leg muscles is reduced by about 50% and in the diaphragm by 75% already after 24 h fasting and then remains stable. The concentration of glycogen in the heart increases after one day of fasting and then returns to the control value. The effect of fasting on the concentration of triglycerides in the tissues depends on a tissue studied. It decreases gradually in the white vastus, and in the soleus only on the third day. It is elevated during the first two days of fasting in the red vastus, diaphragm and liver and returns to the control level on the third day. The fasting doubled the concentration of triglycerides in the heart. The urinary urea, creatinine, and uric acid excretion decreases and ammonia excretion increases during fasting. The results obtained indicate that the late gestation does not alter response of muscle glycogen metabolism to fasting as compared to the male rats. It does effect metabolism of triglycerides. PMID- 3257056 TI - Metabolic response to starvation in late pregnant rats. II. Fetal response. AB - Effect of prolonged maternal fasting on the fetal liver and heart glycogen and triglyceride content and on concentration of glucose, urea, uric acid and alpha amino-nitrogen in the amniotic fluid has been studied in rats. The animals were divided into four groups: fed (control), fasted for one day (from 20 to 21 day of pregnancy), fasted for two days (from 19 to 21 day) and fasted for three days (from 18 to 21 day). Maternal fasting for two and three days resulted in reduction in fetal growth. The fetal liver glycogen content was reduced already after one day of fasting, stabilized after two days and then further decreased after three days. The fetal heart glycogen content was reduced only after three days of fasting. The fetal liver triglyceride content increased gradually during the first two days of fasting and then stabilized. The content of triglycerides in the heart was elevated after two and three days of food deprivation. The amniotic fluid glucose concentration decreased after one day of fasting and then stabilized. Fasting did not effect the concentration of the nitrogenous compounds in the amniotic fluid. It is concluded that maternal fasting affects markedly metabolism of energy substrates stored in the fetal liver and the heart and the composition of the amniotic fluid. PMID- 3257057 TI - Calmodulin antagonist reduces release of malondialdehyde from isolated ischemic/reperfused rat heart. AB - To investigate the role of Ca-calmodulin complex in the development of myocardial injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion, an isolated working rat hearts were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion with and without calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine (TFP 5 x 10(-7)M) in the perfusion medium. In TFP-treated hearts postischemic recovery of hemodynamic function was markedly improved and the release of LDH and malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly reduced as compared with control hearts. It is concluded that: 1) calmodulin-dependent mechanism seems to be involved in peroxidative injury of cellular membranes, 2) cardioprotective effect of TFP results at least in part from prevention of membrane damage caused by lipid peroxidation. PMID- 3257058 TI - New aspects in the study of the mechanism of intestinal absorption of thiamine in rats. AB - Intestinal absorption of thiamine was studied in rats using such metabolic inhibitors as ouabain, sodium azide and theophylline. These substances changed certain biochemical parameters of the mucosa in the small intestine affecting the level of thiamine transport across the intestinal epithelium. It was found that the intestinal transport of thiamine at lower concentration was an active process depending on the activity of Na, K, Mg-ATPase in the intestinal microvilli, and on the activity of mitochondrial processes. The used metabolic inhibitors increased the intestinal diffusion of thiamine at its higher concentration suggesting that these inhibitors changed membrane permeability by affecting enterocyte homeostasis. At both studied concentrations thiamine was rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract reaching the state of saturation which suggested a carrier character of this transport. PMID- 3257059 TI - The effect of pancreatic and intestinal venous blood on hepatic atrophy and compensatory hyperplasia in the rat. AB - Hepatotrophic effect of pancreatic and intestinal venous blood was studied in rats with mesocaval or distal splenocaval shunt following ligation of a branch of the portal vein supplying 70% of liver mass. Because 2/3 of liver mass was deprived of portal flow the nonligated liver lobes were not hypoperfused due to shunt procedure. During the first three postoperative days the DNA synthesis, mitotic index, and changes in relative weights were measured in both ligated (atrophied) and nonligated (compensatory hyperplasia) parts of the liver. It was found, that the restorative capacity of the liver existed in rats with selective portasystemic shunts. The stimulus to growth was greater in lobes supplied by intestinal venous blood compared to those perfused by pancreatic effluent. The increase in DNA synthesis occurred in lobes undergoing atrophy and the intensity of this response was also dependent on type of shunt since recirculation of intestinal blood by way of the hepatic artery inhibited atrophy to a greater extent than pancreatic venous effluent. Although the patency of arterial branches was confirmed the ligated lobes showed necrotic lesions. Systemic recirculation of intestinal venous blood far more inhibited necrosis than pancreatic venous blood. PMID- 3257060 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials following lesions of the claustrum. AB - Ipsi- and contralateral cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were recorded following median nerve stimulation in 12 patients with unilateral brain lesions and in 5 healthy subjects. Computed tomographic scans of brain were performed on admission. In all patients with lesions of the claustrum there was absence of SEP contralateral to the side of the lesion and ipsilateral to the stimulated nerve. This phenomenon did not appear in our material following lesions involving other structures e.g. thalamus or somatosensory cortex. Our observations suggest that the claustrum may influence deeply the contralateral somatosensory cortex. This may be due to the fact that a large part of the claustrum is involved in transmission of the sensory information from receptors to the somatosensory cortex. PMID- 3257061 TI - Secretion and metabolism of prostaglandin F2 alpha by endometrial tissue obtained at different days of the oestrous cycle in cattle. AB - Two mature heifers were slaughtered on days 3, 6-7, 10-11, 16, 18-19 or on day 21 of the oesterus cycle. Endometrium was incubated in quadruplicates with medium 199 at 37 C and a water saturated gas phase of 95% O2 + 5% CO2. Half ml medium samples were taken after 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation for determination of PGF2 alpha and PGFM. PGF2 alpha was secreted by endometrium at each stage of the oestrous cycle. Maximal secretion was measured around oestrus (p less than 0.01) compared with days 6-16 of the cycle. Concentration of PGFM in medium had a similar trend. Highest ability of endometrium for PGF2 alpha metabolism (indicated by the ratio PGF2 alpha:PGFM) was on days 6-16 of the cycle. Data suggest that PGF2 alpha metabolism by the endometrium may depend on ovarian steroids and that this metabolism may also protect the corpus luteum from the luteolytic action of PGF2 alpha besides reduced production of this prostaglandin during the luteal phase. PMID- 3257062 TI - Effect of heparin on mouse sperm motility. PMID- 3257063 TI - Computer method for automatic determination of stroke volume using impedance cardiography signals. AB - The described computer method of stroke volume (SV) estimation is based on impedance cardiography (ICG) signals. This method allows to calculate SV for 4096 successive cycles of the heart. The disturbing influence of respiration is reduced by base-line correction procedure. Stroke volume values determined automatically (AD) were compared with those obtained by conventional hand digitizing (HD) in 5 young male subjects in the supine and sitting positions, and in 5 subjects in the standing position. The correlation coefficient between SV values determined automatically SV (AD) and hand digitized SV (HD) calculated for all collected data was 0.9583 (n = 150, P less than 0.001). The error of the automatic SV determination was 6.7%. PMID- 3257064 TI - The design of an olfactometer and a method for quantitative stud on the effect of odours on insect behaviour. AB - Vertical air-flow olfactometer suitable for study of the influence of odours on walking insect behaviour was described. The results of preliminary experiments proved that the olfactometer enables long-lasting "quasiethological" observations. Employed method of observation gave quantitative information about the influence of odours on ratios of basic predeterminate activities, insect distribution pattern and their tendency to choose zones with an odour. The Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemilineata Say) males preferred zones with the female odour spending there more time. During emission of the pheromone males were more active. In zones with the pheromone males displayed the tendency to cluster, spent more time taping intensely and more frequently attempted to mate. PMID- 3257065 TI - The design of a phonoactograph suitable for study on the influence of pheromones on insect mobility. AB - An instrument for recording changes in insect mobility under the influence of pheromone was described. The instrument was named "phonoactograph" because the intensity of rustle made by insects was utilized as a correlate of their movement. The Colorado beetle males exposed to the action of the female odour increased their mobility significantly. PMID- 3257066 TI - Fetal umbilical cord catheterization under ultrasound guidance. AB - Since 1984 we have performed 30 intrauterine exchange transfusions (IUET) under ultrasound guidance. In 4 pregnancies with anterior placenta, we performed 9 umbilical cord catheterizations in 11 IUET: the first with material for epidural analgesia and the others with a central venous catheter. The latest one was performed at 34 weeks, the earliest at 27 weeks and repeated up to 4 times. Every catheterization did not last more than 5 min and we did not find any infection, hematoma or placental or cord injury. All 4 pregnancies were delivered at 34-36 weeks and the babies are alive and healthy (the oldest is 4 years old). This technique, when possible, is a good alternative to long procedures with risk of fetal movements, and limits the risk of hematoma. PMID- 3257067 TI - Intravascular intrauterine transfusion for severe erythroblastosis fetalis using different techniques. AB - Over a 3-year period, 44 ultrasound-guided intravascular transfusions were performed between 18 and 32 weeks on 15 patients with severe erythroblastosis fetalis due to Rh immunization. In 4 fetuses, the first transfusion was performed before 20 weeks, in 6 between 20 and 25 weeks and in the remaining 5 between 25 and 31 weeks. Eight of the 15 fetuses were hydropic at the time of referral. Five transfusions were done in the intrahepatic umbilical vein, 6 were simple transfusions via percutaneous umbilical cord puncture, and 33 were partial exchange. There were 4 intrauterine deaths before 26 weeks, despite successfully performed transfusions: 3 of these fetuses were severely hydropic, while in the remaining fetus hydrops had been reversed in utero. Following delivery by cesarean section at 32 weeks of gestation, 1 of the neonates developed respiratory distress syndrome and died 17 h after birth. The overall survival rate was 67% (10 of 15 cases): 4 of the 8 hydropic fetuses (50%) and 6 of the 7 nonhydropic fetuses (83%) were alive at birth and survived the perinatal period. Three of the 5 losses occurred among the first 4 cases, while in the last 11 cases the survival rate increased to 82% (9 of 11). PMID- 3257068 TI - Assessment of fetal blood volume for computer-assisted management of in utero transfusion. AB - We performed 41 intravascular ultrasound-guided fetal transfusions in a total of 20 pregnancies with erythroblastosis fetalis or alloimmune thrombocytopenia. On the basis of this experience, we developed a computer-assisted procedure for determining the volume to be transfused, which provides an adequate final concentration. Fetal weight was estimated using ultrasound measurements. Fetoplacental blood volume was estimated from the regression line: fetoplacental volume (ml) = 1.046 + fetal weight (g) X 0.14. The volume to be transfused was calculated using the simple dilution formula: Vtransfused = Vfetoplacental.(Cfinal - Cinitial)/Ctransfused where C is the hematocrit or platelet count. The entire procedure is computerized, simple and rapid, and avoids resorting to repeated intermediate sampling. The dilution formula used appears to be more reliable than a formula taking into account the volume added, even in erythroblastosis fetalis where relatively large volumes are injected. This suggests rapid plasma loss during the procedure. PMID- 3257069 TI - Collection and use of aborted central nervous system material. Commendation and controversy. AB - A recent promising development in the field of central nervous system (CNS) transplantation has suggested the use of human fetal CNS tissue from first trimester abortions for xenografting/explantation. Such experiments would certainly expand our knowledge of the normal developmental mechanisms in human CNS, and allow studies of various indices of maturation and CNS function. However, the suggestion is looked upon with hesitance for ethical, legal and perhaps even for scientific reasons. The initial experiments have been very valuable, though, for our understanding of the structural and functional development of the human CNS, and several legal and ethical concerns have been addressed in working out the procedures for retrieving such tissue. This article tries to put our present knowledge in the right perspective of scientific achievements and potential, legal restrictions and ethical concerns. PMID- 3257071 TI - Congenital hydrocephalus: treatment in utero. AB - Congenital hydrocephalus occurs in about 1 in every 1,000 live births. Is is rarely lethal but frequently severely handicapping. It can be diagnosed by ultrasound as early as 20 weeks of gestation. When not accompanied by other serious malformations, it may be amenable to treatment in utero. Experimental treatment by shunting the lateral ventricle to the amnion has been shown to control ventricular enlargement during fetal life. The mental development of treated babies has, however, been disappointing. At this time no in utero treatment of fetal hydrocephalus is being done. PMID- 3257070 TI - Development of a program for planned cesarean delivery and immediate pediatric surgical repair of ventral wall defects. AB - The development of a program for timed elective delivery and immediate repair of ventral wall defects is described. Our experience with 3 cases of immediate surgical repair of gastroschisis shows that this program can be applied in tertiary care centers to shorten pre- and postoperative stay and to present the neonate to surgery in optimal condition. PMID- 3257072 TI - Abstracts from annual meeting of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Copenhagen, Denmark, June 18-22, 1988. PMID- 3257073 TI - The discovery and preliminary characterization of a novel trypanosomatid parasite from Rattus norvegicus and stray dogs from Alexandria, Egypt. AB - A survey of rodents and dogs was carried out in Alexandria and its environs to see if an animal reservoir was associated with an outbreak of infantile kala-azar in this area. Three rodent species, Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, were commonly trapped and examined. A flagellate parasite was isolated from the spleens of two R. norvegicus. It was typed serologically by excreted factor serotyping and enzymologically by thick starch electrophoresis of four of its enzymes: GPI, G6PD, 6PGD and PGM. The same type of parasite was also isolated from two stray dogs from the same vicinity. This flagellate was quite distinct from Leishmania donovani, Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica, the three common Old World species of Leishmania; but its exact identity remains uncertain. It could be a new leishmanial entity or a flagellate parasite of another genus. PMID- 3257074 TI - The epidemiology of human visceral leishmaniasis in El Agamy (Alexandria Governorate), Egypt: serosurvey and case/control study. AB - In Alexandria Governorate, Egypt, 27 cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were detected from 1982-1985 through active and passive case detection. Twenty-two were located in El Agamy, a resort town of 50,000 residents located 15 km west of the City of Alexandria. To describe the disease focus, eight areas of 100-200 households in El Agamy were mapped and censused. All individuals were examined clinically, and blood was obtained by finger stick to measure leishmanial antibodies by radioimmune assay. Two case/control studies were carried out in the mapped areas. In one study, case households were more often found near open garbage containers than were control households. In a second case/control study, houses with cases of VL or seropositive individuals were found more likely to face open areas. These results demonstrate that characteristics of houses which could increase exposure to reservoir hosts can be associated with VL or leishmanial seropositivity. This suggests that control programmes should improve garbage disposal and should focus on houses located in peripheral areas of the community. PMID- 3257076 TI - Epidemiology of hydatidosis/echinococcosis in Ouarzazate, the pre-Saharian region of Morocco. AB - In the Ouarzazate province of Southern Morocco, 1085 cattle and 358 sheep were examined for hydatid cysts. The prevalence was 44.6% (range 8.3-83.4%) in cattle and 5.3% (range 1.3-28.6%) in sheep. The prevalence increased with the age of the animals. The lung was the predominant site of infection, followed by the liver. In cattle, 14.2% of hydatid cysts were fertile and 16.4% had degenerative changes. The mean loss per head of cattle slaughtered was about 1 kg of liver and 900 g of lungs in the urban abattoirs. In monetary terms at the current price of 1980, this meant a loss of U.S. +4.5 at urban and +1.6 at rural abattoirs. The mean prevalence of infection in 61 stray dogs was 50.8%, with a mean worm burden of 413. The urban dogs had a lower infection rate (42.9%) than the rural dogs (61.5%). There were 130 dogs per 1000 inhabitants. The human population was ignorant of the life-cycle of Echinococcus granulosus and was not aware of risk of infection through dogs. Dogs become infected at abattoirs, at home slaughter and in the field by consuming dead carcasses. The maintenance and transmission of E. granulosus in animals and man is related to social, religious and cultural factors. PMID- 3257075 TI - Immunosuppressive medication associated with leishmanial antibodies in adults residing in an endemic focus of infantile visceral leishmaniasis--a case/control study. AB - In a focus of infantile visceral leishmaniasis in Al Agamy (Alexandria), Egypt, adults were found by radioimmune assay to have leishmanial antibodies. This finding was unexpected, and an explanation was sought. Seropositive adults and age- and sex-matched seronegative controls were interviewed to ascertain possible predisposing risk factors. Ten of 16 seropositive individuals were taking corticosteroids compared to one of 22 seronegative individuals (P = 0.0002). Two seropositive individuals (one woman and one man) were taking phenylbutazone, and two women were taking female sex hormones. The association between immunosuppressive medication and leishmanial seropositivity suggests that acquired changes in host population immunocompetence may significantly alter age specific seroprevalence of leishmanial antibodies. PMID- 3257077 TI - A mark-recapture method for ecological studies of schistosomiasis vector snail populations. AB - Mark-recapture methods have been used only sporadically in studies of the population biology of the snail vectors of schistosomiasis, yet mark-recapture has potential advantages for obtaining estimates of absolute abundance and recruitment and loss rates for snail populations in the field. A case study is described that uses Bailey's triple catch design to estimate these parameters for Bulinus globosus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi in a small river in Zimbabwe. The assumptions inherent in the design and tests of these assumptions are described. The parameter estimates obtained are biologically plausible, suggesting significant recruitment into the population at the time of the study and a life expectancy for B. globosus of about three weeks. The major drawback is the lack of precision of these estimates. Means of improving precision are discussed, and mark-recapture is evaluated as a research tool for the study of vector snail population biology. PMID- 3257078 TI - Clinical presentation of louse-borne relapsing fever among Ethiopian refugees in northern Somalia. AB - Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) is still endemic among Ethiopian populations. In order to assess the clinical presentation of LBRF in an Ethiopian refugee camp in northern Somalia, a referral system was organized for all pyrexias of unknown origin. Among the 134 patients referred, 37 showed Borrelia in fresh and stained blood smears. Common clinical features were: high fever (above 39 degrees C in 73% of the cases), headache and general body pain (88%), liver tenderness (62%), petechia (54%), nausea and vomiting (46%), chills and rigors (30%) and epistaxis (11%). Jaundice was absent. No fatalities were observed. The clinical picture was less severe than in previous studies on LBRF. This difference might be due to the fact that the present study was community-based as opposed to the previous studies which were hospital-based. PMID- 3257079 TI - An investigation of the coagulant activity of the venom of the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) from Saudi Arabia. AB - Unlike the venom of Echis carinatus from India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Kenya, Iran and Oman, Saudi Arabian E. carinatus venom is a poor activator of prothrombin. However, it possesses similar defibrinogenating activity to the other venoms. This is because the venom from Saudi Arabian snakes contains a calcium-dependent factor X activator. It is suggested that in future studies of the coagulant activity of venoms, the determination of plasma coagulant activity should be carried out in the presence of added calcium ions. This applies particularly to those venoms which do not act on plasma or fibrinogen, but which do cause in vivo defibrinogenation. PMID- 3257080 TI - The hosts of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes. PMID- 3257081 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the 44th meeting of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology]. PMID- 3257082 TI - Heterogeneity of bone resorbing factors produced by unstimulated murine osteoblasts in vitro and in response to stimulation by parathyroid hormone and mononuclear cell factors. AB - The bone resorbing activity of factors released from monolayer cultures of osteoblasts (OB) was examined by measurement of calcium released by neonatal mouse calvaria in vitro. Unstimulated conditioned media (CM) were found to contain significant bone resorbing activity, which was partially inhibited by indomethacin, dexamethasone and nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Ultrafiltration of CM (molecular weight cut-off of 5000) revealed bone resorbing activity in the filtrate and retentate. Fractionation of the CM by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed four major peaks of bone resorbing activity. Stimulation of the OB by mononuclear cell factor and parathyroid hormone significantly increased the synthesis and/or release of these factors with a relatively greater increase of lipid-soluble, low molecular-weight activity. These results suggested an important role for relatively small non-popular mediators in hormonally stimulated bone resorption. PMID- 3257083 TI - [3H]-forskolin binding sites in rat submandibular salivary glands. AB - Specific [3H]-forskolin binding was linear as a function of the membrane protein concentration and reached steady-state by 30-40 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. Such binding was saturable and the bound radioligand could be readily dissociated by an excess of unlabelled forskolin. There was only one type of binding site, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.16 microM. The concentration of the binding sites (Bmax) was 0.73 pmol/mg protein. There was no significant difference in the [3H]-forskolin binding characteristics in membranes of rats fed for 6 weeks on diets containing 10% corn oil, 8% coconut oil + 2% corn oil, or 10% menhaden fish oil. PMID- 3257084 TI - In vitro mechanics of the periodontal ligament in impeded and unimpeded rat mandibular incisors. AB - Load-deformation curves and/or the stress-strain curves were obtained by the mechanical testing of transverse sections of impeded and unimpeded rat incisors in vitro to evaluate more precisely the mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament. Perimeters of the lingual dentine and socket wall and the sectional area of the periodontal ligament were measured radiographically. An extension rate of 5 mm/min in an extrusive direction was used. The average maximum shear load, the elastic stiffness (tan beta) and the failure energy in shear in the impeded group were respectively 6.4, 6.0 and 5.7 times those in the unimpeded group. The average maximum deformation was similar. The average maximum shear stress, the elastic stiffness (tan alpha) and the failure strain energy density in the impeded group were respectively 7.2, 8.1 and 6.5 times those in the unimpeded group. The average maximum strain in the unimpeded group was significantly greater (1.4 times) than that in the impeded group. Mechanical responses of the periodontal ligament seem to be very sensitive to internal and external disturbance of the tooth: changes in such properties may be detectable even when other techniques fail to reveal differences. Our method provides a useful tool for such mechanical analysis. PMID- 3257085 TI - Bacterial agglutinin activity in the saliva of human identical and fraternal twins. AB - The major factor in human saliva responsible for the specific aggregation of oral streptococci is a high molecular-weight glycoprotein (agglutinin). To determine if the level of this glycoprotein in whole and parotid saliva was genetically determined, agglutinin activity for Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans in saliva obtained from identical and fraternal twins was compared. Evidence for the heritability of agglutinin activity and also parotid flow rate and total protein was obtained. There was no evidence for a significant genetic contribution to salivary sodium concentration. PMID- 3257087 TI - Mechanical capabilities of the human jaw muscles studied with a mathematical model. AB - The human muscles of mastication have complex shapes with large attachment areas. This suggests a variety of bite force directions and magnitudes. The possible range of these and the concomitant joint force of each individual muscle were determined by a mathematical model describing static equilibrium conditions in the sagittal plane. The range of force directions for each muscle was defined by the action lines of the most anterior and most posterior (for the lateral pterygoid, most superior and most inferior) muscle fibre bundles. Calculations from the various directions of the reaction force in the temporomandibular joint demonstrated that each muscle can produce a unique variety of bite force directions. Except for the lateral pterygoid and posterior temporalis, the range and orientation of possible bite forces was closely related to the orientation of the joint force. In general, at the canine tooth the bite forces were directed more posteriorly than at the second molar. Within a muscle, distinct portions may produce considerably different bite force magnitudes; the largest bite forces are produced at horizontal and vertical joint force directions. The posterior portions of the deep masseter and temporalis muscles and the lateral pterygoid muscle have the largest mechanical advantage. In the majority of muscles the magnitude of the joint reaction force is smallest at an oblique joint force direction. PMID- 3257086 TI - Co-translational processing and intracellular transport of rat salivary mucus glycoprotein. AB - A preparation of peptidyl-tRNA from intact microsomes of mucin-synthesizing polysomes of sublingual salivary gland cells contained fatty-acylated galactosamine-free and galactosamine-enriched peptidyl-tRNA fractions, whereas trypsin-chymotrypsin treated microsomes yielded predominantly the acylated galactosamine-enriched peptidyl-tRNA complexes. Radioscanning and chemical analyses revealed that palmitate was substituted on all nascent peptides, except those shorter than 20 amino-acid residues. In contrast, the [35S]-methionine label was detected only on galactosamine-free peptides containing up to 70 amino acids. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel, the peptides released from galactosamine enriched tRNA complexes separated into a multitude of bands ranging in size from 6000 to 60,000 dalton, whereas the total preparation afforded peptides ranging from 2000 to 60,000 dalton. Pulse-chase experiments, using radiolabelled methionine, palmitic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine, combined with chemical characterization of the radiolabelled fatty acids and carbohydrates from purified peptidyl-tRNA, confirmed that the N-terminal fatty acylation and the initial O glycosylation with N-acetylgalactosamine are the co-translational processes taking place as soon as peptide is sufficiently large to be acylated, trimmed, and translocated to the luminal site of endoplasmic membrane. PMID- 3257088 TI - The development of mast cells in facial skin, palate and tongue of the mouse. AB - This was examined in connective tissues of facial skin, palatal mucosa and tongue in fetal and adult mice. Mast cells were first observed in skin at 15 days of fetal age, but until 17 days in palate and tongue. With increasing age they increased in size and granularity. At birth they were 6-7 times more numerous per unit volume of tissue in skin compared with palate or tongue but, in the adult, numbers were similar in each region. Either mast cells enter developing tissues at different times or they differentiate and proliferate in some regions before they do so in others. PMID- 3257089 TI - Analysis of electromyographic signals in human jaw closing muscles at various isometric force levels. AB - The effect of sustained isometric contraction on surface electromyograph (EMG) and force signals derived from these muscles was examined. Premolar-molar region force was measured with a small unilaterally positioned force transducer. Subjects produced and sustained 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent isometric force levels, and measurements were made at the beginning and end of these efforts. There was no significant change in the resulting EMG/force ratio at any of the force levels. The EMG signal did exhibit a significant shift in its frequency both as the force level increased and during the sustained effort. Neuromuscular fatigue, when defined as a change in the EMG/force ratio, was not demonstrated even though there was a consistent change in the frequency of the EMG signal. PMID- 3257090 TI - A computer model of the periodontal ligament space in man. AB - An engineering model of the periodontal ligament fibres was used to calculate length changes in the fibres with: direct occlusal forces on the tooth, occlusal loads on other teeth in the arch and splinting. The fibre elongations appear to influence tooth eruption, the clinical behaviour of splinted and non-splinted teeth, and the establishment of vertical dimension of occlusion and occlusal plane height. The model also provides insight into the controversy surrounding the intermediate plexus of the ligament. PMID- 3257091 TI - Free amino acids in human palatine gland secretions. AB - Human palatine gland saliva (HPS) was collected from young adult subjects (mean age 22 yr) of both sexes by gentle mechanical stimulation. The HPS contained 9-13 of the common amino acids within the range of 2-850 nmol/ml, but most samples had low or no concentrations of arginine, tryptophan and proline. Methionine and cysteine were not reliably detected. The molar ratios of most amino acids varied between subjects, but the ratio of leucine to isoleucine was remarkably constant (mean +/- SD = 1.86 +/- 0.28; n = 28). The minimum average secretion rate of HPS, using gentle mechanical stimulation, was estimated to be about 25 mg/min (wet weight). PMID- 3257092 TI - Lissajous figures of differential electromyograms of the paired temporal and paired masseter muscles in human mastication. AB - To represent the co-operative work of these muscles on both sides, a new method of differential Lissajous electromyography was devised to show their simultaneous actions. The resulting figures demonstrated the different co-operative activities of the muscles with different types of food. PMID- 3257093 TI - Long-term treatment of temporal arteritis with dapsone. PMID- 3257094 TI - Perioperative cardiovascular collapse in a patient previously treated with doxorubicin. PMID- 3257095 TI - Resistance to blood flow at maximal vasodilatation. PMID- 3257096 TI - Morphological aspects of the placenta in HIV pregnancies. AB - Forty-nine placentae from HIV-seropositive mothers were collected in various hospitals in France and Belgium. Twenty [corrected] placentae with seven fetuses from interrupted pregnancies and 29 [corrected] placentae from spontaneous deliveries, including two stillborns and a set of twins, were studied morphologically. No significant abnormalities were observed in the aborted material. The placentae corresponding to deliveries presented no significant gross abnormalities but the ratio of fetal to placental weight was significantly decreased in the study group compared with the control group (6.13 versus 7.41; P less than 0.001), associated with a congestive and mature aspect of the parenchyma. Histologically a high incidence of chorioamnionitis (43 per cent) was found, contrasting with the absence of villitis. A relative villous hypercellularity was observed in the study group compared with the control group. Ultrastructural studies of 13 placentae corresponding to gestations of 10 to 40 weeks are presented. In six cases, retrovirus-like particles were found at various sites, such as villous fibroblasts, syncytiotrophoblast and endothelial cells, and in the free membranes. PMID- 3257097 TI - A piece of my mind. PMID- 3257098 TI - Human allospecific TLCs generated against HLA antigens associated with DR1 through DRw8. III. Family segregation analyses. AB - We have studied the complexity and fine specificity of the HLA-D region using a panel of T lymphocyte clones generated against alloantigens associated with HLA DR1 through DRw8. After extensive testing in population studies, 89 clones were tested in proliferation assays with 14 families. Segregation patterns were analyzed for haplotype associations by calculating sequential lod scores to test the likelihood that genes encoding epitopes detected by TLCs were linked to HLA genes. Four general categories were identified: (1) clonal responses that segregated with the same HLA-D region haplotype in all informative pedigrees; (2) clonal responses that segregated with HLA in all pedigrees but not always with the same haplotype; (3) clonal responses that segregated with HLA in some families but failed to segregate in others or produced equivocal results; (4) clonal responses that did not segregate with HLA haplotypes. PMID- 3257099 TI - Polymorphism and complexity of HLA-DR: evidence for intra-HLA-DR region crossing over events. AB - HLA-DR molecules were isolated from HLA-DR3, -5, and -w6 positive homozygous B cell lines by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by gel electrophoretic techniques. DNA isolated from the same cell lines was digested with the restriction enzyme Taq I and hybridized with a DR beta full-length cDNA probe. We demonstrated that certain DR beta I alleles are found in combination with different DR beta III alleles as defined by Southern blotting, protein chemistry, a functional assay using purified protein derivative-specific T-cell lines, and, in one case, also alloreactive T-cell reagents. Our results indicate that within the family of HLA-DRw52-associated haplotypes DR beta chain genes may have been transferred from one haplotype to another. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3257100 TI - Localization of the genes for tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin between the HLA class I and III regions by field inversion gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3257101 TI - CD8B, the human equivalent of the mouse Ly-3 gene is localized on chromosome 2. PMID- 3257102 TI - In vitro mutagenesis identifies a region within the envelope gene of the human immunodeficiency virus that is critical for infectivity. AB - Site-specific mutagenesis was used to introduce amino acid substitutions at the asparagine codons of four conserved potential N-linked glycosylation sites within the gp120 envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). One of these alterations resulted in the production of noninfectious virus particles. The amino acid substitution did not interfere with the synthesis, processing, and stability of the env gene polypeptides gp120 and gp41 or the binding of gp120 to its cellular receptor, the CD4 (T4) molecule. Vaccinia virus recombinants containing wild-type or mutant HIV env genes readily induced syncytia in CD4+ HeLa cells. These results suggest that alterations involving the second conserved domain of the HIV gp120 may interfere with an essential early step in the virus replication cycle other than binding to the CD4 receptor. In long-term cocultures of a T4+ lymphocyte cell line and colon carcinoma cells producing the mutant virus, revertant infectious virions were detected. Molecular characterization of two revertant proviral clones revealed the presence of the original mutation as well as a compensatory amino acid change in another region of HIV gp120. PMID- 3257104 TI - Electrical injury in the esophagus. PMID- 3257103 TI - Alterations in binding characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer factor. AB - Five regions of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) serve as binding sites for cellular proteins as demonstrated by DNase I footprinting. These include the negative regulatory, enhancer, SP1, TATA, and untranslated regions. The HIV enhancer region contains two direct repeats of a sequence, GGGACTTTCC, which is also found in the enhancer sequences of simian virus 40, cytomegalovirus, and the immunoglobulin kappa gene. To further characterize binding to the enhancer sequences in the HIV LTR, DNase I footprinting was performed using extracts prepared from several different cell lines. Extracts prepared from lymphoid cells gave altered binding over the enhancer region as compared with extracts prepared from either monocytes or HeLa cells. This altered binding in extracts prepared from lymphoid cells resulted in protection of both direct repeats in the HIV LTR in contrast to complete protection of only one direct repeat with HeLa cell extracts. When HeLa cells were treated with phorbol esters in either the presence or absence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, the binding characteristics over the enhancer element became similar to those seen in extracts prepared from lymphoid cells. These results suggest that phorbol esters may induce posttranslational modifications of cellular transcription factors that alter their DNA-binding characteristics. PMID- 3257105 TI - CT of the liver: a survey of prevailing methods for administration of contrast material. AB - The members of the Society of Body Computed Tomography were surveyed to determine the most frequently used method of administering contrast material in CT studies of the liver. The respondents represented CT departments performing liver examinations in 22 institutions. No department relied solely on noncontrast scans. In 12 (54%) of 22 institutions, only contrast-enhanced scans were performed. The preferred dose for enhancement was 150 ml of 60% contrast material. Eight (36%) of the 22 respondents obtained images during the administration of a bolus of contrast material, whereas nine (41%) obtained images during the administration of a sustained drip infusion given after a loading bolus. Follow-up in 1987 revealed that two departments had switched to obtaining images during the administration of a bolus. The availability of CT power injectors and refinements in the rapid-scanning capabilities of CT scanners have increased the popularity of obtaining images of the liver during the administration of a bolus of contrast material. Despite this, in many departments, contrast material is still administered via drip infusion in CT studies of the liver. PMID- 3257106 TI - Hepatic perivascular lymphedema: CT appearance. AB - The CT appearance of dilated hepatic lymphatics in liver transplant recipients has been described recently. We have observed similar findings of presumed hepatic lymphatic dilatation and perivascular lymphedema in 20 patients seen over an 8-month period, none of whom had received a liver transplant. Review of these patients' records showed that 18 (90%) of 20 had underlying disease processes that could have caused dilated lymphatics as a result of either increased lymph flow or lymphatic obstruction. We have grouped these processes into three etiologic categories: (1) posttraumatic hepatic lymphatic obstruction, (2) obstruction caused by malignant lymphadenopathy, and (3) congestive hepatomegaly caused by cardiac decompensation. The appearance of hepatic lymphatic dilatation and surrounding lymphedema needs to be recognized so that lymphatic dilatation is not mistaken for dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. PMID- 3257107 TI - Pyogenic liver abscess: contrast-enhanced MR imaging in rats. AB - MR imaging was used to evaluate experimentally induced pyogenic liver abscesses in an animal model. Rats were examined before and after IV administration of either gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), ferrite particles, or both contrast agents together. Pyogenic liver abscesses appeared hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Bolus administration of Gd-DTPA using a fast spin-echo sequence with repetition time of 250 msec and echo time of 20 msec (SE 250/20) showed transient selective enhancement of normal hepatic tissue and increased lesion conspicuity, quantitatively assessed by the contrast-to-noise ratio, which increased from 35.7 to -59.0. Delayed leakage of Gd-DTPA into the abscess center partially obscured small lesions at 30-60 min. Ferrite particles reduced the signal intensity of normal liver, and the abscess then appeared homogenously hyperintense. Applying the SE 500/32 sequence, the contrast-to-noise ratio increased from -1.2 to +74.0. Coordinated administration of both contrast agents showed a further increase in contrast to +94.0, with a hyperintense abscess rim surrounded by hypointense liver. Gd-DTPA increases abscess-liver contrast by rim enhancement of the abscess wall, and ferrite increases the abscess-liver contrast by selectively decreasing the signal intensity of surrounding normal liver. As a result of increased contrast-to-noise ratio, both contrast agents, alone or in combination, increase the conspicuity of hepatic abscesses. PMID- 3257108 TI - Splenic lymphangiomatosis: CT diagnosis. PMID- 3257109 TI - Choledocholithiasis: percutaneous pulverization with a high-speed rotational catheter. PMID- 3257110 TI - Antegrade transluminal dilatation of benign ureteral strictures: long-term results. AB - The long-term results (follow-up of 15 months or longer) of antegrade transluminal dilatation of 127 benign ureteral strictures are assessed and analyzed. The overall success rate is 50%. When lesions were classified according to age of the stricture, status of vascular supply, and other etiologic factors contributing to formation, the following findings were evident: transluminal dilatation was successful in 30 (91%) of 33 patients with fresh strictures in whom there was no evidence of compromised vascular supply; in 23 (53%) of 43 similar strictures older than 3 months; in 3 (25%) of 12 with fresh strictures with evidence of vascular compromise; and in 7 (18%) of 39 with similar older strictures. Regardless of age of stricture and other etiologic factors, transluminal dilatation was successful in 53 (70%) of 76 patients with strictures without evidence of ischemic compromise but was successful in only 10 (20%) of 51 with strictures with evidence of devitalization. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both the age and vascular supply of a stricture and adjacent ureter when making the decision about treatment by antegrade transluminal dilatation. PMID- 3257112 TI - Renal stone ileus. PMID- 3257111 TI - Stage IB cervical carcinoma: comparison of clinical, MR, and pathologic staging. AB - In patients with stage IB cervical carcinoma (carcinoma confined to the cervix), accurate staging is essential in order to determine the best treatment strategy- that is, whether to use surgery alone or surgery in combination with pre- or postsurgical radiation therapy. Currently, decisions regarding the management of patients are made on the basis of clinical staging that has an error rate of 34 39% (when surgical staging is used as the standard). To investigate the value of MR in staging patients with IB cervical cancer, we performed prospective MR examinations in 27 patients who had cervical carcinoma. Of these, 10 were clinically staged as having IB cervical carcinoma and underwent radical hysterectomy, providing specimens for pathologic correlation. In six of these 10 patients, the extent of disease had been underestimated during clinical examination under anesthesia. These six patients would have received radiation therapy before surgery had the MR information been used at the treatment-planning stage. MR imaging correlated better with surgical pathology than did clinical examination under anesthesia in determining the location and extent of tumor. MR imaging should be used in conjunction with clinical staging to determine appropriate therapy in patients with stage IB cervical carcinoma. PMID- 3257113 TI - Cross-sectional imaging of the capsular mechanism of the glenohumeral joint. PMID- 3257114 TI - Posttrauma intracapsular bone fragments: association with meniscal tears. PMID- 3257115 TI - Osteosclerotic sarcoidosis. PMID- 3257116 TI - MR imaging of Chiari II malformation. AB - High-field-strength MR imaging was performed in one patient with Chiari III and 19 patients with Chiari II malformations. The MR features were compared with descriptions in the literature and correlated with previously described surgical and postmortem findings and with the results of previous radiologic investigations in this group of patients. Several new observations were apparent from the MR examinations. In 75% of the 20 cases, the underdeveloped tentorium with a wide incisura allowed inferior displacement of the medial posterior cerebrum, which appeared closely applied to a flattened aspect of the superior cerebellum. Previously reported CT descriptions of "pseudotumor of the tentorium" and "towering cerebellum" may be more related to the technique of the radiologic examination than to true upward herniation of the cerebellum. Elongation of the mesencephalon with increase in the mamillopontine distance was present in the majority of our cases and has not been previously emphasized. Some patients had atypical changes or appeared to be borderline cases between the Chiari I and Chiari II categories of malformation, and MR provided considerable diagnostic assistance in these cases. The noninvasive, in vivo evaluation of MR contributed a great deal to our further understanding of this congenital Chiari malformation. PMID- 3257117 TI - Variable appearances of subacute intracranial hematomas on high-field spin-echo MR. AB - Subacute intracranial hematomas have variable appearances on high-field MR images. They are hyperintense on T1-weighted images owing to methemoglobin, but have variable intensities on T2-weighted images. Observation of the different high-field spin-echo MR intensity patterns of five subacute hematomas suggests that further subcategorization into different methemoglobin states may be possible. In particular, undiluted intracellular methemoglobin is hyperintense on T1-weighted images and markedly hypointense on T2-weighted images, undiluted free methemoglobin should be hyperintense on T1-weighted images and isointense or slightly hypointense on T2-weighted images, and dilute free methemoglobin is hyperintense on both T1- and T2-weighted images. However, it appears that certain regions of subacute hematomas may be difficult to differentiate, by intensity patterns alone, from melanotic melanomas or fat. We believe that, despite some limitations, MR is useful in dividing subacute intracranial hematomas into their respective methemoglobin states, and also that further subcategorization is possible. PMID- 3257118 TI - MR of neuronal migration anomalies. AB - Migration anomalies are congenital malformations caused by insults to migrating neuroblasts during the third to fifth gestational months. Included in this group are agyria, pachygyria, polymicrogyria, unilateral megalencephaly, schizencephaly, and gray matter heterotopias. Patients who have these conditions present clinically with developmental delay and seizures, and abnormal motor skills are noted in the more severely affected infants. To determine the utility of MR as a method for imaging in these patients, we used MR to evaluate 13 patients who had the full spectrum of migration anomalies. MR was more sensitive than CT in detecting these anomalies because of its better contrast between gray and white matter. We found that MR was particularly more sensitive in detecting schizencephaly, where recognizing the presence of gray matter lining the cleft is critical to distinguishing that disease from porencephaly, and in detecting polymicrogyria, where critical details of cortical architecture are obscured on CT by the overlying bone. Multiplanar capabilities were also found to be essential, since narrow clefts may not be detected when the imaging plane is parallel to the cleft. MR should be the primary imaging method for infants who have seizures or developmental delay. PMID- 3257120 TI - Threats to the quality of peer-reviewed radiology journals: identification of the problem and possible solutions. PMID- 3257119 TI - Cerebral necrosis after radiotherapy and/or intraarterial chemotherapy for brain tumors: PET and neuropathologic studies. AB - Cerebral necrosis after radiotherapy for brain tumors is being recognized as a problem more common than previously estimated. Distinction between this iatrogenic complication and tumor recurrence cannot be made by either CT or MR imaging. By using positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) we were able to reach a diagnosis of radiation necrosis, later verified, in 10 of 95 patients referred for the purpose of differentiating tumor recurrence from necrosis. The critical PET-FDG feature was focal hypometabolism in the area of necrosis, which contrasted with the hypermetabolism associated with the residual/recurrent tumor. In addition, four cases of cerebral necrosis after supraophthalmic, intraarterial chemotherapy (BCNU) were studied with the PET-FDG method. The area of chemotherapy damage was also characterized by marked hypometabolism. Histology revealed both similarities and differences between radio- and chemonecrosis. PMID- 3257121 TI - Simple radiation protection device for CT. PMID- 3257122 TI - Bone densitometry. PMID- 3257124 TI - Wall street entrepreneurs. PMID- 3257123 TI - Risk management for the radiologist. PMID- 3257125 TI - Yawning: an early manifestation of vasovagal reflex. PMID- 3257126 TI - Coauthorship in radiology journals. PMID- 3257127 TI - Fraud in radiologic research. PMID- 3257128 TI - How research becomes knowledge in radiology: an analysis of citations to published papers. AB - The process by which research becomes generally disseminated knowledge in radiology was studied by an analysis of reference citations. A citation is the event that occurs when one paper is listed as a reference by another paper. Analysis of the citations received by 30 diagnostic radiology journals in 1985 showed that five journals received 73% of the citations. Approximately half of the citations were made to papers over 5 years old. Analysis of the citations received by the 1977 issues of eight journals over a 9-year period showed a rapid rise in the number of citations received, a peak in the third year after publication, and a slow, exponential decline. Analysis of citations to a group of individual papers showed that 10% of the papers received nearly 50% of the citations. This information suggests that citations to the radiology literature are concentrated among a handful of papers in a few journals. The citation activities of individual journals reflect in part their editorial policies. Parameters of citation activity may be relevant to selecting journals for subscription, reading, or publication. The radiology literature has lasting relevance and receives citations for many years. Advancement of the science of radiology follows the lead of a very few works; the most frequently cited papers concern practical techniques and procedures. PMID- 3257130 TI - Penile angiography: the last angiographic frontier. PMID- 3257129 TI - Horizons in gallstone therapy--1988. PMID- 3257131 TI - Clinical evaluation of a medical image management system for chest images. AB - The clinical efficacy and physicians' assessment of a medical image management system (MIMS) for chest images that involved the medical intensive care unit (MICU) and the radiology department were evaluated. A token-passing fiber-optic network was implemented to connect display stations in the MICU and in the chest reading area in the radiology department with a laser film digitizer and an archiving system. To study the clinical efficacy of this system, blocks of 8 weeks during which portable chest images were digitized and immediately made available in the MICU were alternated with blocks of 8 weeks during which film images only were available. Approximately 3000 portable chest examinations were tracked; patients were entered into the study at a rate of 65 per month. Data on time intervals associated with the examination process were collected from MICU physicians, radiologists, radiographers, and film librarians. The time from the completion of an examination to the time an action was taken that was based on radiographic findings showed significant reductions during the digital periods for certain actions. For example, the time to begin drug therapy decreased from a mean of 4.7 hr when films were viewed to a mean of 3.3 hr when digital images were viewed. In conclusion, if prompt action by the MICU physician improves a patient's outcome, a positive effect on patient care will result from the immediate availability of radiographic images. PMID- 3257132 TI - CT densitometry of pulmonary nodules in a frozen human thorax. AB - The influence of (1) calcium concentration, (2) exposure technique, (3) reconstruction algorithm, (4) nodule size, and (5) nodule location on the CT attenuation values (CT density) of pulmonary nodules was examined in a frozen human thorax. Nodules with calcium concentrations of 0-310 mg/ml and diameters of either 0.95 or 1.59 cm were inserted into a frozen, unembalmed human thorax. The nodules were placed either at the lung apex or 4 cm below the tracheal carina. Each nodule was scanned on a GE CT 9800 scanner; five different exposure techniques were used. The slice thickness was uniformly 1.5 mm. As expected, increasing the kilovoltage caused a significant decrease in CT nodule density in all nodules with calcium concentrations greater than 80 mg/ml. The inverse relationship between kilovoltage and nodule density was exaggerated with increasing calcium concentration. A high-resolution (bone) algorithm gave a significantly higher CT number than did a smoothed (standard) algorithm, regardless of nodule size and location, but this difference could be attributed almost entirely to the edge-enhancement effect of the bone algorithm. The CT density of the larger nodules was significantly higher than that of the smaller nodules at calcium concentrations greater than 65 mg/ml for both standard and bone algorithms. Densities were significantly higher in the mid lung than in the apex with a standard algorithm, but this was not the case with a bone algorithm. The GE CT 9800 scanner had a linear response between CT density and increasing calcium concentration within the confines of a human thorax. A high-resolution (bone) reconstruction algorithm has higher spatial resolution but does show an edge-enhancing effect not found with the smoothed algorithm. Two major variables in CT densitometry for pulmonary nodules are the kilo electron voltage of the X ray beam and the reconstruction algorithm used; these two parameters should be standardized, with a high kilovoltage and high-resolution algorithm favored on the GE CT 9800 scanner. PMID- 3257133 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: preoperative radiologic evaluation. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether lateral radiographs of the pharynx and fluoroscopy of the lateral pharynx in the sleeping patient could be used as predictors of surgical success in patients undergoing soft-palate surgery for obstructive sleep apnea. A total of 12 patients had surgery after radiologic evaluation. There were six surgical successes and six failures. No successes occurred in patients with a soft-palate length of less than 46 mm, nor were there any successes among patients whose initial point of obstruction on fluoroscopy was inferior to the level of the soft palate. There was one surgical failure among patients in whom fluoroscopy showed upper airway obstruction beginning at the level of the soft palate during sleep. Results suggest that a patient is most likely to benefit from soft-palate resection if the soft palate is long--we conservatively suggest greater than 40 mm--and if sleep fluoroscopy of the lateral pharynx shows airway obstruction beginning at the level of the soft palate. PMID- 3257134 TI - Postbiopsy pneumothorax: estimating the risk by chest radiography and pulmonary function tests. AB - Pulmonary function tests and chest radiographs of 160 patients who had had percutaneous needle biopsy of lung lesions were reviewed to determine the value of these examinations in estimating the risk of postbiopsy pneumothorax. Chest radiographs were evaluated subjectively for changes of obstructive and restrictive airway disease and for size and depth of lesion. Pulmonary function tests, consisting of simple spirometry (forced vital capacity, percentage of predicted forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, and [forced expiratory in 1 sec/forced vital capacity] X 100), and the pulmonologist's interpretation were evaluated. Pneumothorax developed in 46% (31/67) of patients who had obstructive airway disease according to the results of pulmonary function tests and in 42% (34/81) of those who had obstructive airway disease according to changes on chest radiographs, compared with 19% (10/53) and 25% (17/67) of those who had normal pulmonary function tests and chest radiographs, respectively. Pneumothorax developed in 46% (23/50) of patients who had findings of obstructive airway disease on both pulmonary function tests and on chest radiographs, compared with 7% (2/28) of patients who were classified as normal by both criteria. None of the patients who had normal pulmonary function tests required placement of a chest tube, whereas 19% (13/67) of those who had obstructive airway disease required chest tubes. Decreasing size of lesion and increasing depth of lesion were associated with a significant increase in the risk of pneumothorax. We conclude that the results of chest radiographs and pulmonary function tests are useful parameters for estimating the risk of postbiopsy pneumothorax. PMID- 3257135 TI - Mediastinal cysts: diagnosis by CT and needle aspiration. AB - Five patients with bronchogenic or enteric cysts were diagnosed by using a combination of CT and transbronchial or transesophageal needle aspiration. Serous or mucoid fluid was successfully aspirated in each case. Cultures of the fluid were negative for pathogens, and cytologic examinations showed no malignancy. Mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy were avoided in all patients, including one symptomatic patient whose symptoms resolved after needle aspiration. CT with transbronchial or transesophageal needle aspiration represents a practical alternative to surgery in the evaluation of congenital mediastinal cysts. PMID- 3257136 TI - MR imaging of the transverse sinus of the pericardium. AB - On MR images of the chest, a low-signal-intensity band is often seen between the ascending aorta and left atrium in the transverse plane, and between the right pulmonary artery and left atrium in the coronal and sagittal planes. CT and MR of cadavers, with injection of contrast media into the pericardial space, confirmed that this structure was the transverse sinus of the pericardium. Retrospective review of MR studies in 45 patients without evidence of pericardial disease showed the transverse sinus of the pericardium in 80% (32/40) of transverse ECG gated images, 78% (7/9) of sagittal ECG-gated images, and 67% (14/21) of coronal ECG-gated images. Nongated studies showed the sinus infrequently. Knowledge of the three-dimensional anatomy of the transverse sinus of the pericardium and of its typical MR appearance should allow its recognition and preclude misinterpretation. PMID- 3257137 TI - MR imaging of the aorta after surgery for aortic dissection. AB - MR imaging is known to be an effective technique for the noninvasive diagnosis of thoracic aortic disease, but it has not been used to monitor the appearance of the aorta or the fate of the false lumen after surgery for aortic dissection. This study describes our initial experience with postsurgical MR imaging of aortic dissection (nine type A and two type B) to evaluate prognostically important features, including the status of residual false lumen. The most notable findings were (1) aneurysmal dilatation beyond the interposed graft (11/11 cases), (2) residual intimal flap (10/11 cases) with at least partial patency of the false lumen (10/10 cases), and (3) origin of a visceral vessel from the false lumen in persistently dissected abdominal aorta (6/9 cases). Evaluation of residual false lumen by double-spin-echo-intensity and phase display techniques showed evidence of slow blood flow with variable amounts of thrombus in eight of 10 cases. Differentiation between signal within the false lumen due to slow flow and signal due to thrombus was facilitated by phase display. MR imaging can be used for noninvasive monitoring of the aorta after surgical repair of aortic dissection. Since the false lumen usually remains patent after surgical repair, such follow-up of its status seems necessary for identifying potential complications of the original dissection and/or the therapy. PMID- 3257138 TI - Thrombosis of the splanchnic veins: CT diagnosis. AB - Fourteen patients had mesenteric, portal, or splenic venous thrombosis that was diagnosed primarily by contrast-enhanced CT. The group included five patients with coagulopathy, three with pancreatic carcinoma, two with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, one with pancreatitis, and one with hepatocellular carcinoma. In two patients, no etiology was determined. In all cases, CT easily identified low density venous thrombosis, which frequently involved more than one vein. In four patients, all three splanchnic veins were involved; five patients had occlusion of two veins. In five patients, only one vein was involved. Additional CT findings included ascites, collateral veins, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. No venous wall enhancement was found. CT also was helpful in defining the cause of thrombosis in six of 14 patients. Mesenteric edema and/or bowel wall thickening was not identified. None of the patients had classic clinical evidence of splanchnic venous occlusion, and none died primarily of that disease. The major morbidity suffered by these patients stemmed from complications of splanchnic venous occlusion, and nine patients ultimately required sclerotherapy, splenectomy, and portal decompression. We conclude that CT is useful in the diagnosis of splanchnic venous thrombosis. Our experience suggests that mesenteric, splenic, and/or portal venous thrombosis may occur more commonly than has been previously thought and that the disease in many cases is not life threatening. PMID- 3257139 TI - Barrett's esophagus: diagnosis by double-contrast esophagography. AB - A blinded, retrospective study was performed to determine the role of double contrast esophagography in diagnosing Barrett's esophagus. The study group consisted of 200 patients who had double-contrast esophagrams and endoscopy because of severe reflux symptoms. The radiographs were reviewed by two gastrointestinal radiologists who had no knowledge of the endoscopic findings. Patients were classified as being at high risk for Barrett's esophagus if the radiographs revealed a high stricture or ulcer or a reticular mucosal pattern; at moderate risk if the radiographs revealed a distal peptic stricture and/or reflux esophagitis; and at low risk if none of the aforementioned findings were present. When these radiologic criteria were used, 10 patients (5%) were thought to be at high risk, 73 (37%) at moderate risk, and 117 (58%) at low risk for Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopic correlation revealed biopsy-proved Barrett's mucosa in nine (90%) of 10 patients at high risk, in 12 (16%) of 73 at moderate risk, and in only one (1%) of 117 at low risk for Barrett's esophagus. Thus, endoscopy is clearly indicated for patients in the high-risk group. Because of the lower prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in the moderate-risk group, clinical judgment should be used in deciding when to perform endoscopy in these patients. However, most patients were in the low-risk group, and the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus was so low in this group that endoscopy does not appear to be warranted. Thus, the major value of double-contrast esophagography is its ability to separate patients into high-, moderate-, and low-risk groups for Barrett's esophagus to determine the relative need for endoscopy and biopsy. PMID- 3257140 TI - Interaction of steroids with adrenal cytochrome P-450 (P-450(17)alpha,lyase) in liposome membranes. AB - Purified cytochrome P-450(17)alpha,lyase from guinea-pig adrenal microsomes, which catalyzes progesterone 17 alpha-hydroxylation and sequentially C17-C20 bond cleavage of the 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, was successfully incorporated into liposomal membranes composed of only phosphatidylcholine or of a phospholipid mixture of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine at a molar ratio of 5:3:1. Although the purified P-450(17)alpha,lyase was readily converted into P-420 in the detergent-solubilized system without substrates, the P-450 embedded in the liposomal membranes was found to be quite stable without the substrates. Using the P-450(17)alpha,lyase-proteoliposomes, the interaction of steroids with P-450(17)alpha,lyase was studied for progesterone, 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione in the liposomal system by optical difference spectroscopy and by equilibrium dialysis. The partition coefficients of steroids between the aqueous phase and the liposomal membranes were determined by the equilibrium dialysis. They were about 1.4-1.6-times higher in phosphatidylcholine liposomes than in the liposomes of the lipid mixture. The dissociation constants of the P-450-steroid complexes were calculated from the apparent dissociation constants using the partition coefficients for the situation where the substrate-binding site faces the lipid phase of the membranes or where it faces the aqueous phase. The dissociation constant in the former case was not affected by the lipid composition. These results suggest that P 450(17)alpha,lyase might interact only with the substrates in the lipid phase of the liposomal membranes. PMID- 3257141 TI - Inducible oxacillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase in a methylotrophic bacterium. AB - A novel beta-lactamase (beta-lactam-hydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6) was detected in a culture of Pseudomonas C, an obligatory methylotroph. This is the first beta lactamase discovered in a methylotrophic organism. The inducible cell-bound enzyme with broad-spectrum activity against penicillins, was purified 77-fold from cell extracts of the methanol-grown bacterium, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 30,000. As a group, the isoxazolyl penicillins are the favored substrates, while cephalosporins are resistant to hydrolysis and act as mild competitive inhibitors. The activity of this M-OXA beta-lactamase focused as a single band at an acidic pI value (5.5) similar to that of PSE- and TEM-type enzymes, but can be clearly distinguished from other OXA-type beta-lactamases, all of which focus in the alkaline region. The enzyme is coded by a non transferable gene. Based on the sum of its physical and biochemical properties, the M-OXA beta-lactamase is distinguishable from all previously described beta lactamases, although immunological studies revealed some cross reactivity with the plasmid mediated OXA-2 enzyme. PMID- 3257142 TI - Interaction of bovine factor XIIa with an inhibitor from bovine plasma. AB - An inhibitor of factor XIIa has been purified from bovine plasma and characterized (Thornton, R.D. and Kirby, E.P. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 12714 12721). This inhibitor interacts with XIIa to form a very stable complex with a 1:1 stoichiometry. The active site of XIIa, located on the light chain, is directly involved in the interaction, and complex formation between factor XIIa inhibitor and XIIa can be blocked by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, corn trypsin inhibitor, or the chromogenic substrate S2302. Incubation of the complex with excess XIIa does not result in cleavage of the complex. The complex does not spontaneously dissociate and is stable to boiling, SDS, thiocyanate, acid, and hydroxylamine or Tris at pH 7-10. In addition to complex formation, a cleaved form of factor XIIa inhibitor can be observed. We suggest that the inhibitor is acting as a mechanism-based inactivator, using the criteria of time-dependent inactivation under pseudo-first-order conditions, 1:1 stoichiometry, active site involvement, kinetic protection by substrate or by an active site inhibitor, and partitioning between cleavage of factor XIIa inhibitor and inactivation by complex formation. PMID- 3257143 TI - Detailed studies on expression and function of CD19 surface determinant by using B43 monoclonal antibody and the clinical potential of anti-CD19 immunotoxins. AB - Extensive immunologic surface marker analyses and binding competition assays demonstrated that B43 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) is a new member of the CD19 cluster that recognizes the same surface epitope as several other anti-CD19 MoAbs. We used B43 MoAb to test for CD19 expression on neoplastic cells from 340 leukemia and 151 malignant lymphoma patients and on nonneoplastic cells in normal lymphohematopoietic and nonlymphohematopoietic tissues. Our study more than doubles the total number of cases with classified hematologic malignancies that have been examined for CD19 antigen expression. The data presented confirm that CD19 is the most reliable B lineage surface marker and support our view that this B lineage-restricted surface determinant may be an important functional receptor. Our findings provide unique and direct evidence that (a) CD19 is expressed on leukemic B lineage lymphoid progenitor cells freshly obtained from B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients but not on normal myeloid, erythroid, megakaryocytic, or multilineage bone marrow progenitor cells; (b) ligation of CD19 with B43 MoAb induces sustained increases in [Ca2+]i when crosslinked and inhibits high-molecular weight B cell growth factor (HMW-BCGF)-induced proliferation of activated B cells without affecting their low-molecular weight B cell growth factor (LMW-BCGF) response; therefore CD19 may be a unique signal receptor; (c) HMW-BCGF and LMW-BCGF augment expression of CD19, which suggests that CD19 and BCGF receptors may be under coordinate regulatory control; (d) approximately two million B43 MoAb molecules per cell can be bound to target B lineage lymphoma cells with a Ka of 1.9 x 10(8)/mol/L; (e) CD19 can undergo B43 MoAb-induced internalization; and (f) the opportunity is thus provided for using anti-CD19 MoAb to deliver toxins to B lineage neoplastic cells for more effective treatment of high-risk leukemia/lymphoma patients. PMID- 3257144 TI - Structure and expression of genes of GM-CSF and G-CSF in blast cells from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - The hematopoietic growth factors granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and G-CSF, available as recombinant products, stimulate the growth in culture of blasts from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). We used cDNA probes for each gene to study the genomic organization in blast cells of 22 patients and expression in the blast cells of 18 patients. Alteration in the structure of G-CSF (two instances) and GM-CSF (two instances) was found. In two patients in whom it was possible to study DNA from bone marrow obtained at remission, the new bands detected in the leukemic cells were not found. Fifteen of 18 patients showed no RNA expression of either growth factor. Both patients with GM-CSF abnormalities as seen by Southern analysis expressed an abnormally large GM-CSF message but no G-CSF messages. One patient with an abnormal Southern pattern with G-CSF expressed normal-sized G-CSF and GM-CSF messages. The biologic significance of these findings remains to be determined. Nonetheless, the abnormal Southern patterns may prove to be useful clonal markers in the study of AML. PMID- 3257145 TI - Measurement of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in biologic fluids with a murine monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI 1) in biologic fluids was developed on the basis of two murine monoclonal antibodies raised against PAI-1 purified from HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay in plasma is 2 ng/mL. The assay is 12 times less sensitive toward the PAI-1/human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t PA) complex as compared with free PAI-1. The intraassay, interassay, and interdilution coefficients of variation are 5.2%, 8.0%, and 7.1%, respectively. The level of PAI-1 in platelet-poor plasma of healthy subjects is 18 +/- 10 ng/mL (mean +/- SD, n = 45). In platelet-rich plasma after freezing and thawing, 92% of PAI-1 antigen is released from platelets, whereas only 8% is found in the corresponding platelet-poor plasma. In platelet-poor plasma from healthy subjects, a linear correlation (r = 0.80) was found between PAI activity and PAI 1 antigen. In plasma approximately two thirds of the PAI-1 antigen was functionally active, whereas only 5% of the PAI-1 antigen released from platelets was active. During pregnancy a progressive increase of PAI-1 antigen levels up to three- to sixfold the control value was observed. In plasma of patients with recurrent deep vein thrombosis, PAI-1 levels were 44 +/- 20 ng/mL (mean +/- SD, n = 7), during a clinically silent phase. Four of these patients had a level above 38 ng/mL (mean +/- 2 SD of normal). The present assay, based on stable and reproducible reagents, allows the specific determination of PAI-1 antigen in biologic fluids. It may facilitate interlaboratory comparisons and be useful for further investigations of the role of PAI-1 in clinical conditions associated with impaired fibrinolysis and/or a tendency to thrombosis and investigations of the role of PAI-1 in platelets. PMID- 3257146 TI - Increases in neutrophil counts by purified human urinary colony-stimulating factor in chronic neutropenia of childhood. AB - Clinical effects of purified human urinary colony-stimulating factor (CSFHU) were studied in nine patients with chronic neutropenia of childhood who ranged in age from 1 to 18 years. The patients were given CSFHU at a dose of 6 x 10(6) U/m2/d for seven consecutive days, and their peripheral neutrophil counts were serially followed for 6 to 12 months. In addition, changes in bone marrow morphology and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFUs) were studied. Transient increases in neutrophil counts occurred during the first 4 weeks in all patients except one. Repeated increases were seen in a cyclic fashion in five patients. Three of the patients recovered from the neutropenia after several cycles of fluctuation of neutrophil counts; the counts (per microliter) reached 5,880, 5,640, and 2,000 as compared with pretreatment levels (mean +/- 2 SD) of 80 +/- 164, 182 +/- 250, and 2 +/- 14, respectively. The percentage (mean +/- SE) of marrow neutrophilic cells increased from 30.4% +/- 7.0% to 34.9% +/- 6.9% (P less than .05) and the ratio of the later neutrophil precursors to the earlier ones from 1.02 +/- 0.27 to 1.42 +/- 0.36 (P less than .02) 2 weeks after CSFHU infusion. There were no changes in GM-CFU numbers. These results indicate that CSFHU can increase neutrophil counts by increasing the number and maturity of the marrow neutrophil precursors in some types of childhood chronic neutropenia. PMID- 3257148 TI - von Willebrand disease "Vicenza" with larger-than-normal (supranormal) von Willebrand factor multimers. AB - When normal volunteers or patients with type I von Willebrand disease (VWD) are given desmopressin (DDAVP), a set of larger-than-normal (supranormal) von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers, similar to those present in VWF-containing cells such as platelets megakaryocytes and endothelial cells, appear transiently in postinfusion plasma. In two kindreds with mild lifelong bleeding symptoms transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, all ten symptomatic members (but none of the five asymptomatic members) had a supranormal multimeric structure for plasma VWF, apparently identical to that seen for postdesmopressin normal plasma. Plasma factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C), VWF antigen (VWF:Ag), ristocetin induced platelet agglutination, and ristocetin cofactor (RiCof) activity were low. Platelet VWF:Ag and RiCof levels (tested for three patients only) were normal. Bleeding times were normal or slightly prolonged. The patients' platelet multimeric structure was the same as that for normal platelets. After desmopressin infusion the plasma VWF multimeric structure remained supranormal as for preinfusion plasma, with VIII:C VWF:Ag and RiCof increasing markedly over baseline values and disappearing at a normal rate. Examination of the VWF subunit composition from three of these patients indicated that proteolytic processing of their VWF did not differ from normal. This study describes the first variant of VWD with a supranormal multimeric structure. PMID- 3257147 TI - Opposite effects of recombinant interferon-alpha A and deoxycoformycin on adenosine deaminase activity in the Daudi B lymphoblastoid cell line. AB - Interferon-alpha and the adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor deoxycoformycin (dCF) have each been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of some lymphoid malignancies and to have potent antiproliferative activities in vitro. This study examined whether dCF and recombinant interferon-alpha A (rIFN-alpha A) were additive, synergistic, or antagonistic in their effects on the cultured B lymphoblastoid cell line Daudi. Treatment of Daudi cells for three to four days with doses of rIFN-alpha A that were growth inhibitory was unexpectedly found to increase the level of ADA activity per cell two- to threefold and therefore to prevent the inhibition of ADA by limiting concentrations of dCF. However, the opposite effects of dCF and rIFN-alpha A on ADA activity did not lead to antagonistic effects on growth inhibition. The higher concentrations of dCF (with deoxyadenosine) necessary for appreciable growth inhibition could inhibit the increased ADA activity in rIFN-alpha A-treated cells, thus resulting in additive antiproliferative effects. PMID- 3257149 TI - Human mast cells synthesize new granules during recovery from degranulation. In vitro studies with mast cells purified from human lungs. AB - Secretory cells undergoing release and recovery events related to constitutive and/or stimulus-initiated secretion might be expected to undergo distinctive changes in morphology as well. We studied the release and recovery events of human mast cell secretion stimulated by antibody to immunoglobulin E. We used enzymatically digested mast cells from human lung specimens further purified by countercurrent centrifugation elutriation. Release kinetics were like those reported for isolated human lung mast cells. In two complete kinetic experiments we restudied these early release patterns (0 to 30 minutes). Mast cells, either stimulated or controls, were then cultured and sampled for electronmicroscopic studies at periodic intervals (3 to 48 hours). We describe events of the late recovery period here, although some overlap with processes seen in early recovery samples occurred. Mast cells that released nearly all their cytoplasmic granules and exteriorized the containers, eg, granule-channel membranes, underwent progressive enlargement of Golgi structures and development of numerous small cytoplasmic vesicles and small, membrane-bound granules filled with particulate and dense content. Ultimately, new mature cytoplasmic granules of all substructural patterns occurred. Nuclear blast changes and expansion of cytoplasmic mass accompanied this period of new granule synthesis. Mixed recovery patterns were present in individual cells. These represented the morphological expression of a variety of recovery events. Thus, some cells showed a combination of channel recovery and remodeling to form new granule containers within which condensation of content produced crystalline patterns, as well as synthesis of new granules, as described here. This morphological versatility resulted in multiple mast cell morphological phenotypes during these release and recovery processes. PMID- 3257151 TI - Sensory-to-motor transformations in the vestibular system. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex is a compensatory reflex that results in eye movements that are 180 degrees out of phase with movements of the head but that match head velocity. Because of these reflex eye movements that are equal, but opposite to head movement, the viewed object remains on the fovea of the retina during head movement, thus resulting in visual acuity that is not degraded by visual image slip on the retina. This reflex is compensatory over a large spectrum of head movements in any plane of space. This is accomplished by a spatial and temporal transformation of the input from the vestibular semicircular canals to the motoneurons that innervate the extraocular muscles. The reflex is a three-neuron arc. The middle leg of the reflex is accomplished by secondary vestibular neurons whose axons branch to innervate more than one extraocular muscle. These secondary neurons thus program an eye movement rather than the contraction of a single extraocular muscle. These programmed eye movements that match the plane of the particular semicircular canal that is the input to the reflex constitute the spatial transformation. Primary vestibular afferents innervating the semicircular canals have a broad range of response dynamics that either lead, lag or are in phase with head velocity. The predominant vestibular primary afferent input to the middle leg of the reflex, the same secondary neurons as mentioned above, is parcellated so that afferents more in phase with head velocity predominate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3257150 TI - Vascular endothelial cells and granulopoiesis: interleukin-1 stimulates release of G-CSF and GM-CSF. AB - Cultured mononuclear phagocytes produce soluble factors that stimulate endothelial cells to release GM-colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA). One such factor was recently identified as interleukin 1 (IL 1). Studies were designed to determine which types of granulopoietic factors are released by IL 1-stimulated endothelial cells. Supernatants from endothelial cells cultured for 3 days in medium containing IL 1 alpha and beta were tested in both murine and human CFU-GM colony growth assays. The effect of conditioned media on differentiation of WEHI 3B myelomonocytic leukemic cells was also examined. Control media containing IL 1 alone or unstimulated endothelial cell-conditioned media contained no detectable CSA in any bioassay. Medium conditioned by IL 1-stimulated endothelial cells stimulated the clonal growth of both human and murine CFU-GM and induced macrophage differentiation of WEHI-3B cells. Treatment of these conditioned media with a highly specific neutralizing monoclonal G-CSF antibody completely inhibited their activity in the murine CFU-GM assay, but only partially inhibited GM colony growth by human marrow. Treatment of the active conditioned media with a neutralizing rabbit anti-human GM-CSF antibody partially reduced the activity of the media in the human GM-colony growth assay. G-CSF radioimmunoassay of endothelial cell culture supernatants and Northern blot analysis of endothelial cell cytoplasmic RNA for GM-CSF gene transcripts confirmed that IL 1 induced expression of both G-CSF and GM-CSF genes. Because treatment of media with both antibodies abrogated all activity in the human GM colony growth assay, we conclude that IL 1-stimulated endothelial cells release both G and GM-CSF and that these are the only granulopoietic factors detectable in clonogenic assays released by these cells in vitro. PMID- 3257152 TI - Pulmonary talc granulomatosis mimicking Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3257153 TI - Hairy cell leukemia cells express CD1a antigen. AB - Five patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were studied. Peripheral blood leukocytes, rosette-forming cells (T) and non-T-cells were stained in immunofluorescence by a panel of monoclonal antibodies to investigate the phenotype of HCL cells (HCLC). In all patients HCLC showed B-lymphocyte phenotype, although they were not stained by antibodies reactive for monocytes, natural killer cells, or T-cells. However, in all instances the large majority of HCLC were unexpectedly stained with an antibody (anti-CD1a) usually detectable only in early thymocytes and on Langerhans cells. This finding was further confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. This type of ambiguity in the lineage of HCL could imply that HCLC might arise from cells differentiated towards the B cell lineage, still sustaining an early antigen of a different (T) lineage. These results, moreover, extend the range of the known distribution of the CD1a antigen, which could be useful in diagnosing HCL. PMID- 3257154 TI - Imaging of human leukemic T-cell xenografts in nude mice by radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies and F(ab')2 fragments. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) that react with the T-lymphocyte markers called cluster of differentiation CD5 and CD2 were labeled with iodine 131 (131I) and were injected intravenously in nude mice bearing solid subcutaneous xenografts derived from the human T-cell leukemia line Ichikawa. Both MoAb anti-CD5 and anti CD2 yielded favorable mean tumor to whole-body ratios of 3.8 and 5.1, respectively. These ratios were further increased up to 10.0 for MoAb anti-CD5 and 15.5 for MoAb anti-CD2 by using their F(ab')2 fragments. The tumors could be imaged clearly by external scanning after injection of F(ab')2 fragments from both MoAb. F(ab')2 fragments from MoAb anti-CD2 and of a third MoAb recognizing the clonotypic determinant (Ti) of the antigen receptor expressed by the human T cell line Jurkat were injected in mice bearing intrasplenic Jurkat xenografts. A selective localization of both fragments in tumor tissue was demonstrated with mean tumor to whole-body ratios of 7.5 and 4.1 for MoAb anti-CD2 and anti-Ti, respectively. These in vivo experimental results may provide useful information for the potential use of radiolabeled MoAb and fragments in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with T-cell lymphoma and different other forms of T-cell malignancies. PMID- 3257155 TI - B-cell differentiation pattern of cutaneous lymphomas in infancy and childhood. AB - This article documents four children with cutaneous lymphomas. Two of them had regional disease and the other two already had disseminated disease when they were diagnosed. Immunophenotyping of the lymphomatous infiltration disclosed a cell antigen profile with pre-pre-B (HLA-DR+, CALLA+, VIB-C5+), pre-B (HLADR+, CALLA+, VIB-C5+, cytoplasmatic immunoglobulin+), and transitional pre-B characteristics (HLA-DR+, CALLA+, VIB-C5+, surface immunoglobulin+). The morphology of the blast cells in all patients showed features of lymphoblastic lymphoma. Two patients had the convoluted cell type in common, but they were immunologically different, one displaying pre-pre-B and the other pre-B immunophenotypes. The remaining two cases were diagnosed as lymphoblastic lymphomas "type others" according to the Kiel Classification, one with pre-B and the other with transitional pre-B characteristics. The morphologic and immunohistochemical parameters as well as the clinical data from the four cases clearly indicate the heterogeneity of cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children. PMID- 3257156 TI - T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with translocation (1;18). AB - A case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a translocation between chromosomes #1 and #18 is described. The breakpoints were at bands 1q23 and 18q21. A single cell contained the translocation t(1;19)(q23;p13). The breakpoint on chromosome #1 was the same in both translocations, and the breakpoint on chromosome #18 was the same as that in t(14;18)(q32;q21) associated with follicular lymphoma. The possible relationship between chromosome bands 1q23 and 18q21 and the morphologic features of the leukemia cells is discussed. PMID- 3257157 TI - Cytogenetic studies in T-cell malignancies. AB - Clonal chromosome abnormalities in ten cases of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders are reported. In addition, an extensive review of the literature on T cell lymphomas shows the chromosomal sites most frequently involved in structural rearrangements. PMID- 3257158 TI - Effect of continuous administration of interleukin 2 on active specific chemoimmunotherapy with extracted tumor-specific transplantation antigen and cyclophosphamide. AB - Injection of purified human interleukin 2 (IL-2) directly into the spleen has been shown to potentiate the effect of specific chemoimmunotherapy, using butanol extracted tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) and cyclophosphamide (CY) in a C3H/HeJ murine methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma model. Since IL-2 has a relatively short half-life in serum, continuous infusion of this lymphokine via the intrasplenic (i.s.), i.v., or i.p. routes was administered in an attempt to maintain therapeutic tissue levels. Primary hosts bearing 7-day (4-mm) or 14-day (greater than 10-mm) established s.c. methylcholanthrene F tumors were treated with weekly s.c. doses of 1 micrograms 1-butanol-extracted, isoelectrophoretically purified TSTA, the first of which was combined with a single i.p. injection of 20 mg/kg CY, and/or a 10-day continuous infusion of 120 units IL-2/day by one of the three routes. IL-2 delivered by all routes either by continuous infusion or by bolus injection augmented the chemoimmunotherapeutic efficacy of TSTA/CY against 7-day established tumors. On the other hand, the outcome of 14-day (greater than 10-mm) established tumors depended upon the method and route of administration of IL-2: continuous infusion via the i.v., i.p., or i.s. route prolonged host survival beyond that obtained by bolus administration. Continuous i.s.-IL-2 infusion greatly prolonged, continuous i.p. IL-2 (120 units/day) slightly extended, and continuous i.v.-IL-2 had no effect on host survival. In a spontaneous pulmonary metastasis model following amputation of a tumor-bearing limb, only the triple regimen of TSTA/CY/i.s.-IL-2 decreased the number of lung colonies and prolonged host survival. Continuous infusion i.s. IL-2 (120 units/day, 10 days) combined with TSTA/CY induced tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells, as documented by in vitro 51chromium release cytolytic and in vivo local adoptive transfer assays. Based upon the residual local adoptive transfer assay activity of spleen cells depleted of specific lymphocyte subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies, the immune effectors generated by i.s.-IL-2 plus TSTA/CY bear the Thy 1+, Lyt2+ phenotype and those by i.p. or i.v. IL-2 plus TSTA/CY, the Thy+, L3T4+ markers. Thus continuous i.s.-IL-2 infusion appears to augment cytotoxic T-cell induction in tumor-bearing hosts undergoing stimulation of helper elements by TSTA and inhibition of suppressor cells by CY. PMID- 3257159 TI - Combined effects of chemotherapy and interleukin 2 in the therapy of mice with advanced pulmonary tumors. AB - We have evaluated the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on the toxicity and antitumor benefit of therapy of established murine tumors by high-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2). Cyclophosphamide (Cy), doxorubicin, and bischloroethylnitrosourea were given to normal mice prior to IL-2 administration to test the effects of these agents on IL-2-induced toxicity. Cy at doses of 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg completely protected mice from a 100% lethal dose of IL-2, and doses of 50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg allowed the administration of a median of 4.5 and 10.0 more doses of IL-2, respectively, before death from IL-2 toxicity occurred. Doxorubicin at 8 mg/kg and bischloroethylnitrosourea at 20 mg/kg did not impact on toxicity in IL-2-treated mice. In mice bearing pulmonary metastases of the weakly immunogenic MCA-105 sarcoma, IL-2 increased median survival time from 33 (no IL-2) to greater than 60 days for all doses of IL-2 tested when combined with a single injection of Cy at 75 mg/kg (P less than 0.002). Increasing doses of either Cy or IL-2 produced increasing benefits on survival which were always greater than either treatment alone. These effects of Cy and IL 2 were also seen in mice bearing the nonimmunogenic MCA-101 sarcoma and a murine adenocarcinoma (MCA-38). Doxorubicin and bischloroethylnitrosourea did not consistently enhance the effects of IL-2 treatment. Cy appears to reduce the yield of in vivo generated lymphokine-activated killer cells, but these lymphokine-activated killer cells are still lytic for fresh tumor targets in vitro. Thus, the mechanism of this synergy does not appear to involve stimulation of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity, but may in part involve reduction of tumor burden by the chemotherapeutic agent, an increase in susceptibility of tumor to cellular immune lysis, and/or a decrease in suppressor cell activity mediated by the chemotherapy. PMID- 3257160 TI - Alterations in murine host defense functions by adriamycin or liposome encapsulated adriamycin. AB - Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from C57BL/6 mice were collected on different days following an i.p. injection of Adriamycin (10 mg/kg) as free drug (ADM) or encapsulated in multilamellar liposomes (ADM/Lip). Macrophages harvested from mice at various times (Days 4-14) after either drug treatment were responsive to in vitro lipopolysaccharide induction of tumoricidal activity, maximum response being seen on Day 7. In addition, 18 days after treatment, significant macrophage tumoricidal activity was observed only in the ADM/Lip-treated group. When supernatants from cultures of PEC obtained 7 days after treatment were assayed for interleukin 1 following lipopolysaccharide stimulation, activity was found with both ADM- and ADM/Lip-treated cells. Without lipopolysaccharide stimulation, only PEC from ADM-treated mice elaborated factor(s) with interleukin 1-like activity. Both ADM and ADM/Lip induced significant PEC-natural killer (PEC-NK) activity by Day 4, while the ADM/Lip treatment sustained PEC-NK activity more effectively than free drug at later time points (7 or 11 days posttreatment). Drug-induced PEC-NK activity (Day 7) was (a) ablated by treatment in vitro with anti-asialo GM1 antibody and complement, and (b) associated with a population of PEC nonadherent to plastic. A transient suppression of splenic NK activity was seen 4 days following either ADM or ADM/Lip administration with recovery to control level by Day 7. These data demonstrate that following ADM or ADM/Lip administration some of the changes necessary for macrophage tumoricidal activation must have occurred in vivo. Liposome encapsulation of ADM extended the duration of ADM-induced augmentation of certain host defenses. PMID- 3257161 TI - Interleukin 2 expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in human renal cell cancer: isolation, characterization, and antitumor activity. AB - We have described a method for the generation, from fresh human renal cell cancers, of lymphoid cells that are capable of exhibiting significant antitumor reactivity when tested in short term 51Cr release assays. Tumor cell suspensions obtained from 37 consecutive fresh human renal cell cancer specimens (35 patients) could be separated by using enzymatic techniques and culturing in medium containing recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2). The total cell recovery was 1.5 X 10(9) +/- 2.2 (SE) per tumor with a range of 1 X 10(8) to 5 X 10(9) cells. The percentage of tumor cells in the suspension ranged from 6 to 75% with a mean of 39.1 +/- 3.3%. The remaining cells were predominantly lymphocytes. Viability of mononuclear cells was greater than 90%. Activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) within these tumors expand and by 10 to 14 days after initiation of culture a 5- to 15-fold increase in the number of lymphocytes could be achieved with elimination of all autologous tumor cells. Lymphocytes were recultured in fresh medium containing IL-2 and continued to expand between 2- and 10-fold every 4 to 6 days for an average of 33.7 +/- 4.5 days, resulting in greater than 50,000-fold increase in the total number of lymphocytes. The average number of splits was 4.9 +/- 0.8, with a range of 0 to 21. In 11 of 11 cases tested, TIL exhibited a far better expansion capability in vitro compared to that of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from the same patient and grown under identical conditions. The majority of TIL were T cytotoxic/suppressor cells (Leu 2+ Leu 4+). With continued in vitro expansion (up to 50 days) there was a concomitant increase in the helper T (Leu 3+) and pan T populations (Leu 4+) and decrease in Leu 2+ and HLA-DR+ cells. Compared with expanded peripheral blood lymphocytes, these cells demonstrated higher levels of IL-2+ receptors and HLA DR+ antigens. Renal TIL effectors expanded in IL-2 could lyse almost all autologous tumor targets in 4-h chromium release assays. Allogeneic renal as well as nonrenal targets were equally lysed. TIL lysis of cultured tumor targets K562 and Daudi was significantly better than lysis of autologous, allogeneic-renal, and nonrenal targets. No statistically significant difference in the cytotoxic activity of renal TIL or peripheral blood lymphocyte effectors in killing autologous or allogeneic targets could be demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3257162 TI - Enhancement of in vivo and in vitro murine immune responses by the cyclophosphamide metabolite acrolein. AB - Cyclophosphamide (CY)-mediated immunoenhancement has been attributed to the inhibition of suppressor T-cell generation. In order to exert its effects on the immune system, metabolic activation of CY is required. The metabolite of CY responsible for its immunoenhancing properties are not known. Two reactive metabolites of CY which may inhibit suppressor T-cell generation are phosphoramide mustard and acrolein, compounds known to primarily bind to DNA and sulfhydryl groups, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine whether acrolein and/or phosphoramide mustard are capable of enhancing the immune response in a manner similar to CY. Administration of 100 mumol/kg of acrolein, i.v., to female C57BL/6 x C3H F1 mice 1 day before antigen exposure (sheep red blood cells) resulted in a 50% increase in the delayed-type hypersensitivity response (foot pad swelling). The Day 4 primary humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells was also increased by 88 and 60% after the administration of 30 and 100 mumol/kg acrolein 1 day before sensitization with sheep red blood cells. Exposure of splenocyte cultures to 3 x 10(-7) and 10(-6) M 4-hydroperoxy-CY or acrolein produced significant increases in the in vitro T-dependent antibody forming cell response. In contrast, the antibody-forming cell response of cultures exposed to 3 x 10(-8) - 10(-4) M phosphoramide mustard did not increase above control levels. These results suggest that acrolein is responsible for the CY-induced enhancement of the immune response. Moreover, the enhancement may be produced by the binding of acrolein to sulfhydryl groups of molecules of cells required for the generation of suppressor T-cells. PMID- 3257163 TI - Glucocorticoid effects on lipid lateral diffusion and membrane composition in lipopolysaccharide-activated B-cell leukemia 1 cells. AB - We have investigated the effects of glucocorticoid treatment on lipid lateral diffusion and cholesterol:phospholipid ratios in the plasma membranes of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive murine B-cell leukemia (BCL1). Exposure to LPS for 24 h at concentrations of 50 micrograms/ml, 100 micrograms/ml, and 250 micrograms/ml caused a 42% reduction in the lateral diffusion of the lipid probe 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine iodide as measured by fluorescence photobleaching recovery techniques at 37 degrees C. In cells incubated with 50 micrograms/ml LPS, 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine iodide diffusion is reduced to 2.2 x 10(-9) cm2s-1 compared to freshly isolated BCL1 cells where 3,3' dioctadecylindocarbocyanine iodide diffused at a rate of 3.8 x 10(-9) cm2s-1. In BCL1 cells activated by LPS for 24 h and recultured with a pharmacological concentration of the synthetic glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide (TA, 10(-6) M) for 6 h, lipid lateral diffusion increased to 3.5 x 10(-9) cm2s-1. Concentrations of TA lower than 10(-6) M had no effect on lipid lateral diffusion. Six-h treatment with 10(-6) M TA had no effect on freshly isolated BCL1 cells (Time 0). However, lipid lateral diffusion increased in cells incubated 24, 48, and 72 h with LPS, and an additional 6 h with 10(-5) M TA suggested that activated BCL1 cells were more glucocorticoid sensitive than cells at Time 0. Plasma membrane cholesterol and phospholipid content, analyzed at 0 and 24 h, indicated that LPS activation was associated with a 7% increase in the cholesterol:phospholipid ratio in BCL1 membranes and that glucocorticoid treatment of these LPS-activated cells for 6 h decreased the membrane cholesterol:phospholipid ratio perhaps through inhibition of de novo cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 3257164 TI - Latent transformed growth-inhibiting factor in human malignant effusions. AB - An inhibitor of soft agar colony formation by a human breast carcinoma-derived cell line was found to be present in latent form in the majority of cytology positive human malignant effusions. Prior to dialysis, addition of human malignant effusions resulted in less than 10% alteration in efficiency of colony formation by the BT-20 human breast carcinoma cell line (mean efficiency 1 colony/4.3 cells plated at 14 days; mean colony diameter greater than 0.8 mm). After dialysis (membrane cutoff of 3500 molecular weight), 58 of 70 malignant effusions from patients with a variety of epithelial cell carcinomas resulted in 71% mean inhibition of colony formation (range 19.1-98% inhibition). Similar inhibition of anchorage-independent growth was observed for a human colon cancer derived cell line (HCT-15) but not for polyoma and murine sarcoma virus transformed rodent fibroblast lines. The malignant effusion-related transformed cell growth-inhibiting factor (TGIF) was sensitive to heat, sulfhydryl reduction, and protease treatment. TGIF-containing effusion resulted in parallel inhibition of thymidine incorporation in sensitive cell types in vitro. TGIF was precipitable in 28-34% ammonium sulfate with reconstitution of activity after resolubilization. TGIF was partially purified by chromatography on Biogel A-0.5 and Biogel P-100 which yielded two peaks of inhibitory activity. The predominant species had an approximate molecular weight of 110,000 and could be recovered as a single species from DEAE-cellulose at relatively high salt concentrations (0.4 M NaCl). A smaller amount of inhibitory activity was recovered from Biogel P-100 or Biogel P-60 with an apparent molecular weight of 55,000. The higher molecular weight TGIF which appears to be a dimer of the Mr 55,000 protein is distinguishable from previously described growth-promoting and -inhibiting factors. PMID- 3257165 TI - Uptake and intracellular distribution of doxorubicin metabolites in B-lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The toxicity of doxorubicin metabolites was evaluated on lymphocytes of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Only doxorubicinol was found to be cytotoxic for these lymphocytes, whereas exposure to aglycones at concentrations as high as 5 microM for 1 h had no effect on the proliferative capacity of these cells. After exposure of cells to isomolar concentrations of doxorubicin or its metabolites, uptake/retention of doxorubicinol was 23% of doxorubicin, and uptake/retention of aglycones was 5 to 13% of doxorubicin. Seventy to 90% of doxorubicin and 60 to 90% of doxorubicinol taken up/retained by the cells were detected in the cell nuclear fraction, whereas only 20 to 40% of the aglycones were localized in the cell nucleus. Cytotoxicity of metabolites was generally related to the proportion of drug taken up/retained by the cells and localized to the nuclei. The low uptake and nuclear localization may be at least partially responsible for the lack of cytotoxicity of aglycones on B-lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3257166 TI - Effect of lymphokine-activated killer cell fraction on the development of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. AB - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells from cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) have been clinically used in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer patients. To study their influence on human hematopoiesis, the LAK cell fraction was cocultured with marrow nonphagocytic cells from normal subjects in an assay system of hematopoietic progenitors. The fraction suppressed colony growth from relatively mature erythroid progenitors in a dose-dependent manner. Although unactivated cells, which were produced without IL-2, augmented the growth of early erythroid progenitors, the LAK cell fraction did not. This fraction suppressed colony growth from mature granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (day 7 CFU-GM) especially with an 18-h preincubation prior to coculture. It also suppressed both immature granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (day 14 CFU-GM) and multipotential hematopoietic progenitors. The suppressive effects were observed on colony growth from autologous marrow cells as well as allogeneic marrow cells. The suppression of day 7 CFU-GM colony growth by supernatants due to preincubation with marrow cells and the LAK cell fraction suggested that the humoral factor contributes to the suppression by the LAK cell fraction. These data suggest that the LAK cell fraction suppresses the development of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. PMID- 3257167 TI - Immunomodulatory properties of recombinant murine and human tumor necrosis factor. AB - Tumor necrosis factor has traditionally been thought to have direct cytostatic and cytotoxic properties with little or no direct immunomodulatory activity. We report here that tumor necrosis factor is able to activate macrophages both in vitro and in vivo and can increase a mixed lymphocyte response and act as an adjuvant for both T- and B-cells in vivo. Adjuvant activity in T-cells occurred in conjunction with the administration of a suboptimal syngeneic tumor cell vaccine. In addition, tumor necrosis factor demonstrated a potent dose-dependent effect on bone marrow stem cell number, dramatically depressing cellularity and thus total stem cell number. An appreciable interval is required for recovery from such stem cell depletion. Therefore, the study of the therapeutic activity of tumor necrosis factor must include a consideration of its immunomodulatory properties. PMID- 3257168 TI - Augmented antitumor effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha by indomethacin. AB - In murine syngeneic tumor models, the antitumor effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (rHu IL-1 alpha) was significantly augmented by oral coadministration of indomethacin (IND). The augmentation was more or less observed by various routes of rHu IL-1 alpha (i.m., i.v., and intratumoral routes), against various tumors (Meth A sarcoma, colon 26 adenocarcinoma, B16 melanoma, and Lewis lung carcinoma) and irrespective of administration timings (in early and late stages of tumor growth). This results suggests that prostaglandin E2 produced by host cells in response to rHu IL-1 alpha and/or by tumor mass might interfere with the antitumor activity of rHu IL-1 alpha and also that cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as IND might counteract such interference. In the combination of rHu IL-1 alpha with IND, its efficacious doses (5-50 micrograms/kg) against murine tumors were at least 300-3000 times lower than its median lethal dose (more than 15 mg/kg). In addition, IND partially prevented the loss of body weight attributed to rHu IL-1 alpha injections at relatively high doses. Combined use of rHu IL-1 alpha with IND seems to be desirable from both therapeutic and toxicological viewpoints. PMID- 3257169 TI - Testosterone-mediated increase in 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone content, nuclear androgen receptor levels, and cell division in an androgen-independent prostate carcinoma of Noble rats. AB - An androgen-independent, transplantable prostate carcinoma line (AIT), originally derived from the dorsolateral prostate (DLP) of Noble rat, was implanted into orchiectomized Noble rats and its response to androgen stimulation was studied and compared to that of the regenerating DLP tissue in sexually ablated rats. AIT tumors carried in castrated hosts displayed a high basal level of proliferative activity (mitotic index (MI), 15.0 +/- 0.5) while DLP tissue in untreated castrates exhibited no proliferative activity. Following androgen stimulation by testosterone capsule implantation into host rats, the AIT responded with a marked increase in cell proliferation; MI values doubled to 30.0 +/- 2.9 on Day 5 following androgen stimulation. This androgen-induced increase in MI values was coincident with elevations in nuclear androgen receptor (20-fold increase) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone content (3-fold increase) in the tumor. However, by Day 10 following androgen treatment, indices of cell proliferation in the AIT declined to pre-androgen-stimulated levels (MI, 14.8 +/- 1.9) despite the continued elevations in nuclear androgen receptor and tissue 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone contents. Parallel changes in MI were also observed in the normal regenerating DLP following androgen stimulation. MI values in this tissue increased from nondetectable levels to 38.1 +/- 4.7 on Day 5 but declined to relatively low levels (4.5 +/- 0.9) by Day 10 following androgen replacement. Taken together these findings led us to conclude that the AIT carried in castrates is capable of responding to testosterone in a manner similar to that observed for androgen-stimulated DLP of sexually ablated rats. Thus, in both the neoplastic and regenerating tissues, the initial response to androgen is characterized by a marked enhancement of cell proliferation which was correlated with an increase in androgen receptor and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone content. However, like its tissue of origin, the AIT possesses mechanisms which act to limit androgen-induced cell division despite continued elevations in key parameters of androgen activation. PMID- 3257170 TI - Alteration of human lymphokine-activated killer cell activity by manipulation of protein kinase C and cytosolic Ca2+. AB - We have examined the effects of protein kinase C (PK-C) stimulation and cytosolic Ca2+ elevation on the in vitro induction of non-histocompatibility-restricted tumoricidal activity from human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The tumor cytolytic activity, as well as the number of cells recovered from interleukin 2 (IL-2) stimulated cultures, was enhanced by the addition of the PK-C stimulator, phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu), but not non-PK-C-activating phorbol ester analogues while the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, did not significantly alter development of IL-2 induced tumor cytolytic activity nor enhance cell yield. Neither PDBu nor ionomycin, alone or in combination, induced tumoricidal activity. The addition of both PDBu and ionomycin to recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2)-exposed cultures produced a strong mitogenic response and high cell yield, although Daudi cell killing measured at Day 5 was completely abolished. This abrogation of lymphokine activated killer cell activity was seen as early as 24 h following exposure to PDBu and ionomycin, reaching 50% following 2 days of exposure. When lymphocytes mitogenically expanded by primary exposure to PDBu and ionomycin and then washed free of these agents were further cultured with rIL-2 alone, proliferation continued, and substantial cytolytic activity for Daudi cells was induced. The development of this postexpansion cytotoxic activity was not dependent on the addition of exogenous rIL-2 during the primary cultures. Fractionation of cells into large granular lymphocytes and small T-lymphocytes indicated that only the large granular lymphocytes proliferate in response to rIL-2 alone. Both large granular lymphocytes and small T-lymphocytes proliferate in response to the addition of PDBu and ionomycin, and both populations of cells developed tumor cytolytic activity following removal of PDBu and ionomycin and subsequent culture in rIL-2. These data suggest that PK-C and Ca2+ signals play key roles in the regulation and/or proliferation of tumor cytotoxic lymphocytes or their precursors and that manipulation of those signals can be utilized to produce substantially more tumoricidal activity from lymphocyte populations than can be achieved with rIL-2 alone. PMID- 3257171 TI - Optimization and characterization of the capillary human tumor clonogenic cell assay. AB - The capillary human tumor clonogenic cell assay (HTCA) has been shown to have important advantages over conventional HTCAs. In the present report, this promising novel HTCA was further optimized and characterized using 46 primary human tumor specimens, 6 human tumor cell lines (1 astrocytoma, 2 colon carcinomas, 1 melanoma), and 2 murine leukemias. Hydrocortisone, epidermal growth factor, heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, and horse serum were investigated for their ability to modulate tumor colony formation in the assay. Critical assay parameters that can affect tumor colony formation, namely, cell seeding density, agarose concentration, culture volume, capillary tube geometry, and capillary tube sealing, were also investigated. The results showed that serum (optimum concentration, 20%) was obligatory for tumor colony formation, and that both epidermal growth factor (50 ng/ml) and hydrocortisone (2.5 ng/ml), although supportive of colony growth, were not absolute requirements. Plating at 2.5-3 x 10(5) cells/ml in a culture volume of 50 microliters/capillary tube and an agarose concentration of 0.2% optimized colony formation (number, size, and distribution of colonies along the capillary tube) by primary human tumor cells. The cell lines generally formed colonies best at lower seeding densities and in lower culture volumes (30 microliters/tube). Colony formation was significantly better in unsealed than in sealed capillary tubes and growth was just as good, and in some cases, better in round capillary tubes than in square ones. Using ovarian carcinoma cells, the Cellscan prototype system was demonstrated as feasible for automated counting and evaluation of tumor colony growth in capillary tubes. A comparison of the capillary HTCA and the agar double-layer assay in Petri dishes produced a median plating efficiency of 0.18 for the capillary HTCA and 0.036 for the Petri dish method. The overall success rate was 77% for the former and 53% for the latter assay. PMID- 3257172 TI - Suppression of EGF binding in rat liver by the hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators, 4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio-(N-beta hydroxyethyl)ac etamide and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. AB - Dietary administration of 4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio(N-beta hydroxyethyl) acetamide(BR931) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), hypolipidemic agents, to rats for 3-35 days induced a marked reduction in the hepatocyte surface and intracellular binding of [125I]EGF without affecting its binding affinity. The reduction was apparent after 3 days' feeding of BR931 and the magnitude of the reduction was consistently higher in hepatocytes of BR931 treated rats than those of DEHP-treated rats. The liver extracts and the sera from rats fed BR931 or DEHP for 4 weeks showed no inhibitory effects on the EGF binding of hepatocytes from rats fed a basal diet. Possible significance of the changes in relation to their hepatocarcinogenic action was discussed. PMID- 3257173 TI - The association between blood pressure, age, and dietary sodium and potassium: a population study. AB - We examined the relationship between blood pressure and dietary sodium and potassium intake estimated from 24 hr diet recall in a population of 584 men and 718 women 30 to 79 years old in Southern California. In men, but not women, age adjusted systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated significantly with dietary sodium intake. In both men and women, age-adjusted diastolic blood pressure significantly inversely correlated with dietary potassium intake. Age adjusted systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated significantly with the dietary sodium/potassium ratio in each sex; correlations were better for the ratio than for either sodium or potassium alone. The relationship was apparent over the whole range of blood pressure and dietary intake. A marked age gradient was apparent in men, the regression slope for blood pressure vs sodium/potassium ratio increasing with increasing age, suggesting increasing sensitivity to dietary sodium/potassium ratio with age. Adjusting for intake of other dietary variables, including calories, protein, carbohydrate, saturated fat, alcohol, calcium, and fiber, did not alter the relationships; adjusting for body mass index reduced the strength of the association in women but not in men. These results support the hypothesis that dietary sodium and potassium are related to blood pressure within a population. PMID- 3257174 TI - Analysis of T-cell-derived factors with the use of B-prolymphocytic leukemia cells. AB - Mononuclear cells of five patients with B-prolymphocytic leukemia were tested for their functional capacities in vitro after stimulation. Leukemic B cells from these patients have a mature phenotypic marker profile and can be obtained in high numbers from peripheral blood. B cells of all five patients proliferated in response to phorbol myristate acetate. In one patient, this proliferation was strongly enhanced by the addition of T-cell-conditioned medium. Conditioned medium by itself or interleukin 2 in the presence or absence of the phorbol ester was not active. This enabled us to develop an assay for a B-cell growth factor different from interleukin 2. Next to their proliferative capacities, we found that malignant B cells of three of the five patients secreted large amounts of IgM when stimulated with pokeweed mitogen or interleukin 2 in the presence of allogeneic T cells. In the absence of these allogeneic cells, neither pokeweed mitogen nor interleukin 2 had any effect. However, T-cell-conditioned medium as well as the supernatants of two T-cell hybridomas induced strong IgM production in the absence of T cells. Thus, neoplastic B cells of some patients with B prolymphocytic leukemia can be stimulated to proliferation and differentiation in vitro and can be used as an assay and model system to study the effect of T cells and/or T-cell factors in human B-cell activation. PMID- 3257176 TI - Improvement of four patients with HIV-1 related symptoms after hyperimmunization with killed poliomyelitis (Salk) vaccine. AB - Four HIV-1 positive patients with characteristic symptoms of this infection experienced amelioration or resolution of symptoms after 2 months of hyperimmunization with inactivated (Salk) poliomyelitis vaccine. The patient who was initially the most symptomatic exhibited a marked improvement in T4/T8 ratio at the sixth month of continued hyperimmunization treatment. With two patients reported previously, six consecutive patients with lymphotropic retrovirus disease have benefited from hyperimmunization with inactivated polio vaccine. PMID- 3257175 TI - Characterization of immune complexes detected by the 125I-C1q binding assay in breast cancer. AB - The aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize immune complexes measured by the 125I-C1q binding assay in breast cancer sera. The C1q binding assay detects immune complexes by their binding to 125I-C1q and subsequent precipitation with PEG. We purified the C1q binding material from these precipitates by superose 6 gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography. The isolation steps were monitored by the C1q binding assay and the purified material was analyzed by SDS--PAGE and immunodiffusion. The C1q binding material isolated from two breast cancer sera contained complexes of IgM, C4b binding protein (C4 bp), and C1q. The C4-bp fraction showed significant C1q binding activity which increased after the addition of IgM. This C4-bp was not different from C4-bp isolated from normal serum. The IgM fraction, however, differed from normal IgM by its binding to C4-bp and C1q and its stronger affinity to the cation exchange column. These unique properties were not due to rheumatoid factor activity. They might be caused by a different glycosylation pattern or by complex formation with an as yet unknown polysaccharide antigen. PMID- 3257177 TI - HIV-mediated immunodepression: in vitro inhibition of T-lymphocyte proliferative response by ultraviolet-inactivated virus. AB - In order to assess whether the human retrovirus HIV, like other animal retroviruses, is endowed with intrinsic immunosuppressive activity, we studied the effects of noninfectious, uv-irradiated virus on in vitro lymphocyte function. uvHIV preparations inhibited T-cell proliferation to mitogens and alloantigens, as well as mitogen-driven IL-2 production. The inhibitory effect, which was not exerted by uv-irradiated HTLV-I, was apparently not due to a decrease in cell viability and was likely associated with thermoresistant viral component(s). The suppression proved to be selective for T-cell responses, while sparing other lymphocyte functions, such as the B-cell proliferative response to a selective B-cell mitogen. The inhibitory effect of uvHIV was not counteracted by a substantial reduction in the number of monocytes or by indomethacin. Moreover, IL-1 production by monocytes was not affected upon virus incubation. On the other hand, the proliferative response of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell clones was inhibited by uvHIV, suggesting that T cells represent the actual target for the inhibitory effect. Although a sizeable decrease in IL-2 production was observed following uvHIV incubation, exogenous IL-2 was not capable of reversing the virus-induced suppression of the proliferation. The possibility that the immunosuppressive activity of noninfectious HIV contributes to the T-cell defect in infected patients by mechanisms other than the cytopathic effect on CD4+ T lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 3257178 TI - Serum IgA deficiency and anti-IgA antibodies in pernicious anemia. AB - Three pernicious anemia (PA) patients with selective IgA deficiency and anti-IgA antibodies in their sera were followed for over 3 years. After instituting therapy with cyanocobalamin there was a slight increase in the anti-IgA antibodies. After 1 year the titers of anti-IgA antibodies in the sera of these patients declined significantly as compared to the values before treatment (P less than 0.02), and after 2 years one patient had no measurable anti-IgA antibodies, yet no IgA appeared in the serum of any of the three. Further, in a medium with no anti-IgA the lymphocytes of these patients were not capable of producing IgA in vitro. Thus, the reason for the IgA deficiency in PA appears to be linked to the function of B cells rather than to anti-IgA antibodies. PMID- 3257179 TI - Hormone control of autoantibodies to calf thymus nuclear extract (CTE) and DNA in MRL-lpr and MRL-+/+ mice. AB - Because hormonal influences on autoimmune disease in MRL-lpr and MRL-+/+ mice have not been defined completely, we examined animals which had been castrated and implanted with the opposite sex hormone. Antibodies directed at non-DNA antigens in a calf thymus nuclear extract (designated CTE) and specific anti-DNA antibodies were increased in estrogen-treated males, testosterone-treated females, and sham-operated female controls compared to sham-operated males. Analysis by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation revealed that gonadal hormones exerted marked differences in the distribution and nature of circulating IgM anti CTE antibodies. Although 19 S IgM was the predominant form of anti-CTE antibodies in experimental groups showing elevated anti-CTE responses, estrogen-treated male MRL-lpr mice expressed a large additional population of anti-CTE IgM antibody released by acid dissociation of apparently cryptic complexes. An unexpected additional finding was the presence of cryptic anti-CTE IgG (7 S) in all groups of MRL-lpr and MRL-+/+ mice, revealed only in sucrose gradient analysis under acid conditions. It is suggested that sex-related factors may account, in part, for apparent differences in levels of circulating autoantibodies observed in MRL mice by influencing the degree to which autoantibody populations exist in circulating complexes. PMID- 3257181 TI - Temperature-dependent malignant invasion in vitro by frog renal carcinoma-derived PNKT-4B cells. AB - The northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, may be afflicted with a herpesvirus transmitted renal carcinoma which has the interesting property that its metastatic behavior is temperature-related. PNKT-4B is a cell line derived from a pronephric carcinoma arising in a tadpole. We sought to ascertain if invasion of normal tissue by PNKT-4B cells in three-dimensional confrontation culture in vitro is similarly temperature-dependent. Normal fragments of tadpole and frog organs are invaded by PNKT-4B cells at 28 degrees C but not at 20 degrees C or 21 degrees C. PNKT-4B cells failed to invade tadpole tissues at 7 degrees C. A temperature critical for invasion was sought. Temperatures of 21 degrees C and cooler are invasion-restrictive and 23 degrees C and warmer are invasion permissive under the conditions of this study. Identification of a critical permissive temperature allows for the characterization of biochemical events which may be activated at the same temperature. The biochemical changes, which are selectively activated and subsequently repressed as tumor cells are cycled through invasion-permissive and invasion-restrictive temperatures, become compelling candidates as reactions involved in, or causal for, malignant invasion. PMID- 3257182 TI - Pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta following cardiac surgery. AB - Pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta is an unusual and potentially fatal complication of cardiovascular surgery. Most pseudoaneurysms are associated with aortic valve or coronary artery bypass graft surgery and are often mycotic in origin. Chest roentgenography and aortography have been the principle methods of diagnosis. Recently, contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) has proven to be a useful means of diagnosis, providing a less invasive method of distinguishing pseudoaneurysm from other causes of fever and mediastinal widening in the postoperative cardiovascular patient. Thirty one cases of postoperative pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta occurring since 1963 are reviewed, including seven cases from our experience. PMID- 3257180 TI - Association of SIBA treatment and a Met-depleted diet inhibits in vitro growth and in vivo metastatic spread of experimental tumor cell lines. AB - We have used 5'-deoxy-5'-S isobutyl-thioadenosine (SIBA), an analog of S adenosylhomocysteine, alone or in association with a methionine-depleted diet in order to obtain an antitumoral effect in two different tumor models: a transplantable rat rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS-J1) induced by i.m. injection of nickel and the well-known Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) of C57BL/6 mice. Since SIBA has been reported to inhibit the methyl group transfer from methionine to S adenosylhomocysteine, among other activities, its association with a reduction of methyl donors, achieved by methionine depletion of the diet (in vivo) or the culture medium (in vitro), should logically lead to an additive effect. In vitro, 3LL and RMS-J1 were sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of SIBA and were methionine dependent for their proliferation. Fibroblast proliferation was not affected by these two treatments alone or in association. In vivo, either SIBA treatment or a low methionine diet led to a significant decrease in the metastatic character of these two tumors; however, local tumor growth was not significantly affected. The median number of 3LL metastases counted in the lungs was reduced from 100 to 18 by SIBA treatment, and to 27 by the low methionine diet. No additive effect could be detected when the treatments were given simultaneously. RMS-J1-bearing rats treated with SIBA and fed a low Met diet underwent primary tumor excision. The median numbers of lung metastatic nodules were 27, 26, 14 and 8 for the control, SIBA-treated rats, methionine-deprived rats and rats receiving the combined therapy. Expressed as percentages 20 per cent were cured, 23 per cent showed a low number of lung metastases (P less than 10), whereas all the rats in the control group developed more than 10 pulmonary nodules. No cytotoxic effect could be observed on the treated rats. The role of SIBA and methionine depletion, as agents interfering with transmethylation processes, in regard to the control of tumor development, namely metastatic invasiveness, is discussed. PMID- 3257183 TI - Left main coronary dissection after mild chest trauma. Favorable evolution with fibrinolytic and surgical therapies. AB - A 32-year-old woman had acute anterior myocardial infarction after a mild chest trauma (automobile accident). Unstable angina recurred shortly after admission, and extensive dissection of the left coronary artery was demonstrated. Medical therapy including systemic fibrinolysis was started but clinical stabilization and good long-term result was achieved only by aortocoronary bypass grafting. PMID- 3257184 TI - Correlation of bronchoalveolar lavage cell populations with clinical severity of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - We correlated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell populations with clinical course and outcome in 19 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Twelve patients demonstrated an elevated (greater than or equal to 5 percent) BAL combined neutrophil and eosinophil count, which correlated with the magnitude of the alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient. Patients with elevated BAL granulocytes also had significantly higher serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. Three of the four patients who died had the highest percentage of neutrophil counts observed in lavage fluid. Although no patient was thought to have a concurrent bacterial infection, potential pathogens were cultured from the sputum of patients with the most elevated neutrophil counts. Whether BAL granulocytes reflect an inflammatory process analogous to the adult respiratory distress syndrome or signify concomitant bacterial infection remains to be determined. We conclude that BAL granulocytes are associated with more severe respiratory compromise in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3257185 TI - C1q and C3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - Immune complexes have been thought to participate in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, but the role of complement components is not defined. In our study of nine patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (summer-type HP), C1q in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was strikingly increased (mean 3.7, range 0.4 to 10 micrograms/ml). The value of C1q/albumin was several to 20 times greater in BALF than in serum samples from individual patients. In contrast, BALF samples from control subjects (ten patients with sarcoidosis and nine normal subjects) contained an undetectable amount (less than 0.02 micrograms/ml) of C1q. C3 in BALF also increased in the summer-type HP patients. Furthermore, C1q (as well as specific IgG and IgA antibody activities to Trichosporon cutaneum antigen) in BALF correlated with clinical symptoms and diffusing capacity (DCO), while the BAL lymphocytosis or the change of OKT4/OKT8 ratio did not. These findings are indicative of local secretion or concentration mechanism of C1q and C3, supporting the involvement of immune complexes in the respiratory tract of the patients. PMID- 3257186 TI - [Prognostic parameters in liver cirrhosis, varicose bleeding and sclerosing therapy. Prospective comparison of a prognostic system with the Child classification obtained by discriminant analysis]. AB - Prospective prognosis systems for predicting half-year death-rate after bleeding from oesophageal varices and sclerotherapy were tested on 129 patients. The receiver-operating-characteristic curves of three discriminant scores were compared with the Child-Pugh classification. It was found that the latter is still the best for prognosticating the course of the disease. A simplified discriminant score which contains as its only factors bilirubin and the Quick value does, however, give nearly as good information. PMID- 3257187 TI - Cytochalasins and colchicine increase the lateral mobility of human chorionic gonadotropin-occupied luteinizing hormone receptors on ovine luteal cells. AB - To determine whether cytoskeletal proteins restrict the mobility of LH-receptor complexes occupied by hCG, we measured the rate of lateral diffusion and the fraction of mobile receptor-hormone complexes by fluorescence photobleaching recovery on luteal cells treated with microtubule and microfilament disruptors and on portions of the plasma membrane separated from the underlying cytoskeleton (blebs). Enzymatically dispersed ovine luteal cells obtained on day 11 from superovulated ewes were pretreated for 1 h at 37 C with cytochalasin B (20 micrograms/ml), cytochalasin D (20 micrograms/ml), or colchicine (40 micrograms/ml). These drugs had no effect on the lateral diffusion of cell membrane glycoproteins labeled with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate derivatized succinyl Concanavalin-A. However, drug treatment caused a significant increase in the diffusion coefficient and mobile fraction of hCG-occupied LH receptors compared to values obtained on untreated cells. hCG-occupied LH receptors on untreated cells exhibited a mobile fraction of 10.3%, and these mobile complexes had a diffusion coefficient of 3.3 X 10(-11) cm2 sec-1.hCG occupied LH receptors on cytochalasin B-treated cells had a diffusion coefficient of 9.0 X 10(-11) cm2 sec-1, with 26% fluorescence recovery. Cytochalasin D and colchicine caused significantly greater increases in hCG mobility to 22.0 and 22.5 X 10(-11) cm2 sec-1, respectively, although the mobile fraction remained at about 25-30%. That binding of hCG to the LH receptor restricts lateral mobility through interactions of the hormone-occupied receptor complex with the cytoskeleton is further indicated by results obtained on membrane blebs. The fraction of mobile hCG-occupied LH receptors on blebs was 52.3%, and complexes had a diffusion coefficient of 1.7 X 10(-10) cm2 sec-1. The hormone-induced restriction of LH receptor lateral diffusion had no effect on the lateral mobility of tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-epidermal growth factor-labeled receptors. PMID- 3257188 TI - Immunohistochemistry of cytochrome P-450 21-hydroxylase: microscopic examination of the enzyme in the bovine adrenal cortex and kidney. AB - Cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylase (P-450C21) localized in bovine adrenal cortex and kidney was immunocytochemically observed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using a specific antibody. P-450C21 was present in all three zones of the adrenal cortex. Immunoreactivity for P-450C21 was intense in the zona glomerulosa and inner reticularis and faint in the area between the zona glomerulosa and outer fasciculata, probably representing the zona intermedia. The positive stain was only observed in parenchymal cells. The immunoreactivity varied within each zone, especially in the zona reticularis. In the kidney, immunoreactivity for P-450C21 was exclusively localized in the distal and cortical and medullary collecting tubules. This corresponds to the site of mineralocorticoid action in the kidney. No immunoreactivity was observed in the liver and aorta. PMID- 3257189 TI - Interleukin-1 inhibits luteinization of porcine granulosa cells in culture. AB - Interleukin-1(IL-1), a cytokine predominantly produced by activated macrophages, has been shown to possess a wide range of biological functions as well as to play a role as an immune mediator. As it has been reported that homogenates of peritoneal macrophages contained substances which stimulated progesterone production by luteinized granulosa cells of mice, we examined whether IL-1 could modulate the steroidogenic functions of granulosa cells. Porcine granulosa cells obtained from medium-sized follicles were cultured with IL-1 in the presence or absence of LH, and the effects of IL-1 on LH-stimulated as well as basal progesterone production by these cells were examined. Contrary to our expectation, IL-1 markedly inhibited the LH-stimulated progesterone production in a dose-dependent manner. The morphological luteinization of the granulosa cells induced by LH was also inhibited by IL-1. In addition to effects on LH-induced differentiation, IL-1 exhibited an inhibitory effect on basal (unstimulated) progesterone production as well. The ovarian granulosa cell was identified as one of the possible targets for IL-1, and it was shown for the first time that IL-1 can modulate steroidogenic functions of mammalian cells in culture. PMID- 3257190 TI - Proliferation of lymphoid precursor cells in the bone marrow of patients with various disorders of the immune system. AB - In the human bone marrow the nuclear enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is expressed by cells during early stages of lymphocyte differentiation. In order to investigate a possible regulation of lymphopoiesis at this level of differentiation, the relative frequency and the in vitro 3H-thymidine labeling index (3HdT-LI) of TdT-positive bone marrow cells were assessed in patients with different functional activities of the immune system. TdT-positive lymphoid precursor cells could be detected in the bone marrow of all children investigated, including six patients with various forms of immunodeficiency. Neither a transient hyperfunction of the immune system during the immunological rebound after cessation of long-term chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, nor a congenital or acquired hypofunction of the immune system had any detectable influence on the invariably high in vitro 3HdT-LI of TdT-positive bone marrow cells, a phenomenon possibly related to an autonomous and high turnover of this precursor cell compartment in the human bone marrow. PMID- 3257191 TI - Long-term bone marrow culture as a model for host toxicity: the effect of methotrexate on hematopoiesis and adherent layer function. AB - Long-term bone marrow culture was used to examine the hematopoietic toxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate. A dose-related suppression in myelopoiesis was seen when cultures were treated with 10(-3), 10(-4), or 10(-5) M methotrexate followed by folinic acid rescue. Differential counts revealed an initial decrease of postmitotic myeloid cells followed by mitotic precursors and myeloid colony-forming units (CFU-C). Myelopoiesis had disappeared by 7-10 days when 10(-3) M methotrexate was studied, by day 21 with 10(-4) M methotrexate, and by day 28 with 10(-5) M methotrexate. Although 10(-3) M methotrexate caused a predictable suppression in myelopoiesis, the effect of 10(-5) M methotrexate was more variable. In some studies this dose caused significant suppression of myelopoiesis, whereas in others less suppression occurred. This provides some evidence for varying host susceptibility to drug. Microenvironmental (adherent layer) cells were also affected by methotrexate. An increase in proliferation of these cells occurred in proportion to the dose of methotrexate added to culture. Methotrexate did not affect the ability of the adherent cells to produce colony stimulating activity (CSA), but high doses did prevent the layer's ability to support the proliferation of adherent cell-free marrow. These results indicate that long-term bone marrow culture can be used to successfully predict and define chemotherapeutic host toxicity. PMID- 3257192 TI - Differential effect of lonidamine on the plasma membrane ultrastructure of normal and leukemic human lymphocytes. AB - The effect of Lonidamine on the plasma membrane ultrastructure of normal and leukemic human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hPBL) was studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Lonidamine induces remarkable changes in the intramembrane particle distribution on both fracture faces of the plasma membrane as well as of the intracytoplasmic membranes. In particular, a dose-dependent clustering of intramembrane particles was observed in all cell types examined, i.e., normal T and B lymphocytes, T cells from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and B cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, though to a different extent. Normal T lymphocytes appear to be the most sensitive to the action of the drug, while corresponding B cells are much less affected. As regards leukemic cells, in T lymphoblasts the ultrastructural membrane changes are lower than in normal T lymphocytes, whereas leukemic B cells show the same low response to Lonidamine treatment as their normal counterpart. Such a differential effect may be explained by the different membrane molecular organization displayed by normal T and B lymphocytes and by normal and leukemic cells. Moreover, the extent of the ultrastructural modifications at the plasma membrane level, correlates well with literature data on the inhibition of the aerobic glycolysis induced by Lonidamine on the different lymphoid cell types. These findings seem to further confirm that cell membranes are the primary targets of Lonidamine action. PMID- 3257193 TI - Ketoconazole inhibits multiple steroidogenic enzymes involved in androgen biosynthesis in the human ovary. AB - Ketoconazole (KZ) has been shown to inhibit testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis and is useful in the medical management of gonadotropin independent precocious puberty, prostatic cancer, and Cushing's syndrome. To determine whether KZ similarly affects ovarian steroidogenesis, the authors examined its effect on the activity of the human ovarian 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3 beta-HSD), 17-hydroxylase (17-OH), and aromatase (AR) in vitro. A dose-dependent decrease in the activities of 3 beta-HSD and 17-OH was observed with increasing amounts of KZ. With 10, 50, and 100-fold excess KZ, the activity of 3 beta-HSD decreased by 59% (P less than 0.001), 73% (P less than 0.005), and 85% (P less than 0.005), respectively. At equimolar concentrations with substrate (50 microM), KZ inhibited 17-OH by 70% (P less than 0.01). No significant effect on ovarian AR activity was observed, except at the highest concentration of KZ tested. The authors conclude that low concentrations of KZ profoundly inhibit the activity of human ovarian 3 beta-HSD and 17-OH in vitro. These observations suggest that KZ might be useful in the medical management of women with hyperandrogenism, but further experimentation and clinical trials will be necessary. PMID- 3257194 TI - Increased resistance of the rat gastric mucosa to hemorrhagic damage after exposure to an irritant. Role of the "mucoid cap" and prostaglandin synthesis. AB - This study examined the contribution of the "mucoid cap" that forms on the gastric mucosal surface after the application of an irritant to the increased resistance of the mucosa to damage induced by a subsequent application of ethanol ("adaptive cytoprotection"). Furthermore, the role of prostaglandins in the mechanism of this adaptation was examined. Hemorrhagic necrosis involving greater than 30% of the mucosa was induced by the topical application of 70% ethanol. Exposure of the mucosa to 1 M NaCl before ethanol application resulted in a 98% reduction in hemorrhagic necrosis. Removal of the mucoid cap that formed after application of the NaCl did not cause a reduction of the protective effects. Similarly, pretreatment with indomethacin did not reverse the protection, despite causing a 77% inhibition of gastric cyclooxygenase activity. The present study confirms that the application of an irritant to the gastric mucosa results in a significant increase in the resistance of the mucosa to hemorrhagic damage induced by ethanol. Although the mucoid cap that forms after irritation of the mucosa may play a role in promoting restitution, it does not appear to be responsible for the resistance to hemorrhagic necrosis. Prostaglandin synthesis by the gastric mucosa also does not appear to play a major role in the mechanism of adaptive cytoprotection. PMID- 3257195 TI - Barrett's esophagus. PMID- 3257197 TI - Disseminated Pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - A case of disseminated pneumocystosis occurring in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is described. Postmortem examination of this patient, who had three episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during his 3-year clinical course, revealed clinically unsuspected infiltration of lymph nodes, spleen, adrenal glands, and bone marrow, in addition to persistent pulmonary infection by the organism. PMID- 3257196 TI - Inhibitory effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide and calcitonin on opossum esophageal smooth muscle. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is widely distributed in the gastrointestinal nerves, including those of the esophagus. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effect and the mechanism of action of CGRP on the lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal contractions. This peptide caused dose-dependent relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. The D50 for inhibitory effect of intraarterial CGRP on the sphincter was 5.0 X 10(-13) mol/kg. Calcitonin gene-related peptide is 3000 times more potent than calcitonin. The effect of CGRP on the lower esophageal sphincter was partially antagonized by tetrodotoxin or black widow spider venom. The inhibitory effect of CGRP on the sphincter appears to be exerted at two levels: (a) at the sphincteric smooth muscle, and (b) at the noncholinergic, nonadrenergic inhibitory neurons. Calcitonin gene-related peptide also exerts a potent inhibitory effect on the peristaltic contraction of the esophageal body in response to swallowing and vagal efferent stimulation. Using immunohistochemical studies we also showed the presence of CGRP-immunoreactive neurons within the myenteric ganglia of the esophagus. These studies suggest that CGRP may play an important role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the esophagus. PMID- 3257198 TI - Detection of a novel HLA-DQ specificity. II. Cellular analysis by cytotoxic T cell clones. PMID- 3257199 TI - Assignment of the T-cell differentiation gene MAL to human chromosome 2, region cen----q13. AB - A cDNA clone has recently been isolated that encodes a protein expressed only in the intermediate and late stages of T-cell differentiation, termed MAL. The polypeptide deduced from the MAL cDNA sequence contains four potential transmembrane domains. We have used a panel of 28 human X rodent hybrid cell lines to assign the MAL gene to the proximal long arm of human chromosome 2, region cen----q13. The significance of the MAL map position and its relationship with other genes on chromosome 2 are discussed. PMID- 3257200 TI - Cloning and sequencing of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane protein P6. AB - P6, a 16,600-dalton protein present in the outer membranes of both typeable and nontypeable strains, may be an important antigen in immunity to Haemophilus influenzae. The gene encoding P6 of a nontypeable strain of H. influenzae was cloned by using bacteriophage lambda gt11. Four recombinant phages were detected by screening plaques with monoclonal antibodies and a polyclonal antiserum. One recombinant phage, clone O, produced a full-length gene product which was expressed at a high yield. The DNA insert contained within this phage was cloned into the plasmid vector pUC18 to create the recombinant plasmid pBUD1. An Escherichia coli transformant containing this plasmid produced a protein which had an apparent molecular weight identical to that of H. influenzae P6, as determined by Western blot (immunoblot) analyses. Expression of the P6 polypeptide by both clone 0 and the transformant was independent of induction of the lac operon by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, suggesting that transcription was from the promoter of the P6 gene. Immunoelectron microscopy using a monoclonal antibody with specificity for a P6 surface epitope detected the presence of P6 on the surface of the transformant. The insert in pBUD1 was cut down in size to approximately 800 base pairs. The resultant plasmid, pBUD5, also coded for a full-length gene product. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the P6 gene contains transcriptional and translational sequences resembling those recognized in E. coli and a signal sequence characteristic of procaryotic membrane proteins. In addition, the carboxy terminus of this signal sequence shares homology with a common sequence found in bacterial lipoproteins, suggesting that P6 is a lipoprotein. Posttranslational proteolytic cleavage of the signal sequence would result in a protein composed of 134 amino acids. PMID- 3257201 TI - Neutralization of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 by monoclonal antibodies in vitro and in vivo. AB - Sixteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) were generated by immunization of mice with purified TSST-1 and subsequent fusion of spleen cells with myeloma cells. Antibody-producing clones, identified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were maintained as ascites tumors, and MAbs were purified by protein A chromatography. High-titered clones were further characterized and tested for the ability to neutralize several biological activities of TSST-1. The MAbs, which are of several immunoglobulin subtypes, reacted specifically with purified TSST-1 and TSST-1 present in Staphylococcus aureus culture supernatants. Three MAbs neutralized TSST-1-induced mitogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Three of eight MAbs tested were able to neutralize induction by TSST-1 of interleukin-1 production by human monocytes. One neutralizing MAb, 8-5-7, was tested for the ability to protect rabbits from a constant infusion of TSST-1. Rabbits given the MAb had an attenuated clinical illness and were protected from the hypocalcemia, lipemia, and hepatic and renal insufficiency seen in control rabbits. Six of seven control rabbits died, compared with only one of seven rabbits treated with MAb 8-5-7. These experiments suggest that MAb 8-5-7 is directed against an antigenic determinant critical to the toxicity of TSST-1 and that the MAbs should be useful as probes in structure function analyses of the TSST-1 molecule. PMID- 3257202 TI - Importance of fatty acid substituents of chemically synthesized lipid A-subunit analogs in the expression of immunopharmacological activity. AB - The immunopharmacological activities of chemically synthesized lipid A-subunit analogs, 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine derivatives carrying different N- and 3-O linked acyl groups, were investigated. None of the synthetic compounds tested exhibited any detectable pyrogenicity at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg. Weaker lethal toxicity in galactosamine-sensitized mice was detected at 1 microgram per mouse for all the synthetic compounds except GLA-58. Among (RS) stereoisomers of 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine derivatives carrying a 3-O-tetradecanoyl (C14) group with different N-linked acyloxyacyl groups, i.e., 3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl [C14-O-(C12)], 3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl [C14-O-(C14)], and 3 hexadecanoyloxytetradecanoyl [C14-O-(C16)] groups (termed GLA-57, GLA-27, and GLA 58, respectively), GLA-27 exhibited significant colony-stimulating factor inducing and tumor necrosis factor-inducing activities, mitogenicity, polyclonal B-cell activation activity, macrophage activation, and adjuvanticity. The activities of GLA-57, which had an N-linked C14-O-(C12) group, were equivalent to or somewhat weaker than those of GLA-27 with a C14-O-(C14) group. Significant immunopharmacological activities were not observed for GLA-58, carrying a C14-O (C16) group bound to the amino group. GLA-59, carrying 3-O-linked 3 hydroxytetradecanoyl (C14OH) and N-linked C14-O-(C14) groups, showed much higher activities than GLA-27, GLA-60, a compound which possesses the same fatty acid substituents as GLA-59 but with reversed binding sites, showed the strongest B cell activation and adjuvant activities among the synthetic compounds. Among stereoisomers of GLA-59 and GLA-60 composed of fatty acid substituents with the (RR) and (SS) configuration, compounds with the (RR) configuration elicited stronger activities than the (SS) stereoisomers. The importance of fatty acid substituents, including stereospecificity for the expression of immunopharmacological activities of 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine derivatives, was demonstrated. PMID- 3257203 TI - Immune enhancement of pulmonary clearance of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. AB - BALB/c mice systemically immunized by intraperitoneal injection with whole, viable cells of two different strains of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) exhibited a markedly enhanced ability to clear the homologous strain of NTHI from the lower respiratory tract. Immunization did not influence the number of phagocytic cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from mice before or after intrapulmonary challenge with NTHI. Immunization also induced the synthesis of relatively large quantities of NTHI-directed antibodies which were detectable in both the bloodstream and the alveolar spaces of the lung. Radioimmunoprecipitation and Western blot (immunoblot) analyses indicated that these antibodies were directed against both the proteins and lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in the NTHI outer membrane. Bactericidal and opsonophagocytic assays determined that the NTHI-directed antibodies in the serum were functional and able to kill or opsonize the homologous NTHI strain. Mice immunized with an NTHI major outer membrane protein-LOS complex also had an increased ability to effect pulmonary clearance of NTHI. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from these animals immunized with the outer membrane protein-LOS complex contained relatively high levels of antibodies to both of these antigens. The serum from these animals also possessed bactericidal and opsonic activity against the homologous NTHI strain. These results indicate that systemic immunization can enhance the ability of experimental animals to clear NTHI from the lower respiratory tract and suggest that immunoprophylaxis of NTHI pulmonary disease may be feasible. PMID- 3257204 TI - Suppression of cytotoxic responses by a supernatant factor derived from Mycoplasma hyorhinis-infected mammalian cell lines. AB - A class of interleukin-2-dependent T-cell clones, isolated from a murine fetal thymus, was previously shown to suppress the induction of cytotoxic responses to alloantigens (H.-S. Teh, M. Ho, and W. R. McMaster, J. Immunol. 135:1582-1588, 1985). In that article, the immunosuppressive properties of these T-cell clones were shown to be a direct consequence of infection by Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Suppression of cytotoxic responses was mediated by both the mycoplasmas and a 200 kilodalton factor present in supernatants of infected cultures. This factor was sensitive to proteases but was resistant to heating to 60 degrees C for 1 h and to incubation on ice at pH 2 or pH 14 for 4 h. The production of suppressor factor in infected cultures was independent of the viability or the protein synthesis capability of the mammalian cells, suggesting that it was produced by M. hyorhinis. The factor was most suppressive when it was added during the early stages of the cytotoxic response. Its suppressive effects on cytotoxic responses were not reversed by the addition of an excess of recombinant interleukin-2. This factor also suppressed mitogenic responses to lipopolysaccharide. However, it is not a growth inhibitor since it did not affect the proliferation of tumor cell lines. A simple method for detecting M. hyorhinis in the infected T-cell clones and for eliminating it is described. PMID- 3257205 TI - Production of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) during infection: separate determinations of macrophage-, granulocyte-, granulocyte-macrophage-, and multi CSFs. AB - After infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes, elevated levels of colony stimulating factors (CSFs) in the serum were quantitated by six different assays: ability to stimulate colony formation, the proliferation of 2 suspension of bone marrow cells (both measuring total colony-stimulating activity), a radioimmunoassay for macrophage-CSF (CSF-1), the WEHI-3B differentiation assay for granulocyte-CSF, and proliferation of 32D-c1-3 and FDC-P1 cell lines (specific for multi-CSF and either multi- or granulocyte-macrophage-CSFs, respectively). The great bulk of serum colony-stimulating activity represented macrophage- and granulocyte-CSFs, with small but measurable amounts of granulocyte-macrophage-CSF. The degree of elevation of serum CSF depended on the infecting dose used and the numbers of bacteria growing in the spleens and livers of the two mouse strains compared, i.e., L. monocytogenes-resistant C57BL/10 and susceptible BALB/cJ. The increase in serum CSFs occurred before the peak in bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and before the reduction in bacterial numbers which follows the onset of specific cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 3257206 TI - Identification and properties of Trichomonas vaginalis proteins involved in cytadherence. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis NYH286 surface proteins which are candidates for mediating parasite cytadherence (adhesins) were identified. At least four trichomonad protein ligands ranging in relative molecular mass from 65 to less than or equal to 21 kilodaltons were found to selectively bind to chemically stabilized HeLa cells. The proteins were present on the surfaces of 10 different isolates of T. vaginalis examined; however, the nonpathogenic trichomonad T. tenax did not possess similar HeLa cell-binding proteins under identical experimental conditions, suggesting that these proteins are unique to the pathogenic human trichomonads. The surface nature of the candidate adhesins was confirmed by the ability of the proteins on intact, live organisms to be radioiodinated and to be removed with trypsin treatment. Rabbit antiserum (immunoglobulin G fraction) generated against adhesin proteins electroeluted from acrylamide preparations inhibited cytadherence compared with control immunoglobulin G. An adherence negative subpopulation of T. vaginalis NYH286 organisms was also isolated. These nonadherent trichomonads did not synthesize the adhesin proteins. Interestingly, absence of adhesins from these parasites paralleled expression of a major immunogen known to undergo phenotypic variation. Revertant organisms derived from the adherence-minus subpopulation synthesized the adhesins and attached to HeLa cells. The emergence of revertant adherent T. vaginalis organisms also corresponded with the appearance of parasites which were without the major immunogen on their surface. Finally, it was determined that only those parasites lacking the major surface immunogen were capable of adherence and toxicity to HeLa cells. PMID- 3257207 TI - Role of different normal hematopoietic regulatory proteins in the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. AB - There are 4 different normal myeloid hematopoietic cell growth-inducing proteins MGI-1 (CSF or IL-3) that induce normal precursor cells to multiply and form clones containing only macrophages (MGI-1M = M-CSF = CSF-1), only granulocytes (MGI-1G = G-CSF), both granulocytes and macrophages (MGI-1GM = GM-CSF), or granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells, megakaryocytes and erythroid cells (interleukin-3) (IL-3). There is another type of normal myeloid regulatory protein (MGI-2) with no MGI-1 (CSF or IL-3) activity which can induce differentiation of normal myeloid precursors and certain clones of myeloid leukemic cells. The present results with MGI-2 and pure recombinant MGI-1G, MGI 1GM and IL-3 have shown that different clones of myeloid leukemic cells can be induced to differentiate by different hematopoietic regulatory proteins. One type of leukemic clone is induced to differentiate to mature cells only by MGI-2 and is partially differentiated by MGI-1G, a second type is differentiated only by MGI-1GM or IL-3, and other workers have found a third type that is differentiated only by MGI-1G. The presence of surface receptors does not necessarily make leukemic cells differentiation-competent for these hematopoietic regulatory proteins. All 4 types of MGI-1 (CSF or IL-3) induce endogenous synthesis of MGI-2 in normal myeloid precursor cells. It is suggested that, in addition to their potential therapeutic effect on the development of normal hematopoietic cells, MGI-2, MGI-1G, MGI-1GM and IL-3 all have the potential for differentiation directed therapy of leukemia in leukemic cells that can be differentiated by one of these normal hematopoietic regulatory proteins. PMID- 3257208 TI - A quantitative scoring technique for panel tests of color vision. AB - Panel tests of color vision (eg FM100-Hue test) lack a common quantitative method for the scoring of cap arrangements. We describe a scoring method applicable to all panel tests that makes use of a novel technique to analyze test cap data, namely the calculation of a moment of inertia from the Color Difference Vectors (CDVs) of any arrangement pattern. Using the Farnsworth D-15 panel, as an example, we specify how to determine CDVs and demonstrate the benefits of calculating a moment of inertia for the analysis of these vectors. Moment of inertia analysis yields three factors which quantify cap arrangements: the first is the confusion angle which identifies the type of color defect; the second is the Confusion index (C-index) which quantifies the degree of color loss relative to a perfect arrangement of caps; and the third is the Selectivity index (S index) which quantifies the amount of polarity or lack of randomness in a cap arrangement. A retrospective study on the result of 53 normal and 66 congenitally color defective observers is reported and provides normative data. We show that the technique differentiates between different types of color defect and provides useful clinical information regarding a loss of color vision. Likewise, a similar observation is made on a smaller sample of FM100-Hue results. A BASIC computer program is provided for anyone wishing to use the technique. PMID- 3257209 TI - Construction, characterization, and complementation of a Puf- mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. AB - A Puf- strain of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (PUFB1) was constructed by deleting a portion of the proximal region of the puf operon and inserting a kanamycin resistance gene cartridge. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that in PUFB1, the defective copy of the puf operon had replaced, through homologous recombination, the normal chromosomal copy. The Puf- phenotype was characterized by the inability of PUFB1 to grow photoheterotrophically (PS-), the lack of detectable puf-specific transcripts, the absence of the light-harvesting I complex and, by inference, the reaction center spectral complex, and greatly reduced levels of the light-harvesting II complex. The PS+ phenotype was restored to PUFB1 when a 13-kilobase BamHI restriction endonuclease fragment containing the entire puf operon and flanking regions was cloned into the broad-host-range plasmid vector RK2 derivative pRK404 and introduced by conjugation into PUFB1. In these complemented strains, there was an increased number of copies of the puf operon (four to six copies per defective chromosomal copy) as the result of plasmid copy number. However, there was no concomitant increase in either the specific bacteriochlorophyll content or the level of puf-specific transcripts when these strains were grown photoheterotrophically. PMID- 3257210 TI - cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) as a selective modifier of the oxidation sensitive reactive-center methionine in alpha 1-antitrypsin. AB - Methionine 358 in the plasma protein alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) is an oxidation-sensitive reactive-center residue critical for proteinase-inhibitory activity. Reaction of alpha 1AT with 20 microM to 1.67 mM cis dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-DDP) or trans-DDP afforded concentration dependent loss of trypsin-inhibitory activity. This effect, studied by gel electrophoresis and activity assays, is essentially independent of pH over the range 4.9-8.6. Binding assays showed covalent incorporation of 1 mol of cis-DDP into each mol of alpha 1AT. cis-DDP protected a single methionine residue from oxidation and made alpha 1AT resistant to degradation by papain, which cleaves alpha 1AT at Met358. These findings strongly suggest that cis-DDP inactivates alpha 1AT by binding exclusively to its reactive-center methionine. alpha 1AT bound twice as much platinum when reacted with trans-DDP. Because carboxamidomethylated alpha 1AT incorporated nearly 1 mol of both cis- and trans DDP, the trans isomer apparently binds to both the reactive-center methionine and to the single cysteine residue of alpha 1AT. Because of its greater selectivity, cis-DDP is the superior reagent for modification of the alpha 1AT reactive-center methionine. PMID- 3257211 TI - Differential regulation of the coexpressed calcitonin/alpha-CGRP and beta-CGRP neuroendocrine genes. AB - The rat calcitonin/alpha-CGRP and beta-CGRP genes are members of a neuroendocrine gene family that are coexpressed in a distinct cell-specific pattern. The alpha- and beta-CGRP gene sequences predict highly related peptides that differ by only a single amino acid. Using rat medullary thyroid carcinoma cells as an in vitro system for testing hormone responsiveness, we have shown that the calcitonin/alpha-CGRP and beta-CGRP genes are differentially regulated. The synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, caused a 2- to 5-fold increase in calcitonin and alpha-CGRP mRNAs due to an increase in the nuclear transcription rate. In contrast, the levels of beta-CGRP mRNA did not significantly change following dexamethasone treatment. Differential regulation within neuroendocrine gene families might be a common mechanism for generating functionally similar peptides in response to a variety of hormonal signals. PMID- 3257212 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates the synthesis of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein by osteosarcoma cells. Mutually exclusive expression of vitamin K dependent bone proteins by clonal osteoblastic cell lines. AB - Several clonal rat osteosarcoma cell lines were tested for the ability to express and secrete matrix Gla protein (MGP), a small vitamin K-dependent protein found in bone and cartilage. Two independently derived cell lines, UMR 106-01 and ROS 25/1, expressed MGP mRNA and secreted MGP antigen identical in size with that found in bone. No MGP message could be detected in ROS 17/2 and 2/3 cells, cell lines previously shown to synthesize the other known vitamin K-dependent bone protein, bone Gla protein (BGP), and no BGP mRNA could be detected in the cell lines which synthesize MGP. Since UMR 106-01 and ROS 17/2 are presently the best characterized clonal osteoblastic cell lines, the discovery of the mutually exclusive expression of MGP and BGP by these cell lines indicates that osteosarcoma cells can be fixed in different phenotypic states and that MGP and BGP should be useful markers for the analysis of phenotypic expression in bone. Treatment of UMR 106-01 cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) dramatically increased MGP mRNA within 4 h and, by 24 h, increased MGP secretion 15-fold. This is only the second example of a bone matrix protein whose synthesis is dramatically increased by vitamin D, the first being the 6-fold stimulation of BGP synthesis by 1,25(OH)2D3 in ROS 17/2 cells. The discovery that MGP and BGP are similarily regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 was unexpected since the two proteins differ markedly in structure, physical properties, and tissue distribution. Since the synthesis of MGP is rapidly and dramatically increased by 1,25(OH)2D3, it is probable that MGP plays a role in the normal bone response to the hormone. MGP may also be the vitamin K-dependent protein whose abnormal synthesis in the Warfarin-treated animal modifies the bone response to 1,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 3257213 TI - Cross-linking between translationally equivalent sites on the two heads of myosin. Relationship to energy transfer results between the same pair of sites. AB - Mercenaria myosin and scallop pure hybrid myosin possessing Mercenaria regulatory light chains were reacted with various concentrations of 4-4' dimaleimidylstilbene-2-2'-disulfonic acid (DMSDS). Regulatory light chain homodimers are formed with great efficiency (20-50%). Dimers incorporating essential light chains were not formed upon reaction of DMSDS with Mercenaria myosin but some (less than 5%) essential light chain homodimers were obtained in the case of scallop hybrid myosin, probably occurring through relatively specific intermolecular associations within small myosin aggregates. Results were invariant, irrespective of the presence or absence of calcium and/or ATP. No radioactivity is incorporated into regulatory light chain homodimers upon post labeling DMSDS-reacted myosin with 14C-labeled N-ethylmaleimide, irrespective of the original labeling ratio of DMSDS to myosin heads. This indicates the absence of free sulfhydryl groups in the regulatory light chain homodimer and suggests, therefore, that DMSDS links the two light chains together between translationally equivalent residues (Cys-50 of the Mercenaria regulatory light chain). These results imply that translationally equivalent sites on the two heads of myosin can come within 18 A of each other, the span of reacted DMSDS. Because energy transfer results between identical pairs of translationally equivalent sites on hybrid myosins indicated a low efficiency of energy transfer between these sites (Chantler, P.D., and Tao, T. (1986) J. Mol. Biol. 192, 87-99), it would appear that even though the two cysteines can come within 18 A of each other, their mean separation is much greater than this distance (greater than 50 A), a result consistent with a considerable flexibility of the two myosin heads with respect to each other. PMID- 3257214 TI - The role of the diphtheria toxin receptor in cytosol translocation. AB - The role of the receptor in the transport of diphtheria toxin (DT) to the cytosol was examined. A point-mutant form of DT, CRM 107 (CRM represents cross-reacting material), that has an 8,000-fold lower affinity for the DT receptor than native toxin was conjugated to transferrin and monoclonal antibodies specific for the cell-surface receptors T3 and Thy1. Conjugating the binding site-inactivated CRM 107 to new binding moieties reconstituted full toxicity, indistinguishable from native DT linked to the same ligand, indicating that the entry activity of the DT B chain can be fully separated from the receptor binding function. Like DT, the toxin conjugates exhibited a dose-dependent lag period before first-order inactivation of protein synthesis. Inactivation of the binding site of the toxin portion of the conjugate was found to have no effect on the kinetics of protein synthesis inactivation. The receptor used by the toxin determined the length of the lag period relative to the killing rate. Comparing the potency of CRM 107 conjugates with native DT, standardized for receptor occupancy, shows that new receptors can be as or more efficient than the DT receptor in transporting DT to the cytosol. The transferrin-CRM 107 conjugate, unlike native DT, was highly toxic to murine cells. All the data presented are consistent with a model that the DT receptor, other than initiating rapid internalization of the toxin to low pH compartments, is unnecessary for transport of the toxin to the cytosol and that membrane translocation activity is expressed by the DT B subunit independent of the receptor-binding site. PMID- 3257215 TI - Surface amino acids as sites of temperature-sensitive folding mutations in the P22 tailspike protein. AB - Temperature-sensitive folding (tsf) mutations in the gene for the thermostable P22 tailspike interfere with the polypeptide chain folding and association pathway at restrictive temperature without altering the thermostability of the protein once correctly folded and assembled at permissive temperature. Though the native proteins matured at permissive temperature are biologically active, many of them display alterations in electrophoretic mobility. The native forms of 15 of these tsf mutant proteins have been purified and characterized. The purified proteins differed in electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric point from wild type but did not show evidence of major conformational alterations. The results suggest that the electrophoretic variations conferred by the 15 tsf amino acid substitutions are due to changes in the net charge at solvent-accessible sites in the native form of the mutant protein. During the maturation of the chains at restrictive temperature, these sites influence the conformation of intermediates in chain folding and association. The amino acid sequences at these sites resemble those found at turns in polypeptide chains. The isolation of tsf mutations requires that the mature structure of the tailspike accommodates the mutant amino acid substitution without loss of function. The solvent-accessible sites are probably at the surface of this structural protein. This would explain how bulky mutant substitutions, such as arginines for glycines, are accommodated in the native tailspike structure. Such sites, stabilizing intermediates in the folding pathway and located on the surface of the mature protein, probably represent a general class of conformational substrates for tsf mutations. PMID- 3257216 TI - Epidermal growth factor in urine of nonpregnant women and pregnant women throughout pregnancy and at delivery. AB - Human epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations were measured by a specific solid phase RIA in random urine samples collected throughout the menstrual cycle of normal menstruating women (n = 8), women with tubal sterilization (n = 6), women taking a low dose oral contraceptive (n = 5), and women throughout pregnancy (n = 52) and delivery (n = 35). There were no differences in EGF concentrations between the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle (P greater than 0.05). Normal menstruating women had higher urinary EGF concentrations [mean +/- SE, 37.2 +/- 6.0 micrograms/g creatinine (4.23 +/- 0.68 ng/mumol)] than women with tubal sterilization [32.7 +/- 4.0 (3.71 +/- 0.45)] or women taking a low dose oral contraceptive [19.5 +/- 6.0 (2.21 +/- 0.68)], but the differences were not significant (P greater than 0.05). During pregnancy, urinary EGF concentrations increased linearly from 6-20 weeks gestation (r = 0.76; P less than 0.001), then declined toward term (r = -0.71; P less than 0.001). EGF concentrations in early pregnancy (less than 12 weeks) or at term did not differ significantly from those in normal menstruating women (P greater than 0.05). For women delivering normal, appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants, there was no correlation between urinary EGF concentrations and fetal weight or sex (P greater than 0.05). Urinary EGF concentrations in women delivering normal AGA infants [52.7 +/- 2.5 (5.98 +/- 0.28); n = 16] did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) from those in women with class A/B diabetes [41.9 +/- 2.8 (4.76 +/- 0.31); n = 6] or women delivering twins [45.6 +/ 2.6 (5.18 +/- 0.29); n = 8] with a greater fetoplacental mass. However, women delivering an intrauterine growth-retarded fetus with decreased fetoplacental mass had lower urinary EGF concentrations (24.9 +/- 2.2 (2.83 +/- 0.25); n = 5] than women with normal AGA infants (P less than 0.01). The significance of the rise in the urinary EGF concentration late in the second trimester and lower urinary EGF concentrations in women delivering intrauterine growth-retarded infants is not known, but may reflect an important physiological role for EGF in fetal-maternal hormonal interaction and development. PMID- 3257217 TI - Neuroendocrine cells in intestinal lamina propria. Detection with antibodies to chromogranin A. AB - This study details immunohistochemical experiments showing the location of chromogranin A-containing cells within the lamina propria of rat and human gut. The presence of this marker confirms the presence of neuroendocrine type cells in the lamina propria. PMID- 3257218 TI - Treatment of clinical experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat using fragments and combinations of monoclonal antibodies. AB - We reported previously that two different anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (W3/25, MRC OX35) were effective in treating experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat whereas anti-I-A antibody was ineffective. Further studies with other monoclonal antibodies and fragments have now been performed. Anti-I-E antibody was ineffective in shortening the disease duration even when used in combination with anti-I-A antibody. Anti-CD2 (T11) antibody was marginally effective, shortening the duration of disease by only one day on the average. Combination of anti-CD4 antibody with anti-CD2 antibody did not improve the recovery time over the use of anti-CD4 antibody alone. On the other hand, the F (ab')2 fragment of the anti-CD4 antibody was as effective in the treatment of disease as the intact antibody molecule, indicating that it was sufficient to block the CD4 molecules on the cell surface of the EAE effector cells in order to affect the disease course. PMID- 3257219 TI - Dexamethasone inhibition of interleukin 1 beta production by human monocytes. Posttranscriptional mechanisms. AB - Dexamethasone is known to have an inhibitory effect on IL-1 production. To determine the mechanism(s) of this inhibition, adherent human blood monocytes were stimulated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 micrograms/ml) in the presence of dexamethasone. Nuclear transcription run-off assays showed that LPS induced IL-1 beta gene transcription two- to fourfold and that this induction was unaffected by dexamethasone exposure (10(-5) M). The lack of dexamethasone's transcriptional effects was further supported by the absence of any significant change in IL-1 beta mRNA accumulation between LPS-stimulated monocytes exposed or unexposed to dexamethasone, as determined by Northern blot analysis. Posttranscriptionally, dexamethasone was found to have multiple effects: slight prolongation of IL-1 beta mRNA half-life, moderate inhibition of translation of the IL-1 beta precursor, and profound inhibition of the release of IL-1 beta into the extracellular fluid. The data indicate that IL-1 beta is first translated as the 33,000-D pro-IL-1 beta protein, the predominant intracellular form, and the processed to a 17,500-D IL-1 beta protein before or during extracellular transport. The major inhibitory effects of dexamethasone appear to be directed at the translational and posttranslational steps involved in these events. PMID- 3257221 TI - High [18F]FDG uptake in primary cerebral lymphoma: a PET study. AB - Two cases of primary intracranial malignant lymphoma with high uptake of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose [( 18F]FDG) are reported. Malignant lymphomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brain tumors with high [18F]FDG uptake in positron emission tomography studies. PMID- 3257222 TI - Histiocytosis X of the temporal bone: CT findings. AB - The preoperative diagnosis of temporal bone histiocytosis X has been based traditionally on clinical examination, plain radiography, and pluridirectional tomography. Clinical misdiagnosis is common because otologic findings can mimic those of acute and chronic infectious ear disease. Similarly, plain radiographic and tomographic findings may be confused with those of mastoiditis, cholesteatoma, and temporal bone metastasis. The three cases of histiocytosis X presented here illustrate the advantages of CT compared with traditional radiographic methods in the diagnosis and staging of this disease. Computed tomography clearly delineates osseous involvement, including erosion of the bony labyrinth. Computed tomography also better defines the soft tissue margins of the granulomatous mass in relationship to the central nervous system and extratemporal tissues. PMID- 3257220 TI - Phorbol ester restores L-system amino acid transport of B lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - L (leucine-favoring)-system amino acid transport is uniquely and selectively diminished in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B lymphocytes: the maximal velocity of transport is 10% of normal B lymphocytes. We examined L-system transport in chronic leukemic B lymphocytes after incubation with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate to determine if the transport abnormality can be corrected by the apparent cell maturation induced by this agent. Amino acid uptake was measured using 2-amino-2-carboxy-bicycloheptane, an L-system specific synthetic amino acid. Marked enhancement of L-system transport occurred in each of 12 leukemic cell populations; the initial velocity of transport in phorbol ester-treated cells increased 8-fold and 14-fold at 16 and 40 h, respectively, compared with untreated cells. The Vmax of the L-system in phorbol ester-treated leukemic cells was similar to that of phorbol ester-treated normal B lymphocytes. The L-system enhancement of the leukemic cells paralleled the development of plasmacytoid features at 40 h. Uptake of leucine, a naturally occurring L-system amino acid, was also increased by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate. Cycloheximide, 100 micrograms/ml, which inhibited over 90% of protein synthesis in phorbol ester treated chronic leukemic cells, blocked completely the phorbol ester-induced L system enhancement. Phorbol ester treatment restores the selective L-system transport defect in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B lymphocytes, and this process coincides with in vitro maturation of the leukemic cells. PMID- 3257224 TI - Characterization and differentiation of CD4-, CD8- thymocytes sorted with the Ly 24 marker. AB - Heterogeneity within the CD4-, CD8- thymocyte population was explored by flow microfluorometry on thymocytes from 6-wk-old female C57BL/6 mice. Double negative cells were obtained by twice killing thymocytes with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 antibodies. The resultant population lacked CD4, CD8, and Ig on cell surfaces; it contained cells bearing Ly-24 (27%), Ly-6C (6%), and Ly-5 (B220) detected by 6B2 (6%). These markers are the same as those characteristic of lpr/lpr T cells; they also are found on bone marrow cells. In order to investigate the maturational pathway of CD4-, CD8- thymocytes, such cells were cultured in vitro for 6 days with phorbol myristate acetate + calcium ionophore. There was a marked increase in cells bearing Ly-24 with time; by 6 days essentially all bore Ly-24. A lesser increase (to 15%) in 6B2 + Thy-1 positive cells was observed. Small numbers of cells bearing CD4 and/or CD8 also were found after 6 days in vitro. In additional studies, CD4-, CD8- cells were first sorted with respect to Ly-24 and then cultured with phorbol myristate acetate + calcium ionophore. Ly-24+ cells proliferated vigorously and formed clusters whereas Ly-24- cells did not. The former gave rise to large numbers of CD4+, CD8+ cells; the latter exhibited little differentiation. These studies demonstrate substantial heterogeneity within the CD4-, CD8- thymocyte population. Use of the markers Ly-24, Ly6C, and 6B2 allows a subdivision of such progenitor thymocytes. Different stages of maturation as well as possible lineages of cells may be investigated by combining such hemopoietic cell surface markers with in vitro culture. PMID- 3257223 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide in human fetal lung and in neonatal lung disease. AB - The ontogeny of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity (CGRP-IR) was evaluated immunohistochemically in 67 human fetal or newborn lungs previously analyzed for calcitonin immunoreactivity (CT-IR). CGRP-IR was present by 10 weeks of gestation in rare, solitary neuroendocrine (NE) cells of developing conducting airways in two of eight first-trimester lungs. During the second trimester, cells with CGRP-IR were found consistently (21/23 fetuses). However, the numbers of positively staining cells did not appear to increase in these fetuses or in third trimester infants dying of non-pulmonary causes. The highest concentrations of CGRP-IR cells were seen in lungs of premature infants with advancing chronic lung disease associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). CGRP-IR was seen earlier in gestation and in greater numbers of NE cells than was calcitonin immunoreactivity (CT-IR) reported previously in these same fetal lungs (Lab Invest 52:52, 1985). Its presence paralleled that of CT-IR in postnatal chronic lung disease. PMID- 3257225 TI - A B cell-restricted activation antigen (B8.7) functionally related to the low molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor. AB - A novel monoclonal antibody (anti-B8.7) is reported which recognizes an epitope expressed either on in vitro activated B cells or on a fraction of fresh large B cells (putatively in vivo preactivated). B8.7 antigen is also present on two out of eight B cell lines tested and is characterized as a membrane component displaying an approximate molecular weight of 55,000 to 60,000. By contrast, B8.7 is absent from resting B cells, monocytes, resting or activated T cells, and from the eight non-B cell lines tested. After in vitro activation, B8.7 antigen appears later than the transferrin receptor and its expression increases until day 3. The anti-B8.7 monoclonal antibody induces a dose-related inhibition of the low molecular weight B cell growth factor-dependent proliferation of activated B cells, whereas it does not affect their response to interleukin 2. This strongly suggests that the B8.7 epitope is present on a molecule selectively involved in the interaction between B cells and a B cell growth factor. PMID- 3257226 TI - The contribution of constant region domains to the binding of murine IgM to Fc mu receptors on T cells. AB - IgM hybridoma constant region domain deletional mutants were used to investigate the domain requirements for binding of murine IgM to Fc mu receptors (Fc mu R) on normal murine T lymphocytes. Parental Sp 6:18 (mu, kappa; anti-trinitrophenyl) and its mutant proteins or their trinitrophenyl-antigen immune complexes were tested for their ability to inhibit the binding of pentameric IgM to Fc mu R on T lymphocytes. Inhibition was observed with ligands containing multiple copies of the third constant region domain. Inhibition did not occur with ligands missing the third constant region domain. In addition, a battery of rat monoclonal antibodies specific for individual murine IgM constant region domains was tested for the ability to inhibit the binding of pentameric murine IgM to Fc mu R on normal murine T lymphocytes. Total inhibition was observed with the antibodies directed to different epitopes located in C mu 3, but significant inhibition was not observed with antibodies directed to C mu 1, C mu 2, or C mu 4. Studies with domain deletional mutants and anti-domain antibodies have independently provided strong evidence that the C mu 3 domain plays a major role in the binding of IgM to Fc mu R on T lymphocytes and that C mu 1, C mu 2, and C mu 4 are not essential for binding. These studies have also provided evidence that valency and avidity influence the binding of IgM to T lymphocytes that express Fc mu R. PMID- 3257227 TI - Ligand-induced association of surface immunoglobulin with the detergent insoluble cytoskeleton may involve alpha-actinin. AB - B cell surface immunoglobulin (SIg) plays an important role in antigen recognition and cellular activation. Cross-linking of SIg by bivalent antibody converts it into a detergent insoluble state. The resultant SIg may be partially solubilized by incubating the detergent insoluble cytoskeleton in buffers that convert F actin to G actin. Immunoprecipitation of SIg from the detergent soluble fraction of [35S]methionine-labeled B cells results in the co-isolation of 112 kDa, 42 kDa, (actin), and three additional proteins in the 70- to 73-kDa molecular mass range, isoelectric point 4.8 to 5.6. Analysis of anti-Ig immunoprecipitates made after preclearing with anti-alpha-actinin showed complete depletion of the 112-kDa protein, suggesting that the 112-kDa protein is immunologically related to alpha-actinin. These immunoprecipitates also showed partial depletion of 70- to 73-kDa proteins and mu and delta heavy chains. After treatment of a rat B cells with anti-Ig, much of the Ig-associated 112-kDa protein and 70- to 73-kDa proteins became detergent insoluble, concomitant with most of the SIg. The migration of the SIg-associated 112-kDa and 70- to 73-kDa proteins from the detergent soluble fraction to the detergent insoluble fraction after ligand treatment, suggests that these proteins might be involved in linking SIg to the underlying cytoskeleton and could be involved in the transmission of mitogenic signals. PMID- 3257228 TI - Calcium-dependent intracellular acidification dominates the pH response to mitogen in human T cells. AB - The effects of a phorol ester and a mitogenic lectin on the intracellular pH (pHi) of human T lymphocytes was investigated. In contrast to the cytoplasmic alkalinization induced by 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, an acidification was recorded in cells treated with phytohemagglutinin. This decrease in pHi was magnified in Na+-free medium or in the presence of amiloride analogues, suggesting that activation of Na+/H+ exchange partially counteracts the phytohemagglutinin-induced acidification. The decrease in pHi was dependent on a sustained increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ and could be mimicked by addition of the divalent cation ionophore, ionomycin. The elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ leads to metabolic H+ (equivalent) generation with consequent cytoplasmic acidification, which in human T cells predominates over the concurrent activation of the Na+/H+ antiport. These findings argue against the notion that activation of Na+/H+ exchange is a signal for the initiation of proliferation. PMID- 3257229 TI - Class II antigen-specific murine cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). II. Genuine class II specificity of Lyt-2+ CTL clones. AB - Class II-specific allogeneic cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) consist of two types of cells, i.e., Lyt-2+L3T4- and Lyt-2-L3T4 T cells. The Lyt-2+L3T4- class II specific CTL population constitutes a conspicuous exception to the general correlation observed between the class of major histocompatibility complex antigen recognized and the type of accessory molecules expressed by T cells. In order to examine the specificity of such an exceptional T cell population, CTL clones were established by limiting dilution of a bulk CTL line developed in an I region incompatible combination of mouse strains, B10.QBR anti-B10.MBR. These CTL lines showed single genetic specificity indicating their clonal nature with respect to CTL activities. Lyt-2+L3T4- (2+4-), Lyt-2-L3T4+ (2-4+) and Lyt-2-L3T4- (2-4-) clones were obtained. Among many CTL clones showing a spectrum of genetic specificities, 2+4- and 2-4+ clones with apparent I-Ak-specificity, were studied further and four lines of evidence confirmed their class II specificity: 1) genes encoding the target antigen for these CTL clones were mapped within the I-A subregion by simple genetics; 2) an I-Ak-specific monoclonal antibody readily blocked specific cytolysis by these clones; 3) the clones failed to react with cells expressing mutated I-Ak antigens; and 4) a B cell tumor transfected with alpha- and beta-chain genes of I-Ak was specifically lysed by these CTL clones. These data therefore establish the existence of Lyt-2+ CTL with genuine class II specificity. All 2-4+ CTL were sensitive to the blocking effect of an antibody to L3T4, whereas none of the 2+4- class II-specific CTL were sensitive to blocking by an anti-Lyt-2 antibody, indicating that class II-specific CTL with "wrong phenotype" is not dependent on the function of the accessory molecule. Besides true class II-specific CTL clones, 2+4- clones with a spectrum of genetic specificities were obtained, including clones recognizing a combination of an I Ak product and the Kb molecule. Two 2-4- clones were also specific for the combination of Kb + I-Ak. These clones most likely recognize an allogeneic class II antigen in the context of a class I antigen and therefore would more appropriately be included in the class I-restricted T cell population. PMID- 3257230 TI - cDNA cloning of granzyme C, a granule-associated serine protease of cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - A cDNA clone corresponding to the complete amino acid sequence of a putative protease CCP2 of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes was isolated and sequenced. The clone encodes a 248-residue long serine esterase. The deduced N-terminal amino acid sequence is identical over 40 residues to that of granzyme C, a protease of unknown function present in granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Analysis of the sequence of granzyme C/CCP2 reveals high homology to other granzyme proteases, i.e. granzyme A (40%) and granzyme B (67%) and to rat mast cell protease II (46%). The amino acids lining the specificity pocket are well conserved between granzyme B, C, and rat mast cell protease II, but not granzyme A, suggesting a similar general specificity of these three proteases. PMID- 3257231 TI - Monoclonal anti-idiotopic antibodies against myasthenia-inducing anti acetylcholine receptor monoclonal antibodies. Preponderance of nonparatope directed antibodies affecting antigen binding. AB - To analyze components of the idiotypic network in experimental autoimmune disease, we produced 17 isogeneic anti-idiotopic monoclonal antibodies (anti-Id) against two experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis-producing anti acetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) monoclonal antibodies. We studied the binding of five of the anti-Id to the anti-AChR monoclonal antibodies bearing the complementary idiotopes (Id-mAb). They bound with Kd values ranging from 0.06 to 0.86 nM, values comparable to those of Id-mAb:AChR complexes (0.26 and 0.34 nM). All of the anti-Id tested moderately inhibited the binding of AChR to Id-mAb, whereas for each anti-Id, AChR either strongly inhibited anti-Id binding or had no effect on anti-Id binding. Hence, the inhibition of Id-mAb:AChR binding by anti-Id was not reciprocal with the inhibition of anti-Id:Id-mAb binding by AChR. For each anti-Id, the relative affinities of anti-Id and AChR for Id-mAb together with the lack of symmetry of inhibition by anti-Id compared to inhibition by AChR indicate that these two "ligands" are not competitive inhibitors. Consequently, anti-Id and AChR do not bind to overlapping sites on the Id-mAb, suggesting that the observed inhibition is mediated allosterically. This may be a common mechanism of anti-Id:Id binding, which would have important implications for the mechanism of anti-Id-induced suppression. PMID- 3257232 TI - Synergism among interleukin 1, interleukin 3, and interleukin 5 in the production of eosinophils from primitive hemopoietic stem cells. AB - The in vitro production of eosinophils from committed progenitor cells is influenced by interleukin (IL)-5 (eosinophil differentiation factor) and to a lesser extent by IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM CSF). In primary suspension cultures of marrow cells taken from eosinophilic mice, IL-3 induced a modest stimulation of eosinophil production compared to IL 5. In contrast, IL-3 was sevenfold more effective than IL-5 in generating eosinophil progenitors (eosinophil colony-forming units (CFU-eo] from more primitive precursors present in the marrow of normal mice. Pre-incubation of marrow cells in suspension culture with IL-3, but not IL-5, increased the recovery of myeloid precursors responsive to G-CSF, GM-CSF, CSF-1, or IL-3 two- to fourfold while eosinophil progenitor cells responsive to IL-5 were increased by more than 70-fold. Similarly, pre-incubation of bone marrow cells under clonal conditions with IL-3, but not IL-5, resulted in a more than 50 fold increase in CFU-eo responsive to IL-5 over input values. Bone marrow from mice pre-treated with 5-fluorouracil is greatly depleted of progenitor cells directly responsive to IL-3 or IL-5. IL-1 which synergistically interacts with various CSF species to confer a clonogenic response by primitive stem cells present in 5-fluorouracil treated marrow also failed to stimulate eosinophil production. A marked synergism was observed when IL-1 and IL-3 were combined in the suspension pre-culture phase with a more than sixfold recovery of CFU-eo than induced by either factor alone. Furthermore, pre-culture of 5-fluorouracil-treated marrow cells with a combination of IL-1 and IL-3 resulted in a more than 260-fold increase of CFU-eo over input numbers. These data suggest that the concatenate action of IL-1, IL-3, and IL-5 is an absolute requirement for the in vitro generation of eosinophils from primitive hemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 3257233 TI - A novel in vivo follicular dendritic cell-dependent iccosome-mediated mechanism for delivery of antigen to antigen-processing cells. AB - Recent scanning electron microscopic studies on isolated follicular dendritic cells (FDC) showed that dendrites of certain FDC were "beaded," i.e., consisting of a series of interconnected immune complex coated bodies (termed "iccosomes," measuring 0.3 to 0.7 micron diameter). In vitro these iccosomes detach from one another with ease. The major objectives herein were to establish whether these structures can be detected in sections and whether iccosomes serve to disseminate antigen in vivo. Beginning at day 1, the time point used for isolating beaded FDC, the popliteal lymph nodes of immune C3H mice were studied with light and transmission electron microscopy for 2 wk (i.e., at days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 14) after hind footpad injection of the histochemically detectable antigen, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Iccosomes (0.25 to 0.38 micron diameter), contoured by a peroxidase (PO)-positive coat of HRP-anti-HRP complexes, were first detected by transmission electron microscopy at day 1 adjacent to cell bodies of certain FDC. Within their limiting membrane they contained flocculent material that was PO positive. At day 3 by light microscopy, germinal centers were seen enlarged and the antigen-retaining reticulum, composed of antigen-bearing FDC, appeared diffuse. This coincided with the transmission electron microscopic visualization of a dispersed state of iccosomes among the follicular lymphocytes. At that time iccosomes were seen attached to the surface of lymphocytes via PO-positive immune complexes and were surrounded by microvillous processes of these cells. Germinal center lymphocytes and tingible body macrophages both responded to contact with iccosomes by endocytosis. Antigen-containing tingible body macrophage were most conspicuous by light microscopy at day 5, when transmission electron microscopy showed that the majority of germinal center lymphocytes contained endocytosed HRP in secondary lysosome-like granules associated with the Golgi apparatus. The number of dispersed iccosomes was markedly reduced by day 5. In controls injected with HSA, a PO-negative antigen, lymphocytes and tingible body macrophages were PO-negative. The presence of antigen in both cell types was confirmed through the use of a gold-conjugated antigen (goat IgG). Simultaneous immunoperoxidase labeling of the same tissues with anti-Ia showed the gold conjugate containing B cells to be Ia+. Antigen-positive B cells and tingible body macrophages were greatly reduced in numbers by day 14, suggesting the intracellular fragmentation of the antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3257234 TI - In vivo obtained antigen presented by germinal center B cells to T cells in vitro. AB - Shortly after secondary immunization germinal center (GC) B cells obtain antigen from follicular dendritic cells (FDC) in the form of immune complexes. This antigen appears to be degraded by the GC B cells and may be processed for presentation to T cells. The present study was undertaken to determine whether GC B cells can process and present antigen obtained from FDC in vivo to appropriate T cells in vitro. GC B cells were isolated from immune mice with the use of Percoll density separation followed by a panning procedure which utilizes the ability of the plant lectin, peanut agglutinin (PNA), to selectively bind to GC B cells. The enriched GC B cells were approximately 80% highly positive for PNA, 97% positive for Ia and surface IgM, but less than 0.01% positive for Thy-1.2 or esterase. In some experiments, this population was further purified to near 100% highly PNA-positive cells with the use of fluoresceinated PNA and a fluorescence activated cell sorter. Cell sorting analysis indicated that the antigen (125I labeled ovalbumin (OVA)) was restricted to the highly PNA-positive cell fraction. The capacity of these highly PNA-positive B cells to present antigen was assessed by monitoring interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by the OVA-specific T cell hybridoma, 3DO-54.8. GC B cells obtained from mice 3 wk or more after secondary immunization did not elicit IL-2 production in the absence of added OVA. However, GC B cells isolated as early as 1 day and for over 1 wk after a challenge with OVA, were able to stimulate high levels of IL-2 production, in the absence of adding OVA to the cell cultures. This response was maximal on day 5 and corresponded precisely with the kinetics of the ultrastructural studies which document the uptake of antigen by GC B cells in vivo. The FDC-derived antigen was remarkably immunogenic when compared with exogenous antigen. These findings demonstrated that antigen obtained in vivo by GC B cells could be processed and presented to T cells. In vivo, GC B cells may induce the T cell help needed for the germinal center reaction, generate B memory cells, and help induce the high titers of antibody associated with the secondary antibody response. PMID- 3257235 TI - Antagonistic effects of calcium ionophores and phorbol esters on T cell receptor mRNA levels in human thymocytes. AB - Levels of mRNA of the T cell antigen receptors (TcR) in human thymocytes are differentially regulated in response to distinct intracellular signals. Activation of protein kinase C by the phorbol ester, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate or other phorbol esters increases the levels of the alpha and beta T cell receptor (TcR-alpha, TcR-beta) mRNA, whereas an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+, induced by ionomycin or other Ca2+ ionophores, results in a decrease of alpha and beta TcR mRNA levels. In contrast, ionomycin increases the expression TcR-gamma mRNA whereas tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate prevents this induction. Our results suggest the existence of two opposing intracellular pathways that control expression of TcR-alpha and TcR-beta mRNA levels, on the one hand and TcR-gamma mRNA, on the other. These results provide the first evidence for antagonistic actions of protein kinase C and cytosolic-free Ca2+ on gene expression. PMID- 3257236 TI - Activation properties of T cell receptor-gamma delta hybridomas expressing diversity in both gamma- and delta-chains. AB - To elucidate the structure, diversity, and activation properties of the murine T3 associated gamma delta-receptor, examination was made of the gamma delta and T3 components, T cell receptor (TCR) gene transcription, activation properties, and lymphokine production in a panel of four cloned T cell hybridomas expressing a TCR-gamma delta. Biochemical analysis of the gamma and delta proteins expressed on these hybridomas reveals new gamma and delta species not observed in whole populations of dLy-1 Lyt-2-L3T4-thymocytes from which these hybridomas were derived. Thus, analysis of expression of the TCR-gamma delta complex at the clonal level indicates that both gamma and delta appear to be expressed as multiple distinct gene products within a homozygous inbred mouse strain. Northern blot analysis reveals that, whereas all gamma delta hybridomas had mature 1.5-kb TCR-alpha-chain and mature TCR-gamma-chain transcripts, none had mature 1.3-kb TCR-beta-chain transcripts, thus indicating that the type of TCR heterodimer expressed reflects of the state of TCR gene transcription in these hybridomas. Our results also reveal striking similarities between TCR-gamma delta and TCR alpha beta cells with respect to their activation properties. First, all five of the T3 components associated with the gamma delta-complex are of the same size and have the same glycosylation patterns as those associated with alpha beta heterodimers. Second, induction of function in these gamma delta cells (assayed by lymphokine production) can be achieved with a variety of stimuli known to elicit activation signals in alpha beta cells as well: direct receptor-engagement (i.e., through anti-Thy-1), and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-plus-ionomycin mediated. Collectively, these findings suggest that gamma delta T cells express a receptor of at least limited diversity and use T3-mediated activation pathways very similar to those employed by TCR-alpha beta-bearing T cells. PMID- 3257237 TI - Immunomodulating properties of a novel series of protein kinase C activators. The bryostatins. AB - Low concentrations of the protein kinase C activators, bryostatins 1 and 2 synergized with recombinant B cell stimulatory factor-1 in triggering differentiation (granule enzyme expression) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) development in naive, resting lymph node T cells. Bryostatin greatly enhances efficiency of recombinant interleukin-2 in triggering development of in vivo primed CTL during in vitro incubation, thereby providing experimental evidence for the efficacious use of lower concentrations of recombinant interleukin-2 for in vivo tumor rejection studies. Both bryostatins 1 and 2 were able to trigger cytotoxicity of CTL clones against antigen-nonbearing target cells and inhibited CTL cytotoxicity against Ag-specific target cells. Bryostatin 1 and 2 synergize with Ca2+ ionophores in triggering the exocytosis of cytolytic granules from CTL at very low concentrations. In view of the lack of tumor promoting activity of the bryostatins, the possible use of these agents in vivo is discussed. PMID- 3257239 TI - Up-regulation of interleukin 4 receptor expression on immature (Lyt-2-/L3T4-) thymocytes. AB - In this report, the effect of interleukin 4 (IL-4) on the growth and differentiation of Lyt-2-/L3T4-(2-4-) thymocytes was investigated. It was found that these thymocytes proliferated extensively when cultured in the presence of IL-4 + phorbol myristate acetate without apparent differentiation to Lyt-2+ or L3T4+ cells. We also demonstrated that 2-4- thymocytes constitutively express a high affinity (dissociation constant of 20 to 40 pM) receptor for IL-4. Freshly isolated 2-4- thymocytes expressed on average about 100 IL-4 receptors per cell, but the number of receptors increased approximately 8-fold within 3 days after activation by IL-4 + phorbol myristate acetate. These findings suggest that IL-4 may play an important role in T cell ontogeny by promoting self-renewal of stem cells within the thymus. PMID- 3257238 TI - Spontaneous expression of antibodies to DNA of various species origin in sera of normal subjects and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - To investigate mechanisms for the induction of anti-DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the specificity of anti-DNA antibodies was determined in sera from SLE patients and normal control subjects. As a marker of these responses, the reactivity to single-stranded DNA of various mammalian and bacterial species origin was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients with SLE demonstrated serum antibodies to all six types of DNA tested, whereas normal control subjects showed appreciable antibody responses only to DNA obtained from Micrococcus lysodeikticus (MC) and Staphylococcus epidermidus (SE). Anti-DNA antibodies in normal sera appeared to recognize unique sites on the DNA because MC DNA failed to inhibit antibody binding to SE DNA, and vice versa; in contrast, SLE antibody binding to MC DNA could be inhibited by SE as well as other DNA, suggesting recognition of a more widely shared epitope. The expression in normal sera of antibodies specific for certain bacterial DNA is consistent with their induction by structural determinants on these DNA molecules that are immunogenic. DNA may therefore represent another bacterial macromolecule capable of inducing cross-reactive antibodies in human autoimmune disease. PMID- 3257240 TI - Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 3 on the v-src oncogene. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity in the absence of changes in gene expression. AB - Three cloned murine interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent cell lines have been converted to interleukin 2 (IL-2) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM CSF) growth-dependent states. FD.C/1 32Dcl-23 and GM cells grown and maintained as IL-3-dependent cell lines, and cells grown with GM-CSF have been infected with a murine recombinant retrovirus containing the v-src oncogene, and grown as lymphokine-independent cell lines. There is a significant increase in tyrosine kinase activity in cells which become lymphokine-independent. FD.C/1 and 32Dcl-23 cells maintained as IL-2-dependent cells lines and infected with the same virus did not grow as IL-2-independent cells. The lymphokine-independent cells FD.C/1src, 32Dsrc, and GMsrc all expressed high levels of tyrosine kinase activity, ranging from 5- to 20-fold more than levels measured in virus-infected cell lines maintained as IL-2-dependent cells. The exposure of FD.C/1src and 32Dsrc cells to IL-3, and GMsrc cells to IL-3 or GM-CSF, resulted in significant decreases in tyrosine kinase activity. These changes were rapidly reversed by removal of IL-3 or GM-CSF from these cells. However, the synthesis of v-src specific RNA was not affected by the presence of IL-3 or GM-CSF in these cell lines. The biochemical pathways activated by IL-3 or GM-CSF inhibit the activity of the tyrosine kinase encoded by the v-src oncogene without altering gene transcription. PMID- 3257241 TI - B cell stimulatory factor-2 is involved in the differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from precursor T cells requires both antigen and lymphokine signals. Previous work from our laboratory has indicated that three lymphokines are required for the induction of CTL from murine thymocytes; interleukin 2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and a partially characterized factor referred to as cytotoxic differentiation factor (CDF). While attempting to clone CDF from the human T cell line C10-MJ2, we found that a gene encoding CDF-like activity is identical to the gene encoding the factor known variously as B cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2), IFN-beta 2, and 26-kDa protein. We report here that BSF-2 can induce the differentiation of Ly-2+ CTL from murine thymocytes in the presence of interleukin 2 and that the level of cytotoxicity is augmented by the addition of murine IFN-gamma. Serine esterase, a marker for cytotoxic granules in CTL, was induced only in the presence of BSF-2, and the level of serine esterase activity correlated with the level of serine esterase activity correlated with the level of cytotoxicity. These data suggest that BSF-2 is a differentiation factor for CTL and that it functions in part by inducing proteins required for mediating target cell lysis. PMID- 3257242 TI - Autoimmune MRL/lpr mice sera contain IgG with interleukin 3-like activity. AB - The spleen cells, thymocytes, and bone marrow cells of autoimmune MRL/MP-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice do not constitutively produce interleukin 3 (IL-3), but these mice had IL-3-like activity in their sera. MRL/lpr sera supported the growth of the IL 3-dependent cell lines FDC-P2 and DA-1 but not the growth of IL-2-dependent T-572 cells. This IL-3-like activity increased with age. Biochemical analysis of the MRL/lpr sera by anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration on a Superose 12 column, the binding to protein-A and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the serum factor with the IL-3-like activity was not IL-3 itself but was associated with IgG. Flow cytometric analysis also showed that the serum level of the Ig capable of binding FDC-P2 cells was high in MRL/lpr but not in MRL/+ mice. We suggest that IL-3 is not responsible for lymphoid hyperplasia, contrary to a previous report; rather auto-antibodies directed toward the IL-3 receptor may act pathogenically in MRL/lpr mice. PMID- 3257243 TI - Enhancement of antigen- and mitogen-induced human T lymphocyte proliferation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. AB - The capacity of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF alpha) to modulate human T cell proliferation was examined. To examine the effect of rTNF alpha on the responding T cell directly, T cell activation was studied in the absence of viable accessory cells (AC). Highly purified AC-depleted peripheral blood T4 or T8 cells were stimulated with immobilized monoclonal antibodies to the cluster of differentiation (CD)3 molecular complex, an AC-independent stimulus. rTNF alpha augmented anti-CD3-stimulated T4 and T8 cell proliferation. The capacity of rTNF alpha to enhance T cell proliferation varied inversely with the density of immobilized anti-CD3 and the number of responding cells in each culture. The capacity of rTNF alpha to enhance antigen-induced T4 cell proliferation was also examined. Antigen-bearing paraformaldehyde-fixed antigen presenting cells induced modest T4 cell proliferation when cultured in flat bottomed wells; this response was enhanced by rTNF alpha. The results demonstrate that rTNF alpha has direct effects on T cells, facilitating their capacity to proliferate in response to mitogens and antigens. These data indicate that rTNF alpha may play an immunoregulatory role, enhancing the proliferation of T lymphocytes. PMID- 3257244 TI - Inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and natural killer cell-mediated lysis by O,S,S,-trimethyl phosphorodithioate is at an early postrecognition step. AB - O,S,S,-Trimethyl phosphorodithioate (OSS-TMP), an organophosphate esterase inhibitor, has been shown to block the effector phase of the cytolytic reaction mediated by murine and human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and human natural killer cells. The murine interleukin 2-dependent CTLL-1 (anti-Iad) clone was used to determine the phase of the cytolytic pathway inhibited by OSS-TMP. Pretreatment of the CTL or target cell with OSS-TMP was not effective at blocking lysis; however, inhibition of lysis was achieved if the reaction was carried out in the continuous presence of OSS-TMP (IC50 = 55 microM) or when CTL-target conjugates were performed and incubated with OSS-TMP (IC50 = 640 microM). Two structural analogues of OSS-TMP were unable to inhibit CTL-mediated lysis. In contrast to OSS-TMP, N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone required only a 5-min preincubation with the CTL to inhibit lysis. OSS-TMP did not block recognition-adhesion step(s) of the reaction since the ability to form conjugates was not impaired; however, the lytic efficiency of individual CTL-target pairs were blocked. OSS-TMP did not appear to be an inhibitor of the major granule associated protease that cleaves the substrate, N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L lysine thiobenzylester. Ca2+ pulse and kinetic experiments indicated that the OSS TMP-sensitive site was at a pre-Ca2+-dependent phase but after recognition adhesion. Human CTL and natural killer cell activity was also inhibited by OSS TMP, suggesting the presence of a common site of action among these cytolytic systems. The results indicate that OSS-TMP may be a useful reagent in characterizing the early post-recognition events in the cytolytic pathway of CTL and natural killer effector cells. PMID- 3257245 TI - Complement-mediated early clearance of Haemophilus influenzae type b from blood is independent of serum lytic activity. AB - The role of complement-mediated serum lytic activity in the clearance of encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae type b was studied by comparing clearance of bacteria from blood in normal mice with that in congeneic C5-deficient animals and mice depleted of complement by using cobra-venom factor. The clearance of organisms from blood by C5-deficient and C5-sufficient normal animals was similar. C3 depletion and the inability to fix C3 to the surface of bacteria were, however, associated with impaired clearance of organisms during the first 24 h after intravenous bacterial challenge. These studies suggest that complement mediated opsonization rather than bacteriolysis is important in determining early clearance of H. influenzae type b from the bloodstream. PMID- 3257246 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b lipooligosaccharide induces meningeal inflammation. AB - We evaluated the ability of two Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) components, lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and capsular polysaccharide, to provoke meningeal inflammation in rabbits. Intracisternal inoculation of 2 fg-200 ng of LOS produced a dose-dependent increase in concentrations of white blood cells and protein in cerebrospinal fluid, whereas 4 micrograms of Hib capsular polysaccharide did not provoke meningeal inflammation. Preincubation of LOS with a murine monoclonal antibody to Hib LOS did not reduce the potency of the LOS. Incubation of LOS with polymyxin B (which neutralizes LOS by binding to its lipid A region) and deacylation of the LOS with acyloxyacyl hydrolase (a neutrophil enzyme that removes nonhydroxylated fatty acyl chains from lipid A) reduced meningeal inflammation. We demonstrated that purified Hib LOS induced meningeal inflammation in this model and suggest that the lipid A moiety of Hib LOS is principally responsible for this host response. PMID- 3257248 TI - Protein malnutrition and the febrile response in the Fischer rat. AB - We assessed the effect of protein deprivation on the ability of peritoneal macrophages from Fischer rats to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1) after in vitro stimulation. Pyrogenic activity of supernatants was measured by an in vivo febrile response assay. Control rats were given a 23% casein diet and protein malnourished rats were given an 8% casein diet for 4 weeks. IL-1-containing supernatants prepared from peritoneal macrophages were injected into assay rats, whose temperatures were measured for 6 hours (delta T6). Rats injected with IL-1 containing supernatants derived from peritoneal macrophage cultures of protein deprived rats had significantly less fever (delta T6 = 0.20 +/- 0.09 degree C) than rats injected with IL-1 containing supernatants derived from peritoneal macrophage cultures of control rats (delta T6 = 0.56 +/- 0.09 degree C), P less than .01. Protein malnutrition leads to diminished pyrogenicity of macrophage culture supernatants and may be at least partly responsible for the decreased febrile response seen in the malnourished animals. PMID- 3257247 TI - Nasopharyngeal carriage of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci by children in group day care. AB - We compared rates of antibiotic resistance in strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from nasopharyngeal secretions of a group of children studied longitudinally in a research day care center between 1978 and 1985 and recovered from usually sterile body fluids of patients at a tertiary care hospital between 1981 and 1985. The prevalence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) resistance was 11.5% in isolates from the hospital, whereas 30.0% of episodes of nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae studied in day care children included TMP-SMZ-resistant isolates. The proportion of episodes of colonization with TMP SMZ-resistant isolates in the day care study increased from 5.4% before 1981 to 39% between 1981 and 1985. Isolates of S. pneumoniae relatively resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 0.125 micrograms/mL) to penicillin G, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime accounted for 8% of isolates from the hospital and 11.9% of episodes of nasopharyngeal colonization in children in day care. Pneumococci with reduced susceptibility to either TMP-SMZ or a beta-lactam antibiotic were recovered from 68% of 72 children in the day care study. PMID- 3257249 TI - Restoration of the lipopolysaccharide-responsive phenotype in C3H/HeJ peritoneal macrophage-P388D1 cell hybrids. AB - The fusion of thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mouse strain to a hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT)-negative variant of the murine macrophage cell line P388D1 has resulted in the derivation of eight hybrid clones following HAT selection. Propidium-Iodide staining followed by flow cytometry has demonstrated that the DNA content of the hybrids represents the sum of the parents. Codominant expression of class I antigens from both parental haplotypes is observed in the hybrids. While class II antigens are inducible following a 72-hr induction with gamma interferon-containing supernatants, the amount of each haplotype varies between clones. These hybrids demonstrate Fc-mediated erythrophagocytosis in contrast to P388D1. In distinction to the C3H/HeJ primary peritoneal-macrophage parent, LPS treatment of the hybrids results in the increased release of both interleukin-1 (IL-1) and cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) into culture supernatants. Therefore, cell fusion has resulted in the stable restoration of the LPS-responsive phenotype in C3H/HeJ macrophage hybrids. These macrophage hybrids should serve as useful models in understanding the regulation of macrophage effector functions in response to environmental stimuli. PMID- 3257251 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cells in rats. III. A simple method for the purification of large granular lymphocytes and their rapid expansion and conversion into lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - A simple method for the purification and rapid expansion of large granular lymphocytes into cells with efficient broad antitumor cytotoxicity after stimulation by human rIL-2 is described. Nylon-wool nonadherent splenic mononuclear leukocytes from Fischer 344 rats were cultured in medium containing 1,000 U/ml rIL-2. The initial response of a small subpopulation of cells (less than 2%) to rIL-2 was their adherence to the plastic surface. This response was noted as soon as 2 h after addition of rIL-2. 2-h rIL-2-activated plastic adherent lymphocytes were 90-98% LGL, expressed surface markers characteristic of rat NK cells (OX8 [CD8]+, asialo GM1, laminin+, OX19 [CD5]-, R1-3B3 [CD5]-, W3/25 [CD4]-, OX39 [CD25]-, Ia-, and Ig-), and expressed very high levels of cytotoxicity against YAC-1 target cells. In addition to the above markers, plastic-adherent LGLs obtained at 24, 48, or 72 h progressively expressed Ia surface antigens, but were not phagocytic and contained less than 1% monocytes/macrophages by morphology. When 24- or 48-h plastic-adherent LGL/NK cells were cultured over 3-4 d in rIL-2, the cells expanded between 30- and 100 fold, reaching densities between 2-3 X 10(6) cells/ml. These rapidly expanding LGL/NK cells also generated very high levels of LAK activity (including lysis of fresh NK-resistant solid tumor cells), expressed a phenotype characteristic of activated rat NK/LAK cells, and incorporated [3H]TdR into DNA. This technique not only provides a novel method for the purification of LGL/NK cells for in vitro studies but also provides a means for the rapid expansion of highly purified cells with high levels of broad antitumor (LAK) cytotoxicity. PMID- 3257250 TI - The function of Ia+ dendritic cells and Ia- dendritic cell precursors in thymocyte mitogenesis to lectin and lectin plus interleukin 1. AB - The response of thymocytes to lectin is a standard tissue culture model for identifying cytokines such as IL-1 that are required for thymocyte mitogenesis. To study accessory cell requirements for these responses, it was necessary to deplete endogenous accessory cells with two techniques: anti-Ia and complement, and passage over nylon wool. Proliferation to Con A was then restored with 0.1 0.3% exogenous splenic dendritic cells, or 30-fold higher levels of peritoneal macrophages. The "costimulatory" action of IL-1, whereby responses to lectin were enhanced 3-10-fold, required the presence of dendritic cells. This effect of IL-1 could be reproduced by culturing the dendritic cells for 12 h in 1 U/ml human or murine rIL-1 alpha before addition to the thymocyte proliferation assay. The function of IL-1-treated dendritic cells was not blocked by a neutralizing anti IL-1 antibody. The endogenous population of thymic accessory cells was partially characterized. A trace (0.1-0.3%) fraction of Ia+, Ig-, plastic nonadherent dendritic cells was visualized and enriched to a level of 1-10% by depleting CD4+,CD8+, and Ig+ lymphocytes. When this double-negative population was cultured with IL-1 and washed, the treated thymic dendritic cells were 10-fold more active as accessory cells. When the CD4-,CD8-, Ig- populations were depleted of dendritic cells with anti-Ia and complement, the subsequent addition of IL-1 had a second effect. Ia+ dendritic cells redeveloped over a 2-d interval, and they exhibited the same properties as resident dendritic cells in thymus and spleen. The majority were lysed by 33D1 anti-dendritic cell mAb and complement, lacked Fc receptors, and acted as powerful stimulators of the MLR and Con A mitogenesis. The development of dendritic cells did not occur with IL-2, -3, -4 or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor or in nylon-nonadherent populations. The IL-1-dependent, Ia- precursor was not detectable in bone marrow. These results begin to analyze the endogenous accessory function of the thymus in culture. Dendritic cells actively stimulate thymocyte mitogenesis. The mitogenic action of IL-1 involves effects on resident Ia+ dendritic cells as well as a new population of thymic, Ia- precursors. PMID- 3257252 TI - Differential regulation of IgG1 and IgE synthesis by interleukin 4. AB - IL-4/B cell stimulatory factor-1 is a T cell-derived lymphokine that has been shown to enhance IgG1 and IgE and to suppress IgG3 and IgG2b secretion by B cells stimulated with bacterial LPS. We show here that the stimulation of IgG1 and IgE secretion in response to rIL-4 is differentially regulated. The dose-response curve for IgG1 production is bimodal with peaks at 100 and 10,000 U/ml. IgE production is modest at 100 U/ml and exhibits a progressive enhancement as the IL 4 concentration is increased to 10,000 U/ml, reaching approximately 1 microgram of IgE from an initial cell number of 2 X 10(4). Both of these effects are reversed by monoclonal anti-IL-4 antibody. Neither the enhancing nor suppressing effects of IL-4 can be explained by changes in viable cell yields or [3H]thymidine incorporation. The production of both IgG1 and IgE is controlled by IL-4 in a two-phase manner. During the initial 2 d of culture with LPS, IL-4 action for both IgG1 and IgE production is relatively concentration independent at doses greater than 600 U/ml. This 2-d treatment leads to maximal IgG1 production at day 6 with no further addition of IL-4. Addition of IL-4 during the final 4 d of culture has no effect at concentrations under 100 U/ml. At higher concentrations, IL-4 is strikingly suppressive for IgG1 production. By contrast, little IgE is produced unless IL-4 is present after 2 d of culture and the response is directly dependent on the concentration of IL-4 during this second phase of culture with maximal responses observed at 10,000 U/ml. These differences in IL-4 requirements for IgG1 and IgE production, respectively, may have an important role in the regulation of the synthesis of these isotypes in responses to microbial antigens. PMID- 3257253 TI - Purified interleukin 5 supports the terminal differentiation and proliferation of murine eosinophilic precursors. AB - Using a clonal culture system, we investigated the hemopoietic effects of purified recombinant IL-5 obtained from conditioned media of transfected Xenopus oocytes. IL-5 alone acted on untreated bone marrow cells and supported the formation of a small number of colonies, all of which were predominantly eosinophilic. However, it did not support colony formation by spleen cells from 5 FU-treated mice, in which only primitive stem cells had survived, while IL-3 and G-CSF did. Eosinophil-containing colonies were formed from these cells in the presence of IL-5 and G-CSF together. In contrast, G-CSF alone did not support any eosinophil colonies. The eosinophilopoietic effect of IL-5 was dose-dependent, and was neutralized specifically by anti-IL-5 antibody. To exclude the possibility of interactions with accessory cells in the same culture dish, we replated a small number (200 cells/dish) of enriched hemopoietic progenitors, obtained from blast cell colonies, which were formed by cultivation of spleen cells from 5-FU-treated mice in the presence of IL-3 or G-CSF. From these replated blast cells, eosinophil colonies were induced in dishes containing IL-5 but not in those containing G-CSF alone. From these findings, it was concluded that IL-5 did not act on primitive hemopoietic cells, but on blast cells induced by IL-3 or G-CSF. IL-5 specifically facilitated the terminal differentiation and proliferation of eosinophils. In this respect, the role of IL-5 in eosinophilopoiesis seems to be analogous to erythropoietin, which promotes the terminal differentiation and amplification of erythroid cells. Moreover, IL-5 maintained the viability of mature eosinophils obtained from peritoneal exudate cells of the mice infected with parasites, indicating mature functional eosinophils carried IL-5 receptors. The synergistic effects of IL-5 and colony stimulating factors on the expansion of eosinophils is supposed to contribute to the urgent mobilization of eosinophils at the time of helminthic infections and allergic responses. PMID- 3257254 TI - Fatal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage or perforation among users and nonusers of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Saskatchewan, Canada 1983. AB - We report a cohort study of fatal upper GI hemorrhage and/or perforation in relation to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among the one million residents of Saskatchewan Canada in 1983. All hospitalized cases of GI hemorrhage and/or perforation with a fatal outcome were identified using the records linkage system of the Saskatchewan Department of Health. Discharge summaries and autopsy records were reviewed to select the cases of upper GI hemorrhage or upper GI perforation and to exclude cases in which known risk factors were present. The 134,060 residents who filled one or more prescriptions for an NSAID in 1983 were identified and individually linked to their hospital records by patient identification number. The age- and gender-specific incidence of fatal upper GI hemorrhage and/or perforation in the absence of risk factors in users was compared to that in nonusers, controlling for recent history of upper GI disease. Fatal upper GI hemorrhage or perforation in temporal association with NSAIDs is extremely rare in persons younger than 75 years of age. No temporally related cases occurred in male NSAID users age 75 and older, but NSAID usage in this group was limited. Among women age 75 and older, the rate in users was higher than in nonusers, with the highest rate being in female NSAID users age 75 and older with a recent history of upper GI disease. Total mortality among women age 75 and older was slightly lower among users than among nonusers. Physicians who prescribe NSAIDs to patients age 75 and older should be aware of the potential risks, particularly in those with predisposing factors such as a history of upper GI disease. PMID- 3257255 TI - Retrospective studies in scleroderma: effect of potassium para-aminobenzoate on survival. AB - Demographic and survival data are presented for 390 patients with scleroderma. For the entire group an estimated 81.4% survived 5 years from diagnosis and 69.4% survived 10 years. Life-table analyses revealed that adequate treatment with potassium para-aminobenzoate (Potaba KPAB) was associated with improved survival (p less than 0.01); 88.5% 5 year survival rate and 76.6% 10 year survival rate for adequately treated patients. Five and ten year survival rates for patients never treated with KPAB were 69.8 and 56.6%, respectively. Similar findings were obtained by comparing observed to expected mortality for these patients; again, KPAB therapy showed prolongation of survival. The Cox proportional hazards model was also applied to this retrospective study adjusting for baseline clinical involvement, demographics and KPAB treatment. There were some interesting results including a high significance for skin involvement per se as a prognostic indicator: the greater the extent of skin involvement the poorer prognosis. Time from first diagnosis to first University Hospital visit or admission when included as a covariate did not influence survival. PMID- 3257256 TI - Treatment of advanced-stage colorectal adenocarcinoma with fluorouracil and high dose leucovorin calcium: a pilot study. AB - Thirty-one evaluable patients with measurable advanced colorectal carcinoma were entered into a pilot study that used weekly fluorouracil (5-FU) at the dose of 600 mg/m2 by bolus infusion administered midway during a two-hour leucovorin calcium infusion of 500 mg/m2. This regimen was repeated weekly for six doses. Twenty-seven of these patients (87%) were considered to be refractory to prior 5 FU therapy and four (13%) were previously untreated. All 31 patients successfully completed at least one 6-week cycle of this regimen with acceptable toxicity. The combined complete (CR) and partial response (PR) rate was 45% with another 25% of patients remaining stable. The 95% confidence levels for the responding patients are 27.6% and 62.7%, respectively. The remaining 30% of the patients had all received prior 5-FU therapy and progressed. All of the responding patients and 80% of the patients with stable disease received two or more cycles of this regimen after a 3- to 4-week interval off therapy. The median time to disease progression was 16.1 months for responding patients and 6.7 months for those patients with stable disease. The median survival for the responders was 20.6 months and for those with stable disease 9.8 months. The median survival for the nonresponding patients was 3.9 months. Toxicity included diarrhea in 70% of patients, skin rash (erythema) in 10%, stomatitis in 15%, nausea and vomiting in 25%, and myelosuppression in 10%. This study confirms and extends previous observations that demonstrate the improved efficacy of 5-FU when used with high dose leucovorin in advanced colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 3257257 TI - Iodine-123 SPECT of the thyroid in multinodular goiter. AB - Iodine-123 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of the thyroid was performed in two patients with multinodular goiter and swallowing difficulty to provide the functional and anatomic orientation of the goiter in relation to the airway. Transaxial slices showed the retrolaryngeal extension of the enlarged thyroid and the tracheal compression by the goiter in both patients. Sagittal and coronal sections confirmed the posterior extension of the goiter. Tracheal displacement was confirmed by roentgenography of the neck in both patients. Vocal cord paralysis demonstrated by fiberoptic laryngoscope and esophageal compression shown by esophagography were found in a patient with toxic multinodular goiter with coexisting papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. In this patient, both the tracheal compression noted in SPECT imaging and the tracheomalacia suggested by the flow volume loop pattern in pulmonary function test were confirmed at the time of thyroidectomy. Our observation suggests that SPECT imaging of large multinodular goiter may be useful in preoperative delineation of the functional anatomy and the extension of goiter in relation to the airway. PMID- 3257258 TI - Comparison of technetium-99m aminoalkyl diaminodithiol (DADT) analogs as potential brain blood flow imaging agents. AB - N-ethyl piperidinyl diaminodithiol (NEP-DADT), complexed with 99mTc has been developed as an agent for the measurement of brain blood flow using SPECT. Studies in patients have shown that 99mTc NEP-DADT enters rapidly into the brain, but also clears rapidly (t1/2 = 17 min). In this study nine new aminoalkyl DADT derivatives were synthesized, labeled with 99mTc and tested in mice with the aim of developing an agent with increased retention in the brain. In addition, relationships between chemical properties of the derivatives and their in vivo localization were investigated. The results were as follows: (a) the R-group and its isomeric configuration has a profound influence on the biodistribution; (b) 99mTc aminoalkyl DADT derivatives with apparent pKa values of greater than 6.9 show poor brain uptake (less than 0.40% dose at 5 min); (c) lengthening of the chain between the DADT moiety and the amino-R group from ethyl to hexyl generally increases the apparent pKa and consequently lowers brain uptake; (d) a correlation (r = 0.71) exists between initial brain uptake and the octanol-buffer partition coefficient; (e) 99mTc-4'-methyl NEP-DADT has the highest partition coefficient, relatively high uptake, and longest retention in the mouse brain. This complex has characteristics suited for brain blood flow measurements. PMID- 3257259 TI - Quantitative analysis of the tomographic thallium-201 myocardial bullseye display: critical role of correcting for patient motion. AB - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial 201TI imaging appears to offer major improvements over planar imaging. Quantitative analysis of the 201TI images appears to offer major advantages over subjective analysis in planar imaging, but the three-dimensional data available in SPECT images requires special approaches to analysis and display. Thus the myocardial "bullseye" display was developed to summarize and analyze the three-dimensional images of the left ventricle in two dimensions. The relative 201TI distribution to each region of the left ventricle of an individual patient can be displayed as the number of s.d.s away from normal that the region falls. We found that patient motion during the 22 min required for SPECT imaging appeared to produce artifactual defects. Thus, computer programs were developed to quantitate motion between consecutive frames of a [201TI] SPECT myocardial imaging study, simulate nonreturning vertical motion in normal patients, and correct the acquired data for motion. Motion as small as 0.5-1.0 pixel (3-6 mm) in the vertical (axial) direction caused artifactual defects in the quantitative bullseye display that resulted in a false-positive rate of up to 40% for a +1.0 pixel shift. Patient motion of magnitude greater than the threshold value for artifact-production (0.5 pixel) occurred at a rate of 10%, and should be corrected before tomographic reconstruction. PMID- 3257260 TI - Dynamic hepatobiliary SPECT: a method for tomography of a changing radioactivity distribution. AB - Dynamic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of a changing radioactivity distribution can be performed with a rotating scintillation camera by acquiring several 360 degree studies and generating a new 360 degree study for which the acquisition time for every image is shifted to a single selected time. Following suppression of gallbladder filling with a fatty meal, dynamic SPECT of the hepatobiliary system was carried out by acquiring two successive studies with each head of a dual-headed camera within a 35-min period following injection of technetium-99m DISIDA. Each of the four acquired studies consisted of 60 images acquired at 6 degree intervals, spanning 360 degrees. Time-shifted studies, each consisting of 60 images over 360 degrees, were generated for times 9, 17, and 26 min postinjection. Transverse, sagittal, and coronal images were generated for each study. These images were artifact-free and demonstrated physiologic shifting of the radioactivity distribution over time. When gallbladder filling was not suppressed gross artifacts were obtained. This procedure permits examination of regional liver function and provides improved visualization of the biliary tree. PMID- 3257261 TI - Effects of type and amount of dietary fat on rabbit and rat lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. AB - To investigate whether dietary linoleic acid inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, rabbits were fed diets containing 35% of the digestible energy (35 en%) as sunflower seed oil (25 en% linoleic acid) or palm oil (3.5 en% linoleic acid). No differences in the mitogen-induced proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or splenocytes or in the effect of sera on PBL proliferation were observed. To investigate whether the amount of dietary fat affects lymphocyte proliferation, rats were fed diets containing 10 or 35 en% as fat. No difference in the mitogen-induced proliferation of splenocytes was obtained. However, serum from fed rats but not from fasted rats of the 35 en% fat group inhibited splenocyte proliferation, in comparison with serum from rats of the 10 en% fat group. Removing chylomicrons from the sera did not affect proliferation. The very low density lipoprotein + chylomicron fraction of the plasma inhibited proliferation. The inhibition was stronger for the 35 en% fat group than for the 10 en% fat group and was increased by fasting. No systematic differences in the effects on proliferation were obtained with the low or high density lipoprotein fractions of both groups. Diets containing a high amount of linoleic acid do not inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. The amount of dietary fat might affect lymphocyte proliferation through one or more factors in the plasma. PMID- 3257262 TI - Haemophilus influenzae polyserositis. PMID- 3257263 TI - Circulating immune complexes after DTP immunization. PMID- 3257265 TI - Neonatal rotavirus-associated necrotizing enterocolitis: case control study and prospective surveillance during an outbreak. AB - After the death of a premature infant from rotavirus-associated necrotizing enterocolitis, we instituted prospective surveillance for this disease in our neonatal intensive care unit. During the 4-month study period an additional six cases of necrotizing enterocolitis and eight cases of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis occurred. Rotavirus infection was documented in 11 of these 15 symptomatic infants, in comparison with only eight rotavirus infections in 147 asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic babies (P less than 0.0001). Stools from 110 nursery personnel tested during the outbreak did not contain rotavirus. However, 12 of 59 staff members had serum IgM antibody against rotavirus, suggesting recent infection. In a case-control study we compared babies with severe gastrointestinal illness with a control group randomly selected from asymptomatic babies in the nursery during the time of the outbreak. Univariate analysis found six categorical variables and nine continuous variables that were significantly associated with disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, however, found only birth weight (P less than 0.0001), rotavirus infection (P less than 0.0001), and age at time of first nonwater feeding (P less than 0.02) to be associated with gastrointestinal illness. This study provides further evidence for the role of infection in some cases of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. PMID- 3257264 TI - Therapeutic approaches to cobalamin-C methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria. AB - The use of hydroxocobalamin (OH-B12), betaine, carnitine, and folinic acid were studied in two children with the cobalamin C form of methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria. When daily injections of 1 mg OH-B12 were discontinued for 3 weeks, there was no significant change in total plasma homocysteine or methionine levels and only a modest increase in methylmalonate. Orally administered OH-B12 1 mg/d in one patient was associated with an increase in plasma homocystine and a decrease in methionine within 1 month. Withdrawal of betaine 250 mg/kg/d was also associated with a rise in plasma homocystine and a fall in methionine levels. Carnitine 100 mg/kg/d lead to an increase in urinary excretion of propionylcarnitine, but did not affect plasma methylmalonate levels. No beneficial biochemical effect of folinic acid could be documented at a dose of 25 mg/d. Our results suggest that daily injections of OH-B12 are not necessary to maintain metabolic control and that orally administered OH-B12 is unlikely to be effective. Betaine appears to act synergistically with OH-B12 and should be part of the treatment regimen. Although there are theoretical reasons for using L carnitine and folinic acid, we could not document their effectiveness in these two patients. PMID- 3257266 TI - An investigation of the antinociceptive activity of calcitonin gene-related peptide alone and in combination with morphine: correlation to 45Ca++ uptake by synaptosomes. AB - A 5- or 30-min incubation of synaptosomes with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (10(-6), 10(-7), 10(-8) M) produced increases in 45Ca++ uptake upon depolarization of the synaptosomes, whereas a naloxone-reversible decrease in 45Ca++ uptake was seen after a 1-hr incubation with CGRP. Morphine-induced (10( 6) M) decreases in 45Ca++ uptake were reversed by simultaneous 5-min incubation of synaptosomes with CGRP (10(-6) M) and were enhanced by a 1-hr preincubation of the synaptosomes with CGRP (10(-6) M). CGRP produced naloxone-reversible antinociception in both the p-phenylquinone and hot-plate tests at 1 hr after i.c.v. administration, a time which corresponds to the peak CGRP-induced decrease in 45Ca++ uptake. CGRP (0.02 microgram through 40 micrograms i.c.v.) failed to produce antinociception in the tail-flick test. However, 30-min pretreatment of mice with CGRP (2 micrograms i.c.v.), a time point corresponding to a CGRP induced increase in 45Ca++ uptake in vitro, significantly antagonized morphine induced antinociception in the tail-flick test. A 1-hr pretreatment of mice with CGRP (2 micrograms i.c.v.), a time point in which a CGRP-induced decrease in 45Ca++ uptake was observed, slightly potentiated morphine in the tail-flick and hot-plate tests, but not in the p-phenylquinone test. The effects of CGRP on Ca++ uptake are suggestive of, but do not entirely predict, its activity in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3257267 TI - Molecular structure of fluoxetine hydrochloride, a highly selective serotonin uptake inhibitor. AB - Fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake, is clinically useful in treating depression and may be useful for management of a variety of other psychiatric and metabolic derangements. Using X-ray crystallography, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of fluoxetine hydrochloride. A total of 2394 unique reflections were measured, and full-matrix least-squares refinement of all non-hydrogen coordinates and thermal parameters gave a final discrepancy index of 0.074 for 1759 observed reflections. In the solid state, the planes defined by the two aromatic rings are skewed, precluding the possibility of intramolecular ring-ring interactions. The methylene units of the methylpropanamine moiety adopt the anticipated conformational relationships to minimize torsional strain. An exact antiperiplanar relationship exists between N11 and C3; the N11-C1-C2-C3 dihedral angle is -180 degrees. The C1-C2-C3-O4 dihedral angle is 60.6 degrees, indicating that the propanamine side-chain folds toward the phenoxy moiety rather than adopting a fully extended conformation. This folded three-dimensional relationship may be necessary for high-affinity interaction with the serotonin-uptake carrier and confers considerable structural homology between this portion of fluoxetine and the phenylcyclohexylamine substructure of sertraline and EXP-561. However, the nature of substituents on the phenoxy portion of fluoxetine is also critical in determining potency and selectivity in this series of compounds. PMID- 3257268 TI - Synthesis and biological properties of alpha-mono- and alpha-difluoromethyl derivatives of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan. AB - The syntheses of alpha-mono- and alpha-difluoromethyl derivatives of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan are described. In an attempt to selectively regulate serotonin synthesis, alpha-(mono- and difluoromethyl)tryptophan were tested in vivo as precursors (or prodrugs) of their 5-hydroxy analogues. Although alpha (mono- and difluoromethyl)-5-hydroxytryptophans are potent irreversible inhibitors of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (equipotent to alpha difluoromethyl-Dopa), only alpha-(monofluoromethyl)tryptophan affects the level of serotonin in vivo (small decrease), alpha-(difluoromethyl)tryptophan being a very poor substrate of the activating (or helper) enzyme, tryptophan hydroxylase. PMID- 3257269 TI - Studying the pulmonary circulation with positron emission tomography. AB - Positron emission tomography and appropriately labeled, short-lived radiopharmaceuticals can be used to study a variety of physiologic processes within the lung. Recently, methods have been developed to measure regional pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary vascular permeability to protein macromolecules. The advantages of these techniques include accurate quantitation, regional data available in an image format, noninvasiveness, and repeatability. These methods have recently been applied to studies of hypoxic vasoconstriction, pulmonary edema, and chronic obstructive lung disease in man and large experimental animals. Although the technology is complex and requires the integration of people from a variety of disciplines, these methods offer a unique opportunity to study in vivo lung physiology. PMID- 3257270 TI - Characterization of the cell type-specific determinant in the genome of minute virus of mice. AB - Two strains of minute virus of mice (MVM) show different host cell specificities. The prototype strain MVM(p) grows in fibroblasts, whereas the immunosuppressive variant MVM(i) grows in T lymphocytes. In this study, we have mapped on the viral genome a cell type-specific determinant: it is located between 69 and 85 map units in a region coding for the viral capsid proteins. The DNA of MVM(p) does not replicate in lymphocytes. MVM(i) cannot help MVM(p) grow in lymphocytes; thus the determinant acts in a cis fashion. We did not detect viral mRNA during a restrictive infection of lymphocytes with MVM(p). However, when the same cells were transfected with cloned DNA, both MVM(p) and MVM(i) DNAs were transcribed with the same efficiency from both promoters and the RNA was processed normally. Therefore, the specificity determinant is not a cell type-specific enhancer. PMID- 3257272 TI - The effect of sacral nerve stimulation for bladder control during pregnancy: a case report. AB - Neural stimulation was used to reduce bladder hyperreflexia and incontinence in a woman with myelodysplasia. The stimulation was delivered via an electrode placed in a sacral foramen and attached to a stimulator placed subcutaneously. The patient activated the device to inhibit the bladder and deactivated it to allow voiding. The device proved to be helpful in reducing bladder hyperreflexia and its use during pregnancy did not seem to have any adverse effect. PMID- 3257271 TI - The art gene product of human immunodeficiency virus is required for replication. AB - A mutation that alters the initiation codon of the art gene of the human immunodeficiency virus renders the virus replication defective. The replication defect of this mutation can be complemented in trans by the art gene product. These findings indicate that the art protein is essential for replication and, as such, represents a good target for development of new antiviral agents that could be useful in the control of human immunodeficiency virus infection. PMID- 3257273 TI - Adoptive immunotherapy using lymphokine-activated killer cells. PMID- 3257274 TI - Anti-tumor reactivity of human lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells against fresh and cultured preparations of renal cell cancer. AB - Immunotherapy utilizing the adoptive transfer of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells in conjunction with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) is capable of mediating the regression of established cancer in a variety of animal tumor models as well as advanced metastatic cancers in humans. We have thus examined the variability of the anti-tumor lytic reactivity of LAK cells obtained from patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC). Tumor cell suspensions were prepared by enzymatic digestion from 37 consecutive renal cell tumors. The mean (+/- SEM) total number of cells recovered was 1.5 +/- 2.2 X 10(9) cells per tumor. The percentage of tumor cells in the suspension was 39.1 +/- 3.3% (range: 6 to 75%). Thirteen of 13 different fresh renal tumor cell preparations tested in 57 experiments and tow of two renal tumor lines tested in 10 experiments were all lysed by LAK cells. RCC patients, like normal donors, generated good LAK effectors with broad antitumor activity against autologous as well as allogenic tumors. Both renal and nonrenal tumors were equally lysed by LAK cells. LAK killing of the erythroleukemic tumor lines K562 and Daudi was significantly better than the lysis of fresh autologous and allogeneic tumor targets or cultured RCC tumor lines. Short term tumor cultures derived from renal cancer preparations proved to be sensitive and reliable tumor targets for studying the in vitro killing by LAK cells. Clinical trials testing the therapeutic role of LAK cells and IL-2 in patients with advanced renal cell cancer are currently in progress. PMID- 3257276 TI - A second-opinion program for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 3257275 TI - Immunosuppressive treatment of aortic allografts. AB - Immunosuppression with cyclosporine (CsA) was explored as a means of preventing arterial allograft rejection and failure. Aortic allografts across the major histocompatibility barrier were studied in Brown-Norway and Lewis inbred rats. Grafts 1 cm long were interposed into the infra-abdominal aorta of Lewis recipients; five groups included two groups of untreated isograft and allograft control animals and three groups had allograft-CsA treatment regimens. The grafts were examined at 30, 60, and 100 days for patency, aneurysmal dilation, gross structural changes, inflammatory responses, and infiltration of W3/25- and OX8 positive lymphocytes. Only three allograft controls became occluded; the rest showed significant dilation (p less than 0.01), medial thinning and necrosis, intimal proliferation, and prominent cellular infiltration at 30 days. With all CsA regimens, aneurysmal dilation was significantly reduced or prevented (p less than 0.01), correlating with medial smooth muscle cell preservation. Cellular infiltration was delayed by an average daily dose of 5 to 10 mg/kg subcutaneous CsA for 30 days and was suppressed at 100 days by a continuous 5 mg/kg dose every 4 days. Intimal thickening in the graft was delayed but not prevented. We conclude that a low maintenance dose of CsA provides effective immunosuppression, thereby preventing aneurysm formation, and that the potential use of arterial allografts in vascular surgery may need to be readdressed. PMID- 3257277 TI - Prolongation of prothrombin time and severe gastrointestinal bleeding associated with combined use of warfarin and ketoprofen. PMID- 3257278 TI - Delayed sterilization of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis with twice daily ceftriaxone. PMID- 3257279 TI - Recombinant receptor protein may block HIV infection process. PMID- 3257280 TI - New Haemophilus influenzae vaccine licensed. PMID- 3257281 TI - Stimulating red blood cell production with immunomodulating agents. PMID- 3257282 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Prevalence of overweight in selected states--behavioral risk factor surveillance, 1986. PMID- 3257284 TI - Results of coronary artery endarterectomy and reconstruction. AB - Since 1978, 5005 patients have had coronary artery bypass operations: 50% had conventional grafts only (group A), 25.1% required one coronary artery endarterectomy (group B), and 24.9% required multiple endarterectomies (group C). Operative mortality and long-term survival were stratified within each group according to the presence of additional risk factors: severe left ventricular dysfunction, repeat operation, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, female sex, and age over 70 years. Operative mortality was 4.0% in group A patients, 6.3% in group B, and 10.4% in group C; it increased in each group as the number of risk factors increased. Mortality was higher in patients with a left coronary artery endarterectomy compared to those with a right coronary endarterectomy only when multiple risk factors were present. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in 5.6% of group A patients, 6.5% of group B, and 13.1% of group C patients. Early graft patency (940 patients, 18.8%) was 801 of 901 (88.9%) for endarterectomy grafts and 2939 of 3248 (90.5%) for conventional grafts. Late patency (over 1 year) in 288 symptomatic patients was 137 of 191 (71.1%) for endarterectomy grafts and 644 of 850 (75.8%) for conventional vein grafts. Long term (5-year) actuarial survival rate was reduced in patients requiring endarterectomy. Current anginal status is available for 3011 of 3305 patients (91.1%): 28.9% of group A patients, 32.5% of group B, and 33.7% of group C patients have recurrent angina at an average follow-up of 58.3 months. The results of this study show increased operative mortality and morbidity in patients requiring coronary artery endarterectomy and reconstruction. However, the early results and particularly the late survival, clinical status, and continued graft patency justify this approach in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease, many of whom would otherwise be inoperable. PMID- 3257283 TI - Early appearance of activated CD4+ T lymphocytes and class II antigen-expressing cells in joints of DBA/1 mice immunized with type II collagen. AB - Arthritis induced with type II collagen in DBA/1 mice, was analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques. In the earliest detectable pathologic changes, before any macroscopic signs, an accumulation of Mac1+, macrophage-like cells, and an increased expression of major histocompatibility class II antigens were observed focally in the synovial lining layer. In these foci, CD4+ and interleukin 2 receptor expressing T lymphocytes were regularly detected, but not usually other sets of lymphocytes such as B lymphocytes and CD8+ lymphocytes. In clinically detectable arthritis, there was a prominent infiltration of Mac1+ cells, both polymorphonuclear-like and macrophage-like cells. T cells were relatively few, suggesting that they do not play a primary effector role, but rather that they may regulate or permit the self-perpetuative inflammation. PMID- 3257285 TI - Head and neck malignancies in children: an age-incidence study. AB - One hundred forty-seven (147) children under 18 years have been treated for head and neck malignancies at Texas Children's Hospital from 1970 to 1985 and form the data base for this study. In order of frequency, the most common tumors were lymphoma, Langerhans' histiocytosis (LH), rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and other soft-tissue sarcoma. Children under 2 were most likely to have LH; those from 3 to 5, LH or lymphoma; and those over 5, lymphoma. PMID- 3257286 TI - The immunology of tonsils in children: the effect of bacterial load on the presence of B- and T-cell subsets. AB - Tonsil core specimens of 54 children, (3 to 12 years) with clinical evidence of chronic tonsillitis and/or "idiopathic" tonsillar hypertrophy, were studied for the effect of the magnitude of aerobic bacterial load on tonsil size and the absolute numbers of B- and T-cell subsets. Tonsillar core specimens obtained from ten children with no history of ear, nose, or throat infections and normal appearing tonsils served as controls. The findings of this study indicate that tonsil size was directly proportional to the mean bacterial load in colony forming units/g tonsil (CFU/g) even in the absence of a clinical history of infection (p less than 0.01). A mean bacterial load of 2.4 +/- 2.1 X 10(5) CFU/g tonsil was seen in diseased tonsils as compared to 1.6 +/- 2.4 X 10(4) CFU/g tonsil in normal controls (p less than 0.01). Hemophilus influenzae (type B and non-B), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes were the most common pathogens recovered in the largest numbers from diseased tonsils; control tonsils harbored few bacteria in their cores. The absolute number of immunocompetent cells/g tonsil including T-helper, T suppressor and B-cells (S-Ig+), were significantly greater in diseased tonsils than in controls (p less than 0.001). Increasing microbial load (CFU/g tonsil) correlated with increased numbers of T-helper (p less than 0.01) and B-cells (p less than 0.01). These data strongly support a bacterial etiology for chronic tonsillitis as well as "idiopathic" tonsillar hypertrophy. Bacterial induced proliferation of immunocompetent cells may be one underlying mechanism for chronic tonsillar disease in children. PMID- 3257287 TI - MPTP in mice: treatment, distribution and possible source of contamination. AB - Mice were treated daily with [3H]MPTP (30 mg/kg, 1 uCi, s.c.) for 1, 3, and 10 days to determine the fate and localization of tritiated compounds. An untreated mouse was housed either in the same cage ("cage-mate control") or in an adjacent cage separated by mesh-wire ("near-neighbor control"). The radioactivity measured in blood, brain, liver, and remaining body of [3H]MPTP-treated mice was dependent on the total dose of the drug the animals received and did not vary with the type of tissue analyzed. Significant amounts of radioactivity were found in the tissues of the "cage-mate control" mice, but not of the "near-neighbor control" mice. The route of transmission appears to be through the urine, as the urine of [3H]MPTP-treated mice was highly radioactive after the drug injection. Only traces of radioactivity were found in their feces and there was no increase in the background radiation in the environment of the cages, indicating that the tritiated compounds were not exhaled. Proper disposal of urinary products of MPTP treated animals is therefore necessary to reduce the risk of possible drug contamination in humans. PMID- 3257288 TI - Human serum sickness: a prospective analysis of 35 patients treated with equine anti-thymocyte globulin for bone marrow failure. AB - We have prospectively evaluated the clinical and immunological features of serum sickness in 35 patients treated for bone marrow failure with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG 15 mg/kg/day) and methylprednisolone (1 to 1.5 mg/kg/day). Twenty one patients were treated for 10 days and 14 were treated for 28 days. Clinical evidence of serum sickness developed in 30 patients (86%) and included fever and malaise (100%), cutaneous eruptions (93%), arthralgias (67%), gastrointestinal complaints (67%), cephalgia (57%), blurring of vision (37%), arthritis, (30%) and lymphadenopathy (13%). Clinical serum sickness began on day 7 +/- 1 (X +/- S.E.M.) and lasted for 10 +/- 2 days in the 18 affected patients receiving the shorter course of ATG. In the 12 affected patients receiving the longer course of ATG, serum sickness began on day 9 +/- 1. The earliest manifestations of serum sickness were fever, malaise, and cutaneous eruptions. Cutaneous findings consisted of morbilliform eruptions (n = 19) and urticaria (n = 1) or a combination (n = 8) that lasted 10 to 14 days. Twenty-one patients (75%) developed a highly characteristic serpiginous band of erythema and purpura along the sides of the fingers, toes, palms and soles 12 to 48 hours before other symptoms of serum sickness. Biopsies of lesional skin during the course of serum sickness revealed immune deposits (IgM, IgE, IgA and C3) in dermal vasculature in 7 of 9 patients. Immunological changes that occurred during the course of serum sickness included increased serum levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE. Circulating immune complexes, as measured by the C1q-binding assay, increased from a mean value of 12% to 45% on day 13 +/- 1. Complement levels (C3, C4, and CH50) decreased 50 to 80% from their baseline levels on day 10 +/- 2. Acute phase reactants increased: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and beta 2 microglobulin. Abnormal urinalysis developed in 17 patients (57%) over the course of serum sickness and included proteinuria, hematuria and hemoglobinuria on day 10 +/- 3. Hematopoietic response occurred in 43%. All 5 patients who did not develop serum sickness recovered from bone marrow failure. Our data document the clinical and immunopathological findings in human serum sickness and suggest that the principles of antigen-antibody interaction, complement activation, and resultant inflammatory response as seen in the previous animal studies are directly applicable to studies of patients with serum sickness. PMID- 3257289 TI - Risk-factor levels and mortality of ischaemic heart disease in three Australasian centres. Auckland, Newcastle and Perth MONICA Centres. AB - As part of the World Health Organization MONICA Study, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was estimated for Auckland (1982), Perth (1983) and Newcastle (1983). Measurements of blood pressure, blood lipid levels, the prevalence of cigarette smoking, obesity and other factors were obtained by similar methods in each centre from random samples of men and women aged between 35 and 64 years whose names were drawn from the electoral rolls. These risk factors levels were then compared with official statistics on mortality of all causes and of ischaemic heart disease for the three populations around the same time. There were substantial differences in mortality among the three centres. Death rates of all causes and of ischaemic heart disease were lowest in Perth and highest in Newcastle (except for all-causes mortality for women, which was highest in Auckland). Compared with Perth, differences in the mortality rates of ischaemic heart disease were 27% higher for men and 35% higher for women in Auckland, and 44% and 95% higher, respectively, in Newcastle. Levels of risk factors showed the same pattern for Perth (lower) and Newcastle (higher) but were somewhat inconsistent for Auckland. The relative magnitudes of the differences in risk factors were less than for the differences in mortality. Thus, other risk factors, socioeconomic differences and differences in medical care may also contribute to the differences in ischaemic heart disease mortality rates and further explanations should be sought for the large differences among these cities. PMID- 3257291 TI - More on rifampin prophylaxis against Haemophilus influenzae b in day-care facilities. PMID- 3257290 TI - Measurement of in vivo HGPRT-deficient mutant cell frequency using a modified method for cloning human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. AB - Approximately 80% of human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes could be cloned in the presence of crude interleukin-2, phytohemagglutinin, and X-irradiated autologous lymphocytes and Raji B-cells. This modified cloning method was used to measure the in vivo frequency of HGPRT-deficient mutant T-lymphocytes. Repeated experiments using blood from the same individuals revealed that the frequency of mutant cells was almost constant for each individual even though the cloning efficiency of lymphocytes varied somewhat from experiment to experiment. Approximately 80% of both wild-type unselected and 6-thioguanine-resistant colonies had helper/inducer and about 20% had suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte markers. No difference was observed in the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in relation to colony type. PMID- 3257292 TI - T-cell antigen deficiencies and clonal rearrangements of T-cell receptor genes in pagetoid reticulosis (Woringer-Kolopp disease). PMID- 3257293 TI - Endoscopic coagulation for gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3257294 TI - Primary intraventricular hemorrhage: clinical and neuropsychological findings in a prospective stroke series. AB - Seven cases of primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) constituted 3.1% of intracerebral hemorrhages in a prospective stroke series of 2,950 patients. All patients collapsed suddenly and had a depressed state of consciousness. Focal signs, if present, were minimal and contralateral to the major site of hematoma. Angiography in four patients revealed three intracranial arteriovenous malformations and one moyamoya. We conclude that PIVH may be readily diagnosed radiologically and underlying vessel malformations should be sought by angiography. Survival is common (five of seven cases), but a severe amnesic state may be a persisting deficit. PMID- 3257295 TI - Cerebral metabolism and patterned visual stimulation: a positron emission tomographic study of the human visual cortex. AB - We studied the impact of visual stimulation upon cerebral metabolism in normal young men using FDG-PET. Results obtained from subjects receiving patterned visual stimulation while performing an ocular fixation task were compared with results from ocular fixation alone. Visual stimulation in the macular region of either hemifield produced significant increases in metabolism of the contralateral posterior striate cortex. Visual stimulation induced highly significant asymmetries in metabolism of the prefrontal and inferior parietal cortices. Metabolic activation in extrastriate areas tended to be right-sided. These findings support the classic notion of retinotopic organization within the primary visual sensory cortex. They also indicate that the patterns of cerebral metabolism are not equivalent between the two cerebral hemispheres. This latter finding suggests that in humans the right cerebral hemisphere may be specialized for visual processing. PMID- 3257296 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis in the urinary tract: incidence and significance in a hospital population. AB - The significance of Gardnerella vaginalis in urine was studied by comparing urine culture results, urinalysis data, and clinical findings. Over a two-year period, G vaginalis was reported in 2.3% of all urine cultures. Of 72 patients with pure cultures (greater than 10(4) cfu/mL), 43 patients (59.7%) were found to have G vaginalis urinary tract infections. Furthermore, four of the infected patients had pyelonephritis. Symptoms associated with G vaginalis urinary tract infections varied, and pyuria was detected in only 58% of the cases. Conditions associated with G vaginalis urinary tract infection included a history of recurrent urinary tract infections and/or instrumentation and upper urinary tract disease. PMID- 3257297 TI - Progress in Haemophilus type b polysaccharide vaccine use in the United States. PMID- 3257298 TI - Fractures of the scaphoid bone. How to handle this common wrist injury. AB - A combination of forces makes the scaphoid bone susceptible to fracture. The common mechanism of trauma is a force applied to the palmar aspect of the wrist while it is in extreme dorsiflexion. Because early fracture diagnosis by x-ray study is difficult, all patients with a suspicious wrist injury and tenderness in the scaphoid region should be treated as if they have a fracture until radiographs at two and four weeks are normal. Treatment usually consists of immobilization using a long or short plaster arm cast. Various treatment methods, including electrical stimulation, are used when nonunion occurs. It is important to remember that patients are mainly concerned with results, not means, as long as such means are fast, safe, and minimally disabling. PMID- 3257299 TI - Electrically elicited co-contraction of thigh musculature after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. A description and single-case experiment. AB - The purpose of this article is to describe a method for strengthening the quadriceps femoris muscle in a patient after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. The method incorporates electrically elicited co-contraction of the quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles. A single-case experimental design based on a split-middle (ABAB) technique was used to assess the effects of the systematic administration and withdrawal of electrical stimulation with respect to changes in knee isometric extension and flexion torque and circumferential measurements of the thigh in a patient six weeks after ACL reconstruction. Results show increases in extension and flexion torque and thigh circumferential measurements that are associated with both stimulation (treatment) phases in addition to a maintenance effect demonstrated during the withdrawal phase. In this patient, the technique appears to be effective in increasing muscle strength and circumferential measurements, particularly quadriceps femoris muscle torque. Implications and suggestions for future research are included. PMID- 3257300 TI - Relationship between functional electrical stimulation duty cycle and fatigue in wrist extensor muscles of patients with hemiparesis. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate, in a sample of patients with hemiparesis secondary to cerebrovascular accident, the relationship between the ratio of stimulus on time to off time and muscle fatigue using a commercial electrical stimulation unit. An experimental model was used to test the hypothesis that the smaller the stimulus off time relative to stimulus on time, the greater will be the muscle fatigue over time. The wrist extensor muscles of 18 patients with hemiparesis were stimulated electrically, and isometric force output was recorded continuously using an adapted strain gauge-recorder apparatus. For each testing session, peak on time of the electrical stimulus was set at 5 seconds, and off time was set at 5, 15, or 25 seconds. Six randomly assigned treatment groups participated in three separate treatment sessions in a different order at 48-hour intervals. Treatment sessions were continued either until wrist extensor muscle force output decreased to 50% of its initial value or for a maximum of 30 minutes. Data analysis revealed that significant differences in muscle tension developed among all duty cycles (p less than .01). Duty-cycle ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 were shown to be progressively less fatiguing. Within the limits of this investigation, the 1:5 duty-cycle ratio was determined to be the best suited for initial use in programs of prolonged stimulation to the wrist extensor muscles of patients with hemiparesis. The hypothesis was accepted that the smaller the stimulus off time (rest interval) with respect to the stimulus on time, the greater will be the muscle fatigue over time. PMID- 3257301 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis: Tc-99m IDA planar and SPECT scanning. AB - The authors studied ten patients with primary biliary cirrhosis using planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); results were compared with those from 13 healthy subjects. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis had six- to tenfold prolongation of mean halflife (t 1/2) hepatic excretion of technetium 99m iminodiacetic acid (IDA) compared with mean t 1/2 excretion in healthy subjects. All patients with primary biliary cirrhosis had diffuse, uniform hepatic isotope retention and normal major bile ducts on planar and SPECT scans. The gallbladder was seen within 60 minutes in nine of nine patients who had intact gallbladders. The mean gallbladder volume was normal, but gallbladder ejection fractions and ejection rates were reduced in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis compared with those of healthy subjects. In contrast with previous studies of patients with sclerosing cholangitis and common bile duct obstruction, patients with primary biliary cirrhosis had different findings on scintiscans. In the early evaluation of patients with cholestasis, Tc-99m IDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy may be useful in the selection of the most appropriate invasive diagnostic test to enable a definitive diagnosis. PMID- 3257302 TI - Of mice, oncogenes, and Rifkin. PMID- 3257304 TI - Esophageal transection by the EEA stapler for bleeding esophageal varices in schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. AB - Thirty patients with esophageal varices due to schistosomal hepatic fibrosis underwent surgical treatment. They were divided into two groups. The elective group consisted of 20 patients who underwent splenectomy, gastroesophageal devascularization with esophageal transection using the EEA (U.S. Surgical Supply) stapler. The emergency group included ten patients, one of whom had the same procedure as those in the elective group and nine patients who had only esophageal transection with the EEA stapler. The use of the stapler in performing splenectomy and the devascularization operation did not decrease the recurrence of bleeding. Esophageal stapling in the emergency group controlled the bleeding in 90 per cent of the patients. The reappearance of esophageal varices and gastric varices in three patients in the emergency group was managed by distal splenorenal shunt operation. PMID- 3257303 TI - Hormone conjugated with antibody to CD3 mediates cytotoxic T cell lysis of human melanoma cells. AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be activated by antibodies to their antigen-specific receptor complex (TCR-CD3) to destroy target cells, regardless of the specificity of the cytotoxic T cells. A novel hormone-antibody conjugate, consisting of an analog of melanocyte-stimulating hormone chemically coupled to a monoclonal antibody to CD3, the invariant component of the T cell receptor complex, was used to target human melanoma cells for destruction by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes that bear no specificity for the tumor cells. As targeting components of such anti-CD3 conjugates, hormones or growth factors are expected to prove more effective than antibodies to tumor-associated antigens in focusing the destructive activity of cytotoxic T cells on tumor target cells. PMID- 3257305 TI - Effects of cerebellar retraction on brainstem auditory evoked potentials in an experimental animal model of cerebellopontine angle tumor. AB - The effects of cerebellar retraction on brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were studied in 15 New Zealand rabbits. In the first series, a Fogarty catheter was placed in the cerebellopontine angle of 5 rabbits. When a balloon volume of 0.2 mL was produced, only the latencies of waves III-V of the ipsilateral side increased. With a volume of 0.4 mL the ipsilateral BAEPs were irreversibly lost and the contralateral one reversibly changed. A volume of 0.6 mL caused loss of the BAEP on both sides and death of the animal. In another series, the cerebellum of 10 rabbits was retracted by a self-retaining retractor laterally to medially, so an approach to the cerebellopontine angle was simulated. With a retraction of up to 36 power units (p) the ipsilateral BAEPs were reversibly changed. A retraction of 54 p caused irreversible loss of wave V on both sides. With 84 p ipsilateral and contralateral waves III-V were immediately lost. The animals died within 7 minutes. Our experimental investigation shows that not only a defined volume in the cerebellopontine angle can cause irreversible impairment of brainstem function, but also uncontrolled retraction of the cerebellum. PMID- 3257306 TI - Ten years of selective shunts for hemorrhagic portal hypertension. AB - Selective portosystemic shunts have been performed in our hospital since 1973 for the treatment of variceal bleeding secondary to portal hypertension. We report our experience in 139 selective operations performed in a 10-year period (1973 to 1983). One hundred thirty patients underwent elective nine underwent emergency surgery. Eighty-five patients were classified in the A functional group of Child, 42 in group B, and 12 in group C. The overall mortality rate in the emergency group was 44% and in the elective group, 13%. Ascitis and transitory hepatic failure were the most common postoperative complications. The long-term follow-up clinical encephalopathy rate was 16%. The survival rate according to the Kaplan Meier survival analysis was 80% at 2 years, 68% at 5 years, and 67% at 10 years. PMID- 3257307 TI - Inhibition of antigen-specific activation of an L3T4+ T cell line by cyclosporine with maintenance of macrophage-mediated antigen presentation. AB - Cyclosporine has clearly been shown to directly inhibit T lymphocyte activation by monoclonal antibodies or mitogens where nominal antigen and accessory cells are not present. However, when T lymphocytes are stimulated by antigen, as occurs in allograft rejection, T lymphocytes and accessory cells must interact with one another. Under the latter circumstances, the issue of whether cyclosporine acts on T lymphocyte, accessory cell, or both is not resolved. This issue is addressed in this study. To assess the effect of cyclosporine on T cell activation, macrophages were incubated with heat-killed Listeria and then fixed in paraformaldehyde. These fixed macrophages retained their ability to present antigen to T cells but were not affected by subsequent treatment with cyclosporine. When cyclosporine and a L3T4+ T lymphocyte line were added simultaneously to fixed, antigen-pulsed macrophages, the drug inhibited antigen specific T cell activation with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 10 ng/ml. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that low doses of cyclosporine inhibit antigen-specific T cell activation where the drug's effects on antigen-presenting cells have been excluded. To assess the effects of cyclosporine on macrophage-mediated antigen-presentation, macrophages were exposed simultaneously to cyclosporine and antigen, and then fixed. Antigen presentation was not inhibited unless extremely large doses (9000 ng/ml) of cyclosporine were used. In our experimental system, any new inhibitory activity acquired by live cyclosporine-treated macrophages could be explained by residual drug. Finally, cyclosporine did not inhibit the induction of macrophage Ia expression nor antigen-presenting function after stimulation in vitro with lymphokine. PMID- 3257309 TI - FasTENS--a disposable transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator designed specifically for use in postoperative patients. PMID- 3257308 TI - Transfer of cyclosporine-associated syngeneic graft-versus-host disease by thymocytes. Resemblance to chronic graft-versus-host disease. AB - Syngeneic rat radiation chimeras treated transiently with cyclosporine (CsA) often develop a GVHD-like syndrome after discontinuing the drug. CsA also causes medullary involution and loss of medullary epithelium in the thymus. Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a late occurring syndrome following bone marrow transplantation with many features of autoimmune diseases, is thought by many to result from a thymic deficiency leading to a failure to develop specific tolerance for the host. A direct connection between a thymic deficiency and chronic GVHD was tested by transferring thymocytes from CsA-treated syngeneic Lewis chimeras into irradiated Lewis secondary recipients. Nine of 10 of these recipients had evidence of chronic GVHD in skin biopsies taken at 3 weeks posttransplant or in the autopsies at 5 weeks. Changes included characteristic lichen planuslike infiltrates and sclerodermalike changes in the skin, characteristic infiltrates and myositis of the tongue, often chronic hepatitis with bile duct injury, and interstitial and ductal infiltrates in the serous salivary glands. Immunoperoxidase stains of the skin and tongue infiltrates showed a marked predominance of W3/25+:OX8- lymphocytes. The hair follicles had increased expression of Ia antigen. The thymus in the secondary recipient had variable thymocyte reconstitution of the cortex and a mild to marked reduction in the relative size of the medulla. Stains for cytokeratin showed a moderate to marked reduction of cortical epithelium and marked to total loss of the medullary epithelium. These studies demonstrate that the features of post-CsA syngeneic GVHD resembling chronic GVHD result from an abnormal thymic microenvironment. They also provide additional evidence linking a thymus deficiency with chronic GVHD. PMID- 3257310 TI - Role of special stains in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii infection from bronchial washing specimens in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Fifty bronchial washing specimens from 36 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were retrospectively reviewed to assess the sensitivity of the various special stains used to diagnose Pneumocystis carinii. In 76% of the cases, the Diff-Quik stain was positive; it was the easiest and most rapid of the special stains used. The sensitivity was increased to 92%, 96% and 100%, respectively, by also doing cresyl echt violet, Grocott's Gomori methenamine silver and both the cresyl violet and Grocott stains in addition to the Diff-Quik stain. We conclude that the Diff-Quik stain is a fairly reliable and rapid screening procedure for making the diagnosis of Pneumocystis infection in bronchial washings from AIDS patients. The routine Papanicolaou stain gave less sensitive results in the smears of the washing specimens, but does give a markedly improved yield in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. PMID- 3257311 TI - Asbestos-related pleural disease and asbestosis: a comparison of CT and chest radiography. AB - High-resolution CT (HRCT) has the ability to demonstrate both asbestos-related pleural disease and parenchymal abnormalities consistent with asbestosis. The role of CT in the diagnosis of asbestosis can be defined by comparing it with radiography. We evaluated 60 men who had a history of occupational exposure to asbestos and whose outside chest radiographs were considered abnormal. Chest radiographs (inside films) and HRCT were performed in all patients at our institution and were interpreted independently by experienced radiologists. Outside film results were compiled from the submitted reports. The final conclusion regarding the interpretation of the radiologic examinations was determined by consensus when disagreements existed. Positive predictive values (the likelihood that a positive report is correct) for pleural disease were: outside films 56%, inside films 79%, HRCT 100%. The positive predictive values for parenchymal disease were: outside films 51%, inside films 83%, HRCT 100%. The addition of HRCT to chest radiography is most useful in eliminating false positive diagnoses of asbestos-related pleural disease caused by subpleural fat and false-positive diagnoses of parenchymal asbestosis in patients with extensive plaques or emphysema obscuring lung detail. The interpretation of chest radiographs in patients exposed to asbestos is often extremely difficult and subjective, and we recommend that positive findings (except calcified plaques) be confirmed with HRCT. PMID- 3257312 TI - Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the duodenum: radiographic findings. AB - Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the duodenal bulb was detected by endoscopic examination in 25 adult patients and was confirmed by biopsy in 17 of these patients. The endoscopic findings were correlated with the radiographic features of the lesion on upper gastrointestinal barium studies. On radiographs, this entity usually presented as clusters of 1- to 3-mm plaques raised above the smooth and featureless duodenal mucosa; this was seen in 17 (68%) of 25 patients. A less frequent finding was patches of coarse nodular mucosa with superficial erosions or an ulcer crater (five cases [20%]). The heterotopic gastric mucosa was visible as polypoid masses in two patients and as prominent areae gastricae covering the base of duodenal bulb in another. PMID- 3257313 TI - Infarcted Meckel diverticulum detected by CT. PMID- 3257314 TI - Carcinoma of the colon: detection and preoperative staging by CT. AB - This report analyzes the detection rate and role of CT in the preoperative evaluation of 90 consecutive, proved cases of colon carcinoma. In this study, the overall detection rate was 84%; however, the rate varied from 68% in unprepared colons to 95% in clean colons that were adequately distended with air. Sensitivity of detection depends mainly on the size of the lesion and the quality of the examination. CT was less sensitive than barium enema in detection, but it had a similar specificity in differentiating neoplastic lesions from inflammatory lesions. On the basis of our criteria of staging, CT evaluation resulted in a sensitivity of 55% for local invasion, 73% for regional nodes, and 79% for liver metastases. Compared with Dukes classification, CT correctly staged 64% of all patients but showed significant variations in staging different groups with lower results in the Dukes A, B, and C patients. CT, however, showed a sensitivity of 81% and a positive predictive value of 100% in detecting Dukes D lesions. In general, although negative CT findings do not help in staging a colonic tumor, positive findings are highly indicative of neoplastic spread. We believe that this feature justifies the use of CT in the preoperative evaluation of colonic tumors. PMID- 3257315 TI - Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy: prevalence of renal stones 3-21 months after treatment. AB - One hundred and four (70%) of the first 148 patients who underwent extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) at the University of Florida were evaluated for persistent or recurrent renal stone disease. Radiographs obtained 3-21 months after treatment showed that 53 (50%) of 106 treated kidneys were free of stones. In 48 of the 53 kidneys that contained stones, the stones were residual fragments dating from the period immediately after ESWL. New stones had developed in only five kidneys. The 50% incidence of stone-free kidneys 3-21 months after ESWL is less than the 65-90% rate reported by other institutions in the United States and Europe. After stone removal by ESWL, new stone formation occurs at a rate of 5%, which is much lower than the expected recurrence rate of 37-50%. PMID- 3257317 TI - Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy: slam-bang effects, silent side effects? PMID- 3257316 TI - Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy: long-term complications. AB - Of 148 patients who had extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for renal lithiasis in 1984, 21 (14%) returned after 17-21 months for renal function tests (21 patients) and blood pressure determination (20 patients). Quantitative radionuclide renography showed a statistically significant (p = .048) decrease in the percentage of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) to the treated kidney. Two of these patients had developed hypertension requiring treatment but became normotensive when given medication. In the other patients there was a statistically significant increase in both systolic (p = .0002) and diastolic (p = .015) blood pressures. Information about blood pressure was also obtained from an additional 71 (48%) of the 148 patients; of the total 91 patients (61%) in whom blood pressures were obtained, seven (8%) had developed sufficiently severe hypertension to require treatment beginning within 21 months after ESWL. Side effects of ESWL for renal lithiasis include hemorrhage, edema, and acute tubular necrosis of the kidney. This form of renal trauma is associated with an immediate decrease in renal function of the treated kidney, and this decrease may be permanent. ESWL is also associated with the onset of hypertension, which may occur immediately or be delayed by several weeks or months. Although the pathogenesis remains unknown, hypertension is an important complication of ESWL in about 8% of patients. PMID- 3257318 TI - Selective renal embolization for hematuria: coordination with cystoscopy. PMID- 3257319 TI - Balloon catheter dilatation of urethral strictures. AB - Seven patients with urethral strictures due to different causes were treated by balloon catheter dilatation. The dilatation was performed on an outpatient basis in conjunction with suprapubic voiding cystourethrography and under fluoroscopic control. Only diazepam sedation and topical anesthesia were used. No indwelling catheters were placed in the urethra after the procedure. Six of the seven patients have been followed for 6-26 months, and only two have required redilatations. There have been no complications that required therapy. The initial success with our technique and that reported by others suggest that balloon catheter dilatation offers a good alternative treatment for urethral strictures to replace bouginage, urethrotomy, and urethroplasty. PMID- 3257320 TI - Meniscal and ganglion cysts of the knee: MR evaluation. AB - Meniscal and ganglion cysts frequently present as palpable masses of the knee but occur at different locations than do popliteal cysts. Meniscal cysts also may be discovered incidentally on studies performed for suspected internal derangement. Sixteen cystic lesions of the knee were evaluated with MR, including 11 meniscal cysts and five ganglion cysts. Scans were performed at 1.5 T by using a transmit/receive extremity coil or a receive-only surface coil. Standard spin echo imaging, including at least one long-TR/asymmetric-TE sequence, was performed in all cases. In six patients, gradient-echo, reduced flip-angle sequences also were done. All meniscal cysts (but none of the ganglion cysts) were associated with horizontal meniscal tears. Cysts were visualized best on the long-TR/TE images; meniscal tears were seen best on the short-TR/TE and long TR/short-TE images. Meniscal tears and cysts were also seen well on the fast scanning sequences. Septations were noted in four meniscal cysts and in four ganglion cysts on the long-TR/TE images. Long-TR/TE images were also useful in showing the relationship between the cyst and joint capsule in three of the ganglion cysts. MR imaging is an effective, noninvasive method for evaluating cystic lesions of the knee. Meniscal cysts are always associated with underlying horizontal meniscal tears, which can be detected with MR. Ganglion cysts are not associated with meniscal tears, but may have connections to the joint capsule, which can be detected with MR. PMID- 3257321 TI - Knee ligament reconstruction: plain film analysis. AB - New concepts in knee ligament reconstruction have recently emerged, significantly improving the success of surgical reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, using high-strength bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts, as well as medial and lateral collateral soft-tissue ligament reconstructions. We reviewed plain radiographs of 50 patients with a total of 72 ligament reconstructions to determine radiographic signs of complications. A major early complication relates to reconstructed ligament positioning. Isometric positioning of the reconstruction is important for all ligaments, but it is most crucial for the femoral portion of the anterior cruciate ligament. Three cases of nonisometric ligament positioning were identified, two anterior cruciate ligaments and one medial collateral ligament. Another early complication is graft fracture, identified in two cases of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Hardware failure did not occur in this series. Late complications include motion of the graft (none in this series) and patellar fracture (one case in this series). Effusions resolved by 4 weeks in 92% of the cases. However, prolonged effusions are usually sterile and should not be mistakenly diagnosed as representing a septic joint if they are an isolated finding. Nonunion of the graft within its osseous tunnel is unusual. Union occurred in 79% of cases by 6 weeks and in 95% of cases by 5 months. Osseous tunnel sclerosis alone is not considered a complication. We conclude that postoperative plain film radiography is important for assessment of graft and hardware position as well as for the detection of early and late surgical complications. PMID- 3257322 TI - Shoulder impingement syndrome: MR findings in 53 shoulders. AB - The shoulder impingement syndrome refers to a condition in which the supraspinatus tendon and subacromial bursa are chronically entrapped between the humeral head inferiorly and either the anterior acromion itself, spurs of the anterior acromion or acromioclavicular joint, or the coracoacromial ligament superiorly. As a result, the space for the bursa and tendon is reduced, and repeated trauma to these structures leads to bursitis and rotator cuff injury. Although pain and limitation of motion are common early findings, the diagnosis is often delayed until a complete tear of the rotator cuff has occurred. In an attempt to determine if MR can be used to depict the abnormalities associated with impingement syndrome (subacromial bursitis, supraspinatus tendinitis, and rotator cuff tear), we reviewed 107 MR scans of painful shoulders. Changes consistent with impingement syndrome were found in 53 patients (50%), 32 of whom underwent subsequent arthrography or surgery. MR was found capable of depicting several soft-tissue and bony abnormalities that have been clinically described in impingement syndrome. In regions of inflammation, we found that the supraspinatus tendon and/or the subacromial bursa were compressed by spurs (25 shoulders), capsular hypertrophy of the acromioclavicular joint (six shoulders), and/or low lying acromion (14 shoulders). While T1-weighted MR imaging was highly sensitive to abnormalities of the supraspinatus tendon, tendinitis could be differentiated from a small tear of the supraspinatus tendon only with T2-weighted imaging. Large, full-thickness tears, especially if chronic, produced characteristic MR findings on both T1- and T2-weighted images. We conclude that MR can be used to detect several abnormalities associated with the shoulder impingement syndrome. PMID- 3257323 TI - MR imaging of hemophilic pseudotumors. PMID- 3257324 TI - MR imaging of Maffucci syndrome. PMID- 3257325 TI - Polychondritis affecting the laryngeal cartilages: CT findings. PMID- 3257327 TI - MR imaging of Ebstein anomaly: results in four cases. AB - We performed ECG-gated MR imaging in four patients (4 months-15 years old), all of whom had a previously diagnosed severe form of Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve. The goal was to study the anatomy of this congenital heart defect with MR imaging. The axial and coronal scans provided the best details. All characteristic abnormalities were seen well: the maintained proximal and faulty distal attachment of the anterior tricuspid leaflet, the absence of both septal and posterior tricuspid leaflets, the size and delineation of the anatomically atrialized chamber of the right ventricle, and the small, compressed trabecular portion with the markedly dilated pumping outflow tract of the right ventricle proper. Our results suggest that MR may furnish valuable information in patients with Ebstein anomaly when echocardiography is either inconclusive or technically difficult to perform. PMID- 3257326 TI - Scoliosis examinations: organ dose and image quality with rare-earth screen-film systems. AB - We determined the dose to the breast and evaluated the image quality when various high-speed, rare-earth screen-film systems were used in conjunction with breast dose reduction methods in children undergoing scoliosis examinations. In addition, normalized organ dose to the breast, active bone marrow, thyroid, eyes, ovaries, and testes were measured in a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom comparing the anteroposterior and posteroanterior projections. The average measured dose to the breast was 6.9 and 4.0 mrad (10(-5) Gy), respectively, for nominal 400- and 600-speed, rare-earth screen-film systems used in combination with breast dose reduction methods. The image quality of these systems as evaluated by three radiologists was rated as adequate. The dosimetry results with an anthropomorphic phantom showed that the posteroanterior projection provides approximately a threefold reduction in breast dose as compared with the anteroposterior view. However, the dose to the bone marrow is doubled. Rare-earth screen-film systems used in combination with simple dose-reduction methods can provide adequate image quality for scoliosis examination while significantly reducing the radiation dose to the breast. PMID- 3257328 TI - Food allergy presenting as obstruction in an infant. PMID- 3257329 TI - The use of midazolam for sedation of infants and children. PMID- 3257330 TI - Temporomandibular joint: MR imaging of internal derangements and postoperative changes. AB - Nineteen abnormal temporomandibular joints (TMJs) imaged with high-field-strength surface-coil MR are presented to illustrate specific changes associated with disk derangement, trauma, and previous surgery. Cases were selected from a series of 248 TMJ MR studies in 144 patients (9-68 year old, 130 females and 14 males) performed during a 5-month period. Surgical findings were available for correlation in 44 of the 248 joints studied. Increased signal caused by myxoid degeneration within the degenerating meniscus was seen, as were pathologic changes including atrophy, fibrosis, and contracture of masticatory muscles occurring with internal derangements. Advantages and limitations of MR are discussed with reference to arthrography and videofluoroscopy. High-resolution and partial-flip-angle images of a normal joint are provided for comparison. In most clinical circumstances, MR is the procedure of choice when examining the TMJ, because it provides contrast resolution of soft-tissue structures superior to that of conventional imaging techniques. PMID- 3257331 TI - Syringomyelia as a consequence of compressive extramedullary lesions: postoperative clinical and radiological manifestations. AB - MR imaging was performed to determine the cause of the onset of new neurologic symptoms in five patients who had previously undergone surgical excision of extramedullary masses. Syringomyelia and the absence of recurrent or residual lesions were documented in all cases. Three patients showed long cysts (multiseptated in two and smooth in one) with low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. The flow-void phenomenon related to fluid motion in these three cysts, which were enlarging clinically, was responsible for the hypointensity on the T2-weighted images. In two patients the fluid within the lesions behaved similarly to normal nonpulsatile CSF and may have represented syrinx cavities in a state of "arrested growth." Three patients had surgical decompression under real-time intraoperative sonographic control, which showed the presence of intramedullary cyst-fluid pulsations in two cases and the absence of cyst-fluid pulsations in one case. These sonographic observations correlated with the MR findings. We postulate that these syrinx cavities form as a result both of the effect that the original extramedullary lesion had upon the underlying spinal cord and the subsequent postoperative alterations in the CSF dynamics at the level of prior surgery. Syringomyelia should be considered in patients with recurrent or new symptoms who previously had surgery for extramedullary lesions. PMID- 3257332 TI - Comparison of MR and CT myelography in imaging the cervical and thoracic spine. AB - MR imaging and CT myelography were compared in a retrospective study of 38 patients with suspected lesions of the cervical and thoracic spinal canal and cord. Twenty-eight abnormal cases were found, including spondylosis (9), tumors (8), intramedullary cavities (3), arachnoiditis (3), disk-space-centered infection or osteomyelitis (2), nonneoplastic cord swelling (2), and CSF-borne metastasis (1). MR was equal or superior to CT myelography in depicting cases of cord enlargement, cord compression, and cord atrophy, providing better tissue characterization, no shoulder artifact, and no limitation caused by CSF block. CT myelography was superior to MR in depicting cases of spondylosis and arachnoiditis. It showed superior spatial resolution, which was most pronounced when comparing axial images and hence particularly superior in detecting the lateral extent of disk herniation. Use of surface coils and thin imaging sections is essential for accurate and complete MR evaluation of the cervical and thoracic spine. PMID- 3257333 TI - Treatment of vertebral arteriovenous fistulas. AB - Twenty patients with vertebral arteriovenous fistulas (eight spontaneous, six traumatic without vertebral artery transection, and six traumatic with vertebral artery transection) were treated by transvascular embolization techniques, resulting in complete fistula closure in all patients. The fistulas were located at C1-C2 in 45%, C2-C3 in 25%, C4-C5 in 15%, C5-C6 in 10%, and C6-C7 in 5%. Trauma was the most common cause: 30% followed knife wounds, 20% followed gunshot injuries, and 10% followed blunt trauma. Eight patients had spontaneous fistulas, two associated with fibromuscular dysplasia. Three patients-all with large, long standing fistulas-developed neurologic deficits coincident with the abrupt closure of the fistula, which resolved with reestablishment of fistula flow. Two of these patients were treated by staged closure; the other one by gradual closure. In all three cases the result was complete fistula closure without neurologic sequelae. The remaining spontaneous fistulas were all closed by balloon embolization with preservation of the vertebral artery and without deficits. The six patients with traumatic fistulas without transection were cured by balloon embolization, without deficits; in four there was also preservation of vertebral flow. The other six patients had traumatic fistulas with transection and were all cured by balloon embolization with preservation of flow in two. Four patients required bilateral approaches to the fistula to achieve complete fistula closure. The only complication was a mild residual Wallenberg syndrome after occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery in the treatment of a transection located at C1. In our opinion, transvascular techniques are the treatment of choice for vertebral arteriovenous fistulas. PMID- 3257334 TI - Tolosa-Hunt syndrome revisited: not necessarily a diagnosis of exclusion. AB - The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS), a steroid-responsive painful ophthalmoplegia secondary to idiopathic granulomatous inflammation, historically has been categorized as a diagnosis of exclusion because of its nonspecific radiologic presentation. Five patients who satisfied the anatomic and clinical criteria of this syndrome underwent high-resolution CT of the orbital apex/cavernous sinus region. Two patients were diagnosed as having orbital apex pseudotumor, two as having cavernous sinus inflammation, and one as having a cavernous sinus epidermoid by the characteristic CT and clinical findings. Follow-up studies while the patients were asymptomatic demonstrated complete resolution of the CT abnormalities in four patients and clinical improvement in all five patients. Our data suggest that orbital apex pseudotumor and granulomatous inflammation of the cavernous sinus have similar clinical features and should be considered as part of the spectrum of THS. With the advent of high-resolution CT, THS may now be a diagnosis of inclusion. Symptomatic improvement after steroid therapy is an essential but not absolute proof of the syndrome, since lesions such as lymphomas may also respond to steroids. Resolution of the soft-tissue inflammation of CT is an additional criterion for diagnosis. PMID- 3257335 TI - Greenfield filter: percutaneous placement in 50 patients. AB - Greenfield filters for prevention of pulmonary emboli may be placed in the inferior vena cava by surgical cutdown or by percutaneous insertion through the femoral or jugular veins. We evaluated the use of the percutaneous techniques 52 times in 50 patients. The right femoral vein was used in 37 of the procedures, the right internal jugular vein in 12, and the left femoral vein in three. Twenty two patients had altered coagulation factors: 11 were receiving heparin, four were receiving warfarin sodium, six had hepatic cirrhosis, and one had disseminated intravascular coagulation and had been receiving warfarin sodium. Filter placement was successful in 51 of 52 procedures. In the unsuccessful case, placement was attempted via the left femoral vein; the carrier could not be advanced from the common iliac vein to the inferior vena cava. This patient required surgical occlusion of the cava. There was one major complication, a hematoma in the right side of the groin that required transfusion. This occurred in the patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation who had extensive scarring from multiple previous vascular surgical procedures. Two patients required second filters because of severe angulation of the filter found 1 and 4 days after implantation. Clinical thrombosis of the femoral vein after femoral vein access occurred in two (5%) of 40 patients and was proved by venogram in one. Our experience shows that the percutaneous method is highly successful and suggests that this technique should be the primary method for filter placement in the inferior vena cava. PMID- 3257336 TI - The collapsed inferior vena cava: CT evidence of hypovolemia. AB - In a review of 100 patients undergoing abdominal CT for blunt abdominal trauma, seven had flattening of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava at multiple levels. In six of these patients, emergency surgery was required to control major hemorrhage. Three patients had hypotension documented during or shortly after abdominal CT. Five patients had major intraabdominal injuries, and one patient had massive hemorrhage from facial lacerations. The severity of the blood loss was not fully appreciated clinically in five of the six patients before CT. The seventh patient had no clinical evidence of significant blood loss; in this case the flattened inferior vena cava probably was related to a normal variant. In a group of 100 patients scanned for nonacute conditions, none had flattening of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava at multiple levels. Presence of a collapsed inferior vena cava may be CT evidence of significant hypovolemia from major blood loss and should prompt careful hemodynamic and central venous pressure monitoring. PMID- 3257337 TI - Splenic artery pseudoaneurysms causing lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 3257338 TI - The popliteal artery and its branches: embryologic basis of normal and variant anatomy. PMID- 3257339 TI - Cine CT in obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 3257340 TI - Comparison study of the efficacy of the 22-gauge Vacu-Cut needle for biopsy. PMID- 3257341 TI - Use of the FloSwitch as a torque handle for steerable guidewires. PMID- 3257342 TI - Vertical cassette alignment in scoliosis filming by using the gastric gas bubble as a level. PMID- 3257343 TI - The need for prompt, effective communication of mammographic results. PMID- 3257345 TI - Radiopacity of glass. PMID- 3257344 TI - A new, extra-long vascular sheath. PMID- 3257346 TI - Audio entertainment system in a radiology department. PMID- 3257347 TI - Atherosclerotic aneurysms of aortocoronary vein grafts. PMID- 3257348 TI - Prolonged infusion of urokinase for recanalization of chronically occluded aortocoronary bypass grafts. PMID- 3257349 TI - Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from ischemia of an interposed jejunal segment in the esophagus. AB - We report a patient who presented with hematemesis due to ischemic injury to the jejunal segment which had been interposed following distal esophagectomy for a benign esophageal stricture. The complications of this surgery are reviewed. PMID- 3257350 TI - The relation of diet, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption to plasma beta carotene and alpha-tocopherol levels. AB - The relation of diet and nutritional supplements, cigarette use, alcohol consumption, and blood lipids to plasma levels of beta-carotene and alpha tocopherol was studied among 330 men and women aged 18-79 years. Dietary carotene, preformed vitamin A, and vitamin E intake were estimated by a self administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The correlation of dietary carotene with plasma beta-carotene was reduced in smokers compared with nonsmokers (r = 0.02 vs. 0.44 among men; r = 0.19 vs. 0.45 among women). Smokers had much lower plasma levels of beta-carotene than did nonsmokers (geometric mean 8.5 vs. 15.3 micrograms/dl for men; 17.3 vs. 26.3 micrograms/dl for women) despite only slightly lower intakes of carotenoids. In multiple regression analyses, men who smoked one pack per day had 72% (95% confidence interval (CI) 58-89) of the plasma beta-carotene levels of nonsmokers after accounting for dietary carotene and other variables; for women, the corresponding percentage was 79% (CI 64-99). In similar models, men drinking 20 g of alcohol per day had 76% (CI 65-88) of the beta-carotene levels of nondrinkers; women had 89% (CI 73-108) of the levels of nondrinkers. An interaction term for carotene intake and smoking was statistically significant in a model combining both sexes. These results suggest that plasma levels of beta-carotene among smokers and, perhaps, heavy consumers of alcohol may be reduced substantially below levels due to differences in diet. The correlation of calorie-adjusted intake of vitamin E with lipid adjusted plasma levels of vitamin alpha-tocopherol was 0.53 for men (n = 137) and 0.51 for women (n = 193) and did not differ by alcohol consumption and cigarette use; these correlations were largely accounted for by use of vitamin supplements. In linear regression models, vitamin E intake and plasma lipids were significant predictors of plasma alpha-tocopherol levels. PMID- 3257351 TI - Emphysema associated with complete absence of alpha 1- antitrypsin in serum and the homozygous inheritance [corrected] of a stop codon in an alpha 1-antitrypsin coding exon. AB - Homozygous inheritance of the null bellingham alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) gene is associated with early-onset emphysema, resulting from the lack of alpha 1AT to protect the lung from neutrophil elastase. Cloning and sequencing of the null bellingham gene demonstrated that the promoter region, coding exons, and all exon-intron junctions were normal except for a single base substitution in exon III, causing the normal lys217 (AAG) to become a stop codon (TAG). Evaluation of genomic DNA of family members by using oligonucleotides directed toward this region demonstrated that the index case had inherited this mutation in a homozygous fashion. Although the consequences to the individual (i.e., emphysema) are identical to those associated with the common homozygous Z mutation, the homozygous null bellingham form of alpha 1AT deficiency has a very different genetic basis. PMID- 3257352 TI - Community outbreak of thyrotoxicosis: epidemiology, immunogenetic characteristics, and long-term outcome. AB - Between January and March 1984, the first community outbreak of transient thyrotoxicosis in the United States was documented in a seven-county area of southeastern Nebraska; 36 of the total 49 patients resided in York County (2.4 cases per 1,000 population). The median age of patients was 36 years, range six to 82 years; 51 percent were women. By definition, all patients were symptomatic, visited a physician, and had a newly identified elevated serum concentration of thyroxine or triiodothyronine of unknown cause. None had a goiter or a painful thyroid gland. Low 131I uptake measurements were found in all nine patients studied. Six patients were hospitalized; none died. Investigation of all 12 household contacts of eight selected patients revealed five additional persons with thyrotoxicosis and four with asymptomatic hyperthyroxinemia. A case-control study revealed that illness was associated with a significantly higher frequency of a reported recent respiratory viral-like condition. In another case-control study, the HLA-DR3 antigen was present in more case subjects (39 percent) than control subjects (14 percent). In addition, a significantly higher proportion of patients than control subjects purchased beef from one of the three supermarkets in York Country. Concomitant with the outbreak, the supermarket implicated in the outbreak purchased an unusually large quantity of beef (7,000 pounds) from a nonregular supplier in Nebraska, which had reportedly instituted the practice of trimming gullets (a procedure that removes the muscles from bovine larynx for beef) about three months earlier. Thus, it is concluded that the Nebraska outbreak, like one in Minnesota that occurred 18 months later, probably resulted from patients having eaten ground beef that was contaminated with bovine thyroid gland. This form of thyrotoxicosis, perhaps misdiagnosed as painless thyroiditis in the past, probably represents a previously under-recognized public health problem. PMID- 3257353 TI - Association of human immunodeficiency virus infection and autoimmune phenomena. AB - Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus have a variety of presentations including fevers, lymphadenopathy, rash, renal dysfunction, and neurologic and hematologic disorders. Many of these features are also seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein are described five patients ultimately diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) in whom the differential diagnosis included SLE because of multi-system disease and autoimmune phenomena, especially positive antinuclear antibodies. Serum samples from 151 consecutive patients with AIDS or ARC were examined and 19 with low titer-positive antinuclear antibodies were found (17 at 1:20 and two at 1:160). These observations suggest that SLE and human immunodeficiency virus infection may share clinical and serologic features. PMID- 3257354 TI - How a chronically ill mother manages. PMID- 3257355 TI - Northeast jobfocus. American genesis. PMID- 3257356 TI - Cytochemical demonstration of constitutive H2O2 production by macrophages in synovial tissue from rats with adjuvant arthritis. AB - Generation of toxic oxygen metabolites by inflammatory cells is considered to be one of the mechanisms by which inflammation produces tissue injury. This concept is based on in vitro studies of purified leukocyte populations because it has not been possible to assess production of these metabolites in tissues. In order to determine whether or not inflammatory cells in tissue generate H2O2, the authors modified an earlier cytochemical method for the localization of H2O2. The incubation medium consists of 0.5 mM CeCl3 in a Hepes-buffered balanced salt solution with Cl- as the only anion. Synovial tissue from the knees of normal and 16-day adjuvant arthritic rats was incubated in this medium for 30 minutes and then fixed and processed for electron microscopy. No H2O2 reaction product was visible in normal synovium. In contrast, patchy deposits of H2O2 reaction product were seen adjacent to a subpopulation of synovial lining macrophages in synovium from inflamed knee joints. These data show that rat synovial macrophages are capable of generating H2O2 when appropriately stimulated and that such a stimulus is present in adjuvant arthritis. PMID- 3257357 TI - Contractile activation and recovery in skinned frog muscle stimulated by ionic substitution. AB - Contractile activation of skinned (sarcolemma removed) skeletal muscle fibers stimulated by ionic substitution has been studied. Stimulating solutions contained varying amounts of Cl- and K+ with the [K+] x [Cl-] product kept constant at 368 mM2. Activation is a graded function of the ionic content of the stimulating solution. Mechanical threshold is reached when the [Cl-] is changed from 4 to 6.5 mM. Maximal activation occurs at 20 mM Cl-. After stimulation, fibers do not respond to a second stimulus unless allowed to recover. Contractile height reaches 50% of control levels after 30 s in the standard recovery solution (4 mM Cl). Full recovery is reached after approximately 2-4 min. The degree of contractile recovery after a constant interval (30 s) depends on the ionic composition of the recovery solution. Contractile recovery decreases 50% when the [Cl-] of the recovery solution is raised from 4 to 5.5 mM. The activation and recovery phenomena described for skinned fibers stimulated by ionic substitution are similar to those described for intact cells stimulated by elevated [K+]. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that depolarization of resealed transverse tubules triggers release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned fibers. PMID- 3257358 TI - A model of the distribution and metabolism of corticotropin-releasing factor. AB - The aim of this study is the selection of the number of compartments required for a model to represent the distribution and metabolism of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in rats. The dynamics of labeled rat CRF were measured in plasma for seven rats after a rapid injection. The sampling schedule resulted from the combination of the two D-optimal sampling sets of times corresponding to both rival models. This protocol improved the numerical identifiability of the parameters and consequently facilitated the selection of the relevant model. A three-compartment model fits adequately to the seven individual dynamics and better represents four of them compared with the lower-order model. It was demonstrated, using simulations in which the measurement errors and the interindividual variability of the parameters are included, that his four-to seven ratio of data sets is consistent with the relevance of the three compartment model for every individual kinetic data set. Kinetic and metabolic parameters were then derived for each individual rat, their values being consistent with the prolonged effects of CRF on pituitary-adrenocortical secretion. PMID- 3257359 TI - Delayed extra-adrenal epinephrine secretion after bilateral adrenalectomy in rats. AB - Regulated systemic extra-adrenal epinephrine secretion has been demonstrated in long-term bilaterally adrenalectomized humans. To determine whether this is demonstrable immediately after adrenalectomy and therefore presumably ongoing when the adrenal medullas are intact or if it develops over time after the adrenal medullas are removed, we measured plasma catecholamine concentrations before and serially after bilateral adrenalectomy with cortical reimplantation in rats. We found plasma epinephrine concentrations to decrease from 244 +/- 41 pg/ml to levels that were not convincingly detectable, using a single-isotope derivative assay with a detection limit of 10 pg/ml, for up to 1 wk after bilateral adrenalectomy with cortical reimplantation. Plasma epinephrine concentrations increased thereafter, becoming detectable in all animals and averaging 31 +/- 6 pg/ml 4 wk after adrenalectomy. Thus extra-adrenal epinephrine secretion appears to be a delayed response to removal of the adrenal medullas and cannot be assumed to be ongoing when the adrenal medullas are intact. PMID- 3257360 TI - Effect of changes in extracellular Cl on intracellular Cl activity in frog skin. AB - Intracellular Cl activity was measured in isolated frog skin (Rana pipiens) with double-barrel microelectrodes. The initial rate of Cl uptake was measured in Cl depleted cells on reexposure to Cl on apical or basolateral side. In skins with high and low conductance, cell CL activity increased 1.33 and 0.14 mM/s with apical reexposure and 5.03 and 0.30 mM/s with basolateral reexposure, respectively. The initial Cl uptake was reduced on the apical side by 93% with 10(-3) M DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid) and on the basolateral side by 99% with 10(-3) M SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene 2,2'-disulfonic acid) plus 10(-5) M bumetanide. The initial rate of Cl loss was measured when Cl was removed from the bath: addition of HCO3 to Cl- and HCO3-free solution caused an acceleration of Cl loss in absence but not in presence of DIDS on apical side. In contrast, Cl loss across the basolateral side was not enhanced by HCO3. In conclusion, Na-transporting cells have a substantial Cl permeability on both sides. HCO3-stimulated Cl loss provides evidence for Cl-HCO3 exchange and permits localization of this process in apical cell membranes of granular cells. PMID- 3257362 TI - The influence of fentanyl and tracheal intubation on the hemodynamic effects of anesthesia induction with propofol/N2O in humans. PMID- 3257361 TI - In vitro effect of fresh frozen plasma on the activated coagulation time in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The in vitro effect of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) on the whole blood activated coagulation time (ACT) was examined in 18 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The addition of FFP to whole blood in vitro, after systemic heparinization, significantly prolonged the ACT from 451 +/- 21 seconds (mean +/- SE) to 572 +/- 41 seconds (P less than 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the plasma antithrombin III activity and the prolongation in ACT after systemic heparinization, with or without addition of FFP. The addition of FFP to whole blood in three of the six patients who exhibited heparin resistance (ACT less than 400 seconds after administration of 350 unit/kg heparin) did not prolong the ACT to greater than 400 seconds. These observations suggest that infusion of FFP will further prolong the ACT after heparin administration in most patients including some with initial heparin resistance. PMID- 3257363 TI - Prolonged sinus arrest following coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 3257364 TI - Attenuation of endothelium-mediated vasodilation by halothane. AB - To determine whether halothane alters endothelium-mediated vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle, isolated ring preparations of rabbit aorta and canine femoral and carotid arteries were suspended for isometric tension recordings in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution at 37 degrees C. Acetylcholine and bradykinin have been shown to relax these norepinephrine contracted arteries via an endothelium-dependent process. In this study, these relaxations were reversibly and significantly attenuated by 2% halothane. However, halothane did not affect relaxations caused by nitroglycerin, which, in these vessels, acts by an endothelium independent mechanism. These results suggest that halothane is not interfering with cyclic guanylate-monophosphate mediated relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, but may interfere with the synthesis, release, or transport of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor. In addition, during contractions evoked by norepinephrine, halothane caused significant decreases in tension in both the canine carotid and rabbit aortic preparations, but increased tension in the femoral artery rings. These effects were not altered by mechanical removal of the endothelium. These results suggest a direct action of halothane on the vascular smooth muscle, which can result in either an increase or decrease in tension, depending on the specific vessel. In addition to its direct vascular effect, this study suggests a new action of halothane; it interferes with endothelium-derived relaxing factor-mediated relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. This action may contribute in part to the vascular alterations seen clinically during administration of halothane. PMID- 3257365 TI - Adverse drug reaction processing in the United States and its dependence on physician reporting: zomepirac (Zomax) as a case in point. AB - Because of limited premarket testing for drugs newly approved by the FDA, serious but rare side effects may not be apparent or publicized by the drug manufacturers. Therefore, only the timely reporting of adverse drug reactions by physicians, along with rapid recognition of the significance by the FDA, can ensure the effectiveness of the FDA Spontaneous Reporting System as a warning to other prescribing physicians. The experience with zomepirac (Zomax) and the unexpected incidence of severe anaphylactic reactions is recanted as an unfortunate illustrated example that has served to upgrade the adverse reaction reporting process. PMID- 3257366 TI - Post-traumatic acute obstructive hydrocephalus. AB - Two cases of acute obstructive hydrocephalus from intraventricular hemorrhage following head injury are presented. Each patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident and sustained closed-head trauma. Computed tomography scans revealed a fourth ventricular hematoma with obstructive hydrocephalus in each case, and both cases required emergency ventricular drainage to manage acute cerebrospinal fluid hypertension. Ventriculostomy resulted in complete recovery in the first case; however, the second patient eventually underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting. One patient manifested an eight-hour lucid interval prior to neurologic deterioration. PMID- 3257367 TI - Atypical epiglottitis. AB - Early diagnosis of acute epiglottitis may be difficult in the child presenting atypically. The cases of four patients who displayed atypical presentation are reported. The initial diagnosis in three children was croup and in one, pharyngitis. In the fourth patient, a child who had coexisting meningitis, epiglottitis was an incidental finding. All patients recovered with no sequelae. PMID- 3257368 TI - Different types of cytotoxic lymphocytes recovered from the lungs of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - To better characterize the cytotoxic lymphocytes present in the lung of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), we studied cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 5 subjects with farmer's lung disease. Specifically, this cytotoxic activity was evaluated: (1) in resting conditions and after boosting with interleukin-2 (IL-2) against NK-sensitive, NK-insensitive target cell lines, and against specific antigen-sensitized (Micropolyspora faenl) autologous monocytes; (2) after removal of NK-related populations; (3) in blocking experiments with CD3 and CD2 monoclonal antibodies. It has been demonstrated that lung lymphocytes from patients with HP in resting conditions are able to lyse both NK-susceptible and NK-resistant targets and that IL-2 is able to induce BAL cells to generate lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity. Neither resting nor activated HP lung lymphocytes were capable of specific lysis of autologous monocytes previously sensitized with specific antigen. Removal of HNK-1+ or CD16+ cells reduces, but does not completely eliminate the cytotoxic function, whereas blocking with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody almost completely abolishes the cytotoxicity. All these data taken together suggest that different types of cytotoxic cells are recovered from the BAL of patients with HP, i.e., NK cells and non-MHC-restricted cytotoxic lymphocytes, including LAK cells. PMID- 3257369 TI - Vascular ectasia. Diagnosis and treatment by colonoscopy. AB - Vascular ectasia is an increasingly recognized cause of gastrointestinal tract bleeding in the elderly. Colonoscopy is assuming an important role in diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. The records of 30 patients who had a diagnosis of vascular ectasia made by colonoscopy have been retrospectively reviewed. The 30 patients included 14 men and 16 women whose median age was 70 years (range, 54 to 89 years). All patients had vascular ectasia of the cecum or ascending colon or both, five patients (16.7%) had multiple lesions, and 18 patients (60%) had associated cardiac, vascular, pulmonary, or renal disease. Of the 27 patients who presented with gastrointestinal tract bleeding, 13 (48.1%) underwent endoscopic fulguration, nine (33.3%) underwent resection, and seven (25.9%) were treated conservatively. Endoscopic fulguration was definitive treatment in 11 of the 27 patients (40.7%). A positive histologic diagnosis of vascular ectasia was made in nine of 15 patients (60%) in whom endoscopic biopsy was performed. In the hands of an experienced endoscopist, colonoscopy is a safe and effective way of diagnosing vascular ectasia and is potentially therapeutic. Endoscopic coagulation should be attempted before operation in patients with chronic anemia, limited bleeding, or concomitant severe medical disease. PMID- 3257370 TI - Anti-Ro (SSA) and anti-La (SSB) antibodies in lupus erythematosus and in Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 3257371 TI - The relationship between anti-Ro (SS-A) antibody-positive Sjogren's syndrome and anti-Ro (SS-A) antibody-positive lupus erythematosus. AB - Ten Ro(SS-A) antibody-positive patients with Sjogren's syndrome and lupus erythematosus are described. These patients have a disease process characterized by the frequent appearance of annular polycyclic lupus lesions of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), as well as neurologic and pulmonary disease. The Ro(SS-A) antibody-positive patients may have Sjogren's syndrome for many years and then suddenly develop lupus erythematosus, and vice versa. These studies demonstrate that the patient with Ro(SS-A) antibody may exhibit a dynamic clinical disease expression over time and that there is a closer pathologic relationship between Sjogren's syndrome and SCLE in these patients with Ro(SS-A) antibody than has previously been appreciated. Furthermore, Ro(SS-A)-positive patients with Sjogren's syndrome and lupus erythematosus appear to have a much more guarded prognosis than those Ro(SS-A)-positive lupus patients described under the classifications of antinuclear antibody-negative lupus erythematosus and SCLE. PMID- 3257372 TI - Health effects of sunlight exposure in the United States. Results from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1974. AB - The dermatologic component of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 20,637), conducted from 1971 through 1974, documented the deleterious effect of ultraviolet radiation on selected skin and eye conditions. Actinic skin damage was more frequent in white men with high as compared with low sunlight exposure, 36.7% vs 23.3%, respectively. Among white women, the corresponding figures were 34.1% vs 18.6%, respectively. Actinic damage was found more often in individuals with light eye color. Basal cell epitheliomas were found in 11.3% of white men aged 65 to 74 years who had severely actinic-damaged skin as compared with 1.0% of those with undamaged skin. Sunlight exposure was positively associated with localized hypomelanism, localized hypermelanism, seborrheic keratoses, senile lentigines, freckles, acne rosacea, spider nevi, varicose veins, venus star, dry skin, wrinkled skin, pterygia, arcus senilis, and a variety of minor oral lesions of the tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa. These findings suggest that a large number of dermatologic conditions, which may in part result from overexposure to sunlight, may be preventable. PMID- 3257373 TI - Biological effects of epidermal growth factor and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin on developmental parameters of neonatal mink. PMID- 3257374 TI - Surgical management of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Spontaneous pneumothorax has been reported with increasing frequency in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. In the past year, we treated 4 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. All of them were treated with closed tube thoracostomy, and 1 patient with bilateral apical cysts eventually required bilateral thoracotomies and pleurectomies. Only 1 patient had an uncomplicated hospital course. The remaining patients had prolonged air leaks, and 2 had synchronous pneumothoraces. Pneumothorax appears to be associated with P. carinii pneumonia. We recommend closed tube thoracostomy as the initial treatment in symptomatic patients. Pleurectomy for air leaks persisting longer than seven days can be safely performed in patients fit for thoractomy. PMID- 3257375 TI - Comparative study between two prophylactic antibiotic regimens of cefamandole during coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - In two groups of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), two different regimens of antibiotic prophylaxis with cefamandole nafate were compared. In Group 1, 30 mg per kilogram of body weight was administered intravenously during induction of anesthesia. In Group 2, a second dose of 15 mg/kg was administered intravenously shortly before cannulation. Serum and tissue levels in the right atrium, the pericardium, and the sternum were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The results showed that in Group 2 the serum levels were significantly higher from 48 minutes onward after induction and remained at an acceptable level during CABG. The tissue levels in the sternum and pericardium were also significantly higher in Group 2 compared with Group 1. It is concluded that a second dose of cefamandole (15 mg/kg) shortly before the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass is recommended, particularly for high-risk patients. PMID- 3257376 TI - Preoperative aspirin ingestion increases operative blood loss after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Thirty-four patients were entered into a non-blinded, randomized study to test the effect of preoperative aspirin ingestion on postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements after coronary artery bypass grafting. Sixteen patients in the aspirin-treated group had significantly increased chest-tube blood loss 12 hours after operation (1,513 +/- 978 versus 916 +/- 482 ml; p = 0.038). In addition, aspirin users had significantly increased requirements for postoperative packed red blood cells (4.4 +/- 3.5 versus 1.8 +/- 1.3 units; p = 0.014), platelets (1.3 +/- 1.3 versus 0.2 +/- 0.4 six-donor units, p = 0.0049), and fresh-frozen plasma (3.6 +/- 5.0 versus 0.78 +/- 1.6 units; p = 0.042) transfusions. The only patients requiring reoperation for bleeding were in the aspirin-treated group (2 patients). Six patients were not entered into the randomized part of the study because of excessively prolonged post-aspirin bleeding times (greater than 10 minutes). This finding suggests that a subset of patients are particularly sensitive to aspirin and have significantly prolonged bleeding times after aspirin ingestion. We conclude that aspirin ingestion increases postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements, and we recommend discontinuation of aspirin therapy before cardiac procedures. PMID- 3257377 TI - Simultaneous repair of severe pectus excavatum and aortic valve replacement following previous open-heart surgery. AB - A 60-year-old man with a severe degree of pectus excavatum and previous coronary artery surgery required aortic valve replacement. At operation the sternal wires were found to be densely adherent to the aortic wall. We describe the surgical technique, which was carried out uneventfully. PMID- 3257378 TI - Attitudes of medical residents regarding intensive care for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We recently surveyed the medical house staff at the University of California, San Francisco, and found that residents had a good understanding of the poor prognosis of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who require intensive care for respiratory failure, and tended to favor early discussions with patients regarding resuscitation and intensive care. We used the same questionnaire to survey the house staffs of four other programs varying in geography and exposure to patients with AIDS. We found a striking correlation between the number of patients with AIDS cared for by the residents, the assessment of the prognosis of patients with AIDS with P carinii pneumonia, and house-staff attitudes toward discussions about resuscitation and intensive care. The results of this study suggest that the intensity of exposure to patients with AIDS determines the assessment of prognosis, and that one or both of these factors strongly influences attitudes toward intensive care. Regardless of these attitudes, early discussion of resuscitation and intensive care between physicians and patients with AIDS and P carinii pneumonia seems warranted. PMID- 3257379 TI - Prevalence of major depression, simple phobia, and other psychiatric disorders in patients with long-standing type I diabetes mellitus. AB - To examine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with long-standing type I diabetes mellitus, we assessed a series of candidates for pancreas transplantation. Using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, six-month and lifetime prevalences of psychiatric disorders were established for the candidates and their potential donors (first-degree relatives). Excluding tobacco use disorder and psychosexual dysfunction, 38 diabetic subjects (51%) received one or more psychiatric diagnoses. The lifetime prevalence of major depression was comparable for female (11 of 48 [22.9%]) and male (seven of 27 [25.9%]) diabetics; both rates were significantly higher than rates in first-degree relatives and the general population. Among female diabetics, the six-month and lifetime prevalences of simple phobia were increased vs donors and the general population; among male diabetics, the lifetime prevalence of antisocial personality disorder was greater than that in the general population. None of these disorders was found to be related to the duration of diabetes or the presence of various complications. The data suggest that increased rates of psychiatric disorder in type I diabetics have both gender-independent and gender-related components. PMID- 3257380 TI - Oligonucleotide probing. Applications to HLA typing. AB - Human leukocyte antigen typing is currently being done by both serologic and cellular techniques. It is this methodology that forms the basis for organ transplantation, since HLA antigens are the major proteins involved in graft rejection. Matching organ graft donors with recipients at these polymorphic HLA loci clearly increases graft survival in most transplant systems. However, the serologic and cellular techniques have shortcomings, including the problem of standardizing antisera, the need for technologists with expertise in T-cell cloning, and the failure to work successfully with some cells (eg, leukemic blasts). We have begun to develop a more rapid, sensitive typing method using molecular biological techniques to tissue-type cells. Using oligonucleotide probes, we can now identify HLA-D region alleles (which may differ by only a single nucleotide) that can only be differentiated by a highly technical, lengthy cellular technique. Oligonucleotide probing not only provides the basis for a rapid method of HLA typing, which in all likelihood will become generally applicable as additional sequence information becomes available, but also allows definition of a gene transcript from an individual locus rather than the phenotypic results provided by current HLA typing techniques. PMID- 3257381 TI - Clonal ambiguity of human immunodeficiency virus-associated lymphomas. Similarity to posttransplant lymphomas. AB - Initial biopsy specimens from two patients with lymphadenopathy and human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive serum presented considerable difficulty in making specific histologic and immunologic diagnoses, although subsequent biopsy specimens revealed clear progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated lymphomas. The initial biopsy specimens revealed multifocal clusters of large blastic lymphoid cells, with some clusters showing a monoclonal lambda light chain predominance, whereas other clusters showed a kappa predominance, indicating considerable phenotypic ambiguity suggestive of polyclonality. This initial clonal ambiguity was followed within two to three months by overt histologic, phenotypic, and clinical malignant transformation to a diffuse high-grade monoclonal B-cell lymphoma. These data have significant implications for the clonality and pathogenesis of AIDS-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. AIDS-related lymphomas may evolve from an initial multiclonal B-cell expansion similar to that described in other severely immunosuppressed patients (eg, with posttransplantation lymphoma). PMID- 3257383 TI - Anti-Leu-3a antibody reactivity with Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. AB - Eleven cases of Hodgkin's disease were studied using ten monoclonal antibodies. Our findings indicated that Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin's cells were distinctly stained for HLA-DR and LN-2 in all the cases, for Leu-3a in six cases, and for Leu-M1 in eight cases. They were not stained for Leu-1, Leu-2a, Leu-4, OKT3, OKT6, or LN-1 in any of the cases. Although these results remain insufficient to find any conclusions concerning the nature of Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin's cells, Leu-3a reactivity may represent the aberrant form of T cell phenotype. Alternatively, we suggest that Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin's cells may be derived from monocyte-macrophage lineage because normal and neoplastic cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage express Pan-T antigen-/HLA DR+/Leu-3a+/OKT6- phenotype. PMID- 3257382 TI - Nodular T-cell lymphoma. Report of a case studied with morphologic, immunohistochemical, and DNA hybridization techniques. AB - An unusual malignant lymphoma with a partly nodular growth pattern was studied by morphologic, immunohistochemical, and DNA hybridization techniques. The nodular aggregates were composed of small and large, atypical lymphoid cells, and many histiocytic elements. On electron microscopy, both follicular dendritic reticulum cells and interdigitating reticulum cells were observed. Immunohistochemistry, using a broad panel of monoclonal antibodies, revealed a marked hyperplasia of dendritic reticulum cells in the nodular aggregates, and showed the atypical lymphoid cells to belong to the helper/inducer T-cell subset. The T-lineage of this nodular lymphoma was confirmed by demonstration of a clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor beta-chain genes. It is concluded that a nodular growth pattern caused by hyperplasia of follicular dendritic reticulum cells may occasionally be found in malignant lymphoma of the peripheral T-cell type. PMID- 3257384 TI - Muscle strengthening through electric stimulation combined with low-resistance weights in patients with neuromuscular disorders. AB - Ten patients with gradually progressive neuromuscular disorders underwent (1) unilateral electric stimulation of anterior tibialis muscles and (2) unilateral stimulation of quadriceps femoris muscles, in combination with voluntary knee extension against ankle weights. After electric stimulation two hours/day, five days/week for two to 14 months, the mean maximum force (muscle strength) of knee extension increased significantly (p less than 0.005), by 108% +/- 56%. The contralateral nonexercised knee extensors also showed some increase in muscle strength. Electric stimulation of ankle dorsiflexors was ineffective; the maximum force of ankle dorsiflexion increased by only 11% +/- 27% (p greater than 0.3). In general, severely weak muscles (less than 10% normal strength) did not improve with either stimulation program. Electric neuromuscular stimulation combined with low-resistance weights can significantly increase muscle strength in patients with neuromuscular disorders if disease progression is gradual and initial muscle strength is greater than 15% normal. PMID- 3257385 TI - Intramural hematoma of the duodenum. AB - Intramural duodenal hematoma in children is one of the least common injuries encountered. Because of the rarity of this problem, there has been little conformity of opinion as to the relative merits of operative vs nonoperative management. We reviewed 182 cases of this condition, of which 168 were taken from the English literature and 14 from our hospital. Pancreatitis was the most common associated intra-abdominal lesion (21%), while central nervous system, skeletal, and thoracic injuries (5%) accounted for the major extra-abdominal injuries. Hemophilia, von Willebrand's disease, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura occurred in 7 cases and played a major role in the prognosis. Of these cases, 121 patients were treated surgically and 61 conservatively. The average hospitalization was 14 days for the surgical group and 11 days for the conservative group. There were 18 complications in the surgical group. It appears that most patients with intramural duodenal hematoma would respond well to conservative management. Surgery should be reserved for those cases that remain obstructed over seven to ten days or have evidence of perforation. PMID- 3257386 TI - Adhesion-related variceal hemorrhage following sclerosis of esophageal varices. AB - A 78-year-old woman with portal hypertension had recurrent episodes of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage two months after bleeding esophageal varices had been successfully treated with endoscopic injection sclerosis. Labeled red blood cell scans and mesenteric angiographic examination allowed a preoperative diagnosis of adhesion-related varices as the cause of bleeding. The problem was successfully treated by dividing the adhesion and resecting the involved small intestine. PMID- 3257387 TI - Brain glucose metabolism in neurologically normal patients with sickle cell disease. Regional alterations. AB - Neurologic dysfunction is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the sickle cell diseases, occurring with a prevalence of 6% to 34%. Because changes in brain glucose metabolism may precede gross functional or morphologic alterations, we recently applied the technique of positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose F 18 in an exploratory study to compare six patients with sickle cell disease without prior neurologic abnormalities (and with normal cranial computed tomographic scans) with six healthy age-matched controls, with respect to overall and regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose. We found no significant difference in the global metabolic rates for the two groups. However, we observed an unusual clustering of abnormal regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose in the frontal lobes of these subjects. These results support previous observations that frontal lobe involvement may be quite prevalent in sickle cell disease, even among individuals with normal computed tomographic scans. PMID- 3257388 TI - Activation of S6 kinase in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells by submitogenic levels of thrombospondin. AB - Purified human platelet thrombospondin was shown to activate S6 kinase in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose- (1-9 micrograms/ml) and time dependent manner. Down regulation of epidermal growth factor and somatomedin C receptors by prior treatment of cells with their respective growth factors did not reduce this effect. Kinase activation by thrombospondin was only marginally reduced in the presence of platelet-derived growth factor specific antibody at levels that totally inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (5 ng/ml) induced activation. Additionally, thrombospondin elicits a rapid dose-dependent phosphoinositide turnover response analogous to that of platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor and somatomedin C. Prior treatment of cells with phorbol ester for 48 hrs in serum-free culture medium resulted in a small enhancement of S6 kinase activation by thrombospondin and the above mentioned growth factors but a complete loss in the ability of phorbol ester to activate this enzyme. These findings with cultured smooth muscle cells suggest a growth factor-like role for thrombospondin. PMID- 3257389 TI - Hepatic N-acetyltransferases: selective inactivation in vivo by a carcinogenic N arylhydroxamic acid. AB - N-Hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene (N-OH-AAF), a carcinogenic N-arylhydroxamic acid, is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity in vitro. The present study demonstrates that intraperitoneal administration of N-OH-AAF to hamsters caused an irreversible reduction of the hepatic transacetylase activity that catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group from N-OH-AAF to 4-aminoazobenzene (AAB), but did not affect the acetyl coenzyme A (CoASAc) dependent NAT that is responsible for acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). A 40% loss of N-OH-AAF:AAB transacetylase activity occurred 4 hr after administration of 50 mg/kg of N-OH-AAF. To determine whether biotransformation of N-OH-AAF is a factor in determining its ability to inactivate N-OH-AAF:AAB transacetylase activity in vivo, the enzyme-inducing agent phenobarbital and the esterase/acylamidase inhibitor bis(p nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) were administered to the animals prior to the administration of N-OH-AAF. The loss of N-OH-AAF:AAB transacetylase activity was prevented by treatment of the animals with either phenobarbital or with BNPP. The ability of the esterase/acylamidase inhibitor, BNPP, to prevent the N-OH-AAF mediated loss of transacetylase activity indicates that, in contrast to the inactivation process in vitro, esterase-catalyzed deacetylation of N-OH-AAF may be required for transacetylase inactivation in vivo. It is proposed that in vivo the endogenous acetyl donor, CoASAc, acetylates the enzyme and prevents the deacetylation of N-OH-AAF by NAT, thereby impeding the N-OH-AAF-mediated inactivation process, but facilitating enzyme inactivation by N-hydroxy-2 aminofluorene. The latter proposal was supported by the demonstration that CoASAc inhibited the in vitro inactivation of N-OH-AAF:AAB transacetylase activity by N OH-AAF. PMID- 3257390 TI - The interaction of metyrapone and alpha-naphthoflavone with rat olfactory cytochrome P-450. PMID- 3257391 TI - Fibrinopeptide A during normal pregnancy. AB - Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) is the first peptide released from fibrinogen upon thrombin action. Plasma FPA is cleared rapidly with a first order kinetics and therefore its level reflects the rate of thrombin cleavage of fibrinogen. A prospective study was undertaken to establish normal values of FPA during pregnancy. The mean FPA for the pregnant group (n = 136) was 2.8 ng/ml (SD = 3.3) while it was 1.24 ng/ml (SD = 0.4) for a nonpregnant control group of healthy women (n = 30). The median FPA for the pregnant group was 2.2 ng/ml and 1.4 ng/ml for the nonpregnant group (Wilcoxon test P less than 0.0001). Plasma FPA levels increased with gestational age. The median value was 1.5 ng/ml in the first trimester (n = 18), 1.8 ng/ml in the second trimester (n = 40), and 2.5 ng/ml in the third trimester (n = 78). Plasma FPA concentrations in the third trimester were significantly higher than in the first and second trimester. These findings suggest increased thrombin activity and fibrin generation during the course of normal pregnancy. PMID- 3257392 TI - Safe use of propofol in a patient with acute intermittent porphyria. AB - On two occasions a patient suffering from acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) was anaesthetized with propofol as the sole agent. The concentrations of urinary porphobilinogen, porphyrins and porphyrin precursors did not exceed preoperative values, and no exacerbation of the disease was noted. PMID- 3257393 TI - Haemodynamic changes during anaesthesia induced and maintained with propofol. AB - The haemodynamic effects of propofol, given as a single dose of 2 mg kg-1 immediately followed by a continuous infusion of 6 mg kg-1 h-1, were studied in 10 elderly patients premedicated with lorazepam 1 mg i.v. All patients breathed room air spontaneously. Unconsciousness was successfully induced in all patients and persisted during the 60 min of the infusion. Statistically significant decreases in systolic and diastolic arterial pressures were observed 2 min after induction (28% and 19%, respectively) and during infusion (30% and 25%, respectively) and were related to decreases in systemic vascular resistance (21% following induction and 30% during infusion). Cardiac output was not affected at any time nor were stroke volume and heart rate. We conclude that the arterial hypotension associated with the induction and infusion of propofol is mainly a result of a decrease in afterload without compensatory increases in heart rate or cardiac output. PMID- 3257394 TI - Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the canine intervertebral disc. AB - Several species of cysteine proteinase inhibitors have been demonstrated in the greyhound intervertebral disc which were resolved into four species (Mr 15,800, 16,600, 17,200 and 17,800) by gelatin-SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Reductive alkylation did not affect their inhibitory capability nor their electrophoretic migration on gelatin-SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The cysteine proteinase inhibitors from the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus were identical as assessed by the aforementioned criteria, although the level in the nucleus was found to be higher than that in the annulus. Ion-exchange chromatography demonstrated distinct acidic and basic forms of the disc cysteine proteinase inhibitor. The latter species was the most abundant and its Mr was determined to be 16,900 by gelatin-SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both forms were shown to be strongly inhibitory against the cysteine proteinases, papain and ficin, but were less strongly inhibitory against cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1). Presumably these disc cysteine proteinase inhibitors play a regulatory role in the metabolism of proteoglycans and collagen by endogenous cysteine proteinases. PMID- 3257395 TI - Complete release of adenosine deaminase from mouse lymphocytes stabilized by low pH acetate. AB - Complete release of adenosine deaminase from mouse lymphocytes takes place when intact cells are stabilized by low-pH acetate buffer. Both the low pH and the acetate affect the enzyme extraction markedly. At pH 5.0 all the adenosine deaminase activity detectable in the whole cell homogenates is released into the acetate buffer in very few minutes, with a total amount of 2% protein being extracted. The complete extraction of the enzyme activity is never observed when, at pH 5.0, the acetate is replaced by glutamate, citrate, succinate or maleate and only 45% and 15% of the adenosine deaminase activity is extracted by the acetate at pH 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. The breakdown of adenosine by the enzyme activity extracted from the stabilized cells is due to deamination alone, since inosine is the only product of the catalyzed reaction and its formation is completely inhibited by coformycin, a selective inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The enzyme extracted shows a specific activity 50-times higher than that found in the crude homogenates, and a substantial purification of the enzyme extracted is achieved by a single Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. PMID- 3257396 TI - Cell cycle progression of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induced to differentiate by TPA. AB - The cell cycle transition and differentiation-associated surface antigen expression was studied in a clone of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) with phenotypic properties similar to those of resting B lymphocytes. Differentiation was induced with TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate) and defined and quantitated by morphological and functional markers. Changes in the cell cycle position were determined by flow cytometry of acridine orange-stained cells. The uninduced B-CLL cells represented a homogeneous population with the same cell cycle position (GO) as resting normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. After five days of TPA stimulation, 56% of the B-CLL cells were found in G1A, 9% in G1B, and 3% in the S + G2/M phase, of which 2% was accounted to proliferating T cells. The cell cycle transition of the differentiating B-CLL cells was also examined using cell cycle-associated surface antigens as markers. HLA-DR and CD23 antigens were present already on noninduced cells. The former had a high constant expression, while the amount of CD23 increased upon induction. The 4F2 antigen was absent on noninduced cells but present on 86% of the induced cells. HH1 (CD37) was expressed by the majority of the cells before TPA treatment and decreased to almost undetectable levels within 24 hours. Two antigens related to late stages of the cell cycle, the interleukin 2 (IL 2; CD25) and the transferrin receptor, were present on about 20% of the induced cells. Experiments with enriched T cells showed that T but not B cells incorporated 3H-thymidine. Taken together these results and previous work on the induction of the protooncogene c myc and c-fos suggest that this B-CLL clone represents GO cells that undergo differentiation without concomitant proliferation when exposed to TPA. PMID- 3257397 TI - Assessment of proliferation during maturation of the B lymphoid lineage in normal human bone marrow. AB - Different stages of B lymphoid maturation were identified in normal bone marrow using multiple cell surface markers. The proliferation status of each of these maturational stages was determined by simultaneous quantitative DNA analysis on a flow cytometer. The technique used to quantify these parameters preserved the cell surface immunofluorescence, the light scattering properties and the stoichiometric binding to DNA. The proliferating cells were confined to a distinct population of cells expressing CD10. The number of proliferating cells in these populations was relatively constant among 12 separate bone marrow samples. The data suggest that the timing and rate of proliferation of cells within a single lineage may be a preprogrammed aspect of normal maturation. PMID- 3257398 TI - Stimulation of chondrocyte DNA synthesis by interleukin-1. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1)-containing conditioned media (CM) from activated guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages were found to stimulate the DNA synthesis of rat epiphyseal chondrocytes in vitro. Sephadex G 150 chromatography revealed that the chondrocyte-stimulating activity was molecularly heterogeneous, with apparent molecular ratios of 16,000-21,000 (16-21K), 45-50K, 80-90K, and more than 100K. The IL-1 activity, as estimated by a murine thymocyte activation assay, co-eluted with the 16-21K chondrocyte-stimulating peak, indicating that IL-1 might stimulate the DNA synthesis of chondrocytes in vitro. This assumption was verified in experiments demonstrating a dose-dependent stimulation of chondrocyte DNA synthesis by recombinant human IL-1 alpha. CM from resting and proliferating chondrocytes lacked detectable IL-1 activity, speaking against an autocrine role of IL-1 in epiphyseal cartilage growth. The results suggest that IL-1, in addition to its other effects in inflammatory responses, also acts as a chondrocyte growth factor. This might be one mechanism behind the reactive formation of cartilage in inflamed joints and the increased longitudinal bone growth often seen in affected limbs of children with arthritis. PMID- 3257400 TI - The attraction of magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging is a new diagnostic technique. Its current application to rheumatology is in regional imaging, where it is at least as sensitive as CT scanning. Future research may reveal a role in histological analysis, to supersede invasive techniques. The limitations of this technique are discussed. PMID- 3257399 TI - Anti La(SSB) identifies a distinctive subgroup of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The relevance of antibodies for La(SSB) as a marker of a distinctive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) subset was studied in 185 lupus patients. Anti La was detected in 39 (21%) and was accompanied invariably by anti Ro. Clinically, anti La-positive patients were distinguished by a later age of disease onset, and a low frequency of lupus nephritis. In common with other anti Ro-positive patients they showed a high frequency of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Anti La identified patients with higher titres of anti Ro antibodies and was significantly associated with HLA-DR3. Serological markers such as these are useful for identifying more homogeneous populations of SLE patients for studies of aetiology and pathogenesis. PMID- 3257401 TI - Severe cervical ankylosis--DISH, AS or what? PMID- 3257402 TI - Recurrence of varices after oesophageal transection: intra-operative and postoperative assessment by endoscopy. AB - Intra-operative and postoperative endoscopy were used in 16 patients with portal hypertension to investigate whether intra-operative elimination of oesophageal varices by oesophageal transection with devascularization leads to prevention of variceal recurrence and rebleeding. Intra-operative elimination of the varices was achieved in 12 patients. In ten patients the varices recurred and in two cases rebled, during the follow-up period of 6-43 months (average 25 months). Of the ten patients with recurrent varices, eight (including the two who bled acutely in the postoperative period) successfully underwent endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. Postoperative endoscopy was performed at 5-monthly intervals. It is concluded that intra-operative elimination of the varices will not prevent recurrence and that a closer follow-up using endoscopy more than three times a year is a significant aid in the management of these patients. PMID- 3257403 TI - Efficacy of incorporating cyclosporine into liposomes to reduce its nephrotoxicity. AB - A preparation of cyclosporine (CsA) in liposomes was tested in the rat to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing CsA nephrotoxicity. The drug was injected intravenously in unilaterally nephrectomized Lewis rats at a daily dose of 25 mg/kg for 14 days, either in a cremophore solution (eight rats) or in a preparation of liposomes (eight rats). Another group of four animals received the cremophore solution alone. Overall, rats treated with the CsA-liposome preparation had reduced toxicity, exhibiting better survival rates and less weight loss than those treated with the CsA-cremophore. Incorporating CsA into liposomes induced a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in the otherwise progressive increase of serum creatinine during week 2 of the experiment. Following administration of CsA-liposome preparation, epithelial cells of the proximal renal tubules appeared morphologically normal, without evidence of vacuolization, which is characteristic of CsA nephrotoxicity and was seen in the CsA-cremophore group. Although the exact mechanism is not clearly understood, it is likely that the tissue distribution of CsA, when incorporated into liposomes, is modified in favour of the reticuloendothelial cells, thereby sparing highly sensitive, but non-target organs such as the kidneys. PMID- 3257404 TI - Lennert's lymphoma. A clinicopathologic study with emphasis on phenotype and its relationship to survival. AB - In this report we describe the results of a clinical and immunohistochemical analysis of 11 consecutive patients with the specific clinicopathologic entity of Lennert's lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma with a multifocal epithelioid histiocytic reaction [MLEH]) evaluated at the Arizona Cancer Center. Detailed immunophenotyping of ten patients showed that seven patients (73%) had an activated "novel" T-cell phenotype, indicative of peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTL). Additionally, six of these seven PTL patients had T-helper (Leu-3) antigen expression to the exclusion of T-suppressor (Leu-2) expression. Three patients, in complete contrast, had a B-cell lymphoma with monoclonal immunoglobulin expression. The B-cell MLEH were morphologically indistinguishable from T-cell MLEH. Clinically, the initial diagnosis proved difficult; ten of the 11 patients were initially misdiagnosed, most often as another lymphoid disorder or as granulomatous disease (mean delay of 10 months in diagnosis from onset of symptoms). The median survival of all patients was 20 months (1 to 45+ months) with two apparent subgroups: those who had rapid progression of disease with a median survival of 5 months, all of T-cell phenotype; and a small group whose median survival has not yet been reached, all of B-cell phenotype. Our results suggest that the immunophenotype, B-cell versus T-cell, may be a major predictor of survival, with B-cell MLEH patients having a longer survival than those of T cell type. PMID- 3257406 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia with leukemia cell infiltration into the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Five cases of untreated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) with leukemia cell infiltration into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were reported. X-ray findings of the GI tract showed diffuse abnormal mucosal patterns throughout the GI tract in all five patients. Endoscopic findings corresponded well with the x-ray findings. Pathologic examination of biopsied specimens from all five patients revealed diffuse and extensive leukemic infiltration into the stomach and/or the large intestine. PMID- 3257405 TI - Interleukin-2 induces cytotoxic activity in lymphocytes from regional axillary nodes of breast cancer patients. AB - Natural killer (NK) cells and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells have been involved in immunosurveillance against tumors. A normal NK activity was observed in peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNC) from women with breast cancer, but a very low or absent NK cytotoxicity was found in the regional lymph node (RLN) MNC. However, strong cytotoxic activity against NK-resistant and NK sensitive target cells can be induced in RLN MNC by long-term (5-day) incubation with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). This cytotoxic inducer effect of rIL-2, not observed with recombinant interferon gamma, was dose and time-dependent and was not associated with modifications in the low number of Leu 11+ or Leu 7+ cells present in the population. Both the lack of NK activity and the generation of rIL-2-activated killer cells can be readily demonstrated in either histologically affected or unaffected RLN. These results stress the value of the immunomodulators inducing cytotoxic activity in RLN MNC of patients with tumors, and are discussed in association with their possible therapeutical role. PMID- 3257407 TI - Nonabsorbable radioactive material in the treatment of carcinomas by local injections. AB - Nonabsorbable radioactive material was used in treating malignant lesions by local injection. One hundred thirty-five Lewis Wistar rats were inoculated subcutaneously with tumor cells. After 7 days, the rats grew tumors of approximately 1 X 1 X 1 cm at the injection site. The rats then were divided into two groups; 50% were kept as a control group while the other 50% received single injections of 1 mCi yttrium 90 (90Y) microspheres directly into the center of the tumor. This study shows a significant reduction of the tumor growth rate in treated animals. Tumor sizes after 4 days averaged 1.31 ml in the treated rats and 9.74 ml in the control group. Excluding animals that had complete regression of the tumor, treated rats lived an average of 30.8 days from the day of treatment compared with the control rats, which lived an average of 17.4 days. Pathology examinations showed no effects from injected radioactive materials in the liver, bone marrow or the kidney. Examination of the injected area after 6 months showed that microspheres remained locally and that the tumor was replaced with collagen tissue. PMID- 3257408 TI - Synergy of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 2 in the activation of human cytotoxic lymphocytes: effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 2 in the generation of human lymphokine-activated killer cell cytotoxicity. AB - Human lymphocytes can respond to interleukin 2 (IL-2) under serum-free conditions with generation of major histocompatibility locus-unrestricted oncolytic activity. This function has been named lymphokine activated killing (LAK). Although IL-2 is sufficient for the development of LAK, this function can be regulated positively by the addition of tumor necrosis factor alpha or beta (TNF alpha or -beta). The cytotoxic synergy observed with TNF enables production of optimal LAK function at a 10-fold lower IL-2 concentration. Neither TNF-alpha nor -beta is able to induce LAK function in the absence of IL-2. Using TNF-alpha as a model, we demonstrate that (a) the cytotoxic synergy occurs with both fresh human tumors and cell lines; (b) the degree of IL-2/TNF-alpha synergy, for most peripheral blood lymphocyte donors, is dependent upon the IL-2 concentration used for activation with the most striking synergy observed at lower IL-2 doses; (c) synergy is specific for TNF-alpha and can be abrogated by neutralizing antibody against this cytokine; (d) addition of high-dose neutralizing antibody to IL-2 alone-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes can reduce the cytotoxicity capacity of these effectors suggesting an immunoregulatory role for endogenous TNF-alpha; and (e) TNF-alpha addition to IL-2-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes does not increase proliferation or cell recovery but does result in enhanced IL-2 receptor expression. Collectively, our results suggest that TNF alpha (and -beta) have immunopotentiating roles in the amplification of non-major histocompatibility locus-restricted lymphocyte effector function. PMID- 3257409 TI - Effects of steroid hormones and peptide growth factors on protooncogene c-fos expression in human breast cancer cells. AB - To investigate if the estrogen control of the tumorigenic phenotype of breast cancer cells was mediated through activation of the c-fos protooncogene, we examined the expression of this oncogene in MCF-7 cells. In cells synchronized by double thymidine blockade, the peptide growth factors transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor increased c-fos mRNA levels 6-fold above controls after 30 min of treatment. The phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, increased c-fos mRNA levels 4- to 5-fold above control. 17 beta Estradiol, a growth stimulator, increased c-fos mRNA levels less than 2-fold above control levels, while progesterone, vitamin D3, dihydrotestosterone, and dexamethasone had little effect on c-fos mRNA levels. In contrast, 17 beta estradiol treatment initially diminished the c-myc RNA level after 30 min of treatment and resulted in an elevation of c-myc by 2.5 h after initiation of treatment. We conclude that c-fos induction in these cells is growth related and accompanies stimulation by transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor. 17 beta-Estradiol, on the other hand, induced much smaller increases in c fos mRNA levels, suggesting an alternative or more complex mechanism of cellular stimulation. PMID- 3257410 TI - Expression of the human T-cell-specific tyrosine kinase YT16 (lck) message in leukemic T-cell lines. AB - To evaluate the role of the human T-cell-specific tyrosine kinase lck (YT16), we measured the levels of lck expression in thymocytes, peripheral T-cells, and leukemia T-cell lines which are arrested at different stages of thymic differentiation. The results indicate that higher levels of the lck message can be found in total thymocytes and T-cells arrested at Stage III (thymocytes that have rearranged their alpha, beta, and gamma chain T-cell receptor genes). A 20 fold lower level of these transcripts, however, can be found in cells derived from Stage I cells (thymocytes with germline alpha, beta, and gamma genes), 4 times less messages in Stage II cells (thymocytes with rearranged gamma and beta chain genes, but with germline alpha chain genes), and a 4-fold lower amount of RNA in Stage IV cells (mature lymphocytes). Culture of these cells with a variety of inducing reagents indicated that leukemia cell lines of only Stages I and II can be induced to increase their levels of YT16 expression by the addition of tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. These results suggest that there may be a developmental regulation of these tyrosine kinase messages during T-cell ontogeny. The high level of these transcripts in more mature T-cell leukemia lines suggests that they may primarily play a role in the proliferative controls of these cells. PMID- 3257411 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cells in rats: analysis of tissue and strain distribution, ontogeny, and target specificity. AB - The coculture of lymphoid cells from Fischer 344 rats with recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL-2) resulted in the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Maximal LAK activity was obtained between 200 and 1000 units/ml rIL 2. Lymphoid cells from spleen, thymus, bone marrow, peripheral blood, and lymph nodes were able to generate LAK activity although the kinetics and magnitudes of the responses were appreciably different among these tissues. Thus, while spleen and blood lymphocytes responded quickly (by day 3) and gave the highest level of LAK activity in response to rIL-2, bone marrow and thymus cells responded only by 7 to 9 days in culture. LAK activity could be generated from a variety of rat strains regardless of whether there were high or low levels of endogenous splenic natural killer (NK) activity, but the early (day 3) response was lower in the strains with low levels of NK activity. Cells with LAK activity could lyse a variety of tumor targets including fresh ascites or fresh syngeneic solid tumor explants but could not lyse fresh normal cells including syngeneic fibroblasts, peripheral blood lymphocytes, bone marrow cells, thymocytes, or T,B blasts. The generation of LAK activity required a concomitant proliferative response and could be completely abrogated by mitomycin C, actinomycin D, or X-irradiation above 500 rads. These treatments, however, did not affect natural killer activity or short-term (4 h) IL-2-boosted NK activity. LAK activity could be generated from spleen cells obtained from rats as early as 10 days of age but could not be generated from unfractionated neonatal spleen, neonatal liver, or peritoneal macrophages. The ontogeny of the development of splenic LAK activity correlated closely to the development of concurrent natural killer activity. When mixed with an NK-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma (MADB106) and adoptively transferred to normal syngeneic recipients in standard Winn-type assays, LAK cells were effective at inducing complete tumor inhibition. PMID- 3257412 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cells in rats: analysis of progenitor and effector cell phenotype and relationship to natural killer cells. AB - The progenitor and effector cell phenotype of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated in F344 rats by recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL-2) (rIL-2) were analyzed. Highly purified populations of peripheral blood large granular lymphocytes (LGL) exhaustively depleted of T-cells were fully capable of generating high levels of LAK activity by 3 to 5 days in culture while purified populations of resting T-cells devoid of LGL could not generate LAK activity. This pure population of LGL expressed surface markers characteristic of rat natural killer (NK) cells [i.e., OX8+, asialomonoganglioside (asialo-GM1+), laminin+, OX19-, R1-3B3-, W3/25-, Ia-, surface immunoglobulin negative (SIg-)]. Further evidence that NK cells were the progenitors of cells with LAK activity was obtained by treatment of spleen or peripheral blood lymphocytes with anti laminin or anti-asialo-GM1 antibodies plus complement or with the lysosomotropic agent L-leucine methyl ester. These treatments effectively depleted LGL/NK cell activity and the subsequent generation of rIL-2-induced LAK activity. Analysis of the LAK effector phenotype by cell sorting demonstrated that the majority of cells with LAK activity were OX8+, asialo-GM1+, laminin+, OX6+, OX19-, R1-3B3-, W3/25-, and SIg-. Furthermore, treatment of LAK cells with L-leucine methyl ester also significantly reduced their cytolytic activity. Thus, the LAK effector cells were also LGL and expressed surface marker characteristic of activated NK cells and not those of mature T- or B-cells. The proliferative response of rat spleen or blood lymphocytes to rIL-2 appeared to be primarily associated with LGL/NK cells since depletion of NK cells by anti-asialo-GM1 or anti-laminin antibody plus complement or by L-leucine methyl ester significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. In contrast, depletion of T cells (by anti-T-cell antibody plus complement) did not significantly affect rIL 2-induced proliferation. Similarly, T-cell-depleted, highly purified populations of LGL gave substantial proliferative responses to rIL-2. These studies clearly indicate that in the rat, the major cell population activated by rIL-2 is the LGL/NK cell and these cells appear to represent the major population of cells in blood or spleen which generate broad antitumor (LAK) cytotoxicity. PMID- 3257413 TI - Distinction of partially purified human natural killer cytotoxic factor from recombinant human tumor necrosis factor and recombinant human lymphotoxin. AB - Natural killer cell cytotoxic factor (NKCF), a cytotoxic factor contributing to human natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, was generated from lymphocyte conditioned medium using various stimuli. Crude NKCF activity was concentrated, and partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration. NKCF activities eluted as two molecular weight peaks, corresponding to Mr 33,000 43,000 (pool I) and approximately Mr 5,000 (pool II). The cytotoxic activity and target specificity of the partially purified NKCFs were found to be different from both recombinant human TNF and recombinant human lymphotoxin. In the NKCF assay, up to 10(6) units/ml of TNF and lymphotoxin had virtually no effect, whereas both NKCFs lysed 22% (range 17-33%) of the NK-sensitive target K562. In contrast, TNF and lymphotoxin were active in a standard assay against the sensitive murine L929 fibroblast cell line in all concentrations tested (10(-1) 10(6) units/ml). In addition, the effect of these cytotoxic factors in a short term (4-h) chromium-release assay using peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effector cells was tested: only NKCF (pool I), but not TNF, lymphotoxin, or low molecular weight NKCF (pool II), enhanced NK and lymphokine-activated killer cell cytolysis, both against the NK-sensitive target K562 and the NK-resistant melanoma cell line SK-MEL 30. Results were not affected in the presence of neutralizing antibodies against TNF. NKCF could, therefore, be distinguished from TNF and lymphotoxin with respect to their biological activities. PMID- 3257414 TI - Active specific immunotherapy with extracted tumor-specific transplantation antigen, cyclophosphamide, and adoptive transfer of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell clones. AB - An L3T4-, Lyt2+ tumor-specific, cloned T-lymphocyte cell line (RTT-2) was isolated from a spleen cell population harvested from C3H/HeJ mice, following in vivo immunization against a syngeneic MCA-induced fibrosarcoma (MCA-F) and in vitro restimulation with 1-butanol-extracted, isoelectrophoretically purified MCA F tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA). RTT-2 required exposure to homotypic-extracted MCA-F TSTA in combination with low-dose IL-2 to maintain its specific cytotoxic activity in vitro. In vivo local adoptive transfer of RTT-2 caused specific neutralization of homotypic MCA-F, but not heterotypic MCA-D, tumor cells. Systemic in vivo transfer of RTT-2 alone augmented host resistance. In combination with a triple regimen of weekly doses of purified TSTA (1 microgram SC) and a single ip injection of CY (20 mg/kg), adoptive transfer of RTT-2 cells (1 X 10(7)) retarded the neoplastic outgrowth in and prolonged the survival of primary hosts bearing 3-, 7-, and 14-day established MCA-F tumors. In a spontaneous pulmonary metastasis model following amputation of a tumor-bearing limb, the triple regimen of TSTA/CY/RTT-2 markedly reduced the number of lung colonies. Thus RTT-2, which displays specific tumoricidal activity in vitro and in vivo, may afford a suitable tool to dissect T-cell receptors recognizing tumor markers on 1-butanol-extracted, MCA-F TSTA. PMID- 3257415 TI - The kinetics of generation of influenza-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor cells. AB - A dramatic increase in the number of restimulatable (memory) cytolytic T-cell precursors (CTLps) has been demonstrated to occur 2 to 4 days postimmunization. By 4 or at the latest 6 days following in vivo priming, the frequency of restimulatable influenza-specific CTLps has reached that characteristic of a memory response. This indicates that the proliferative events which give rise to memory CTLps occur earlier than might have been expected and in fact are completed prior to the cessation of othe primary CTL response. Such information may have important significance to future immunomodulatory efforts aimed at perturbing the establishment of T-cell memory in vivo. PMID- 3257416 TI - Susceptibility to murine cutaneous leishmaniasis correlates with the capacity to generate interleukin 3 in response to leishmania antigen in vitro. AB - Spleen cells from genetically susceptible BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major produced higher levels of IL-3 in response to leishmania antigens or concanavalin-A in vitro compared to that of genetically resistant CBA mice throughout the course of infection. The capacity to generate IL-3 in BALB/c mice increased with disease progression. The correlation between susceptibility to L. major infection and the capacity of spleen cells to produce IL-3 also extends to other mouse strains. Thus genetically highly resistant CBA and Biozzi Low mice are low IL-3 producers, whereas the highly susceptible BALB/c and Biozzi High mice are high IL-3 producers. The resistant C57BL/10 and C3H mice produce intermediate levels of IL-3. BALB/c mice recovered from L. major infection following a sublethal dose of gamma-irradiation are refractory to further infection. The capacity of the spleen cells from these cured mice to produce IL-3 upon a challenge infection was similar to those of the resistant CBA mice. The IL 3 generated by activated T cells was measured by IL-3 dependent cell lines, 32D and FDC-P2. The spleen cells from infected BALB/c mice also contain a population of IL-3 responding cells whose number increases as disease progresses. A similar population of IL-3 responding cells was barely detectable in the resistant CBA mice or BALB/c mice rendered immune by prior gamma-irradiation. These results therefore demonstrate a direct correlation between the susceptibility to L. major infection and the capacity of splenic T cells from infected mice to produce a continuous elevated level of IL-3. The possible role of IL-3 in the immune regulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis is discussed. PMID- 3257417 TI - Synthetic peptides homologous to HIV transmembrane glycoprotein suppress normal human lymphocyte blastogenic response. AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein is synthesized as a polyprotein precursor of 160 kDa (gp 160) and is subsequently cleaved into an amino terminus subunit, gp 120, and a carboxyl terminus transmembrane subunit, gp 41. Two synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acid sequences 735-752 and 846 860, respectively, as deduced from the nucleotide sequence of HTLV-IIIB gp 160 were synthesized and used to assess their effects on normal human lymphocyte blastogenesis. Peptides 735-752 and 846-860 conjugated to protein carriers, but not free peptides, exerted a pronounced suppression of the normal human lymphocyte proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and alloantigens. A synthetic peptide homologous to a 17 amino acid sequence of the gene product of HIV trans-acting transcriptional (TAT III) gene had no suppressive effects. Peptides 735-752 and 846-860 also inhibited the IL-2-dependent proliferation of the murine CTLL-2 cell line and the PHA-induced proliferation of normal mouse spleen cells. HIV peptide induced suppression of human blastogenesis required a 2- to 3-day incubation of responder cells with peptides, suggesting that binding of peptides to the cell membrane was not sufficient for suppression. These results suggest that, in addition to the selective cytopathic effects of HIV, the etiological agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), on the T-helper/inducer lymphocyte subset, viral peptide-mediated immunosuppression may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Moreover, these data clearly indicate the need to address the potential immunosuppressive property of HIV antigens in the effort to select and develop effective prophylactic means against AIDS. PMID- 3257419 TI - The negative surface charge density is a maturation marker of human B lymphocytes. AB - Small resting B lymphocytes were highly enriched and completely depleted of all preactivated large B lymphocytes using countercurrent centrifugal elutriation and free flow electrophoresis. They required T lymphocytes, monocytes, and a mitogen to produce antibodies after 5 days of preincubation. Large activated B lymphocytes were obtained in cell fractions which were free of resting ones. They produced antibodies even in the absence of a mitogen. Two groups were distinguished, differing in their stage of differentiation and their negative surface charge density. The cells of one group had an electrophoretic mobility (EM) like resting B lymphocytes ranging from 0.85 to 0.99 X 10(-4) (cm2 V-1 s-1). They took 2 to 3 days of preincubation before they started to secrete antibodies. Interleukin 2 and pokeweed mitogen enhanced their antibody production capability. The cells of the other group had an EM between 0.99 and 1.13 X 10(-4) (cm2 V-1 s 1). They secreted antibodies even during the first day of incubation. The quantity of the antibodies which they produced depended only on the blood donor. It could not be influenced by a mitogen or by interleukin 2. The study shows that large B lymphocytes with high negative surface charge density are in a later maturation stage than those with lower negative surface charge density. PMID- 3257418 TI - Phorbol ester binding to a human lymphoblastoid B-cell line, LA350, stimulates 32P incorporation into selected phospholipids and immunoglobulin secretion. AB - Anti-mu antibody binds to surface IgM on LA350, a transformed human B-cell line, and causes the immediate (5 min) hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol (PI) into inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol followed by a subsequent (48 72 hr) increase in immunoglobulin M (IgM) production. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in a dose-dependent fashion inhibited completely the anti-mu-stimulated hydrolysis of PI and its resynthesis (PI cycle) from phosphatidic acid (PA) (P less than 0.001). Phorbol dibutyrate (PD), but not the inactive methyl ester derivative of PMA (PMA-ME), inhibited the anti-mu stimulation of the PI cycle (P less than 0.001). Conversely, PMA and PD, but not PMA-ME, stimulated in a dose dependent fashion the metabolic events consistent with an activation of a putative phosphatidylcholine (PC) cycle. For example, at 10(-8) M PMA there was a 300% increase in the acute (1 hr) incorporation of [3H]choline into PC (P less than 0.001), a 680% increase in the acute (1 hr) incorporation of 32P into PC (P less than 0.001), but no net synthesis of PC as measured by the lack of PMA stimulated incorporation of 32P into PC in LA350 prelabeled for 24 hr. Also in cells labeled to equilibrium with [3H]choline and in pulse-chase experiments we established that PMA produces a rapid incorporation of choline phosphate into PC and a rapid breakdown of PC, yielding choline metabolites released as choline itself into external medium surrounding the cell. Binding studies with [3H]PD demonstrated a dissociation constant of 20 mM and 5.3 x 10(5) total binding sites per cell. PMA was as effective as cold PD in inhibiting [3H]PD binding (P less than 0.001), but PMA-ME was ineffective. PMA and PD, but not PMA-ME, produced a similar dose-dependent (maximal at 10(-8) M) increase (300%) in immunoglobulin production as measured by either an ELISA assay or a reverse hemolytic plaque assay (P less than 0.001). Thus, activation of either the PI or the PC cycle results in significant enhancement in immunoglobulin production in LA350. Although PMA turns off the PI cycle, it turns on the PC cycle. A common mechanism to explain these findings might be the activation of protein kinase C, indirect via diacylglycerol release in the PI cycle stimulation by anti-mu and direct in the PC cycle stimulation by PMA by virtue of direct binding to protein kinase C. PMID- 3257420 TI - Lymphokine regulation of surface Ia expression on rat B cells. AB - Class II major histocompatibility antigens (Ia) play a major role in regulating T B cell interactions; therefore, regulation of the amount of Ia on B cells may be an important point of control in the immune response. Mitogens in human and murine systems have been reported to increase Ia expression on B cells, and in the mouse the lymphokine BSF-1 (IL-4) markedly enhances Ia expression. This report describes studies of lymphokine and mitogen regulation of class II expression on rat B cells. Mitogens known to activate resting B cells, such as DxS/LPS, anti-IgM, STM, and Con A, induced increases in Ia expression. Highly purified murine IL-4 was found to have no Ia-enhancing activity on rat B cells, although the same preparation increased Ia expression eightfold on murine B cells. This confirms other recent reports that IL-4 is a species-specific lymphokine and will not cross even narrow phylogenetic barriers. Rat B cells were not refractory to lymphokine-induced enhancement of Ia expression, since lymphokine(s) contained in a Con A-induced supernatant enhanced Ia expression. Furthermore, murine IL-5-containing B151-CFS was able to markedly increase Ia expression on resting rat and mouse B cells. This activity was not lost after heat inactivation of B151-TRF2, indicating that B151-TRF1 (IL-5-like activity) was probably responsible for the increase in Ia expression. These results suggest Ia expression on rat B cells, like human and murine B cells, is an early activation event which is regulated by signals which act on resting B cells. Furthermore, while IL-4 is important in Ia regulation, it is not the only lymphokine involved, since the IL-4-free, B151-K12 supernatant was able to enhance Ia expression on resting rat and mouse B cells. PMID- 3257421 TI - Recognition of influenza virus-infected B-cell lines by human influenza virus specific CTL. AB - The cytotoxic activity on influenza virus-infected Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL-Flu) and influenza virus-infected phytohemagglutinin lymphoblasts (PHA-Flu) was compared with the use of influenza A virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), generated in short-term bulk cultures. Cold-target inhibition experiments showed that the lysis of PHA-Flu was completely blocked by both cold LCL-Flu and cold PHA-Flu whereas the lysis of LCL Flu was completely inhibited by cold LCL-Flu, but only partially by cold PHA-Flu, indicating that structures can be recognized on LCL-Flu which are absent from PHA Flu. Monoclonal antibody (McAb) directed against a monomorphic determinant of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules inhibited the lysis of PHA-Flu more strongly than the lysis of LCL-Flu. Since LCL have a high expression of MHC class II molecules compared to PHA lymphoblasts, we examined whether class II-restricted CTL activity was responsible for the (anti)class I McAb-resistant lysis of LCL-Flu. Neither anti-CD4 McAb nor anti-class II McAb inhibited the lysis of LCL-Flu which argues against a contribution of MHC class II-restricted CTL. Depletion of CD16+ cells, containing the majority of the nonspecific cytotoxic cells, did not affect the lysis of LCL-Flu, indicating that the remaining lysis on LCL-Flu was also not due to a nonspecific component. We suggest that cell-type-dependent variations exist in the nature of the immunogenic determinants to which CTL respond. PMID- 3257423 TI - Kinetic fluorimetric assay for alpha 1-antitrypsin elastase-inhibitory capacity in serum. PMID- 3257422 TI - Quantitative rotational thallium-201 tomography for identifying and localizing coronary artery disease. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a method for quantifying the uptake, redistribution, and washout of thallium-201 (201Tl) obtained with rotational tomography. This method generates maximum count circumferential profiles of the short-axis slices of the left ventricle, translates them into polar coordinate profiles, and displays them as a bullseye plot, which consists of a series of concentric circles with the apex at the center and the base at the periphery. Normal limits were established for the distribution of 201Tl in 36 patients with a low (less than 5%) probability of coronary artery disease (CAD). Forty-five patients who had undergone coronary angiography were used as a pilot group to define criteria for the identification and localization of perfusion defects. The best agreement with the results of angiography was found when abnormal regions of the bullseye were defined as contiguous defects over 2.5 SDs below normal. These criteria were applied prospectively to 210 points (179 points with greater than 50% diameter stenosis and 31 with less than 50%). Visual, quantitative, and combined visual and quantitative analysis were compared for overall detection of disease and for detection of individual vessel involvement. The overall sensitivity for detection of disease by these methods was 97%, 95%, and 95%, respectively. The specificities were 68%, 74%, and 71% respectively. The sensitivity for detection of individual vessel involvement with the bullseye alone was 78% for the left anterior descending artery (LAD), 89% for the right coronary artery (RCA), and 65% for the left circumflex (LCx). For visual analysis, the results were 70%, 88%, and 50%, respectively, while the use of visual and quantitative analysis combined identified 75% of LAD, 87% of RCA, and 55% of LCx lesions. We conclude that quantitative analysis of rotational 201Tl tomographic images is a highly accurate technique for determining the presence and location of CAD. PMID- 3257424 TI - Clinical and immunological findings in large B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - In order to define the characteristics of B-CLL cases in which the predominant cell population is composed of large lymphocytes, we studied 97 patients with B CLL, comparing the cell morphological features with the clinical and biological findings and the immunological phenotype of the proliferating cells. Multivariant analysis showed that there were three significantly different morphological groups: Typical CLL, large lymphocyte CLL (LLL), and CLL with prolymphocytes (CLL/PL). The LLL group showed a greater incidence of lymphadenopathies (P less than 0.05) and higher percentages of both mu + delta + cells (P less than 0.01) and Fmc/7+ cells (P less than 0.001) than in typical CLL. The main differences between LLL and CLL/PL were the peripheral blood lymphocyte count and the percentage of Fmc/7+ cells (P less than 0.002)--both higher in the CLL/PL group- and the percentage of mouse rosette-forming cells (P less than 0.01)--lower in CLL/PL. Further studies including functional assays and survival analyses could contribute to elucidating whether these groups are different entities or a single disease with marked heterogeneity. PMID- 3257425 TI - T lymphocytes compartmentalized on the epithelial surface of the lower respiratory tract express the very late activation antigen complex VLA-1. AB - T lymphocytes on the epithelial surface of the lower respiratory tract are thought to represent a relatively compartmentalized population of T cells that exchanges slowly with the blood. Since the lung is chronically burdened with antigens, "resident" T cells likely have a history of past activation. To evaluate this concept, we analyzed resident lung T cells for VLA-1 expression, which is indicative of a history of past stimulation. Lung lavage and blood T cells were evaluated in 13 normal nonsmokers using the monoclonal antibodies Leu4 (pan T cells), Leu3 (helper/inducer T cells), Leu2 (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells), TS2/7 (alpha 1 subunit of VLA-1), and A-1A5 (beta subunit of VLA-1) using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. In contrast to normal blood T cells which did not express VLA-1, lung T cells expressed the 210-kDa alpha 1 and 130 kDa beta subunits of the VLA-1 complex, the same as blood T cells activated in culture for 3 weeks. Two-color immunofluorescence with Leu4 and TS2/7 showed that 19 +/- 6% of the lung T cells were VLA-1+, suggesting that a significant proportion of T lymphocytes on the alveolar epithelial surface are in a separate compartment from the VLA-1 blood cells. In sarcoidosis, a disease characterized by exaggerated numbers of active Leu3+ T cells in the lower respiratory tract, increased numbers of lung Leu3+ T cells expressing VLA-1 were present on the epithelial surface of the lung (P less than 0.05 compared to normals). These observations are consistent with compartmentalized, chronically stimulated T lymphocytes on the alveolar epithelial surface that exchange with the systemic immune system very slowly. PMID- 3257426 TI - Peripheral blood mononuclear cell abnormalities and their relationship to clinical course in homosexual men with HIV infection. AB - Quantitative abnormalities of leukocyte subpopulations have been shown to correlate with clinical status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We have performed peripheral blood leukocyte phenotyping in 23 HIV-seropositive homosexual men, and correlated the results with clinical follow-up information. Individuals with CD4+ greater than 400/mm3 (Group 1) had less severe abnormalities in other mononuclear cell subpopulations than patients with CD4+ less than 400/mm3 (Group 2). Group 1 had decreased CD4+CDw29+ (B-cell inducer) cells, compared to HIV-seronegative homosexual controls, with normal CD4+CD45R+ (suppressor-inducer) cells, suggesting that CD4+ subpopulations are reduced at different rates. Group 2 had decreased counts for both CD4+CDw29+ and CD4+CD45R+ cells. Both groups had increased cytotoxic T cells (CD8+CD11b-), with decreased B cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratios, compared to HIV-seronegative homosexual controls. The Group 2 patients with subsequent clinical deterioration had particularly low CD4+ cells, CD4+CD45R+ cells, CD2+Ta1+ cells, and CD4+/CD8+ ratios and high CD8+CD11b- cells, compared to those with clinically stable illness. Our findings suggest that specific leukocyte subpopulations are altered differentially at various stages of HIV infection. However, the study involved only quantitative measurements of specific T- and B-cell subsets with no attempt to measure in vitro function. It is of course possible that normal numbers of cells in these subpopulations might be functionally deficient. PMID- 3257427 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus sera inhibit antigen presentation by macrophages to T cells. AB - Several reports have demonstrated that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have a decreased response to exogenous antigens both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the effects of SLE sera on macrophage (M phi) antigen presenting functions. M phi from normal donors were pulsed with tetanus toxoid antigen in the presence of SLE or normal human serum (NHS), fixed in paraformaldehyde, and incubated with autologous T cells. Of 16 SLE sera tested, 11 inhibited the T-cell proliferative response (measured by [3H]thymidine uptake) compared to control NHS; mean percentage inhibition was 53 +/- 23%. This inhibition did not result from interference with antigen uptake by M phi and was found in both IgM and IgG fractions of the sera. There was a positive correlation between the amount of inhibition and the cytotoxic reactivity of the SLE sera against M phi as measured by Terasaki assay (r = 0.659, P less than 0.01). However, the presence and the amount of the inhibition did not correlate with serum immune complexes by Clq ELISA, serum anti-DR antibodies, or clinical disease activity of the SLE patients. We conclude that some SLE sera possess IgM and IgG antibodies reactive with M phi which affect M phi antigen-presenting functions, and might relate to decreased antigenic response in SLE patients. PMID- 3257428 TI - Enhanced response of autoantibody-secreting B cells from young NZB/NZW mice to T cell-derived differentiation signals. AB - Spleen cells from young NZB/NZW mice spontaneously produce IgM antihistone and anti-DNA antibodies in culture, and this in vitro autoantibody production is T cell dependent. In the present studies, we investigated the response of young autoantibody-producing NZB/NZW B cells to various T-cell-derived signals. Stimulation with unprimed allogeneic T cells resulted in a 10- to 20-fold increase in IgM antihistone and anti-DNA antibody production compared with cultures of B cells alone. The responding cells were found in the large B-cell fraction after separation on Percoll gradients. Allo-stimulated B cells from nonautoimmune mice produced much lower absolute amounts of IgM autoantibodies as well as total IgM compared with NZB/NZW cells. Marked IgM antinuclear antibody and total IgM production was also observed when NZB/NZW B cells were cultured with supernatants from TH2 but not TH1 T-helper clones. Although B cells from nonautoimmune mice produced high levels of autoantibodies after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, only minimal levels were secreted in response to the active supernatants. These results suggest that young NZB/NZW mice have IgM autoantibody producing B cells that are more sensitive to certain T-cell-derived signals compared with B cells from normal mice. Although these hyperresponsive NZB/NZW cells appear to be in an advanced stage of activation, they require additional T cell signals to express this abnormality. PMID- 3257429 TI - Increase in Leu 2+ Leu 7+ lymphocytes in HIV 1-seropositive patients with hemophilia repeatedly treated with clotting factor concentrates. AB - The fact that patients with hemophilia treated with clotting factor and HIV 1 seronegative subjects with congenital anemias given repeated blood transfusions both have decreased ratios of T4/T8 lymphocytes and diminished NK cell activity indicates that these immunological abnormalities can be due to repeated exposure to blood and blood products, and are not necessarily indicative of HIV 1 infection. To search for an immunological change specific for HIV 1 infection we tested 36 hemophiliacs (22 HIV 1-seropositive, 14 HIV 1-seronegative), and 27 normal subjects for peripheral blood lymphocytes which coexpress Leu 2, a marker associated with suppressor/cytotoxic cells, and Leu 7, an NK cell marker. Compared to normal subjects, seropositive hemophiliacs showed a 2.5-fold increase in Leu 2+ Leu 7+ cells. No increase in this population was seen in the seronegative hemophiliacs. An increase in the percentage of Leu 2+ Leu 7+ cells is therefore an immunological alteration associated with HIV 1 infection but not blood product exposure per se. PMID- 3257430 TI - Spontaneous in vitro production of virus-specific antibody by lymphocytes from HIV-infected subjects. AB - In vitro synthesis of IgG directed against HIV components was detected by ELISA and Western blot assay of lymphocyte culture supernatants. Lymphocytes from HIV infected individuals spontaneously produced antibody against HIV proteins very early in culture, suggesting in vivo activation of HIV-specific antibody-forming cells. The frequency of circulating B cells spontaneously secreting HIV-specific IgG was very high in some cases, but spontaneous HIV-specific antibody synthesis was not accompanied by polyclonal reactivation of B-cell clones of different specificity. The pattern of specificity of the anti-HIV antibody produced in vitro did not reflect the serum pattern consistently. These findings indicate a new approach potentially useful for the study of the immunobiology of HIV infection. The possible implications of the in vitro production of HIV-specific antibody for the diagnosis, prognosis and clinical management of this infection are also discussed. PMID- 3257431 TI - Interaction of fibronectin with DNA/anti-DNA complexes from systemic lupus erythematosus: role of activated complement Cl in modulation of the interactions. AB - Fibronectin (Fn) is an integral constituent of the endothelial cell surface and the basement membrane. The mechanism for binding DNA/anti-DNA complexes to Fn was examined in a solid-phase assay. In physiological buffer, a low-affinity binding of DNA was observed with Fn and optimal binding was seen at pH 6.5 and in the absence of Ca2+. Further, the interaction of DNA to Fn was inhibited when DNA was complexed to anti-DNA antibody. However, complement Clq mediated the binding of complexes to Fn at pH 7.4 and it was proportional to the extent of the dissociation of Cl. Cl inactivator (Cl-In) appeared to play a modulating role; whereas at low concentrations (Cl:Cl-In::4: less than 1) it enhanced the binding of complexes to Fn, higher concentrations inhibited the binding. Further, sera from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus reacted with Fn, which was shown to be dependent on the presence of Clq and was minimally affected by DNase treatment of sera, indicating a relatively minor role of DNA in the direct binding of DNA to Fn. These findings support "circulating immune complex" hypothesis in the pathogenesis of lupus glomerular immune complex deposition disease. PMID- 3257432 TI - Paf-acether (platelet-activating factor) and interleukin-1-like cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated glomeruli. AB - The production of inflammatory mediators by glomerular cells may be instrumental in the development of pathophysiological alterations during glomerulonephritis. Since bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a naturally occurring immunological stimulus, we studied its inflammatory effects on isolated renal glomeruli. LPS stimulation of human and rat isolated glomeruli resulted in a dose- and time dependent platelet-activating factor (paf-acether) production. Maximal paf acether generation (1.04 to 1.50 ng/mg protein) (n = 18) was obtained when glomeruli were stimulated for periods of 1 to 4 hr and with 1-2 micrograms/ml LPS. Paf-acether derived from human and rat glomeruli exhibited identical biological and physicochemical characteristics. In addition, rat glomeruli stimulated with doses of LPS from 100 ng to 50 micrograms/ml released an Interleukin-1 (IL-1)-like cytokine differing in part from that described in cultured mesangial cells. Maximal release of IL-1-like activity by rat glomeruli was obtained after 24 to 48 hr incubation in the presence of LPS. After gel chromatography resolution, the glomerular cytokine presented IL-1-like activity in fractions corresponding to molecular weights of 15-35 and 4-8 kDa. The latter compounds could represent metabolites similar to those described in normal urine. Thus the local release of paf-acether and IL-1-like cytokine by glomeruli in response to bacterial stimuli may represent a prominent feature of glomerular inflammation. PMID- 3257433 TI - Severe combined immunodeficiency with T lymphocytes retaining functional activity. AB - Two cases of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with normal numbers of T cells are reported. Studies of T-cell subsets showed an absence of TQ1+ lymphocytes and a very low percentage of CD4+ cells in Patient 2. Functional studies of T cells from this patient showed a normal suppressor activity. Patient 1 had normal percentages of T-cell subsets and his lymphocytes showed helper and suppressor activities but to a lesser degree than normal controls. Both cases stressed the heterogeneity of SCID in which T cells could be present and retain some of their functional activities. PMID- 3257434 TI - Sperm and seminal plasma antibodies in acquired immune deficiency (AIDS) and other associated syndromes. AB - Although HIV has been established as the etiologic agent in AIDS, other contributory cofactors may be responsible for selective clinical manifestations of the syndrome. While the pathogenesis remains unclear, the development of immunologic abnormalities observed in some homosexual males with AIDS and AIDS related complex may be attributed to repeated exposure to allogeneic sperm and seminal plasma components. Accordingly, antibody levels to semen fractions were measured in sera from 338 individuals (295 AIDS, 36 ARC, 16 randomly selected homosexuals, 29 patients with infectious hepatitis, 12 hemophiliacs, 20 rheumatic disease patients, and 24 healthy heterosexual adults). The methods were (i) passive hemagglutination for antibodies to human seminal plasma (HuSePl), and (ii) indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assay on methanol-fixed human sperm noting staining of acrosomal, equatorial, postnuclear, and tail main-piece regions. HuSePl was positive in 31% AIDS sera, while 39% were positive by IF. ARC sera were 30% positive for HuSePl and 38% positive IF. No control sera were positive. Results reveal a significant incidence of antibody to sperm and seminal plasma components in ARC and AIDS patients. Because of the known immunomodulating properties of both, it is possible that these responses may indicate risk factors for disease progression and severity. PMID- 3257435 TI - Colonoscopic diagnosis and treatment of arteriovenous malformations in chronic lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical accuracy and efficacy. AB - The authors reviewed their experience with diagnosis and treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to colonic arteriovenous malformations (AVM). A diagnosis was established exclusively by endoscopy in 80 percent of the patients. Twenty-eight patients were treated by endoscopic coagulation; bleeding stopped after one or more treatments in 67.9 percent of these patients. There were no complications or mortality as a consequence of endoscopic treatment. Surgery controlled the recurrent bleeding in six of seven cases of failed endoscopic coagulation, and in 13 of 17 cases where surgery only was undertaken, for an overall success rate 79.2 percent. It is concluded that colonoscopy can accurately establish the diagnosis of colonic AVMs in chronic lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic coagulation is a useful adjunct in the treatment of this condition, and is safe, effective, and leaves other options open. PMID- 3257436 TI - Fatal hemorrhage following rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids. PMID- 3257437 TI - Effect of oral iron therapy on the upper gastrointestinal tract. A prospective evaluation. AB - This study assesses the effect of oral iron therapy on the upper gastrointestinal tract and fecal occult blood testing. Fourteen healthy volunteers completed a checklist of gastrointestinal symptoms, underwent endoscopy and biopsy of the stomach and duodenum, and supplied a fresh stool sample for Hemoccult and HemoQuant testing. They then took ferrous sulfate 325 mg per os tid for two weeks and had the same evaluation repeated. Gastrointestinal symptoms were rated by the patients on a scale of 0-3, endoscopic findings were numerically scored (0-4), and the biopsies were graded blindly. Thirteen other healthy volunteers took ferrous sulfate 325 mg per os tid for one week and had Hemoccult testing of stool at days 0 and 7. All subjects developed dark stools, and significant nausea and diarrhea were noted (0.1 +/- 0.1 to 0.9 +/- 0.3, P less than 0.05 for both symptoms). Only 1/27 had a questionably trace-positive Hemoccult test (two observers disagreed) and no significant difference was seen in HemoQuant testing (1.4 +/- 0.5 to 1.8 +/- 0.7 mg Hb/g). A significant increase was seen in endoscopic abnormalities in the stomach (0.1 +/- 0.1 to 1.5 +/- 0.3, P = 0.003), consisting of erythema, small areas of subepithelial hemorrhage, and, in two subjects, erosions. Biopsies showed no significant change after iron therapy. We conclude that (1) oral ferrous sulfate rarely causes Hemoccult-positive stools, and patients with positive Hemoccult tests on iron therapy require further evaluation; and (2) oral iron may cause mild endoscopic abnormalities in the stomach which are of uncertain clinical significance. PMID- 3257438 TI - Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors among diabetic individuals. The Three-City Study. AB - A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1979 through 1982 in three rural Minnesota cities to describe the natural history of diabetes mellitus. Detailed abstracts of the medical records of physician-defined diabetic individuals were used to construct medical profiles. As part of the effort, the date of physician defined hypertension was identified and used to calculate hypertension prevalence. The crude hypertension prevalence was 56.8% for women and 33.99% for men, with an overall crude prevalence of 47.2%. No hypertensive patients were identified among diabetic patients less than 15 yr old, and most hypertensive diabetic patients were greater than 70 yr old. Hypertension prevalence in diabetic individuals demonstrated a highly significant trend with age (P less than .01). Compared with the general population, diabetic individuals had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (P less than .01), largely explained by the higher prevalence in women. Variables known to be associated with hypertension risk in the general population were also significantly associated with hypertension among diabetic individuals. Older age, being female, and increased body mass index were strongly associated with hypertension in this study population. Diabetic individuals with hypertension were six times more likely to have renal disease than those without hypertension. The level of blood glucose control, diabetes treatment (i.e., insulin or oral hypoglycemics versus diet), and diabetes duration were not associated with hypertension. PMID- 3257439 TI - [Nuclear medicine diagnosis of Alzheimer type dementia]. AB - Eleven patients with Alzheimer type dementia were investigated by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene-aminoxim (HM PAO). Nine had a typical, symmetrically reduced enrichment in the parieto-temporo occipital area. In three of these nine patients a similar pattern was recorded additionally in the frontal, in the remaining two in the temporal or parietal region. In a semi-quantitative evaluation radioactivity concentrations in the cerebrum and cerebellum were compared. It demonstrated that there was in relation to the cerebellum a reduced concentration in seven of the eight studied cerebral regions. The relative blood flow of the parieto-temporo-occipital region was most markedly affected and in patients with Alzheimer type dementia was reduced by 25% below that of normal subjects. The results indicate that cerebral SPECT with HM PAO is a reasonable method of investigation to confirm the diagnosis of "Alzheimer type dementia" and exclude other cerebral disease, especially if pathognomonic findings are to be obtained. PMID- 3257440 TI - Serum bone gla protein and the vitamin D endocrine system in the oophorectomized rat. AB - Because of the importance of estrogen in osteoporosis, the effects of decreased estrogen production using sensitive measurements of bone mineral metabolism were studied in oophorectomized rats. Serum levels of ionized calcium, bone gla protein (BGP), vitamin D metabolites (25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D), and estradiol were measured before and serially for 6 weeks after oophorectomy in the rat. In addition, static and dynamic indices of bone histomorphometry were determined after double tetracycline labeling. Fifty Sprague-Dawley female rats (approximately 250 g) were studied. Twenty-five rats underwent oophorectomy (O), while the remaining rats were sham operated. Estrogen deficiency was noted in the O group within a week after surgery (estradiol, 2.45 +/- 0.78 vs. 27.9 +/- 4.15 pg/ml; P less than 0.05). Serum ionized calcium levels, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and PTH levels did not differ between the two groups during the length of the study. Serum BGP levels were the same in both groups until the second week postoophorectomy, after which BGP remained significantly elevated in the O animals (121.7 +/- 5.95 vs. 76.7 +/- 3.87; P less than 0.001). Bone histomorphometry revealed increased osteoid volume (4.4 +/- 0.9% vs. 2.3 +/- 0.7%), osteoblast surface (26.5 +/- 2.4% vs. 3.2 +/- 1.2%), tetracycline surface (18.9 +/- 4.1% vs. 6.8 +/- 2.2%), as well as osteoclast surface (8.2 +/- 1.4% vs. 2.5 +/- 2%) in all O animals compared with those in the sham-operated group. These data indicate that oophorectomy and decreased estrogen result in increased bone turnover with elevated BGP levels. The marked BGP elevation within 2 weeks postoophorectomy suggests that estrogen withdrawal results in rapid altered bone mineral metabolism. The lack of concomitant increase in circulating PTH levels suggests that other factors may be mediating the bone loss following surgical oophorectomy. PMID- 3257441 TI - The ontogeny of iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodinase activity in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. AB - Generation of T3 from T4 in vivo cannot be demonstrated in tadpoles until just before metamorphic climax (MC). Possible explanations include the absence of the necessary 5'-monodeiodinase (5'D) process, and/or the presence of an active T3 and T4 5-deiodinase (5D) system before MC. In the present study, 5'D activity was determined in the 12,000 x g supernatent fraction of tissue homogenates prepared from tadpoles in premetamorphosis (PM) and MC (induced by immersion in 2 x 10(-8) M T4) by measuring the 125I-formed from [125I] rT3 or [125I]T4 in the presence of 20 mM dithiothreitol. Eadie-Hofstee plots of data were used to determine maximum velocity and Km. During PM, 5'D activity was undetectable in liver, tail, heart, and kidney, minimal in brain and gut, and could be quantitated only in skin. During MC, 5'D activity was undetectable in liver, heart, and kidney, but was present in tail tissue and was increased more than 5-fold in skin and gut. The increased activity was due to a change in maximum velocity, with no change in Km. In its properties, the tadpole 5'D system was comparable to the type II system found in some mammalian tissues. Thus, it exhibited Km values for T4 and rT3 in the nanomolar range, the preferred substrate was T4, and activity was unaffected by propylthiouracil in the presence of 10 mM dithiothreitol. Under comparable incubation conditions, T3 5D activity was detected in most tissues during PM; the highest activity was found in liver, gut, and kidney. 5D activity was barely detectable in MC. From these studies it is suggested that accumulation of T3 generated from T4 in the tadpole is minimal before MD due to the predominance of 5D activity. During MC, accumulation of T3 is possible because of the substantial increase in 5'D activity together with a marked drop in 5D activity. The principle T3-generating organs appear to be gut, skin, and tail tissue. PMID- 3257442 TI - Presence of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor in rat testis. AB - We attempted to demonstrate the presence of immunoreactive (ir) CRF in rat testis by RIA, and by an immunocytochemical technique. The RIA was performed on 27,000 x g supernatants of phosphate buffer extracts of adult rat testes, and revealed a high concentration of irCRF (51 - 74 ng/g testis), with a clear parallelism to the standard curve prepared with synthetic rat CRF. In contrast, the peripheral blood level of irCRF was extremely low (less than 0.05 ng/ml). Immunocytochemical studies of irCRF revealed strong specific staining in the Leydig cells and germ cells in normal adult rat testis. Epididymal spermatozoa also stained positive. Testicular irCRF fluctuated significantly with age. The levels (mean +/- SD) assayed in 10, 20, 60 and 90-day-old rats were 41.6 +/- 4.7, 8.7 +/- 0.2, 55.5 +/ 3.3 and 71.3 +/- 3.4 ng/g testis, respectively (P less than 0.01). The level was drastically reduced after abdominal translocation of a testis (9.6 +/- 1.3 ng/g testis), and after hypophysectomy (16.7 +/- 1.6 ng/g testis) in adult rats. However, neither hemicastration nor unilateral cryptorchidism influenced the irCRF levels in the contralateral testis. These data suggest a local production of irCRF which may play a role in regulation of Leydig cell function and sperm maturation in testis and epididymis. PMID- 3257443 TI - An evaluation of the role of microenvironmental factors in the limitation of myelopoiesis in murine long-term bone marrow culture. AB - On a day-to-day or week-to-week basis, generation of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) by the adherent layer was identical in long-term bone marrow cultures initiated from young or old mice. CSF concentration increased as myelopoiesis failed, no decline in the generation of CSF following increased stimulation was seen, and donor age did not affect the responsiveness of myeloid cells to CSF. Following spontaneous failure of myelopoiesis, adherent layers originally initiated from young or old mice were equally able to support hematopoiesis following recharge. Thus no age-related decline in adherent layer function could be detected. PMID- 3257445 TI - Cholera toxin and phorbol diesters synergistically modulate murine hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. AB - Little information exists concerning the role of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (GNBP) in hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. We hypothesized that GNBP-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase plays an important role in factor-driven hematopoietic cell proliferation. Using cholera toxin and other probes of the cyclase system, we observe that cyclase activation results in a lineage-specific amplification of megakaryocytic progenitor cell numbers, an intermediate effect on erythroid progenitors, and, conversely, an inhibition of granulocytic colony formation. The effect of GNBP activation is synergistic with, and dependent upon, concomitant activation of the cells with phorbol diesters. This suggests a role for both calcium-dependent mechanisms, such as protein kinase C activation, and for other processes mediated by GNBP and cyclic AMP. The use of an intracellular calcium antagonist (Quin-2) partially abrogates the GNBP mediated response, confirming that the effects of GNBP activation involve both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent processes. We conclude that hematopoietic progenitor cells are influenced by lineage-specific alterations in GTP-binding protein function, which affects both adenylate cyclase activity and calcium homeostasis. PMID- 3257444 TI - Interleukin-1 enhances murine granulopoiesis in vivo. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a monokine involved in host response to infection and inflammation, has recently been shown to stimulate production of granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) from a variety of cell types in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of human IL-1 on granulopoiesis in vivo. CF1 female mice were injected with a single dose of either highly purified human IL-1 or recombinant human IL-1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha). Heat-inactivated IL-1 or rIL-1 alpha served as controls. Physiologic doses of the IL-1 preparations were initially established by evaluating neutrophil egress from bone marrow (BM). Significant peripheral neutrophilia developed 3 h after injection of 10 U (doubling units) purified IL-1, in association with decreased marrow neutrophils. Significant neutrophilia occurred 6 h after injection of 5 x 10(3) U (half-maximal units) rIL-1 alpha. Serum colony-stimulating activity (CSA) and BM colony formation (CFU-GM) were subsequently measured in standard agar culture at various times following injection. A significant rise in CSA occurred between 3 and 6 h after injection of purified IL-1, and a significant increase in BM CFU-GM developed 48 h after injection. Similar increases in CSA and CFU-GM occurred following injection of rIL-1 alpha. These results suggest that IL-1 may play an important role in the regulation of granulopoiesis in vivo by enhancing the production of CSFs required for myeloid proliferation. PMID- 3257446 TI - Separation of rat bone marrow cells by counterflow centrifugal elutriation: a model for studying the effects of lymphocyte depletion. AB - We have developed a simple three flow-rate, fixed rotor speed, counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE) procedure that permits the isolation of an engraftable lymphocyte-depleted (greater than 98%) fraction from ACI rat bone marrow. The different cell fractions were characterized by morphology, alloreactivity in mixed lymphocyte culture and limiting dilution analysis, colony forming capacity, and their capacity to reconstitute hematopoiesis and effect a graft-versus-host reaction in lethally irradiated allogeneic hosts. After CCE fractionation of ACI rat marrow, transplantation of the lymphocyte-depleted marrow fraction resulted in sustained engraftment without evidence of clinical or histologic acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). CCE fractionation of rat bone marrow may be a useful preclinical model for studying lympho-hematopoietic and immune reconstitution after transplantation with lymphocyte-depleted donor marrow, as well as for studying the role of lymphocyte subpopulations on engraftment, acute GVHD, and leukemia relapse in syngeneic and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3257447 TI - Inhibition of human granulocyte-macrophage colony formation by interleukin 2 treated lymphocytes. AB - The effects of interleukin 2 (IL-2)-treated lymphocytes on human myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM) were studied. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured for 3 days with recombinant IL-2, they developed lymphokine activated killer (LAK) activity against normal bone marrow cells, and also suppressed colony formation by CFU-GM. Suppression of CFU-GM was found to be mediated mainly by natural killer (NK) cells, and to a lesser degree by T cells according to the results showing that isolated NK cells and T cells exhibited strong and moderate suppressor function, respectively. Since the levels of LAK activity and of CFU-GM inhibitory activity were not parallel in each individual, inhibition of CFU-GM does not seem to be due to a direct lytic action by LAK cells. This possibility was supported by our finding that the supernatant of IL-2 treated PBMC contained factor(s) that inhibited CFU-GM colony formation. PMID- 3257448 TI - Effect of the bile acid taurolithocholate on cell calcium in saponin-treated rat hepatocytes. AB - Neomycin was used to assess the involvement of Ins (1,4,5)P3 in the Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum induced by the bile acid taurolithocholate. In saponin-permeabilized rat hepatocytes, neomycin via its ability to bind Ins (1,4,5)P3 abolished the release of Ca2+ induced by added Ins (1,4,5)P3. In contrast, it did not alter the Ca2+ release initiated by the bile acid. In intact cells, neomycin had no effect on the [Ca2+]i rises promoted by taurolithocholate and vasopressin. It is suggested that the effect of taurolithocholate in liver is not mediated by Ins (1,4,5)P3 but results from a primary action on endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3257449 TI - Endoscopic treatment of Dieulafoy's disease. AB - The "exulceratio simplex Dieulafoy" is an uncommon and dangerous cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In all patients admitted to our hospital with signs of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in whom Dieulafoy's disease was diagnosed at emergency endoscopy, an attempt was made to stop the bleeding or to prevent further hemorrhage by local injection of polidocanol, or by bipolar electrocoagulation, or by a combination of both. Since 1979 an exulceratio simplex has been diagnosed in 22 patients. All patients were treated endoscopically, 18 of them with satisfactory results. Four patients had to be operated on after emergency endoscopy had failed. Knowing the location of the bleeding site, the operations could be planned exactly and performed quickly. All patients, whether they had undergone endoscopic or surgical treatment, made an uncomplicated recovery and none had a further bleeding episode after discharge from the hospital. PMID- 3257450 TI - Central nervous system effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on gastrointestinal transit in the rat. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) administered into the lateral cerebral ventricle significantly inhibited gastric emptying and small bowel transit, but most markedly increased large bowel transit in a dose-related fashion in freely moving rats. Inhibition of gastric emptying induced by central administration of CRF was completely abolished by pretreatment of the animals with either the ganglionic blocking agent chlorisondamine or the opioid antagonist naloxone, or by noradrenergic blockade with bretylium, but not by truncal vagotomy. Either chlorisondamine, naloxone, or vagotomy--but not bretylium--reversed the inhibitory effect of central CRF on small bowel transit. Chlorisondamine or vagotomy, but neither bretylium nor naloxone, abolished the stimulatory effect of central CRF on large bowel transit. Neither hypophysectomy nor adrenalectomy altered the gastrointestinal motor responses induced by central administration of CRF. Intraperitoneal administration of CRF also significantly inhibited gastric emptying and stimulated large bowel transit but did not alter small bowel transit. These peripheral effects of CRF were not prevented by blockade of autonomic efferents with bretylium or chlorisondamine. It is concluded that (a) CRF acts within the central nervous system to delay gastric emptying, to inhibit small bowel transit, and to increase large bowel transit in freely moving rats and (b) CRF exerts these biological actions by modulation of the autonomic nervous system and, in part, by opioid pathways. PMID- 3257451 TI - Effect of ethanol on frog gastric mucosa. Electrophysiologic and morphologic correlations. AB - The effects of and recovery from luminal ethanol (0%-100%) were assessed in the in vitro chambered frog gastric mucosa. At concentrations of 5%-10%, the potential difference decreased during exposure, but recovered after washout. No gross or light microscopic changes were observed. During exposure to 20%-40% ethanol, potential difference and short circuit current decreased and resistance increased, with only partial recovery after removal of the alcohol. Acid secretion ceased at 20% ethanol and alkalinization of the luminal solution was observed at greater than or equal to 30% ethanol. Microscopy of this group showed discharge of mucus, separation of oxynticopeptic cells from the basal lamina, and slough of surface epithelium. At 60%-100% ethanol, potential difference and short circuit current decreased and resistance increased markedly but there was no recovery. Microscopy showed changes similar to those of the intermediate group (20%-40%), except that surface epithelial cells were fixed to the basal lamina rather than sloughing. The morphologic effects of 100% ethanol in vivo were similar to those in vitro. Pretreatment with 10(-5) M 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 did not prevent either the electrophysiologic or the histologic changes caused by 20% and 30% ethanol. We conclude that there is a gross discrepancy between the functional and morphologic findings after high concentrations of luminal ethanol. PMID- 3257452 TI - Biologic effects of epidermal growth factor in human fetal jejunum. AB - The influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the differentiation and proliferation of human fetal jejunum was studied in organ cultures. Fetal intestine (11-14-wk gestation) was cultured for 5 days at 37 degrees C in serum free Leibovitz L-15 medium alone or supplemented with 25, 50, and 100 ng EGF/ml culture medium. The addition of hormone did not modify the morphology of the intestinal explants. Biochemical studies revealed that lactase activity was significantly increased with the addition of 50 and 100 ng EGF/ml culture medium. On the other hand, the increase in sucrase, trehalase, and glucoamylase activities that normally occurs during the culture was repressed in the presence of increasing concentrations of EGF. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was significantly decreased after 5 days of culture even in the presence of the lowest EGF concentration used. Concomitantly, the labeling index of the epithelial cells dropped drastically in the presence of EGF. The EGF-induced variation in DNA synthesis was already evident within 24 h of culture, whereas enzymic modifications occurred only between the third and fifth day of culture. The simultaneous addition of EGF and hydrocortisone (50 ng/ml) did not reveal any synergistic action between the two hormones on the hydrolytic activities of the brush border. However, EGF did inhibit hydrocortisone-stimulated DNA synthesis. The present work provides for the first time some basic data on the influence of EGF on brush border hydrolytic activities and on epithelial cell proliferation of human fetal jejunum. These observations strongly suggest that EGF plays an important role in the fetal development of the human gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3257453 TI - Epidermal growth factor and the developing human gut. PMID- 3257454 TI - Lack of vasopressin action on splanchnic hemodynamics during bleeding: a study in conscious, portal hypertensive rats. AB - Due to the marked effects of hemorrhage on cardiac output and splanchnic hemodynamics, the circulatory actions of vasopressin may differ during bleeding as opposed to stable conditions. We evaluated this hypothesis in conscious rats with portal hypertension due to chronic portal vein stenosis, by comparing the effects of a vasopressin infusion (0.02 IU per kg per min) to those of a control saline infusion, during and after a hypotensive hemorrhage (25 ml per kg). We also studied unbled portal hypertensive rats receiving an identical infusion of vasopressin or saline. During and after hemorrhage, vasopressin induced significant changes in systemic hemodynamics but had no effect on portal pressure, portal tributary blood flow and nonhepatic splanchnic arteriolar resistance. In unbled animals, by contrast, vasopressin decreased portal pressure and portal tributary blood flow and increased nonhepatic splanchnic arteriolar resistance. Our data further indicate that hemorrhage alone caused an early vasoconstriction in the portal tributaries and a delayed vasoconstriction in the nonsplanchnic vascular bed while vasopressin during hemorrhage induced an early and sustained vasoconstriction in the nonsplanchnic vascular bed as well as in the portal tributaries. The results show that, during and after severe bleeding, vasopressin exerts little influence on portal hemodynamics. Although these data do not allow firm conclusions concerning the therapeutic efficacy of vasopressin in bleeding esophageal varices, they demonstrate that the splanchnic actions of vasoactive substances cannot be readily extrapolated from stable conditions to hemorrhage. PMID- 3257455 TI - Survival analysis of variceal hemorrhage: does it matter when the meter is started? PMID- 3257456 TI - Recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: frequency and predictive factors. AB - We investigated whether spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis is a recurrent process and attempted to identify possible predictors of recurrence in 75 consecutive cirrhotics who had recovered from a first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis between January, 1981 and December, 1984 and who were followed closely throughout their illness (follow-up period 10 +/- 13 months; mean +/- S.D.). Thirty-eight patients (51%) developed one or more episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis during follow-up, the probability of recurrence (Kaplan-Meier's method) being 43% at 6 months, 69% at 1 year and 74% at 2 years. Twenty-three variables (age, sex, etiology of cirrhosis, standard liver and renal function tests and characteristics of the first spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) were analyzed as possible predictors of recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In univariate analysis (curves of Kaplan-Meier compared with Mantel-Cox's method), serum bilirubin greater than 4 mg per dl, prothrombin less than or equal to 45% and protein concentration in ascitic fluid less than or equal to 1 gm per dl were significantly (p less than 0.05) associated with a high risk or recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In multivariate analysis (Cox multiple regression model), only ascitic fluid protein concentration (p = 0.005) and prothrombin activity (p = 0.009) were found to be independent predictors of recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Fifty-nine patients (79%) died during follow-up, 18 of them (31%) secondary to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The 1-year survival probability in the whole series of patients was 38%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3257457 TI - Human T-cell activation: comparative studies on the role of different phorbol esters. AB - We confirm here previous studies that have shown synergy between anti-CD3 and phorbol esters in the induction of T-cell proliferation. However, for this study we have used tonsillar rather than peripheral blood T cells, and have compared the role of different phorbol esters rather than different anti-CD3 antibodies in the activation process. Three phorbol esters (phorbol myristate acetate, dibenzoate and -didecanoate) showed a synergistic relationship. However, the concentration of the dibenzoate and the didecanoate forms required was higher than the concentration of myristate acetate. A second group of phorbol esters (alpha-phorbol didecanoate, a beta phorbol with no side chain, and a monomyristate) did not activate T cells. This difference in activation efficiency between the phorbol derivatives correlates with the pattern of neutrophil activation that has been described previously using the same compounds. In contrast to both the neutrophil and the proliferation studies, if the T cells were preincubated with the different phorbol esters and then subsequently cultured with anti-CD3, the pattern of response was different. Only phorbol myristate acetate induced a proliferative response; all the other compounds were inactive. Taken in conjunction with the known structural differences between the different phorbol derivatives, these results suggest that the relative lipophilic properties of the different molecules which activate T cells may be an important determinant in the induction of a response. Thus changes in the relative lipophilic properties of an antigen could be one way to alter its relative immunogenicity. PMID- 3257458 TI - Bovine pan T-cell monoclonal antibodies reactive with a molecule similar to CD2. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) CH128A and CH61A react with molecules of 50,000 60,000 MW. They are expressed by all T cells in cattle, comprising 44-69% of peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (PBM), the majority of lymphocytes in T dependent areas of lymph node, and 75-80% of cells derived from the thymus including both cortical and medullary thymocytes. The molecule recognized by these mAbs is not expressed on B lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, or granulocytes. Both mAb inhibit spontaneous rosette formation by sheep erythrocytes and bovine lymphocytes. We postulate that these mAb see the bovine homologue of the human sheep red blood cell receptor CD2 and has been named BoT2. PMID- 3257459 TI - Normal thymic cortical epithelial cells developmentally regulate the expression of a B-lineage transformation-associated antigen. AB - Nonlymphoid, stromal cells in the mouse thymus are believed to be important in T cell maturation and have been proposed to play a central role in the acquisition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction and self-tolerance by maturing thymocytes. Both cortical and medullary epithelial cells in the thymus express high levels of class II (A) major histocompatibility antigens (MHC Ags). We show here that a specific subset of these A+ epithelial cells express a transformation-associated antigen (6C3Ag) found previously on the surfaces of Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed pre-B cells and on those bone marrow derived stromal cell clones which support normal and preneoplastic pre-B cell proliferation. Among solid lymphoid organs, only the thymus contains 6C3Ag+ cells and within the thymus, this antigen is found exclusively on A+ epithelial cells in cortical regions. It is striking that the expression of the 6C3Ag on thymic epithelium is developmentally regulated, suggesting a role for this lymphostromal antigen in the maturation of the thymic microenvironment. PMID- 3257460 TI - Growth of Legionella pneumophila in thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from A/J mice. AB - Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterium which readily grows in cultures of guinea pig and human mononuclear phagocytes. In this report, we demonstrate that the Legionella sp. also grows in thioglycolate-elicited macrophages obtained from A/J mice but not in cells from other mouse strains tested, such as BDF1, DBA/2, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6, and BALB/c. Growth of Listeria monocytogenes and interleukin-1 production in A/J mice were similar to their growth and production in other strains tested, and the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis was restricted by A/J macrophages. This finding suggests that although A/J macrophages share functional capabilities with cells from other mouse strains, they differ in growth restriction capacity for the Legionella sp. Resident macrophages were less permissive than were thioglycolate-elicited cells in that resident cells from A/J mice failed to support the growth of Legionella pneumophila. Also, resident cells from BDF1 mice rapidly eliminated the bacteria, rather than merely restricting growth. This finding was also observed in in vivo studies in which thioglycolate pretreatment of mice resulted in the enhanced recovery of viable bacteria from the peritoneal cavity of mice infected intraperitoneally. Higher numbers of bacteria were obtained from A/J mice and, in addition, this strain was more susceptible to the lethal effects of Legionella infection. These data suggest that, as with other intracellular bacteria, macrophages may serve a pivotal role in the early stages of Legionella infection and further suggest that the A/J mouse represents a useful animal model for the study of Legionella infection and immunity. PMID- 3257461 TI - H-2 restriction in acquired cell-mediated immunity to infection with Francisella tularensis LVS. AB - The H-2 restriction imposed on the T-lymphocyte-macrophage interaction leading to the expression of acquired cellular immunity was evaluated in an experimental model of infection with the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis. Restriction between T cells and macrophages was examined in vitro in cultures containing macrophages from C57BL/10 (B10) mice, T cells from immune B10 H-2 congenic mice, and F. tularensis antigen. The cellular interaction was assayed by the production in the cultures of factors which stimulate thymocyte DNA synthesis. It was observed that homology at the I-A region of the H-2 complex was required for productive T-cell-macrophage cooperation to occur. Restriction was also investigated in an in vivo passive cell transfer system. Spleen cells from immunized B10 mice were injected into naive B10 H-2 congenic mice, which were then challenged with F. tularensis. Enhanced resistance to the challenge infection in recipient mice was used as a marker of a successful T-cell macrophage interaction. It was found that when the recipient strain shared H-2 I A region homology with the donor strain, enhanced antitularemic resistance was expressed, whereas homology at the H-2 K or D region was insufficient. Thus, macrophage--T-cell cooperation in immunity to experimental tularemia was restricted at the level of class II determinants. PMID- 3257462 TI - On the nature of natural thymocytotoxic antibodies. A screening in neonatal, young, adult and pathological human sera. AB - The thymocytotoxic activity of human sera against guinea pig cells was earlier shown to be mediated by IgM and a heat-labile serum factor, presumably complement. It is not known if such natural cytotoxic activity represents background activity of preexisting clones of immunoglobulin-producing cells, cross-reacting antibodies appearing after immunization, physiological immune regulatory molecules, or components of an immune network. We have therefore examined the presence of thymocytotoxic IgM molecules in normal adult and neonatal sera and in a number of diseases which affect the lymphoid and immune system. The thymocytotoxic effect of serum was measured in different dilutions, both directly and after heat inactivation of the sera and supplementation with a standard amount of IgM-depleted serum, which is inactive in itself but provides a fixed amount of the heat-labile cofactor. The cytotoxic IgM was present in various amounts in all sera tested, although in neonates very small amounts were found. No specific aberration in toxic activity was seen in rheumatoid arthritis or a number of hematological diseases. In general, the cytotoxic activity correlated well with the total amount of IgM. However, in cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and immunocytoma aberrant cytotoxic activities were found, but to ascertain a connection between these diseases and the factor would require a more extensive follow-up study. The results indicate that the naturally occurring thymocytotoxic IgM is widespread and may reflect a clone of B cells which is activated by an endogenous stimulus, or by some ubiquitous exogenous immunogen. PMID- 3257463 TI - Studies on murine IgE with monoclonal antibodies. I. Characterization of rat monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies and the use of these antibodies for determinations of serum IgE levels and for anaphylactic reactions. AB - Rat monoclonal antibodies were constructed by fusion of immunized rat spleen cells with a nonsecreting mouse myeloma cell. Two monoclonal antibodies (6HD5 and HMK-12) were selected for further study. Both reacted with various IgE molecules of different specificities and different allotypes, but did not react with immunoglobulins of other isotypes and with light chains. These antibodies were therefore anti-isotypic (IgE) and not anti-allotypic or anti-idiotypic. It was shown by competition studies that these antibodies recognize different epitopes on the FcR epsilon fragment. A sensitive ELISA for the quantitation of murine IgE was developed with these monoclonal antibodies; the sensitivity was between 2 and 250 ng/ml for detection of serum IgE levels. Good correlation was obtained with protein amounts as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) activities. Both monoclonal antibodies were used to study anaphylactic reactions elicited by IgE antibodies. Both could inhibit PCA reactions and both could elicit reverse PCA reactions. PMID- 3257464 TI - Lymphocyte-neutrophil interactions: opposite effects of interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor-beta (lymphotoxin) on human neutrophil adherence. AB - Human neutrophil adherence was enhanced by recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-beta (TNF beta) but suppressed by recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2). The opposite effects of these two lymphokines were observed over a range of concentrations consistent with their other biological activities, occurred within 15 min of incubation, and were still evident after 60 min. Pretreatment of neutrophils with both IL-2 and TNF beta resulted in adherence values intermediate between the values obtained with the individual lymphokines. IL-2 suppressed the stimulatory effects of both the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenyl-alanine (FMLP) and the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The combination of TNF beta with either FMLP or PMA produced enhancement of neutrophil adherence which exceeded that of either agent alone. These effects of the lymphokines were not due to endotoxin contamination since their effects were sensitive to heating and insensitive to polymyxin B treatment. These experiments provide further evidence for the critical role of these lymphokines in the regulation of acute and chronic inflammatory processes. PMID- 3257465 TI - Decreased T-colony formation by lymphocytes from patients with focal glomerular sclerosis. AB - The T-colony-forming capacity was examined in 13 normal subjects and 8 patients with biopsy-proven focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS). Fifteen patients with chronic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (CGN) without renal insufficiency were studied as a disease control. The two main assays used were the counting of T colonies formed by the patients' lymphocytes, and the measurement of T-colony-forming activity in conditioned medium from cultures of patients' lymphocytes. The levels of T-colony-forming cells (TCFC) and T-colony stimulating factor (TCSF) were decreased in patients with FGS compared with those in normal controls and lower in FGS patients with the nephrotic syndrome (NS) than in those without NS. In contrast, these parameters in CGN patients with or without NS did not differ from normal subjects. TCSF activity for TCFC in both normal individuals and FGS patients was removed from media conditioned by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PHA-LCM) with interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor bearing cultured T cells. These in vitro findings suggest that IL-2 is the essential factor contained in PHA-LCM. Thus, depressed TCFC in FGS patients with NS may result in part from impaired generation of TCSF by lymphocytes. PMID- 3257466 TI - Functional and phenotypic characterization of human B lymphocyte subsets isolated by unit gravity sedimentation. AB - We report the use of unit gravity sedimentation with a CelSep apparatus to generate two volumetrically similar but functionally and phenotypically distinct subsets of human peripheral blood B cells. One subset, comprised of small B lymphocytes, underwent a significant size change in response to anti-mu, proliferated synergistically to low concentrations of anti-mu plus B cell growth factor (BCGF) or phorbol myristate acetate plus BCGF, and could be induced to produce immunoglobulin in response to pokeweed-mitogen-derived T-lymphocyte replacing factors. These cells were primarily sIg+, B1+, B2+, and were virtually free of monocytes (less than 0.01%). Unlike these resting B lymphocytes, the large cells proliferated directly to BCGF, without displaying synergy with anti mu. These cells displayed very little B2 (less than 7%), did not increase in volume in the presence of anti-mu, and made more immunoglobulin in response to TRF than the small resting B lymphocytes. However, neither population synthesized immunoglobulin spontaneously. This technique, which is highly reproducible, not equipment intensive, and produces high cell recovery (greater than 90%), allows for a precise analysis of the steps involved in the maturation of a resting B lymphocyte to an immunoglobulin-secreting cell. PMID- 3257467 TI - Cancer-induced alterations in T-cell subsets in normal and cyclophosphamide treated mice. A flow cytometric analysis. AB - The influence of an ascites carcinoma on splenic T-cell subsets in normal or cyclophosphamide (Cy)-pretreated mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes was determined by immunophenotypic analysis, using an 'EPICS C' flow cytometer. As suggested by our previous studies on lymphokine production, the results obtained were consistent with direct impairment of Th-cell function and/or with tumour induced suppression of cell-mediated immunity by Cy-insensitive suppressor cells, such as the 'Ts effector' (Ts3) or those of non-T-cell lineage. PMID- 3257468 TI - What is a 'low dose' of radiation? AB - Although the expression of radiation-induced biological effects and responses may be at either the cell, organ or organism level, induction of some of these phenomena (e.g. cancer of clastogenic and genetic effects) can have their origin in the interaction of a single charged particle with the target-containing volume (TCV) of the cell, e.g. the cell nucleus. However, the independent variable now used in both organ and cell population studies, the absorbed dose to the organ, provides no information directly on particle-TCV interactions. Even if calculated as a mean to an organized population of cells, the absorbed dose becomes a composite and confounded quantity, (FzN), in which F is the fraction of TCVs 'hit' by a particle during a given exposure, z is the mean value of z1, the energy absorbed in the TCV in a single hit, and N is the mean number of hits per affected TCV. Scientific precepts demand the avoidance of such confounded variables by achieving their isolation. The needed separation can be effected by the use of microdosimetric techniques, which make it possible to hold one component quantity constant while the others are varied. As an example, low-level radiation exposure (LLE) can be used to hold F at a constant value of 0.2 where, on average, there is but one hit per TCV. The probability of a cellular quantal response, as a function of z1 only, can then be determined by use of LLE to radiations covering a wide span of LETs. Conversely, the effect of varying only the fraction of cells hit can be studied by holding z constant. This can be accomplished by working within a narrow band of LET, but only in the LLE range. The effectiveness of preirradiation altering cell sensitivity as a function of the number of hits per TCV can be determined by working within, and somewhat above, the LLE range. In either risk assessment or the application of radiation as a pretreatment, minimal consequences can be assured only if very low-level exposure is employed in order that F will be small, and if the exposure is in a field of radiation of very low LET so that z1 will be as small as possible. That is to say, exposure conditions with low consequences cannot be specified in terms of any single quantity. PMID- 3257469 TI - Workshop on low dow radiation snd the immune system. 5-8 May 1987, Dreieich Frankfurt, FR Germany. PMID- 3257470 TI - Effect of low-dose irradiation upon T cell subsets involved in the response of primed A/J mice to SaI cells. AB - A/Jax (A/J) mice primed to Sarcoma I (SaI) exhibit an augmented response in association with low-dose (0.15 Gy) irradiation. This phenomenon is best demonstrated in tumour neutralization (Winn assay) or cell transfer experiments utilizing mice depleted of thymus-derived (T) cells. It is particularly dependent upon the duration of priming and the growth characteristics of the tumour in the primary host. The importance of these two variables appears to relate to their influence upon the cell types responsible for the host response, and includes both an effector and a suppressor component. Radiation-induced inhibition of the suppressor component appears responsible for low-dose augmentation and results in injury to a T cell of the Lyt-1-2+ phenotype. In Winn assays employing equal numbers of immune spleen cells and SaI cells, the smallest tumours are associated with Lyt-1-positive (Lyt-1+2- and Lyt-1+2+) cells and exposure to 0.15 Gy markedly inhibits their anti-SaI activity. Thus, even though the effect is in the opposite direction, both the effector and suppressor components of the anti-SaI response in A/J mice are exceedingly radiosensitive. PMID- 3257471 TI - A microdosimetric understanding of low-dose radiation effects. AB - This paper presents a microdosimetric approach to the problem of radiation response by which effects produced at low doses and dose rates can be understood as the consequences of radiation absorption events in the nucleus of a single relevant cell and in its DNA. Radiation absorption at the cellular level, i.e. in the cell nucleus as a whole, is believed to act through radicals. This kind of action is called 'non-specific' and leads to the definition of an 'elemental dose' and the 'integral response probability' of a cell population. Radiation absorption at the molecular level, i.e. in sensitive parts of the DNA, is thought to act through double-strand breaks. This kind of action is called 'specific' and leads to a 'relative local efficiency'. In general, both mechanisms occur for all types of radiation; however, it is the dose contribution of both specific and non specific effects that determines the radiation quality of a given radiation. The implications of this approach for the specification of low-dose and low dose-rate regions are discussed. PMID- 3257472 TI - T cell potentiation in normal and autoimmune-prone mice after extended exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation and/or caloric restriction. AB - In order to better understand the apparent physiologic up-regulation in response to low levels of potentially lethal insults, murine T lymphocytes were analysed for functional and phenotypic alterations after exposure to 0.005 Gy/day, 0.01 Gy/day and 0.04 Gy/day in groups of ad-libitum-fed and calorie-restricted mice. These studies were conducted in two strains of mice: the long-lived and immunologically normal C57Bl/6 +/+ and the congenic short-lived immunologically depressed C57Bl/6 lpr/lpr. Whole-body exposure to 0.01 Gy/day and 0.04 Gy/day for an extended period of 20 days was associated with an increase in splenic proliferative response and with shifts in the proportions of T cell subpopulations in the thymus and spleen of both strains. Caloric restriction independently altered functional activity and T cell subpopulations in the same direction as low dose rates of ionizing radiation. Although the dose-response augmentation in proliferative activity was similar in the two strains, observed alterations in thymic and splenic T cell subpopulations were clearly different, suggesting that different mechanisms were responsible for immune enhancement in each strain. PMID- 3257473 TI - The effect of prenatal or early postnatal irradiation on the production of anti arsonate antibodies and cross-reactive idiotypes. AB - Preliminary studies on the long-term effects of prenatal and early postnatal irradiation on the immune response to arsonate were performed using A/J mice. Pregnant mice were irradiated (0.5 Gy, X-rays) or sham-irradiated on a single occasion during gestation (between day 5 and 18 post-conception). Alternatively, newborn mice received the same treatment between day 2 and 7 after birth. Mice were immunized with keyhole limpet haemocyanin-arsonate (KLH-Ars) in adjuvant from 2 months after birth. The levels of specific antibodies to arsonate (anti Ars) were measured by radioimmunoassay. In addition, the Ars-related cross reactive idiotype (CRIA) was measured by the haemagglutination technique. In the primary response the titre of anti-Ars was reduced in animals that had been irradiated between day 12 and 15 of gestation. In the second response, in contrast, they had increased levels of anti-Ars. After immunization with KLH-Ars, high levels of CRIA were observed in all groups. However, in mice irradiated 18 20 days after conception the level of CRIA was often much higher than the level of anti-Ars, indicating that a large proportion of the CRIA-positive molecules were not specific for Ars. Thus, in this particular case, some specificity of the immune response was lost after irradiation. The expression of recurrent idiotypes may be a sensitive indicator of immunological perturbations after irradiation. PMID- 3257474 TI - Changes of the blood lymphocyte subpopulations and their functions following 131I treatment for nodular goitre and 32P treatment for polycythemia vera. AB - The blood lymphocyte population was examined in 34 patients who were treated with 131I for toxic or atoxic nodular goitre. One to three doses of 300-550 MBq of 131I were administered at 1-week intervals. Lymphocyte counts were found to be significantly reduced at both 1 and 6 weeks after treatment. This decrease was accompanied by a changed composition of the lymphocyte subpopulations. The frequency of lymphocytes expressing membrane receptors for C'3 (EAC-rosette forming cells) was significantly reduced at 1 and 6 weeks following 131I administration. At 6 weeks there was a small but statistically significant increase of the frequency of T cells as identified by Leu 1 monoclonal antibodies. This was essentially due to an increased proportion of helper/inducer T cells as identified by Leu 3 monoclonals. 131I treatment also decreased the capacity of lymphocytes to secrete immunoglobulins (Ig) when stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The greatest effect was observed for IgM. Secretion of IgG and IgA were less reduced. Mitogenic stimulations of lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A were not significantly changed. It is concluded that these findings, with the exception of mitogen reactivity, are largely similar to those occurring following external radiation therapy for cancer. It is suggested that blood lymphocytes passing through the continuously irradiated gland are damaged mainly by beta-rays. The effect of 32P treatment on the blood lymphocyte population was examined in 16 patients with polycythemia vera. Before treatment the lymphocyte counts were within the normal range but the expression of certain membrane structures, as identified by monoclonal antibodies against total T cells (Leu 1 and 4), helper/inducer (Leu 3) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (Leu 2), were slightly decreased. Moreover, mitogenic responses of the lymphocytes to PHA and PWM-induced Ig secretion were impaired. Following a single oral dose of 32P (150-305 MBq), which normalized the production of erythrocytes and/or platelets, the blood lymphocyte counts were reduced by approximately 40 per cent 12 weeks after treatment. Examination of subsets demonstrated that the proportion of B-cells, as identified by B1 monoclonal antibodies, was decreased by the highest relative extent. On the other hand, lymphocytes expressing the above-mentioned T cell markers were somewhat increased. 32P treatment markedly increased PHA reactivity but it further reduced PWM-induced Ig secretion. The latter observation was in agreement with the finding that serum concentrations of Ig were reduced after treatment. PMID- 3257475 TI - Age-related involution and terminal disorganization of the human thymus. AB - The terminal involution pattern of the human thymus was studied based on autopsy cases (both sexes, age range 63-91 years). Large sections through the entire thymic fat body were examined with the help of both conventional histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The findings demonstrate that thymic atrophy in old humans (a) goes far beyond the degree of involution observed in small rodents; (b) results in a system of thin, branching, in part interrupted, non keratinizing epithelial plates containing no typical Hassall bodies; (c) concerns all components of the thymus except fat tissue which progressively replaces original thymic structures; and (d) involves various types of disorganization of individual lobules with T and B lymphocytes often located outside rather than within epithelial remnants. Effects of low-level radiation on this final regression of the human thymus are unknown. PMID- 3257476 TI - Age-related alteration in the composition of immunocompetent blood cells in atomic bomb survivors. AB - A total of 1328 atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima were studied to determine alterations in the number of blood lymphocytes belonging to T-cell subpopulations, the number of CD19 antigen-positive B cells and the number of Leu 7 and CD16 antigen-positive lymphocytes. Overall, with increasing age, significant decreasing trends in the numbers of some lymphocytes in T-cell subpopulations and of B cells were observed. Furthermore, the number of blood lymphocytes positive for CD5 antigen was significantly lower in the people exposed to radiation (greater than 1 Gy) in the older age group (more than 30 years old at the time of the bombing). A similar tendency for decreases in the numbers of CD4, CD8, and CD19 antigen-positive cells was observed in these older survivors, although the differences were not statistically significant. These results suggest that aging of the T-cell related immune system is accelerated in the irradiated people of advanced age. This may be explained by the age-related decrease in thymic function in those subjects who were older at the time of the bombing resulting in a decreased functional ability of the immune system after radiation injury. On the contrary, the number of Leu 7 or CD16 antigen-positive cells was found to be increased significantly in the older age group compared to the younger group, although there was little dependence on dose. PMID- 3257477 TI - Human lymphocytes exposed to low doses of ionizing radiations become refractory to high doses of radiation as well as to chemical mutagens that induce double strand breaks in DNA. AB - Human lymphocytes exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation from incorporated tritiated thymidine or from X-rays become less susceptible to the induction of chromatid breaks by high doses of X-rays. This response can be induced by 0.01 Gy (1 rad) of X-rays, and has been attributed to the induction of a repair mechanism that causes the restitution of X-ray-induced chromosome breaks. Because the major lesions responsible for the induction of chromosome breakage are double-strand breaks in DNA, attempts have been made to see if the repair mechanism can affect various types of clastogenic lesions induced in DNA by chemical mutagens and carcinogens. When cells exposed to 0.01 Gy of X-rays or to low doses of tritiated thymidine were subsequently challenged with high doses of tritiated thymidine or bleomycin, which can induce double-strand breaks in DNA, or mitomycin C, which can induce cross-links in DNA, approximately half as many chromatid breaks were induced as expected. When, on the other hand, the cells were challenged with the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), which can produce single-strand breaks in DNA, approximately twice as much damage was found as was induced by MMS alone. The results indicate that prior exposure to 0.01 Gy of X-rays reduces the number of chromosome breaks induced by double-strand breaks, and perhaps even by cross-links, in DNA, but has the opposite effect on breaks induced by the alkylating agent MMS. The results also show that the induced repair mechanism is different from that observed in the adaptive response that follows exposure to low doses of alkylating agents. PMID- 3257478 TI - Frequencies of chromosomal aberrations induced in human blood lymphocytes by low doses of X-rays. AB - The dose-response for radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes is usually fitted to the quadratic model. This assumes that the slope is essentially linear at low doses. Empirical observations of linearity at less than 200 mGy are, however, sparse. Some data have been published indicating a non linear (threshold) response and these are reviewed. In particular one study with X-rays showed a plateau in response up to 50 mGy and with a significant dip below the control level at 4 mGy. The mechanism proposed to explain non-linearity is that low doses stimulate the enzymic repair capability of lymphocytes. Preliminary data are presented from a large experiment by six laboratories in which the low dose-response for X-rays has been re-examined. The plateau in the dose-response relationship, if it exists, does not extend to doses above approximately 10 mGy. No irradiated cells yielded aberration levels significantly below the control. Over the range 0-300 mGy the response can be fitted to a linear regression. There are, however, variations in sensitivity between cells from different donors. An unexpected finding was that some lymphocytes contained greater than 1 exchange aberrations. This may indicate a small subset of cells that are especially susceptible to the induction of aberrations by low doses. PMID- 3257479 TI - Radiation-induced interphase death of rat thymocytes is internally programmed (apoptosis). AB - Thymocytes are highly radiosensitive and show 'interphase death' within a few hours after low doses of irradiation. However, the mechanisms responsible for this type of death remain ill-defined. Separation of the dead thymocyte fraction from irradiated thymocyte suspensions by centrifugation on Percoll gradients provided homogeneous populations of dead cells suitable for detailed study. Using this method, radiation-induced interphase death of thymocytes was found to involve a sharp but transient increase in buoyant density, concomitant with the appearance of distinctive morphologic changes which included disappearance of microvilli and blistering of the cell surface. The chromatin in the dead cells had a molecular weight sufficiently low to resist sedimentation, and consisted of short oligonucleosome chains. We were unable to detect populations of cells intermediate between the dead and normal in the above characteristics. Interphase death thus involves a discrete, abrupt transition from the normal state and is not merely the consequence of progressive and degenerative changes. Furthermore, immediate cessation of development of interphase death by cycloheximide suggested a possible involvement of protein synthesis on this transition step. PMID- 3257480 TI - The effect of low-dose irradiation on unstimulated and PHA-stimulated human lymphocyte subsets. AB - A culture system was used to evaluate the radiosensitivity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Leu 19+ cells, and B cells obtained from normal adult males. Unstimulated CD8+ lymphocytes (D0 = 55 cGy) were twice as radiosensitive as CD4+ cells (D0 = 115 cGy). B cells had an intermediate radiosensitivity (D0 = 100 cGy). Leu 19+ cells were much more radioresistant and expressed a D0 of 550 cGy. When lymphoid cells were irradiated 1 or 4 days before phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, they were more radiosensitive than if they were first stimulated with PHA and then irradiated. When lymphoid cells were irradiated 1 h after PHA stimulation each lymphocyte subset was characterized by an increase in the D0 to 150 cGy for B cells to 290 cGy for CD4+ cells, and to 240 cGy for CD8+ cells. In contrast, Leu 19+ cells exhibited a decrease in their D0 to 290 cGy after they were stimulated by PHA. PMID- 3257481 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive nerves in human and rhesus monkey eyes. AB - Using immunohistochemical methods, calcitonin gene-related peptide localizes to peripheral nerve fibers of the human and rhesus monkey eye. Immunoreactive nerve fibers are found in the cornea, about limbal blood vessels and in the trabecular meshwork. Many immunoreactive iris nerve fibers are present, mostly within the stroma. A particularly dense network occurs just anterior to the iris sphincter muscle, but only a small number of immunoreactive nerve fibers are visualized within it. The ciliary muscle and ciliary processes also are innervated. Immunoreactive nerve fibers are associated with uveal blood vessels, most prominently in the choroid and ciliary body. Apposition of immunoreactive nerve fibers to uveal melanocytes is seen. In lower mammalian species, calcitonin gene related peptide co-localizes with substance P in many ocular nerve fibers. The comparative distribution in human and monkey eyes of nerve fibers immunoreactive to these two peptides is discussed. PMID- 3257482 TI - Effect of position change on mixed venous oxygen saturation in coronary artery bypass surgery patients. PMID- 3257483 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila cellulitis and wound infections caused by waterborne organisms. PMID- 3257484 TI - Distribution of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase in eubacteria. AB - The distribution of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, which activates formate for use as a one-carbon donor in a variety of biosynthetic reactions, was determined for a variety of eubacteria. Organisms from several genera were found to lack detectable synthetase activity; however, all organisms tested were found to contain 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 3257485 TI - Localization of neurochemical effects of cocaine and other stimulants in the human brain. AB - The cocaine epidemic is a complex problem that has defied conventional medical, psychological, and legal interventions. A better understanding of the brain mechanisms that lead to cocaine's unsurpassed euphoric and reinforcing effects, as well as to associated physical brain damage, will be needed to develop new treatment strategies. Although much work has been done on cocaine's effects in the brains of animals, most techniques used have not been safe for human subjects. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers a unique opportunity for studying the cerebral biochemistry of cocaine abuse in humans. The authors present preliminary data from their ongoing studies of the effects of cocaine and related psychostimulants on the brain's energy requirements and on catecholamine neurotransmitter systems. PMID- 3257486 TI - Cocaine abuse: historical, epidemiological, and psychological perspectives. PMID- 3257488 TI - Isolation and characterization of complementary DNAs encoding human pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein. AB - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PS beta G) isolated from human placenta consists of a set of at least three glycoproteins with apparent molecular masses of 72, 64, and 54 kDa, respectively. This heterogeneity is confirmed by the detection of three nonglycosylated polypeptides of 50, 48, and 36 kDa, which can be immunoprecipitated by antiserum to placental PS beta G obtained by in vitro translation of placental poly(A)+ RNA. To examine the structural relationships between these proteins, two cDNA clones of 1912 base pairs (PSG16) and 2131 base pairs (PSG93) encoding human PS beta Gs were isolated from a human placental lambda gt11 cDNA library. The sequenced portions of these two cDNAs are identical with the exception that clone PSG93 contains an additional 86 base pairs at the end of the common 3'-coding region. This insertion could result in the generation of a PS beta G species of 419 amino acid residues instead of the 417 amino acid residues predicted by the sequence of clone PSG16. The calculated molecular masses of the two polypeptides encoded by PSG16 and PSG93 are 46.9 and 47.2 kDa, close to the size of the major nonglycosylated PS beta G of 48 kDa. The identity of proteins coded for by these cDNA clones was confirmed by comparing the predicted amino acid sequences to sequences determined from endoproteinase Lys-C peptides obtained from human placental PS beta G. Two placental PS beta G mRNAs of 2200 bases (major) and 1700 bases (minor) have been detected by Northern hybridization analysis. Primer extension and S1 nuclease mapping experiments demonstrated that PS beta G mRNAs have heterogeneous 5' termini. PMID- 3257487 TI - Preventing relapse to cocaine. AB - An effective treatment program for cocaine addiction must incorporate education and counseling. Education is a key element in preventing relapse; patients must be taught to understand the subtle cues by which they are affected, the multiple factors that drive their cocaine use, and the need for complete abstinence from all mood-altering substances, including alcohol and marijuana. Although abstinence is essential to relapse prevention, it is not the only issue. Recovery can be achieved only when patients change their attitudes and behaviors that led to and/or were associated with drug use. Patients must learn: (1) that relapse begins long before drug use occurs, (2) to anticipate high-risk situations, and (3) to develop alternative coping skills to manage the stress and frustration of daily life. Moreover, if relapse does occur, it must be viewed as a learning event rather than as a negative, guilt-provoking disaster in order to avoid recurrences. Analytically oriented psychotherapy is contraindicated early in therapy; counseling and self-help groups must provide support that is reality based. PMID- 3257489 TI - Growth factor control of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity via an intramolecular mechanism. AB - The mechanism by which the protein kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is activated by binding of growth factor was investigated. Detergent-solubilized receptor in monomeric form was isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and both its kinase and autophosphorylation activities monitored. In a low ionic strength medium and with MnCl2 as an activator, the activity of the monomeric receptor was EGF-independent. However, with 0.25 M ammonium sulfate present, the MnCl2-stimulated kinase activity was strikingly EGF dependent. In contrast, the kinase activity expressed in the presence of MgCl2 showed growth factor control in the absence of added salt. Under the conditions of these experiments there was apparently little tendency for growth factor to induce aggregation of the receptor, indicating that the allosteric activation of the receptor kinase by EGF occurred via an intramolecular mechanism. Whereas detergent-solubilized receptor was the subject of these studies, the kinase activity of cell surface receptors might also be controlled by an intramolecular mechanism. These results indicate that an individual receptor molecule has the potential to function as a transmembrane signal transducer. PMID- 3257490 TI - Isoprenoid biosynthesis in the retina. Quantitation of the sterol and dolichol biosynthetic pathways. AB - The isoprenoid pathway provides several important products for retina function. In this study the sterol and dolichol pathways were investigated in retinas from Rana pipiens in order to assess the contribution of de novo synthesis. Levels of 5.9 +/- 2.0 (n = 13) nmol/retina for squalene, 134 +/- 27 (n = 16) nmol/retina for cholesterol, and 0.14 +/- 0.04 (n = 11) nmol/retina for dolichyl phosphate (Dol-P) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. When whole retinas were incubated with 3H2O, radioactivity was incorporated into compounds which chromatographed on reversed-phase and silica high performance liquid chromatography at the elution positions of squalene, cholesterol, lathosterol, and methyl sterols. From these results, the upper limit for the absolute rate of the sterol pathway was estimated to be 3.4 pmol/h. When retinas were incubated with [3H]acetate, the major labeled product was squalene. The relatively low level of incorporation into cholesterol was apparently due to a substantial pool of squalene which accumulated de novo incorporated [3H]acetate. Dol-P was also labeled with [3H]acetate, and by comparing the ratio of 3H incorporation into Dol-P/squalene with the absolute rate of the sterol pathway, the absolute rate of Dol-P synthesis was determined to be 0.022 pmol/h. Our calculations indicate that the retina does not synthesize sufficient quantities of cholesterol de novo to account for that which is utilized in the biogenesis of rod outer segment membranes. PMID- 3257491 TI - Release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum by bile acids in rat liver cells. AB - The effects of four bile acids on cell Ca2+ were examined in suspensions of isolated rat hepatocytes. Taurolithocholate and lithocholate which inhibit bile secretion increased the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration (ED50, 25 microM), as measured by the fluorescent indicator quin2, and promoted a net loss of Ca2+ from the cells. This effect resulted from rapid mobilization of Ca2+ from an intracellular Ca2+ store. This store corresponds to the one that is permeabilized by the inositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate-dependent hormone vasopressin. However, taurolithocholate and lithocholate, unlike the hormone, did not induce a significant accumulation of inositol trisphosphate fraction in isolated hepatocytes. In addition, these agents did not alter the cell and the mitochondria membrane permeability to ions. When applied to saponin-permeabilized cells, taurolithocholate and lithocholate released Ca2+ (ED50, 20 microM) from an ATP-dependent, nonmitochondrial pool which is sensitive to inositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate. In contrast, the bile acids taurocholate and cholate, which increase bile secretion, had no effect on cell Ca2+ in intact hepatocytes or in saponin-permeabilized hepatocytes. It is suggested that taurolithocholate and lithocholate permeabilize the endoplasmic reticulum to Ca2+ and that the resulting permeabilization of this compartment may be involved in the inhibition of bile secretion in mammalian liver. PMID- 3257492 TI - Gene 19 of bacteriophage T7. Overexpression, purification, and characterization of its product. AB - Gene 18 and 19 proteins of bacteriophage T7 are essential for DNA maturation and packaging. The phage capsid is the site of both maturation and packaging of T7 DNA. Both gene 18 and 19 proteins bind to capsid intermediates during DNA packaging but are not found in mature virions, suggesting that they play a direct role in the enzymatic mechanisms of DNA maturation and packaging. As part of an effort to reconstitute T7 DNA maturation and packaging with purified components, we have cloned and overexpressed T7 gene 19 in Escherichia coli. Gene 19 has been inserted downstream from the bacteriophage PL promoter controlled by the temperature-sensitive lambda repressor encoded by c1857. Upon thermal induction, most of the overproduced gene 19 protein is insoluble and inactive. However, by attenuation of the expression of gene 19 from the PL promoter, significant levels of soluble and active gene 19 protein are produced. Soluble gene 19 protein can be monitored by its ability to complement extracts of T7-infected cells for packaging of exogenous DNA. We have used this assay to monitor the activity of gene 19 protein during purification. The native protein is a monomer of molecular weight 66,000. We have also tested for the formation of a stable complex between gene 18 and 19 proteins. Coproduction of gene 18 and 19 proteins has no effect on either the solubility or activity of gene 19 protein, despite the fact that gene 18 protein is produced at at least 10-fold greater rates. Furthermore, we find no evidence for any interaction between soluble gene 18 and 19 proteins in extracts or between the purified proteins. PMID- 3257493 TI - Regulation of microautophagy and basal protein turnover in rat liver. Effects of short-term starvation. AB - Basal rates of long-lived (resident) protein degradation in rat liver, measured during perfusion after amino acid suppression of macroautophagy, were shown to be strongly regulated by caloric deprivation, decreasing 70% over 48 h in animals fed a high protein diet and 50% in normal controls. Intralysosomal pools of degradable protein correlated directly with basal turnover over this range, yielding a slope (0.09 min-1) that was virtually identical with previous estimates of macroautophagic turnover. The specific radioactivity of valine released from lysosomes in previously labeled livers was the same as that in plasma in both basal and deprivation-induced states. Quantitative electron microscopy revealed a significant decrease with starvation in the absolute volume of a class of secondary lysosome (type A) previously associated with basal or microautophagy. By contrast, the volumes of other microautophagic forms, which comprised roughly 10% of the total, did not change. Taking 0.087 min-1 as the turnover constant of degradable intralysosomal protein and assuming that the concentration of sequestered protein was the same in all vacuoles as that in cytoplasm, we obtained close agreement between predicted and observed rates of basal protein turnover over the range of regulation. The results support the view that the lysosomal system is the final step in the basal degradation of long lived proteins in the hepatocyte and that a specific class of secondary lysosome (type A) plays a direct role in its regulation during caloric starvation. PMID- 3257494 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after major amputation. AB - We studied the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on stump healing and postoperative and late phantom pain after major amputations of the lower limb. A total of 51 patients were randomised to one of three postoperative treatment regimens: sham TENS and chlorpromazine medication, sham TENS only, and active low frequency TENS. There were fewer re-amputations and more rapid stump healing among below-knee amputees who had received active TENS. Sham TENS had a considerable placebo effect on pain. There were, however, no significant differences in the analgesic requirements or reported prevalence of phantom pain between the groups during the first four weeks. The prevalence of phantom pain after active TENS was significantly lower after four months but not after more than one year. PMID- 3257495 TI - Surgical A-V fistula in aortocoronary snake graft. Preliminary report. AB - In coronary artery surgery, when a poor distal run of can predict an early graft failure, it might be useful to perform the last anastomosis to a low pressure chamber thus creating a small arterio-venous (A-V) fistula. From January throughout December 1984, 4 patients underwent coronary angiography for severe symptoms of angina. The coronary angiography showed multiple stenoses on the left anterior descending (LAD), ventricular branches of the circumflex (CX), and posterior descending of the right coronary artery (PD). At operation the patients received a sequential aortocoronary bypass graft with reversed saphenous vein, plus the creation of a small A-V fistula into the right atrium in order to improve the graft flow and patency. All patients experienced a clinical improvement. No adverse effects have been observed and the patients, controlled clinically with non invasive and in two cases with invasive techniques, showed satisfactory revascularization. PMID- 3257496 TI - Low-dose cyclosporin A induces relapsing remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats is an acute monophasic autoimmune disease. It can be treated prophylactically and therapeutically with high doses of cyclosporin A (CsA). Here we demonstrate that low-dose CsA does not prevent a first attack of EAE, but, on the contrary, induces a chronic relapsing form of the disease in 100% of Lewis rats examined. Possible explanations for the high relapse rate after low-dose CsA treatment are discussed. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the immunological mechanisms responsible for these results. PMID- 3257497 TI - Chemical sympathectomy augments the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. PMID- 3257498 TI - Seasonal modulation of the circadian time structure of circulating T and natural killer lymphocyte subsets from healthy subjects. AB - A seasonal modulation of the circadian time structure of circulating T and natural killer (NK) lymphocyte subtypes was documented in five healthy men aged 24-36 yr. Venous blood was obtained every 4 h for 24 h from each subject in January, March, June, August, and November 1984. Three subjects were also studied in April and/or August and/or November 1983 for the T subsets only. Mononuclear cells were isolated on Ficoll-Paque gradient and aliquots were incubated with OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, or HNK-1 monoclonal antibodies for characterizing all, T, T helper, T suppressor-cytotoxic, and NK lymphocytes, respectively, under an epifluorescence microscope. An effect of both sampling time and study month was statistically validated (P less than 0.01) with both two-way analysis of variance and cosinor for the peripheral counts in total, pan-T, T helper, and NK lymphocytes (cells per cubic millimeter). Seasonal changes affected both the circadian patterns and the 24-h mean values. Thus the double amplitude (total extent of variation) of the circadian rhythm in circulating total, T and T helper lymphocytes varied between 0 in March (P greater than 0.30; no rhythm) and up to 46-68% of the 24-h-mean (M) in November, with acrophases (times of maximum, 0) localized in the first half of the night (P less than 0.001). Maximal values were found at 8:30 h for both T suppressor-cytotoxic and NK lymphocytes; a smaller second peak was also found at 20:30 h, and a 12-h rhythm was validated by cosinor (P less than 0.0001), with no patient change in waveform along the year scale. A circannual rhythm was statistically validated by cosinor for total (0 in November), pan-T (0 in March), T suppressor-cytotoxic (0 in December), and NK lymphocytes (0 in October). A rhythm with a period equal to 6 mo was found for circulating T helper cells with 0 occurring both in April and October. Seasonal variations in the incidence of several immunologically related diseases may correspond to an endogenous circannual time structure. PMID- 3257499 TI - Expression of crossreactive idiotypes by human antibodies specific for the capsular polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae B. AB - Human antibodies specific, for polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP), the capsular polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae b, were studied using idiotypic analysis. Antisera were prepared against purified F(ab')2 anti-PRP from two unrelated adults, H.H. and P.T. After repeated absorption with IgG myeloma proteins and with PRP-absorbed normal human Ig and donor Ig, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) sera were obtained that specifically reacted with anti-PRP antibodies. Anti-IdHH and anti-IdPT reciprocally crossreacted with H.H. and P.T. anti-PRP antibodies and F(ab')2 fragments, and also reacted with the serum anti-PRP antibodies from three additional adults unrelated to P.T. and H.H. Both anti-Id sera partially inhibited anti-PRP paratopes but not anti-tetanus toxoid paratopes. PRP did not inhibit anti-Id recognition of shared or crossreactive idiotypic (CRI) determinants. Naturally occurring and PRP immunization-induced anti-PRP antibodies expressed CRI. While CRI titer increased after immunization, the increase was usually less than the rise in total anti-PRP antibody. Quantitative differences in CRI expression were also apparent between natural and immunization induced H.H. and P.T. anti-PRP antibodies as shown by their differential inhibitability by anti-Id. Our data demonstrate that anti-PRP antibodies from five unrelated adults express CRI determinants that are probably distant from the PRP combining site. Naturally occurring and immunization-induced anti-PRP antibodies share CRI and therefore appear to be clonally related, although immunization apparently induces the expression CRI-negative antibodies as well. These results, taken with previous studies showing restricted and identical anti PRP isoelectric focusing spectrotypes in unrelated adults, suggest that some PRP specific V domains are structurally conserved and probably germ-line encoded. PMID- 3257500 TI - Nuclear disintegration induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Evidence against damage to the nuclear envelope of the target cell. AB - CTL and NK cells induce nuclear disintegration in their target cells. This phenomenon, which is seen as extensive fragmentation and solubilization of target cell DNA, is not seen with most other means of inducing cytolysis, including antibody- and complement-mediated cytolysis. We have previously shown that the degree of DNA solubilization is dependent upon the nature of the target cell. We here investigate the possibility that CTL induce, in all targets, damage to the nuclear envelope, which in turn leads to nuclear disintegration in only some of them. We reasoned that damage to the nuclear envelope would render nuclear DNA more accessible to exogenous DNase. Therefore, we determined the susceptibility of target DNA to exogenous DNase I after cytolysis by various means. We found no difference in DNA susceptibility for cells lysed by CTL vs methods (such as complement-mediated lysis or nonionic detergent) incapable of inducing nuclear disintegration. As a positive control, freezing and thawing dramatically enhanced susceptibility of the DNA. In conclusion, we found no evidence that the nuclear envelope is damaged by CTL in target cell types (or in the subpopulation of nuclei) that do not undergo nuclear disintegration. PMID- 3257501 TI - Autoreactive T cells in mercury-induced autoimmunity. Ability to induce the autoimmune disease. AB - It has been previously shown that autoreactive T cells appear during mercury induced autoimmunity in Brown-Norway (BN) rats. In the present work, it is shown that: 1) T cells and T helper cells from HgCl2-injected BN rats are able to actively transfer autoimmunity in normal BN rats; the disease transferred is exacerbated when recipients are treated with the antisuppressor/cytotoxic T cell monoclonal antibody (OX8); 2) normal T cells preincubated with HgCl2 are also able to transfer the disease in OX8-treated but not in T cell-depleted rats; and 3) T cells from HgCl2-injected BN rats also transferred the disease in both normal and T cell depleted rats. It is concluded that: 1) autoreactive T cells, and presumably anti-Ia T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of mercury induced autoimmunity; 2) these autoreactive T cells induce suppressor/cytotoxic T cells to proliferate in normal syngeneic recipients; the fact that this T cell subset did not proliferate in HgCl2-injected BN rats suggests that HgCl2 also affects T suppressor cells; and 3) mercury-induced autoimmunity could result from the additive effect of the emergence of autoreactive T cells and of a defect at the T suppressor level. PMID- 3257502 TI - Functional properties of human B cell subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies HB4 and FMC7. AB - Human B cell subpopulations can be distinguished by the expression of B cell associated antigens. mAb directed against these structures allow the isolation and subsequent functional analysis of such subsets. Blood B cells from healthy individuals were separated on basis of the expression of the antigens recognized by the mAb HB4 and FMC7. The B cells present in the thus obtained populations were analyzed for their ability to secrete IgM and IgG after stimulation in vitro with polyclonal B cell activators (PWM, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I), antigens (tetanus toxoid, type 4 pneumococcal polysaccharides), and soluble B cell differentiation factors. The results suggest that B cells capable of Ig and anti tetanus toxoid or anti-type 4 pneumococcal polysaccharide antibody production after in vitro culture are localized in a relative small B cell subpopulation carrying the FMC7 determinant but lacking HB4. This holds true for both the IgM- and IgG-secreting B cells. These data further suggest that the majority of B cells found in the blood and which can be characterized as being surface IgM+/IgD+ HB4+ are immature cells unable to respond to differentiation-inducing signals. PMID- 3257503 TI - Positive effects of interferon-alpha on B cell-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia proliferative response. AB - We studied the effect of recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on the proliferative response of normal human B cells and of lymphocytes from 10 patients with B cell-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We show that IFN-alpha, which has no effect on B cell proliferation when used alone, can synergize with anti-mu antibody and can support DNA synthesis by anti-mu activated B cells. This was observed with normal B cells and in 4 of 10 patients with B cell-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These four patients were all responders to B cell growth factor (BCGF), whereas the responsiveness to IFN-alpha was not correlated with that of IL-2. The positive functional relationship between IFN-alpha and BCGF in these patients is emphasized by the synergistic effect of these two factors in two of these patients, and the lack of inhibition of BCGF response by even supraoptimal concentrations of IFN-alpha. Among the subgroup of patients unable to respond to IFN-alpha, a synergy between IFN-alpha and IL-2 could be observed. PMID- 3257504 TI - T4 endocytosis and phosphorylation induced by phorbol esters but not by mitogen or HIV infection. AB - The T4 (CD4) molecule has been shown to facilitate the interactions of T cells with HLA class II determinants, to function as a signal transducing molecule, and to serve as a receptor for HIV. Recent studies demonstrated that both phorbol esters and antigen stimulation induced the rapid and transient modulation and phosphorylation of T4 on an IL-2-dependent line of cloned peripheral blood T4+ cells. In the current study, we define the kinetics of T4 phosphorylation and internalization induced by phorbol esters and determine the extent to which this metabolic pathway is required for T cell proliferation, activation, and HIV infection. On both peripheral blood T4+ cells and the T cell line Sup-T1, the modulation and internalization of surface T4 induced by phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDB) was preceded by rapid and transient phosphorylation. On both cell types, by 48 h, T4 was reexpressed on the cell surface in a nonphosphorylated form and was shown to be resistant to phosphorylation and internalization when these cells were reexposed to PDB. In contrast, T4 on the surface of PBL was neither phosphorylated nor down-modulated when PBL were stimulated by PHA, indicating that these effects were not simply the result of T cell activation or proliferation. In additional studies, we demonstrate that this pathway for T4 phosphorylation and internalization is not required for HIV infection by showing that 1) the binding of the HIV gp 120 envelope to T4 does not induce phosphorylation of T4, 2) Sup-T1 cells that are rendered resistant to phorbol ester-induced T4 internalization and phosphorylation by prolonged culture in PDB remain highly susceptible to HIV infection, and 3) clones of HIV-producing cells expressing high levels of surface T4 that is complexed with viral envelope remain susceptible to PDB-induced modulation of T4. This observation suggests that, at least on lymphoid cells, HIV penetration does not occur exclusively by R-mediated endocytosis. PMID- 3257505 TI - Effects of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1 on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan and DNA in cultured rat costal chondrocytes. AB - We examined effects of human rTNF alpha on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan and DNA in cultured rat costal chondrocytes. The effects of human recombinant IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta were also given attention. rTNF alpha, as well as rIL-1 alpha and rIL-1 beta, decreased the incorporation of [35S]sulfate into glycosaminoglycan to about 10% of the levels in the control. The half-maximal doses of rTNF alpha, rIL-1 alpha or rIL-1 beta required for the suppression of glycosaminoglycan synthesis (by rTNF alpha, rIL-1 alpha, and rIL-1 beta) were 2 ng/ml, 30 ng/ml, or 5 ng/ml, respectively. rTNF alpha stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine in the chondrocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. DNA synthesis was increased to about threefold over the control cultures in the presence of 1 microgram/ml rTNF alpha for 72 hr. The stimulatory effect of rTNF alpha on DNA synthesis was observed in both subconfluent and confluent cultures, whereas rIL-1 alpha and rIL-1 beta had no stimulatory activity on DNA synthesis. The addition of rTNF alpha to the cultures of chondrocytes stimulated DNA synthesis, even in medium containing no fetal calf serum. The fetal calf serum acted synergistically with rTNF alpha in increasing DNA synthesis. We propose that both TNF and IL-1 may be involved in inflammatory diseases of cartilage, and that TNF alpha, but not IL-1, may have some physiologic growth factor function for chondrocytes. PMID- 3257506 TI - Keratinocyte-derived granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces DNA synthesis by peritoneal macrophages. AB - Keratinocytes have been demonstrated to produce a number of cytokines, including growth factors such as the CSF IL-3. Circulating blood monocytes and some elicited macrophages retain a significant proliferative potential in response to colony-stimulating activity. Because a macrophage response is prominent in a variety of cutaneous immune reactions, we have studied the ability of conditioned media (CM) from a transformed murine keratinocyte cell line (PAM 212) and from normal murine keratinocytes to induce growth of peritoneal macrophages. CM from both normal and transformed keratinocyte cultures induces [3H]thymidine incorporation by thioglycollate-elicited, but not resident, peritoneal macrophages. IEF of PAM 212 CM reveals peaks of activity at pI 4.8 and less than or equal to 4.2. Analysis of CM by reversed-phase HPLC demonstrates active fractions that elute at 46 to 48% and 53 to 55% acetonitrile. The Mr of the 46 to 48% acetonitrile factor is 25 to 30 kDa by gel filtration HPLC. Polyclonal anti granulocyte/macrophage (GM) CSF antibody blocks the induction of macrophage [3H]thymidine incorporation by factors with pI 4.8 and eluting at 46 to 48% acetonitrile but does not reduce the activity of crude CM or the factor eluting at 53 to 55% acetonitrile. Based on both physiochemical criteria and antibody neutralization, keratinocytes produce GM-CSF. Keratinocyte-derived factors, including GM-CSF, may play an important role in regulating cutaneous macrophage responses. PMID- 3257507 TI - Selective idiotype suppression of an adoptive secondary antiacetylcholine receptor antibody response by immunotoxin treatment before transfer. AB - Acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-immune lymph node cells were treated with Id specific immunotoxin before their transfer and antigenic challenge in adoptive recipient rats. In contrast to untreated, AChR-immune lymph node cells that, when challenged, produced high titers of serum anti-AChR antibody, in vitro anti-Id ricin A chain treatment significantly inhibited anti-AChR antibody responses upon adoptive transfer. The inhibition was specific in that control lymph node cells immune to keyhole limpet hemocyanin were unaffected and totally responsive after treatment by the same immunotoxin. Furthermore, evidence is presented by isoelectric focusing analysis that the anti-Id antibody preparation used in this study contains all of the specificities required to eliminate the entire spectrum of AChR-reactive B cell clones. PMID- 3257508 TI - The B cell-associated CD37 antigen (gp40-52). Structure and subcellular expression of an extensively glycosylated glycoprotein. AB - The human B lymphocyte-associated CD37 antigen (gp40-52) has been characterized by the monoclonal antibody HD28. The CD37 antigen is strongly expressed on surface immunoglobulin positive B lymphocytes and weakly on a subpopulation of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells. The total molecular mass of the antigen ranges from approximately 40 to 52 kDa in B cell-derived leukemias and malignant lymphomas as well as in normal and anti-mu/B cell growth factor-activated tonsillar B cells. The polydisperse nature of the electrophoretic pattern of the CD37 antigen was found to be due to a microheterogeneity in its carbohydrate moiety. Biochemical analysis showed that the CD37 antigen derived from B cell lines BJAB and LICR-LON-HMy2 consists of a single chain protein core of approximately 25 kDa to which two N-linked, complex carbohydrate antennae of various length are bound. The glycosylation of the molecule comprises about 50% of the total molecular mass. The molecule does not contain O-linked carbohydrate chains. In contrast, the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell line, OCI.LY1, which is growth-dependent on human serum, carries a CD37 antigen with an additional carbohydrate chain resulting in a total molecular mass of approximately 40 to 64 kDa. At the electron microscopy level, this cell surface-expressed antigen was found to be associated with intracellular vesicles. The subcellular distribution of the CD37 antigen may reflect a function of this antigen both at the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. We found that, both due to its peculiar biochemical structure and its ultrastructural distribution, the CD37 antigen closely resembles the 46-kDa species of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor. The implications of this possible congruence for the function of the CD37 antigen are discussed. PMID- 3257509 TI - Selective effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and corticosteroid on in vitro lymphocyte maturation. AB - The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the corticosteroid dexamethasone have potent effects on lymphocyte function, although the effects of the former have not been well characterized. In the present studies murine B cell maturation was used as a model system to examine and compare the effects of TCDD and dexamethasone on cell function. Immunosuppression by TCDD and dexamethasone is mediated by binding to specific intracellular R referred to as the Ah and glucocorticoid R, respectively. Although both compounds were comparable in their ability to inhibit antibody responses to the T independent antigen TNP-LPS, the events responsible for suppression were found to be distinct. Dexamethasone, although affecting multiple stages of B cell maturation, had its primary effect very early, manifested by inhibition of the phosphoinositide signal transduction pathway. This was evidenced by a decrease in accumulation of inositol phosphate and surface Ia antigen expression as well as an inability to enter the cell cycle after stimulation with anti-Ig. In contrast, neither early signaling events nor proliferation were affected in B cells treated with TCDD. However, TCDD inhibited Ig secretion after stimulation of B cells with T cell-replacing factor, suggesting that TCDD modulates the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. These differential results were confirmed by monitoring the expression of surface antigens that occur on B cells, including Ia, 7D4, and PC.2, during this maturational process. Whereas dexamethasone inhibited the expression of surface antigens that occur early in maturation (Ia and 7D4), TCDD blocked only the expression of the plasma cell marker PC.2. Although TCDD altered later stages of the B cell cycle, the presence of TCDD was required at the time of initial activation to be effective, suggesting that TCDD may interfere with early cell programming. PMID- 3257510 TI - An ELISA method for detecting antibodies to the T cell antigen receptor. AB - An ELISA method for the detection of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the T3-T cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex was devised. The T3-TCR complex was solubilised using digitonin and a rat anti-T3 MAb (Campath 3) was used to bind it to an ELISA plate. Normal rat serum was used to block cross-reactivity between the rat MAb and peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulins. The assay was tested on four T cell tumour lines and successfully detected MAbs to TCR beta chain variable regions, as well as the anti-T3 MAb UCHT1. Other anti-T3 MAbs were not detected because Campath 3 blocked their binding. None of a panel of MAbs reacting with other T cell surface antigens reacted in the assay. PMID- 3257511 TI - Analysis of the B lymphocyte repertoire by polyclonal activation. Hindrance by clones yielding antibodies which bind promiscuously to plastic. AB - We here describe a form of 'noise' in the ELISA as commonly performed on antigen coated microtiter trays that represents a major hindrance to the accurate enumeration of infrequent antibody-forming cell (AFC) precursors (AFCp) specific for epitopes on monomeric proteins. Supernatants from cultures of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine splenocytes, when split into aliquots and separately assayed, scored as positive in parallel on ELISA trays coated with unrelated proteins and on uncoated trays. Some properties of such coincident false positives (CFP) noted were: (1) optical density (OD) ranges for CFP and non CFP overlapped; (2) different members of CFP triplets on differently coated assay trays usually had similar OD values; (3) CFP-generating culture supernatants did not contain unusually high immunoglobulin concentrations; and (4) numbers of CFP forming supernatants increased with increasing input cells/culture consistent with causation by single AFCp present at an approximate mean frequency of 1 in 6600 CBA splenocytes. It is proposed that CFP are due to AFC clones that secrete antibody reactive with some epitope(s) present in the assay tray itself. Repertoire elements with such 'anti-plastic' characteristics are rarer than anti keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) AFCp, but at least as frequent as anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) or anti-transferrin (TFN) AFCp. PMID- 3257512 TI - Murine monoclonal isotype switch variants. Detection with rat monoclonal antibodies in ELISA and isolation by sequential sublining. AB - Isotype switch variants, which arise in monoclonal antibody-producing cell lines, can be detected and selected on the basis of sensitive isotype-specific assays. In this study we used a series of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for murine IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2a, IgE or IgA, which permitted the detection of low frequency switch variants of hybridoma cell lines, irrespective of the specificity of the secreted antibody. In these assays two rat monoclonal antibodies were combined: one specific for the particular heavy-chain isotype, the other for the light-chain isotype, which was identical in all variants. The value of rat monoclonal antibodies for the detection of isotype switch variants is illustrated by the isolation of a series of variant antibodies specific for the CD3 complex present on human T lymphocytes. PMID- 3257513 TI - Identification and characterization of chemoattractants for epidermal cells. AB - We have detected and partially characterized factors that promote the directed migration of mouse epidermal cells in a modified Boyden chamber assay. Smooth muscle cells grown in culture were found to secrete a potent chemoattractant for epidermal cells. This activity was further characterized and compared to the chemotactic activities found in wound fluid and conditioned medium from 3T3 L1 cells and with interleukin 1. The migration of epidermal cells during wound healing in vivo might be regulated by such factors. PMID- 3257514 TI - T6 positive cells in the peripheral blood of burn patients: are they Langerhans cells precursors? AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 14 patients suffering thermal injury were separated by affinity chromatography on peanut agglutinin (PNA) coupled to Sepharose macrobeads. The resulting PNA positive subset was 14% of the total mononuclear population. About 30% of these cells were found to coexpress T6(CD1), Ia-like and the myeloid differentiation antigens My4(CDw14) and Mo1(CD11). In comparison, the PNA+ subset from normal blood donors (about 5% of total mononuclear cells) contained mature monocytes that were found to be T6 negative. Electron microscopic studies using immunogold labeling showed that the T6 positive cells were slightly smaller than monocytes but larger than the classical lymphocytes and had common morphologic features with the Langerhans cells of the skin. Considering that patients suffering extensive damage of the epidermis require fast renewal of all skin elements, it is possible that the cells we identified in their peripheral blood are the precursors of the Langerhans cells of the skin en route from bone marrow to the epidermis. PMID- 3257516 TI - Granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells from human peripheral blood: modulation of growth in vitro by T lymphocytes and monocytes. AB - Cell fractionation techniques have been used for the purification and characterization of hematopoietic cells present in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Following fractionation, the distribution of hematopoietic cells is frequently determined by the granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming unit (CFU-gm) assay. In this study, we questioned whether the purification process itself altered the sensitivity of the CFU-gm assay through changes in the accessory cell populations. Experiments showed that following T cell depletion, the cloning efficiency of CFU-gm was suboptimal, since the addition of autologous T lymphocytes was stimulatory, even when the concentration of conditioned medium was optimal. In contrast, growth of CFU-gm was inhibited by monocytes, both in the presence and absence of T cells. Sensitivity to monocyte-derived inhibition occurred at significantly lower monocyte concentrations when T cells were present. Thus, stem cell purification techniques which deplete T lymphocytes or enrich monocytes have an adverse effect on the cloning efficiency of peripheral blood CFU-gm. This study presents culture techniques capable of circumventing these problems. PMID- 3257515 TI - Immunostimulatory capabilities of highly enriched Langerhans cells in vitro. AB - Langerhans cells (LC) are epidermal antigen-presenting cells capable of inducing allogenic, antigen-specific, and cytotoxic T cell proliferation. Previous studies have examined the dynamics of LC maintained in vitro in crude epidermal cell (EC) suspensions in which the major cell type is the keratinocyte (KC). To avoid the confounding effects of KC and other immunoregulatory cells on LC dynamics in vitro, highly enriched murine LC (85%) were studied, through 72 h of incubation in vitro, for their ability to present alloantigen (in a primary allogenic proliferation assay) and foreign antigen (in a secondary autologous proliferation assay). The results were compared to similar studies using crude EC suspensions. Freshly prepared LC are very poor stimulators of a primary allogenic proliferation response, with a 12- to 16-fold increase in stimulatory capacity by 72 h using panned-enriched and crude EC suspensions, respectively. Similarly, freshly prepared LC are weak stimulators of a secondary autologous proliferation response, with a 2.5- to 6-fold increase in immunostimulatory capability by 72 h. The overall increased stimulatory effect observed with the crude EC suspensions compared to highly enriched LC is most likely attributed to the effect of KC on T cell proliferation, rather than to a maturation effect of KC on LC during the 72 h of in vitro incubation. Using back-scattered electron imaging, the surface density of MHC-class II molecules (Ia) increased three- to fourfold through culture, which parallels the increase in functional ability. This study demonstrates that LC in either a crude or highly enriched cell suspension mature into potent immunostimulatory cells after incubation in vitro with an increased surface expression of Ia molecules. Keratinocytes are not necessary for LC maturation in vitro, but seem to exert some stimulatory effect by enhancing lymphocyte proliferation in the functional assay system. PMID- 3257517 TI - Insulin-like growth factor-I stimulates oxytocin and progesterone production by bovine granulosa cells in culture. AB - The effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) on production of oxytocin and progesterone by cultured bovine granulosa and luteal cells was studied. Secretion of oxytocin was stimulated, in a dose-dependent manner, by IGF I at 48 and 120 h of culture to levels much higher than those after stimulation with LH, FSH, EGF, FGF or NGF. A similar effect of IGF-I was observed for progesterone but, in contrast to oxytocin, secretion of progesterone was not increased by EGF, NGF or FGF. During primary culture, for 4 h, of dispersed bovine luteal cells obtained from corpora lutea between days 4 and 10 of the oestrous cycle, all the growth factors tested failed to stimulate secretion of oxytocin or progesterone. The data suggest the relevance of growth factors (especially IGF-I) for ovarian physiology and their possible importance for differentiation of follicles and luteinization. PMID- 3257518 TI - Empirically derived MMPI profiles. Coronary bypass surgery. AB - A cluster analysis of eight clinical scales of the MMPI-168 was performed on data from 129 subjects awaiting coronary bypass surgery. Four abnormal profiles were derived and these profiles were consistent with clinical expectancy. The five empirically derived profiles were labeled as a) normal--that is, no elevated scales; b) marginal distress--elevated Hs; c) conversion V--elevated Hs and Hy; d) neurotic--elevated Hs, D, Hy, and Pt; and e) generalized distress--elevated D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, and Sc. Subsequent postsurgical follow-ups were done at 3-, 12-, and 24-month intervals. These data suggest that the profiles retained their characteristic shape and were still statistically different from each other, but the overall elevation decreased significantly after successful surgical intervention. To externally validate these profiles, the five derived groups were compared in terms of Beck Depression scores and the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory. These results were consistent with the MMPI. These data are discussed in terms of developing models for assessing the interaction of personality and specific stressors. PMID- 3257519 TI - Interleukin-1 is an astroglial growth factor in the developing brain. AB - The immunomodulator interleukin-1 (IL-1) is found to be an astroglial growth factor during development of the mammalian brain. In vitro studies indicate that ameboid microglia, a class of brain mononuclear phagocytes, are the likely source of IL-1. Examination of different brain regions during development shows IL-1 production only after the appearance of ameboid microglia. These observations suggest that brain mononuclear phagocytes secrete growth factors that regulate normal growth and development of the CNS. PMID- 3257521 TI - Peripheral nerve stimulation suppression of C-fiber-evoked flexion reflex in rats. Part 2: Parameters of low-rate train stimulation of skin and muscle afferent nerves. AB - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an acknowledged clinical technique to alleviate chronic pain. Its effectiveness is still limited, however, and the stimulation parameters used are based on subjective reports from patients. In the present study, the systematic investigation of conditioning stimulation that was previously reported by the author has been extended to include short trains of stimuli at a low repetition rate (0.1 to 5 Hz) delivered to dissected skin and muscle nerves in the lightly anesthetized rat. The size of a C-fiber-evoked flexion reflex was utilized as a measure of transmission from nociceptive afferent nerve fibers in the spinal cord and was tested repeatedly after 30 minutes of conditioning TENS-like stimulation to adjacent nerves. At these low rates, stimulation of a muscle nerve was usually more effective in suppressing transmission from C-fibers to second-order neurons than was stimulation of a skin nerve. Furthermore, a stimulation strength recruiting both Group I-II and III muscle afferent fibers was more effective in depressing the C fiber-evoked activity at all frequencies studied than was that activating Group I II fibers only. A pulse-train repetition rate of around 1 Hz was most effective. These findings should be taken into account when carrying out clinical TENS treatment. PMID- 3257520 TI - Biphasic ventricular dilatation following posterior fossa subdural hematoma in the full-term neonate. AB - Five full-term neonates with a posterior fossa subdural hematoma caused by birth injury are reported. All of the patients were successfully treated with surgery. They all presented with biphasic ventricular dilatation as demonstrated by serial computerized tomography (CT) scanning. The initial dilatation due to obstructive hydrocephalus disappeared after removal of the hematoma; however, a second dilatation without obstruction of the ventricular system developed between 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was required in one case because of progressive enlargement of the head size in the chronic stage. The other four patients showed transient dilatation of the ventricles without symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with posterior fossa subdural hematoma is considered to be the most likely causative factor for the delayed ventricular dilatation. The degree of dilatation roughly depended on the volume of the subarachnoid clot that was demonstrated on the initial CT scan. PMID- 3257522 TI - Influence of iron and the sex of rats on hematological, biochemical and immunological changes during copper deficiency. AB - The influence of dietary iron and the sex of rats on suppressed lymphocyte functions caused by copper deficiency was examined. Male and female weanling Lewis rats were fed two concentrations of copper (0.6 or 5.6 micrograms Cu/g diet) and iron (50 or 300 micrograms Fe/g diet) for 42 d. Regardless of dietary iron concentrations, male and female rats consuming low copper diets had lower serum ceruloplasmin activity and serum and liver copper concentrations than those fed the high copper diet. However, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were higher in copper-deficient females than in copper-deficient males and were unaffected by copper deficiency in females fed the high iron diet. Copper-deficient females also had higher serum and liver iron concentrations than copper-deficient males. Proliferation of concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated spleen lymphoid cells (SLC) was suppressed in copper-deficient males and females, but the suppression was less in the females. Thus, the primary cause of suppressed SLC proliferation in copper-deficient rats is poor copper status; poor iron status induced by copper deficiency had little influence on proliferation. PMID- 3257523 TI - N-aryl 3-halogenated azetidin-2-ones and benzocarbacephems, inhibitors of beta lactamases. AB - N-(3-Carboxy-6-methylphenyl)-3-fluoroazetidin-2-one and a series of related N aryl-3-halo- and -3,3-dihaloazetidinones 3, in which the halo substituent is a fluorine or a bromine atom, were prepared by using the Wasserman procedure of cyclization of beta-bromopropionamides as a key step. Their affinities for the TEM-1 beta-lactamase were determined and compared with those of a series of tricyclic azetidinones, the benzocarbacephems 2, and known beta-lactamase inhibitors. The beta-lactams 2 and 3 behave as competitive inhibitors and not as substrates of the enzyme; neither halogen substitution (series 3) nor ring strain (series 2) induces enzymatic hydrolysis. PMID- 3257524 TI - Toward the synthesis of isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. Potent inhibitors of rat methionine adenosyltransferases. Effect of one-atom elongation of the ribose P alpha bridge in two covalent adducts of L-methionine and beta,gamma-imido-ATP. AB - With 2',3'-O-isopropylideneadenosine or its N6-benzoyl derivative as starting material, synthetic routes to two novel adducts of L-methionine and beta,gamma imido-ATP have been devised. One adduct, 14 (2:3 mixture of 6' epimers), had a P alpha OCH(R1)CH2 system [R1 = CH2-L-SCH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)CO2H] in place of the P alpha OC(5')H2 system of ATP, while the other, 16 (2:3 mixture of 5' epimers), had a P alpha OCH2CH2CH(R2) system [R2 = L-SCH2CH2CH(NH2)CO2H]. The ribose-P alpha bridge in 14 and 16 contained one more methylene group than in two homologous methionine-ATP adducts studied previously. Adduct 14 was a potent inhibitor of the rat M-2 (normal tissue) and M-T (Novikoff ascitic hepatoma) variants of methionine adenosyltransferase and gave competitive kinetics vs MgATP (Ki = 0.39 and 0.63 microM, respectively) or vs L-methionine (Ki = 2.2 and 2.7 microM). Adduct 16 was likewise a potent inhibitor competitive vs MgATP (Ki = 0.44 and 0.81 microM, respectively) or L-methionine (Ki = 2.1 and 1.5 microM). The kinetic data indicate that 14 and 16 inhibit by binding simultaneously to the MgATP and L-methionine substrate sites and that the extra methylene group facilitates the interaction of their methionine residues with these methionine sites. PMID- 3257525 TI - Fine structure of the fungiform papilla in a ranid frog (Rana esculenta). AB - The freetop of the fungiform papilla shows a sensorial area about 100 micron in diameter, surrounded by a ring of ciliated cells. Externally to the ciliated cells, i.e., in the lateral wall, numerous large goblet cells can be seen devoid of their mucous content. The sensorial area is composed by three types of cells: mucous, supporting, and neuroepithelial cells. Mucous cells form the most superficial layer, while the cell bodies of the other two are deep, and from them basal and apical processes arise. The above mentioned cells are connected by desmosomes preferentially located between the mucous and the supporting cells, rather than between the supporting and the neuroepithelial cells. The lateral wall of the papilla is made up of a multilayered epithelium that comprises two types of cells: the first type contains electron-dense granules and an abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, the others are ciliated cells. In the connective axis of the papilla, numerous fenestrated capillaries with endothelial vesiculated cells and nerve fibers are found. PMID- 3257526 TI - Repetitive weekly cycles of recombinant human interleukin-2: responses of renal carcinoma with acceptable toxicity. AB - A phase I trial of repetitive weekly cycles of human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) was performed in 23 patients with metastatic carcinoma. Patients received 4 days of IL-2 each week, followed by 3 days of observation, for 4 consecutive weeks. IL-2 was administered iv at 1.0 or 3.0 X 10(6) U/m2/day by one of three schedules involving continuous or bolus infusions. All treatment was carried out in a general hospital ward without intensive care unit monitoring or support. Seventeen patients had metastatic renal cell carcinoma; three of these demonstrated measurable (greater than 50% shrinkage) partial responses. This study demonstrates that IL-2 given alone without lymphokine-activated killer cells in this manner can induce antitumor effects with acceptable toxicity. PMID- 3257527 TI - Drug abuse among medical students at a Nigerian university: Part 1. Prevalence and pattern of use. AB - Using a structured pro forma, 728 out of 775 medical undergraduates at a Nigerian university were surveyed for the prevalence and pattern of drug use. An operational definition of substance abuse was made, and 28 percent of students fell within that criterion. Male abusers (81 percent) exceeded female abusers (19 percent). Substances most commonly abused were alcohol (60 percent), minor tranquilizers (48 percent), tobacco (35 percent), and narcotics (29 percent), particularly codeine. Only 11 percent abused cannabis. While most students were polydrug users, there was a low frequency of daily drug use. A general lifetime (occasional use) prevalence of substance use of 56 percent was found. Drugs consumed on a daily basis were alcohol (2 percent) and tobacco (6 percent). The prevalence of drug use was highest among the fourth and final year students. The majority of students were occasional abusers; there was no evidence of physical dependence. PMID- 3257528 TI - Fluorescein angiography for evaluation of intestinal intramural haemorrhage in abdominal missile injury. PMID- 3257529 TI - Positron emission tomographic scans in depressive disorders. PMID- 3257530 TI - Instrumentation in positron emission tomography. Council on Scientific Affairs. Report of the Positron Emission Tomography Panel. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) is a three-dimensional medical imaging technique that noninvasively measures the concentration of radiopharmaceuticals in the body that are labeled with positron emitters. With the proper compounds, PET can be used to measure metabolism, blood flow, or other physiological values in vivo. The technique is based on the physics of positron annihilation and detection and the mathematical formulations developed for x-ray computed tomography. Modern PET systems can provide three-dimensional images of the brain, the heart, and other internal organs with resolutions on the order of 4 to 6 mm. With the selectivity provided by a choice of injected compounds, PET has the power to provide unique diagnostic information that is not available with any other imaging modality. This is the first of five reports on the nature and uses of PET that have been prepared for the American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs by an authoritative panel. PMID- 3257531 TI - Dipyridamole-induced myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3257532 TI - Safety and efficacy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS. AB - The safety and efficacy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were evaluated. Sixty patients with a new diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma and no history of opportunistic infections were randomly assigned to receive 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim twice per day or no therapy. None of the 30 patients receiving sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim developed P carinii pneumonia. Sixteen of the 30 patients receiving no suppressive therapy developed P carinii pneumonia. Development of P carinii pneumonia was associated with the stage of Kaposi's sarcoma, B subtype disease, and the presence of 0.20 X 10(9)/L (200/mm3) or fewer CD4 cells at study entry. The proportion of patients surviving and the mean length of survival were significantly greater in the treatment group compared with the control group. Adverse reactions occurred in 15 patients (50%). PMID- 3257533 TI - The diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis. PMID- 3257534 TI - Correlations between hearing thresholds and caloric responses among a heterogeneous sample of dizzy patients. AB - Auditory and vestibular function were compared in a heterogeneous sample of dizzy patients (N = 52). Hearing thresholds for the conventional audiometric frequencies were measured for each patient and parceled into two frequency ranges, 0.25-1 kHz and 2-8 kHz. Hearing thresholds also were measured for each patient over an extended high-frequency range that included the frequencies 10, 12, and 14 kHz. Bithermal caloric responses for these patients were available and were grouped for unilateral weakness (UW) or no unilateral weakness (NOUW). Hearing thresholds ipsilateral to the side of unilateral weakness (UW) yielded significant (p less than .05) modest correlations (r = .39-.52) with UW for all three audiometric frequency ranges (N = 35). These findings do not suggest a strong tonotopic relation between the audiometric and UW data. Hearing thresholds for the frequency range 10-14 kHz, but not for the conventional audiometric frequencies, correlated with slow-phase eye velocity (SPV) when SPV was averaged across the four caloric conditions for each of 17 NOUW patients. The latter finding indicates a subtle trend for eye velocity to increase as a function of increasing hearing threshold. PMID- 3257535 TI - Immediate versus delayed coronary grafting after streptokinase treatment. Postoperative blood loss and clinical results. AB - Of all patients with acute evolving myocardial infarction treated surgically at Duke University Medical Center between 1984 and 1986, 27 patients given high doses (greater than 1.5 million units) of streptokinase preoperatively were studied. Eleven patients who received streptokinase had coronary bypass grafting 12 hours after thrombolytic therapy (early hours), eight patients between 12 and 72 hours (delayed), and eight patients beyond 72 hours (late hours). Seventeen patients who underwent coronary bypass grafting within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms, without preoperative streptokinase, were included as control patients. Only the patients having early operation had significantly greater postoperative blood loss; postoperative use of red blood cells; fresh-frozen plasma; cryoprecipitate; prolonged postoperative prothrombin time; and prolonged partial thromboplastin time. Patients having delayed or late operations did not differ significantly from patients not receiving streptokinase. Only the interval between time of streptokinase administration and operation could account for the coagulopathy and the postoperative bleeding complications in the early group. Patients in the early group had a higher in-hospital mortality (27% versus 6% for the non-streptokinase group) and major noncardiac morbidity (36% versus 12% for the non-streptokinase group). Patients in the delayed and late groups had minimal postoperative complications and no mortality. Observations were not explained by differences in total ischemic time, number of angioplasty failures, or number of patients with cardiogenic shock between the early group and the non-streptokinase group. Postoperative bleeding and massive use of blood products seemed to be contributory factors: Two of three deaths in the patients having early operations were associated with clinical suspicion of tamponade. Patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting within 12 hours of streptokinase therapy appear to be a high-risk group in a more emergent, uncontrolled clinical setting and require aggressive monitoring and correction of coagulopathy. PMID- 3257536 TI - Inadequate myocardial protection with cold cardioplegic arrest during repair of tetralogy of Fallot. AB - Postoperative low cardiac output is the most common cause of death in patients undergoing elective repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The incidence is much higher than in elective adult bypass operations for coronary artery disease. To explain this difference, we investigated 16 children having elective repair of tetralogy (mean age 6.3 years). Myocardial biopsy specimens obtained during bypass before arrest, at the end of cold arrest by blood cardioplegia, and after 30 minutes of reperfusion were studied for adenosine triphosphate and lactate levels. Myocardium was submitted for microscopic study shortly after the onset of ischemia. The operation was successful in reducing right ventricular-pulmonary artery gradients from 82 +/- 28 to 9 +/- 1 mm Hg, yet seven patients required significant inotropic support (dopamine, greater than 5 micrograms/kg/min) for more than 24 hours and 12 patients needed prolonged use of digoxin and diuretics for right ventricular failure. Tissue levels of adenosine triphosphate and lactate in the tetralogy groups were compared with those in 20 adults with coronary artery disease having similar myocardial protection techniques. Adenosine triphosphate levels in the tetralogy group decreased during cross clamping (41 +/- 8 minutes) from 24 +/- 3 to 16 +/- 2 mmol/kg dry weight (mean +/ 1 standard error), with a marked further drop after reperfusion to 9 +/- 2 mmol/kg (p less than 0.01). Adenosine triphosphate levels in the group with coronary disease also decreased from 20 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 1 mmol/kg after a longer cross-clamp time (70 +/- 17 minutes) but remained at 15 +/- 2 mmol/kg after reperfusion. Tissue lactate levels in the tetralogy group rose markedly during ischemia and remained elevated after reperfusion. In contrast, lactate levels in the group with coronary disease rose moderately during ischemia and returned to normal early on reperfusion. Microscopic study revealed focal myocyte necrosis in tetralogy of Fallot. Our findings, which demonstrate inadequate myocardial protection of patients with tetralogy during repair, with depression of adenosine triphosphate and increased lactate during ischemia and reperfusion, suggest a defect in oxidative metabolism. The drop in adenosine triphosphate after reperfusion in the patients with tetralogy implicates reperfusion injury as a mechanism of myocardial damage. PMID- 3257537 TI - Comparison of myoglobin and creatine kinase MB levels in the evaluation of myocardial injury after cardiac operations. AB - Myoglobin was studied in 40 patients before, during, and after cardiac operations and was compared to the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase to identify its possible role as a marker of perioperative myocardial damage. Myoglobin reached peak values during cardiac arrest in all patients and was significantly higher immediately after administration of the anesthetics, during cardiac arrest, and until the sixth postoperative hour in eight patients with a perioperative myocardial infarction. By contrast, the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase reached peak values at the fourth postoperative hour and was significantly higher in patients with perioperative myocardial infarction from the fourth to the tenth postoperative hours. We conclude that myoglobin is a valuable marker of perioperative myocardial damage and is an earlier and more specific marker of perioperative myocardial infarction than creatine kinase MB. PMID- 3257539 TI - In vitro and in vivo susceptibility of human leukemic cells to lymphokine activated killer activity. AB - The susceptibility of human myeloid and lymphoid leukemic blasts to the lytic action of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2)-generated lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells was analyzed. With the exception of the K562 cell line, all 9 leukemic cell lines tested were resistant to the natural killer activity of freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from healthy donors but were susceptible to the lytic action of PBL cultured for 3 days in the presence of rIL 2. Of the 32 primary myeloid and lymphoid acute leukemia samples investigated, the great majority were natural killer cell-resistant but were variably sensitive to LAK effectors. Variations in LAK activity were observed according to the donor of PBL, while little or no difference was documented in the capacity to elicit LAK activity of PBL cultured with 100 or 1,000 U of rIL-2/ml. Pretreatment of the leukemic target cells with neuraminidase did not increase substantially their sensitivity to LAK activity. LAK cells generated from the PBL of patients at the onset of the disease or in complete clinicohematological remission lysed Raji cells as efficiently as normal LAK effectors. Finally, LAK cells were capable of abrogating the tumor growth in nude mice of a human leukemic T cell line. These findings demonstrate the susceptibility in vitro and in vivo of human leukemic blasts to the lytic effect of LAK cells and point to a possible clinical exploitment of this new form of adoptive immunotherapy in the management of acute leukemia. PMID- 3257538 TI - Correlation of immunophenotype with rearrangement of T cell antigen receptor beta and gamma genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of adults. AB - The structure of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and T cell antigen receptor (TCR) beta and gamma chain genes was studied in 38 cases of adult and two cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Seven cases of T-ALL all showed clonally rearranged TCR beta and gamma genes; only one of these also contained rearranged IgH genes. All precursor B cell ALLs and one case of unusual B cell ALL/lymphoma had clonally rearranged IgH genes, but a high proportion (22 of 32, 69%) of precursor B cell ALLs also had rearrangement of TCR beta and/or gamma genes. TCR beta gene rearrangement was less common in more mature precursor B cell ALL, expressing cytoplasmic IgM (pre-B-ALL) (0 of 5) than in other precursor B cell ALL cases (15 of 27). In the precursor B cell ALLs overall, 10 (32%) had rearrangement of both beta and gamma genes, while 7 (22%) had rearrangement of TCR gamma genes only. A further 5 (16%), all expressing one or more unusual immunophenotype markers, had TCR beta gene rearrangement without detectable gamma gene rearrangement. These observations, together with certain characteristics of constant-joining region usage of both TCR genes (a preference for rearrangement into the C beta 2 and C gamma 1 genes), distinguishes these "inappropriate" rearrangements from those found in T-ALL and suggests that they have arisen through a differentiation arrest which is not part of a normal T cell developmental program. PMID- 3257540 TI - Membrane immunoglobulin: anti-immunoglobulin interactions mediate the phosphorylation of actin associated proteins in the B-lymphocyte. AB - The binding of membrane immunoglobulin (mIg) by anti-Ig antibodies is known to initiate a mitogenic signal in B lymphocytes. Because in many instances growth control appears to be correlated with phosphokinase activity, as well as with alterations in cytoskeletal architecture, we asked the question whether antibodies binding to mIg would also lead to the specific phosphorylation of lymphocyte actin-associated proteins. Utilizing a myosin affinity technique, we directly examined phosphoproteins that were associated with actin in the chicken B cell. We found that in a few instances the level of phosphorylation was indeed modulated by mIg:anti-Ig interactions. These actin-binding phosphoproteins may be important control elements in the lymphocyte cytoskeleton. PMID- 3257541 TI - [Experimental radiation injuries of the salivary glands]. PMID- 3257542 TI - The acute effect of high dose corticosteroid treatment on serum osteocalcin. AB - Osteocalcin is a vitamin K-dependent protein that is synthesized by osteoblasts and present in circulation. We measured serum osteocalcin concentrations in nine asthmatics before and during treatment with high IV dosages of glucocorticoids, betamethasone 0.65 mg/h. This treatment induced within 13 +/- 1.5 (SEM) hours a reduction of serum osteocalcin form 2.6 +/- 0.3 (SEM) to 1.2 +/- 0.3 microgram/L (P less than .001). During the following 24-hour period the osteocalcin levels further declined and reached a level about 30% of the pretreatment level. Continued treatment did not induce a further reduction of serum osteocalcin. A positive correlation was seen between the pretreatment osteocalcin concentration and the steady-state osteocalcin value during steroid therapy. The corticosteroids did not influence the serum calcium and phosphate concentrations but induced a minor, significant (P less than .001) decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase. After completion of steroid therapy, the osteocalcin values remained depressed for another 24 hours but had reached the pretreatment levels after another three days. Our data suggest osteocalcin as a sensitive marker of the corticosteroid induced depression of osteoblast activity. PMID- 3257543 TI - Does anxiety reduce the secretion rate of secretory IgA in saliva? AB - The effects of anxiety, depression and psychological stress on the secretion rate of salivary immunoglobulin (Ig)A were examined in a cross-sectional study of 114 registered nurses. A single, timed (five minutes) sample of whole unstimulated saliva was collected from each nurse; at the time of collection, psychosocial data for each nurse were collected by questionnaire. Nurses who reported more frequent episodes of anxiety had significantly lower mean secretion rates of salivary IgA than did nurses who reported only occasional episodes of anxiety. The concentration of secretory IgA in saliva decreased as the salivary volume increased. It was not possible to demonstrate whether anxiety influenced IgA secretion in saliva independently of its effects on salivary flow. PMID- 3257545 TI - Ins and outs of cell signalling. PMID- 3257544 TI - A soluble form of CD4 (T4) protein inhibits AIDS virus infection. AB - CD4 (T4) is a glycoprotein of relative molecular mass 55,000 (Mr 55K) on the surface of T lymphocytes which is thought to interact with class II MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules, mediating efficient association of helper T cells with antigen-bearing targets. The CD4 protein is also the receptor for HIV, a T-lymphotropic RNA virus responsible for the human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (refs 4-7). To define the mechanisms of interaction of CD4 with the surface of antigen-presenting cells and with HIV, we have isolated the CD4 gene and expressed this gene in several different cellular environments. Here we describe an efficient expression system in which a recombinant, soluble form of CD4 (sCD4) is secreted into tissue culture supernatants. This sCD4 retains the structural and biological properties of CD4 on the cell surface, binds to the envelope glycoprotein (gp110) of HIV and inhibits the binding of virus to CD4+ lymphocytes, resulting in a striking inhibition of virus infectivity. PMID- 3257547 TI - EDRF--a protective factor? PMID- 3257548 TI - [Epidural spinal electric stimulation in peripheral arterial disease]. PMID- 3257546 TI - Auxin induces rapid changes in phosphatidylinositol metabolites. AB - The plant growth-hormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) is involved in regulating such diverse processes as cell elongation, cell division and differentiation. The sequence of events leading to the various phenomena is still poorly understood. Both changes in extra- and intracellular pH (refs 1-4) and selective transcription are known to be induced by auxin. Evidence for auxin receptors at the plasmalemma membrane has been reported, but the signal transduction pathway is not known, for this nor for other plant hormones. In animal cells, hydrolysis of inositolphospholipids is a major mechanism for transmembrane signalling in response to external stimuli such as hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, antigens or light (reviewed in refs 8-11). Here we report that auxin can generate transient changes in inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) and inositol bisphosphate (InsP2) within minutes in Catharanthus roseus cells arrested in G1. These changes are accompanied by a redistribution within the polyphosphoinositide fraction. As the physiological response to auxin addition is to relieve the arrest in G1, we suggest that these effects are an element in the signal transduction of this plant hormone. PMID- 3257549 TI - [Can epidural spinal electric stimulation prevent amputation of a leg?]. PMID- 3257550 TI - Familial 'sleep apnea plus' syndrome: report of a family. AB - We describe a familial disorder consisting of sleep apnea, anosmia, colorblindness, partial complex seizures, and cognitive dysfunction. The phenotypic expression of the syndrome suggests an autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. PMID- 3257551 TI - Variations of trigger zones in vestibular afferent fibers of fish. AB - The ferric chloride-ferrocyanide cytochemical stain was used to selectively visualize spike trigger zones of 8th nerve fibers in 3 species of fish. Within the sensory epithelia of the otolithic organs, branches in arbors of large diameter myelinated axons, but not in arbors of small-diameter myelinated axons, stained. Stained extraepithelial nodes of Ranvier were found in axons of all diameters. In the electron microscope, synaptic bodies in hair cells were adjacent to both stained and unstained postsynaptic membrane. The contrasting locations of excitable membrane suggest different modes of synaptic integration between large-and small-diameter axons. This difference may underlie the physiologically defined classes of afferent 8th nerve axons in fish. PMID- 3257552 TI - Charting by exception: meeting the challenge of cost containment. PMID- 3257553 TI - Change of shift report: a time for communication with patients. PMID- 3257554 TI - Surgery for corneal epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. AB - Seventeen consecutive eyes with corneal epithelial basement membrane with symptoms of recurrent erosion and/or decreased vision were treated with corneal epithelial basement membranectomy. Younger patients tended to have recurrent erosion, whereas older patients had decreased vision. All patients' symptoms improved following surgery. Electron microscopy revealed reduplication of the corneal epithelial basal lamina. PMID- 3257555 TI - Endophthalmitis after strabismus surgery with a good visual result. AB - A 78-year-old woman underwent recession-resection surgery for longstanding exotropia. A scleral perforation occurred at the time of surgery and was treated with transscleral retinocryopexy. Three days after surgery the patient experienced light perception vision, pain, and hypopyon. She underwent a trans pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal and periocular antibiotics. Three months after vitrectomy, visual acuity returned to the preoperative level of 20/50. Six months after vitrectomy she underwent an uneventful cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implant. Visual acuity 5 months after cataract surgery was 20/20. PMID- 3257556 TI - Intravitreal toxicity of cotrimoxazole. AB - We investigated the intravitreal toxicity of cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim 80 mg and sulfamethoxazole 400 mg/5 ml of injection fluid) in albino rabbits. Eyes injected intravitreally with 1600 micrograms/0.1 cc (reported in trimethoprim concentration) exhibited no histologic or abnormal electroretinographic responses after 14 days. A vitrectomy infusion solution containing 32 micrograms/ml (reported in trimethoprim concentration) produced no toxicity, as demonstrated either by electroretinography or histology. Cotrimoxazole appears to be well tolerated in rabbit eyes when administered by both intravitreal injection and vitrectomy infusion solution. PMID- 3257557 TI - CT in the evaluation of pleural versus pulmonary disease in children. AB - Post pneumonic empyema in children is the result of infection by Staphylococcus aureus in approximately 80% of cases. Approximately 93% of children with empyema respond well to treatment with appropriate antibiotics and drainage of the pleural space. We present seven children in whom such therapy failed to produce an adequate response. Computed tomography alone clearly excluded persistent pneumonia as a cause of symptoms while in all seven patients revealing an unexpectedly extensive empyema rind. This information, coupled with the lack of clinical improvement and the specific organism isolated, led to a change in clinical management. These children were infected by organisms other than Staphylococcus aureus and required surgical decortication of the fibrinous pleural rind to alleviate persistent symptoms. PMID- 3257558 TI - Color vision screening without the use of technical equipment: scale development and cross-validation. PMID- 3257559 TI - Detection of alpha 1-antitrypsin genotypes by analysis of amplified DNA sequences. PMID- 3257560 TI - The 5' region of the human interleukin 4 gene: structure and potential regulatory elements. PMID- 3257561 TI - Psychosocial aspects of coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3257562 TI - Long-term results of coronary bypass surgery. Is the internal mammary artery graft superior? PMID- 3257563 TI - Expression of human epidermal growth factor precursor cDNA in transfected mouse NIH 3T3 cells. AB - Stable cell lines expressing the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) precursor have been prepared by transfection of mouse NIH 3T3 cells with a bovine papillomavirus-based vector in which the human kidney EGF precursor cDNA has been placed under the control of the inducible mouse metallothionein I promoter. Synthesis of the EGF precursor can be induced by culturing the cells in 5 mM butyric acid or 100 microM ZnCl2. The EGF precursor synthesized by these cells appears to be membrane associated; none is detectable in the cytoplasm. The size of the EGF precursor expressed by these cells is approximately 150-180 kDa, which is larger than expected from its amino acid sequence, suggesting that it is posttranslationally modified, presumably by glycosylation. The EGF precursor was also detected in the conditioned medium from these cells, indicating that some fraction of the EGF precursor synthesized by these transfected cells may be secreted. Preliminary data suggest that this soluble form of the EGF precursor may compete with 125I-labeled EGF for binding to the EGF receptor. These cell lines should be useful for studying the processing of the EGF precursor to EGF as well as determining the properties and possible functions of the EGF precursor itself. PMID- 3257564 TI - Analysis by in situ hybridization of cells expressing mRNA for interleukin 4 in the developing thymus and in peripheral lymphocytes from mice. AB - We have made use of RNA.RNA in situ hybridization to study the presence of cells producing mRNA for interleukin 4 (IL-4) in the developing thymus, spleen, and T cell line 2.19. Approximately 1 of 300-400 spleen cells expressed detectable IL-4 mRNA 24 hr after their stimulation by the lectin concanavalin A. Spleen cells were also induced to express mRNA for IL-4 by stimulation with alloantigens. Splenocytes producing mRNA for IL-4 were detected 4 hr after stimulation by concanavalin A; the response peaked at approximately equal to 24 hr and was undetectable by 72 hr. Cyclosporin A inhibited the synthesis of IL-4 mRNA in the T-cell line 2.19, which had been induced by concanavalin A. Approximately 1 of 10 fetal thymocytes at day 14 of gestation expressed mRNA for IL-4 after their stimulation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin. Both the frequency of fetal thymocytes expressing IL-4 mRNA and the amount of mRNA for IL-4 synthesized per cell sharply decreased at day 16 of gestation, and less than 1 of 1800 fetal thymocytes at day 18 of gestation expressed detectable IL-4 mRNA. Our results define the relative frequency of cells capable of expressing IL-4 mRNA after stimulation in vitro in the spleen and in the developing thymus. The data strongly argue for an important role of IL-4 in growth and differentiation of lymphoid cells, notably during T-cell development within the thymus. PMID- 3257565 TI - Transfer and expression of three cloned human non-HLA-A,B,C class I major histocompatibility complex genes in mutant lymphoblastoid cells. AB - The HLA-A, -B, and -C class I human histocompatibility antigens and the genes that encode them have been isolated and characterized. Apparently complete class I non-HLA-A, B, C genes have been identified on HindIII-generated 5.4-kilobase (kb), 6.0-kb, and 6.2-kb DNA fragments derived from lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) 721. We studied the expressibility of these genes by subcloning them into the nonintegrating pHeBo vector and transferring the chimeric plasmids into mutant LCL 721.221. This mutant was derived from LCL 721 by means of immunoselections following gamma-ray mutagenesis that eliminated expressions of the HLA-A, -B, and -C alpha chains. The HLA-A, B, C-null phenotype of mutant 721.221 made it possible to monitor the expression of class I genes transferred into it by assaying cell surface binding of monoclonal antibodies BBM.1 and W6/32, which recognize beta 2-microglobulin and HLA class I alpha-chain epitopes, respectively. Increased binding of BBM.1 and W6/32 was clearly observed in transferents containing the class I gene of the 6.0-kb DNA fragment but not in transferents containing the class I genes of the 5.4- and 6.2-kb DNA fragments. However, one-dimensional gel electrophoresis of BBM.1 and W6/32 immunoprecipitates made with [35S]methionine-labeled cell lysates showed that transfer of each non-HLA-A, B, C class I gene into 721.221 resulted in the appearance of an alpha chain that coprecipitated with beta 2-microglobulin. The three previously unreported alpha chains differed from each other in size and were smaller than HLA-A, -B, and -C alpha chains. These observations clearly show that these three cloned, nonallelic, non-HLA-A, B, C class I genes encode alpha chains that can be expressed in human cells. PMID- 3257566 TI - Identification and characterization of a mitogen-activated S6 kinase. AB - Treatment of Swiss mouse 3T3 cells with epidermal growth factor, orthovanadate, or serum results in the activation of a kinase that phosphorylates protein S6 of the 40S ribosomal subunit in vitro. This kinase is eluted as a single peak of activity from either a Mono Q anion-exchange column at 0.34 M NaCl or a Mono S cation-exchange column at 0.20 M NaCl. Treatment of the peak fraction from the Mono S column with phosphatase 2A completely abolishes the activity of the enzyme. The kinase appears to be distinct from protein kinase C, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and two protease-activated kinases, PAK II and H4P. The kinase has been purified to apparent homogeneity and migrates as a single band at Mr 70,000 in NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels. The kinase exhibits the ability to autophosphorylate, and this activity directly parallels S6 phosphorylation activity on the final step of purification. In vitro, the kinase incorporates up to 5 mol of phosphate into S6, and the tryptic phosphopeptide maps obtained are equivalent to those from S6 phosphorylated in vivo. Most important, treatment of the purified kinase with phosphatase 2A results in complete inactivation of the enzyme, arguing that the activity of the kinase is directly controlled by phosphorylation. PMID- 3257567 TI - Immortalization of human lymphocytes by transfection with DNA from mouse L929 cytoplasts. AB - Transfection of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with DNA from mouse L929 cytoplasts induced proliferation of lymphocytes and the formation of B and T cell derived cell lines with apparently unlimited growth potential. The cell lines could be grown in serum-containing media as well as in chemically defined serum free media, have a nearly normal human karyotype, did not form colonies in soft agar medium, and were not tumorigenic after injection into nude mice. For immortalization of human lymphocytes, DNA from L929 cytoplasts was 100-fold more efficient than L929 nuclear DNA. The ability of cytoplast DNA to immortalize lymphocytes could be consecutively transferred by using total cellular DNA from primary or secondary transfectants. Circular or linear mitochondrial DNA of L929 cells did not lead to immortalization of human lymphocytes. Since DNA with immortalizing activity could be isolated from cytoplasts, the Hirt supernatant, and a mitochondria-depleted cytoplasmic fraction of L929 cells, we conclude that the immortalizing DNA is located extramitochondrially in the cytoplasm of L929 cells. PMID- 3257568 TI - Enhancement of antibody responses by IgD-binding factors induced by anti-IgD treatment of spleen cells. AB - Treatment of normal BALB/c splenocytes with anti-mouse IgD antibodies at 0 degrees C followed by incubation of the cells at 37 degrees C resulted in the formation of soluble factors that selectively inhibit rosette formation of lymphocytes bearing Fc delta receptors with IgD-coated erythrocytes (i.e., IgD binding factors). Treatment of the same cells with anti-IgM antibodies failed to induce the formation of the factors. Analysis of cellular mechanisms indicated that polymerized surface IgD on B cells, as well as surface IgD-anti-IgD complexes shed from the B cells, induced T cells bearing Fc delta receptors to form IgD-binding factors. The factors formed by the anti-IgD treatment of splenic lymphocytes are composed of molecular mass species of 70 and 34 kDa, as estimated by gel filtration. Both the 70- and 34-kDa IgD-binding factors enhanced IgM and IgG1 plaque-forming cell responses of sheep erythrocyte-primed mouse spleen cells to the antigen. PMID- 3257569 TI - Exposure to crosslinked IgD induces receptors for IgD on T cells in vivo and in vitro. AB - IgD is a surface immunoglobulin, which is coexpressed with IgM on greater than 90% of mature B cells, but its levels in serum are extremely low compared to those of IgM. It role as a surface receptor has been reemphasized by our recent findings that IgD receptors are induced on helper T cells by exposure to IgD and that such cells have immunoaugmenting properties. The present study shows that crosslinking of soluble IgD or of monomeric cell surface IgD is required and sufficient for the induction of T cells bearing receptors for IgD, both in vivo and in vitro. Effective IgD crosslinking in this respect can be obtained with antigen or with heterologous and immunogenic as well as nonimmunogenic allotype specific anti-IgD. These results reinforce the concept that the induction of T cells bearing receptors for IgD is an integral component of the normal immune response. PMID- 3257570 TI - 3T3 fibroblasts induce cloned interleukin 3-dependent mouse mast cells to resemble connective tissue mast cells in granular constituency. AB - As assessed by ultrastructure, histochemical staining, and T-cell dependency, in vitro-differentiated inter-leukin 3-dependent mouse mast cells are comparable to the mast cells that reside in the gastrointestinal mucosa but not in the skin or the serosal cavity of the mouse. We now demonstrate that when cloned interleukin 3-dependent mast cells are cocultured with mouse skin-derived 3T3 fibroblasts in the presence of WEHI-3 conditioned medium for 28 days, the mast cells acquire the ability to stain with safranin, increase their histamine content approximately equal to 50-fold and their carboxypeptidase A content approximately equal to 100 fold, and augment approximately equal to 45-fold their biosynthesis of proteoglycans bearing 35S-labeled heparin relative to 35S-labeled chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. Thus, fibroblasts induce interleukin 3-dependent mouse mast cells to change phenotype from mucosal-like to connective tissue-like, indicating that the biochemical and functional characteristics of this mast cell type are strongly influenced by the connective tissue microenvironment. PMID- 3257571 TI - Nuclear proteins interacting with the promoter region of the human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene. AB - The gene for human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is expressed in a tissue-specific as well as an activation-dependent manner. The interaction of nuclear proteins with the promoter region of the GM-CSF gene that is likely to be responsible for this pattern of GM-CSF expression was investigated. We show that nuclear proteins interact with DNA fragments from the GM-CSF promoter in a cell-specific manner. A region spanning two cytokine specific sequences, cytokine 1 (CK-1, 5' GAGATTCCAC 3') and cytokine 2 (CK-2, 5' TCAGGTA 3') bound two nuclear proteins [nuclear factor (NF)-GMa and NF-GMb] from GM-CSF-expressing cells in gel retardation assays. NF-GMb was inducible with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and accompanied induction of GM-CSF message. NF GMb was absent in cell lines not producing GM-CSF, some of which had other distinct binding proteins. NF-GMa and NF-GMb eluted from a heparin-Sepharose column at 0.3 and 0.6 M KCl, respectively. We hypothesize that the sequences CK-1 and CK-2 bind specific proteins and regulate GM-CSF transcription. PMID- 3257572 TI - "Calciosome," a cytoplasmic organelle: the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ store of nonmuscle cells? AB - Calsequestrin (CS) is the protein responsible for the high-capacity, moderate affinity binding of Ca2+ within the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, believed up to now to be specific for striated muscle. The cells of two nonmuscle lines (HL-60 and PC12) and of two rat tissues (liver and pancreas) are shown here to express a protein that resembles CS in many respects (apparent mass and pH-dependent migration in NaDodSO4/PAGE; blue staining with StainsAll dye; Ca2+ binding ability) and is specifically recognized by affinity-purified antibodies against skeletal muscle CS. In these cells, the CS-like protein is shown by immunofluorescence and immunogold procedures to be localized within peculiar, heretofore unrecognized structures distributed throughout the cytoplasm. These structures appear to be discrete organelles, which we propose to be named "calciosomes." By cell fractionation (Percoll gradient and free-flow electrophoresis), the CS-like protein of HL-60 cells is shown to copurify with the markers of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins-P3)-sensitive Ca2+ store, whereas the markers of other organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, endosomes) and of the plasma membrane do not. Calciosome might thus be the intracellular target of Ins-P3--i.e., the source of the Ca2+ redistributed to the cytosol following receptor-triggered generation of the messenger. PMID- 3257573 TI - Old mice recover the ability to produce IgG and high-avidity antibody following irradiation with partial bone marrow shielding. AB - The splenic plaque-forming-cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenylated bovine gamma globulin of 18- to 20-month-old mice is markedly depressed, with a preferential loss of indirect (IgG) PFC and high-avidity-antibody-secreting cells compared to 6- to 8-week-old animals. The anti-trinitrophenyl response of old mice, whose peripheral lymphoid system has been reconstituted from their own bone marrow after irradiation while their bone marrow was partially shielded, includes high avidity and IgG PFCs relatively comparable to those of normal young mice. If young mice are irradiated while their bone marrow is partially shielded and given purified splenic T cells from either old or young donors during recovery from irradiation, then the avidity distribution and the ratio of IgG/IgM PFCs they produce in response to trinitrophenylated bovine gamma globulin reflects the characteristic immune response of the T-cell donor. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the bone marrows of old and young mice are similar with regard to the spectrum of B-cell clones that they can generate and that it is peripheral regulatory effectors that are responsible for much of the age-related change in the immune response. In addition, if one calculates the PFC avidity distribution taking into account those cells whose secretion of antibody was inhibited by anti-idiotype autoantibodies, then it is clear that there are more high-avidity B cells present in old mice than are detected by the conventional plaque-inhibition assay. Thus, the reduced avidity of the PFC response of old mice appears to be, at least in part, due to down regulation by anti-idiotype autoantibodies. PMID- 3257575 TI - Glucocorticoids selectively inhibit the transcription of the interleukin 1 beta gene and decrease the stability of interleukin 1 beta mRNA. AB - Transcription of the interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) gene was studied by mRNA hybridization with a cDNA probe in the human promonocytic cell line U-937. Phorbol ester and lipopolysaccharide increased the steady-state level of IL-1 beta mRNA. Glucocorticoids markedly decreased IL-1 beta mRNA levels by two mechanisms. Transcription of the IL-1 gene was inhibited, as shown by in vitro transcription assays with nuclei isolated from glucocorticoid-treated cells. Moreover, kinetic analyses and pulse-labeling of mRNAs showed that glucocorticoids selectively decrease the stability of IL-1 beta mRNA, without affecting the stability of beta-actin and FOS mRNAs. Inhibition of the formation and effects IL-1 is a mechanism by which glucocorticoids can exert antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. PMID- 3257574 TI - Cloning and chromosomal assignment of a human cDNA encoding a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific trypsin-like serine protease. AB - A cDNA clone encoding a human T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease was obtained by screening a phage lambda gt10 cDNA library from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes with the mouse Hanukah factor cDNA clone. In an RNA blot-hybridization analysis, this human Hanukah factor cDNA hybridized with a 1.3-kilobase band in allogeneic-stimulated cytotoxic T cells and the Jurkat cell line, but this transcript was not detectable in normal muscle, liver, tonsil, or thymus. By dot-blot hybridization, this cDNA hybridized with RNA from three cytolytic T-cell clones and three noncytolytic T-cell clones grown in vitro as well as with purified CD16+ natural killer cells and CD3+, CD16- T-cell large granular lymphocytes from peripheral blood lymphocytes (CD = cluster designation). The nucleotide sequence of this cDNA clone encodes a predicted serine protease of 262 amino acids. The predicted protein has a 22-amino acid presegment, a 6-amino acid prosegment, and an active enzyme of 234 amino acids with a calculated unglycosylated molecular weight of 25,820. The active enzyme is 71% and 77% similar to the mouse sequence at the amino acid and DNA level, respectively. The human and mouse sequences conserve the active site residues of serine proteases--the trypsin-specific Asp-189 and all 10 cysteine residues. The gene for the human Hanukah factor serine protease is located on human chromosome 5. We propose that this trypsin-like serine protease may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. PMID- 3257576 TI - Antigen presentation to HLA class II-restricted measles virus-specific T-cell clones can occur in the absence of the invariant chain. AB - A human fibroblast line expressing HLA-DR1 antigen on its surface was generated by transfection with DR alpha and DR beta cDNAs. Expression of the invariant chain gene was not detectable in the transfected fibroblasts and was not induced by infection with measles virus. Lysis of measles virus-infected cells occurred with DR1- but not with DR4-restricted measles virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones and was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody specific for DR antigen. Therefore, the invariant chain is not required for DR-restricted presentation of measles virus antigens by this fibroblast line. Transfected fibroblasts were lysed as efficiently as an autologous B-cell line even though they expressed much less surface DR antigen. Lysis of both the transfected fibroblasts and the B-cell line was insensitive to treatment with chloroquine. These results demonstrate that expression of a DR alpha beta heterodimer at the surface of this fibroblast line is necessary and sufficient for presentation of measles virus antigens to specific CTL clones. PMID- 3257577 TI - Learning from lesions: patterns of tissue inflammation in leprosy. AB - The clinical forms of leprosy constitute a spectrum that correlates closely with the degree of cell-mediated immunity. Patients with tuberculoid leprosy develop strong cell-mediated responses and have only a few, localized lesions, whereas patients with multibacillary lepromatous leprosy are specifically unresponsive to antigens of Myobacterium leprae. T cells of the CD4+ subset predominate in tuberculoid lesions, whereas CD8+ cells predominate in lepromatous lesions. Monoclonal antibodies that distinguish subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ cells were used to analyze the distribution of T cells infiltrating lesions across the disease spectrum. In lepromatous lesions, T cells of T-suppressor phenotype (9.3 ) were the predominant CD8+ cells and suppressor/inducer cells (2H4+, Leu-8+) represented half of the CD4+ subset. In tuberculoid lesions, helper T cells (CD4+4B4+) outnumbered suppressor/inducer T cells by 14:1, compared with a ratio of 1.2:1 in peripheral blood. Analysis of the precursor frequency of antigen reactive T cells permitted us to estimate that there was a 100-fold enrichment of T cells able to proliferate in response to M. leprae antigens in tuberculoid lesions (2/100), when compared with blood from the same patients. The methods used here to characterize the T-lymphocyte subsets and frequency of antigen reactive T cells in leprosy may be useful in analyzing immunological reactions occurring in lesions of other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3257579 TI - The effect of graded doses of fission neutrons or X rays on the stromal compartment of the thymus in mice. AB - The effect of irradiation on the supportive role of the thymic stroma in T cell differentiation was investigated in a transplantation model using athymic nude mice and transplanted irradiated thymuses. In this model, neonatal CBA/H mice were exposed to graded doses of whole-body irradiation with fast fission neutrons of 1 MeV mean energy or 300 kVp X rays. The doses used varied from 2.75 up to 6.88 Gy fission neutrons and from 6.00 up to 15.00 Gy X rays at center-line dose rates of 0.10 and 0.30 Gy/min, respectively. Subsequently, the thymus was excised and a thymus lobe was transplanted under the kidney capsule of H-2 compatible nude mice. One and two months after transplantation, the T cell composition of the thymic transplant was investigated using immunohistology with monoclonal antibodies directed to the cell surface differentiation antigens Thy-1, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, MT-4, and T-200. Furthermore, the stromal cell composition of the thymic transplant was investigated with monoclonal antibodies directed to MHC antigens and with monoclonal antibodies defining different subsets of thymic stromal cells. To investigate the reconstitution capacity of the thymic transplant, the peripheral T cell number was measured using flow cytofluorometric analysis of nude spleen cells with the monoclonal antibodies anti-Thy-1, anti-Lyt-2, and anti MT-4. The results of this investigation show that a neonatal thymus grafted in a nude mouse has a similar stromal and T cell composition as that of a normal thymus in situ. In addition, grafting of such a thymus results in a significant increase of the peripheral T cell number. Irradiation of the graft prior to transplantation has no effects on the stromal and T cell composition but the graft size decreases. This reduction of size shows a linear dose-response curve after neutron irradiation. The X-ray curve is linear for doses in excess of 6.00 Gy. The RBE for fission neutrons for the reduction of the relative thymic graft size to 10% was equal to 2.1. Furthermore, the peripheral T cell number decreases with increasing doses of irradiation given to the graft prior to transplantation. The present data indicate that the regenerative potential of thymic stromal cells is radiosensitive and is characterized by D0 values equal to 2.45 and 3.68 Gy for neutrons and X rays, respectively. In contrast, the ability of the thymic stromal cells to support T cell maturation is highly radioresistant. PMID- 3257578 TI - Cloning and expression of a cDNA coding for a human monocyte-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor. AB - Human monocyte-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor (mPAI-2) was purified to homogeneity from the U937 cell line and partially sequenced. Oligonucleotide probes derived from this sequence were used to screen a cDNA library prepared from U937 cells. One positive clone was sequenced and contained most of the coding sequence as well as a long incomplete 3' untranslated region (1112 base pairs). This cDNA sequence was shown to encode mPAI-2 by hybrid-select translation. A cDNA clone encoding the remainder of the mPAI-2 mRNA was obtained by primer extension of U937 poly(A)+ RNA using a probe complementary to the mPAI 2 coding region. The coding sequence for mPAI-2 was placed under the control of the lambda PL promoter, and the protein expressed in Escherichia coli formed a complex with urokinase that could be detected immunologically. By nucleotide sequence analysis, mPAI-2 cDNA encodes a protein containing 415 amino acids with a predicted unglycosylated Mr of 46,543. The predicted amino acid sequence of mPAI-2 is very similar to placental PAI-2 (3 amino acid differences) and shows extensive homology with members of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. mPAI-2 was found to be more homologous to ovalbumin (37%) than the endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI-1 (26%). Like ovalbumin, mPAI-2 appears to have no typical amino-terminal signal sequence. The 3' untranslated region of the mPAI-2 cDNA contains a putative regulatory sequence that has been associated with the inflammatory mediators. PMID- 3257580 TI - Salivary parameters and efficiency of dietary instructions to reduce sugar intake among 7-8-year-old schoolchildren. AB - The efficiency of dietary instructions was tested in a group of 7-8-year-old schoolchildren. The instructions were given in the presence of the child's mother either verbally (control group n = 14) or both verbally and written (test group n = 12). For this purpose the salivary status of the first grade pupils (n = 79) of a primary school in Turku was screened. Salivary flow, buffer capacity, sucrase activity, lactobacillus, yeast and S. mutans counts were determined. Children whose salivary lactobacillus count was over 10(4) CFU/ml (n = 32) were selected for the present study. The efficiency of the dietary instructions was measured as a reduction of salivary lactobacilli. There were no differences in the number of children with reduced LB counts or in the caries increment of 1 yr between the test and the control groups. However, children who succeeded in reducing the number of salivary lactobacilli (42%) within 4 wk revealed a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower caries increment after 1 yr than the rest of the subjects. We concluded that children whose lactobacillus counts were reduced by the dietary instructions developed significantly less caries than children whose lactobacillus counts remained high after the instruction. No additional effect on lactobacillus counts and caries increment could be demonstrated by supplementing the verbal dietary counseling with written instructions. PMID- 3257581 TI - Efficient propagation and cloning of human T cells in the absence of antigen by means of OKT3, interleukin 2, and antigen-presenting cells. AB - The analysis of T lymphocytes infiltrating tissues afflicted by autoimmune diseases may provide major clues towards understanding the pathogenesis of such diseases. Currently the best approach to studying heterogeneous populations such as T lymphocytes involves long-term culture and cloning. In order to grow and clone T lymphocytes, regular restimulation with the specific antigen is essential, otherwise growth will stop and/or specificity may be lost. In autoimmune diseases the antigens involved in triggering the immunological reaction of T cells are usually unknown. Therefore an alternative way of stimulating T lymphocytes without loss of specificity is clearly needed. Here we describe the cloning and expansion of antigen-specific T cell clones from the blood of a healthy donor to sizeable numbers of cells (greater than 10(8)) by means of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and recombinant IL-2. The results obtained showed that this approach can be used to clone and 'expand' T lymphocytes that retain antigen specificity over a prolonged period, in this case over 10 weeks. This technique has been used to clone and expand T lymphocytes infiltrating the affected tissues in a variety of autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, and is an efficient method of propagating T cells, by mimicking the antigenic stimulus. PMID- 3257582 TI - Limiting dilution analysis of interleukin-2-producing mature T cells. Interleukin 2 secretion is an exclusive property of L3T4+ lymphocytes. AB - Evaluation of lymphokine production by individual activated T cells is necessary to characterize their growth requirements. We have studied interleukin 2 (IL-2) secretion by mature T lymphocytes using a high resolution assay system with the following characteristics: (a) a threshold of IL-2 detection 25 times lower than classic IL-2 titration; (b) the ability to discriminate between IL-2 and IL-4 activities; (c) absence of 'in situ' IL-2 absorption; (d) IL-2 production revealed at the single cell level. By this method an average of 10% of spleen cells, and 75% of L3T4+ cells were detected as producers in a concanavalin A (Con A)-dependent T cell activation system. Our results also suggest the complete restriction of IL-2 secretion to cells with this phenotype. Therefore, factors other than IL-2 must play a major role in Lyt 2+ mitogen-driven, helper independent T cell proliferation. PMID- 3257583 TI - Modulation of sheep erythrocyte receptor expression by anti-CD4, anti-CD8, and anti-HLA antibodies. AB - The modulation of E receptors on T cells by anti-CD4 and/or anti-CD8 is reported. The percentage of E rosette-forming cells (RFC) was decreased when sheep erythrocyte and mononuclear cells were incubated in the presence of monoclonal antibodies anti-CD4 and/or anti-CD8. This inhibition was not due to shedding of the E receptor and it was reversed by 8-Br.-3',5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In contrast, anti-HLA antibodies induced an enhancement of sheep erythrocyte receptor expression evaluated by RFC. PMID- 3257584 TI - Signal transduction through the EGF receptor transfected in IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cells. AB - An expression vector for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was introduced into the 32D myeloid cell line, which is devoid of EGF receptors and absolutely dependent on interleukin-3 (IL-3) for its proliferation and survival. Expression of the EGF receptor conferred the ability to utilize EGF for transduction of a mitogenic signal. When the transfected cells were propagated in EGF, they exhibited a more mature myeloid phenotype than was observed under conditions of IL-3-directed growth. Moreover, exposure to EGF led to a rapid stimulation of phosphoinositide metabolism, while IL-3 had no detectable effect on phosphoinositide turnover either in control or EGF receptor-transfected 32D cells. Although the transfected cells exhibited high levels of functional EGF receptors, they remained nontumorigenic. In contrast, transfection of v-erbB, an amino-terminal truncated form of the EGF receptor with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity, not only abrogated the IL-3 growth factor requirement of 32D cells, but caused them to become tumorigenic in nude mice. These results show that a naive hematopoietic cell expresses all of the intracellular components of the EGF-signaling pathway necessary to evoke a mitogenic response and sustain continuous proliferation. PMID- 3257585 TI - Cells process exogenous proteins for recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Cells exposed to intact, noninfectious influenza virus were shown to be recognized by class I-restricted anti-influenza cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Both internal and external proteins derived from virions were processed by cells for CTL recognition. Sensitization required the inactivation of viral neuraminidase activity and could be inhibited by preventing fusion of viral and cellular membranes. These findings are important in designing vaccines to elicit CTL responses, since they demonstrate that cells can process intact, exogenous proteins for recognition by CTLs and suggest that such processing depends on introduction of exogenous proteins into the cytoplasm. PMID- 3257586 TI - One factor recognizes the liver-specific enhancers in alpha 1-antitrypsin and transthyretin genes. AB - Four different regulatory sites required for transcriptional stimulation by the enhancers of two unrelated liver-specific genes alpha 1-antitrypsin and transthyretin appear to bind the same nuclear protein that is found mainly in the liver. Such proteins may provide a basis for a coordinated, hepatocyte-specific control of gene transcription. PMID- 3257587 TI - Cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery: a case-controlled study. AB - Twenty-two patients screened from a sample of 391 having coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) showed significant declines on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) administered preoperatively and four days postoperatively. The MMSE is a 30-point cognitive function screening instrument for dementia and delirium. These patients were compared with 22 matched control subjects who exhibited intact cognitive function postoperatively. The study assessed the association between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and socioeconomic status, potential effects of selected surgical/anesthetic factors, and preoperative anxiety and depression (Zung Anxiety and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression [CES-D] self-rating scales). The results indicate that a higher preoperative level of depression reported on the CES-D (mean score of study patients 22.1 versus 12.7 for controls) is significantly associated with the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (P less than .01). The educational and occupational levels of study patients were significantly below those of controls (P less than .01, P less than .02). Occurrence of a postoperative complication was the only surgical/anesthetic factor found to be significantly associated with cognitive dysfunction (P less than .01). These findings suggest that preoperative depression significantly increases the risk for immediate postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and that lower socioeconomic status may confer greater risk for postoperative cognitive morbidity. PMID- 3257588 TI - Measuring patient compliance in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Cape Town--pitfalls in study design. AB - Pulmonary tuberculosis is the greatest public health problem in Cape Town and patient non-compliance appears to be a persistent problem in its management. A study was conducted in March 1984 to determine the proportion of known tuberculosis patients in the area under the jurisdiction of the Cape Town City Council who were not receiving adequate therapy. A fallaciously low estimate of the problem of non-compliance occurred as a result of the use of a cross sectional study design. The sources of bias as well as their direction and impact on the results are discussed. An alternative inception cohort sampling method is suggested. PMID- 3257589 TI - Tuberculosis patient compliance in the western Cape, 1984. AB - Patient non-compliance is regarded as a major cause of treatment failure in tuberculosis. In view of the rising tuberculosis incidence rate in the western Cape it was decided to determine which factors were related to treatment compliance. Information about patients on treatment for tuberculosis was obtained from 75% of the 68 local authorities surveyed (representing 90% of the surveyed population). Patients who had received greater than or equal to 75% of their expected doses by the survey date were considered compliant. Overall compliance was 82.5%. The lowest rates were reported in teenagers, children under 5 years, blacks and unemployed patients. The results have implications for tuberculosis control strategies. PMID- 3257590 TI - Preoperative lymphocyte subsets and infectious complications after colorectal cancer surgery. AB - Peripheral lymphocytes, T cells, and T cell subsets of 141 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer were measured preoperatively to determine whether infectious complications could be predicted from derangements of T cell subsets. T cell subset abnormalities reportedly precede sepsis in patients with burn injuries. All patients received preoperative bowel preparation with laxatives, enemas, oral neomycin and erythromycin base, and intravenous cefazolin. Eighteen (13%) of the 141 patients had infectious complications and these complications accounted for two deaths. The variables of age, sex, tumor location, admission hematocrit, white blood count, lymphocytes, T cells (Leu-1), helper cells (Leu 3), suppressor cells (Leu-2), natural killer cells (Leu-7), operative blood loss, procedure, specimen length, duration of surgery, tumor size, tumor differentiation, nodal status, and Dukes' staging were not significantly (p greater than 0.05) related to the development of infectious complications. These results indicate that preoperative evaluation of T cell subsets in patients with colorectal cancer is not useful for predicting postoperative septic complications. PMID- 3257591 TI - The identification of allo- and auto-lymphocytotoxic antibodies in serum, in the presence of rabbit antithymocyte globulin. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rabbit immunoglobulin (Ig) was developed in order to investigate serum levels achieved by therapeutic doses of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and their relationship to in vitro serum lymphocytotoxic activity. Twenty renal allograft recipients treated for acute steroid resistant rejection with ATG were studied, where possible, before, during and following their treatment with ATG. During therapy, peak serum levels of rabbit Ig were in the range 20-101 micrograms/ml with one exception of 404 micrograms/ml. After treatment, levels gradually declined to zero within 12 weeks. All sera with lymphocytotoxic activity were absorbed with platelets and treated with dithiothreitol so that reactivity due to anti-HLA antibodies and autoantibodies produced by the patient could be differentiated from each other and from serum ATG. Nine patients had detectable serum ATG associated with in vitro lymphocytotoxic activity. In two cases the lymphocytotoxicity was attributed solely to ATG; two had only anti-HLA antibodies; in one patient the lymphocytotoxicity was due to a combination of ATG and anti-HLA antibodies; two had autoantibodies; and for two, cytotoxicity was initially due to ATG and subsequently to the development of autoantibodies. The serum levels of ATG achieved during treatment could thus be quantified, and the important distinction between anti-HLA antibodies, autoantibodies and ATG clearly made. PMID- 3257592 TI - Immunosuppressive properties of deoxynivalenol. AB - The immunosuppressive effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) was investigated in male Balb/c mice. The effect of the route of DON administration to the animals was first studied. The results showed that DON acted efficiently on the immune system per os. The administration of 100 ppm DON in the diet caused the death of all the animals within a few days. After oral administration of DON to mice, liver and kidney weights were not changed while the thymus weight was significantly reduced at concentrations greater than 10 ppm. The spleen weight was reduced less than the thymus weight. Histologically, the structure of the thymus was damaged and the high doses produced an atrophy of this organ. Serum levels of anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) antibodies were significantly reduced, this effect was dose dependent. The stimulation of B and T cells by mitogens was depressed: the mitogenic responses were more reduced for thymic cells than for splenic cells. DON inhibited cellular proliferation in vitro, as estimated by [3H]thymidine incorporation:murine splenocytes were more sensitive (IC50 = 131 ng/ml of culture) than XP human fibroblasts (IC50 = 252 ng/ml of culture). PMID- 3257593 TI - Effects of paraoxon, p-nitrophenol, phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate, and phenol on the rat interleukin 2 system. AB - Two organophosphorus compounds, paraoxon and phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate, as well as p-nitrophenol and phenol which are structurally related to paraoxon, were tested for their effects on interleukin 2 (IL2) production and responsiveness by rat splenocytes in vitro. Three of the four compounds inhibited mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation as well as IL2 production and responsiveness. However, phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate produced maximal inhibition at a much lower concentration (0.5 microM) than p-nitrophenol (200 microM) or paraoxon (200 microM). Phenol was not inhibitory at any concentration tested (up to 250 microM). Since the production of and response to IL2 are key events in immune responses, compounds which suppress these events can be identified as potential suppressors of host resistance to disease. PMID- 3257594 TI - Posttransfusion thrombocytopenia associated with passive transfusion of a platelet-specific antibody. AB - A transfusion reaction in a 76-year-old man was followed by severe but transient thrombocytopenia after infusion of whole blood. A high-titer platelet-specific antibody (anti-PLA) was demonstrated in the plasma of the implicated unit and in the serum of the blood donor. In addition, three previous recipients of blood from the implicated donor had posttransfusion episodes of unexplained thrombocytopenia. These cases represent the first reported clinical examples of posttransfusion thrombocytopenia caused by passively transfused platelet-specific alloantibodies. PMID- 3257595 TI - Treatment of acute oesophageal variceal bleeding by transgastric ligation. PMID- 3257596 TI - Analyses of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to glycoprotein and nucleoprotein components of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. AB - The outcome of infection by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in the natural murine host is determined in large part by the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response (CTL) mounted by the host. In order to define the specificities of CTL induced by LCMV infection, we have cloned and expressed the full-length nucleoprotein (NP) gene and 75% of the glycoprotein (GP) gene of LCMV in vaccinia virus vectors and have used these recombinant viruses to sensitize syngeneic target cells to lysis by anti-LCMV CTL. We have studied the anti-LCMV CTL responses induced on three different mouse H2 (major histocompatibility complex) backgrounds. First, we find that the relative recognition of the two LCMV proteins differs markedly on different H2 haplotypes; both proteins are seen on the H2bb background, while only NP is recognized on two other haplotypes (H2dd and H2qq). Second, we show that on the H2bb background the anti-GP CTL response comprises a major component of the overall CTL response, in marked contrast to several other viruses, e.g., influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and respiratory syncytial virus where anti-GP responses, if present, comprise only a minor portion of the whole. Third, LCMV GP can be a major target antigen for CTL induced by a serotypically distinct strain of LCMV, again in contrast to the above virus systems in which CTL cross-reactivity among different serotypes is dependent largely on the recognition of "internal" proteins. PMID- 3257597 TI - Evidence for a vestibular input contributing to dynamic head stabilization in man. AB - Horizontal head movements in response to unpredictable horizontal oscillations of the trunk were studied in 6 patients lacking vestibular function and in 6 normal subjects. In order to obtain compensatory (i.e. stabilizing with respect to earth) head movements, all subjects were required to look at an earth-fixed target, using their eyes and head. The turning points (maxima and minima) were determined from head and trunk position records. It was found that normal subjects reversed the direction of head movements in advance of trunk movements (mean lead = 82 ms) whereas the patients reversed head direction after the trunk (mean lag = 169 ms). The coherence function between head and trunk movements, measured with a spectral analyser in an additional labyrinthineless patient, was considerably lower than in normal controls. It is concluded that patients lacking vestibular function have impaired stabilization of the head in space, which can be taken as indirect evidence of the existence of active dynamic vestibulo-collic reflex (VCR) mechanisms in normal man. The lead found in normal subjects, notwithstanding the unpredictability of the stimuli, may reflect the detection of early acceleration signals by the vestibular apparatus to organize compensatory head movements. PMID- 3257598 TI - Nasopharyngeal bacteriology and secretory otitis media in young children. AB - A prevalence study was performed on the nasopharyngeal bacteriology of 112 young children, aged 4-6 years. During the preceding 2 years, 74 of these children had suffered from secretory otitis media (SOM) and 40 had had normal middle ear ventilation. At the examination, one-third of the children with SOM had improved their middle ear status (previous SOM group), whereas otomicroscopy and tympanometry remained unchanged in the healthy group. The nasopharyngeal swab sample was obtained from behind the soft palate by the oral route. The isolation rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was significantly higher in the SOM group than in the two other groups of children (p less than 0.006). The most commonly isolated capsular types of pneumococci were 6, 19, and 23, corresponding to the types involved in acute otitis media. The isolation rate of Haemophilus influenzae was 50% and an even distribution was found among the three groups of children examined. Biotypes I, II, III and IV accounted for 75% of the isolated cases of H. influenzae. As in acute otitis media, S. pneumoniae also seemed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of tubal dysfunction and SOM, and the difference is probably caused by variations in the quantitative colonization of pneumococci in the nasopharynx. PMID- 3257599 TI - Evaluation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex by gaze function. AB - The relationship between the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and gaze fixation was investigated in normal adults, normal children, patients with cerebellar lesion and patients with labyrinthine dysfunction. Large VOR gains were found in patients with cerebellar lesion and normal children, both presenting poor suppression by gaze. Pathological decline in the VOR gain with labyrinthine lesion impaired spatial gaze fixation; however, it did not affect fixation induced suppression. Gaze effect on the VOR, whether amplifying or suppressing, decreased linearly and rapidly at higher frequencies so that VOR seemed to be no more modified in the light at 2-3 Hz in any subject group. The present study suggested that VOR is controlled even in the dark by both mechanisms to obtain spatial gaze fixation and to gaze at a spatially moving target. PMID- 3257600 TI - Present and future status of MR imaging. PMID- 3257601 TI - Overcoming motion in abdominal MR imaging. AB - Anatomic structures that move periodically during the acquisition of data for an MR image become multiple ghosts in the phase-encoding direction. There is a constant spacing in pixels between consecutive ghosts, which is equal to the number of cycles of motion that occurred during the acquisition of data. The intensity of ghosts depends on the intensity of the moving structure and the number of pixels over which the motion occurred. No single method is completely satisfactory at suppressing motion artifacts. The major attributes and limitations of each method are summarized in Table 2, with plus (+) signs denoting merit. Theoretically, some methods perform better in reducing the intensity of ghosts and restoring the image intensity to its proper place. This certainly is not the final criterion, however. Some methods reduce the blurring in addition to suppressing the ghosts, or they suppress ghosts without prolonging the time for imaging. Certain methods also reduce ghosts from other kinds of motion. It is very appealing for a method to function without monitoring. The success of monitoring often depends too much on the cooperation of both the patient and technologist. The theoretical performance, attributes, and deficiencies of the various methods have been combined into a subjective overall rating in the last column of Table 2. All of the methods can be effective under the appropriate circumstances. Moreover, the methods are not mutually exclusive. It is advantageous, therefore, to combine methods to achieve even greater suppression. For example, physical restraint can be used for all but the most uncooperative patients. Most imaging techniques can be designed with gradients that rephase the signals from moving structures. Then other methods, such as averaging or reordering, can be applied as necessary. Fortunately, there are effective motion artifact suppression methods, even though not all are widely available yet on commercial equipment. Consistent suppression of motion artifacts will enhance the quality of MR images. Elimination of motion artifacts will improve the capability of MR to detect lesions and will provide a higher standard of performance for MR in the body. PMID- 3257602 TI - Quantification of regional myocardial function by rapid cine MR imaging. AB - The capability of rapid (cine) MR imaging to quantitate left ventricular function was assessed in 13 normal subjects and in 15 patients with ischemic heart disease and regional wall-motion abnormalities proved by echocardiography and/or by contrast ventriculography. Fifteen to 20 MR images/cardiac cycle were acquired by using partial flip angles, short repetition times, and gradient-refocused echoes. Regional wall motion was assessed qualitatively in the equatorial left ventricular section by using the cine display and quantitatively by measuring myocardial thickness at end-diastole and at end-systole in six left ventricular segments in this plane. In normal volunteers wall motion was normal in all segments. Heterogeneity of systolic wall thickening was observed in normal subjects, ranging from 33% +/- 17% in the posteroseptal segment to 66% +/- 29% in the posterior segment. Overall systolic wall thickening was 48% +/- 28%. From the cinematic display of MR images, abnormal wall motion was observed in 40 of 90 segments in patients with ischemic heart disease, which correlated well with results of echocardiography or contrast ventriculography. Twenty-one segments were hypokinetic, 15 were akinetic, and four were dyskinetic. In patients with ischemic heart disease, percentage systolic wall thickening was 43% +/- 31% in the segments with normal wall motion, 6% +/- 18% in hypokinetic segments, -4% +/- 24% in akinetic segments, and -13% +/- 25% in dyskinetic zones. Absolute systolic wall thickening was less than 2 mm in 31 of 40 abnormal segments and was greater than 2 mm in only three. Rapid acquisition, improved temporal resolution, and the capacity for cine display make this new MR technique potentially useful not only for qualitative assessment of cardiac wall motion, but also for quantification of regional myocardial function. PMID- 3257603 TI - MR imaging of acute myocardial infarction: value of Gd-DTPA. AB - The potential of gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA to improve the detection of acute myocardial infarction by MR has been shown in experimental canine studies. To determine its value in humans, we studied five patients 2-17 days after myocardial infarction by using ECG-gated MR before and after administration of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA. One patient had a rupture of the interventricular septum, complicating an acute inferior-wall infarction. Spin-echo images were obtained before and immediately after injection of Gd-DTPA and were repeated every 10 min for up to 40 min. In four patients, intensity-vs-time curves revealed increasing signal intensity in the infarcted area in the first 20 min after injection of gadolinium. Contrast between normal and infarcted myocardium was greatest 20-30 min after Gd-DTPA injection. In one patient, increasing signal intensity of the infarcted myocardium was observed up to 40 min after Gd-DTPA injection. The precontrast intensity ratio between infarcted and normal myocardium was 1.1 at echo time (TE) = 30 msec and was 1.4 at TE = 60 msec (p less than .05). The postcontrast intensity ratio was 1.6, which was not statistically different from the ratio at TE = 60 msec but which was significantly higher than the ratio at TE = 30 msec (p less than .01). Infarct definition was substantially improved on postcontrast images. The septal rupture was clearly seen, and the infarcted myocardium surrounding the septal rupture showed enhancement on postcontrast images. These results suggest that Gd-DTPA can improve MR visualization and detection of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3257605 TI - Image-intensifier photofluorography and conventional chest radiography: comparison of diagnostic efficacy. AB - Photofluorography with a large image intensifier, which provides an image field of 40 x 40 cm, reduces both the radiation dose and the imaging costs in chest radiography as compared with the film-screen technique. The two techniques were evaluated in a clinical study of 135 patients with suspected chest abnormalities. Photofluorographs and film-screen chest radiographs were interpreted independently by three radiologists. The diagnoses were confirmed by CT, follow up radiographs, and clinical records. Among the 135 patients, 75 had primary lung cancer, 39 had pulmonary nodules, 52 had hilar or mediastinal abnormalities, 17 had pleural fluid, and 45 had pneumonic or atelectatic changes. Twenty-three normal subjects were included. Differences in diagnostic accuracy, measured by sensitivity and specificity, were not statistically significant. A larger number of true-positive cases (65%) with peripheral lung nodules were found by photofluorography than by film-screen radiography (54%) (p less than .05). The results suggest that the diagnostic accuracy of chest images made by photofluorography is sufficient to warrant using it instead of the film-screen technique in routine chest radiography, especially to detect lung tumors and metastases. PMID- 3257604 TI - Aortobronchopulmonary fistula complicating aortic aneurysm: diagnosis in four cases. AB - Aortobronchopulmonary fistula, a fistulous connection between the aorta and lung, is uniformly fatal in untreated cases. However, with early recognition and surgery, the survival rate exceeds 80%. We have had four patients with aortobronchopulmonary fistula, all of which resulted from thoracic aortic aneurysms (two after grafting of thoracic aortic aneurysms, one mycotic, one atherosclerotic). All four patients presented with hemoptysis. All four had a chest radiograph, which in two showed the aneurysm and in three showed airspace disease adjacent to the aorta. The aneurysm was shown by CT in one of two patients and by aortography in two of three patients. Neither CT nor aortography showed the fistula. Aortobronchopulmonary fistula was proved by surgery in two of the patients and by autopsy in the other two. A high index of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis of aortobronchopulmonary fistula. The diagnosis should be considered in patients who have minor or major hemoptysis, with either coexisting thoracic aortic aneurysms or history of thoracic aneurysm repair. PMID- 3257606 TI - Latissimus dorsi cardiomyoplasty: radiographic findings. AB - Left latissimus dorsi muscle cardiomyoplasty is a surgical procedure in which the muscle is mobilized as a pedicled flap, moved into the left pleural and mediastinal cavities, and used for surgical repair and/or mechanical augmentation of a failing left ventricle. Chest radiographs in four patients who had undergone this procedure were evaluated. In all four patients, there was bandlike or diffuse increase in density in the left midhemithorax with loss of the left heart border. These findings, which could be misinterpreted as lung disease, represent the transposed muscle flap. CT showed the exact anatomic position of the flap in relation to the intrathoracic structures. Familiarity with the postoperative radiographic appearance of this type of myoplasty is important to avoid misinterpretation. PMID- 3257607 TI - Eloesser window thoracostomy for treatment of empyema: radiographic appearance. AB - The modified Eloesser procedure or open-window thoracostomy is a surgical treatment for chronic pleural empyema in which a relatively permanent drainage opening is created in the chest wall. The chest radiographs and CT scans of 13 patients who underwent a modified Eloesser window procedure were studied. On chest films, the Eloesser window characteristically appeared en face as an elliptical or crescent-shaped radiolucency with sharp superior and ill-defined inferior margins. It appeared in profile as a downward-sloping chest-wall defect with round superior and straight inferior margins. The first radiographs made after surgery often showed potentially confusing densities caused by the iodinated gauze used to pack the drained empyema cavity. On sequential chest films, the defect in the chest wall was always detectable, while the pleural cavity diminished in size and usually disappeared within 6 months. This analysis shows that the postoperative chest radiographs and CT scans in patients having the Eloesser window thoracostomy have features that are characteristic of the procedure. PMID- 3257608 TI - Balloon dilatation of the left main bronchus in sarcoidosis. PMID- 3257609 TI - Air embolism complicating percutaneous lung biopsy. PMID- 3257610 TI - Dual-contrast MR imaging of liver cancer in rats. AB - MR contrast agents increase hepatic tumor conspicuity, as measured in terms of contrast-to-noise (C/N) ratios. With an animal model of hepatic metastases from breast cancer, IV administration of Gd-DTPA (0.2 mmol/kg) shows a biphasic time response, transiently increasing the signal intensity of liver relative to tumor, with C/N ratio magnitudes increasing from -5.7 to -16.3 (SE 250/20); after a delay, the signal intensity of tumor increases relative to liver with a reversal of the C/N sign from negative to positive and an increase in the C/N magnitude to +25.0. IV administration of ferrite particles (0.05 mmol Fe/kg) shows a monophasic time response, increasing signal intensity of tumor relative to liver from +1.5 to +49.5 (SE 500/30). When both contrast agents were administered together (dual-contrast technique), the tumor-liver C/N magnitude reached a maximum of +67.8 (SE 500/30) 12 min after drug infusion. Analysis of individual contrast and noise factors contributing to this technique revealed a strong correlation between the signal intensity of liver and the signal intensity of ghost artifacts, which increase after administration of Gd-DTPA (r = .89) and decrease after administration of ferrite (r = 1.0). Dual-contrast imaging shows a synergistic addition of contrast and suppression of noise from ghost artifacts, maximizing the C/N and increasing the conspicuity of focal liver lesions. PMID- 3257611 TI - MR relaxation times and iron content of thalassemic spleens: an in vitro study. AB - To determine the relationship between MR relaxation times and the iron content of the spleens in patients with thalassemia, we measured these parameters at 0.19 and 1.18 T in 19 thalassemic spleen specimens in vitro. The correlation was best between iron content and the dependence between the interecho interval and the 1/T2 (T2 relaxation rate) at 1.18 T(r = .9361, p less than .001). No statistically significant correlation was found between T1 and iron content at either field strength. The variation of the 1/T2 with interecho interval may be useful for measuring iron content in vivo. It supports the theory that the T2 relaxation of iron deposits occurs via cellular field gradients produced by intralysosomal granules of hemosiderin. PMID- 3257612 TI - Choledochal varices. PMID- 3257613 TI - Small bowel obstruction due to Garren gastric bubble: radiographic diagnosis. PMID- 3257614 TI - CT of renal cell carcinoma in patients on chronic hemodialysis. AB - The occurrence rate of renal cell carcinoma is significantly higher in the native kidneys of patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis than in kidneys of normal subjects. These carcinomas may be difficult to detect because these kidneys tend to be small and distorted owing to acquired cystic disease. Four cases of renal cell carcinoma detected by CT are presented (three in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, and one in a patient with a functioning transplant who had history of dialysis). All kidneys had extensive acquired cystic disease. In two cases, contrast-enhanced scans showed a solid lesion of lower density than the kidney. In another case, in which IV contrast material could not be given, the mass was of higher density than the kidney and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy was present. In the fourth case, no distinct solid mass could be identified. The only sign of malignancy in this case was extensive lymphadenopathy. Whenever CT examination of the abdomen is performed in a patient undergoing chronic hemodialysis, the kidneys must be evaluated carefully because of the increased frequency of renal cell carcinoma. In a few cases, a distinct solid lesion may not be apparent or may be subtle owing to distortion of renal anatomy by acquired cystic disease. PMID- 3257615 TI - Arteriovenous malformations of the kidneys: ablation with alcohol. AB - Ablation of renal arteriovenous malformations with absolute alcohol was performed in seven patients with massive hematuria. In three patients, total occlusion of the malformations was accomplished by ablation of two arterial branches. In the remaining four patients, the malformations were partially occluded by ablation of one or two arterial branches. In addition to ablation with alcohol, two of the four patients underwent subselective embolization with Gelfoam (absorbable gelatin sponge) under epinephrine pharmacoangiography, which resulted in the disappearance of the remaining malformations. None of the patients had serious complications from ablation with alcohol, although dyspnea and headache occurred in one patient with marked arteriovenous shunting. During long-term follow-ups, hematuria disappeared in six patients. In the remaining patient hematuria recurred but did not require treatment. These data suggest that alcohol ablation is useful and safe in the treatment of renal arteriovenous malformations. PMID- 3257616 TI - CT diagnosis of circumcaval ureter. AB - Variability in the normal course of the ureter makes it difficult to differentiate a normal variant from a congenital anomaly or deviation caused by a mass. CT can be useful in making this distinction. We present five cases of circumcaval ureter in which contrast-enhanced CT, by showing the ureter passing posterior and medial to the inferior vena cava (IVC), provided the definitive diagnosis. In addition, we studied the position of the inferior vena cava in the midlumbar region in 100 consecutive contrast-enhanced CT scans and compared the results with the position of the IVC in our five cases of circumcaval ureter plus one case of circumcaval ureter taken from the literature. Whereas only 6% of the normal patients had an IVC lateral to the right pedicle of the third lumbar vertebra, all of the patients with a circumcaval ureter and the one case in the literature had the IVC lateral to the pedicle. Therefore, the finding of a laterally placed IVC on CT is suggestive but not pathognomonic of circumcaval ureter. Contrast-enhanced CT can be used to prove the diagnosis of circumcaval ureter, and lateral placement of the IVC on non-contrast-enhanced CT suggests the diagnosis. PMID- 3257617 TI - MR imaging of the knee: preliminary results with a 3DFT GRASS pulse sequence. AB - The knees of 17 patients (18 extremities) with possible meniscal, cruciate ligament, and articular cartilage abnormalities were examined with a three dimensional Fourier transform (3DFT), gradient-refocused acquisition in a steady state (GRASS) pulse sequence. Arthroscopic confirmation was available in all cases and was the standard for comparison. Thirteen of these extremities were also examined by using a two-dimensional Fourier transform spin-echo pulse sequence with a 2000-msec repetition time and 20- and 80-msec echo time. In these 13 cases, both pulse sequences correctly identified seven of eight meniscal abnormalities. However, interpretation of the 3DFT GRASS images resulted in fewer false-positive meniscal tears (three vs six). Cruciate ligament tears were detected more readily on the 3DFT GRASS images (six vs three with two possible tears on the spin-echo images). These preliminary findings suggest that the overall accuracy of MR imaging of the knee could be improved by including 3DFT gradient-refocused pulse sequences. PMID- 3257618 TI - Diagnosis of osteomyelitis by MR imaging. AB - Bone scans are highly sensitive for the diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis, but the difficulty of separating bone-marrow processes from soft-tissue disease limits the specificity and accuracy. A diagnostic technique capable of distinguishing bone-marrow processes from soft-tissue disease would improve the diagnostic accuracy of osteomyelitis. To evaluate the use of MR in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis, MR examinations were performed in 35 patients with suspected acute osteomyelitis. Twelve of these were proved to have osteomyelitis either by surgery (nine patients) or by clinical follow-up (three patients). In the other 23, osteomyelitis was excluded by surgery (12 patients) or by the clinical course (11 patients). Evidence of osteomyelitis on MR consisted of abnormalities of the bone marrow with decreased signal intensity on the T1-weighted images and increased signal intensity on the T2-weighted or short-T1 inversion recovery (STIR) images. MR and bone scintigraphy were interpreted by two radiologists who were given no clinical information other than to rule out osteomyelitis. The sensitivities of MR and static bone scan were 100% for bone-marrow abnormality. Because bone-marrow abnormality in osteomyelitis associated with healing fractures was incorrectly diagnosed by MR (one case) and bone scintigraphy (two cases), the sensitivities of MR and scintigraphy for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis were 92% and 82%, respectively. The specificities of MR and scintigraphy were 96% and 65%, respectively (p less than .05). The overall accuracy for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis was 94% for MR and 71% for bone scan (p less than .05). Because of its ability to separate soft-tissue disease from underlying bone marrow, MR may be used to evaluate patients with positive bone scintigraphy to improve the specificity and accuracy of diagnosis for osteomyelitis. PMID- 3257619 TI - Spinal pseudarthrosis complicating ankylosing spondylitis: comparison of CT and conventional tomography. AB - Pseudarthrosis, a functional false joint, is an important mechanical complication of advanced ankylosing spondylitis. For correct determination of prognosis and therapy, the presence and extent of the abnormality must be assessed accurately. CT findings in 18 patients with 22 pseudarthroses were compared with the results of conventional tomography. The condition was confirmed by surgery in nine patients (50%). CT scans clearly characterized the pseudarthrosis, providing data not provided by conventional tomography in 17 (77%) of the 22 lesions. CT showed irregular diskovertebral osteolysis with reactive sclerosis and more frequently detected the vacuum phenomenon and paraspinal swellings. In all cases, CT showed either a fracture of mobile facet joints in the posterior elements and allowed clear differentiation between the two. In four cases, such differentiation was impossible on conventional tomograms. Associated spinal stenosis was suspected on conventional tomograms in three lesions, but it was shown clearly by CT in 10 lesions. Our results suggest that CT offers considerable advantages over conventional tomography in the investigation of spinal pseudarthrosis complicating ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 3257620 TI - Soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities: comparison of MR and CT in determining the extent of disease. AB - A prospective comparison of the accuracy of MR and CT in determining the anatomic extent of disease was carried out in 40 patients who had histologically proved soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Tumor resection, performed by using either en bloc excision or amputation in all patients, allowed detailed pathologic verification of imaging findings. Image analysis included measurement of maximum tumor dimensions, notation of tumor position in relation to deep fascia, recording of anatomic compartment and individual muscle involvement, and documentation of the spatial relationships between tumor, neurovascular structures, underlying bones, and joints. MR and CT were equally accurate in measurement of maximal tumor diameter, detection of tumor depth, and delineation of tumor, neurovascular, osseous, and articular relationships. Evaluation of anatomic compartment and individual muscle involvement was more accurately accomplished with MR imaging; nine (23%) of 40 MR studies showed tumor involvement of one or more individual muscles that appeared normal in CT scans. These results suggest that MR imaging may be the staging procedure of choice in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities. PMID- 3257621 TI - Factors affecting visualization of posterior rib fractures in abused infants. AB - Rib fractures frequently are encountered in abused infants and commonly occur in the posterior rib arcs. Fractures occurring near the costovertebral articulations are rarely identified radiographically in the acute phase, and callus formation usually is the first indication of injury. To assess the factors influencing the visibility of fractures near the costovertebral articulations in abused infants, 103 posterior rib fractures occurring in 16 abused infants were studied radiologically. The plain radiologic studies were correlated with the pathologic findings in 15 ribs from four patients. The limited visibility of fractures relates to (1) the frequent superimposition of the transverse process over the rib fracture site, (2) a fracture line that crosses at an obliquity to the radiographic beam, and (3) nondisplacement of rib fragments due to preservation of the posterior periosteum. Fresh fractures invisible on a frontal projection are clearly defined when the rib is viewed axially with postmortem radiography. These findings explain the reported superior sensitivity of radionuclide bone scans vs radiography in the identification of fresh posterior rib fractures. A knowledge of the factors influencing the visibility of these important injuries is useful in planning an appropriate diagnostic evaluation in cases of suspected infant abuse. PMID- 3257622 TI - Balloon dilatation of esophageal stenosis in children. AB - Balloon dilatation of benign esophageal strictures is an accepted mode of therapy in adults. This report describes balloon dilatation in 20 consecutive infants and children. The lesions treated include 11 strictures at surgical anastomotic sites, seven restrictive Nissen fundoplications, and three nonanastomotic esophageal strictures. One patient had two lesions. Most dilatations were performed on an outpatient basis without anesthesia. All strictures responded immediately to dilatation. In most cases, long-term resolution occurred after three or fewer procedures. A subgroup of patients was identified in which a prolonged course of treatment was needed. These included patients with long strictures due to esophageal atresia, patients with chronic severe esophagitis, and patients with strictures at the site of esophageal perforation. No significant complications were encountered. Balloon dilatation of esophageal stenosis in children is effective and safe and should be considered before other methods of treatment are used. PMID- 3257623 TI - Acute intracranial hemorrhage: intensity changes on sequential MR scans at 0.5 T. AB - Thirty-seven patients underwent MR imaging at 0.5 T within 7 days of a CT documented intracranial hemorrhage. A total of 57 hematomas were evaluated. Twelve patients underwent serial scanning and 12 patients had multiple hemorrhages into different intracranial compartments. The appearances of the hematomas on spin-echo (SE) images with a short repetition time (TR) of 500 msec and short echo time (TE) of 32 msec (SE 500/32), long TR/intermediate TE (SE 2000/60), and long TR/long TE (SE 2000/120) were carefully evaluated with specific attention to the precise time after ictus. Hematomas showed heterogeneous, complex, rapidly changing intensities. There was a significant amount of variation among patients, especially between the third and seventh days. Hematomas studied between 12 and 24 hr after hemorrhage were mildly hyperintense on short TR scans and markedly hyperintense on long TR (intermediate and long TE) scans (stage I). These findings in acute hemorrhage have received little prior attention. Over the next 1-2 days, hematomas became iso- to mildly hypointense on short TR scans and markedly hypointense on long TR scans (stage II). Hypointensity on long TR scans has previously been described at high field strengths; our communication demonstrates that this phenomenon is seen routinely at intermediate field strengths as well. Hematomas became markedly hyperintense on short TR scans beginning on approximately the fourth day postictus and redeveloped hyperintensity on long TR scans approximately 5-6 days after ictus (stage III). By the end of the first week they were hyperintense on all pulse sequences (stage IV). MR findings on the first day after intracranial hemorrhage (in particular, subtle hyperintensity on short TR scans) probably allow for a specific diagnosis, while the variable, hetergeneous, and rapidly changing intensities noted between days 2 and 7 are often less specific. PMID- 3257624 TI - MR imaging of head trauma: review of the distribution and radiopathologic features of traumatic lesions. AB - The distribution and extent of traumatic lesions were prospectively evaluated with MR imaging in 40 patients with closed head injuries. Primary intraaxial lesions were classified according to their distinctive topographical distribution within the brain and were of four main types: (1) diffuse axonal injury (48.2%), (2) cortical contusion (43.7%), (3) subcortical gray-matter injury (4.5%), and (4) primary brainstem injury (3.6%). Diffuse axonal injury most commonly involved the white matter of the frontal and temporal lobes, the body and splenium of the corpus callosum, and the corona radiata. Cortical contusions most frequently involved the inferior, lateral, and anterior aspects of the frontal and temporal lobes. Primary brainstem lesions were most commonly seen in the dorsolateral aspects of the rostral brainstem. The pattern and distribution of primary lesions seen by MR were compared with those expected from previous pathologic studies and found to be quite similar. Our data and review of the literature would also indicate that MR detects a more complete spectrum of traumatic lesions than does CT. Secondary forms of injury (territorial arterial infarction, pressure necrosis from increased intracranial pressure, cerebral herniation, secondary brainstem injury) were also visible by MR in some cases. The level of consciousness was most impaired in patients with primary brainstem injury, followed by those with widespread diffuse axonal injury and subcortical gray-matter injury. The best MR imaging planes, pulse sequences, and imaging strategies for evaluating and classifying traumatic lesions were evaluated, and the mechanisms by which traumatic stresses result in injury were reviewed. MR was found to be superior to CT and to be very effective in the detection of traumatic head lesions and some secondary forms of injury. While T2-weighted images were most useful for lesion detection, T1-weighted images proved to be most useful for anatomic localization and classification. PMID- 3257625 TI - Prospective comparative study of intermediate-field MR and CT in the evaluation of closed head trauma. AB - Forty patients with closed head trauma were evaluated prospectively with CT and intermediate-field-strength MR imaging to compare the diagnostic efficacies of the two techniques. Traumatic lesions were detected in 38 patients. The severity of injury, as determined by the Glascow Coma Scale, ranged from 3 to 14. The sensitivities of CT and MR were calculated for all subgroups of lesions: (1) hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic intraaxial lesions (diffuse axonal injury, cortical contusion, subcortical gray-matter injury, primary brainstem injury); (2) extraaxial hematomas (subdural, epidural); and (3) diffuse hemorrhage (subarachnoid, intraventricular). CT and MR (T1- and T2-weighted) studies were both highly and comparably sensitive in the detection of hemorrhagic intraaxial lesions. MR scans, however, were much more sensitive in detecting nonhemorrhagic lesions. cortical contusions and diffuse axonal injury constituted 91.9% of all intraaxial lesions. The sensitivities of the imaging techniques for this combined group of lesions were (1) nonhemorrhagic lesions (CT = 17.7%, T1-weighted MR = 67.6%, T2-weighted MR = 93.3%); (2) hemorrhagic lesions (CT = 89.8%, T1-weighted MR = 87.1%, T2-weighted MR = 92.5%). MR was also significantly better in detecting brainstem lesions (CT = 9.1%, T1-weighted MR = 81.8%, T2-weighted MR = 72.7%). The sensitivities of the diagnostic studies in the detection of extraaxial hematomas were CT = 73.2%, T1-weighted MR = 97.6%, T2-weighted MR = 90.5%). Intraventricular hemorrhage was consistently seen with all three imaging studies, but subarachnoid hemorrhage was detected much more frequently with CT. In summary, MR has clear advantages over CT in evaluating closed head trauma. Although its sensitivity in detecting hemorrhagic lesions is similar to that of CT, it is much better than CT in detecting nonhemorrhagic lesions, which are more prevalent. MR is more useful than CT in classifying primary and secondary forms of injury and directing treatment. CT's one advantage over MR is its ability to more rapidly assess unstable patients who may need surgery. PMID- 3257626 TI - Radiographic system for use in emergency and intensive care units. PMID- 3257627 TI - Premedication after minor reactions. PMID- 3257628 TI - Changes in radiology training and practice. PMID- 3257629 TI - The value of reading the previous radiology report. PMID- 3257630 TI - Noninvasive procedures. PMID- 3257631 TI - Asymptomatic myocardial ischemia as a predictor of cardiac events after coronary artery bypass grafting for stable angina pectoris. AB - Thirty-six patients with chronic stable angina were studied before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to assess the prevalence and prognostic implications of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia obtained by ambulatory monitoring. Ambulatory monitoring performed during medical therapy before CABG detected 66 episodes of transient ischemia, 54 (82%) being asymptomatic. All patients were asymptomatic or with minimal symptoms 3 months after CABG. Additional ambulatory monitoring was performed for 36 hours. There were 39 episodes of silent ischemia detected in the 12 patients of group 1, whereas no episodes of ST-segment shift occurred in the 24 patients of group 2. Coronary artery bypass grafting reduced the frequency of transient ischemia by 41% (p less than 0.05) compared with medical therapy, whereas the number of ischemic episodes in group 1 increased from 23 during medical therapy to 39 episodes after CABG (41%, p less than 0.05). During a follow-up of 9 months, 8 cardiac events occurred: 6 in group 1 comprising sudden death (1), revascularization (2), and angina (3) and 2 in group 2, including revascularization (1) and angina (1) (p = 0.005). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that asymptomatic myocardial ischemia was correlated with a significant cumulative probability of cardiac events (p less than 0.025) and multivariate analysis of 11 variables showed that silent ischemia was the most powerful predictor of cardiac events (p less than 0.005). Silent ischemia was a forerunner for angina pectoris in some patients, whereas angina did not occur during the follow-up period in others. This study does not reveal whether or not these patients are at higher risk for cardiac events during long-term follow-up. PMID- 3257632 TI - Comparison of dipyridamole-handgrip test and bicycle exercise test for thallium tomographic imaging. AB - Seventy-three patients with angina pectoris and 20 with atypical chest pain, who underwent coronary angiography, were examined by single-photon emission computed thallium tomography (TI-SPECT) using a combined dipyridamole-handgrip stress test. Perfusion defects were detected in 78 of 81 patients with angiographically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) (sensitivity 96%). In 9 of 12 patients without CAD, the thallium images were normal (specificity 75%). Thirty-five patients with CAD were reexamined by TI-SPECT using a dynamic bicycle exercise stress test. The sensitivity of the dipyridamole-handgrip test did not differ from the bicycle exercise test in diagnosing the CAD (97% vs 94%). Multiple thallium defects were seen in 19 of 22 (86%) patients with multivessel CAD by the dipyridamole-handgrip test but only in 14 of 22 (64%) by the bicycle exercise test. Noncardiac side-effects occurred in 17 of 93 (18%) patients after dipyridamole infusion. Cardiac symptoms were less common during the dipyridamole handgrip test than during the bicycle exercise (15% vs 76%, p less than 0.01). These data suggest that the dipyridamole-handgrip test is a useful alternative stress method for thallium perfusion imaging, particularly in detecting multivessel CAD. PMID- 3257633 TI - Effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on left ventricular diastolic function. AB - Because left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is abnormal in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to evaluate LV filling before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Filling was evaluated by Doppler in 2 studies: (1) in a group of 41 unpaired patients (11 with angiographically normal coronary arteries, 14 with CAD but without CABG and 16 at 1 week after CABG) and (2) in a group of 12 patients with CAD before and 1 week after CABG. Doppler sampling at the level of the mitral anulus was analyzed for the deceleration half-time and for the ratio of peak late (A) to peak early (E) filling velocity, measures reflecting early ventricular filling and the relative contribution of atrial contraction to ventricular filling. In the first study the deceleration half-time was significantly prolonged in both CAD and CABG groups. The late to early peak transmitral velocity ratio, however, was significantly prolonged only in the nonrevascularized CAD patients. In the second group of CAD patients studied before and 1 week after surgical revascularization, both the late to early peak transmitral velocity ratio and the deceleration half-time showed significant postoperative improvement. Thus, patients with CAD showed impairment in early LV filling and a compensatory increase in the proportion of filling with active atrial contraction. Successful CABG appears to result in normalization of early filling and decreased reliance on active atrial transport. PMID- 3257634 TI - Endocardial catheter fulguration for treatment of atrial flutter. PMID- 3257635 TI - Expression of sialylated Leu-M1 antigen in histiocytosis X. AB - The purpose of this study is to determine the versatility of the monoclonal antibody anti-Leu-M1 in histiocytosis X diagnosis. This antibody recognizes an unsialylated lacto-N-fucopentaose III (hapen X) carbohydrate moiety that is linked to the cell membrane protein in interdigitating reticulum cells and Langerhans' cells. Previously, the authors have shown that anti-Leu-M1 can be used to stain Reed-Sternberg cells, which are likely related to interdigitating reticulum cells. In this study, the authors tested the usefulness of anti-Leu-M1 in staining formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections from eight patients with histiocytosis X. For staining of histiocytosis X cells, unlike Reed Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease, neuraminidase treatment was required for removal of sialic acid residues from the Leu-M1 antigen. The staining characteristics of anti-Leu-M1 in histiocytosis X cells resembled those of normal Langerhans' cells and lymphocyte and histiocyte variants (L & H cells) in the lymphocyte-predominant type of Hodgkin's disease. The significance of sialylation of Leu-M1 antigen in histiocytosis X cells has yet to be determined in order to correlate the prognosis of the disease. The authors suggest that anti-Leu-M1 used together with neuraminidase treatment is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of histiocytosis X when electron microscopy or frozen sections for OKT6 immunostaining are not available. PMID- 3257636 TI - Nontuberculous mycobacterial adenitis of childhood. The ten-year experience at a community hospital. AB - An increased occurrence of nontuberculous mycobacterial adenitis was observed in children admitted to the Tucson Medical Center for adenitis between 1979 and 1983. All infections were due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAI). All isolates were obtained from children less than 3 years old and with symptoms of two months or less. Children with negative cultures tended to be older, had a longer interval of lymphadenopathy, and had larger glands. Factors that may have caused the separation of our two groups and the high prevalence of MAI are addressed herein. Only earlier suspected diagnosis and application of tuberculosis screening studies can define the true prevalence of MAI disease in childhood. PMID- 3257638 TI - Obesity in children. PMID- 3257637 TI - Pneumocystis carinii serologic study in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Pneumocystis carinii antigen and IgG antibody profiles were prepared on 17 pediatric patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with pneumonia who were examined by a variety of invasive methods for P carinii organisms. Overall, the accuracy of the antigen assay in invasively examined pediatric patients with AIDS with pneumonia was 94% (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 90%), as antigen and invasive test results agreed in 16 of 17 patients. No statistically significant differences in IgG titer were observed between controls and patients invasively examined for P carinii, whether the organism was observed in the specimen or not. Since 38% of all serum samples referred were derived from "blood-borne" cases of AIDS, including patients who contracted AIDS as a result of both transfusion and hemophilia A, this suggests that P carinii pneumonia or P carinii pneumonia- like pneumonias may be more common in these individuals. PMID- 3257639 TI - Prevalence of HBsAg in asymptomatic carrier mothers and vertical transmission in South India. PMID- 3257640 TI - Cholestatic liver disease in a 20-yr-old woman with histiocytosis X. AB - A 20-yr-old woman with known diabetes insipidus complained of high fever and jaundice. Liver specimens biopsied under peritoneoscopy showed proliferating histiocytic or foamy cells in periportal areas. Immunocytochemical investigation demonstrated the presence of S-100 protein, but the absence of lysozyme in their histiocytic cells, and ultrastructural study revealed Birbeck granules in them. Vinblastine therapy reduced jaundice and high fever, and diabetes insipidus was controlled. Clinical, immunohistological, and cytological features suggested Letter-Siwe disease with jaundice, which responded well to treatment. PMID- 3257641 TI - Duodenal tuberculosis presenting as bleeding peptic ulcer. PMID- 3257643 TI - Computer-aided personal interviewing. A new technique for data collection in epidemiologic surveys. AB - Most epidemiologic studies involve the collection of data directly from selected respondents. Traditionally, interviewers are provided with the interview in booklet form on paper and answers are recorded therein. On receipt at the study office, the interview results are coded, transcribed, and keypunched for analysis. The author's team has developed a method of personal interviewing which uses a structured interview stored on a lap-sized computer. Responses are entered into the computer and are subject to immediate error-checking and correction. All skip-patterns are automatic. Data entry to the final data-base involves no manual data transcription. A pilot evaluation with a preliminary version of the system using tape-recorded interviews in a test/re-test methodology revealed a slightly higher error rate, probably related to weaknesses in the pilot system and the training process. Computer interviews tended to be longer but other features of the interview process were not affected by computer. The author's team has now completed 2,505 interviews using this system in a community-based blood pressure survey. It has been well accepted by both interviewers and respondents. Failure to complete an interview on the computer was uncommon (5 per cent) and well handled by paper back-up questionnaires. The results show that computer-aided personal interviewing in the home is feasible but that further evaluation is needed to establish the impact of this methodology on overall data quality. PMID- 3257642 TI - Cross-sectional study of recurrent herpes labialis. Prevalence and risk factors. AB - Consecutive blood donors at 25 sites in southern Wisconsin were interviewed in 1985 to ascertain recurrent herpes labialis histories, other perioral conditions, and status on possible predisposing factors and correlates of lesion recurrence. The prevalence of recurrent herpes labialis was 32.9%. Of the cases, 51.3% reported at least two recurrences per year, 8.6% characterized their condition as severe, and 10% sought medical care. Relations were examined between recurrent herpes labialis and family history of the disease, ethnicity, complexion, hair and eye color, other chronic perioral conditions, solar radiation, exposure to dental procedures, and smoking. The risk of recurrent herpes labialis associated with disease in various first-degree family members, estimated by age-adjusted odds ratios (nominal 95% confidence intervals) were: mother, 3.30 (1.86-5.84); father, 3.80 (1.80-8.12); sister(s), 3.93 (2.25-6.89); and brother(s), 6.81 (3.14 15.04). Ethnicity and phenotypes were not related to disease status. Cases had a higher prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulcers (odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.79-5.02) and reported more exposure to solar radiation and more extensive dental histories. PMID- 3257644 TI - Influence of T lymphocytes on hematopoiesis in a patient with T cell hypoplasia. AB - In this communication, we describe an unusual patient with a reported lifelong history of anemia. Investigation of the pathogenesis of this patient's bone marrow failure provided an interesting opportunity to determine the role of T cells in the regulation of human blood cell production. Phenotyping of the patient's mononuclear cells revealed severe T cell hypoplasia in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow. The patient's bone marrow was capable of producing 50-60% of the normal numbers of burst-forming units--erythroid (BFU-E) in the presence of optimal concentrations of erythropoietin, suggesting that marrow BFU-E formation is in part independent of T cells. Addition of small numbers of class I identical donor T cells enhanced BFU-E cloning efficiency to a level observed in normal controls. This enhancing effect was supplied by a T4+ (CD4) population of donor cells. The addition of donor T cells partially corrected the inability of patient marrow cells to produce megakaryocyte and mixed colonies. These studies suggest that prolonged T cell hypoplasia might deprive marrow progenitor and stem cells of a necessary enhancing effect that is required for sustained normal hematopoiesis. Such a T cell defect in rare instances may result in bone marrow failure. PMID- 3257645 TI - Prolonged remission after life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage from coexistent angiodysplasia and acquired bleeding diathesis. AB - A patient with angiodysplasia of the stomach and duodenum developed exceptionally severe and protracted gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Bleeding was intensified by a coexistent acquired hemostatic disorder characterized by decreased platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate, collagen, epinephrine and ristocetin, and a decrease in both plasma ristocetin cofactor activity and high-molecular-weight von Willebrand factor multimers. Cryoprecipitate infusion corrected the von Willebrand factor defect but did not improve platelet aggregation. Bleeding stopped after prolonged aggressive combined medical and surgical therapy, and the patient had no recurrence of bleeding while followed for 27 months. Hemorrhage from the vascular lesions themselves dominated the clinical picture of this patient and other reported patients with coexistent angiodysplasia and congenital or acquired hemostatic abnormalities. PMID- 3257646 TI - Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in hemophiliacs. AB - Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are very prevalent in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recently we have observed severe toxicities associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in three hemophiliacs, a group known to be at risk for developing AIDS. At the time of these reactions to the antibiotic, none of the patients had yet manifested any stigmata of AIDS per se. We advise caution in the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in hemophiliacs and other patients at high risk for the development of AIDS. PMID- 3257647 TI - Effects of purified human native granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on proliferation of blast progenitors in acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - Blast progenitors in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) grow in methylcellulose and suspension cultures. Blast colony formation in methylcellulose culture reflects the terminal divisions of blast progenitors, while secondary colony formation, by replating in methylcellulose and recovering clonogenic cells in suspension culture, reflects the self-renewal of blast progenitors. To analyze the regulatory mechanisms of the proliferation of leukemic blast progenitors, the effects of highly purified native granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) obtained from human squamous cell carcinoma line (CHU-2) on blast progenitors in AML patients were studied in methylcellulose and suspension cultures. Purified G CSF stimulated the growth of blast progenitors in both culture systems, although sensitivity to G-CSF varied from patient to patient. No obvious maturation of leukemic blasts was noted in suspension culture in the presence of G-CSF. The data suggest that a normal hemopoietic regulator may play a role in the growth of blast progenitors in AML patients. PMID- 3257648 TI - Partial characterization of a fibroblast-stimulating factor produced by cloned murine T lymphocytes. AB - T cells may regulate tissue fibrosis through the elaboration of soluble factors that stimulate fibroblast growth. The authors previously identified a factor produced by cloned Schistosoma mansoni antigen-specific T cells which served as a competence factor for murine fibroblasts. In the present report, they further characterize this fibroblast-stimulating factor (FsF) and differentiate it from a number of other T-cell-derived lymphokine activities. Crude supernatants from concanavalin-activated cloned T cells were fractionated by gel filtration, ion exchange, or reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. FsF has an apparent molecular weight of 17,000 and could be differentiated from colony stimulating factor (CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and interferon (IFN) on the basis of chromatographic characteristics. Highly purified or recombinant IL-2, IL-3, CSF, and IFN had no significant effect on fibroblast proliferation. Furthermore, a monoclonal anti-B-cell-stimulating factor-1 antibody only partially blocked the fibroblast proliferation induced by T-cell supernatants. PMID- 3257649 TI - DNA content of T-cell lymphomas. A flow-cytometric analysis. AB - Paraffin-embedded archival tissue from 29 cases of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of T-cell type and 9 control lymph nodes were examined by flow cytometry for DNA aneuploidy and cell-cycle kinetics. DNA aneuploidy was detected in 4 cases (13%) and was not related to histologic grade. Proliferative activity, as measured by proliferative index and S-phase fraction, was significantly increased in lymphomas, compared with controls, and was significantly higher in morphologically high-grade lymphomas, compared with low-grade lymphomas and control lymph nodes (P less than 0.05). Different morphologic types of T-cell lymphoma were also significantly different in their proliferative activity P less than 0.05). Moreover, within the category of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, different proliferative rates occurred in tumors in which small cells predominated, compared with intermediate- and large-cell tumors, suggesting biologic differences within this group. PMID- 3257650 TI - T lymphocytes in aortic and coronary intimas. Their potential role in atherogenesis. AB - In order to investigate the role of mononuclear cells in infiltrates during the initial stages of atherogenesis, the authors have studied by immunohistochemical methods the aortas and coronary vessels of children and young adults (ages 15-34) dying of acute trauma. Eccentric intimal thickening often accompanied by intimal mononuclear cell infiltration was commonly observed in sections of the lower thoracic aorta. These changes were usually related to intercostal branching sites and thus greater in the dorsal (posterior) than on the ventral aspect of the aorta in 64 of 75 cases examined. In some of these samples the authors were able to demonstrate the presence of T lymphocytes and monocyte-macrophages (mono/macs) by the use of the monoclonal antibodies T11 and Leu-M5, respectively. Many of the T lymphocytes were T8-positive and thus of the cytotoxic/suppressor subtype. T4 positive cells of the inducer/helper subtype were seen occasionally. T cells of both T4 and T8 subsets and mono/macs were also demonstrated in areas of eccentric intimal thickening in coronary arteries and in raised coronary lesions. In both the aortas and the coronary lesions the T cells and mono/macs were often closely associated with one another. This finding is of interest in view of the well known cell-regulatory and cytotoxic potential of these cells. Extrapolating from findings in non-human primates, the authors suggest a potential role for mononuclear cells in human atherogenesis. PMID- 3257652 TI - DSM-III psychiatric disorders among Hmong refugees in the United States: a point prevalence study. AB - The author reports on a survey of 97 Hmong adult refugees in the United States. Thirty of these refugees showed symptoms of chronic maladjustment, and 13 showed another DSM-III axis I disorder; two manifested a paranoid psychosis, and six had a major depression. There were few axis II diagnoses. Medical conditions were frequent and often psychophysiological in nature, but they were not associated with axis I disorders. Axis IV psychosocial stressors were not associated with axis I diagnoses, but subjects with an axis I disorder tended to show lower adaptive levels on axis V. The demographic condition most strongly associated with an axis I diagnosis was current status as a welfare recipient. PMID- 3257651 TI - Recombinant alpha 1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh attenuates experimental gram-negative septicemia. AB - Alpha 1-antitrypsin-Pittsburgh (AT-P), a naturally occurring lethal mutation (358Met----Arg), has been genetically engineered (rAT-P). The protein has been shown to be a potent active site-directed inhibitor of thrombin and the contact enzymes Factor XIIf, Factor XIa, and kallikrein. Because activation of the contact system is known to occur in gram-negative septicemia, the authors have hypothesized that the administration of rAT-P might modulate the course of this syndrome. Yorkshire piglets anesthetized with pentobarbital and infused with viable Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2 X 10(8) CFU) were untreated (Group I) or treated with rAT-P (Group II) and studied in a 6-hour protocol. Coagulation studies revealed that rAT-P significantly inhibited the rapid decrease in the functional concentrations of Antithrombin III, Factor XI, and fibrinogen. In addition, rAT-P markedly reduced the serum levels of fibrinogen degradation products. Survival in Group II was significantly increased during 2-5 hours but not at 6 hours when the functional levels of rAT-P in plasma were the lowest. These results indicate that this recombinant inhibitor, even at low concentrations, affords protection in experimental gram-negative septicemia. PMID- 3257654 TI - The indomitable spirit. PMID- 3257653 TI - Low frontal glucose utilization in chronic schizophrenia: a replication study. AB - Frontal/posterior ratios of cerebral glucose metabolism as determined by positron emission tomography were significantly lower in 13 chronic schizophrenic patients than in eight normal control subjects, as were absolute metabolic rates in both the frontal and posterior regions. The differences were not accounted for by cerebral atrophy. PMID- 3257655 TI - Granulomatous variants of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The histopathology of granulomatous mycosis fungoides and granulomatous slack skin. AB - Granulomatous mycosis fungoides is an unusual histologic variant of mycosis fungoides, a condition that is ordinarily indolent. Granulomatous slack skin, like granulomatous mycosis fungoides, shows epidermotropism, granulomatous inflammation, a clonal T-helper cell population, and progression to systemic lymphoma in some cases. Unlike granulomatous mycosis fungoides, it is characterized clinically by bulky, pendulous skin folds. The similarities between the two conditions prompted us to compare the histologic features. We reviewed 24 biopsies from 10 patients with granulomatous mycosis fungoides. These showed several distinct histologic patterns, including three cases that mimicked granuloma annulare. We also reviewed biopsy specimens from four patients with granulomatous slack skin. These specimens had a more stereotypic appearance, with permeation of the entire dermis and subcutis by lymphocytes, marked epidermotropism, and a more even distribution of granulomas and giant cells within the infiltrate. Biopsies of fully developed lesions of granulomatous slack skin showed elastolysis involving the full thickness of the dermis--a feature not seen in any of our granulomatous mycosis fungoides cases. Biopsy specimens from granulomatous mycosis fungoides and granulomatous slack skin may be mistaken for nonneoplastic granulomatous dermatitides, but they can usually be distinguished from these by the presence of epidermotropism or atypical lymphocytes. Because several of our patients with granulomatous mycosis fungoides died after courses of unremarkable length, it seems unlikely that the presence of granulomas is invariably correlated with a more benign course than nongranulomatous mycosis fungoides. PMID- 3257656 TI - Influence of epidermal growth factor on intestinal function in the rat: comparison of systemic infusion versus luminal perfusion. AB - Epidermal growth factor may be a trophic substance for the small intestine. Previous studies had not evaluated intestinal absorption after long-term continuous administration of epidermal growth factor or compared luminal perfusion with systemic infusion. Epidermal growth factor (150 micrograms/kg/day) was continuously infused either systemically or luminally for 14 days into young adult Fisher strain rats. Luminal studies were performed by creating 10 cm Thiry Vella loops. At the conclusion of the 14 day infusions, mucosal DNA concentration and absorption of carbon-14 galactose and carbon-14 glycine were determined. The increase in DNA concentration after systemic or luminal infusion of epidermal growth factor was not statistically significant. However, galactose absorption increased 1.9-fold (p less than 0.05) after systemic epidermal growth factor infusion and glycine absorption increased 4.4-fold (p less than 0.01). Luminal epidermal growth factor perfusion increased galactose absorption 2.4-fold (p less than 0.05) and glycine absorption 4.1-fold (p less than 0.01). Thus, both systemic and luminal administration of epidermal growth factor can significantly increase substrate absorption. Additional studies on the physiologic implications and clinical usefulness of these data are warranted. PMID- 3257657 TI - Hyperparathyroidism, cirrhosis, and portacaval shunt. A new clinical syndrome. AB - This is a report of six patients with cirrhosis of the liver in whom primary hyperparathyroidism occurred due to a solitary parathyroid adenoma 3 months to 9 years after undergoing emergency portacaval shunt for hemorrhage from esophageal varices. The presenting symptoms in all six patients were weakness and bone pain. Three patients had a bone fracture after insignificant trauma, one and probably two passed kidney stones, and a duodenal ulcer developed in two. Bone x-ray films showed generalized osteoporosis in all patients. Renal function and arterial blood pH were within normal limits in every patient. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in each patient was based on repeated demonstrations of hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and markedly elevated serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations. In all six patients, removal of the parathyroid adenoma resulted in disappearance of symptoms; normalization of serum calcium, phosphorus, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels; and in four of the six, improvement in radiographic evidence of osteoporosis during follow-up of from 1 to 6 years. The association of cirrhosis, portacaval shunt, and primary hyperparathyroidism has not been documented previously. Our six patients with primary hyperparathyroidism constitute 3.4 percent of 174 survivors of emergency portacaval shunt in a series of 264 unselected, consecutive patients with cirrhosis and bleeding esophageal varices. Hepatic osteodystrophy is known to have occurred in only 11 of these 174 survivors. Primary hyperparathyroidism may be a more common cause of hepatic osteodystrophy than has been previously recognized, and should be considered in patients with cirrhosis in whom weakness, bone pain, and bone demineralization develop, particularly if they have a portacaval anastomosis. PMID- 3257658 TI - Reticuloendothelial clearance and splenic mononuclear cell populations after resection and autotransplantation. AB - Although the preservation of splenic tissue may prevent overwhelming infection after splenectomy, the degree of protection conferred by small remnants has not been optimal. We investigated whether either splenic reticuloendothelial clearance of a blood flow-dependent colloid or macrophage and T-cell populations might be altered by resection or autotransplantation of the spleen. Our results have shown that bloodstream reticuloendothelial clearance of technetium 99m sulfur colloid is not impaired by splenectomy, partial resection of the spleen, or splenic autotransplantation. Such clearance is dependent on spleen weight and is not related to differences in either macrophage or helper or suppressor T-cell populations. This suggests that autotransplantation of the spleen is inferior to preservation of even a small hilar remnant and implies that repair or partial resection of the spleen will provide greater protection than autotransplantation. PMID- 3257659 TI - Mesenteric vein thrombosis associated with Klinefelters syndrome--a case report. AB - A case of mesenteric vein thrombosis presenting as gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome is reported, an association not previously described. The diagnosis was made preoperatively and was confirmed by angiography. The patient underwent a small bowel resection and made an uneventful recovery. A possible association between Klinefelter's syndrome and a hypercoagulable state, previously suggested elsewhere, is emphasized. PMID- 3257660 TI - Evaluation of the S-type of alpha-1-antitrypsin as an in vivo and in vitro inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. AB - S-type alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) is a deficiency haplotype that differs from the common normal M1 (val213) alpha 1AT haplotype by a single amino acid (glu264 to val264). To evaluate the adequacy of the antineutrophil elastase protection associated with the S homozygous state, alpha 1AT plasma and lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) levels and antineutrophil elastase function were analyzed in 9 PISS subjects. The plasma alpha 1AT levels of SS subjects were intermediate between that of M1M1 and ZZ subjects (p less than 0.001, all comparisons) and the plasma neutrophil elastase inhibitory capacity paralleled the differences in alpha 1AT concentration (p less than 0.001, all comparisons). The association rate constant for neutrophil elastase of the purified S protein was less than that of the normal molecule (S-type, 7.1 +/- 0.1 X 10(6) M-1 s-1; M1-type, 9.6 +/- 0.2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1; p less than 0.001), but much greater than that for the Z molecule (p less than 0.001). Exposure of the purified S protein to increasing oxidant burdens resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the ability of the molecule to inhibit neutrophil elastase in a fashion parallel to that of the M1 and Z proteins. Quantification of ELF alpha 1AT levels and antineutrophil elastase capacity demonstrated that the SS ELF parameters were, as in plasma, intermediate between M1 homozygotes and Z homozygotes. Using the association rate constant together with the quantification of ELF alpha 1AT levels, the "in vivo lung inhibition time" was estimated, yielding an assessment of the relative antineutrophil elastase screen of the PISS lower respiratory tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3257661 TI - Emphysema of early onset associated with a complete deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin (null homozygotes). AB - We have compared lung function in 3 subjects with no alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 protease inhibitor) (null homozygotes) with subjects having the typical deficiency, PIZZ. We identified a 31-yr-old woman, presenting with severe obstructive lung disease, who had no detectable plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin, indicating homozygosity for a "null" (or PI*QO) allele of alpha 1-antitrypsin. Two of her sisters have a similar deficiency, one with an onset of symptoms at 17 yr of age. Because of the likelihood that there are a number of different PI*QO alleles, the type in this family has been named null Mattawa (QOmattawa). All 3 homozygotes have shown a marked deterioration of lung function over a 7-yr period of follow-up. In contrast, lung function tests of 6 age-matched nonsmoking subjects with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, PI type ZZ, showed no abnormalities of lung function. The 15 to 20% of the normal plasma concentration of alpha 1 antitrypsin associated with the PI*Z allele appears to provide some protection to the lung in comparison with a complete deficiency state. PMID- 3257662 TI - Alveolar-capillary block in patients with AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - To determine the value of subdividing diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL) in diagnosing and monitoring the course of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), we measured DL, membrane diffusing capacity (DM), and pulmonary capillary blood volume (VC) in 20 control subjects, 20 patients with a low DL (less than 75% predicted) and newly diagnosed PCP, and 16 patients with a low DL in most of whom PCP had been suspected and excluded. Ten patients with PCP were restudied approximately 60 days after treatment. When clinically indicated, lung biopsies were obtained for histologic examination. Compared with mean values in control subjects (DL = 92%, DM = 101%, and VC = 35 ml/m2), all values were decreased (p less than 0.01) in patients with PCP (DL = 58%, DM = 33%, and VC = 26 ml/m2) and in those without PCP (DL = 61%, DM = 56%, and VC = 22 ml/m2). Values of DM were significantly less (p less than 0.05) in patients with, than in those without, PCP. Analysis of lung biopsies by light and electron microscopy showed overlapping morphologic abnormalities in the 2 groups of patients. In the 10 patients with PCP restudied after successful treatment, the mean DL increased from 60 to 80% (p less than 0.0005), the DM increased from 35 to 108% (p less than 0.006), and the VC did not change. These results suggest that in contrast to most disorders in which DL is decreased, PCP causes reversible alveolar-capillary block. PMID- 3257663 TI - Selective delivery of pentamidine to the lung by aerosol. AB - In 8 patients with diffuse infiltrates on chest radiograph undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy for suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, bronchoalveolar lavage sediment and supernatant concentrations of pentamidine were compared 18 to 24 h after administration of 4 mg/kg intravenous (n = 3) and aerosolized (n = 5) pentamidine isethionate. Aerosol was inhaled for 35 to 40 min with 300 mg of pentamidine isethionate in a jet nebulizer, baffled to decrease the particle size to 1.42 micron +/- 1.88 (mass median aerodynamic diameter +/- geometric standard deviation). Bronchoalveolar pentamidine concentrations were: In sediment, 9.34 +/ 1.74 postintravenous versus 705 +/- 242 ng/ml postaerosol (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05); supernatant, 2.64 +/- 0.73 postintravenous versus 23.2 +/- 7.75 ng/ml postaerosol (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05). Serum pentamidine levels were low or undetectable after aerosolization. Aerosol administration delivers significantly higher concentrations of pentamidine to the air spaces than does intravenous delivery in patients with diffuse alveolar infiltrates. PMID- 3257664 TI - Transbronchial biopsy without fluoroscopy in patients with diffuse roentgenographic infiltrates and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Transbronchial biopsy with the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope is usually performed with the assistance of fluoroscopy in order to increase diagnostic yield and decrease the incidence of pneumothorax. We have compared the results of transbronchial biopsy performed with or without fluoroscopic guidance in patients with diffuse roentgenographic infiltrates who had or were suspected of having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Neither the sensitivity for Pneumocystis carinii (88.5 versus 92%) nor the percentage of patients developing pneumothoraces after transbronchial biopsy (8.6 versus 11.1%) was significantly different in those patients who had the procedure without fluoroscopic guidance compared with those in whom fluoroscopy was used. There were no patients with significant hemorrhage or deaths in either group. This complication rate compares favorably with other reports of transbronchial biopsy in immunocompromised patients in which fluoroscopy was used. "Blind" transbronchial biopsy is a safe and effective diagnostic procedure in this patient population. PMID- 3257665 TI - Hemorrhage from a Dieulafoy type ulcer of the colon: a new cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Massive bleeding from a submucosal artery and small mucosal erosion has been termed Dieulafoy's ulcer or Exulceratio Simplex. The condition was originally described in the stomach but there have been reports of three similar lesions found in the colon. A patient with massive bleeding from a submucosal artery in the ascending colon with complete angiographic and histologic examination is the fourth case reported in the literature. This lesion is identical to previous clinical and pathological descriptions of Dieulafoy's ulcers presenting in the stomach. This pathologic entity may exist in the colon and can cause massive bleeding. Diagnosis is by angiography and by pathologic confirmation of the lesion. Treatment is primarily surgical resection because the massive bleeding precludes colonoscopic control of bleeding. The differential diagnosis of massive colonic hemorrhage should include this lesion. PMID- 3257667 TI - Principles for use of intraoperative enteroscopy for hemorrhage from the small bowel. AB - Most patients with bleeding from the small bowel are frequently difficult to diagnose and treat because the rate of bleeding is slow and because this is the "blind area" of gastrointestinal endoscopy. We used a colonoscope passed by mouth intraoperatively in order to determine the site of bleeding in four patients. All patients required resection with one requiring laser therapy as well. We found that the following principles were important in maximizing the value of this technique: (1) Good communication between the endoscopist and operating surgeon during the procedure, (2) clamping the distal small bowel to prevent air accumulation in the colon (3) examining the bowel on the way in and avoiding the use of suction to minimize scope trauma artifact, (4) turning off the room lights in order to examine the transilluminated bowel externally, (5) examining the entire small bowel if possible, and (6) marking each site externally with a suture as it is identified. PMID- 3257666 TI - Comparison of 1% sodium tetradecyl sulfate to a thrombogenic sclerosant cocktail for endoscopic sclerotherapy. AB - This preliminary report suggests superior efficacy of a mixture of Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate, thrombin and cefazolin (ST-Thr-Cef) over 1% Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate (ST) in the early control of variceal bleeding. The overall management of patients treated with ST-Thr-Cef was superior as indicated by fewer hospital days and lesser transfusion requirements. Though trends were suggestive, we were unable to demonstrate a survival advantage for patients treated with ST-Thr-Cef. There was a low number of complication in both treatment groups and they were easily managed. PMID- 3257668 TI - Nd-YAG laser applications in surgical endoscopy: a single center comprehensive experience. AB - A retrospective review of endoscopic procedures using the Nd-YAG laser was carried out for patients treated between September 1984 and November 1986. Two hundred twenty two procedures were performed on 104 patients (58M:46W) during this 26 month period. The study encompasses a unique period of time in this center, as it includes the initial use of the endoscopic laser technique, the learning curves associated with its application, and finally, the time when its use became routine. Treatment of tumors was the indication in 47 per cent of the cases. Gastrointestinal bleeding of benign cause was the indication in nearly half of the patients; arteriovenous malformations were the most common causes of bleeding. Laser photocoagulation of hemorrhoids was performed in 11 cases. Upper endoscopy was the route in 33 per cent of procedures. Anoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy were the routes in the remainder. The time spent on the procedure and the energy delivered were found to be variables of the type of lesion and the endoscopic route. Nd-YAG laser endoscopy can be used safely and effectively for a variety of bleeding and obstructive gastrointestinal conditions. Appropriate certification for granting of privileges to laser endoscopists is of utmost importance. PMID- 3257669 TI - Q fever endocarditis on porcine bioprosthetic valves. Clinicopathologic features and microbiologic findings in three patients treated with doxycycline, cotrimoxazole, and valve replacement. AB - Three patients developed Q fever endocarditis on porcine bioprosthetic valves. They had a subacute or chronic course with nonspecific symptoms, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and cardiac failure due to destruction of the cusps, without disruption of the valve ring. High-phase I-specific IgG and IgA antibody titers against Coxiella burnetii were found. C. burnetii was isolated in each patient by inoculating suspensions of valve tissue into a human fetal diploid fibroblast cell line, which was grown as monolayers on slides contained inside rubber-stoppered tube cultures. Patients were treated successfully with doxycycline, cotrimoxazole, and valve replacement and were followed up for periods of 24 to 42 months; no evidence of deterioration was found. The human fetal diploid cell culture may be an expeditious, easy, and safe method to isolate C. burnetii from cardiac valves. Valve replacement seemed necessary to cure prosthetic-valve endocarditis due to C. burnetii infection. Combined therapy with doxycycline and cotrimoxazole may control the disease and prevent reinfection of the homografts replacing the valves. PMID- 3257671 TI - Two distinct quinidine-induced rheumatic syndromes. AB - Of seven patients with quinidine-induced polyarthropathy, four had positive antinuclear antibodies and could be considered to have had quinidine-induced lupus erythematosus. The remaining three patients had milder symptoms, which occurred soon after the start of quinidine therapy, and did not have antinuclear antibodies. To confirm the association, the latter three patients were rechallenged with quinidine therapy, which caused recurrence of symptoms within 1 week. Antihistone antibodies, which are characteristic of drug-induced lupus erythematosus associated with procainamide and hydralazine therapy, were detected in all patients with quinidine-induced lupus erythematosus. An unusual characteristic of antihistone antibodies seen in two patients was the presence of high levels of IgG antibodies to histone H1 as well as H2A.H2B and H3.H4 complexes, without antibodies to the individual core histones. PMID- 3257670 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for acute dysuria in women: a single-dose or 10-day course. A double-blind, randomized trial. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare single-dose and 10-day treatment regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in women with acute dysuria, urgency, or urinary frequency. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Student health center at a major university. PATIENTS: Consecutive sample of 255 young women including 216 with a bacteriologically documented urinary tract infection. INTERVENTION: Single-dose treatment (trimethoprim, 320 mg and sulfamethoxazole, 1600 mg) given to 116 women and 10-day treatment (trimethoprim, 160 mg and sulfamethoxazole, 800 mg, twice daily) given to 125 women. Women with a history of sulfonamide allergy were given trimethoprim alone: 10 received single-dose treatment (200 mg) and 5 received 10-day treatment (100 mg, twice daily). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The rates for resolution of symptoms at 3 days, 13 days, and 6 weeks after entry into the study were not significantly different between treatment groups. Among women with urinary tract infections, cumulative crude rates of recurrence in the single-dose and 10-day treatment groups, respectively, were 24% compared with 5% at 13 days after entry (P = 0.0002; 95% confidence interval [CI] for difference in proportions, 10%, 28%) and 32% compared with 21% at 6 weeks after entry (P = 0.07; 95% Cl, -2%, 24%). Factors independently associated with lower cure rates were a history of a urinary tract infection within the previous 6 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% Cl, 1.4 to 10.6) and presence of 10(5) bacteria/mL or greater in an initial midstream culture (adjusted OR, 2.9; 95% Cl, 1.2 to 7.0). After controlling for these factors, the risk of failure after single-dose treatment was not statistically significantly different from 10-day treatment at 6 weeks (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% Cl, 0.8 to 3.2; P = 0.21). Compared to 10-day treatment, single-dose treatment less effectively eradicated Escherichia coli from the vaginal flora (P less than 0.001) and led more often to early same-strain recurrences (P = 0.003). Meaningful adverse effects occurred in 12% of women given single-dose treatment compared with 25% of women receiving 10-day treatment (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with single-dose treatment, 10-day treatment yields a superior cure rate at 2 weeks after the start of treatment, but by 6 weeks the advantage of longer treatment no longer exists. This effect may be explained by the lesser effectiveness of single-dose treatment in eradicating vaginal E. coli, resulting in more frequent same-strain recurrences within 2 weeks of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3257672 TI - Running-associated proximal hemorrhagic colitis. PMID- 3257673 TI - Pneumocystis pneumonia. PMID- 3257674 TI - Diagnosis of retrocochlear and central vestibular disease by magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging has become the study of choice for the diagnosis of retrocochlear and central vestibular disease. Three groups of lesions, each characterized by a specific site of origin, have been recognized: 1) petrous apex lesions such as congenital cholesteatomas and cholesterol granulomas involving the eighth cranial nerve within the internal auditory canal; 2) cerebellopontine angle tumors, mainly acoustic neuromas and meningiomas; and 3) CNS disease involving the brain stem and the central auditory and vestibular pathways such as tumors, multiple sclerosis, infarcts, and hemorrhage. PMID- 3257675 TI - Neurons of the inferior medullary velum in the cerebellopontine angle. AB - The edge of the inferior medullary velum (tenia) is attached in part to the surface of several structures localized in the cerebellopontine angle, including the cochlear nuclear complex and the pontobulbar body. Since superficial layers of these structures contain numerous neurons, we examined the possibility that neurons are also present within the velum. On light microscopy, we found groups of neurons accumulated immediately under the pia mater covering the tenia. The number of groups in different specimens varied from one to three, and the groups were rounded or oval in shape. A bundle of fibers running from the main mass of the brain stem toward these groups was revealed with a myelin-staining technique. The majority of neurons in the groups were angular in shape. These findings may contribute to our understanding of the general and surgical anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle. PMID- 3257676 TI - Biological activity of 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluorinated analogs of vitamin D3 in inhibiting interleukin-2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. AB - Vitamin D compounds suppress the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin in a dose dependent manner. We used this suppression to test 26,26,26,27,27,27 hexafluorinated analogs of vitamin D3 for their immunosuppressive activity in PBMCs. 26,26,26,27,27,27-Hexafluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were approximately 10 times more potent than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in suppressing IL-2 production. 26,26,26,27,27,27-Hexafluoro-1-hydroxyvitamin D3 was 20 to 30 times less potent than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in causing this effect. The relative biopotency of each vitamin D3 analog toward PBMC proliferation was roughly similar to that toward IL-2 production by PBMCs. Suppression of PBMC proliferation by vitamin D3 analogs seemed to be a secondary effect of their inhibition of IL-2 production. PMID- 3257677 TI - [Recent management of renal cell carcinoma]. AB - Our experience of radical nephrectomy was analyzed and recent management of renal cell carcinoma was reviewed. One hundred forty-eight patients with renal cell carcinoma were treated by radical nephrectomy between 1970 and December, 1986. The 5-year survival rate according to pathological T-stage was 100% for 4 patients in pT1, 73% for 85 patients in pT2, 51% for 54 patients in pT3, and 0% for 5 patients in pT4. Four patients in pT1 had no venous involvement, lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis. Thirty patients had venous involvement, 8 in pT2, 20 in pT3 and 2 in pT4. Seventeen patients had positive lymph nodes, 0 in pT2, 15 in pT3 and 2 in pT4. Thirty-three patients had distant metastasis at the time of nephrectomy, 12 in pT2, 18 in pT3 and 3 in pT4. The 5-year survival rates of 30 patients with venous involvement, 17 with lymph node metastasis and 33 with distant metastasis were 47%, 30% and 37%, respectively. No anti-cancer drugs have been recognized to be effective for renal cell carcinoma. However, recent experiences with interferon and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy suggest that immunotherapy may have a potential role in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 3257678 TI - [Effects of endoscopic intratumoral injection of lentinan in patients with gastric cancer]. AB - We studied the effects of endoscopic intratumoral injection of Lentinan in 7 patients with advanced gastric cancer. Ten to 14 days before surgery, Lentinan at a dose of 3 mg was endoscopically injected into the cancer tissues. The effects of Lentinan injection were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for lymphocyte subsets in the resected specimens and by the natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes before and after injection. The distribution of lymphocyte subsets in cancer tissues was compared with those of 7 patients with advanced gastric cancer without Lentinan injection (control group). The ratios of CD 8+ cells and CD 25+ cells to CD 3+ cells in cancer tissues were statistically higher in the group given Lentinan injection than in the control group. The NK activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes significantly increased from 16.0 +/- 4.6% before injection to 21.1 +/- 5.1% after injection. However, there were no changes in lymphocyte subsets during this period. There were no side effects caused by the Lentinan injection. We conclude that endoscopic intratumoral injection of Lentinan may enhance local and systemic immunity in patients with gastric cancer. PMID- 3257680 TI - Major upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Relation to the use of aspirin and other nonnarcotic analgesics. AB - In a hospital-based case-control study, the risk of a first episode of major upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in subjects now known to be predisposed was assessed in relation to the use of nonnarcotic analgesics. For aspirin use within the week before the onset of symptoms, the rate ratio estimates, adjusted for potential confounding, were 15 (95% confidence interval, 6.4 to 34) for regular use (at least four days a week) and 5.6 (confidence interval, 2.7 to 12) for occasional use. For aspirin use discontinued at least one week earlier, the estimate was 1.6 (confidence interval, 0.6 to 4.2). There was no evidence that acetaminophen use increased the risk. For the regular use of other analgesics in the week before onset, the adjusted rate ratio estimate was 9.1 (confidence interval, 2.7 to 31); there were insufficient data to evaluate occasional use. The findings suggest that the risk of bleeding is increased substantially by aspirin, even when used occasionally. With the exception of acetaminophen, other nonnarcotic analgesics may also increase the risk, but they remain to be evaluated individually. PMID- 3257681 TI - Early predictors of in-hospital mortality for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3257679 TI - Epidural spinal cord electrical stimulation improves microvascular blood flow in severe limb ischemia. AB - Epidural spinal cord electrical stimulation (ESES) was performed on 10 patients with severe limb ischemia due to atherosclerotic disease. Microcirculatory parameters were assessed before and after ESES. Bright field microscopy was used to assess capillary diameters and red blood cell (RBC) velocity in the dorsum of the foot. Fluorescein microscopy was used with intravenously injected sodium fluorescein to study capillary density and sodium fluorescein appearance time in the dorsum of the toe. The systolic ankle/arm pressure ratio and toe pressure measurements were used as macrocirculatory parameters. After ESES, clinical improvement was confirmed by intravital microscopy. Capillary density increased (p less than 0.001), RBC velocity in capillaries already perfused before ESES increased from 0.054 mm/sec to 0.762 mm/sec (p less than 0.001), and sodium fluorescein appearance time decreased from 72 to 45 seconds (p less than 0.001). Capillary diameter did not change significantly so that the increase in RBC velocity may be interpreted as enhanced volume flow. Systolic ankle/arm pressure ratios and digital arterial pressure did not change significantly. The current results show that in patients with severe occlusive arterial disease of the lower limbs, ESES recruits capillaries not perfused in the control situation and enhances skin blood flow, improvements that may explain the beneficial clinical effects of ESES. PMID- 3257682 TI - EMG-triggered muscle stimulation. PMID- 3257683 TI - Effect of blood transfusion on antigen presentation function and on interleukin 2 generation. AB - To study the effect of blood transfusion (BT) on cell-mediated immunity, we examined the antigen presentation function of peritoneal macrophages and interleukin 2 (IL-2) generation by splenocytes. C3H/HEJ mice were transfused with 0.2 mL of fresh allogeneic blood obtained from C57BL/6 mice; they were killed on days 1, 3, and 7 after BT. A second group of C3H/HEJ mice was transfused with 0.2 mL/d of the same allogeneic blood on three successive days; they were killed on day 7 following the last BT. The antigen presentation function of peritoneal macrophages was measured by utilizing a D10.G4.1 T-helper cell clone; IL-2 activity in supernatants of concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes was tested by utilizing an IL-2-dependent HT-2 cell line. The results indicate that although antigen presentation function remains unaffected after single and multiple BTs, the ability of splenocytes to generate IL-2 decreases significantly even after a single BT. Thus, the increased susceptibility to infection and the additional immune perturbations in malignant neoplasms following BT may be due in part to decreased IL-2 generation. PMID- 3257684 TI - Hydrogen peroxide-mediated inhibition of T-cell response to mitogens is a result of direct action on T cells. AB - Hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen intermediate produced by activated neutrophils, has been shown to inhibit the response of human T lymphocytes to mitogens and alloantigens. Since hydrogen peroxide is known to react with iron and to induce lipid peroxidation, we compared the effects of hydrogen peroxide and a lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, on the response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to T-cell mitogens. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells pretreated with 1 mmol/L of malondialdehyde, washed, and resuspended in fresh medium exhibited no inhibition of phytohemagglutinin responsiveness. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated in the same manner but with 200 mumol/L of hydrogen peroxide were inhibited by more than 95%. The addition of ferric edetate did not alter the inhibitory effects of 50 to 100 mumol/L of hydrogen peroxide, nor did the addition of deferoxamine, an iron chelator. These studies suggest that exogenous lipid peroxidation does not affect lymphocyte activation but that hydrogen peroxide has a direct inhibitory effect. Although monocytes are necessary for T-cell mitogenic responses, the effect of hydrogen peroxide was found to be directed at T lymphocytes. Exposure of T cells to a single dose of 200 mumol/L of hydrogen peroxide resulted in more than 71% suppression of the proliferative response measured 48 hours later, but the effect was spontaneously reversed by 72 to 96 hours. Repeated exposure of the cells to hydrogen peroxide resulted in continued inhibition of the proliferative response. These findings suggest that hydrogen peroxide produced by inflammatory phagocytic cells might be capable of suppressing the immune response of nearby T lymphocytes. PMID- 3257685 TI - Generation of an anti-interleukin 2 factor in healing wounds. AB - Previously we have noted that fluid obtained from ten-day-old healing wounds noncytotoxically inhibits the blastogenesis of lymphocytes in response to mitogens or antigens. Since these lymphocytic responses are interleukin 2 (IL-2) mediated, we looked for a specific IL-2 inhibitor in wound fluid. We have found that wound fluid blocks the response of thymic lymphocytes and of two cloned T helper cell lines (D10 and HT2) to exogenous human recombinant IL-2. The wound fluid enhances fibroblast proliferation, thus demonstrating that its proliferative inhibitory activity is specific for lymphocytes. The findings suggest that wound fluid contains a factor that impairs lymphocyte response to IL 2, probably at the receptor or postreceptor level. PMID- 3257686 TI - Splenectomy alters Kupffer cell response to endotoxin. AB - The spleen is a potential source for lymphokines, substances known to prime or activate macrophages. Liver macrophages or Kupffer cells are directly exposed to these products via the portal circulation. To determine whether a loss of splenic factors would alter Kupffer cell responses, we studied the effect of splenectomy or sham operation on Kupffer cell responses to endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We determined Kupffer cell activation using an in vitro rat hepatocyte Kupffer cell coculture system in which Kupffer cells normally mediate a significant decrease in hepatocyte protein synthesis if triggered by LPS. We found that Kupffer cells from splenectomized rats were significantly less responsive to LPS three to 60 days after splenectomy. Kupffer cells from sham operated animals responded normally to LPS. This was contrasted to an increased sensitivity to LPS in the first two days following splenectomy. These data suggest that both splenectomy and a loss of splenic factors alter Kupffer cell responses to septic stimuli. We propose that the decreased sensitivity to LPS after splenectomy may be due to a loss of the priming effects of splenic lymphokines. This decreased responsiveness might contribute to the increased incidence of overwhelming infection after splenectomy. PMID- 3257687 TI - Delayed hyperemia following hypoperfusion in classic migraine. Single photon emission computed tomographic demonstration. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in seven patients during classic migraine attacks. Single photon emission computed tomography was performed soon after hospital admission, and three to eight hours, 20 to 24 hours, and one week later after the onset of symptoms. Initially reduced rCBF persisting up to three hours was observed in the hemisphere appropriate to the focal neurologic deficit; hyperperfusion was noted later in the same region in these patients. At 24 hours rCBF was normal in four patients, hyperemia persisted in two patients, and one patient was not restudied. The area of interest demonstrated a mean decrease of 19% +/- 7% in side-to-side asymmetry when compared with the contralateral region. In three to eight hours this reversed to a mean increase of 19% +/- 4% (delayed hyperemia). No asymmetries were observed after one week. The late hyperemic asymmetry often persisted beyond the duration of the clinical headache. It is postulated that this tardive regional hyperperfusion is a consequence of previous focal arteriolar vasoconstriction. This vascular sequence of events further delineates the diagnostic merit of studying rCBF by noninvasive single photon emission computed tomography in migraine. PMID- 3257688 TI - Effect of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim on neurologic dysfunction in a patient with Joseph's disease. AB - Joseph's disease, an autosomal dominant, degenerative neurologic disease found in the Portuguese, is clinically manifested by extrapyramidal, pyramidal, and cerebellar dysfunction. A patient with the type II form of the disease reported improvement in gait and lessened spasticity while taking sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim) for a noninfectious dysuria syndrome. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Bactrim utilizing a subjective performance scale, physical examination, and six timed tests was performed in this patient. Results revealed lessened spasticity, improvement in walker-assisted gait, and correlative subjective responses. These results suggest an antispasticity effect of Bactrim or one of its components in this patient. PMID- 3257689 TI - Disconnection and cerebral metabolism. The case of conduction aphasia. AB - Ten patients with conduction aphasia were studied with computed tomography and 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to examine glucose metabolism. Computed tomographic results identified a postrolandic structural locus for conduction aphasia. All patients demonstrated resting glucose hypometabolism throughout the parietal and temporal regions, and half of the patients also demonstrated reduced metabolic rates in the posterior, inferior, frontal (Broca's) regions. These data suggest that disconnection between posterior and anterior language areas may not be the best anatomical explanation for conduction aphasia. PMID- 3257690 TI - Immunohistochemical markers in the normal human epibulbar conjunctiva from fetus to adult. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were used for the study of inflammatory cellular subtypes, Langerhans' cells, and major histocompatibility complex class II antigens on the epibulbar conjunctiva obtained from individuals ranging in age from fetus to the seventh decade to compile basic data for comparison with other inflammatory and proliferative conjunctival diseases. In the fetal conjunctiva, there were significantly fewer T cells and Langerhans' cells than in adult conjunctiva. In the adult conjunctiva, a mild T-cell infiltration was observed. Expression of HLA DQ in the 20- to 50-year-old age group was significantly lower compared with fetal and other age groups. PMID- 3257691 TI - The action of the protein kinase C inhibitor, staurosporine, on human platelets. Evidence against a regulatory role for protein kinase C in the formation of inositol trisphosphate by thrombin. AB - The ability of several putative inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) to block dioctanoylglycerol (DC8)-induced phosphorylation of a 47 kDa protein (a recognized substrate for PKC) in human platelets was investigated. Staurosporine (1 microM) caused complete inhibition of phosphorylation, whereas the other reagents were either inactive (polymyxin B) or gave only partial inhibition (C-1, H-7, tamoxifen). Staurosporine (1 microM) fully inhibited the phosphorylation of the 47 kDa protein in platelets challenged with thrombin, but also inhibited the phosphorylation of a 20 kDa protein which is a substrate for myosin light-chain kinase. The inhibition of both kinases by staurosporine was associated with the inhibition of thrombin-induced secretion of ATP and 5-hydroxytryptamine and a slowing of the aggregation response; staurosporine, however, had no effect on the formation of phosphatidic acid and inositol phosphates induced by thrombin. Staurosporine also reversed the inhibitory action of phorbol esters on thrombin induced formation of phosphatidic acid. These data are consistent with a role for these two kinases in secretion and aggregation (although there must be additional control signals, since aggregation was only slowed, not inhibited), but suggest that neither kinase is involved in the regulation of phosphoinositide metabolism. This latter conclusion contradicts previous observations that the activation of PKC by phorbol esters or membrane-permeable diacylglycerols alters the apparent activity of both phospholipase C and inositol trisphosphatase. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed. PMID- 3257693 TI - Possible physiological role of guanosine triphosphate and inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate in Ca2+ release in macrophages stimulated with chemotactic peptide. AB - The release of Ca2+ induced by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) in the presence of GTP was examined by using saponin-permeabilized macrophages. The origin and the amount of mobilized Ca2+ in intact macrophages stimulated with chemotactic peptide were also examined to assess the physiological significance of GTP and InsP3 on Ca2+-releasing activities. The total amount of Ca2+ released by 20 microM-A23187 from the unstimulated intact macrophages was 1.4 nmol/4 x 10(6) cells, and the mitochondrial uncoupler did not cause an efflux of Ca2+ from the cells. The Ca2+ accumulation by the non-mitochondrial pool(s) was inhibited by the presence of GTP, and the total amount of releasable Ca2+ (1.4 nmol/4 x 10(6) cells) was comparable with that accumulated by the non-mitochondrial pool(s) in the presence of GTP at a free Ca2+ concentration of 0.14 microM. The mobilized and subsequently effluxed Ca2+ in cells stimulated with chemotactic peptide was estimated to be 0.3 nmol/4 x 10(6) cells. Much the same amounts were released by about the half-maximal dose of InsP3 from the non-mitochondrial pool(s) of saponin-treated macrophages that had accumulated Ca2+ at a free concentration of 0.14 microM in the presence of GTP. These results suggest that the Ca2+-releasing activity induced by GTP may play a role in the long-term regulation of Ca2+ content in the non-mitochondrial pool(s) of macrophages, and that released by InsP3 can explain, quantitatively, the chemotactic-peptide induced mobilization of Ca2+. PMID- 3257694 TI - Purification to homogeneity and biochemical characterization of two suppressor factors from human malignant T-cells. AB - A cell clone (GI-CO-T-9) derived from a long term T-cell culture (PF-382), established from a patient affected by acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), was selected for the presence in the culture medium of factors suppressing T-cell proliferation. The crude supernatant has been subjected to a multi-step chromatographic fractioning, including: preparative gel permeation, anion exchange, and hydrophobic interaction High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The highly purified material was characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE), revealing single bands of 115 Kd and 80 Kd. The isoelectric points (pI), determined by flat-bed isoelectric focusing, were 7.4 for High Molecular Weight Suppressor Factor (HMWSF) and 3.5 3.6 for Low Molecular Weight Suppressor Factor (LMWSF). PMID- 3257692 TI - Secreted proteins of human monocytes. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and effect of lipopolysaccharide. AB - A monocyte-rich preparation from the adherent cell fraction of human peripheral blood leukocytes was incubated for 1-8 h with [35S]methionine or [3H]leucine in the presence and absence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The macromolecules released into the supernatant were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and radioautography. A complex labelling pattern involving at least 20 easily demonstrable and apparently distinct products with a broad range of molecular masses and isoelectric points was observed. LPS or LPS plus actinomycin in combination markedly stimulated the labelling and release of at least twelve different macromolecules ranging in apparent Mr from 12,000 to 46,000. Studies with monocytes that had been additionally purified by centrifugal elutriation and with the monocyte-like human cell line U-937 indicated that monocytes rather than contaminating cells were the source of these products. The majority of the secreted products were unique and did not cross-react with antibodies to interleukin 1 or tumour necrosis factor. The high resolving capacity of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis may be useful to define further the diverse biological activities and potential monokines released from monocytes at various stages of their differentiation and activation. PMID- 3257695 TI - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release from platelet plasma membrane vesicles. AB - A platelet membrane preparation, enriched in plasma membrane markers, took up 45Ca2+ in exchange for intravesicular Na+ and released it after the addition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). The possibility that contaminating dense tubular membrane (DTS) vesicles contributed the Ca2+ released by IP3 was eliminated by the addition of vanadate to inhibit Ca+-ATPase-mediated DTS Ca2+ sequestration and by the finding that only plasma membrane vesicles exhibit Na+ dependent Ca2+ uptake. Ca2+ released by IP3 was dependent on low extravesicular Ca2+ concentrations. IP3-induced Ca2+ release was additive to that released by Na+ addition while GTP or polyethylene glycol (PEG) had no effect. These results strongly suggest that IP3 facilitates extracellular Ca2+ influx in addition to release from DTS membranes. PMID- 3257696 TI - Radiobrominated m-tyrosine analog as potential CNS L-dopa pet tracer. AB - Radiobrominated 6-bromo-m-tyrosine (6-BMT) was prepared and the time course of its localization in selected cerebral and peripheral organs in the mouse was determined. Since m-tyrosine is known to have L-dopa-like properties in vivo, our goal was to assess the utility of a radiolabeled analog as a tracer for cerebral L-dopa. Our preliminary results showed that substantial amounts of 6-BMT is extracted by the mouse brain and that the regional distribution and time course of the radiotracer is consistent with uptake in regions rich in dopamine neurons. Although a more thorough biochemical characterization of 6-BMT is necessary, this or other positron emitting analogs of m-tyrosine, such as an 18F labelled analog, may be useful PET tracers for the non-invasive study of dopamine turnover in humans. PMID- 3257697 TI - Localization and characterization of drug-metabolizing enzymes along the villus crypt surface of the rat small intestine--I. Monooxygenases. AB - To investigate the drug-metabolizing potential of different sub-populations of cells along the villus-crypt surface of the small intestine, the major monooxygenase activities directed towards the substrates benzo[a]pyrene (BP), 7 ethoxycoumarin and ethylmorphine were studied. The cells were isolated in sequential fractions corresponding to the villus tip-to-crypt gradient in the small intestinal epithelium of the rat. Cells from the upper- and mid-villus regions were rich in aryl hydrocarbon (BP)hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase (7-ECDE) activities whereas in crypt cells the activities of these enzymes were at the level of detectability. Ethylmorphine demethylase (EMD) was not detectable in the entire villus-crypt surface. The intestinal epithelial cells responded strongly to inducers. 3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC), given to rats 24 hr previously, induced increases in AHH activity of 4- to 7-fold in the villus and of 19- to 26-fold in the crypt cells. 7-ECDE had a similar pattern. The induced level of monooxygenase activity in crypt cells was sustained for a longer time, followed in order by consecutively higher cells of the villus. Phenobarbital caused maximal expression of EMD activity in the mid-villus region whereas the activity in crypt cells was half the maximal activity. PB also significantly induced AHH and 7-ECDE in the intestinal epithelium. 7,8 Benzoflavone inhibited AHH activity to the same degree in all the cell fractions. The apparent Km for AHH was 5 microM (BP). Treatment of rats with 3-MC, after 24 hr, enhanced the Km and Vmax differently in the cells along the villus-crypt surface. The Km value in the villus region increased, whereas it did not change in the crypt cells; Vmax increased 6-fold in the villus and about 12-fold in the crypt cells, above their basal levels. The results suggest that the intestinal cells are capable of biotransforming various xenobiotics. The higher sensitivity of their monooxygenases, particularly of the crypt cells, might protect them directly or render the cells capable of generating metabolites that aid and abet toxicity toward target tissue in vivo. PMID- 3257698 TI - Disposition of the antimalarial, mefloquine, in the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - The disposition of mefloquine has been investigated in the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) preparation after the administration of [14C]mefloquine HCl (3.8 mg, 4 microCi, quinoline ring labeled). Mefloquine underwent avid hepatic uptake within 10 min of dosing. Also at this point, hepatic oxygen consumption was reduced markedly in four of the six IPRL preparations, but was restored completely by approximately 30 min post-dose. The drug concentration profile underwent a biexponential decline over the 4-hr study period, with a terminal T1/2 of 1.0 +/- 0.3 hr. The area under the perfusate plasma concentration/time curve (AUC0-infinity) was 4.0 +/- 1.8 micrograms.hr.ml-1. Mefloquine was a high clearance compound (956.0 +/- 390 ml/hr) with a large apparent volume of distribution (1416 +/- 819 ml) in the IPRL. Biliary excretion accounted for 7.5 +/- 6.5% of the dose. Mefloquine was quantitated by HPLC analysis as approximately half (3.3 +/- 1.8%) of biliary label, the remainder consisting of highly polar metabolites of mefloquine. By 4 hr, a total of 64.8 +/- 4.4% of the [14C] dose was recovered from the livers. Subsequent HPLC analysis revealed this to be mostly unchanged mefloquine. Subcellular fractionation of the homogenized livers revealed that 50.6 +/- 6.8% of the dose of mefloquine was located in the 10,000 g pellet. In summary, mefloquine was cleared rapidly from the IPRL and underwent avid hepatic uptake into the lipid-rich fractions of rat liver. PMID- 3257699 TI - Substituted phenylpiperidines and phenylpyridines as reversible selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase type A in rodent brain and liver. PMID- 3257700 TI - Scientific abstracts: 1987 regional meetings of the American Rheumatism Association and Arthritis Health Professions Association. PMID- 3257701 TI - Epidural spinal electrical stimulation in severe angina pectoris. AB - The short term effects of epidural spinal electrical stimulation were studied in 10 patients with angina pectoris of New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. The antianginal pharmacological treatment given at entry to the study was regarded as optimal and was not changed during the study. The effects of epidural spinal electrical stimulation were measured by repeated bicycle ergometer tests. Treatment with epidural spinal electrical stimulation increased the patients' working capacity, decreased ST segment depression, increased time to angina, and reduced the recovery time. The observed effects did not seem to be correlated with any changes in myocardial oxygen demand during epidural spinal electrical stimulation and were additional to the benefits of the pharmacological treatment. PMID- 3257702 TI - Complement in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3257703 TI - Clinical and immunopathological studies of pars planitis in a family. AB - We examined a family in which two brothers with identical HLA typing have pars planitis with snowbanking. Immunopathological studies of one of their eyes showed that in the area of snowbanking over the pars plana there was mild to moderate inflammatory cell infiltration, consisting of mostly Pan T (Leu 4+) lymphocytes. The ratio of T helper/inducer to T suppressor/cytotoxic cells was approximately 10:1. Few macrophages (OKM1+) were identified. Very few B cells and no NK cells were observed. Some retinal vessels had a perivascular infiltration consisting of mostly T lymphocytes. Most of the inflammatory cells bore class II antigens (HLA DR+), while T cells bore few IL-2 receptors (anti-TAC+). The snowbank consisted mainly of glial elements (GFAP+) and basement membrane components (type IV collagen and laminin) with the predominant cell the Muller cell (Mu+). A site of inflammation at the iris-ciliary body junction also stained for B cells (Leu 14+). These findings suggest that the snowbank could be formed by the glial elements of the peripheral retina. The chronic inflammation in pars planitis appears to consist of helper T cells, both in the pars plana, and the retinal vasculature. PMID- 3257704 TI - Nocardial endophthalmitis: report of two cases studied histopathologically. AB - We report two cases of nocardial endophthalmitis. Case 1 is a 66-year-old man whose left eye was enucleated about one month after onset of decreased vision. Ophthalmoscopic examination disclosed multiple choroidal masses. Six weeks before the onset of ocular manifestations he had undergone a prolonged carotid endarterectomy with intraoperative complications. The source of the ocular infection was probably exogenous. Case 2 is a 49-year-old woman who had systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) with severe pulmonary insufficiency. She had received moderate doses of corticosteroids. Seventeen months after initiation of therapy she developed ocular manifestations leading to enucleation of the eye one month later. Histopathologically, the enucleated eyes in both cases showed numerous branching, Gram-positive, filamentous organisms involving mainly the plane of Bruch's membrane and the subretinal space. The nosological and microbiological aspects of nocardiosis are reviewed. PMID- 3257705 TI - Uptake of native and deglycosylated ricin A-chain immunotoxins by mouse liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in vitro and in vivo. AB - The therapeutic activity of ricin A-chain immunotoxins is undermined by their rapid clearance from the bloodstream of animals by the liver. This uptake has generally been attributed to recognition of the mannose-terminating oligosaccharides present on ricin A-chain by receptors present on the non parenchymal (Kupffer and sinusoidal) cells of the liver. However, we demonstrate here that, in the mouse, the liver uptake of a ricin A-chain immunotoxin occurs in both parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in equal amounts. This is in contrast to the situation in the rat, where uptake of the immunotoxin is predominantly by the non-parenchymal cells. Recognition of sugar residues on the A-chain portion of the immunotoxin plays an important role in the liver uptake by both cell types in both species. However it is not the only mechanism since, firstly, an immunotoxin containing ricin A-chain which had been effectively deglycosylated with metaperiodate and cyanoborohydride was still trapped to a significant extent by hepatic non-parenchymal cells after it was injected into mice. Secondly, deglycosylation, while eliminating uptake of the free A-chain by parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in vitro, only reduced the uptake of an immunotoxin by either cell type by about half. Thirdly, the addition of excess D mannose or L-fucose inhibited the uptake of free A-chain by mouse liver cell cultures by more than 80% but only inhibited the uptake of the native A-chain immunotoxin by about half and had little effect on the uptake of the deglycosylated ricin A-chain immunotoxin. Recognition of the antibody portion of the immunotoxin by liver cells seems improbable, since antibody alone or an antibody-bovine serum albumin conjugate were not taken up in appreciable amounts by the cultures. Possibly attachment of the A-chain to the antibody exposes sites on the A-chain that are recognised by liver cells in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3257706 TI - Salivary cortisol: a practical method for evaluation of adrenal function. AB - Salivary cortisol represents a simple, noninvasive, stress-free measure that can greatly facilitate the longitudinal study of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in patients with psychiatric disorders. By means of a slight modification of a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit, we studied the stability of salivary cortisol under different conditions, as well as the relationship between plasma and salivary cortisol under basal circadian conditions and following stimulation (CRH) and suppression (dexamethasone). We observed that salivary cortisol was quite stable at room temperature without centrifugation and that salivary and plasma cortisol values were highly correlated. Additionally, we observed a close correspondence in circadian and ultradian fluctuations in salivary and plasma cortisol. The salivary cortisol response to ovine and human CRH was similar to that observed with plasma cortisol, but was greater in magnitude. Finally, employing a plasma criterion as the standard, salivary measures identified 48% of the nonsuppressed Dexamethasone Suppression Tests (DSTs) and 97% of the suppressed DSTs. PMID- 3257707 TI - Comparative bioavailability and kinetics of folinic acid in the pharmaceutical formulations of Rescuvolin and Ledervorin in healthy volunteers. PMID- 3257708 TI - Alpha-interferon treatment for adult T cell leukemia: low levels of circulating alpha-interferon and it's clinical effectiveness. AB - We describe a patient with adult T cell Leukemia to whom alpha-interferon therapy was highly effective. Although a combination chemotherapy (ACVP) first introduced was effective in reducing total leukocyte counts, the percentage of leukemic cells relative to total leukocyte counts was decreased first after the institution of alpha-interferon therapy. The patient is now under complete remission for four years. It was noted in this patient that circulating alpha interferon, measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay, was consistently low as compared with the value found in the age-, sex-matched healthy control (p less than 0.001). Since adult T cell leukemia is pathogenetically related to the retrovirus infection, low levels of circulating alpha-interferon of the patient may be important from both pathogenetic and therapeutic standpoints. Alpha interferon therapy may be an useful additive for the chemotherapy of adult T cell leukemia. PMID- 3257709 TI - Immunologic indices in myelodysplastic syndromes. AB - Immunocompetence was evaluated in 36 untreated and noninfected patients affected with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). T-cell number and activity were evaluated by counts of total T-cells and T-lymphocyte subsets, and by measure of DNA synthesis in response to phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A. B-cells were evaluated as surface immunoglobulin- (SIg+) bearing cells and by serum immunoglobulin levels. Granulocyte activities were evaluated by responses to chemotaxis and to nitroblue tetrazolium test. Complement activity was measured by classic hemolytic complement assay. In addition, circulating immune complexes were detected in serum. MDS were associated with a significant decrease in the absolute numbers of total T (E-rosetting and T3+) cells, T4+, and T8+ cells and a dramatic decrease of the responses to Concanavalin A. An impairment of either chemotaxis or of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test was frequently encountered. An increase in the levels of IgG or IgA was also a frequent feature. The findings reveal that all patients with a high degree of T-cell impairment have refractory anemia associated with an excess of medullary blast cells. All in all, the data suggest that the counts of the absolute number of cells bearing the T3 and T8 phenotypes could be of prognostic value: the higher the number, the better the patient's survival. PMID- 3257710 TI - Malignant thymoma with peripheral blood lymphocytosis. AB - A 37-year-old woman with a giant, lymphocytic predominant thymoma involving the pleura and accompanied by a sharp peripheral blood lymphocytosis is described. Only electromicroscopic and immunohistologic studies could exclude the alternative diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoma. The tumor and peripheral blood lymphocytes were characterized as T4 lymphocytes. The thymoma responded very well to a combination of radiation and cytotoxic therapy. Forty-two months after diagnosis, the patient is still is complete remission. PMID- 3257711 TI - Epidermal growth factor-induced stimulation of epidermal growth factor-receptor synthesis in human cytotrophoblasts and A431 carcinoma cells. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor is a transmembrane glycoprotein whose intracellular degradation is known to be enhanced by EGF. We tested whether the receptor is replenished during this process by an enhanced rate of synthesis. Human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells and primary cultures of human placental cytotrophoblasts were used in these studies. Cells were labeled with [35S]methionine, and EGF-receptor biosynthesis was quantitated by immunoprecipitation using a monoclonal anti-EGF-receptor antibody. EGF stimulated receptor biosynthesis at concentrations of 0.1 to 1 nM. The effect was seen within 2 h of EGF addition. At high EGF concentrations the stimulatory effect was diminished. In contrast, the effect of EGF on receptor degradation in these cells was negligible at low nanomolar concentrations and was pronounced only at saturating concentrations (greater than or equal to 10 nM). These results show that occupation of the cell surface EGF-receptor by its ligand can lead to the production of more receptor protein, thus counterbalancing the negative effect on receptor degradation. At low nanomolar concentrations of EGF the stimulatory effect on receptor synthesis predominates over degradation, indicating a positive regulatory role of EGF in receptor action. PMID- 3257712 TI - An assay that predicts the ability of monoclonal antibodies to form potent ricin A chain-containing immunotoxins. AB - In this report, we describe an assay for screening monoclonal antibodies for their cytotoxic potential as ricin A chain-containing immunotoxins. The assay involves treating cells with dilutions of the test antibody followed by a Fab fragment of a secondary antibody coupled to ricin A chain ("indirect assay"). The cytotoxicity of the indirect assay is compared to that of the direct assay where the monoclonal antibody is coupled to ricin A chain. Indirect and direct assays were carried out using 14 antibodies and a panel of 8 human and mouse cell types. The two assays showed virtually 100% correlation. The indirect assay, therefore, predicts the potency of a given monoclonal antibody to make an effective immunotoxin and should be useful in screening monoclonal antibodies for use as immunotoxins. PMID- 3257713 TI - Isolation and reactivity of host effectors associated with the manifestation of concomitant tumor immunity. AB - In this study, we have measured the specific tumoricidal activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes that prevent the growth of secondary tumors in animals harboring progressing primary tumors (concomitant immunity). Since no tumor grows at the challenge site when concomitant immunity is established, tumor cells were inoculated into a preimplanted gelatin sponge whose subsequent solubilization in collagenase permitted the retrieval of leukocytes after tumor challenge. Primary progressing EMT6 tumors were established in normal BALB/c mice and 10 days later they were challenged with a secondary tumor inoculum introduced through a preimplanted gelatin sponge. At 3, 7, and 10 days after the administration of the tumor inoculum challenge, a monodispersed suspension of infiltrating leukocytes was recovered by collagenase digestion of the sponge matrix and tested for cytotoxicity toward EMT6 tumor targets. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes with tumoricidal activity accumulated at the site of the secondary tumor challenge by 3 days. This antitumor activity was maximal 7 days following challenge and decayed thereafter. Splenic lymphocytes from these animals showed little cytotoxicity. In animals harboring a primary tumor, lymphocytes found in sponges that were not inoculated with tumor cells were not cytotoxic. We interpret these data to indicate that cytotoxic lymphocytes migrate to, and accumulate at the site of the tumor but not at other sites and that peripheral sources of lymphocytes in tumor-bearing animals such as the spleen may not be the best source of effector cells for evaluating the host's immune response to its tumor. The approach described here may also be useful in studying the mechanisms for host control of metastatic disease. PMID- 3257714 TI - Modulation of epidermal growth factor receptors in rat hepatocytes by two liver tumor-promoting regimens, a choline-deficient and a phenobarbital diet. AB - The effect of two liver tumor-promoting regimens, a choline-deficient (CD) and a phenobarbital (.06% PB) diet, on the level of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in rat hepatocytes was examined at 3, 10, and 28 days of feeding. Both diets produced a significant decrease in the number of cell surface receptors at 10 and 28 days of treatment. When PB was included in a CD diet, the decrease in the receptor number was evident even after 3 days feeding of the combined diet. Neither diet alone had any effect on the binding at that time. Along with the changes in the receptor number, the binding affinity of EGF to its receptor was also altered by these diets. Furthermore, PB and PB plus CD diets also decreased the EGF binding at the intracellular sites whereas CD diet showed no effects indicating that the decrease in surface binding of EGF by the promoter-treated hepatocytes was not due to rapid internalization of the receptors. The reduced level of hepatocyte surface EGF receptors represents the common property shared by two diverse types of the liver tumor promoters, and may thus be related to the tumor-promoting ability of these agents. PMID- 3257715 TI - Combined therapy of mice bearing a lymphokine-activated killer-resistant tumor with recombinant interleukin 2 and an antitumor monoclonal antibody capable of inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - The ability of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells to mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and its efficacy against a LAK-resistant tumor were investigated. Cells of the MH134 murine hepatoma line are scarcely lysed by LAK cells generated in vitro by incubation of C3H/HeN mouse spleen cells with human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2). However, the splenic LAK cells potently lysed the LAK-resistant tumor cells in the presence of 11G2, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) of the IgG1 isotype reactive with a part of MM antigen. Peritoneal cells induced by daily i.p. injections of rIL 2 not only exhibited LAK activity but also mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against MH134 tumor cells in the presence of 11G2. The peritoneal cells exhibiting these cytotoxic activities were found to be nonadherent and nonphagocytic mononuclear cells possessing a similar cell surface phenotype as that of splenic LAK cells, that is Thy-1.2+ approximately -, Lyt-1.1-, Lyt-2.1-, and asialo GM1+. Treatment of spleen cells with antibodies and complement before culture with rIL 2 revealed that the phenotype of splenic LAK precursors is Thy-1.2- and asialo GM1+. The in vivo induction of peritoneal LAK cells in response to i.p. injections of rIL 2 was markedly depressed in C57BL/6 beige mice but was normally accomplished in BALB/c nude mice. Combined therapy of C3H/HeN mice bearing MH134 ascitic tumor with i.p. injection of rIL 2 and 11G2 brought about potent suppression of the tumor growth, resulting in the significant increase in the number of tumor-free mice, whereas neither rIL 2 nor the MAb could exhibit such a potent antitumor effect when used alone. Injection (i.v.) of anti-asialo GM1 antibody not only blocked the induction of peritoneal LAK cells by rIL 2 but also abrogated the development of the antitumor effect of the combined therapy. These results strongly suggest that combination of antitumor MAbs capable of inducing antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity with rIL 2 therapy could result in the generation of potent antitumor effects against LAK-resistant tumors and that asialo GM1 positive non-T-cell populations including cells of the natural killer cell lineage are essential, at least in part, for development of the antitumor effects of the combined therapy with rIL 2 and MAbs. PMID- 3257716 TI - Effects of systemic recombinant interleukin-2 on natural killer and lymphokine activated killer activity of human tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. AB - The purpose of these studies was to compare local and systemic human lymphokine activated killer (LAK) and natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity and to determine its modulation by the systemic administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). After preoperative systemic rIL-2, we extracted tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with pulmonary tumors and compared pre- and posttreatment spontaneous NK activity and their response to in vitro rIL-2. Spontaneous TIL NK activity was increased in patients receiving 15,000 units/kg rIL-2 preoperatively [6.6 lytic units (LU)] compared to those receiving 1,000-10,000 units/kg (0.8 LU) or no rIL-2 (1.4 LU). After 3 days incubation with 1,000 units/ml rIL-2, TIL NK cytotoxic activity was increased in patients receiving 15,000 units/kg rIL-2 (65.4 LU) compared to those receiving 1,000-10,000 units/kg (6.0 LU) or no treatment (24.9 LU). Spontaneous TIL LAK activity was low overall (1.1 LU) with the exception of two patients receiving 15,000 units/kg who had 3.1 and 3.7 LU spontaneously. TIL LAK precursor activity was only slightly increased in patients receiving 1,000-10,000 units/kg rIL-2, whereas those receiving 15,000 units/kg rIL-2 had an average of 22.8 LU. Systemic rIL-2 also increased spontaneous PBL NK activity. Reincubation of PBL obtained at time of surgery or 3 days after discontinuing systemic rIL-2 resulted in significant increases in cytotoxic response to in vitro rIL-2 compared to pre-IL 2 in vitro responses. Systemic rIL-2 had no effect on spontaneous PBL LAK activity. Thus, the immunosuppressive tumor environment can be partially reversed with 15,000 units/kg systemic rIL-2. Higher doses of systemic rIL-2 also increased spontaneous PBL NK activity at time of surgery and 3 days after discontinuing rIL-2. Both TIL and PBL inducible cytotoxicity were boosted in vitro following higher doses of systemic rIL-2. PMID- 3257717 TI - Potentiation by a biscoclaurine alkaloid, cepharanthine, of the toxicity of conjugates of epidermal growth factor with Pseudomonas exotoxin in HeLa cells. AB - Cepharanthine, a biscoclaurine alkaloid, causes an 8-fold enhancement of the cytotoxic effect of a conjugate of epidermal growth factor (EGF) coupled with Pseudomonas exotoxin in HeLa cells. Cepharanthine also potentiates the effect of Pseudomonas exotoxin. Cepharanthine does not affect the binding and uptake of 125I-EGF by HeLa cells, but it delays the release of radioactivity associated with 125I-EGF into the medium. Analysis by colloidal silica gradients using cell homogenates suggests that 125I-EGF accumulates in the lysosomes of cells treated with cepharanthine and that [3H]cepharanthine accumulates in lysosomes. The pH in HeLa cell lysosomes is 5.2, and cepharanthine does not significantly increase the pH. Electron microscopy shows an increased number of electron-dense bodies and dilated Golgi apparatus after cepharanthine treatment. Cepharanthine appears to accumulate in lysosomes, and it may delay degradation of EGF-Pseudomonas exotoxin in the cells as does 125I-EGF. PMID- 3257718 TI - A new childhood T-cell lymphoma established in nude mice and in vitro. AB - A T-lymphoma cell line was established from a lymph node biopsy of a boy currently alive in complete remission. Neoplastic cells from this biopsy did not grow in vitro, whereas they formed a progressively growing s.c. tumor in splenectomized and sublethally irradiated nude mice and became serially transplantable in splenectomized and sublethally irradiated nude mice with a stable latency time. After the fourth transplant, cells were stored in liquid nitrogen and referred to as ST-4 cells. ST-4 cells display a membrane phenotype and a karyotype similar to that of the biopsy cells. After thawing, ST-4 cells grow both in splenectomized and sublethally irradiated nude mice and in vitro. They do not secrete interferon or interleukin 2, do not have natural killer activity, and do not respond to mitogen or alloantigen stimulation. The stable features of these T-lymphoma cells and the availability of normal autologous lymphocytes from the patient make this in vivo system quite unique and of importance for studies in tumor immunotherapy. PMID- 3257719 TI - Immunochemical identification of the serine protease inhibitor alpha 1 antichymotrypsin in the brain amyloid deposits of Alzheimer's disease. AB - Two approaches--molecular cloning and immunochemical analysis--have identified one of the components of Alzheimer's disease amyloid deposits as the serine protease inhibitor alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. An antiserum against isolated Alzheimer amyloid deposits detected immunoreactivity in normal liver. The antiserum was then used to screen a liver cDNA expression library, yielding three related clones. DNA sequence analysis showed that these clones code for alpha 1 antichymotrypsin. Antisera against purified alpha 1-antichymotrypsin stained Alzheimer amyloid deposits, both in situ and after detergent extraction from brain. The anti-amyloid antiserum recognizes at least two distinct epitopes in alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, further supporting the presence of this protein in Alzheimer amyloid deposits. In addition to being produced in the liver and released into the serum, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is expressed in Alzheimer brain, particularly in areas that develop amyloid lesions. Models by which alpha 1-antichymotrypsin could contribute to the development of Alzheimer amyloid deposits are discussed. PMID- 3257720 TI - Concanavalin A induces neural tissue and cartilage in amphibian early gastrula ectoderm. AB - We have studied in vitro differentiation of explants of the amphibian (Rana temporaria) early gastrula ectoderm after treatment with various concentrations (50-300 micrograms/ml) of 'free' and Sepharose-bound concanavalin A (Con A). The explants were incubated with Con A for 3 h at 20 degrees C; the rolling up of the explants was prevented by using special weights. We have demonstrated that: (1) free Con A has an inducing action on the explants in the concentration range 100 300 micrograms/ml medium; (2) when treated with Con A the explants produce neural tissue (50-70%), cartilage (20-40%) and, rarely, lentoids (5-10%); (3) the frequency of neural and cartilage inductions was similar at various Con A concentrations; (4) alpha-methyl-D-mannoside pyranoside inhibited the Con A effects; (5) Sepharose-bound Con A had no effect on the explants, although it was bound to the cell surface of the ectoderm inner layer. Possible mechanisms of the neutralizing and chondrogenic effects of Con A on ectodermal explants are discussed. PMID- 3257721 TI - Synergistic effect of 3'-deoxyadenosine N1-oxide and adenosine deaminase inhibitors on growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo. AB - The simultaneous administration of 3'-deoxyadenosine N1-oxide (3'-dANO) and the adenosine deaminase inhibitors erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) or 2' deoxycoformycin (2'-dCF) to mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor cells resistant to 3'-dANO resulted in 80%-90% inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. 3'-dANO and 2' dCF increased the survival time of tumor-bearing mice by a factor of 2. In vitro studies showed that the 3'-dANO resistant Ehrlich cells initiate the metabolism of 3'-dANO by a reduction to 3'-deoxyadenosine, which is converted primarily to 3'-deoxyinosine by adenosine deaminase and, to a small extent, phosphorylated to the cell toxic agent 3'-dATP. By the addition of EHNA or 2'-dCF it was possible to block the formation of 3'-deoxyinosine, resulting in a profound stimulation in the accumulation of 3'-dATP. The development of resistance to 3'-dANO was studied in cell cultures and found to be accompanied by changes in the enzyme activities of the reductase, the adenosine kinase, and the adenosine deaminase. PMID- 3257722 TI - Mechanism of complement activation after coronary artery occlusion: evidence that myocardial ischemia in dogs causes release of constituents of myocardial subcellular origin that complex with human C1q in vivo. AB - To evaluate whether ischemic myocardium releases molecules that react with the first component of complement, we studied cardiac lymph from eight dogs before and at intervals after coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Before occlusion, the dogs were injected intravenously with radiolabeled human C1q. Labeled C1q could be detected in the cardiac lymph within minutes following injection. Rabbit antisera, prepared against substances precipitated from postreprefusion cardiac lymph by anti-human C1q, also reacted with specific constituents of isolated cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. To evaluate whether mitochondria are the source of these C1q-binding proteins, we isolated intramyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal mitochondria from canine heart and incubated sonicates of these with purified C1q, immobilized on nitrocellulose. Molecules bound to the immobilized C1q were removed with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, fractionated under reducing conditions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and transferred electrophoretically to nitrocellulose paper. Antisera prepared against postreperfusion lymph reacted with a 31,000-32,000 dalton protein in these nitrocellulose paper replicas. Since this protein originates from mitochondria, binds to C1q, and is recognized by antibodies made against postreperfusion lymph, this protein is likely to be one of the subcellular constituents that, upon release from ischemic cells, activates the complement cascade. To evaluate the clinical relevance of these observations, we tested sera from 53 patients obtained 48-72 hours after hospitalization for suspected myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3257724 TI - Neopterin as a marker in HIV infection. PMID- 3257723 TI - Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the elderly. Indications and outcome. PMID- 3257725 TI - Development of dental status and treatment behavior among Norwegian adults 1973 85. AB - Utilization rates, types of dental services received and reports on number of teeth present were studied through seven sets of cross-sectional data collected in 1973, '77, '79, '81, '83 and '85. Personal interviews performed by trained interviewers were held with nationwide probability samples, each of 1500 persons covering the Norwegian population aged 15 and above. During the 12-yr period, the percentage of the samples reporting to have 20 or more teeth increased from 63 in 1973 to 74 in 1985, while the percentage of edentulous subjects dropped from 16 to 12. The time interval since the last dental visit decreased continuously: in 1973, 58% of the sample reported to have paid a dental visit during the last year, in 1983, 70%. Correspondingly, a higher proportion of the samples stated they were regular treatment attenders (52% in 1973 and 67% in 1985), while the proportion of "irregulars" dropped. Although the regularity of the visits probably was somewhat overreported, the favorable trend was substantiated by the information on services received: extractions, denture services and fillings diminished, while preventive and "other" services gained importance. Possible explanations and implications for dental practice and education are discussed. PMID- 3257726 TI - Torsade de pointes in a patient receiving intravenous vasopressin. AB - A patient experienced hypertension, bradycardia, QT prolongation, and multiple episodes of torsade de pointes while receiving an iv vasopressin infusion. The dysrhythmias were attributed to vasopressin, but may have been potentiated by hypomagnesemia. Upon vasopressin discontinuation, ECG findings returned to normal before magnesium supplementation. Vasopressin may contribute to the development of torsade de pointes. PMID- 3257727 TI - Delayed respiratory depression following fentanyl anesthesia for cardiac surgery. AB - High-dose fentanyl anesthesia is widely used in cardiac surgery. Its immediate side-effects are well known. However, its late adverse effect manifested by extreme truncal rigidity, decreased chest wall compliance, hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis and hemodynamic instability is not sufficiently appreciated. Of 380 patients who underwent aortocoronary artery bypass under high-dose (100 micrograms/kg) fentanyl anesthesia, 29 (7.6%) developed the sudden onset of extreme thoracic and abdominal rigidity, leading to respiratory depression 2 to 6 h postoperative, after an apparently normal recovery from the anesthesia. In 15 patients, a high plasma level of fentanyl (5.2 to 7.8 ng/ml) correlated with the clinical events. Administration of naloxone or a muscle relaxant rapidly reversed this late complication of fentanyl, thought to be due to re-entry of fentanyl into plasma from deposits in adipose tissue, muscle and the GI tract, leading to a secondary peak in plasma fentanyl. It is more likely to be encountered when hypothermia, rewarming, and acidosis occur in the postoperative period. Awareness of this life-threatening complication is critical in patients undergoing surgery with fentanyl anesthesia. PMID- 3257728 TI - Double valve replacement and coronary artery bypass in a patient with chronic osteomyelitis. AB - Implantation of a prosthetic heart valve is generally contra-indicated in the presence of infection. A 68-year-old man with chronic osteomyelitis underwent successful double valve replacement, combined with coronary artery bypass, after his draining osteomyelitic fistula was controlled with antibiotics. During the 39 months since surgery, he has shown no sign of paravalvular leakage or infectious complications. PMID- 3257730 TI - Evidence for the involvement of endogenous opioids in the inhibition of luteinizing hormone by corticotropin-releasing factor. AB - Experiments were carried out in castrate adult male rats to further examine whether endogenous opioids are involved in CRF-induced suppression of LH secretion. Serum LH levels in rats castrated 5 days earlier were significantly reduced by intracerebroventricular administration of homologous (rat) CRF (0.02-2 nmol) within 30 min posttreatment; the effects of 0.02 nmol CRF lasted for at least 2 h, whereas those of 0.2 and 2 nmol CRF were evident for up to 6 h. Rats that received sc infusions of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (9.6 mg/kg.day) for 48 h before testing with 0.2 nmol CRF showed a significant reduction of the LH response to CRF. Rats that received two acute injections of naloxone (2 mg/kg, iv, 30 min apart) also showed an attenuated response to the LH suppressive effects of CRF. In another experimental model where the opioidergic control of LH secretion is absent or masked, the long term castrate rat, there was also a marked attenuation of the LH-suppressing effects of CRF. Transient replacement of testosterone in long term castrates reinstated the inhibitory effects of CRF on LH secretion. A third experiment, in which short term castrates were pretreated with an opioid antibody and then with CRF, resulted in a significant reduction of the CRF-induced reduction of serum LH levels. These observations indicate that opioid receptor-mediated events play an important part in the actions of CRF on LH secretion. On the basis of our previous experiments in vitro, we propose that CRF stimulates the release of hypothalamic opioid peptides, which in turn inhibits the activity of LHRH neurons and, thus, LH secretion. PMID- 3257729 TI - Sarcoidosis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Coexistence in a single patient. AB - An unusual case of a woman with primary biliary cirrhosis and cutaneous sarcoidosis is described. The factors that allow a specific diagnosis of each condition are presented and the literature pertaining to such complex and unusual cases is presented. PMID- 3257731 TI - Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) production and localization of macrophages and T lymphocytes in the rabbit corpus luteum. AB - Utilizing immunocytochemistry numerous macrophages were localized in regressing corpora lutea. In contrast, few macrophages were observed in young corpora lutea. Regressing corpora lutea readily produced TNF-a in vitro in response to lipopolysaccharide, whereas young corpora lutea produced significantly less TNF a. T lymphocytes were identified in young corpora lutea preceding the appearance of macrophages. These observations suggest that cells of the immune system and cytokines could be important participants in physiological regression of the corpus luteum. PMID- 3257732 TI - Differential effects of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24R,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on the proliferation and the differentiated phenotype of rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture. AB - 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] stimulated the proliferation and DNA synthesis of rabbit costal growth cartilage cells in the logarithmic growth phase in culture. The stimulatory effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 were observable at a concentration of 10(-10) M and maximal at a concentration of 10(-8) M. On the other hand, 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited their expression of the cartilage phenotype, as judged morphologically, histochemically, and biochemically by a decrease in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis. The inhibition of GAG synthesis was also dose dependent and observable at a concentration of 10(-10) M. 1,25 (OH)2D3 also stimulated the proliferation of resting cartilage cells and inhibited their GAG synthesis, but its effects on these cells were less than those on growth cartilage cells, suggesting that 1,25-(OH)2D3 acts more specifically on growth cartilage cells than on resting cartilage cells. 1,25 (OH)2D3 had no effect on either DNA synthesis or GAG synthesis of growth cartilage cells in confluent cultures. 24R,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25 (OH)2D3] had no effect on proliferation, DNA synthesis, or GAG synthesis of growth cartilage cells in the logarithmic growth phase. However, 24,25-(OH)2D3 had no effect on DNA synthesis of these cells in confluent cultures, but stimulated their expression of the cartilage phenotype. The stimulatory effect was dose dependent and maximal at 10(-7) M. Since chondrocytes express their differentiated phenotype as they become confluent in culture, these results suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulates the growth of rapidly proliferating chondrocytes with a poorly differentiated phenotype and suppresses their expression of the cartilage phenotype, while 24,25-(OH)2D3 stimulates expression of the differentiated phenotype of highly differentiated chondrocytes. PMID- 3257733 TI - Inhibition of human neutrophil elastase by polyguanylic acid and other synthetic RNA homopolymers. AB - Human neutrophils contain large amounts of a neutral serine protease, human neutrophil elastase (HNE), which has been implicated as a mediator of acute and chronic lung injury. We found that this enzyme is effectively inhibited, at physiological ionic strength, by several synthetic non-base-paired polyribonucleotides. Among the most active of these is polyguanylic acid (poly G). Inhibitory activity is greatest with high-molecular-weight poly G fractions, but poly G fractions even as low as 60K Mr (app) are effective. Both amidolysis of synthetic elastase substrates, such as succinyl-ala-ala-ala-p-nitroanilide, and proteolysis of elastin are blocked. Poly G inhibits elastin proteolysis even when subsequently added to mixtures of elastin and HNE that have first been preincubated together for 10 min. Under these conditions, polyribosylribitol phosphate, a polyanion derived from Haemophilus influenzae capsular polysaccharide, is not inhibitory. Complex formation between HNE and poly G is dependent on ionic rather than covalent interactions, since it is blocked by 0.6 M NaCl but not by inactivation of the enzyme's catalytic-site serine residue with diisopropylfluorophosphate. However, nonspecific ionic interactions alone cannot explain complex formation, since pancreatic elastase and cathepsin G, an even more basic serine protease from human neutrophils, do not form complexes with poly G, even at low ionic strength. Moreover, in the presence of the amphiphiles taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid, HNE is much less effectively blocked by poly G. Peptide chloromethyl ketone-inactivate HNE (which has its extended substrate-binding pocket occupied by the peptidyl inactivator) also fails to form complexes with poly G. These results indicate that HNE may utilize both hydrophobic and ionic binding sites to couple with poly G, and suggest that these sites may be close to or within the extended substrate-binding pocket of the enzyme. PMID- 3257734 TI - Common sense epidemiology: self-based judgments from laypersons and physicians. AB - This article reports two studies on a neglected aspect of common sense epidemiology: subjective estimates of the prevalence of symptoms and diseases. Based on social-psychological research on the false-consensus effect, it was hypothesized that subjects who had a history of a condition would estimate its prevalence to be greater than would subjects who did not have a history of that condition. This hypothesis was supported across several different symptoms and diseases. Expertise did not confer protection from the effect. It occurred among 110 college students in Study 1 as well as among 65 practicing physicians in Study 2. In addition, college students who estimated the prevalence of a condition as relatively high rated that condition as less life-threatening than did other students, and students who had a history of a condition rated it as less life-threatening than did their counterparts without such a history. The discussion focuses on (a) explanations of differences in prevalence estimates as a function of personal health history, (b) implications for laypersons' judgments of seriousness, their emotional reactions to illness threats, and their illness behavior, and (c) implications for physicians' diagnostic behavior. PMID- 3257735 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the spinal cord of the rat. AB - The present study localized calcitonin gene-related peptide at the light and electron microscopic levels in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. One finding was that axons and terminals were labeled in both lamina I and IIo medially but only in lamina I laterally. The functional implications of this innervation pattern are not clear but presumably this anatomic arrangement bears on both dorsoventral and mediolateral patterns of organization of primary afferent input into the dorsal horn. We also found that although the means of labeled myelinated and unmyelinated axon diameters in the tract of Lissauer were different, there was great overlap in these populations. Furthermore, subcellular localizations indicated that immunostaining of calcitonin gene-related peptide was associated primarily with microtubules in axons and cores of large dense-core vesicles in presynaptic terminals. Finally, labeled presynaptic terminals contained relatively few large dense-core vesicles and formed the presynaptic elements of simple axodendritic contacts almost exclusively. These last findings contrast with localizations of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the monkey, which has many more large dense-core vesicles in labeled terminals and in which a much higher proportion of labeled endings form the central parts of glomeruli. PMID- 3257736 TI - Correlated muscle and nerve development in the bullfrog cutaneous pectoris. AB - The development of the cutaneous pectoris muscle was studied and compared with the differentiation of its peripheral nerve in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles and frogs by light and electron microscopic techniques. This muscle preparation was chosen for this study because it possesses a number of advantages for (and has become a model system for) the study of correlated nerve-muscle development. At the earliest stage examined (stage XI) the presumptive muscle did not contain any contractile or morphologically distinguishable myotubes, but was contacted by the well-defined cutaneous pectoris nerve trunk. Myotubes were present at stage XII, the same time that nerve-associated acetylcholine receptor aggregations and nerve-evoked muscle contractions were first observed. The adult number of axons was present in the cutaneous pectoris nerve at stage XII, but no axons were myelinated. Gradually thereafter, the number of muscle fibers increased and the cutaneous pectoris axons became myelinated. By stages XX and XXI, but prior to metamorphic climax (stage XXV), the adult numbers of cutaneous pectoris muscle fibers and myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers were present. These numbers did not change significantly between stages XX and XXI, through metamorphosis, and in the adult, even during the period of the most rapid loss of multiple innervation in the first 2 weeks after metamorphosis. These results show that the nerve was present and in contact with the cutaneous pectoris muscle from the earliest stages of development prior to muscle differentiation, at a time when the muscle was a disorganized mass of undifferentiated cells. Such early contact suggests that the nerve may have a significant influence on muscle maturation. PMID- 3257737 TI - Neuromuscular junction development in the cutaneous pectoris muscle of Rana catesbeiana. AB - Synaptic specializations were studied in the developing cutaneous pectoris muscle of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles and froglets to correlate nerve terminal morphology (by light and electron microscopy), accumulation of acetylcholine receptors, and the ability of the muscle to contract following nerve stimulation. This correlated approach was used to determine the developmental timing and possible causal relationship of events in nerve and muscle maturation at the neuromuscular junction. Initially, the cutaneous pectoris nerve trunk was present in the undifferentiated presumptive cutaneous pectoris mesenchyme, prior to muscle maturation. At stage XII when the muscle was first able to contract weakly in response to nerve stimulation, the motor nerve terminal endings were simple bulbous enlargements associated with diffuse subneural aggregations of acetylcholine receptors (indicated by diffuse speckles of rhodamine alpha bungarotoxin fluorescence). Before stage XII no rhodamine alpha-bungarotoxin fluorescence was present anywhere in the muscle. The first stage in the organization of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction was the accumulation of diffuse speckles of fluorescence beneath the terminal enlargements. This was followed by the clustering of receptors into small polygonal areas at each synaptic site, and finally the organization of receptors into parallel linear rows. Presumably this final stage was associated with formation of junctional folds. By stage XV the synapses were multiply innervated and had developed acetylcholinesterase activity. The general nerve terminal morphology and pattern of accumulation of acetylcholine receptors at cutaneous pectoris neuromuscular junctions were similar to those of the adult throughout metamorphic climax except that they still contained more than one motor axon. After metamorphic climax, elimination of multiple innervation occurred. PMID- 3257738 TI - Impaired low-density lipoprotein receptor activity in chronic B-lymphocytic leukaemia cells. AB - Cellular degradation of 125I-labelled low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was analysed in freshly isolated blood mononuclear cells from 26 patients with chronic B lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 8 healthy subjects, and in cells following 1, 2 and 3 d of culture in medium containing 10% human lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS). Fresh CLL cells had lower LDL degradation rates than mononuclear cells from healthy subjects (p less than 0.01). The LDL degradation rates increased during culture (p less than 0.001), but to a lesser degree in CLL cells than in normal blood mononuclear cells (p less than 0.001). The cellular degradation rate of 125I-LDL was markedly inhibited by an excess of unlabelled LDL, indicating that most of the 125I-LDL that was degraded had been internalized following binding to the high-affinity cell surface receptor. There was a positive correlation between the LPDS-induced LDL degradation of CLL cells and the thymidine uptake in CLL cell cultures with (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001) and without (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01) the B cell mitogen, Epstein-Barr virus. The results indicate that LDL receptors might be involved in the regulation of CLL cell proliferation. PMID- 3257739 TI - Heparin inhibits the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release from rat liver microsomes. AB - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins (1,4,5)P3)-stimulated Ca2+ release is inhibited by low concentrations of heparin (IC50 = 4.5 micrograms/ml). GTP-stimulated Ca2+ release is unaffected at a heparin concentration of 16 micrograms/ml. Addition of heparin after Ins (1,4,5)P3 causes the rapid re-uptake of Ins (1,4,5)P3 releasable Ca2+. PMID- 3257740 TI - Recognition of inter-transmembrane regions of acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit by antibodies, T cells and neurotoxins. Implications for membrane-subunit organization. AB - Three regions of the alpha chain of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (AChR), corresponding to residues alpha 262-276, alpha 388, 408 and alpha 427-437 were synthesized, purified and characterized. The first two peptides have been proposed to occupy inter-transmembrane regions while the third represented the C terminal segment, proposed by various models to be either extracellular or intracellular. Peptide alpha 388-408 stimulated a good response in the AChR primed T cells of H-2s haplotype mice, a low response in the H-2q haplotype and no response in the H-2b haplotype. Peptide alpha 427-437 stimulated AChR-primed T cells of the H-2s haplotype, but caused no response in the q and b haplotypes. Peptide alpha 262-276 evoked no in vitro stimulation in any of the s, q or b haplotypes. In antibody binding studies, peptide alpha 388-408 bound antibodies raised against free AChR or against membrane-bound AChR. The other two peptides showed little or no binding activity. Further, peptide alpha 388-408 bound specifically both 125I-labelled bungarotoxin and cobratoxin, while the other two peptides had no binding activity. These results were consistent with only one of the models for subunit organization within the membrane. PMID- 3257741 TI - Inflammation-induced changes in the iron concentration and total iron-binding capacity of the intraocular fluids of rabbits. AB - Changes in iron (Fe) concentration and total-iron-binding capacity (TIBC) of the intraocular fluids were measured during endotoxin-induced ocular inflammation in rabbits over a 3-week time course. In the aqueous humor, both Fe and TIBC increased to peak levels 24 h after intravitreal injection of endotoxin (10 ng) and gradually decreased to baseline levels by 3 weeks. In the uninflamed eye, the TIBC of the aqueous was only 23% saturated. During inflammation the TIBC became more highly saturated over time, reaching 50% at 3 weeks. In the vitreous humor the picture was more complicated due to the presence of slight hemorrhage. Noncellular Fe and TIBC increased to peak levels by 7 days, while TIBC approached 100% saturation. Both returned to baseline by 21 days. The influx of the partially saturated plasma protein transferrin through disrupted blood-ocular barriers most likely accounts for the increased TIBC in the inflamed eye and could provide some protection against the potentially harmful effects of Fe arising from tissue necrosis and hemolysis subsequent to hemorrhage. Under conditions of the model of inflammation studied here, the TIBC was not exceeded at any time during the 3 weeks. However, with more severe and long-lasting inflammation or when there is greater hemorrhage, the TIBC could be exceeded. This could lead to greater, and perhaps irreversible, damage to ocular tissues. PMID- 3257742 TI - Specificity of antibodies secreted by hybridomas generated from activated B cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Hybridomas have been prepared from active B cells in lymphoid tissue draining lesions of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), by fusion of fresh mesenteric lymph node suspensions with the murine JK myeloma. Two hundred and fifty nine immunoglobulin secreting hybridomas have been obtained from nine patients. The antibodies have been screened for binding to food antigens, sections of human gut, and bacteria including two unidentified acid fast isolates from CD lymph nodes. Autoantibodies, and antibodies to food antigens implicated by others in the aetiology of CD were rare, comprising 1.2%, and 2.5% respectively. Most donors yielded none of these. Thus neither food antigens nor autoantigens are major antigenic stimuli in nodes draining inflammatory bowel disease. On the other hand between 19% and 83% of supernatants from different donors bound to one or more bacterial genus. The mycobacteria and the CD isolates were amongst the genera to which most antibodies bound, though binding to E coli was more frequent. Significantly more CD than UC derived supernatants bound to BCG. As mycobacteria are not though to be part of the normal bowel flora, the high percentage of hybridomas secreting antibodies which bind to this genus is surprising. PMID- 3257743 TI - Descriptive light and electron microscopy of normal and clue-cell-positive discharge. AB - In women with clue-cell-positive discharge (CCPD), light-microscopical examination of the wet mount suggests a preference of bacteria for certain vaginal epithelial cells (VECs). To investigate this further, a light- and electron-microscopical study of patients and healthy controls was performed, with special emphasis on vitality and glycogen content of VECs and bacterial epithelial cell interaction. Our study did not reveal morphologic differences between VECs of patients and controls. There was, however, a significant decrease in the percentages of vital and glycogen-containing VECs in CCPD (p less than 0.001), probably caused by an overgrowth of (anaerobic) bacteria. In CCPD vaginal bacteria preferably colonize vital VECs. This could account for the relatively low percentage of clue cells in this condition. PMID- 3257744 TI - Blood lymphocyte characteristics as predictors of prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell type. AB - The prognostic information of blood lymphocyte characteristics and clinical findings was assessed in 62 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B cell type. Bivariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed using age, Rai stage, surface membrane immunoglobulin (smIg) isotype pattern of the leukemic clone, total lymphocyte counts, numbers of proliferating lymphocytes and T cell subpopulations. Rai stages III and IV, high numbers of blood lymphocytes in S phase (S+) and sm mu isotype were found to be partly independent factors predicting short therapy-free survival. Patients with a sm mu+ leukemic cell clone had a shorter therapy-free and total survival compared to those with sm mu+/delta+ and sm delta+ leukemic cells. Moreover, patients with high numbers of blood S+ lymphocytes had a shorter therapy-free and total survival compared to those with few S+ cells. These prognostic variables were valid also in patients with a low tumour burden (Rai stages 0, I and II) and may thus be of clinical importance as a guideline for therapeutic intervention. PMID- 3257745 TI - Fatal post-transfusion acquired immunodeficiency in a heterosexual man: quantitative lymph node immunopathology. AB - Employing a novel panel of monoclonal antibodies, we characterized in detail the quantitative immunopathologic alterations of lymph nodes in a 69-year-old heterosexual man who died of acquired immunodeficiency 1.5 years after transfusion of blood products. Absolute decreases were evident in total T cell, helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell, and Leu 8+ cell counts. Suppressor T cells and histiocytes were absolutely increased. There were relative increases in B cells and Leu 7+ cells. B-cell follicles were sparse and exhibited small, burned-out germinal centers composed predominantly of R4/23+ dendritic reticulum cells. These findings closely paralleled those described previously for homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). They suggest that AIDS occurring among diverse clinical groups, such as homosexual men and blood donor--recipient pairs, involves similar immunopathologic alterations within lymph node microenvironments. PMID- 3257746 TI - Histiocytosis X of the thyroid masquerading as thyroid carcinoma. AB - The case of a 28-year-old woman with histiocytosis X confined to the thyroid is described. A partial thyroidectomy specimen from this patient was at first interpreted as showing poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Subsequent investigations, including electron microscopy, revealed the true nature of the lesion. Even on retrospective examination, the two conditions can simulate each other very closely and may be easily confused. PMID- 3257747 TI - A viral etiology in Fuchs' corneal dystrophy. PMID- 3257748 TI - Suppression of murine macrophage interleukin-1 release by the polysaccharide portion of Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted from whole cells of Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 by the hot phenol-water procedure. LPS was cleaved into its lipid A and polysaccharide moieties by hydrolysis in 1% acetic acid. The major component sugars of the polysaccharide were glucose, heptose, rhamnose, galactose, and fucose. LPS and lipid A from H. actinomycetemcomitans induced the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by LPS-responsive C3H/HeN murine peritoneal macrophages and cell line macrophages (P388D1 and J744.1), but not by LPS nonresponsive C3H/HeJ peritoneal macrophages. The polysaccharide was unable to induce the release of IL-1. It suppressed the IL-1 release from LPS- and lipid A stimulated macrophages, but not the production of cell-associated and intracellular IL-1. The addition of rhamnose, a sugar component of the polysaccharide, abrogated the inhibitory effect of the polysaccharide on IL-1 release. These results suggest the participation of a lectinlike molecule in IL-1 release. PMID- 3257749 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on corneal endothelial function in Fuchs' dystrophy. AB - Thirteen patients with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy were studied to measure the potential effects of topically applied dexamethasone on endothelial function. Endothelial permeability in the Fuchs' dystrophy patients was not different from that found in normal controls. One eye, chosen at random, was treated topically four times a day for 7 days with 0.1% dexamethasone phosphate. The contralateral eye was treated with a placebo of identical appearance. Prior to treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in the means of the intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, endothelial permeability, or endothelial pump rate between the dexamethasone- and placebo-treated groups. In the placebo-treated eyes, a significant decrease was observed in both endothelial permeability and endothelial pump rate over the course of the study. No statistically significant changes occurred in the dexamethasone-treated eyes over the same period. When the dexamethasone group was compared with the placebo group, there was a significant difference in the change in endothelial pump rate between the two groups, attributable in large part to the decrease in pump rate observed in the placebo group over the course of treatment. We interpret our data as lacking support for the concept that topical steroids are beneficial for the treatment of stromal edema in patients with Fuchs' dystrophy. PMID- 3257750 TI - Dynamics of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis induced by adoptive transfer of S-antigen-specific T cell line. AB - Long-term S-antigen (S-Ag) specific T lymphocyte lines can induce experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) when transferred into naive rats systemically or intravitreally. The uveitogenic lymphocyte line (ThS) stains positively for the ART 18 (IL-2 receptor) and W3/25 (T helper/inducer); negatively for OX6 (RT1B) and OX8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic cells). The inflammation induced by systemic or intravitreal transfer of the ThS line was studied with respect to the surface markers of the infiltrating cells, as well as the markers expressed by the resident ocular cells, by immunohistopathological techniques. On day 4 to 5 after systemic injection of the ThS line, rare T cells (W3/25+, ART 18+) and macrophages (OX42+, OX6+) surrounded by some resident cells that expressed MHC class II antigens were identified in the ciliary body and choroid. Shortly thereafter (10-20 hr) more macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and T lymphocytes (W3/25+, then OX8+) appeared in the inflamed eye. The kinetics was similar to EAU induced by active immunization. The rats with severe disease expressed the MHC class II antigens on large numbers of resident cells in the eye. Intravitreally transferred ThS cells migrated to the retina within 24 hr of transfer. Infiltration of macrophages (OX6+, OX42+) and other T lymphocytes (OX6+, W3/25+ or OX8+), in conjunction with photoreceptor damage, were observed within the next 24-48 hr. The cells with the ThS markers disappeared from the eye on day 4-5 post transfer. These findings suggest that the ThS line can recognize the photoreceptor S-Ag in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3257751 TI - Quantitation of acute experimental ocular inflammation with 111indium-leukocytes. AB - The cellular component of an acute ocular inflammation in rabbits was measured with autologous leukocytes exogenously labeled with 111Indium tropolonate. Inflammation was induced by intravitreal bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 16 hr blood was removed, leukocytes separated, labeled with 111Indium tropolonate and reinjected. Three cell fractions were examined: a leukocyte rich fraction which had been prepared with Dextran; and polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocyte fractions which had been prepared using a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Two hours after labeled leukocytes were injected, measurements of 111Indium were made in blood, plasma, the whole eye and in ocular compartments. From these data the numbers of each leukocyte population present were estimated and compared directly to histopathologic changes. Both polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes entered ocular tissues during the 2 hr period beginning 20 hr after LPS injection. Altered ocular vascular permeability was successfully measured with 125Iodine-albumin in some of these same rabbits. Both the number and type of inflammatory cell entering ocular tissues during a set period of time of the inflammatory response could thus be measured. This technique provides an opportunity to define the relationship of leukocyte infiltration and altered ocular vascular permeability in ocular tissues during the inflammatory response. PMID- 3257752 TI - Cryptosporidiosis associated with immunosuppression attributable to distemper in a pup. AB - Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and distemper were diagnosed in a 6-month-old female Siberian Husky pup. Poor growth rate, mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharges, and diarrhea were observed. Results of immunologic studies revealed decreased serum IgG concentration and undetectable serum IgA concentration. Cultured lymphocytes yielded a less-than-adequate response to mitogen stimulation. The serum also contained a factor that suppressed mitogen stimulation in control cultured lymphocytes. PMID- 3257753 TI - Evidence for movement of the alpha-amylase gene into two phylogenetically distant Bacillus stearothermophilus strains. AB - The gene for an alpha-amylase cloned from strain DY-5 of Bacillus stearothermophilus was used to examine to what extent the corresponding genes are structurally similar in other B. stearothermophilus strains. The structure of the gene itself was almost identical in DY-5 and a group of strains represented by strain 799. The gene was not detected at all in strain DSM2334, which was phenotypically amylase deficient. Comparison of the structure of 5S rRNA and electrophoretic pattern of the ribosomal proteins indicates that strains DY-5 and DSM2334 are closely related to each other, whereas strain 799 is phylogenetically very distant from the two. We estimate that strain 799 separated from DY-5 and DSM2334 some 420 million years ago. Nucleotide sequencing of the region containing the amylase gene from strains DY-5 and 799 revealed the presence of a 3.4-kilobase stretch that was highly similar in the two strains. Furthermore, comparison of the restriction map surrounding the amylase gene of DY-5 with that of a corresponding region in DSM2334 indicated that the former strain contained an extra segment 5.5 kilobases in length, which included the 3.4-kilobase stretch mentioned above. This segment was missing in DSM2334. It thus appears that the alpha-amylase gene was brought into strains DY-5 and 799 from outside despite a large phylogenetic distance. PMID- 3257754 TI - Phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) partially inhibits rapid intracellular free calcium transients triggered by anti-immunoglobulin in murine lymphocytes. AB - The highly fluorescent probes Indo-1 and Fura-2 were employed to detect intracellular calcium responses in murine splenic lymphocytes following cross linking of cell surface Ig. Inhibition by phorbol ester (12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) was rapid and showed a strong preference for the very transient phase of the response which has been identified as a mobilization of intracellular calcium. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate had significantly less effect on the longer lasting increase in intracellular free calcium which involved an influx of extracellular calcium. Whole spectra were used as a check on transients, which were monitored at a single wavelength, in order to eliminate changes that were not calcium-dependent. It was found that such changes could arise from the association of Indo-1, or its acetoxymethyl ester, with phospholipid bilayers since this affected their fluorescence spectra. In addition, the loading of resting cells with dye esters was shown to be greatly enhanced by the inclusion of a small amount of the detergent Pluronic F-127 in the incubation medium. A spectral analysis of labeled cells showed that the extent of hydrolysis of intracellular dye was improved as well as the rate of uptake by cells. PMID- 3257755 TI - Binding of caldesmon to smooth muscle myosin. AB - Caldesmon, a major calmodulin binding protein, was found to bind smooth muscle myosin. Addition of caldesmon to smooth muscle myosin induced the formation of small aggregates of myosin in the absence of Ca2+-calmodulin, but not in the presence of Ca2+-calmodulin. The binding site of myosin was studied by using caldesmon-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Subfragment 1 was not retained by the column, while heavy meromyosin and subfragment 2 were bound to the caldesmon affinity column in the absence of Ca2+-calmodulin but not in its presence. It was therefore concluded that the binding site of caldesmon on myosin molecule was the subfragment 2 region and that binding of caldesmon to myosin was abolished in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin. Cross-linking of actin and myosin mediated by caldesmon was studied. While actomyosin was completely dissociated in the presence of Mg2+-ATP, the addition of caldesmon caused aggregation of the actomyosin. By low speed centrifugation at which actomyosin alone was not precipitated in the presence of Mg2+-ATP, the aggregate induced by caldesmon was precipitated and the composition of the precipitate was found to be actin, caldesmon, and myosin. In the presence of Mg2+-ATP, pure actin did not bind to a myosin-Sepharose 4B affinity column, while all of the actin was retained when the actin/caldesmon mixture was applied to the column. These results indicate that caldesmon can cross-link actin and myosin. PMID- 3257756 TI - Mechanisms of irreversible thermal inactivation of Bacillus alpha-amylases. AB - Molecular mechanisms of irreversible thermal inactivation of two bacterial alpha amylases, from the mesophile Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and from the thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus, have been elucidated in the pH range of relevance to enzymatic catalysis. At pH 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0, B. amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase irreversibly inactivates due to a monomolecular conformational process, formation of incorrect (scrambled) structures which subsequently undergo aggregation. At the last pH, this process can be suppressed by the presence of the substrate starch and consequently a covalent process, deamidation of asparagine and/or glutamine residues, becomes the cause of loss of enzymatic activity at 90 degrees C. Monomolecular conformational scrambling is the predominant cause of irreversible inactivation of B. stearothermophilus alpha-amylase at 90 degrees C at pH 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0. At pH 6.5 another contributing inactivation mechanism is the deamidation of amide residues, and at pH 8.0, O2 oxidation of the enzyme's cysteine residue. PMID- 3257757 TI - Isolation and characterization of the major acidic glycosphingolipids from the liver of the English sole (Parophrys vetulus). Presence of a novel ganglioside with a Forssman antigen determinant. AB - Acidic glycosphingolipids of the liver of English sole, Parophrys vetulus, have been isolated and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and by direct probe electron-impact and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. In addition to the acidic glycosphingolipids with known structures (sulfatide, GM4, GM3, GM2, and GD1a), two fractions of a major monosialosylganglioside with TLC mobility slower than GM1 were isolated and characterized as having the following structure. (Formula:q see text). The structure represents a novel combination of a terminal Forssman disaccharide (GalNAc alpha 1----3GalNAc beta 1----3R) and a GM1 ganglioside core linked together. The identity of the terminal Forssman disaccharide was further established by TLC immunostaining with an anti-Forssman monoclonal antibody. This antibody showed strongly positive staining of the ganglioside only after removal of the sialic acid. Thus, the II3NeuAc residue inhibited antibody binding to the terminal disaccharide unit. Analysis of the ceramide moieties of both fractions indicated a predominance of 16:0, 22:1, 22:0, and 24:1 fatty acids in the faster migrating form and 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 in the slower form in combination with d18:1 sphingosine. PMID- 3257758 TI - Demonstration of epidermal growth factor-induced receptor dimerization in living cells using a chemical covalent cross-linking agent. AB - We have used the soluble covalent cross-linking agent 1-ethyl-3-[3 (dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDAC) to examine the capacity of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to stimulate the dimerization of purified EGF receptor, of EGF receptor in membrane preparations and in intact A431 cells. The addition of EGF either to membranes from A431 cells or to EGF receptor which was purified from A431 cells by immunoaffinity chromatography caused the appearance of a cross linked product of Mr 340,000 which was identified using EGF receptor-specific antibodies as an EGF receptor dimer. Three independent approaches including biosynthetic labeling, surface iodination, and immunoblotting experiments were utilized to follow EGF receptor dimerization in living A431 cells. These approaches provided consistent results indicating that EGF induced rapid dimerization of EGF receptor in living cells, suggesting that this process may play a role in transmembrane signalling mediated by EGF. PMID- 3257759 TI - MgATP-dependent glucose 6-phosphate-stimulated Ca2+ accumulation in liver microsomal fractions. Effects of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and GTP. AB - Ca2+ release triggered by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and/or GTP has been studied with rough and smooth microsomes isolated from rat liver. Microsomes were loaded with Ca2+ in the presence of MgATP and in the presence or in the absence of glucose 6-phosphate (glucose-6-P) which markedly stimulated the MgATP dependent Ca2+ accumulation in rough and smooth microsomes (5- and 10-fold, respectively). Upon addition of IP3 (5 microM), rough and smooth microsomes rapidly release a part (not exceeding 20%) of the Ca2+ previously accumulated both in the absence and in the presence of glucose-6-P. Under the same experimental conditions, inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate was ineffective in triggering any Ca2+ release. Upon addition of GTP (10 microM) both the microsomal fractions progressively release the Ca2+ previously accumulated in the presence of glucose-6-P, when 3% polyethylene glycol was also present. In the absence of polyethylene glycol, GTP released Ca2+ from rough microsomes only, and GTP plus IP3 caused a Ca2+ release which was the sum of the Ca2+ releases caused by GTP and IP3 independently. Both IP3 and GTP, added to microsomes at the beginning of the glucose-6-P-stimulated Ca2+ uptake, reduced the Ca2+ accumulation into rough and smooth microsomes without modifying the initial rate (3 min) of Ca2+ uptake. Also in these conditions, the effects of GTP and IP3 were merely additive. These results indicate that both rough and smooth liver microsomes are responsive to IP3 and GTP with respect to Ca2+ release and that IP3 and GTP likely act independently. PMID- 3257760 TI - A rat model of resorption of bone at the cement-bone interface in the presence of polyethylene wear particles. AB - Resorption of bone and the formation of a membrane at the interface between acrylic cement and bone were induced by particles of high-density polyethylene that were similar in size to those that are present in the tissues surrounding a human joint prosthesis. A non-weight-bearing plug of methylmethacrylate was inserted through the knee joint into the distal part of the femur of the rat. The plug rapidly became surrounded by a shell of bone. After repeated injections of particles of high-density polyethylene into the knee joint, resorption of bone occurred at this stable interface. No resorption of bone occurred after the opposite knee was injected with a control preparation that did not contain particles. The resorption of bone that occurred around the plug after the injection of particles of polyethylene took place in the absence of mechanical causes for loosening and in the absence of infection. PMID- 3257761 TI - Effects of leukocytic pyrogen (interleukin-1) on local cerebral glucose utilization in rats with and without premedication with indomethacin or dexamethasone. AB - Changes in body temperature were recorded in freely moving rats given phosphate buffered saline or leukocytic pyrogen (interleukin-1) while the animals were in an infant incubator maintained at 25.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C. The leukocytic pyrogen increased body temperature by at least 1 degree C within 1 h. This rise in temperature was prevented by premedication with indomethacin (10 mg/kg) but not dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) given 15 min before the leukocytic pyrogen. Local rates of glucose utilization were measured in 47 regions of the central nervous system. In none of the regions previously reported to have an increased rate of glucose utilization associated with an ambient temperature of 32.5 degrees C (McCulloch et al., 1982b) was an increase found in the present experiments. It was concluded that the intensity of the changes in local cerebral glucose utilization in response to the fever caused by the leukocytic pyrogen was insufficient to be measured. Neither indomethacin nor dexamethasone caused remarkable changes in rates of local glucose utilization. PMID- 3257762 TI - Evaluation of regional differences of tracer appearance time in cerebral tissues using [15O] water and dynamic positron emission tomography. AB - The tracer appearance time relative to the radial artery-sampling site has been evaluated in six brain locations in five human subjects using dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) following the bolus injection of H2(15)O. There was a maximum difference of +/- 2 s from the average in each location. To globally adjust the timing difference between the measured arterial curve and the PET scan, a correction method was developed based on a nonlinear least-squares fitting procedure. This new technique determined the global time delay with an accuracy of +/- 0.5 s. On the other hand, the linear backward extrapolation method resulted in a systematic error of 4 s. PMID- 3257763 TI - Variable quantitation of Haemophilus influenzae type b anticapsular antibody by radioantigen binding assay. AB - The measurement of antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide is important in the study of natural immunity and in the immunogenicity evaluation of H. influenzae type b vaccines. Several radioantigen binding assays (RABA) have been developed to measure H. influenzae type b anticapsular antibody, but recent immunogenicity data obtained with structurally similar vaccines suggest major differences in antibody quantitation in different laboratories. To evaluate interlaboratory variability in the measurement of anticapsular antibody levels, we blindly evaluated a sample of 40 pre- and postimmunization sera by eight RABAs in different laboratories. Evaluation of RABA methods revealed differences in polysaccharide antigens, radiolabeling methods, concentration and volume of antigen and antibody, and other assay methods. The reported results of assays varied significantly between laboratories (up to sixfold differences in geometric means), in part because of differences in assay sensitivity and different proportions of samples having undetectable levels of antibody (0 to 65% of specimens with undetectable levels). After standardizing the limit of sensitivity for all assays (0.125 microgram/ml), the results of all combinations of paired analyses of RABA assays correlated well (r = 0.88 to 0.99) but the geometric mean levels still varied as much as twofold. For individual sera, the differences between paired assays often were substantial (P less than or equal to 0.0001, paired t test), with some results varying as much as 64-fold. Differences were greatest for lower levels of antibody. There was good comparability and interlaboratory reproducibility of some assays but not of others. Intrinsic or extrinsic labeling of the antigen was not a major determinant of comparability. In most instances, the current variation in the quantitation of antibody levels by these assays precludes interassay comparisons. A standardized measurement of antibody needs to be developed to adequately compare results between different H. influenzae type b immunogenicity studies. PMID- 3257764 TI - Bare lymphocyte syndrome. Consequences of absent class II major histocompatibility antigen expression for B lymphocyte differentiation and function. AB - The bare lymphocyte syndrome is a rare combined immunodeficiency disorder associated with the absence of class I and/or class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens. Although it has been inferred that the immune deficiency is a consequence of disordered MHC-restricted interactions among otherwise normal cells, the biological capabilities and differentiation of B lymphocytes deficient in class II MHC antigens have not been rigorously analyzed. We have examined the phenotypic and functional attributes of B cells with absent class II MHC antigens. Our data demonstrate that these B cells are intrinsically defective in their responses to membrane-mediated activation stimuli. In addition, virtually all the B cells had phenotypic evidence of arrested differentiation at an immature stage. Finally, these B cells also failed to express the C3d-EBV receptor normally present on all B lymphocytes. These data indicate that class II MHC molecules are vital participants in early events of the B cell activation cascade, and that other non-MHC membrane molecules may also be absent as a consequence of either arrested differentiation or as a result of the basic defect affecting the expression of MHC membrane antigens. PMID- 3257765 TI - Endocarditis prophylaxis. PMID- 3257766 TI - Selective binding of Dolichos biflorus agglutinin to L3T4-, Lyt-2- thymocytes. Expression of terminal alpha-linked N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues defines a subpopulation of fetal and adult murine thymocytes. AB - Using histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques, a lectin with nominal specificity for alpha-linked N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), was found to preferentially label thymocytes with an L3T4-, Lyt 2- phenotype from fetal/newborn and adult mice. Through days 14 to 16 of gestation, virtually all thymocytes bound DBA, followed by a dramatic reduction of DBA labeling during the last 4 days of gestation, reaching adult levels of about 2 to 4% of total thymocytes. At later stages of fetal development, the DBA+ cells were confined to the subcapsular area of the thymus. This apparent loss of DBA+ cells was caused by an expansion of the thymocyte population not labeled with this lectin. Affinity purification of thymocyte cell surface components with insolubilized DBA indicated that virtually all of the lectin binding to fetal thymocytes was mediated by a 120-kDa glycoprotein. In addition to thymocytes, DBA also labeled about 5% of bone marrow cells from both normal or nude mice and a small population of spleen cells as well. These results suggest that this lectin may be useful to positively select for LT34-, Lyt-2- thymocytes, and, possibly, other immature populations within the T cell lineage. PMID- 3257767 TI - Characterization of an anti-Ly-6 monoclonal antibody which defines and activates cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - HK1.4 mAb was identified based on its ability to stimulate proliferation of cloned murine CTL. Within the lymphoid lineage, mAb HK1.4 bound exclusively to CTL, regardless of the expression of Lyt-2 or MHC restriction. HK1.4 mAb also bound to 40% of bone marrow cells and less than 5% of thymocytes from all mouse strains tested. Based on the tissue distribution of the determinant with which it reacted and the ability to cross-block binding of the anti-Ly-6 mAb H9/25, mAb HK1.4 appeared to react with a product of the Ly-6 locus. However, significant differences were observed between the properties of mAb HK1.4 and other, previously described anti-Ly-6 mAb. Cell proliferation and lymphokine release by cloned CTL were stimulated by culture with mAb HK1.4 alone or in the presence of non-stimulatory levels of IL-2. This proliferation and lymphokine release were not blocked by the addition of soluble anti-Lyt-2 or anti-IL-2R mAb. Activation induced by HK1.4 mAb proceeds in the absence of accessory cells, of cross-linking of the TCR, or the addition of mitogens or PMA. Stimulation of cells by anti-TCR mAb was not blocked by the addition of soluble HK1.4 mAb, and the stimulatory effects of HK1.4 and anti-TCR mAb were not additive. However, IL-2-driven proliferation of CTL clones was dramatically inhibited by the addition of HK1.4 mAb.HK1.4 mAb had no effect on Ag-specific or lectin-facilitated cytolysis. Taken together, these data indicate that mAb HK1.4 operates via an IL-2-independent pathway of activation that is also independent of the TCR. PMID- 3257768 TI - Heterogeneity of immature (Lyt-2-/L3T4-) thymocytes. Identification of four major phenotypically distinct subsets differing in cell cycle status and in vitro activation requirements. AB - Thymocytes that bear neither Lyt-2 nor L3T4 differentiation Ag (2-4- thymocytes) contain the precursors of mature Lyt-2+ and L3T4+ T cells. In the present study, we have identified four major subpopulations of 2-4- cells in adult C57BL/6 mice that differ in surface phenotype and in situ proliferative status. Two-color immunofluorescence analysis with RL-73 (a mAb recognizing an as yet unidentified activation Ag) and PC-61 (an anti-IL-2R mAb) revealed three distinct subsets of 2 4-thymocytes: RL-73+ IL-2R- (30%), RL-73+/-IL-2R+ (45%), and RL-73- IL-2R- (25%). The RL-73+ IL-2R- subset had the highest percentage of large blasts and cycling cells, whereas the RL-73+/- IL-2R+ and RL-73- IL-2R- subsets had intermediate and low percentages, respectively, indicating that in situ proliferation correlated better with RL-73 intensity than with IL-2R expression. An additional marker, heat-stable Ag (HSA), was found to further subdivide the RL-73- population into RL-73- HSA- (10% of total 2-4-) and RL-73- HSA+ (15%) fractions. The two latter (RL-73-) subsets appeared to be more "mature" than the former since they expressed high levels of Lyt-1 and appeared later during fetal thymus ontogeny. In parallel with the phenotypic analysis, we compared the in vitro activation requirements of each of the four purified 2-4- subsets. All four populations proliferated well to the combination of phorbol ester (PMA), ionomycin, and IL-2. In response to PMA and ionomycin (without added IL-2), only RL-73- HSA-cells proliferated and this proliferation was correlated with IL-2 production. However, if IL-1 was included with PMA and ionomycin then all four populations responded. Finally, a proliferative response to Con A or mitogenic anti-Thy-1 mAb was observed only for RL-73- HSA+ and (to a lesser extent) RL-73- HSA-cells. These data indicate that each of the four phenotypically distinct subpopulations of immature thymocytes can also be distinguished on the basis of their in vitro activation requirements. PMID- 3257769 TI - IL-2-dependent proliferation of thymic accessory cells. AB - Phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum are Ia-positive accessory cells continuously produced in long term thymic stroma cultures. We show in the present paper that phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum have R for IL-2. They share this property with splenic accessory cells produced in vitro by the same technique but have the unique property of proliferating in the presence of rIL-2. This proliferation is not enhanced by Con-A, is not linked to a lymphoid contaminant, and is specifically inhibited by an anti-IL-2R mAb. PMID- 3257770 TI - B cell stimulatory factor 1 (IL-4) enhances the development of cytotoxic T cells from Lyt-2+ resting murine T lymphocytes. AB - B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) (IL-4) was shown to synergize with phorbol esters or with monoclonal anti-TCR antibody in stimulation of the development of CTL from small resting murine T cells. IL-2 also synergized with PMA in such differentiation but was less effective than BSF-1. The combination of these two lymphokines with PMA had the most potent effect on the development of CTL. BSF-1 plus PMA stimulated a significant increase in the intracellular content of N benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine thiobenzylester esterase, a granule-associated biochemical marker, whereas IL-2 plus PMA was only marginally effective. Depletion of L3T4+ cells did not result in the abrogation of these effects. Lyt 2+ T cells that were incubated for 72 h with BSF-1 plus PMA accumulated N benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine thiobenzylester esterase and secreted this intragranular marker after interaction with immobilized anti-T cell receptor mAb. These BSF-1/PMA-stimulated Lyt-2+, L3T4- T cells were also able to kill FcR positive target cells in a retargeting assay with a mAb to murine T3 Ag, providing evidence that BSF-1 plus PMA acted directly on precursors of cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 3257771 TI - Purification and partial sequence of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor resembling IL-1 beta. AB - A rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)-derived lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor (PMN factor) was finally purified to homogeneity. PMN factor was released from early inflammatory peritoneal exudate cells (98% of PMN) stimulated with kaolin under roller bottle culture conditions. PMN factor was purified by large sequential scale steps, using membrane-type ion exchangers and gel filtration, followed in this order by HPLC steps with cationic ion exchangers and a hydroxylapatite column. Homogeneity was manifested based on the criteria of a single m.w. 18, 500 band on silver-stained polyacrylamide gel, a superimposable activity on a UV absorbance peak in analytic HPLC gel filtration, and detection of a single amino-terminal sequence. The homogeneous PMN factor had an isoelectric value of 7.2 and an activity of 1.9 x 10(7) U/mg in the thymocyte comitogenic assay. PMN factor stimulated one-half of the maximal response of thymocyte proliferation at 2.8 x 10(-12) M. Because of similarities in the physicochemical properties, specific activity, and amino-terminal sequence between rabbit PMN factor and human IL-1 beta, this PMN factor is therefore considered to be a rabbit IL-1 beta. PMID- 3257772 TI - Production of two hemopoietic growth factors is differentially regulated in single T lymphocytes activated with an anti-T cell receptor antibody. AB - A method has been developed to measure the production by single activated T lymphocytes of two hemopoietic growth factors, granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM CSF) and multipotential CSF (multi-CSF or IL-3). When individual cells of the L3T4 (CD4)+ F23.1+ T cell clone E9.D4 were transferred by micromanipulation into wells coated with the monoclonal anti-T cell receptor antibody F23.1, up to 90% of cells produced CSF as detected by CSF-dependent hemopoietic cell lines. Production occurred in the absence of proliferation and did not require the addition of accessory cells or IL-2. Both the frequency of CSF-producing cells and the average production per positive cell depended on the density of the immobilized stimulating ligand, indicating that the response of each cell is not an all-or-none phenomenon but varies with the strength of stimulation. Individual cells of the clone varied over a 100-fold range in their total CSF titer with a mean value of about 0.05 U/cell. They also varied in their relative production of GM-CSF and multi-CSF. Thus, low producing cells secreted only GM-CSF whereas high producing cells also secreted multi-CSF. The failure of low producing cells to secrete multi-CSF was not genetically based since such cells could give rise to progeny that synthesized multi-CSF. These results suggest that the synthesis of these two lymphokines can be differentially regulated at the level of the single cell. PMID- 3257773 TI - Monoclonal antipeptide antibodies recognize IL-3 and neutralize its bioactivity in vivo. AB - Mixtures of synthetic peptides corresponding to segments of murine IL-3 or synthetic IL-3 were used to raise murine mAb. Several mAb able to recognize synthetic IL-3 were obtained, two of which exhibited significant cross-reactivity with native IL-3 as shown by precipitation of biosynthetically 35S-labeled IL-3 and their effectiveness as affinity reagents for the purification of IL-3 from conditioned medium. The amino acid sequence recognized by the two mAb was determined by using synthetic peptide segments of IL-3. In both cases binding of the mAb to synthetic IL-3 was inhibited best with a hexapeptide corresponding to the amino acid residues 130-135 of IL-3, although the mAb differed in other characteristics. Neither mAb neutralized IL-3 bioactivity in vitro. However, we observed that in vivo administration of one mAb abrogated the increase in splenic mast cells and their precursors that normally occurred in mice bearing a s.c. IL 3-producing tumor, WEHI-3B. PMID- 3257774 TI - Effective immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis with defined membrane antigens reconstituted into liposomes. AB - The abundant Leishmania promastigote surface Ag gp63 and Leishmania promastigote lipophosphoglycan were reconstituted into liposomes and used as a vaccine against the agent of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis, Leishmania mexicana. The Ag were inoculated s.c., i.p., and i.v. into CBA/ca and BALB/c mice. Even at low Ag dosages, 8 to 10 micrograms/mouse, the Ag induced appreciable levels of protection. In CBA/ca mice complete protection was obtained by s.c. inoculation of antigen-containing liposomes. Protection could be transferred with T cells to naive mice. Interestingly, the Ag-containing liposomes did not cause the disease exacerbation observed in previous vaccine studies with crude parasite extracts. PMID- 3257775 TI - Molecular cloning of the murine homologue of CD2. Homology of the molecule to its human counterpart T11. AB - In order to characterize the mouse homologue of the CD2 molecule, which has not yet been identified by immunologic means, cDNA clones putatively encoding mouse CD2 have been isolated by cross-hybridization with a cDNA probe for rat CD2. The predicted amino acid sequence of the putative mouse CD2 protein is consistent with that of a transmembrane glycoprotein, i.e., it consists of an N-terminal region of 186 amino acids bearing six potential N-glycosylation sites, a hydrophobic transmembrane segment of 25 residues, and a large cytoplasmic region of 116 amino acids rich in proline and basic residues. Comparison with the human and rat CD2 sequences clearly indicated the predicted mouse protein to be the mouse equivalent. Striking evolutionary conservations between mouse, rat, and human CD2 were found in their cytoplasmic region, suggesting a functional consequence of that segment for the physiologic role of CD2, such as signal transduction. RNA blot hybridization analysis demonstrated the expression of CD2 in T lymphocytes and in the NK cell lineage in mice. These data strongly suggest that the putative mouse CD2 molecule may perform some biologic functions in mouse T lymphocytes and NK cells as documented in humans. PMID- 3257777 TI - A rapid assay for measuring both colony size and cytolytic activity of limiting dilution microcultures. AB - A combined 51Cr-release/MTT dye method is described for accurately measuring cytolytic activity and colony size in the same set of culture microwells. The method was applied to the study of cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) in limiting dilution analysis (LDA) cultures of human PBL from a renal transplant recipient and a healthy control. The results showed that the combined CML/MTT method could detect differences in lytic activity per cell in LDA cultures, and thus is a useful adjunct to standard precursor frequency analysis. PMID- 3257776 TI - In vivo effects of recombinant IL-2. I. Isolation of circulating Leu-19+ lymphokine-activated killer effector cells from cancer patients receiving recombinant IL-2. AB - This study was designed to isolate and phenotypically characterize lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells generated in vivo during administration of high dose rIL-2 to cancer patients. The development of circulating LAK effector cells in these patients was demonstrated by the ability of fresh PBL to exhibit lytic activity against the NK-resistant Daudi cell line and fresh tumor cells without prior in vitro culture with rIL-2. Kinetic studies demonstrated that circulating LAK effector cells are detectable 4 to 6 wk after the initiation of rIL-2 therapy. Cells isolated by FACS revealed that circulating LAK cells are Leu-19+, Leu-17+ but CD5-. We have previously reported that circulating Leu-19+ cells are heterogeneous with regard to the expression of CD16 and CD8. Since sorting of cells expressing Leu-19 and either low quantities of CD8 or CD16 resulted in cytolytic activity in both the positive and negative fractions, these latter two markers do not identify subpopulations of Leu-19+ cells with or without LAK cytolytic activity. Although all LAK cells generated in vivo were Leu-19+, we generated LAK cells from the Leu-19- subpopulation after in vitro culture with rIL-2, suggesting that at least some of in vitro generated LAK cells are derived from Leu-19- precursor cells. These LAK cells did not, however, express the Leu 19 surface marker. Based on the functional data reported in this paper, we conclude that circulating LAK effector cells are a phenotypically heterogeneous population that express surface Ag in association with NK cells and not T lymphocytes. PMID- 3257778 TI - A comparative investigation of three methods of separation of CD4 and CD8 cells from human peripheral blood cells. AB - A comparison was made of the phenotypic purities and functional efficiencies of CD4 and CD8 cell subsets, separated by three methods. CD4 and CD8 monoclonal antibodies were used for positive and negative selection of T cells by (a) panning, (b) red cell rosetting, and (c) complement mediated killing techniques. The viability of the CD4 and CD8 cell subsets, separated by any of the three methods and assessed by the dye exclusion method, was greater than 95%. An inverse relationship was found between the yields and purities of the CD4 and CD8 cell subset. The most efficient separation of the T cells was achieved by positive selection using the rosetting method; 95.3 +/- 1.8% of the CD4 subset reacted with antibodies to CD4 and 1.4 +/- 0.5% with antibodies to CD8 antigens. The separated CD8 subset showed 90.7 +/- 0.4% reacting with CD8 and 3.5 +/- 1.3% with CD4 antibodies. This separation was slightly better than that achieved by the panning method. However, the positive methods of selection gave lower yields than the negative selection methods. The five CD4 and five CD8 cell subsets were assessed functionally by stimulating with a mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin), a bacterial antigen (purified protein derivative) and a viral antigen (herpes simplex virus). The results suggest that the uptake of [3H]thymidine is generally most efficient with the positively selected rosetting CD4 and CD8 cell subset. PMID- 3257779 TI - Establishment of a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for interleukin-1 alpha employing a fluorogenic substrate. AB - We have previously established a non-competitive solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) using a combination of polyclonal antibody as the immobilized antibody, biotinylated monoclonal antibody as the second antibody and avidin-peroxidase. The level of detection of that ELISA was 200-500 pg/ml. In order to improve its sensitivity, we have used streptavidin-beta-D-galactosidase and the fluorogenic substance 4 methylumbelliferyl-D-galactopyranoside as enzyme substrate. With this system IL-1 alpha could be detected at concentrations as low as 10-50 pg/ml, which was about 10-20 times more sensitive than conventional mouse thymocyte co-stimulator assays. Furthermore, the assay system was specific for IL-1 alpha in that neither IL-1 beta nor interleukin-2 (IL-2) interfered. PMID- 3257780 TI - In vivo activation of quiescent B cells by anti-immunoglobulin. II. Production of lysozyme-specific monoclonal antibodies of desired isotype. AB - We wished to determine whether injection of mice with anti-isotype antibody would be a means to regulate in vivo isotype expression and to obtain hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of desired antigen specificity and isotype. Treatment with a rat mAb (7D2) reactive with both the IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes of mouse Ig resulted in large increases in the serum concentrations of mouse IgG2(a + b). Moreover, injection of antigen-7D2 conjugates had a profound effect on the isotype distribution of hybridomas subsequently obtained from these animals. Thus, while greater than 95% of anti-hen eggwhite lysozyme (HEL) mAbs prepared from mice immunized with HEL alone were of the IgG1 isotype, 12/15 (80%) of the mAbs from mice injected with HEL-7D2 conjugates were of the IgG2a or IgG2b isotype. When tested for effector functions using HEL-coated erythrocytes, the mAbs showed the expected activities, i.e., the IgG2, but not IgG1 anti-HEL mAbs were able to fix complement, bind protein A, and mediate antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. These results indicate that in vivo immunization with anti-isotype-antigen conjugates can be used to produce hybridomas of predetermined antigen and isotype specificities. PMID- 3257781 TI - Double and triple staining methods for studying the proliferative activity of human B and T lymphoid cells. AB - New methods for double and triple colour labelling using monoclonal antibodies to the proliferation-associated markers 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki67 are described. In order to make incorporated BrdU accessible to most anti-BrdU antibodies, mild denaturation of the DNA is needed, and this is usually obtained by exposing the cells to acid or base. This procedure destroys most cellular antigens, including nuclear TdT and Ki67. In this study we show that fixation in cold methanol, instead of 70% ethanol, for 30 min followed by immersion in 7 X 10(-3) N NaOH for 10-15 s allows BrdU staining with the simultaneous detection of nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane antigens as well as preservation of morphological detail. This method is optimal for detection of nuclear Ki67 and TdT. These reagents together with antibodies to membrane antigens can be included in triple colour labelling using second layers conjugated to FITC, TRITC and colloidal gold. With these methods it is now possible to characterize the phenotype of dividing cell populations such as precursors in central lymphoid tissues and germinal centre blasts in peripheral lymphoid organs. PMID- 3257782 TI - Nomenclature for Pneumocystis carinii. PMID- 3257784 TI - Epidemiology of rob beta-lactamase among ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae isolates in the United States. AB - We surveyed 161 clinical isolates of ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase producing isolates of Haemophilus influenzae obtained between 1975 and 1985 to determine whether they produced TEM-1 or Rob beta-lactamase. Plasmid DNA was obtained from a Rob-producing isolate, F990, and a plasmid (pBR322) known to encode TEM-1. Both plasmids were labeled with 32P and hybridized to whole cell DNA obtained from the clinical isolates. All 161 isolates hybridized with one of the plasmid probes and could be classified as TEM-1- or Rob-producing isolates. Analysis of the distinctive pH profiles of the two beta-lactamases was used to confirm the findings of the DNA hybridization assay. Overall, 13 (8%) isolates obtained from patients in California, North Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri, Louisiana, and Mississippi produced the Rob beta-lactamase. The remaining isolates elaborated the TEM-1 enzyme. We conclude that ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae may be mediated by the production of Rob beta-lactamase and that the occurrence of this enzyme is not limited to the two isolates described to date. PMID- 3257783 TI - Evidence for a high attack rate and efficacy of erythromycin prophylaxis in a pertussis outbreak in a facility for the developmentally disabled. AB - During an outbreak of pertussis in residents and staff of a facility for the developmentally disabled, 149 persons had laboratory evidence of Bordetella pertussis infection; 130 (87%) reported respiratory illness. Infection rates (IR) in affected wards ranged from 6% to 91%. Most residents were adolescents and adults and had received a full course of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis (DTP) vaccine; IRs increased with increasing time after the last DTP dose in fully vaccinated residents. The IR was lower in residents on wards where erythromycin treatment/prophylaxis was started two or fewer weeks after the onset of illness in the first case on the ward (IR, 16%), compared with four or more weeks after onset (IR, 75%; P less than 10(-6)). Respiratory symptoms were milder in ill residents treated within seven days of onset of illness. Although B. pertussis transmission was substantial, erythromycin treatment of patients and prophylaxis of exposed persons was effective in decreasing transmission and disease severity. Carbamazepine toxicity occurred in seven (19%) of 37 residents when carbamazepine was administered with erythromycin. PMID- 3257785 TI - Immunologic correlates of the hyperresponsive syndrome of loiasis. AB - The usual clinical picture of loiasis in long-term visitors to endemic areas differs from that in residents of these areas, with allergic symptoms, hypergammaglobulinemia, profound hypereosinophilia, and increased serum levels of IgE being more prominent. In further analyzing the immunologic correlates of this apparent hyperreactivity in 20 patients, we have found the following: (1) parasite-specific IgG (in all) and IgE (in some) were extremely elevated in the patients; (2) qualitative analysis by immunoblotting indicated multiple antigens recognized by both IgG and IgE antibodies in these patients; (3) filaria antigen specific, lymphocyte proliferative immune responses were vigorous in all patients and, in each individual, exceed the response to other soluble antigens; (4) spontaneous and antigen-driven, parasite-specific antibody production in vitro was elevated in all six patients studied; (5) there was a significant increase in the ratio of CD4/CD8+ T cells. These observations suggest that both specific dysregulation of the immune response to the parasite antigen, as well as nonspecific immune activation, accounts for the clinically apparent hyperresponsive state seen in expatriates acquiring loiasis. PMID- 3257786 TI - Use of Pneumocystis carinii genomic DNA clones for DNA hybridization analysis of infected human lungs. PMID- 3257787 TI - Detection and treatment of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus resistant to penicillinase-resistant penicillins. PMID- 3257788 TI - Concentrations of immunoreactive human tumor necrosis factor alpha produced by human mononuclear cells in vitro. AB - The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) produced by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were measured using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human TNF. This was developed using a rabbit antiserum against human recombinant TNF (Hu rTNF), and Hu rTNF labeled with Na125I by a modification of the chloramine T method. This RIA does not detect human lymphotoxin, interleukin-1 alpha or beta, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, interferon alpha or gamma, granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and C5a des arg. A good correlation (r = 0.89) was found between the RIA and the cytolytic bioassay for TNF. The sensitivity of the RIA is between 3 and 78 pg/ml (median 11 pg/ml). The mean concentration of TNF in 24-h culture supernatants of human MNC exposed to different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to increase in dose-dependent fashion and then level off between 50 and 100 ng/ml. The concentrations of IL-1 beta and alpha detected by specific RIAs in these supernatants were between 0.2 and 19 ng/ml and 0.04 and 1 ng/ml, respectively. The amount of TNF produced by human MNC in vitro was determined in a cohort of 50 normal volunteers. Without exogenous stimuli, TNF concentrations were almost always below the detection limit; with 0.5 ng/ml LPS, the median concentration of TNF was 2 ng/ml, and with PHA the median was 3.8 ng/ml. In cultures performed in the presence of indomethacin significantly (p less than 0.005) more TNF was produced. Using this RIA, we could detect TNF in the circulation of mice injected with Hu rTNF. When plasma samples of patients with febrile illnesses were added directly to the RIA, TNF was not detectable, with the exception of patients with malaria. These studies demonstrate the range and sensitivity of LPS-induced and mitogen-induced production of immunoreactive TNF by human MNC in vitro without interference of similar cytokines in bioassays. PMID- 3257789 TI - Lectin interactions with the Jurkat leukemic T-cell line: quantitative binding studies and interleukin-2 production. AB - Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pea lectin, and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) have been used to investigate their binding properties to Jurkat 77 6.8 leukemic human T cells and their ability to induce these cells to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2). Binding studies showed that the Jurkat cells fixed 0.82 +/- 0.11 microgram pea lectin, 2.02 +/- 0.17 micrograms Con A, 1.85 +/- 0.07 micrograms PHA and 8.88 +/- 0.61 micrograms WGA. Scatchard plots were linear, indicating that the binding process was homogeneous with respect to the binding constant. PHA and Con A bound with the highest affinity [Kass (apparent) approximately equal to 9 x 10(9) M-1], followed by pea lectin and WGA [Kass (apparent) approximately equal to 3 x 10(9) M-1]. The number of lectin binding sites was in agreement with the results of saturation experiments. We also evaluated the effect of the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the binding process. Results show that there were no gross alterations in the value of (apparent) Kass in the case of PHA and WGA. In contrast, the presence of TPA decreased the affinity of Con A and modified the Scatchard profile for pea lectin, which was curvilinear with a concavity turned upward. In this case, data were (apparent) K1 = 17.7 x 10(9) M-1 ("high-affinity" sites) and (apparent) K2 = 2.6 x 10(9) M-1 ("low-affinity" sites). The four lectins shared the ability to stimulate Jurkat 77 6.8 cells to secrete IL-2. Optimal lectin concentrations were 20 micrograms/ml (PHA) and 50 micrograms/ml (WGA and Con A). Pea lectin failed to display a dose-response relationship, and IL-2 production increased proportionally with lectin concentration. Con A was the most efficient stimulator (250 U/ml), followed by WGA (160 U/ml) and PHA (108 U/ml). Addition of TPA potentiated Jurkat cell response. In this case, Con A and pea lectin were the most efficient stimulators (470 U/ml), followed by PHA (316 U/ml) and WGA (271 U/ml). Here, also, pea lectin failed to show a dose-response relationship. Our data do not reveal an obvious relationship between the binding parameters and the ability of the lectins to induce IL-2 production. We suggest that the efficiency of the four lectins to stimulate IL-2 production in the case of the Jurkat 77 6.8 variant is most likely related to the nature of their specific cell surface receptor(s). PMID- 3257790 TI - Differential presentation of tolerogenic immunoglobulin in vivo by macrophages and by a lymphoid dendritic cell-like tumor line. AB - Previous work indicated that macrophages and a lymphoid dendritic cell-like tumor line, P388AD.2, possessed a differential ability to present a haptenated immunoglobulin (tolerogen) in vitro. Macrophages presented fluorescein-conjugated sheep gamma globulin (FL-SGG) and elicited B-cell unresponsiveness. In contrast, P388AD.2 presented this normally tolerogenic signal as an immunogenic one and induced augmented anti-hapten antibody responses. The objective of the present study was to determine whether differential tolerogen presentation could occur in vivo using defined accessory cells pulsed with FL-SGG. Interestingly, the intravenous (IV) injection of FL-SGG-pulsed thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, which secreted prostaglandin E2, induced hapten-specific B-cell unresponsiveness in syngeneic recipients. One thousand times as much FL-SGG in soluble form was required to produce the same degree of unresponsiveness. In contrast to macrophage-elicited negative signalling, non-prostaglandin secreting P388AD.2, when pulsed with FL-SGG, induced hapten-specific responses 2-3 times control values. Moreover, as few as 2 x 10(4) FL-SGG-pulsed P388AD.2 induced significant augmentation of the anti-FL antibody response. The presentation of FL-SGG in an immunogenic fashion by P388AD.2 was rapid and long lasting since increased responses were demonstrated as early as 1 day or as long as 21 days after IV injection. P388AD.2 were not simply acting as a passive carrier, nor permitting host presentation of FL-SGG, since there were requirements for P388AD.2 viability, and for syngeneic recipients in order to generate augmented anti-FL antibody responses. Moreover, inappropriate presentation of FL-SGG by P388AD.2 injected into allogeneic recipients did not elicit positive or negative signalling. In order to demonstrate that the ability of P388AD.2 to present FL SGG in an immunogenic fashion was not simply a property of all tumor cells, the P388D1 cell line was pulsed with FL-SGG and injected. Neither tolerance nor augmentation was induced. Overall these results demonstrate that the type of antigen-presenting cell which introduces the immune system to an immunoglobulin tolerogen is critical to the induction of B-cell unresponsiveness or priming. PMID- 3257792 TI - In situ characterization, clonogenic potential, and antitumor cytolytic activity of T lymphocytes infiltrating human brain cancers. AB - Mononuclear cells infiltrating human brain tumors were isolated from seven of nine surgical biopsy specimens. These cells were small T11+, T3+ lymphocytes that did not express DR antigens or the receptor for interleukin-2. In addition, large granular lymphocytes were recovered from two of these tumors. The clonogenic potential of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL's) was assessed by limiting dilution analysis (LDA) using a microculture system that permits proliferation of virtually 100% of normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBL-T's). In comparison to normal and autologous PBL-T's, TIL's had a strikingly reduced proliferative potential revealed by a decrease in the frequency of proliferating T lymphocyte precursors calculated by LDA. On average, only one of every 100 T cells from TIL's was able to proliferate, as compared to one of every two or all of the T cells from the patient's peripheral blood or from normal donors. Furthermore, the TIL populations showed depressed proliferative responses to the lectins phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A and to the phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. Clonal analysis performed on the proliferating microcultures from three tumors demonstrated that the majority of these clones possessed cytolytic activity against various tumor cell targets. Among clones tested for cytolytic activities with glioma cells, four lysed cultured autologous tumor cells, and the specific lysis was greater than 50% in all cases. Numerous clones with natural killer (NK)-like activity were obtained from two TIL preparations, and the frequency of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors with NK-like activity was determined for one of these preparations and was found to be higher than that in the patient's peripheral blood. Glioma cells grown in culture and then mixed with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) were capable of inhibiting the PBL's response to lectins. This inhibitory property may account in part for the observed poor clonogenicity of TIL's from brain tumors. Nevertheless, nearly all proliferating clones displayed cytotoxicity against either autologous or allogeneic tumor cell targets and may imply selective accumulation of cytolytic effector cells at the tumor site. PMID- 3257791 TI - Two ATP-activated conductances in bullfrog atrial cells. AB - Currents activated by extracellular ATP were studied in single voltage-clamped bullfrog atrial cells. Rapid application of ATP elicited currents carried through two different conductance pathways: a rapidly desensitizing conductance reversing near -10 mV, and a maintained, inwardly rectifying conductance reversing near -85 mV. ATP activated the desensitizing component of current with a K 1/2 of approximately 50 microM and the maintained component with a K 1/2 of approximately 10 microM. Both types of current were activated by ATP but not by adenosine, AMP, or ADP. The desensitizing current was selectively inhibited by alpha, beta-methylene ATP, and the maintained, inwardly rectifying current was selectively suppressed by extracellular Cs. The desensitizing component of current was greatly reduced when extracellular Na was replaced by N methylglucamine, but was slightly augmented when Na was replaced by Cs. GTP, ITP, and UTP were all ineffective in activating the desensitizing current, and of a variety of ATP analogues, only ATP-gamma-S was effective. Addition of EGTA or BAPTA to the intracellular solution did not obviously affect the desensitizing current. Fluctuation analysis of currents through the desensitizing conductance suggested that current is carried through ionic channels with a small (less than pS) unitary conductance. PMID- 3257793 TI - Intraventricular arachnoid cyst. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients with intraventricular arachnoid cysts are reported and a brief review of the relevant literature is presented. Arachnoid cysts are usually extracerebral or extraventricular. Intraventricular arachnoid cysts are rare: including the two cases reported here, only five cases have been described. The following characteristics were noted in these five patients: all were young; headache was the initial symptom in four; the cyst was in the trigone of a lateral ventricle in four; and there was dilatation of the inferior horn in three. PMID- 3257794 TI - Epiphyseal replacement using developing tissue donors in a murine model: a combined histologic and radiographic study. AB - Epiphyseal transplantation has long been a goal of orthopaedic surgeons. While microvascular surgery has raised hopes that this goal could be achieved, factors other than blood supply also appear capable of affecting the function of the epiphysis. Basic research into the biology of the epiphysis appears to be required. This would be facilitated with a model of epiphyseal transplantation using a small mammal. The purpose of this experiment was to develop such a model in the mouse. Developing CD1 mouse or Lewis rat limb tissue was used to replace knee tissue that had been resected from CD1 postnatal mouse hosts. Donor tissue ranged from 14-day embryonic mouse to 9-day postnatal mouse or 18- and 19-day fetal rat, which has a gestation similar to the mouse. The murine tissue is known to be avascular prior to the sixth postnatal day. The limbs were analyzed radiographically and histologically. The results show that epiphyseal replacement could be studied using developing tissue donors in a murine model. The results suggest that donor tissue prior to vascularization and tissue combinations with the least developmental time mismatch (the least heterochronicity) produced relatively the best, although still abnormal epiphyses. PMID- 3257795 TI - X-linked congenital stationary night blindness with myopia and nystagmus without clinical complaints of nyctalopia. AB - Seven of eight patients presented initially or were followed for decreased acuity and nystagmus without complaints of night blindness. The diagnosis of congenital stationary night blindness was established with electroretinogram and dark adaptation testing. Careful electrodiagnostic testing is needed to provide accurate genetic counseling. Two patients showed pupillary constriction to darkness which is a sign of retinal disease in young patients. PMID- 3257796 TI - Sjogren's syndrome and pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma presenting with skin involvement. PMID- 3257797 TI - Macrophage colony-stimulating factor in nerve growth factor preparations. AB - Following a report that nerve growth factor preparations have granulocyte-colony stimulating activity, we investigated the presence of colony-stimulating factors in 7s mouse submaxillary nerve growth factor and its subunits. Macrophage colonies were formed in mouse bone marrow cultures after exposure to preparations of 7s nerve growth factor, the gamma subunit, and, to a small extent, the alpha subunit; the beta subunit, which is responsible for the nerve growth function, did not stimulate colony growth. Furthermore, the esteropeptidase activity of the gamma subunit was not detected in preparations of macrophage colony-stimulating factor purified from the giant cell tumor (GCT) cell line. Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled gamma subunit with a polyclonal antibody to L-cell macrophage colony stimulating factor showed a protein band that could represent the gamma subunit of nerve growth factor. Separation of the macrophage activity from the esteropeptidase activity of the gamma subunit was accomplished on the basis of molecular size. Thus, macrophage colony-stimulating factor was a contaminant of nerve growth factor produced by the mouse submaxillary gland and copurified with the gamma subunit. PMID- 3257798 TI - 'B' stands for bursa or its equivalent, bone. PMID- 3257799 TI - Time to first new myocardial infarction in patients with severe angina and three vessel disease comparing medical and early surgical therapy: a CASS registry study of survival. AB - We compared time to first new myocardial infarction during a 6-year follow-up in patients in the registry of the Coronary Artery Surgery Study who had three vessel coronary artery disease and Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class III-IV angina pectoris. There were 679 medically treated patients and 1921 surgically treated patients in this nonrandomized comparison. A broad definition of myocardial infarction incorporating electrocardiographic and clinical criteria was used to include as many new infarctions as possible. Patients were stratified by left ventricular wall motion score and number of proximal coronary artery stenoses; after adjustment for these variables, 86% of surgical and 73% of medical patients were free of new myocardial infarction at 6 years (p less than 0.0001). This advantage of surgical treatment was observed in subgroups of patients with at least one proximal 70% (or greater) stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery and moderate or severe impairment of left ventricular function, as well as those patients with two proximal coronary artery narrowings. In a multivariate (Cox) analysis of preoperative clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic factors, early operation was the strongest predictor of freedom from new myocardial infarction. PMID- 3257800 TI - Aortic valve replacement combined with myocardial revascularization. Late results and determinants of risk for 471 in-hospital survivors. AB - Among 500 patients consecutively undergoing primary aortic valve replacement combined with coronary bypass grafting from 1967 to 1981, there were 29 (5.8%) perioperative deaths. Follow-up of the late survivors ranged from 43 to 181 months (mean 85 months); actuarial survival rates were 88%, 77%, and 52% and event-free survival rates were 80%, 65%, and 32% at 2, 5, and 10 postoperative years. Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to identify determinants of late risk. Patient-related variables associated with decreased late survival rates included advanced age, cardiothoracic ratio 50% or greater, and preoperative New York Heart Association class III or IV symptoms. Moderate or severe impairment of left ventricular function as determined by angiography and advanced age were variables that decreased late event-free survival rates. Patients with bioprostheses had better survival rates (p less than 0.001) and event-free survival rates (p = 0.012) than did patients with mechanical valves. Analyses of subgroups according to the type of valve and postoperative anticoagulant management showed that both survival and event-free survival rates were decreased for patients with mechanical valves who were not taking warfarin and were enhanced for patients with bioprostheses who were not taking warfarin. PMID- 3257801 TI - Left thoracotomy for reoperative coronary bypass. AB - The left thoracotomy approach for reoperative circumflex coronary revascularization is described in three cases. This approach is an excellent alternative to repeat sternotomy in select patients. PMID- 3257802 TI - Air embolization in coronary bypass operations. PMID- 3257803 TI - Identification of a specific marker chromosome early in tumor development in gamma-irradiated C57BL/6J mice. AB - Chromosomal changes such as aneuploidies, translocations, and gene amplification occur in many murine tumors. In this study, we have analyzed the changes in chromosomes at different stages of tumor development in C57BL/6J mice treated with gamma-irradiation or the chemical carcinogen, N-methylnitrosourea. Trisomy 15 occurred in both groups of mice regardless of inducing agent. The frequency of this event differed significantly in radiation-treated animals between stage I and stage II of the disease. A specific marker chromosome occurred only in the gamma-irradiated mice and not in the mice treated with N-methylnitrosourea. This marker consists of a translocation between chromosomes 1 and 5. It occurred in 43% of the gamma-irradiated animals at stage 1 of the disease and did not vary markedly during tumor development. In contrast, trisomy 15 increased in frequency between stages I and II of the disease in the same animals. These results suggest that the translocation event may be an early event in tumor development, whereas trisomy 15 may contribute to tumor progression. PMID- 3257804 TI - [Emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of lung diseases]. AB - Investigations of pulmonary perfusion with 99m Tc-MMA by the method of emission computed tomography (ECT) were conducted in 172 patients with different pulmonary diseases. The authors described ECT procedure of the lungs and scinti-tomographic symptomatology typical of the normal lungs and different types of pulmonary pathology (lung cancer, benign tumors, metastases and chronic inflammatory pulmonary processes). A high sensitivity of ECT as compared to poly-positional scintigraphy was shown. The obtained results suggested that ECT permitted more specified and earlier diagnosis of pulmonary perfusion disorders which was of great importance in the diagnosis of different pulmonary diseases as well as in the assessment of therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 3257806 TI - Effects of moderate physical training on prednisone-induced protein wasting: a study of whole-body and bone protein metabolism. AB - This study investigated the possibility of preventing prednisone-induced protein wasting by regular physical activity. Eight healthy untrained volunteers took prednisone (30 mg/d for nine days), once after a 4-week exercise program that consisted of jogging 2.5 miles four times a week, and once without exercise. Whole body protein turnover was measured from the 15N enrichment plateau of urinary ammonia during ingestion of 15N glycine at hourly intervals. Whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown were derived from nitrogen flux, nitrogen intake, and urinary nitrogen elimination. Muscle myofibrillar protein breakdown was explored by measuring urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion. Bone protein metabolism was studied by measuring serum bone GLA protein (BGP), a specific marker of bone protein synthesis, and urinary elimination of hydroxyproline, an index of bone resorption. Whole-body protein turnover was significantly increased by exercise and prednisone (+19% and +17%, respectively); this effect was related to increased protein synthesis during exercise training (+27%, P less than .01) and to increased protein breakdown during prednisone administration without exercise (+21%, P less than .05). In contrast, values of protein turnover, synthesis, and breakdown were not different from control when the subjects took prednisone after training. Urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine was decreased ( 15%, P less than .05) at the end of the prednisone administration period but was identical to the control value when the subjects took prednisone in association with exercise. In contrast, serum BGP was significantly decreased by prednisone, with or without exercise (-35%, P less than .001). These data suggest that moderate exercise training can prevent, at least in part, the protein loss induced by prednisone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3257805 TI - Effects of electrical muscle stimulation combined with voluntary contractions after knee ligament surgery. AB - The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of electrical muscle stimulation combined with voluntary muscle contractions with a program only with voluntary muscle contractions during immobilization in casts after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Twenty-three patients, 7 women and 16 men with a mean age of 28 yr, were randomized into two groups: an experimental group (13 patients) and a control group (10 patients). Post-operatively, the patients were immobilized for 3 wk in a full leg cast with the knee flexed at an angle of 20 degrees to 30 degrees and then in a knee cast for another 3 wk. All patients had a standard program with quadriceps muscle contractions. In addition, the experimental group received electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle 4 X 10 min, 3 times.wk-1, at a frequency of 30 Hz. During each stimulation, the patients were requested to contract the quadriceps muscle voluntarily as well. When pre-operative measurements were compared with those at the end of the immobilization period (6 wk after the operation), a significantly larger reduction in the knee extension isometric muscle strength was found for the control group than for the experimental group. In comparisons of the data of the male subjects only, this difference was still seen to be significant. The cross sectional area of the quadriceps muscle measured with computed tomography was significantly less reduced during the immobilization period in the experimental group than in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3257807 TI - Loss of endothelium-dependent relaxation in mouse cerebral microvessels may be rapidly reversible. AB - This study demonstrates that a loss of endothelium-dependent relaxation in brain microvessels can be rapidly reversible. This loss was produced by injuring the endothelium in situ with a HeNe laser in the presence of intravascular Evans blue. The noxious stimulus has previously been shown not to damage vascular smooth muscle. The loss of endothelium-dependent relaxation was manifest by loss of dilating responses to both acetylcholine (ACh) and bradykinin (BK). Both agents have been shown by others to produce an endothelium-dependent relaxation in large vessels, caused by endothelial release of one or more endothelium dependent relaxing factor(s) or EDRF(s). Previous studies have not tested for rapid return of endothelium-dependent relaxation after initial loss. In large vessels this might not be expected if reports concerning the necessary removal of large amounts of endothelium are correct. In cerebral microvessels, however, we have already shown apparent loss of EDRF following only minimal ultrastructural alteration of intact endothelial cells. The question remained whether these morphologic alterations reflected the onset of irreversible changes. The present study suggests that these cells were not irreversibly damaged, at least with respect to apparent modulation of endothelium-dependent responses. Recovery of responses to both ACh and BK occurred within 1 hr of initial injury and initial loss of endothelium-dependent relaxation. Recovery within 1 hr did not occur at the center of laser injury, but at a site of impaired response 55 micron away. Previous studies had suggested less dramatic injury of endothelium here compared with endothelium at the center of laser impact.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3257809 TI - Linguistic status subsequent to childhood immersion injury. AB - The linguistic abilities of two groups of children who had been involved in immersion incidents are reported--one group at 12 months after the immersion incident (n = 25), and the second group at five years after the immersion incident (n = 9). The performances of the two experimental groups on standardized language tests were compared with the performances of appropriate control groups that were matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. The speech and language skills of the 12-months post-immersion group and the matched control group were assessed by means of the sequenced inventory of communication development. Subjects who were assessed 12 months after the immersion injury scored significantly lower results than did control subjects on receptive and expressive language ages that were calculated as percentages of the chronological age. No differences in language scores were evident between the subjects who were at five years after the immersion incident and their control subjects as assessed by the test of language development--primary. The language abilities of the victims of an immersion incident were correlated with their neurological status at presentation to hospital. The results suggest a need to monitor the linguistic development of all children who present initially in a coma after an immersion incident. The need for a longitudinal study of the linguistic abilities of these children is indicated. PMID- 3257808 TI - Human malignant ascites and histamine-induced protein leakage from the normal microcirculation. AB - The accumulation of malignant ascites is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with intraabdominal malignancies. However, the cause of malignant ascites is unknown. In this study, we used the rat cremaster muscle preparation to determine if and how malignant ascites could produce protein leakage from normal blood vessels which would lead to fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity. The rat cremaster muscle, with nerves and blood vessels to the animal intact, was prepared for microscopic observations of the microcirculation. Serum albumin was tagged to fluorescein isothiocyanate and injected into the rat. Fluorescent microscopy was used to quantitate leakage of the tagged albumin into the interstitial tissue. Malignant ascites was collected from a patient with metastatic breast cancer. The ascites fluid was placed on the cremaster muscle and it induced protein leakage from the normal blood vessels of this tissue. Protein leakage was partially blocked by diphenhydramine (10(-4) M) and by mast cell depletion with compound 48/80. There was a high level of C3a in the malignant ascites solution but C3a did not increase during the exposure period. These data suggest that activated complement in malignant ascites may release histamine from mast cells to cause protein leakage of the normal vasculature. The movement of protein into the peritoneal cavity would be followed by water, thus increasing the volume of the ascites and exacerbating the clinical condition. PMID- 3257810 TI - Alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 3257811 TI - The purification and properties of two soluble reduced nicotinamide: acceptor oxidoreductases from Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - The occurrence of soluble reduced nicotinamide nucleotide:acceptor oxidoreductases has been reported in a number of strains of the oxygen-tolerant anaerobe Trichomonas vaginalis and other trichomonad species. The quantitatively more important enzyme in most strains of T. vaginalis is an NADH oxidase which produces water from the reduction of oxygen. This enzyme has been purified by a combination of gel filtration, chromatofocusing, Cibacron Blue chromatography and high pressure gel permeation chromatography. It is a monomeric protein with an estimated molecular mass from sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis of 98 kDa; an isoelectric point of approximately pH 5.5 and a Km for NADH of 5.4 microM. The purified NADH oxidase is significantly inactivated during turnover under air (t1/2 3.65 min) and rapidly inactivated by microM levels of hydrogen peroxide. The NADPH-dependent minor activity requires a flavin. It has been partially purified by gel filtration and chromatofocusing. The apparent molecular mass of this enzyme is 36 kDa by gel filtration; it has an isoelectric point of approximately pH 5.2 and Km values for NADPH and FMN of 16.6 microM and 6.1 microM respectively. The product of oxygen reduction by this enzyme, using FMN as acceptor is hydrogen peroxide. The possible role of these two enzymes in the cell and their affinity with related enzymes from other organisms is discussed. PMID- 3257812 TI - Swelling of metastatic tumors with high-dose interleukin therapy. PMID- 3257814 TI - NIH conclude misconduct investigation. PMID- 3257813 TI - Immunosuppression transfer by spleen cells from young to adult mice previous to Histoplasma capsulatum infection. AB - The passive transfer of spleen cells from 1 month old mice into adult syngeneic mice, abrogates their resistance to histoplasmal infection. This suppressive state was detected in two cell populations, one non-adherent and another adherent with radioresistant characteristics. The transferred spleen cells were treated by different anti-sera: anti-theta, anti-adherent cells (produced in rabbits) and monoclonal anti-Thy 1.2 respectively. The irradiated and non-irradiated adult recipient mice were infected with Histoplasma yeasts utilizing the Lethal Dose50 for 1 month old mice. The infection course was determined by death percentage, the histoplasmosis murine signs and the number of the fungal colony forming units (CFU) from the infected spleens. The results of the anti-sera treatment suggest that non-adherent as well as adherent cells participate in the suppressive phenomena. A lower number of CFU was identified in infected animals which received cells treated with anti-Thy 1.2 anti-sera. PMID- 3257815 TI - Major pro-vasopressin-expressing and pro-vasopressin-deficient subpopulations of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in normal rats. Differential distributions within the paraventricular nucleus. AB - Two approximately equal subpopulations of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) containing parvocellular axons can be identified in the external zone of the median eminence in normal (unadrenalectomized) rats: one that contains pro vasopressin (AVP)-derived peptides (i.e. AVP, AVP-associated neurophysin and the carboxy terminal glycopeptide) copackaged with CRH in secretory vesicles, and another that contains no detectable pro-AVP-derived peptides. In this study, antibodies to pro-AVP-derived peptides were used to demonstrate for the first time that similar subpopulations of CRH-containing parvocellular perikarya exist in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in normal rats treated with colchicine. Electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry was performed on serial ultrathin sections to identify neurosecretory cell perikarya containing CRH that also expressed pro-AVP peptides or pro-oxytocin-derived neurophysin. Of the CRH positive neurons that were detected, more than half stained positively for two pro-AVP peptides: AVP-associated neurophysin and the carboxy-terminal glycopeptide. Many of these cells also stained for AVP, but staining was variable, making quantitation of AVP-positive cells difficult. The remaining CRH positive neurons contained no detectable pro-AVP peptides, and less than 0.5% of these CRH perikarya contained oxytocin-associated neurophysin. In the neurons that stained positively for both CRH and the pro-AVP peptides, CRH and the pro AVP peptides were localized in the same secretory vesicles. The pro-AVP expressing and pro-AVP-deficient CRH neurons were distributed differently within the paraventricular nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3257816 TI - Ipsilateral progressive hydrocephalus due to acquired foramen of Monro obstruction: an unusual complication of brain abscess in cyanotic heart disease. A case report. AB - An unusual complication of brain abscess in cyanotic heart disease is presented. This patient, who was suffering from recurring brain abscesses at different sites was diagnosed on regular follow-up, and a metrizamide computed tomographic ventriculogram confirmed the diagnosis of foramen of Monro obstruction ipsilateral to the abscess. PMID- 3257817 TI - Gastric carcinoid presenting with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3257818 TI - Exogenous fungal endophthalmitis. AB - The authors report 19 cases of exogenous fungal endophthalmitis managed between 1969 and 1986. These developed after ocular surgery (5 cases), after trauma (6 cases), by intraocular spread from fungal keratitis (4 cases), after therapeutic keratoplasty for keratitis (3 cases), and by spontaneous infection of a filtration bleb (1 case). The diagnosis of endophthalmitis was made from 3 days to 4 months after surgery or trauma. In patients with preexisting keratitis, endophthalmitis was noted 2 weeks to 5 months after the onset of keratitis. Seventeen cases were caused by filamentous fungi; two were caused by yeast. Fusarium (6 cases) and Acremonium (3 cases) accounted for approximately one half of the isolates. Forty-two percent of the patients recovered 20/400 or better acuity (3 of 5 postoperative cases, 4 of 6 trauma cases, and 1 of 4 keratitis cases). The clinical and microbiologic features of these cases are presented, and recommendations for management are offered. PMID- 3257819 TI - Emission imaging of patients with craniomandibular dysfunction. AB - Signs and symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction in 37 patients were compared with the results of corrected cephalometric tomography and an emission imaging protocol consisting of both planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (7500 ZLC Orbiter) images. The planar images and the single photon emission computed tomography projection views were processed with a bayesian deblurring algorithm to improve image quality. The correlation of emission imaging with craniomandibular dysfunction, as indicated by temporomandibular joint pain and joint noise, showed a high sensitivity (93%) and a high specificity (86%), whereas the correlation of corrected cephalometric tomography with temporomandibular joint pain and joint noise showed a relatively high sensitivity (89%) but a low specificity (27%). These results indicate that emission imaging is a sensitive and accurate indicator of craniomandibular dysfunction. PMID- 3257821 TI - Ataxia and hypotonia in Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. PMID- 3257820 TI - Stimulus parameters for phrenic nerve pacing in infants and children. AB - Phrenic nerve pacing has been used since 1966 to support breathing in quadriplegics and patients with central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS). Recently, using low-frequency, long-inspiratory-time (Ti) stimulation, phrenic nerve pacing has been used successfully to support breathing 24 hours per day in adults and older children. However, no similar experience exists for infants and young children. Therefore, in 27 studies in 14 infants and children we determined the effects of changing Ti and interpulse interval (the inverse of stimulus frequency) on ventilation. Diaphragmatic action potentials, airflow, tidal volume, PACO2 and SaO2 were measured during sleep. Phrenic nerve pacing proved useful in 13 of 14 patients to support breathing either during wakefulness (n = 7) or during sleep (n = 6). We found that adequate ventilation could be achieved at significantly longer interpulse intervals, 95 +/- 25 (mean +/- SD) ms, and shorter Ti, 580 +/- 80 ms, than previously reported. At an average respiratory rate of 21 +/- 8 breaths/min it was thus possible to maintain adequate ventilation despite a marked reduction in the number of phrenic nerve stimuli. Theoretically, these reductions in phrenic nerve stimulation should minimize the chance of pacing-induced diaphragmatic damage. These results suggest that 24 hour per day phrenic nerve pacing may be a realistic goal in selected infants and children. PMID- 3257823 TI - Informed consent. PMID- 3257822 TI - Neurologic events following diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization. AB - The frequency of serious neurologic events following the administration of 106,000 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound was determined using a population-based case-control study with disease ascertainment through pharmacy and hospitalization records. There were no cases of acute unexplained encephalopathies in close temporal relation to vaccination. There was the new onset of one serious seizure disorder in the three days following immunization, with 1.13 expected on the basis of chance alone. PMID- 3257825 TI - Mutation in the CYP21B gene (Ile-172----Asn) causes steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. It results from a deficiency in a specific cytochrome P450, P450c21 (P450XXIA). The gene encoding this protein (CYP21B) and a closely linked pseudogene (CYP21A) are located in the HLA complex on chromosome 6p. Many mutant alleles are associated with deletions of CYP21B; we report the cloning and characterization of a nondeleted mutant CYP21B gene. This mutant gene is expressed on transfection into mouse Y1 adrenal cells, producing mRNA levels similar to those seen after transfection of the normal CYP21B gene. In codon 172 of the mutant gene, the normal codon ATC, encoding isoleucine, has been changed to AAC, encoding asparagine. This mutation is normally present in the CYP21A pseudogene, so that it may have been transferred to the mutant CYP21B gene by gene conversion. Hybridization of oligonucleotide probes corresponding to this and two other mutations normally present in CYP21A demonstrated that 4 out of 20 patients carried the codon 172 mutation; in one of these patients, the mutation was present as part of a larger gene conversion involving at least exons 3-6. Gene conversion may be a frequent cause of 21-hydroxylase deficiency alleles due to the presence of six chi-like sequences (GCTGGGG) in the CYP21 genes and the close proximity of the CYP21A pseudogene, which has several potentially deleterious mutations. PMID- 3257826 TI - [Changes in the biosynthesis of nuclear matrix proteins in the thymocytes of mice exposed to radiation and hydrocortisone]. AB - Using the method of two-dimensional electrophoresis two newly synthesized proteins with pI 6.6 and 4.8 were identified whose synthesis had been induced by gamma-rays and hydrocortisone. The elucidation of the role of the newly synthesized polypeptides may be important in understanding the mechanisms of cell death. PMID- 3257824 TI - Ligand activation of overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptors transforms NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. AB - The cell surface receptor for the mitogenic peptide epidermal growth factor (EGF) is involved in control of normal cell growth and may play a role in the genesis of human neoplasia such as squamous carcinoma and glioblastoma. Soft-agar growth and focus-formation experiments with NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts transfected with an expression plasmid demonstrated the ligand-dependent transforming potential of the human EGF receptor without structural alterations. Activation of overexpressed normal receptor alone appears to be sufficient for transformation of NIH 3T3 cells in vitro. PMID- 3257827 TI - [Changes in the biosynthesis of nuclear proteins in the thymocytes of mice exposed to radiation and hydrocortisone]. AB - Biosynthesis of nuclear proteins of mouse thymocytes affected by gamma-radiation and hydrocortisone was studied using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The two lympholytic agents were shown both to inhibit and to induce certain protein synthesis. The appearance of the same polypeptides after exposure to radiation and hydrocortisone indicated that these proteins possibly contribute to the implementation of the cell death programme. PMID- 3257828 TI - [Participation of the NAD-poly(ADP ribose) system in the degradation of chromatin in irradiated thymocytes]. AB - The diminution of NAD level in mouse thymus lymphocytes precedes their death under the effect of various genotoxic agents and manifests itself by the time of the onset of chromatin degradation. At the same time, in vitro, NAD does not influence the activity of micrococcus nuclease of Ca2+,Mg2+-dependent endonuclease from human spleen. Stimulation of protein poly(ADP-ribosylation) by exogenous NAD does not change the sensitivity of chromatin to micrococcus nuclease. In contrast to hepatocytes, in the thymus, no inhibition of Ca2+,Mg2+ endonuclease, resulting from ADP-ribosylation, occurs which may be due to low activity of ADP-ribosyl transferase in thymocytes. Incubation of thymus lymphocytes with benzamide prior to irradiation does not inhibit chromatin degradation. It is suggested that the decrease in the NAD level is one of the indications of the injury to thymocytes which is not related to the induction of their death. In contrast to thymocytes, the pretreatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with benzamide produces a radiosensitizing effect. PMID- 3257829 TI - [Rejection of organ grafts: correlations of immunologic mechanisms and anatomic lesions]. PMID- 3257830 TI - [Acute hyperkalemia and non-oliguric kidney failure during treatment with indomethacin, allopurinol, nifedipine, hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and acetylsalicylic acid]. PMID- 3257831 TI - Clinical and experimental study of pancreatic exocrine function after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary carcinoma. AB - The residual pancreatic exocrine function before and after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for periampullary carcinoma was studied clinically as well as experimentally. In clinical instances (n = 35), the N-Benzoyl-L Tyrosil-p-Aminobenzoic Acid test (BTPABA test) before and within two months after PD revealed reduction of the function compared with those in the control study. However, the test result one year after PD was improved compared with those before and within two months after operation, without differences from that of the control group. In new canine PD models in which drainage of the pancreatic duct, 50 per cent pancreatectomy and duodenojejunectomy were performed after three months of pancreatic duct obstruction, fibrosis surrounding the pancreatic duct was disclosed. However, the results of examination five months after PD revealed a milder degree of pancreatic fibrosis without aggravation of the lesion. The aforementioned findings indicated that the exocrine pancreas before PD was impaired due to obstructive pancreatitis and that the postoperative pancreatic function was well preserved at the level close to that in the control group even after approximately 50 per cent resection of the pancreas, if pancreatic duct drainage was effectively performed. PMID- 3257832 TI - Thymic lymphopoiesis and cholinergic innervation. AB - This study was carried out to determine whether the thymic rudiments implanted into the anterior eye chambers of syngenic hosts receive cholinergic neuronal input from the host, similar to the adrenergic neuronal input into the implants, observed in previous studies. In addition, the study was also aimed at examining the effect of this (cholinergic) neuronal input on thymic lymphopoiesis. 13/14 day-old fetal thymic rudiments were implanted into the anterior eye chambers of syngenic (BALB/c) mice. They were removed at weekly intervals and examined for the presence of cholinergic nerves by localising choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT) containing nerves using an immunofluorescence method. The host animals had been subjected to surgical sympathectomy on the right side about one week prior to the implantation. The results provide evidence, for the first time, for the presence of cholinergic nerves on the basis of immunocytochemical localisation of ChAT positive nerves in a developing thymic rudiment in vivo. They also indicate that the presence of these nerves is associated with an increased thymic lymphopoiesis. The inter-relationship between the presence of cholinergic nerves and the maturation of thymocytes and their immunoreactivity is being further investigated. PMID- 3257833 TI - Multivariate analysis of risk factors for sensitization and early rejection episodes in a donor-specific transfusion plus azathioprine protocol. AB - A total of 205 patients who underwent donor-specific transfusions with azathioprine (DST+AZA) treatment from 1982 to 1987 included 25 patients (12%) who developed antibodies cytotoxic to donor T cells (+T warm crossmatch). When we examined a series of 14 variables in relation to the risk of sensitization using a univariate analysis, panel-reactive antibody (PRA) pre-DST of greater than 40%, pregnancy, female sex, male-to-female DST, and HLA antigen match all were significant (P less than .05) risk factors. Of these variables, only PRA pre-DST greater than 40% proved to be statistically significant (P less than .002) in a multivariate logistic regression model (overall P less than .001). Of those patients who went on to transplant with the donor-specific kidney, 41/170 (24%) developed early on or before day 5 posttransplant) rejection episodes. Univariate analysis of 17 variables in relation to early (less than 5 days) rejection episodes indicated no significant variables. Nonetheless using a multivariate logistic regression model (overall P = .09), HLA match (P less than .004), perioperative transfusions (P less than .05), and azathioprine withdrawal for greater than 1 week during DST (P less than .05) all correlated with the incidence of early rejection episodes. In a smaller multivariate model involving 47 patients for whom MLC/blocking factor data were available, the presence of plasma blocking factor at the time of transplant was associated with a decreased incidence of early rejection (P = .07). We conclude that the factors that influence the rate of T+ sensitization are distinct from those that influence the rate of early rejection episodes in a DST+AZA protocol. PMID- 3257835 TI - In vitro proliferative and cytotoxic responses against Xenopus minor histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 3257834 TI - An assessment of flow cytometric lymphocyte subset monitoring in peripheral blood of rats as a method of detecting recipient recognition or rejection of murine endocrine xenografts. PMID- 3257836 TI - Isolation of a cDNA clone for the murine CD4 antigen. PMID- 3257837 TI - Lumbar disc surgery and variations in C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the complement split product C 3 d. AB - Lumbar disc surgery was performed in fifty consecutive patients and variation in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), complement C 3 d, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels before and after surgery were recorded. Preoperative values were within normal limits in all patients. Postoperatively, CRP increased immediately, with a maximum of 28.5 mg/l on the 2nd day and were normalized within 6 days. The maximum ESR elevation occurred after the 6th day and was followed by a slow decrease. After 12 weeks some patients still had an elevated ESR. Plasma C 3 varied pari passu with the ESR. Uncomplicated recovery after lumbar disc surgery seems to be indicated by a normalization of CRP, regardless of ESR values. Therefore, ESR may not be so useful as an indicator of disc space inflammation as previously accepted. PMID- 3257838 TI - Effects of cerebellar retractions on the cochlear nerve: an experimental study on rhesus monkeys. AB - Cerebellar retractions were performed in the cerebellopontine (CP) angle of rhesus monkeys to study the relationship between changes in brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and/or compound action potentials (CAP) from the cochlear nerve, and morphological changes in the cochlear nerve in order to investigate the nature of cochlear nerve injuries caused by this surgical procedure. The changes in the BAEP and/or CAP from the cochlear nerve that were seen during cerebellar retraction were similar to those seen in human patients during operation. After completion of each experiment the temporal bones were prepared for histological examination. Hemorrhages often developed at the fundus of the internal auditory canal as a direct result of cerebellar retraction. These hemorrhages were located at the area cribrosa, where the branches of the internal auditory artery penetrate the cribriform plate. As the hemorrhages appeared to be due to avulsion rupture of these branches, they were considered to be the probable cause of the sudden loss of all the components of the auditory responses. The cochlear nerve fibers, especially those at the basal turn of the cochlea, avulsed simultaneously at the area cribrosa in most cases. PMID- 3257839 TI - Improved survival up to four years after early coronary thrombolysis. AB - The long-term prognosis after thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unknown. This question was investigated in a 4 year follow-up study of 227 patients. According to the status of reperfusion at the end of the acute catheterization, the patients were divided into a patent (n = 171) and an occluded (n = 56) group. Both hospital and 4-year mortality rates were significantly reduced in the patent group by 13 and 14%, respectively (p less than or equal to 0.005 for both). Baseline variables known to be important for prognosis did not differ between the 2 groups. Patients with a patent infarct artery who underwent early acute coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) had a greater survival (p less than 0.10) and better left ventricular function (p less than 0.01) than did patients with a patent infarct artery who did not undergo CABG. This difference was associated with a lower frequency of fatal reinfarction and cardiogenic shock in the CABG group. Thus, survival is improved up to 4 years after successful thrombolysis and appears to be further enhanced by early CABG. PMID- 3257840 TI - Recovery of severe ischemic ventricular dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3257841 TI - Spasm of saphenous veins used as conduits for aortocoronary bypass grafting. PMID- 3257842 TI - Antibody response of children to measles vaccine mixed with diphtheria-pertussis tetanus or diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-poliomyelitis vaccine. AB - The feasibility of giving measles vaccine mixed with either diphtheria-pertussis tetanus (DPT) or DPT-poliomyelitis (DPTP) vaccine was investigated to simplify the routine immunization schedule. Children 12 to 18 months of age, due for measles immunization, were given measles vaccine alone or mixed with DPT or DPTP. Their prevaccination and four-weeks postvaccination serum samples were tested for the measles virus hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer. Although 191 children completed the study, only 160 were initially seronegative. The seroconversion rates and geometric mean antibody titers in children given measles vaccine alone, mixed with DPT, or mixed with DPTP were 98%, 96.3%, and 96.4% and 41, 53, and 53, respectively. Local and systemic reactions were no more frequent in children given the mixture of vaccines than in children given DPTP alone. In summary, injecting measles vaccine mixed with DPT or DPTP did not diminish its immunogenic potency or increase adverse reactions. We believe that freshly mixed measles and DPT or DPTP vaccines can be given together, thus avoiding two separate injections. PMID- 3257843 TI - Bone and mineral metabolism in adult celiac disease. AB - Bone mineral density (125I photon absorptiometry) was lower in 20 untreated adult celiac patients than in sex- and age-matched controls (p less than 0.001), and plasma alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine levels were higher than normal (p less than 0.05, less than 0.001, less than 0.05, respectively). Gluten-free diet was started, and the patients were divided randomly into two treatment groups, one which received oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D 50 micrograms/day and one which did not. After 12 months' treatment, bone turnover markers showed a decrease, which did not reach statistical significance, and bone mineral density did not show significant modifications compared with base line in either group. It was found that a gluten free diet followed for 1 yr can prevent further bone loss, but no significant differences were detected between the two groups. PMID- 3257844 TI - Smoking habits of 800,000 American men and women in relation to their occupations. AB - The distribution of cigarette smoking (as well as of cigar and pipe smoking in men) by occupation was examined in over 800,000 men and women age 45-70 who were enrolled in the American Cancer Society's prospective study in 1982. Striking variations were seen for men--less striking variations for women. Smoking rates were significantly higher in groups exposed to a number of occupational hazards, compared to groups not so exposed. A considerable amount of variation is related to social class, but some individual occupations exhibit notably high (law enforcement) or low (clergy) smoking rates. This information can be quite useful in planning morbidity or mortality studies of specific occupational groups or in analyzing data from existing studies. PMID- 3257845 TI - Language disorders and attention deficit disorders in young children referred for psychiatric services: analysis of prevalence and a conceptual synthesis. AB - Nearly two-thirds of a group of preschool children referred for psychiatric outpatient services were found to have language disorders when assessed by standardized procedures, a higher number than reported in previous studies. Significant interrelationships between language disorders and attention deficit disorders were found. Analyses of prevalence rates, gender ratios, and selected psychosocial factors led to reformulation of approaches to assessment and treatment of young children with severe psychiatric problems. PMID- 3257846 TI - Single capillary permeability to proteins having similar size but different charge. AB - We investigated the hypothesis that solute charge modulates transcapillary exchange in microvessels with continuous endothelium. Two globular proteins, alpha-lactalbumin and ribonuclease, having approximately the same size (mol wt 14,176 and 13,683, respectively) but different net charge (-10 and +4, respectively) were test solutes. Each solute was labeled with the fluorescent probe tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. Labeling did not significantly change solute size, but increased negative charge on each solute by one valency unit. An in vivo fluorescent microscope technique [Huxley et. al., Am. J. Physiol. 252 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 21): H188-H197, 1987] was used to measure solute permeability coefficients (P) in single microvessels of frog mesentery at 14-16 degrees C. The mean P for alpha-lactalbumin, measured when capillary pressure was 10 cmH2O, was 2.1 X 10(-6) cm/s and the mean P for ribonuclease was 4.3 X 10(-6) cm/s. Our results conform to the hypothesis that the transcapillary pathways of frog mesenteric microvessels are negatively charged. With the use of a Donnan type model for electrostatic partitioning, charge density in the pathway is estimated as 11.4 meq/l. Comparison of measured Ps with those for small solutes in frog mesenteric microvessels indicates that molecular size is a proportionally more significant determinant of solute permeability in continuous capillaries than is solute charge. PMID- 3257847 TI - O2 modulation of single-vessel hydraulic conductance. AB - To investigate the response of the microvascular endothelial barrier to O2 lack, hydraulic conductivities (Lp) were compared under control and hypoxic conditions. In 29 decerebrate frogs (Rana pipiens) the mesentery was exposed and continuously superfused with room air-equilibrated frog Ringer (14 degrees C, pH 7.4). Single mesenteric microvessels (15- to 50-microm diam) were cannulated and perfused with frog Ringer containing 5-40 mg/ml bovine serum albumin and 5-10% (vol/vol) human erythrocytes. The modified Landis technique was used to measure transmural water flux per unit area (Jv/S) from marker red cell movement at pressures ranging from 15 to 45 cmH2O. In 21 vessels, a 10-min superfusion with 100% N2-equilibrated Ringer increased Lp 2.4-fold (+/- 0.72 SD) over control (P less than or equal to 0.05). In an additional six vessels, simultaneous exposure to 100% N2 equilibrated perfusate and superfusate resulted in a 10-fold (+/- 3.0) increase in Lp (P less than or equal to 0.05). In 15 of the vessels, a 10- to 75-min reexposure to control conditions decreased Lp, averaging a 77% recovery toward base line. These data support an active role for O2 in the regulation of microvascular membrane permeability, which appears to be sensitive to the severity of O2 lack. The rapid increase in capillary water conductivity following exposure to hypoxic conditions may be the initial process in the events leading to edema formation. PMID- 3257848 TI - Prevalence of panic attacks in a nonclinical sample. PMID- 3257849 TI - Initial control of bleeding from esophageal varices with the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. Experience in 82 patients. AB - The records of 82 patients treated with the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube for massive bleeding from esophageal varices have been reviewed. Initial control of hemorrhage was obtained in 78 patients (95 percent). Six patients suffered major nonfatal complications, including bronchial aspiration (five patients) and esophageal rupture (one patient). Twenty-one patients rebled after balloon deflation and underwent emergency portal disconnection of the esophagus with a clip. The other patients underwent elective operation. Long-term survival rates were 49 percent at 1 year, 35 percent at 5 years, and 14 percent at 10 years. Ninety-four percent of the patients were free of recurrent variceal bleeding, as proved by endoscopy, at 1 year, 90 percent at 5 years, and 77 percent at 10 years. This study shows that temporary use of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube for the initial control of acutely bleeding esophageal varices is effective and relatively safe. In our experience, methods for the prevention of complications were early endotracheal intubation in patients under anesthesia, avoidance of traction on the tube, and a period of tamponade not exceeding 24 hours. PMID- 3257850 TI - Electric shock does not save snakebitten rats. AB - A team of missionary doctors from Ecuador recently described striking success in the treatment of venomous snakebites with a series of brief, high-voltage, low current electric shocks applied to the bit site. We designed a randomized, controlled, blinded test of their methods in laboratory rats. Venom of the fer-de lance, Bothrops atrox, was injected subcutaneously into rats in a series of increasing doses. Half of each dose group then was shocked with a device used by the Ecuadoran group. Envenomated animals developed hemorrhagic ulcers at the injection sites, the size of which was strongly related to venom dose. Electric shock did not influence the development of morbidity or the eventual ulcer size in sublethally envenomated animals, nor did shocks reduce mortality in lethally envenomated animals. We conclude that shocks are without effect on snakebitten rats, and we discuss implications of our findings for the treatment of snakebitten human beings. PMID- 3257851 TI - Characterization of sheep alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. Important differences from the human protein. AB - The plasma proteinase inhibitor corresponding to alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1Pl) in humans was isolated from sheep plasma. Ovine alpha 1Pl is of higher molecular weight (62,000 daltons) than is human alpha 1Pl, is resistant to chemical oxidation by N-chlorosuccinimide, and has poor elastase-inactivating power compared with the corresponding inhibitor in humans. However, ovine alpha 1Pl is a potent trypsin inhibitor. Despite the differences indicated above, a partial homology (22 to 35%) exists between human and sheep alpha 1Pl, at least as analyzed through the first 20 residues of the sheep inhibitor. The weak elastase-inhibitory capacity of sheep alpha 1Pl is paralleled by the low content of elastase in the sheep neutrophil granule. These important differences between sheep and human neutrophils and plasma proteinase inhibitors should be borne in mind in designing experiments related to proteolytically mediated lung injury in the former species. PMID- 3257852 TI - T-lymphocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from normal subjects and patients with sarcoidosis are refractory to proliferative signals. AB - Granuloma formation in the lung of patients with sarcoidosis is preceded by the accumulation of large numbers of activated T-lymphocytes, which results, at least in part, from the proliferation of T-lymphocytes within the lung. To determine whether the increased proliferation of lung T-lymphocytes in sarcoidosis results from a failure of mechanisms responsible for limiting their proliferation, we have compared the ability of purified T-lymphocytes present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood from normal subjects and patients with sarcoidosis to respond to proliferative signals. The mitogen-induced proliferative response of lavage T-lymphocytes from normal subjects and patients with sarcoidosis was similar, but the response of lavage T-lymphocytes was much less than that observed using normal or sarcoid blood T-lymphocytes. The reduced proliferative response of sarcoid lavage T-lymphocytes could not be overcome by addition of accessory cells or exogenous interleukin-2, and it did not result from the presence of suppressor cells. Furthermore, sarcoid lavage lymphocytes are capable of being activated by "mitogenic" signals, as indicated by the ability of phytohemagglutinin to induce expression of the 4F2 surface antigen and stimulate interleukin-2 production. However, the expression of interleukin-2 receptors was reduced on stimulated sarcoid lavage T-lymphocytes compared with that observed on normal blood T-lymphocytes, which may account in part for their reduced proliferative capacity. Because mechanisms that render lavage T lymphocytes from normal subjects refractory to proliferative signals appear to operate in sarcoidosis as well, these findings suggest that a defect in the inhibition of T-lymphocyte proliferation is unlikely to be an important cause of lymphocyte accumulation in this disorder. PMID- 3257853 TI - Ampicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol resistant Haemophilus influenzae in adults with chronic lung disease. Relationship of resistance to prior antimicrobial therapy. AB - Antibiotic resistance in 1,003 sputum isolates of Haemophilus influenzae from adults with chronic lung disease was assessed from January 1983 through June 1986. The incidence of resistance was 3.2% for tetracycline, 0.6% for chloramphenicol, and 12.5% for ampicillin. Resistance to ampicillin or tetracycline usually occurred alone, while 100% of chloramphenicol resistant isolates were co-resistant to tetracycline or ampicillin. More than 90% of antibiotic resistant isolates were nontypable and belonged to biotypes II, III, or V. Chart reviews of 331 patients revealed that patients with ampicillin resistant isolates were more likely than control subjects to have received ampicillin in the prior 6 wk (33% versus 6%, p less than 0.0001), whereas patients with isolates resistant to tetracycline or chloramphenicol plus tetracycline were more likely to have received tetracycline than control subjects (24% and 50%, respectively, versus 5%, p less than 0.005). The incidence of ampicillin resistance and the reluctance of physicians caring for adults to use chloramphenicol suggests that a newer cephalosporin such as cefotaxime may be the initial therapy of choice for severe H. influenzae disease in our patient population. PMID- 3257854 TI - Blindness from misuse of over-the-counter eye medications. AB - Blindness from misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) eye drop preparations is reported. This is a previously unreported category of visual loss. Four eyes were blinded in three patients who used OTC preparations when they suffered angle closure glaucoma. Another eye suffered a reduction in vision from 20/20 to 20/200 when the patient treated a subluxed lens implant with OTC preparations for three months. The motivating factors for self treatment by individuals are discussed. These include advertising, lack of education, and a desire to reduce the cost of health care. Since the common OTC eye drops contain alpha-receptor stimulators, it is possible that they may either augment existing mydriasis or precipitate it if used in excessive amounts. It is difficult to estimate the number of cases of blindness from misuse of OTC eye drops. Education of the public about the dangers of self diagnosis and treatment of health problems including the red eye is necessary. PMID- 3257856 TI - Regressing atypical histiocytosis: the controversy continues. PMID- 3257855 TI - Metabolic mapping of the oculomotor system in MPTP-induced parkinsonian monkeys. AB - The quantitative autoradiographic 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method was used to map the distribution of alterations of local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (lCMRGlc) in the oculomotor system of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine-(MPTP)-induced parkinsonian monkeys. The lCMRGlc was decreased in the frontal eye fields and in the paralamellar mediodorsal thalamus in the parkinsonian monkeys as compared to normal controls. No changes in lCMRGlc were observed in other areas of the oculomotor system. L-Dopa therapy reversed the oculomotor symptoms in these monkeys, as well as the decrease of lCMRGlc in the frontal eye fields and the paralamellar mediodorsal thalamus. Because the frontal eye fields are known to be involved in the initiation of voluntary saccades, these findings suggest a functional anatomical basis for the oculomotor deficits in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3257857 TI - T-cell receptor gene rearrangements. Progress and promise. PMID- 3257858 TI - Poikilodermatous mycosis fungoides and atrophic large-plaque parapsoriasis exhibit similar abnormalities of T-cell antigen expression. AB - We studied the immunohistologic findings of skin biopsy specimens from 21 patients with poikiloderma (14 with mycosis fungoides [MF] and seven with atrophic large-plaque parapsoriasis [ALPP]). Both types of poikiloderma were similar with regard to T-cell antigen expression. In each case, most T cells expressed the CD4+ (helper/inducer) phenotype and lacked Leu-8 antigen. T cells were also deficient in Leu-9 antigen in most cases (MF, 11/14 [79%]; ALPP, 4/7 [57%]). These T-cell antigen deficiencies are similar to those described previously in various types of MF and indicate that such deficiencies are common in minimally infiltrated, patch-stage MF lesions. Because combined Leu-8/Leu-9 antigen deficiencies are uncommon in inflammatory skin diseases, our findings are consistent with the view that ALPP is an early form of MF, as had been suggested previously by results of clinicopathologic studies. PMID- 3257859 TI - Aberrant immunophenotypes in mycosis fungoides. AB - Skin biopsy specimens from 40 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) were examined by a selective procedure for the assessment of immunophenotypic deviation. In 19 cases (48%), aberrant phenotypes were detected. Type and degree of aberration differed greatly without apparent clinicopathologic correlation. Different phenotypes in the same patient occurring either simultaneously or during the course of the diseases were observed. Phenotypic aberration showed a statistically significant correlation with tumor stage MF, the large cerebriform tumor cell type, blast cell transformation, and diffuse dermal infiltration. In combination with longer-existing disease, more lymph node and visceral involvement and a higher mortality rate of MF in the aberrant group indicated an association with advanced disease. Its prognostic relevance for the individual patient, however, seemed limited because of the association of aberration and a long-lasting indolent course in many other patients. The assessment of phenotypic aberration formed a valuable contribution to the diagnosis of MF, especially in cases with little cellular atypia. PMID- 3257860 TI - Dermochondrocorneal dystrophy (Francois' syndrome). Report of a case. AB - Dermochondrocorneal dystrophy (Francois' syndrome) is an extremely rare disorder characterized by firm, nodular lesions involving the hands and the face; osteochondrodystrophy of the peripheral extremital bones, resulting in limitation of movement; and corneal dystrophy marked by white or brownish opacities. A nonfamilial case of dermochondrocorneal dystrophy was studied in a 45-year-old woman who had severe involvement of the gingival and palatal mucous membranes. PMID- 3257861 TI - Autoimmunity to La (SS-B) in vitro is related to HLA-DR3 in healthy subjects. AB - In patients with Sjogren's syndrome 50-90% of those who have anti-La (SS-B) in their serum are HLA-DR3 positive. To investigate the relation between DR3 and anti-La antibody production 18 healthy subjects were divided into nine pairs, each matched for age and sex, containing one DR3 positive individual and one with a different DR type. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from each pair were cultured with varying doses of pokeweed mitogen and supernatants from nine day cultures assayed for antibodies to La, nRNP/Sm, and DNA by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified antigens. In each case peak anti-La secretion was greater in the DR3 positive subject than in the matched DR3 negative individual; in contrast, there was no consistent difference in levels of anti-DNA or anti-nRNP/Sm secretion. This specificity of enhanced autoantibody response in healthy individuals after polyclonal activation suggests that anti-La production may be under the control of genes linked to DR3. PMID- 3257862 TI - Trauma and seronegative spondyloarthropathy: rapid joint destruction in peripheral arthritis triggered by physical injury. AB - Two B27 positive patients developed peripheral arthritis immediately after a significant musculoskeletal injury. Unlike previously reported peripheral arthritis precipitated by trauma in B27 positive subjects the arthritis was rapidly destructive. PMID- 3257863 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 3257864 TI - Intraoperative colonoscopy. AB - From 1973 to 1985, we performed intraoperative colonoscopy on 68 patients with indications as follows: location of a previous polypectomy site (44%), inability to complete colonoscopy preoperatively (24%), locating nonpalpable polyps (13%), to define the source of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (4%), and to perform polypectomy (3%). Endoscopic evaluation influenced the outcome in 93% of the patients. There were two complications, both splenic capsular tears. Despite our increased ability to resolve several of the earlier indications for intraoperative colonoscopy by examination prior to celiotomy, there remains a significant role for intraoperative colonoscopy. PMID- 3257866 TI - X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Profile of clinical findings. AB - An evaluation of 56 patients with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa revealed a profile of findings that include the following: night blindness within the first two decades of life; spherical refractive errors of -2.00 diopters or greater in addition to an increased prevalence of a cylindrical correction of +1.50 diopters or greater; appreciable impairment of central visual acuity to 20/200 or less by the fifth decade of life; characteristic patterns of field loss; presence of a foveal lesion in up to 75% of the study group; posterior subcapsular lens opacities; and nondetectable electroretinographic amplitudes in more than two thirds of the patients (using conventional full-field recording procedures). These observations are of general value in diagnosis of this disease and for counseling of patients afflicted with this severe form of hereditary night blindness. PMID- 3257865 TI - Pathogenetic role of HIV infection in Kaposi's sarcoma of equatorial East Africa. AB - Thirty residents of north-central Tanzania with various forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were evaluated. The absolute number of peripheral blood OKT4 lymphocytes in patients and Tanzanian control subjects tended to be low (in comparison with healthy young American adults), and many had inverted T4/T8 ratios. Plasma polyclonal beta- and gamma-globulin concentrations were increased in many patients with KS and in control patients in Tanzania with chronic dermatopathies, but not in African hospital employees and patients undergoing elective surgery. Three of nine patients with locally aggressive KS possessed antibodies to human T cell lymphotropic virus type III/lyphadenopathy-associated virus (HIV), but none had evidence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or the AIDS-related complex. Three patients with disseminated, rapidly progressive KS and high HIV antibody titers had an immunologic and clinical picture consistent with AIDS. Two of 13 patients with the classic plaque/nodular form of KS had low plasma titers of HIV antibody, but the significance of these serologic findings is not known. The evidence suggests that HIV plays a role in the pathogenesis of some cases of KS in East Africa, but most patients with KS in East Africa have no evidence of overt immunologic deficiency or HIV infection. PMID- 3257867 TI - Sporothrix schenckii endophthalmitis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AB - A 30-year-old homosexual man with a positive serologic test for human immunodeficiency virus and a history of successfully treated disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis developed a granulomatous uveitis that worsened with topical and subconjunctival steroid therapy. Culture of the aqueous aspirate yielded Sporothrix schenckii. The patient was treated with intravenous amphotericin B and intravitreal amphotericin B, kanamycin sulfate, and amikacin sulfate. Subsequent aqueous and vitreous cultures were negative, but the intraocular inflammatory process progressed and ultimately led to enucleation of the eye. Histopathologic examination revealed granulomatous inflammation of the anterior uvea and scattered S schenckii in the anterior and posterior chambers. Electron microscopy demonstrated that most of the organisms had disorganized protoplasm. Although treatment failed to ameliorate the progressive intraocular inflammatory process, the negative cultures and the electron microscopic observations suggest that the treatment was reasonably effective in killing S schenckii within the eye. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of S schenckii endophthalmitis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. PMID- 3257868 TI - Effects of cyclocryotherapy on aqueous humor dynamics in cats. AB - The effects of graded cyclocryotherapy were studied using pneumatonometry, fluorophotometry, and light and electron microscopy. Cats were treated with either 90 degrees, 180 degrees, or 270 degrees of cyclocryotherapy and were followed up for six weeks. The response of the eyes to treatment was evaluated in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP) response, aqueous humor flow rate, and permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier compared with the untreated fellow eye. The average IOP response was determined to be -20%, -44%, and -47% for the 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees treated eyes, respectively. The aqueous humor flow rate was estimated to be -14%, -44%, and -52% for each of the groups, respectively. Finally, the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier, measured 60 minutes after injection of fluorescein, was estimated to be a percent increase of 22%, 332%, and 285% for each of the groups, respectively. Histologically, the maximally treated eyes (270 degrees) demonstrated greater disruption of the ciliary body compared with the control eyes. Thus, graded cyclocryotherapy causes graded destruction of the ciliary epithelium and proportionally related changes in IOP and aqueous humor dynamics. PMID- 3257869 TI - Alive, well and not to be forgotten. PMID- 3257870 TI - Interleukin-1 activates phospholipase A2 in human synovial cells. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) treatment of synovial cells from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients resulted in a dose-dependent secretion of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). IL-1 also stimulated prostaglandin E2 and plasminogen activator synthesis, in parallel with PLA2 activation; all 3 were detectable within 6 hours of IL-1 treatment and peaked by 24 hours. Synovial cell PLA2 required calcium (5 mM) and a neutral pH (7.5) for maximal activity and appears similar to the PLA2 in synovial fluid, which has been described previously. We conclude that PLA2 can be induced by IL-1, and its secretion may contribute significantly to the inflammatory actions of IL-1. PMID- 3257871 TI - Current developments in rheumatology in the Soviet Union. PMID- 3257872 TI - Characteristics of responders and nonresponders to slow-acting antirheumatic drugs in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A 12-month double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of D-penicillamine and hydroxychloroquine was conducted in 162 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in the United States and in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. No statistically significant intergroup differences were detected in primary outcome variables. We investigated the possible existence of select subgroups of patients who have a higher likelihood of response to active drugs than to placebo. Using previously published criteria, each patient was classified as a responder or nonresponder, and their demographic and disease characteristics at baseline were compared. We were unable to identify a subgroup of individuals who were more likely to respond to D-penicillamine or hydroxychloroquine than to placebo. PMID- 3257874 TI - Natural course of joint destruction and fluctuation of serum C1q levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Using the number of joints with erosion in a total of 68 joints throughout the body, we studied a population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis whose disease duration was 10-15 years. Three groups, each showing a Poisson distribution, were found: the subset with least erosive disease (LES), the subset with more erosive disease (MES), and the subset with mutilating disease (MUD). The mean number of joints with erosion was 10.9 in LES, 32.2 in MES, and 53.5 in MUD. In LES, erosive articular changes were primarily limited to the peripheral smaller joints. In MES, the larger axial joints were also involved. Almost all joints were extensively damaged in MUD. During the early period of disease, differences between the 3 groups were highly significant in the rapidity of carpal bone destruction, as assessed by the yearly reduction of carpal height ratio (P less than 0.001), and in the serum C1q level (P less than 0.001). PMID- 3257873 TI - Dissection of the mechanisms of immune injury in rheumatoid arthritis, using total lymphoid irradiation. AB - Eleven patients with intractable rheumatoid arthritis were treated with total lymphoid irradiation. After radiotherapy, there was a marked decrease in the number and function of peripheral blood helper/inducer (Leu-3+) T lymphocytes, in the spontaneous secretion of interleukin-1 by synovial biopsy specimens, and in the activity of the joint disease. In contrast, levels of IgM, IgA, and IgG rheumatoid factors and C3 concentrations in blood and synovial fluid samples did not change significantly after therapy with total lymphoid irradiation. PMID- 3257875 TI - Incidence of anti-human Ig with restricted specificity in Japanese, Kuwaiti, and Swedish patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Assuming that anti-allotypic anti-Ig in rheumatoid arthritis is stimulated by the individual's allotype, it would be reasonable to expect a higher incidence of anti-G1m(a) in individuals carrying G1m(a). There is marked divergence among various populations in allotype frequencies. G1m(a) allotype and the prevalence of anti-Ig reactive with G1m(a) Ig were determined in 18 Kuwaiti, 23 Japanese, and 41 Swedish rheumatoid arthritis patients. An inverse relationship was observed between the frequency distribution of allotype G1m(a) and anti-allotype; thus, the stimulus for the anti-allotype is not the patient's own allotype. PMID- 3257876 TI - B cell hyperactivity and its relation to distinct clinical features and the degree of disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Peripheral blood B cells that were actively proliferating, those actively secreting immunoglobulin, and those expressing an early activation marker, Ba antigens, on the surfaces were quantitated in 25 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B cell hyperactivity was found in almost all of the SLE patients, as demonstrated by any one of these measures of B cell activity. Moreover, we observed a strong positive correlation between the degree of disease activity and the amount of spontaneous incorporation of 3H-thymidine by B cells; the magnitude of the increase in frequency of spontaneous Ig-secreting cells in peripheral blood correlated strikingly with certain clinical features in these patients. Our findings suggest that there is heterogeneity of B cell hyperactivity in individual patients with SLE and, thus, that clinical subsets of SLE can be identified on the basis of B cell hyperactivity. PMID- 3257877 TI - Complement kinetics during continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: studies with a new polysulfone hemofilter. AB - Biocompatibility of the Renaflo polysulfone hemofilter was assessed during treatments with continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Pre- versus postfilter levels of C3a, C4a, C5a and leukocyte counts were measured prior to and 15, 60 and 90 min after placement of the Renaflo. Results revealed a small, and previously unrecognized, increase in postfilter C3a (1,224 +/- 56 vs. 1,535 +/- 150 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM, n = 15; p less than 0.01). A comparable increase was also found during treatment with an Amicon polysulfone filter. There were no other significant changes in any parameter studied and no patient exhibited symptoms related to complement activation. We conclude that the Renaflo filter is safe for use during continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Although clinically insignificant, there is a detectable activation of C3 by polysulfone membranes. PMID- 3257878 TI - Cardiovascular function and arterial blood gases during sham dialysis in healthy man. AB - Cardiovascular function and alveolar gas exchange were studied in healthy subjects undergoing sham dialysis (SHD)--i.e. the circulation of blood through a cuprophane dialyzer with the dialysate compartment closed to avoid diffusion and convective transport of fluid and solutes. The blood-membrane contact induced complement activation (rise in C3d) and transient leukopenia, as described during clinical hemodialysis. PaO2, PaCO2 and calculated oxygen uptake remained unchanged. Heart rate, cardiac index (thermodilution), systemic vascular resistance index and brachial and pulmonary arterial blood pressures did not change significantly during 150 min of SHD (n = 8). In 12 subjects, in whom more frequent measurements were made during the first 30 min of SHD, pulmonary arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly while the dialyzer and the tubing set filled with blood, and pulmonary arterial mean blood pressure did not change significantly. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell during the filling phase, but did not change significantly during SHD; pulmonary vascular resistance index remained unchanged. We conclude that in nonuremic subjects sham dialysis with a cuprophane dialyzer does not result in hypoxemia, pulmonary vascular constriction and pulmonary hypertension, in spite of complement activation and marked leukopenia. PMID- 3257879 TI - Pharmacokinetics of propofol (diprivan) in elderly patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics of propofol (2,6 diisopropylphenol) were compared in 12 patients aged 65-80 yr and 12 patients aged 18-35 yr. After premedication with papaveretum i.m., anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.0 mg kg-1 in the elderly and 2.5 mg kg-1 in the younger patients. Alcuronium 12-20 mg was then given and the patient's lungs ventilated with halothane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Blood was taken after various time intervals up to 24 h for the measurement of propofol concentrations by HPLC and for the estimation of propofol protein binding. The mean blood propofol concentration was generally higher in the elderly group, but this difference was only significant at 2 min after induction. The clearance of propofol was significantly lower in the elderly (1.44 +/- 0.10 (SE) litre min-1) than in the younger patients (1.79 +/- 0.12 litre min 1). The volume of the central compartment in the elderly patients was significantly smaller (19.6 +/- 5.2 litre) than that in the young (26.3 +/- 2.9 litre). There was no difference in the volume of distribution at equilibrium (1608 +/- 246 litre in the elderly and 1757 +/- 360 litre in the young), in the volume of distribution at steady state (691 +/- 139 litre in the elderly and 771 +/- 236 litre in the young) or in the half-lives of distribution and elimination. The plasma protein binding of propofol was similar in both groups and showed no trend with time after dose. PMID- 3257880 TI - Prevention of pain on injection. PMID- 3257881 TI - Production of mouse monoclonal antibodies for the analysis of idiotypes in serum of patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia. AB - In this report a simple procedure for the production of murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against the idiotype of malignant B cells is described. Mice were immunized with lymphoid cells from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL). After fusion of the spleen cells, hybridoma supernatants were screened for anti-idiotypic MoAb in ELISA with immunoglobulins obtained from tumour-cell lysates, xenohybridomas and patients' sera. The anti-idiotypic MoAb were used to study tumour cells and serum immunoglobulins (Ig) from four different patients with B-CLL. It was found that the serum IgM and IgD in one patient shared the same idiotype. Evidence is presented that IgG-secreting cell populations are not restricted to lambda-Ig-light chain-expressing B-CLL cells. With the help of anti-idiotype MoAb accurate measurements of total and idiotype positive serum immunoglobulin levels during chemotherapy were possible. PMID- 3257882 TI - Immunostimulatory effects of different antilymphocyte globulin preparations: a possible clue to their clinical effect. AB - Antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) have an established role in the treatment of severe aplastic anaemia. The response rate ranges from 40% to 80%. Its mode of action is believed to be complement dependent lysis of immunocompetent cells which inhibit haemopoietic maturation. This might not be the sole mechanism. We have tested four different preparations of ALG/ATG for their mitogenic effect on normal peripheral blood cells and on enriched T cells in vitro by 3H-thymidine incorporation. We found marked differences between the four preparations. One was strongly mitogenic and able to induce profound release of haemopoietic growth factors. This mitogenic effect could be detected in the serum of patients during ALG treatment. Clinical response rates of this preparation are about 80%. Three other preparations were of lower or no stimulatory effect. Clinical response rates with these preparations vary between 40% and 60%. From our results, we postulate that the beneficial effect of ALG could be partially due to its ability to stimulate release of haemopoietic growth factors. The mitogenicity of different ALG/ATG preparations should be tested as an in vitro parameter of clinical efficacy. PMID- 3257883 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of B cell origin in an anti-HIV positive intravenous drug abuser. PMID- 3257884 TI - The effect of haemonchosis and blood loss into the abomasum on digestion in sheep. AB - 1. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the abomasal parasite, Haemonchus contortus, on the pattern of digestion and nutrient utilization in Merino sheep. There were three groups of sheep: infected with H. contortus (300 larvae/kg live weight) (n 5), sham-infected by transferring blood from the jugular vein to the abomasum, and uninfected (control) sheep (n 9) which were fed daily rations equal to amounts consumed by 'paired' animals in the two other treatment groups. A diet containing (g/kg): lucerne (medicago sativa) chaff 490, oat chaff 480, ground limestone 10, urea 10, and sodium chloride 10, was given in equal amounts at 3-h intervals. 2. Continuous intrarumen infusions (8 d) of chromium and ytterbium were made in order to measure the flow of digesta through the rumen, duodenum and ileum with 15NH4Cl included in the infusate for the final 3 d. The loss of blood into the gastrointestinal tract was measured using 51Cr labelled erythrocytes and the rate of irreversible loss of plasma urea was measured with reference to a single intravenous injection of [14C]urea. Samples of rumen fluid were taken for analysis of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. 3. The infected and sham-infected sheep developed severe anaemia during the period over which digestion and metabolism measurements were made (packed cell volume 0.118 (SE 0.0042) and 0.146 (SE 0.0073) respectively). The corresponding rates of blood loss into the gastrointestinal tracts were 253 (SE 23) and 145 (SE 17) ml/d. 4. The proportions of VFA in rumen fluid were altered (P less than 0.05) in the infected group with a decrease in the ratio, acetate: propionate (control 3.28, infected 2.58, standard error of difference (SED) 0.21). There was also an increase in rumen fluid outflow rate (P less than 0.01) from 4.05 litres/d in the control group to 5.53 litres/d in the infected group (SED 0.43). Water intake was higher (P less than 0.05) in the infected than in the control animals (2.25 and 5. There was a decrease (P less than 0.05) in apparent digestion of organic 5. There was a decrease (P less than 0.05) in apparent digestion of organic matter in the forestomachs of infected sheep (0.32 compared with 0.39 in the control, SED 0.02). There was also a decrease (P less than 0.05) in the apparent digestion of organic matter across the whole digestive tract (0.65 control, 0.61 infected, SED 0.013).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3257885 TI - Introduction of interleukin-3 gene into stromal cells from the bone marrow alters hemopoietic differentiation but does not modify stem cell renewal. AB - Cloned endothelial-adipocytes from the stroma of mouse bone marrow (designated 14F1.1) induced growth of stem cells in vitro, accompanied by either pre-B lymphopoiesis or myelopoiesis. We examined the contribution of colony stimulating factors (CSF) to the process. mRNA for GM-CSF, interleukin 3 (IL3), G-CSF, and IL4 could not be detected in the stromal cells. Expression of IL3 gene, achieved by transfection of 14F1.1 cells with a plasmid carrying an IL3 cDNA, shifted the direction of differentiation but did not improve stem cell maintenance. It is proposed that novel stromal cell factors, distinct from known CSFs, regulate stem cell renewal. PMID- 3257886 TI - Human eosinophil hematopoiesis studied in vitro by means of murine eosinophil differentiation factor (IL5): production of functionally active eosinophils from normal human bone marrow. AB - The production of human eosinophils in vitro from normal bone marrow by using murine eosinophil differentiation factor (mEDF/interleukin 5) is described. Eosinophil production was selective and first detectable after 14 days and reached a peak between 21 and 35 days when they were the predominant cell type (41% to 89%). Until day 14, all the eosinophils were typical myelocytes, developing thereafter into metamyelocytes and mature cells. All cell types had characteristic light- and electron-microscopic features, apart from the absence of granules with crystalline cores. The eosinophils produced were readily recovered, and both immature myelocytes and mature cells were functionally active in an antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. mEDF added into the assay enhanced the cytotoxicity but to a lower degree than previously reported for peripheral blood eosinophils, which suggests that they may be partially activated. The possibility that eosinophils could be deactivated was tested by removing mEDF from the culture medium. The eosinophils retained viability and functional activity, however, and showed no increased ability to be activated by mEDF for up to six days after removing the mEDF. The liquid culture of human bone marrow was shown to be an alternative assay for eosinophil differentiation factors to colony formation. PMID- 3257887 TI - Interleukin 2 induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of acute leukemia patients. I. Feasibility of LAK generation in adult patients with active disease and in remission. AB - The feasibility of in vitro interleukin 2 (IL-2) activation and expansion of mononuclear cells (MNCs) derived from adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (ANLL) was studied. Patients' natural killer (NK) and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell activity was compared with that of normal donors in terms of: (a) cytolytic activity (four-hour 51Cr release assay) against an NK sensitive target (K562), NK-resistant targets (Raji/Daudi), and fresh/cryopreserved autologous and allogeneic leukemic blasts; (b) proliferation and expansion in culture with 1,000 U/mL recombinant IL 2 (rIL 2); and (c) the cell surface phenotype of the cultured cells. In 21 of 24 patients with active disease (AP) MNCs derived from the peripheral blood (PBL) or bone marrow (BM) could be cultured and expanded in the presence of rIL 2. These cultures initially contained between 30% and 50% blasts, and during 2 to 4 weeks of culture destruction of blasts and enrichment of up to 60% in cells with the morphology of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) was observed. Expansion in culture varied between two- and 100-fold. MNCs from all patients in remission (RP) could be activated by rIL 2 and expanded up to 30-fold after 1 to 3 weeks in culture. NK activity of fresh PBLs from AP was significantly lower than in normal controls, whereas NK activity of RP was within the normal range. High levels of postactivation NK and LAK activity on K562/Raji/Daudi and on fresh/cryopreserved leukemic blasts was generated in approximately 50% of cases of AP and in most RP. Cell surface phenotype studies showed that cultured cells derived from ANLL patients were significantly enriched (up to 40%) in NKH-1 (Leu 19) positive cells, with RP LAK cells also expressing a high proportion of CD16 positive cells (up to 40%). This study has shown that it is feasible to activate and significantly expand killer cells derived from active disease and remission ANLL patients during 1 to 3 weeks culture with IL 2 with good maintenance of cytolytic activity. Both initial NK activity and LAK generation was optimal in remission patients. Based on data from this study, a clinical protocol has been developed for treatment of early relapse ANLL patients with LAK cells cultured for 1 to 3 weeks and systemic IL 2. PMID- 3257888 TI - Flow-dependent dilation in myograph-mounted resistance artery segments. PMID- 3257889 TI - Heterogeneity of endothelium-dependent responses to acetylcholine in canine femoral arteries and veins. Separation of the role played by endothelial and smooth muscle cells. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether heterogeneity in endothelium dependent responses to acetylcholine between canine blood vessels of different anatomical origin reflects variations in endothelial function or in responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle cells. Experiments were conducted in a bioassay system, where segments of femoral artery or vein with endothelium were perfused intraluminally and the perfusate used to superfuse rings of femoral arteries or veins without endothelium. Indomethacin was present in all experiments to prevent the synthesis of prostanoids. The blood vessels were contracted by phenylephrine. Measurement of wall tension in both the perfused segment and bioassay ring allowed simultaneous detection of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s) released abluminally (segment) and intraluminally (ring). Intraluminal infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) induced relaxations in the perfused artery but not in vein segments. During arterial superfusion ACh induced relaxation in femoral arterial rings but contraction in venous rings. After treatment with atropine the arterial perfusate evoked relaxations in venous rings. Infusion of ACh through the femoral vein evoked only moderate relaxations in arterial rings. These data demonstrate that depressed endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh in femoral veins compared to femoral arteries is due to a masking effect of the direct stimulating action of ACh and decreased release of the same mediator or the release of a different relaxing factor from venous endothelium. PMID- 3257890 TI - Measurement of intracellular Ca2+ in the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells using fura-2 fluorescence. AB - The intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cell was measured with fura-2 fluorescence under various conditions, and compared with changes in membrane potential recorded with an intracellular electrode. The [Ca2+]i was 109 nM on average under the resting condition and increased by raising the extracellular K+, stimulating repetitively the pre- or post-ganglionic nerve, or by applying acetylcholine or muscarine. Since all these procedures depolarized the cell membrane, most of the rise in [Ca2+]i could be the result of opening of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. However, Ca2+ entries through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels and the channel activated by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor were also indicated by considering the threshold for the opening of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (for both entries) or a limited number of the cells showing the latter response. PMID- 3257891 TI - Comparisons of refractory periods for medial forebrain bundle fibers subserving stimulation-induced feeding and brain stimulation reward: a psychophysical study. AB - Paired-pulse stimulation techniques were used to infer distributions of refractory periods (RPs) for the directly activated medial forebrain bundle (MFB) substrates of brain stimulation reward (BSR) and stimulation-induced feeding (SIF). Each RP distribution suggested (a) a subpopulation of contributing fibers with refractory periods between 0.4 and 0.6 ms, (b) absence of significant numbers of fibers with refractory periods between 0.6 and 0.7 ms, and (c) a second subpopulation (or set of overlapping subpopulations) with refractory periods between 0.7 and 1.5-2.5 ms. Similar RP estimates were obtained in different animals, despite the fact that stimulation sites ranged from the anterior lateral hypothalamus to the ventral tegmental area; this finding is consistent with the view that the directly activated substrate of both behaviors involves MFB fibers of passage. While the possibility cannot be ruled out that the two behaviors result from activation of distinct sets of fibers with remarkably similar refractory periods, the more likely possibility is that a common--or at least partially common--MFB substrate underlies brain stimulation reward and stimulation-induced feeding. PMID- 3257892 TI - Comparisons of connectivity and conduction velocities for medial forebrain bundle fibers subserving stimulation-induced feeding and brain stimulation reward. AB - A behavioral adaptation of the paired-pulse collision technique was used to determine whether the same medial forebrain bundle (MFB) fibers of passage mediate brain stimulation reward (BSR) and stimulation-induced feeding (SIF) induced by lateral hypothalamic and ventral tegmental electrical stimulation. Step-functions relating second-pulse effectiveness to interpulse interval suggested connectivity between the directly activated SIF fibers at these two stimulation sites were seen in 4 animals; these data indicate that SIF, like BSR, is mediated, at least in part, by long-axon MFB fibers. In the two animals that could be tested in both paradigms, similar effects were seen in BSR tests; this suggests that either the same fibers or fibers with remarkably similar conduction velocities and medial-lateral and dorsal-ventral alignment contribute to the two behaviors. PMID- 3257893 TI - Basal forebrain knife cuts and medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation. AB - Current autoradiographic and electrophysiological data suggest that fibers coursing from the diagonal band/medial septum and lateral preoptic area through the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) to the midbrain may carry the reward signals generated by lateral hypothalamic stimulation. To test this hypothesis, 40 rats were given a unilateral lateral hypothalamic stimulating electrode and an ipsilateral guide cannula for knife cut transection. In baseline self-stimulation testing, both the animal's capacity to respond for the stimulation and the reward efficacy of the stimulation were measured. A coronal plane knife cut transection was given following stabilization of baseline behavior, and any changes in response capacity and stimulation reward efficacy were observed for up to two weeks, beginning 24 h after transection. Cuts to the diagonal band/medial septal region or the outflow therefrom did not permanently or significantly alter stimulation reward effectiveness. Cuts in the lateral preoptic area or in the MFB just anterior to the stimulating electrode decreased stimulation reward effects only if considerable concomitant rostrocaudal tissue damage was apparent around the knife cut. Even in these cases, reward degradation was rarely permanent. These results suggest that the majority of reward-relevant fibers probably do not arise in forebrain nuclei rostral to the stimulating electrode. A possible role of neurons endemic to the lateral hypothalamus in stimulation reward effects is discussed. PMID- 3257894 TI - Cochlear nerve monitoring during cerebellopontine angle operations. AB - The authors present their experience with intraoperative monitoring of cochlear nerve action potentials (AP) in 30 adult patients. Operative procedures were acoustic neuroma excision with attempted hearing preservation and selective vestibular neurectomy in patients with incapacitating Meniere's disease and serviceable hearing (SRT less than 50 db, discrimination greater than 60%). Loss of AP is detected rapidly and has been demonstrated after manipulation of the cochlear nerve and after coagulation of small arteries on the tumour capsule. Presence of an AP at the end of the procedure usually correlates with postoperative preservation of hearing. AP monitoring appears to be a reliable means of detecting potentially reversible changes in cochlear nerve function intraoperatively. PMID- 3257895 TI - Interactions between 7-hydroxymethotrexate and folinic acid in RAJI cells, in vitro. AB - HPLC analysis of plasma samples obtained from patients included in a high-dose methotrexate-folinic acid Rescue (HD-MTX-CF) protocol, allowed the simultaneous determination of MTX, CF and their respective plasma metabolites, 7 hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-FH4). These 4 compounds interact at the cellular level to ensure the selective effectiveness of the HD-MTX-CF rescue protocol. An in vitro study has been investigated in RAJI cells to better describe the interference of CF on uptake, accumulation and metabolism of [3H]7-OH-MTX. Results about uptake and accumulation of CF were also obtained using [3H]CF, in the absence or the presence of unlabeled 7-OH-MTX. The rate of [3H]7-OH-MTX influx in RAJI cells (Km = 25.30 +/- 7.75 microM, n = 3) was competitively inhibited by the presence of 10 microM CF with a Ki value of 6.00 +/- 1.94 microM (n = 2). Intracellular 7-OH-MTX accumulation was decreased by approximately 30% when extracellular CF concentration was twice as high as that of 7-OH-MTX, and 70% when CF extracellular concentration was 5 times higher. The metabolism of 7-OH-MTX to its intracellular polyglutamyl derivatives was depressed by 90% when 10 microM CF were incubated for 2 h with equimolar [3H]7-OH MTX, and it was completely abolished in the presence of 100 microM CF. PMID- 3257896 TI - Effector mechanism of tumor immunity in murine plasmacytoma. AB - The development of concomitant tumor immunity to plasmacytoma (PC) was previously demonstrated by the detection of splenic immune T-lymphocytes that inhibited the growth of PC in local adoptive transfer (Winn) assay. This immunity was down regulated by cyclophosphamide-sensitive suppressor T-cells. The effector mechanism was further studied. It was found that immune spleen cells contained no cytotoxic T-lymphocytes as determined by 51Cr release assay. Immune spleen cells, however, exerted a cytostatic effect on PC cells in vitro; coculture of immune spleen cells with PC cells inhibited the [3H]thymidine uptake by tumor cells. No in vitro generation of cytolytic activity was observed. The cytostatic effector cells were found to be radiosensitive, nonadherent, Thy-1+, Lyt-1-2+ lymphocytes that required direct cell-cell contact for cytostasis. Plasmacytoma arising from transplants of mixtures of PC cells and immune spleen cells had a slower growth rate in vivo and incorporated less [3H]thymidine in vitro, findings consistent with the cytostatic effect of immune spleen cells. Studies comparing cytostatic cells assayed in vitro and immune splenic effector cells assayed in vivo (Winn assay) revealed that the former were short-lived (less than 26 days), high dose cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) resistant, and cross-reacting to other PC, whereas the latter were long-lived (greater than or equal to 102 days), high dose cyclophosphamide sensitive, and individual tumor specific. Immune spleen cells, however, could inhibit heterologous PC growth in vivo, if the homologous PC were also present. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the concomitant tumor immunity in PC involves terminal cytostatic effector T-cells with a broader target spectrum and tumor-specific helper T-cells that are required for clonal expansion and maturation of cytostatic cells in vivo. PMID- 3257897 TI - Variant forms of rat epidermal growth factor present in the urine of nude rats bearing human tumors. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-binding peptides from the urine of tumor patients have been reported to differ in molecular weight and relative hydrophobicity from those of normal individuals. Nude rats bearing human large cell lung carcinomas or chondrosarcomas and non-tumor-bearing sibling control rats were used to investigate the contributions of tumor and host to urinary EGF related peptide growth factors. Peptides were adsorbed from urine onto methyl bonded silica and eluted according to their relative hydrophobicity by a stepwise gradient of aqueous acetonitrile. Total EGF receptor-binding activity relative to urinary creatine was elevated in the urine of only one group of tumor-bearing rats. However, the proportion of relatively hydrophilic activity was increased markedly in all three groups of tumor-bearing rats. Rats bearing a large cell lung cancer excreted unusually hydrophilic Mr 6000 peptides that were chromatographically similar to transforming growth factor alpha on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography but proved to be rat EGF by radioimmunoassay (RIA). EGF receptor-binding activity that was common to the urine of tumor-bearing animals regardless of tumor type, but more hydrophilic than that from control rats, had Mr 60,000, 30,000, 12,000, and 4,000 to 7,000 components. All reacted fully in the rat EGF RIA and were negative for human EGF and transforming growth factor alpha by RIA. A more hydrophobic fraction of EGF receptor-binding activity, common to control and tumor-bearing animals, contained Mr 33,000, 5,000 to 7,000, and 2,000 to 5,000 components. High performance liquid chromatography and gel electrophoresis of the Mr 33,000 activity revealed a high molecular weight rat EGF comparable to that reported in human urine. No human EGF or transforming growth factor alpha was detected by RIA in any of the active fractions from tumor-bearing rat urine. Thus, all EGF receptor-binding activity appeared to derive from rat EGF produced by the rat host and not by the xenografted tumors. PMID- 3257898 TI - Cytolytic antitumor effector cells in long-term cultures of human tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in recombinant interleukin 2. AB - Lymphocytes infiltrating human solid tumors (TIL) and autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (A-PBL) were cultured with 1000 units/ml of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) in long-term cultures. TIL isolated from 26 primary squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck expanded better (P less than 0.01) and achieved higher total lytic units of activity against fresh tumor cell targets (P less than 0.05) than A-PBL. TIL obtained from primary hepatocellular carcinomas (n = 7) showed a higher degree of expansion than those from metastatic liver tumors (n = 7). Further, TIL from metastatic tumors of the head and neck, liver, and ovary were delayed up to 50 days in their proliferative response to rIL2. Long-term mass cultures in rIL2 of TIL, A-PBL, or normal PBL were serially monitored for cytotoxicity with different cultured and fresh tumor cell targets and for phenotypic markers of the predominating cell populations. Antitumor cytotoxicity was found in cultures enriched in CD3+Leu19+ and/or CD3-Leu19+ cells. Two-color sorting of such cultures followed by cytotoxicity assays confirmed that the human antitumor effectors expressed either the CD3+Leu19+ or CD3-Leu19+ phenotype. CD3+Leu19- cells had little or no antitumor cytotoxicity. The two types of Leu19+ effector cells were present in low numbers in fresh TIL, A-PBL, or normal PBL; in contrast, in some rIL2-expanded long-term cultures, they represented a majority of proliferating cells. This study identifies for the first time two types of antitumor effector cells in rIL2 cultures of human TIL, one of which may represent activated natural killer cells on the basis of the absence of the CD3 and expression of the Leu19 antigen. These antitumor effector cells mediate non MHC-restricted cytotoxicity of fresh or cultured tumor cell targets of different histologic types. PMID- 3257899 TI - Augmentative effect of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N-CWS) on lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell induction. AB - The present study elucidated that N-CWS augments the cytolytic activity against 3LL tumor cells of LAK cells from N-CWS-immunized mice administered i.p. with rIL 2. This augmentative effect of N-CWS was not seen when the LAK cells were prepared from normal mice. The cytolytic activity was predominantly expressed in the NAPC prepared from the site of injection of rIL-2, and repeated administrations of rIL-2 were required to induce and maintain this potent cytolytic activity in vivo. Serological analysis revealed that the LAK cells were positive for Thy 1.2 and asialo GM1 antigens and that they were not classical CTL or NK cells. The administration of rIL-2 statistically prolonged the MST of mice bearing LAK-sensitive 3LL cells but not the MST of mice bearing LAK-resistant EL 4 leukemia. Furthermore, combination therapy with N-CWS and rIL-2 prolonged the MST of the mice more than the therapy with rIL-2 alone. These results suggest that LAK cells potentiated with N-CWS would be useful for immunotherapy of malignant neoplasms. PMID- 3257900 TI - In vivo generation of lymphokine activated killer cell activity by ABPP and interleukin-2 and their antitumor effects against immunogenic and nonimmunogenic tumors in murine tumor models. AB - The capacity of the interferon inducer ABPP and recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) to generate lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell activity in vivo was examined and compared to the cytolysis of fresh tumor cells by in vitro generated LAK cells. Various tumors differing in histology and immunogenicity were used in vitro and in vivo experiments. The i.p. administration of ABPP or IL-2 generated much higher levels of LAK cell activity in the peritoneal exudate than in the spleen. Administration of 2 injections of ABPP was as effective as a 3-day course of moderate doses of IL-2. Generation of LAK cell activity by IL-2 was dose dependent. ABPP had significant antitumor activity in vivo in both the i.p. tumor model and the pulmonary metastasis model when administered early (24-48 h after tumor inoculation), but was ineffective against established (day 3) tumor or advanced grossly visible i.p. (day 8) tumor. Treatment of established tumor with IL-2 and LAK cells was not more effective when ABPP was given concurrently. In contrast when ABPP preceded IL-2 and LAK treatment an additional antitumor effect was seen. Immunogenic tumors were more sensitive to treatment with ABPP than nonimmunogenic tumors. Only a marginal difference in lysability in vitro existed. The antitumor effects of ABPP in vivo may therefore be mediated by mechanisms other than cytolysis by activated killer cells alone. These data taken together suggest that ABPP and IL-2 induce discernable levels of LAK cell activity, but do not synergize when combined. PMID- 3257901 TI - Lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis factor is produced by L3T4+ murine T lymphocytes, and its production declines with age. AB - Lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis factor (LIA) is a product of T lymphocytes which has been shown to stimulate new vessel formation. Because immune senescence most profoundly affects T lymphocyte functions, we suspected that LIA production would decline with age. An assay for angiogenesis stimulated by allogeneic reaction was performed by injecting spleen cells from young or old donor mice into the skin of irradiated allogeneic recipient mice. The spleen cells from young mice induced a significantly greater number of vessels than did cells from older mice. In additional experiments, spleen cells from young and old animals were treated with a monoclonal antibody GK 1.5) directed at the L3T4 antigen on murine T helper lymphocytes. Such treatment significantly reduced the new vessel formation induced by young lymphocytes but had no effect on that induced by lymphocytes from old animals. Studies employing indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that the proportion of L3T4+ cells in the mononuclear fraction of splenocytes was nearly identical in both young and old mice. From these investigations we can conclude that (1) L3T4+ lymphocytes are responsible for LIA production, and (2) production, like that of other T lymphokines, declines with age. PMID- 3257902 TI - The immunological mouse mutants nude (nu) and rhino (hrrh) generate cytotoxic effector cells following adoptive immunotherapy but fail to reject a transplanted tumor. AB - Adoptive immunotherapy, consisting of cyclophosphamide injection and the i.v. transfer of tumor-sensitized T cells, resulted in rejection of the immunogenic fibrosarcoma, MCA/76-9, by syngeneic C57BL/6J (B6) mice. The same treatment of tumor-bearing congenic immunodeficient mice, homozygous for the deleterious mutations nude (nu) and rhino (hrrh), did not result in tumor rejection. Paradoxically, the intratumor and intrasplenic changes taking place in each of the three strains after therapy were indistinguishable. There was an increase in Thy-1+, Ly-2+, or L3T4+ cells at the tumor site 8 days after adoptive immunotherapy and a similar increase in Thy-1+ cells in the spleen. Moreover, the T cells isolated from the tumors or spleens from each genotype were shown to be specifically cytotoxic in vitro as well as in an in vivo Winn assay. Further evidence that immune amplification had occurred in the immunological mutant mice was provided by experiments showing (a) the ability of spleen cells from tumor bearers and those tested after therapy to produce IL-2 in response to Con A stimulation and (b) an increase in class II-MHC antigen expression by tumor associated macrophages. The data suggest that, although amplification of antitumor immune responses occurred in the immunological mutants, the absence of a critical host factor limited the potency of the antitumor response. PMID- 3257903 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to chemically xenogenized tumors. I. Inhibition by specific antisera and H-2 association of the novel antigens. AB - T cell-mediated proliferative and cytotoxic responses occur in vitro to syngeneic tumor cells antigenically altered by mutagen treatment. One such xenogenized variant of the murine L5178Y lymphoma elicits IgG antibodies reactive with determinants on variant cells that are not expressed at detectable levels on parental or normal cells of the same H-2d haplotype and are also unrelated to public specificities of H-2b or H-2k histocompatibility antigens. In the present study we investigated the effect of those antibodies on development of cell mediated responses in vitro to the xenogenized cells used for induction of the humoral response. The proliferative reaction, generation of cytolytic activity and target cell lysis were all inhibited by the anti-xenogenized tumor immune serum, whereas the corresponding reactions to the parental cells by syngeneic or allogeneic effector lymphocytes were not. In order to investigate the possible H 2 association of T cell-mediated responses to xenogenized cells, we also examined the effect on those reactions of antibodies specific for Class I or Class II products of the H-2d complex. The results obtained suggested a role for I-Ad molecules in the T cell proliferative response to the xenogenized cells, and also indicated a preferential association of the cytotoxic response with H-2Kd determinants. PMID- 3257905 TI - T-cell differentiation antigen cluster 2 (CD2) is a receptor for accessory cells and can generate and/or transduce accessory signals. AB - The role of CD2 antigen in T-cell activation was investigated using soluble-phase or cross-linked monoclonal anti-CD2 antibodies. Soluble-phase anti-CD2 inhibited T-cell activation when accessory signals were provided with accessory cells and not when 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate provided the accessory signals to anti-CD3-treated T cells. Soluble-phase anti-CD2 also inhibited anti-CD3 and accessory cell-dependent increases in intracellular free calcium concentration. Crosslinked anti-CD2, on the other hand, mediated an increase in the concentration of intracellular free calcium in T cells. Crosslinked anti-CD2 also functioned as an accessory cell substitute in that it generated the required accessory signals and mediated significant proliferation of anti-CD3-treated T cells. Collectively, these findings support the concept that the CD2 antigen is a receptor for accessory cells and participates in accessory signal generation and/or transduction. PMID- 3257904 TI - Clinical adoptive chemoimmunotherapy with allogeneic alloactivated HLA haploidentical lymphocytes: controlled induction of graft-versus-host-reactions. AB - A total of 13 cancer patients were treated with Adoptive Chemoimmunotherapy (ACIT) using alloactivated HLA haploidentical lymphocytes. Donor lymphocytes were activated in vitro using a pool of irradiated allogeneic lymphocytes (MLC-cells) and some further expanded by culturing in T-cell growth factor (TCGF-cells). The first 6 patients received i.v. cyclophosphamide (CPM) followed 24 h later by escalating doses of MLC-cells, then 7 days later they received an infusion of TCGF-cells. Minimal toxicity was seen. The next 7 patients received CPM (800 mg/m2) and a combined MLC and TCGF-cell infusion (total cell dose ranged from 0.79 x 10(10) to 2.26 x 10(10)). Of these 7 patients, 3 developed mild graft versus-host reaction (GVHR) which resolved without treatment, and 2 patients had progressive GVHR which was arrested by methylprednisolone (2 mg/kg). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from these 2 patients, during the GVHR, had increased activated T-cells (OKT-10+ and OK-Ia+). In vitro expansion, in TCGF, of these activated T cells enabled HLA typing to prove they were of donor origin. Only 1 clinical antitumor response was observed in the first 6 patients. The results of this study indicate that this form of ACIT can be given to patients with acceptable toxicity. Self-limited or easily controlled GVHR may be induced and primed donor cells persisting in the circulation are probably responsible. Further testing is required to determine whether the immune response induced by this form of ACIT may be therapeutically effective. PMID- 3257906 TI - Glucocorticosteroid-induced immunoglobulin production requires intimate contact between B cells and monocytes. AB - Glucocorticosteroid (GCS)-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) production in vitro is dependent on the functions of T cells and monocytes. T cells produce a replacing factor (TRF-S) which, with monocytes and a broad spectrum of concentrations (both above and below the physiologic range) of GCS, stimulates B cells to synthesize Ig. TRF-S is produced by T cells in cultures of mononuclear cells in the absence of stimulation over the initial 72 hr in culture. T cells, however, require the presence of monocytes or small quantities of interleukin 1 in order for the synthesis of TRF-S to occur. In addition to their role in stimulating TRF-S production, monocytes are also required in cultures of B cells responding to GCS and the cytokine. These experiments demonstrate that this monocyte function cannot be replaced by IL-1 or crude supernatants of monocyte cultures. Furthermore, exposure of TRF-S containing supernatants to oxidizing conditions does not alter the dependence of the cytokine on monocytes or GCS. Coculture of B cells and monocytes separated by a permeable membrane demonstrated that the influence of monocytes on GCS-induced Ig production is unlikely to be mediated by stable soluble factors. Thus, GCS-induced Ig production requires intimate contact between monocytes and B cells in the form of surface contact or unstable soluble mediators. PMID- 3257907 TI - 5-Halo-6-phenyl pyrimidinones and 8-substituted guanosines: biological response modifiers with similar effects on B cells. AB - 5-Halo-6-phenyl pyrimidinones, represented by 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4(3H) pyrimidinone (ABPP) and 2-amino-5-iodo-6-phenyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (AIPP), and 8 substituted guanosines, represented by 8-bromoguanosine (8-BrGuo) and 8 mercaptoguanosine (8-MGuo), are well-documented biological response modifiers. We have found that these substituted pyrimidinones and guanosines are very similar in their abilities to activate B cells. ABPP, AIPP, 8-BrGuo, and 8-MGuo induced murine B cells to polyclonally proliferate and differentiate in vitro. The maximal B-cell response levels and the kinetics of the responses elicited with both classes of compounds were comparable; however, ABPP and AIPP were approximately 10-fold more potent than 8-BrGuo and 8-MGuo. An additional similarity observed between the two classes was that polyclonal activation of B cells by ABPP, AIPP, 8-BrGuo, and 8-MGuo was limited to large B cells which had probably been activated previously in vivo. This is in contrast to lipopolysaccharide which is capable of inducing both large, activated B cells and small, resting B cells to proliferate and differentiate. Although substituted pyrimidinones and guanosines were not able to induce new DNA synthesis or antibody production in small B cells, both classes of compounds increased the expression of Ia antigens on the surface of both small and large B cells. These data, together with the recent observations that 8-BrGuo, like ABPP and AIPP, can stimulate NK and cytotoxic macrophage activity via the induction of interferon, strongly suggest that 5-halo-6-phenyl pyrimidinones and 8-substituted guanosines belong to the same structural class of biological response modifiers. Thus, the residues held in common by these two classes of stimulators may interact with the same cellular constituent in the target cells. PMID- 3257908 TI - Effects of anti-class I antibodies on proliferation of murine T lymphocytes. AB - Antibodies specific for the murine Class I H-2K/D molecules have been analyzed for their effect on the proliferation of murine T cells. Several antibodies specific for both private and public determinants have been found to inhibit lectin-mediated T-cell proliferation. These same antibodies do not noticeably effect growth factor-dependent proliferation of activated T cells and have been found to stimulate rather than inhibit alloantigen-induced proliferation of T cells. Taken together these results suggest that Class I molecules may have some functional role in the early events of T-cell stimulation/proliferation, although the mechanisms for antibody effect may be different for T cells stimulated in different ways. PMID- 3257909 TI - Glutathione transferase activities of cultured human lymphocytes. AB - We have detected glutathione transferase (GST) activity towards 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and benzo[a]-pyrene 4,5-oxide (BPO) in freshly isolated peripheral lymphocytes, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent T-cells and lymphoblastoid B-cell lines. The detection of conjugating activity with BPO implies the expression of a neutral, 'mu-like' GST form by both resting and cultured lymphocytes. In a sample of 12 unrelated individuals, BPO conjugating activity of freshly isolated lymphocytes showed a polymorphic distribution. In comparison with freshly isolated cells, BPO activity was increased 2- to 5-fold in IL-2-dependent T-cells and 4- to 10-fold in B-cell lines. The CDNB activity of T-cells was not significantly different to that of freshly isolated cells (P greater than 0.05) but activity in B-cell lines showed a significant increase (P less than 0.01). These data indicate that measurement of BPO activity in freshly isolated lymphocytes may allow the study of the human GST-mu polymorphism. However, IL-2-dependent culture of T-cells or viral immortalization of resting lymphocytes appears to cause the activation or induction of a GST form or forms which conjugate BPO efficiently. In the T-cells this effect may be mediated through addition of IL-2 to the culture since PHA treatment alone did not elevate activity. PMID- 3257910 TI - Phenobarbital reduces EGF receptors and the ability of physiological concentrations of calcium to suppress hepatocyte proliferation. AB - Optimal proliferation of cultured hepatocytes from normal rats occurs in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) at an extracellular calcium concentration of 0.4 mM, whereas physiological concentrations of calcium have been shown to decrease hepatocyte proliferation. Exposure of hepatocytes in vivo to phenobarbital (PB, 0.1% in the drinking water) reduced significantly the ability of physiological levels of calcium to suppress hepatocyte proliferation. An increased relative ability of hepatocytes to proliferate at physiological calcium concentrations versus that at 0.4 mM calcium was first seen after 3 days of in vivo PB treatment and this effect was maintained during 2 months of exposure. Hepatocytes from short-term PB-exposed animals (i.e. 3-28 days) proliferated at physiological Ca2+ concentrations 2-3 times better than those from control animals. However, after 2 months of continuous PB exposure, cell growth was reduced significantly at all extracellular Ca2+ concentrations investigated. EGF binding studies demonstrated that the biphasic kinetic effect of PB on hepatocyte proliferation was not correlated directly with the steady decline in EGF receptor number or the lack of significant change in receptor binding affinity with duration of PB exposure. These results imply that the effectiveness of PB in tumour promotion may result from its ability to reduce the absolute magnitude of normal hepatocyte proliferation and to alter the growth regulatory effect of extracellular calcium. Further, the results argue that PB effects on hepatocyte proliferation are not mediated simply through regulation of EGF surface receptor number or binding affinity. Additional events of the EGF-induced cascade necessary for hepatocyte proliferation appear to be modified by PB. PMID- 3257911 TI - Influence of host defenses on the hepatic colonization of B16F10 melanoma cells. AB - To investigate the significance of host immunity in metastasis we have simultaneously evaluated metastatic development and the tumoricidal action of host defenses in an experimental system for liver metastasis which involves the intrasplenic injection of B16F10 melanoma cells in syngeneic mice. In addition, three experimental groups were treated with immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporin A (CsA) during the following periods of the malignant process: 1st 5th days, 1st-12th days and 7th-12th days. Analysis of cytolytic effects of macrophages, NK cells and T-lymphocytes on tumor cells reveals a decay in antitumor immunity from the 7th day to the 12th day and a marked resistance of B16F10 melanoma cells derived from hepatic metastases to T-lymphocytes and NK cells. The 1st-5th day CsA treatment of tumor-bearing mice produced a reduction in both T-lymphocyte and macrophage reactions against tumor cells and a significant increase in the 7th day micrometastasis incidence in the liver. Once micrometastases have been established the CsA-treatment suppression on the 5th day allows the tumor growth rate in these mice to become the same as in controls. However, the 7th-12th day CsA treatment produces a clear inhibitory effect on focal metastatic development which may correspond to the in vitro antiproliferative effect of CsA, detected on cultured B16F10 melanoma cells. PMID- 3257912 TI - Inherited glomerular properties and their role in the expression of various forms of experimental glomerular injury. AB - 1. Glomeruli possess properties which vary between Lewis and DA strains of rat. 2. These properties may account for differences in the expression of various forms of experimental glomerular injury. 3. The difference in susceptibility to Heymann nephritis in the Lewis strain was confirmed. 4. Chronic serum sickness induced by cationic human serum albumin led to capillary loop deposits in Lewis rats, whereas DA rats had mesangial deposits of rat immunoglobulin G even in control kidneys. 5. Lewis rats developed proteinuria after infusion of the polycation hexadimethrine whereas DA rats did not. 6. DA rats developed greater proteinuria after injection of puromycin aminonucleoside. 7. These results support the hypothesis that an individual's susceptibility to different forms of glomerulonephritis may result from their glomerular properties and not necessarily from their immune responses. PMID- 3257913 TI - Pharmacokinetics of leucovorin calcium after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of leucovorin was evaluated after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administration in a randomized crossover study of 37 healthy men. A single 25-mg dose of leucovorin calcium was administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or orally to the subjects. Blood samples were obtained immediately before and at 13 time points up to 24 hours after the leucovorin dose. The three treatment phases were separated by one-week intervals. Bioavailability was assessed by measuring over 24 hours the blood concentrations of total folates, the parent compound 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, and the metabolite 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, using differential microbiologic assays with Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus faecalis. Both intravenous and intramuscular administration produced rapid increases in serum concentrations of biologically active folates; these rises were sustained over time and were still detectable at 24 hours after drug administration. The bioavailability of intravenous and intramuscular doses was comparable based on area under the serum concentration-time curve, although for intramuscular administration, the peak concentration was lower and the time to peak concentration was longer. The initial rise in serum folate with intravenous and intramuscular dosing represented 5-formyltetrahydrofolate; this fell concomitantly with the appearance of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Oral leucovorin was 92% bioavailable compared with intravenous administration and produced a predictably different pattern of circulating folates, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate being the predominant form. Terminal elimination half-life, apparent volume of distribution, and clearance of total folate were not significantly different among the three treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3257914 TI - A dimeric inhibitor or insect alpha-amylase from barley. Cloning of the cDNA and identification of the protein. AB - A cDNA clone, designated pUP-44, whose longest open reading frame codes for a protein that is homologous to the wheat alpha-amylase inhibitors, has been isolated from a library obtained from developing barley endosperm. The deduced sequence for the mature protein, which is 122 residues long, is preceded by a sequence of 30 residues which has the typical features of a signal peptide. A closely corresponding protein, designated BDAI-1, has been isolated from mature endosperm. BDAI-1 behaves as a dimer and inhibits the alpha-amylase from the insect Tenebrio molitor at concentrations that have no effect on salivary or pancreatic alpha-amylases. PMID- 3257916 TI - Effects of therapies of cervical cancer on the count and function of peripheral lymphocytes. AB - In 57 patients with stage I b cervical cancer, treated by three different methods, the total lymphocyte count, T- and B-cell counts and PHA-induced lymphocyte blast transformation were determined before and immediately after overall treatment as well as at 6-month intervals till 2.5 years after treatment. Exclusively applied radiotherapy caused, in stage I b cervical cancer patients a slight decrease in the total lymphocyte and T-cell counts, which disappeared at 3 6 months after treatment, as well as a very significant drop in the B-cell count, persisting even 2.5 years after treatment. The combined method comprising brachytherapy and surgery proved to least damage the non-specific cell-mediated immunity, whereas the method combining brachy- and teletherapy with surgery exerted the most harmful effect on this immunity. All three therapeutic methods compared led to a significant long-term decrease in the circulating B-cell count. It seems that whereas the operative procedure did not influence the cell-mediated immunity, it intensified the brachytherapy-caused decrease in the B-cell count. PMID- 3257915 TI - The use of atenolol in the prevention of supraventricular arrhythmias following coronary artery surgery. AB - Sixty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were studied prospectively in order to investigate the effect of a cardioselective beta blocker on the incidence of postoperative supraventricular arrhythmias. Patients with good left ventricular function were randomly divided into two groups: 30 patients treated with atenolol and 30 patients acting as controls. Atrial fibrillation was seen in 11 patients and frequent premature atrial extrasystoles were noted in one. Eleven (37%) patients in the control group experienced arrhythmias whilst atenolol significantly reduced this incidence to 3% (one patient), P = 0.001. There was no significant relationship between the development of supraventricular arrhythmias and the following variables: age, sex, severity of preoperative symptoms, previous myocardial infarction, extent of coronary artery disease, technique of myocardial preservation used, ischaemic time, number and site of saphenous vein grafts, endarterectomies performed and perioperative serum potassium levels. It is concluded that the use of atenolol (started 72 h before operation) is effective in reducing the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias following elective coronary artery bypass operations in patients with good left ventricular function. PMID- 3257917 TI - Inhibition of the proliferative response of human B lymphocytes to B cell growth factor by transforming growth factor-beta. AB - The effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on the proliferative response of human B cells to the low molecular weight B cell growth factor (BCGF) have been investigated in this study. It was found that TGF-beta, at picomolar concentrations, strongly inhibited the BCGF-induced proliferation of anti-mu chain or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-activated human B cells and also of a BCGF dependent cell line derived from a human lymphocytic nodular lymphoma. This inhibitory effect was detected in normal and serum-free culture conditions. The suppression was greatly reduced when TGF-beta was added to the culture one day after BCGF and could be reverted by removing TGF-beta from the culture medium. Since TGF-beta has been detected in supernatants from activated T cells, this factor may represent an important regulatory molecule in the feedback control of B cell activation. PMID- 3257918 TI - Physiology of IgD. IX. Effect of IgD on immunoglobulin production in young and old mice. AB - Weekly i.p. injections of IgD from birth in (SJL X BALB/c)F1 mice were found to accelerate the development of IgG- and IgA-secreting cells and to increase the numbers of Ig-secreting cells of all isotypes in 17-28-day-old mice, but not in 7 10-day-old mice. Similarly, repeated weekly injections of IgD in normal adult BALB/c mice increased the numbers of reverse plaque-forming cells/spleen for all isotypes studied, including IgM, IgG1, IgG2, and IgA, but not for IgD itself. No such effect was observed in IgD-treated aged (20 months old) BALB/c mice. The absence of an effect of IgD on Ig secretion appeared to correlate with a lack of induction of receptors for IgD on T cells of the host, both in 7-10-day-old and in aged mice. In 7-10-day-old mice this lack of induction appeared due to their very low numbers of L3T4+ T cells. A comparison was made between the effect of a single injection of IgD or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on numbers of Ig-secreting cells in the spleen determined 1-7 days after injection. Both agents caused increases, but the increase in IgM-producing cells was much greater after LPS (day 4), while IgD caused a relatively greater increase in IgG2 and IgA (days 4 7). Increases in IgG1 and IgG3-producing cells induced by LPS and IgD were of similar magnitude (days 6-7). IgD production, however, was not increased. The number of cells producing antibody of anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) specificity was enhanced by LPS (day 4), but not by a single injection of IgD, although more than one injection of IgD caused a significant increase in anti-TNP-producing cells above background. LPS, but not IgD, caused B cell proliferation in vitro in the presence or absence of gamma-irradiated T delta cells. However, in vivo, IgD injections caused a significant increase in the percentage of lymphoid follicles with germinal centers in lymph nodes from 17-21-day-old and normal adult mice, but not in 7-10-day-old or aged mice. Such an effect was also absent in 24-28-day old mice, where germinal center development, even in untreated mice, was very high. PMID- 3257919 TI - Correlated expression of surface antigens in human thymocytes. Evidence of class I HLA modulation in thymic maturation. AB - The correlated expression of several surface antigens (CD 1, class I HLA, CD3) was examined in human unfractionated thymocytes or selected subsets by using single or double-color flow cytometry. Prethymocyte subpopulations expressed high levels of HLA. A high proportion of cortical cells expressed low levels of either HLA or CD 3 antigens. Most of these HLA+ cortical cells corresponded to the more immature cells and did not express HLA-B loci products. CD 1 a and CD 3 antigens were expressed in a high percentage of cells and the levels of expression of each antigen in individual cells were inversely correlated. These data and the contour of double-color histograms are suggestive of the existence of a single pathway of thymocyte differentiation in which class I HLA expression is switched off around the time of the initiation of CD 3 (and Ti?) expression. We suggest that the anti major histocompatibility complex (MHC) specificity of the unselected Ti receptor may be incompatible with the expression of MHC products on the cell membrane. At this stage, CD 1 antigens, whose expression is inversely correlated with that of HLA, may fulfill the role of MHC antigens. The latter can be re-expressed later on, once the anti-MHC specificities of the Ti receptors have been selected against. Studies on in vitro modulation of HLA molecules by interferon-alpha did not reveal any correlation to the expression of CD 1 or CD 3 antigens. PMID- 3257920 TI - Nonrandom TRG gamma variable gene rearrangement in normal human T cells and T cell leukemias. AB - To estimate the extent of the TRG gamma variable (V) gene repertoire used in human T cell ontogeny, we have analyzed the variety of V gamma gene rearrangements in a large series of T and non-T acute and chronic leukemias. A limited heterogeneity of rearranged fragments was observed: only 13 types of differently rearranged fragments, four of which occurred only once, were found among 80 rearranged chromosomes. Furthermore, in the leukemic population as a whole, the frequency distribution of the most common types of rearranged V gamma gene-containing fragments appeared to be nonrandom (p less than 0.01). Of interest is the clear preference for functional vs. nonfunctional V gamma genes (nonfunctional genes being those which carry frameshifts or nonsense mutations but which presumably can still rearrange due to their conserved signal sequences). We discuss the possibilities that this preference may result either from selection of the TRG gamma product at some stage during T cell development or, alternatively, from an intrinsic, antigen-independent polarity in V gamma gene activation. PMID- 3257921 TI - Down-regulation of the T cell receptor by a mitogenic anti-Thy-1 antibody. AB - Antigen-specific unresponsiveness lasting at least 2 weeks can be induced in a T cell clone by 24-h pretreatment with mitogenic anti-T cell receptor antibodies. In this report the relationship is explored between the antigen-specific unresponsiveness and activation pathways triggered via the T cell receptor and Thy-1: the latter pathway is dependent on the former. A mitogenic anti-Thy-1 antibody (KT16) made the T cell clone unresponsive to specific antigen and to an anti-T cell receptor antibody coupled to Sepharose. The unresponsiveness lasted for at least 7 days. However, cells made unresponsive to specific antigen in these ways (the T cell receptor and Thy-1) could be activated by both interleukin 2 and KT16. KT16 down-modulated the T cell receptor immediately after the pretreatment, but not on day 7 after the pretreatment. These facts indicate that the state of the unresponsiveness was caused by blocking transduction of an activation signal triggered by the T cell receptor to an activation pathway shared by the T cell receptor and Thy-1. PMID- 3257922 TI - The function of human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the generation of an immune response. AB - Monoclonal antibody RR 1/1 directed against the putative LFA-1 ligand molecule intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was found to inhibit the T cell proliferative response to the antigen PPD. Interestingly, the percentage of unstimulated monocytes which expressed ICAM-1 on their surface appeared to vary greatly from person to person although the majority of monocytes did express high levels of ICAM-1 within their cytoplasm and surface expression could be rapidly induced on most cells by adherence to fibronectin. Resting T cells showed no evidence of surface or cytoplasmic ICAM-1 although expression was induced both within the cell and on the membrane as a result of activation with phytohemagglutinin or a combination of OKT3 and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. The significance of these findings with respect to the function of monocyte and T cell in the generation of an immune response is discussed. PMID- 3257923 TI - A new antigen identified by the monoclonal antibody UCHB 1 delivers a costimulatory signal to a subset of human B cells. AB - A novel anti-B cell monoclonal antibody UCHB1 is described which detects an antigen present on a selected subpopulation of both normal and leukemic B cells. Approximately 20% of normal tonsil and peripheral blood (PB) B cells are UCHB 1+ and the majority of B cells from all cases of prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) tested, together with a low, variable percentage of PB B cells from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with centroblastic centrocytic leukemia also express this antigen. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia B cells, pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Epstein-Barr virus transformed cell lines all lack UCHB 1 positivity as do all non-B lineage leukocytes and cell lines so far tested. In tonsil sections UCHB 1 staining is almost completely confined to surface IgM+ mantle zone lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells, but not B cells, within the germinal centers. UCHB 1 can induce a rise in the level of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in PLL B cells and low concentrations of monoclonal antibody can result in the entry of these cells into cell cycle in the absence of additional factors. The proliferative effect of UCHB 1 is greatly enhanced in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan and, to a lesser extent, phorbol ester. A similar costimulatory effect is exerted on a proportion of normal tonsil B cells although here, despite inducing a rise in [Ca2+]i, UCHB 1 alone does not cause cells to proliferate. UCHB 1 may well prove to be a useful antibody both to distinguish between different B cell leukemias and to study the phenotype and function of leukemic and normal B cell subpopulations. PMID- 3257924 TI - Human immune response to allergens of house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. IV. Occurrence of natural autologous anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - IgG isolated from the plasma of seven individuals hypersensitive to the common house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DPT) was exhaustively adsorbed onto insolubilized DPT. The unbound fraction was found by radioimmunoassay to contain antibodies recognizing the variable region of both anti-DPT IgG and IgE antibodies. This recognition was idiotype (Id)-specific as it persisted after passage over insolubilized polyclonal IgG of unrelated specificity. Most of these anti-Id IgG carried the internal image of the initial antigen in that they competitively inhibited the binding of anti-DPT antibodies to DPT. Immunoadsorption of anti-Id IgG onto insolubilized anti-DPT IgG antibodies from the same individual completely eliminated their reaction with anti-DPT IgG but not with anti-DPT IgE, suggesting that idiotopes included in the antigen-binding site of specific IgG and IgE antibodies were not identical. Anti-Id IgG recognizing idiotopes located outside the antigen-binding site (bystander idiotopes) were also completely removed by passage over insolubilized anti-DPT IgG; in this case the reaction of the anti-Id IgG with both anti-DPT IgG and anti DPT IgE was inhibited, indicating that, for a given individual, bystander idiotopes were shared between anti-DPT antibodies pertaining to these two isotypes. PMID- 3257925 TI - Streptomycin in the chick embryo: post-hatching vestibular behavior and morphology. AB - Developing chick embryos were exposed to streptomycin injected on days 5 through 13 of the 21 day developmental period. Histological and behavioral abnormalities were found almost exclusively in chicks exposed after day 7. The nature of the behavioral deficits included abnormal head posture, head tremor, and inability to compensate for applied vestibular stimuli. Head movement measurements showed that the head tremor had frequencies of oscillations from 10-35 Hz. The amplitude of the tremor was a large as 10 degrees. Histology showed damage to the secretory dark cells of the membranous labyrinth in those chicks that showed behavior changes. Even with increased dosages chicks exposed prior to day 7 rarely showed abnormal vestibular behavior but instead experienced increased mortality. Further tests examining tissue levels of streptomycin showed little or no streptomycin in embryos until day 10. These results are discussed in terms of their utility as an alternative model to surgical manipulation of the vestibular system in developing embryos. Behavioral consequences are compared to other work with drugs and to the effects of weightlessness and unusual environments on vestibular orientation and behavior. PMID- 3257926 TI - Responses of nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis neurons to vestibular stimulation in the rat. AB - Forty-nine neurons were recorded in the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) during horizontal vestibular and/or optokinetic stimulation in immobilized pigmented rats. During optokinetic stimulation, the response of NRTP neurons was either unidirectional (51%) or bidirectional (49%). Histological reconstruction showed that unidirectional neurons were located in the dorsal-medial part of NRTP, and bidirectional neurons in the lateral part. All neurons exhibited a response during pure vestibular sinusoidal stimulation in the frequency range 0.025 Hz-0.2 Hz. NRTP neurons were divided into two groups according to their threshold to vestibular stimulation. Group A neurons had a low threshold, a low spontaneous activity and their firing frequency slowly increased with acceleration. Group B neurons showed opposite characteristics. Phase and gain analysis suggested that NRTP neurons carry a head velocity signal. After hemiflocculectomy, the gain of the vestibular response of contralateral NRTP neurons increased. From these data, the role of NRTP in the horizontal vestibulo oculomotor is discussed. PMID- 3257927 TI - Buoyant density characterization of neoplastic cell populations in patients with chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Leukemic cells from a series of patients with chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were analyzed for their buoyant density on discontinuous Percoll gradients. The density profile varied markedly between different patients and also between samples from different body compartments within the same patient. A good correlation was observed between buoyant density and maturation stage of the leukemic clones as judged by Ig-expression and their reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Phorbol-ester-induced changes in the leukemic cells were found to be accompanied by a general decrease in their buoyant density. No correlation between density and clinical parameters such as cell counts, clinical stage and survival could be noted. Buoyant density characterization of leukemic B cell populations is seen as a useful, rapid and simple marker of compartmentalization within the B-lymphocyte maturation spectrum but its clinical relevance remains to be established. PMID- 3257928 TI - The deoxyuridine suppression test performed on phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood cells fails to reflect in vivo vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. AB - Because phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes acquire folate deficiency in vitro, we have re-examined the claim that the deoxyuridine suppression test (dU test) based on such cells helps to diagnose megaloblastic states. dU-test results were obtained from the phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated blood cells of 77 patients at 6 concentrations of dU. 21 megaloblastic patients with cobalamin or folate deficiency did not have a mean blood dU-test result significantly higher than that of 21 normoblastic patients at any concentration of dU. Among all patients, however, there was a weak correlation between the blood and marrow dU-test results. Folic acid corrected the blood dU-test results more in the normoblastic than the megaloblastic patients, and a difference between the two groups appeared, but a large overlap persisted. Blood dU-test results tend to be higher in megaloblastic patients, but acquired folate deficiency obscures the distinction from normoblastic patients so that the test is not of diagnostic value. PMID- 3257929 TI - Regression of intracerebral lesions in T prolymphocytic leukaemia treated with intravenous deoxycoformycin. AB - A case of T-prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL) presenting with deafness and confusion is reported. Computerised tomography (CT) of the head showed several well-defined, rounded, high attenuation areas in the temporal, parietal and occipital regions of the brain substance that were suggestive of metastases. Treatment with weekly intravenous deoxycoformycin produced complete resolution of the CT abnormalities together with haematological evidence of disease regression 6 weeks after treatment was started. PMID- 3257930 TI - Stimulation of hepatic T-kininogen production by interferon. AB - T-kininogen is known to be an acute-phase reactant as well as a kininogen in rat plasma. Three kinds of cytokines, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and interferon, were assayed for their abilities to stimulate hepatic production of T kininogen. Of these cytokines, interferon was able to stimulate hepatic production of T-kininogen, but few effects were observed for interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. In addition, the stimulatory effect of interferon was inhibited by tumor necrosis factor. Our data suggest that interferon is a candidate for the leukocyte-derived factor mediating the acute-phase response of T-kininogen. PMID- 3257931 TI - Inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E1 on T-cell mediated cytotoxicity against isolated mouse liver cells. AB - The effects of prostaglandin E1 on cell-mediated cytotoxicity against hepatocytes were investigated using an in vitro cytotoxic assay system. Isolated liver cells from normal C57BL/6 mice were used as the target cells, and effector cells were obtained from spleens of C57BL/6 mice in which experimental hepatitis had been induced by immunization with syngeneic liver antigens. In this assay system, spleen T cells adhering to nylon wool demonstrated a high cytotoxic activity against target liver cells. The cytotoxicity was markedly reduced by prostaglandin E1 at concentrations greater than 10(-7) M. Maximum suppressive activity was obtained when prostaglandin E1 was continuously present during the assay period. By contrast, indomethacin, a specific inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, enhanced the cytotoxic activity of effector cells. These data seem to indicate that exogenously added prostaglandin E1 has an inhibitory effect on cell mediated cytotoxicity of effector spleen cells against target hepatocytes. PMID- 3257932 TI - Interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 in chronic type B hepatitis. PMID- 3257933 TI - Water, electrolyte, glucose, and glycine absorption in rat small intestinal transplants. AB - Water, electrolyte, glucose, and glycine absorption were studied in vivo in successful rat small intestinal transplants. Isolated bowel loops were transplanted from F1 hybrids into parental strain Lewis rats. A 7-day course of cyclosporin A was given for immunosuppression. Absorption was studied using a steady-state perfusion technique at either 9 or 21 days after transplantation. Histologic examination showed there was villus shortening with time but no evidence of rejection. When perfused with isotonic saline, both allografts and controls secreted water. However, allografts and denervated controls secreted chloride, whereas innervated controls absorbed chloride (p less than 0.05). There was a marked reduction in water and sodium absorption from 30 mM glucose-saline in transplanted loops and denervated controls, whereas glucose absorption was relatively preserved in these groups at 9 days (p less than 0.01). These changes could not be accounted for by rejection or ischemia. These studies demonstrate that denervation may be a major limiting factor in intestinal transplantation. PMID- 3257934 TI - Interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 activity in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. AB - Abnormalities of lymphocyte proliferation in chronic hepatitis B virus infection are well documented, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To determine whether these defects may be secondary to disordered lymphokine production, we have simultaneously assayed interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 production in 31 chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus. Supernatants from mononuclear cells cultured both in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide contained significantly increased quantities of interleukin-1 activity in patients compared with normal controls (p less than 0.01). Lysates of monocytes from patients also contained more interleukin-1 than those of controls (p less than 0.05) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide or silica, or both. These results indicate that interleukin-1 production is markedly elevated in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, whereas in contrast, interleukin-2 production was found to be reduced in these patients (p less than 0.01). As one of the biological properties of interleukin-1 is to stimulate fibroblasts to produce collagen, the relationship between fibrosis in the liver biopsy specimen and interleukin production was examined. There was a highly significant correlation (p less than 0.001) between interleukin-1 production and the severity of fibrosis, suggesting that this lymphokine may be closely related to the development of cirrhosis in such patients. PMID- 3257935 TI - Faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 3257936 TI - Fewer Trichomonas vaginalis organisms in vaginas of infected women during menstruation. AB - The aims of the present study were to count Trichomonas vaginalis organisms recovered from the vaginas of patients with trichomoniasis, and to obtain data concerning changes in sizes of trichomonal populations during the menstrual cycle. In about 80% of symptomatic as well as symptomless patients, more than 1 x 10(5) parasites per ml could be obtained from vaginal washes. During menstruation, however, the number of trichomonads decreased appreciably, with subsequent increases within three to six days after bleeding. The results indicated that sufficient numbers of fresh trichomonads may be obtained from vaginal washes for biochemical and molecular experiments and also confirm the previously reported trichomonocidal effect of menstrual blood complement in vivo. PMID- 3257937 TI - Hepatitis B in symptomless Danish homosexual men. AB - Forty eight symptomless homosexual men attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic and found by screening to have hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were followed up for a median of 10 (range six to 26) months to characterise their liver disease. Initially 33/50 (66%) of the men had increased serum liver enzyme activity and 19/47 (40%) had increased serum immunoglobulin G concentrations. Liver biopsy specimens showed acute hepatitis B in 12 (39%) and chronic hepatitis B in 19 (61%) of the 31 patients who underwent liver biopsy. The course of the infection was: acute hepatitis B in 14/48 (29%), chronic persistent hepatitis B in 23/48 (48%), chronic aggressive hepatitis B in 8/48 (17%), and cirrhosis in 3/48 (6%) of the patients. Antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were present in 16/45 (36%) of the patients, but the presence of antibodies to HIV did not influence the course of hepatitis B in the observation period. PMID- 3257938 TI - Comparison of the structure of HLA-Bw47 to HLA-B13 and its relationship to 21 hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency is strongly associated with HLA-Bw47. This rare HLA allele and the HLA-B13 allele are both found in positive genetic linkage disequilibrium with HLA-A3, -Cw6, -DR7 and also display serological cross reactivity. To investigate the relationship between these two alleles at the structural level, the nucleotide sequences of the HLA-B13 and HLA-Bw47 genes have been determined. They differ by 28 nucleotides, resulting in 14 amino acid substitutions: 5 in the alpha 1 domain, 8 in the alpha 2 domain, and 1 in the transmembrane region. Comparison of HLA-Bw47 nucleotide sequence with other HLA-B sequences shows a segment of 228 bp identical with B44 in the alpha 1 domain and a segment of 218 bp identical with B27 in the alpha 2 domain, but only a 91 bp segment of identity with B13 in the alpha 1 domain. The complex pattern of substitutions and their degree of divergence indicate that HLA-B13 and HLA-Bw47 alleles are not related by a simple mutational event. PMID- 3257939 TI - Quantitation of human C4A and C4B, in serum and plasma by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. PMID- 3257940 TI - Antibody synthesis specific for nonoral antigens in inflamed gingiva. AB - In vitro experimentation indicates that periodontitis-associated bacteria contain potent polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA). We reasoned that if PBA were operative in vivo, plasma cells specific for nonoral antigens should be present in the inflamed gingival tissues, which are characterized by a plasma cell infiltrate. To test this, rabbits with experimental periodontitis were immunized in the hind legs with the histochemically detectable antigen horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or glucose oxidase (GO). At various times after secondary immunization, inflamed gingival tissue was removed, sectioned, and treated histochemically to reveal plasma cells that specifically bound HRP or GO. Remarkably, by 9 days after secondary immunization, hundreds of HRP- or GO-binding plasma cells were found in the inflamed gingival tissue of immunized rabbits. The presence of these plasma cells, observed 7 to 10 days after booster immunization, was further substantiated by the presence of large amounts of locally produced HRP- or GO specific antibody in gingival crevicular fluid. By 1 month after secondary immunization, the number of antigen-binding plasma cells had decreased dramatically, but a small number of antigen-specific plasma cells were detected for as long as 9 months after secondary immunization. The large number of HRP- or GO-specific plasma cells observed 9 days after immunization led us to see whether recently stimulated cells were more susceptible to PBA. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were obtained at different times after booster immunization and cultured in the presence or absence of a PBA from Fusobacterium nucleatum. At 7 days after immunization, PBL spontaneously differentiated into antibody-forming cells in culture, and this process was enhanced by PBA. In contrast, PBL taken months after immunization produced little antibody in culture, and enhancement by PBA was difficult to detect. Compared with resting B cells, the recently stimulated B cells clearly differentiated more readily into antibody-forming cells. In conclusion, antibody synthesis specific for nonoral antigens did occur in inflamed gingival tissue, and a number of mechanisms, including PBA, probably contributed to this phenomenon. PMID- 3257941 TI - Anticapsular antibody requirements for protection against experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia after splenectomy. AB - Although asplenic individuals are at higher risk for infection with encapsulated bacteria, it is not known whether they require a higher concentration of anticapsular antibody than normal individuals do for protection against invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. At 21 days of age, rats were passively immunized with human hyperimmune serum globulin against H. influenzae b polysaccharide (or saline) after recovery from splenectomy or a sham operation. Starting at 18 h after immunization, rats received three intranasal inoculations of 10(7) CFU of H. influenzae b over the next 24 h. Of sham-operated rats given 0.75 or 3.0 micrograms of anticapsular antibody, 91 or 96%, respectively, were protected from bacteremia, whereas only 59 and 67% of similarly treated asplenic rats were protected (P less than 0.004, control versus asplenic rats). A 12 microgram antibody dose resulted in the complete protection of both groups. The magnitude of bacteria was significantly higher in the asplenic group at each dose of antibody. Thus, asplenic hosts may require a higher concentration of anticapsular antibody than normal individuals do for protection against invasive H. influenzae b disease. PMID- 3257942 TI - Reevaluation of urinary excretion of coproporphyrins in lead-exposed workers. AB - Urinary concentrations of coproporphyrin I and III (CP I and III) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in 131 male workers exposed to lead, and the relationships between lead exposure and urinary coproporphyrins were reevaluated. CP I had a statistically significant correlation with lead in the blood (Pb-B), but it was not useful as an indicator of the effect of lead on heme metabolism. On the other hand, CP III had a good correlation with Pb-B and markedly increased when Pb-B levels exceeded 40 to 50 micrograms/100 ml. Both sensitivity and specificity were more than 80% when the health-based Pb-B limit and the screening level of CP III were fixed at 50 micrograms/100 ml and 50 micrograms/g creatinine, respectively. In conclusion, measurement of CP III is sufficiently sensitive and specific enough in practice for the early detection of health effects due to lead exposure in the same way as the measurement of delta aminolevulinic acid in urine. PMID- 3257943 TI - A prospective study of circulating immune complexes in patients with breast cancer. AB - Levels of circulating immune complex (cIC) and complement split product C3d were studied in 86 patients with breast cancer (BC), 22 patients with benign breast disease (BD), and 72 age- and sex-matched blood-bank donors (NC), using solid phase Clq-protein A RIA, Clq-anti-IgG RIA, anti-C3d anti-IgG RIA, and polyclonal IgM-rheumatoid factor ELISA for clC detection. No significant differences in cIC and C3d levels were found between the groups. The incidence of raised cIC levels varied from 4.9 to 8.2% in the BC group and from 4.5 to 22.7% in the BD group in comparison with 2.9 to 3.0% in the NC group. Using the solid-phase polyclonal IgM rheumatoid factor ELISA we found that the cIC levels of patients with stage-III cancer were significantly higher than those of patients with stage-I or stage-II cancer. However, the other tests showed no relationship to tumor burden. Likewise, an effect of mastectomy on the cIC levels was also only detectable by one of the assays, i.e., the post-mastectomy levels of cIC as measured by the solid-phase anti-C3d anti-IgG RIA were significantly lower than the pre mastectomy levels. Serial analyses of cIC and C3d levels were performed pre operatively, one month post-operatively and every 3 months during the first year after mastectomy in 46 of the patients. During a I-year observation period, 7 patients developed metastatic disease. The occurrence of metastatic disease was not, however, preceded by characteristic changes in serially determined cIC and C3d levels. PMID- 3257944 TI - Psoriasis and autoimmune disease. PMID- 3257945 TI - Transformation of UV-hypersensitive Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants with UV irradiated plasmids. AB - Transfection of UV-hypersensitive, DNA repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines and parental, repair-proficient CHO cells with UV-irradiated pHaprt-1 or pSV2gpt plasmids resulted in different responses by recipient cell lines to UV damage in transfected DNA. Unlike results that have been reported for human cells, UV irradiation of transfecting DNA did not stimulate the genetic transformation of CHO recipient cells. In repair-deficient CHO cells, proportionally fewer transformants were produced with increasing UV damage than in repair-proficient cells in transfections with the UV-irradiated hamster adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) gene contained in plasmid pHaprt-1. However, transfection of CHO cells with UV-irradiated pSV2gpt resulted in neither decline in transformation frequencies in repair-deficient cell lines relative to repair-proficient cells nor stimulation of genetic transformation by UV damage in the plasmid. Blot hybridization analysis of DNA samples isolated from transformed cells showed no dramatic changes in copy number or arrangement of transfected plasmid DNA with increasing UV dose. We conclude that the responses of recipient cells to UV-damaged transfecting plasmids depend both on the type of recipient cell and the characteristics of the genetic sequence used for transfection. PMID- 3257946 TI - Reducing the radiation dose from inhaled americium-241 using continuously administered DTPA therapy. AB - Accelerating the removal of a radionuclide from the body of a contaminated individual is the only available approach to decreasing the radiation dose from such exposures. In this study, continuous infusion of a chelating agent, DTPA, was given to dogs that had inhaled a moderately soluble aerosol, 241 AmO2, not only to accelerate clearance of the radionuclide from the lung but also to prevent its deposition in liver and bone. Treatment was begun with an intravenous injection of CaDTPA 1 h after exposure, and was continued for 64 days after exposure by implanting subcutaneously osmotic pumps containing ZnDTPA at 1 day after exposure. The results showed that the infusion therapy was effective in blocking the translocation of 99.5 per cent of the 241Am that would have been deposited in liver, and 98.3 per cent of the 241Am that would have been deposited in bone. This result was significantly better than the result achieved using repeated intravenous injections of DTPA, the method of treatment in current use for actinide contamination cases. PMID- 3257947 TI - Endogenous superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and radiation resistance in mouse cell lines. AB - The relationship between the endogenous cytoplasmic levels of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase and the inhibition of cell proliferation by radiation has been studied in 11 mouse cell lines. The resistance of these mouse cell lines to radiation was found to vary by over 25-fold. No correlation was found between the cytoplasmic level of CuZn-superoxide dismutase or catalase and the resistance to radiation as measured by extrapolation number (EN), quasi threshold dose (Dq), or DO. None of the cell lines had detectable cytoplasmic Mn superoxide dismutase. The apparent Ki of potassium cyanide for mouse CuZn superoxide dismutase was determined (Ki = 6.5 mumol dm-3). PMID- 3257948 TI - Effect of hyperthermia on DNA loop-size in HeLa S3 cells. AB - Nuclear matrices of heated and non-heated HeLa S3 cells were isolated and average DNA loop-sizes were compared. Heat treatment (30 min at 45 degrees C) resulted in an ultimate survival level of the cells of about 10 per cent. The loop-size determinations were done on nuclear material isolated from the cells directly after heat treatment. In the nuclear matrices isolated from the heated cells about 1.8 times more protein was bound as compared to the matrices from control cells. Enzymatic analysis using DNase I digestion, followed by centrifugation on neutral sucrose gradients, was performed. Also, halo visualization was combined with autoradiography. Both methods revealed no gross alterations in DNA loop sizes. The possible function of DNA loop organization in the effect of hyperthermic interference with DNA-related processes is discussed. PMID- 3257949 TI - The radiosensitivity of embryos of domestic chickens and black-headed gulls. AB - Eggs of domestic chickens and black-headed gulls were continuously exposed to gamma-rays during incubation, using dose rates ranging from 0.004 to 0.08 Gy h-1 for 20 days. Acute-dose experiments were also conducted, and eggs were irradiated on day 10 of incubation with doses of between 1.92 and 28.8 Gy. Hatchability and numbers reaching full-term developed were affected only after chronic doses of 9.6 Gy and acute doses of 4.8 Gy or higher. Maximum embryo mortality occurred around days 10-11 of incubation and just before hatching, in all experiments. An increase in foot and limb deformities was observed above acute and chronic doses of 9.6 Gy. PMID- 3257950 TI - Clonogenicity of the progeny of surviving cells after irradiation. AB - The clonogenic potential of the progeny of irradiated cells was tested in vitro by replating irradiated cultures after various times, allowing between five and over 25 subsequent divisions to take place after irradiation. Whereas the plating efficiency of surviving Chinese hamster cells was not decreased, in C3H10T1/2 cells a dose-dependent but slight decrease in plating efficiency was observed even after the longest follow-up period. These data do not contradict the prevalent hypothesis in radiobiology that the proliferation potential of a clonogenic cell surviving after irradiation is not significantly different from that of a non-irradiated cell. PMID- 3257951 TI - A method of calculating initial DNA strand breakage following the decay of incorporated 125I. AB - Two sources of individual Auger electron spectra and an electron track code were used with a simple model of the DNA to successfully simulate the single-strand DNA breakage measured by Martin and Haseltine (1981). The conditions of the calculation were then extended to examine patterns of single-strand breaks in both strands of the DNA duplex to score double-strand breaks. The occurrences of five types of break were scored. The total number of double-strand breaks (dsb) per decay at the site of the decay was 0.90 and 0.65 for the different Auger electron spectra. It was shown that for mammalian cells an additional source of double-strand breaks from low LET radiation added approximately 0.17 dsb/decay to each, giving a final total of 1.07 and 0.85 dsb/decay for mammalian cells depending on the electron spectrum. Further is is shown that the energy deposition in the DNA from the iodine decay is very complex, with a broad range of energy depositions and products. Even for a particular energy deposited in the DNA different types of strand break are produced. These are identified and their probabilities calculated. PMID- 3257952 TI - Effect of adriamycin and hyperthermia on the sedimentation of nucleoids from L1210 cells. AB - We report on the individual and combined effects of adriamycin (ADR) and hyperthermia (HYP) on the sedimentation behavior of L1210 mouse leukemia cell nucleoids in neutral sucrose gradients. Nucleoid sedimentation profiles obtained from cells incubated with ADR (1-10 microM; 30 min; 37 degrees C) exhibited an increased sedimentation rate associated with an increased protein content of these subnuclear units. Exposure of cells to HYP (1-3 h; 42 degrees C) produced similar results. Simultaneous exposure of L1210 cells to conditions of HYP and ADR which resulted in minimal changes in nucleoid sedimentation when used singly, produced an enhanced effect. A similar enhancement was observed with other intercalating antineoplastic agents believed to exert their effect, at least partially, via free radicals (daunorubicin, amsacrine, bisantrene, mitoxantrone). However, enhancement with HYP was not observed with (a) the classic intercalating agent, ethidium bromide; (b) non-intercalating DNA-breaking agents (bleomycin, lithocholic acid, etoposide); (c) inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (m methoxybenzamide, benzamide); or (d) non-intercalating antineoplastic agents capable of causing free radical formation (bleomycin). The results suggest that DNA intercalating agents capable of initiating free radical processes may show an enhanced toxicity with simultaneous HYP treatment, and that the nucleoid assay may be a means of screening agents with these biological properties for potential clinical usefulness in combination with HYP. PMID- 3257953 TI - Progressive development of radiation damage in mouse kidneys and the consequences for reirradiation tolerance. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of protracted overall treatment times on the development and repair of renal irradiation injury in mice. Functional kidney damage was measured, from the proportion of 51CrEDTA remaining in the plasma at 30 min after injection of the tracer. Damage was assessed at monthly intervals for up to 14 months after two equal doses of X-rays given in 1 day, 1 month or 6 months. There was no difference between the time of onset or rate of development of damage after two fractions in 1 day or 1 month, but there was a time lag of 7-15 weeks (depending on dose) before the development of damage after 2F given in 6 months. After this time lag the rate of progression of damage was the same for 2F/6 months as for 2F in the shorter intervals. There was therefore no indication of any increase in total tolerated dose for the kidney when the treatment time was protracted, although the time scales for onset of this damage differed. Tolerance of mouse kidneys to reirradiation at 6 months after single doses of 6-12 Gy was also assessed. All of the previously irradiated animals developed a more severe renal impairment after reirradiation than did the age-matched control mice. The most severe damage occurred in mice which received the highest initial radiation doses, but doses of only 6 Gy were sufficient to markedly reduce the tolerance to reirradiation. It was concluded from these studies that no additional dose-sparing (tissue recovery) took place in the kidneys during a 6-month interval. This was true even when the initial radiation dose alone was insufficient to cause measurable renal dysfunction. PMID- 3257954 TI - Reirradiation at long time intervals in mouse kidney: a comparison between experimental results and the predictions of the F-type tissue model. AB - The tolerance of a late-responding tissue to reirradiation after long time intervals has been analysed using the F-type tissue model. In this model the tissue is composed of identical cells, each of which is capable of extensive proliferation and of tissue-specific function. The model was adapted to calculate the response to two fractions of radiation given in a variable overall time. For two equal doses of radiation the repair of tissue damage after the first fraction could be detected theoretically by a change in the rate of cell depletion after retreatment and by an increase in the minimum cell number attained. For an 'experimental set-up', in which a constant first dose was followed by a range of retreatment doses in a variable overall time, the repair of tissue damage theoretically could be detected most sensitively by a shift of the dose-response curves to higher retreatment doses as the time interval between the two doses was increased. A prerequisite for a proper comparison of these dose-response curves was that the responses were evaluated at times after the first dose determined by the minimal latency times after high retreatment doses. From a comparison of these theoretical results with experimental findings for mouse kidneys it was concluded that no recovery of tissue function took place over a 6-month period. Instead it appeared that the kidneys had become more sensitive to irradiation over this period. PMID- 3257955 TI - Effects of local hyperthermia on the motor function of the rat sciatic nerve. AB - The effect of local heat treatment of the sciatic nerve was assessed using the toe-spreading test, which mainly assesses the motor function of the sciatic nerve. A 5 mm long segment of the nerve was heated at temperatures from 42.0 to 45.0 degrees C in vivo using a brass thermode. Hyperthermia led to a decrease in spreading of the toes. Recovery from functional loss took place in all cases, and this recovery was completed in 4 weeks. A 50 per cent functional loss in 50 per cent of the treated animals was observed after 58, 32 and 12 min of heating at 43.0, 44.0 and 45.0 degrees C respectively. PMID- 3257956 TI - A comparison of dose-response models for death from hematological depression in different species. AB - Many radiation-induced lethality experiments have been published for various mammalian species. From those studies a subset of studies reflecting useful biological and physical variables has been compiled into a database suitable to study interspecific variability of radiosensitivity, dose-rate dependence of sensitivity, dose-response behavior within each experiment, etc. The data compiled were restricted to continuous and nearly continuous exposures to photon radiations having source energies above 100 keV. Photon source energy, exposure geometry, and body weight considerations were used to select studies where the dose to hematopoietic tissue was approximately uniform. The database reflects 13 mammalian species ranging in size from mouse to cattle. Some 211 studies were compiled, but only 105 were documented in adequate detail to be useful in development and evaluation of dose-response models of interest to practical human exposures. Of the 105 studies, 70 were for various rodent species, and 35 were for non-rodent groups ranging from standard laboratory primates (body weight approximately 5 kg) to cattle (body weight approximately 375 kg). This paper considers seven different dose-response models which are tested for validity against those 105 studies. The dose-response models include: right-skewed extreme value, left-skewed extreme value, log-logistic, log-probit, logistic, probit, and Weibull models. In general, the log transformation models did not improve model performance and the extreme value models did not seem consistent with the preponderance of the data. Overall, the probit and the logistic models seemed preferable over the Weibull model. PMID- 3257957 TI - Biochemical binding and distribution of protactinium-233 in the rat. AB - Following intravenous injection into male Sprague-Dawley rats 233Pa, like other elements, deposits predominantly in the skeleton (ca. 70-80 per cent), but unlike Pu and Am the liver deposition of 233Pa is low, about 2-3 per cent between 1 and 7 days. About 99 per cent of the injected 233Pa is lost from the plasma compartment in 3 days, a clearance comparable to that of Pu but much slower than that of Np, Am or Cm. On entering the liver cell cytosol 233Pa is bound rapidly to an unidentified protein of molecular mass 200 kDa and to a protein of 80 kDa, which is probably transferrin. Within a few hours the metal migrates to bind to a protein of greater than 400 kDa which has been tentatively identified as ferritin. Some 233Pa remains bound to small ligands until virtually all the intracellular 233Pa has been deposited in the lysosomes, or to a lesser extent in some other, as yet, unidentified organelles. PMID- 3257958 TI - Thymocyte membrane changes and modifications of interphase death. AB - A reduction in the rate of interphase death of X-irradiated thymocytes is observed when they are previously treated with triton X-100 or trypsin at low concentrations. The data obtained demonstrate the importance of the structural integrity of the cell surface in the initiation of processes leading to interphase death of lymphoid cells. PMID- 3257960 TI - Synthesis and beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of thiazolyl penam sulfones. PMID- 3257959 TI - Quantification of rat hepatocyte transferrin receptors with poly- and monoclonal antibodies and protein A. AB - The content and distribution of transferrin receptors (Tf-R) in suspended adult rat hepatocytes were studied using 125I-protein A in combination with either a monoclonal (MRC OX-26) or a polyclonal antibody to Tf-R. Internal receptors were made accessible by permeabilization with digitonin. The number of Tf-R detected depended on the batch of collagenase used for liver perfusion. By using the monoclonal reagent in conjunction with the less damaging of two batches of the enzyme, 129,000 receptors were found per cell, with 47,000 (37%) of these on the surface. The polyclonal reagent yielded Tf-R numbers which were consistently higher than those obtained with MRC OX-26. This difference is interpreted as being due to the binding of several (on the average 5-6) molecules of polyclonal IgG per molecule of Tf-R. Remarkably, transferrin binding by Tf-R was not affected by this cluster of associated IgG and the overlayer of protein A. Parallel studies with 131I-transferrin in a simplified binding assay system yielded surface Tf-R estimates which, in most cases, were close to the values obtained with MRC OX-26. After prolonged exposure to collagenase, the ligand binding capacity of Tf-R was more affected than its immunoreactivity. In preliminary studies, monensin (10 microM) produced a 32%-50% shift of Tf-R from the surface to the inside, whereas short-term incubation with epidermal growth factor (0.17 mM) brought about no clear-cut Tf-R redistribution. PMID- 3257961 TI - Properties of a broad spectrum beta-lactamase isolated from Flavobacterium meningosepticum GN14059. AB - A broad substrate-spectrum beta-lactamase was purified from Flavobacterium meningosepticum GN14059. The purified enzyme gave a single protein band on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 30,000 and the isoelectric point was 5.1. The enzyme hydrolyzed various beta-lactam antibiotics including oxyiminocephalosporins and aztreonam. Relative rates, with cephaloridine as 100, were cephalothin 200, cefazolin 48, cefuroxime 153, cefotaxime 51, ceftazidime 20, ampicillin 26, carbenicillin 19, and aztreonam 20. The enzyme activity was inhibited by clavulanic acid, sulbactam, imipenem and cephamycins. PMID- 3257962 TI - Phorbol esters and calcium ionophores differentially regulate the transcription of gamma-T-cell antigen receptor gene in human thymocytes. AB - The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and the calcium ionophore ionomycin differentially regulated the expression of the gamma-T-cell antigen receptor (gamma-TCR) gene in human thymocytes. Ionomycin induced an increase in gamma-TCR mRNA while TPA prevented this effect. The effects of ionomycin and TPA are completely reversed upon their removal. Protein kinase C depleted cells are unable to respond to TPA but the induction of gamma-TCR by ionomycin was unimpaired. The regulation of gamma-TCR gene expression by TPA and ionomycin occurred at the level of gene transcription, whereas the rate of gamma TCR mRNA degradation was unaffected by TPA or ionomycin. PMID- 3257963 TI - Multiple pathways of inositol polyphosphate metabolism in angiotensin-stimulated adrenal glomerulosa cells. AB - The production and metabolism of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins-1,4,5-P3) and other inositol polyphosphates was studied in cultured bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells prelabeled for 24 h with [3H]inositol. During stimulation with angiotensin II, Ins-1,4,5-P3 increased to a peak of 15-fold above basal within 10 s, followed by a second phase of continuous increase over the next 30 min. Ins-1,4,5-P3 formed during agonist stimulation was rapidly metabolized by two distinct pathways. The more direct metabolic route was via degradation by sequential dephosphorylations to form inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and inositol 4-phosphate, and ultimately inositol. Lithium ions inhibited both the formation and dephosphorylation of inositol 4-monophosphate, which is a specific product of inositol polyphosphate metabolism. In addition, a cyclical metabolic sequence was initiated by the 3-phosphorylation of Ins-1,4,5-P3 to form inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate. The Ins-1,4,5-P3 3-kinase responsible for this reaction had a Km of 0.4 microM for Ins-1,4,5-P3 and a Vmax of 208 pmol/min/mg and was stimulated by increased Ca2+ concentrations in the micromolar range. Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate was then dephosphorylated to inositol 1,3,4 trisphosphate, which in turn was either further degraded to inositol 3,4 bisphosphate or rephosphorylated to inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate. Lithium ions also inhibited the production of inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, explaining the large accumulation of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate in cells stimulated in the presence of lithium. Prolonged exposure to angiotensin II in the presence of Li+ caused a progressive decline in inositol polyphosphate formation without depletion of the lipid precursor, phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate, suggesting that an accumulating product of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis (possibly diacylglycerol) has an inhibitory effect on the phospholipase C catalyzed breakdown process. These results indicate that, in addition to its breakdown by sequential dephosphorylations through Ins-1,4-P2 and Ins-4-P, Ins 1,4,5-P3 undergoes a complex series of phosphorylations and dephosphorylations to form at least two inositol tetrakisphosphates and their metabolites. These newly defined pathways may provide additional regulatory steps in the mechanism of cell activation by angiotensin II and other Ca2+-mobilizing hormones. PMID- 3257964 TI - Phosphorylation of two sites on smooth muscle myosin. Effects on contraction of glycerinated vascular smooth muscle. AB - Contraction of glycerinated porcine carotid artery smooth muscle in response to calcium (20 microM), calmodulin (10 microM), and MgATP was associated with phosphorylation of the 20,000-dalton myosin light chain (LC20) to an average stoichiometry of 1.47 mol of PO4/mol of LC20. Tryptic and chymotryptic phosphopeptide maps of the mono- and diphosphorylated forms of LC20 purified from skinned muscles demonstrated the presence of a single phosphopeptide in all cases. Phosphoamino acid analysis indicated that the monophosphorylated form contained primarily phosphoserine, whereas the diphosphorylated form contained both phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. Thiophosphorylation of LC20 by adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) resulted in the incorporation of 1 mol of thiophosphate into phosphoserine. Thiophosphorylated LC20 could be subsequently phosphorylated at a threonine residue to a stoichiometry of 1.7 mol of PO4/mol of LC20 by incubation in the presence of MgATP, calcium, and calmodulin. The extent of multiple site phosphorylation of LC20 was dependent upon both the ionic strength and the free Mg2+ concentration in the muscle bath; increasing either ionic strength (0.07-0.15 M) or [Mg2+] (1-20 mM) resulted in lower stoichiometries of LC20 phosphorylation. The effect of multiple site phosphorylation on contraction was examined in muscles which were seqentially phosphorylated at serine followed by threonine. Full activation (21 degrees C) of both isometric force (1.4 newtons/cm2) and unloaded shortening velocity (0.016 L0/s) was achieved following thiophosphorylation to 1.1 mol of PO4/mol of LC20. No further activation of either isometric force (1.5 newtons/cm2) or unloaded shortening velocity (0.015 L0/s) occurred following phosphorylation to 1.7 mol of PO4/mol of LC20. PMID- 3257965 TI - Alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is a neutrophil chemoattractant after proteolytic inactivation by macrophage elastase. AB - Mouse macrophage elastase, a metalloproteinase, catalytically inactivates human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) by attacking a single peptide bond between Pro357 and Met358, resulting in Mr = 4,200 and 47,800 fragments. We show here that this proteolytically inactivated alpha 1-PI is a potent chemotactic factor for human neutrophils at a concentration of 1 nM. The chemotactic response is equivalent to that elicited by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Native alpha 1-PI does not stimulate chemotaxis. Purification of the two fragments of alpha 1-PI that result from proteolysis by macrophage elastase indicated that the Mr = 4,200 fragment is responsible for the chemotactic activity. However, the two proteolysis fragments do not dissociate from each other under physiologic conditions. Therefore, the ability of proteolytically inactivated alpha 1-PI to act as a mediator of inflammation is due to rearrangement of the alpha 1-PI molecule rather than to release of a cleavage fragment. PMID- 3257967 TI - Detection of both type 1 and type 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors in human cells. AB - This report describes the development and use of functional immunoradiometric assays that distinguish the activity of beta-migrating endothelial-type plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) from that of placental-type plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-2). These assays are based upon the binding of PAI-1 and PAI-2 to immobilized single-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and to immobilized urokinase (UK), respectively. The extent of binding of each PAI is quantified by incubating the PAI-PA complex first with rabbit antiserum specific for the individual PAI and then with 125I-labeled goat antirabbit IgG. In control experiments, the assays were shown to be sensitive, dose-dependent over a wide range, and specific for each PAI. These assays were employed to establish the PAI profile of a variety of human cells. Neither PAI-1 nor PAI-2 could be detected in Bowes melanoma cells or in a renal adenocarcinoma cell line (ACHN), while the histiocytic lymphoma cell (U-937) produced only PAI-2. Five cell lines, including two that were previously shown to contain one or the other PAI (e.g., umbilical vein endothelial cells and a fibrosarcoma cell line, HT-1080) in fact contained both PAIs. The cells containing both PAIs were studied in more detail. In each case, SDS treatment of CM was shown to enhance PAI-1 activity (by converting the latent form of this inhibitor into its active form) and to destroy PAI-2 activity. Various compounds including interleukin 1, dexamethasone, and phorbol myristate acetate were found to selectively influence the cellular production of one PAI without concomitantly affecting the production of the other, suggesting that the synthesis of these inhibitors is not coordinately regulated. PMID- 3257966 TI - Mode of fibroblast growth enhancement by human interleukin-1. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that interleukin-1 (IL-1) stimulates fibroblast growth (Schmidt, J. A., S. B. Mizel, D. Cohn, and I. Green. 1982. J. Immunol. 128:2177-2182) and binds to specific, high affinity receptors of BALB/c3T3 cells (Bird, T. A., and J. Saklatval. 1986. Nature (Lond.). 324:263 265, 266-268). We have investigated the mechanism of fibroblast growth stimulation by IL-1. Addition of fibroblast growth factor derived from platelets (PDGF) to a quiescent culture of BALB/c3T3 cells produced 8-10-fold increase in DNA synthesis during 24-h incubation. The cellular action of PDGF was mediated through competence induction and required synergistic action of plasma-derived factors for full mitogenic activity. When tested at a wide range of concentrations (0.1-100 pM), natural IL-1 or recombinant IL-1 produced only a maximum of 5-10% of DNA synthesis elicited in response to PDGF or serum. Induction of DNA synthesis required continuous presence of IL-1 and did not exhibit synergism with plasma. Competence induction and mitogenic stimulation by PDGF was associated with early induction of proteins P32, P38, P46-48, P75, and changes in cytoskeletal organization. Examination of these early cellular changes showed that IL-1 did not produce similar induction of cellular proteins and the morphological changes associated with growth stimulation. These results suggest that the mode of IL-1 action on BALB/c3T3 was not through competence induction. When IL-1 was added to cells rendered competent by brief exposure to PDGF, 10-15% additional DNA synthesis occurred during the first 24 h. Extended incubation of PDGF-treated cells in the presence of IL-1 revealed that the stimulation by IL-1 occurred predominantly during the subsequent cycle of DNA replication, wherein DNA synthesis reached three- to fivefold higher than the untreated cultures. We conclude (a) IL-1 alone is not a potent mitogen for BALB/c3T3 cells, and does not bring cells out of the growth arrest Go phase, (b) treatment with PDGF renders the cells more responsive to IL-1, (c) part of the IL-1 action on competent cells may be characterized as progression inducing activity, further, (d) our results indicate that action of IL-1 on PDGF-treated cells produces sustained DNA synthesis for an extended period, perhaps by preventing the entry of cells into growth arrest Go phase. PMID- 3257968 TI - Interleukin-1 regulation of hematopoietic growth factor production by human stromal fibroblasts. AB - The human stromal fibroblastoid cell strain designated ST-1 represents a normal population of cells capable of supporting hematopoiesis in vitro. These cells constitutively elaborate hematopoietic growth factor activity into the medium and the level of production of this activity dramatically increases following stimulation of the cells with IL-1. This enhanced production is due at least in part to increased expression of the genes for GM-CSF, G-CSF, and IL-6, but not IL 3. The IL-1 treatment had little effect on the expression of M-CSF, a factor made constitutively by the cells. These results are consistent with the model that hematopoiesis is regulated at least in part by constant short-range interactions of humoral factors produced by stromal cells both with other types of stromal cells and with the hematopoietic progenitors. PMID- 3257969 TI - Natural killer and natural killer-like cell activity of peripheral blood and intrathyroidal mononuclear cells from patients with Graves' disease. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the natural killer (NK) and natural killer-like (NK-like) cell cytotoxic activity toward autologous thyrocytes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MNC) and thyroid gland mononuclear cells (TG-MNC) from previously hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease, and the effects of recombinant interleukin-2 on such cytotoxic activity. The average cytotoxicities of PB-MNC from Graves' patients toward K562 cells (NK-sensitive cells), Raji cells (NK-resistant cells), and autologous thyrocytes were 23.9 +/- 10.8 (+/- SD) lytic units (LU), 7.4 +/- 3.8 LU, and 11.7 +/- 4.4 LU, respectively. There were no differences in the NK and NK-like cell activity of PB MNC between Graves' disease patients and normal subjects. In contrast to PB-MNC from patients with Graves' disease, NK and NK-like cell activity was markedly decreased in TG-MNC (NK cell activity, 2.1 +/- 2.3 LU; NK-like cell activity, 1.5 +/- 1.5 LU). TG-MNC from Graves' patients had no cytotoxic activity against autologous thyrocytes. Using the monoclonal anti-Leu 7 and anti-CD16 antibodies and a two-color immunofluorescence method, the NK cell subsets were examined in PB-MNC and TG-MNC from Graves' patients. The percentage of CD16+ cells was significantly decreased in TG-MNC compared to PB-MNC, whereas there was no significant difference in the percentage of Leu 7+ cells between PB-MNC and TG MNC. Incubation of TG-MNC with medium only did not increase the NK and NK-like cell activity of these cells. Furthermore, incubation of autologous PB-MNC with supernatants of minced thyroid tissues did not alter their NK and NK-like cell activity. The decreased NK and NK-like cell activity of TG-MNC was augmented when these cells were incubated with recombinant interleukin-2. These results suggest that the reduction of NK cell activity in TG-MNC may allow perpetuation of B-cell activation and lead to excessive production of autoantibody in thyroid tissue. PMID- 3257970 TI - Microsomal antigen-reactive lymphocyte lines and clones derived from thyroid tissue of patients with Graves' disease. AB - Thyroid mononuclear cells (TMC) were maintained in long term cocultures with thyroid fibroblasts and thyroid epithelial cells from patients with Graves' disease, using medium supplemented with thyroid microsomal antigen (McAg) and IL 2. The TMC consisted predominantly of T4+ (CD4+, helper) and, to a lesser extent, T8+ (CD8+, cytotoxic/suppressor) lymphocytes, with a small number of macrophages and natural killer cells. The average T4+ to T8+ ratio was 3.2. From these cultures we obtained thyroid T cell lines and clones reactive to thyroid antigens. T Cell lines were tested in a microproliferation assay using thyroglobulin (Tg), McAg, tetanus toxoid, and IL-2. Of 14 lines from 6 patients, 2 proliferated in response to McAg when TMC plus thyroid fibroblasts were used as antigen-presenting cells. Clones of thyroid lymphocytes were obtained by culturing cells at limiting dilution with IL-2, McAg, and different types of autologous accessory cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells plus skin fibroblasts provided the best source of accessory cells, allowing near 100% cloning efficiency. Of 26 clones tested, 6 recognized McAg, 2 were Tg reactive, and 3 were autoreactive. All phenotyped clones were of the T4+ phenotype. Our method results in production of thyroid T cell lines and clones. The fibroblasts probably provided growth factors and/or collaborated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells as antigen-presenting cells. These lines and clones from patients with Graves' disease were predominantly helper T cells, in contrast to the previously demonstrated cytotoxic/suppressor cell predominance in cells from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This difference in cell function may help explain the differing clinical courses of these two closely related autoimmune thyroid diseases. The availability of long term microsomal antigen-specific T cell clones should allow careful analysis of the role these cells play in thyroid autoimmunity. PMID- 3257971 TI - Hypothesis: a role for tumor necrosis factor in immune-mediated demyelination and its relevance to multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3257972 TI - Spinal origins of preganglionic B and C neurons that innervate paravertebral sympathetic ganglia nine and ten of the bullfrog. AB - These experiments were designed to characterize the distribution, morphology, and number of spinal preganglionic neurons that selectively innervate the B- and C type sympathetic neurons in paravertebral ganglia 9 and 10 of the bullfrog. For this purpose, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the anterior end of the sectioned sympathetic chain between ganglia 8 and 9. Subsequent retrograde axonal transport of the HRP labeled ipsilateral spinal neurons whose cell bodies form a column having rostral and caudal boundaries that are, respectively, just caudal to the level of spinal nerve 4 and midway between the entry zones of spinal nerves 7 and 8. In all segments, the labeled preganglionic somata were found in the lateral half of the spinal gray and slightly dorsal to the central canal; a position analogous to that of the intermediolateral cell column in mammals. Most labeled preganglionic neurons were multipolar in shape, and the cell bodies lying between spinal nerves 4 and 5 were, on average, larger than those found between spinal nerves 7 and 8. In transverse sections that were cut near spinal nerve 5, the axons of preganglionic neurons could be seen to exit the cord through ventral roots. Counts of labeled preganglionic neurons indicate that an average +/- S.D. of 338 +/- 89 cells innervate ganglia 9 and 10. Selective labeling of preganglionic B neurons, by cutting spinal nerves 7 and 8 central to their rami communicantes at the time of HRP application, revealed an average +/- S.D. of 137 +/- 31 cells that lie exclusively between spinal nerves 4 and 6. By contrast, selective labeling of preganglionic C neurons, by cutting the sympathetic chain rostral to ganglion 7 at the time of HRP application, revealed an average +/- S.D. of 187 +/- 77 cells in an adjacent portion of the preganglionic column that is bounded by spinal nerve 6 and by a point midway between spinal nerves 7 and 8. These results thus demonstrate a clear segmental segregation between the preganglionic B and C neurons that innervate ganglia 9 and 10. PMID- 3257973 TI - Spontaneous familial systemic lupus erythematosus in a canine breeding colony. AB - A colony of German shepherd dogs was studied in which a high proportion of antinuclear antibody (ANAb) carriers and dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like signs were found. The titre of serum thymulin and the percentage of circulating T lymphocytes were both low. The incidence of disease decreased down the generations through the introduction of outside sires, thus suggesting a genetic origin for the disease. PMID- 3257974 TI - A colostral protein that induces the growth and differentiation of resting B lymphocytes. AB - We describe the first protein of mammalian origin that induces the growth and differentiation of resting B lymphocytes. A proline-rich protein has been isolated from sheep colostrum. A purified proline-rich protein preparation (PRPP) induced resting mouse B cells into and supported their progression through the cell cycle at frequencies comparable with those seen for LPS. Differentiation of resting B cells to plaque formation was also supported as efficiently by PRPP as it was by LPS. However, PRPP was distinct from LPS in that it supported the growth and differentiation of resting B cells derived from either C3H/Tif or C3H/HeJ mice. Splenocytes from neonatal mice responded robustly to PRPP with the growth and differentiation of contained B cells to plaque formation. Unlike LPS, PRPP did not induce detectable Ig isotype switching. PMID- 3257975 TI - Characterization of antigen processing and presentation by resting B lymphocytes. AB - The production of antibody to a thymus-dependent Ag requires cooperation between the B cell and an Ag-specific Th cell. MHC restriction of this interaction implies that the Th cell recognizes Ag on the B cell surface in the context of MHC molecules and that the Ag-specific B cell gets help by acting as an APC for the Th cell. However, a number of studies have suggested that normal resting B cells are ineffective as APC, implying that the B cell must leave the resting state before it can interact specifically with a Th cell. Other studies, including our own with rabbit globulin-specific mouse T cell lines and hybridomas, show that certain T cell lines can be efficiently stimulated by normal resting B cells. One possible explanation for the above contradiction is that our B cells have become activated before presentation. Here we show that presentation by size-selected small B cells is not the result of nonspecific activation signals generated by the T cells or components of the medium. Also, although LPS activation does increase the efficiency of presentation by small B cells, use of large cells in place of small cells or preincubation of resting B cells with mitogenic doses of anti-Ig does not. Another possibility that we considered was that small B cells are unable to process Ag and that we had selected T cell lines that were capable of recognizing native Ag on the B cell surface. In the majority of cases, experiments with B cell lines and macrophages have shown that Ag presentation requires Ag processing, a sequence of events that includes internalization of Ag into an acid compartment, denaturation or digestion of Ag into fragments, and its return to the cell surface in the context of class II MHC molecules. The experiments reported here show that our T cell lines require an Ag processing step and that small resting B cells, like other APC, process Ag before presenting it to T cells. Specifically, we show that an incubation of 2 to 4 h is required after the Ag pulse before Ag presentation becomes resistant to irradiation. Shortly after the pulse, the Ag enters a pronase-resistant compartment. Although efficient Ag presentation requires initial binding to membrane Ig, Ag is no longer associated with membrane Ig at the time of presentation and is not presented in its intact form, because removal of membrane Ig by goat anti-Ig blocks presentation before but not after the Ag pulse. PMID- 3257976 TI - Resting B lymphocytes can be triggered directly through the CDw40 (Bp50) antigen. A comparison with IL-4-mediated signaling. AB - Resting tonsillar B lymphocytes were shown to enlarge and become more buoyant when exposed to either IL-4 or a mAb (G28-5) to the 50-kDa CDw40 Ag. A striking feature of activation through CDw40 was the promotion of strong homotypic adhesions which did not occur in populations cultured with IL-4. Whereas the CDw40 antibody down-regulated its target Ag, an increased expression of CDw40 accompanied IL-4 stimulation. Similarly, only IL-4, and not the CDw40 antibody, was able to induce the appearance of CD23 on the resting B cell surface. Functionally, the major consequence of ligating CDw40 on resting B cells was that they remained alert to subsequent mitogenic signaling--cells incubated with IL-4 developed the same sluggish response as noted in control cultures. Together, IL-4 and the CDw40 antibody provoked a small, but significant, level of DNA synthesis in tonsillar B cells which was enhanced dramatically by the inclusion of low m.w. B cell growth factor. This latter agent had no discernible direct effect on resting B lymphocytes. The different pathways which have been observed for triggering resting B cells are discussed. PMID- 3257977 TI - Interactions between B lymphocyte subpopulations. Augmentation of the responses of resting B lymphocytes by activated B lymphocytes. AB - Mouse B lymphocytes were fractionated from normal T lymphocyte-depleted spleen cell populations using discontinuous percoll gradients and were stimulated with rabbit F(ab')2 anti-mouse mu-specific antibodies (anti-mu) plus the supernatant of Con A-stimulated rat spleen cells (SN) as a source of lymphokines. The responses of small (mean volume 120 mu 3), dense (greater than 1.087 specific gravity), resting (least spontaneous thymidine incorporation) B lymphocytes were augmented by irradiated (4000 rad), larger (mean volume greater than 170 mu 3), less dense (less than 1.081 specific gravity), activated (greater spontaneous thymidine incorporation) B lymphocytes. Proliferation was augmented 2- to 4-fold and polyclonal antibody-forming cell responses three- to sixfold. Maximal augmentation of the responses of 5 X 10(4) resting B cells was obtained with 10(4) activated B cells. Augmenting activity was specific for activated B lymphocytes in that responses were not augmented by irradiated thymocytes, T lymphoblasts, macrophages, or additional supernatant. B lymphocytes activated in vitro by LPS or anti-mu also had augmenting activity. Augmentation of responses was maximal only when activated B lymphocytes were added simultaneously with anti mu. The interaction between activated and resting B lymphocytes did not appear to be genetically restricted. Interestingly, the augmenting activity of activated B cells could be reconstituted by a combination of supernatant and cell membranes from these cells but not by either alone, suggesting that two components are required, one soluble and the other membrane-bound. Thus, a functional interaction has been demonstrated between B lymphocyte subpopulations which differ in their state of activation, and this interaction appears to involve a novel mechanism of action. PMID- 3257978 TI - Type II collagen-induced murine arthritis. I. Induction and perpetuation of arthritis require synergy between humoral and cell-mediated immunity. AB - Immunization of DBA/1 mice with type II collagen resulted in typical and progressive arthritis, which is associated with the production of high titer of anti-collagen antibody and the induction of cell-mediated immunity as exemplified by delayed type hypersensitivity response as well as lymphokine production. In contrast, administration of heat-denatured collagen into DBA/1 mice failed to induce the arthritis. These mice produced only marginal antibody, whereas they developed comparable cell-mediated immunity to that induced by immunization with native collagen, and therefore the inoculation of heat-denatured collagen provided the regimen capable of inducing preferentially cell-mediated immunity without the generation of high level of antibody. Inasmuch as administration of antibody induced only marginal and transient joint swelling not associated with typical histologic lesion, the synergistic effect of humoral and cell-mediated immunities was investigated using antibody preparation and the regimen to induce selectively cell-mediated immunity. The results demonstrate that administration of antibody into DBA/1 mice pre-sensitized with heat-denatured collagen resulted in potent and progressive arthritis. Such synergy was further confirmed by the induction of arthritis in T cell-depleted DBA/1 mice that had been adoptively transferred with antibody and lymphoid cells from heat-denatured collagen sensitized mice. Moreover, it was revealed that the nature of cells capable of transferring cell-mediated immunity was of Thy-1+ and L3T4+ Lyt-2-. These results indicate that anti-collagen antibody and L3T4+ T cell-mediated cellular immunity are crucially required for the perpetuated development of type II collagen induced arthritis. PMID- 3257979 TI - IL-4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) exhibits thymocyte growth factor activity in the presence of IL-2. AB - The proliferative activity of thymocytes cultured with IL-2 and submitogenic concentrations of PHA is increased by 3- to 10-fold in the presence of IL-4. In contrast, IL-4 alone is unable to induce proliferative activity in thymocyte cultures and its synergistic activity is only apparent to concentrations of IL-2 above 1 U/ml. The costimulatory activity of IL-4 is abrogated by the monoclonal anti-IL-4 antibody 11B11. Furthermore, potentiation of the IL-2-mediated thymocyte proliferation is not seen with IL-1, IL-3, IFN-gamma, and granulocyte macrophage CSF. Thymocytes are at least as responsive to IL-4 as B cells and the IL-4 costimulatory activity in fractionated thymocytes appears to be restricted mainly to the Lyt-2+/L3T4- population. In contrast, purified resting mature T cells do not respond to IL-4 plus IL-2, although they did proliferate in response to IL-4 in combination with PMA. These findings indicate that thymocytes and mature T cells are responsive to the costimulatory activity of IL-4 under quite different conditions, and that IL-4 may play an important role in thymocyte maturation in the thymus. PMID- 3257980 TI - Adherence induces selective mRNA expression of monocyte mediators and proto oncogenes. AB - Adherence is an important regulatory signal for several monokines and the proto oncogenes c-fms and c-fos in human peripheral blood monocytes. Although there is little if any constitutive expression of the IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and CSF-1 genes in freshly isolated monocytes, adherence is sufficient to induce high steady state levels of mRNA for TNF and c-fos and more slowly that of CSF-1. Expression of mRNA for the CSF-1R gene, c-fms, was transiently down-regulated by 4 h. In contrast, the induction of high levels of IL-1 beta mRNA were achieved independent of culture conditions. Although all of these genes could be induced by adherence, actual secretion of the mediators required the exposure to a second signal derived from LPS. Thus adherence rapidly primes monocytes for a variety of inflammatory responses, the magnitude of which depends on the nature of a second "activating" signal. It is likely that some of these products act locally as paracrine or autocrine factors to further regulate the phenotype of the differentiating macrophage. PMID- 3257982 TI - Migration of T lymphocytes following i.v. injection. PMID- 3257981 TI - Characterization of natural killer activity in sponge matrix allografts. AB - NK cell activity, defined by the ability of infiltrating host cells to lyse the YAC-1 tumor target, can be detected in sponge matrix allografts across all genetic barriers tested. Nonspecific tumor cell killing cannot be detected either within bulk populations of host-infiltrating cells or in populations enriched for non-adherent lymphocytes. NK activity is also detected in cells infiltrating a syngeneic sponge matrix graft although to a much lesser extent than an allogeneic graft. NK cell functional activity at the graft site precedes the appearance of alloimmune CTL by several days. The surface phenotype of the NK cell is Thy-1.2+ and L3T4- as determined by depleting the various subpopulations with antibody and C. Systemic treatment of sponge-bearing animals with repeated injections of anti asialo GM1 (AGM1) results in inhibition of both NK activity and CTL activity recovered from the graft on days 5 to 9 after grafting, but on days 11 to 13 after grafting both NK activity and CTL activity are found within the sponge graft. Treatment of sponge-associated cells with anti-AGM1 in vitro or intrasponge injection of anti-AGM1 at various times after grafting eliminates NK activity more readily than alloimmune CTL activity. The intimate association observed between NK cells and alloimmune CTL at the graft site prompts further investigation into the role of NK cells in the allograft response. PMID- 3257983 TI - Graft-versus-host reaction-induced immune modulation. I. Donor-recipient genetic disparity and the differential expression of Lyt-2, L3T4, and Ly-6 during acute reactions in the host thymus. AB - To investigate the effects of graft-vs-host reactions (GvHR) on cells in a central lymphoid compartment, GvHR were induced across class I/II or class II only major histocompatibility complex differences utilizing the parent into nonirradiated F1 hybrid (P----F1) model. Thymocytes were subsequently examined during the acute stage of GvHR for the expression of Lyt-2, L3T4, and Ly-6 cell surface molecules. Class I/II "suppressive" GvHR resulted in a dramatic decrease (greater than 85%) in total thymocyte numbers by 2 wk after parental cell injection. Although a dramatic decrease in the percentages of Lyt-2 (85%----30%) and L3T4 (95%----50%) expression was observed, the percentage of thymocytes expressing Ly-6 was markedly increased compared to uninjected controls (5%--- greater than 80%). This increased percentage was not due solely to a selective loss of Ly-6 negative cells from the thymus, since the actual number of Ly-6 positive cells was greater in GvHR mice than in controls. Class II GvHR during the same time interval resulted in a less dramatic decrease (20 to 60%) in total thymocyte numbers. In addition, the effect on the percentages of Lyt-2 (85%--- approximately 70%) and L3T4 (95%----approximately 85) expression was subtle and transient. However, intrathymic Ly-6 expression was again clearly enhanced (5%--- 20 to 30%). Class I/II "proliferative" or "stimulatory" GvHR differ from "suppressive" reactions in that they are characterized by stimulatory pathologic symptoms and the appearance of autoimmune abnormalities. Such GvHR were found to result in minimal alteration of total thymocyte numbers. Similarly, the percentage expression of Lyt-2 and L3T4 was marginally affected. However, the percentage of Ly-6 expression was increased from 5%----20 to 30% and thus these intrathymic lymphocyte profiles more closely resemble those of class II as compared to class I/II "suppressive" GvHR. The present findings therefore demonstrate that major histocompatibility complex differences alone do not necessarily determine the effects of GvHR on recipient thymocytes and that Ly-6 is a useful marker for the early detection of GvHR-associated immunologic events. PMID- 3257984 TI - CD4 is involved in a post-binding event in the cytolytic reaction mediated by human CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones. AB - CTL lyse their target cells in discrete phases. First, the CTL bind to the target cell in a Mg2+-dependent manner followed by a Ca2+-dependent cytolytic phase. In the present study, we investigated the role of CD4 in the different phases of the cytolytic reaction mediated by human CD4+ class II MHC-specific CTL clones by using a single cell assay. It was found that the anti-CD4+ mAb OKT4A, which blocks cytotoxic reactions by CD4+ CTL clones as measured with a 51Cr release assay, only marginally affects the formation of conjugates. It appeared that OKT4A more strongly blocked the post-binding phase of the cytolytic reaction. In contrast, anti-leukocyte function-associated mAb strongly blocked the formation of conjugates but not the subsequent lytic phase. As was found previously with CD8+ CTL clones, anti-TCR mAb generally did not affect the formation of conjugates. One exception was noted. The activity of a CD4+ CTL clone, HY-640, could not be blocked by OKT4A, but was affected by an anti-TCR mAb. This anti-TCR mAb could partly reduce the formation of conjugates between HY-640 cells and their specific target cells. These results suggest that this clone has a high affinity TCR, which can contribute to the formation of conjugates. Although preincubation of the CTL clones with OKT4A only marginally affects the number of conjugates upon subsequent mixture with target cells, it was observed that incubation at 37 degrees C of preformed conjugates with OKT4A markedly reduced the number of conjugates. This dissociation of preformed conjugates was optimal only after 2 h of incubation. In contrast, an anti-leukocyte function-associated mAb induced a much more rapid dissociation of preformed conjugates. PMID- 3257985 TI - Role of the CD22 human B cell antigen in B cell triggering by anti immunoglobulin. AB - As B cells mature during ontogeny the CD22 human differentiation Ag is exported from the cytoplasm onto the membrane. Surface expression is lost in terminal differentiation and after activation. In tonsils, CD22 is expressed on the surface of 60 to 80% of the dense B cells. Some IgM+ dense cells, however, and buoyant in vivo activated B cells are CD22-. This differential expression of CD22 and the finding that an anti-CD22 mAb augmented anti-Ig induced B cell proliferation suggested that CD22 may play a role in B cell activation. In this study we have found that CD22+ but not CD22- B cells could be triggered by anti IgM or anti-IgD to have increased free intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). The presence of CD22 rather than of IgD seems to determine the ability of B cells to respond to anti-Ig with a [Ca2+]i flux. Also the proliferative response to anti Ig or anti-Ig + B cell growth factor was restricted to the CD22+ population. Anti CD22 mAb, although not inducing [Ca2+]i on their own after binding to B cells, did augment [Ca2+]i fluxes by anti-Ig when cross-linked. Together these results suggest that CD22 may regulate triggering of B cells through surface Ig perhaps by acting as a "bridge" to transmit an early signal into the cytoplasm. PMID- 3257986 TI - Antigen as a positive and negative regulator of proliferation in cytotoxic lymphocytes. A model for the differential regulation of proliferation and lytic activity. AB - The goal of these experiments has been to capitalize on the functionally distinct responses of heteroclitic CTL to cross-reactive Ag to explore the role of Ag in regulating CTL proliferation and lytic function. The experiments here have examined one of these clones in detail but several such clones appear similar. The principal findings were: 1) proliferation and lysis may be optimally stimulated by quantitatively different interactions, 2) Ag can have negative as well as positive effects on the proliferative potential of the responding cell, and 3) both positive and negative effects on lysis can be mimicked by agents which are similar to the second messengers produced by stimulating the TCR. PMID- 3257987 TI - Clearance and organ localization of small DNA anti-DNA immune complexes in mice. AB - DNA anti-DNA immune complexes (IC) play a major role in the pathogenesis of SLE. We studied the clearance and organ localization of small DNA anti-DNA IC formed at different Ag/antibody ratios in normal mice. IC formed at Ag excess, containing areas of "exposed" DNA not covered by IgG, showed rapid Ag-mediated clearance from the circulation by the liver. DNAse digestion of these IC in vitro yielded small IC devoid of exposed DNA that were cleared more slowly from the circulation. IC formed at antibody excess were cleared by an Ag-independent mechanism at rates proportional to the number of IgG in the IC. None of the IC studied bound significantly to complement receptors on circulating cells in vivo or in vitro. For all IC, after initial rapid clearance, 10 to 20% of the injected material persisted in the circulation. Analysis of these IC showed that they were processed in vivo to yield complexes similar to those generated by in vitro DNAse digestion. We conclude that IC containing exposed DNA are removed rapidly from the circulation by Ag-mediated clearance. However, in vivo processing of IC occurs to yield smaller IC that are cleared slowly. We propose that these IC containing small DNA may persist in the circulation and accumulate in tissues, thereby playing an important role in the pathogenesis of tissue injury in SLE. PMID- 3257988 TI - Effects of tobacco glycoprotein (TGP) on the immune system. II. TGP stimulates the proliferation of human T cells and the differentiation of human B cells into Ig secreting cells. AB - We have been studying the effects of tobacco glycoprotein (TGP), a polyphenol rich glycoprotein isolated from cured tobacco leaves, on the immune system. We have shown previously that mice immunized with TGP produce preferentially antibodies of the IgE isotype and that TGP is a T cell-independent B cell mitogen for mice, which stimulates B cell proliferation and B cell differentiation into Ig-secreting cells. We report herein that TGP stimulates a significant increase in [3H]TdR incorporation by human PBL and by human cord blood lymphocytes. The magnitude of the proliferative response of PBL to TGP does not correlate with the donor's titer of IgE antibodies to TGP, as assayed by a wheal and flare response after an i.d. injection of TGP, neither does it correlate with the donor's smoking history. [3H]TdR uptake is not observed before day 5 of culture, and the response peaks between days 5 and 10 of culture. Analysis of the cellular basis for the proliferative response suggests that T cells are proliferating. Two parameter analysis by flow cytometry shows that CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells are in the S + G2 + M phases, but not Ig-bearing cells or monocytes. A significant increase in HLA-DR (Ia)-bearing cells is observed on cells in all of the cell cycle phases. This increase coincides with cells entering the S phase. No increase is observed in the expression of the IL-2-R as assayed by the anti-Tac antibody. TGP also stimulates human PBL to differentiate and to produce Ig of the IgM, IgG, and IgA isotypes, without stimulating a detectable B cell proliferative response. The proliferative response of PBL is clearly due to TGP and not to contamination with LPS, because by the limulus amebocyte assay the TGP preparation contains less than 2% LPS, which could not account for the stimulation observed. PMID- 3257989 TI - Detection of arthritogenic factor in adjuvant arthritis. AB - An evocation of arthritis by an Ag-specific lymphokine has recently been considered with the description of arthritogenic factor (AF) in rats with collagen arthritis. Because rats with CFA-induced arthritis also exhibit T cell reactivity to native type II collagen, T cell lines specific for this protein were established from CFA-injected rats. Supernatant material from these lines contained a type II collagen-binding lymphokine with functional and biochemical attributes identical with those described for AF, i.e., it was a 65-kDa species cross-reacting immunoprotein possessing the ability to incite an erosive, proliferative synovitis when injected into the knee joint of naive recipients. Similarities were also observed with HPLC and on two-dimensional gels. Lymph node cells from rats with arthritis created by injection of the synthetic adjuvant, CP 20,961 failed to produce AF, suggesting that this material is not a ubiquitous concomitant of inflammatory arthritis in the rat. Test injections into sites contiguous with the ear cartilage plate and into fibroblast-lined s.c. pouches suggested that cartilage was a requisite for the induction of inflammation by AF. These data identify a potentially shared effector pathway in the collagen and adjuvant models. The presence of AF in two frequently used models further supports the hypothesis that Ag-specific lymphokines can create autoimmune disease. PMID- 3257990 TI - Myelin proteolipid protein-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Variations of disease expression in different strains of mice. AB - Strains of mice with diverse genetic backgrounds were tested for susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by myelin proteolipid protein. EAE was elicited in all strains of mice tested, but the clinical and histologic features varied. SJL (H-2s) mice had a high incidence of both clinical and histologic disease characterized by early onset of clinical signs. Inguinal lymph node T cells from diseased animals responded specifically [( 3H]thymidine incorporation) to proteolipid protein and not to myelin basic protein. In contrast, BALB/c (H-2d), DBA/1 (H-2q), C57BL/6 (H-2b), AKR (H-2k), CBA (H-2k), C3H (H-2k), B10.BR (H-2k), and C57BR (H-2k) mice showed a later onset of clinical signs and typically a lower disease incidence. However, the most marked variations in disease incidence occurred among BALB/c (H-2d) substrains in which the incidence of EAE ranged from eight of nine (BALB/cPt) to complete resistance (BALB/cWt and BALB/cORNL). Because these BALB/c substrains were initially derived from the same inbred genetic source and are serologically identical at H-2, these results suggest that expression of proteolipid protein-induced EAE in the mouse involves additional loci outside the MHC. PMID- 3257991 TI - Recombinant murine IL-3 fails to stimulate T or B lymphopoiesis in vivo, but enhances immune responses to T cell-dependent antigens. AB - We have explored the in vivo effect of IL-3 on the lymphopoiesis and humoral responses of mice bearing osmotic minipumps loaded with murine rIL-3 for 1 to 4 wk. A marked splenomegaly due to the accumulation of hemopoietic precursors was seen, but no increase was found in the lymphoid organs in the total number of cells belonging to the T or B lymphocyte lineage, i.e., of L3T4+ or Lyt-2+, or of allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor for the T lineage, or of sIg+ or B220+ cells, or of B colony-forming cells for the B lineage; total activity of natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cells was decreased. In contrast to the splenomegaly, a marked diminution in the number of thymocytes was observed, suggesting that rIL-3 in large amounts does suppress the T lymphopoiesis, perhaps as the result of the selective stimulation of early progenitor cells toward the hemopoietic pathway. rIL-3 perfusion during immunization increased the IgM and IgG responses to a T cell-dependent antigen, human IgG, and prevented tolerance induction by the deaggregated human IgG, although in the same conditions it did not modify the response to a T cell independent antigen. Our results suggest that in vivo IL-3 does not act directly on lymphocytes or their precursors, but may potentiate the humoral immune response to T cell-dependent antigens, presumably by acting on accessory cells. PMID- 3257992 TI - Analysis of the suppression of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta production in human peripheral blood mononuclear adherent cells by a glucocorticoid hormone. AB - The suppression of IL-1 production in human adherent PBMC by a glucocorticoid hormone was studied. From 10(-5) to 10(-8) M glucocorticoid hormone (prednisolone) inhibited both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta production by LPS stimulated adherent human PBMC in a dose-dependent fashion, as assayed by Western blotting of cell-associated IL-1 and a thymocyte comitogenic bioassay. IL-1 alpha and -beta mRNA levels were concomitantly suppressed by glucocorticoid treatment, as determined by Northern blotting analysis. These data suggest that the suppression of IL-1 activity by glucocorticoids is consistently associated with decreased levels of IL-1 proteins and mRNA expression and therefore presumably regulated at the transcriptional level. PMID- 3257993 TI - Expression of the tumor necrosis factor locus is not necessary for the cytolytic activity of T lymphocytes. AB - In order to test whether tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-alpha) or beta (TNF beta, also known as lymphotoxin) are involved in the lysis of target cells by cytolytic T lymphocytes, we probed for the presence of the TNF mRNAs in several quiescent and activated CTL clones. No TNF mRNA could be found in constitutively cytolytic Lyt-2+ clones, and only two out of three clones tested accumulated TNF mRNA after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. Of two L3T4+ clones that can be induced to become cytolytic by a combination of antigen and IL 1, only one accumulated TNF-beta mRNA in the process. The PC60 rat X mouse T cell hybrid, which becomes cytolytic in response to a combination of IL-1 and IL-2, also failed to accumulate TNF mRNA after stimulation with these agents. Our results strongly suggest that TNF-alpha or -beta are not necessary agents of the cytolytic activity exhibited by antigen-specific T lymphocytes. PMID- 3257994 TI - Cell-mediated immune responses in human infection with Onchocerca volvulus. AB - Mechanisms involved in modulation of the immune response in persons with chronic Onchocerca volvulus infection are poorly understood. In this study in vitro reactivity of PBMC to O. volvulus antigen (Ovag), streptolysin O (SL-O) and the mitogen PHA was tested in 62 infected individuals (INF), 17 persons living in the endemic area with exposure to the infection, but with no detectable infection (END), and 7 healthy controls (CTRL) in Liberia, West Africa. Mean blastogenic responses to Ovag were minimal and did not differ between the groups. There was, however, heterogenous reactivity to Ovag in the INF and END. For example, individuals with a history of therapy, and half of those less than 17 yr old who were tested, showed high responses. No significant differences in the response to SL-O or PHA were detected between the groups. IL-2 production in response to Ovag was minimal in the majority of infected subjects. Exogenous IL-2 was found to cause a significant increase in mean responses to Ovag and SL-O in INF and END only. Similarly, Ovag did not stimulate IL-1 production in most INF, whereas stimulation with LPS led to significantly greater production of IL-1. Depletion of plastic and nylon wool adherent cells did not increase responses to parasite related antigen in INF, END or CTRL; however, responses to SL-O were augmented in INF, an effect that was also observed in CTRL. Finally, depletion of CD8 or CD16 cells in INF by C lysis did not increase blastogenic responses. These results indicate that cell-mediated immunity to parasite-related Ag as reflected in lymphocyte responses in vitro is diminished in infected individuals, and that this may be caused by defects in T cell activation. PMID- 3257995 TI - Identification of antigens and antibodies specific for Pneumocystis carinii. AB - To increase understanding of Pneumocystis carinii and its interaction with its hosts, Ag specific for rodent and human P. carinii were identified by the immunoblot method after PAGE of P. carinii organism extracts. The m.w. of the major Ag of rat P. carinii were 45,000, 110,000, and a broad band of 49,000 to 64,000, and of human P. carinii were 22,000, 24,000, and a broad band of 35,000 to 45,000 daltons. Human and rat pneumocystis were not antigenically identical. Specific antibodies against rat P. carinii Ag were found in 18 of 79 rats by the immunoblot method. Specific antibodies against human P. carinii Ag were found in 32 of 33 adult human sera, but in only 1 of 8 sera from infants and children. Specific antibodies were found in sera of 13 of the 14 adults with no history of P. carinii pneumonia, and all 19 patients with recently diagnosed P. carinii pneumonia, including 9 patients with P. carinii pneumonia associated with AIDS. The results of this study support previous suggestions that a large proportion of adults have been exposed to P. carinii and provide a basis for the further investigations of host-P. carinii interactions. PMID- 3257996 TI - A sensitive dot blot procedure for detecting mRNA in lymphoid cells grown in liquid culture. AB - A sensitive dot blot procedure for detecting RNA transcripts with radiolabelled cDNA probes in small numbers of cells in suspension culture is described. For a frequent mRNA species such as that for immunoglobulin in an IgM secretor hybridoma, as few as 30 cells can be detected using a C mu probe; for a less frequent mRNA species such as transcripts coding for alpha, beta or gamma genes of the T cell receptor in T cell tumors or CTL clones, as few as 3 X 10(3) to 10(4) cells can be detected using C alpha, C beta or C gamma probes. High sensitivity is achieved by confining the cells to a very small area on the filter on which they are probed, and by treating the filter with formaldehyde. PMID- 3257997 TI - A solid-phase immunoassay to screen anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies. AB - A solid-phase assay to detect anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies was developed. In this assay microtiter plates are coated with antigens solubilized from cultured lymphoid cells by sonication and then incubated with anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies. The antigen-antibody interaction is indicated by the development of color following the addition of peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse Ig xenoantibodies and its substrate. The assay is rapid since it does not require centrifugations during the washing steps. Furthermore the assay is simple, reproducible and suitable to screen large numbers of samples and to detect antibodies recognizing determinants not exposed on the membrane of viable cells. The sensitivity of the assay is influenced by the pH of the buffer used to coat plates with antigens, by the number of cells used to prepare soluble antigens, by the incubation time of antigen preparations with plates and by the incubation time of antibody preparations with antigen-coated plates. Titration of anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies with known specificity and screening of hybridomas generated with splenocytes from mice immunized with cultured human lymphoid cells indicate that the sensitivity of the solid-phase assay is similar to that of the ELISA with lymphoid cells. PMID- 3257998 TI - A simplified assay for the detection of C3a in human plasma employing a monoclonal antibody raised against denatured C3. AB - A monoclonal antibody raised against SDS-denatured C3 was shown to react with both solid-phase C3a and unfragmented C3. However, in the fluid phase the antibody was found to bind only to C3a and not to native C3. These findings indicated that the antibody could be used in an assay to detect C3a in human EDTA plasma without prior separation of C3a from native C3. A simple and rapid competition ELISA was developed which monitored soluble C3a. 200 microliter of C3a (8 ng) was absorbed to plastic wells over night at 4 degrees C. Thereafter, 50 microliter of sample and 50 microliter of constant amounts of monoclonal antibody conjugated with beta-galactosidase, were incubated for 60 min at 37 degrees C. After washing, the colour reaction was started by adding nitrophenyl galactopyridine to the wells. The microtitre plate was incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min and the staining intensity was quantified at 405 nm. The assay detected both C3a and C3ades arg. A strong correlation was obtained between the new technique and an RIA which used an acid precipitation step for the separation of C3a prior to the determination of C3a (r = 0.9). Significantly higher levels of C3a were detected both in plasma from patients with immune complexes (93 +/- 9 ng/ml; P less than 0.1) and in plasma from patients treated in blood oxygenators (140 +/- 19 ng/ml; P less than 0.05) than in plasma from normal subjects (74 +/- 4 ng/ml). The results were not affected by repeated freezing and thawing of the plasma samples. PMID- 3257999 TI - Characterization of the mononuclear infiltrate in basal cell carcinoma: a predominantly T cell-mediated immune response with minor participation of Leu-7+ (natural killer) cells and Leu-14+ (B) cells. AB - We investigated the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate in 22 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) from 18 patients using a series of monoclonal antibodies. In all the 22 BCC the infiltrate consisted mainly of T cells (55 +/- 15%) and only in three cases an invasion of the tumor nests by these cells was observed. The T helper (TH) subset predominated over the T suppressor/cytotoxic (TS/C) subset (TH/TS/C ratio of 1.9 +/- 0.8). In 8 of 22 BCC mild infiltrate was observed with 48 +/- 13% T cells and a TH/TS/C ratio of 1.5 +/- 0.6. In 14 of 22 BCC moderate to heavy infiltrate with 59 +/- 15% T cells and a TH/TS/C ratio of 2.0 +/- 1.0 was observed. There was a significant difference in the percentage of T cells in BCC with moderate to heavy infiltrate and that in BCC with mild infiltration. The mean percentage of HLA-DR+ cells was 54 +/- 11%; Langerhans cells (LC) 4 +/- 5%; and Leu-M5+ (monocytes and macrophages) 16 +/- 11%. Less than 2% Leu-14+(B) cells were seen in the infiltrate. The mean percentage of Leu-7+ (natural killer) cells was 4 +/- 4%, and only 1 of 22 BCC Leu-7+ cells invaded tumor nests, contacting with tumor cells. From these results we concluded that T cells play a major role in the defence against BCC proliferation. The main role of Langerhans cells and Leu-M5+ cells may be that of antigen presentation. B cells and NK cells probably play a minor role in the local defence against BCC proliferation. PMID- 3258000 TI - Appearance of Birbeck granule-like structures in anti-T6 antibody-treated human epidermal Langerhans cells. AB - We have previously demonstrated by immunogold labeling techniques that the T6 surface antigen of living human Langerhans cells (LC) of the skin is internalized by a process of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME). Receptor-mediated endocytosis induced by the binding of the monoclonal anti-T6 antibody BL6 involves coated pits, coated vesicles, endosomes, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes. After RME, gold-labeled Birbeck granules (BGs) appear in the cell center. In the present study, by modifying the experimental conditions but retaining the presence of gold-labeled BL6, we have observed (in addition to the above-mentioned gold-labeled organelles) images that appear to correspond to BG-like structures. These structures, like the intracytoplasmic BGs, are pentalaminar and gold-labeled, but they differ from the intracytoplasmic BGs by their attachment to the cell membrane, their length, the frequent presence of a coat, and by prolongation by one or more coated pits. Birbeck granule-like structures seem to result, at the ultrastructural level, from receptor ligand interactions and from modifications of the LC shape. PMID- 3258001 TI - Suppression of natural killer cell activity in humans by radiation from solarium lamps depleted of UVB. AB - Previous studies have shown that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from solarium lamps suppressed natural killer (NK) cell activity in the blood and that sunscreen lotions offered no protection against this effect. In the present study we tried to determine whether the effects on NK cell activity were caused by the UVB or the UVA components of radiation from solarium lamps by filtering out UVB with Mylar sheeting. Groups of 10 normal subjects were either left untreated or exposed for 30 min on 12 consecutive days to radiation that was filtered or not filtered through a 0.1 mm thick Mylar sheeting. NK cell activity was depressed in the group exposed to solarium radiation and this was not prevented by filtration through Mylar. The latter procedure, however, appeared to prevent changes in blood lymphocyte subsets that are induced by solarium radiation as well as the reduction in Langerhans cell numbers in skin biopsies taken after exposure to solarium radiation. Suppression of NK cell activity was evident up to 14 days after cessation of UVR exposure. This would be consistent with the replacement of NK cells from bone marrow that had been damaged as a result of direct effects of UVA on NK cells in the microcirculation of the skin or else indicate functional suppression of NK cells by suppressor cells induced by UVR as postulated for UVR induced suppression of delayed hypersensitivity responses in murine models. These studies suggest that UVA may be important in the induction of certain effects on the immune system in human subjects. Further studies are required to assess the implications of these findings with respect to induction of neoplasia and the design of sunscreens effective against UVA. PMID- 3258002 TI - Ultrastructural localization of 2,4-dinitrophenyl groups in mouse epidermis following skin painting with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and 2,4 dinitrothiocyanatebenzene: an immunoelectron microscopical study. AB - The ultrastructural localization of 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) groups in mouse epidermis after epicutaneous application of the contact sensitizer 2,4 dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and the tolerogen 2,4-dinitrothiocyanatebenzene (DNTB) was investigated at varying times using immunoelectron microscopy with the protein A - gold technique. After application of DNFB, there was a homogenous cytoplasmic labeling of all epidermal cells. The intracellular localization of the DNP groups was not restricted to cytoplasmic organelles belonging to the endocytotic - lysosomal system. The numerous endocytotic organelles, Birbeck granules, and lysosomes of the Langerhans cells (LCs) typically observed after application of contact sensitizers also did not show an increased number of gold particles. Skin painting with DNTB resulted in a similar distribution and time course of immunolabeling, but this compound did not induce cellular and the endocytotic activation of LCs as seen after DNFB application. These results demonstrate that contact sensitizers do not require specific cellular uptake and intracellular processing by the endocytotic - lysosomal compartment of the LCs before membrane presentation. However, a cellular and endocytotic activation of the LCs by haptens may be an important mechanism for T effector cell activation. PMID- 3258003 TI - Experimental Lyme arthritis in rats infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. PMID- 3258004 TI - A large subpopulation of avian T cells express a homologue of the mammalian T gamma/delta receptor. AB - This report describes an avian TCR molecule, TCR1, whose molecular characteristics, signal-transducing property, and tissue distribution suggest that it is a homologue of the mammalian TCR-gamma/delta. TCR1+ cells are the first to be generated in the thymus during ontogeny, preceding other T3+ cells by approximately 3 d. Unlike their mammalian counterpart, TCR1+ cells constitute a relatively large subpopulation of peripheral T cells in mature chickens. These results suggest a phylogenetically important role for this receptor in T cell development and function. PMID- 3258005 TI - Expression of Ley antigen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected human T cell lines and in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC). AB - Ley determinant (Fuc alpha 1----2Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1----3]GlcNAc beta 1-- -R) defined by mAb BM-1 is highly expressed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected T cell lines and in CD3+ peripheral mature T cells of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with AIDS-related complex (ARC). Ley expression increased greatly in the CD3+ population in the advanced stage of AIDS when the CD4+ population decreased greatly. Six other carbohydrate antigens tested by their respective mAbs were not detected in these same cells. None of the carbohydrate antigens tested by the seven mAbs used in this study were found in noninfected T cell lines and in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 3258006 TI - The essential role of B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2/IL-6) for the terminal differentiation of B cells. AB - The role of recombinant B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2/IL-6) in the regulation of growth and differentiation of B cells was investigated. rBSF-2 at 200 pg/ml could induce 50% of the maximum Ig production in B lymphoblastoid cell lines, the specific activity being estimated as 5 X 10(6) U/mg. rBSF-2 augmented PWM-induced IgM, IgG, and IgA production in mononuclear cells (MNC); the effect was exerted by directly acting on PWM-induced B blast cells to induce Ig production. However, rBSF-2 did not induce any growth of activated B cells. In contrast, rBSF-2 showed a potent growth activity on a murine hybridoma clone, MH60.BSF2. The concentration required for half-maximal [3H]TdR uptake was approximately 5 pg/ml, which was 40 times less than that required for Ig induction in a B cell line. Anti-BSF-2 antibody inhibited PWM-induced Ig production in MNC, but not PWM-induced proliferation. The antibody was effective even when added on day 4 of an 8-d culture, indicating that BSF-2 is one of the essential late-acting factors in PWM-induced Ig production. PMID- 3258007 TI - The E mu-myc transgenic mouse. A model for high-incidence spontaneous lymphoma and leukemia of early B cells. AB - Mice transgenic for a c-myc gene driven by the IgH enhancer (E mu-myc) were shown to almost invariably develop lymphomas, 90% succumbing in the first 5 mo of life. The tumors typically presented as rapidly progressive lymphadenopathy with thymic involvement and were highly malignant by transplantation assay. Morphologically, they were lymphoblastic lymphomas, usually accompanied by lymphoid leukemia and granulocytosis, and were distinct from the tumors that arose much later in 37% of nontransgenic mice of the same (C57BL/6 x SJL)F2 genetic background. Cell-surface markers on 31 E mu-myc tumors identified 52% as pre-B lymphomas, 29% as mixed pre B and B lymphomas, and 19% as B lymphomas. The tumors appeared to arise at random from a population of pre-B cells expanded by constitutive expression of the myc transgene. A majority of the animals initiated malignancy at the rate of 17% per week. The rate at which the cycling, benign pre-B cells spontaneously convert to malignancy was estimated to about 10(-10) per cell per generation. A transient leukocytosis identified in young E mu-myc mice was developed into a rapid assay for inheritance of the transgene. PMID- 3258008 TI - Interleukin 4 induces cultured monocytes/macrophages to form giant multinucleated cells. AB - Giant multinucleated cells (GMCs) are associated with granulomatous lesions that form in response to various infectious and noninfectious agents. The present study shows that mouse IL-4 induces the in vitro formation of GMCs by factor dependent bone marrow and alveolar monocytes via cell fusion. GMCs appear 2 d after incubation of cell cultures with 20 U/ml or more of IL-4. Anti-IL-4 mAbs block the appearance of GMCs in these cultures, indicating that IL-4 acts directly on monocytes to promote fusion and does not secondarily induce the production of other soluble fusion factors. In soft agar cultures, IL-4 also causes the aggregation of macrophages and diminishes their migration. The role of IL-4 in a granulomatous inflammatory response is discussed. PMID- 3258009 TI - Migration patterns of dendritic cells in the mouse. Traffic from the blood, and T cell-dependent and -independent entry to lymphoid tissues. AB - Dendritic cells (DC) are critical accessory cells for primary immune responses and they may be important stimulators of transplantation reactions, but little is known of their traffic into the tissues. We have studied the migration of purified splenic DC and T lymphocytes, labeled with 111Indium-tropolone, in syngeneic and allogeneic mice. First we demonstrate that DC can migrate from the blood into some lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. Immediately after intravenous administration, radio-labeled DC were sequestered in the lungs, but they actively migrated into the liver and spleen and reached equilibrium levels between 3 and 24 h after transfer. At least half of the radiolabel accumulated in the liver, but the spleen was the principal site of DC localization in terms of specific activity (radiolabel per weight of tissue). DC were unable to enter Peyer's patches, or mesenteric and other peripheral lymph nodes from the bloodstream. This was also true in splenectomized recipients, where the otherwise spleen seeking DC were quantitatively diverted to the liver. In contrast, T cells homed readily to the spleen and lymph nodes of normal mice and increased numbers were present in these tissues in splenectomized mice. Thus, unlike T cells, DC cannot recirculate from blood to lymph via the nodes. We then show that migration of DC from the blood into the spleen is dependent on the presence of T cells: DC did not enter the spleens of nude mice, but when they were reconstituted with T cells the numbers entering the spleen resembled those in euthymic mice. In nude mice, as in splenectomized recipients, the DC that would normally enter the spleen were quantitatively diverted to the liver. These findings suggest that there is a spleen-liver equilibrium for DC, that may be akin to that existing between spleen and lymph node for T cells. Finally, we followed the traffic of radiolabeled DC via the afferent lymphatics after subcutaneous footpad inoculation. DC accumulated in the popliteal nodes but did not migrate further to the inguinal nodes. There was no difference between euthymic and nude mice, showing that unlike traffic to the spleen, this route probably does not require T cells. These migration patterns were not affected by major histocompatibility barriers, and were only seen with viable, but not glutaraldehyde-fixed, DC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3258010 TI - Migration patterns of dendritic cells in the mouse. Homing to T cell-dependent areas of spleen, and binding within marginal zone. AB - Using quantitative techniques we have shown elsewhere that dendritic cells (DC) migrate from blood into the spleen, under the control of T cells. Here we traced the localization of DC within the spleen and sought to explain the means by which they entered. DC were labeled with a fluorochrome, Hoescht 33342, and injected intravenously. Spleens were removed 3 or 24 h later and DC were visualized within particular areas that were defined by mAbs and FITC anti-Igs. At 3 h most DC were in the red pulp, whereas by 24 h the majority had homed to T-dependent areas of the white pulp and may have become interdigitating cells. Lymphoid DC, isolated from spleen and perhaps normally present in blood, may thus be a migratory stage distinct from the relatively fixed interdigitating cells. We also developed a frozen section assay to investigate the interaction of DC with various lymphoid elements. When DC were incubated on sections of spleen, at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C they attached specifically within the marginal zone and did not bind to T areas; in contrast, macrophages attached only to red pulp and T cells did not bind specifically. However, DC did not bind to sections of mesenteric lymph node, whereas T cells localized in particular regions at 4 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C, probably the high endothelial venules. DC may thus express "homing receptors," similar to those of T cells, for certain endothelia. We propose that T cells can modify the vascular endothelium in certain areas to allow egress of DC from the bloodstream. PMID- 3258011 TI - Transfected plasmacytoma cells do not transport the membrane form of IgM to the cell surface. AB - Expression vectors coding for membrane-bound IgM antibodies were introduced into myeloma and B lymphoma cells. Only the lymphoma but not the myeloma cells were able to express the antibodies on the cell surface, although in both cases, complete antibodies were assembled intracellularly. In myeloma cells, the Ig molecules did not reach the Golgi compartment. Thus, the intracellular transport of membrane-bound antibodies is controlled in the B cell lineages in a developmentally ordered fashion. PMID- 3258012 TI - T cell receptor gamma/delta chain diversity. AB - The TCR-gamma and -delta chains of six murine hybridomas were compared by one dimensional SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional NEPHGE/SDS-PAGE analysis. This allowed the identification of three distinct gamma chains (gamma a, gamma b, and gamma c) and three distinct delta chains (delta a, delta b, and delta c). Four gamma/delta chain combinations (gamma a delta a, gamma b delta b, gamma b delta c, and gamma c delta a) were observed. These results indicate that multiple forms of the delta chain are expressed and suggest that the delta chains are encoded for by an Ig like rearranging gene. This delta chain polymorphism significantly enhances the potential diversity of TCR-gamma/delta, which may be of importance for a better understanding of the putative ligand(s) recognized by this receptor. PMID- 3258013 TI - Attenuation of MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity by a serotonin uptake blocker. AB - Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) has been determined to be the enzyme responsible for the conversion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into its toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine ion (MPP+). Since this enzyme has been localized primarily in astrocytes and serotonergic neurons, it would appear that MPP+ is being produced outside the dopaminergic neurons. To investigate this possibility, the administration of MPTP was preceded by systemically administered fluoxetine. In keeping with its demonstrated ability to inhibit uptake into serotonergic neurons and serotonin uptake into astrocytes, fluoxetine pretreatment resulted in a significant attenuation of MPTP-induced depletions of striatal dopamine and serotonin concentration. These results support the extra dopaminergic production of MPP+. PMID- 3258014 TI - Regional distribution of cytochrome P-450 in the rat brain: spectral quantitation and contribution of P-450b,e, and P-450c,d. AB - The cytochrome P-450 (P-450) content of different regions of the rat brain was measured after partial purification of the enzyme from homogenates, and the quantitative contribution of P-450b,e and P-450c,d to brain P-450 was assessed by Western immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using rabbit antibodies raised against purified hepatic P-450b and P-450c, respectively). P-450 could be quantitated by its reduced CO difference spectrum after chromatography of homogenates on p-chloroamphetamine-coupled Sepharose. The yield of P-450 from whole brain was 90 +/- 19 pmol/g of tissue, which is approximately 1% of the level in liver microsomes from control rats. The amount of P-450 recovered from homogenates of olfactory lobes, hypothalamus, thalamus, striatum, cerebral cortex, and brainstem varied between 40 and 100 pmol/g of tissue. The cerebellum was a region of exceptionally high P-450 content, with yields of up to 400 pmol/g whereas the substantia nigra yielded only 16-20 pmol/g. Immunohistochemical studies with anti-P-450b and anti-P-450c revealed intense staining of a limited number of cells in the cerebellum with both antibodies and in the thalamus only with anti-P-450c. In the cerebellum, both anti-P-450b and anti-P-450c stained the Bergmann glial cells together with their radial processes. Individual glial cells in the granular cell layer were also stained. There was no staining of Purkinje cells. In the thalamus, anti-P-450b gave weak staining of certain astroglia, but with anti-P-450c, there was intense staining of neuronal somata.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258015 TI - Phylogenetic distribution of peptides related to chromogranins A and B. AB - The presence of chromogranin-related peptides in a wide range of species was investigated by one and two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting. Antisera against bovine chromogranins A and B and the peptide WE 14 (chromogranin A316-329) were used. Chromogranins were identified by their heat stability, by their electrophoretic behavior, and by immunological cross-reaction with antisera. In all species investigated ranging from mammals to birds, amphibians, fish, and arthropods, chromogranin A- and B-like proteins could be demonstrated. For all species, there was an immunological cross-reaction with antisera against bovine chromogranins. The molecular sizes and isoelectric points of the chromogranins were similar in all species. The antiserum against WE-14 cross-reacted with pig, rat, and chicken chromogranins. It is concluded that the chromogranins A and B have a widespread phylogenetic distribution with a significant conservation of molecular size, isoelectric points, and immunological epitopes. This is consistent with the concept that these peptides have a specific function. PMID- 3258016 TI - Synthesis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic, mass spectroscopic, and plasma amine oxidase inhibitory properties of analogues of 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. AB - Seventeen analogues of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine were synthesized using three reaction pathways: condensation of phenols with 1-methyl 4-piperidone, reaction of Grignard reagents with 1-methyl-4-piperidone followed by dehydration of the product, and aminomethylation of olefins. The identity of the products of synthesis was established by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Thirteen analogues were shown to inhibit the oxidation of benzylamine by bovine plasma amine oxidase. Increasing the length of the aliphatic chain of N-substituted analogues resulted in increased inhibition. In 4-phenyl-substituted analogues, both the position and electronic character of the substituent group affected the degree of inhibition. PMID- 3258017 TI - Histamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): cisternal-lumbar concentration gradients. AB - Similar to metabolites of other aminergic transmitters, histamine metabolites of brain, tele-methylhistamine (t-MH) and tele-methylimidazoleacetic acid (t-MIAA), could have a concentration gradient between rostral and caudal sites of CSF. To test this hypothesis, cisternal and lumbar CSF samples were collected in pairs from eight monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and levels of t-MH and t-MIAA were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. pros-Methylimidazoleacetic acid (p MIAA), an endogenous isomer of t-MIAA that is not a histamine metabolite, was also measured. Cisternal levels (in picomoles per milliliter, mean +/- SEM) of t MH (9.9 +/- 1.4) and t-MIAA (40.8 +/- 7.6), but not of p-MIAA (9.7 +/- 1.2), exceeded those in lumbar CSF (t-MH, 1.8 +/- 0.3; t-MIAA, 6.8 +/- 0.9; p-MIAA, 8.6 +/- 0.6) in every monkey. The magnitudes of the mean cisternal-lumbar concentration gradients for t-MH (6.6 +/- 1.1) and t-MIAA (6.5 +/- 1.3) were indistinguishable. These gradients exceed those of metabolites of most other transmitters. There was no gradient for the levels of p-MIAA. The cisternal, but not lumbar, levels of t-MH and t-MIAA were correlated. There was no significant difference between the means of the metabolite concentration ratios (t-MIAA/t-MH) in cisternal (4.0 +/- 0.4) and lumbar (4.4 +/- 0.9) CSF. The steepness of these gradients suggests that levels of t-MH and t-MIAA in lumbar CSF might be useful probes of histaminergic metabolism in brain. PMID- 3258018 TI - Potent neurotoxic fluorinated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine analogs as potential probes in models of Parkinson disease. AB - We synthesized a number of fluorinated analogs of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and tested their suitability as substrates for monoamine oxidase B in vitro and their dopaminergic neurotoxicity in vivo. Two of the compounds tested, 2'-F-MPTP and 2'-CF3-MPTP, were better enzyme substrates and possessed more potent neurotoxicity for nigrostriatal dopamine neurons than MPTP, especially 2'-F-MPTP. The results of the in vivo neurotoxicity experiments correlated well with the suitability of the compounds as substrates for monoamine oxidase. These findings could serve as a basis for the use of 18F-labeled analogs of MPTP for positron emission tomography studies of nonhuman primates for better understanding of the factors underlying MPTP toxicity. Furthermore, the discovery of two MPTP analogs with enhanced selective neurotoxicity to dopaminergic neurons may be an important clue in the continuing efforts to define the chemical structure-activity factors governing MPTP neurotoxic activation mechanisms. PMID- 3258019 TI - Motor entrapment neuropathies in the elderly. PMID- 3258020 TI - Outcome prediction in comatose patients: significance of reflex eye movement analysis. PMID- 3258022 TI - Radioimmunotherapy of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma using an iodine-131 labeled monoclonal antibody: analysis of retreatment following plasmapheresis. AB - Radioimmunotherapy retreatment of patients receiving radiolabeled murine monoclonal antibodies is difficult because of human antimurine antibody (HAMA) formation. Retreatment therapy was initiated in three patients at the time of disease progression using a radioiodinated monoclonal antibody (T101). The clinical protocol consisted of a two day plasma exchange (4-6 L) to reduce HAMA titers. Immunoimaging was performed with 5 mCi 131I-T101 (10 mg). Gamma scintillation images were obtained 18 hr postinfusion, and radiation dosimetry estimates were performed. At 24 hr postinfusion, each patient received a 100-mCi 131I-T101 (10 mg) therapy dose. Results obtained after plasmapheresis showed a significant reduction, ranging from 28%-61%, in HAMA titers. Blood clearances were markedly different between initial therapy and retreatment therapy for patient with high HAMA titers, reflecting immune complex formation. Two patients responded to retreatment therapy with responses lasting 1 to 2 mo. Minimal acute and no chronic toxicities were observed during the retreatment protocol. PMID- 3258021 TI - Corticotropin-releasing hormone increases tonic but not sensory-evoked activity of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons in unanesthetized rats. AB - These studies were designed to further test the hypothesis that corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is released from axons innervating the noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) and serves to activate these neurons during stress responses. Specifically, the effects of exogenous CRH on the electrophysiological activity of LC neurons in unanesthetized rats were characterized. Intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) injection of CRH (0.3-3.0 micrograms) caused a dose-dependent increase in LC spontaneous discharge rates that became statistically significant 6-9 min after injection and was still evident 30-40 min later. A 1.0 and 3.0 micrograms amount of CRH caused peak increases of 86 +/- 32% and 184 +/- 29% (SEM), respectively. In contrast, neither the lowest dose of CRH (0.3 microgram) nor a high dose of Ala 14CRH (3.0 micrograms), an inactive analog of CRH, altered LC spontaneous activity. The effects of CRH administration on sensory-evoked activity of LC neurons were also determined. As previously reported (Foote et al., 1980; Aston-Jones and Bloom, 1981b), the repeated presentation of auditory tone stimuli resulted in a brief enhancement of LC discharge, which was usually followed by a period of relatively decreased activity. Administration of 1.0 or 3.0 micrograms CRH enhanced basal discharge during sensory testing, but discharge rates during the excitatory component of the sensory response were not altered. Quantitative analyses revealed that these doses of CRH produced a statistically significant decrease in the ratio of sensory-evoked to basal discharge rates. Additional analyses of the temporal distribution of discharge activity for individual recording sites during sensory testing demonstrated that 1.0 and 3.0 micrograms CRH altered relative response magnitudes to a statistically significant extent in 7 of 10 and 5 of 7 cases, respectively, while 0.3 microgram CRH and 3.0 micrograms Ala 14CRH were without effect. The present results are consistent with previous studies of CRH effects on LC activity in anesthetized rats (Valentino et al., 1983; Valentino and Foote, 1987). However, in unanesthetized animals, CRH is more potent in increasing tonic activity and does not decrease the absolute magnitude of sensory evoked activity. The present results support the hypothesis that CRH released from fibers innervating the LC may affect the tonic activity of these cells and the relationship between tonic discharge and phasic, sensory-evoked activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3258023 TI - SPECT Compton-scattering correction by analysis of energy spectra. AB - The hypothesis that energy spectra at individual spatial locations in single photon emission computed tomographic projection images can be analyzed to separate the Compton-scattered component from the unscattered component is tested indirectly. An axially symmetric phantom consisting of a cylinder with a sphere is imaged with either the cylinder or the sphere containing 99mTc. An iterative peak-erosion algorithm and a fitting algorithm are given and employed to analyze the acquired spectra. Adequate separation into an unscattered component and a Compton-scattered component is judged on the basis of filtered-backprojection reconstruction of corrected projections. In the reconstructions, attenuation correction is based on the known geometry and the total attenuation cross section for water. An independent test of the accuracy of separation is not made. For both algorithms, reconstructed slices for the cold-sphere, hot-surround phantom have the correct shape as confirmed by simulation results that take into account the measured dependence of system resolution on depth. For the inverse phantom, a hot sphere in a cold surround, quantitative results with the fitting algorithm are accurate but with a particular number of iterations of the erosion algorithm are less good. (A greater number of iterations would improve the 26% error with the algorithm, however.) These preliminary results encourage us to believe that a method for correcting for Compton-scattering in a wide variety of objects can be found, thus helping to achieve quantitative SPECT. PMID- 3258024 TI - Comparison of three boundary detection methods for SPECT using Compton scattered photons. AB - Three simple methods of defining the boundary of a transverse section in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were compared using Compton scattered photons from a small 99mTc source located either inside or outside a water-filled cylinder of 22 cm diameter. Scattered events were acquired with 360-degree rotation of the gamma camera and transverse section images were reconstructed using a filtered backprojection method. The boundary of section images obtained with three different geometric arrangements of the source and the camera were compared. The 90-degree Compton scatter method, using a source external to the cylinder and at 90 degrees to the front of the detector, was found to give the best boundary definition. Similarly, detection of scattered events using a radionuclide source placed outside a human body was capable of providing good boundary information for the large stack of contiguous section images produced by a rotating SPECT camera. Calculations confirmed the profound influence of boundary errors on SPECT quantitations. PMID- 3258025 TI - Copper-67-labeled monoclonal antibody Lym-1, a potential radiopharmaceutical for cancer therapy: labeling and biodistribution in RAJI tumored mice. AB - Copper-67 (67Cu) is one of the most promising radiometals for radioimmunotherapy because of its 61.5 hr physical half-life, abundant beta particles, and gamma emissions suitable for imaging. However, 67Cu is readily transferred from the usual chelates of EDTA or DTPA to albumen. We developed a new macrocycle (6-p nitrobenzyl-TETA) to chelate copper. Bifunctional chelating agent p bromoacetamidobenzyl-TETA was conjugated to Lym-1, a monoclonal antibody against human B cell lymphoma, without significantly altering its immunoreactivity. This conjugate was stably labeled with 67Cu under conditions chosen to optimize the yield of a high specific activity radiopharmaceutical. The biodistribution in RAJI tumor bearing mice demonstrated significant tumor uptake (14.7% ID per gram) and extended residence time (120 hr) in contrast to normal organs. After 24 hr, radioactivity was continuously cleared from all tissues except the tumor. This study suggests 67Cu labeled Lym-1 to be a promising radiopharmaceutical for potential use for radioimmunotherapy of B cell lymphoma. PMID- 3258026 TI - Validation of PET-acquired input functions for cardiac studies. AB - To validate the determination of the arterial input function by noninvasive dynamic PET imaging, measurements of blood-pool activity in canine LV by PET were compared to beta probe measurements of arterial blood withdrawn directly from the LV. PET scans were done during intravenous bolus injections of [13N]ammonia or 82Rb, while the activity of blood withdrawn continuously from a catheter inserted in the LV was measured with a beta probe. PET determinations of LV blood-pool activity were compared with dispersion-corrected beta probe time-activity curves. In 15 experiments involving four dogs under a wide range of physiologic conditions, LV time-activity curves obtained with PET matched well in shape with those obtained with the beta probe. Linear regression yielded slopes within 10% of unity (95% confidence interval) and high correlation (r greater than 0.968, p less than 0.001). We conclude that noninvasive measurement of the arterial input function by dynamic PET imaging is valid. PMID- 3258027 TI - PET camera performance design evaluation for BGO and BaF2 scintillators (non-time of-flight). AB - Bismuth germanate (BGO) and barium fluoride (BaF2) scintillators are presently used in positron emission tomegraphy (PET) cameras. This study evaluates the important PET performance parameters of image resolution, true sensitivity, scatter background, accidental background, and realistic maximum radioactivity in the field of view for both BGO and BaF2 in an identical non-time-of-flight, whole body camera configuration. These performance parameters are evaluated for three phantoms simulating (a) the head, (b) whole-body cross-section and (c) heart/kidney. This study finds that the high stopping power of BGO yields higher sensitivity, higher resolution, less vignetting, better immunity from scattered gamma, and lower accident/true ratio at any dose level. The faster BaF2 timing acceptance window is traded off by its vulnerability to noncoincidental scatter gamma which increases accidental coincidences. The BGO is found to be a better choice for non-time-of-flight systems especially with large objects which produce a lot of noncoincidental scatter-gammas. This study also found that the practical diminishing return maximum activity within the field-of-view is approximately 20 25 mCi for existing conventional cameras. PMID- 3258028 TI - Partial correlation coefficients approximate the real intrasubject correlation pattern in the analysis of interregional relations of cerebral metabolic activity. AB - Correlation coefficients between pairs of regional glucose metabolic rates have been used to assess patterns of functional associations among brain regions in humans and animals. Partial correlation coefficients (partialing out the global metabolic rate) or correlations between reference ratios (regional to global metabolic rate) have been used to remove the distorting influence of systematic intersubject differences in glucose utilization. Suggesting that partial correlations may not preserve the true (but unknown) intrasubject correlation structure within the brain, others have used a theoretical example to show how an artifactually large negative partial correlation coefficient might arise. Here, we show that such an example is highly unlikely when applied to resting cerebral metabolism, and can be identified in experimental data by testing for a bimodal distribution of partial correlation values. We then show that partial correlations or reference ratio correlations of experimental resting metabolic rates give values which closely approximate the intrasubject correlation coefficients. PMID- 3258029 TI - PET-FDG of untreated and treated cerebral gliomas. PMID- 3258030 TI - Elastase alpha 1-antiproteinase complexes in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3258031 TI - Effect of personal oral hygiene on bleeding interdental gingiva. Histologic changes. AB - A previous study demonstrated that the combination of subgingival scaling and improved oral hygiene resulted in a reduction of clinical and histological signs of interdental gingival inflammation, changes that were associated with a cessation of interdental gingival bleeding. The present study compared, histologically, the interdental tissues of bleeding sites with sites that initially bled but had been converted to nonbleeding by an oral hygiene program alone. Morphometric analysis of interdental gingiva demonstrated that conversion from bleeding to nonbleeding was associated with a significant reduction in the inflamed connective tissue component. This study showed that an oral hygiene program consisting of toothbrushing and interdental cleaning could significantly reduce interdental inflammation, and that bleeding determinations monitored the effects of this therapy. PMID- 3258032 TI - On the mechanisms underlying 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity. II. Susceptibility among mammalian species correlates with the toxin's metabolic patterns in brain microvessels and liver. AB - Systemic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes parkinsonism in humans and other primates, but not in rats; mice are intermediate in their susceptibility which varies among strains. We hypothesized previously that the rat's resistance to systemic MPTP toxicity is likely due to the unique enrichment of its blood-brain barrier with enzymes that metabolize MPTP. MPTP metabolites, such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3 dihydropyridinium, may have difficulty in traversing biological membranes and reaching the brain sites of toxicity. We tested this hypothesis by studying MPTP metabolism: 1) in vitro, by human, rat and mouse brain microvessels and 2) in vivo, in the brain and liver of Wistar rats and two strains of mice known to react differently to systemic MPTP. We found that rat brain microvessels were very efficient at converting MPTP to MPP+ and that this conversion was abolished by pargyline. Microvessels from C57 black mice, which are more sensitive to MPTP toxicity than CF1 white mice, were less capable of metabolizing MPTP to MPP+. Human microvessels were least capable of producing MPP+. In vivo metabolism of MPTP in Wistar rats and the two strains of mice showed that the clearance of MPTP and its metabolites from the brains was most rapid in rats, intermediate in white mice and slowest in black mice. On the other hand, liver metabolism of MPTP by the three groups of animals showed a high rate of MPTP metabolism to a compound(s) other than MPP+ in rats, and a lower rate in mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258033 TI - Histiocytosis X: sequential involvement of thirst and antidiuretic hormone centres. PMID- 3258035 TI - Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 3258034 TI - Synthesis, pharmacology, and molecular modeling studies of semirigid, nicotinic agonists. AB - Eight nicotinic agonists were synthesized, and their potencies were estimated by contracture of the frog rectus abdominis muscle. The most potent, 1-methyl-4 acetyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine methiodide (3b), 50 times as potent as carbamylcholine, served as a template for the rest. Although all of the agonists could easily conform to the putative nicotinic pharmacophore, their potencies spanned a nearly 10,000-fold range. This pharmacophore, therefore, may be necessary but deficient. Computer-assisted molecular modeling studies helped to delineate additional factors that may contribute to potency. The factors are (1) the ground-state conformation, (2) superimposability of the hydrogen bond acceptor and the cationic head onto the template, (3) electrostatic potential at the cationic head and at the hydrogen bond acceptor site, and (4) the presence of a methyl group bonded to the carbon atom that bears the hydrogen bond acceptor. A new program, ARCHEM, was used to calculate and to visualize electrostatic potentials at the van der Waals surfaces of the agonists. PMID- 3258036 TI - Choice of practice location by Texas family physicians. PMID- 3258037 TI - Chromosomal beta-lactamase expression and antibiotic resistance in Enterobacter cloacae. AB - The activities of beta-lactam antibiotics were compared against Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates and mutants which had inducible, stably-derepressed, and basal expression of a pI 8.4 subtype of the Ia chromosomal beta-lactamase. These activities were correlated with the results of studies of the beta lactamase-lability and beta-lactamase-inducer-power of the antibiotics. Cefoxitin and ampicillin were labile, and induced beta-lactamase production strongly at concentrations below their MIC values. Consequently, beta-lactamase-inducible and beta-lactamase-stably-derepressed organisms were highly resistant (MIC greater than 256 mg/L) to these antibiotics, whereas enzyme-basal strains and mutants were much more susceptible (MIC 1-16 mg/L). Imipenem also induced beta-lactamase production strongly at concentrations below its MIC, but was more stable than ampicillin and cefoxitin. It was active against enzyme-inducible and stably derepressed organisms at 0.25-0.5 mg/L and against beta-lactamase-basal organisms at 0.06-0.25 mg/L. Thus the beta-lactamase afforded only very low-level protection against imipenem; this appeared to be by a non-hydrolytic mechanism, with the enzyme binding to the antibiotic in a relatively stable complex. This complex, which probably was an intermediate in a hydrolytic pathway, was isolated by gelfiltration chromatography and shown to have a breakdown half-life of 47 +/- 2 min. Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and mezlocillin were labile to the pI 8.4 beta lactamase but induced beta-lactamase production weakly at concentrations below their MIC values. Consequently, beta-lactamase-inducible and beta-lactamase-basal organisms remained equally susceptible (MIC 0.06-4 mg/L), but stably-derepressed organisms were considerably more resistant (MIC greater than 64 mg/L) to these antibiotics. PMID- 3258038 TI - Morphology of interleukin-2-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear effector cells killing glioma-derived tumor cells in vitro. AB - This is the first morphological study of interleukin-2-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells resulting in lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity against human glioma-derived tumor cells in vitro, in which high-resolution differential interference video light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used. A subset of cells within the LAK cell population are the effector cells and have an asymmetric cellular architecture characteristic of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Upon binding to target cells, the LAK effector cell nucleus is positioned away from the target cell, whereas the granules, Golgi apparatus, and microtubules orient toward the target cell. These LAK-glioma cell conjugates form very tight plasma membrane bonds with numerous interdigitations, and vesicles were found in the small extracellular spaces between the cells. This morphology was not observed in unstimulated PBM-glioma cell co-cultures. Glioma derived cells react to LAK effector cells by blebbing, becoming round, and rapidly detaching from the substrate. The injured glioma-derived cells had a highly condensed cytoplasm and chromatin, lobular nucleus, and severe plasma membrane blebs, which are consistent with an apoptotic rather than an osmotic lysis mechanism of cell death. This study provides morphological evidence that supports a common cytotoxic mechanism for CTLs, NK cells, and LAK effector cells. The cytotoxic mechanism is based on the local exocytosis of vesicles by the effector cell into the small extracellular space between the effector-target cell conjugate. Granules found in CTLs, NK cells, and LAK cells contain a pore-forming protein that inserts holes in the target cell's plasma membrane through which a lethal substance(s) not yet identified is thought to enter the cell. PMID- 3258039 TI - Increased vascular permeability in organs mediated by the systemic administration of lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 in mice. AB - Significant tumor regressions in mice with established carcinomas, sarcomas, and melanomas and in humans with advanced cancers have been observed following immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2). However, dose escalations of LAK cells and IL-2 have been prevented by the development of a vascular leak syndrome (VLS). Although IL-2 alone can produce this VLS, we investigated the role of transferred LAK cells, generated by the incubation of syngeneic splenocytes in IL-2, in mediating this phenomenon. We used a murine model to quantitate the vascular leak by measuring the extravasation of iv injected 125I-bovine serum albumin. A permeability index (PI) was calculated by dividing the mean cpm of tissues from treated mice by those from control animals. The systemic transfer of LAK cells and IL-2 produced a significantly greater extravasation of albumin in the lungs, liver, and kidneys than after Hanks' balanced salt solution, IL-2, or LAK cells alone (in the lungs, for example, PI = 4.7, 1.4, and 1.6 after LAK cells and IL-2, LAK cells alone, and IL-2 alone, respectively). To eliminate the contribution to the leak by host lymphocytes, we irradiated mice before cell transfer. As compared to controls, LAK cells and IL-2 resulted in higher extravasation in the lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen. However, a similar vascular leak was not observed in the lungs, liver, and kidneys after treatment with IL-2 plus fresh or cultured (without IL 2) splenocytes. Moreover, the combination of IL-2 excipient and LAK cells or IL-2 and irradiated LAK cells did not produce a fluid leak. The development of the VLS by LAK cells was directly related to the dose of concurrently administered IL-2 and the number of injected cells. Depletion of Thy 1.2-positive lymphocytes using antibody and complement prior to generating the LAK cells used in adoptive transfer did not abrogate the VLS in any of the organs tested. Similarly, depletion of L3T4 and Lyt-2 positive cells in vivo using monoclonal antibodies prior to harvesting spleens for generation of LAK cells also had no impact on the VLS. In contrast, in vitro treatment of LAK precursor cells with antibody to asialo-GM-1 plus complement completely eliminated the VLS when the depleted cells were cultured in IL-2 and subsequently transferred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3258040 TI - The prevalence and distribution of xerophthalmia in pre-school age children of the Luapula Valley, Zambia. PMID- 3258041 TI - Short course chemotherapy in childhood tuberculosis. PMID- 3258042 TI - Arterial fibrodysplasia: rapid progression complicated by rupture of a visceral aneurysm into the gastrointestinal tract. AB - We report the case of a 44-year-old woman who had extensive stenosis and dilatation of the aortoiliac arteries and an aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery as a result of fibrodysplasia. Both the aortoiliac and the superior mesenteric arteries were treated by resection and reconstruction. Within one year after this operation, fibrodysplastic aneurysms developed in previously angiographically normal visceral arteries. The patient came to us with massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by rupture of a visceral fibrodysplastic aneurysm of the middle colic artery into the transverse colon. The classification, the origin, the localization, and the natural history of fibrodysplasia are discussed. PMID- 3258043 TI - [Clinical significance of beta-lactamase inhibitors]. PMID- 3258044 TI - Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor in patients with angina pectoris. AB - Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI) were measured in 180 patients with angina pectoris (148 males and 32 females, age range 29 to 70 years). An age-matched normal population served as a control. PAI was determined by a functional titration assay, its activity was expressed as arbitrary units (AU). PAI levels were significantly (P less than 0.005) higher in patients with angina (24.3 +/- 10.3 AU/ml) than in normals (20.4 +/- 4.6 AU/ml). PAI levels were unrelated to sex or age in both the patient and the control groups. Plasma triglyceride levels were correlated to PAI in patients and in normals. Patients with a history of previous myocardial infarction (n = 114) had similar PAI levels as patients without infarction (24.2 +/- 11.1 AU/ml as compared to 24.4 +/- AU/ml). It is concluded that PAI levels are elevated in patients with coronary heart disease, whether myocardial infarction has taken place or not. PMID- 3258045 TI - Analysis of the developmental stages of Pneumocystis carinii, in vitro. AB - Rat derived Pneumocystis carinii cultured in vitro was analyzed by a variety of light microscopic and staining techniques for identification of developmental stages and changes in these populations over time in culture. Evaluation of culture dynamics based on a limited number of life cycle stages indicated that trophic replication contributed significantly to the observed growth in vitro. Identification of additional life cycle stages, particularly early cyst forms, suggested that the process of maturation from early precyst to mature cyst may also contribute to the net growth. All developmental stages identified from culture were verified by their presence in stained impression smears of infected rat lung. Based on these data, a tentative life cycle for P. carinii in vitro has been proposed. PMID- 3258046 TI - Inhibition of human placental aromatase by mefloquine. AB - Aromatase activity of human placental microsomes was inhibited competitively by the antimalarial drug, mefloquine, but not by the related drug, chloroquine. In the absence of any drug, the Km for testosterone was 47.1 +/- 2.3 nmol/l (mean +/ SD, n = 2). In the presence of chloroquine 500 mumol/l, the Km remained unchanged (47.4 +/- 1.8 nmol/l (mean +/- SD, n = 2), whereas mefloquine inhibited competitively with respect to substrate with a Ki value of 72 +/- 4.2 mumol/l (mean +/- SD, n = 2). PMID- 3258047 TI - Androgen binding as evidenced by a whole cell assay system using cultured canine prostatic epithelial cells. AB - The androgen receptor content in the prostate has been usually evaluated using subcellular fractions without taking into account cellular and functional heterogeneity of the gland. Using enriched populations of immature canine prostatic epithelial cells cultured in primary monolayers, a whole cell assay system was developed to measure androgen receptors. Tritiated dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and/or methyltrienolone (R1881) in serum-free medium were used as ligands and Triamcinolone acetonide (0.5 microM) was added to prevent the binding of R1881 to other types of receptors. The amount of radiolabelled ligand specifically bound to the cells was determined at equilibrium. Specific binding was proportional to the number of cells seeded. Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of at least two types of binding sites. The Kd for the high affinity binding site was 2 x 10(-9) M. Competition studies indicated that this component was specific for androgens; Methyltrienolone, Mibolerone and the antiandrogen RU 23908 were the most efficient competitors. They were followed by DHT, 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, testosterone, estradiol and estrone. Progesterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol and epitestosterone were not inhibitors. The level of specific binding was 11.0 +/- 7.6 fmol of bound R1881 per 10(6) cells (n = 34) or 2075 +/- 1434 fmol per mg of DNA; these values correspond to an average of 6624 +/- 4577 sites per cell. Thus, using this whole cell assay system, specific and androgen receptors were detected in immature prostatic epithelial cells in culture. This assay will therefore be useful to study the interrelationship between androgen binding activity and specific cell functions. PMID- 3258048 TI - Detection of human B-lymphotropic virus (human herpesvirus 6) sequences in B cell lymphoma tissues of three patients. AB - A survey for HBLV (human B-lymphotropic herpesvirus or human herpesvirus 6) sequences by Southern blot analyses was performed on DNA obtained from a variety of pathologically defined tissues, including a number of lymphomas, leukemias, and tissues from other hematologic disorders. Of the over 50 specimens studied, viral sequences were detected in three lymphomas of B cell derivation: an Epstein Barr virus-positive African Burkitt's lymphoma, a follicular large cell lymphoma (nodular histocytic lymphoma), and two Epstein-Barr virus-negative tumors from a patient with Sjogren's syndrome. These results are the first indication of HBLV sequences associated with B cell tumors in a limited number of cases and raise the possibility that the virus might be involved in the genesis of some B cell tumors. PMID- 3258049 TI - Basophils exhibit rearrangement of the bcr gene in Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - Basophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of two patients with Philadelphia positive-chronic myeloid leukemia using monoclonal antibody Bsp-1 and fluorescence activated cell sorting. DNA blot analyses demonstrated rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region gene in the isolated basophils, which suggests their leukemic origin. Isolated T cells from these patients that were cultured for 14 days in the presence of interleukin-2 lacked rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region gene and are therefore unlikely to be derived from the chronic myeloid leukemia clone. PMID- 3258050 TI - T cell receptor alpha mRNA transcription in T-lymphoblastic transformation of chronic myelocytic leukemia. AB - Analysis at the DNA and RNA level revealed a mature genetic marker profile in a case of T type blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia. T cell receptor beta chain gene rearrangement as well as T cell receptor alpha mRNA transcription was demonstrated in blasts of the malignant clone. Corresponding findings were obtained from immunological phenotyping. Blasts were found to be CD7+, CD1+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and TdT- and classified as common/mature thymocytes. The presence of the breakpoint cluster region gene on chromosome 22 excluded the possibility of a second neoplastic process. PMID- 3258051 TI - [Infection by human immunodeficiency virus and immunological and clinical changes in the hemophilic population of Asturia]. PMID- 3258052 TI - [Dose-dependent reduction of serum osteocalcin by corticoids]. PMID- 3258053 TI - In vitro study on proopiomelanocortin messenger RNA levels in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. AB - The fundamental examination on the measurement of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA levels in cultured rat anterior pituitary (AP) cells was studied. In addition, the detailed study on time- and dose-related effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and dexamethasone on the level of POMC mRNA in AP cells in vitro was examined. Basal levels of POMC mRNA in AP cells cultured with serum initially declined after 1-day culture, gradually increased and reached a peak after 3-day culture, and then slightly decreased after 4- and 5-day culture. These mRNA levels after 3-day culture did not change through subsequent 15-hr incubation without serum. CRF treatment caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in POMC mRNA levels. The minimum effective dose of CRF was 0.1 nM for 15-hr incubation. The significant increase in POMC mRNA levels was observed after 3 hrs of 1 nM CRF treatment with a 2-fold elevation seen after 15 hrs of exposure. Dexamethasone treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in POMC mRNA levels in AP cells. The minimum effective dose was 0.1 microgram/ml and such mRNA levels did not decrease until 15 hrs of exposure. PMID- 3258054 TI - The choice of antimicrobial drugs. PMID- 3258055 TI - Brain stem neuronal structures in lesion-induced parkinsonism in the monkey. PMID- 3258056 TI - Transmissible and nontransmissible dementias: distinction between primary cause and pathogenetic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease and aging. PMID- 3258057 TI - Continuous dopaminergic stimulation in the management of complicated Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3258058 TI - Mutagenicity monitoring in humans by autoradiographic assay for mutant T lymphocytes. AB - Somatic cell mutation which occurs in vivo in humans can be determined by measurement of the frequency of the 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) T lymphocytes in samples of peripheral blood. This frequency can be determined by either a short-term autoradiographic methodology or a longer cell-cloning methodology. The advantage of the former is the relative simplicity of the assay, while the latter allows recovery of mutant clones for further characterization. This report presents results of a longitudinal study of cancer chemotherapy nurses and other health care personnel by use of the autoradiography assay. The use of this assay in human mutagenicity monitoring and the analysis of the TGr cell frequencies are discussed in terms of age effects and validation of 'elevated' frequencies by use of the clonal assay. This report then presents evidence that both assays yield similar TGr cell frequencies in two groups of 'normal adults'. The mean variant frequency (+/- S.D.) for 82 autoradiographic assays was 8.7 (+/- 6.1) X 10(-6), while the mean mutant frequency (+/- S.D.) for 115 clonal assays was 6.5 (+/- 4.8) X 10(-6). In addition, concurrent autoradiographic and clonal assays on 33 individuals yielded mean values (+/- S.D.) of 8.4 (+/- 8.5) X 10(-6) and 10.5 (+/ 6.3) X 10(-6), respectively. PMID- 3258059 TI - A further assessment of factors influencing measurements of thioguanine-resistant mutant frequency in circulating T-lymphocytes. AB - We have used the T-Lymphocyte cloning technique as a method of monitoring the human population for somatic cell mutant frequency. We present a statistical analysis of the experimental factors which may influence the observed mutant frequency. We have obtained consistently high plating efficiencies of T-cells from the mononuclear cell fraction from donor blood samples (mean of 56%, based on 123 observations from 70 individuals). Nevertheless, an inverse correlation of mutant frequency with plating efficiency was observed, and some experimental factors (serum and interleukin-2 batch, and worker) may have a significant effect on the observed mutant frequency. We discuss the difficulties that these possible effects present in establishment of a reference database and design of long-term studies. No significant effect of donor sex on mutant frequency was observed, but age (1.3% increase per year for normal adults) and smoking (56% increase over normal non-smokers) both significantly increased the mutant frequency. We discuss the utility of the assay for the monitoring of populations for heritable DNA damage, and we compare the results to those obtained with lymphocytes using other endpoints, e.g. chromosome aberrations, micronuclei and sister-chromatid exchange. PMID- 3258060 TI - Autocrine generation and requirement of BSF-2/IL-6 for human multiple myelomas. AB - Human B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2) was originally characterized and isolated as a T cell-derived factor that caused the terminal maturation of activated B cells to immunoglobulin-producing cells. Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA predicts that BSF-2 is a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 26,000 similar or identical to interferon beta 2, hybridoma plasmacytoma growth factor and hepatocyte stimulating factor. IL-6 has been proposed as a name for this molecule. It is now known that BSF-2 has a wide variety of biological functions and that its target cells are not restricted to normal B cells. Responses are also seen in T cells, plasmacytomas, hepatocytes, haematopoietic stem cells, fibroblasts and rat phoeochromocytoma, PC12 (Satoh, T. et al., manuscript in preparation). Of particular interest to this report is that human BSF-2 is a potent growth factor for murine plasmacytomas and hybridomas. This observation suggested to us that constitutive expression of BSF-2 or its receptor could be responsible for the generation of human myelomas. In this study we report that myeloma cells freshly isolated from patients produce BSF-2 and express its receptors. Moreover, anti-BSF-2 antibody inhibits the in vitro growth of myeloma cells. This is direct evidence that an autocrine loop is operating in oncogenesis of human myelomas. PMID- 3258061 TI - Is the ovine CRF test an aid in the evaluation of patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency? PMID- 3258062 TI - Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract in patients receiving steroids for neurologic disease. AB - Between 1980 and 1984, of 107 patients receiving 16 mg/d of dexamethasone for spinal cord compression, three (2.8%) developed gastrointestinal (GI) perforation and two (1.9%) GI bleeding; of 226 being tapered from 100 mg/d of dexamethasone, perforation occurred in six (2.7%) and GI bleeding in eight (3.5%). Of 125 patients with GI perforations treated between 1979 and 1986, 41 (33%) were on steroids, 24 for neurologic disease. Median duration of steroid therapy was 24 days; 20 (91%) of the neurologic patients perforated within 30 days. The steroid group had more free peritoneal involvement (p less than 0.00001), but fewer signs and symptoms of peritonitis (p less than 0.000001) than the nonsteroid group. Seventeen patients were receiving steroids for cord compression; they had significantly more rectosigmoid perforations (p less than 0.014) and associated constipation (p less than 0.000001) than the 108 remaining patients. GI perforation is a less well-recognized complication of steroid therapy in neurologic patients than is GI bleeding though it occurs as frequently, is more difficult to diagnose, and far more serious. In steroid-treated patients, prevention of constipation might avert this serious complication, while early diagnosis will improve the outcome. PMID- 3258063 TI - GAD immunoreactivity in pretectal and accessory optic nuclei of the frog mesencephalon. AB - By an immunocytochemical technique using anti-GAD antibodies, we found a high density of GAD-immunoreactive puncta in the 5 pretectal nuclei and in the nucleus of the basal optic root. These results back up the suggestion that GABAergic modulation of the output of the visual pretectal relay nuclei might underlie the directional asymmetry of the horizontal optokinetic nystagmus and the directional selectivity of pretectal neurons. PMID- 3258064 TI - Gene transactivation mediated by the TAT gene of human immunodeficiency virus in transgenic mice. AB - Transgenic mice were generated carrying either the long terminal repeat of Human Immunodeficiency Virus fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene or a control element of the murine alpha A crystallin gene fused to the tat gene of human immunodeficiency virus. By crossing these two strains, progeny were obtained which carried both transgenes. The bacterial reporter gene was specifically transactivated in the eyes of these animals. PMID- 3258065 TI - Postpartum haemorrhage at home. PMID- 3258066 TI - Androgens stimulate both growth rate and epidermal growth factor receptor activity of the human prostate tumor cell LNCaP. AB - LNCaP cells (derived from a lymph node carcinoma of the human prostate) contain androgen receptors and show androgen-responsive growth in vitro. Maximal effects on growth were seen at 0.1 nM of the synthetic androgen R1881 or 0.2 nM of epidermal growth factor (EGF); both compounds independently increased the growth rate 2-3 times. EGF-receptors were measured after 6 days culture in the presence or absence of 0.1 nM R1881. A 2.3-fold increase in receptor number/cell was found when binding was measured at 0 degrees C (from 12,500 to 28,900 sites/cell in stimulated cells). The kD value (0.45 nM) was not affected by androgen treatment. The increase of EGF-receptor activity was first observed between 6 and 12 h after exposure to androgen. It is concluded that LNCaP cells are sensitive to low concentrations of EGF (or EGF-like compounds) and that one of the mechanisms involved in androgen action on these cells is an increase of EGF-receptor expression at the cell surface. PMID- 3258068 TI - Block of cardiac sodium-calcium exchange by mechanism-based inhibitors. PMID- 3258067 TI - Allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize an H-2 peptide in the context of a murine major histocompatibility complex class I molecule. AB - We have isolated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) preferentially reactive with the alpha 1 external domain of the H-2Ld antigen by selecting for T cells capable of recognizing a variant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen sharing alpha 1 sequences with H-2Ld. Using these CTL, we demonstrate that a synthetic alpha 1 peptide corresponding to one of the helices derived from the H 2Ld molecule can be presented by a class I restriction element to reconstitute a CTL determinant borne by intact H-2Ld. Moreover, several other H-2L-reactive CTL generated independently were also able to recognize H-2Ld either as an intact alloantigen or as a peptide in conjunction with appropriate class I restriction elements. These data demonstrate that an H-2 peptide can reconstitute a CTL target structure and suggest that some alloreactive T cells in fact might be directed against allogeneic class I peptides in the context of a class I framework. PMID- 3258069 TI - Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at auricular points on experimental cutaneous pain threshold. AB - The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the effect of high intensity, low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at auricular acupuncture points on experimental pain threshold measured at the wrist and 2) to determine the changes in effect over time. Forty-four healthy adult men and women were assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups. Group 1 (n = 15) received TENS to appropriate auricular points for wrist pain, Group 2 (n = 14) received TENS to inappropriate (placebo) auricular points, and Group 3 (n = 15) received no TENS. We measured experimental pain threshold at the wrist after an electrical stimulus during one pretreatment and three posttreatment time periods. Group 1 was the only group that had a statistically significant increase (p less than .05) in pain threshold after testing. This increase remained significant for all posttreatment measurements for Group 1. These results suggest that high intensity, low frequency TENS applied to appropriate auricular acupuncture points can increase pain threshold. PMID- 3258070 TI - Thixotropy: the effect of stretch size in relaxed frog muscle. AB - Small forces were applied to isolated frog muscle; the resulting displacements were used to calculate muscle stiffness (elastic modulus, E). Stiffness is much greater for small forces within the range of the Short Range Elastic Component (SREC; Hill, 1968). 'Stirring' the muscle greatly reduces the stiffness, but only when the applied force is small. Stiffness subsequently returns to its original level. This strongly suggests that muscle thixotropy (Lakie, Walsh & Wright, 1984) is a property of the SREC. PMID- 3258071 TI - Volume calculation by means of SPECT: analysis of imaging acquisition and processing factors. AB - To assess the effect of image acquisition and processing factors on the volume calculated from single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images, the authors evaluated technical factors including image matrix size, size of the region of interest (ROI), activity concentration in the region, amount of background subtraction, type of reconstruction filter, section thickness, and number of projections. They found that the percentage of background subtraction was the single most important factor affecting volume calculation. The smaller the volume, the greater the amount of background subtraction needed before the ROI is drawn. As an acceptable means to circumvent the varying percentage of background subtraction for different volumes, a calibration curve was constructed relating the true volume with the calculated volume for a fixed percentage of background subtraction. The use of a 128 X 128 acquisition matrix and zooming of the reconstructed images were necessary for accurate calculation of volumes smaller than 300 mL. PMID- 3258072 TI - Transformations of maps to investigate clusters of disease. AB - An approach is presented to display and analyze epidemiologic data using population density equalized maps (cartograms). The algorithm for generating these maps is discussed. A specific method for statistically analyzing plotted data is given, followed by an application of maps and analysis to 73 sets of age , race-, sex-, and site-specific cancer incidence data. The data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results project for San Francisco City/County (1978-1981) and combined with 1980 U.S. Census data. PMID- 3258073 TI - Mortality in children among the Aymara Indians of southern Peru. AB - During the fieldwork on illness in children in an Aymara peasant community in Southern Peru, data was collected on child mortality. In 35 families surveyed in the village, the total child mortality rate was estimated diachronically at 380 per 1,000 live births. The majority of the child death in these families occurred in the first days after birth. These deaths were also counted as perinatal deaths, and thus the perinatal mortality rate was found to be high as well at 252 per 1,000 total births (99% confidence interval: 181-330 per 1,000). Congenital malformations incompatible with life, neonatal tetanus, and other neonatal disorders did not have an especially high frequency in the village. These disorders seem to explain only a part of the early neonatal deaths responsible for the high mortality rates in children. As perinatal deaths were concentrated in 13 of the 35 families in the survey (especially in those families with many total births and at least two living children), the possibility of infanticide was put forward to explain the high death rates in children in the first days of life. This hypothesis was supported by practices in the village concerning the baptism of dead children by which the cause of death was left unsanctioned. Infanticide could be important to curb recent and future population growth and the resulting pressure on the land. PMID- 3258074 TI - Violent deaths among Mexican-, Puerto Rican- and Cuban-born migrants in the United States. AB - This paper analyzes nationwide and regional mortality rates for violent causes of death among persons born in Mexico, Puerto Rico and Cuba, living in the continental United States. The Mexican-born had the highest death rates from accidents, the Puerto Rican-born from homicide and the Cuban-born from suicide. In each case of excess mortality in an Hispanic nativity group, the death rates for men by cause were higher than the comparative rates for white and blacks both nationally and regionally. Mortality rates for their major cause of violent death were highest for the Puerto Rican-born and Cuban-born men in their areas of concentration. Mexican-born men had higher accident death rates outside their areas of concentration. Contributing factors to violent causes of death include the interaction of socioeconomic, behavioral, cultural and psychological factors. PMID- 3258075 TI - Antitumor antibiotics and interleukin-2: a prediction. PMID- 3258076 TI - The use of propofol in a group of older patients undergoing oesophagoscopy. AB - Propofol (Diprivan; Stuart) a new, very short-acting intravenous anaesthetic agent, was tested in its aqueous emulsion formulation. Used as an induction and maintenance agent, its anaesthetic properties, dosage requirements and side effects were compared with those of thiopentone in 40 American Society of Anesthesiologists class I and II patients scheduled for routine oesophagoscopy. Both heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were more stable in the propofol group, and recovery times were significantly shorter. Patients were remarkably clear-headed after propofol. When the quality of anaesthesia was independently assessed by an anaesthetist and a surgeon, propofol was rated good or satisfactory in all subjects, and thiopentone in 80%. Anaphylactoid reactions associated with the previous Cremophor EL formulation were not encountered, and pain on injection was experienced in 10% of propofol subjects as against 5% who received thiopentone. This new intravenous agent produces safe and predictable anaesthesia followed by rapid recovery, making it especially suitable for outpatient anaesthesia. PMID- 3258077 TI - Dietary immunoregulation of transfusion-induced immunosuppression. AB - Dietary supplementation with fatty acids was carried out to examine whether the type and timing of dietary manipulation would have an effect on transfusion induced immunosuppression in a rat cardiac transplant model. Linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA), and fish oil (FO) were used because of their different effects on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Pretransplant inhibition of AA metabolism (OA) shortened graft survival when compared with water-fed controls. Posttransplant LA (AA precursor) significantly prolonged graft survival. Pre- and posttransplant supplementation of LA and OA resulted in even more prolongation and shortening of graft survival, respectively. These findings suggest that transfusion-induced immunosuppression is partially mediated by AA metabolites, which are necessary for the pretransplant induction and posttransplant maintenance of the suppressed state. Dietary immunoregulation of transfusion induced immunosuppression is possible. The timing of dietary intervention and type of lipid supplementation is important in regulation of the immune response. PMID- 3258078 TI - The effects of antilymphocyte serum and cyclosporine on orthotopic small bowel allografts in the rat. PMID- 3258079 TI - [Use of physical therapy measures in the rehabilitation of patients having undergone radical mastectomy]. AB - Low-frequency electrotherapy, magnetotherapy, massage, exercise therapy and drugs were used in 90 patients who after radical treatment for breast cancer suffered pain and limited mobility in the shoulder joint. These procedures were intended to treat said complications, to normalize reflexes and to cut down the period of rehabilitative therapy. The treatment proved effective. No untoward effects on the course of the disease were observed within the first 3-5 years. PMID- 3258080 TI - Non-HLA lymphocytotoxic antibodies in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative hemophiliacs. AB - We tested serum samples from 11 HIV-seropositive and 32 HIV-seronegative Italian patients with hemophilia A or B for the presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCTAs). No patients had the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and all had received over many years heat-untreated commercial clotting factors. LCTAs directed mainly to B cells, were significantly present in 5/6 HIV-seropositive patients with hemophilia A and in 5/5 HIV-seropositive patients with hemophilia B. The presence of LCTAs in HIV-seronegative hemophiliacs was significantly correlated with both a decrease of T cells and an increase in serum levels of IgG and IgM. PMID- 3258081 TI - The treatment of scoliosis. PMID- 3258082 TI - Deep venous thrombosis with coagulopathy of liver disease. PMID- 3258084 TI - Alcoholism by Chinese diagnostic interview schedule: a prevalence and validity study. AB - A community survey in metropolitan Taipei (MT) and two small towns (ST) by using the Chinese modified diagnostic interview schedule (DIS-CM) revealed a significant difference in the prevalence of alcohol abuse (AA) defined by DSM-III between two study samples (MT 3.4%; ST 8.0%), but the prevalence of alcohol dependence (AD) was not different (MT 1.5%; ST 1.8%). These figures are significantly higher than that of an earlier Formosan study. Demographic data, psychiatric symptoms, medical complications and impairment of social functions were adopted as the variables to validate the nosological status of AA and AD. The results of this study substantiated that AA and AD identified by the DIS-CM were nosologically different from a non-alcoholic group. The possible reasons for an increasing prevalence of alcoholism in Taiwan Chinese were discussed. An etiological hypothesis was proposed for AA and AD on account of their differential prevalences. PMID- 3258083 TI - An immunohistochemical study on "neoplastic angioendotheliosis": demonstration of B lymphocyte markers in the neoplastic cells. AB - Frozen cerebral and renal tissue sections of an autopsied "neoplastic angioendotheliosis (NAE)" case were investigated immunohistochemically using monoclonal and heterologous antibodies to lymphocyte, monocyte, endothelial, epithelial and histiocytic antigens. In both tissues, positive stainings for surface immunoglobulin (sIg) mu and chi, but not lambda, were observed in most of the neoplastic cells. These cells were also positive for other B cell markers (BA 1, Leu-12 and HLA-DR). No distinct staining was observed in the neoplastic cells with antibodies to T lymphocyte (OKT-11 and Leu-1) or monocyte (OKM-1) markers. Positive stainings were observed only in some small round lymphoid cells which were distributed sporadically in and around blood vessels and were considered to be reactive. No positive staining was observed in the neoplastic cells with antibodies to endothelial (factor VIII), epithelial (cytokeratin) or histiocytic (lysozyme) antigens. Thus, our NAE case was shown to be of monoclonal B cell lymphoma in nature. PMID- 3258085 TI - X-Ray Gogs: preliminary evaluation of a "new" imaging modality. AB - "X-Ray Gogs," which apparently reveal internal anatomy without radiation, ultrasound, or magnetic fields, were compared with conventional imaging modalities in evaluating a variety of pediatric conditions. Conventional techniques were preferable in terms of diagnostic accuracy and image quality, and are thus recommended in most settings. Because of low cost and lack of ionizing radiation, "X-Ray Gogs" are recommended in cases where radiography is not indicated, or where the results of radiographic study will not influence patient management, or where the diagnosis has already been established by other means. PMID- 3258086 TI - CT appearance of acute radiation-induced injury in the lung. AB - To determine how soon radiation-induced lung injury is detectable, to compare the CT findings with those on chest radiographs, and to observe the appearance of the abnormality during the acute phase, we performed 83 CT studies in 17 radiotherapy patients at relatively short intervals. All 17 patients received fractionated radiotherapy to the thorax with a large irradiated lung volume. The CT findings were variable; pulmonary infiltrates were homogeneous, patchy, or discrete. CT abnormalities were evident in 15 of 17 cases within 16 weeks after radiotherapy; in 13 of these it was detected within 4 weeks. In three of these 15 cases, no abnormality was detected on chest radiographs, and in three other cases, the change was observed much later on chest radiographs than on CT scans. In the other nine cases, abnormalities were detected simultaneously on CT scans and chest radiographs. In four cases, extensive radiation pneumonitis was observed on CT, but in two of these, the change was misdiagnosed on the chest radiograph. We conclude that CT is useful in the detection of acute radiation-induced pulmonary disease. PMID- 3258087 TI - The number and size of normal mediastinal lymph nodes: a postmortem study. AB - For the CT diagnosis of pathologically enlarged nodes, information concerning the size of normal nodes is required. We studied 40 adult cadavers and determined the number and size of normal lymph nodes for each region of the mediastinum, counting all nodes and directly measuring the short and long diameters of each in the transverse plane of the node. The location of each node was classified according to the American Thoracic Society system, and the range and standard maximum sizes of normal lymph nodes in each location were determined. Nodes were found in 90-100% of cadavers in regions 4, 7, and 10; and in 68-85% of cadavers in regions 2 and 6. The average number of lymph nodes found was 3.5-4.8 in regions 4, 6, and 10R; 2.1-2.9 in regions 2, 7, and 10L; and 0.1-1.2 in all other regions. The mean short transverse diameters ranged from 2.4 to 5.6 mm, and the mean long transverse diameters ranged from 3.9 to 10.0 mm. The largest mean short and long transverse diameters were found in region 7, the next largest were in region 10R, followed by regions 4, 5, and 10L. We noted a different maximum normal size of lymph nodes in each region of the mediastinum. The short transverse diameter, which showed a smaller variation, appeared to be a more useful parameter than the long transverse diameter. We propose a standard for maximum normal short transverse diameters for nodes in each region of the mediastinum as follows: 12 mm for nodes in region 7; 10 mm for nodes in regions 4 and 10R; and 8 mm for nodes in other regions. The maximum long transverse diameters showed a wider variation, ranging from 25 to 10 mm. PMID- 3258088 TI - Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn syndrome): CT diagnosis. PMID- 3258089 TI - Observations on mammographic screening and false-positive mammograms. PMID- 3258090 TI - Milk of calcium in breast microcysts: manifestation as a solitary focal disease. PMID- 3258091 TI - Innovations in mammographic compression. PMID- 3258093 TI - Late venous rupture after angioplasty of an arteriovenous dialysis fistula. PMID- 3258092 TI - Traumatic aortic rupture: false-positive aortographic diagnosis due to atypical ductus diverticulum. AB - The interpretations of 314 thoracic aortograms obtained over a 4 1/2-year period for possible traumatic rupture were reviewed to determine the frequency and causes of false-positive examinations. The radiographs and clinical records of all patients whose aortograms were abnormal or equivocal were examined. Two hundred consecutive thoracic aortograms that had been interpreted as normal were reviewed to determine the frequency and character of normal morphologic variations at the aortic isthmus, with particular attention to ductus diverticula, in an attempt to identify means of reducing the number of examinations that were equivocal or false-positive for aortic rupture. Aortic rupture was diagnosed with confidence in 12 patients (4%), and all were surgically proved. Another nine aortograms (3%) were equivocal when standard aortographic criteria for rupture were used. For four of the nine, further imaging studies indicated normal aortas, but five patients underwent thoracotomy. Two of these had aortic rupture, two had ductus diverticula, and one had an ulcerated plaque at the site of aortographic abnormality. Thus, false-positive aortograms led to unnecessary surgery in three cases--1% of all 314 aortograms and 14% of the 21 aortograms that were not clearly normal. In summary, two (14%) of 14 aortic ruptures in our series could not be distinguished at aortography from anatomic variants or disease not requiring surgery. To avoid false-negative diagnosis, we must accept occasional false-positive diagnoses, necessitating exploratory thoracotomy with its attendant risks. PMID- 3258094 TI - Simpson catheter for percutaneous transluminal removal of atheroma. PMID- 3258095 TI - Technical advances in penile arteriography. PMID- 3258096 TI - CT prior to second-look operation in ovarian cancer. AB - Second-look surgery is used in restaging patients with ovarian cancer to define sites of recurrence, plan therapy, and perform tumor debulking. We evaluated the role of CT in detecting residual or recurrent tumor in 55 patients in whom 64 abdominopelvic CT scans were obtained. Forty-eight patients underwent a second look operation, and eight of these patients had an additional third-look operation. CT correctly identified 17 (85%) of 20 cases with residual or recurrent pelvic disease and three (75%) of four cases with bulky abdominal disease. CT failed to detect tumor in any of the five cases with minimal abdominopelvic disease and was able to detect carcinomatosis in only two (8%) of 24 cases. In four cases, CT detected pelvic disease not identified on clinical pelvic examination. On the 56 scans in 48 patients with surgical proof (280 surgical findings), CT had a sensitivity of 40% (22/55) and a specificity of 99% (224/225). In seven additional patients, second-look laparotomy was canceled because of CT findings of extensive, unresectable tumor. We conclude that CT provided valuable information regarding residual or recurrent tumor prior to second- and third-look surgery. In selective cases, CT findings obviated unnecessary surgery. However, the CT's lack of sensitivity in identifying minimal abdominopelvic disease and carcinomatosis precludes its use as a substitute for second-look surgery. PMID- 3258097 TI - Soft-tissue abnormalities of the foot and ankle: CT diagnosis. PMID- 3258099 TI - The accessory sacroiliac joint: a common anatomic variant. AB - We identified the accessory sacroiliac joint on 13 (13%) of 100 CT scans of the pelvis and in nine (16%) of 56 dried skeletons. The joint is situated between the medial aspect of the posterior superior iliac spine and a rudimentary transverse tuberosity just lateral to the second sacral foramen. Some joints are true diarthrodial joints and are present at birth, but more commonly they are acquired fibrocartilaginous joints that result from the stress of weight-bearing. Our experience suggests that the accessory sacroiliac joint is not rare and that it is visible on CT scans in many patients. PMID- 3258098 TI - Bone stress lesions in ballet dancers: scintigraphic assessment. AB - Ballet dancers are athletes susceptible to ligamentous and bony injury. We reviewed retrospectively the bone scans (technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate) of 23 ballet dancers with pain in the back and/or lower extremities to determine the usefulness of scintigraphy in the detection of stress lesions of bone. The scintigraphic studies in 19 dancers identified multiple areas of stress injury in both symptomatic and asymptomatic locations. Thirteen dancers had 22 stress fractures (microfractures of trabeculae with associated bone repair) manifested by an intense focus of increased uptake of radiopharmaceutical, and 19 dancers had stress reactions (areas of accelerated remodeling and resorption of bone) demonstrated by diffusely increased uptake of radiotracer. Ten of the 13 dancers with stress fractures were symptomatic and six of the 19 dancers with stress reactions were symptomatic. The radiographs of 10 dancers with positive bone scans were normal or showed no distinction between acute and chronic injuries. Stress fractures were most prevalent in the feet, and stress reactions were most prevalent in the tibiae. The study confirmed that ballet dancers sustain significant bone stress in their legs and feet. Our results show that scintigraphy can be used to detect stress fractures and stress reactions at both symptomatic and asymptomatic sites in this population. PMID- 3258100 TI - Spinal chordoma: radiologic features in 14 cases. AB - The radiologic appearance of chordoma of the cervical (three patients), thoracic (four patients), and lumbar spine (seven patients) was studied. Eleven patients were over 50 years old and presented with long-standing back pain. All were examined with conventional radiographs; three cases also had CT examinations. In thirteen patients, the tumor originated in the vertebral body and, in one patient, in the posterior element of a vertebra. In nine (64%) of the 14 cases, osteosclerosis was a prominent feature. In the remaining five cases (36%), the bone lesion was purely osteolytic. Involvement of the intervertebral disk was found in three patients; in two of these the tumor extended to an adjacent vertebra. In nine patients, a soft-tissue mass was a distinctive additional feature. A sclerotic and/or osteolytic lesion in a vertebral body with a large, paraspinal soft-tissue mass in an older patient with long-standing back pain should raise the possibility of a chordoma. PMID- 3258101 TI - Distal radioulnar joint arthrography. PMID- 3258102 TI - Migrating mouse: a sign of dissecting popliteal cyst. PMID- 3258103 TI - Langerhans cell histiocytosis with the radiographic findings of Erdheim-Chester disease. PMID- 3258104 TI - MR imaging in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3258105 TI - Ventilator-induced pulmonary pseudocysts in preterm neonates. AB - Twenty-three pulmonary pseudocysts were identified in 20 preterm neonates undergoing mechanically assisted ventilation. Most of the pseudocysts occurred in a right parahilar location; cysts were either single (13) or multiple/multilocular (10). The pseudocysts persisted from less than 2 days to longer than 3 months (modal duration, 7 days), and they were commonly associated with generalized pulmonary interstitial emphysema (18 of 20), pneumothorax (18 of 20), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (16 of 20), and pneumomediastinum (six of 20). The reason for the predominantly right parahilar location of these pseudocysts remains uncertain. Pulmonary pseudocysts are almost always right-sided and are associated with pulmonary interstitial emphysema and pneumothoraces; complete resolution usually occurs. PMID- 3258106 TI - MR imaging of pseudotumor cerebri. AB - Eleven obese young women with idiopathic pseudotumor cerebri were studied with high-field-strength (1.5 T) MR imaging to demonstrate increased water content in the brains of such patients. Heavily T2-weighted studies were obtained for 10 patients, and balanced (long TRs, short TEs, spin density, proton density) pulse sequences were obtained for four patients. We examined the studies of morphologically normal periventricular white matter and developed a white matter water index to determine if a slight increase in signal was present that could be ascribed to low levels of edema. Comparison was made to an age-matched control group. We also examined five patients with sodium MR imaging. Two of the 11 patients had focal areas of increased signal in their periventricular white matter. Presumably, these are areas of increased edema above the background that could not be detected on the CT scan. The white matter water index for the normal controls was an average of 0.479 (+/- 0.015), while that of the pseudotumor cerebri group was 0.520 (+/- 0.016). This indicates an increase in the white matter water signal. We believe this represents a diffuse low level of edema. These findings are consistent with previous estimates of the increase in brain water in patients with idiopathic pseudotumor cerebri. The patients with focally abnormal proton studies demonstrated similar abnormalities on their sodium studies. PMID- 3258107 TI - Gadolinium-DTPA in the evaluation of intradural extramedullary spinal disease. AB - Gadolinium-DTPA was used in MR imaging of the spine to determine the ability of a contrast agent to increase the detection and characterization of disease in the intradural extramedullary space. Although MR imaging, especially with recent technological improvements, has been shown to be at least competitive with, and often superior to, myelography and postmyelography CT in the study of intramedullary and extradural disease, its use in the assessment of intradural extramedullary disease has been questioned. We selected 12 patients with intradural extramedullary disease as demonstrated by positive CSF cytology and/or myelographic findings and performed MR examinations on them before and after administering gadolinium-DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg). Gadolinium-DTPA was extremely effective in depicting intradural extramedullary disease of the spine. Small nodules of 3 mm, virtually invisible on noncontrast MR scans, enhanced strongly and were easily detected. In addition, leptomeningeal spread of tumor along nerve roots was also visualized, sometimes more readily than by myelography and postmyelography CT. The remarkable sensitivity of gadolinium-DTPA to intradural extramedullary disease assures its role in future MR examinations of the spine. PMID- 3258108 TI - Epidural fibrosis and recurrent disk herniation in the lumbar spine: MR imaging assessment. AB - Twenty patients were enrolled in a prospective study to evaluate MR imaging in the differentiation of epidural scar and herniated disk material. Fourteen patients had surgical verification of imaging findings. In 12 (86%) of these patients, the MR interpretations fully agreed with the observations at surgery. Careful integration of the findings on sagittal and axial T1-weighted images with more T2-weighted axial images was important for analysis. Anterior and lateral recess scars were hypo- or isointense on T1-weighted sequences and hyperintense on more T2-weighted sequences relative to the "parent" anulus intensity. Free fragments demonstrated a slightly hyperintense signal intensity on T1-weighted images relative to epidural fibrosis but had a similar hyperintense signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences. Prolapsed or extruded disk fragments were hypo- or isointense relative to the parent anulus on all sequences. Morphology, epidural location, mass effect, and often signal intensity were the important parameters by which scar and herniated disk could be differentiated with MR. PMID- 3258109 TI - CT in atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. PMID- 3258110 TI - Air-contrast colon examination and sigmoid hernia: avoiding perforation. PMID- 3258111 TI - A characteristic "inflammatory polyp" at the esophagogastric junction that was a cancer. PMID- 3258112 TI - Gastrografin-sorbitol solution for CT opacification of bowel. PMID- 3258113 TI - A technique to decrease the pain of lidocaine injection. PMID- 3258114 TI - A brief note on a brief case. PMID- 3258115 TI - Pertussis vaccination. AB - With 3.2 serious events per million doses, the risks associated with pertussis vaccination are greater than for any other routine immunization. The most significant side effects are neurologic, but these are rare when compared with the neurologic effects of pertussis infection itself. High fever, persistent or high-pitched cry, seizures, encephalopathy and shock are absolute contraindications to further pertussis vaccination. A new acellular vaccine shows promise. PMID- 3258116 TI - Flow cytometry in the diagnosis of acute leukemia. AB - Fifty cases of acute leukemia were analyzed by means of flow cytometry. The results obtained were correlated with morphology and routine cytochemistries. The panel selected was useful in classifying an acute leukemia as acute lymphocytic (ALL) or acute nonlymphocytic (ANLL), which is of primary importance for therapeutic considerations. Common ALL (CALLA) (J5) was a good marker for classifying the leukemia as ALL. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) T1 and/or T11 further delineated the lymphoid leukemia as T-cell ALL while MoAbs B4 or B1 delineated the lymphoid leukemia as non-T-cell ALL. Eighteen cases of ALL were diagnosed and consisted of five cases of T-cell ALL and 13 cases of non-T-cell ALL. Both the T-cell ALL cases and non-T-cell ALL cases were found to be heterogeneous and could be further subgrouped by phenotypic expression with additional MoAbs in the panel. A monoclonal antibody panel consisting of My4, My7, My9, Mo1, and Mo2 was useful in characterizing an acute leukemia as ANLL. This panel was less useful in distinguishing myeloid from monocytic subtypes although My4, Mo1, or Mo2 when present, appeared to favor a monocytic component. Of interest, a case of biclonal leukemia with two distinct blast populations on the flow cytogram was discovered. Morphology alone was successful in diagnosing ALL from ANLL in 35 cases (70%). It was not useful in distinguishing non-T-ALL cases from T-ALL cases. The ambiguous cases could be resolved by cytometric means. Flow cytometry has much to offer as a diagnostic aid in the evaluation of acute leukemia. PMID- 3258117 TI - Amyloid fibril protein in familial amyloidosis with cranial neuropathy and corneal lattice dystrophy (FAP type IV) is related to transthyretin. AB - Immunocytochemical methods were used to study the nature of the amyloid deposits in the Finnish type-familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) type IV, which is characterized by cranial neuropathy and corneal lattice dystrophy. Commercial antisera to human plasma transthyretin (prealbumin) did not stain the amyloid deposits, but in every case a positive staining was obtained with antibodies raised against transthyretin-related amyloid fibril whole protein isolated from the myocardium of a patient with familial amyloid polyneuropathy from the state of New York. The FAP type IV amyloid deposits stained also with antiserum to serum amyloid P component, but did not stain with antisera to retinol-binding protein, amyloid A protein, gamma-trace protein, beta 2-microglobulin, or immunoglobulin light chains. The serum level of serum transthyretin was significantly decreased in FAP type IV patients (256 +/- 75 (SD) mg/L, n = 15) as compared with Finnish control subjects (360 +/- 56 mg/L, n = 30, P less than 0.001), whereas the level of retinol-binding protein was within the normal range. The results of this study strongly suggest that the amyloid fibril protein in FAP type IV amyloidosis is related to transthyretin. PMID- 3258119 TI - Complete esophageal obstruction secondary to dissecting intramural hematoma after endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. AB - Endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) is an accepted alternative to surgery in many patients with bleeding esophageal varices. Esophageal ulceration is a common sequelae of EVS with chest pain, stricture, and perforation occurring less frequently. We present a patient with Laennec's cirrhosis and coagulopathy who developed an obstructing esophageal hematoma caused by submucosal dissection after two EVS treatments. PMID- 3258118 TI - Transfusion-induced specific anti-factor XI inhibitor in a patient with previously unrecognized factor XI deficiency. AB - This article reports the rare occurrence and investigation of a specific anti factor XI inhibitor that arose after fresh-frozen plasma infusion into a patient with previously unrecognized Factor XI deficiency. The IgG fraction of the patient's plasma that contained anti-Factor XI antibody was isolated by chromatography on DEAE-Affigel and concentrated. It was shown to exert inhibitory effect on purified Factor XI and XIa both in the activated and nonactivated partial thromboplastin time assay. PMID- 3258120 TI - Duodenal varices after sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. AB - Two cases of post-sclerotherapy duodenal varices formation, one with bleeding, are herein reported, their diagnosis established endoscopically. Review of the literature indicates that the development of duodenal varices after endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices is very rare. We discuss the possible mechanisms of their formation. PMID- 3258121 TI - Duodenal perforation by a Linton-Nachlas balloon tube. AB - In a patient with bleeding esophageal varices, inadvertent inflation of a Linton Nachlas balloon in the third portion of the duodenum led to bowel perforation and death. This complication emphasizes a potential problem in passing a balloon catheter as far as possible down the nares, a technique that has been suggested to prevent balloon catheter inflation in the esophagus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of duodenal rupture from attempted balloon tamponade for variceal hemorrhage. PMID- 3258122 TI - Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to Candida esophagitis. PMID- 3258123 TI - Normal and abnormal color-vision genes. PMID- 3258124 TI - Role of H2-receptor blockers in the prevention of gastric injury resulting from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. AB - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can produce injury to the gastric and duodenal mucosa. The histamine (H2)-receptor blocker cimetidine was studied to determine whether protection of the gastric mucosa of normal volunteers could be provided against a single dose of aspirin, 1,300 mg. Gastric mucosal injury was assessed with gastroscopy performed two hours after aspirin intake. Three liquid cimetidine doses were administered over 24 hours prior to the aspirin dose, the last dose one hour before the aspirin. The 200-mg and 400-mg doses of cimetidine protected a sufficient number of subjects to warrant further study. In the second study, these two doses were further examined to determine whether three doses were necessary and whether the final dose could be coadministered with the aspirin instead of one hour before. Concomitant administration of a single dose of cimetidine with aspirin was found to protect the gastric mucosa from aspirin damage as effectively as the other cimetidine regimens employed. A final, double-blind comparison of cimetidine, 200 mg, with placebo administered with the aspirin, 1,300 mg, confirmed that cimetidine protected the gastric mucosa from the hemorrhagic effects of aspirin. PMID- 3258125 TI - Peripheral T-cell lymphoma presenting as hypereosinophilia with vasculitis. PMID- 3258126 TI - Absence of clonal beta and gamma T-cell receptor gene rearrangements in a subset of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. AB - The authors describe a set of seven peripheral T-cell lymphomas that lack detectable rearrangements of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes. All cases showed antigenic profiles consistent with T-cell lymphoma, including expression of Leu-5 (CD2) antigen. However, few other T-lineage markers were found, and none of the cases tested (6 of 7) bound antibody recognizing the constant region of the beta TCR protein. Each case showed exclusively germline configurations of DNA for the beta TCR genes in Southern blot analyses with the use of several different combinations of restriction enzymes and DNA hybridization probes. One case contained clonal rearrangements of the gamma TCR gene and of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Our results suggest that certain cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma may lack rearrangements of TCR genes--particularly those cases expressing restricted numbers of T-lineage antigens. In view of these findings, failure to detect rearrangements of TCR genes by Southern blot analyses is not necessarily inconsistent with malignant lymphocytic proliferations in T-lineage neoplasia. PMID- 3258127 TI - Direct evidence for granuloma-inducing activity of interleukin-1. Induction of experimental pulmonary granuloma formation in mice by interleukin-1-coupled beads. AB - Pulmonary granulomas were induced in BALB/c mice by the intratracheal injection of Sephadex G-50 and latex beads. Very large granulomas developed around Sephadex G-50 beads. Minimal inflammation was produced in mice given latex beads. Aqueous extracts prepared from pulmonary granuloma lesions induced in mice by Sephadex G 50 beads contained high levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity but not interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity. IL-1 activity in the extracts correlated with granuloma size. In a subsequent step, large granulomas were induced by the intratracheal injection of Sepharose 4B beads coupled to fractions of the extracts containing IL-1 activity (ie, granuloma-derived IL-1) prepared from Sephadex G-50-induced granulomatous lungs. In addition, large granulomas were induced by the intratracheal injection of recombinant IL-1-coated Sepharose 4B beads. In contrast, very small granulomas were seen when IL-2-coated or plain Sepharose 4B beads were injected into mice. These results indicate that IL-1 participates in the induction and/or expression of granulomas. PMID- 3258128 TI - Epidermal growth factor rapidly activates the hexose monophosphate shunt in kidney cells. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogen that rapidly activates plasma membrane Na+-H+ exchangers, thereby causing intracellular alkalinization. The rise in intracellular pH (pHi) may be an important signal for cell growth. However, recent studies have dissociated Na+-H+ exchange activity and/or alkalinization from cellular proliferation. We have studied the role of EGF in the growth of rat renal proximal tubule (PT) cells in primary culture and monitored the early effects of EGF on pHi in these cells using microfluorimetry and the pHi probe, 2',7'-biscarboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). EGF increased DNA synthesis in growing PT cells and produced transient alkalinization (2-3 min) due to activation of Na+-H+ exchange. In contrast, in the absence of extracellular Na+, EGF administration caused pHi to decrease. This acidification was prevented by 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 6-aminonicotinamide, inhibitors of glucose utilization and the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP), respectively. EGF was also found to stimulate HMP shunt activity in PT cells using an isotopic method for distinguishing between glucose utilization through the HMP shunt vs. glycolysis. Because EGF caused both cytoplasmic acidifying (HMP activation) and alkalinizing (Na+-H+ exchange activation) processes, we propose that the primary role for the activation of Na+-H+ exchange during growth may be to extrude acid from the cell in order to maintain pHi at levels permissive for cell growth. PMID- 3258129 TI - Volume response of quiescent and interleukin 2-stimulated T-lymphocytes to hypotonicity. AB - Regulatory volume decreased (RVD) in lymphocytes in response to hyptonically induced swelling is dependent on the membrane permeabilities of K+, Cl-, and H2O. We used electronic cell sizing, cell water determination, and the whole cell patch-clamp method to study these membrane permeabilities in the cloned mouse T lymphocyte, L2. Quiescent L2 cells express low levels of a voltage-gated K+ channel and show no RVD at 25 degrees C. In contrast, L2 cells stimulated to proliferate with the growth factor interleukin 2 have increased K+ conductance and show RVD in response to hypotonicity. RVD in stimulated cells is blocked by quinine and verapamil at levels that also completely block the voltage-gated K+ conductance. Swollen, unstimulated L2 cells can be induced to shrink by addition of the monovalent cation ionophore gramicidin in the presence of impermeant extracellular organic cations; gramicidin also enhances the rate of RVD in stimulated cells. Additionally, the anion transport inhibitor 4,4' diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) blocks this gramicidin facilitated RVD. These results suggest that a minimum requisite Cl- permeability is present even in the unstimulated L2 cells, that a necessary and limiting K+ permeability determines the rate of RVD, and that this K+ permeability increases after growth-factor stimulation as predicted from the direct measurement of voltage-gated K+ conductance. The hydraulic permeability is approximately 70% greater in proliferating L2 cells than in quiescent cells. At 37 degrees C, some RVD occurs in unstimulated L2 cells, and stimulated cells show faster and more complete shrinkage. These results are discussed with respect to the underlying membrane permeabilities and their relation to stimulated cell proliferation. PMID- 3258130 TI - Distribution of polyamines and their biosynthetic enzymes in intestinal adaptation. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and the polyamines have been shown to be important for growth processes in the intestinal mucosa. The highest activity of ODC is found in the differentiated, nonproliferating villus-tip cells rather than in the rapidly proliferating undifferentiated crypt cells. During poststarvation refeeding and lactation, we now show that increases in ODC activity paralleled the time course of mucosal hyperplasia and thymidine incorporation. Increases in ODC (threefold) were similar in villus and crypt cells, and the villus-crypt gradient of decreasing ODC activity (40:1) was maintained. The activity of the other polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SDC), was highest in the crypt cells in the basal state and increased throughout the entire villus-crypt axis during refeeding and lactation, preserving a villus crypt gradient opposite to that of ODC. During hyperplasia, all three polyamines increased. Putrescine was highest in the villus-tip cells, paralleling ODC activity, whereas spermidine and spermine were highest in the crypt cells and paralleled the distribution of SDC activity. Thus SDC activity and spermidine and spermine content may play a more important role than ODC and putrescine in regulation of intestinal mucosal proliferation. It is also possible that the threefold increases in the low levels of ODC in the crypt cells are adequate to trigger cell proliferation, whereas the higher ODC levels in villus cells may represent an association with the differentiation of the enterocytes. PMID- 3258131 TI - Enhanced fever following castration: possible involvement of brain arginine vasopressin. AB - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is thought to act as an antipyretic in the ventral septal area (VSA) of the brain. As AVP content of this area has been shown to be virtually eliminated following long-term castration, we have tested the hypothesis that castrated rats would display enhanced fevers. Four months after castration (or sham castration), male Wistar rats were given prostaglandin E1 (200 ng), purified interleukin 1 (25 U), or saline (5 microliters) into a lateral cerebral ventricle. Castrated rats displayed fevers of longer duration, reflected as significantly enhanced thermal indexes, than did age-matched sham-operated controls. Castrated rats also were less able to defend their body temperatures to ambient heat stress but not to ambient cold. AVP content of VSA and lateral septum, but not of hippocampus, of castrated rats was significantly reduced; oxytocin content of the three areas was unchanged following castration. These data support earlier studies concerning effects of castration on septal AVP content and are consistent with the possibility that AVP is an antipyretic in the VSA of the rat. PMID- 3258132 TI - Cerebral blood flow changes during sodium-lactate-induced panic attacks. AB - Dynamic single-photon emission computed axial tomography (CAT) with inhaled xenon 133 was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow in 10 drug-free patients with DSM-III-diagnosed panic disorder and in five normal control subjects. All subjects underwent regional cerebral blood flow studies while at rest or during normal saline infusion and during sodium lactate infusion. Six of the 10 patients and none of the control subjects experienced lactate-induced panic attacks. Lactate infusion markedly raised hemispheric blood flow levels in both control subjects and patients who did not panic. Patients who did panic experienced either a minimal increase or a decrease in hemispheric blood flow. PMID- 3258133 TI - Refining prevalence estimates of pathological gambling. AB - Pathological gambling was officially defined as a psychiatric illness by APA in 1980. The authors report on the results of a state-wide study in New York that indicated significant differences between problem gamblers in the general population and pathological gamblers entering publicly funded treatment programs. These results, based on telephone interviews using standardized assessment instruments with 1,000 persons, raise serious clinical and programmatic issues regarding the development and organization of appropriate services for pathological gamblers. They also point to the fact that large segments of the general population are not receiving needed services. PMID- 3258134 TI - Seroprevalence of HIV antibody among individuals entering the Iowa Prison System. AB - From January 1 to April 30, 1986, all individuals entering the Iowa prison system were tested for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Sera were collected on 363 newly incarcerated inmates, 389 inmates returning to prison, and 107 forensic psychiatric patients. Three of the 859 serum samples (0.3 per cent) tested during this study were reactive by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) testing, but none reactive by the Western blot. Analysis for AIDS risk factors included a high prior IV-drug use rate (22-50 per cent) and a low admitted homosexuality rate in a predominantly young white male population. PMID- 3258135 TI - Biphasic thallium 201 spect-imaging for the noninvasive diagnosis of myocardial perfusion abnormalities in a child with Kawasaki disease--a case report. AB - The mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) is of increasing importance for the pediatric cardiologist, for coronary aneurysms with the potential of thrombosis and subsequent stenosis can develop in the course of the disease. The authors report a 2 1/2-year-old female child in whom, fourteen months after the acute phase of Kawasaki disease, myocardial infarction occurred. Biphasic thallium 201 SPECT-imaging using dipyridamole depicted anterior wall ischemia and inferolateral infarction. This case demonstrates that noninvasive vasodilation-redistribution thallium 201 SPECT-imaging has the potential to predict reversible myocardial perfusion defects and myocardial necrosis, even in small infants with Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3258136 TI - Celery allergy: clinical and biological study of 20 cases. AB - In 20 patients, the ingestion of celery was responsible for mucocutaneous symptoms (generalized urticaria and angioedema) (18/20) and respiratory disorders (7/20). Four cases of systemic anaphylaxis were observed. The main associated allergic disorder was pollinosis (16/20). Food allergy to other vegetable products, mainly other Umbelliferae and apples, coexisted with celery allergy in 12 cases. It was found that celery allergy is mediated by IgE antibodies: it is easily diagnosed by skin tests (fresh extracts of celery may be used) and by adequate RAST (17 positive results). Cosensitization with mugwort pollen (14 cases) and birch pollen (9 cases) was found. Celery allergens responsible for clinical sensitization originate chiefly in the tuber and are at least partly thermally labile. The frequent association with pollen sensitization suggests the existence of common antigenic epitopes in celery extracts and mugwort and birch pollens. The immunologic investigations carried out so far (RAST inhibition and immunoprint) seem to support this hypothesis. PMID- 3258137 TI - [Complement activation during anesthesia]. PMID- 3258138 TI - Metastatic renal cancer treated with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. A phase II clinical trial. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To confirm the antitumor efficacy of treatment with interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells in patients with metastatic renal cancer. DESIGN: Nonrandomized, phase II clinical trial. SETTING: Tertiary care units in university medical centers. PATIENTS: Consecutive trial of 35 patients with metastatic or unresectable renal cell cancer who have bidimensionally measurable disease, performance status 0 or 1, and normal function of all vital organs. Thirty-two patients completed interleukin-2 priming and received at least one lymphokine-activated killer cell infusion. Three patients were removed from the study and did not receive infusion of cells secondary to rapid tumor progression or toxicity. INTERVENTIONS: Patients initially received recombinant interleukin 2, 100,000 units/kg body weight every 8 hours, on days 1 to 5 in a priming phase to stimulate lymphokine-activated killer cell precursors and effector activity in vivo. Leukapheresis was done on days 8 to 12 and lymphocytes were cultured in vitro with interleukin-2 for 3 to 4 days to amplify lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. Finally, interleukin-2, 100,000 units/kg every 8 hours, was infused with cultured cells on days 12 to 16. All doses of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells were administered in intensive care units. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The mean number of doses of interleukin-2 administered during the priming phase was 12.9 +/- 0.4; the mean number of lymphokine-activated killer cells reinfused was 7.0 +/- 0.6 X 10(10); and the mean number of interleukin-2 doses administered during the last phase was 10.2 +/ 0.6. The overall objective response rate was 16%; two patients had complete responses and three patients had partial responses with greater than 50% reduction of all measurable tumor. The complete responders remain disease-free at 12 and 9 months. Two partial responders have not had tumor regrowth at 16 and 15 months. The third partial responder relapsed at 4 months. Toxicity was severe but generally of short duration and manageable. There were no treatment-related deaths. Hypotension, weight gain, anemia, and elevations of serum creatinine levels and liver enzymes were common. Two patients required intubation; one patient had a myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: This phase II study confirms the antitumor activity of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy in patients with metastatic or unresectable renal cell cancer. Response rates, especially complete remission rates, are comparable or better than rates achieved with other forms of therapy. PMID- 3258139 TI - Fansidar and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3258140 TI - Distinct biological and serological properties of human immunodeficiency viruses from the brain. AB - Human immunodeficiency viruses from the brain can be distinguished from peripheral blood isolates by their ability to infect established human cell lines and their sensitivity to serum neutralization. Isolates from the brain and lymph nodes obtained from the same person displayed similar host range tropism and susceptibility to serum neutralization; however, the brain isolate infected macrophages more efficiently. These data suggest that brain isolates may represent a distinct subtype of the human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3258141 TI - Natural variants of human immunodeficiency virus from patients with neurological disorders do not kill T4+ cells. AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has selective T4-cell tropism and is cytocidal to cells with the helper-inducer phenotype. Central nervous system dysfunctions can complicate full-blown acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) but can also be present either in isolation or in the context of AIDS-related complex. Remarkably bland histopathological findings have been reported in some patients with AIDS dementia in the presence of severe clinical dysfunction. Thus, to understand the cytopathic properties of HIV, we recovered five viral isolates from 4 patients with neurological symptoms of AIDS and identified them as HIVs. The replication and cytocidal properties of these isolates were compared with lymphadenopathy-associated virus in vitro. All five isolates exhibited replication efficiency equivalent to lymphadenopathy-associated virus, but four isolates did not kill CD4 (T4+) cells. These findings provide evidence for the existence of replication-competent noncytocidal natural variants of HIV and raise the possibility that, in some AIDS patients, neurological disorders might be caused by HIV variants that are noncytocidal to T4 cells. PMID- 3258142 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Trichomonas vaginalis to 50 antimicrobial agents. AB - We determined the susceptibilities of five strains of Trichomonas vaginalis, one of which was metronidazole resistant, to 50 antimicrobial agents. For the metronidazole-susceptible strains, the most active agents were metronidazole, tinidazole, mebendazole, furazolidone, and anisomycin. Against the resistant strain mebendazole, furazolidone, and anisomycin were the most active. Antifungal agents, beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and folic acid antagonists were ineffective against all strains. PMID- 3258143 TI - In vitro activities of five new quinolones against 88 genital and neonatal Haemophilus isolates. AB - In vitro activities of five new quinolones against 88 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae isolated from genitourinary or neonatal infections were studied. All strains were susceptible, and MICs were similar to those for respiratory tract isolates. However, H. influenzae biotype IV appeared to be more susceptible to norfloxacin, enoxacin, and ciprofloxacin than the other biotypes were. PMID- 3258145 TI - Neonatal infections with Haemophilus species. AB - During a 27 month study seven nonserotypable strains of Haemophilus influenzae and two of Haemophilus parainfluenzae were isolated from nine neonates. Seven had early infection associated with respiratory distress or conjunctivitis; three had septicaemia one of whom died. The incidence of haemophilus septicaemia was 0.23 per 1000 live births. PMID- 3258146 TI - Ranitidine in the newborn. AB - An infusion of ranitidine 0.2 mg/kg/hour abruptly halted a life threatening gastrointestinal haemorrhage in an anuric infant of 30 weeks' gestation. PMID- 3258147 TI - Comparative morbidity of mitral valve repair versus replacement for mitral regurgitation with and without coronary artery disease. AB - Mitral valve repair has been increasingly used at our hospital for mitral regurgitation with and without coronary disease. From January, 1984, to June, 1987, of 338 patients undergoing all forms of mitral valve surgery, 140 had first time surgery for pure mitral regurgitation: 75 had valve repair, and 65 had valve replacement. Thirty-three of 75 (44%) had concomitant coronary bypass in the repair group, while 21 of 65 (32%) had coronary bypass in the replacement group. The mean functional class (3.4 versus 3.5), age (60 versus 61 years), and preoperative hemodynamics were similar in both groups. The cause of mitral regurgitation in the repair group was myxomatous change in 32 patients, ischemia in 27, rheumatic valve disease in 12, and endocarditis in 4. A Carpentier ring was used in 46, a Duran ring was used in 11, and none was used in 18. The operative mortality was 3 of 75 patients (4%) in the repair group, all with coronary artery bypass grafting, versus 2 of 65 patients (3%) in the replacement group, 1 of whom had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting. The mean postoperative functional class 15 months postoperatively was 1.12 in the repair group versus 1.15 in the replacement group. There were 7 late deaths in the replacement group and only 3 late deaths in the repair group. Actuarial survival at 30 months was 85 +/- 6% for the replacement group and 94 +/- 4% for the repair group. There were 5 late emboli (1 fatal, 4 nonfatal) after valve replacement and none after valve repair (p = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258144 TI - Inhibitors of folic acid synthesis in the treatment of experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - Inhibitors of folic acid synthesis were compared alone and in different combinations in the therapy of pneumocystosis in immunosuppressed rats. Sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, and sulfadoxine) and sulfones (dapsone) used alone were very active against Pneumocystis carinii, as judged by histologic examination of the lungs and by organism quantitation. Improved efficacy could not be demonstrated by the addition of an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase to the regimen. Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (trimethoprim, diaveridine, and pyrimethamine) used alone were ineffective against P. carinii. All drugs were well tolerated except pyrimethamine, which caused bone marrow depression; folinic acid ameliorated this adverse reaction but did not interfere with P. carinii treatment. These data have potential clinical implications but need to be interpreted with caution and in light of other systems of P. carinii drug evaluation. PMID- 3258148 TI - Postoperative fibrous cardiac constriction. AB - Two patients with postoperative fibrous cardiac constriction are described. Unlike postoperative pericardial or epicardial constriction, the fibrous constricting layer in these patients envelopes the vein bypass grafts and is separate from the pericardium, which is not involved. Surgical management of these patients is difficult and hazardous; a strategy is outlined. PMID- 3258149 TI - Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. AB - The Society of Thoracic Surgeons remains greatly concerned about the use of raw mortality data as the sole measure to determine quality of care following coronary artery bypass surgery. Use of such data without consideration of risk factors that are predictors of hospital mortality and of other indices of quality of care is inappropriate and misleading and may adversely affect the care of the high-risk cardiac surgical patient. The Society is committed to the principle of providing the public with accurate information regarding the conduct of coronary artery surgery. However, it believes that the data provided by HCFA do not provide this information and should not be used as the sole index of quality of care following coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3258150 TI - Ciliated mucous cells found in the nasal mucosa of a patient with Kartagener's syndrome. AB - Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of ciliated cells containing many mucous secretory granules in the nasal surface epithelium of a 13 year-old patient suffering from Kartagener's syndrome. In these cells, mucous secretory granules were accumulated in the apical cytoplasm, and the Golgi apparatus was well developed in the supranuclear region. Mucous secretory granules were discharged infrequently through the apical cell membranes by single or compound exocytosis. The cells were considered to be ciliated mucous cells, which have already been reported to be present in the lower respiratory tract but not in the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 3258151 TI - The separation of myo-inositol phosphates by ion-pair chromatography. AB - The separation of myo-inositol phosphates by ion pair, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography has been investigated. The retention of the inositol phosphates is dependent on both the polarity of the hetaeron utilized and on the pH of the solvent. A method is presented which permits the isocratic separation of multiple forms of inositol phosphates including isomers of myo inositol trisphosphate. This method appears to be superior to the anion exchange based systems currently employed because of smaller retention volumes, the low ionic strength of the solvent employed, the absence of a requirement for reequilibration, and the ability to perform separations isocratically. PMID- 3258152 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the maltohexaose-producing amylase gene from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. #707 and structural similarity to liquefying type alpha amylases. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the gene for maltohexaose-producing amylase from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. #707 was determined. Starting at an ATG initiation codon, an open reading frame was composed of 1554 bp (518 amino acids). The NH2 terminal portion encoded a 33 amino acid-long signal peptide. The deduced amino acid sequence of the extracellular mature enzyme was more than 60% homologous to those of the liquefying type alpha-amylases but not to those of the saccharifying type alpha-amylases. The sequence of its signal peptide was completely different from those of other alpha-amylases. PMID- 3258153 TI - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) produces inositol phosphates and increases cytoplasmic free calcium in cultured porcine thyroid cells. AB - The initial signal for thyroid cell proliferation is unknown. This is the first report to show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) produces inositol phosphates and increases cytoplasmic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in the thyroid gland. In cultured porcine thyroid cells, 10 nM EGF produces a breakdown of phosphatidylinositol and stimulates inositol phosphate production. Ten nM EGF increases [Ca2+]i, measured using fura-2, a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator; the EGF induced [Ca2+]i response occurs immediately, reaches a maximum within several seconds, and then slowly declines. EGF stimulates production of inositol phosphates, which seem to increase [Ca2+]i. Inositol phosphate production and an increase in [Ca2+]i after EGF-stimulation may function as an initial signal for thyroid cell proliferation. PMID- 3258155 TI - Interaction of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion with human platelets. AB - When uptake of the Parkinson's syndrome inducing neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) and its major brain metabolite MPP+ (1-methyl 4-phenylpyridinium ion) by human platelets were compared in platelet rich plasma, a much higher rate was observed for the metabolite. The uptake process was saturable (Km = 6.8 microM; Vmax = 0.064 nmole/min/mg protein) and could be blocked by inhibitors of serotonin uptake. The accumulation of MPP+ by the platelets was accompanied by a decrease in intracellular ATP and an inhibition of mitochondrial state 3 respiration. These findings are consistent with earlier reports of the effect of MPP+ on isolated mitochondria as a potential cytotoxic mechanism, but also demonstrate that the dopamine uptake system is not the only means by which this metabolite can be efficiently transported into cells. PMID- 3258154 TI - Biochemical genetic analysis of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine metabolism in human T lymphocytes. AB - 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddAdo) has been shown to inhibit the infection of cultured human T lymphoblasts with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). However, the pathways of ddAdo metabolism in T lymphocytes have not been well defined. We have studied the uptake and degradation of ddAdo in human CEM T lymphoblasts, in mutant CEM T cells deficient in adenosine kinase or deoxycytidine kinase, and in normal lymphocytes and monocytes. The results indicate that ddAdo may be phosphorylated in T cells by several different enzymes, although deoxycytidine kinase predominates. However, 99% of the ddAMP formed is deaminated by AMP deaminase and subsequently dephosphorylated. Thus, the ability of ddAdo to prevent HIV-1 infection may be limited in cells with high AMP deaminase activity. PMID- 3258156 TI - Coronary arterial dimensions and cell populations in ageing man. AB - A combined computerised morphometric and immunocytochemical study on the ageing human coronary arterial wall shows that dilatation of the vessel is related to age but is less related to the degree of atherosclerosis. Loss of medial smooth muscle is not related to either atherosclerosis or dilatation of the artery. Occasional cases with severe medial and adventitial infiltrates of inflammatory cells (mainly T-cells and macrophages) do develop marked ectasia, but this arteritis is rather rare and, thus, an infrequent cause of dilatation. PMID- 3258157 TI - Familial aggregation of coronary heart disease: partial mediation by high density lipoproteins? AB - The potential explanation of coronary heart disease inheritance by the major coronary risk factors was explored in a random sample of 1044 males, aged 40-70 years, who formed part of the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Study. Standardised data were available on personal and family history, coronary risk factors, resting and exercise electrocardiography. Twelve percent of subjects had coronary heart disease (previous myocardial infarction or electrocardiographic changes) and 20% had a family history of heart attack before 60 years in first degree relatives. In the presence of a family history of heart attack, the mean level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was 5 mg/dl lower in cases of coronary heart disease than in controls. No such difference existed in the absence of a family history of heart attack. In multiple logistic regression, HDL C was a significant negative predictor of coronary heart disease presence, but only in subjects having a positive family history. A 1 standard deviation (10 mg/dl) increment in HDL-C was associated with a two-thirds reduction in heart disease risk. Other risk factors did not predict the occurrence of coronary heart disease to any significant extent in subjects with a positive family history of heart attack. In an overall logistic model combining family history with other risk factors, the significant predictors of heart disease were: age, total plasma cholesterol, hypertension, family history and HDL-C. The interaction term, family history X HDL-C, was also a significant negative predictor of heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258158 TI - Delusions of parasitosis associated with coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 3258159 TI - Production of a multipotential cell (CFU-S) proliferation inhibitor by various populations of mouse and human macrophages. AB - Some bone marrow macrophages from a variety of animal species synthesize a proliferation inhibitor which specifically inhibits the flow of murine CFU-S into DNA-synthesis. Macrophages from other sources have now been assayed for their capacity to produce this inhibitor. Macrophages from mouse blood, marrow, spleen and peritoneum and human blood were cultured and their ability to produce inhibitor assayed against proliferating CFU-S by the tritiated thymidine suicide assay. Inhibitor was observed in all mouse and most human preparations though with varying degrees of activity, showing functional heterogeneity in the development of macrophages in different tissues. Peripheral blood from both mouse and human showed activity approaching that of fresh marrow. This confirms that mouse assay systems can be used to study the human counterpart of the mouse CFU-S proliferation inhibitor and that blood is a convenient source of material for purification and characterization studies. PMID- 3258160 TI - Interleukin 2 production in bone marrow of normal individuals and patients associated with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - T-cells from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) have abnormal T4/T8 ratios and functions. Previously, we demonstrated that peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells from B-CLL patients secrete significant amounts of interleukin 2 (IL2) with an apparent dysregulation of accessory cells controlling this production. In this study, IL2 production was investigated in PB and in bone marrow (BM) from patients with previously untreated B-CLL, mostly in early stages of the disease, and compared to normal donors. A significant secretion was observed in both PB and BM from B-CLL patients after stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), with lower amounts in patients with nodular involvement of BM, as compared to interstitial or diffuse involvements. To explore the role of accessory cells in controlling IL2 production, we added phorbol ester or indomethacin to the culture system or irradiated the cells before culture. Phorbol ester significantly increased the IL2 secretion in both the PB and the BM of B-CLL patients. The irradiation or the addition of indomethacin did not enhance the IL2 production in PB from B-CLL patients. However, IL2 secretion increased in the BM cells from B-CLL patients after addition of indomethacin or prior irradiation, in a similar way to that observed in PB and BM of normal controls, suggesting an apparent normal control of the IL2 production in BM from B-CLL patients. In normal controls, we demonstrated that IL2 secretion per T-cell from BM was 5.4-fold greater than that from normal PB, suggesting a very efficient role of accessory cells controlling IL2 production in normal BM. PMID- 3258161 TI - Beryllium exposure and pulmonary function: a cross sectional study of beryllium workers. AB - A cross sectional study of 297 white male workers employed in a large beryllium plant was conducted to test the hypothesis that long term exposure to beryllium is associated with decrements in pulmonary function. Spirometric measurement of pulmonary function, chest radiographs, and arterial blood gas measurements were collected. After controlling for age, height, and smoking in multivariate regression models, decrements in FVC and FEV1 were found to be associated with cumulative exposure to beryllium in the period up until 20 years before the health survey. These decrements were observed in workers who had no radiographic abnormalities. The alveolar-arterial oxygen difference was associated with cumulative exposure in the 10 years immediately before survey, after controlling for age and smoking. These findings suggest that beryllium may have both short and long term pulmonary effects that are distinct from the classic forms of acute and chronic beryllium disease. PMID- 3258162 TI - C1q component of complement binds to fibrinogen and fibrin. AB - The interaction of complement component C1q with fibrinogen and fibrin was studied by using a solid-phase direct binding assay. Scatchard analysis of radioiodinated fibrinogen binding to C1q indicated at least two high-affinity binding constants (Kd) calculated as 8.5 and 120 nM. In contrast, binding of radioiodinated fibrin to C1q showed only a single class of binding sites with a calculated Kd of 600 nM. Fibrinogen-C1q binding was shown to decrease as a function of increasing salt concentrations, indicating either the presence of charged amino acids in the binding sites or an ionic strength induced conformational dependency of the binding. In direct binding studies using isolated fragments of C1q, both the collagen-like domain of C1q and the globular domains of C1q were shown to bind fibrinogen, indicating at least one binding site for fibrinogen is located in each of the major domains of C1q. Addition of the thrombin-generated peptides of fibrinogen, fibrinopeptides A and B, enhanced C1q-fibrinogen binding, again indicating a complex binding interaction. These results indicate that C1q and fibrinogen are capable of high-affinity interactions that may serve to sequester these complexes in areas of tumors, immune complex deposition, or wounds. PMID- 3258163 TI - Naturally occurring anti-DNA antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus patients may be used to study gene expression in vitro. AB - Anti-B-DNA and anti-Z-DNA antibodies were prepared from the serum of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients by affinity chromatography. The anti-Z-DNA antibodies were shown to exhibit site-specific binding preferences in pBR322 negatively supercoiled (plasmid) DNA, as assayed by restriction-enzyme cleavage. The anti-B-DNA antibodies were found to stimulate in vitro transcription of pBR322, whereas little effect was observed on combination with anti-Z-DNA antibodies. The results support the proposal that the formation of Z-DNA is a down-regulatory mechanism and that the B to Z conformational change may be a flip flop control for gene expression. PMID- 3258164 TI - Controlled proteolysis of ammonia-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I from Syrian hamster liver. AB - Ammonia-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I (carbon-dioxide: ammonia ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating), EC 6.3.4.16; formerly EC 2.7.2.5) isolated from hamster liver mitochondria is comprised of identical 160 kDa polypeptide chains. Controlled proteolysis by elastase sequentially cleaved this molecule into a small number of specific fragments. The first cleavage led to a complete loss of enzymatic activity and the formation of a 145 kDa species that was subsequently degraded into 83 kDa and 62 kDa fragments. Very different results were obtained when proteolysis was carried out in the presence of saturating ATP, MgCl2, NH4Cl, and the activator N-acetyl-L-glutamate. These ligands stabilized the molecule 8-fold against elastase digestion. Moreover, only small amounts of the 145 kDa species were generated. Instead, the molecule was initially cleaved into a fully active 120 kDa species and a 40 kDa proteolytic fragment. The same species were found in limit digests conducted in the presence and absence of ligands, indicating that only the sequence of elastase cleavages differed. Comparison of digests conducted in the presence of each ligand alone and in combination, showed that while NH4Cl and N-acetyl-L-glutamate were necessary for maximal stabilization of the molecule, the altered digestion pattern was produced specifically by MgATP. The MgATP-induced change in digestion pattern correlated well with the steady-state ATP saturation curve, suggesting that the production of the 120 kDa species resulted from ATP binding to the active site. The effect of MgATP on the proteolysis of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I was not the result of an alteration in oligomeric structure, but the protection of two elastase cleavage sites. The results were interpreted on the basis of the primary structure recently determined elsewhere. PMID- 3258165 TI - The plasma binding protein for vitamin D is a site of discrimination against vitamin D-2 compounds by the chick. AB - The binding of 25-hydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D-3 and 25-hydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D-2 to the vitamin D binding protein in the plasma of both rats and chicks has been studied. In the case of rats, sucrose density gradient analysis, competitive displacement, and Scatchard analysis demonstrate that 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-2 are bound equally well to the vitamin D binding protein. In contrast, 25-hydroxyvitamin D-2 is poorly bound, while 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 is tightly bound to the vitamin D binding protein in chick plasma. On the other hand, the chick intestinal receptor binds 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-2 and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D-3 equally well with a KD of 7.10(-11) M for both compounds. These results strongly suggest that the failure of the plasma transport protein in chicks to bind the vitamin D-2 compounds may be responsible for their relative ineffectiveness in these animals. PMID- 3258166 TI - Tuning in the bullfrog ear. AB - When electrical resonances were observed in acoustic sensory cells of lower vertebrates, the hearing research community was presented with the exciting possibility that tuning in the ears of those animals might be explained directly in terms of familiar molecular devices. It is reported here that in the frog sacculus, where electrical resonances have been observed in isolated hair cells, the effects of those resonances are completely obscured in the tuning properties of the sacculus in the intact ear. This observation has important implications not only for students of the ear, but for reductionist biologists in general. All of the dynamic properties of a system of connected, bidirectional processes are consequences of all of those processes at once; in such a system, the properties of an experimentally isolated subsystem may be totally obscured in the operation of the system as a whole. PMID- 3258167 TI - [Immunomodulating action of interferon in congenital and experimental thymus dependent immunodeficiency]. AB - A study of immunomodulating action of mouse alpha/beta interferon (IFN) was performed in conditions of congenital and experimental thymus-dependent immune deficiency. The action of IFN was assessed in vivo, with IFN injected intraperitoneally. It was shown that IFN did not change killer effect of lymphocytes in the reaction of stem cell inactivation in "nude" mice, but enhanced antibody and rosette formation in the spleen of these animals. In addition, IFN did not change these parameters in the spleen of HRS mice with abnormal differentiation of T lymphocytes, but enhanced antibody and rosette formation in the spleen of mice, thymectomized in old age. It is concluded that the normal function of T-system is essential for the action of IFN. PMID- 3258168 TI - [Influence of ethacizin (the diethyl analog of ethmozine) on phase-dependent parasympathetic effects on the heart]. AB - The influence of ethacizin (a diethylamine analog of ethmozine) (1.10(-7)-1.10( 6) g/ml) upon the phase-dependent chronotropic parasympathetic effects was studied on the perfused frog heart. The vagolytic influence of ethacizin (5.10( 7) and 1.10(-6) g/ml) was detected; the concentration of 1.10(-7) g/ml was found ineffective. The vagolytic effect consisted of a decreased maximum of phase dependent effect, reduced latency and time required for the manifestation of the maximum increase. The period of inhibitory vagal stimulus effectiveness did not change significantly. PMID- 3258169 TI - [Effect of interleukin-1 on adrenal function in mice]. AB - The influence of macrophage secretion product on the functional activity of the adrenal glands has been studied in mice. It has been shown that intravenously injected interleukin-1 caused dose-dependent increase in corticosterone content in the blood plasma. The hormonal response of the adrenal glands to interleukin-1 injection was abolished by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The results obtained indicate that interleukin-1 stimulates the functional activity of the adrenal glands, with the effect mediated by prostaglandins. PMID- 3258170 TI - Detection of coronary artery bypass graft patency as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. AB - In a study of 22 patients with 60 coronary artery bypass grafts, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correctly assessed graft patency or occlusion in 90% of cases when compared with selective coronary graft angiography and computed tomography. It is concluded that MRI can detect a normally functioning coronary artery bypass graft and could be used as a non-invasive technique to assess graft patency in patients presenting with post-operative angina. PMID- 3258171 TI - Deconvolution of emission tomographic data: a clinical evaluation. AB - A method of improving the quality of images in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is demonstrated using transaxial images of the liver and brain. Deconvolution of the nuclear medicine data by a point source response function (PSRF) acquired previously in a scattering medium attempts to compensate for scattered radiation within the patient. The average geometric response of the collimator of the gamma camera is also compensated for with this technique. Three patients with known metastatic lesions in the liver and three with primary lesions in the brain were imaged. Clinical assessment of reconstructed slices both before and after deconvolution demonstrates that compensating for the effects of scatter and of collimator blurring leads to enhanced detail of pathological lesions. In all cases, cold lesions seen prior to deconvolution were enhanced in detail and, in addition, new lesions were seen with this technique. PMID- 3258172 TI - Intra-operative localization of bleeding small intestinal lesions. AB - We prospectively studied 12 patients to compare fibreoptic enteroscopy and methylene blue injection through superselectively prepositioned angiographic catheters in intra-operative localization of bleeding small intestinal lesions. Four patients were excluded because the lesions were easily detected by gross examination. Eight patients were subjected to study by these two methods. As methylene blue injection required a positive angiography, it was possible only in five patients. In two of these five patients, non-bleeding lesions were present outside the intestinal segments localized by this method. Enteroscopy was simple, accurate and reliable in seven patients. Complete enteroscopy was impossible in one patient with advanced lymphoma because the intestine and its mesentery were matted together. Fortunately, the bleeding ulcers were still within the reach of the endoscope. Enteroscopy localized bleeding small intestinal lesions more exactly than methylene blue injection so that the length of gut resection could be shorter. We, therefore, conclude that enteroscopy is the better intra operative localization procedure. PMID- 3258173 TI - Angiodysplasia of the colon: endoscopic diagnosis and treatment. AB - Of 34 patients with massive lower intestinal bleeding, 17 (11 men and 6 women, age range 33-85 years; mean 64.8 years) were diagnosed as having angiodysplasia of the colon. The diagnosis was made by colonoscopy and the lesions were treated successfully by fulguration in 13 (86.6 per cent) of 15 patients. Two of the 17 patients underwent surgical resection of the involved intestinal segment. One patient still has sporadic intestinal haemorrhage, and another patient died from bleeding of the left colon after blind right colectomy. The remaining 13 patients have had no further bleeding in the 1-7 years following colonoscopic fulguration. Colonoscopy is a useful method of diagnosing angiodysplasia of the colon and affords the possibility of treatment. PMID- 3258174 TI - Projections of the vestibular and cerebellar nuclei in Rana pipiens. AB - The efferent projections and cytoarchitecture of the vestibulocerebellar region were examined to determine the nuclear boundaries and potential homologies. The anterior portion of the vestibular complex projects to the ipsilateral oculomotor and trochlear nuclei and is the major source of commissural fibers. Neurons in the rostromedial portions of the complex project to the contralateral trochlear nucleus. Large neurons in the ventrolateral portion of the complex give rise to a bilateral vestibulospinal pathway. Medium-sized neurons in the neuropil and small neurons in the central gray giving rise to bilateral projections to the spinal cord and oculomotor nuclei as well as commissural and ipsilateral cerebellar efferents. Projections from the nucleus of the cerebellum reach the contralateral spinal cord and cerebellar nucleus and there is also a bilateral projection to the ventral rhombencephalic and mesencephalic basal plates. The medial portion of the nucleus gives rise to commissural, ipsilateral mesencephalic and contralateral spinal projections. The lateral portion of the nucleus projects to the contralateral ventral mesencephalon. On the whole, the results of this investigation substantiate the division of the anuran vestibular complex in anurans into nuclei which may be homologous to the superior nucleus and nucleus of Deiters in mammals. The case for distinct descending and medial nuclei is less compelling. Further, it appears possible to divide the nucleus of the cerebellum into medial and lateral components whose connectivity is similar to that of reptiles and to a lesser extent mammals. PMID- 3258175 TI - A translocation t(9;11)(p11;q23) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (FAB-l2). AB - We here report a t(9;11)(p11;q23) as the only abnormality in the affected cells of a 20-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L2) of T-cell origin. One hundred six patients with acute leukemia and involvement of band 11q23 were reviewed. Young age, hyperleukocytosis, and poor prognosis characterized almost all the cases in the acute leukemias with the 11q23 translocation, despite involvement of different recipient chromosomes and different morphologic and immunologic phenotypes. PMID- 3258176 TI - t(1;19) and t(12;17) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia of pre-B type. AB - We report on a patient with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and t(t;19) as the principal chromosomal abnormality. The presence of the subsequent t(12;17) and the correlation between the chromosomal anomalies and the immunologic phenotype is discussed. PMID- 3258177 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a unique rearrangement between chromosomes 4 and 11. AB - A case of pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) with a dir ins(11;4)(q23;q21q31) chromosome rearrangement is presented. The patient's clinical findings and history were similar to those described for the t(4;11)(q21;q23) subgroup of childhood ALL. These findings suggest that the interfacing of the distal breakpoint at band 4q21 to the proximal breakpoint of band 11q23 represents the primary cytogenetic change observed in this subgroup of ALL. PMID- 3258178 TI - Growth factors in cultured human glioma cells: differential effects of FGF, EGF and PDGF. AB - Primary cell cultures were initiated from surgically obtained specimens from human gliomas. After 4-10 passages in vitro the cells from 18 individual cases were seeded onto cluster dishes and left to attach for 24 h in medium containing fetal calf serum. Thereafter the medium was changed to serumfree, defined conditions and the following growth factors were added: EGF 1.5 x 10-8 M, PDGF 35 ng/ml, FGF 80 pg/ml. The growth factors were added fresh every 2 days. After 9 or 11 days in culture, the cells on one multiwell-plate were counted. In 8 cases another set which was cultured also in a multiwell-plate but on glass cover slides was immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), fibronectin (FN), A2B5 and galactocerebroside (galC). The proliferative response pattern in consequence to the growth factor addition varied greatly between different cases. In all cases a pronounced proliferative response was accompanied by marked changes on the culture morphology. Usually the best proliferative response was obtained with PDGF (10 cases) or FGF (8 cases) whereas EGF was most effective only in one case. Two cases showed only minimal response, one of which was an oligodendroglioma D according to Ludwig and another a gliosarcoma which was re evaluated after 1 year in culture. It could be noted, however, that FGF had a tendency to be less effective in the group of malignant astrocytomas. The staining pattern of the cultures with the afore mentioned markers was not affected by the growth factor treatment. The proliferative response usually resulted in increased staining for fibronectin and never an induction of GFAP. A2B5 staining was positive only in one case of gliosarcoma and galC staining was regularly negative. PMID- 3258179 TI - Reactivity with DNA bases and mutagenicity toward Salmonella typhimurium of methylchrysene diol epoxide enantiomers. AB - The reactions with DNA and mutagenic activities toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 of the R,S,S,R and S,R,R,S enantiomers of anti-1,2,-dihydroxy-3,4-epoxy 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-methylchrysene (anti-5-MeC-1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide), anti-5-MeC 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide, and anti-6-MeC-1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide were compared because among these compounds only the R,S,S,R enantiomer of anti-5-MeC-1,2-diol-3,4 epoxide is highly tumorigenic. The major products formed in the reaction of each racemic diol epoxide with DNA were two pairs of deoxyguanosine (dGuo) and deoxyadenosine (dAdo) adducts; one product in each pair was formed from the R,S,S,R enantiomer and the other from the S,R,R,S enantiomer of each racemic diol epoxide. Formation of products from R,S,S,R enantiomers exceeded formation of those from S,R,R,S enantiomers in each case. Among the R,S,S,R enantiomers, 5-MeC 1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide, which has a methyl group in the same bay region as the epoxide ring, was most reactive toward DNA, and in particular toward dGuo. The dGuo/dAdo adduct ratios were greater for the products formed from the R,S,S,R enantiomer compared to the S,R,R,S enantiomer of each diol epoxide. The dGuo/dAdo adduct ratios were also greater for the enantiomers of anti-5-MeC-1,2-diol-3,4 epoxide than for the enantiomers of either anti-5-MeC-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide or anti-6-MeC-1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide. In S. typhimurium TA 100, the R,S,S,R enantiomer of anti-5-MeC-1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide was the most mutagenic compound (6700 revertants/nmol), followed by the R,S,S,R enantiomer of anti-5-MeC-7,8-diol-9,10 epoxide (1500 revertants/nmol). The other diol epoxide enantiomers were weakly active or inactive at the doses tested. The results of this study demonstrate that both the absolute configuration of a diol epoxide and the position of the methyl group have major effects on its reactivity with DNA. The greatest reactivity is seen in an R,S,S,R enantiomer with the methyl group and epoxide ring in the same bay region, e.g., the highly tumorigenic and mutagenic 5-MeC 1R,2S-diol-3S,4R-epoxide. Comparison of the dGuo/dAdo adduct ratios of the various diol epoxides with their tumorigenic and mutagenic activities suggests that dGuo adducts are important in the expression of biological activity of methylchrysene diol epoxides. PMID- 3258181 TI - Factors influencing anti-antibody enhancement of tumor targeting with antibodies in hamsters with human colonic tumor xenografts. AB - The injection of an antiantibody (second antibody, SA) can enhance the clearance rate of a radiolabeled antitumor antibody (primary antibody, PA) from the blood. We have studied how the dose of the SA and the timing of the SA administration influence the rate of PA clearance and thereby improve tumor/nontumor ratios. Adult hamsters bearing the carcinoembryonic antigen-producing, GW-39 human colonic tumor xenograft were given injections of 131I-labeled, goat anti carcinoembryonic antigen antibody, and after 6, 24, or 48 h, an injection of donkey anti-goat immunoglobulin was given at SA:PA ratios of 25, 50, 100, or 200:1. In comparison to a control group of animals that were only given 131I-PA, the administration of the SA improved tumor/blood ratios regardless of the SA:PA ratio or time the SA was given. The most important factor in optimizing this procedure was the timing of the SA injection. Significantly improved tumor/nontumor ratios were found when the SA was given between 24 and 48 h after the PA in comparison to 6 h. This was because maximum accretion of radiolabeled PA in the tumor was not achieved until 24 h. At SA:PA ratios of 25:1, only tumor/blood ratios were significantly improved in comparison to the control group. In addition, at SA:PA ratios of 25:1 and 50:1, tumor/spleen and tumor/kidney ratios were lower than the control group, whereas at higher SA:PA ratios, all tumor/nontumor ratios were significantly improved. These studies suggest that for this model, a ratio of SA:PA of 100:1 or higher given at 24 to 48 h after the PA is the best combination for maximizing tumor/nontumor ratios. PMID- 3258180 TI - In vivo induction of the lymphokine-activated killer phenomenon: interleukin 2 dependent human non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxicity generated in vivo during administration of human recombinant interleukin 2. AB - The availability of purified human recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) has enabled clinical trials to test its in vivo effects. We report here the immunological effects of 7 consecutive days of IL-2 treatment given to 25 patients with cancer in a clinical Phase I study. Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from patients following therapy with IL-2 had enhanced proliferative responses to IL-2 and enhanced direct cytotoxic activity on K562 target cells. This lytic activity was further augmented by the addition of IL-2 during the 51Cr release assay. Fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes from some patients who had just completed treatment at the higher IL-2 dose levels were able to kill both the natural killer resistant Daudi cell line and fresh tumor cells while pretreatment samples and peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy controls were not. This lytic activity was best detected when IL-2 was present in the in vitro effector assay. These results demonstrate that the administration of IL-2 to patients with cancer induces a population of effector cells able to directly destroy natural killer resistant target cells, when assayed in the presence of IL-2. PMID- 3258182 TI - In vivo and in vitro effect of adoptive immunotherapy of experimental murine brain tumors using lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - Adoptive immunotherapy for the experimental murine brain tumor was investigated by using lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells both in vitro and in vivo. Supernatants of 48-h culture medium of spleen cells from Wistar rats in the presence of concanavalin A were used as interleukin 2 (IL-2). LAK cells were generated by cocultivation of spleen cells from Fischer rats with IL-2 with the peak reactivity on Day 2 or 3 of culture. Lytic activity was observed against not only syngenic tumor cells but also allogenic and xenogenic tumor cells, while no lytic activity was observed against normal brain cells. The cell depletion test, dye exclusion test, and immunofluorescence method using monoclonal antibodies revealed that LAK cells partially belonged to the population of the activated T cell group, but the precursor cells did not react with any monoclonal antibodies used. On the basis of these results in vivo study was performed. LAK cells and immune spleen cells were adoptively transferred to the rats i.v. or intratumorally (i.t.) on the seventh day after the inoculation of T9, a gliosarcoma induced by methylcholanthrene from Fischer rats, into the right basal ganglia. Then the survival rate and necrotic foci were compared between the groups treated with those cells and the control. The survival rate of the groups treated with LAK cells was significantly higher than that of the control (administered i.v.; P less than 0.01, administered i.t.; P less than 0.05). But the treatment with immune spleen cells was not effective. The incidence and area of necrotic foci in the tumors treated with LAK cells were greater than those of the others. Microautoradiography was also performed using [3H]thymidine-labeled LAK cells, which were administered i.v. to the models on the 14th day after the inoculation of T9. It was revealed that LAK cells accumulated in the lung shortly after the administration and then in the liver and spleen, especially in the white pulp. IL-2 inhibitor activity of the sera from the tumor-bearing rats was greater than that of normal rats (P less than 0.001), but it was depressed markedly by cyclophosphamide (P less than 0.01). The adoptive transfer of LAK cells may be one of the effective treatments of malignant brain tumor. The nature of IL-2 inhibitors is necessary to be clarified for more effective immunotherapy. PMID- 3258183 TI - Transcriptional and posttranscriptional modulation of calcitonin gene expression by sodium n-butyrate in cultured human medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - The TT cell line of human medullary thyroid carcinoma produces large quantities of calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mRNAs by alternative splicing of a primary CT gene transcript. We have previously shown that the relative levels of these mRNAs depend on the growth stages of the TT cells in culture and that these mRNAs can be increased acutely at the transcriptional level by phorbol esters (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and the cyclic nucleotide, cyclic AMP. We show here that the naturally occurring fatty acid butyrate, unlike 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or cyclic AMP, has a delayed stimulatory effect on CT gene transcription, and also can modulate the posttranscriptional processing of RNA from this gene. Treatment of the TT cells with butyrate leads to a 5-fold increase in CT gene transcription after a lag period of 48 h and to a sustained decrease in the calcitonin gene-related peptide to CT mRNA ratio throughout the growth curve of these cells. In addition to its effects on CT gene expression, butyrate also decreases cellular proliferation and c-myc expression in the TT cells. These changes suggest that butyrate induces cultured human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells to acquire in vitro properties more consistent with the differentiated phenotype of the mature thyroid C-cell which is characterized by a low calcitonin gene-related peptide to CT ratio. PMID- 3258184 TI - Changes in glycosphingolipids accompanying the differentiation of human squamous SQCC/Y1 cells. AB - SqCC/Y1 cells grow as a monolayer in culture and differentiate when maintained in the plateau phase; in the absence of serum these cells differentiate more rapidly. The differentiation is characterized by the stratification of the culture to form a structure consisting of several cellular layers, synthesis of specific keratins, and the attainment of the capacity to form a cornified cell membrane. The stratification process is indicative of the importance of cell-cell interactions during maturation. To study the relationship between membrane glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and the state of differentiation of SqCC/Y1 cells, GSLs were measured in cultures grown in the presence or absence of fetal calf serum. Glycolipids were isolated by diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex and Iatrobeads column chromatographies, and their distributions were determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. GM3 was the major ganglioside present in these cells. Other ganglioside components were tentatively identified as GM2, GM1, and GD3. Differences in ganglioside patterns were observed in differentiated cultures; the major changes were accumulation of GD3 and depletion of GM1. The predominant neutral GSLs in SqCC/Y1 cells were identified as Glc beta 1-1Cer, Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer, Gal beta 1-4Gal alpha 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer, Gal NAc beta 1-3Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer, and three unknown complex GSLs. Differentiated cultures, however, showed variations in banding patterns, which include an increase in Glc beta 1-1Cer and Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer and a decrease in Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer and Gal NAc beta 1-3Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1 4Glc beta-1Cer. These changes, however, were not observed when the cells were grown in the presence of epidermal growth factor or retinoic acid, factors which inhibit the differentiation process. The findings demonstrate significant changes in glycolipid composition of differentiated SqCC/Y1 cells grown in the absence of serum, suggesting that these lipids may be important to the differentiated state. PMID- 3258185 TI - Restoration of cytolytic T-lymphocyte response with a new immunopotentiator, N-(4 [(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]phenyl)acetamide (CL 259, 763), in mice. AB - The immunorestorative characteristics of a novel synthetic immunomodulator, N-(4 [(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]phenyl)acetamide (CL 259, 763), has been investigated in several experimental models. In one situation, the compound was shown to enhance the induction of a cytolytic T-lymphocyte response to the murine MBL-2 leukemia implanted in its syngeneic host in which only a minimal reactivity to the tumor is normally displayed. In a Vaccinia virus model, the compound similarly augmented the lytic activity of cytolytic T-lymphocyte to virus infected targets in not only viral antigen-primed but also cyclosporin A-impaired mice. Likewise, the alloreactive cytolytic T-lymphocyte activity was recovered in animals immunocompromised by inoculation with murine plasmacytomas or cytoreductive anticancer drugs, such as cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil. Thus, the present findings suggest that CL 259,763 is effective in potentiating the immune response to weak antigens as well as in restoring alloreactivity by sparing the immunotoxicity associated with the administration of cytotoxic drugs and the growth of neoplasms. PMID- 3258186 TI - Identification and selection of human lymphokine activated killer cell effectors and novel recycling intermediates by unique light-scattering properties. AB - When peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) are incubated with interleukin 2 (IL 2), a novel cytotoxic lymphocyte subpopulation, termed lymphokine activated killers (LAK), arises. LAK are functionally defined as IL 2 responsive cells demonstrating major histocompatibility antigen-unrestricted cell-mediated cytotoxicity against fresh solid tumors and other natural killer cell-resistant and -sensitive tumor targets in the absence of prior antigen priming. Flow cytometric analysis of IL 2 activated PBL using forward and right angle light scatter and fluorescence intensity identified the emergence of a large, optically dense, autofluorescent cell population which paralleled the generation of LAK activity. These unique IL 2 induced lymphocytes have been named giant autofluorescent lymphocytes (GAL). These cells are readily distinguished from the small nonfluorescent lymphocytes (SNL) observed in fresh PBL, unstimulated cultured PBL, and those cells remaining after incubation with IL 2 which have not acquired GAL characteristics. In this investigation, LAK cultures were sorted on days 4, 5, and 6 into GAL and SNL populations and were tested for oncolytic activity against the natural killer-resistant Daudi and RC-1 tumor targets. Against these targets, lymphocytes from non-IL 2 activated PBL or the sorted SNL population expressed less than 2% of the oncolytic activity (measured in lytic units) exhibited by GAL effectors. The SNL and GAL populations were cultured in IL 2 for up to 48 h following the sorting procedure and then reassayed for tumor cytolytic activity. During this culture period, GAL but not SNL continued to express LAK killing against natural killer-resistant tumor targets. Using gamma irradiation to prevent further cell cycling, it was shown that the functional half-life of the LAK effector was approximately 8.5 h. Therefore, the cytotoxicity expressed by the sorted GAL population after 48 h in culture (equivalent to five functional half-lives) must be expressed by progeny of the originally plated lymphocytes. These results indicate that in addition to the LAK effector, the GAL population contains a self-sustaining, recycling intermediate responsible for generating new LAK. Our data indicate that analysis of IL 2 activated PBL using GAL light-scattering properties has application in phenotyping LAK, monitoring of cellular kinetics, cell sorting, and enrichment of the LAK effector population, and in the clinical monitoring of IL 2 therapy. PMID- 3258187 TI - Local interleukin 2 therapy of mouse mammary tumors of various immunogenicities. AB - The local and systemic therapeutic effects of multiple injections of recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL-2), at doses of 5,000 to 100,000 units each, were tested against intramammary implants of 12 syngeneic C3H mouse mammary tumors of various immunogenicities. Among 5 tumors with transplantation-type immunogenicity and with mononuclear leukocyte infiltration, 4 tumors were affected by IL-2 therapy. A fast-growing, moderately immunogenic tumor was not affected. Among 7 tumors which did not display transplantation-type immunogenicity, 4 tumors did, nevertheless, attract mononuclear leukocytes. Among these 4 tumors, the 2 slowest growing tumors were affected by IL-2 therapy. Local and systemic therapeutic effects resulted from peritumor IL-2 injections, but not from injections 2 cm from a tumor. The results indicate that the therapeutic effectiveness of IL-2 depends on the ability of a tumor to attract IL-2 responsive immune effector cells and that therapeutic effectiveness is reduced by faster tumor growth. PMID- 3258188 TI - A comparison of the cardiopulmonary effects of continuous versus bolus infusion of recombinant interleukin-2 in sheep. AB - The systemic administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) is used for the treatment of patients with far advanced cancer. However, treatment may be limited by a so-called "third space" syndrome. Whether these side effects are due to the total dose used or the method of administration is unclear. To define whether the continuous (Group 2) or bolus (Group 3) i.v. infusion of 9 x 10(5) units/kg rIL-2 over 72 h is associated with similar toxicities, we established a chronic sheep model and monitored changes in systemic and pulmonary vascular pressures, cardiac function, and gas exchange. At 72 h lung lymph flow, lymph/plasma protein ratios, lung histology, and extravascular lung water/dry lung weight were obtained. In both groups the infusion of rIL-2 resulted in an increase in high protein lung lymph flow, an increase in cardiac output, and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Large lymphoid cells were found by histology to be infiltrating the lung interstitium. In Group 2, in addition, there were mild pulmonary hypertension [pulmonary artery pressures increased from 14 +/- 5 to 22 +/- 6 mmHg (P less than 0.05)], systemic hypotension [81 +/- 7 compared to a baseline of 95 +/- 9 mmHg (P less than 0.01)], and worsening gas exchange. We conclude that a 72 h continuous or bolus infusion of equivalent doses of rIL-2 are associated with cardiopulmonary toxicity; however, pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension, and gas exchange are worse in animals receiving the continuous infusion. PMID- 3258189 TI - Amplification and expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in human glioma xenografts. AB - Xenografts from eight malignant human gliomas were established in athymic mice and were used to study amplification and expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Tissue identity between biopsy and xenografts was confirmed by karyotypic profiles, which showed that each glioma xenograft retained structural abnormalities, including double minute chromosomes, present in the parent glioma. EGFR gene amplification was found in six of the eight glioma biopsies and their corresponding xenografts. Expression of the EGFR gene was measured by Scatchard analysis, affinity reactions, immunoprecipitations, Western immunoblots, and immunocytochemistry; significant expression of the EGFR gene was only detectable in xenografts with EGFR gene amplification. Moreover, five of the six xenografts with EGFR gene amplification demonstrated structural alterations of the EGFR gene, which was associated with low-molecular-weight EGFR proteins. These xenografts represent an excellent tissue source and in vivo model system for characterizing the epidermal growth factor receptor in malignant human gliomas. PMID- 3258190 TI - [Antibodies to brush-border antigens in ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 3258191 TI - In transgenic mice the introduced functional T cell receptor beta gene prevents expression of endogenous beta genes. AB - Transgenic mice were constructed with a functional T cell receptor beta gene. Transcription of the introduced gene is largely confined to T cells, but low levels of transcripts are also seen in B cells and in other tissues. Serological analyses show that most, if not all, of the T lymphocytes express the transgenic beta chain on the cell surface and lack beta chains encoded by endogenous beta genes. Molecular genetic analyses of uncloned and cloned T lymphocytes demonstrate that rearrangement of endogenous beta genes is incomplete. Partial D beta 1-J beta 1 rearrangements are found preferentially, while complete VDJ rearrangements are not seen. These findings show that expression of the transgene regulates the rearrangement of endogenous beta genes. Although the alpha beta T cell receptors of the transgenic mice are homogeneous with respect to the beta chain, they are fully functional, at least in a variety of allogeneic responses. PMID- 3258192 TI - Molecular analysis of a t(7;14)(q35;q32) chromosome translocation in a T cell leukemia of a patient with ataxia telangiectasia. AB - Molecular analysis of somatic cell hybrids derived from T cells carrying a t(7;14)(q35;q32) chromosomal translocation from a patient with ataxia telangiectasia and T cell leukemia indicates that the breakpoint on chromosome 14 is proximal to the IgH locus and to the D14S1 locus, while the breakpoint on chromosome 7 involves the T cell receptor beta chain locus immediately 5' to J beta 1.5 on chromosome 7. The separation of V beta and C beta observed in somatic cell hybrids defined the orientation of the T cell receptor beta chain locus on chromosome 7 where the V beta genes are centromeric and the C beta genes are telomeric. A novel chromosomal alteration, undetected cytogenetically, was revealed as being an inversion with duplication of the distal band of chromosome 14q32. The importance of the 14q32 region in the leukemogenic process is discussed. PMID- 3258193 TI - Prognostic utility of the exercise thallium-201 test in ambulatory patients with chest pain: comparison with cardiac catheterization. AB - The goal of this study was to determine the prognostic utility of the exercise thallium-201 stress test in ambulatory patients with chest pain who were also referred for cardiac catheterization. Accordingly, 4 to 8 year (mean +/- 1SD, 4.6 +/- 2.6 years) follow-up data were obtained for all but one of 383 patients who underwent both exercise thallium-201 stress testing and cardiac catheterization from 1978 to 1981. Eighty-three patients had a revascularization procedure performed within 3 months of testing and were excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 299 patients, 210 had no events and 89 had events (41 deaths, nine nonfatal myocardial infarctions, and 39 revascularization procedures greater than or equal to 3 months after testing). When all clinical, exercise, thallium-201, and catheterization variables were analyzed by Cox regression analysis, the number of diseased vessels (when defined as greater than or equal to 50% luminal diameter narrowing) was the single most important predictor of future cardiac events (chi 2 = 38.1) followed by the number of segments demonstrating redistribution on delayed thallium-201 images (chi 2 = 16.3), except in the case of nonfatal myocardial infarction, for which redistribution was the most important predictor of future events. When coronary artery disease was defined as 70% or greater luminal diameter narrowing, the number of diseased vessels significantly (p less than .01) lost its power to predict events (chi 2 = 14.5). Other variables found to independently predict future events included change in heart rate from rest to exercise (chi 2 = 13.0), ST segment depression on exercise (chi 2 = 13.0), occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias on exercise (chi 2 = 5.9), and beta-blocker therapy (chi 2 = 4.3). The exclusion of myocardial revascularization procedures as an event did not change the results significantly. Although the number of diseased vessels was the single most important determinant of future events, the exercise thallium-201 stress test when considered as a whole (which included the number of segments demonstrating redistribution on delayed thallium-201 images, change in heart rate from rest to exercise, ST segment depression on the electrocardiogram, and ventricular premature beats on exercise) was equally powerful (chi 2 = 41.6). Combination of both catheterization and exercise thallium-201 data was superior to either alone (chi 2 = 57.5) for determining future events. Exercise stress test alone (without thallium-201 data) was inferior to the exercise thallium-201 stress test or cardiac catheterization for predicting future events (chi 2 = 30.6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3258194 TI - Black-white differences in aortic fatty streaks in adolescence and early adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - Although white adults have more extensive aortic surface involvement with fibrous plaques than do blacks, adolescent blacks have more aortic fatty streaks (FS) than do whites of similar ages. Possible determinants of these racial differences in aortic surface involvement with FS were therefore examined in 44 decedents who had previously been examined as part of the Bogalusa Heart Study. Ages at death ranged from 6 to 27 years (mean, 18 years); the median interval between the last risk factor examination and death was 3.5 years. More extensive aortic surface involvement with FS was observed in blacks (n = 11) as compared with whites (n = 33; 37% vs 16%, p = .0003). This racial difference was independent of age at death, and was seen in both male and female subjects. Black-white differences in several of the previously measured risk factors (serum lipids and lipoproteins, blood pressure, and obesity) were also observed, and in both races, aortic FS were related to several of these characteristics. (For example, the correlation between levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and aortic FS was 0.49 in whites and 0.73 in blacks.) However, even after controlling for antemortem levels of risk factors, blacks had an additional 16% surface involvement with aortic FS as compared with whites (p less than .001). These findings suggest that the more extensive surface involvement of the aorta with FS in young blacks is not due to differences in clinical risk factors. Because more extensive raised lesions are found in white adults, the transition of FS to advanced atherosclerotic lesions may differ in whites and blacks. PMID- 3258195 TI - Immediate enhancement of left ventricular relaxation by coronary artery bypass grafting: intraoperative assessment. AB - We investigated the effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on the rate of left ventricular relaxation as defined by the time constant for isovolumetric relaxation, T, measured in milliseconds. Completeness of relaxation at rapid heart rates was determined by comparison of the relationship between left ventricular pressure and echocardiographic left ventricular cross-sectional cavity area during rapid ventricular pacing with that obtained after a prolonged diastole when the ventricle was maximally relaxed. Twelve patients with coronary artery disease had significantly higher T values (94.5 +/- 6.2) than six patients without coronary artery disease who were undergoing other open heart procedures (39.5 +/- 5.0, p less than .001). T was significantly reduced after coronary artery bypass grafting (68.2 +/- 5.1, p = .007), but was unchanged in the six control patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (37.8 +/- 4.5, p = .54). Similar changes were found during rapid pacing to 100, 120, and 140/min. Incomplete relaxation was detected in three of 10 (heart rate 120 beats/min) and nine of 11 (heart rate 140 beats/min) patients with coronary artery disease and this decreased to 0 of 10 (heart rate 120 beats/min) and six of 11 (heart rate 140 beats/min) patients after coronary artery bypass. Incomplete relaxation before bypass at a heart rate of 120 beats/min averaged 0.9 +/- 0.3 mm Hg. At a heart rate of 140 beats/min, incomplete relaxation averaged 5.6 +/- 1.6 mm Hg before and 1.4 +/- 0.5 mm Hg after bypass. Intake of beta-blockers or calcium-channel blockers, body temperature, and systolic blood pressure were not found to be related to these changes. We conclude that immediately after coronary artery bypass relaxation of left ventricular muscle is enhanced and incomplete relaxation at rapid heart rates is less likely. The most probable cause of this improvement in ventricular relaxation after coronary artery bypass grafting is relief of ischemia. PMID- 3258196 TI - ELISA method for measurement of airborne levels of major laboratory animal allergens. AB - Three types of air-sampling apparatus (the Air-Sentinel, Burkard Personal Sampler and Casella Personal Sampler) were compared for their use in sampling the air in situations where individuals are exposed to laboratory animals, and a cascade impactor was used to determine the sizes of particles carrying the allergens under investigation. An ELISA, using monospecific antisera raised to selected major allergens of the mouse, rat and rabbit, i.e. mouse Ag 1 (mouse urinary prealbumin), rat Ag 4 (rat urinary prealbumin) and rabbit Ag R1, was developed to assay the extracts obtained from the samplers. This ELISA system was able to detect greater than 5 ng/m3 of allergen in sampled air. The rat and mouse allergens were shown to be carried mainly on particles of 6-18 micron, whereas the rabbit allergen was also found on particles of 2 micron and smaller. Allergen levels correlated well with the number of animals present in the room and the degree of activity during sampling. A protective filtered-air hood, when worn during surgical operation procedures, was shown to reduce effectively the level of rat allergen breathed by an individual. PMID- 3258197 TI - A new enzymatic assay of chloride in serum. AB - This new method for enzymatic assay of serum chloride is based on determination of chloride-dependent alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) activity. We evaluated the ion specificity and practicability of the method for routine use with the Hitachi 705. The analytical range of the method extends from 40 to 160 mmol of chloride ion per liter of serum. The reaction rate for samples containing 100 mmol of chloride per liter was 0.17 A/min. CVs within-run and between-run were less than 1.0%. Correlation with results of a coulometric titration method was good. The specificity for bromide is 75% of that for chloride; for the other anions, it is 0%. This enzymatic method is generally applicable to wide variety of automated chemistry analyzers. PMID- 3258198 TI - New sensitive method for determining cysteine proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 3258199 TI - Antibody-mediated proliferation of proximal tubule cells. AB - We have proposed that the deposition in vivo of anti-brush border antibodies on proximal tubule cells in Heymann nephritis stimulates those cells to divide. To evaluate that hypothesis, we have investigated the temporal relationship between antibody deposition and kidney cell proliferation, using autoradiography to detect dividing cells in rats with Heymann nephritis and in age-matched controls treated with Freund's adjuvant alone. To assess the possible stimulation of proximal tubule cell proliferation by factors associated with proteinuria and/or nephrotic syndrome, kidney cell proliferation was measured in rats with chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis. Proteinuric rats with chronic serum sickness also served as recipients of anti-brush border antibodies in passive transfer experiments. Cell division rates were not altered by adjuvant treatment or ageing. In both active Heymann nephritis and passive transfer experiments, a highly elevated stimulation of 3H-thymidine incorporation, reflecting mitotic activity, was detected in the proximal tubule epithelium immediately following the deposition of antibodies on the brush border. Significant enhancement of cell division was not noted in other nephron segments. A much smaller increase in proximal tubule cell proliferation accompanied proteinuria in chronic serum sickness. A similar small elevation compared to controls was also detected in late stages of Heymann nephritis when the proximal tubules were free of immunoglobulin deposits. It appears that the reaction of divalent antibodies with plasma membrane antigens can produce proliferative pathology of the proximal tubule epithelium. Furthermore, a significant, if less dramatic, enhancement of cell proliferation may be secondary to proteinuria and/or other manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3258200 TI - Depressed natural killer cell function in thermally injured adults: successful in vivo and in vitro immunomodulation and the role of endotoxin. AB - Natural killer (NK) cells mediate host defense against infections and are regulated by interleukin 2 (IL-2) and other factors. We studied NK cell function in burn patients using a 51Cr release assay with K562 target cells. We found that peripheral blood lymphocytes from burn patients had depressed NK activity (target cell lysis = 22.0 +/- 3.1% vs 39.8 +/- 3.2% in healthy volunteers, P less than 0.001) and also a lower response to IL-2 (28.9 +/- 3.8% vs 53.2 +/- 4.3%, P less than 0.001). Thirteen burn patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard therapy or 5 days of intravenous polymyxin B in addition to standard therapy. After 2 weeks, the patients not receiving polymyxin B had a significant decline in peripheral blood NK activity (P less than 0.01) and response to IL-2 (P less than 0.05), while no decline in NK cell activity was seen in patients who received polymyxin B. Sera from burn patients was found to suppress the NK activity of lymphocytes from healthy adults by 5-75%. After using affinity chromatography to remove endotoxin, the sera from burn patients no longer suppressed NK cell activity. Circulating endotoxin appears to be involved in the suppression of NK activity in burn patients. PMID- 3258201 TI - Natural killer cells in Behcet's disease. AB - We studied natural killer (NK) cell activity and numbers in the peripheral blood obtained from patients with Behcet's disease (BD) in inactive and convalescent stage, and from healthy controls. Ratios of helper/suppressor cells (OKT4/OKT8) were below 1.0 in patients with active stage and were normal in the convalescent stage of BD. A relative increase of OKT8+ cells and at the same time of Leu 7+ cells was obtained in the active and convalescent BD stages. Double marker analysis revealed that the sub-population of cells expressing both the T8+ and the Leu 7+ antigen (T8+/Leu 7+) was increased in patients with active stage, and normal in the convalescent stage. The frequency of cells reactive with Leu 11 monoclonal antibody (active NK cells) was evaluated in patients with BD. Data from peripheral blood showed an increased sub-population of T8+/Leu 7+ double marker cells, and a decreased Leu 11+ cell sub-population in patients with active BD, but the majority of Leu 7+ cells in patients with convalescent stage lacked OKT8 antigen when investigated in a double marker system. A parallel increase of Leu 11+ cells was observed in the convalescent stage. This phenotypic analysis was carried out with the NK in vitro functional evaluation of cell populations from peripheral blood. NK cell activity in the clinically active stage of BD was significantly lower than that of healthy controls and patients in the convalescent stage. The decrease of peripheral blood NK function in patients with active BD may be related to the presence of immature forms of NK cells and/or to the increased percentage of T8+/Leu 7+ cells. PMID- 3258202 TI - Inhibition of in vitro NZB antibody responses by cyclosporine. AB - To characterize functional abnormalities of B cells in murine autoimmunity, the effect of cyclosporine (CsA) on antibody responses of NZB and control BALB/c spleen cells was investigated in vitro. Under conditions of high cell density, both NZB and BALB/c spleen cells spontaneously produced IgM and IgM anti-DNA, although NZB responses were greater in magnitude and demonstrated at lower cell densities. In cultures at 5 x 10(6) cells/ml, CsA preferentially inhibited anti DNA production by cells of both strains. However, to achieve similar levels of inhibition of both responses, significantly higher concentrations of CsA were required for cultures of NZB compared to BALB/c cells. These results support previous experiments indicating enhanced sensitivity to CsA as a pharmacological marker of autoantibody producing B cells. They further suggest that B cell activation in certain forms of autoimmunity may be associated with decreased sensitivity to immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 3258203 TI - Quantification of Leishmania-specific T cells in human American cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis) by limiting dilution analysis. AB - Limiting dilution analysis was used to estimate the frequency of Leishmania specific T cells from the peripheral blood of 18 human cases of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). Sixteen patients had localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) and two were recovered LCL patients. In 10 patients with active disease and in two with healed lesions the Leishmania-specific T cell frequencies ranged from 1/10(5) to 1/10(3). In six patients no proliferation was detected after 21 days of cell culture. This finding points to very low precursor frequencies in the peripheral blood of these patients. A significant correlation was found between the two groups with low or high Leishmania-specific T cell frequencies and the lymphoproliferative responses to leishmanial antigens. The majority of the blast-like Leishmania-specific T cells showed a helper/inducer (CD4) phenotype. PMID- 3258204 TI - B cell repertoire for anti-DNA antibody in normal and lupus mice: differential expression of precursor cells for high and low affinity anti-DNA antibodies. AB - The precursor frequency for anti-DNA antibody producing cells and the affinity of antibodies secreted by these cells in both immature prereceptor B cell populations and mature B cell populations were compared between 8-week-old C57BL/6 female mice and 9-month-old B/WF1 female mice by producing a large collection of IgM secreting hybridomas from LPS-stimulated B cells. The data indicate that precursor cells for high affinity anti-DNA antibody are eliminated as they mature in C57BL/6 mice, while a sizable number of such clones are present in mature splenic B cells of aged B/WF1 mice. These results suggest that the emergence of precursors for high affinity anti-DNA producing cells in mature B cell population is an important factor in the pathogenesis of SLE. PMID- 3258205 TI - Anti-idiotypic induced suppression of Sjogren's syndrome associated anti-La autoantibody secretion in vitro. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Sjogren's Syndrome spontaneously secrete autoantibodies to the La antigen when cultured in vitro. This paper reports that specific IgG autoantibody production in vitro is suppressed by pre-treatment of CD8+ enriched T cells with rabbit polyclonal antibodies to idiotypes borne by circulating autologous anti-La antibodies. Treatment of this T cell subpopulation with anti-idiotypes specific for circulating anti-La antibodies from other patients or for anti-DNA antibodies was without effect on anti-La antibody production. Similarly anti-La anti-idiotypes had no effect on the production of autoantibodies to other ribonucleoprotein antigens such as nRNP/Sm. These data show that CD8+ T cells are the main targets for anti-idiotypic control in vitro. We suggest that the relative deficit of these cells, plus a surfeit of CD4+ T cells at the site of the pathological lesion within the salivary gland permits localized production of autoantibodies. Thus, dysregulation of the idiotypic network could contribute to the pathogenesis of Sjogren's Syndrome. PMID- 3258206 TI - Heterogeneity of anti-idiotypic antibodies to anti-DNA antibodies in humans. AB - Serum antibodies in some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were found to have specificity to idiotypes (Id) of 0-81 (human monoclonal anti-single stranded DNA (ssDNA) antibody) but not to Id of NE-1 (human monoclonal anti double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody) or pooled human IgM. The interaction of the antibodies and 0-81 was blocked by the co-existence of free ssDNA. Some of SLE sera also showed preferential binding to Id determinants of NE-1, which included the antigen-binding sites of the dsDNA antibody. Some other SLE sera reacted with both Id of 0-81 and NE-13. Thus, there was heterogeneous population among human anti-Id autoantibodies to anti-DNA antibodies. The anti-Id activity was commonly detected in inactive SLE sera, and less frequently in normal controls, suggesting some regulatory role for anti-Id antibodies in the production of autoantibodies. PMID- 3258208 TI - Reduction of coronary artery bypass graft occlusion by dipyridamol--is immunosuppression important? PMID- 3258207 TI - The stimulation of IgM rheumatoid factor from human B lymphocytes by rheumatoid arthritis complement-activating immune complexes. AB - Immune complexes from rheumatoid arthritis (RA IC) and Hodgkin's disease (HD IC) sera were separated on an anti-C3g affinity column and their ability to stimulate the production of IgM and IgM RF by normal and RA B lymphocytes tested in a culture system in vitro. RA IC stimulated IgM production of which up to 91.3% had IgM RF activity. HD IC were incapable of stimulating the production of IgM and IgM RF. The stimulation of IgM and IgM RF production by RA IC required de novo protein synthesis. Both RA IC and HD IC were capable of significantly inhibiting (from 47.6 to 72.0%) pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced and goat F(ab)2 antihuman mu induced B lymphocyte proliferation. Thus it is proposed that IC present in human pathological sera may regulate immunoglobulin production by an effect on B lymphocyte proliferation while some may, in addition, be capable of inducing IgM RF production from such cells. PMID- 3258209 TI - Immunogenetic analysis of cellular interactions governing the recruitment of T lymphocytes and monocytes in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced immunopathology. AB - The Lyt2+ class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted virus-immune T cells that induce murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) are targeted onto radiation-resistant cells in the central nervous system of virus-infected mice. The use of appropriate bone marrow radiation chimeras as LCM virus-infected, (immunosuppressed recipients for immune T-cell transfer has established that, though bone marrow-derived cells can stimulate virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in spleen, they do not reconstitute the barrier to T-cell recruitment from blood to cerebrospinal fluid. This is true for chimeras made up to 8 months previously, even though the inflammatory monocytes and macrophages in such chimeras are all of donor bone marrow origin. Radiation-resistant cells in the spleens of these chimeras are also still able to further stimulate virus immune CTL. There is no requirement for H-2 compatibility between virus-immune T lymphocytes and secondarily recruited monocytes, or T cells of an inappropriate specificity. The key event in LCM immunopathology may thus be localization of T cells to the antigen-presenting endothelium in brain, leading to the secretion of mediators that promote the nonspecific recruitment of monocytes and other T cells. PMID- 3258210 TI - Activation of thymocyte responses to interleukin-1 by zinc. AB - In vitro proliferative responses of murine thymocytes to interleukin-1 are enhanced by supplementing the cultures with the trace nutrient zinc. Zine not only enhances the responses of cells suboptimally activated by PHA but can also prime the cells to respond to IL-1 in the absence of activation by PHA. Zinc affects the early stages of the proliferative response. The data suggest that zinc may enhance the cellular uptake of IL-1 or may facilitate enzymatic steps subsequent to IL-1 binding. PMID- 3258211 TI - Effects of cyclosporin on T-cell subsets in human immunodeficiency virus disease. AB - Cyclosporin (7.5 mg/kg daily) was given to 8 AIDS patients for 17-66 days and to 25 HIV-seropositive non-AIDS patients, 15 with stage II (T4 cells/microliter greater than or equal to 300, less than 600) and 10 with stage III (T4/microliter less than 300), for 3-6 months with the hypothesis that the drug could inhibit both HIV replication and the potential autoimmune component of HIV disease. A sustained increase over 600 T4/microliter occurred in 7 patients with stage II and 1 with stage III. T8 cells significantly decreased in most patients and lymphadenopathy disappeared in 14/16. After cyclosporin withdrawal T4 and T8 cells as well as lymphadenopathy returned to pretreatment status. Cyclosporin side effects (hypertension, creatinine increase, and anemia) were moderate and reversible. These results might stimulate biological research as well as clinical trials with cyclosporin in selected groups of HIV-seropositive subjects with the aim of delaying or preventing AIDS occurrence. PMID- 3258212 TI - Mechanisms of human CD5 modulation and capping induced by murine monoclonal antibody T101. AB - We have previously demonstrated that the murine monoclonal antibody T101 induces antigenic modulation when infused into patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In this paper, we extend our studies of T101 induced modulation and compare it to T101-induced capping. We found that, in contrast to antigenic modulation, capping occurred only in the presence of secondary anti-mouse IgG antisera and was altered by drugs that affect the cellular cytoskeleton or energy metabolism. F(ab')2 fragments of T101 induced antigenic modulation with kinetics similar to those of intact T101, but Fab induced modulation proceeded more slowly and required the continual presence of Fab throughout the incubation. Experiments with radioiodinated T101 demonstrated that initial internalization of the antibody is followed by rapid efflux of intact, immunoreactive T101 from the cells. These data indicate important differences between capping and modulation and suggest that these two phenomena proceed by different mechanisms. More importantly, the data have implications for the potential therapeutic use of monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates. PMID- 3258213 TI - Graves' disease: phenotypic and functional analysis at the clonal level of the T cell repertoire in peripheral blood and in thyroid. AB - We have investigated at the clonal level the repertoire of intrathyroid and peripheral T lymphocytes in three patients with Graves' disease using a high efficiency cloning technique. Clonal efficiencies ranged from 10 to 31% for intrathyroid, and from 19 to 100% for peripheral T cells. In Graves' disease the phenotypic analysis showed similar percentages of CD3+ CD4+ CD8- and CD3+ CD4- CD8+ clones in thyroid infiltrates and peripheral blood. The functional evaluation showed similar or lower proportions of cytolytic clones in thyroid infiltrates with respect to peripheral blood. Furthermore, the proportions of intrathyroid and peripheral T-cell clones capable of releasing interleukin-2 and/or gamma-interferon in response to mitogen stimulation were similar. Finally, 44% of intrathyroid clones were neither cytolytic nor able to release IL-2 and gamma-interferon. These results are strikingly different from those obtained in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the large majority of intrathyroid T-cell clones are cytolytic and the proportions of clones able to release gamma-IFN are remarkably increased in thyroid infiltrates when compared to those obtained from peripheral blood. Taken together, these data suggest a different role for T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the two major human autoimmune thyroid diseases. PMID- 3258214 TI - Electrical stimulation in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Sixty-two fully compliant patients (with 94 curves) met protocol criteria of 20 degree-39 degree curves, Risser iliac crest signs of 0, 1, or 2, and no prior treatment. Both clinical and roentgenographic examinations were performed before, during, and after treatment. The follow-up periods averaged 2.3 years, with a 3.2 year average follow-up period for patients who completed, rather than failed, Electro Spinal Orthosis (ESO) treatment. Seventy-one percent of the 20 degree-29 degree curves and 66% of the 30 degree-39 degree curves had progressed 5 degrees or more at follow-up evaluation. Fifty percent of the patients had a follow-up curve of at least 40 degrees or were treated by posterior spinal fusion and were considered treatment failures. The curve progression paralleled that found in natural history studies, and the rate of failure exceeded that found in orthotic treatment studies. PMID- 3258215 TI - Technetium-99m labeled RBC imaging in gastrointestinal bleeding from gastric leiomyoma. AB - Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging is becoming increasingly useful in detecting gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding sites. A patient is presented who had massive GI bleeding from an unsuspected gastric leiomyoma in whom a Tc-99m sulfur colloid GI bleed image was negative. The Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging done on the day after sulfur colloid imaging revealed increased gastric activity due to active bleeding from an intragastric leiomyoma. Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging helped in early detection of the bleeding site resulting in its successful treatment. This experience also reinforces the assertion that Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging may be more helpful than Tc-99m sulfur colloid imaging in patients with upper GI or intermittent bleeding. PMID- 3258216 TI - Infected cyst localization with gallium SPECT imaging in polycystic kidney disease. AB - This case report describes a 43-year-old woman with polycystic renal disease and cyst infection. Infected cysts of the left kidney were successfully localized with Ga-67 citrate SPECT imaging and CT. Other imaging, including planar gallium imaging, was helpful diagnostically, but could not determine the exact location of infection within the kidney. PMID- 3258217 TI - Retrograde flow pattern on a gastrointestinal bleeding scan. PMID- 3258218 TI - Horeshoe kidney simulating acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage on technetium-99m labeled red blood cell imaging. PMID- 3258219 TI - Flow study and SPECT imaging for the diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone. AB - A case of giant cell tumor of bone is reported in which the blood flow study along with SPECT imaging improved the visualization and diagnosis of the abnormality. PMID- 3258220 TI - Corneal complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Prevention and treatment. AB - Corneal complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus include pseudodendritic keratitis, late mucous adherent keratopathy, varied forms of stromal keratitis, and exposure/neurotrophic keratopathy. Prophylactic therapy of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus with oral acyclovir is of proven benefit in reducing the incidence of early pseudodendritic keratopathy and stromal keratitis but has no evident effect on exposure/neurotrophic keratopathy. Although early pseudodendritic keratitis is due to virus infection of epithelial cells, it is self-limited and does not require topical antiviral therapy. Stromal keratitis and associated epithelial mucous adherent keratopathy are responsive to topical corticosteroids but chronic therapy is often required and may prolong the duration of keratitis and result in cataract or secondary glaucoma. Exposure and neurotrophic keratopathy may respond to topical lubricants and correction of lid abnormalities but severely affected corneas may require tarsorrhaphy or conjunctival flap to maintain corneal integrity. PMID- 3258221 TI - Effects of hemorrhagic serum on interleukin-2 generation and utilization. AB - Exposure of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to serum obtained from hemorrhaged animals produces marked depression of mitogen-induced cellular proliferation. In order to examine the mechanism which underlies its suppressive action, the effects of hemorrhagic serum on the production and utilization of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by PBMCs in mitogen-stimulated cultures were investigated. The production of IL-2 by PBMCs obtained from normal animals was reduced by approximately 90% after these cells were washed with hemorrhagic serum for 60 sec at 0 degrees C. Cells cultured in hemorrhagic serum showed greater than 30% reduction in proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin, and no significant change in the degree of suppression was produced by adding recombinant IL-2 to the cell cultures. PBMCs cultured with recombinant IL-2 and hemorrhagic serum, but not mitogen, proliferated significantly less than did cells cultured with IL 2 and normal serum. These findings suggest that although hemorrhagic serum produces a marked decrease in IL-2 generation, the suppressive effects of hemorrhagic serum on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation are not due to this decrease in IL-2 production. PMID- 3258222 TI - Influence of acute normovolemic hemodilution on extravascular lung water in cardiac surgery. AB - Preoperative hemodilution (HD) is an established blood-saving method. With HD, however, a concomitant increase in extracellular and interstitial water has been reported. This randomized study was undertaken to compare the effects of acute normovolemic HD (10 ml/kg; n = 15) using hydroxyethyl starch solution (HES) on extravascular lung water (EVLW) with those of an untreated control group (n = 15) of cardiac surgery patients submitted to extracorporeal circulation (ECC). A thermal-dye technique was used to measure EVLW. There was no significant change in EVLW due to preoperative HD (5.55 +/- 0.51 vs. 5.71 +/- 0.59 ml/kg). After ECC, a transient increase in both groups could be demonstrated because of a possible change in pulmonary capillary permeability (maximal increase in the HD group: +1.30 ml/kg and in the nonHD group: +1.02 ml/kg). Five hours after ECC, no differences could be seen between the groups. Pulmonary gas exchange was not significantly affected (PaO2 in the HD group: -20 torr). Hemodynamic and laboratory variables indicated the typical changes during HD (cardiac index increases while albumin concentration decreases); circulatory stability was maintained during the entire study. We conclude that preoperative normovolemic HD did not increase lung water content significantly nor compromise pulmonary function even in cardiac surgery patients. Although ECC provides an additional HD (crystalloid priming of the heart-lung bypass machine) and possibly damage of capillary integrity, the two groups did not differ. PMID- 3258223 TI - Hemorrhagic shock and interleukin-2 production. PMID- 3258224 TI - Computed tomography of gangrenous acute postoperative acalculous cholecystitis. AB - The computed tomographic findings in a case of complicated acute cholecystitis after surgery unrelated to the biliary tree are described. Postoperative cholecystitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and early diagnosis by appropriate imaging modalities and prompt surgical intervention is essential in the successful management of this complication. PMID- 3258225 TI - Computed tomography in histiocytosis X of the temporal bone. AB - Involvement of the temporal bone in histiocytosis X is seen in about one-third of the cases at onset, is bilateral in 31% of cases, and is often clinically silent. We report two cases of histiocytosis X with temporal bone involvement and emphasize the usefulness of computed tomography in detecting such a lesion, noting its extraskeletal extension, and following the course of the disease. PMID- 3258226 TI - Risk factors in a general population for snoring. Importance of cigarette smoking and obesity. AB - In order to study risk factors associated with snoring in a general adult population, 2,187 subjects in the Tucson Epidemiologic Study of Obstructive Airways Disease were surveyed to determine the prevalence of snoring. Major independent risk factors for snoring were male gender, age between 40 and 64 years, obesity, and current cigarette smoking. Furthermore, greater intensity of cigarette smoking also was associated with higher snoring prevalence rates. Snoring prevalence remained elevated in subjects who recently quit smoking, but declined in ex-smokers to the level of never smokers within four years of smoking cessation. The presence of cough or sputum production was associated with an increase in snoring prevalence especially in ex-smokers. Snoring prevalence was slightly increased in subjects who regularly used alcohol or medications as aids to sleep. We conclude that cigarette smoking, obesity, male gender, age over 40, and use of alcohol or sleep medications are important risk factors for snoring. We propose that the effect of smoking may be related to the production of upper airway inflammation and edema by cigarette smoke, and that smoking cessation may eventually reduce snoring risk. PMID- 3258227 TI - Phrenic nerve function and its relationship to atelectasis after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Atelectasis following coronary artery bypass surgery (CAB) occurs in the majority of patients. To determine the importance of operative variables in the development of postoperative atelectasis and the incidence of phrenic nerve injury caused by topical cold cardioplegic solution, we studied 57 patients (53 male, four female) undergoing CAB. Their mean age, +/- SD, was 58 +/- 13 years. Transcutaneous stimulation was used to evaluate phrenic nerve function preoperatively and postoperatively in 52 patients. An unequivocal paresis of the phrenic nerve was documented in five patients. In an additional 27 patients, the amplitude of the compound diaphragm action potential was reduced postoperatively. However, methodologic limitations did not allow the conclusion that this was secondary to a phrenic axonal degeneration. Discriminant analysis of intraoperative variables showed more severe atelectasis with a larger number of grafts, with a longer operative and bypass time, when the pleural space was entered, when a right atrial drain and a cardiac insulating pad were not used, and with a lower body temperature. It is concluded that phrenic paresis may occur after CAB and topical cold cardioplegia, but that other factors must explain the atelectasis found in the majority of patients. PMID- 3258228 TI - Asthma and allergy to house-dust mites in populations living in high altitudes. AB - Do subjects living in high altitude where house-dust mites are known to be uncommon exhibit a lower prevalence of asthma and allergy to house-dust mites? To answer this question, we compared the prevalence rates of asthma and skin reactions to house-dust mites in two towns with contrasted environments: Marseille, located on the seashore, and Briancon, 1350 m in altitude. The study population consisted of a random sample of 4,008 people in Marseille and 1,055 people in Briancon. All subjects received a home questionnaire, and a sample of patients and asymptomatic subjects had a skin-prick test evaluation. The cumulative prevalence of asthma was equal to 4.1 percent in Marseille and 2.4 percent in Briancon, a difference which was significant (p = 0.01). The prevalence of positive skin tests to housedust mites in asymptomatic subjects was equal to 27.5 percent in Marseille and 10.2 percent in Briancon (p less than 0.001). This study supports the hypothesis that exposure to environmental factors may have a major influence on developing allergic diseases. PMID- 3258229 TI - The flaccid lung syndrome and alpha 1-protease inhibitor deficiency. AB - We examined breathing mechanics and alpha 1PI deficiency in 1,850 unrelated male subjects with various lung complaints. The loss in lung elasticity appeared to be significantly more pronounced in ZZ individuals as compared to MM, MS and also MZ individuals. The MZ group did not differ significantly in this respect from MM individuals. This implies that the excess risk of developing a flaccid lung (C greater than 1 kPa-1) due to the partial alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency is negligible. PI MZ and PI ZZ frequencies are significantly higher in the population with flaccid lung compared to control subjects. Furthermore, it was found that the increase in residual volume in smokers is independent of the PI type. PMID- 3258230 TI - Amdinocillin: interaction with other beta-lactam antibiotics for gram-negative bacteria. AB - Amdinocillin was studied alone and in combination with three other beta-lactam antibiotics (aztreonam, cefoperazone, and ceftriaxone) for activity against gram negative bacilli. These antibiotic combinations failed to show synergy by the checker-board double-dilution test or by killing kinetic studies. However, amdinocillin did show additive killing action when combined with the other beta lactam antibiotics studied. Amdinocillin failed to induce or inhibit beta lactamase production in species of Enterobacteriaceae, but with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, beta-lactamase production was induced. It is concluded that the activity of amdinocillin alone or in combination with another beta-lactam antibiotic should not be more effective in the treatment of infections by gram negative bacilli than just using the beta-lactam antibiotic alone at a higher dose. PMID- 3258231 TI - In vitro activity of BMY-28100, a new oral cephalosporin. AB - BMY-28100 is a new orally absorbed cephalosporin whose in vitro activity was compared with that of cefaclor. BMY-28100 was more active against Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae than was cefaclor. In addition, there was only a small rise in MIC50 and MIC90 values for BMY-28100 when the inoculum size was increased 100- or 10,000-fold. In contrast, MIC50 and MIC90 values increased significantly for cefaclor with similar increases in inoculum size. These data suggest that BMY-28100 may be a promising agent to test for oral administration in infections caused by S. aureus and H. influenzae. PMID- 3258232 TI - In vitro activity of cefixime (CL284635) and other antimicrobial agents against Haemophilus isolates from pediatric patients. AB - In vitro activity of cefixime, an experimental oral third-generation cephalosporin and 7 other antimicrobials (ampicillin, augmentin, trimethoprim/sulfamethaxazole, cefamandole, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, and cefaclor) were determined for 150 isolates of Haemophilus obtained from pediatric patients. All (109) non-typeable H. influenzae isolates were sensitive to cefixime and cefotaxime. All (18) isolates of H. parainfluenzae were sensitive to cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefamandole, cefaclor, and augmentin; 17/18 isolates were sensitive to cefixime. All (23) isolates of H. influenzae-b were sensitive to cefixime, cefotaxime, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefaclor, and augmentin. Only 10/23 were sensitive to tri/sulfa. 137 of 150 (91.3%) isolates had MBCs equivalent to their MICs for cefixime, compared to 149/150 (99.3%) isolates for cefotaxime. Approximately 95% (143/150) of isolates tested had MICs of less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml for cefixime. These data demonstrate that in vitro cefixime has good activity against Haemophilus isolates and it is very similar to the activity of cefotaxime. PMID- 3258233 TI - Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Tokyo. AB - All children 3 years of age on January 1, 1975 in the Fuchu area of Tokyo were neurologically examined for 6 years (number examined: 17,044). The cumulative incidence of epilepsy (i.e., recurrent nonfebrile seizures) was 4.3/1,000 and that of occurrence of a single nonfebrile seizure (NS) was 4.7/1,000. Febrile convulsions (FCs) were observed in 82/1,000 in this population. The population was followed for 6-11 years after the first examination. During the follow-up (a) 4 of 80 children who had a single NS before age 3 years developed recurrence after age 3 years; (b) development of epilepsy was found in three of 1,323 randomly (10%) selected healthy children for comparison (2.3/1,000); (c) among 1,406 children with FCs, epilepsy developed in 24 (17/1,000) and a single NS occurred in 28 (20/1,000); and (d) the total cumulative incidence of epilepsy was 8.2/1,000 in the population aged 9-14 years. Age-specific annual incidence of epilepsy was highest in the age range 0-1 year (1.9/1,000), gradually falling with advancing age. The point prevalence for active epilepsy (having had a seizure within the past 5 years) was 2.8/1,000; that for inactive epilepsy was 5.4/1,000 (total 8.2/1,000). Epilepsy developed by age 14 years in (a) one-half of children with NS, (b) approximately 2% children with FCs, (c) 0.2% of healthy children with no seizure before age 3 years, and (d) an estimated 2% of potential epileptic carriers (having spike EEG abnormality by age 3; 15% of the population) who had not had a seizure by age 3 years. PMID- 3258234 TI - Prevalence of epilepsy in the Parsi community of Bombay. AB - A door-to-door survey was carried out to screen a community of 14,010 people (Parsis living in colonies in Bombay, India) for possible neurologic diseases. High school graduates, social workers, and medical students administered a screening questionnaire that in a pilot survey had a sensitivity of 100% for identifying persons with epilepsy. Neurologists used defined diagnostic criteria to evaluate individuals positive on the screening survey. Sixty-six persons (43 males, 23 females) suffered from epilepsy (4.7 cases/1,000). Of those, 50 (34 males, 16 females) had active epilepsy (3.6 cases/1,000). The age-specific prevalence ratios remained fairly constant for each age group except for a small peak in the group aged 20-39 years for all epilepsy cases combined. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios were higher for males. The most common seizure type was partial (36 cases). The most frequently associated conditions were cerebral palsy and mental retardation. The majority of individuals were receiving medication as of prevalence day (47 cases). PMID- 3258235 TI - Prevalence and pattern of epilepsy (Lath/Mirgi/Laran) in rural Kashmir, India. AB - The rural population of 63,645 living in the mountainous Kuthar Valley of South Kashmir, Northwest India was surveyed to determine the prevalence of major neurologic disorders, including epilepsy (called Lath/Mirgi/Laran in the local language). The survey was done according to a World Health Organization protocol (1981). House-to-house screening was done by Anganwadi workers to identify people with possible epilepsy. The screening questionnaire was translated into local vernacular. Persons who had some indication of a history of seizures or other neurologic disease were subsequently examined by a neurologic team. The diagnostic criteria of Hauser and Kurland (1975) were used to define cases of active epilepsy and seizure classification (ILAE, 1981) was done only with clinical data. One hundred fifty-seven cases of active epilepsy were detected, giving a crude prevalence rate of 2.47/1,000 general population. In those aged less than 14 years, prevalence was 3.18/1,000. Ninety-five (60.5%) of all cases were male; 91% of active epilepsy cases had onset of seizures before age 30 years. Mean age of onset in males was 5.3 years, and in females it was 7.1 years. Mean duration of seizures was 6 years; 78.9% cases had generalized seizures, 74.5% cases were receiving no specific treatment, 99.4% cases were born of home delivery, and 8.9% cases had a positive family history of seizures. Mental retardation was the most common associated abnormality in 22.9% of cases. PMID- 3258237 TI - A maximum of two tryptophan residues in gene-32 protein from phage T4 undergo stacking interactions with single-stranded polynucleotides. AB - The effect of specific photochemical and radiochemical modification of tryptophyl and cysteinyl residues of the gene 32 protein (gp 32) of bacteriophage T4 on its affinity towards single-stranded polynucleotides has been investigated. Oxidation of Cys residues of gp 32 by the free-radical anion I-.2 induces a partial loss of the protein affinity, probably by affecting the metal-binding domain which includes three of the four cysteine residues of gp 32. Ultraviolet irradiation of gp 32 in the presence of trichloroethanol results in the modification of three of its five Trp residues and total loss of the protein binding. Analysis of the relative affinity of ultraviolet-irradiated gp 32 for single-stranded polynucleotides suggest that modification of a Trp of enhanced reactivity occurs first and has no effect on the protein binding. Radiochemical modification of three Trp residues of gp 32 by (SCN)-.2 results in total loss of activity. Complexation of gp 32 with denatured DNA prior to gamma-irradiation protects two Trp residues and prevents the protein inactivation. These results suggest that at most two Trp residues are involved in stacking interactions with nucleic acid bases. However, time-resolved spectroscopic methods which allow us to monitor selectively the stacked tryptophan residues have not yielded evidence of more than a single residue undergoing such interactions. PMID- 3258236 TI - Interobserver variability in the ILAE classification of seizures in childhood. AB - Observer variability in interpreting medical tests and in making diagnoses influences both clinical practice and research. Uniform classification of epileptic seizures is especially difficult. Although the ILAE classification scheme for seizures has been available for many years, the reliability of this system has not been previously assessed. Verbatim descriptions of seizure manifestations were transcribed from medical records as part of a large, population-based prevalence study of childhood epilepsy conducted in two countries in central Oklahoma. One senior neurologist and three neurology residents reviewed these descriptions independently and classified them by seizure type based on the ILAE system. Unweighted and weighted kappa statistics were used to assess the level of agreement between the study neurologist and each resident. The overall agreement between observer pairs in classifying seizure types based on all available descriptions was relatively poor (kappa = 0.24 0.38). Some improvement was evident when unclassified seizures were excluded, and comparisons were restricted to those based on descriptions with some degree of detail (kappa = 0.34-0.51). When specific types of seizures were classified, agreement was fair to excellent for most types (kappa = 0.45-0.90), with the exceptions of atypical absence (kappa = 0.11-0.28), partial seizures with secondary generalization (kappa = 0.26-0.40), and generalized motor seizures (kappa = 0.29-0.32). Sources of observer variability in addition to the classification scheme are considered. Use of specific criteria for the categorization of symptoms might improve the reliability of seizure classification. PMID- 3258238 TI - Cell-cycle-related metabolic and enzymatic events in proliferating rat thymocytes. AB - Cell-cycle progression of rat thymocytes stimulated with concanavalin A and interleukin 2 was monitored at 12-h intervals by pulse labeling aliquots of the cell culture with [3H]thymidine, by measuring cellular DNA and protein content and by counting the number of cells in the cultures. The cell cycle was completed after 96 h of culture with the S phase peaking at 48 h. Early events in thymocyte activation were enhanced phosphatidylinositol turnover and the induction of ornithine decarboxylase. Concomitant changes were observed in the rates of DNA synthesis and glycolysis accompanied by a 20-fold increase in glucose uptake 48 h after stimulation. However, the maximal increment in the glycolytic rate preceded that of DNA synthesis by 12 h. Apart from the quantitative changes which occurred during the cell-cycle progression, there was also a change from partial aerobic glucose degradation to CO2 (26%) to almost complete anaerobic conversion of glucose to lactate (85%) and less than 3% to CO2. Glycolytic enzyme levels increased fourfold to tenfold and reached their maxima 48 h after mitogenic stimulation. Maximal increments of glycolytic enzyme activities preceded or coincided with the maximal increments of the glycolytic rate. Actinomycin D (1.5 ng/ml) completely inhibited DNA and RNA synthesis but did not show any inhibitory effect either on glycolytic enzyme induction or on enhanced glycolysis. During mitosis and return of the cells to the non-proliferative state, all of the enhanced metabolic rates returned to their initial levels and the elevated enzyme activities were decreased also. The marked changes of metabolic rates and enzyme activities observed at the various phases of the cell cycle suggest that these biochemical events may also serve as suitable parameters for evaluating the response of lymphocytes towards mitogens and lymphokines. PMID- 3258239 TI - Augmented uptake of 2-C-14-D-deoxyglucose in reversibly-injured myocardium. AB - We studied the cardiac uptake of 2-14C-D-deoxyglucose (14C-DG) in 6 dogs subjected to a 15 min left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by 30 min reflow. Coronary arterial flows during occlusion were determined with 46Sc microspheres. After 30 min reflow, 50 microCi 14C-DG were given intravenously to determine cardiac uptake. The animal was killed 45 min later and 46Sc counts/min were determined in gamma and beta counters. Quenching was determined with non radioactive blood for both isotopes in the beta counter. Contribution of 46Sc counts/min to the 14C channel was subtracted. 14C uptake was in DPM/g and was higher in the cardiac ischemic regions of four of the six dogs. In three of the six animals there was an inverse curvilinear relation between 14C DG cardiac uptake and occlusion flow. This observation was further confirmed by high resolution autoradiography, indicating that enhanced cardiac uptake of radiolabeled DG may be a useful positron emission tomographic marker for reversible myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3258241 TI - Expression of B-L and Bu-1 antigens in chickens bursectomized at 60 h of incubation. AB - Differences in expression between B-L (chicken class II major histocompatibility complex antigen) and Bu-1 B cell antigens were found in normal animals by using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometric immunofluorescence analysis. Fluorescence intensity profile was used in assaying cell surface density of antigen molecules. The density of B-L antigen on the cell surface is apparently low in immature and high in mature cells, whereas the density of Bu-1 antigen does not vary in cells at different maturational stages. The existence of B-L+ and Bu-1+ cells in chickens bursectomized at 60 h of embryonic development (Bx) is demonstrated, indicating that neither B-L or Bu-1 antigen is exclusively specific for cells differentiated in the bursa. The densities of B-L and Bu-1 molecules on lymphoid cells in Bx chickens are similar to those of controls. However, the number of B-L+ and Bu-1+ cells was decreased in Bx chickens. We conclude that the extrabursal site where Bx B cells mature has an ability similar to that of the bursa to induce and enhance the expression of B-L and Bu-1 antigens. However, only few B cells proliferate and/or are released into the circulation. Further, the extrabursal site unequivocally lacks the most important function of the bursa, the creation and expansion of antibody diversity. PMID- 3258240 TI - Immunoscintigraphic localization of inflammatory lesions: clinical experience. AB - This clinical study was based on the experimental results reported in the two preceding papers, showing that the highly selective affinity of the 123I-anti-CEA monoclonal antibody 47 (123I-Mabgc) for human granulocytes makes this compound suitable for the immunoscintigraphic detection of inflammatory lesions. Forty five patients with suspected infections have been studied after infusion of 4 mCi (148 MBq) 123I-Mabgc corresponding to 120 micrograms labeled protein. No adverse reactions have been seen. Because of the high number of labeled cells, the quality of the images was excellent. SPECT was performed in 15 cases in order to define the extent of the lesion. Infectious foci were usually seen 3-5 h postinjection, but the unimpaired function of the granulocytes guarantees diagnostically relevant examinations over a much longer period of time. Scans were read as being negative if no pathological accumulation of activity was detected after 24 h. The new scanning method is technically easy to perform and provides distinct advantages over other techniques necessitating in vitro labeling of the white blood cells. Therefore, recommended indications are acute infections of unknown origin or extent, especially recurrent episodes of osteomyelitis and infections of joint prostheses. PMID- 3258242 TI - Antibody-forming capacity of B cell-deficient chickens reconstituted with limiting numbers of B cell precursors. AB - To examine the antibody-forming capacity of neonatally cyclophosphamide-treated chickens reconstituted with limiting numbers of B cell precursors, we analyzed their antibody responses to six unrelated antigens. Our results demonstrate that about 10 x 10(6) bursal cells are needed in this adoptive cell transfer model to restore normal immune competence to B cell-deficient birds. From our earlier data we know that with low repopulating cell numbers (less than 10 x 10(6) cells) developing bursal follicles are of clonal origin. Ten million cells repopulate about 40%, i.e. about 4 x 10(3) of the bursal lymphoid follicles. Assuming the clonal origin of the follicles these results imply that the B cell system of birds receiving this dose is derived from less than 5 x 10(3) precursor cells. At the lowest reconstituting dose (1.25 x 10(6) cells) most birds do not respond to the antigens studied. However, their B cell system is derived from only about 500 precursor cells. Because the antibody repertoire of a normal chicken was estimated to be at least 10(6) our results suggest that each precursor gives rise to a large number (greater than 200) of immunoglobulin V-region gene variants during its clonal proliferation in the bursa. Our results are thus consistent with the proposed "hyperconversion" mechanism of generation of antibody diversity in the chicken and provide quantitative data useful for estimating what such somatic modification rates might be. PMID- 3258243 TI - Potassium-free solution prevents the action but not the release of endothelium derived relaxing factor. AB - Exposure to a K+-free solution reversibly inhibited the acetylcholine-induced relaxation in perfused canine femoral artery segments with endothelium and in superfused bioassay femoral artery rings without endothelium. Infusion of 6.7 mM K+ into the K+-free perfusate downstream of the perfused artery restored the acetylcholine-induced relaxation in the bioassay ring, whereas no relaxation was observed in the perfused segment still exposed to the K+-free solution. These data demonstrate that the K+-free solution depresses the endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in femoral arteries by preventing the action, but not the production, of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. PMID- 3258244 TI - Postsynaptic dopamine agonist properties of B-HT 920 as revealed by concomitant D 1 receptor stimulation. PMID- 3258245 TI - Equatorial potassium currents in lenses. AB - Earlier work with the vibrating probe demonstrated the existence of outward potassium currents at the equator and inward sodium currents at the optical poles of the lens. By adding microelectrodes to the system, it is possible to relate steady currents (J) to the potential difference (PD) measured with a microelectrode. By injecting an outward current (I), it is possible to determine resistances and also the PD at which the steady outward potassium current becomes zero (PDJ = 0). At this PD the concentration gradient for potassium efflux and the electrical gradient for potassium influx are balanced so that there is no net flow of potassium across the membranes associated with the production of J. The PDJ = 0 for 18 rat lenses was 86 mV and that for 12 frogs lenses was -95 mV. This agrees with the potassium equilibrium potential and provides strong evidence to support the view that the outward equatorial current, J, is a potassium current. With the injection of outward current, I, the PD becomes more negative, the outward equatorial current, J, decreases, and the inward current at the optical poles increases. This suggests that there are separate electrical loops for K+ and Na+ that are partially linked by the Na, K-pump. Using Ohm's law, it is possible to calculate the input resistance (R = delta PD/I), the resistance related to the production of J (RJ = delta PD/delta J), and the effect of the combined resistances (delta J/I). The driving force for J can be estimated (PDJ = 0-PD). The relationships among currents, voltages and resistance can be used to determine the characteristics of the membranes that are associated with the outward potassium current observed at the equator. The effects of graded deformation of the lens were determined. The effects were reversible. The sites of inward and outward currents were not altered. Following deformation, the equatorial current, J, increased, and the PD became less negative. The PDJ = 0 remains the same so the ratio of K+ concentrations across the membrane responsible for J is unchanged. Therefore, the decrease in PD is ascribed to an increase in Na+ permeance with a resultant increase in driving force accounting for the increase in J. PMID- 3258246 TI - ATP causes retinal pericytes to contract in vitro. AB - We evaluated the contractility of bovine retinal microvascular pericytes in culture by permeabilizing the cells with 0.1% Triton X-100 and measuring their response to MgATP. Sequential photographs of the cells were taken over 20 min and their surface areas were measured. Our study directly demonstrates that pericytes are contractile cells, which respond to MgATP in a dose-dependent fashion over a relatively short time course (minutes). Pericytes did not contract in response to GTP, pyrophosphate or beta, gamma-methylene ATP. Immunofluorescence study showed the presence of muscle actin in Triton X-100-treated cells before and after contraction, indicating preservation of this cytoskeletal protein even after treatment with the detergent. Similar experiments on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, bovine lens epithelial cells and human retinal pigment epithelial cells showed that these cells were significantly less contractile than retinal pericytes. That pericytes show substantial contraction over a short time course indicates that these cells may play a major role in regulating blood flow in the microcirculation. PMID- 3258247 TI - Increase in ganglion cell size after optic nerve regeneration in the frog, Rana pipiens. AB - Even though optic regeneration is successful in the frog, Rana pipiens, at completion considerable ganglion cell loss has occurred. To determine whether ganglion cell loss affects the size of the remaining ganglion cells, these cells were back-filled with horseradish peroxidase. The size of one class of ganglion cell 6 months to 1 year following nerve crush injury (N = 4) was compared to that of normal cells of this class (N = 4). The average area of the perikaryon was 35% larger than normal (less than 0.01). This change is interpreted to reflect the increased metabolic needs of the neuron required to maintain a larger than normal axonal arbor. PMID- 3258248 TI - Influence of age on epidermal growth factor receptor level in the rat brain. AB - The influence of age on 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to rat brain plasma membranes was investigated. The specific binding of EGF to membranes decreased gradually with age in both male and female rats. There was no significant difference in the specific binding between males and females. Scatchard analysis of the binding data showed that the decrease in EGF binding with age was due to a decrease in the number of EGF receptors. PMID- 3258249 TI - Interleukin 1 modulates collagen accumulation by rat granulation tissue cells both in vivo and in vitro. AB - In in vivo studies 0.5 U human interleukin 1 (IL-1) was inoculated daily into a subcutaneously implanted viscose cellulose sponge. IL-1 significantly decreased the dry weight (7.8%) and the hydroxyproline content (24.2%) of granulomas. When the cultured rat granulation tissue cells were exposed to IL-1 (0.5-2.0 U/ml) their collagen production decreased to 80% of that in controls. No effect on cell proliferation was detected. PMID- 3258250 TI - Kinetic arguments for the existence of a single form of intestinal ornithine decarboxylase during the postnatal development of normal and sparse-fur mutant mice and after EGF treatment. AB - The Km for ornithine is remarkably constant during the course of postnatal development in both normal and spf mutant mice even if a large but transient increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is noted. Four hours after EGF injection (4 micrograms/g b.wt) to 17-day-old normal and spf mice, a marked stimulation of ODC activity is observed but Km remains unaffected. These data argue against the existence of multiple forms of ODC in the intestinal mucosa of mice. PMID- 3258251 TI - Immunocytochemical investigation of atherosclerotic changes observed in aortocoronary bypass vein grafts using monoclonal antibodies. AB - The authors have performed immunocytochemical surveys on atherosclerotic changes observed in saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass grafts, comparing the changes occurring in coronary and aortic lesions. The two monoclonal antibodies used in this study were obtained by T. Tsukada. One of them, named HHF35, exhibited specificity to smooth muscle cells; the other, named HAM56, was specific to macrophages. These immunocytochemical studies clearly demonstrated that cells encountered within the fibrous intimal thickening in the vein graft were inevitably smooth muscle cell in origin. Macrophages were seldom seen in the grafts examined. In contrast to vein grafts, macrophages were noted within the intima of all specimens from arterial atherosclerotic lesions obtained from the same patients. These studies suggest a difference in the progression of intimal thickening between the venous graft and the arterial atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 3258252 TI - Two hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators increase the number of lamellar bodies in alveolar cells type II of the rat lung. AB - Male rats treated with either clofibrate or nafenopin, two peroxisome proliferating compounds with potent hypolipidemic properties, show identical structural changes in their lungs. In both cases, two types of lung cells were affected by these agents: (i) the alveolar epithelial cells type II and (ii) the intraalveolar macrophages. These lung cells are known to be involved in the metabolism of the pulmonary surfactant which serves to reduce the surface tension within alveoli. The size of the alveolar cells type II was conspicuously increased in the treated lungs. Compared to controls, intraalveolar macrophages apparently were slightly more numerous. Their enlarged cytoplasm was strongly vacuolated. The osmiophilic lamellar bodies within alveolar cells type II represent the intracellular presecretory pulmonary surfactant. Their number per individual alveolar cell type II was estimated by means of light microscopic morphometry on Epon-embedded semithin sections. Compared to control lungs, the number was increased by about 30% in rats treated with clofibrate (11.4 +/- 0.5 lamellar inclusions in the control cells; P less than 0.001). The increase in the number of lamellar bodies per type II cell was close to 60% in animals fed the nafenopin diet. In contrast the frequency of alveolar cells type II, estimated per area of lung tissue, remained unchanged. These results demonstrate that clofibrate and nafenopin, two drugs with hypolipidemic properties, cause identical structural changes in the rodent lung. It is concluded from these data that (i) the morphological changes observed in the surfactant metabolizing cells represent a specific action of hypolipidemic agents at the lungs and (ii) hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators influence the metabolism of the pulmonary surfactant. PMID- 3258253 TI - Inhibition of cellular phosphatidylinositol turnover by psi-tectorigenin. AB - Psi-tectorigenin, an isoflavonoid, was isolated from a culture filtrate of actinomycetes as an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor-induced phosphatidylinositol turnover in cultured A431 cells. It inhibited phosphatidylinositol turnover with an IC50 of about 1 microgram/ml; thus, its inhibitory activity was 6-times stronger than that of genistein or orobol. When added to cultured A431 cells psi-tectorigenin inhibited phosphatidylinositol turnover without inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine protein kinase. Thus, psi-tectorigenin is a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol turnover and may be a useful tool for the functional analysis of phosphatidylinositol turnover. PMID- 3258254 TI - An amphibian two-domain 'big' neurophysin: conformational homology with the mammalian MSEL-neurophysin/copeptin intermediate precursor shown by trypsin sepharose proteolysis. AB - A 'big' frog (Rana esculenta) neurophysin, encompassing sequences homologous to mammalian MSEL-neurophysin and copeptin, has been passed through a trypsin Sepharose column in order to compare its conformation with that of the two-domain intermediate precursor isolated from guinea pig. Whereas the polypeptide possesses 8 arginine residues, only two cleavages were observed located in a putative inter-domain sequence (at Arg-94 and Arg-114). Because free vasotocin has been isolated from the frog, it is assumed that pro-vasotocin has a three domain conformation similar to that of pro-vasopressin but processing in amphibians involves only one step rather than two steps as in mammals. PMID- 3258255 TI - The proliferative capacity of the cells of the avian Harderian gland. AB - The largest concentration of plasmacytic cells within avian lymphomyeloid tissue appears in the Harderian Gland (HG). Mature plasma cells were the least frequent cell at day old and the most frequent by 5-weeks of age. Failure of phytohemagglutinin-M to stimulate blasting of HG cells may reflect the low number of T cells in the HG. On the other hand, the uptake of tritiated thymidine by HG cells after short term culture in complete medium was significantly greater than that of splenic cells. The proliferating cells were the plasmablast, and mature plasma cell. Our data demonstrated that labeled B-cells, administered intravenously to 2- or 6-week old syngeneic or allogeneic chickens, did not migrate to the HG. The origin of HG plasma cells may be B-cells which entered prior to 2 weeks of age or the HG may possess a special microenvironment which allowed stem cell differentiation. The maintenance of a high concentration of plasma cells in the HG in the presence of low levels of B-cells may reflect the long-lived nature of the resident B-cell and/or the inherent proliferative capacity of the HG plasmacytic cell. PMID- 3258256 TI - Allopregnancy in B-cell deprived C57/BL mice--an investigation focusing on the relationship between survival of the fetuses and anti-paternal immune activity of the mothers. AB - C57/B1 female mice (haplotype H2-b) were treated throughout their life cycles with rabbit anti-mouse IgM antibodies in order to remove all maturing B lymphocytes. At an age of 40 days the B-cell-deprived mice and the corresponding controls were allowed to mate with CBA/Ca males (haplotype H2-k). Four groups of allopregnant animals were investigated: (A) mice not subjected to further treatment, which were allowed to pass through a first pregnancy, (B) mice not subjected to further treatment, which were allowed to pass through a first and second pregnancy, (C) mice immunized with paternal cells prior to mating and then allowed to pass through a first pregnancy, (D) mice which during their first pregnancy were given transfusions of anti-paternal lymphocytes obtained from hyperimmune virgin donors. All animals were dissected on the calculated day for parturition (or the first day that abortions or resorptions were detected). On conclusion of the experiments, the efficiency of the anti-IgM treatment was defined for each mouse, using three different methods (ELISA for detection of serum IgG, immune staining for detection of surface Ig-carrying cells, and the protein A plaque assay for detection of Ig-secreting cells). The T-cell function was recorded in vitro by ConA responsiveness. In addition, control animals were assayed for anti-paternal serum antibodies. In experiments (A), (B) and (C), B cell-deprived mice and corresponding controls were equally successful in passing through pregnancy, having fairly similar litter sizes and resorption frequency. In group (D), however, some of the anti-IgM-treated mice resorbed all her fetuses. Those that gave birth at on schedule had a resorption frequency and litter size fairly similar to those of the controls. PMID- 3258257 TI - Cellular and serum immune response to dinitrophenol in adult Rana pipiens. AB - A rabbit anti-Rana anti-DNP antiserum was used in order to estimate changes in frequency of bone marrow (BM) cells containing cytoplasmic anti-DNP antibodies (cId+) for eight weeks following a single injection. We found that (i) cId+ cells increased from 0.2 to 4.3 percent of total mononuclear cells (MNC's) during the first 8 weeks, (ii) BM granulocytes increased in frequency up to week 2, then gradually decreased to week 8, and (iii) serum anti-DNP antibody levels, evaluated by ELISA, increased to week 8. Our observations (i) support those which suggest that Rana BM resembles mammaliam BM as a source of antibody-producing cells, (ii) indicate that specific immune responses in BM may result in a 20-fold increase in the frequency of antigen-related plasma cells among total MNC's, and (iii) suggest that BM B cell clonal expansion, maturation and secretion may result in an increase in specific antibody levels in serum. PMID- 3258258 TI - Characterization of the human T lymphocyte adenosine receptor: comparison of normal and systemic lupus erythematosus cells. AB - To determine whether a defect in the T cell response to adenosine exists at the level of the adenosine receptor in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) we measured the binding affinity and maximum binding of T cell membranes from both normal and SLE T cells by utilizing radiolabeled adenosine ligands. Normal T lymphocyte membranes possess a single class of [3H]5-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine binding sites with a Kd of 0.61 microM, a Bmax of 23.5 pmol/mg protein, and a Hill coefficient of 0.98, which indicates the presence of noncooperative sites. In contrast, T cell membranes do not bind significant amounts of either [3H]cyclohexyladenosine or [3H]phenylisopropyladenosine. These data indicate that T lymphocyte membranes have only A2, and not A1, adenosine receptors. Similarly, T cells from both active and inactive SLE subjects also express only A2 receptors with a Kd of 0.93 microM, a Bmax of 20.4 pmol/mg protein, and a Hill coefficient of 0.85, which is consistent with the presence of noncooperative sites. There is no difference in the on-rate, affinity, or density of T cell A2 receptors from active SLE patients, inactive SLE patients, or healthy controls. We conclude that T lymphocytes from both healthy and SLE subjects express A2, but not A1, receptors. Thus, the inability of SLE T cells to respond to adenosine does not reflect a decreased density of A2 (stimulatory) receptors, diminished A2 receptor binding, or an increased affinity or number of A1 (inhibitory) adenosine receptors. These observations support the conclusion that the defect in the T cell cAMP-dependent pathway may occur at a point distal to the adenosine receptor. PMID- 3258259 TI - Chronic gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin: role of small bowel enteroscopy. AB - The source of blood loss remains undetermined in 5% of patients with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. A new technique of small bowel enteroscopy with a prototypic sonde-type enteroscope 9 ft in length was used to examine 60 patients referred to the hospital with gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. With an average procedure time of 6 h, the enteroscope migrated to the ileum or beyond in 77% of patients. Thirty-three percent (20 of 60 patients) had the source of blood loss identified within the small bowel at enteroscopy. Small bowel enteroscopy is a useful tool in patients with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin and can be considered when standard invasive and noninvasive modalities have failed to diagnose a site of bleeding. PMID- 3258260 TI - Complications of the hot biopsy forceps technique. AB - Hot biopsy forceps technique involves the use of insulated monopolar electrocoagulating forceps to simultaneously biopsy and electrocoagulate tissue. It has been recommended for removal of diminutive polyps and treatment of vascular ectasias of the gastrointestinal tract. The extent of its use and associated complications have not been delineated. This study evaluated the practice of 517 endoscopists. Seventy-one percent (369 endoscopists) used hot biopsy forceps and reported 117 complications, including 85 episodes of bleeding, 19 perforations, and one death. While the overall complication rate was less than that previously reported for colonoscopic polypectomy, 87% of colon perforations occurred on the right side. Factors that may have been important in the development of complications included the degree and length of current application. Adherence to suggested limitations in current application and use of proper technique should result in fewer complications. PMID- 3258261 TI - BICAP-induced colonic perforation. PMID- 3258262 TI - Colonoscopic findings in a leukemic patient. PMID- 3258263 TI - Inhibition by mefloquine of Ca2+ stimulated phospholipid dependent protein kinase from rat spleen. AB - 1. Mefloquine, a phospholipid interacting antimalarial drug, inhibits Ca2+ stimulated phospholipid dependent protein kinase from rat spleen by interfering with the activation process. 2. The type of inhibition was found to be competitive with respect to phosphatidylserine; the apparent Ki-value was determined to be 60 microM. PMID- 3258264 TI - Fluoxetine and pargyline on the nucleus raphe magnus inhibition of cat multireceptive dorsal horn neurones. AB - 1. To determine whether serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) inhibition of cat multireceptive dorsal horn neurones, the NRM inhibition was tested with drugs (fluoxetine and pargyline) that should enhance 5-HT synaptic activity. 2. Fluoxetine and pargyline systemically administered, individually or concurrently, decreased rather than increased the inhibition. 3. The results do not support the hypothesis that NRM stimulation-produced inhibition is mediated by 5-HT release. PMID- 3258265 TI - [Nerve regeneration in autologous and allogeneic transplant of the sciatic nerve of the rat with and without immunosuppression by cyclosporin A]. AB - The following experimental studies show different stages of regeneration and rejection in autologous and allogenic nerve grafts in 162 rats with and without immunosuppression with Cyclosporin A. Allografts were used in congenic rats differing only in major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Nerve regeneration was studied in autologous grafts with and without treatment with Cy A and with toxic doses of Cy A. No difference in nerve regeneration was seen in these groups. Allografts were transplanted between congenic rats type LEW 1 A and 1 U and vice versa with and without treatment with Cy A. Various degrees of rejection from slight to moderate were seen. Without Cy A-treatment, nerve grafts were totally destroyed after four weeks. With Cy A, nerve grafting resulted in complete regeneration. PMID- 3258267 TI - Distribution of alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes in Sweden. AB - The distribution of phenotypes of alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi) in 1,062 unrelated Swedes was determined by isoelectric focusing with carrier ampholytes. The frequencies calculated were: PiM1 = 0.6940, PiM2 = 0.1384, PiM3 = 0.1139, PiZ = 0.0231, PiS = 0.0245, PiF = 0.0038, Pivar = 0.0024. A mother-child material consisting of 194 pairs is also presented. PMID- 3258266 TI - Egg-oviduct interaction initiates reproductive behavior. AB - The experiments reported in this paper provide evidence that eggs must pass through the oviducts in order for receptivity to occur after ovulation in the female frog, Rana pipiens. In one experiment, oviductectomized frogs remained unreceptive after ovulation was induced by administration of exogenous pituitary glands, while sham-operates became receptive within 48 hr. Another experiment had four groups of subjects: ovariectomized females, females with oviducts ligated at the ostial end, females with openings in the uteri that prevented eggs from accumulating there, and sham-operated females. Only the last two groups, groups in which eggs could pass through the oviducts, became receptive. In these experiments, receptivity was indicated by absence of the release call during manual clasping of the trunk. Earlier experiments have shown that eggs have to pass through the oviducts in order to become fertilizable. Thus, the passage of eggs through the oviducts provides a mechanism which links the onset of reproductive behavior to the availability of fertilizable gametes. PMID- 3258269 TI - T-cell repertoire. PMID- 3258268 TI - Serum protein markers in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Serum protein markers (alpha 1-AT, Bf, C3, C4A, C4B, Hp and Tf) were studied in a series of 36 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and compared to normal blood donors. In agreement with the results of previous investigations a significant increase of complement C4 deficiency was found among the SLE patients. The relative risks for AQ0 and BQ0 homozygosity were 7.2 and 4.1, respectively. Simultaneous occurrence of AQ0 and BQ0 was found in three patients with a calculated relative risk of about 65. A significant increase of the haptoglobin type 2-2 (p less than 0.05) was found among SLE patients. The remaining serum protein systems showed no statistically significant associations with SLE. PMID- 3258270 TI - Worm expulsion and mucosal mast cell response induced by repetitive IL-3 administration in Strongyloides ratti-infected nude mice. AB - After a primary infection of congenitally athymic nu/nu mice with Strongyloides ratti, worms were not expelled and the number of intestinal mucosal mast cells (MMC) remained at a low level. When S. ratti-infected nu/nu mice were treated by repetitive injections of semi-purified IL-3 from Day 5 to Day 10 post-infection (total 1.4 X 10(5) U), significant reduction of larval excretion in faeces (LPG) was observed on Day 13. The number of adult worms in the small intestine of IL-3 treated mice was significantly lower than that of untreated, infected nude mice. The higher dose of IL-3 treatment from Day 4 to Day 13 (total 5.8 X 10(5) U) caused more profound reduction of LPG as early as Day 9, although complete cessation of LPG was not observed until Day 13, the end of this series of experiments. By this higher dose of IL-3 treatment, adult worms were completely expelled from the small intestine, although a small number of residual worms, which could explain the persistent low level of LPG detected from Day 9 to Day 13, was found in the caecum. Histological examination revealed that the number of MMC, especially in the epithelium, of the small intestine of IL-3-treated mice was significantly higher than that of untreated mice. PMID- 3258271 TI - Anti-nRNP anti-nuclear antibody-secreting cells are represented in the B lymphocyte repertoire of normal and MRL/MP-lpr/lpr lupus mice. AB - Spleen cells from MRL-lpr/lpr, CBA and BALB/c mice were cultured in vitro and assayed for production of anti-nuclear antibodies. Spleen cells from all species produced IgM antibodies to a nRNP (U1-RNP)-specific antigen and to double stranded DNA (dsDNA) after stimulation with LPS. The specificity of the anti-nRNP antibodies was shown, by immunoblotting, to be directed against the 33,000 MW polypeptide of nRNP/Sm. CBA mice produced more IgM autoantibody in vitro than MRL/lpr or BALB/c mice. In contrast, IgG anti-nRNP and anti-dsDNA antibody were not produced by any of the strains. Our data show that anti-nRNP and anti-dsDNA precursor B cells are part of the normal murine immune repertoire and are not confined to the MRL/lpr strain. This suggests that the spontaneous development of anti-nRNP and anti-dsDNA antibodies associated with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) is dependent on clonal stimulation and removal of suppressive influences. PMID- 3258272 TI - Preventive and therapeutic effects of cyclosporin and valine2-dihydro-cyclosporin in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. AB - Cyclosporin (CS) and valine2-dihydro-cyclosporin [(Val2)DH-CS] were tested in adult Lewis rats with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE), induced by the immunization of guinea-pig spinal cord emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. The drugs were given orally for 15 or 35 days, at 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg/day, starting either on the day of sensitization (preventive treatment) or at one of three subsequent times (therapeutic treatment): the onset of the first attack (protocol A); the onset of the first spontaneous remission (protocol B); and the onset of the second attack (protocol C). Used therapeutically in protocol A, at doses above 12.5 mg/kg/day, both drugs prolonged remission past the end of therapy in more than two-thirds of the treated animals, compared to less than 10% of controls. Trends were similar under protocols B and C. Disease developing after preventive treatment with either drug was predominated by chronic and hyperacute attacks, in contrast to the relapsing course of controls. This pattern was also the result after CS was given therapeutically, whereas (Val2)DH-CS in such circumstances eliminated all further attacks in the majority of rats (58-86% at 25 mg/kg/day) and only minimal disease occurred in the remainder. We conclude that both drugs, in this model, are beneficial during administration; however, in contrast to CS, (Val2)DH-CS possesses an important, curative action when applied therapeutically. PMID- 3258274 TI - MHC-unrestricted T-cell cytotoxicity against tumour cells. AB - F9 embryonal carcinoma cells (EC) grow as tumours in their strain of origin, 129/Sv, but can be rejected by mouse strains differing at the H-2 and/or non-H-2 loci. The presence of H-2 class I and/or minor H antigens on F9 and other EC cells is implied by (i) the rejection of EC cells by mice immunized with appropriate H-2 class I transfectants, and (ii) the ability of appropriate EC cells to prime mice for second-set in vivo skin-graft rejection responses to H-Y, and secondary MLC responses to multiple minor H antigens. However, EC cells express no H-2 class I antigens in vitro, and for in vivo rejection by T-cell responses directed either at allogeneic class I molecules or at minor H antigens restricted by self class I molecules, one would need to postulate that EC cells growing in vivo could express sufficient class I antigens for recognition by T cells. In the course of investigating this question, we found evidence for class I expression but also evidence for an additional antigen(s), shared by EC and tumour cells and recognized in a non-MHC-restricted manner. PMID- 3258273 TI - Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan production by NK cells and T cells: effects of xylosides on proliferation and cytotoxic function. AB - Cultured human NK cells and T cells grown in the presence of IL-2 and phytohaemagglutinin incorporated 35S sulphate into two distinct macromolecular species. The larger molecule was identified as a chondroitin-4-sulphate proteoglycan and was present in both cell-associated and secreted material. The smaller component was identified as free glycosaminoglycan and was present only in the cell-associated material. The sulphated macromolecules synthesized by NK cells were smaller than those produced by T cells. Growth in the presence of beta D-xyloside led to a decrease in proteoglycan production, together with an increase in the synthesis of free glycosaminoglycan. The latter molecule was found in the secreted as well as the cell-associated fraction. In all instances, growth of T cells was inhibited by xyloside in a dose-dependent fashion. However, growth of NK cells from 3/7 donors was stimulated at low concentrations of xyloside (0.25 and 0.5 mM). Growth of NK cells in xyloside had no effect on their lytic activity, and the 'NK-like' cytolytic capacity of cultured T cells was similarly unaffected. Both NK cells and T cells grown in xyloside at a concentration resulting in a 50% inhibition of intact proteoglycan synthesis did not show increased susceptibility to autolysis in the presence of NK-cell targets. These findings suggest that optimal production of the intact proteoglycan molecule may not be essential for NK-cell lytic function or protection of effector cells in vitro. PMID- 3258275 TI - Restricted blocking of cytotoxic T-cell function by anti-H-2K/D antibodies. AB - Antibodies specific for H-2K and H-2D, the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded class I antigens, can block cytotoxic T (Tc)-cell function. Antibodies specific for the Tc cell and not the target cell have been used to map inhibition to the effector cell, suggesting a role for class I antigens in Tc cell function. These antibody effects have been demonstrated for both alloreactive and MHC-restricted Tc cells, but inhibition has only been revealed by measuring cytotoxicity in a short-term assay. Using the neutral red assay for cytotoxicity, blocking effects evident after a 1.5-hr assay were lost by 2.5 hr. For some Tc-cell responses, only anti-H-2K antibodies have been found to be inhibitory, despite evidence of the expression of both H-2K and H-2D molecules on these cells. Some Tc-cell populations can be blocked by antibodies specific for both the H-2K and H-2D molecules. B10.A(4R) anti-Sendai Tc cells can be inhibited by anti-H-2Kk antibodies, but five different anti-H-2Db antibodies have been ineffective inhibitors. In contrast, B10.A(4R) anti-ectromelia Tc cells can be inhibited very effectively by each of these anti-H-2Db antibodies, as well as by anti-H-2Kk antibodies. Anti-H-2 antibodies also inhibit the function of cloned alloreactive Tc-cell lines such that the inhibitory capacity of antibodies specific for K versus D determinants appears to be consistent and specific for each Tc-cell line. A long-term Tc-cell clone, AR1, has been inhibited specifically by anti-H-2Kb and not anti-H-2Db antibodies, suggesting a clonally 'restricted' phenomenon. PMID- 3258276 TI - Subpopulations of T lymphocytes emigrating in venous blood draining pig thymus labelled in vivo with fluorochrome. AB - The emigration of labelled thymus cells in the pig was studied directly in blood draining the large right distal cervical lobe of the thymus after controlled labelling with FITC delivered through cannulated branches of a main thymic artery and vein by temporary ex vivo perfusion at body temperature. Roughly 1% of thymic cells emigrated per day. Unlike most thymocytes, which are small, the size spectrum of thymic emigrants is slightly larger than that of typical blood lymphocytes. Surface-marker studies show that the surface phenotypes of the emigrants differ from both typical thymus and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Although the emigrants resemble thymocytes in the high proportion of strong rosettes formed with sheep red blood cells (RBC), they rosette poorly with pig red cells, particularly in the unenhanced saline test, in this respect behaving like blood lymphocytes. The peripheral T-cell subset bearing a Fc receptor is almost absent in thymus, but is well represented among the emigrants which thus resemble corticosteroid-resistant thymocytes in the pig. The large population of thymus-dependent Null lymphocytes in young pig blood apparently arise in thymus since they constitute 1/3 of emigrants, although only forming less than 10% of thymus cells. This emigration of thymic cells is discussed in relation to its implications for the turnover of known functional peripheral T-cell populations. PMID- 3258277 TI - 'Autoreactivity' of some hybridomas may be caused by a three-cell interaction. AB - We have produced hybridomas by the fusion of BALB/c (H-2d) bone marrow cells, bone marrow cells from BALB/c-nu/nu mice, BALB/c fetal liver cells, and BALB/c fetal thymocytes with the AKR (H-2k) thymoma BW5147. The hybridomas were selected for the expression of the Thy-1.2 antigen of the normal cell donor and for their ability to produce IL-2 upon co-culture with irradiated normal spleen cells. The hybridomas produce IL-2 when co-cultured with H-2k, H-2u, H-2j, or H-2v cells of some strains but not in mixtures with H-2p, H-2s, H-2f, H-2b, H-2q, or H-2d cells. An investigation into the nature of these differences revealed a novel type of interaction between hybridomas, mature T lymphocytes and class II positive spleen or lymph node cells. The experiments described in this communication suggest that irradiated L3T4+, Ly-1 High T cells recognize syngeneic class II-positive spleen or lymph node cells, but only in some strains. The ability to recognize the syngeneic cells depends both upon the H-2 complex and on the non-H-2 genes. The recognition leads, in the absence of proliferation, to the secretion of an as yet unidentified and largely hypothetical factor which then acts on the hybridoma cells. Upon stimulation with the T lymphocyte-derived factor, the hybridoma cells begin to secrete IL-2, which can then be measured by the proliferation of the IL-2-dependent CTLL line. The IL-2 production by the hybridoma cells is independent of their proliferation. The described interaction apparently does not involve the T-cell receptor of the hybridoma cells. The interaction resembles the autoreactivity of thymocyte hybridomas described by other investigators, and therefore it is possible that this 'autoreactivity' may in fact be generated by a similar mechanism to the one described here. PMID- 3258278 TI - Characterization of anti-idiotypic antibodies and their use as probes for determination of shared idiotopes expressed on murine and human IgE anti-rye I antibodies. AB - This study describes the production and characterization of rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-ID Abs) against three idiotypes of three mAbs with different specificities. The anti-ID Abs were rendered idiotype specific by appropriate adsorption. Binding of labelled mAb to homologous anti-ID Ab bound to a polystyrene matrix was completely inhibited when the same mAb was added. In contrast, addition of other mAbs sharing the same isotype and the same light chain but with different specificity did not affect the binding reaction. Each anti-ID Ab inhibited completely and selectively the reaction between the allergen and the homologous mAb idiotype. Labelled rye I binding to a given polystyrene bound mAb idiotype was completely blocked if the relevant anti-ID Ab was used as an inhibitor. Murine polyclonal anti-rye I antisera inhibited the reaction between all three mAbs and the antigens, as well as the reaction between all three mAb idiotypes and their homologous anti-ID Abs. On another hand, goat polyclonal anti-rye I antisera only inhibited the reaction between the mAbs and the antigens. These results suggest that the anti-ID Abs produced are directed against idiotopes located within the paratopes and such idiotopes are shared by murine monoclonal and polyclonal Abs. Human rye I-specific IgE and murine anti rye I mAbs could share common idiotopes, since human IgE binding to the antigen was inhibited by the anti-ID Abs. These observations imply structural similarity in the V gene coding for the variable region of the antibody of two different species. PMID- 3258280 TI - Unfractionated spleen cells but not natural killer (NK) cells from RFM donors prevent the progression of host-versus-graft disease in murine RFM/(T6 x RFM)F1 chimeras. AB - Host-versus-graft (HVG) syndrome is the fatal allogenic disease which develops in susceptible strains of inbred mice following their perinatal inoculation with related F1 hybrid spleen cells. Deaths are caused by pathogenic immune complexes. It is thought that the antibody components of these complexes are produced by F1 donor B cells stimulated by the allogenic HVG reaction. To complement previous work that showed that lethal disease could be prevented if the HVG response was suppressed, the present studies tested whether or not it could also be prevented by augmenting HVG reactivity with the adoptive transfer of spleen cells syngenic with the host. The data show that unfractionated RFM spleen cells given on Days 13-14 prevented lethal disease in 86% of RFM/(T6 x RFM)F1 chimeras. Successful therapy was associated with the suppression of formation of nephropathic-immune complexes, and with the rejection of F1 donor cells or their gradual replacement by host cells. RFM spleen cells enriched for NK activity by a new improved method not only failed to prevent HVG disease but appeared to exacerbate it. This was also true of spleen cells that had been activated in vitro for 3 days with IL-2, a procedure that greatly enhanced their cytolytic activity against YAC-1 targets. It is suggested that therapy with NK cells failed, even after IL-2 activation, because they had no effect on proliferating and antibody-forming F1 donor cells that had engrafted in large numbers in the lymph nodes of the RFM hosts. PMID- 3258279 TI - Oxidative phenomena are implicated in human T-cell stimulation. AB - Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and PHA + PMA stimulation of T-enriched peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the Jurkat malignant T-cell line leads to oxidative-product formation, as evaluated by flow cytofluorometric studies, an increase in K+ flux across the membrane, cGMP production and a depolarization of the cell membrane. Irradiation (20 Gy), which enhances IL-2 synthesis by activated T-enriched PBL and Jurkat cells, also increases oxidative product formation, K+ flux, cGMP production, and induces cell membrane depolarization. Conversely, irradiation does not produce a rise in intracellular free Ca2+, as measured in PHA-stimulated Jurkat cells. PMA is also without effect on intracellular free Ca2+, added before or after PHA stimulation. Thus, except for the rise in intracellular free Ca2+, irradiation and stimulation exert similar effects on some of the events observed in IL-2-producing Jurkat cells, but these effects are not additive. Stimulation and irradiation effects are shown to be additive or synergistic only for cGMP production. It is proposed that irradiation may increase IL-2 synthesis by participating in an additional signal related to the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA). PMID- 3258282 TI - Increased CD1-positive cells in peripheral blood of AIDS and ARC patients. AB - CD1 monoclonal antibodies were assayed on peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1)-infected patients using immunogold technique. Using IOT6 monoclonal antibody, a significant increase of the CD1 positive cells per microliter of blood was found in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients (265 +/- 34/microliters, n = 44 and 491 +/- 64/microliters, n = 36, respectively) as compared to controls (108 +/- 11/microliters, n = 43, P less than 0.001). These findings were confirmed with four other CD1 monoclonal antibodies in six patients. Characterisation of these CD1 positive cells showed that they were double stained with either CD4 or CD8 monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, cytochemical analysis of these cells showed the absence of myeloperoxidase activity and ultrastructural examination did not reveal Birbeck granules, well known to characterise the Langerhans cells. Further investigations are warranted to assess the biological and clinical relevance of these findings. PMID- 3258281 TI - Immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative effects of a macrotetrolide antibiotic, tetranactin. AB - The macrotetrolide tetranactin suppressed the appearance of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis induced in Lewis rats with a soluble retinal antigen (S antigen). The drug at 1 ng/ml inhibited the mitogen activation of unfractionated lymphocytes; incorporation of radiolabelled precursors such as thymidine, uridine and leucine into the cells was markedly reduced. The synthesis and release of IL 2 by mitogen-activated lymphocytes was significantly suppressed in the presence of tetranactin. Incorporation of 45Ca was also inhibited, while intracellular Na+ levels were increased. In view of the ionophore property of tetranactin, it was suggested that the drug might demonstrate its immunosuppressive effect by affecting intracellular cation concentrations. PMID- 3258283 TI - cDNA clones coding for the complete murine B chain of complement Clq: nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences. AB - We have isolated cDNA clones covering the complete B chain of the complement subunit Clq from mouse; this subunit initiates the classical complement pathway. Deoxynucleotide sequence analysis shows that these clones contain 156 nucleotides of the 5' untranslated region, followed by sequences coding for the 25 amino acids of the signal peptide; all of the 228 amino acids of the mature protein; and 140 nucleotides of the 3' untranslated region, including a poly A additional signal. The coding region for the mature protein contains 261 nucleotides for the Gly-X-Y repeat and 408 nucleotides for the globular portion of Clq. By comparing the nucleotide sequence of the mouse B chain of Clq with the human B chain (Reid, K.B.M., 1985, Biochem. J. 231, 729), we find a high homology (80%) within the mature protein, a lower homology within the signal peptide (59%) and the 3' untranslated region (47%) and no homology (26%) in the 5' untranslated region. PMID- 3258285 TI - Prevalence of silicosis in the Dutch fine-ceramic industry. AB - In the nineteen-seventies a cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Dutch fine-ceramic industry. Workers employed in the ceramic industry (n = 3258) were examined for the presence of silicosis. In this article the results are reported for the area of Gouda and Maastricht. In Gouda the fine-ceramic industry consists of small workshops. The Maastricht working population comprises workers of two large, mechanized companies. The survey indicated that silicosis is still commonly present in Gouda (total prevalence of 13.3%), but is relatively rare in Maastricht (total prevalence of 1.7%). A clear dose-response relationship was found in both areas between duration of exposure to quartz-containing dust and the prevalence of silicosis. Furthermore it was noted that smoking was a risk factor for silicosis. However, this was restricted to workers who were heavy smokers and had had an occupational history of 20 years or more of exposure to quartz-containing dust. In this exposure category the prevalence of silicosis among heavy smokers was 50% higher than in light smokers and non-smokers. PMID- 3258284 TI - Evaluation of nicotine, cotinine, thiocyanate, carboxyhemoglobin, and expired carbon monoxide as biochemical tobacco smoke uptake parameters. AB - In a cross-sectional study on 236 individuals in Japan (174 males, 62 females; 149 smokers, 87 non-smokers) plasma nicotine (pnic), cotinine (pcot) and thiocyanate (pSCN), urinary creatinine ratios of nicotine (unic), cotinine (ucot) and thiocyanate (uSCN) as well as carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and expired carbon monoxide (COex) were determined. All tobacco smoke uptake parameters (TSUP) were significantly elevated in smokers as compared to nonsmokers. The discriminant power (smokers vs nonsmokers) rank in the following order: ucot approximately pcot approximately unic greater than pSCN approximately COHb approximately pnic greater than COex approximately uSCN. All parameters except for pnic are significantly correlated with the self-reported number of cigarettes smoked per day. The reason for the poor correlation of pnic with daily cigarette consumption is the short half-life of pnic coupled with the arbitrary time of blood drawing in relation to the last time of smoking. PMID- 3258286 TI - Measurement of IgG-blocking antibodies by ELISA using monoclonal antibody and fluorogenic substrate. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using mouse monoclonal antihuman gamma-chain antibody and a fluorogenic substrate has been developed for quantitation of IgG-blocking antibodies in human serum. Generation of fluorescent product was linear with time to 60 min. Using optimal conditions the ELISA was sensitive to less than 1 ng/ml of specific IgG to short ragweed pollen. The assay demonstrated consistently parallel dilution curves with 51 sera (mean interdilutional coefficient of variation = 8.8%). Reproducibility was determined by constructing precision profiles for intra and interassay variation for the entire working range of the assay. Intraassay CVs ranged from a mean of 13% at threshold to less than 5% at higher antibody concentration. Interassay reproducibility similarly ranged from 18 to 10%. In this assay the effect of serum dilution on nonspecific binding was minimal and specific binding of 4-10 ng IgG antibody to the antigen-adsorbed wells was largely complete (75.8 +/- 4.8%) and highly specific (greater than 98%). This application of ELISA for ragweed IgG antibody measurement has performance specifications equal or superior to previously developed radioimmunoassay and ELISA systems. PMID- 3258287 TI - Interleukin-1 production by monocytes from patients with allergic asthma after stimulation in vitro with lipopolysaccharide and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mite allergen. AB - Monocytes from 6 patients with asthma and positive bronchial challenge with extract from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and allergen extract from Dp. In order to neutralize putative endotoxin contamination of the allergen extract, some cultures were incubated in the presence of polymyxin B. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity was assayed by the comitogenic activity of the crude monocyte supernatants on phytohemagglutinin-stimulated murine thymocytes. Our results suggest that, upon stimulation with LPS and allergen, monocytes from atopic patients possess a normal capacity to produce IL-1. Like monocytes from healthy controls, patient monocytes do not produce IL-1 spontaneously. The specificity of the allergen stimulus is not well-defined, and further characterization of the IL 1-inducing property awaits the availability of endotoxin-free allergen preparations. PMID- 3258288 TI - Phosphorylation of nuclear proteins of peripheral blood T lymphocytes activated by nickel sulfate and mercuric chloride. AB - The phosphorylation of nuclear proteins of peripheral blood T lymphocytes activated by nickel sulfate or mercuric chloride, and from nickel-allergic subjects, was studied in polyacrylamide gel separations of 32P-labeled proteins. With a preincubation period of the metal salts for 48 h, a marked increase of 32P label into nonhistone proteins, especially the 30- to 40-kilodalton region, was found compared to the control cultures. This increase was most pronounced in mercuric-chloride-treated cultures, which also showed an increase in labeling of histone H4. The increase in nuclear protein phosphorylation probably reflects an activation of the lymphocytes. Moreover, the difference in phosphorylation pattern between mercuric-chloride- and nickel-sulfate-activated lymphocytes might be due to different mechanisms of action for polyclonal and monoclonal activators, respectively. PMID- 3258289 TI - Regulation by T cells of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in mouse lung as reflected by mononuclear cells, mast cells and mucus-producing cells. AB - The appearance of mononuclear cells, mast cells and mucus-producing cells in the lung and their linkage to the development of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reactions were studied. Adoptive transfer of immune lymph node cells, spleen cells and serum and in vivo treatment with monoclonal antibodies to L3T4-positive T cells in Balb/c mice were performed to investigate the cellular regulation of the number of mononuclear cells, mast cells and mucus-producing cells in the lung. Immune lymph node cells and, to a lesser extent, immune spleen cells from mice sensitized epicutaneously with picrylchloride transferred DH reactions to the recipients as assessed by ear thickness increase after challenge. Serum from sensitized mice was not able to transfer a DH reaction. Cyclophosphamide treatment of donor mice increased the DH reaction in the recipient mice. Adoptive transfer of immune lymph node cells and spleen cells gave a slight increase in the number of mononuclear cells in the lung of recipient mice compared with controls. This weak accumulation of mononuclear cells in the lungs of recipient mice, however, was not accompanied by a consistent increase in the number of mucus-producing cells and mast cells. The number of spleen cells expressing the L3T4 antigen decreased after in vivo treatment with the monoclonal GK1.5 (anti L3T4) antibody as assessed by immunohistochemistry. This antibody treatment also resulted in an inhibition of the DH reaction and a decrease in the number of mononuclear cells and mucus-producing cells, but not in mast cells in the lung of sensitized and challenged mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258290 TI - Heterophile Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen in ganglioside fractions of human melanoma tissues. AB - Gangliosides were purified from melanoma tissue extracts obtained from 5 patients. GM3 and GD3 were identified as the major components in ganglioside fractions of the melanoma tissues. Following thin-layer chromatography, enzyme immunostaining with Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) antigen-specific chicken antisera demonstrated the presence of NeuGc-neolactotetraosylceramide (H-D5) and NeuGc lacto-N-norhexa-osylceramide (H-D7) in all 5 melanoma extracts. PMID- 3258291 TI - Anti-ovarian carcinoma anti-T3 heteroconjugates or hybrid antibodies induce tumor cell lysis by cytotoxic T-cells. AB - In the perspective of therapeutic in vivo targeting for T-cell attack, the monoclonal antibody (MAb) MOv18, selected for its restricted reactivity with human ovarian carcinoma, and an anti-T3 MAb were used to produce heteroconjugate or hybrid antibodies derived by fusion of relevant hybridomas. Specificity and activity of bispecific MAbs were analyzed by solid-phase RIA, immunofluorescence and a 51Cr-release assay on the ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCA 432, which expresses the relevant tumor-associated antigen, and on several irrelevant tumor cell lines. Both reagents efficiently promoted, at picomolar concentration, target cell lysis by cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) clones. Although the pattern of tumor cell lines which were lysed was wider than that predicted by binding studies, further studies using a double-determinant immunoradiometric assay confirmed the specificity of MAb targeting. Analysis of reagents indicated that the hybrid MAb was superior to the heteroaggregate as far as purification recovery and storage stability were concerned. Besides CTL clones, peripheral blood lymphocytes could also be used as cytolytic effectors, provided that a suitable in vitro activation scheme was used. PMID- 3258292 TI - Dose planning with SPECT. AB - In nuclear medicine imaging, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is used with increasing frequency for studies of different organs. A new approach is to use quantitative SPECT for dose planning in radionuclide therapy. Important parameters to estimate dose planning are described here. PMID- 3258293 TI - Quantitation in 131I-radioimmunotherapy using SPECT. AB - Quantitation from planar imaging and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were compared in phantom studies and in patients receiving therapeutic doses of 131I-labelled anti-CEA. During the reconstruction of the data for SPECT quantitation attenuation correction and a correction for Compton scatter were used. The limitations of both methods were examined using the phantom studies and it was shown that practical SPECT quantitation could be achieved in patients given therapeutic doses of 131I-labelled anti-CEA, and furthermore, that SPECT appeared to give a more accurate estimate of the activity concentration. PMID- 3258294 TI - Lung tumour induction in mice after X-rays and neutrons. AB - Dose-response curves were determined for pulmonary adenomas and adenocarcinomas in mice after single acute doses of 200 kVp X-rays and cyclotron neutrons (E = 7.5 MeV). A serial-killing experiment established that the radiation induces the tumours and does not merely accelerate the appearance of spontanoeus cancers [corrected]. The dose versus incidence (I) of tumours in male and female mice for X-ray doses between 0.25 and 7.5 Gy is 'bell-shaped' and best fitted with a purely quadratic induction and exponential inactivation terms, i.e. I = A + BD2e alpha D. In contrast, the tumour dose-response after 0.1-4.0 Gy of neutrons is best fitted by I = A + BDe-alpha D and is steeply linear less than or equal to 1 Gy, peaks between 1 and 3 Gy and sharply declines at 4.0 Gy. The data for the female mice less than or equal to 1 Gy neutrons are best fitted to the square root of the dose. A major objective of the experiments was to derive neutron RBE values. Because of the differences between the X-ray (quadratic) and neutron (linear) curves, the RBEn will vary inversely with decreasing X-ray dose. The RBE values at 1 Gy of X-rays derived from the B coefficients in the above equations are 7.4 +/- 3.2 (male and female); 8.6 +/- 3.6 (female) and 4.7 +/- 1.8 (male). These are high values and imply even higher values at the doses of interest to radiation protection. If, however, one restricts the analysis to the initial, induction side of the response (less than or equal to 1 Gy neutrons, less than or equal to 3 Gy X-rays) then good linear fits are obtainable for both radiations and indicate neutron RBE values of 7.4 +/- 2.3 for female mice and 4.5 +/- 1.8 for males, and these are independent of dose level. PMID- 3258295 TI - A comparison of the radiation sensitivities of non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic human hybrid cell lines. AB - The radiation sensitivities of two related non-tumorigenic and two related tumorigenic human hybrid cell lines (HeLa x skin fibroblast) have been studied. The data show that the transformation from the non-tumorigenic to the tumorigenic state, which is accompanied by the loss of skin fibroblast chromosomes 11 and 14, is not associated with any major changes in radiation sensitivity. The data do indicate, however, a trend toward a steeper and longer initial slope to the cell survival curve for the tumorigenic cell lines, along with a subsequent reduced ability to accumulate sublethal radiation injury at low doses. Both nontumorigenic and tumorigenic cell lines have the capability of repairing sublethal injury. PMID- 3258296 TI - Effect of the inducers of cellular differentiation and of ionizing radiation on thymus lymphocytes: chromatin degradation and programmed cell death. AB - The cytotoxic response of thymocytes to chemical inducers of differentiation does not represent a non-specific toxic action of these drugs. The death of thymocytes treated with the inducers or with gamma-rays is associated with internucleosomal chromatin fragmentation. All treatments are more effective on the most radiosensitive sub-population of these cells. This subpopulation is characterized by the maximal level of spontaneous DNA lesions. Incubation of thymocytes with the inducers of differentiation raises the level of these lesions. It is suggested that the processes of thymocyte death after the inducer treatment or irradiation and of cellular differentiation have features in common, and the capacity of thymocytes to limit or reverse the potentially lethal effects of these treatments is determined by the level of pre-existing spontaneous DNA lesions. PMID- 3258297 TI - Radioprotective effect of 2-mercaptopropionyl glycine on radiation-induced lipid peroxidation and enzyme release in erythrocytes. AB - gamma-Irradiation of erythrocyte suspensions resulted in lipid peroxidation and enzyme (acetylcholinesterase, AChE) release. The presence of 2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG) during irradiation decreased lipid peroxidation and enzyme (acetylcholinesterase, AChE) release. The presence of 2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG) during irradiation decreased lipid peroxidation and from erythrocytes of high and low concentrations was observed at 480 and 320 Gy, respectively. This implied that the extent of enzyme release is likely to be masked when only a single dose of radiation is used, unless it happens to be an optimum dose. MPG mediated inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enzyme release indicated that lipid peroxidation may induce the breakdown of the phosphatidylinositol/enzyme interaction. Further, the enzyme damage was assigned to the direct and indirect effects of radiation on the enzyme in situ. PMID- 3258298 TI - Dual-function radiation sensitizers and bioreductive drugs: factors affecting cellular uptake and sensitizing efficiency in analogues of RSU 1069. AB - Alkyl aziridine analogues of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer RSU 1069 have been synthesized and one of these, RB 7040, containing the tetramethyl substituted aziridine, is a more efficient sensitizer in vitro than RSU 1069 (Ahmed et al., 1986). The extent to which variation in drug uptake can influence the sensitizing efficiency of RSU 1069 and its analogues has been investigated by determining the cellular uptake of these weakly basic sensitizers as a function of the pH of the extracellular medium (pHe) over the range 5.4-8.4. Following exposure of V79 cells to these agents for 1 h at room temperature, the ratio of intra- to extracellular concentration (Ci/Ce) was near unity at pH 5.4. Increasing pHe to 8.4 resulted in no change in the ratio Ci/Ce for RSU 1069 (pKa = 6.04). In contrast, the values of Ci/Ce increased three-fold for RSU 1165 (pKa = 7.38) and eleven-fold for RB 7040 (pKa = 8.45). Radiosensitization by RSU 1069 showed little dependence on pHe over the range studied, whereas increasing pH caused an apparent increase in sensitizing efficiency of both RSU 1165 and RB 7040. However, when the enhancement ratios for sensitization were normalized to take account of the effect of extracellular pH on drug uptake, efficiency of sensitization was independent of pHe. This study suggests that changes in basicity (pKa) may have wider potential for therapeutic exploitation on the basis of selective tumour uptake for this type of agent. PMID- 3258299 TI - Studies of ionizing radiation as a promoter of neoplastic transformation in vitro. AB - The induction of malignant transformation was examined in a standard promotion protocol in which BALB/3T3 cells were incubated continuously with tritiated water (3HOH) following acute treatment with various doses of either X-rays or benzo(a)pyrene (BP). In no case was there any evidence that protracted exposure to ionizing radiation from 3HOH enhanced the yield of transformants induced by the primary carcinogen over that predicted if the effects of the two agents were additive. PMID- 3258300 TI - Effect of dose rate on cell killing and DNA strand break repair in CHO cells exposed to internal beta-rays from incorporated [3H]thymidine. AB - Survival as well as repair of DNA strand breaks were studied in CHO cells after exposure to internal beta-rays from incorporated [3H]thymidine at 4 degrees C (equivalent to an exposure at 'infinitely high' dose rate) and at 37 degrees C (low dose rate). DNA strand breaks were determined by the alkaline unwinding technique. In cells exposed at 4 degrees C cell killing was five times higher (Do = 250 decays per cell) than in cells exposed at 37 degrees C (Do = 1280 decays per cell). Strand breaks induced by 3H decay at 37 degrees C were repaired with the same kinetics as those generated at 4 degrees C. Therefore the different degrees of cell killing at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C cannot be attributed to a difference in the repair kinetics for DNA strand breaks. PMID- 3258301 TI - The response of the International Commission on Radiological Protection to calls for a reduction in the dose limits for radiation workers and members of the public. PMID- 3258302 TI - Pulmonary complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is becoming an increasingly important public health problem. This article concerns the pulmonary complications of AIDS, both infectious and neoplastic. After a brief historical introduction, the pathophysiologic mechanisms are presented, followed by a description of the clinical manifestations of AIDS and its pulmonary complications. PMID- 3258303 TI - An exploratory study of the coronary artery bypass graft surgery experience. AB - The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of patients who have had coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGS). Semistructured interviews using descriptive and contrast questions were done with a convenience sample of five married Anglo men. The sampling frame spanned time from 4 days to 3 years after surgery. Three informants were interviewed twice. The transcribed interviews were subjected to content analysis. With the experience of coronary artery surgery, the informants moved from health and independence to illness and dependence. Considering the transition to dependence, informants described aspects of personal control and interpersonal confidence. Considering perceptions during dependence, informants described surviving the surgery, coming to awareness, sensing physical injury, and sensing the surroundings. Understanding patients' views on the experience of CABGS can make nursing care planning and delivery more focused and deliberate. The study provides a preliminary basis for continued research toward a conceptual model of CABGS patients' experiences. PMID- 3258304 TI - Targeting radiopharmaceuticals: comparative biodistribution studies of gallium and indium complexes of multidentate ligands. AB - New multidentate ligands with structures similar to N,N'-bis[2 hydroxybenzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) and N,N' bis(pyridoxyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (PLED) were synthesized. The in vitro lipophilicity, electrophoretic behavior, and the in vitro biodistribution were studied for the 111In- and 67, 68Ga-complexes of N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-3,5 dimethylbenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (Me4HBED); N,N'-bis(5-t-butyl-2 hydroxy-3-methylbenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diac eti c acid (t-butyl HBED); N,N' bis[2-hydroxy-5-sulfobenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (SHBED); N,N' bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl)ethylenediamine-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) -N'-acetic acid (HBMA); and N,N'-bis(5-deoxypyridoxyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (DPLED). The biodistribution of the radiometal complexes were carried out in rats and an imaging study was performed in a non-human primate. The rapid clearance of the lipophilic complexes from blood and through the hepatobiliary system was easily demonstrated; as well, the hydrophilic complexes were cleared rapidly through the urinary tract. Positron emission tomographic images were generated from a study in a primate after administration of 68Ga-t-butyl HBED. These images well demonstrate the efficient liver accumulation and rapid hepatobiliary clearance (less than 1 h) and well differentiate images of the liver and gall bladder. PMID- 3258305 TI - N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-spiperone: the preferred 18F labeled spiperone analog for positron emission tomographic studies of the dopamine receptor. AB - The ligands currently used for PET studies of the dopamine receptor are fluorine 18-labeled spiperone (FSp) and carbon-11 or fluorine-18-labeled N-methyl spiperone. All three of these ligands have drawbacks in either their chemical preparation or their biological behavior. We have previously prepared a series of N-fluoroalkyl-spiperone derivatives which are simple to prepare in high radiochemical yield. N-[18F]fluoropropyl-spiperone (3-F-Pr-Sp) and N [18F]fluoroethyl-spiperone (2-F-Et-Sp) were the most promising ligands. In vitro competitive binding studies showed affinities for the dopamine receptor of 3-F-Pr Sp greater than FSp greater than 2-F-Et-Sp. Brain extraction studies in a primate model showed that FSp, 2-F-Et-Sp, and 3-F-Pr-Sp were not completely extracted by the brain. High bone uptake and kidney clearance was observed with 3-F-Pr-Sp, while 2-F-Et-Sp cleared through the intestine in rats. This is in contrast to FSp where clearance is through the kidney. Studies to evaluate the extraction of metabolites in the brain were carried out by administering large doses (10 mCi) of FSp, 2-F-Et-Sp and 3-F-Pr-Sp to rats and reinjecting the metabolites in blood into other rats. These experiments showed that less than 0.02% of the metabolites from FSp and 3-F-Pr-Sp entered the brain, while 0.5% of the metabolites from 2-F Et-Sp entered the brain. The majority of the activity present in the cerebellum after the administration of 2-F-Et-Sp is metabolites; therefore 2-F-Et-Sp is unsuitable for PET imaging studies. PET imaging studies in baboons and in one normal human volunteer with 3-F-Pr-Sp showed a high striatum-to-cerebellum ratio, showing that 3-F-Pr-Sp can replace ligands currently in use to study dopamine receptors. PMID- 3258306 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoassay of serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity for the diagnosis of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. AB - Concentrations of serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) measured by radioimmunoassay were low (less than 1.9 micrograms/L) in 25 dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), compared with 100 clinically normal (control) dogs (5.2 to 34.0 micrograms/L; P less than 0.001; sensitivity, 100%). Serum TLI concentrations (5.5 to 35.0 micrograms/L) in a group of 50 dogs with small intestinal disease (SID) were not significantly different from those of control dogs, values being greater than the lower limit of the control range in all cases (specificity, 100%). Results of bentiromide (N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid [BT-PABA]) tests and fecal proteolytic activity (determined by use of an azocasein substrate) were abnormal in 21 of 22 dogs with EPI (sensitivity, 95%). Bentiromide test results were subnormal in 13 of 35 dogs with SID (specificity, 63%), whereas fecal proteolytic activity was subnormal in 7 of 34 dogs with SID (specificity, 79%). It was concluded that assay of serum TLI is a highly sensitive and specific test for the identification of dogs with EPI. PMID- 3258307 TI - The activities of the NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase from ascites tumor cells are kinetically independent. AB - The bifunctional NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase from ascites tumor cells has very different kinetic properties from the larger NADP-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase present in all mammalian cells. The NAD dependent dehydrogenase is unique in that it requires formation of a magnesium.enzyme complex to allow addition of the first substrate, NAD+. It catalyzes an equilibrium ordered kinetic mechanism that has methylenetetrahydrofolate as the last reactant to add and NADH as the last product released. The NADP-dependent dehydrogenase has the same order of addition of substrates, but NADPH is released prior to methenyltetrahydrofolate. The dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase activities of both enzymes channel methenyltetrahydropteroylglutamate intermediates with the same efficiency which is unaffected by the number of glutamyl residues in the methylenetetrahydrofolate substrate. However, the cyclohydrolase activity of the bifunctional protein is kinetically independent of its dehydrogenase activity, as supported by its lack of inhibition by NAD+, whereas NADP+ strongly inhibits that of the NADP-dependent enzyme. This difference is further demonstrated by the observation that conversion of formyltetrahydrofolate to methylenetetrahydrofolate in the presence of reduced pyridine nucleotide is catalyzed readily only by the bifunctional enzyme. PMID- 3258308 TI - Biochemical and molecular properties of cisplatin-resistant A2780 cells grown in folinic acid. AB - In this study, A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells were grown in folinic acid in contrast to folic acid, and the molecular and biochemical properties of cisplatin resistant A2780 cells were analyzed for changes in the dTMP synthase cycle. At concentrations of folinic acid that were optimal for cell growth (10(-8) M), the ED50 for cisplatin was 2.5 and 43 microM in the A2780S and A2780DDP cells, respectively. Resistance to cisplatin was associated with a 2-fold cross resistance to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and 5-fluorouracil as well as a 3-fold increase in both dTMP synthase activity and mRNA. The ED50 for methotrexate was similar in both A2780S and A2780DDP cells (1.2 microM). When both the A2780S and A2780DDP cells were grown in folinic acid, there was no significant difference in the level of dihydrofolate reductase activity. This data would suggest that cisplatin resistance is associated with changes in folate metabolism. PMID- 3258309 TI - The reduction of animal usage by the application of indirect haemagglutination in the potency testing of diphtheria toxoid in combined vaccines. AB - Eight Adsorbed Diphtheria-Tetanus vaccines and 13 Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccines made by four different manufacturers were tested for the potency of the diphtheria components in guinea-pigs by the method of British Pharmacopoeia (1973). Two-hundred-and-ten guinea-pig sera consisting of ten sera related to each vaccine sample thus obtained were titrated for diphtheria antitoxin by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and the conventional toxin neutralization (TN) tests. Statistical analysis of the results showed a good correlation between the titres obtained with the two tests. The potencies of the diphtheria components of various vaccines calculated from the antitoxin content of the respective guinea pig sera titrated by the IHA test correlated significantly with the potencies obtained from the antitoxin content titrated by the routinely used TN test. The use of IHA in place of the TN test thus offers as an alternative that permits a reduction in animal usage. PMID- 3258310 TI - Folinic acid effect on 5-fluorouracil kinetics in vivo. AB - Synergy of folinic acid and FU has been shown in several experimental systems. In the present study we examined the kinetics of concurrent administration of folinic acid on the kinetics of FU in an in vivo model. Folinic acid significantly increased the amount of FU bound to the TS complex. In the sequential combination of MTX and FU folinic acid had no additional effect. The amount of FU incorporated into RNA was not affected in any of the treatment groups. The results indicate that folinic acid may improve FU cytotoxicity by increased FU binding to TS but has no additional effect on the synergistic sequential MTX-FU combination. PMID- 3258312 TI - Direct visualization and quantitative analysis of epidermal growth factor-induced receptor clustering. AB - Several observations have indicated that clustering of growth factor receptors plays an important role in the action of growth factors. In this investigation, we have used the label fracture method to study the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the lateral distribution of its receptors in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. This method allows a direct visualization of immunogold-labeled plasma membrane receptors on ultrastructural level and in addition permits an quantitative analysis of their lateral distribution. EGF receptors were immunogold-labeled according to standard procedures with the monoclonal anti-EGF receptor antibody 2E9 (IgG1), which binds to the EGF receptor in a 1:1 ratio. In the absence of EGF, EGF receptors located on the surface of A431 cells were found to be clustered, as deduced from Poisson variance analysis (p less than 0.001). Following treatment of A431 cells with EGF, receptor clustering increased rapidly, reaching the maximum within 10 min. Maximal clustering was maintained for 1 h, after which the lateral distribution of receptors returned to the control situation within another hour. PMID- 3258311 TI - Characterization of the rebinding of 125I-epidermal growth factor released from BALB/c-3T3 cells following accumulation in the presence of chloroquine. AB - Lysosomotropic amines, such as chloroquine and methylamine, increase the intracellular accumulation of 125I-EGF by inhibiting lysosomal degradation. It has been shown previously that BALB/c-3T3 cells, prelabeled at 4 degrees C with 125I-EGF for 3 h and subsequently chased at 37 degrees C in the presence of chloroquine, internalized the surface bound 125I-EGF which was subsequently released into the extracellular medium in a high molecular weight form which co migrated with native 125I-EGF. The secreted 125I-EGF rebound to the cells from which it was released more efficiently than does peptide in the extracellular media. We now show that when the BALB/c-3T3 cells were prelabeled at 37 degrees C for 2 h in the presence of chloroquine, the internalized 125I-EGF released into the medium was in a high molecular weight form which co-migrated with native 125I EGF and did not rebind anymore efficiently than did peptide in the extracellular media. This lack of rebinding was not due to an alteration in the 125I-EGF molecule since it was still capable of rebinding to naive A431 cells, nor was it due to the exhaustion of EGF receptors on the BALB/c-3T3 cells. The inhibition of rebinding was observed only when the cells were treated with EGF in the presence of chloroquine, and was not due to a general down-regulation of membrane receptors. The differences between the rebinding of 125I-EGF at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C suggest that EGF may be processed via different pathways in the cell. PMID- 3258313 TI - Loss of three major auto phosphorylation sites in the EGF receptor does not block the mitogenic action of EGF. AB - The EGF receptor cDNA has been transfected into receptor-negative Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A mutant cell line (CHO 11) was isolated that expresses a receptor of lower molecular weight than the EGF receptor from A431 cells (150,000 daltons compared to 170,000 daltons) and which appeared as a doublet on SDS-PAGE. By digestion of the receptor with endoglycosidase F it was shown that an altered pattern of glycosylation could not account for the smaller size of the protein, although it could explain the appearance of the CHO 11 receptor as a doublet protein. A deletion was located to the transfected cDNA and shown to involve the removal of coding sequences for the most C-terminal 20,000 daltons of the EGF receptor, which contains the three major autophosphorylation sites. Despite the loss of these sites the EGF receptor from CHO 11 cells binds EGF, demonstrates protein tyrosine kinase activity in response to EGF, and transduces a mitogenic signal. The CHO 11 receptor protein is still autophosphorylated on alternative tyrosine residues. We conclude that phosphorylation of the three tyrosines (P1, P2, and P3) in the C-terminal domain of the receptor is not required for signal transduction by the EGF receptor in these cells. PMID- 3258314 TI - Normalization of epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor production in drug resistant variants derived from adenovirus transformed cells. AB - Variants (G2, G5) resistant to the cancer chemotherapeutic drug methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) were isolated from adenovirus type 2 transformed rat brain cells (F4; Sircar et al., 1987). Although at least one of these variants continued to express the adenovirus Ela and Elb transforming proteins, they both exhibited a detransformed phenotype as witnessed by flat morphology, loss of anchorage independent growth, and tumor forming capacity. Reverse transformation suggested the possibility of changes in growth factor receptors and the production of transforming growth factors. To test this possibility, we investigated the status of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF-r) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) production in F4, G2 and G5 cells. The level of 125I-labeled EGF binding to intact drug resistant cells increased by 2- to 3-fold compared to the transformed parental cell. Scatchard analysis suggests that increased binding was the result of increased receptor levels rather than altered affinity of receptor for ligand. The production of growth factors which compete with 125I-labeled EGF binding declined in the detransformed G2 and G5 cells to a level intermediate between transformed (F4) and normal cells (FR3T3). EGF-receptor increase and the complementary decrease in growth factor production in the drug resistant variants may be associated with detransformation. PMID- 3258316 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia by simultaneous radioimmunoassay of 21-deoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in amniotic fluid. AB - Amniotic fluid levels of 21-deoxycortisol (21-DOF) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP) were measured in 49 pregnancies, including 31 pregnancies at risk for CAH. The results were compared with those obtained by HLA typing and linkage analysis to a HLA DNA probe. The mean amniotic fluid levels in the control pregnancies were 0.28 nmol/L for 21-DOF and 4.1 nmol/L for 17-OHP. The levels were similar in early and midpregnancy for 21-DOF (0.29 vs. 0.27 nmol/L) and 17-OHP (3.4 vs. 4.2 nmol/L). The amniotic fluid 21-DOF level was 1.75 nmol/L in affected pregnancies, significantly higher than in the control pregnancies (mean, 0.28 nmol/L). The mean amniotic fluid 17-OHP level in the affected pregnancies (30.5 nmol/L) also was significantly higher than that in the control pregnancies (4.10 nmol/L). Simultaneous measurement of 21-DOF and 17-OHP levels in amniotic fluid from 10-18 weeks of gestation can be used for early diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 3258317 TI - Idiopathic scoliosis: a clinical, morphometric, and histopathological correlation. AB - At the time of spinal fusion, muscle biopsies were taken from both the convex and concave side at the apex of the curve from 27 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Histochemical and morphometric studies showed generally small and atrophic type 1 muscle fibers on both sides, with preservation of the normal type 1 predominance. The most striking abnormality was a type 2A predominance over type 2B fibers, the reverse of normal in the paraspinous muscle. These changes showed no correlation with sex, age, or electrical stimulation but showed a significantly greater severity with the duration and severity of the curve. We conclude that these changes are a secondary muscle adaptation to the curve and not its primary etiology. PMID- 3258315 TI - Trans-stimulation of L-system amino acid transport in normal and chronic leukemic human lymphocytes: phorbol ester restores function in CLL. AB - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-lymphocytes have a unique and specific diminution of L-system (leucine favoring) amino acid uptake; the maximal velocity is approximately 10% of normal B-lymphocytes. Treatment of CLL B-cells with the maturational agent, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, results in restoration of L system amino acid uptake to normal velocity. To further characterize the effect of phorbol ester on the L-system of CLL B-cells, we have examined the ability of normal and CLL lymphocytes to exchange intracellular for extracellular amino acids by the L-system (trans-stimulation). A 60% increase in L-system uptake was noted in normal B- and T-lymphocytes in the presence of a high intracellular concentration of 2-amino-2-carboxy-bicycloheptane (BCH), a largely L-system specific substrate. L-system transport was not trans-stimulated in CLL B lymphocytes. Phorbol ester treatment restored L-system uptake in CLL to a normal Vmax of 900 mumol/liter cell water per minute in the absence of BCH loading. The Vmax could be increased further to 2,400 if phorbol ester-treated CLL cells were loaded with BCH. Hence, phorbol esters result not only in a normalization of L system uptake in CLL B-cells but the transport system demonstrates exchange rates comparable to normal lymphocytes. PMID- 3258318 TI - Epidermal growth factor-like, corneal wound healing substance in mouse tears. AB - We have identified the presence of a putative corneal wound healing substance in mouse tears, which has a molecular size and immunological properties similar to those of epidermal growth factor (EGF). The substance was capable of binding to EGF receptors in mouse parenchymal cells and this binding was inhibited by anti EGF serum. The concentration of the EGF-like substance in the tears of male and female mice was estimated to be 79.3 +/- 7.0 (SD) ng/ml and 76.5 +/- 8.1 (SD) ng/ml, respectively, by EGF radioimmunoassay. Removal of the submandibular glands, which produce large amounts of EGF, reduced plasma EGF to an undetectable level and also decreased the concentration of the EGF-like substance in tears to 27.3 +/- 3.9 (SD) ng/ml in male mice and 25.8 +/- 3.7 (SD) ng/ml in female mice. Approximately 50% of sialoadenectomized (submandibular glands removed) male mice with deep corneal wounds developed severe ocular lesions or loss of sight whereas none of normal male mice with similar wounds did. Topical application of EGF to deeply wounded eyes of sialoadenectomized mice eliminated the various complications and restored the healing rate and incidence of recovery to virtually normal levels. PMID- 3258321 TI - Changes of cerebral blood flow, and oxygen and glucose metabolism following radiochemotherapy of gliomas: a PET study. AB - The effects of radiochemotherapy on blood flow, blood volume, and consumption of oxygen and glucose in tumor tissue and normal brain were studied by positron emission tomography. Thirteen patients with cerebral gliomas were included, and they were examined before, during, and within approximately 1 month after the therapy. The 15O-labeled gas steady state inhalation and the 18F fluorodeoxyglucose methods were used. After the therapy, glucose consumption and blood volume decreased (p less than 0.03) in the tumoral tissue. In the structurally (CT) normal gray matter, blood flow, blood volume, and oxygen consumption did not show any significant changes; oxygen extraction fraction, glucose consumption, and glucose extraction fraction, however, decreased significantly (p less than 0.05, less than 0.02, and less than 0.03, respectively). PMID- 3258319 TI - Interleukin 1 induces a shock-like state in rabbits. Synergism with tumor necrosis factor and the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition. AB - In addition to activating T and B lymphocytes, interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces several hematologic and metabolic changes typical of host responses to infection and injury. We now report a new biological property, namely, the induction of hypotension. Rabbits given a single intravenous injection of recombinant human IL 1-beta (5 micrograms/kg) rapidly developed decreased systemic arterial pressure, which reached the lowest levels after 50-60 min and slowly returned to pre-IL-1 values after 3 h. Associated with the hypotension, systemic vascular resistance and central venous pressure fell, while cardiac output and heart rate increased. These responses were prevented by ibuprofen given 15 min before the IL-1. A bolus injection of IL-1 followed by a 2-h infusion sustained the hypotension and was associated with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Ibuprofen given at the mid-point of the infusion reversed the changes in all hemodynamic parameters, but had no effect on the leukopenia or thrombocytopenia. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) also induced a shock-like state in rabbits. When the dose of IL-1 or TNF was reduced to 1 microgram/kg, no hemodynamic changes were observed; however, the combination of these low doses of both cytokines resulted in a profound shock-like state including histological evidence of severe pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. Pretreatment with ibuprofen prevented the hemodynamic, leukocyte, and platelet changes induced by the low-dose cytokine combination, and ameliorated the pulmonary tissue damage. These results demonstrate that IL-1, like TNF, possesses the ability to induce hemodynamic and hematological changes typical of septic shock, and that the combination of IL-1 and TNF is more potent than either agent alone. These effects seem to require cyclooxygenase products, and suggest that intravenous cyclooxygenase inhibitors may be of therapeutic value in patients with IL-1/TNF-mediated shock. PMID- 3258320 TI - Vitamin D deficiency and low osteocalcin concentrations in anorexia nervosa. AB - The calcium, vitamin D, and osteocalcin concentrations were investigated in 17 patients with anorexia nervosa. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) concentrations below normal were observed in 15 (88%); only two patients has serum 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D) concentrations below normal. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration was also normal in all except these two patients. Serum osteocalcin concentration was below normal in seven of 14 patients. Although a low concentration of serum 25 OHD is common in patients with anorexia nervosa in the United Kingdom, 1,25(OH)2D concentrations are usually normal. Hypovitaminosis D with secondary hyperparathyroidism is relatively uncommon. The subnormal osteocalcin concentrations observed in these patients probably reflect diminished osteoblastic activity, which may contribute to their osteopenia. PMID- 3258322 TI - Anatomical adjustments in brain positron emission tomography using CT images. AB - We have developed a method that allows us to place regions of interest on X-ray CT (XCT) images that are automatically adjusted to positron emission tomography (PET) images from the same patient. A face mask with landmarks was used during PET and XCT studies for matching slice positions between PET and XCT. Anatomical locations in different images of the same slice can be accurately adjusted using the landmarks and a video system. In our clinical experience misadjustments of the slice position are on the average less than 2 mm in axial distance and 1.0 degrees in slice angle. The method is easily applicable to any PET or XCT device. PMID- 3258323 TI - Clinical validity of the relationship between TMJ signs and symptoms in children and youth. AB - Cross-sectional data on subjective symptoms and clinical signs of TMJ dysfunction were collected from 1342 subjects ranging in age from 6 to 17 years old. Statistically significant associations existed between certain symptoms and signs (p less than .0001); however, these associations lacked correspondence as indicated by the sensitivity (from 2 percent to 40 percent) and false-positive rates (52 percent to 77 percent) of the symptom-related interview questions. These findings do not support drawing valid clinical conclusions from cross sectional sign and symptom studies of TMJ dysfunction in children. PMID- 3258324 TI - Solitary lymphoma on the ear. PMID- 3258325 TI - Triple vessel coronary artery endarterectomy and reconstruction: results in 144 patients. AB - Coronary artery endarterectomy and reconstruction are valuable adjuncts to conventional bypass surgery when attempting to revascularize "diffusely" diseased coronary arteries. One hundred forty-four consecutive patients were operated on through February 1986, all of whom required endarterectomy and reconstruction of the left anterior descending, left circumflex and right coronary arteries. There were 130 men (90%), ranging in age from 29 to 83 years (average 55.8), whose left ventricular ejection fraction ranged from 0.20 to 0.75 (average 0.54). One hundred thirty-one patients (91%) had angina preoperatively, which was Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III or IV in 85 (59%). Fifteen operations (10%) were repeat procedures. All operations were performed using intermittent ischemic arrest. There was an average of 5.0 grafts per patient (range 3 to 8), with an average of 3.8 endarterectomized vessels per patient (range 3 to 7). There were 14 surgical deaths (10%), all cardiac in origin. Statistically significant (p less than 0.01) risk factors for increased operative mortality included repeat surgery, ejection fraction less than or equal to 0.30 and age greater than or equal to 70 years. The operative mortality rate in 106 low risk patients (male gender, age less than 70 years, ejection fraction greater than 0.30, first operation) was 3.8% (4 patients). Nonfatal complications included 13 perioperative myocardial infarctions (10%). Long-term follow-up data are available for all 102 surviving patients for an average of 30 months (range 7 to 92). There were 12 late deaths 1 to 52 months postoperatively. The 5 year actuarial survival rate is 71% for the entire group and 87% for the 106 low risk patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258326 TI - Ocular side effects of isotretinoin therapy. AB - Isotretinoin (Accutane Capsules) is a synthetic vitamin A compound used for treatment of recalcitrant cystic acne. It has numerous ocular toxic side effects which include anterior segment inflammation, dry eye syndrome, contact lens intolerance, altered refraction, photosensitivity, and reduced night vision. Eye care practitioners should be aware of these potential side effects and be prepared to communicate with the prescribing physician if side effects present. PMID- 3258327 TI - Evaluation of pulmonary infection in AIDS patients. PMID- 3258328 TI - Differential in vitro activation of CD8-CD4+ and CD4-CD8+ T lymphocytes by combinations of anti-CD2 and anti-CD3 antibodies. AB - Purified peripheral blood T lymphocytes and the CD8-CD4+ and CD4-CD8+ T cell subsets, exhaustively depleted of APC have been studied for their capacity to respond to mAb directed against the CD3-Ti Ag-specific TCR complex and against the CD2 SRBCR. It is demonstrated that high affinity IL-2R can be readily induced by either anti-CD3 and/or anti-CD2 stimulation. However, IL-2 production can be observed only in the CD4+CD8- T cell subset. These results clearly contrast data obtained with purified CD4-CD8+ T cells, which are able to proliferate when the CD3-Ti complex is activated in the presence of APC. The data presented in the present study demonstrate that a simplified model for T cell activation and clonal expansion of the two major T cell subsets involve only the CD3-Ti complex and the CD2 Ag. Under conditions where the activation signals for the T cells are restricted only to the activation of CD3-Ti and CD2, the CD4+CD8- T cells respond with IL-2 production and expression of high affinity IL-2R, whereas the CD4-CD8+ T cell subset depends on exogenous IL-2 provided by the CD4+CD8- cells. These data do not, however, exclude an involvement of other cell-surface signals for regulation and control of T cell activation and T cell effector functions. PMID- 3258330 TI - Hydralazine and procainamide inhibit T cell DNA methylation and induce autoreactivity. AB - Inhibitors of DNA methylation, such as 5-azacytidine, induce gene expression. We have previously reported that cloned T cells treated with 5-azacytidine lose the requirement for Ag and can be activated by autologous HLA-D molecules alone, thus becoming auto-reactive. This phenomenon could potentially mediate an autoimmune disease in vivo. Inasmuch as several drugs are known to cause autoimmune disease, we asked whether they exert the same effects on T cells as 5-azacytidine. We report that hydralazine and procainamide, two drugs associated with a lupus-like autoimmune disease, also inhibit DNA methylation and induce self-reactivity in cloned T cell lines. These results suggest that drug-induced autoimmune disease may be due to activation of as yet unidentified genes through mechanisms involving DNA methylation. PMID- 3258329 TI - Identification of the avian homologues of mammalian CD4 and CD8 antigens. AB - Two mAb were produced against chicken T cells. The CT4 antibody precipitated a polypeptide of Mr 64,000 under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. The CT8 antibody precipitated a molecule of Mr 63,000 under non-reducing conditions and polypeptide chains of Mr 34,000 under reducing conditions, suggesting that the CT8 molecule is a disulfide-linked homodimer. Tissue distribution studies by immunofluorescence revealed that the CT4 and CT8 Ag were expressed by the majority of thymocytes and by subpopulations of CT3+ cells in peripheral tissues. The CT4 reactive molecule was found on approximately 70% of thymocytes, 10% splenocytes, and 45% of lymphoid cells in blood. The CT8 reactive molecule was expressed on approximately 80% of thymocytes, 50% of spleen cells, and 15% of blood lymphocytes. Two-color immunofluorescence indicated that the CT4 and CT8 Ag were expressed together on most thymocytes and on mutually exclusive subsets of cells in the spleen and blood. Ontogenic studies revealed a sharp increase in the frequencies of CT4+ and CT8+ cells in the thymus between days 13 and 16 embryonic life. Both CT4 and CT8 antibodies inhibited PHA- and Con A-induced proliferative responses of splenocytes, and the degree of inhibition correlated with the frequencies of CT4+ and CT8+ lymphoblasts. Treatment of spleen cells with CT4 antibody and inhibited PWM-induced IL-2 production, and removal of CT8+ cells inhibited the cytolytic activity induced by allogeneic lymphocyte stimulation. Macrophages did not express detectable CT4 reactivity. These results suggest that the CD4 and CD8 molecules and their tissue-restricted patterns of expression are highly conserved in birds and mammals. PMID- 3258331 TI - Immunoblot analysis of IgG subclasses of multiple lupus autoantibodies. AB - Sera from 35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were analyzed for the subclass distribution of IgG autoantibodies to saline-soluble intracellular proteins. To assess the response to all Ag, an immunoblot technique was used, and strips were sequentially probed with patient sera, monoclonal anti-subclass sera, and a labeled anti-mouse reagent. The relative proportions of each subclass reactive with a specific Ag was determined semi-quantitatively by densitometric scanning. Overall, all of the IgG subclasses were involved in the autoantibody response, although the frequency of detection was highest for IgG1 and lowest for IgG4. When the subclass responses to different Ag were compared, IgG1 was the major subclass reactive with the Ro, La, and U1 ribonucleoprotein Ag, whereas IgG1 and IgG2 were almost equally represented in the responses to the Sm BB' and D Ag as well as to the ribosomal P proteins. Individual patient sera frequently showed discordance between the dominant subclass reactive against apparently unrelated proteins and even against proteins within the same antigenic particle (e.g., the Sm BB' and D proteins). These observations indicate that there are two major patterns of subclass response to the common lupus autoantigens but that considerable variation between patients and even within the same patient (to different Ag) occurs. PMID- 3258332 TI - Mechanisms regulating the level of IL-2 mRNA in T lymphocytes. AB - IL-2 mRNA has a t1/2 of 1 to 2 h in T lymphocyte cell lines and in activated human PBL. Human Jurkat cells show a rapid increase of IL-2 mRNA on induction of IL-2 synthesis, followed by an equally rapid decline 4 to 6 h later. The decline occurs despite a high rate of synthesis, and appears to be due to an enhanced rate of IL-2 mRNA degradation. The degradation of IL-2 mRNA is selectively sensitive to cycloheximide and actinomycin D, inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis, respectively. IL-2 mRNA levels in mouse EL4.E1 T lymphoma cells, and in activated human PBL, decline rapidly on removal of the inducing agents, indicating that transcription continues only as long as the activating signal is present. The transience of IL-2 mRNA is seen as an important property of a transiently acting immunoregulatory factor. PMID- 3258333 TI - Human pro-IL-1 beta gene expression in monocytic cells is regulated by two distinct pathways. AB - We have previously reported that the pro-IL-1 beta gene is transiently expressed in THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells after stimulation with bacterial LPS. Herein we show differential pro-IL-1 beta gene transcription in the same cell type using two distinct stimuli. This transcriptional difference is also reflected at the level of intracellular IL-1 beta protein production. In contrast to LPS, a phorbol ester (PMA) induces a stable, non-transient population of mRNA. Furthermore, each induction pathway is operational under conditions where the other is inhibited, suggesting functional independence. Evidence is presented for post-transcriptional regulation of the two responses in THP-1 cells at the level of mRNA stability. We also demonstrate a similar dualistic response in primary monocyte-derived human macrophages as well as the human myelocytic cell line HL 60. PMID- 3258334 TI - The expression and modulation of IL-1 alpha in murine keratinocytes. AB - Murine and human keratinocytes produce an IL-1-like factor that appears to be similar if not identical to monocyte-derived IL-1. IL-1 may be an important mediator in cutaneous inflammatory responses, however, little is currently known concerning factors that may modulate IL-1 expression in keratinocytes. To address this issue we examined the effect of LPS, UV, and the cell differentiation state on murine keratinocyte IL-1 mRNA expression. Our results indicated that as with the murine P388D1 monocyte cell line, PAM 212 keratinocytes constitutively express abundant amounts of IL-1 alpha mRNA. On exposure to LPS (100 micrograms/ml) for 8 h there was more than 10 times the increase in PAM 212 IL-1 alpha mRNA which was accompanied by a sixfold increase in supernatant IL-1 activity. Similarly UV irradiation had a significant effect on keratinocyte IL-1 alpha expression. High dose UV (300 mJ/cm2) inhibited PAM 212 IL-1 alpha expression at 4, 8, 24, 48 h post-UV whereas a lower dose of UV (100 mJ/cm2) inhibited UV at 4 and 8 h post-UV, but induced IL-1 expression at 24 and 48 h post-UV. The expression of IL-1 alpha varied with the differentiation state of the keratinocytes. Freshly removed newborn murine keratinocytes were found to constitutively express IL-1 alpha mRNA. Keratinocytes grown in low [Ca2+] tissue culture media (0.05 mM) for 6 days, functionally and phenotypically become undifferentiated and express increased quantities of IL-1 alpha mRNA, whereas cells grown in high [Ca2+] media (1.2 mM) for 6 days become terminally differentiated and IL-1 expression ceased. Keratinocytes cultured for 3 days in low [Ca2+] conditions expressed an intermediate level of IL-1 alpha. In contrast, little or no IL-1 beta mRNA was detected in either the PAM 212 cells or newborn murine keratinocytes. Thus LPS, UV, and cell differentiation state have a significant effect on expression of IL-1 alpha in murine keratinocytes. PMID- 3258335 TI - Phosphorylation of intracellular precursors of human IL-1. AB - The human IL-1 molecules (IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta) are post-translationally cleaved from 31-kDa precursor to 18-kDa biologically active molecules. During the course of studies of post-translational modifications of human IL-1, we have observed that although LPS induced the production of both intracellular IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in human monocytes, [32P]orthophosphate labeling of these cells revealed that intracellular precursor of IL-1 alpha (pre-IL-1 alpha) to be phosphorylated at least 10-fold more than intracellular pre-IL-1 beta. However, no 32P-incorporation could be detected in the 18-kDa processed IL-1 alpha and IL 1 beta. Analysis by TLC revealed that the major phosphorylation site occurred at serine residue(s). The 32P was incorporated into multiply cleaved precursors of IL-1 alpha, which appeared in the absence of protease inhibitors. Since the smallest Mr pre-IL-1 alpha that was labeled with 32P was 22 kDa, the phosphorylated serine residue is presumably located adjacent to a sequence of four basic amino acids located in the 4-kDa region at the amino terminus of the 22-kDa precursor of IL-1 alpha. This serine residue might also be a major phosphorylation site for a cAMP-dependent protein kinase. This hypothesis was substantiated by the demonstration that a synthetic peptide analogue of this region (residue 84 to 112) could be similarly phosphorylated in vitro by a cAMP dependent protein kinase. Furthermore, a truncated pre-IL-1 alpha (residue 64 to 271) and a "fusion" protein containing staphylococcal protein A and an amino terminal half-portion of pre-IL-1 alpha (residue 1 to 112), but not mature IL-1 alpha (residue 113 to 271), could also be phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. There is no comparable amino acid sequence in IL-1 beta which could be expected to be phosphorylated by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The physiologic relevance of phosphorylation of pre-IL-1 alpha was investigated. The data showed that phosphorylation of truncated pre-IL-1 alpha greatly enhanced its susceptibility to digestion by trypsin and promoted the conversion of pre-IL-1 alpha to the more biologically active IL-1. Although the precise role of the rather selective phosphorylation of pre-IL-1 alpha is not known, our findings do suggest that the phosphorylation of serine close to dibasic/tetrabasic amino acid sequence functions to facilitate the processing and/or release of IL-1 alpha. PMID- 3258336 TI - Leukotriene C4 produced by a human T-T hybridoma suppresses Ig production by human lymphocytes. AB - Multiple signals are involved in the regulation of Ig production by human B lymphocytes. Leukotrienes, especially LTB4, have been shown to inhibit Ig production by increasing the number and function of suppressor lymphocytes. Production of leukotrienes has been demonstrated by mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. In this paper we demonstrate that a human T-T hybridoma grown at 5 x 10(5) cells/ml constitutively produces 5 ng/ml of LTC4. Furthermore, we demonstrate that either the supernatant from this hybridoma containing 0.5 to 10 ng/ml LTC4 or purified LTC4 in the range of 0.5 to 5 ng/ml can suppress 50 to 70% of Ig production by unfractionated human mononuclear cells, by normal human cells stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and B cell differentiation factors, and by the EBV transformed B cell line SKW.6 in the presence of B cell differentiation factors. Thus, LTC4 can have direct effects on B cells and may have a role in normal B cell regulation. PMID- 3258337 TI - Increased speed and sensitivity, and reduced sample size of a micro radioallergosorbent test (MRAST). AB - Performance of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) in small volumes (MRAST) increases the efficiency with which both IgE antibody and 125I-anti-IgE bind. The rate at which antibody binds is increased up to 290-fold so that the assay can be completed in 60 min with comparable sensitivity to RAST. The increased speed of binding is achieved by the use of small incubation volumes which does not affect the rate at which bound antibody is dissociated. The resulting change in the equilibrium in favour of antibody binding yields a 10-fold increase in sensitivity which makes it possible to use as little as 5 microliter of sample compared with 50 microliter which is normal for RAST. MRAST can be used to measure IgE antibody in heel prick blood samples taken from babies, in rat sera and in other situations where the sample is in short supply. PMID- 3258338 TI - The influence of culture conditions and serum lipids on interleukin-1 production by human monocytes. AB - Reliable assessment of IL-1 production by human monocytes is critically dependent on the methods for isolation and culture of these cells. In the present study, the quality of pipettes and the preparation of Ficoll-Isopaque appear to be crucial for IL-1 production from both LPS-stimulated and unstimulated monocytes. Different brands and lots of polystyrene culture wells give rise to great variation in IL-1 production. When carefully prepared, hydrophobic teflon membranes, to which mononuclear phagocytes poorly adhere, are used as the culture substrate, stimulation of IL-1 production is observed. The HLA DR3 haplotype of the monocyte donors did not influence IL-1 production. The addition of normal human AB serum to the cultures usually increases IL-1 production, although strong inhibition of both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated IL-1 production was also observed after addition of a diet-induced hyperlipemic AB serum. This inhibition was not due to cholesterol, chylomicrons, high- or low-density lipoproteins. When monocytes were cultured at different temperatures, the only abnormality found was a decrease of cell-associated IL-1 at 41 degrees C. PMID- 3258339 TI - Measurement of cytotoxicity by target cell release and retention of the fluorescent dye bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). AB - In order to utilize a newly available scanning microfluorimeter for lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity assays, a number of commercially available fluorescent dyes were compared for their suitability as target cell markers. One of them, bis carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCEFCF), was useful for assays with about 10(4) target cells and showed substantially less spontaneous leakage than other fluorescein derivatives, while still leaking more rapidly than 51Cr. For short cytotoxicity incubations (less than 2 h) with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), the corrected percentage BCECF release into the supernatant parallels that of 51Cr. For 4 h assays cytotoxicity could be quantitated by measuring the BCECF retained by target cells. Using human CTL and natural killer (NK) cells as effectors, with a variety of lymphoid cells and fibroblasts as targets in 4 h assays, the BCECF retention technique was found to give cytotoxicity values comparable to the 51Cr release assay. Cytotoxicity assays measuring BCECF fluorescence in microtiter wells with the scanning microfluorimeter offer advantages of safety, economy, and processing time compared with the 51Cr release assay. PMID- 3258340 TI - Immunocytochemical detection of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation in individual cells. AB - 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) is a thymidine analogue which can be used to detect DNA synthesis in cells. The present paper describes a method for the fixation and DNA denaturation of cells that affects neither the morphology of the cells not their adhesion to a glass surface. The cells were fixed in absolute ethanol and glacial acetic acid followed by gradual rehydration. Denaturation of DNA was achieved by very brief exposure of the cells to low pH, followed by heating to high temperature and rapid cooling. Incorporation of BrdUrd was assessed from the binding of monoclonal antibody to BrdUrd in single-stranded DNA as detected with an immunocytochemical method. This method makes it possible to demonstrate BrdUrd labeling of individual, morphologically identifiable cells. The results obtained with this method correspond well with the autoradiographic data on [3H]thymidine incorporation. PMID- 3258341 TI - A modified competitive inhibition radioimmunoassay for the detection of C3a. Use of 125I-C3 instead of 125I-C3a. AB - Levels of C3a in plasma are currently measured by a competitive inhibition radioimmunoassay (RIA) in which 125I-C3a is used as a tracer. In this paper, we describe a modification of this RIA: 125I-C3 instead of 125I-C3a is used. The lower limit of detection of this modified RIA is 6 ng of C3a per ml of plasma (i.e. 0.66 nmol/l). This RIA, performed with polyclonal anti-C3a antibodies coupled to a solid phase, appeared to be 30 times more sensitive compared with an RIA in which a monoclonal antibody against C3a is used. In vitro activation of the complement system in serum by aggregated IgG, zymosan, and cobra venom factor resulted in the generation of significant amounts of C3a. Assessment of the C3a levels by the modified RIA in serial plasma samples from patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass, yielded results very similar to those described in the literature for the established C3a-RIA. Thus, the modified C3a-RIA offers a convenient alternative for the detection of C3a in plasma samples. PMID- 3258342 TI - Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection and red cell hypoplasia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - During a period of 14 months in 1985 and 1986, infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) complex was diagnosed in 10 of 76 patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-associated infection. In eight of the 10 patients, the infection was disseminated. All eight patients were anaemic. A bone marrow aspirate and/or trephine biopsy performed in six of them revealed evidence of red cell hypoplasia. MAI was cultured from all six samples of bone marrow. The strains of MAI isolated were resistant to conventional antituberculous drugs but were susceptible in vitro to ansamycin, ethionamide and cycloserine. None of the eight patients responded clinically to antituberculous therapy. The eight anaemic patients had pronounced constitutional symptoms. We suggest that severe anaemia and constitutional symptoms in patients with HIV-associated disease should prompt a search for evidence of disseminated MAI infection. PMID- 3258343 TI - Meningitis due to a strain of Haemophilus influenzae type f with intermediate susceptibility to ampicillin. PMID- 3258344 TI - The development of the chymotryptic activity during postnatal life using the bentiromide test. AB - The chymotryptic activity was assessed in 40 newborns and infants age 3-180 days using the NBT-PABA test. Nine newborns were studied serially at different age periods. A group of 18 cystic fibrosis patients and a group of 17 healthy children served as pancreatic insufficient and pancreatic sufficient controls, respectively. The results demonstrate a gradual increase with age of chymotryptic activity, approaching the levels of older children at about 180 days. The newborns who were studied serially demonstrated an individual pattern of increase in their chymotryptic activity. In the first days of life, newborns show low chymotryptic activity similar to that found in cystic fibrosis patients. PMID- 3258346 TI - Synergy between tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 in the induction of polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration during inflammation. AB - Endotoxin is a potent inflammatory stimulus and induces polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration into tissues. Macrophage (M phi) derived IL-1 has been proposed as a mediator of this response. TNF alpha is also produced by M phi s in response to endotoxin and both IL-1 and TNF enhance PMNL adhesion to vascular endothelium in vitro. We investigated the activity of recombinant human IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF alpha in inducing PMNL infiltration into the skin of rabbits using a quantitative 51Cr labelled blood leukocyte assay. IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta induced progressive PMNL accumulation, the 50% maximal response being induced by approximately equal to 20 units. In comparison, TNF alpha even at 100,000 U, induced only mild PMNL accumulations, although IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha were similarly active in inducing PMNL adherence to human umbilical vein endothelium. The human TNF alpha preparation was pyrogenic and induced acute, transient neutropenia in rabbits upon i.v. infusion, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TNF alpha are often secreted simultaneously by M phi s, therefore we investigated their action in combination. The combination of IL-1 alpha with IL-1 beta was nearly additive in inducing PMNL accumulation, i.e., 87% of predicted result based on the sum of the responses to individual components. The combination of TNF alpha with either IL-1, each in submaximal doses, resulted in 65-125% greater than the additive response. No such effect was observed when these monokines were injected in combination with PMNL chemotactic stimuli. These results indicate a complex interaction between inflammatory monokines in the regulation of PMNL accumulation in vivo. PMID- 3258345 TI - Immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura in human immunodeficiency virus- seropositive patients with hemophilia. Comparison with patients with classic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, homosexuals with thrombocytopenia, and narcotic addicts with thrombocytopenia. AB - The immunologic platelet profile of 29 patients with hemophilia who had received multiple transfusions (14 had thrombocytopenia) was compared with profiles of 15 patients with classic autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenic hemophiliacs who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (13 out of 14) had platelet-bound immunoglobulin G and C3C4 levels as well as circulating immune complexes that were 15.1-, 4.0-, and 2.4-fold greater, respectively, than normal control subjects' platelets and 3.4-, 2.6-, and 2.4-fold greater, respectively, than autoimmune thrombocytopenic patients' platelets. Hemophiliacs with normal platelet counts (nine out of 13 seropositive) had elevated values that were intermediate in level between those of thrombocytopenic hemophiliacs and those of classic autoimmune thrombocytopenic patients. The four seronegative hemophiliacs had normal values (except for one platelet-bound IgG measurement). An inverse correlation was noted between platelet count and platelet-bound IgG, r = -0.838, P less than 0.001. Serum antiplatelet reactivity (1:256 mean titer compared with control sera) resided predominantly in the 7S IgG fraction, and bound to autologous as well as homologous platelets at concentrations as low as 0.06 to 0.13 mg/ml. F(ab')2 fragments of the 7S IgG fraction inhibited binding of hemophilic IgG to normal platelets and bound to normal platelets at concentrations as low as 0.06 mg/ml. Antiplatelet IgG could be eluted from six of six hemophilic and eight of eight classic autoimmune thrombocytopenic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258347 TI - Correction of progressive idiopathic scoliosis utilizing neuromuscular stimulation and manipulation: a case report. PMID- 3258348 TI - Thyroid and parathyroid-independent increase in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D during late pregnancy in the rat. AB - The effect of thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) on the plasma concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites (25-(OH)D, 24,25-(OH)2D and 1,25-(OH)2D) has been studied in pregnant rats and their fetuses during the last quarter of gestation. Maternal and fetal vitamin D metabolites were not significantly affected by TPTX. A significant increase in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations was observed in both TPTX and control mothers and fetuses from days 19 to 21. Fetal and maternal plasma 25-(OH)D were positively correlated in both control and TPTX groups. Such a correlation was also found for 24,25-(OH)2D in the two groups. In contrast, a positive correlation between maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of 1,25 (OH)2D was found in TPTX but not in control rats. These data suggest that major alterations in calcium metabolism, such as that produced by maternal TPTX, are insufficient to affect the changes in maternal and fetal plasma 1,25-(OH)2D during late pregnancy significantly. They also suggest that parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, and/or calcitonin may control a possible placental transfer of 1,25 (OH)2D in the rat. PMID- 3258349 TI - Glucocorticoid regulates secretion of epidermal growth factor in the human salivary gland adenocarcinoma cell line. AB - The treatment of a human submandibular gland adenocarcinoma cell line (HSG cell line) for 48 h with triamcinolone acetonide (TA; 1-100 nmol/l) reduced the secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in a closely related manner to a maximum of 66%. The reduction in the level of EGF secreted resulted in the suppression of DNA synthesis in the HSG cells to a similar extent. When the cells were incubated with TA and exogenous human EGF (hEGF), DNA synthesis was 1.7-fold higher than that without added hEGF. The removal of EGF by the addition of hEGF antibody reduced DNA synthesis in HSG cell cultures to the same extent as did TA. These results suggest that the growth inhibition of HSG cells by TA is due to the reduction in the amount of EGF secreted. PMID- 3258350 TI - The antitumor function of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) II. Analysis of the role of endogenous TNF in endotoxin-induced hemorrhagic necrosis and regression of an established sarcoma. AB - In agreement with the results of previous studies (1), it was shown that intravenous injection of endotoxin into mice bearing 9-d SA1 sarcoma resulted in a tumor hemorrhagic reaction that rapidly caused necrosis of most of the center of the tumor, and then the complete regression of the rim of living tumor tissue that survived the hemorrhagic reaction. The tumor hemorrhagic reaction was confined to the vascular bed of the tumor, and its rate and extent of development were measured in terms of the intratumor extravasation of 51Cr-labeled syngeneic red cells. The development of the hemorrhagic reaction was associated with the presence in the tumor over a 6-h period of endogenous TNF that was measured in terms of its capacity to kill L929B cells in vitro and identified by its susceptibility to neutralization with a monospecific, polyvalent anti-rTNF antibody. The same antibody was capable in vivo of inhibiting the endotoxin induced tumor hemorrhagic reaction by only approximately 50%, even when present in the tumor in excess. However, it was capable when given in the same quantity of inhibiting the ability of endotoxin to cause complete tumor regression. The fact that TNF was generated in the tumor during the tumor hemorrhagic reaction, and that infusion of a sufficient quantity of anti-rTNF antibody severely interfered with hemorrhagic necrosis and prevented tumor regression represents convincing evidence that TNF is an essential participant in endotoxin-induced regression of an established SA1 sarcoma. Moreover, because tumor regression, as opposed to hemorrhagic necrosis, failed to occur if the tumor was growing in immunoincompetent mice, but did so if the mice were infused with tumor-sensitized T cells, it can be concluded that an adequate level of T cell-mediated immunity is also an essential requirement for endotoxin-induced tumor regression. The participation of other endotoxin-induced mediators in tumor regression cannot be ruled out. PMID- 3258351 TI - The lpr gene causes an intrinsic T cell abnormality that is required for hyperproliferation. AB - The lpr gene induces marked lymphoproliferation characterized by the massive accumulation of T cells of an unusual phenotype and concomitant autoimmune disease. To clarify the mechanism of the lpr effect, bone marrow cells from B6 lpr/lpr (Ly-1.2) and B6-+/+ (Ly-1.1) mice were transferred into lethally irradiated B6-lpr/lpr mice. As has been previously reported, recipients of the B6 lpr/lpr bone marrow showed the typical lpr phenotype with marked lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and increased levels of autoantibodies; while the recipients of B6 +/+ bone marrow had normal sized lymph nodes and spleen and no autoantibodies. A third group of mice received an equal mixture of bone marrow cells from the B6 lpr/lpr and B6-+/+ donors. These mice showed both lymphadenopathy and autoantibody production comparable to that of recipients of the B6-lpr/lpr marrow alone. Immunofluorocytometric analysis of the lymphoid populations in these mixed bone marrow recipients established that the T cells from the lpr/lpr and +/+ donors were equivalently represented in the peripheral blood and thymus. In striking contrast, the T cells that accumulated in abnormally large numbers in the lymph nodes were almost entirely from the lpr donor. Their surface phenotype was Thy-1+(dull), Ly-1.2+(dull), Lyt-2-, L3T4-, 9F3+, and 3A1+, which is consistent with that found in intact lpr mice. These results indicate that the lpr gene causes an intrinsic defect directly within the T cells that accumulate in large numbers in lpr mice. In addition, the presence of the +/+ T cells cannot prevent the expression of the lpr abnormalities. PMID- 3258352 TI - Differentiation in vitro of T3+ large granular lymphocytes with characteristic cytotoxic activity from an isolated hematopoietic progenitor colony. AB - Blast colonies were developed by rIL-3 from the spleen cells of mice pretreated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the methylcellulose cultures. When such IL-3 induced blast colonies were individually lifted up and recultured in the presence of rIL-3 and recombinant erythropoietin (rEpo), a variety of hematopoietic colonies developed from every single colony, including neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, megakaryocytes, mast cells, and erythroblasts. The results indicated that IL-3-induced blast colonies consisted of multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells. By culturing individual IL-3-induced blast colonies in the presence of rIL-2 and irradiated peritoneal macrophages, on the other hand, the proliferation of homogeneous lymphoid cells was observed in 5 of 24 wells, each of which received a single blast colony. Morphologically, they were typical large granular lymphocytes (LGL), and thus it was indicated that LGL could be differentiated directly from the hematopoietic progenitor cells utterly in vitro by rIL-2 and accessory macrophages. From one of these culture wells, a continuous LGL line, IL3B1, was successfully obtained. The proliferation of IL3B1 was dependent on IL-2 in the presence of accessory macrophages, but they no longer responded to IL-3, nor to another T cell growth factor, IL-4. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the phenotype of IL3B1 was Thy-1+,T3+,L3T4-,Lyt-2-,T200+ Asialo GM1+, whereas that of original IL-3-induced blast cells was Thy-1+,T3 ,L3T4-,Lyt-2-,B220-. The results suggested that the expression of T3 molecules was induced in the process of LGL differentiation from the hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. Conforming to this, it was revealed that both gamma and beta chain genes of the TCR were rearranged in IL3B1. Northern blot analysis indicated that IL3B1 had abundant mRNA for gamma chain, while mRNA for beta chain was rather faint. Functionally, IL3B1 exhibited typical NK-patterned cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell targets. In addition, they showed significant cytotoxic activity against normal bone marrow cells, as well as various factor-dependent myelogenous progenitor cell lines, all of which were resistant to endogenous NK activity of the fresh spleen cells. These results indicated that at least a set of T3+ LGL with rearranged TCR genes could be directly differentiated from isolated hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. Results also suggested that such a prethymically differentiated subset of T lineage lymphocytes, namely T3+ double-negative LGL, had particular cytotoxic activity in addition to conventional NK activity, which might well contribute to feedback regulation of hematopoiesis. PMID- 3258353 TI - Population kinetics of rat peripheral B cells. AB - Currently available estimates of B cell life span vary from 4 d to 6 wk. The discrepancy may have arisen out of the selective effects of stress and drug cytotoxicity on short-lived populations. In this report, bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), a drug that incorporates into the DNA of dividing cells, has been fed to rats in their drinking water, eliminating stressful injection procedures. Labeled cells in the recirculating B cell pool are identified in tissue sections using an mAb to BUdR. BUdR is shown to have no cytostatic effects at the dose used. Over a 5-d period of infusion, only 20% of the peripheral recirculating pool incorporate label (approximately 4% per day); labeling over various periods indicates that the peripheral B cell pool turns over in approximately 4 wk. To distinguish between turnover due to incorporation of new B cells into the peripheral pool and division of antigen-activated B cells rats underwent two consecutive periods of labeling, first with [3H]thymidine for 5 d and then with BUdR for a further 5 d. Virgin B cells newly derived from dividing precursors in the bone marrow do not continue to proliferate in the periphery, while activated cells undergo several rounds of division during both labeling periods. The results indicate that 3-4% of the peripheral pool is replaced by new B cells each day, while 0.3-0.6% become part of activated clones every day. Assuming that the peripheral pool of the rat contains 10(9) B cells, then 3-4 X 10(7) new B cells become stably incorporated per day. This represents approximately 10% of the putative output of the bone marrow. PMID- 3258354 TI - B cell precursor growth-promoting activity. Purification and characterization of a growth factor active on lymphocyte precursors. AB - We have used a biological assay system we developed to biochemically purify a previously uncharacterized murine lymphopoietic growth factor designated lymphopoietin 1 (LP-1). This factor is capable of stimulating the proliferation and extended maintenance of precursor cells of the B lineage. A stromal cell line producing LP-1 was established after transfection of primary stromal cultures with a plasmid encoding the transforming genes of SV40. This factor was purified to a single 25-kD species from the culture supernatant of an adherent stromal cell line. This material acts on immature lymphocytes, it binds to specific receptors on cells, and is distinct from previously described hematopoietic factors. LP-1 has been purified some 10(7)-fold with an overall recovery of 35%. The purified protein exhibits a specific activity of approximately 4 X 10(6) U/micrograms of protein and is active at a half-maximal concentration of 10(-13) M. PMID- 3258355 TI - Measles virus fusion protein presented in an immune-stimulating complex (iscom) induces haemolysis-inhibiting and fusion-inhibiting antibodies, virus-specific T cells and protection in mice. AB - Immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms), which have recently been shown to be highly effective for the antigenic presentation of membrane proteins of viruses, were prepared with affinity-purified fusion (F) protein of measles virus (MV), using an adaptation of the standard method for iscom preparation. Immunization of monkeys with the F iscom preparation induced biologically active anti-F protein antibodies as was shown in haemolysis inhibition and cell-cell fusion inhibition tests. A whole MV iscom preparation, which also contained the haemagglutinin protein, induced not only also haemolysis-inhibiting antibodies, but, in contrast to the F iscom preparation, also haemagglutination-inhibiting and virus neutralizing antibodies. In addition the F iscom preparation was shown to activate measles virus-specific T cells in mice. This was demonstrated by the generation of an MV-specific delayed type hypersensitivity response in F iscom immunized animals and by the isolation of T cell clones specific for MV F protein with the T helper phenotype. Vaccination of mice with MV iscom or F iscom protected them from MV-induced fatal encephalopathy. The data concerning the immunogenicity of MV proteins presented in iscoms are discussed in relation to their potential for the development of an inactivated measles vaccine. PMID- 3258356 TI - Manic delirium and frontal-like syndrome with paramedian infarction of the right thalamus. AB - A disinhibition syndrome affecting speech (with logorrhoea, delirium, jokes, laughs, inappropriate comments, extraordinary confabulations), was the main manifestation of a right-sided thalamic infarct involving the dorsomedian nucleus, intralaminar nuclei and medial part of the ventral lateral nucleus. Resolution of conflicting tasks was severely impaired, suggesting frontal lobe dysfunction. These abnormalities correlated with the finding on SPECT of a marked hypoperfusion in the overlying hemisphere predominating in the frontal region. We suggest that this behavioural syndrome was produced by disconnecting the dorsomedian nucleus from the frontal lobe and limbic system. PMID- 3258358 TI - Prevalence surveys of neurologic disorders: methodologic implications of the Copiah County Study. AB - This article addresses three questions to be answered during the planning of prevalence surveys of chronic disorders in geographically defined populations: (a) Should personal interviews be used alone (i.e. without accompanying physical examinations) to find and confirm cases in a household population? (b) As an alternative means of identifying cases, is it adequate to review patient records from hospitals and clinics serving the population to be surveyed? (c) Should population members residing in institutions of long-term care be made ineligible for the anticipated survey? Data on major neurologic disorders, obtained from the Copiah County Study, are used to suggest caution in answering any of these questions in the affirmative, since in particular circumstances the consequences for the intended research may be serious or even disastrous. For example, with 42% of Parkinson's disease cases diagnosed for the first time during the study, a casefinding approach solely through medical-care providers would have been highly questionable for that disorder. PMID- 3258357 TI - Epidemiology of headache in the Republic of San Marino. AB - An epidemiological survey on headache was performed in the Republic of San Marino, which is the smallest independent State in the world, located near the Adriatic Coast, within Italy. Among a random sample of 1500 inhabitants over 7 years of age the frequency of headache, severe headache and migraine in the previous year was 35.3%, 12.2%, 9.3% respectively for men, and 46.2%, 20.6%, 18% for women. The most common factors reported to provoke headache were emotional stress, physical strain, lack of sleep, particular foods or drinks and for women menstruation. Migraine patients differed from people without headache in that they had a higher consumption of coffee, more frequently reported bad sleep, allergic disease and previous appendectomy. Furthermore, migraine patients and severe headache sufferers had a higher diastolic blood pressure than non headache subjects. PMID- 3258359 TI - Risk factors for hypertension: results from a cross-sectional survey. AB - A case-control study of hypertension was conducted, using as a sampling frame a cross-sectional survey of Canadian Federal civil servants. Three case groups were selected, based on prior knowledge of hypertensive status and measured blood pressure. A 3-to-1 matching scheme was employed. Data was analysed using a logistic regression model. Statistically significantly elevated odds ratios, in excess of 3.0, were noted for overweight or obese status. Other odds ratios associated with a significantly increased risk of hypertension were maternal and paternal history of hypertension and current cigarette smoking. PMID- 3258360 TI - A family physician's experience with rheumatic fever and acquired valvular heart disease. PMID- 3258361 TI - Cancer therapy with interleukin-2: immunologic manipulations can mediate the regression of cancer in humans. PMID- 3258362 TI - Recovery from unilateral labyrinthectomy in rhesus monkey. AB - 1. We recorded eye movements in six rhesus monkeys before and after unilateral labyrinthectomy and quantified the compensation for both the static and the dynamic disturbances of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). 2. When first recorded after labyrinthectomy (18-20 h postlesion), all animals had a spontaneous nystagmus with mean slow-phase velocities ranging from 24 to 54 degrees/s measured in darkness and 0-4 degrees/s measured in the light. The level of nystagmus diminished quickly, and by postoperative day 25 mean values ranged from 4 to 22 degrees/s, measured in darkness. The waveform of individual slow phases was variable, but in the first postoperative week its trajectory usually showed an increasing, or an increasing then decreasing, velocity. This finding indicates that peripheral vestibular lesions can alter the function of the ocular motor eye position integrator. 3. The VOR gain (eye velocity/head velocity, corrected for spontaneous nystagmus) during rotations (30-300 degrees/s) in the dark was diminished from nearly 1.0 preoperatively to approximately 0.5 when first measured after labyrinthectomy, except for rotations toward the lesioned side at high speeds for which the gain was even lower. Within the first few postoperative days, for rotations toward the intact side, the VOR gain increased rapidly, to approximately 0.8. For rotations toward the lesioned side similar behavior was noted for stimuli of 30-60 degrees/s, but at higher velocities compensation proceeded more slowly. By 3 mo postoperatively gains had reached values ranging from 0.77 to 1.03 for rotations toward the intact side and from 0.61 to 0.98 for rotations toward the lesioned side. Values were higher for lower-velocity stimuli. 4. Caloric testing with ice water in the unoperated ear elicited nystagmus with a mean value of maximum slow-phase velocity of 129 degrees/s preoperatively and 195 degrees/s 3 mo postoperatively. There was no caloric response on the lesioned side. From the increase in caloric responses from the intact ear we infer considerable restoration of spontaneous activity of vestibular neurons on the deafferented side. 5. The time constant of the VOR was a function of stimulus speed preoperatively with a maximum mean value of 35 s for a 60 degrees/s stimulus. After labyrinthectomy the VOR time constant was low (6.0 9.1 s) at all speeds. Subsequently, in three animals only, there was a small increase (2-3 s) in VOR time constant during the 3-mo period following labyrinthectomy. These results indicate that labyrinthectomy profoundly and persistently impairs the action of the vestibular velocity-storage mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3258363 TI - Effect of lack of vision and of occipital lobectomy upon recovery from unilateral labyrinthectomy in rhesus monkey. AB - 1. We investigated the influence of visual experience upon vestibular compensation in monkeys. Two paradigms were used to elicit vestibular adaptation: artificially imposed motion of images upon the retina during head rotation and unilateral labyrinthectomy. Two groups of animals were investigated: monkeys that underwent a bilateral occipital lobectomy and intact monkeys without a cortical lesion. Occipital lobectomy alone caused only a minor change in the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR); the gain (eye vel/head vel) decreased slightly (10 15%) for high speeds of rotation (180-300 degrees/s). 2. In response to a 4-h period of continuous oscillation of the head (0.25 Hz, 30 degrees/s) with the visual scene made to move in phase with the head (X0 viewing) or out of phase with the head (X2 viewing), intact monkeys showed an average 40% decrease or increase, respectively, of the VOR gain measured in darkness. After occipital lobectomy this adaptive capability was diminished, primarily for increasing the VOR gain after X2 viewing (42% preop to 13% postop). 3. Unilateral labyrinthectomy in either occipital-lobectomized or in otherwise intact monkeys led to a static imbalance with initial (18- to 20-h postlesion) values of spontaneous nystagmus of 22-62 degrees/s measured in darkness and to a dynamic disturbance with an approximately 50% decrease of VOR gain. Compensation for both abnormalities was studied in three groups of animals: previously occipital lobectomized monkeys kept in the light after labyrinthectomy, intact monkeys kept in the light after labyrinthectomy, and intact monkeys kept in the dark for 4 days after labyrinthectomy and then exposed to light. Spontaneous nystagmus disappeared at the same rate in each group of animals. VOR gain increased in the intact monkeys kept in the light after labyrinthectomy but not in the intact monkeys kept in the dark after labyrinthectomy until they were exposed to light. The occipital-lobectomized monkeys showed some recovery of VOR gain (approximately 25-40%), but only at low speeds of rotation (30-60 degrees/s). Occipital lobectomy performed in monkeys after they had already compensated for a labyrinthectomy caused the VOR gain to drop to values approximately 0.5 but without any recurrence of spontaneous nystagmus. 4. Our results indicate that visual experience after labyrinthectomy is essential for recovery of VOR gain but not for resolution of spontaneous nystagmus. Furthermore, geniculostriate pathways play a major role in providing information about high velocities of retinal image motion that is necessary for the acquisition of VOR gain adaptation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3258364 TI - Imbalances in T cell subpopulations in human gliomas. AB - The quantitation of cells bearing CD3, CD4, CD8, and B cell phenotypic markers, as well as an estimation of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, and IgM, was carried out in a group of 39 glioma patients with different grades of malignancy. The findings were compared with those obtained from 21 normal healthy control subjects. The analysis revealed a significant decrease both in the absolute numbers and in the percentages of circulating CD3+ (p less than 0.001) and CD4+ (p less than 0.001) cells, while the CD8+ and Pan B+ cells remained within the normal range irrespective of the type and grade of tumor. The CD4+:CD8+ ratio was significantly decreased in all categories of patients. The CD4 lymphopenia was also evident in 10 patients who had no history of previous immunosuppressive drug therapy (steroids and anticonvulsants) until the commencement of the study. The Ig levels were within the normal range in patients with malignant astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme, whereas a three- and fourfold increase in the IgM level was observed in patients with astrocytoma. It is suggested that T cell lymphopenia in glioma patients could mainly be due to a selective depletion of CD4+ cells and that it occurs principally as a reaction to the tumor. PMID- 3258366 TI - Metabolic studies with L-[1-14C]tyrosine for the investigation of a kinetic model to measure protein synthesis rates with PET. AB - To evaluate a kinetic model for measuring protein synthesis rates by positron emission tomography (PET) in neoplastic and normal tissue, metabolic studies with L-[1-14C]tyrosine were carried out. As an animal model, rats bearing Walker 256 carcinosarcoma were used. Within 60 min after injection, several metabolic parameters were measured. The highest radioactivity uptake, expressed as the differential absorption ratio, was found in pancreas, followed by liver, tumor, and brain. A rapid decarboxylation was observed during the first 15 min. After 60 min, 7.4% of the total injected 14C was expired as 14CO2. In plasma a significant amount of [14C]bicarbonate was detected, but in tissue the amount was negligible. Protein incorporation increased with time. The incorporation rate was the highest in the liver followed by pancreas, tumor, and brain tissues. At 60 min after injection, more than approximately 80% of the 14C in tissue was protein bound. In plasma after a rapid clearance during the first 15 min, the total 14C level increased rapidly and paralleled the increase of protein-bound 14C. As nonprotein [14C]metabolites, in plasma, tumor and brain tissues, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, and unidentified metabolites were observed by high performance liquid chromatography. The formation of 14C-labeled 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine was found to be negligible. The total amount of these nonprotein metabolites increased with time. At 60 min after injection the percentages of the total nonprotein metabolites and [14C]bicarbonate were only 5.0%, 1.9%, and 3.7% in plasma, tumor and brain tissue, respectively. From our data it is concluded that [11C]carboxylic-labeled tyrosine would be a suitable radiopharmaceutical for measuring protein synthesis rates in neoplastic and normal tissue by PET. PMID- 3258365 TI - Correction for patient and organ movement in SPECT: application to exercise thallium-201 cardiac imaging. AB - We describe a technique for correction of artifacts in exercise 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images arising from abrupt or gradual translational movement of the heart during acquisition. The procedure involves the tracking of the "center of the heart" in serial projection images using an algorithm which we call "diverging squares". Each projection image is then realigned in the x-y plane so that the heart center conforms to the projected position of a fixed point in space. The shifted projections are reconstructed using the normal filtered backprojection algorithm. In validation studies, the motion correction procedure successfully eliminated movement artifacts in a heart phantom. Image quality was also improved in over one-half of 36 exercise thallium patient studies. The corrected images had smoother and more continuous left ventricular walls, greater clarity of the left ventricular cavity, and reduced streak artifacts. Rest injected or redistribution images, however, were often made worse, due to reduced heart to liver activity ratios and poor tracking of the heart center. Analysis of curves of heart position versus projection angle suggests that translation of the heart is common during imaging after exercise, and results from both abrupt patient movements, and a gradual upward shift of the heart. Our motion correction technique appears to represent a promising new approach for elimination of movement artifacts and enhancement of resolution in exercise 201Tl cardiac SPECT images. PMID- 3258367 TI - Three-dimensional display of positron emission tomography of the heart. AB - A method for producing images of 82Rb myocardial perfusion and 11C carbon monoxide gated blood pool images is described. In the case of 82Rb images, cylindrical projection displaying myocardial activity as viewed from the side is presented to complement the polar projection. Cubic display of the conventional short- and long-axis slices is described that permits interactive selection of any desired slices. A three-dimensional cine display of the left ventricle rotating about its long axis is produced that gives a very realistic presentation of myocardial activity. Very similar processing techniques are applied to gated carbon-11 blood-pool studies to yield beating images of the surface of the blood pool in multiple projections. PMID- 3258368 TI - SPECT of the brain and heart--future directions. PMID- 3258369 TI - Radiochemical purity of [99mTc]HM-PAO. PMID- 3258370 TI - Research and the staff nurse. PMID- 3258371 TI - Interleukin-1--stimulated induction of ceruloplasmin synthesis in normal and copper-deficient rats. AB - Regulation of ceruloplasmin synthesis by interleukin-1 (IL-1) as influenced by dietary copper status was examined in rats. In copper-sufficient rats, ceruloplasmin oxidase activity did not peak in the serum until at least 24 h after IL-1 was given. The rates of ceruloplasmin synthesis, as measured by pulse labeling with [3H]leucine and immunoprecipitation, peaked 12 h after IL-1 and returned to basal rates by 24 h. Copper had to be given to copper-deficient rats for the IL-1 to induce oxidase activity. This activity was stimulated by copper alone in the deficient rats but not to the same level as with IL-1 plus copper. Copper alone did not increase the synthesis rate. IL-1 alone stimulated the synthesis rate without increasing the oxidase activity in the copper-deficient rats. The induction pattern of ceruloplasmin synthesis by IL-1 was the same in the copper-deficient rats given copper as in copper-sufficient rats. Actinomycin D blocked the stimulation of ceruloplasmin synthesis by IL-1. It was concluded that ceruloplasmin is dependent on copper incorporation for oxidase activity, but its synthesis is induced by IL-1 regardless of dietary copper levels, probably by a mechanism involving transcriptional regulation. PMID- 3258372 TI - Tranexamic acid to reduce hemorrhage in hemophiliacs. PMID- 3258373 TI - Lymphocytic gastritis--relationship to Campylobacter pylori infection. AB - The existence of a distinctive form of chronic gastritis characterized by marked infiltration of the surface and pitlining epithelium by mature T lymphocytes has been confirmed. Seventeen cases were identified amongst 382 patients with active chronic gastritis (4.5 per cent). The cases with lymphocytic gastritis had significantly higher counts of intraepithelial lymphocytes than sex and age matched controls drawn from a series of patients with the usual form of active Type B chronic gastritis. Furthermore, the lymphocytic gastritis group exhibited unusual endoscopic findings, namely erosions and 'raised lesions', in the body of the stomach. Such appearances have been previously described as 'varioliform' gastritis. Only seven of the patients (41 per cent) had C. pylori-positive biopsies, compared with over 90 per cent in the generality of active chronic gastritis, but all but two of the eleven cases tested had serological evidence of C. pylori infection. While the pathogenesis of this condition is unclear, the histological resemblance to coeliac disease suggests that lymphocytic gastritis might also represent an abnormal response to a local antigen to which the patient has become sensitized. It is possible that this antigen is C. pylori. PMID- 3258374 TI - Expression of Leu-8 surface antigen in B-cell lymphomas. Correlation with other B cell markers. AB - Using in situ immunohistological analysis, expression of Leu-8 and its correlation with other B-cell markers were investigated in 21 selected lymphomas of different categories, each one expressing its own typical immunophenotype. These categories included eight follicular centroblastic/centrocytic (CB/CC) lymphomas, eight intermediately differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas (ILL)/mantle zone lymphomas (MZL), and five lymphocytic lymphomas (LL) associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Four reactive lymph nodes and three tonsils were also studied using double immunolabelling procedures. Cell suspensions were also performed in three CB/CC and four ILL/MZL cases. Leu-8 was consistently expressed in ILL/MZL and LL but it was absent in most (7/8) CB/CC lymphomas. In reactive tissues, the Leu-8-positive B cells were strictly confined to the mantle zones. A close association emerged between Leu-1 (CD5) and Leu-8, both being present in ILL/MZL and LL but absent in CB/CC. A consistent lack of association was found between Leu-8 or CD5 antigens and common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CD10) and BA-2 (CD9) antigen, whereas Leu-8 and CD5 were strictly associated with surface IgD. Reactivity with Leu-8 provides a means of distinguishing between CB/CC and ILL/MZL. Furthermore, shared immunoreactivity for Leu-8 in ILL/MZL and LL may represent a potential clue to the still uncertain cellular derivation of LL/B-CLL. PMID- 3258375 TI - "Rheumatic" syndromes of obscure origin. PMID- 3258376 TI - Small intestine transplantation: a logical solution for short bowel syndrome? AB - The purpose of this study is to determine whether small intestine transplantation could be considered as an alternative treatment in infants and children with short bowel syndrome. The potential nutritional consequence of orthotopic small intestine transplantation was evaluated in a rat model. Young Lewis strain rats (weighing 250 to 275 g) were used. Lewis rats with resection of 90% of the small intestine were studied as short bowel group (group I, n = 5). In the transplant group rats, 90% of the original small intestine was transplanted orthotopically using microvascular techniques (group II, n = 5). During the study period of 8 weeks, group II gained weight at rates equal to that of normal age matched rats (+30% of the preoperative weight), whereas rats with short bowel (group I) lost 10% of their weight. Two weeks following transplantation, serum albumin levels were maintained in the normal range in group II. However, group I rats showed decreased albumin levels. Serum cholesterol levels showed no significant difference between the two groups. Maltose absorption was evaluated as a functional test of small intestinal graft absorption (1.0 mg/g body weight of maltose was orally administered, and serum glucose levels were measured). The glucose level at 45 minutes was significantly blunted in group I in comparison with group II. The data from this study suggested that small intestine transplantation can produce adequate nutritional support to sustain growth and development in this rat model. It would be anticipated that small intestine transplantation in patients with short bowel syndrome would also benefit nutritionally. PMID- 3258377 TI - Manometric and pH consequences of esophageal endosclerosis in children. AB - Twenty-seven manometric and 22 18-hour pH monitoring studies were done in 17 consecutive patients undergoing esophageal endosclerosis. Prior to endosclerosis, esophageal manometry was normal in eight of nine patients. Peristaltic dysfunction was observed in all 13 postendosclerosis patients and consisted of (1) decreased mean peristaltic amplitude pressures. Pressures were 61.4 and 74.7 mmHg at 0 to 2 cm and 3 to 4 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), respectively, prior to treatment. After endosclerosis, values fell to 30.2 and 43.3 mmHg; (2) a drop in mean resting LES pressure from 22.3 mmHg before endosclerosis to 17.1 mmHg afterward and (3) an increase in the rate of peristaltic propagation failure from 12% to 26% after endosclerosis. Esophageal pH monitoring demonstrated gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in three of seven patients before endosclerosis and in five of 11 patients afterward. Because of the major incidence of GER before endosclerosis, the procedure could not be causally incriminated. However, GER was roughly correlated with the severity of the manometric dysfunction. There was no correlation of GER or manometric abnormality with the number of endosclerosis treatment nor the interval between endosclerosis and pH and manometric studies. The remote sequelae of the abnormalities are conjectural. PMID- 3258378 TI - New drug therapy: Augmentin. PMID- 3258379 TI - Cervical spine fracture in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. AB - The occurrence of spinal fractures in ankylosing spondylitis is well documented but fractures are uncommon in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). We report a 58-year-old Black male with DISH who developed quadriplegia after fracture dislocation of the cervical spine. PMID- 3258380 TI - Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: a case with enhanced interleukin-1, prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-2 secretion. AB - We describe a 47-year-old woman with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. While the disease was in remission without therapy, interleukin-1 and prostaglandin E2 secretions by adherent cells was increased as well as interleukin-2 secretion by peripheral mononuclear cells. This suggests that macrophages play an essential role in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 3258381 TI - Arthralgia associated with hypercarotenemia. PMID- 3258382 TI - Antibody pattern and other criteria for diagnosis and classification in PSS. PMID- 3258383 TI - Rheumatoid factor negative (seronegative) rheumatoid arthritis: evolving clinical classification and immunogenetic associations. PMID- 3258384 TI - Association between DR antigens, rheumatoid arthritis with and without extraarticular features and systemic lupus erythematosus in northern Italy. AB - Seventy-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 18 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were typed for HLA class I and II antigens. No association was found with any of the antigens tested. However, B8 and DR3 were increased in patients with extraarticular features (EAF), while DR1 was increased in those with RA without EAF. In SLE a trend towards an increased frequency of DR7 was observed. DR5 was the negative marker in both diseases. Our results confirm the peculiar genetic characteristics in our population. PMID- 3258385 TI - B cell differentiation factor production in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Spontaneous and mitogen stimulated B cell differentiation factor (BCDF) production by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was compared with that of normal control subjects. BCDF production was measured by a cellular interleukin assay in which a BCDF responsive cell line was cocultured with increasing numbers of PBL from the donor populations. It was found that no significant differences occurred in BCDF production by SLE and normal PBL under the conditions used. Indeed there was a trend toward decreased BCDF release from SLE PBL. This would support the hypothesis that human SLE is the result of enhanced B cell responsiveness to helper cell factors rather than due to increased release of such factors. PMID- 3258386 TI - Deforming arthropathy of the hands in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Forty-one of 858 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed clinical deformity of their hands. This deformity was clinically and radiologically different from that found in 40 patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and tended to appear early in the course of disease. Characteristics of this arthropathy included nonerosive carpal collapse; exceptional erosion of the styloid processes; Z deformity of the thumb; nonerosive ulnar deviation and subluxation of MCP joints; parametacarpophalangeal joint hook formation; scant and asymmetric joint erosions; and swan neck deformity of the fingers. Most of these changes seemed to be due to involvement of the ligaments rather than to the destructive effect of synovitis. Patients with SLE with deforming arthropathy had a higher frequency of rheumatoid factor positivity, sicca symptoms and antibodies to native DNA, whereas they had lower incidence of facial rash and photosensitivity than did those without. Other manifestations did not differ. We propose that most patients with SLE with deforming arthropathy belong to a subset of SLE rather than representing the coexistence of SLE and RA. PMID- 3258387 TI - Significance of false positive syphilis reactions and anticardiolipin antibodies in a nationwide series of pregnant women. AB - The highly sensitive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination tests were used to determine the frequency of false positive syphilis reactions in a nationwide series of pregnant women in Finland. The frequency found was 14/10,000. Two cases of systemic lupus and 2 of undefined connective tissue disease were found during a 20-month period among 134 false positive reactors in a series of 110,000 separate pregnancies. The risk of subsequent fetal loss among false positive syphilis reactors was 7%, similar to the risk in RPR negative controls. Half of the sera in the highest RPR titer groups and 1/3 in the lowest titer groups had elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies in solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. This assay did not increase the risk of clinical disease or subsequent fetal loss above the risk of RPR test alone. PMID- 3258388 TI - Effect of human epidermal growth factor on cell growth and its receptor in human gastric carcinoma cell lines. AB - The effect of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) on the growth of various histological types of six human gastric carcinoma cell lines was examined. The cell lines had relatively high affinity EGF receptors (dissociation constant Kd = 10(-9) to 10(-10) M). One gastric cancer cell line, MKN-74 (well differentiated adenocarcinoma) showed no response to hEGF, in cell growth, DNA synthesis or 125I hEGF cell binding. There were no apparent correlations between histological type and cell growth, DNA synthesis or number of EGF receptors in these cells. The number of EGF receptors and the Kd value of the gastric carcinoma cell lines varied with their internal and external environments. hEGF concentrations corresponding to maximum stimulation in DNA synthesis varied between cell lines. The results suggest some gastric carcinoma cells to have EGF receptors and their growth seemingly to be stimulated by EGF in vitro. There are, however, no obvious correlations between the effect of hEGF on the growth of human gastric carcinoma cell lines or their histological type. PMID- 3258389 TI - Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with aminonucleoside nephrosis. AB - The aminonucleoside of puromycin (PAN) induces nephrotic syndrome in rats. We studied the tubulointerstitial cellular (TIC) infiltrate previously unrecognized in this model. Rats received one i.p. injection of PAN (15 mg/100 g) and were sacrificed at 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 20 and 28 days. Frozen kidney sections and peripheral blood cells were stained with a panel of anti-rat monoclonal antibodies and quantitated by epifluorescence microscopy. An increase in Ia+ cells (60/1000 TIC) (P less than 0.001) and OX42+ macrophages (MO) (18/1000 TIC) (P less than 0.05) were observed on day 5. On day 7 the infiltrate consisted of OX19+ T-lymphocytes (29/1000 TIC) (P less than 0.001) and OX42+ MO (68/1000 TIC) (P less than 0.001). The majority of the lymphocytes expressed the OX8 cytotoxic T cell marker (23/1000 TIC) (P less than 0.001). The severe mixed cellular lesion present on day 14 was dominated by OX42+ MO (113/1000 TIC) (P less than 0.001). With resolution of proteinuria on days 20 and 28, the infiltrate decreased, although OX42+ MO persisted on day 28 (46/1000 TIC) (P less than 0.001). The severity of the cellular lesion correlated with the degree of albuminuria (r = 0.57 to 0.81 for the antibody panel). Expression of Ia antigens by proximal tubular epithelial cells markedly decreased during peak proteinuria but normalized by day 28. Increased deposition of C3 and IgG was not detected. Reversible tubulointerstitial nephritis develops in PAN-treated rats and may be a consequence of severe proteinuria. PMID- 3258390 TI - Time course studies on phosphate transfer in frog urinary bladder. AB - Unidirectional 32P-phosphate and 3H-mannitol fluxes were simultaneously measured, at two minutes intervals, in frog urinary bladders. The spontaneous or externally imposed transepithelial potential (PD) and short circuit current (SCC) were also recorded in most experiments. It was observed that: (1) Phosphate transfer was rapidly and reversibly modified by changes in mucosal sodium concentration in open circuit conditions. (2) Between four and six minutes after changing mucosal NaCl concentration, phosphate fluxes reached a new steady-state value. (3) The observed correlation between the Na-dependent phosphate flux and the Na-dependent transmembrane potential was high (r = 0.99, N = 12). (4) In open circuit conditions, the mucosa-to-serosa unidirectional phosphate fluxes were inhibited by 10(-5) M amiloride, while the serosa-to-mucosa movements were increased. (5) On the contrary, no effects of mucosal NaCl concentration or amiloride on the mucosa-to-serosa phosphate fluxes were detected in short circuit conditions. (6) The transepithelial phosphate transfer was linearly related to phosphate concentration and insensitive to arsenate (10(-3) M) action. (7) An externally imposed PD was less effective for driving a phosphate movement than the one depending on Na, suggesting some type of coupling between Na+ and phosphate transports. (8) The mucosa-to-serosa phosphate fluxes were reduced by parathyroid hormone and oxytocin. Maximum inhibition was observed four minutes after the hormonal action. It is concluded that the transepithelial PD plays a major role in phosphate handling in frog urinary bladder. PMID- 3258391 TI - [Esophagitis in portal hypertension patients]. PMID- 3258392 TI - Erythroxylum argentinum: assays for anti-inflammatory activity. PMID- 3258393 TI - Measuring hospital competition. AB - This paper appraises the use of the Herfindahl market share index as an exogenous competition variable in empirical studies of the hospital sector. An analysis of cross-sectional Florida data shows that this index itself is significantly influenced by the demand and supply factors commonly included in econometric models of hospital performance. The analysis then illustrates that biased inferences about the effects of market competition on the costs of hospital care may result unless the values of the Herfindahl Index are treated endogenously in hospital cost models. PMID- 3258394 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and respiratory insufficiency: an unexpected evolution]. PMID- 3258395 TI - [Pain relief and improved wound healing by transcutaneous nerve stimulation in peripheral vascular disorders]. PMID- 3258396 TI - Beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in head and neck infection. AB - We have summarized our experience in recovery of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) in head and neck infection (HNI). These HNI include conjunctivitis, serous and chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma, chronic mastoiditis, chronic sinusitis, adenoiditis, recurrent tonsillitis in children and adults, peritonsillar abscess, and retropharyngeal abscess. Beta-lactamase producing bacteria were found in 262 (51%) of 513 patients with HNI; 72% had aerobic BLPB and 57% had anaerobic BLPB. The infections, where these organisms were most frequently recovered, were adenoiditis (85% of patients), tonsillitis in adults (82%) and children (74%), retropharyngeal abscess (71%), and chronic otitis media (57%). The predominant BLPB were Staphylococcus aureus (49% of patients with BLPB), the Bacteroides-melaninogenicus group (28%), the Bacteroides fragilis group (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%), Hemophilus influenzae (5%), and Branhamella catarrhalis (3%). The high incidence of recovery of BLPB in head and neck infections may have important implications on the antimicrobial management of these infections. PMID- 3258397 TI - Long-term implantation of a system of electrical stimulation of paralyzed laryngeal muscles in dogs. AB - Electrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, synchronized with inspiration, was achieved in dogs utilizing a radio frequency stimulus triggered by a chest wall expansion transducer. This system brings about abduction of the paralyzed vocal cord for the entire duration of inspiration, which allows a normal flow of air through the larynx. The implantable part of that system was tested successfully in chronic experiments (up to 11 months) in dogs with experimental paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We feel that the system may be suitable for pacing the paralyzed human larynx. PMID- 3258398 TI - Use of a crude extract or a purified antigen of Trichomonas vaginalis for the detection of secretory antibodies by ELISA. AB - A crude aqueous extract (T2) or a gel-filtration purified antigen of T. vaginalis was utilized to detect secretory antibodies in cervico-vaginal secretions by ELISA. The test was developed under optimum conditions using a rabbit anti Trichomonas serum. Conditions established for monitoring antibodies to trichomonas in immunized rabbits were equally effective for human secretions. The crude extract was capable of assessing secretory antibodies in 45% of women with acute trichomoniasis and 43% of healthy women. The purified antigen showed a marked antigenic activity and compared to the crude antigen, testing 6 samples from infected women, detected a false positive and reduced the O.D. value of another sample by 1/4. PMID- 3258399 TI - Fluoxetine for depression. PMID- 3258400 TI - Conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. PMID- 3258402 TI - Reconstruction for fan beam with an angular-dependent displaced center-of rotation. AB - A convolutional backprojection algorithm is derived for a fan beam geometry that has an angular-dependent displacement in its center-of-rotation from the midline of the fan beam. In both x-ray computed tomography and single photon emission computed tomography, misalignment can occur when the mechanical center-of rotation is not colinear with midline of the fan beam. In some cases the shift in the center-of-rotation is constant for every angle, whereas, in other cases it varies with angular position. Standard reconstruction algorithms, which directly filter and backproject the fan beam data without rebinning into parallel beam geometry, have been derived for a geometry having its center-of-rotation at the midline of the fan beam. However, in the case of any misalignment of the center of-rotation, if these conventional reconstruction algorithms are used to reconstruct the fan beam projections, structured artifacts and a loss of resolution will result. Simulations are performed that illustrate these artifacts and demonstrate how the new algorithm corrects for this misalignment. A method for estimating the parameters of the fan beam geometry, including the angular dependent shift in the center-of-rotation, is also described. PMID- 3258401 TI - Heterogeneity of immunological patterns in Langerhan's histiocytosis and response to crude calf thymic extract in 11 patients. AB - Response to treatment with daily intramuscularly administered crude calf thymic extract (Suppressin) in 11 patients with Langerhan's histiocytosis (L.H.) is reported. In ten patients, T-lymphocytic subsets were studied before starting immunotherapy: OKT3 positive and OKT4 positive cells were reduced in four patients; OKT8 positive cells were reduced in two patients; three patients were normal. After immunotherapy, one patient entered complete remission, four patients had stationary disease, and six had marked clinical progression. Subsequently eight patients underwent conventional chemotherapy, and only three entered complete remission. This study has demonstrated the heterogeneity of immunological patterns in L.H. and justifies the necessity for investigations on the immunoregulatory mechanism of L.H. PMID- 3258403 TI - [Progression of pulmonary emphysema in severe alpha 1-PI deficiency. A retrospective, multicenter study of the Scientific Society for Therapy of Lung Diseases]. PMID- 3258404 TI - Potent and selective activity of 3'-azido-2,6-diaminopurine-2',3' dideoxyriboside, 3'-fluoro-2,6-diaminopurine-2',3'-dideoxyriboside, and 3'-fluoro 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine against human immunodeficiency virus. AB - Several sugar-modified 2,6-diaminopurine and guanine 2',3'-dideoxyribosides were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit the cytopathic effect and replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 3'-Azido-2,6-diaminopurine-2',3' dideoxyriboside (AzddDAPR), 3'-fluoro-2,6-diaminopurine-2',3'-dideoxyriboside (FddDAPR), and 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine emerged as potent and selective anti-HIV agents in MT4 cells (50% effective antiviral dose: 0.3-4.5 microM). Their selectivity indexes, based on the ratio of the 50% cytotoxic dose to the 50% antiviral effective dose, were 157, 80, and 96, respectively, as compared to 106 for 2,6-diaminopurine-2',3'-dideoxyriboside (ddDAPR) and 132 for 2',3' dideoxyadenosine (ddAdo), two other potent anti-HIV agents. The 9-beta-D arabinoside and 9-beta-D-2'-deoxyxyloside derivatives of 2,6-diaminopurine were devoid of any antiretrovirus activity. Both AzddDAPR and FddDAPR, like the parent compounds ddDAPR and ddAdo, proved susceptible to deamination by beef intestine adenosine deaminase (Km, 11, 148, 29, and 73 microM, respectively). 2' Deoxycoformycin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, decreased the antiretrovirus and cytostatic activity of ddDAPR and FddDAPR to a greater extent than that of AzddDAPR. This suggests that ddDAPR and FddDAPR are primarily active as their guanine analogues, whereas AzddDAPR may be potentially active as a 2,6 diaminopurine derivative as well. PMID- 3258405 TI - [Comparative study of caliber-persistent and normal arteries of the stomach]. PMID- 3258406 TI - Mutations in human lymphocytes studied by an HLA selection system. AB - Human lymphocytes mutated at the HLA-A2 or HLA-A3 alleles were enumerated and studied by primary selection using antibody and complement, followed by limiting dilution cloning and secondary selection using immunofluorescence or antibody and complement. The geometric mean frequency of in vivo mutant lymphocytes was 3.08 X 10(-5) for the HLA-A2 allele and 4.68 X 10(-6) for the HLA-A3 allele. Mutagenesis by X-radiation or mitomycin produced a dose-related increase in mutant frequency. HLA-B phenotyping and Southern Analysis of the HLA-A gene suggested that mutation was frequently due to gene deletion, which was often substantial. PMID- 3258407 TI - Treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia in AIDS. PMID- 3258408 TI - Propranolol and hemorrhage from esophageal varices. PMID- 3258409 TI - The puzzle of passive immunity. PMID- 3258410 TI - Immunology. Global or directed exocytosis? PMID- 3258411 TI - [Multiple brain infarcts in zoster infection]. AB - The clinical, CSF, CCT and PET findings in a 14-year-old female patient are reported. CCT and PET investigations demonstrated multiple cerebral infarctions; CSF examinations revealed inflammatory changes. Zoster antibodies were synthesized intrathecally, as detected by an ELISA after adjusting serum and CSF to identical IgG concentrations. Therefore the diagnosis of a cerebral zoster angiitis was made. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of inflammatory vascular lesions are discussed. PMID- 3258412 TI - Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction and double aortocoronary bypass in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3258413 TI - Malignant prolactinoma with multiple intracranial metastases studied with positron emission tomography. AB - A rare case of a patient with multiple intracranial metastases from a prolactin secreting pituitary neoplasm is described. At the age of 14 years, the patient had been operated on for a sellar tumor; he presented 12 years later with severe headache, at which time computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed multiple intracranial metastases. Histopathology examination showed pituitary neoplastic cells with positive immunostaining for prolactin. The patient was investigated with positron emission tomography (PET) and dopamine D2 receptor binding, and the amino acid metabolism of the tumor was characterized in vivo. High dopamine D2-receptor binding and high amino acid metabolism were found in the tumor. The patient was subsequently treated with bromocriptine injections that resulted in a decrease in serum prolactin levels, decreased dopamine D2 receptor binding, reduced amino acid metabolism, and a reduction in tumor volume. This case demonstrates a beneficial effect of bromocriptine treatment in a patient with prolactinoma with multiple intracranial metastases. It also illustrates the great potential of PET in the in vivo characterization of the D2 binding and the high sensitivity of 11C-labeled L-methionine in the follow-up of treatment in patients with pituitary adenomas. PMID- 3258414 TI - Electrostimulation for spasticity. PMID- 3258415 TI - Surface phenotypes of lymphoid cells altered in the human myasthenic thymus. AB - We investigated surface phenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes and thymic lymphoid cells from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) by fluorocytometry, using monoclonal antibodies to human lymphoid cells. There were no significant differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in myasthenic patients, with or without a thymus. In the MG hyperplastic thymuses, the percentage of OKIa1+ cells or CCB1+ cells was significantly increased compared with controls. Although there were no significant differences in the percentage of T-cell lineage (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, or CD1+ cells) between MG hyperplastic thymuses and the controls, the surface densities of T-cell lineage antigens (CD3, CD4, and CD8) were significantly increased on lymphoid cells in MG hyperplastic thymuses, compared with those in control thymuses. There were no significant differences in the percentage or fluorocytograph of lymphoid cells between the MG thymomas and the controls. PMID- 3258416 TI - Myths & facts about gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3258417 TI - Managing G.I. bleeding: it takes a two-tract mind. PMID- 3258418 TI - Immunologic studies in patients with premature ovarian failure. AB - Tests for a range of autoantibodies, and counts of lymphocytes, B cells, T cells, and T cell subsets were performed in 45 Chinese patients with premature ovarian failure and 45 age-matched normal control subjects. Eight patients (18%) were positive for at least one autoantibody. Only one patient was positive for antiovarian antibody. Patients with autoantibodies had a significantly higher percentage of circulating B cells. The lymphocyte, T cell, CD4+, and CD8+ counts in patients with premature ovarian failure were significantly higher than those in the control group, but the CD4:CD8 ratio was significantly lower in women with premature ovarian failure. There was a significant negative correlation between plasma estradiol levels and CD8+ counts, and a significant positive correlation between plasma estradiol levels and CD4:CD8 ratios. The changes in lymphocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations in premature ovarian failure may be due to estrogen deficiency. PMID- 3258419 TI - Endophthalmitis following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. AB - We report the development of Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. The patient previously underwent uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens insertion and was free of inflammation prior to laser capsulotomy. Diagnostic vitrectomy and aqueous tap were performed, and P. acnes was isolated from the aqueous in thiol broth media after nine days of incubation under anaerobic conditions. The patient was managed with topical and systemic antibiotics and steroids. Complete resolution of inflammation with return of vision to 20/25 was achieved without removal of the intraocular lens or lenticular remnants. PMID- 3258420 TI - Cyclosporin A and Trichinella spiralis: anthelminthic effects in immunosuppressed mice. PMID- 3258421 TI - Immunocytologic characterization using monoclonal antibodies of lung lavage cell phenotype in infants who have died from sudden infant death syndrome. AB - The phenotype of cells obtained from pulmonary lavage in infants who have died from sudden infant death syndrome were examined and compared with cells from control subjects. The only striking difference between the groups was a lack of reactivity of lavage cells with antibody of the CD14A cluster in the sudden infant death syndrome subjects, while antibodies of the CD14B cluster reacted strongly with cells from both the sudden infant death syndrome group and controls. Major histocompatibility complex class II antigens were expressed on approximately 95% of lavage cells, with DQ expressed more frequently than DR or DP. The majority of the lavage cells was macrophages, yet they reacted with CD3 (OKT3) and CD8 (OKT8) antibodies. No interleukin 2 was found in the lavage fluid. PMID- 3258422 TI - Ontogenic development of 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase in the rat and effect of monoclonal antibodies. AB - The O-deethylase activities with 7-ethoxycoumarin (ECDE) and 7-ethoxyresorufin (ERDE) as substrates were investigated in the liver microsomal fraction of newborn, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months old rats. The rates of O deethylation of both substrates were lowest in newborn rats at which stage the specific activities (pmol x min.-1 x mg-1 protein; mean +/- S.D.) of ECDE and ERDE were 19.0 +/- 0.2 and 6.0 +/- 0.5, respectively. In 1 week old animals, the rate of ECDE had reached the highest values (270 +/- 81 pmol x min.-1 x mg-1 protein). Thereafter, it decreased to a minimum (70.9 +/- 14.8 pmolmin.-1 x mg-1 protein) at 2 months of age. The rate of ERDE reached the highest activity (129 +/- 7.1 pmol x min.-1 x mg-1 protein) in 1 month old animals. The effects monoclonal of antibodies (MAb), on ECDE and ERDE were studied. The MAb were raised against 3-methylcholanthrene (MAb 1-7-1) or phenobarbital (MAB 2-66-3) induced rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. Only the former antibodies were inhibitory to the O-deethylation of 7-ethoxyresorufin. This reaction was inhibited to a similar extent (by 31-33%) in rat liver microsomes from 1 week and 2 months old animals. None of the antibodies exerted any effect on the O deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin. PMID- 3258423 TI - Induction of a systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease in mice by a common human anti-DNA idiotype. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is considered to be the quintessential autoimmune disease. It has not been possible to induce SLE in animal models by DNA immunization or by challenge with anti-DNA antibodies. We herewith report a murine model of SLE-like disease induced by immunization of C3H.SW female mice with a common human monoclonal anti-DNA idiotype (16/6 idiotype). Following a booster injection with the 16/6 idiotype, high levels of murine anti-16/6 and anti-anti-16/6 antibodies (associated with anti-DNA activity) were detected in the sera of the immunized mice. Elevated titers of autoantibodies reacting with DNA, poly(I), poly(dT), ribonucleoprotein, autoantigens [Sm, SS-A (Ro), and SS-B (La)], and cardiolipin were noted. The serological findings were associated with increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukopenia, proteinuria, immune complex deposition in the glomerular mesangium, and sclerosis of the glomeruli. The immune complexes in the kidneys were shown to contain the 16/6 idiotype. This experimental SLE-like model may be used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying SLE. PMID- 3258424 TI - T-cell tolerance: exposure to virus in utero does not cause a permanent deletion of specific T cells. AB - This study documents the curing of a congenitally acquired chronic viral infection and the acquisition of T-cell competence by a previously tolerant host. Infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a classic model of viral persistence and antigen-specific T-cell unresponsiveness. Mice infected at birth or in utero become lifelong carriers with no detectable virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. This chronic infection can be eliminated by adoptive transfer of Lyt-2+ T cells from LCMV-immune mice. To determine whether these cured carriers were capable of generating their own LCMV specific CTL response, mice congenic at the Thy-1 locus (Thy-1.1 and Thy-1.2) were used in the adoptive transfer experiments. Host-derived T-cell responses were checked after treating the cured carriers with a monoclonal antibody to deplete the immune donor T cells. Such cured carrier mice were able to generate a host-derived virus-specific CTL response and resisted a second LCMV challenge in the absence of any donor T cells. In addition, bone marrow cells from these cured carriers could functionally reconstitute irradiated mice. Thus this report demonstrates the acquisition of LCMV-specific T-cell competence by previously unresponsive carrier mice infected in utero. These results show that exposure to a virus even during embryonic life does not cause a permanent deletion of specific T cells. These findings are of significance to the understanding of tolerance mechanisms and have implications for the treatment of chronic viral infections. PMID- 3258426 TI - Cyclosporin A inhibits smooth muscle proliferation in the vascular response to injury. AB - The arterial response to injury is dominated by proliferation of smooth muscle cells and infiltration of blood-borne cells in the vascular intima. Arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation is under growth factor control, but how this regulation operates in vivo is unclear. We studied the effect on arterial response to mechanical injury of cyclosporin A, a drug that inhibits T-lymphocyte activation. Cyclosporin A treatment at surgery caused a persistent inhibition of the intimal proliferative lesion. Cyclosporin A also inhibited expression of Ia antigens on smooth muscle cells in situ but had no direct effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation in culture. Therefore, the inhibition of intimal cell proliferation appears to be mediated via the immune system. PMID- 3258425 TI - Selective differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells induced by recombinant human interleukins. AB - Effects of recombinant human interleukins on hematopoiesis were explored by using suspension cultures of mononuclear cells of human umbilical-cord blood and bone marrow. The results showed that interleukin 5 induced the selective differentiation and proliferation of eosinophils. After 3 weeks in culture with interleukin 5, essentially all nonadherent cells in both bone marrow and cord blood cell cultures became eosinophilic myelocytes. Culture of the same cells with interleukin 4 resulted in the selective growth of OKT3+ lymphocytes. However, OKT3+ cells did not develop if the bone marrow cells were depleted of OKT3+/OKT11+ cells prior to the culture, indicating that interleukin 4 induced the proliferation of a subpopulation of resting T cells present in cord blood and bone marrow cell preparations. In suspension cultures of bone marrow cells and cord blood cells grown in the presence of interleukin 3, basophilic, eosinophilic, and neutrophilic myelocytes and macrophages developed within 2 weeks. By 3 weeks, however, the majority of nonadherent cells became eosinophilic myelocytes. In contrast to mouse bone marrow cell cultures, neither interleukin 3 nor a combination of interleukins 3 and 4 induced the differentiation of mast cells in human bone marrow or cord blood cell cultures. PMID- 3258427 TI - Rotation following intranigral injections of a selective D1 or a selective D2 dopamine receptor agonist in rats. AB - Injections of various nonselective dopamine agonists into the substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNpr), have been reported to produce contralateral rotation in rats. Since a number of recent dopamine receptor distribution studies have indicated a preponderance of D1 compared to D2 dopamine receptor subtypes within the SNpr, we examined the relative behavioral functions of these two subtypes within the nigra by studying rotation following unilateral, local injections of a D1 (SKF38393) and D2 (quinpirole) agonist, Significant, dose-dependent contralateral rotation was observed following injections of R,S-SKF38393. This effect was found to be stereoselective to the R- enantiomer, suggesting that the effect is receptor mediated. In contrast, quinpirole (LY171555) produced significant, dose-dependent ipsilateral rotation following nigral injection. These results suggest that the rotation seen following intranigral injections of nonselective dopamine agonists is due to the simulation of the D1 dopamine receptor, and that nigral D1 and D2 dopamine receptors may play opposite roles in the control of behavior. PMID- 3258428 TI - Effect of blood curve smearing on the accuracy of parameter estimates obtained for 82Rb/PET studies of blood-brain barrier permeability. AB - 82Rb in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to estimate the blood to brain transport rate constant (K1) for Rb and the regional brain/tumour blood volume (Vb). Errors in K1 and Vb depend upon the accuracy of the measured arterial blood radioactivity and PET-monitored brain radioactivity. Arterial blood is usually sampled by placing a catheter in the radial artery and measuring the radioactivity in blood passing continuously in front of a detector or by counting discrete blood samples in a well scintillation detector. In either case, the passage of blood through catheter/pump tubing produces a smearing of the waveform as well as a delay in the arrival of radioactivity at the blood sampling site. The change in shape of the blood curve is significant for bolus type injections and results in large errors in those model parameters which contribute substantially to the initial phase of the brain activity curve. We report here the results of computer simulations and an analysis of patient data which suggest that parameter estimation errors due to smearing and time shift may be large (greater than 50%) but that these errors can be minimised by the use of deconvolution techniques. PMID- 3258429 TI - Acceleration of wound healing with high voltage, monophasic, pulsed current. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether high voltage electrical stimulation accelerates the rate of healing of dermal ulcers. Sixteen patients with stage IV decubitis ulcers, ranging in age from 20 to 89 years, participated in the study. The patients were assigned randomly to either a Treatment Group (n = 9) or a Control Group (n = 7). Patients in the Treatment Group received daily electrical stimulation from a commercial high voltage generator. Patients in the Control Group had the electrodes applied daily but received no stimulation. The ulcers of patients in the Treatment Group healed at a mean rate of 44.8% a week and healed 100% over a mean period of 7.3 weeks. The ulcers of patients in the Control Group increased in area an average of 11.6% a week and increased 28.9% over a mean period of 7.4 weeks. The results of this study suggest that high voltage stimulation accelerates the healing rate of stage IV decubitis ulcers in human subjects. PMID- 3258430 TI - Oral administration of epidermal growth factor in suckling rats stimulates cell DNA synthesis in fundic and antral gastric mucosae as well as in intestinal mucosa and pancreas. AB - The effect of orogastrically given epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the on the development of the digestive system was examined in suckling rats. In particular, DNA synthesis in progenitor cells of the fundic, antral and ileal mucosae and of the exocrine pancreas was analyzed through tritiated thymidine injection and histoautoradiographic study. EGF (10 or 100 micrograms/kg, 3 times daily) was instilled in pups between the 11th and the 13th day of life. Controls received distilled water in a similar manner. All rats were killed 14th after the last orogastric instillation and 45 min after one pulse injection of tritiated thymidine. The highest dose of EGF increased the antral mucosal height (P less than 0.005), the mean number of epithelial cells per crypt column in ileal mucosa, as well as the cell labeling indices of fundic, antral, ileal mucosae and of pancreatic acinar tissue (P less than 0.001) as compared with controls. The lowest dose of EGF increased the cell labeling indices of antral and ileal mucosae and of the exocrine pancreas (P less than 0.001) but did not modify that of fundic mucosa as compared with controls. It is concluded that (a) orally given EGF stimulates cell proliferation in the digestive system of suckling rats, (b) antral mucosa is more sensitive to EGF than fundic mucosa, (c) it is likely that EGF is absorbed and acts systemically on the pancreas. It remains to be determined whether EGF acts systemically or by activation of luminal receptors, on fundic, antral and ileal mucosae. PMID- 3258431 TI - [Disoprivan (Propofol) sedation during regional anesthesia. A pilot study]. AB - In a preliminary pilot study, the effect of disoprivan for sedation during regional anesthesia was investigated. In 15 patients (ASA I or II), lumbar epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine 0.75% was performed at L 3/4. For premedication morphine or pethidine combined with scopolamine was given. After injection of the local anesthetic, a 30-min period was allowed for establishing the physiological side effects of epidural blockade, to present any further changes in circulatory and/or cardiac function. Disoprivan (1 mg/kg body weight) was injected i.v. followed by continuous disoprivan infusion. Three groups of 5 patients each were given 1, 1.5, or 2 mg/kg per hour disoprivan. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were studied. Recovery time and personal assessment of sleep were registered. Side-effects of clinical relevance from the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems were also registered. A dose dependent upper airway obstruction that could easily be managed by an oral or nasal airway was seen in 9 of 15 patients. Eight patients had postoperative nausea or vomiting; 9 complained of pain during the bolus injection that they could not remember postoperatively. All patients described their sleep as pleasant. Recovery time from sleep was between 1 and 12 min. All changes from normal values increased in percentage with increasing disoprivan dosage. Disoprivan (1 or 1.5 mg/kg per hour) seems to be excellent for sedation during regional anesthesia and is perhaps even superior to other available drugs. PMID- 3258432 TI - Amine fluorescence histochemical investigation of the striatum in 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced parkinsonian mice. AB - Treatment of mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) markedly decreased dopamine fluorescence in the lateral part of the striatum but not in the median part of the striatum. However, dopamine fluorescence in lateral part of the striatum recovered by treatment L-dihydroxyphenylalanine(L-DOPA). PMID- 3258433 TI - Comparative effects of 1-ethyl- and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines on catecholamine concentrations in mouse brain and heart. AB - The effects of 1-ethyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (EPTP) on striatal dopamine, cortical norepinephrine and cardiac norepinephrine concentrations in mice were compared to the effects of the 1-methyl analog (MPTP). One week after the last of four daily injections of MPTP into mice, persistent depletion of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum and of norepinephrine in the frontal cortex was found. EPTP did not produce these effects even at doses up to 4 times those of MPTP. A single dose of MPTP depleted cardiac norepinephrine 24 hrs later in mice. EPTP and the corresponding pyridinium compound (EPP+) depleted cardiac norepinephrine to a similar extent as did MPTP. These results and earlier observations show differences between the characteristics of MPTP-induced depletion of brain catecholamines and those of MPTP-induced depletion of cardiac norepinephrine. PMID- 3258434 TI - Toxicity of citreoviridin. AB - The mycotoxin citreoviridin (CIT) isolated from Penicillium citreoviride was studied to elucidate the mechanism of its toxic actions. In CF#1 mice, near lethal doses of CIT decreased motor activities, body temperature and had cataleptic effects. Male mice appeared to be more susceptible to CIT and had lower subcutaneous (sc) LD50 values and longer CIT-induced hypothermia and hypokinesia. In CIT-treated mice the weights and histology of liver, kidneys and adrenals were normal one week after sc treatment, except for the increased adrenal weights in female mice. Single doses of CIT (sc), given on either day 4 or 5 of pregnancy (perinidation period), had no adverse effect on the rates of pregnancy, implantation of ova and embryonal resorptions in those mice examined on day 12 of pregnancy. CIT (40 mg/kg ip) produced a brief electro encephalographic (EEG) activation, cardiac sinus arrhythmias and tachypnea in the rabbit. Intravenous (iv) lethal doses of CIT (greater than or equal to 5 mg/kg) caused an EEG activation followed by high voltage delta waves, increased the T wave in the electrocardiogram (ECG) and depressed the respiratory amplitude. The death caused by iv CIT started with the respiratory arrest, followed by isoelectric EEG and ECG was the last to stop. In urethane-anesthetized rabbits CIT decreased the blood pressure, and in succession it lowered, flattened and inverted the T wave of ECG suggesting heart ischemia. These observations indicated that the toxic effects of CIT resulted from respiratory and cardiovascular failures (apnea, delta EEG waves, sinus arrhythmia, hypotension) leading to central nervous system depression due to systemic hypoxia. PMID- 3258435 TI - Familial aggregation in the presence of temporal trends. AB - Models for assessing temporal trends in familial aggregation are described for both cross-sectional and longitudinal family data. Simultaneous linear structural equations on latent variables are used to model the dependence among family members. The coefficients of the equations are assumed to be parametric functions of time, so that quite complex temporal trends in familial aggregations can be accommodated. Variable family sizes and missing data values pose no problem as the parameters of the models are estimated via maximum likelihood techniques. One of the models is applied to systolic blood pressure data in 542 Japanese-American nuclear families. The results indicate limited evidence for temporal variation in the genetic expression, but that there is substantial temporal variation in environmental influences, which appear to peak at middle age. PMID- 3258436 TI - On new concepts on the pathogenesis of fever. PMID- 3258437 TI - Treatment of respiratory failure in AIDS. PMID- 3258439 TI - [Diagnosis of duodenal wall hematoma]. AB - Blunt trauma to the epigastrium is becoming an increasingly important cause of injury and may result in retroperitoneal haematoma involving the head of the pancreas as well as the descending duodenum. Ultrasound seems to be of great advantage in the diagnosis of the effects and complications of blunt abdominal trauma such as obstruction of the biliary tree, the gastric outlet and the inferior vena cava. Direct involvement of the descending duodenum seems to be relatively uncommon, intramural haematoma of the duodenum is described only rarely in the literature. Three additional cases of intramural haematoma of the duodenum are reported with particular reference to the recent literature. PMID- 3258438 TI - Oral trimethoprim as follow-up treatment of meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Successful treatment of meningitis and septicemia caused by Listeria monocytogenes with intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has previously been reported. This case report of a 13-year-old boy with meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes documents complete cure with 6 days of intravenously administered trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole followed by orally administered trimethoprim as monotherapy. PMID- 3258440 TI - [Postoperative analgesia]. PMID- 3258441 TI - [New intravenous anesthetics]. PMID- 3258442 TI - [Fibroblastic rheumatism. A clinical and histological entity]. AB - In 1980 was described for the first time a disease which seemed unknown until then. From that time three cases have been published. The current study summarizes their common characteristic, combining joint involvements to nodular type involvements to systemic involvement, i.e. a specific histology. This entity has been named fibroblastic rheumatism. Nosologically, it is situated between juvenile fibroblastoses without joint involvement and with nodules, and adult sclerodermis with joint and systemic involvement without nodules. PMID- 3258443 TI - Oral mucosal lesions in patients with acute leukemia and related disorders during cytotoxic therapy. AB - This study reports the presence of oral mucosal lesions in 26 patients with acute leukemia during the initial weeks of treatment (induction period). For comparison, three groups of patients without malignant disorders (acute disorders, long-term hospitalization, antibiotic treatment) were included. All patients were treated at the University Hospital of Umea, Sweden. During the period of hospitalization hemorrhages were seen in 14 of the 26 patients with leukemia. No specific location was found. A correlation between presence of hemorrhages and low platelet counts was noted. Eighteen of the patients revealed ulcerations during the period. Ulcerations were predominantly found on the buccal mucosa, the lips, and the tongue. A tendency to an increase in the number and severity of ulcers was noted during the period of induction therapy. A correlation between presence of ulcers and low granulocyte counts was found. Candidiasis-like changes were seen in eight of the patients with leukemia. Compared with the patients with leukemia the patients in the reference groups showed a low prevalence of oral mucosal lesions. PMID- 3258444 TI - Interleukin-1 immunoreactive innervation of the human hypothalamus. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a cytokine that mediates the acute phase reaction. Many of the actions of IL-1 involve direct effects on the central nervous system. However, IL-1 has not previously been identified as an intrinsic component within the brain, except in glial cells. An antiserum directed against human IL-1 beta was used to stain the human brain immunohistochemically for IL-1 beta-like immunoreactive neural elements. IL-1 beta-immunoreactive fibers were found innervating the key endocrine and autonomic cell groups that control the central components of the acute phase reaction. These results indicate that IL-1 may be an intrinsic neuromodulator in central nervous system pathways that mediate various metabolic functions of the acute phase reaction, including the body temperature changes that produce the febrile response. PMID- 3258445 TI - Cross-sectional study of uranium mine workers to develop predictive equations for lung functions with reference to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - As the first part of a prospective epidemiological study of the lung function and dust exposure of workers at the Rossing Uranium Mine in SWA/Namibia, various measurements of lung function of 1,407 workers were carried out. This was necessary in order to follow up any chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that might develop. The opportunity was used to test existing prediction formulae and to develop formulae for normal values for workers at the Rossing mine. PMID- 3258446 TI - [Transcutaneous nerve stimulation. Evaluation of a method used in the treatment of chronic musculo-skeletal pain in general practice]. PMID- 3258447 TI - [Left ventricular dysfunction due to ischemia. Effects of coronary surgery]. PMID- 3258448 TI - Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine on striatal dopamine receptors in C57BL/6 mice. AB - The effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a neurotoxin which selectively destroys the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and produces Parkinson's disease-like syndrome, on striatal dopamine receptors was determined in a mouse strain known to be very sensitive to the neurotoxic effect of MPTP. Daily intraperitoneal administration of MPTP (30 mg/kg) for 7 days to male C57BL/6 mice reduced the concentration of striatal dopamine by 90%. This decrease in dopamine concentration was not associated with changes either in the receptor density (Bmax) or the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of [3H]spiroperidol to bind to striatal dopamine receptors. It is concluded that in spite of large decrease in striatal dopamine concentration by MPTP the dopamine receptors labeled with [3H]spiroperidol remain intact. PMID- 3258449 TI - Detection of cell surface antigens in tissue sections by means of pre-embedding immunogold staining. AB - The immunogold technique has been used in electron microscopy to detect cytoplasmic and extracellular antigens by postembedding techniques. It has also been used to detect plasma-membrane-associated molecules on suspended cells and, recently, to visualize cell surface antigens in ultrathin sections of Lowicryl embedded specimens. In the present study, cell surface antigens of rat kidney and human skin were identified in tissue sections by using pre-embedding immunogold labeling. Brush border microvillar antigens and dermal lymphocyte antigens both bound numerous gold particles. The immunogold staining described here has the advantage over immunoperoxidase procedures that is not subject to diffusion or reabsorption artifacts, and allows estimation of the antigen density on labeled cells. Furthermore, this pre-embedding immunogold technique is ideally suited to detecting cell surface-associated antigens since it preserves antigenicity, allows gold particle penetration and enhances cell membrane profiles. PMID- 3258450 TI - [Functional stability of the equilibrium system in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media]. PMID- 3258451 TI - [Upper respiratory tract function in patients with Kartagener syndrome]. PMID- 3258452 TI - [Lyme disease and HLA-DR antigens: relation between HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR4]. PMID- 3258453 TI - [What is the contribution of intuitive diagnosis in cardiac pain?]. AB - This study reports on a new type of experiment developed by the author for general practice and tested over a period of 1 1/2 years. In the course of the test period all patients presenting with uncharacteristic precordial pain were once again solely counselled according to the dictate of experience. Previously the author had based his diagnosis on intuitive assessment over 25 years, followed by a further period of 10 years in which he had acted according to a programmed schedule as far as possible. The consulations were recorded on tape during the period and this recording was subsequently tested against the parameter supplied by the specific diagnostic programme. The outcome of the test was even less favourable than had been anticipated. The young doctor can work appreciably more efficiently without any further investment, than previously. It follows that it would appear essential to proceed in general practice according to the outlined programme given for 86 problematic situations. PMID- 3258454 TI - [Electronic data processing-assisted documentation in gastroenterologic endoscopy. Simultaneous archiving and report]. AB - A new computer programme for documentation in endoscopy is presented. Separate numeric codes each for main diagnosis, histology, type of complication and therapeutic management provide flexibility for every kind of endoscopic investigation. The ICD Veska Code, a code of group diagnosis, was chosen for the main diagnosis and expanded by one digit. This allows the addition of topical and/or other differential diagnostic features to the main diagnosis. As a result we have a code with typical endoscopic diagnostic patterns. The system provides a direct printout without the requirement of any further provisions. The numeric code ensures simple statistic evaluation of all important data. PMID- 3258455 TI - [Value of computer-assisted, digital long-term ECG analysis in clinical routine practice]. AB - At present the Holter method (HM) is a frequently used investigational procedure in the clinical routine. It was the aim of a prospective study to evaluate the HM from the user's point of view. Therefore a questionnaire was attached to each analysis report including two main questions, which should be answered by the referring physician: Does the analysis result fulfill the consumer's needs? What consequences are drawn due to the HM results? Among 675 questionnaires returned to the laboratory 75% of the referring physicians felt satisfied by the HM result. Disappointments were predominantly related to too infrequently occurring episodes, which did not appear during one 24-hour recording period. Evaluation of therapy (89%), recording prior to antiarrhythmic therapy (84%) and quantification of well-known arrhythmias were the most successful indications of HM. The tremendous daily variability of infrequent symptoms or arrhythmias were the main causes for unsatisfactory results. A successful HM led predominantly to therapeutic consequences (begin, continuation, change or withdrawal of anti arrhythmic drugs). In 25% HM was not followed by further therapeutic or diagnostic consequences, so that the indication for the HM should be reevaluated! Diagnostic consequences included repeated HM, ECG-Telephone-Transmission consequences heart catheterisation or electrophysiological procedures. In summary the Holter method satisfies the physician's demands if the expectations do not exceed the limitations of the method. PMID- 3258456 TI - [Epidemiology and control strategies of cerebrovascular infarct in East Germany]. PMID- 3258457 TI - [Boerhaave syndrome--atraumatic total esophageal rupture]. AB - Report on a 69-year-old male with spontaneous atraumatic rupture of the oesophagus (Boerhaave's syndrome) in clinically mentioned chronic abuse of alcohol and massive vomiting which preceded the event. Discussion of causes, differential diagnosis, therapy as well as of forensic aspects of this syndrome. PMID- 3258458 TI - [Initial experiences with the effect of chronic intermittent electromyostimulation in patients with hyperlipoproteinemias and arterial circulatory disorders]. AB - Metabolic and clinical effects of an original electromyostimulation are explained which induces muscle contractions by changes of the field intensity in the region of microseconds in forms of delivered impulse groups. On account of the good local compatibility due to optimal irritation parameters the muscle stimulator was suitable for a long-term application. Examinations on 23 patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia and mixed HLP (n = 15) and primary hypercholesterolaemia (n = 8) after a 2 times 2 hours/day mutual stimulation of the femoral musculature in a frequency of 2 s-1 lasting four weeks yielded a significant decrease of the triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations as well as an increase of the HDL cholesterol in mixed HLP-forms. Examinations not yet finished refer to an increase of the extrahepatic activity of the postheparin-lipoprotein lipase and to the concentration of the HDL2-cholesterol. An influence of the hypercholesterolaemia IIa could not be made evident. An electrostimulation performed for 3 months in 8 patients with obliterating arteriosclerosis resulted in a more sufficient collateral blood supply of the legs. The long-term use of the device was unobjectionable also under ambulatory conditions. On the basis of additionally gathered experiences further indications of an electrostimulation were cited. Possible variations of the electrostimulation irritation parameters might make accessible further fields for the preventive and curative medicine. PMID- 3258459 TI - Functional activities of human antibody induced by the capsular polysaccharide or polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - To determine the in vitro and in vivo activity of human antibody induced by different Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines, pooled human antisera obtained from adults immunized with either polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) or PRP-conjugated with diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D) vaccines were evaluated for opsonic and protective activity against Hib. In vitro, opsonophagocytic studies revealed that PRP-D induced antisera were approximately 2.5-fold more effective than PRP induced antisera in supporting neutrophil-mediated killing of an Hib strain. In vivo studies using the infant rat model or Hib disease revealed that the decay of PRP antibody was similar with PRP or PRP-D induced antisera in unchallenged rats. However, in infant rats challenged with Hib, the PRP induced antibody decayed more rapidly than the PRP-D induced antibody as shown by significantly shorter half-life of the former. The protective efficacy was significantly greater with the PRP-D induced antisera than with the PRP induced antisera. This finding was shown by the significantly lower incidence of bacteraemia and the 5-fold lower dose of antibody required for 50% protection against bacteraemia in rats receiving the PRP-D induced antisera. The findings suggest that antibody to PRP induced by PRP-D vaccine is more opsonic and protective against Hib, and also decays more slowly in infant rats challenged with Hib than does antibody induced by PRP vaccine. Further studies are needed to elucidate the reason(s) for this difference in functional activity and in half-life of PRP antibody induced by PRP or by PRP-D vaccines. PMID- 3258460 TI - Pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Case report. AB - A rare case of pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery caused by acute cholecystitis is reported. During the severe inflammatory process the common bile duct, duodenum and transverse colon were eroded, in addition to the cystic artery. Findings at computed tomography prompted celiac angiography, which confirmed the preoperative diagnosis. Surgery was successful. PMID- 3258461 TI - Electro-oculographic routine examination in Parkinson's disease. AB - The authors studied a group of 36 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease by electro-oculographic examination in order to evaluate the most frequent vestibular and oculomotor findings. Vestibular alterations were detected mainly in caloric nystagmus (82.9%). Hyperreflectivity was the most frequent evidence, but it does not necessarily represent the sign of a lesion. The occurrence of spontaneous and evoked nystagmus was not significant. Oculomotor findings were more interesting, as they were altered in two-thirds of the cases. Particularly, saccadic eye movements presented a "multiple step" morphology in 58.3% of the series. This saccadic disarrangement was scarcely found in neurological patients with brainstem and/or cerebellum pathology (7.7%). Moreover, in Parkinson's disease patients no other saccadic alterations typical of brainstem or cerebellum involvement were found. Such observations suggest a possible non-cerebellar origin of "multiple step". Vestibular and oculomotor findings were not significantly correlated with the clinical features of the patients. PMID- 3258462 TI - Neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis. A long term follow-up study. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) was isolated from eyes of 33 out of 160 infants with neonatal conjunctivitis. In nineteen (58%) of the infants with chlamydial conjunctivitis Ct could also be isolated from the nasopharynx. All infants were treated with oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate 25 mg/kg every 12 hours for 14 days combined with lid hygiene. All were clinically cured, and none had a relapse of clinical Ct conjunctivitis during an observation period of one year. However, one infant had persistent asymptomatic chlamydial eye infection, two displayed a persistent infection of the nasopharynx, and one infant's vagina was infected despite therapy. Serum IgG antibodies to Ct were significantly more often detected in clinical cases (90%) than in controls (33%) (p less than 0.01). Infants with conjunctivitis developed detectable IgM antibodies to Ct in 43% as compared to 7% in controls (p less than 0.01). PMID- 3258463 TI - Early heart failure in the population. The study of men born in 1913. AB - A cross-sectional analysis of characteristics possibly associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) was performed among 644 men, all 67 years of age and randomly selected from the general population. A total of 13% had symptoms and signs of overt CHF. Another 10% had early or "latent" CHF. Among overt CHF cases, 46% had hypertension, 55% coronary heart disease and 79% any one of these conditions. Among "latent" CHF cases, the corresponding proportions were 52%, 25% and 65%. Simple indices of left ventricular diastolic function and filling pressure as well as of pulmonary artery pressure were closer related to the CHF stage, than were measures of systolic left ventricular function. Smoking habits, hypertension, blood lipids, weight and other measures of body fat, blood glucose, and serum insulin were all correlated to CHF stage. In a multivariate analysis, smoking habits, hypertension, body weight, and serum insulin were independently and significantly correlated to CHF stage. PMID- 3258464 TI - Inhibition by cartilage and bone marrow fractions of cartilage resorption induced by interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor. PMID- 3258465 TI - The production of interleukin-1 induced by an acute non-specific inflammation in mice. PMID- 3258466 TI - Oxygen metabolism and eicosanoid formation of alveolar macrophages of Haemophilus influenzae-treated guinea pigs. PMID- 3258467 TI - Prevalence and significance of atrial fibrillation in coronary artery disease (CASS Registry). AB - Estimates of the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with coronary artery disease have varied from "frequent" to less than 2%. Data on 18,343 patients with angiographically demonstrated CAD in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry were reviewed and AF was found to be present in 116 (0.6%) patients. The presence of AF was positively associated with the following clinical and angiographic variables: older age, sex (male), mitral regurgitation and functional impairment due to congestive heart failure. The number of diseased coronary arteries was negatively related to the presence of AF. Atrial fibrillation was an independent predictor of survival and its presence doubled the estimated risk over those patients without AF. PMID- 3258468 TI - A comparative study of thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography and electrocardiography in Duchenne and other types of muscular dystrophy. AB - Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using thallium-201 was compared with 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) in patients with Duchenne (29), facioscapulohumeral (7), limb-girdle (6) and myotonic (5) dystrophies, by dividing the left ventricular (LV) wall into 5 segments. SPECT showed thallium defects (37 patients, mostly in the posteroapical wall), malrotation (23), apical aneurysm (5) and dilatation (7). ECG showed abnormal QRS (36 patients), particularly as a posterolateral pattern (13). Both methods of assessment were normal in only 7 patients. The Duchenne type frequently showed both a thallium defect (particularly in the posteroapical wall) and an abnormal QRS (predominantly in the posterolateral wall); the 3 other types showed abnormalities over the 5 LV wall segments in both tests. The percent of agreement between the 2 tests was 64, 66, 70, 72 and 72 for the lateral, apical, anteroseptal, posterior and inferior walls, respectively. The 2 tests were discordant in 31% of the LV wall, with SPECT (+) but ECG (-) in 21% (mostly in the apicoinferior wall) and SPECT (-) but ECG (+) in 10% (mostly in the lateral wall). Some patients showed large SPECT hypoperfusion despite minimal electrocardiographic changes. ECG thus appeared to underestimate LV fibrosis and to reflect posteroapical rather than posterolateral dystrophy in its posterolateral QRS pattern. In this disease, extensive SPECT hypoperfusion was also shown, irrespective of clinical subtype and skeletal involvement. PMID- 3258469 TI - Effects of age and estrogen on renal vitamin D metabolism in the female rat. AB - Young and adult, intact and ovariectomized female rats were used to study the effects of increasing age and estrogen loss on the conversion of 25 hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D] to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D] and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25(OH)2D]. The recovery level of radioactivity in plasma as 1,25(OH)2D after [3H]25(OH)D administration was lower in older animals; ovariectomy reduced [3H]1,25(OH)2D recovery in both young and adult animals. 1,25(OH)2D synthesis by kidney slices was reduced in all adult animals and in ovariectomized young animals. Calcium absorption was also lower in adult animals and in young ovariectomized animals then in controls. Beta estradiol administration increased recovery of [3H]1,25(OH)2D but not [3H]24,25(OH)2D, which is parallel to the general lack of effect of ovariectomy on 24,25(OH)2D production. Parathyroidectomy eliminated the estrogen effect on 1,25(OH)2D production. Thus, estrogen loss and advancing age reduced 1,25(OH)2D production and Ca absorption independently, the estrogen effect being mediated via the parathyroid gland. PMID- 3258470 TI - DRC antigen expression in B-cell lymphomas. AB - DRC (dendritic reticulum cell) antigen expression was studied in 38 cases of B cell lymphomas including follicular lymphoma. The results of this study showed DRC-1 to be expressed in 1/3 of small lymphocytic; 3/3 of mantle zone lymphoma (MZL); 10/10 of follicular, small cleaved; 6/7 of follicular, mixed; 1/2 of follicular, large cell lymphomas. However, DRC-1 was not expressed in any of diffuse, small cleaved (0/6) and diffuse, large cell (0/6). Although S-100 protein was positive in the majority of these DRC-1-positive cases on the paraffin embedded specimens, positive nodules were less intense and smaller in number compared with those of DRC-1 on frozen tissue specimens. These results suggest that in case of small lymphocytic lymphoma found to be positive for DRC 1, the networks of the DRCs are expressed in the pseudofollicular proliferation centers. This study also suggests that the networks of the DRCs newly appear accompanying the neoplastic growth rather than originating from residual germinal centers, and that neoplastic small cleaved cells play a major role in inducing the DRCs in the positive cases of follicular lymphoma, MZL, and small lymphocytic lymphoma. PMID- 3258471 TI - Exercise and psychologic well-being in the community. AB - In a representative sample of 401 adults in Illinois in 1984, the authors found that increased participation in exercise, sports, and physical activities is associated with improved psychologic well-being. Part of this association is through improved subjective physical health. The authors controlled for potentially confounding factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, instrumentalism, and overweight. They concluded that exercise is associated with decreased symptoms of depression (feelings that life is not worthwhile, low spirits, etc.), anxiety (restlessness, tension, etc.), and malaise (rundown feeling, trouble sleeping, etc.) in the general population, most of which is not severely depressed, and in which many persons are engaged in moderate, nonaerobic exercise. PMID- 3258472 TI - Cause of death in hemophilia A patients in the United States from 1968 to 1979. AB - Death data on 949 hemophiliacs for the years 1968-1979 have been analyzed. The median age at death has increased from 33 to 55 years. There was no evidence of new diseases caused by the more intensive therapy during this time interval. The leading infectious disease was hepatitis, accounting for eight deaths. Only one acute hepatitis death was listed after 1974, when sensitive tests for hepatitis B antigen screening of plasma were implemented. Cirrhosis was a primary or associated cause of death in 76 cases (8%) and pneumonia was a primary or associated cause of death in 62 deaths (6.5%). The types of malignancies in hemophiliacs were similar to those in the male US population with no evidence of excessive retrovirus malignancies prior to infection with HIV-1. PMID- 3258473 TI - Myelopoietic effect of bone marrow fibroblasts cultured from patients with myelofibrosis. AB - Bone marrow fibroblasts (BMF) have been shown to be able to support granulopoiesis. The present studies were designed to see whether BMF in patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) are also able to support granulopoiesis. Myeloid colony-stimulating activity (CSA) was assayed in BMF derived from the three groups of patients. 1) Group I: Patients with hip fracture but without underlying hematological disease; patients with solid tumor but without bone marrow metastasis; and patients with iron deficiency anemia. 2) Group II: Patients with myeloproliferative disorders other than AMM. 3) Group III: Patients with AMM or myelofibrosis with prior history of polycythemia vera. CSA was determined in a bilayer agar culture system in which BMF served as a feeder layer and either mouse or human marrow cells were employed as target cells. There was no difference of CSA production by BMF among these three patient groups. These studies suggest that BMF cultured from patients with myelofibrosis exhibit similar myeloid stimulating activity as do BMF from other patients. A significant correlation was also found between CSA production by BMF and white blood cell counts in patients with myelofibrosis (group III). This suggests that BMF may have a role in either supporting or producing CSA for granulopoiesis in myelofibrosis. PMID- 3258474 TI - Type IIB von Willebrand's disease associated with a complex thrombocytopenic thrombocytopathy. AB - A familial bleeding disorder characterized by an association of Type IIB von Willebrand's disease (vWD) with a complex thrombocytopenic thrombocytopathy is described in two patients from the same generation. Findings typical of type IIB vWD included enhanced ristocetin-induced binding of patient von Willebrand factor (vWF) to platelets of patients and normal individuals in association with the absence of larger multimers from plasma. Abnormalities in platelet function included deficient platelet aggregation to ADP, collagen, epinephrine, and arachidonic acid; and defective release of 14C-serotonin, vWF, and platelet factor 4 (PF4) in response to thrombin, collagen, or ADP. Platelet factor 4 and platelet vWF were decreased when measured per mg of total platelet protein. In addition, the binding of normal vWF to patient platelets stimulated with thrombin was decreased. Platelet size was increased with a very heterogeneous distribution width. Electron microscopic evaluation showed giant platelets with dense and alpha bodies present. The platelet count was borderline or slightly decreased in the resting state and declined to frankly thrombocytopenic levels at the time of acute bleeding episodes; this state was associated with the presence of platelet aggregates in blood smears. PMID- 3258475 TI - Immunophenotyping of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Correlation with relapse-free survival. AB - In a retrospective analysis the authors studied the relation between the immunologic phenotype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and disease-free survival. The phenotype included immunoglobulin isotypes; B-cell maturation/differentiation antigens of clusters of differentiation CD9, CD10, CD19-24, CD37, CD38; T-lymphocyte antigens in CD5-7; HLA-DR; peanut agglutinin binding capacity; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase; the activation marker CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor); and the proliferation marker transferrin receptor. The phenotype and clinical data were available for 109 patients. Two patients underwent bone marrow transplantation, and 15 patients (with low or intermediate grade NHL) did not receive treatment intended to achieve complete remission. These 17 cases were excluded from the analysis. For individual markers, CD23 expression was associated with a longer actuarial disease-free survival (50% survival in CD23-positive cases was 40 months; and in CD23-negative cases, 16 months; P = 0.01). Among the total study population of 92 patients, this finding applied in particular to those with a low-grade malignancy according to the Kiel classification (P = 0.03). In high-grade NHL (Kiel classification) the absence of CD38 or presence of CD24 on tumor cells correlated with a higher degree of disease-free survival (P values 0.009 and 0.04, respectively). For a combination of five CD markers associated with stages in physiologic B-lymphocyte maturation/differentiation (CD9, CD10, CD21-23), the lowest measure of disease free survival was observed where NHLs were at an immature stage, and the greatest extent of survival where NHLs were associated with a resting B-cell stage (P = 0.006). These statistical significances aside, the detailed immunologic phenotyping has relatively little prognostic value when compared with that of the malignancy grade assessed by conventional histopathology. PMID- 3258476 TI - Electrode sandwich technique: a method for studying K+ transport in renal cells. AB - Distal tubules were harvested from frog kidney and placed on the membrane of a K+ selective macroelectrode. Then the renal tissue was covered with a dialysis membrane to produce a closed extracellular compartment with a constant volume (40 microliter). K+ fluxes in and out of the cells could be determined, since the steady-state K+ activity during constant perfusion changed to a new steady state when perfusion was stopped. Inhibition of passive K+ permeability by the addition of Ba2+ resulted in K+ uptake by the cells because of the function of the Na+-K+ pump. Inhibition of the pump by the addition of ouabain led to K+ efflux from cells reflecting the passive K+ permeability. Because K+ net movement under control conditions (no Ba2+ or ouabain) results from both uptake and efflux, subtraction of K+ uptake (in the presence of Ba2+) from control K+ net flux reveals the passive K+ efflux. This value agrees well with that obtained with ouabain. Furosemide led to a significant K+ shift from the extracellular compartment into the intracellular compartment. Reduction of extracellular pH from 7.8 to 6.0 decreased the rate of K+ uptake by 39 +/- 7% and the K+ leak by 51 +/- 11%. We conclude that K+ uptake and K+ release can be functionally separated. This so-called "electrode sandwich technique" permits evaluation of pump and leak independently in the same cell population. PMID- 3258477 TI - Vascular injury in dogs during ischemia-reperfusion: improvement with ATP-MgCl2 pretreatment. AB - The aim of this study was to determine whether ATP-MgCl2 or isoproterenol pretreatment would attenuate the increase in canine gracilis muscle vascular resistance and permeability associated with 4 h of occlusive ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion. To this end, the osmotic reflection coefficient for total plasma proteins (omega), isogravimetric capillary pressure (Pci), precapillary resistance (Ra), postcapillary resistance (Rv), and total vascular resistance (Rt) were determined for the following conditions: control, ischemia, and ischemia plus pretreatment with ATP-MgCl2 or isoproterenol. Reperfusion, after ischemia, significantly reduced omega from 0.94 +/- 0.02 to 0.64 +/- 0.02, whereas Pci was decreased by 50 +/- 4%, indicating a dramatic increase in vascular permeability. Ischemia-reperfusion was also associated with an increase in Rt of 230 +/- 22%. Similar results were obtained in muscles pretreated with isoproterenol. However, in muscles pretreated with ATP-MgCl2, omega averaged 0.98 +/- 0.09, Pci was reduced by only 15 +/- 8%, and Rt was increased by just 25 +/- 12%. The effect of ATP-MgCl2 on neutrophilic oxidative metabolism was evaluated by measuring superoxide production by activated neutrophils in the presence and absence of ATP-MgCl2. Superoxide production by activated neutrophils was significantly attenuated by ATP-MgCl2. The results of these studies indicate that pretreatment with ATP-MgCl2, but not isoproterenol, is remarkably effective in attenuating the increase in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and permeability induced by ischemia-reperfusion. The protective effect of ATP-MgCl2 may be related in part to its ability to inhibit neutrophilic superoxide production. PMID- 3258478 TI - Pattern differences in experimental fevers induced by endotoxin, endogenous pyrogen, and prostaglandins. AB - To distinguish pattern differences in experimentally induced fevers, we investigated febrile responses induced by intravenous (IV), intracerebroventricular (ICV), and intra-preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (POA) administration of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), endogenous pyrogen (EP), human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1), and prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha). Intravenous LPS, EP, or IL-1 in high concentrations caused biphasic fever. In low concentrations, they induced only the first phase of fever. Latency to onset and time to first peak of fever induced by IV injection of LPS or EP were almost the same as those after ICV or POA injection of PGE2. Fever induced by ICV or POA administration of LPS, EP, IL 1, or PGF2 alpha had a long latency to onset and a prolonged time course. There were significant differences among the latencies to fever onset exhibited by groups that received ICV or POA injections of LPS, EP, or PGF2 alpha and by groups given IV injections of LPS or EP and ICV or POA injections of PGE2. Present observations indicate different patterns of fever produced by several kinds of pyrogens when given by various routes. These results permit us to consider the possibility that there are several mediators or multiprocesses underlying the pathogenesis of fever. PMID- 3258479 TI - Incidence of depression and anxiety: the Stirling County Study. AB - Prevalence studies in psychiatric epidemiology out-number incidence investigations by a wide margin. This report gives descriptive information about the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders in a general population. Using data gathered in a 16-year follow-up of an adult sample selected as part of the Stirling County Study (Canada), the incidence of these types of disorders was found to be approximately nine cases per 1,000 persons per year. The data suggest that for every man who became ill for the first time with one of these disorders, three women became ill. Incidence tended to be higher among relatively young persons. These incidence rates are consistent with prevalence rates of approximately 10 per cent to 15 per cent for depression and anxiety disorders aggregated together, given an estimated average duration of illness of about 10 years. It is concluded that these incidence rates are fairly realistic in view of evidence that disorders of these types tend to be chronic. PMID- 3258480 TI - Hallucinations after propofol. PMID- 3258481 TI - The pH-dependent local anesthetic activity of diethylaminoethanol, a procaine metabolite. AB - To test whether the products of procaine hydrolysis have local anesthetic actions resembling those of procaine, the authors compared the ability of procaine and its metabolites diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) and para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to block compound action potentials in excised, desheathed frog and rat sciatic nerves. Studies were performed in solutions of impermeant buffers at pH 7.4 (corresponding to mammalian physiologic pH) and at pH 9.2 (close to the pKa of procaine and DEAE) to test for extracellular pH-dependent increases in drug permeation and potency. Both procaine and DEAE inhibited compound action potentials at pH 7.4 and 9.2 in a reversible and dose-dependent manner, and both were approximately ten-fold more potent at pH 9.2 than at pH 7.4, procaine inhibiting the action potential height by 50% at 0.15 mM (pH 9.2) and 1.1 mM (pH 7.4), DEAE at 4 mM (pH 9.2) and 70 mM (pH 7.4). In contrast, PABA at concentrations up to 25 mM and at either pH failed to inhibit compound action potentials, and did not modify the effects of DEAE when both drugs were given together. Procaine produced greater use-dependent block at the higher pH and at higher stimulation rates (100 Hz vs. 40 Hz); DEAE produced almost no use dependent block. These observations suggest: 1) that DEAE might account for some of the neuropharmacologic activity of procaine in techniques that favor the accumulation of metabolites (such as those requiring large doses or prolonged infusions); and 2) that alkalinization of procaine and DEAE solutions appears to increase their potency for both resting and use-dependent block of action potentials. PMID- 3258482 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in a colony of dogs. AB - A colony of dogs was obtained by the mating of a female German Shepherd Dog crossbred and a male Belgian Shepherd Dog crossbred, both with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The colony also contained 16 dogs representing F1, F2, and F3 generations. Ten colony dogs had circulating antinuclear antibodies, and 5 of the 10 had clinical signs of SLE. Two F3-generation females had signs of severe SLE. Two dogs had antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen, notably 1 dog had antibodies to Smith (Sm) antigen and 1 had antibodies to Sjogren syndrome A (SSA) antigen. Thymulin (serum thymic factor associated with zinc) titers were generally low in the descendants, but fluctuations were detected within the same dog. In vitro response of lymphocytes from these colony dogs to concanavalin A was maximal for lower mitogenic concentrations, compared with response of lymphocytes from 10 healthy dogs. The suppressive lymphocyte activity in 6 autoimmune colony dogs was diminished in comparison with the activity in 5 nonautoimmune colony dogs and 6 healthy dogs. PMID- 3258483 TI - Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Diagnostic and prognostic significance. AB - The level of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has been reported to be useful as a marker of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this study, we evaluated the clinical role of measurements of LDH in determining diagnosis and prognosis in 84 patients infected with HIV who presented with pulmonary problems. The mean serum LDH level of the 54 patients with PCP was 361 IU, which was significantly higher than the mean of 224 IU found in the 30 patients with other causes of pulmonary disease (p less than 0.001). Overlap of individual values occurred between the 2 groups. Levels greater than 450 IU consistently predicted PCP in our population, however, and normal values were found in only 7% of the patients with PCP. LDH levels in a group of 8 patients who developed PCP from conventional causes of immunosuppression were similar to those seen in PCP associated with HIV. LDH determinations prior to the episode of PCP were available in 45 patients and 39 (87%) showed an increase of greater than 50 IU at the time of diagnosis. The mean LDH in those who survived PCP was 340 IU, which was significantly less than the mean of 447 IU found in those who died (p less than 0.05). Significant overlap between the groups precluded use of the LDH as a predictor of mortality in an individual patient. Serial determinations of LDH during treatment for PCP showed that 27 of 36 (75%) of the survivors had gradual decreases of LDH, whereas 9 of 12 (75%) nonsurvivors had rising values during treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258484 TI - Respiratory diseases and cigarette smoking in a Hispanic population in New Mexico. AB - We have conducted a cross-sectional study of Hispanic residents of a community in New Mexico. A total of 2,111 subjects were recruited from 733 households; the overall participation rates were 68.1% for males and 78.9% for females. For all subjects, a standardized respiratory symptoms questionnaire was completed, spirometric testing was performed, and saliva and end-tidal breath samples were obtained. As in other populations, chronic respiratory symptoms were uncommon in children, and asthma was more prevalent in boys than in girls. In adults, physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis and emphysema were less prevalent in this population than in a previously studied sample of non-Hispanic whites in New Mexico. Spirometric testing was confirmatory; less than 1% of the Hispanic males and females had chronic air-flow obstruction. The prevalence of cigarette usage in the Hispanics was comparable to data from non-Hispanic whites in New Mexico and from nationwide surveys. However, daily cigarette consumption by the Hispanics in this sample tended to be low, as found in previous studies in New Mexico and elsewhere. PMID- 3258485 TI - Perilymph fistula: the Stanford experience. AB - Seventy-eight tympanotomies were performed to determine the presence of perilymph fistulas (PLFs); of these, 51% were found. The oval and round windows of all patients were grafted, whether PLFs were present or not. Of those patients with PLFs, 64% had resolution of their major symptom; when no PLF was found, 44% had a similar outcome. We concluded that 1) PLFs often behave as if they are epiphenomena in relation to hearing and balance, 2) PLFs can be intermittent, 3) PLF surgery is disappointing for restoration of hearing in sudden hearing loss when compared to the rate of spontaneous recovery, 4) stabilizing a fluctuating or progressive loss is a more realistic goal, and 5) establishing preoperative criteria for exploration is still a problem. PMID- 3258486 TI - Auditory and vestibular disorders due to barotrauma. AB - In order to investigate auditory and vestibular disorders caused by barotrauma, 12 guinea pigs were exposed to compression and decompression between 1 absolute pressure (ATA) and 2 ATA in a pressure chamber. During the atmospheric pressure change, spontaneous nystagmus occurred in two thirds of the animals. Auditory dysfunction that showed the difference between the right and left ears was confirmed by auditory brain stem response and Preyer's reflex in the animals with spontaneous nystagmus. Damage to the organ of Corti was the most significant cause for the auditory dysfunction. Though findings attributed to the rupture of the round window membrane were recognized in four ears, the rupture or hemorrhage of the round window membrane was not the direct cause of the auditory dysfunction. The significance of the round window membrane rupture is discussed. PMID- 3258487 TI - Human leukocyte antigen-A, -B, -C tissue types in patients with middle ear cholesteatoma. AB - Two series of consecutive, nonrelated patients with middle ear cholesteatoma verified by operation were tissue typed for human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) in order to demonstrate any associations. The first series (102 patients) showed only a possible increase of HLA-B8 and HLA-A2. Because HLA-B8 is one of the antigens most often involved in associations with organ-specific autoimmune diseases, and because of the close relationship between HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3, the second series (48 patients) was tissue typed for these two antigens. This second series showed a similar increase of HLA-B8/DR3, but the difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 3258489 TI - [Colonic complications of acute pancreatitis. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 3258488 TI - Immunologic responses against lipopolysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae in patients with acute sinusitis. AB - The serum antibodies against lipopolysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae were measured in acute and convalescent phase sera from 30 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of antibodies in the maxillary antral secretions were also measured. In convalescent phase sera from 15 patients with acute sinusitis due to H influenzae, there was a threefold, 1.5-fold, and threefold increase in the geometric mean titers of IgG, IgM, and IgA, respectively. In antral secretions, titers were significantly higher (p less than .01) in culture-positive patients than in culture-negative patients for all antibodies. These data indicate that the immune system has the ability to respond systemically and locally with specific antibodies against lipopolysaccharide of H influenzae. PMID- 3258490 TI - [Surgery of coronary revascularization in patients over 70. Apropos of 40 cases]. AB - 40 of the 900 patients operated upon for aorto-coronary bypass grafting between January 1980 and October 1984, were over 70 years old (mean 71.1; range: 70-76 years old). 25 had severe angina pectoris (class III or IV) and 15 of them had emergency surgery. An average of 2 grafts per patient was performed with 3 deaths and 3 myocardial infarcts in the peri-operative period. Patients had an average of 21 months follow-up (range 5 years, 3 months); in that period 2 deaths due to myocardial infarction, 3 persistent angina pectoris (class II) and 32 asymptomatic patients were observed. These results illustrate advances in cardiac surgery, anesthesia and postoperative management. Coronary surgery may therefore be performed in patients over 70 years old with an acceptable operative risk and satisfactory longterm results. PMID- 3258491 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of 570 first trimester chorionic villi samplings: technique and results. AB - In this report we present our experience based on 570 chorionic villi samplings performed by the transcervical method at 8 to 12 weeks gestation. Cytogenetic results were obtained for 551 samples, hence a failure rate of 3.33%. The previously described technique was modified by prolonging the incubation period to 48 hours. The total number of abnormalities was 26, which represents 4.71% of our sample. Of 24 chromosomal abnormalities, 21 were unbalanced and 3 were balanced of parental origin. Five discordant cases are thoroughly discussed. PMID- 3258492 TI - Chromosomal localization of a bovine male specific probe. AB - The B.C.1.2. probe, a fairly repeated sequence of the bovine male genome, was located by in situ hybridization on cattle karyotype. Of a total of 711 silver grains, 139 (19.5%) clustered on chromosome Y and about 71% of the grains were located on the short arm. This Y specific bovine male probe could be useful for routine embryo sexing in connection with embryo transfer. PMID- 3258493 TI - The 22q distal trisomy syndrome in a recombinant child. AB - A 4-month-old male infant with 22q distal trisomy and karyotype 46,XY,rec(22), dup q,inv(22)(q13q12)mat is reported. This and six previous similar instances are compared, and a distinct syndrome is delineated as follows: growth and psychomotor retardation, microcephaly or hydrocephaly, brain malformation, defective skull ossification, hypertelorism, narrow palpebral fissures, short broad nose, cleft palate with or without lip involvement, short neck, cardiac defect, renal and genital hypoplasia, osteoarticular abnormalities (mostly clubfoot), and poor survival. In addition, this syndrome is distinct from other duplications of chromosome 22, namely the complete trisomy, the proximal trisomy, and the cat-eye phenotype. PMID- 3258494 TI - Three large Danish families with a paracentric inversion in the short arm of chromosome N. 5. AB - A paracentric inversion in the short arm of chromosome 5 [inv(5p)] was segregating through at least four generations in three large danish families. All inversion carriers were phenotypically normal, and no adverse effects on reproduction were observed. PMID- 3258495 TI - A new case of partial trisomy 3(q25----qter) in a newborn. AB - A description of a female newborn with some physical stigmata presenting a partial trisomy for 3(q25----qter) is given. The additional material is located at the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 15 as the result of a maternal t(3;15) (q25:p13). Some characteristics of the proband were similar to those described for the 3(q21----qter) trisomy. PMID- 3258496 TI - In vivo catabolism of heparin cofactor II and its complex with thrombin: evidence for a common receptor-mediated clearance pathway for three serine proteinase inhibitors. AB - The plasma clearance of 125I-labeled human heparin cofactor II and its complex with thrombin was studied in mice to determine whether a specific mechanism exists for the catabolism of the inhibitor-proteinase complex. Initial studies demonstrated that murine plasma contains a heparin cofactor II-like inhibitor as shown by the presence of a dermatan sulfate-sensitive thrombin inhibitor. Human heparin cofactor II cleared from the circulation of mice with an apparent half life of 80 min while heparin cofactor II-thrombin complexes cleared with an apparent half-life of only 10 min. The specificity of the clearance mechanism was investigated by clearance competition studies involving coinjection of excess unlabeled heparin cofactor II-alpha-thrombin, antithrombin III-alpha-thrombin, or alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor-elastase, and by tissue distribution studies. The results demonstrated that the clearance of 125I-labeled heparin cofactor II-alpha thrombin is a receptor-mediated process, and that the same hepatocyte receptor system recognizes complexes containing heparin cofactor II, antithrombin III, and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. PMID- 3258497 TI - Thrombocytopenia in the neonatal lupus syndrome. AB - Thrombocytopenia has been documented infrequently in association with congenital heart block or lupus dermatitis in the neonatal lupus erythematosus syndrome. We report the cases of two infants with transient neonatal thrombocytopenia born to mothers with connective-tissue disease. Both mother/infant pairs were Ro(SS-A) antibody positive. Although the finding of neonatal thrombocytopenia in the presence of maternal connective-tissue disease suggests an autoimmune thrombocytopenia, platelet antibody studies were negative in both mother/infant pairs. We have found the Ro (SS-A) antibody with increased frequency in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and thrombocytopenia associated with Sjogren's syndrome, but the nature of the association is unknown. We suggest that thrombocytopenia in our patients is a manifestation of the neonatal lupus erythematosus syndrome. This syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of neonatal thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3258498 TI - Tuberculosis in children: a national survey of notifications in England and Wales in 1983. Medical Research Council Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Unit. AB - A survey of all notifications of tuberculosis in children (aged less than 15 years) in England and Wales in 1983 showed a decline of 35% in the estimated annual number of previously untreated children notified since the previous survey in 1978-9. Of the 452 children in the 1983 survey, 217 (48%) were of white, 79 (17%) of Indian, and 104 (23%) of Pakistani or Bangladeshi ethnic origin. The decline in the number of Indian children notified (46%) was much greater than that for Pakistani and Bangladeshi children (16%). In both surveys the estimated annual notification rate was much higher for the Indian and the Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic groups (32 and 52/100,000, respectively in 1983) than for the white group (2.4/100,000 in 1983). The mean annual decline in rate between the two surveys was 14% for the Indian, 10% for the Pakistani and Bangladeshi, and 7% for the white children. In both surveys the rates for the children of Indian subcontinent (Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi) ethnic origin born in the United Kingdom were considerably lower than for those born abroad. Of the 452 children in the 1983 survey, 342 (76%) had respiratory disease (including 26 (6%) with a non-respiratory lesion as well). Less than half (134, 45%) had a pulmonary lesion at independent assessment of chest radiographs, a further 115 (38%) had only enlarged intrathoracic nodes. Only 60 (19%) of the children with respiratory disease only had a positive culture from a respiratory specimen, but the culture positivity rate in those tested was 45%. Almost two thirds of the children with non-respiratory disease had lesions of the extrathoracic nodes, nearly all cervical. There were 20 children with tuberculosis meningitis in the 12 months, including 12 (6%) of the 217 white and six (3%) of the 183 children of Indian subcontinent ethnic origin. PMID- 3258499 TI - Protective effect of BCG vaccination in infant Asians: a case-control study. AB - BCG vaccination has been routinely offered to infant Asian children in Birmingham since 1965. We conducted a case-control study to assess the protective effect of this scheme. Altogether 108 Asian children aged under 13 years, born since 1965, received treatment for tuberculosis. For each case four controls were selected; they were matched to the case by month and year of birth, sex, and ethnic origin. Cases and controls were all born in Birmingham. Of the cases, 62 out of 108 (57%) had received BCG, and of the controls, 336 out of 432 (78%) had received BCG. The estimated protective efficacy of vaccination was 64% (95% confidence limits, 43% and 77%). Routine BCG vaccination in infant Asians confers useful protection against the development of tuberculosis in childhood. PMID- 3258500 TI - Evaluation of lymphocyte activation in skin lesions of patients with mixed connective tissue disease and discoid lupus erythematodes. AB - Biopsy specimens from mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and discoid lupus erythematodes (DLE) skin lesions were stained with monoclonal antibodies to differentiation and activation antigens. In addition, the blast cells were studied by combining autoradiography with immunoperoxidase staining. In both disease conditions most of the inflammatory cells in situ were positive for T11 antigen, the CD4/CD8 ratio being low. Only a few of the cells were pan-B positive B cells. The expression of various activation antigens did not differ significantly between MCTD and DLE biopsy specimens; the number of T9, Tac, and 4F2 antigen carrying cells was relatively low, whereas Ia-positive cells were more numerous. 3H-Thymidine incorporating T blasts comprised less than 1% of all inflammatory cells. T4 and T8 marker-carrying blast cells were present in about equal proportions. These findings suggest that Ia antigen-expressing T cells are important from the pathogenetic point of view in both MCTD and DLE. Because the local proliferation of T cells was extremely low according to the lack of interleukin-2 receptor and OKT9 markers and 3H-thymidine incorporation, it seems probable that most of the T cells are recruited from the circulation to the site of the inflammation. PMID- 3258501 TI - Role of Langerhans cells in epidermotropism of T cells. AB - Certain T lymphocytes display a specific affinity for the epidermis (epidermotropism). Recent studies have suggested that Ia+ Langerhans cells (LCs) are possible targets for the epidermotropism. A variety of self-Ia-reactive cloned T cells were tested for their ability to migrate into the epidermis following intradermal inoculation into the footpads of syngeneic mice. Clone BB5 was chosen as representative of the epidermotropic T cells. We investigated whether the depletion of Ia+ LCs from the epidermis by tape-stripping could alter the migration of BB5 cells into the epidermis. The epidermal invasion of BB5 cells was markedly impaired in those mice whose LCs were depleted by 95% after repetitive tape-stripping. Because production of epidermal-derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF) by the epidermal cells was augmented after repetitive tape-stripping, the diminished migration of BB5 cells into tape-stripped epidermis did not result from a decrease in ETAF production which is thought to attract T cells chemotactically. These results suggest that Ia+ LCs may play an inductive role in the preferential migration of T cells into the epidermis. PMID- 3258502 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to tulips: an example of enantiospecificity. AB - Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), an immunological reaction of the skin resulting from contact with reactive compounds occurring in plants was shown to the enantiospecific (animals sensitized to a compound do not react to its nonsuperimposable mirror image). Thus, when guinea pigs were experimentally sensitized to (+)-tulipalin B (a compound present in tulip bulbs) they did not react to its enantiomer, (-)-tulipalin B. This was also true for (+)- and (-) beta-hydroxy-gamma-methyl-alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones. PMID- 3258503 TI - Bone resorbing activity in synovial fluids in destructive osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The synovial fluids of patients with a destructive form of osteoarthritis (DOA) were shown to contain high levels of bone resorbing activity as judged by the ability of the fluid to stimulate the release of 45Ca from labelled cultured mouse calvariae. The activity was lost on extended storage of the synovial fluids and was dependent for its effect on cellular activity in bone. Bone resorbing activity was present in most synovial fluids from patients with DOA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but occurred at higher levels in the former. In contrast, interleukin 1 (IL1) activity, measured by the mouse thymocytes costimulation assay, was higher in RA than DOA synovial fluids. Little or no bone resorbing or IL1 activity was detected in synovial fluids from patients with pseudogout or non-destructive osteoarthritis. These results suggest that most DOA synovial fluids contain a bone resorbing factor other than IL1. It is considered that the factor may be produced by synovial cells stimulated by hydroxyapatite crystals. PMID- 3258505 TI - Renal impairment in relation to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 3258504 TI - Complement activation and HLA-B27. AB - The efficiency of complement activation was studied in sera from HLA-B27 positive and negative subjects (27 with previous yersinia arthritis and 35 controls). Activation of complement with zymosan induced higher mean levels of the anaphylatoxin C3a in HLA-B27 positive sera (mean (SD) 7.40 (1.66) mg/l) than in HLA-B27 negative sera (6.41 (1.79) mg/l). Similarly, higher levels of C3d,g, another C3 breakdown fragment, were obtained in HLA-B27 positive sera after Escherichia coli 0111:B4 lipopolysaccharide treatment (17.6 (3.7)% v 15.0 (3.8)%). The differences occurred irrespective of previous arthritis, complement C4 or Bf phenotype, or variation in background complement levels. The findings suggest that an increased responsiveness to complement activators may contribute to the pathogenesis of HLA-B27 associated inflammatory diseases. PMID- 3258506 TI - Surgical procedures among those greater than or equal to 90 years of age. A population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975-1985. AB - Persons greater than or equal to 90 years of age represent a rapidly growing subset of the population, but little data exist on their utilization of the health care system. Population-based data capabilities of the Rochester/Olmsted County Epidemiology Project were used to study the performance of surgery among persons greater than or equal to 90 years of age for the 11-year period, 1975 1985. During this time, 224 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota underwent 301 separate operations. The annual operation rate increased over the course of the study (trend test, p less than 0.001), reaching a plateau of 89.0 per 1000 person years. This suggests a potential for nearly 91,000 operations annually in this age group based on 1987 U.S. Census estimates. Ninety-two per cent were discharged from the hospital alive, and 5-year survival was consistent with that expected (23% vs. 17%). Increased longevity of the general population, combined with increased performance of surgery in this rapidly growing segment of the population, may have significant implications for health care planning. PMID- 3258507 TI - Use of a Bayesian statistical model for risk assessment in coronary artery surgery. AB - A computerized statistical model based on the theorem of Bayes was developed to predict mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting. From January, 1984, to April, 1987, at our hospital, 700 patients underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. The presence or absence of 20 risk factors was determined for each patient. The first 300 patients formed the initial database of the Bayesian predictive model, and the remaining 400 patients were prospectively evaluated in four groups of 100 each. Each group was prospectively evaluated and then incorporated into the database to update the model. There was good agreement between predicted and observed results. Bayesian theory is particularly suited to this task because it (1) accommodates multiple risk factors, (2) is tailored to one's specific practice, (3) determines individual, rather than group, prognosis, and (4) can be updated with time to compensate for a changing patient population. These flexible attributes are especially valuable in light of recent changes in the coronary artery bypass graft patient profile. PMID- 3258508 TI - Characterization of the acute clinical illness associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AB - The clinical and serologic features and immune status of 39 homosexual men who had seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus positivity were compared with 26 homosexual men who remained seronegative during a six-month period. An acute clinical illness occurred in 92.3% of seroconverted subjects and 40% of controls. The duration of illness was significantly greater in the seroconverters than the controls (10 + 4.4 days). A general practitioner was consulted by 87.2% of the seroconverters because of the illness, including 12.8% who were admitted to hospital, compared with 20% of controls. The most frequently reported symptoms in the seroconversion group were fever (76.9%); lethargy and malaise (66.7%); anorexia, sore throat, and myalgias (56.4% each); headaches and arthralgias (48.7% each); weight loss (46.2%); swollen glands (43.5%); retro-orbital pain (38.5%); and dehydration and nausea (30.8% each). Lymphadenopathy developed in 75% of seroconverters compared with 4% of controls. Changes in T-cell subsets were not found in controls, but the number of T4+ cells and the T4+/T8+ ratio decreased significantly in seroconverters. PMID- 3258509 TI - Energy costs of walking and standing with functional neuromuscular stimulation and long leg braces. AB - Two complete paraplegic subjects (T4 and T8), implanted with intramuscular electrodes, walked via functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) using a rolling walker and a reciprocal gait. The subjects also ambulated with long leg braces (LLB), using a rolling walker, and a drag/swing-to gait; and they stood using LLB and FNS separately. Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (VCO2/VO2), kcal/kg/meter, kcal/kg/minute, heart rate, blood pressure, and O2 debt with recovery time were recorded. During FNS walking, energy costs (kcal/kg/min) were 59% to 75% of maximal aerobic power (MAP), as determined during the combined activities of maximal arm ergometry and FNS leg stimulation. As the speed of FNS walking increased, there was no increase in energy costs; energy efficiency (kcal/kg/meter) equaled that of LLB ambulation. One subject showed decreased O2 debt with increased speed of FNS walking. At speeds approaching .4m/sec, FNS walking energy costs were similar to those of LLB ambulation. FNS energy costs relative to working muscle mass were less than those of LLB. When maximal stimulus parameters were used for FNS standing (20mA amplitude, 25 pps frequency, and 150 microseconds pulse width), energy costs were 100% more than those of normal or LLB standing. However, when the minimal stimulus necessary to maintain a standing position was used, FNS energy costs decreased by 35% to 47%. At speeds between .4 and .6m/sec, FNS walking is a viable alternative to LLB ambulation. Major energy cost reduction should be possible in the future. PMID- 3258510 TI - Physical activity in postmenopausal women: effect on back muscle strength and bone mineral density of the spine. AB - In this cross-sectional study, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, the back extensor strength, and the level of physical activity were determined in 68 healthy, postmenopausal women. Physical activity was determined by a graded questionnaire and varied from sedentary to heavy vocational and avocational activity levels. Bone mineral density (L2 through L4) was measured with dual photon absorptiometry. Back extensor strength was determined with use of a strain gauge dynamometer. Bone mineral density ranged from 0.77 to 1.49g/cm2 (mean +/- SD, 1.06 +/- 0.18g/cm2). Back extensor strength ranged from 37 to 145 lb (84.6 +/ 23.5 lb). Physical activity scores ranged from 3 to 13 (8.0 +/- 2.7). Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation (r = 0.34, p less than 0.005) between bone mineral density and back extensor strength. Bone mineral density was also positively correlated with the level of physical activity (r = 0.24, p less than 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between back extensor strength and level of physical activity (r = 0.37, p less than 0.005). The data suggest that levels of physical activity and back muscle strength may be contributors to the bone mineral density of vertebral bodies. PMID- 3258511 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography imaging in vascular stroke. PMID- 3258513 TI - HIPDM-SPECT in patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures. Ictal study. AB - Both interictal and ictal N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-iodobenzyl) 1,3,propanediamine -single photon emission computed tomography (HIPDM-SPECT) were performed in 16 patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures. Ictal HIPDM-SPECT localized epileptic foci in 13 of 14 patients with unilateral temporal focus and provided confirmative evidence of epileptic focus in 11 patients by demonstrating maximally increased regional cerebral perfusion (rCP) in epileptic foci that had shown decreased rCP in a previous interictal study. Ictal HIPDM-SPECT in two patients with bitemporal foci showed more complicated patterns consisting of slightly increased rCP in bilateral multifocal regions. Ictal HIPDM-SPECT was particularly useful for investigating epileptic foci, and correlation with simultaneously recorded ictal electroencephalograms provided further insight for localizing epileptic foci. PMID- 3258512 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography in Alzheimer's disease. Abnormal iofetamine I 123 uptake reflects dementia severity. AB - To determine whether abnormalities in regional cerebral functional activity estimated by iofetamine hydrochloride I 123 and single photon emission computed tomography can be detected in mild or moderate as well as severe cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we performed iofetamine I 123-single photon emission computed tomography in 37 patients with probable AD (nine patients with mild, 18 patients with moderate, and ten patients with severe dementia) and nine age matched control subjects. Iofetamine I 123 uptake was measured in right and left frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Mean (right and left) iofetamine I 123 activity was lowest in the parietal region of patients with AD and was significantly reduced in the other three regions compared with control subjects. Only in the parietal region was lower relative iofetamine I 123 activity associated with an impaired level of patient function and with cognitive deficit. PMID- 3258514 TI - Verhoeff's query: is vitamin D effective against retinoblastoma? AB - In 1966, Verhoeff suggested that retinoblastomas might be sensitive to vitamin D because they sometimes undergo calcification and spontaneous regression. In recent years, the antineoplastic effect of vitamin D has been established in vitro and in vivo. This study presents evidence that vitamin D2 inhibits the growth of the human retinoblastoma cell line (Y-79) grown in athymic mice. In mice treated with ergocalciferol, the subcutaneous retinoblastomas were smaller and showed increased tumor necrosis and calcification. Unfortunately, the vitamin D caused significant toxic reactions. Further studies that reduce the toxicity of vitamin D will be needed before its use in children with retinoblastomas can be advocated. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the activity of ergocalciferol against a tumor in vivo and it suggests that ergocalciferol or one of its derivatives may be an effective chemotherapeutic agent against retinoblastomas in humans. PMID- 3258516 TI - Investigations on the anti-HIV activity of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine analogues with modifications in either the pentose or purine moiety. Potent and selective anti HIV activity of 2,6-diaminopurine 2',3'-dideoxyriboside. AB - Several 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine analogues with modifications in either the ribose or purine moiety were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in MT-4 cell cultures. The 2',3' dideoxyriboside of 2,6-diaminopurine (ddDAPR) inhibited HIV antigen expression and HIV-induced cytopathogenicity at a 50% effective dose of 2.4-3.8 microM, as compared to 3-6 microM for 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddAdo), whereas 50% inhibition of MT-4 cell viability was noted only at a concentration of 477 and 889 microM, respectively. Both ddDAPR and ddAdo were only weakly inhibitory to the proliferation of a number of T-lymphoblast and T-lymphocyte cell lines, pointing to the selectivity of these compounds as anti-HIV agents. In contrast to ddAdo, ddDAPR was found to be a poor substrate for adenosine deaminase, which may be advantageous from a chemotherapeutic viewpoint. Substitution of an azido or fluoro group at the 2' and 3'-position of the ribose moiety in either "up" or "down" configurations resulted in a decrease of the anti-HIV potency and selectivity of ddAdo. In addition to ddDAPR other purine-modified ddAdo analogues, i.e. several pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, were investigated for their anti-HIV activity, but none of these derivatives proved as potent or selective as ddDAPR. PMID- 3258515 TI - Metabolism of inositol bis-, tris-, tetrakis- and pentakis-phosphates in GH3 cells. AB - Previous studies demonstrated a multiplicity of isomers of inositol phosphates in GH3 rat pituitary tumour cells. In order to determine their origin, we have investigated the metabolism of radiolabelled inositol phosphates (IPn) in GH3 cell homogenates by using h.p.l.c. I(1,4,5)P3 is either phosphorylated to I(1,3,4,5)P4 (in the presence of ATP) or dephosphorylated to I(1,4)P2 (in the absence of ATP). I(1,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to I(4)P (greater than 95%). I(1,3,4,5)P4 hydrolysis yields two products. By using dual-labelled [32P, 3H]I(1,3,4,5)P4 with 32P in either the 3 or the 4/5 position, we have identified the probable configuration of these isomers. The predominant (greater than 97%) IP3 formed is I(1,3,4)P3, with a minor I(1,4,5)P3 peak. Subsequent I(1,3,4)P3 hydrolysis yields two IP2 isomers [the major (approximately equal to 85%) is I(3,4)P2; the minor (approximately equal to 15%) is I(1,3)P2] and two IP isomers (the major (approximately equal to 90%) is I(3)P [L-I(1)P], the minor I(4)P). IP5 is very slowly dephosphorylated to and IP4 of undetermined isomeric configuration. We have also examined GH3 cell lipids for the presence of phosphoinositides either more highly phosphorylated than PIP2 (as potential sources of the IP4/IP5 and IP6 in these cells) or phosphorylated in positions other than 1, 4 and 5, and have been unable to find evidence of either. These data suggest two main routes of metabolism for I(1,4,5)P3 in GH3 cells: either (1) phosphorylation to I(1,3,4,5)P4, and the subsequent consecutive dephosphorylation to I(1,3,4)P3, I(3,4)P2 and finally L-I(1)P [D-I(3)P]; or (2) dephosphorylation to I(1,4)P2 and, subsequently, I(4)P. PMID- 3258517 TI - Evidence that neomycin inhibits plasma membrane Ca2+ inflow in isolated hepatocytes. AB - The effects of neomycin on Ca2+ fluxes and inositol polyphosphates in hepatocytes were investigated since it has been proposed that this antibiotic inhibits inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate formation in fibroblasts [D. H. Carney, D. L. Scott, E. A. Gordon and E. F. LaBelle, Cell 42, 479 (1985)]. In hepatocytes incubated at 1.3 mM extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o) neomycin (2 mM) inhibited 45Ca2+ exchange both in the presence or absence of vasopressin. At 1.3 mM Ca2+o, but not at higher concentrations of Ca2+o, the antibiotic (2 mM) inhibited the increase in glycogen phosphorylase a activity observed at late but not at early times after addition of vasopressin. The antibiotic also inhibited the increase in phosphorylase activity caused by the subsequent addition of 1.3 mM Ca2+o to cells previously incubated in the presence of vasopressin and in the absence of added Ca2+o. The concentration of the antibiotic (2 mM) which gave half-maximal inhibition of phosphorylase activation by vasopressin had no effect on the activation of phosphorylase by glucagon or the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores induced by vasopressin. At a concentration of 10 mM, neomycin caused a 50% inhibition of the formation of [3H]inositol polyphosphates induced by vasopressin. It is concluded that neomycin, at concentrations which inhibit phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C in other types of cells inhibits the inflow of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane but does not inhibit inositol trisphosphate formation in hepatocytes. PMID- 3258518 TI - The interaction of omeprazole with rat liver cytochrome P450-mediated monooxygenase reactions in vitro and in vivo. AB - The effect of omeprazole on cytochrome P450-mediated monooxygenase reactions was assessed in rat liver S9 utilising ethylmorphine-N-demethylase (EM) and ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD) activities. The inhibition of EM by omeprazole was judged to be predominantly reversible in mechanism. The average Ki for omeprazole was 40 +/- 27 microM with EM and 76 +/- 6 microM with ECOD in four separate rats. In preparations of rat hepatocytes the intrinsic clearance of diazepam was decreased substantially by 50 microM omeprazole (average inhibition 73%). In comparison 50 microM cimetidine inhibited the intrinsic clearance of diazepam by 50%. The relationship between these two in vitro models for drug interactions is discussed in the context of previously published drug inhibition data. Moreover, repeated administration of omeprazole to adult male rats (500 mg.kg-1, 14 days, p.o.) resulted in statistical increases in liver weight, cytochrome P450 and ECOD activity. Thus omeprazole interacts with the mixed function oxidase system in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3258520 TI - Detection of the terminal complement complex in patient plasma following acute myocardial infarction. AB - The mechanisms of inflammation responsible for the myocardial tissue damage seen after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have not been clearly identified. Recent lines of evidence, demonstrating depressed sera levels of individual complement components in patients after myocardial infarction, have suggested involvement of the complement (C) system in micro- and macrovascular injury subsequent to AMI. The present study assessed the role of complement as a mediator of myocardial inflammation by quantifying products of complement activation including, the terminal complement complex (TCC) the cytolytic component of the complement system, C1rC1s-C1 inhibitor complex and C3bBbP complex, formed following activation of the classical and alternative pathway, respectively, and anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a in 41 patients following AMI. Plasma TCC and C1rC1s-C1 inhibitor complex concentrations increased up to 32-fold (P less than 0.001) and 8-fold (P less than 0.001), respectively, while the C3bBbP complex, C3a des-Arg and C5a des-Arg each increased over 2-fold (P less than 0.001) 16 h after AMI, and were only minimally detectable during non-inflammatory myocardial conditions. Furthermore, TCC concentrations increased over 150% (P less than 0.001) one day after patients reinfarcted, subsequent to hospitalization for a primary AMI. These results demonstrate activation of complement after AMI and suggest that inflammatory mediators of the complement system may contribute to myocardial tissue damage during the infarction process. PMID- 3258519 TI - Relationship of serum selenium and antioxidants to plasma lipoproteins, platelet aggregability and prevalent ischaemic heart disease in Eastern Finnish men. AB - In a cross-sectional population study of 1132 unselected Eastern Finnish men aged 54 years, serum selenium concentration had a weak positive association with plasma HDL cholesterol (standardised partial regression coefficient, beta = 0.061, P = 0.019) and a fairly strong inverse relationship (beta = -0.223, P less than 0.001) with the extent of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Neither plasma ascorbate concentration nor alpha-tocopherol to total cholesterol ratio had any association with plasma lipoproteins, platelet aggregability or prevalent ischaemic heart disease (IHD). When a covariance-correction was applied, men with ischaemic ECG findings at exercise had a lower mean serum selenium than others (81.5 micrograms/l vs. 85.9 micrograms/l, P less than 0.01 for difference). This difference was equally large for men with neither symptoms nor previous diagnosis of IHD. PMID- 3258521 TI - Lack of association between haemostatic variables and the presence or the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. AB - Blood samples were taken for haemostatic analysis from 225 patients with angina pectoris who were admitted to hospital for coronary angiography. beta thromboglobulin, platelet factor 3, platelet factor 4, factor VII:C, factor VIII:C, von Willebrand factor antigen, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, protein C:Ag, plasminogen, and antiplasmin were measured before angiography. Patients who had had a myocardial infarction in the two months before the investigation were excluded from the study. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that none of the haemostatic variables contributed independently to the prediction of an angiographic score that indicated the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. History of myocardial infarction, male sex, worsening of angina pectoris, serum triglycerides, and ejection fraction were independently associated with the angiographic score. There were some significant correlations between haemostatic variables and conventional risk factors for coronary heart disease. Thus data obtained from haemostatic analyses of peripheral venous blood do not permit the presence or the extent of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries to be predicted. PMID- 3258522 TI - Correction of left ventricular asynchrony by coronary artery surgery. AB - To investigate the effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on the timing of regional left ventricular wall motion, contrast left ventriculograms from 27 patients were digitised frame by frame before and after operation. End diastolic and end systolic volumes, ejection fraction, and peak ejection and filling rates showed no significant change. The commonest preoperative abnormality was delayed onset of inward wall motion during ejection, which was present in 14 patients over 10% (range 5-40%) of the cavity outline, leading to a pattern of "diagonal contours". After operation this pattern had resolved completely in 12 patients and partially in two. Minor abnormalities appeared postoperatively in five but overall the mean (1SD) area affected was reduced by 5 (8)%. The time span between the onset of inward motion in different regions of the cavity also fell significantly after surgery from 190 (50) to 130 (50) ms. Regional hypokinesis (6 cases) and abnormal wall motion during isovolumic contraction (4 cases) or isovolumic relaxation (5 cases) were not consistently affected. Thus successful coronary artery surgery is without consistent effect on overall left ventricular function, overall hypokinesis, or abnormal wall motion during the isovolumic periods. It does, however, strikingly reduce the asynchrony of wall motion during ejection, suggesting that before operation this abnormality may directly reflect impaired coronary blood flow. The results emphasise the potential value of analysing regional wall motion to elucidate functional abnormalities associated with coronary artery disease. PMID- 3258523 TI - Late immune and haemopoietic functions in plasmacytoma-bearing mice cured by melphalan. AB - Alkylating agents can cause latent and permanent damage to the bone marrow. We compared the long term effects of melphalan on a number of immune and haemopoietic functions of plasmacytoma bearing BALB/c mice with that of normal mice treated with a similar dose of melphalan. The drug administered orally at a dose of 250 micrograms and 400 micrograms on day 14 and 24 following i.m. inoculation of MOPC-315 plasmacytoma cells resulted in cure of the mice. Their spleen cells showed a permanent impairment of MLR activity, T-cell number and IL 2 production as well as a mild suppression of NK activity for one year after cessation of melphalan therapy. The number of B cells was elevated. In contrast, plasmacytoma-free mice treated with melphalan retained long term normal immune functions, although shortly after melphalan therapy a temporary suppression was noted. On the other hand, melphalan was responsible for bone marrow myeloid stem cell damage since the number of myeloid progenitor cell (CFU-GM) colonies was reduced in both melphalan-treated groups compared to untreated normal controls. Plasmacytoma bearing mice had a shorter survival. These results demonstrate that some late sequelae of alkylating agents are not due to the drug alone; shorter survival and T-cell deficiency are related to the previous presence of the tumour. PMID- 3258524 TI - Activation of murine 'T' lymphomas in the presence of a human myeloma cell line, RPMI-8226, in vivo. PMID- 3258525 TI - Non-lymphoid accessory cells in the cutaneous infiltrate of B cell lymphomas. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - We have investigated the occurrence, immunohistochemical profile, ultrastructural features and relationships to lymphocytes of the non-lymphoid accessory cells in the dermal infiltrate of five patients affected by B cell lymphoma with secondary involvement of the skin. Typical non-lymphoid accessory cells were found in all cases. Most of these cells had ultrastructural features which resembled those of the poorly differentiated dendritic reticulum cells described in follicular lymphomas of the lymph nodes. The immunohistochemical findings of DRC-I+, C3b r+ dendritic cells often arranged in follicular-like structures with neoplastic B cells and only few, scattered OKMI+, OKM5+ mononuclear phagocytes support the hypothesis that the vast majority of the non-lymphoid cells observed in our cases were poorly differentiated dendritic reticulum cells. These results and previously published reports indicate that the organization of the dermal infiltrate of B cell lymphomas tends to reproduce the typical arrangement of the B zone of the lymphoid tissue, although with a lesser degree of differentiation, similar to that observed in lymph node follicular lymphomas. PMID- 3258526 TI - Ro/SSA antigen in human epidermis. AB - It has been shown previously by an immunofluorescence technique, that whole serum from patients who have anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies reacts with a component or components of the epidermis. We have now demonstrated by immunoblotting that the antigen identified in human epidermis by anti-Ro/SSA sera is Ro/SSA antigen, and that Ro/SSA antigen is present both in adult and in neonatal epidermis. The presence of this antigen in tissues which are injured in the anti-Ro/SSA associated syndromes subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and neonatal lupus erythematosus supports the hypothesis that anti-Ro/SSA antibodies react with Ro/SSA antigen in the skin and are important in the initiation of tissue damage. PMID- 3258527 TI - Immunohistological detection of interleukin I-like molecules and tumour necrosis factor in human epidermis before and after UVB-irradiation in vivo. AB - Skin biopsies from five healthy subjects, taken before and after UVB irradiation, were examined using immunohistological techniques for the cytokines interleukin-I (IL-I) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Using polyclonal specific antibodies against IL-I and TNF, the two cytokines appeared identically located on the epidermal cell membranes of the stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum in unexposed skin. After UVB-exposure, the staining intensity for both IL I/epidermal cell derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF) and TNF was markedly increased, and the epidermal staining included the basal cell layer. Immunohistological investigation of tissue-bound epidermal cytokines may be valuable in the study of skin diseases. PMID- 3258528 TI - High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin and splenectomy for the treatment of HIV related immune thrombocytopenia in patients with severe haemophilia. AB - Four patients with severe haemophilia A and one patient with severe Christmas disease developed severe immune thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 20 x 10(9)/l). All five patients were HIV-antibody positive and one was HIV-antigen positive. Four patients were treated initially with prednisolone, but with only a transient platelet response in three and no response in the fourth. All patients were treated with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (0.4 g/kg daily for 5 d) resulting in a rise in platelet count in all cases (range 138-300 x 10(9)/l) and then proceeded to splenectomy. Three remain in complete remission after 6-14 months, and one showed a good response with platelet counts ranging from 103 to 187 x 10(9)/l. The fifth patients achieved a normal platelet count for 3 months post-splenectomy, but suffered a relapse with platelet counts ranging from 25 to 108 x 10(9)/l over the next 3 years. However, following a severe Varicella infection 10 months ago, during which he developed a marked transient thrombocytosis, he has also maintained a normal platelet count. PMID- 3258530 TI - Complement is not activated in ABO-haemolytic disease of the newborn. AB - We studied the lysis in vitro of group A red cells by IgG anti-A. IgG anti-A, which strongly lysed A red cells from adults, did not lyse A red cells from cord blood, if fresh cord serum from a child with blood group AB was used as a source of complement. In cases of haemolytic disease of the newborn due to A-O or B-O antagonism with a positive direct antiglobulin test with anti-IgG serum, the red cells did not react with anti-complement sera. Apparently, complement is also not activated in vivo in case of A-O haemolytic disease of the newborn. PMID- 3258529 TI - Bleeding tendency caused by IgG inhibitor to factor XIII, treated successfully by cyclophosphamide. AB - A case exhibiting bleeding tendency caused by an acquired inhibitor to factor XIII is reported. The patient, a hitherto healthy 87-year-old Japanese man, presented with a massive subcutaneous bleeding, leading to severe anaemia. The routine coagulation study was normal except for a decreased plasma factor XIII level, which was 3% of the control level by the dansylcadaverine incorporation assay. An inhibitor of factor XIII was demonstrated to be present in the IgG fraction of the patient's plasma; by immunoblotting this inhibitor was shown to bind specifically the a and a' subunits of factor XIII. The IgG fraction suppressed the transglutaminase activity of activated factor XIII, but did not inhibit the molecular transformation of subunit a to a' in the activation process. Massive infusion of plasma and factor XIII concentrate was effective for controlling the bleeding temporarily. In the long-term prednisolone was ineffective for suppressing the plasma inhibitor level and bleeding episodes recurred. A small daily dose (50 mg) of cyclophosphamide, however, effectively decreased the inhibitor level and controlled bleeding. PMID- 3258531 TI - Corneal elastosis within lattice dystrophy lesions. AB - Corneal buttons of two patients with lattice corneal dystrophy were studied by light and electron microscopy. They showed elastotic degeneration within the amyloid deposits. The amyloid deposits displayed characteristic staining; the elastotic material (elastin) within the deposits stained positive with Verhoeff van Gieson and Movat pentachrome stains and showed autofluorescence. The characteristic ultrastructural findings of amyloid and elastotic material were also demonstrated. The possibility of the associations of these two materials in the cornea is discussed. PMID- 3258532 TI - Metastatic Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis: a case report. AB - A case of bilateral metastatic Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis is presented. It evolved over a two-week period, causing some diagnostic confusion. Treatment with fusidic acid and benzylpenicillin resulted in the retention of useful vision in one eye and good vision in the other. PMID- 3258533 TI - Potential difference responses to nutrient K+, Cl- and Na+ changes in secreting and resting states of frog stomach. AB - The effects of changes in nutrient concentrations of K+, Cl- and Na+ on the transmucosal potential difference (PD) and the resistance were compared for secreting fundus and resting fundus of Rana pipiens. Increase of K+ from 4 to 40 mM, decrease of Cl- from 81 to 8.1 mM and decrease of Na+ from 102 to 10 mM gave, 10 min after the change in the secreting fundus, delta PD values of -28.2, -19.8 and -7.5 mV, respectively. In the resting fundus with SCN- inhibition, the same changes in nutrient ion concentration gave delta PD values of -20.1, -17.0 and 10.2 mV, respectively. Changes in Na+ concentration were considered in a set of experiments of high acid secreting stomachs (4 to 6 mu equiv. . h-1 . cm-2). Here, delta PD gave for 10-fold decreases in Na+ concentration in secreting fundus -4.8 mV and in resting fundus with SCN- inhibition -22.6 mV. Omeprazole inhibition gave results quite similar to those with SCN- inhibition. From these results in going from secretion to inhibition, it follows that the increment of K+ conductance if it increased was lower than the increase in NaCl symport conductance since the change in delta PD for K+ decreased and that for Na+ increased. Also HCO3- conductance increased with inhibition. After SCN- inhibition the transmucosal resistance initially increased and later decreased. The decrease can be accounted for by the increase in conductance of the NaCl symport pathway and of the HCO3- pathway. PMID- 3258534 TI - Characterization of plasma membranes from A431 cells, isolated by self-generating Percoll gradient: a rapid isolation procedure to obtain plasma membranes with functional epidermal growth factor receptors. AB - Plasma membranes have been isolated from the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 by a rapid fractionation of lysate on Percoll density gradient at pH 9.6. Endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and mitochondria sedimented at the bottom of gradient whereas plasma membranes focused at low density, as shown with specific markers. Plasma membranes displayed a 4.5- and 4.4-fold enrichment in [3H]concanavalin A and 5'-nucleotidase, respectively. This proteic fraction was further characterized by its lipid composition and phospholipid analysis. The cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio was 0.45 in plasma membranes against 0.19 in lysate. Sphingomyelin increased from 7.5% of total phospholipids in lysate to 16.2% in plasma membranes, as well as phosphatidylserine which displayed a 1.5 fold enrichment in the plasma membrane fraction. This was at the expense of phosphatidylcholine (45.2% in lysate, against 35% in plasma membranes). Electron microscopy of the isolated material showed vesicles essentially free from endoplasmic reticulum and organelles. These plasma membranes retained the ability to bind 125I-labelled epidermal growth factor (125I-EGF) with a Kd = 4.7 nM and Bmax = 63 pmol/mg protein. EGF binding resulted in a stimulation of the phosphorylation protein reaction in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of phosphorylated proteins indicated that the radioactivity of the major band of molecular weight 170,000 was clearly enhanced by EGF binding. These results indicate that the EGF receptor and its intrinsic protein kinase activity were preserved during our plasma membrane isolation procedure. PMID- 3258535 TI - Lack of vimentin occurring during the intrafollicular stages of B cell development characterizes follicular center cell lymphomas. AB - Reactive germinal-center B cells completely lack vimentin. This observation made by using monoclonal vimentin antibody V9 and a sensitive immunoperoxidase technique led to the investigation of vimentin expression in an unselected series of 73 immunohistochemically proven B cell lymphomas. While small lymphocytic lymphomas regularly expressed vimentin, the neoplastic population of mixed, small and large, and large cell lymphomas often contained various proportions of vimentin-negative tumor cells or failed to express it at all. Against the background of the Lukes-Collins classification and the Kiel classification, both defining and subdividing follicular center-cell lymphomas, there were statistically highly significant correlations between the absence of vimentin and the histology, suggesting a germinal center origin. Our data suggest that loss of vimentin expression is indicative of the transient, follicular center-cell stage of normal and malignant B lymphocytic transformation. The complete absence of vimentin within the neoplastic population of all Burkitt's lymphoma cases examined may serve as an argument for its follicular center stage of differentiation, as was asserted by Lukes and Collins. PMID- 3258536 TI - Discordant effect of interferon on natural killer activity and tumor cell sensitivity to lysis in hairy cell leukemia. AB - We studied the action of alpha-interferon (IFN) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) on natural killer (NK)-rich fractions and autologous tumor cells from two patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). The addition of IFN or IL-2 to the NK-rich fractions resulted in a significant increase in NK activity against the autologous tumor cells. This stimulatory effect was blocked if the target hairy cells (HCs) were preincubated with either IFN or IL-2. Pretreatment of the HCs with anti-Tac antibody entirely prevented the blocking effect of IL-2 and partially the blocking effect of IFN. One patient was treated with recombinant alpha c-IFN. After 2 months there was a dramatic reduction in the number of HCs in the peripheral blood coincident with the loss of the protection effect of IFN against NK lysis of the patient's HCs. NK activity against autologous tumor cells correlated poorly with that against the K562 cell line. We conclude that there is a discordant effect of IFN and IL-2 on NK activity and HC sensitivity to lysis. The Tac receptor appears to play a role in this sensitivity. Caution should be exercised in extrapolating the effects of NK activity against K562 cells to those on HC targets. PMID- 3258537 TI - Interleukin-5 is at 5q31 and is deleted in the 5q- syndrome. AB - Human interleukin-5 (IL-5) is a selective eosinophilopoietic and eosinophil activating growth hormone. By in situ hybridization this gene is mapped to chromosome 5q23.3 to 5q32. It is shown to be deleted in two patients with the 5q syndrome and in one patient previously diagnosed with myelodysplasia whose condition had progressed to acute myeloblastic leukemia. The clustering of other genes involved in hematopoiesis (IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, colony-stimulating factor 1) to the same region as IL-5 suggests a nonrandom localization and raises interesting questions concerning the evolution and regulation of these genes. PMID- 3258539 TI - Pulmonary aspergillosis and endophthalmitis: complications of Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 3258538 TI - T-cell acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia with chromosome 14 q 11 anomaly: a morphologic, immunologic, and cytogenetic analysis of 10 patients. AB - Ten patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a chromosome anomaly involving band 14 q 11 are described. Mitotic index of bone marrow blasts was high in all patients (average 3.0%). Lymphoid morphology of the leukemic blasts, however, varied somewhat among the patients. The leukemic cells of 5 patients showed an immunophenotypic profile corresponding to early or common thymic differentiation stages whereas 5 children showed strong expression of CD 3 suggesting a more mature thymic phenotype. Leukemic karyotypes revealed a modal chromosome number of 46 in 9 cases, 92 in one case. A chromosome translocation t(11; 14) (p 13; q 11) was found in 5 cases, a t(1; 14) (p 32; q 11) in 2 cases, a t(10; 14) (q 24; q 11) in one case, a (hitherto undescribed) t(12; 14) (q 22; q 11) in one case, and an inv (14) (q 11 q 32) in one patient. Additional abnormalities were t(3; 10), t(7; 9), dup(7 q), del(6 q), del(10 q), and del(1 q). Of 32 cases with T-cell ALL successfully karyotyped in our laboratory 15 (= 47%) had structural aberrations involving chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14. Ten of these 15 patients (= 67%) had a chromosome 14 q 11 anomaly. It is concluded that chromosome band 14 q 11, the gene locus of the T-cell receptor alpha-chain, is the most common site for structural chromosome aberrations in T cell ALL. PMID- 3258540 TI - Immunologic enhancement of B16 melanoma growth. AB - In certain experimental tumor models, tumor growth is less pronounced in immune deficient animals. Characteristically, tumors such as the murine B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) are weakly antigenic. We proposed that with such tumors that are weakly antigenic, growth is enhanced by T-cell factors. Young mice were inoculated with irradiated B16 cells in complete Freunds adjuvant (CFA) on three occasions, each separated by 2 weeks. Specific antibody (IgG) to B16 membrane antigens was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after the first injection, and it continued to rise for 6 weeks. B16 growth was compared in 20 mice that had received irradiated B16 in CFA or CFA alone by the same schedule previously. Despite the previous sensitization, the rates of tumor appearance and growth were similar. In an additional experiment involving 23 mice that had received B16 immunization, the period of time in which a palpable tumor developed after the injection of viable B16 cells did not correlate with anti-B16 antibody level. It appeared that detectable antibody to B16 antigens was of little consequence. To explain why B16 primary growth and metastases were reduced in immune deficient hosts, we proposed that lymphocytes might enhance tumor growth. To demonstrate this, splenic lymphocytes from tumor-bearing (B16 or 3LL) or control mice were injected with B16 cells into young, immune competent hosts. Tumors (B16) developed earlier and growth was more rapid in mice that received spleen cells from tumor-bearing (B16) mice. Subsequent cell depletion experiments to determine the mediator of tumor enhancement implicated a T-cell fraction that was neither of T-helper nor T-suppressor cell type phenotypically. Immune deficiency states that are associated with dysfunction of those cells that account for tumor enhancement might explain the reduced tumor aggressiveness that is observed frequently in these conditions. PMID- 3258541 TI - Susceptibility of chemoresistant murine and human tumor cells to lysis by interleukin 2-activated lymphocytes. AB - The sensitivity of three different human and murine doxorubicin (Dx)-sensitive or -resistant pairs of tumor cells to recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2)-activated lymphocytes was studied. In two pairs of these sublines (LoVo human colon carcinoma and B16 mouse melanoma sublines), resistance to Dx was induced in vitro, while in the third pair (9229 human metastatic melanoma clones), Dx resistance was spontaneously present in clone 9229.24. Dx-resistant cells were efficiently lysed by rIL2-activated lymphocytes in a short-term 51Cr release assay; in some experiments a trend toward higher lysis of Dx-resistant cells was present. We then tested the tumor cell growth-inhibitory activity of rIL2 activated lymphocytes in the human tumor clonogenic assay after lymphocyte-tumor coculture. Complete inhibition of tumor cell growth was obtained with five of six sublines or clones (both Dx sensitive and resistant) after 3 to 6 days of coculture at effector lymphocyte/target tumor cell ratios of 5 to 50/1; a maximum 99% inhibition was observed with the melanoma clone 9229.4 even after coculture for 6 days at an effector lymphocyte/target tumor cell ratio of 50/1. By using lower effector lymphocyte/target tumor cell coculture ratios (1, 5, 25/1), it was shown that all the three Dx-resistant cell types were significantly more affected by activated lymphocytes than their Dx-sensitive counterparts. The LoVo/DX subline was also more lysed than its Dx-sensitive counterpart LoVo/H subline by an antitumor monoclonal antibody in a complement-mediated cytotoxicity assay, despite the fact that both sublines expressed a similar amount of antigen on the cell surface. These data indicate that Dx-resistant cancer cells are more susceptible to the lysis by rIL2-activated lymphocytes than their Dx-sensitive counterparts and that a complete inhibition of their clonogenic potential can be obtained in vitro. PMID- 3258542 TI - Isolation and characterization of A-431 cells that retain high epidermal growth factor binding capacity and respond to epidermal growth factor by growth stimulation. AB - A-431 cells, which exhibit large numbers of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and respond to EGF by growth inhibition, are widely used to study EGF receptors and the effects of EGF. In this report, we describe the isolation and characterization of variant A-431 cells that respond to EGF by growth stimulation. One variant, which is referred to as A-431R-1, has been characterized in detail. EGF stimulates both monolayer and soft agar growth of A 431R-1 cells cultured in serum-free medium. In contrast to the original A-431 cells, growth of A-431R-1 cells is not inhibited by EGF, even at high concentrations. Scatchard analysis of EGF binding to A-431R-1 cells and A-431 cells indicates that both cell populations exhibit approximately 1.8 x 10(6) EGF receptors per cell. Thus, unlike other variants of A-431 cells that are not inhibited by EGF, A-431R-1 cells exhibit as many EGF receptors as the parental A 431 cells. It was also determined that the phorbol ester 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate reduces EGF binding to the high affinity receptors of A-431R-1 cells; whereas, transforming growth factor type beta did not significantly affect EGF binding. Our results suggest that A-431R-1 cells should be useful for studying the biochemical effects of EGF and for examining why some cells are inhibited by EGF, whereas others are stimulated by EGF. PMID- 3258543 TI - Molecular forms of katacalcin, calcitonin gene-related peptide and gastrin releasing peptide, in a human medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - Peptides synthesized by a human medullary thyroid carcinoma were purified to homogeneity by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and structurally characterized by determination of amino acid composition, amino acid sequence, and fast atom bombardment mass spectra. The katacalcin-related material in the tumor extract was heterogeneous. Katacalcin (1-21) represented the predominant molecular form but metabolites, identified as katacalcin (1-20), (1 19), (1-15) and (1-13), were also identified in high concentration. Calcitonin gene-related peptide-I was isolated from the tumor but calcitonin gene-related peptide-II was absent. A minor component of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity was of higher molecular weight and may represent an incompletely processed form of the prohormone. Gastrin-releasing peptide (1-27) and gastrin releasing peptide (18-27) (neuromedin C) were isolated from the tumor but gastrin releasing peptide (14-27) and bombesin were absent. PMID- 3258544 TI - Localization and imaging with radioiodine-labeled monoclonal antibodies in a xenogeneic tumor model for human B-cell lymphoma. AB - Two MoAbs directed towards human B-cell malignancies have been studied in a preclinical animal model to evaluate their potential for in vivo imaging and therapy of B-cell lymphomas. Anti-B1 reacts with virtually all immunoglobulin bearing malignancies and non-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Anti-J5 reacts with the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen found on non-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia and follicular lymphomas. Anti-T1 which recognizes the CD5 antigen on most T-cell leukemias and lymphomas was used as a control antibody. These monoclonal antibodies were radiolabeled with 125I or 131I by the ICl method. Namalwa (B-cell) and MOLT-4 (T-cell) tumors were grown s.c. in irradiated nude mice. The highest tissue concentration of 125I-labeled anti-J5 in Namalwa bearing mice was in blood and tumor. The tumor/blood ratio ranged from 0.7-1.2, with the highest ratio 4 days after injection. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the t1/2 beta of anti-J5 from blood and other tissues ranged from 40-50 h, while the t1/2 beta for tumor averaged 65 h. The area under the curve of tumor was 2- to 5-fold higher than the area under the curve of liver, kidney, skin, and muscle. The peak tissue levels of 125I-labeled anti-B1 in Namalwa-bearing mice were again in blood and tumor and 6 days following injection more than 5-fold greater activity was found in tumor compared to normal tissues other than blood. The tumor/blood ratio was 1.2 and 0.7 at 4 and 6 days after injection. 125I labeled anti-B1 showed minimal uptake in antigen-negative MOLT-4 tumors and 125I labeled anti-T1 showed little uptake in Namalwa tumors. Scintigraphic images were obtained following the injection of 131I-labeled anti-J5 and anti-B1 in nude mice bearing Namalwa tumors. These results indicate that radiolabeled anti-J5 and anti B1 show promise as diagnostic and possibly therapeutic agents for human B-cell lymphoma, although there may be a limitation to clinical utility due to cross reactivity with some normal cells. PMID- 3258545 TI - Clinical and immunological effects of recombinant interleukin 2 given by repetitive weekly cycles to patients with cancer. AB - Eleven patients received four consecutive weekly cycles of human recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) by continuous infusion for 4 days/week. Two dose levels were tested, 1 and 3 X 10(6) units/m2/day. Toxicities experienced by most patients included fever, rigors, fatigue, anemia, eosinophilia, and liver function abnormalities. All side effects from treatment reversed and no severe or life threatening problems occurred. A marked lymphocytosis was seen following the 4 weeks of therapy. Fresh lymphocytes obtained during this lymphocytosis mediated enhanced destruction in vitro of a natural killer cell-resistant tumor cell line (Daudi). The increase in the absolute number of circulating lymphocytes and their enhanced ability to mediate direct lysis of Daudi targets resulted in a greater than 100-fold mean increase in cytotoxic potential by the end of IL-2 treatment. One patient, with renal carcinoma, who was treated at 3 X 10(6) units/m2/day experienced a sustained measurable response with greater than 50% regression of pulmonary and hepatic metastases. Five patients were retreated with a second course of IL-2, lasting 4 weeks. This therapy was well tolerated in four of these five patients, with similar immunological changes occurring. No further antitumor responses were seen in these patients. Thus, a relatively well tolerated immunotherapy regimen using IL-2 can induce dramatic increases in lymphocyte number and augment their in vitro antitumor reactivity. PMID- 3258546 TI - Pharmacokinetics of tumor-reactive immunotoxins in tumor-bearing mice: effect of antibody valency and deglycosylation of the ricin A chain on clearance and tumor localization. AB - The blood clearance and tissue distribution of immunotoxins composed of either intact or Fab' fragments of tumor-reactive, monoclonal rat antimurine immunoglobulin D (anti-delta) or nonreactive, normal rat immunoglobulin G and ricin A chain (native or chemically deglycosylated) were determined in BCL1 tumor bearing mice. In the presence of accessible target cells, neither the valency of the antibody nor deglycosylation of the A chain affect the initial rate of clearance (alpha phase) of immunotoxins from the blood; however, both factors affect the levels of tumor-specific and nonspecific localization of the immunotoxins. Thus, the use of immunotoxins with deglycosylated A chain greatly reduced the levels of nonspecific uptake by the liver and concomitantly increased tumor-specific localization. Immunotoxins prepared with Fab' fragments of anti delta antibody and deglycosylated A chain were twice as effective at localizing to splenic tumor than immunotoxins prepared with intact immunoglobulin G and deglycosylated A chain. Approximately 90% of tumor-specific localization of anti delta immunotoxins occurred within 1 h after injection and less than 5% of the immunotoxin remained in the circulation 4 h after injection. In addition, the antigen-binding capacity of the remaining circulating immunotoxins decreased in a linear manner over the first 10 h to approximately 20% of the initial binding activity. Thus, by 10 h after injection, only 2-3% of injected immunotoxin remained in the circulation and this material expressed little antigen reactivity. Analysis of the in vivo stability of circulating 125I-labeled immunotoxins in tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that Fab' immunotoxins are more stable than IgG immunotoxins prepared with N-succinimidyl-3-(2 pyridylthio)propionate. In BCL1-bearing mice, significant splitting of the anti delta immunotoxins did not occur until tumor localization was virtually complete. PMID- 3258547 TI - In vivo therapy of the BCL1 tumor: effect of immunotoxin valency and deglycosylation of the ricin A chain. AB - The in vivo therapeutic effects of Fab' and IgG anti-delta (anti-IgD)-ricin A chain immunotoxins were compared in mice bearing the surface IgD-positive BCL1 leukemia. The immunotoxins were prepared with either native or deglycosylated ricin A chain. Immunotoxin therapy was assessed both by the number of cells bearing the BCL1 immunoglobulin idiotype which remained in the spleen 24-48 h after injection with immunotoxin and by adoptive transfer of these spleen cells into normal mice. Immunotoxins prepared with either Fab'-anti-delta or IgG-anti delta and native A chain induced a dose-dependent reduction in the number of idiotype-positive BCL1 cells present in the spleens of the tumor-bearing mice. The maximal therapeutic response was achieved with 250 micrograms of immunotoxin (containing 80-100 micrograms A chain) per mouse for both immunotoxins, resulting in tumor reduction of approximately 90%. This represents an elimination of 3-4 X 10(8) tumor cells. Reduction in the number of tumor cells was not observed with control reagents including antibody alone, antibody mixed with A chain, or an immunotoxin of irrelevant specificity. A Fab' immunotoxin prepared with deglycosylated ricin A chain was approximately 5-fold more effective as an antitumor reagent than the same immunotoxin prepared with native A chain; thus, optimal therapy was achieved after injection of 50 micrograms of immunotoxin (containing 15-20 micrograms A chain). Since the immunotoxins prepared with deglycosylated A chain were only 2-3-fold more toxic to the mice than those prepared with native A chain, the former resulted in a 2-3-fold increase in the therapeutic index. PMID- 3258548 TI - Morphogenesis of mouse mammary epithelial cells growing within collagen gels: ultrastructural and immunocytochemical characterization. AB - Mammary epithelial cells from adult virgin mice have been cultured within collagen gels in totally serum-free medium containing either epidermal growth factor or the mammogenic hormones, progesterone and prolactin, or prolactin alone. The cellular organization, differentiation and cell-type composition of the colonies from the three culture conditions were assessed by transmission electron microscopy and light-microscope immunocytochemistry. The epithelial cells form branching duct-like structures and, when exposed to mammogenic hormones, assume a secretory morphology (including casein micelles) similar to that seen in the early to mid-pregnant mouse. PMID- 3258549 TI - Organization of lymphocyte plasma membrane. Surface protein-membrane matrix interactions in B-cell lines of different stages of differentiation. AB - Composition of surface proteins and their interactions with cytoskeleton or membrane matrix were compared in tumor B-cell lines of different stages of B lymphocyte maturation. All studied B-cell lines were found to share a similar set of cell surface proteins, which are tightly associated with the cytoskeleton. The increase in amount of detergent-unextractable cell surface proteins with B-cell maturation suggested that differentiation of B lymphocytes was accompanied by development of specific interactions between surface proteins and elements of the cytoskeleton or membrane matrix. Using a recently developed procedure for lymphocyte plasma membrane fractionation we demonstrate changes in distribution of cell surface proteins in membrane matrix-rich and membrane matrix-poor plasma membrane fractions during B-lymphocyte maturation. Thus, cell surface proteins of the mature B-cell line MOPC-315 were predominantly found in the plasma membrane vesicles of a high buoyant density. These vesicles mostly contained plasma membrane proteins tightly associated with elements of the membrane matrix. In immature B cells (line 70Z3) virtually all surface proteins were detected in both low and high buoyant density membrane vesicles. The tendency to increased associations between surface proteins and cytoskeleton/membrane matrix with maturation of B cells could not be explained by increased amounts of filamentous actin, since no correlation was found between the amount of globular or filamentous actin and the degree of surface protein-cytoskeleton (membrane matrix) interactions. PMID- 3258550 TI - Inhibitory effect of anti-class II antibodies on human B-cell activation. AB - The role of class II antigens for B-cell activation was analyzed using purified human B cells and anti-class II monoclonal antibodies. The stimulation of purified B cells with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I induced proliferation and differentiation into immunoglobulin-producing cells in the presence of interleukin-1 and T-cell-derived factors (B-cell growth factor and B-cell differentiation factor). The addition of anti-class II monoclonal antibodies inhibited B-cell responses. However, anti-class I monoclonal antibody did not inhibit B-cell responses. When mitomycin C and cycloheximide-treated B cells were added to the induction culture of B cells as the stimulator, B-cell responses were enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the stimulator B cells also partially restored the suppressed B-cell responses which were induced by the pretreatment of B cells with anti-class II antibody. This enhancing effect of stimulator B cells on B-cell responses was inhibited by the pretreatment of stimulator B cells with anti-class II antibody. The treatment of B cells with anti-class II antibody and complement depleted the activity of both responder B cells and stimulator B cells. These results suggest that cellular interaction among B cells exists in the B-cell activation induced with Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I and anti-class II antibody inhibits B-cell activation by interfering in this cellular interaction. PMID- 3258551 TI - Human B-cell differentiation by Fc fragment of IgG. I. Fc fragment from human IgG induces plasma cell generation but cannot induce lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Circulating mononuclear cells (MNC) from normal donors were examined for lymphocyte proliferation and plasma cell differentiation following stimulation by Fc and Fab fragments or by intact IgG. Lymphocyte differentiation and DNA synthesis were examined as a function of culture duration and concentration of Fc, Fab fragments, and IgG. Plasma cells containing intracytoplasmic Ig were demonstrated by immunofluorescence with a polyvalent antiserum to human immunoglobulin and with specific antisera (anti-mu, -gamma, -alpha, -delta, kappa, and -lambda chains). DNA synthesis of mononuclear cells cultures was analyzed by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation. The results indicated that only the Fc fragments are able to induce the differentiation of B cells. The polyclonal plasma cell response to Fc fragments was dose dependent, peaked on the sixth day of culture, and was isotypically diverse (IgM greater than IgA greater than IgG). This activity requires the presence of T helper cells and monocytes. In contrast, the Fc fragments were unable to induce a proliferative response. PMID- 3258552 TI - Limiting dilution analysis of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for individual influenza virus gene products. AB - The frequency of memory T cells specific for individual influenza virus gene products in the spleens of BALB/c mice primed with A/Puerto Rico/8/34/1(H1N1) (PR8) influenza A virus was determined by using limiting dilution protocols. The results confirm that the influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is the predominant protein recognized by BALB/c cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). This was true whether the responder splenocytes were restimulated with homologous PR8 virus or heterologous A/Japan/305/57 (H2N2) (JAP). The frequency hierarchy for BALB/c splenocytes restimulated with PR8 was NP greater than PB2 greater than or equal to H1 greater than NS1 greater than H2. The frequency of CTL specific for all other influenza gene products was too low to calculate. The CTL hierarchy for BALB/c splenocytes restimulated with JAP was NP greater than NS1, with all others lower than 1 in 96,000. PMID- 3258553 TI - Age-related changes in the capacity of bone marrow cells to differentiate in thymic organ cultures. AB - The capacity of the bone marrow to give rise to T cells in advanced age was studied in vitro by reconstituting fetal thymic lobes from 14-day C57BL/Ka (Thy 1.1) mice with bone marrow cells from old (24-month) or young (3-month) C57BL/6 (Thy-1.2) mice. The use of these congenic strains enabled distinguishing between donor and host contribution to the developing T cells. We found that bone marrow cells from aged mice maintained their capacity to reconstitute fetal thymic explants and to differentiate into various T-cell subsets as assessed by distinct T-cell-specific surface markers (Thy-1, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, and L3T4) and functions (concanavalin A-induced proliferative and cytotoxic responses). However, when mixtures of old and young bone marrow cells reconstituted fetal thymic explants, the cells of old mice were less efficient than those of young in their capacity to give rise to T cells. These results indicate that bone marrow cells from aged mice can reconstitute the thymus and differentiate into T cells; however, their reconstituting capacity is inferior to that of bone marrow cells from young mice. PMID- 3258554 TI - Epidermal growth factor enhances N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells. AB - To improve the usefulness of the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation system as a short-term test, it was investigated whether the variation in results due to serum variability could be reduced by the addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF). It was found that EGF-significantly (3-7-fold) enhanced the frequency of morphological transformation induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea or benzo[a]pyrene if added to growth medium supplemented with a batch of serum which had a low ability to support transformation. Furthermore, addition of EGF to the assay medium enabled the demonstration of dose dependence of transformation with relatively small group sizes (up to 2000 colonies). Finally, it was observed that the transformed phenotype was easier to recognize in the presence of EGF. These data suggest that routine addition of EGF to the assay medium might reduce variability and enhance sensitivity of the SHE transformation assay. PMID- 3258555 TI - Inhibition of DNA synthesis in primary cultures of hepatocytes by orotic acid. AB - Orotic acid has been shown to promote carcinogenesis in the liver and the intestine of the rat. In an attempt to determine whether orotic acid promotes liver carcinogenesis by creating differential mitoinhibition, experiments were designed to study the effect of orotic acid on the labeling index of isolated hepatocytes in response to epidermal growth factor. The results indicated that orotic acid added in vitro inhibited epidermal-growth-factor-induced labeling index of isolated hepatocytes. In addition, isolated hepatocytes from rats exposed to orotic acid under promoting conditions also exhibited a decreased response to epidermal growth factor. These data suggest that orotic acid may exert its promoting effect by differentially inhibiting the response of normal hepatocytes to one or more endogenous growth stimuli while permitting the initiated hepatocytes to respond to such stimuli and grow to form hepatic nodules. PMID- 3258556 TI - Microcomputer-assisted filing system of cardiac catheterization records using a relational database management system. AB - To efficiently store and retrieve cardiac catheterization records, we have developed a computer-assisted database, which comprises a 16-bit microcomputer with dual floppy disk drives, a 20 MB random-access memory, hard disk drive, and a line printer. All programmings were accomplished using a relational database management system (R:base 5000, Microrim, Inc.). Data inquiry procedures could be performed with direct operational commands of the system as well as with preprogrammed command files, and final results of searches were printed out with a line printer. The major advantages of the present system described in this report include: (1) the relatively easy and rapid creation of the database, (2) ease of modification of the database structures even after the system design is finished, (3) operational commands in combination with conditional operator(s) are flexible and powerful enough to allow the end user to retrieve data based on various kinds of criteria, (4) a high-level programming language provided by the R:base automates a series of database procedures with relative ease, (5) relational capabilities of the database management system can enhance the possibility of reconstruction of a new data file from a single or several preexisting data files, and (6) the system can be realized at reasonable cost. PMID- 3258557 TI - Diagnostic imaging of post-irradiation changes in the chest. AB - Thirty-nine patients were studied with regard to post-irradiation changes in the chest. Twenty of these were reviewed retrospectively and 19 studied prospectively. All patients had chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) of the chest following radiotherapy. Nineteen also had ventilation and perfusion studies of the lung, including single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and these were correlated with the chest radiographs and computed tomography. The majority showed abnormalities on computed tomography, the commonest being areas of lung opacification and evidence of volume loss. Several patients also showed a reduction in the size of pulmonary vessels. In most but not all, the changes were also seen on the chest radiographs. Abnormalities were not confined to the radiation fields, the vascular changes being present in large areas of lung which had not been directly irradiated. The structural and functional abnormalities correlated well as shown by ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy. However, single photon emission computed tomography was more sensitive than planar scintigraphy in showing perfusion defects, and it also showed some defects in areas of lung which appeared normal on computed tomography and the chest film. Computed and photon emission tomography were considerably more sensitive than chest radiography in showing the changes due to irradiation. The chest radiograph is clearly an insensitive indicator of post-irradiation change in the lung. Functional abnormalities are more profound and extensive than the chest film suggests, even when it is positive. There are clear implications for the planning of radiotherapy fields affecting the chest in patients who have good prospects of long-term survival. The maximum damage is related to irradiation of the hilum or mediastinum and this should be avoided wherever possible. PMID- 3258558 TI - Haemodynamic effects of intravenous human calcitonin-gene-related peptide in man. AB - 1. The effects of intravenous bolus doses of human calcitonin-gene-related peptide (hCGRP) were studied in ten healthy male volunteers. 2.5, 10 and 25 micrograms of hCGRP and placebo were administered to each subject in a randomized double-blind study. 2. hCGRP had no effect on systolic or diastolic blood pressure in the supine or standing position. 3. hCGRP increased supine and standing heart rate. Both the extent and duration of the tachycardia were dose related. 4. Plasma noradrenaline levels were transiently increased after 10 and 25 micrograms of hCGRP. 5. All subjects displayed marked facial flushing after the two higher doses of hCGRP. 6. We conclude that systemic administration of hCGRP produces tachycardia and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system in the absence of any change in blood pressure. PMID- 3258559 TI - An isolation method of DNA from Pneumocystis carinii: a quantitative comparison to known parasitic protozoan DNA. AB - 1. A method for isolating DNA from Pneumocystis carinii is described. 2. The DNA content per nucleus is 0.22-0.34 pg. 3. This finding is consistent with other parasitic protozoa DNA content per nuclei. PMID- 3258560 TI - Mitochondrial isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase in frog heart. PMID- 3258561 TI - Assignment of a gene coding for a human T-cell antigen with a molecular weight of 40,000 daltons to chromosome 17. AB - Hybrid human-mouse T-cell clones reactive with Tp40 antibody, which detects cluster of differentiation (CD)7 antigen on human T lymphocytes, were established. Karyotype analysis showed that human chromosome 17 was essential for the expression of CD7 antigen. The presence of this chromosome was confirmed by enzyme analysis of galactokinase, which is coded by a gene on human chromosome 17. PMID- 3258562 TI - Stimulation and proliferation of CD4+ peripheral blood T lymphocytes induced by an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. AB - There is experimental evidence that the CD4 molecule participates in the antigen driven activation of T cells expressing this surface glycoprotein. Whether CD4, a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family, acts as a ligand-binding molecule and/or is directly involved in the activation pathway has yet to be established. In this study, we show that human CD4+ lymphocytes can be activated by exposure to the anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) B66. Normal peripheral blood CD4+ cells were induced to proliferate and to synthesize interleukin 2 (IL 2) by the antibody. The specificity of the antibody stimulatory activity was tested by using IL 2-producing clones bearing either CD4 or CD8 on their surface. IL 2 production was induced by mAb B66 in CD4+, but not CD8+, clones, whereas both types of clones responded to stimulation by the anti-CD3 mAb Leu-4. Despite its unique stimulatory activity, mAb B66 shared with other anti-CD4 antibodies the ability to inhibit the specific cytolytic activity of CD4+ effector cells. These results clearly indicate that cross-linking of surface CD4 molecules with appropriate antibodies can fully activate CD4+ lymphocytes. Whether the natural ligand for CD4 can trigger this activation pathway remains to be defined. PMID- 3258563 TI - T cell recognition of endogenous IgG2a expressed in B lymphoma cells. AB - We recently characterized a panel of C57BL/6J T cell clones specific for IgG2a of the a allotype in association with I-Ab. Several of the clones gave surprisingly strong responses in the presence of normal spleen cells from several H-2b strains, including C3H.SW, A.BY, D1.LP and BALB.B, without the addition of exogenous antigen. Experiments using Igh-congenic mouse strains demonstrated that this response was directed towards shared allotypic determinants expressed on endogenously synthesized IgG2a molecules in various strains. Here we present evidence that the cell(s) responsible for this stimulation are conventional low density splenic accessory cells. Presentation of endogenously synthesized IgG2a by this population of dendritic cells, macrophages, and/or activated B cells was chloroquine sensitive. Thus, we conclude that this response is probably directed towards secreted IgG2a molecules that are internalized, processed and re expressed at the cell surface in association with class II molecules. We also tested the ability of T cell clone B61-34 to respond in the presence of the B lymphoma cell line M12.C3.A2. A strong response was again observed in the absence of exogenous antigen. Northern gel analysis of M12.C3.A2 messenger RNA provided evidence that these cells synthesize IgG2a in both a secreted and a membrane form. The response directed towards endogenous IgG2a expressed in M12.C3.A2 lymphoma cells is chloroquine resistant and considerably more efficient than that stimulated by IgG2a added as exogenous soluble antigen. These results demonstrate for the first time that B cells have the capacity to present antigenic determinants expressed on endogenously synthesized immunoglobulins to class II restricted T cells. The implications of these findings with respect to network models of immune regulation are discussed. PMID- 3258564 TI - Memory B cells in T cell-dependent antibody responses colonize the splenic marginal zones. AB - Specific hapten-binding B cells were identified in the splenic marginal zones following immunization with hapten-protein conjugates. Hapten binding by marginal zone B cells does not appear to be due to passive absorption of anti-hapten antibody. For double immunization with two haptens, 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) and 2 phenyloxazalone (Ox) each conjugated to hemocyanin, resulting in the appearance of discrete DNP-binding cells and Ox-binding cells in the marginal zone. Very few cells were identified which bound both haptens. The hapten-binding cells in the marginal zones have a phenotype characteristic of other marginal zone B cells. They express surface IgM but not IgD. Occasional cells also have surface IgG2c. All hapten-binding cells possessed the antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody HIS 14 but lacked those identified by HIS24 and HIS22. Hapten-binding B cells were shown to have been in cell cycle shortly before entering the marginal zone but were no longer in cell cycle after arriving at that site. Once in the marginal zone hapten-binding cells were shown to remain in that site for upwards of 2 weeks. Following reimmunization with DNP-hemocyanin, DNP-binding but not Ox binding cells were lost from the marginal zone. At the same time DNP-binding cells arrived in the periarteriolar lymphocytic sheath and to a lesser extent the follicles. These cells were in active cycle and appeared to give rise both to plasma cells and marginal zone hapten-binding cells. It is concluded that hapten binding cells found in the marginal zones are memory B cells i.e. they have been derived from B cells which have undergone antigen-driven proliferation, they are no longer in cell cycle but can be induced to re-enter cell cycle by subsequent exposure to antigen. Good antibody responses were obtained following immunization with hapten-polysaccharides; however, no hapten-binding cells appeared in the marginal zones in response to these T cell-independent type 2 antigens. PMID- 3258565 TI - Genetics and strain distribution of concanavalin A-reactive Ly-2-, L3T4- peripheral precursors of autoreactive T cells. AB - Cytotoxic treatment of BALB/c cells from different peripheral lymphoid tissues by a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies against Thy-1, Ly-1, L3T4 and Ly-2 differentiation markers (anti-T cocktail) plus complement eliminates all mature T lymphocytes. Yet a population of dull Thy-1+, Ly-1-, L3T4-, Ly-2-, corresponding to about 1% of the initial population, can be detected by flow cytometry which proliferate under concanavalin A stimulation. These anti-T killing-resistant cells (TKR) were previously shown to be capable of differentiating in culture into class II-restricted autoreactive T helper cells. We demonstrate here that such cells can be detected in mice of BALB/c and DBA/2 genetic background but are absent in C57BL/6 and B10 animals. The presence of TKR cells is dominant in (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 hybrids and genetically controlled by two genes which are neither H-2 nor Igh linked. TKR cells are also detected in young NZB mice but disappear with the development of the systemic autoimmune disease in old animals. Thy-1+, L3T4-, Ly-2- cells from MRL lpr/lpr mice also respond to concanavalin A but are removed by the anti-T treatment. Altogether, arguments are presented suggesting that TKR cells represent a particular subset of double-negative peripheral T cells which may correspond to autoreactive T cell recursors that would escape the thymic selection. We postulate that these cells are present in all mouse strains but their susceptibility to killing by anti-Thy-1 antibodies differs depending on background genes. PMID- 3258566 TI - Induction of the receptor for the Fc portion of IgA by secretory IgA on human T cell lines and T cell clones. AB - Human colostral secretory IgA (SIgA; predominantly present in dimeric of polymeric forms) induces receptors for the Fc portion of IgA (Fc alpha R) on cloned and noncloned human T cell lines. The binding of SIgA to its FcR was isotype specific, since it was not inhibited by IgG or IgM. Binding of SIgA was also not affected by ovalbumin asialoglycoprotein. In addition, SIgA blocked the binding of directly fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled SIgA in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas IgG and IgM were ineffective, confirming the specificity of the binding. Expression of Fc alpha R was specifically induced by SIgA, whereas serum IgA (predominantly present in monomeric form) had no effect. In addition, IgG, IgM and IgE were ineffective. This induction of Fc alpha R by SIgA was dose dependent. Optimal induction was observed at concentrations of 500 micrograms/ml after incubation times of 48 h. Fc alpha R were predominantly induced on T cell lines and T cell clones derived from tonsils. T cell lines and T cell clones established from peripheral blood could only occasionally be induced to express Fc alpha R. Induction of Fc alpha R expression was obtained both with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones. Fc alpha R were readily induced on T cell clones tested up to 6 days after activation by alloantigen. T cell clones tested 10-12 days after alloantigen activation failed to respond to SIgA. These results indicate that the inducibility of Fc alpha R is related to the activation stage of the T cell clones. PMID- 3258567 TI - In vivo function of natural killer cells as regulators of myeloid precursor cells in the spleen. AB - In order to study the in vivo effect that natural killer (NK) cells may have on hematopoietic precursor cells in the autologous host, NK-depleted mice were constructed by injection of an anti-NK-1.1 monoclonal antibody. Only the spleen, and not the bone marrow, of such NK-depleted mice shows an increase in the number of myeloid precursur cells able to form colonies in soft agar as compared to control mice with normal levels of NK activity. The increase in number of hematopoietic immature cells due to lack of a regulatory cell (i.e. NK cell) is selective for the committed myeloid precursur cells, and not evident for erythroid or pluripotent progenitor cells. This is direct evidence in support of the hypothesis that NK cells in the autologous host serve as a regulator of extramedullary myelopoiesis. PMID- 3258568 TI - Nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiotic resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in healthy children. AB - An investigation was undertaken to determine the isolation rate and antibiotic resistance of Haemophilus influenzae from the nasopharynx of young children. The 996 subjects studied were up to 6 years of age. H. influenzae was isolated from 304 (30.5%) and strains of capsular type b from 11 (1.1%). Age, sibling status, season, respiratory infection and antibiotic therapy all influenced isolation rates. The overall prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the strains isolated was ampicillin 5.4% (all beta-lactamase producers), cefaclor 0.3%, chloramphenicol 1.3%, erythromycin 38.2%, tetracycline 1.3%, trimethoprim 5.4% and sulphamethoxazole 0%. Ampicillin resistance was more common in type b than non-capsulated strains. PMID- 3258569 TI - Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in 871 miners according to Pi phenotype: a longitudinal study. AB - Pi phenotype was determined and alpha 1 protease inhibitor (alpha 1 Pi) was measured in 871 iron-ore miners examined twice at five years interval. A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was administered and lung function tests: spirometry (VC, FEV1.0), measurements of the residual volume (RV/TLC) and of the CO diffusion (FuCO), were carried out by the same medical and technical team, using the same apparatus. There were no differences in age, length of employment or smoking habits among the three Pi Phenotype groups: M (90.03%), MS (7.1%), MZ (2.8%). The prevalence of clinical symptoms at the initial survey and the incidence of symptoms between the 2 surveys were not related to Pi Phenotype groups. However a significantly steeper decline of FEV1.0/VC was observed in the alpha 1 Pi partially deficient groups MS and MZ (-3.9%) compared with the non deficient group (-1.8%). No significant difference was observed for VC, RV/TLC and FuCO. This finding suggests that an intermediate deficiency of alpha 1 Pi may be related to a slight but statistically significant impairment of a lung function in occupational conditions. PMID- 3258570 TI - Hydrocortisone modulates colony-stimulating activity produced by human bone marrow-derived adherent cells. AB - In an attempt to clarify the significance of hydrocortisone (HC) in human long term bone marrow cultures, the production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) and colony-enhancing activity (CEA) by human bone marrow-derived adherent cells (MDAC) and the modulation by HC were examined. The CSA production by MDAC was demonstrated using bilayer agar cultures. After treatment of MDAC with 10(-6) mol/l HC, the CSA production was markedly enhanced, and after treatment of macrophages with 10(-6) mol/l HC, the CSA production was inhibited. When added to a granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells (CFU-GM) assay system, HC inhibited colony formation. These results suggest that HC treatment directly stimulates CSA production by nonmacrophage cells of MDAC. The conditioned medium of the confluent layer of MDAC contained CEA, which was not influenced by the HC treatment of MDAC. Thus, HC plays an essential role in granulopoiesis in vitro, enhancing the CSA production by MDAC and inhibiting the differentiation of CFU GM. PMID- 3258571 TI - Persistence of von Willebrand factor abnormalities in patients with myeloproliferative disease in spite of use of antiproteolytic mixture as anticoagulant. PMID- 3258572 TI - [Age-related dynamics of the response of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system in rats to a change in corticoid levels of the blood]. AB - Hypothalamic vasopressin- and corticoliberinergic neurosecretory cells are able to change their activity after true or shame adrenalectomy in respect to the level of corticoids even in 10-day old rats. Vasopressin and corticoliberin accumulate in the nerve fiber terminals of the median eminence external zone a few days after surgery in young rats as opposed to the accumulation within 2-3 weeks usually observed in adults. The underdifferentiation of neurovascular relations in the neurohaemal area seems to be the reason for [areactivity] of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in young rats. PMID- 3258573 TI - [Seasonal variability in the cholinergic reaction of the frog heart]. AB - Seasonal changes in sensitivity to acetylcholine were studied on the isolated frog ventricle. The highest sensitivity was observed in autumn and winter (November-January). In spring, from the period of reproduction, the sensitivity to acetylcholine drops to-threefold and remains at a low level until September. Seasonal changes were more obvious in females. The observed seasonal changes are discussed with reference to ecology, state of reproductive system, etc. PMID- 3258574 TI - Stimulation of growth of Nb2 lymphoma cells by interleukin-2 in serum-free and serum-containing media. AB - The human recombinant alanine-125 analogue of interleukin-2 (IL-2) causes a dose dependent mitogenic response in rat lymphoma Nb2-11C cloned cells when tested in serum-containing medium and serum-free medium. IL-2 and hGH elicit their growth stimulation through different receptors since IL-2 does not compete with 125I-hGH for binding to Nb2 cells and Met14hGH, an antagonist of hGH, inhibits the hGH stimulated growth of Nb2 cells but not that caused by IL-2. The tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) potentiates the action of hGH on Nb2 cells grown in both serum-containing and in serum-free medium. TPA to a variable degree also potentiates IL-2-stimulated growth of Nb2 cells when cultured in medium containing serum but has no effect on cells grown in serum-free medium. In conclusion, IL-2 is a potent mitogen for Nb2-11C cells. PMID- 3258575 TI - [Immunological elimination of cytogenetically aberrant cells induced by infectious factors]. AB - Injection of measles virus and streptolysin-O into the cultures of human fibroblasts (HF) significantly increased the number of cells with cytogenetic aberrations. Injection of non-immune autologous T-lymphocytes resulted in the decrease in the number of aneuploid HF leading to the intact condition. Immune homologous T-lymphocytes, in contrast to non-immune autologous ones, were shown to remove cells with structural chromosome damage, without affecting the number of polyploid and aneuploid cells. Two equally possible suggestions can be made concerning non-immune autologous T-lymphocytes: 1) T-lymphocytes remove HF having virus antigens on their surface or 2) T-lymphocytes define and eliminate fibroblasts with the cell surface changed, as a result of virus-induced damage. PMID- 3258577 TI - [Retrogasserian injection of glycerol for trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 3258576 TI - Prevalence of sexually transmitted disease among male patients presenting with proctitis. AB - Fifty male patients with proctitis were examined and the clinical, microbiological, serological and proctological features compared with 51 known male homosexuals attending the genitourinary (GU) clinic at the same hospital. The homosexuals had a short history of bowel symptoms, minor sigmoidoscopic and histological changes on rectal biopsy and many positive serological markers of sexually transmitted infection. There was some evidence of sexually transmitted disease in the IBD patients and three were homosexuals. IgG antibodies were positive for chlamydia trachomatis (n = 10) and hepatitis A (n = 7). One had a positive screening test for syphilis. Stool examination and rectal swab cultures were positive in two patients for cryptosporidium and cytomegalovirus respectively. Gastroenterologists must be aware of the possibility of specific infection in IBD patients and a clinical history should include sexual preferences and practices. If homosexuality is admitted, specific infection must be sought and excluded. PMID- 3258578 TI - Prognostic indicators in alcoholic cirrhotic men. AB - The relationships between portal pressure, liver function and clinical variables on one hand and development of variceal hemorrhage and death on the other were investigated in 58 men with newly diagnosed alcoholic cirrhosis. Portal pressure was determined during hepatic vein catheterization as wedged minus free hepatic vein pressure, and median pressure was 14 mm Hg (range = 3 to 26 mm Hg). Fourteen of 31 patients (45%) had esophageal varices at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (the size being considered large in nine patients). During follow-up (median = 31 months; range = 2 to 51 months), 12 patients (21%) developed variceal hemorrhage. Applying Cox's regression analysis, information about previous variceal bleeding (p = 0.0046), large varices at endoscopy (p = 0.012), hepatic vein pressure gradient (p = 0.0056) and indocyanine green clearance (p = 0.038) all contained significant prognostic information regarding development of variceal hemorrhage, even when easily obtained variables with known prognostic information were included [modified Child-Turcotte's criteria and incapacitation index (a weighted sum of days without normal health)]. During follow-up, 17 patients (29%) died. Applying Cox's regression analysis, large varices at endoscopy (p = 0.012) and hepatic vein pressure gradient (p = 0.019) contained significant prognostic information regarding death, in addition to the information contained in the modified Child-Turcotte's criteria and incapacitation index. In conclusion, prediction of prognosis in alcoholic cirrhotic men may be significantly improved by information about size of esophageal varices and level of portal pressure. PMID- 3258579 TI - Large granular lymphocytes in the liver. PMID- 3258581 TI - A novel HLA class II molecule. AB - Molecular evidence has been obtained for a novel monomorphic HLA class II molecule distinct from HLA-DP/DQ/DR using a panel of lymphoblastoid cells which include HLA-loss mutants. The expression of this molecule was investigated using monomorphic affinity-purified mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including one of the IgG2a subclass designated EDU-1. This antibody reacts strongly in a cell binding radioimmunoassay with HLA-DR and -DQ loss mutants derived from a lymphoblastoid parental cell. The EDU-1 mAb also reacted with a local panel of homozygous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed cell lines. The reactive molecules were further detected on allostimulated T-cell clones and various leukemic cells including those of myeloid origin which lack surface expression of HLA-DQ molecules. Thus the class II molecule described in this study corresponds to a monomorphic HLA class II determinant expressed on a variety of cells of different origin and HLA phenotypes. Moreover, this antigen structure is distinct from that of HLA-DP/DQ/DR as shown by direct immunoprecipitation, serial immunodepletion experiments, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The molecule could be specified by new class II genes between DP and DQ. An alternative explanation for the genetic basis of the novel molecule is the existence of isotypic associations between alpha and beta chains of various class II molecules (DP, DX, DZ, and DO) but not DR and DQ as the mutant cells tested lack the latter genes. PMID- 3258580 TI - An HLA-A2 population variant with structural polymorphism in the alpha 3 region. AB - The HLA-A2 antigen expressed by donor OZB can be distinguished from the main HLA A2.1 subtype by isoelectric focusing - it is one charge unit more acidic - and by some alloreactive T-cell clones but not by cytolytic T lymphocyte lines. The structure of variant OZB has been examined by comparative peptide mapping with A2.1 and radiochemical sequence analysis. The two molecules were found to differ in a single tryptic peptide from the alpha 3 region, spanning residues 220-243. The amino acid sequence of this peptide from variant OZB revealed that there was only one amino acid change of Glu instead of Ala at position 236, a hitherto invariant residue in class I HLA antigens. All previously characterized HLA or H 2 natural variants have structural changes restricted to the alpha 1 and/or alpha 2 domains. Thus, variant OZB is unique in that (1) it has one amino acid change in alpha 3 and (2) it has no changes in alpha 1 and alpha 2. The only detected substitution of this variant may be accounted for by a single base change at the DNA level, suggesting that it might have resulted from a point mutation in the A2.1 gene. The structural features of variant OZB open a novel way to examine the influence of polymorphism in alpha 3 on cytolytic T-cell recognition of naturally occurring class I antigens. PMID- 3258582 TI - Modified lymphocyte response to mitogens after intraperitoneal injection of glycopeptidolipid antigens from Mycobacterium avium complex. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of glycopeptidolipid (GPL) antigens from Mycobacterium avium complex serovar 4 resulted in the decreased ability of murine splenic lymphocytes to respond to nonspecific-mitogen-induced blastogenesis when exposed to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide. Adherent cell depletion and cell mixing experiments with T lymphocytes indicated that macrophages were not a major contributor to the immunosuppression observed in this study. Enumeration of splenic lymphocytes by means of flow-cytometry with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of GPL antigens resulted in a significant decrease in Thy-1+ and Lyt-1+ cells but no change in the numbers of Lyt-2+ cells. Treatment with GPL antigens in vitro affected the ability of splenic mononuclear cells to respond optimally for concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis at 40 micrograms of GPL per 4 X 10(5) cells per 0.2 ml and lipopolysaccharide-induced blastogenesis at concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 micrograms of GPL per 4 X 10(5) cells per 0.2 ml. However, in vitro treatment with GPL antigens did not affect phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis at concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 micrograms of GPL per 4 X 10(5) cells per 0.2 ml. These findings suggest that GPL antigens or their metabolites affect lymphocyte function and may be important cofactors in the overall pathogenesis of M. avium complex infections. PMID- 3258583 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibody with potential use as an Eimeria tenella sporozoite antigen surrogate for vaccination of chickens against coccidiosis. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies were raised in rabbits against four monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the surface antigenic determinants of Eimeria tenella sporozoites, the infective stage of the coccidial parasite. Two of the monoclonal antibodies (1073 and 15-1) transferred passive protection in chickens against E. tenella infection. The polyclonal anti-idiotype antibody preparations against protective monoclonal antibodies contained specificities for the paratope associated idiotypes of these monoclonal antibodies, as assessed by the competitive inhibition of binding of the homologous idiotype-anti-idiotype by the sporozoite antigen. Competitive inhibition of binding of homologous idiotype-anti idiotype by the parasite antigen was not observed when the anti-idiotype antibody preparations against monoclonal antibodies 1546 and 1096 were tested. The anti idiotype 1073 and 15-1 antibodies functioned as surrogate antigens in vivo when used for vaccination of young chickens, as evidenced by the induction of partial protective immunity against subsequent challenge infection with virulent parasites and induction of antisporozoite antibodies. These data clearly support the view that anti-idiotypic antibodies raised against the paratope-associated idiotypes can mimic pathogen antigens and therefore can provide a possible alternative approach for the vaccination of chickens against coccidiosis. PMID- 3258584 TI - Killing of human myelomonocytic leukemia and lymphocytic cell lines by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin. AB - The purified leukotoxin of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans kills human leukemic cell lines (e.g., HL-60, U937, and KG-1) and human T- and B-cell lines (e.g., JURKAT, MOLT-4, Daudi, and Raji) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The 50% effective doses for these cell lines are similar to those established for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. In contrast, other human and nonhuman tumor cell lines are not susceptible to the leukotoxin. These human leukemia and lymphoid cell lines will serve as useful model systems with which to study the molecular specificity and mechanism(s) of action of the actinobacillus leukotoxin. PMID- 3258587 TI - Vicia villosa lectin is a mitogen for mouse T lymphocytes. AB - Mouse T lymphocytes cultured in the presence of Vicia villosa lectin, usually considered to be non-mitogenic, proliferate and produce interleukin-2. V. villosa induced proliferation does not correlate with the cell ability to adhere to V. villosa-coated dishes, this is evident from the fact that either V. villosa adherent or -nonadherent cells are equally sensitive to the mitogenic effect of the lectin. Furthermore, the sugar N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, which is reported to be highly specific for V. villosa, does not reduce the lectin-induced proliferation. These data indicate that there is a difference in the carbohydrate moieties required for the adherence to V. villosa and its mitogenic effect. These results are discussed on the light of the current use of V. villosa lectin as marker for some T cell subpopulations. PMID- 3258585 TI - Alveolar macrophage function is selectively altered after endotoxemia in rats. AB - The alveolar macrophage (AM) is exquisitely sensitive to activation by gram negative bacterial endotoxin, an agent associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that specific functions of the AM are activated selectively by in vivo endotoxin while others remain unaffected. AMs were recovered from the airspaces of control and endotoxin-treated (5.0 mg/kg) rats, and functional assays were performed. We measured macrophage adherence, viability, and survival; chemotactic movement; hydrogen peroxide production; phagocytic function; and the secretion of representative biological response modifiers. Endotoxemia enhanced AM adherence during a 15-h incubation period, while not affecting cell number or viability. There was a 60% reduction in AM chemotactic movement and a 65% augmentation of hydrogen peroxide production, but no effect on AM phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus. Endotoxemia enhanced AM production of macrophage-derived chemotactic activity for neutrophils by 70% and interleukin-1 activity by 100%, but did not affect the production of macrophage derived growth factor activity for fibroblasts. We conclude that endotoxemia alters the functions of the AM in a selective manner; certain functions are enhanced, while others are inhibited or not affected. We believe that this selective effect on AM functional capacity may be an important mechanism explaining certain aspects of the course, duration, or outcome of adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with gram-negative sepsis. PMID- 3258586 TI - Resolution of chlamydial genital infection in B-cell-deficient mice and immunity to reinfection. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative roles of the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in the resolution of chlamydial genital infection of mice and resistance to reinfection. To this end, female BALB/c mice were rendered B cell deficient by treatment with heterologous anti immunoglobulin M (IgM) serum from birth. Controls were similarly treated with either normal serum or phosphate-buffered saline. Before inclusion in each experiment, anti-IgM-treated mice were screened for the absence of IgM in serum and for the presence of cell-mediated immune responses. In addition, spleen cells from anti-IgM-treated mice responded to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin but not to lipopolysaccharide. By these criteria, mice were designated B cell deficient. B-cell-deficient mice and controls were inoculated intravaginally with a suspension of mouse pneumonitis agent (MoPn), a Chlamydia trachomatis biovar. All B-cell-deficient mice resolved the infection. Additionally, no significant difference was seen in the course of the infection in B-cell-deficient mice when compared with controls. In contrast to control mice, B-cell-deficient mice displayed no detectable antibody responses to MoPn in serum or in genital secretions. However, both B-cell-deficient mice and controls developed delayed type hypersensitivity and T-cell proliferative responses to MoPn. When challenged 53 days after primary infection, no significant difference was seen in the resistance of B-cell-deficient mice to reinfection when compared with that of the controls. These data indicate that cell-mediated immune mechanisms play an important role in the resolution of and resistance to chlamydial genital infection in this model. PMID- 3258588 TI - Evaluation of the direct and indirect mixed antiglobulin reaction with latex particles for the diagnosis of immunological infertility. AB - The direct Mixed Antiglobulin Reaction (MAR test) is a simple method for the detection of auto-antibodies attached to spermatozoa in fresh semen. The test was improved by using IgG-coated latex particles (SpermMAR) instead of coated red blood cells. A positive direct MAR test with adherence of latex particles to 40% or more of the motile spermatozoa was found in 16 out of 312 men (5%) consulting for infertility, but never in fertile controls. The percentage of motile spermatozoa reacting with the coated latex particles was correlated significantly with the serum titre of sperm agglutinins assessed by the tray agglutination test. The direct MAR test on semen was highly specific but rather insensitive, particularly if the serum titre of agglutinins was low. The same kit (SpermMAR) can be used to detect circulating sperm antibodies in serum of male or female patients with the indirect mixed antiglobulin reaction. The indirect MAR test discriminated clearly between serum with low (less than 1/32) or high (greater than 1/32) titres of circulating agglutinins assessed by the tray agglutination test. Considering their simplicity and accuracy, both the direct test on semen and the indirect spermMAR test on serum should be included in the routine evaluation of the infertile couple. PMID- 3258589 TI - Glycoprotein P3.58, associated with tumor progression in malignant melanoma, is a novel leukocyte activation antigen. AB - The P3.58 antigen is defined by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) selected to discriminate between benign and malignant melanocytic cells. Its expression in malignant cells has been shown to correlate with an increased risk of metastasis. A survey of a wide range of tissues revealed that, on normal tissue, expression of P3.58 antigen is restricted to a subset of cells involved in the immune response. The antigen was found not only on certain endothelia, but also on activated macrophages in vivo and in vitro and as well as on activated B lymphocytes. A comparison with known B-lymphocyte and leukocyte activation antigens indicated that P3.58 is a novel leukocyte activation antigen. Biochemical analysis of the P3.58 antigen isolated from cells of different histogenic origin indicated that different molecular forms of the antigen exist, apparently depending on the cell type of origin. P3.58 molecules precipitated from tunicamycin-treated cells were identical in all cell types, suggesting that the variation observed is due to variable N-glycosylation. PMID- 3258590 TI - Human ovarian carcinoma lysis by cytotoxic T cells targeted by bispecific monoclonal antibodies: analysis of the antibody components. AB - In the perspective of in vivo therapeutic applications, the monoclonal antibody (MAb) MOv18 was selected for its restricted reactivity with human ovarian carcinoma. Using the pH 2.8 desorption assay, we found that the antigen recognized by MOv18 had a high stability on the cell membrane and poor internalization. Therefore, a therapeutic approach which does not require internalization, i.e., the re-targeting of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by bispecific MAbs, was investigated. MOv18 and anti-CD3 MAbs were used to produce bispecific reagents, obtained either by chemical cross-linkage (hetero conjugates) or by somatic hybridization techniques (hybrid MAbs). The maintenance of the binding reactivity and specificity of the bispecific MAbs was analyzed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay, immunofluorescence and cross-competition tests on the relevant target cells (ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCA 432 for MOv18 and PHA stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells for anti-CD3 MAbs), and on 2 irrelevant tumor cell lines. Bv a 51Cr-release assay the bispecific MAbs were found to efficiently promote, at picomolar concentration, cell lysis by CTL clones, but the specificity pattern was wider than that predicted by the binding studies. The F(ab')2 fragment of one hybrid MAb mediated a lysis which was just as efficient as the entire MAb on the relevant target cells and allowed specific lysis to be distinguished from Fc-receptor-mediated lysis. Human immunoglobulins were unable to compete with the Fc receptor binding of the hybrid MAbs and therefore, in the perspective of in vivo applications, Fc fragment removal seems to be an essential step. Analysis of the bispecific reagents indicated that hybrid MAbs are superior to the heteroconjugate as far as storage stability is concerned. PMID- 3258591 TI - Target-cell specificity of hematopoietic regulatory proteins for different clones of myeloid leukemic cells: two regulators secreted by Krebs carcinoma cells. AB - The normal myeloid hematopoietic regulatory proteins include one class of proteins that induces viability and multiplication of normal myeloid precursor cells to form colonies (called MGI-1 = CSF or IL-3) and another class (called MGI 2 = DF) that induces differentiation of normal myeloid precursors without inducing cell multiplication. Different clones of myeloid leukemia cells can differ in their response to these regulatory proteins. The present experiments characterize proteins secreted by Krebs ascites carcinoma cells that induce differentiation of 2 different types of myeloid leukemic cell clones (clones II and 7-M12). The results indicate the following: (1) Krebs cells produce 2 distinct and separable proteins, each inducing differentiation in one of the leukemic clones. (2) One protein induced differentiation of clone-II myeloid leukemic cells and of normal myeloid precursor cells was free of any colony inducing (MGI-1 = CSF or IL-3) activity, bound to double-stranded mammalian DNA, and was thus a differentiation-inducing protein MGI-2. This MGI-2 protein (MGI 2A) was purified to a single silver-stained band on an SDS polyacrylamide gel. (3) The other protein induced differentiation of clone 7-M12 myeloid leukemic cells, did not bind to double-stranded DNA and could not be separated from the myeloid growth-inducing protein MGI-1GM (GM-CSF) after 6 steps of purification including high-pressure liquid chromatography. The use of specific antisera confirmed that the protein which induced differentiation of clone 7-M12 leukemic cells was MGI-1 GM. The results show that Krebs ascites tumor cells produce 2 different myeloid hematopoietic regulatory proteins that differ in their target specificity for different clones of myeloid leukemic cells. PMID- 3258592 TI - HLA-DR2 in Israeli Jews with narcolepsy-cataplexy. PMID- 3258593 TI - Two presumed novel beta-lactamases in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 3258594 TI - In-vitro activity of cefaclor, cephalexin and ampicillin against 2458 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The zone sizes and MICs of ampicillin, cefaclor and cephalexin were determined for 2458 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae collected in 1986 during a national survey of the prevalence of resistance in this species. Cefaclor showed greater in-vitro activity than cephalexin against all isolates, with a modal MIC of 4 mg/l compared with 8 mg/l. MIC50 values for the 2201 ampicillin-sensitive and 157 beta-lactamase-positive resistant strains were similar for both cephalosporins (4 mg/l for cefaclor, and 8 mg/l for cephalexin). A further 100 strains with a reduced zone (less than 20 mm) to a 2 micrograms ampicillin disc showed a definite (MIC greater than or equal to 4 mg/l) or intermediate (MIC 1 or 2 mg/l) degree of intrinsic resistance to ampicillin. Both cephalosporins showed a marked and significant rise in MIC values for this group. Cefaclor is the more active agent against ampicillin-sensitive and beta-lactamase-positive H. influenzae but strains with an intrinsic mechanism of resistance to ampicillin are markedly less sensitive to both cefaclor and cephalexin. PMID- 3258595 TI - Energy-driven uptake of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium into chromaffin granules via the catecholamine transporter. AB - Chromaffin granules take up and concentrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) through a temperature-sensitive and saturable mechanism. The uptake displays an apparent Km of 51.2 microM and a Vmax of 7.1 nmol/min/mg of protein. MPP+ uptake is markedly depressed in the absence of ATP or by inhibition of the membrane Mg2+ dependent ATPase, and it is completely blocked by reserpine. Reversal of the membrane potential by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone or dissipation of the pH gradient in the presence of nigericin plus potassium ions produces a marked inhibition of MPP+ uptake indicating that the process is dependent upon the integrity of the transmembrane proton electrochemical gradient generated and maintained by the membrane Mg2+-dependent ATPase. Furthermore, the data shows that a permanently charged compound is capable of entering the granule through the catecholamine carrier. PMID- 3258596 TI - Aminoacridines, potent inhibitors of protein kinase C. AB - Acridine orange, acridine yellow G, and related compounds potently inhibited protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme) activity and phorbol dibutyrate binding. Inhibition was investigated in vitro using Triton X-100 mixed micellar assays (Hannun, Y. A., Loomis, C. R., and Bell, R. M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 10039-10043 and Hannun, Y. A., and Bell, R. M. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 9341-9347). Inhibition by the acridine derivatives was subject to surface dilution; therefore, the relevant concentration unit is mol % rather than the bulk molar concentration. Fifty percent inhibition of protein kinase C activity occurred at concentrations of these compounds comparable to concentrations of sn 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylserine (PS) required for enzyme activation (i.e. 1-6 mol %). The mechanism of inhibition appeared to be complex: both the catalytic and regulatory sites of protein kinase C were affected. Acridine orange was a competitive inhibitor with respect to MgATP when the catalytic fragment of protein kinase C was employed. Inhibition at the active site was overcome by the addition of Triton X-100 micelles or phospholipid vesicles. When the activity of intact protein kinase C was measured, inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to MgATP. Further kinetic analysis suggested a competitive type of inhibition with respect to PS and DAG implying an interaction of acridine compounds with the regulatory lipid cofactors or with the regulatory domain of protein kinase C. This was further supported by demonstrating inhibition of phorbol dibutyrate binding to both protein kinase C and the lipid binding domain generated by trypsin hydrolysis. Acridine orange and acridine yellow G also inhibited thrombin-induced 40-kDa phosphorylation in human platelets and phorbol dibutyrate binding to platelets. These effects were also subject to surface dilution. These results suggest that acridine derivatives have multiple interactions with protein kinase C with the predominant effect being inhibition of activation within the regulatory domain of the enzyme. Some of the biologic effects of acridine derivatives including anti-tumor action may occur as a consequence of protein kinase C inhibition. PMID- 3258597 TI - Two alternative mechanisms control the interconversion of functional states of the epidermal growth factor receptor. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha bind to a common receptor at the cell surface. Both the affinity and the tyrosine protein kinase activity of the receptor are regulated by exogenous factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor. A protein kinase C-dependent (Ca2+/phospholipid dependent enzyme) and independent regulatory mechanism have been described. The protein kinase C-dependent mechanism results in the inhibition of the affinity and tyrosine kinase activity of the EGF receptor. We describe in this report an alternative mechanism of regulation of the receptor that is mediated by sphingosine. Treatment of WI-38 human fetal lung fibroblasts with 5 microM sphingosine for 2 min at 37 degrees C caused a marked increase in the affinity of the EGF receptor. Similar results were obtained when isolated plasma membranes prepared from these cells were incubated with sphingosine. A stimulation of the EGF receptor tyrosine protein kinase activity was also observed after sphingosine treatment of plasma membranes. Sphingosine caused a decrease in the Km for ATP and an increase in the Vmax for the tyrosine phosphorylation of a synthetic peptide substrate. Control experiments demonstrated that these actions of sphingosine were not secondary to the inhibition of protein kinase C. These data indicate that sphingosine causes the functional conversion of the EGF receptor into an activated state that expresses both a high affinity for EGF and an increased tyrosine kinase activity. We conclude that sphingosine is a bioactive molecule in human fibroblasts. PMID- 3258598 TI - Activation of a Ca2+-inhibitable protein kinase that phosphorylates microtubule associated protein 2 in vitro by growth factors, phorbol esters, and serum in quiescent cultured human fibroblasts. AB - Treatment of quiescent human embryonic lung fibroblastic cells (TIG-3) with 10 nM epidermal growth factor (EGF) resulted in 4-6-fold activation of a protein kinase activity in cell extracts that phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) on serine and threonine residues in vitro. The half-maximal activation of the kinase activity occurred within 5 min after EGF treatment, and the maximal level was attained at 15 min. Casein and histone were very poor substrates for this EGF-stimulated MAP2 kinase activity. The activation of the kinase activity persisted after brief dialysis. Interestingly, the EGF-stimulated MAP2 kinase activity was sensitive to micromolar concentrations of free Ca2+; it was inhibited 50% by 0.5 microM Ca2+ and almost totally inhibited by 2 microM Ca2+. The activated MAP2 kinase activity was recovered in flow-through fractions on phosphocellulose column chromatography, while kinase activities that phosphorylate 40 S ribosomal protein S6 (S6 kinase activities) were mostly retained on the column and eluted at 0.5 M NaCl. Platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, phorbol esters (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate), and fresh fetal calf serum also induced activation of the MAP2 kinase in the quiescent TIG 3 cells. The activated MAP2 kinase activity in cells stimulated by platelet derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, or fetal calf serum was almost completely inhibited by 2 microM Ca2+, like the EGF stimulated kinase. In addition, MAP2 phosphorylated by the kinase activated by different stimuli gave very similar phosphopeptide mapping patterns. These results suggest that several growth factors, phorbol esters, and serum activate a common, Ca2+-inhibitable protein kinase which is distinct from S6 kinase in quiescent human fibroblasts. PMID- 3258599 TI - Location of fatty acids in lipid A obtained from lipopolysaccharide of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ATCC 17023. AB - Monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA) obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ATCC 17023 was initially purified by silicic acid column chromatography to yield a single major pentaacyl MLA fraction. This fraction was methylated and further purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography to yield three prominent peak fractions. Laser desorption mass spectrometry of these three fractions allowed us to complete the important structural analysis of lipid A from this source. Three structurally distinct forms of dimethyl MLA were identified where Mr = 1447, 1449, and 1451 atomic mass units. These forms differed only by the presence or absence of unsaturation and keto group in the fatty acids. We established that the acyloxyacyl group (either delta 7-tetradecenoyloxytetradecanoate or tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoate) and the 3-ketotetradecanoate or hydroxytetradecanoate occupied the 2'- and 2-positions of the glucosamine disaccharide, respectively. Analysis of several minor fractions suggests that there is considerable structural heterogeneity in the MLA. With this new knowledge, the study of the structure-to-function relationship of the reported lack of toxicity of lipopolysaccharide from R. sphaeroides can be completed. PMID- 3258600 TI - The identification of matrix Gla protein in cartilage. AB - The vitamin K-dependent bone protein matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) protein (MGP) has been identified by radioimmunoassay in the guanidine extract of rat cartilage. MGP was present in all cartilages tested at levels comparable to the MGP level in bone. Western blot analysis indicated that the molecular weight of cartilage MGP is the same as bone MGP, and Northern blot analysis revealed that MGP mRNA from cartilage is the same size as the MGP mRNA from bone. The structurally related vitamin K-dependent protein bone Gla protein could not be detected in cartilage by radioimmunoassay or by Northern blot analysis. The discovery that MGP is synthesized by growth plate cartilage could provide an explanation for the excessive growth plate mineralization disorder seen in rats treated with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin and the punctate mineralization of the growth plate seen in infants whose mothers received warfarin in the first trimester of pregnancy (the fetal warfarin syndrome). Both disorders appear to be caused by the inactivation of a vitamin K-dependent mineralization inhibitor in cartilage, an inhibitor which we suggest is MGP. PMID- 3258601 TI - Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits collagen gene transcription and collagen synthesis in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - The effects of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) on collagen production and gene expression in cultured fibroblasts were studied. Cells were labeled with [3H]proline, and the radioactivity of collagenase sensitive and -resistant proteins were used to calculate the rates of protein production. The net production of collagen relative to total proteins was inhibited by TNF alpha (0-1.2 nM) in a dose- and time-related manner. The specific activities of the free [3H]proline pool, which were similar in control and TNF alpha-treated cells, were used to calculate the absolute rates of protein production. The absolute rate of collagen production was decreased by 50% in the presence of 1.2 nM TNF alpha during 24-h incubations (851 +/- 104 versus 426 +/- 39 pmol/micrograms of DNA/h; p less than 0.01), whereas noncollagen protein production and the rate of procollagen secretion were unchanged. We found no evidence of cellular toxicity in cultured cells treated with TNF alpha. In addition, TNF alpha did not affect cell proliferation as determined by [6 3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. Most of the collagen produced by the cultured fibroblasts was type I. Using hybridization with specific DNA probes there was an approximately 50% decrease in the quantity of procollagen alpha 1(I) mRNA, without changes in the quantity of alpha tubulin mRNA or the size of the transcripts, in cells incubated with TNF alpha. Interleukin-1 (2.5 ng/ml) also decreased the levels of procollagen alpha 1(I) mRNA by approximately 50%. Cycloheximide (0.1 mM), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, blocked the inhibitory effect of both TNF alpha and interleukin-1 on procollagen alpha 1(I) mRNA. Nuclear run-off assays demonstrated that TNF alpha decreased procollagen alpha 1(I) transcriptional activity by 50% and had no effects on alpha tubulin gene transcription. Thus, TNF alpha decreases collagen gene transcription, collagen mRNA levels, and collagen production in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 3258602 TI - Metabolism and anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 activity of 2-halo-2',3' dideoxyadenosine derivatives. AB - Both 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine have been shown (Mitsuya, H., and Broder, S. (1987) Nature 325, 773-778) to have in vitro activity against the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV). However, these dideoxynucleosides may be catabolized by human T cells, even when adenosine deaminase is inhibited by deoxycoformycin. To overcome this problem, we have synthesized the 2-fluoro-, 2 chloro-, and 2-bromo-derivatives of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine. The metabolism and anti-HIV activity of the 2-halo-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine derivatives and of 2',3' dideoxyadenosine were compared. The 2-halo-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine derivatives were not deaminated significantly by cultured CEM T lymphoblasts. Experiments with 2-chloro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine showed that the T cells converted the dideoxynucleoside to the 5'-monophosphate, 5'-diphosphate, and 5'-triphosphate metabolites. At concentrations lower than those producing cytotoxicity in uninfected cells (3-10 microM), the 2-halo-2',3-dideoxyadenosine derivatives inhibited the cytopathic effects of HIV toward MT-2 T lymphoblasts, and retarded viral replication in CEM T lymphoblasts. Experiments with a deoxycytidine kinase deficient mutant CEM T cell line showed that this enzyme was necessary for the phosphorylation and anti-HIV activity of the 2-chloro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine. In contrast, 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine was phosphorylated by the deoxycytidine kinase deficient mutant and retained anti-HIV activity in this cell line. Thus, the 2 halo derivatives of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine, in contrast to 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine itself, are not catabolized by T cells. Their anti-HIV and anti-proliferative activities are manifest only in cells expressing deoxycytidine kinase. The in vivo implications of these results for anti-HIV chemotherapy are discussed. PMID- 3258603 TI - Masking patterns in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). I: Behavioral effects. AB - A psychophysical technique based on reflex modification was used to measure masked auditory thresholds in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Masked thresholds were converted to critical ratios to describe the frequency selectivity of the bullfrog's hearing. The bullfrog's critical ratio function is complex. At low frequencies (100-600 Hz), it increases gradually with tone frequency at a rate of about 4 dB/octave. At high frequencies (1000-2500 Hz), the rate of increase with tone frequency is steeper (9 dB/octave). Critical ratios are lowest at frequencies around 1000 Hz (about 18 dB). Unlike effects previously reported in another anuran species, the green treefrog, the bullfrog's critical ratio function is not parallel to its pure-tone audiogram. Moreover, the relationship of the bullfrog's critical ratio function to the spectral composition of its species-specific vocalizations is not as compelling as in the green treefrog. PMID- 3258604 TI - In vitro IgM rheumatoid-factor production induced by tetanus toxoid. AB - In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes from healthy donors with well-defined polyclonal B cell activators may elicit the production of rheumatoid factor (RF) as well as other autoantibodies. Antigen stimulation may also result in polyclonal B cell activation, but it is not known if RF production is a feature of this response. Therefore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 36 healthy volunteers previously immunized to tetanus toxoid (TT) were stimulated in vitro for 9 days with a conventional antigen, TT, or pokeweed mitogen, a standard polyclonal B cell activator. Culture supernatants were analyzed for total IgG, total IgM, and IgM RF by ELISA. TT-induced IgM RF production was observed in 10/36 experiments compared to 18/36 experiments in which cells were cultured with pokeweed mitogen, with a similar magnitude of response to these respective stimulants. The in vitro IgM-RF response to TT did not require a recent in vivo TT booster immunization and was observed at an antigen does that elicits polyclonal B cell activation but not IgG specific anti-TT antibody. TT-induced IgM RF responder cultures demonstrated higher levels of total IgG and total IgM production than cultures not secreting IgM RF in response to TT. These results indicate that IgM RF production is a concomitant of the polyclonal B cell response elicited by a conventional antigen. Unlike other model systems, this antigen-induced RF response was not mediated by the action of IgG antibody containing immune complexes. PMID- 3258605 TI - Risk factors for blood loss from adenomatous polyps of the large bowel: a colonoscopic evaluation with histopathological correlation. AB - In 27 patients with 74 colonic polyps we prospectively evaluated polyp-related risk factors and specific histopathological characteristics that might result in blood loss from these lesions. Each polyp was endoscopically bathed in saline which was then aspirated back into a syringe through a catheter and tested for presence of blood on a Hemoccult II slide. Forty-nine polyps were excised. We found the following: 1) A relatively small proportion of adenomas (approximately 11%) have a propensity to bleed. 2) Approximately 22% of polyp-bearing patients have a bleeding adenoma. 3) Risk factors for bleeding include polyp size greater than 1.0 cm, presence of a stalk, and cherry-red color; associated histopathological findings include marked vascular congestion and intramucosal lakes of blood. 4) Clinically detectable bleeding occurs after intramucosal hemorrhage in the polyp head and dissection of blood into the bowel lumen through the glandular or surface epithelium. Most polyps are small, sessile and pink, without histopathological features of hemorrhage and are unlikely to bleed. Therefore, patients with Hemoccult-positive stools in whom such neoplasms are found should undergo further study to detect other causes of gastrointestinal blood loss. High-risk polyps in otherwise asymptomatic patients can be held responsible for bleeding; in them colonoscopic polypectomy with follow-up Hemoccult testing is sufficient management. Only if bleeding persists is study of other parts of the gut essential. PMID- 3258606 TI - An esophagobronchial fistula after endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. Development and successful nonsurgical management. AB - Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices may lead to serious complications. We report a case of esophagobronchial fistula complicating sclerotherapy that resolved with nonsurgical management. PMID- 3258607 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in acute mesenteric thrombosis. AB - We report an unusual case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to superior mesenteric vein thrombosis and review the literature to assess the frequency of upper GI bleeding in patients with superior mesenteric vascular disease. Clinical features and laboratory and radiological findings are nonspecific; endoscopy and abdominal angiograms are helpful to rule out the common causes of GI bleeding and to suspect the diagnoses of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. Without early surgical intervention, mortality is close to 100%. PMID- 3258608 TI - Localization of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNAs in rat parafollicular cells by hybridocytochemistry. AB - By use of appropriate fragments of CT DNA or a CGRP DNA and SP6 polymerase system, we produced anti-sense RNA probes labeled with biotinylated 11-UTP. The labeling and specificity of the RNA probes were confirmed using dot-blot hybridization. By use of hybridocytochemistry, CT mRNA and CGRP mRNA were localized in all parafollicular cells in control and dihydrotachysterin-pre treated rats. We concluded that all parafollicular cells simultaneously produce both CT mRNA and CGRP mRNA, either under control conditions or after stimulation by dihydrotachysterin-induced hypercalcemia. PMID- 3258609 TI - Binding of staphylococcal enterotoxin A to accessory cells is a requirement for its ability to activate human T cells. AB - Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activates human T cells at extremely low concentrations corresponding to 1 to 5 molecules/T cell. SEA, in contrast to other polyclonal activators, is absolutely dependent on accessory cells to interact with and activate T cells. Only cells that can bind SEA can act as accessory cells. Monocytes, B cells, and B lymphomas have these properties. Cells of the EBV-transformed B lymphoma Raji are particularly efficient as accessory cells. T cells do not bind soluble SEA. Probably the SEA molecule has to be attached to the accessory cell to become mitogenic. It is presently not known whether the T cell recognizes a molecular complex between the SEA molecule and the putative receptor moiety on the accessory cell or the SEA molecule itself modified by its binding to the accessory cell. PMID- 3258610 TI - Phorbol myristate acetate inhibits increases in membrane fluidity induced by anti IgM in B cells. AB - Anti-IgM or anti-IgD stimulates B cells to induce increases in inositol phospholipid metabolism and intracellular free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i). Anti-IgM also causes increases in membrane fluidity that occur more promptly than those in [Ca2+]i in resting B cells as well as BAL17 B lymphoma cells. However, other B cell activators such as LPS or PMA did not induce the membrane fluidity changes. Furthermore, sodium fluoride, which is considered to be an activator of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein, caused increases in membrane fluidity as well as increased [Ca2+]i or inositol phospholipid metabolism. Anti-IgM- or sodium fluoride-induced increases in membrane fluidity were inhibited by 20-min pretreatment of cells with PMA, but not by 24-h pretreatment. These results indicate that membrane fluidity changes are closely associated with increased [Ca2+]i after cross-linkage of membrane Ig and are regulated by protein kinase C in B cells. PMID- 3258611 TI - Two roles for Ia in antigen-specific T cell activation. II. Toward a Velcro model of antigen recognition. AB - It has been previously reported that Ia Ag on APC seems to be involved in Ag specific T cell activation in at least two different ways: one is to associate with foreign Ag to form a neoantigenic determinant (the Ag-specific Ia function), and the second is to interact with T cells in a non-Ag-specific manner. Both Ia functions are required for T cell activation. In the present study we examined whether the T cell structures responsible for the non-Ag-specific Ia interaction were separable from the Ag-specific alpha/beta TCR. Purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD)-specific murine hybridoma T cells and polyclonal lymph node T cells were stimulated for IL-2 production by APC pulsed with PPD, glutaraldehyde fixed, and anti-Ia antibody treated, to provide the antigenic PPD/Ia determinant, in the presence of glutaraldehyde-fixed non-Ag-pulsed APC, to provide the non-Ag specific Ia interactions. However, in several different approaches the T cell structures or activation signals responsible for the Ag-specific recognition and non-Ag-specific Ia interactions seemed to be associated with each other in this experimental system. First, the Ag-specific and non-Ag-specific Ia interactions with T cells were both required simultaneously to initiate T cell activation, and it was not possible to activate T cells by providing either Ia signal subsequent to the other. Second, the T cell structures responsible for the non-Ag-specific Ia interactions appeared to be clonally distributed in PPD-specific lymph node T cells. Third, another T cell hybridoma specific for bovine insulin also showed dual Ia interactions, but the specificity of the non-Ag-specific Ia function was different than that for the PPD-specific T cell response. Fourth, all subclones of PPD-specific T hybridomas that had lost Ag-specific responsiveness also lost functional non-Ag-specific Ia interactions. Taken together, these observations suggest that a single species of TCR may mediate both the Ag-specific and non-Ag specific Ia interactions. In addition, the non-Ag-specific Ia interaction with T cells augmented the Ag-specific Ia interaction for T cell activation, indicating that both types of interactions may be involved in some T cell responses. Based on these observations, a Velcromodel depicting the synergy between the two Ia functions is proposed in which a matrix of interactions consisting of higher affinity Ag binding and lower affinity Ia-TCR associations provides cooperative sets of signals necessary for cellular activation. PMID- 3258612 TI - Surrogate receptor-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. A method for "custom designing" killer cells of desired target specificity. AB - Palmitate-derivatized antibody molecules can function as surrogate receptors when incorporated into the plasma membranes of nylon wool non-adherent spleen cells. Surrogate receptor molecules are attached to the membranes by insertion of the palmitate hydrocarbon chains into the phospholipid bilayer. This mode of attachment precludes interactions between surrogate receptors and intracellular and intramembranous structures. Despite these limitations, surrogate receptors consisting of either palmitate-derivatized intact antibody molecules or their corresponding F(ab')2 fragments specific for Ag on syngeneic B lymphocytes or hapten-modified EL-4 lymphoma cells can direct cell-mediated cytotoxic activity against the appropriate target. Treatment of the surrogate receptor-decorated effector cell populations with anti-asialo GM1 plus C eliminated the observed target cell lysis, suggesting a role for NK cells in this cytolytic process. The efficiency of this surrogate receptor-mediated cellular cytotoxicity parallels that of natural receptor-mediated target cell lysis and is not limited by inherent resistance of a target cell to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Application of this technology to study the requirements for productive lytic interactions between effector and target cells may provide valuable insights into the mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, these results provide the rationale for future studies designed to evaluate the ability of surrogate receptors to focus cytotoxic cell activity onto a specified target in situ, in an attempted elimination of diseased cells. PMID- 3258614 TI - Corticosteroid induction of Ig+Ia- B cells in vitro is mediated via interaction with the glucocorticoid cytoplasmic receptor. AB - Flow microfluorometry was used to examine the effect of dexamethasone on the expression of surface Ia (sIa) on resting and activated murine B cells. Although dexamethasone resulted in a 50% reduction in sIa expression 12 h after injection, it was significantly less suppressive when injected together with B cell activators. In vitro dexamethasone, but not other related steroid hormones, induced a population of cells that were sIg+sIa-. A 20% reduction in the expression of sIa was noted by 4 h of culture with 10 nM dexamethasone, but maximal inhibition of 70% was not reached until 12 h of culture, and this degree of suppression persisted as long as dexamethasone remained in culture. When the dexamethasone was washed out after 8 h of culture, the maximal reduction was still noted at 12 h, but by 24 h there was re-expression of sIa toward base line levels, indicating it did not induce irreversible lethal alterations in the B cell. The inhibition of sIa expression correlated with a specific reduction in the quantity of messenger RNA for sIa as measured by Northern blot analysis, indicating that this is mediated at least in part by suppression of the steady state levels of Ia mRNA. The corticosteroid receptor antagonist RU486 was able to reverse the suppressive effects of dexamethasone on sIa expression, thus demonstrating that its effect is mediated specifically by binding to its intracellular receptor. Furthermore, when protein synthesis was inhibited during the short period of time that cells were preincubated with dexamethasone, minimal suppression of Ia expression was noted, suggesting that the dexamethasone may be stimulating a protein that has suppressive effects on MHC class II expression. The suppressive effects of dexamethasone in vitro were substantially reduced when B cells were simultaneously activated by stimuli that increase the expression of sIa. These data indicate that the suppressive effects of corticosteroids on immune response Ag are corticosteroid specific; are greater in resting than in activated B cells; are induced via the classical steroid mechanism of action, which is receptor mediated; and may result from the induction of an inhibitory protein that suppresses Ia mRNA. PMID- 3258613 TI - Antigen-specific T cells that form IgE-potentiating factor, IgG-potentiating factor, and antigen-specific glycosylation-enhancing factor on antigenic stimulation. AB - BDF1 mice were immunized with alum-absorbed OVA and T cell hybridomas were constructed from their splenic T cells. Many of the hybridomas constitutively produced glycosylation enhancing factor (GEF), which could switch the T cell hybridoma 23A4 cells from the formation of IgE-suppressive factors to the formation of IgE-potentiating factors. When one of the hybridoma clones, 12H5, was incubated with OVA-pulsed syngeneic or semi-syngeneic (H-2b) macrophages, the hybridoma produced GEF that have affinity for OVA, but not for either keyhole limpet hemocyanin or BSA. However, the same hybridoma constitutively produced nonspecific GEF, that lacked affinity for OVA. Upon incubation with OVA-pulsed macrophages, the same hybridoma produced both IgE-potentiating factors and IgG potentiating factors which selectively enhance the IgE response and IgG response, respectively. Both Ag-specific GEF and nonspecific GEF from the hybridoma bind to p-aminobenzamidine-agarose, and are recovered by elution with benzamidine. It was also found that both OVA-specific GEF and nonspecific GEF from the hybridoma induced the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids of mouse fibrosarcoma cell line, HSDM1C1 cells. GEF formed by the 12H5 hybridoma bound to alloantibodies reactive to the product(s) of the I-Ab subregion of major histocompatibility complex. The Ag-specific GEF consisted of two Mr species, of 70 to 90 kDa and 50 to 60 kDa, whereas nonspecific GEF consisted of 50 to 60 kDa and 25 to 30 kDa molecules. Reduction and alkylation treatment of the OVA specific GEF resulted in the formation of nonspecific GEF, suggesting that Ag specific GEF is composed of Ag-binding polypeptide chain and nonspecific GEF. PMID- 3258615 TI - Role of L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ donor cells in graft-versus-host immune deficiency induced across a class I, class II, or whole H-2 difference. AB - The i.v. injection of parental T cells into F1 hybrid mice can result in a graft vs-host (GVH)-induced immune deficiency that is Ag nonspecific and of long duration. The effect of the GVH reaction (GVHR) on the host's immune system depends on the class of F1 MHC Ag recognized by the donor cells. To determine the role of different subsets of donor-derived T cells in the induction of GVHR, donor spleen cells were negatively selected by anti-T cell mAb and C, and the cells were injected into F1 mice that differed from the donor by both class I and II MHC Ag or by class I or class II MHC only. The induction of GVHR across class I + II differences was found to require both L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ parental cells. Induction of GVHR across a class II difference required only L3T4+ parental T cells in the combination tested [B6-into-(B6 x bm12)F1]. In contrast, B6 Lyt-2+ cells were sufficient to induce GVHR across a class I difference in (B6 x bm1)F1 recipients. In addition, a direct correlation was observed between the cell types required for GVH induction and the parental T cell phenotypes detected in the spleens of the GVH mice. The number of parental cells detected in the unirradiated F1 hosts was dependent upon the H-2 differences involved in the GVHR. Induction of a class I + class II GVHR resulted in abrogation of both TNP self and allogeneic CTL responses. In contrast, induction of a class II GVHR resulted in only a selective loss of TNP-self but not of allogeneic CTL function. Unexpectedly, the induction of a class I GVHR also resulted in the selective loss of the TNP-self CTL response. Thus, these class I and class II examples of GVH both result in the selective abrogation of L3T4+ Th cell function. The data are discussed in terms of respective roles of killer cells and/or suppressor cells in the induction of host immune deficiency by a GVHR, and of the selective deficiency in host Th cell function induced by different classes of GVHR. PMID- 3258616 TI - Simultaneous production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lymphotoxin by normal T cells after induction with IL-2 and anti-T3. AB - Normal human T cells purified from the peripheral blood and cultured for 6 days in the presence of OKT3 and IL-2 were shown to produce simultaneously TNF and lymphotoxin (LT) mRNA. Both biologically active TNF and LT were detected in supernatants of the cultured T cells using WEHI 164 as target cells. The cytotoxic activities of both cytokines could be inhibited with specific antibodies against TNF or LT. The T cell cultures were free of macrophages, NK cells, or B lymphocytes as assessed by flow cytometric analysis. PMID- 3258617 TI - Regulation of colony-stimulating factor 1-dependent macrophage precursor proliferation by type beta transforming growth factor. AB - Transforming growth factor (TGF) type beta, a potent growth modulator, has recently been shown to inhibit the proliferation and function of several types of immune cells. This report investigates the effect of human platelet purified TGF beta on CSF-1-induced proliferation in liquid cultures. We used two cell types to study TGF-beta effects, bone marrow precursors and a c-myc partially transformed CSF-1-dependent macrophage cell line designated BMM-8. We found that CSF-1 dependent proliferation of both cell types was strongly inhibited by TGF-beta in a dose-dependent manner. Approximately 1.6 and 8 pM TGF-beta inhibited 50% of CSF 1 proliferation of the bone marrow precursors and BMM-8, respectively. Inhibition appeared to be reversible, as bone marrow and BMM-8 cells proliferated in response to CSF-1 after preincubation of the cells in TGF-beta. Interestingly, inhibition of hematopoietic cells was observed only after a lag period of 24 to 48 h after onset of cultures. TGF-beta inhibition was partially diminished when increasing amounts of CSF-1 were added to the cultures. TGF-beta inhibition did not involve secondary inhibitory factors such as IFN or PG, both of which have been previously shown to suppress CSF responsiveness. Finally, flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle indicated that within 48 h, TGF-beta-treated BMM-8 cells were prevented from entering S phase. These results suggest that TGF-beta may play an important role in the negative regulation of macrophage production. PMID- 3258618 TI - Differential proliferative effects of transforming growth factor-beta on human hematopoietic progenitor cells. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) regulates cell growth and differentiation in numerous cell systems, including several hematopoietic lineages. We used in vitro cultures of highly enriched hematopoietic progenitor cells stimulated by natural and recombinant growth factors to investigate the biologic effects of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 on erythroid (CFU-E and burst forming unit (BFU)-E), granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and multilineage (i.e., granulocyte, erythroid, macrophage, and megakaryocyte; CFU-GEMM) colony-forming cells. In the absence of exogenous CSF, neither TGF beta 1 nor TGF beta 2 supported progenitor cell growth. In the presence of recombinant or natural CSF, picomolar concentrations of TGF beta 1 inhibited growth of CFU-E, BFU-E, and CFU GEMM and enhanced growth of day 7 CFU-GM. Inhibition of CFU-E and BFU-E by human and porcine TGF beta 1 was similar, ranging from 17 to 73% over a concentration range of 0.05 to 1.0 ng/ml, and was largely independent of the type of burst promoting activity used (rIL-3 vs cell line 5637-conditioned medium). Inhibition of CFU-GEMM ranged from 79 to 98% over a concentration range of 0.25 to 1.0 ng/ml. The inhibitory effect of TGF beta 1 was progressively lost when its addition was delayed for 40 to 120 h, suggesting a mode of action during early cell divisions. In contrast, growth of CFU-GM stimulated by plateau concentrations of human rG-CSF, rGM-CSF, and rIL-3 was enhanced up to 154 +/- 22% by human TGF beta 1. Porcine platelet-derived TGF beta 2 was essentially without effect on the progenitor populations examined. These results support the hypothesis that TGF beta may play role in the regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation by differentially affecting individual lineages and is apparently capable of doing so in the relative absence of marrow accessory cells. PMID- 3258619 TI - Phosphorylation of a 15- to 17-kDa protein correlated with lytic function in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - CTL are activated to lyse their targets through the interaction of the CTL-R and the appropriate Ag on the surface of the target cell. Experiments with tumor promoting phorbol esters have suggested that the activation and translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) to the CTL membrane may be important in the activation process. We have studied the functional role of PKC in lytic signal transduction by correlating the phosphorylation of a set of CTL membrane proteins bound by the lectin Con A with lytic function in CTL clones. The data obtained indicate that the phosphorylation of a 15- to 17-kDa polypeptide in this subset is associated with the translocation of PKC to the membrane and the stimulation of lytic function. This suggests that the 15- to 17-kDa protein may be a physiologically relevant substrate for PKC translocated to the membrane as a result of Ag specific perturbation of the CTL-R. PMID- 3258620 TI - Suppression of IL-2 production by cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active visceral leishmaniasis in Sicily. AB - The ability of PBMC from eight patients with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani) to produce IL-2 in response to PHA in vitro was investigated. PBMC from the patients produced significantly lower levels of IL-2 and had reduced proliferative response to PHA at the time of disease diagnosis compared with healthy controls. Their ability to produce IL-1 in response to LPS was, however, unaltered. The patients also showed normal levels of OKT4+ and IL 2R+ cells in the peripheral blood, as judged by specific immunofluorescence staining. All patients were given antimony therapy, and five were cured. The recovered patients showed significant improvement in the IL-2 producing capacity of their PBMC. The PBMC preparations of patients and controls were cryopreserved before and after successful chemotherapy on the patients. The frozen cell preparations were thawed and viable autologous cells cocultured with equal numbers of PBMC from patients before and after chemotherapy. The frozen cells from five healthy controls showed little or no difference whether they were cultured together or separately. In contrast, coculturing of cells from the five recovered patients with autologous pretreatment cells produced significantly and consistently lower levels of IL-2 compared with those produced when the cells were cultured separately. These results therefore demonstrate that the PBMC from patients with visceral leishmaniasis contain a population of cells that are capable of suppressing the IL-2 production by autologous PBMC from recovered patients. The method of cryopreservation should be useful for studying the immune regulation in this and other clinical diseases in vitro. PMID- 3258621 TI - Specific enhancement of the therapeutic effect of anti-idiotype antibodies on a murine B cell lymphoma by IL-2. AB - We have previously reported on the augmentation of monoclonal anti-Id antibodies by IL-2 in the therapy of a murine B cell lymphoma. The mechanism of this augmentation was through the expansion by IL-2 of effector cells mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In this paper we explore the power of IL-2 to enhance anti-Id therapy on larger tumor burdens and at sites distant from the site of injection. The combination treatment was able to induce regression of established 1-cm s.c. tumors associated with microscopic metastatic tumor in lungs, liver, and spleen. Further studies into the mechanism of activity showed that IL-2 was unable to augment in vivo or in vitro tumor lysis by F(ab')2 fragments, thus emphasizing the importance of Fc interactions with antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity effector cells. FcR-bearing NK cells were increased in the peritoneum of IL-2-treated mice. The augmented therapeutic effect by the combination treatment was specific for tumor cells expressing the target Id, and non-specific cytotoxicity on Id-negative variants was not seen. PMID- 3258622 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cells in rats. IV. Developmental relationships among large agranular lymphocytes, large granular lymphocytes, and lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - The developmental relationships among large agranular lymphocytes (LAL) large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and the activation of these cells into lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells by rIL-2 was investigated. Highly enriched populations of LAL were isolated from Fischer 344 spleen cells by a combination of nylon-wool filtration (to remove B cells and macrophages), treatment with a pan T cell antibody plus complement (to remove T cells) and incubation in L leucine methyl ester (to remove LGL). The resultant cells were highly enriched in morphologically identifiable LAL which expressed asialo GM1 and partially expressed the OX8 surface marker. The enriched LAL did not contain detectable NK cytotoxic activity, did not express pan T cell (OX19), Ia, Ig, or laminin surface markers and contained less than 0.2% LGL. Incubation of LAL in a low dose of rIL 2 (100 U/ml) induced the generation of LGL having NK activity within 24 h of culture. Longer culture periods (48 h) resulted in a continued increase in the percentage of LGL and higher levels of NK activity. However, with this low dose of rIL-2, little or no LAK activity (i.e., reactivity against NK-resistant target cells) was generated. With a high dose of rIL-2 (500 U/ml), LAL responded by first generating LGL with NK activity (within 24 h), with subsequent generation of LAK activity by 48 h. Evidence that the development of granular lymphocytes from LAL was responsible first for NK activity and then LAK activity was demonstrated by depletion of the generated granular NK or LAK effector cells by second treatments with L-leucine methyl ester. Concomitant with the induction of LGL with NK or LAK activity, rIL-2 also caused LGL to proliferate and expand four to five-fold in 48 h. This occurred in the presence of high or low dose rIL-2. These results indicate that LAL are the precursors of LGL/NK cells, that LAL, LGL/NK cells and LAK cells appear to represent sequential developmental or activation stages and that LAL may comprise major source of LAK progenitors in lymphoid populations having few LGL or mature active NK cells. PMID- 3258623 TI - Characterization of a plasminogen activator inhibitor induced by glucocorticoids in immature bovine Sertoli cell-enriched cultures. AB - Plasminogen activation has been shown to be inhibited by the cell-specific production of a number of protease inhibitors belonging to the serine protease inhibitor family. In the bovine testis this inhibitor production is induced by glucocorticoids. Monospecific antibodies raised against the three known classes of plasminogen activator inhibitor were used to identify which type of inhibitor was secreted by bovine Sertoli cell-enriched cultures. Immunoblot analysis and [35S]methionine labelling of newly synthesized proteins revealed that a novel protein with an apparent molecular weight of 49 kDa, which shares antigenic determinants with placental and macrophage PAI and fibroblast protease nexin, is secreted in response to dexamethasone stimulation. This protein was shown by immunoadsorption to be a functionally active inhibitor of both tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators. PMID- 3258624 TI - Oligoclonal T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - We have investigated the T cell populations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Individual T cells from the CSF and blood were cloned before expansion and their clonotypes were defined by analysis of rearranged T cell receptor beta chain and gamma chain genes. 87 T cell clones from blood and CSF of two patients with chronic progressive MS were examined for common TCR gene rearrangement patterns. In one patient, 18 of 28 CSF derived T cell clones demonstrated common TCR gene rearrangements indicating oligoclonal T cell populations; in the blood, two patterns were found twice among 26 T cell clones. In another patient, 5 of 27 CSF-derived clones had common TCR gene rearrangement patterns. In contrast, no common beta chain rearrangement pattern was found among 67 T cell clones derived from the blood or CSF of a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, among 20 clones from the CSF of a patient with herpes zoster meningoencephalitis, or among 66 clones from a normal subject. A subject with atypical, fatal MS of 8-mo duration was also studied and did not have oligoclonal T cells in the CSF or blood. These results demonstrate that distinct oligoclonal T cell populations can be found in the CSF immune compartment of subjects with nonmalignant inflammatory disease and they can create a new avenue for the investigation of the specificity of the T cell response within the central nervous system. PMID- 3258625 TI - A novel, NH2-terminal sequence-characterized human monokine possessing neutrophil chemotactic, skin-reactive, and granulocytosis-promoting activity. AB - A factor able to induce an early local inflammation in rabbit skin was detected in the supernatant of mitogen-stimulated human blood leukocytes. The factor was different from IL-1 which, although present in the supernatants, was chemically separable from the factor and induced a late rather than an early skin response. Other biological effects of the principal factor were its in vitro chemotactic effects on granulocytes and its ability to induce rapid granulocytosis upon intravenous injection in rabbits. When tested under the same conditions, IL-1 beta did not act chemotactically and induced granulocytosis at a later time. The factor was purified to homogeneity and identified by electrophoretic mobility as a protein of Mr 6,500. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed the presence of an uncontaminated NH2-terminal sequence identical to a segment of the sequence previously predicted from the cDNA clone (3-10C) copied from an mRNA isolated from human leukocytes and coding for a protein of unknown function. The NH2 terminal sequence of the factor also showed extensive homology to that of the platelet factors beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF-4). Studies done to identify the cell source of the factor revealed that it was produced by adherent mononuclear cells but not by platelets, while the opposite was true for beta TG. PMID- 3258627 TI - Suppression of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mouse brain by piroheptine and trihexyphenidyl. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces a parkinsonian state in monkeys and humans and a marked 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) depletion in mouse striatum. In this study, we found that pretreatment with 3 (10,11,-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[a,d]-cycloheptan-5-ylidene)-1-ethyl- 2- methylpyrrolidine (piroheptine), an anticholinergic drug which also inhibits dopamine uptake completely prevented loss of striatal dopamine in MPTP-treated mice. Trihexyphenidyl partially protected against the neurotoxicity of MPTP. However, clomipramine, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor, did not prevent the loss of striatal dopamine. Piroheptine is another agent which was found to prevent MPTP neurotoxicity. PMID- 3258626 TI - Efficient isolation and propagation of human immunodeficiency virus on recombinant colony-stimulating factor 1-treated monocytes. AB - Monocytes were maintained in tissue culture for greater than 3 mo in media supplemented with rCSF-1. These cultures provided susceptible target cells for isolation and propagation of virus from PBMC of HIV-infected patients. HIV isolated into monocytes readily infected other rCSF-1-treated monocytes but only inefficiently infected PHA-stimulated lymphoblasts. Similarly, laboratory HIV strains passaged in T cell lines or virus isolated from patients' leukocytes into PHA-stimulated lymphoblasts inefficiently infected rCSF-1-treated monocytes. Persistent, low-level virion production was detected in macrophage culture fluids by reverse transcriptase activity or HIV antigen capture through 6-7 wk. Marked changes in cell morphology with cell death, syncytia, and giant cell formation were observed in monocyte cultures 2 wk after infection, but at 4-6 wk, all cells appeared morphologically normal. However, the frequency of infected cells in these cultures at 6 wk was 60-90% as quantified by in situ hybridization with HIV RNA probes or by immunofluorescence with AIDS patients' sera. Ultrastructural analysis by EM also showed a high frequency of infected cells; virtually all HIV budded into and accumulated within cytoplasmic vacuoles and virus particles were only infrequently associated with the plasma membrane. Retention of virus within macrophages and the macrophage tropism of HIV variants may explain mechanisms of both virus persistence and dissemination during disease. PMID- 3258628 TI - Modulation of experimental allergic neuritis in rats by in vivo treatment with monoclonal anti T cell antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) to different T lymphocyte cell surface antigens have been used to treat rats during different phases of the development of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). The effects of this treatment were followed by clinical evaluation and in some instances by immunohistochemical analysis of lymphoid organs and affected nerves of the antibody-treated rats. Several MCA, W3/13 (pan T cell reactive), W3/25 (anti-rat CD4), Ox 8 (anti-rat CD8) as well as Ox 6 (anti-Ia) partly prevented clinical signs of EAN when given shortly before expected onset of disease, whereas W3/13 and Ox 8 given at the height of disease did not further affect disease development. However, Ox 19 (anti-rat CD5) given at the same time as immunization partly prevented clinical signs of EAN, while Ox 19 given shortly before expected onset of disease or during height of disease drastically exaggerated disease symptoms. Immunohistochemical studies after Ox 8 or Ox 19 treatment showed a complete absence of staining for the respective antibodies, while staining was preserved with the other MCA. It is concluded that: (1) Ox 8 positive "suppressor/cytotoxic" T lymphocytes do not exert any suppressive effects on EAN during the now investigated phases of disease, and that (2) anti T lymphocyte antibodies (here Ox 19) may exert opposite effects on autoimmune disease when given at different phases of disease development. This may have implications for potential therapeutic trials of MCA therapy for putative autoimmune demyelinating diseases in man. PMID- 3258629 TI - Cisplatin, fluorouracil, and high-dose leucovorin for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. AB - We added high-dose oral leucovorin to the combination of cisplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU) to assess the efficacy of this regimen in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer. Cisplatin, 100 mg/m2, was followed by a 5-FU continuous infusion at 600 mg/m2/d for five days. Leucovorin, 50 mg/m2, was administered at the start of cisplatin and every six hours throughout the duration of the 5-FU infusion. The dose of 5-FU was escalated to 800 mg/m2 and 1,000 mg/m2 according to observed toxicity. In a second phase of the study, the dose of leucovorin was escalated to 50 mg/m2 every four hours. A total of 25 patients were registered: 23 had recurrent disease after extensive prior treatment; and two had newly diagnosed metastatic disease. The maximally tolerated dose of 5-FU was 800 mg/m2/d with leucovorin administered every six hours. Toxicities at that level included mild to moderate myelosuppression and dose-limiting mucositis in the previously irradiated field. Identical toxicities were observed when administering 800 mg/m2/d of 5-FU with leucovorin every four hours. Eighteen patients were evaluated for response: one had a pathologic complete response; nine had a partial response (including four who received prior cisplatin and 5-FU as induction chemotherapy); and eight patients failed to respond. The mean peak and trough plasma leucovorin concentrations were 2.61 (+/- 1.07) mumol/L and 2.46 (+/- 0.95) mumol/L with administration of the drug every six hours, and 2.75 (+/- 2.15) mumol/L and 2.52 (+/- 1.48) mumol/L with administration every four hours. We conclude that the combination of cisplatin, 5 FU, and leucovorin has activity in the treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer. The maximally tolerated dose of 5-FU in this study was 800 mg/m2/d, with mucositis in previously irradiated sites being dose-limiting. Plasma leucovorin concentrations exceeding 1 mumol/L are achieved following oral administration of this drug. PMID- 3258630 TI - Preradiation high-dose intravenous methotrexate with leucovorin rescue for untreated primary childhood brain tumors. AB - Although high-dose intravenous (IV) methotrexate (MTX) with leucovorin rescue (HDMTX) is effective for certain recurrent primary brain tumors, concern for inducing leukoencephalopathy has restrained its use as adjuvant therapy following therapeutic brain irradiation (RT). We have conducted a phase I to II clinical trial using four biweekly courses of HDMTX (8 g/m2) in a neoadjuvant setting in ten patients with newly diagnosed high-risk pediatric primary brain tumors. Four patients experienced an objective response after two to four courses of HDMTX alone (medulloblastoma, one; pineoblastoma, one; malignant cerebral astrocytoma, two). All ten patients subsequently received a course of therapeutic RT, and in seven cases, adjuvant chemotherapy with other agents. One patient acquired an acute transient encephalopathy before RT that completely resolved, and another developed a seizure disorder following RT associated with white matter abnormalities on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Five patients have survived a minimum of 33+ months, and four remain in continuous remission. The acute and delayed neurotoxicity of neoadjuvant HDMTX is acceptable, and we favor further use of this neoadjuvant approach in the context of a phase III trial. PMID- 3258631 TI - Influence of dose and duration of infusion of interleukin-2 on toxicity and immunomodulation. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dose and duration of infusion of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) on toxicity and immunomodulation. In a phase I/II study, IL-2 was administered intravenously (IV) daily for five consecutive days every other week for 4 weeks of treatment to 23 patients with progressive melanoma, renal, colon, or ovarian cancer by one of four regimens: groups I and II received 3 X 10(5) U/m2/d by two-hour or 24-hour infusion, respectively; groups III and IV received 3 X 10(6) U/m2/d by two-hour or 24-hour infusion, respectively. In a subsequent study, six patients (group V) received a single priming cycle of daily IL-2 for five days at 3 X 10(6) U/m2/d in divided 15-minute infusions every eight hours, before undergoing leukapheresis for lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell generation. Toxicity was mild with 3 X 10(5) U/m2/d, but severe chills and fever, moderate hypotension (not requiring IV pressors), and weight gain were observed with 3 X 10(6) U/m2/d. Toxicity was also related to the duration of infusion. In group IV (continuous infusion), fluid retention, weight gain, and azotemia were more frequent and severe than in groups III or V, in which the same total dose was administered by two-hour infusion or in three divided 15-minute infusions. IL-2 induced rebound lymphocytosis, which was directly dose-related and significantly higher in group IV (continuous infusion) than in groups III or V. Dramatic increases in the percentage and absolute number of cells expressing the IL-2 receptor were also most pronounced in group IV. With the higher dose of IL-2, LAK cells appeared in the circulation, and natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity was augmented. The results showed that the toxicity and immunomodulation by IL-2 are dose-dependent and are maximal by continuous infusion compared with two-hour or divided every eight hours infusions. PMID- 3258632 TI - Efficacy of intrathecal immunotoxin therapy in an animal model of leptomeningeal neoplasia. AB - Immunotoxins comprise a new class of cell-type specific cytotoxic reagents which consist of a monoclonal antibody linked to a protein toxin. This report examines the efficacy of intrathecal immunotoxin therapy for the treatment of tumors of the cerebrospinal fluid compartment. A syngeneic animal model of leptomeningeal neoplasia was developed in which percutaneous inoculation of L2C tumor cells into the cisterna magna of Strain 2 guinea pigs produced disseminated leptomeningeal and intraventricular leukemia and death. Percutaneous intracisternal injection of 2 micrograms of an anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody (M6)-intact ricin immunotoxin 24 hours following intracisternal inoculation of 10(5) L2C cells (10,000 times the lethal dose) produced prolonged survival (p less than 0.005) of tumor-bearing animals. The immunotoxin therapy caused no detectable toxicity. Intracisternal injection of either M6 monoclonal antibody alone or a nonspecific control immunotoxin had no therapeutic effect. The observed extension of survival times in immunotoxin-treated animals corresponds to a median 2- to 3-log (99% to 99.9%) and, in some animals, possibly a 5-log (99.999%) or greater kill of tumor cells. These results support a possible role for immunotoxins in the clinical treatment of central nervous system neoplastic disease involving compartments (intrathecal, intraventricular, or cystic tumor). PMID- 3258633 TI - Transforming growth factors in urine from patients with primary brain tumors. AB - Urine specimens obtained from 19 patients with primary brain tumors were examined for the activity of transforming growth factors (TGF's). Urine was assayed for TGF's by soft agar colony formation and iodine-125 (125I)-epidermal growth factor (EGF)-binding competition. Two nontransformed cell lines, clonal NRK49F and BALB/3T3 A31-1-1 cells, were used as indicator cells for the soft agar colony assay, while EGF receptor-rich A431 cells were used for 125I-EGF-binding competition assay. Urine samples were dialyzed against acetic acid, then lyophilized, prepared with gel-permeation chromatography, and assayed. All 19 patients and a control group of healthy individuals showed high levels of alpha type TGF's with low molecular weight (4 to 8 kD) in all urine samples. In addition, alpha-type TGF's of high molecular weight (20 to 50 kD) were detected at high levels in urine from all 10 patients with high-grade astrocytoma; at intermediate levels in urine from one of two patients with low-grade astrocytoma and from two of four patients with meningioma; and at low levels in urine from one of two patients with low-grade astrocytoma, from two of four patients with meningioma, from one patient with oligodendroglioma, from two patients with neurinoma, and from all healthy control individuals. The high level of alpha-type TGF's with high molecular weight detected in urine from patients with high-grade astrocytoma could be useful as a tumor marker. PMID- 3258634 TI - The effect of direct-current field on recovery from experimental spinal cord injury. AB - Recent work has indicated that direct-current (DC) fields may promote recovery after acute spinal cord injury. In the present experiments, the therapeutic value of an applied DC field was studied in 40 rats with clip compression injuries of the cord at C7-T1. The rats were randomly allocated to one of four groups including 10 rats each: two groups received a 17-gm cord injury and two groups a 53-gm injury. One group at each injury severity received implantation of a treatment (14 microA) DC stimulator and the other group a control (0 microA) stimulator. Clinical neurological function was assessed weekly by the inclined plane technique. At 8 weeks after injury, motor and somatosensory evoked potentials (MEP's and SSEP's) were recorded, and the axonal tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was introduced into the cord at T-6. The total number of HRP labeled cells was counted in every sixth coronal section through the brain stem and motor cortex. All outcome parameters were assessed blindly. In the 17-gm group, there were no significant differences in any outcome measure between control and treated rats. In contrast, in the 53-gm group, the inclined-plane scores, the amplitude of the MEP's, and the number of labeled cells in the red nucleus, raphe nuclei, and vestibular nuclei were greater in treated than in control rats. These data strongly indicate that an applied DC field can produce functional neurological and anatomical improvement in rats with acute spinal cord injuries. PMID- 3258635 TI - Depression in medical patients. PMID- 3258636 TI - The mineral and mechanical properties of bone in chronic experimental diabetes. AB - The long-term effects of experimentally induced diabetes on bone were studied in eight male Lewis rats, intravenously (i.v.) injected with 65 mg/kg of streptozocin (STZ) and maintained for 12 months. Eight untreated age-matched rats served as controls. In the STZ-treated rats, experimentally induced diabetes was documented by the presence of hyperglycemia at 24 h and at 3 and 12 months. Significantly less weight was gained and less growth occurred in the STZ-treated rats despite careful attention to feeding and hydration. Mineral alterations were detected in the bones of the animals with experimental diabetes. Decreased hydroxyapatite crystal perfection, decreased Ca/P of the ash, and decreased ash content in the tibial metaphyses with increased ash content in the tibial diaphyses, was noted relative to controls. Bone osteocalcin content was increased in the metaphyses of the STZ-treated rats. While absolute measures of stiffness, torsional strength and energy absorption were decreased in the bones of the STZ treated animals, when torsional strength and stiffness were normalized for differences in both growth and geometry, the normalized stiffness values for the diabetic bones were increased. The results suggest that in experimental diabetes certain aspects of bone mineralization are adversely affected and lead to reduced strength-related properties. However, a compensatory increase in stiffness occurs. The reason for this increase, although not known, may be related to changes in bone crystal structure. PMID- 3258637 TI - Mouse spleen cell responses to trichomonal antigens in experimental Trichomonas vaginalis infection. AB - Subcutaneous inoculation of live T. vaginalis into mice caused splenomegaly, particularly when using strains of parasites with low pathogenicity. The proliferative responses of spleen cells from uninfected mice, as measured by [3H] TdR uptake, showed that trichomonal antigens, whether from strains with high or low pathogenicity, have no mitogenic activity. Spleen cells from mice infected with trichomonads of low pathogenicity showed a proliferative response to trichomonal antigens that was maximal after 4 days incubation. The proliferative response of spleen cells from mice infected with trichomonads of high pathogenicity continued for at least 6 days in the presence of the antigen. Moreover, in the latter case there was a significantly greater uptake of [3H] TdR when cells were incubated with antigens of a highly pathogenic strain. These results support the view that although many antigens are common to strains with differing levels of pathogenicity, some antigens are more closely associated with strains that are more highly pathogenic. The strong proliferative response to these antigens may then be related to the clinical presentation of infection with these strains. PMID- 3258638 TI - Mixed phenotype lymphomas of B10.H-2a-H-4bp/Wts mice: characterization of component cell populations. AB - Three murine lymphomas of H-2a origin were investigated. Each of these lymphomas was derived in B10.H-2aH-4bp/Wts (2a4b) mice after a hyperimmunization protocol involving sheep red blood cells. Analysis of cell suspensions derived from the splenic tumors revealed a mixed lymphoid phenotype of the total cell population. Both the T-cell and B-cell populations remained after multiple passages of the tumors in syngeneic mice. A multiparameter approach combining immunologic and molecular genetic techniques was taken to determine the malignant cell population within these lymphomas. This analysis included depletion experiments utilizing histocompatible (B10.A X 21M)F1 mice to distinguish normal host-derived cells from the malignant tumor cells, fluorescence-activated cell sorting of the two cell populations followed by in vivo growth of the sorted cells, in vitro and in vivo cloning attempts, and molecular analysis of genomic DNA derived from the splenic tumors for clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain and T cell receptor loci. Each of the three lymphomas was shown to be a malignant B cell tumor that has an associated nonneoplastic T-cell component. The nature and functional significance of the numerous T-cells present in the B-cell lymphomas remain unknown and are being investigated. PMID- 3258639 TI - Heat cleavage of bacteriophage T4 gene 23 product produces two peptides previously identified as head proteins. AB - During studies on the intracellular protein pools of bacteriophage T4, we found that amber mutants in gene 23 blocked the synthesis of a 20-kilodalton (kDa) protein. Radiolabeled amino acid pulses showed that the protein appears at 8 min postinfection with kinetics similar to those of other major late species. Pulse chase experiments demonstrated that the 20-kDa protein behaves like a primary product and also revealed a 29-kDa protein which, like other proteins cleaved during head assembly, appeared only after a long chase. Both species have been identified as constituents of the T4 head and have resisted previous efforts to identify their genetic origin. The dependence of the 20- and 29-kDa head proteins on the presence of gene 23 protein (gp23) and the observation that the sum of their masses equalled that of mature cleaved gp23 suggested that these two proteins were derived from this major capsid species. Evidence is presented demonstrating that heating samples before electrophoresis causes peptide bond cleavages in gp23, leading to the formation of the two peptides. As predicted by the results of Rittenhouse and Marcus (Anal. Biochem. 138:442-448, 1984), the cleavage occurs at Asp-336-Pro-337 and at two other Asp-Pro sites. Limited heat induced proteolysis followed by two-dimensional gel analysis provided a peptide map of gp23 useful in the characterization of its assembly-related cleavages. PMID- 3258640 TI - Genetic control and fine specificity of the immune response to a synthetic peptide of influenza virus hemagglutinin. AB - The immune response to a synthetic peptide, H3 HA1(305-328), representing the C' terminal 24 amino acid residues of the HA1 chain of the hemagglutinin of the H3 subtype of influenza virus is controlled by genes in the I region of the major histocompatibility complex. Mice of the H-2d haplotype are high responders and produce antibody for several months after a single injection of peptide without carrier. Mice of the H-2b, H-2k, and H-2q haplotypes are low antibody responders. Investigation of recombinant and congenic mouse strains revealed that high responsiveness requires the genes that encode the I-Ed molecule. Immunoassays, involving direct binding to analogs of this peptide and inhibition by both these analogs and synthetic epitopes, were used to analyze the specificity of the polyclonal response. In BALB/c mice, the primary antibody response is directed principally against the antigenic site 314-LKLAT-318, whereas the secondary response after a boost is predominantly directed to a distinct site, 320 MRNVPEKQT-328. The T-cell response to the peptide H3 HA1(305-328), as measured by antigen-induced proliferation of primed T cells in vitro, is also I-Ed restricted in high-responder H-2d mice and is directed against an antigenic site that does not require the four C-terminal residues unique to the H3 influenza subtype. A different epitope appears to be recognized by T cells from CBA (H-2k) mice, which proliferate to a moderate extent on exposure to the peptide but, nevertheless, do not provide help for an antibody response. PMID- 3258641 TI - Clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in antibody- and B-cell-deprived mice. AB - The role of antibody in immune recovery from infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) strain WE was evaluated in B-cell-depleted mice. Mice were treated from birth with either affinity-purified rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin M (IgM), normal rabbit immunoglobulin, or, alternatively, an affinity-purified monoclonal rat anti-mouse IgM antibody (LO-MM-9); untreated mice served as controls. B-cell depletion was considered complete in specifically treated mice according to the following criteria: absence of a significant response to the B-cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide, absence of B cells expressing immunoglobulin on their surfaces, absence of detectable IgM or IgG in serum, and presence in the serum of free anti-IgM antibodies. In organs of mu-suppressed BALB/c mice, LCMV-WE replicated, dependent upon organ, at the same rate or more rapidly and, in general, to higher titers than in normal rabbit immunoglobulin treated mice; untreated mice eliminated the virus most rapidly and showed lower virus titers. In addition, LCMV-primed control mice cleared a second LCMV challenge very rapidly and contained no virus by day 3, whereas mu-suppressed mice had virus in their blood and organs (except the spleen) up to days 3 to 6. The observed effects of anti-mu treatment may reflect the action of neutralizing antibodies (which so far have been difficult to demonstrate in vivo) or other antibody-dependent antiviral mechanisms which, together with T cells, efficiently control LCMV clearance. PMID- 3258642 TI - Alteration of physicians' orders by nonphysicians. AB - We prospectively evaluated the accuracy with which clerical and laboratory staff carried out physicians' written orders for thyroid function testing in 181 patients at two institutions. In 54% of the patients studied, support staff were found to have added or deleted one or more tests from the original written orders. When the ordering physicians were asked to identify the clinical indications for the tests they had ordered, 37% of their orders either lacked an appropriate test or included an unnecessary test request. In contrast, after clerical and laboratory staff had changed orders, only 25% of patients had inappropriate tests performed or necessary tests omitted. Clerical staff using computer-based ordering menus significantly improved the appropriateness of physicians' orders compared with clerks who lacked such guidance. Laboratory technologists who used informal, knowledge-based rules also tended to improve the appropriateness of physicians' orders. We conclude that a substantial proportion of physicians' orders for diagnostic tests may be modified during the test requisitioning process. The use of testing regimens by ward clerks and laboratory technologists may explain their ability to improve on physicians' orders. PMID- 3258643 TI - [The influence of radiotherapy on T lymphocyte subpopulations analyzed by monoclonal antibodies]. AB - The effect of therapeutic irradiation upon the lymphocyte subpopulation has been investigated in patients with cervical uterine cancer. The influence of radiotherapy was studied on lymphocyte subpopulations analyzed by monoclonal antibodies such as anti-Leu 2a, anti-Leu 3a, anti-Leu 4, anti-Leu 12, and anti Leu 11a by a FACS analyzer, and by the PHA (phytohemagglutinin) response in 29 patients with cervical uterine cancer. The absolute counts of the various lymphocyte subpopulations were seen to remarkably decrease during radiation therapy, however, their percentages remained unchanged. As for 17 patients with cervical uterine cancer who each received a radical operation, the Th/Ts (T helper T/suppressor) ratio was seen to slightly decrease during radiation therapy. In contrast, in the remaining 12 patients with cervical uterine cancer who each received radiotherapy alone, the Th/Ts ratio was found to be higher than the former cases. This suggests that this phenomenon might be caused by the presence or absence of a tumor. PMID- 3258644 TI - Gonadotropin induction of a regulatory mechanism of steroidogenesis in fetal Leydig cell cultures. AB - Studies were conducted to define further the development of the gonadotropin induced, E2 mediated steroidogenic lesion (17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-desmolase) in fetal Leydig cell cultures. Analysis of dispersed fetal testes purified by centrifugal elutriation demonstrated a group of cells with sedimentation velocity 12 less than to less than 16.8 mm/h.g containing a small population of adult like "transitional" Leydig cells and homogeneous "fetal" Leydig cell population collected at greater than 19.3 mm/h.g. After cells were cultured for 3 days with addition of 1 microgram oLH at 3 day intervals, the transitional cells showed testosterone accumulation comparable to the fetal cells. In contrast, transitional cells had 10-fold higher basal and hCG-stimulated aromatase activity than fetal cells, and a lack of testosterone response to acute (3 h) hCG stimulation. At day 6, transitional cells steroidogenic ability declined markedly. The fetal population maintained in culture with LH additions every 3 days, showed typical immature Leydig cell response, with enhancement of acute testosterone response to hCG at 3 day (1-fold) and at 6 day of culture (5-fold). Higher doses of LH (5 micrograms/day) or daily treatment of 1 microgram to fetal cultures, induced a lesion of 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-desmolase with reduction of enzymatic activities (P less than 0.01) and impaired testosterone production (P less than 0.01) in response to acute hCG stimulation. Also aromatase was stimulated by hCG + 140% and 50% and E2 receptors were increased by 100 and 180% at 3 days and 6 days of cultures with daily or high dose LH addition, findings consistent with the observation of the E2-mediated lesion during LH action. In conclusion, the cultured fetal Leydig cell provides a useful model to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in the development of gonadotropin-induced estradiol-mediated desensitization. Treatment of fetal Leydig cell cultures with multiple or frequent doses of LH elevate aromatase activity to necessary levels for the induction of desensitization. We have isolated small population of transitional Leydig cells with morphological characteristics of cells found in 15 day post-natal testis but functional capabilities of adult cells. We have also demonstrated the emergence of a functional adult-like population from the fetal Leydig cell. PMID- 3258645 TI - Urinary excretion of aldosterone metabolite Kelly-M1 in patients with adrenal dysfunction. AB - Using tetrahydroaldosterone antibody a radioimmunoassay was developed to measure substance Kelly-M1 (K-M1) in human urine. The normal values were lower than observed by Kelly et al. who discovered the catabolite after giving large doses of exogenous aldosterone. While in essential hypertension the excretion of K-M1 was predominantly within the normal range, elevated values were found in most cases of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, both the simple virilizing and salt losing form, primary aldosteronism, renal hypertension and cystinosis. Our findings suggest that K-M1 may be formed from 21-deoxyaldosterone and/or by microbial intervention from aldosterone or its metabolites. PMID- 3258646 TI - Phorbol esters potentiate glucocorticoid-induced cytotoxicity in CEM-C7 human T leukemia cell line. AB - Phorbol ester tumor promoter, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), is synergistic with dexamethasone to cause growth inhibition of CEM-C7 human T leukemia cell line. A specific saturable binding component which may mediate the phorbol ester effects has been identified by using [20-(3)H]phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate in a whole cell binding assay. Saturation of the specific binding occurs at a concentration (approx. 100 nM) consistent with causing maximal cytotoxicity. Scatchard analysis of the binding after 15 min at 37 degrees C demonstrates a single class of binding sites. The number is 194,000 sites per cell. Other phorbol esters are also cytotoxic to CEM-C7 cell in the presence of 30 nM dexamethasone in an approximate proportion to their activity in competing for [20-(3)H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding. Phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate, 4-O methyl PMA, 4-beta-phorbol do not compete for specific binding. The synergism of phorbol esters and dexamethasone on CEM-C7 cells is reversible by 1-(5 isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine(H-7). However, by treating CEM-C7 cells with TPA for 48 h there is not any increase in the affinity or levels of glucocorticoid receptor. It is tentatively concluded that phorbol esters may play an important role linked to the glucocorticoid-induced growth inhibition in CEM C7 human T-leukemic cell. PMID- 3258647 TI - Loss of penicillinase plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus after treatment with L ascorbic acid. AB - When 2 clinical strains of plasmid-mediated penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were treated with 1 mM sodium ascorbate for 6 h, 12-35% colony-forming units (CFU) irreversibly lost their ability to produce beta-lactamase. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed the disappearance of the plasmid bands from the lysates of colonies in which susceptibility to penicillin was induced by ascorbate treatment. Since ascorbic acid is a compound that is completely non toxic, the possibility of its therapeutic use in the treatment of multiresistant bacterial diseases is proposed. PMID- 3258648 TI - Myosin heads and assembly of muscle thick filaments. PMID- 3258649 TI - The binding site for C1q on IgG. AB - In humoral defence, pathogens are cleared by antibodies acting as adaptor molecules: they bind to antigen and trigger clearance mechanisms such as phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement lysis. The first step in the complement cascade is the binding of C1q to the antibody. There are six heads on C1q, connected by collagen-like stems to a central stalk, and the isolated heads bind to the Fc portion of antibody rather weakly, with an affinity of 100 microM (ref. 3). Binding of antibody to multiple epitopes on an antigenic surface, aggregates the antibody and this facilitates the binding of several C1q heads, leading to an enhanced affinity of about 10 nM (ref. 1). Within the Fc portion of the antibody, C1q binds to the CH2 domain. The interaction is sensitive to ionic strength, and appears to be highly conserved throughout evolution as C1q reacts with IgG from different species (for example see ref. 8). By systematically altering surface residues in the mouse IgG2b isotype, we have localized the binding site for C1q to three side chains, Glu 318, Lys 320 and Lys 322. These residues are relatively conserved in other antibody isotypes, and a peptide mimic of this sequence is able to inhibit complement lysis. We propose that this sequence motif forms a common core in the interactions of IgG and C1q. PMID- 3258650 TI - T cells can distinguish between allogeneic major histocompatibility complex products on different cell types. AB - In the response of T cells to foreign antigens, the ligand for the T cell alpha/beta receptor is presented on a cell surface as a fragment of antigen complexed to one of the membrane molecules encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The receptor apparently interacts via its variable elements (V beta, D beta, J beta, V alpha and J alpha) with residues within both the antigen and MHC portion of the ligand. The frequency of T cells responding to a conventional antigen plus self MHC is usually quite low, presumably reflecting the relative rarity of receptors with the particular combination of variable elements to match the antigen/MHC ligand. T cells also respond to allogeneic forms of MHC molecules in the absence of added antigen. In this case the frequency of responding T cells is very high. One hypothesis to explain this observation is that, in the absence of foreign antigen, MHC molecules are complexed to a large array of peptides derived from self-proteins. In this case the combination of the polymorphic MHC amino acid residues and many different self peptides presents so many possible ligands that the likelihood of recognition by a given T cell receptor is quite high. The recent crystallography experiments which revealed a dramatic binding cleft on the face of a human MHC molecule have given impetus to this view, but as yet there is no direct supporting evidence. We have recently described a close association between murine T cell receptors utilizing the V beta 17a element and reactivity to various allogeneic forms of the murine MHC molecule, I-E (ref. 8). In this paper, we show that this I-E ligand is detected on B cells, but not on I-E+ macrophages or fibroblasts expressing a transfected I-E gene. These results strongly suggest a B cell specific product combines with I-E to form the allogeneic ligand for V beta 17a+ receptors and thus support the concept of alloreactivity described above. PMID- 3258651 TI - A hypothetical model of the foreign antigen binding site of class II histocompatibility molecules. AB - Class II and class I histocompatibility molecules allow T cells to recognize 'processed' polypeptide antigens. The two polypeptide chains of class II molecules, alpha and beta, are each composed of two domains (for review see ref. 6); the N-terminal domains of each, alpha 1 and beta 1, are highly polymorphic and appear responsible for binding peptides at what appears to be a single site and for being recognized by MHC-restricted antigen-specific T cells. Recently, the three-dimensional structure of the foreign antigen binding site of a class I histocompatibility antigen has been described. Because a crystal structure of a class II molecule is not available, we have sought evidence in class II molecules for the structural features observed in the class I binding site by comparing the patterns of conserved and polymorphic residues of twenty-six class I and fifty four class II amino acid sequences. The hypothetical class II foreign-antigen binding site we present is consistent with mutation experiments and provides a structural framework for proposing peptide binding models to help understand recent peptide binding data. PMID- 3258652 TI - Excitatory postsynaptic currents in response to different synaptic inputs of frog spinal motoneurons. AB - Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by the primary afferents (dorsal root; DR) and the descending lateral column (LC) fibers were studied in frog spinal motoneurons under voltage clamp with two separate electrodes. The average rise time and half-width of the EPSCs were shorter for LC-EPSCs than for DR EPSCs, though the values of the parameters for LC- and DR-EPSCs were distributed within a similar range. The relation between the amplitudes of the EPSP and EPSC was almost linear. The amount of current required to generate a 1 mV increment in the EPSP was 5.0 +/- 2.3 nA for the DR-EPSC and 3.8 +/- 1.2 nA for the LC-EPSC. The decay time was shortened by hyperpolarization and prolonged by depolarization in DR- and LC-EPSCs and spontaneous EPSCs. The reversal potential ranged from -30 to -5 mV and was almost identical for DR- and LC-EPSCs and spontaneous EPSCs in individual motoneurons. The current-voltage relation was linear from -100 to +50 mV for these EPSCs. Spontaneous EPSCs became more prominent and frequent during a large hyperpolarization or a large depolarization. These results suggest that the ionic mechanisms underlying EPSC are similar for the functionally different excitatory synapses located on motoneurons. PMID- 3258653 TI - Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Nonoperative treatment. AB - Various nonoperative treatments are discussed. In the authors' clinics, the Milwaukee brace is used occasionally for the patient with a thoracic scoliosis in whom the electrical stimulator could not be used, or when the parents wish to try another form of nonoperative therapy when the stimulator has failed. The Milwaukee brace is still the treatment of choice for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. PMID- 3258654 TI - Traumatic injuries of the temporal bone. AB - The most common serious consequences of trauma to the temporal bone are hearing loss and facial nerve paralysis. In order to prevent these sequelae, radiologic evaluation is often necessary. CT offers specific information about the extent of injury, including the presence of bony fragments that need removal in order to free the facial nerve. PMID- 3258655 TI - Cerebellopontine angle tumors. AB - Acoustic neuromas account for approximately 80 to 90 per cent of cerebellopontine angle tumors. Useful imaging studies include (1) high-resolution CT of the internal auditory canals using extended scale and "bone algorithm" techniques, (2) infusion study of the cerebellopontine cisterns, (3) gaseous or opaque CT cisternography, and (4) MRI. PMID- 3258656 TI - Central auditory and vestibular pathology. AB - MR is the radiologic examination of choice when a patient's symptoms indicate the presence of some retrolabyrinthine pathology. CT dynamic studies now permit both heart and brain assessment for poor blood circulation problems of the hindbrain. PMID- 3258657 TI - Pharmacologic management of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 3258658 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine efficacy in the United States. PMID- 3258659 TI - Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine. AB - The efficacy of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polyribose phosphate vaccine was evaluated in a population of 120,000 children from 23 through 71 months of age in the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (KPMCP) in Northern California over the 2-year period from June 1, 1985, through May 31, 1987. Approximately 37% of the population were vaccinated by the end of the first year and 60% were vaccinated by the end of the second year. There were 35 cases of Hib disease, 4 of whom were vaccine failures. Cases of Hib disease were identified by multiple modality case ascertainment, consisting of: (1) active surveillance in KPMCP microbiology laboratories; (2) active surveillance on KPMCP pediatric wards by a study physician; (3) retrospective review of computer-stored hospital discharge diagnoses; and (4) a review of all hospitalizations outside the health plan. The medical records of cases, matched controls and a random sample of the population were reviewed to obtain information on vaccination and related variables. Efficacy was evaluated using two complementary methods. In a retrospective surveillance approach, efficacy was estimated to be 68% (95% confidence limits of 4, 89%). In a matched case-control analysis, efficacy was estimated to be 69% (95% confidence limits of -13, 91%). Adjustment for day care attendance and parental occupation slightly reduced the efficacy estimate. Other possible confounders including race, parental education and number of siblings were considered. Four cases of Hib disease were observed within 1 week following receipt of vaccine and before the time when immunity could have developed. There are several plausible explanations for the occurrence of these early cases including the possibility of chance alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258660 TI - Vaccination of 18-month-old children with conjugated polyribosyl ribitol phosphate stimulates production of functional antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Eighteen-month-old children were immunized with polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) of Haemophilus influenzae type b or with PRP that had been conjugated to diphtheria toxoid. Conjugated vaccine stimulated significant mean increases in antibody titer as measured by radioimmunoassay and bactericidal effect, as well as a modest increase in opsonizing activity. In contrast unconjugated vaccine caused lesser albeit significant rises in antibody titer, but a negligible antibacterial effect. These results suggest that vaccinating infants with conjugated PRP is more likely to stimulate production of antibodies that are protective against systemic infection caused by H. influenzae type b than vaccinating with unconjugated PRP. PMID- 3258661 TI - Ludwig's angina caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 3258662 TI - A tissue-specific DNase I-hypersensitive site in a class II A alpha gene is under trans-regulatory control. AB - Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules are integral membrane glycoproteins whose distribution is limited to certain tissues. To identify the molecular basis for such specificity, the chromatin configuration of the class II A alpha gene was examined in intact nuclei from various cell types. We show that there are three DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the A alpha gene. One of these sites, located near the promoter region, is specific to cells that normally express class II molecules at some stage of differentiation. Furthermore, this tissue-specific site appears to be under trans-regulatory control. PMID- 3258663 TI - Homozygous and heterozygous deletions of the von Willebrand factor gene in patients and carriers of severe von Willebrand disease. AB - Severe von Willebrand disease is characterized by undetectable or trace quantities of von Willebrand factor in plasma and tissue stores. We have studied the genomic DNA of 10 affected individuals from six families with this disorder using probes from the 5' and 3' ends of the vWF cDNA and with a probe extending from the 5' end into the central region. Southern blots of restriction endonuclease digests and gene dosage analysis measurements carried out with quantitative slot blots of undigested genomic DNA separated these patients into three groups. The first group consisted of a family with complete homozygous deletions of the vWF gene in the four probands. Gene dosage analysis was consistent with heterozygous deletions in both of the asymptomatic parents and four asymptomatic siblings of this kindred (P less than 0.01). The second group was comprised of a family in which there was a complete heterozygous deletion of the vWF gene in the proband and one asymptomatic parent, suggesting that a different type of genetic abnormality was inherited from the other parent. Thus, the patient appeared to be doubly heterozygous for interacting genetic abnormalities affecting vWF expression. In the third group, no gene deletions could be detected. Alloantibodies developed only in the kindred with homozygous deletions. These techniques should prove useful in identifying carriers of severe von Willebrand disease and also in defining patients predictably at risk of developing alloantibodies to vWF. PMID- 3258665 TI - Changes in cerebral perfusion after acute head injury. PMID- 3258667 TI - [B cell growth and differentiation and expression of B cell surface antigens]. PMID- 3258666 TI - Nurses & broken heart catheters: products liability. PMID- 3258664 TI - Endothelium-derived relaxing factor reduces platelet adhesion to bovine endothelial cells. AB - The adhesion of thrombin-stimulated human blood platelets to either the endothelial surface of intact bovine aorta or cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells was studied to determine the role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the regulation of platelet adhesion. Endothelial cells and platelets were pretreated with indomethacin to prevent the formation of prostaglandins. The adhesion of thrombin-stimulated platelets to endothelial cells was reduced by superoxide dismutase and bradykinin. The inhibitory effect of both drugs was abolished by hemoglobin and was absent in strips of bovine aorta where the endothelial cells had been removed by scraping. It is suggested that the effects of bradykinin are mediated by the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, which is protected from destruction by superoxide dismutase, and that endothelium derived relaxing factor contributes to the nonadhesive properties of the vascular endothelium. PMID- 3258668 TI - Dyslexia subtypes: genetics, behavior, and brain imaging. AB - This study was designed to identify inherited subtypes of specific dyslexia and to characterize these types by a variety of studies. A previous linkage study in large three-generation families resulted in a LOD score of 3.24 at a 13% recombination frequency between dyslexia and normal variations for the short arm of chromosome 15. The odds for linkage with chromosome 15 markers are better than 1,000 to 1. We estimate that 30% of an extended series of families show linkage to chromosome 15 polymorphisms. Other linkages remain to be identified. PET scanning is being used to examine measures of regional cerebral glucose metabolism during two types of reading by (adult) dyslexics and normal readers. MRI is also being used to examine pertinent brain structures. Behavioral tests are also in progress. The long-term goals of this study are to develop specific genetic and other diagnostic techniques that can be used to test children before beginning school and to develop sufficient understanding of the abnormal brain function of each subtype so that specific and effective remedial programs can be developed. PMID- 3258669 TI - [Gastric lavage]. PMID- 3258670 TI - [Solid tumors which induce autoimmune conditions]. PMID- 3258671 TI - Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure of the subcutaneous tissue in controls and patients before and after open-heart surgery: a comparison between the wick technique and the blister suction technique. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the blister suction technique and the wick technique for measuring interstitial colloid osmotic pressure of subcutaneous tissue (COPif). Eight healthy volunteers and 14 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass using extracorporal circulation (ECC) were included in the investigation. Colloid osmotic pressure was measured in fluid collected either from blisters (COPbl) developed by application of subatmospheric pressure to the chest skin, or from nylon wicks (COPw) implanted subcutaneously on the chest in the same area as the blisters were formed. Colloid osmotic pressure was then recorded on a colloid osmometer made for 5 microliter samples. In the patients, the measurements were performed 12-18 h pre-operatively (mean 15 h) and, on average, 4 h (range 1.5-7 h) following termination of extracorporal circulation. In the control subjects as well as in the patients, COPbl was significantly lower than COPw. However, the two types of measurements were found to change in the same direction, as a highly significant positive correlation exists between the two methods. PMID- 3258672 TI - Determination of alpha-amylase activity--why isn't the saccharogenic method appreciated? PMID- 3258673 TI - Radionuclide bone/joint imaging in children with rheumatic complaints. AB - We reviewed the medical records and technetium bone/joint scans of 160 children presenting to the inpatient Pediatric Rheumatology service over a 3-year period. When the scan result (normal versus abnormal) was considered for each patient as a whole, scan sensitivity and specificity were both approximately 75%. However, when each joint was considered individually, sensitivity decreased to 37%, while specificity rose to more than 95% when compared to clinical examination. Reasons for these variations and their clinical correlation are discussed. Overall, radionuclide bone/joint scanning was found to be very useful in the evaluation of monoarticular and nonrheumatic disorders, but it did not alter therapy in children with known connective tissue disorders or other polyarticular diseases. PMID- 3258674 TI - B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia--clinical and haematological features. AB - Prolymphocytic leukaemia is an unusual but distinctive variant of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia which generally responds poorly to chemotherapy. Four cases are described to illustrate typical clinical and haematological features and to emphasise the unsatisfactory outcome with combination chemotherapy, radiotherapy and plasma exchange in 3 patients, and to draw attention to the prolonged disease control which followed splenectomy in the fourth. These observations illustrate the relative ease with which the diagnosis can be made and also the difficulties in management, which requires exploration of alternative treatment options. PMID- 3258675 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole and treatment outcome in vaginal trichomoniasis. AB - We have identified Trichomonas vaginalis strains resistant in vitro to metronidazole, especially under aerobic conditions. Since little is known about the relationship of treatment outcome to metronidazole susceptibility of T. vaginalis, we studied the aerobic and anaerobic susceptibility to metronidazole of 310 clinical isolates of T. vaginalis. Of 199 patients with known outcomes after metronidazole treatment for vaginal trichomoniasis, the geometric mean minimal lethal concentration (MLC) under aerobic conditions for trichomonads associated with cases cured by a single 2-g dose was 24.1 micrograms/ml (n = 146), while that of treatment-resistant isolates (n = 53) was 195.5 micrograms/ml. The corresponding mean anaerobic MLC values were 1.6 and 5.05 micrograms/ml, respectively. The average aerobic:anaerobic MLC ratio was about twofold higher for the resistant isolates. Treatment resistance was more frequent at aerobic MLC values of greater than 25 micrograms/ml or anaerobic values of greater than 1.6 micrograms/ml. Although there was overlap of the metronidazole susceptibility distribution of susceptible and resistant isolates, significant resistance to treatment was common when isolates of T. vaginalis had aerobic MLC values of greater than 100 micrograms/ml or anaerobic MLC values of greater than 3.1 micrograms/ml. PMID- 3258676 TI - Urethral infection with Haemophilus ducreyi in men. AB - Carriage of Haemophilus ducreyi has not been adequately investigated in men, and its role in urethritis is unknown. In this study 456 men with H. ducreyi-culture positive genital ulcers were investigated. Among these men, 16 (3.5%) had urethritis. H. ducreyi was isolated from the urethra of nine men (1.9%). Of 57 men who had chancroid but not urethritis, none had H. ducreyi isolated from the urethra. Of 106 patients presenting with only acute urethritis, H. ducreyi was found in one. We conclude that H. ducreyi is responsible for acute urethritis in men, but that it rarely, if ever, can be cultured from the urethra of men with chancroid who do not have symptomatic urethritis. PMID- 3258677 TI - [Striking plasma coagulation disorders as a cause of unexpected hemorrhage- therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 3258678 TI - Modulation of immunocompetent cell populations by benzo[a]pyrene. AB - These studies examined the cellular targets of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced immunomodulation. The immunocompetence of murine mononuclear leukocytes was evaluated following in vivo exposure to BaP. In vitro cell separation and reconstitution techniques were used to evaluate T-dependent antibody (TDAb) production and delineate the immunomodulatory events. Reconstitution of cultures using combinations of adherent and nonadherent cell populations from BaP- and vehicle-treated mice demonstrated that both of these populations were sensitive to the immunomodulatory effects of BaP. Examination of the adherent cell population demonstrated that low numbers of BaP-exposed accessory cells enhanced in vitro TDAb responses. These responses were greater than those observed for analogous cultures containing vehicle-exposed accessory cells. Recombination of separated B cells and T cells from vehicle- or BaP-treated mice in cultures containing normal adherent cells demonstrated that both B cells and T cells were sensitive to the effects of BaP. Cultures containing BaP-exposed cell populations were incapable of supporting control level antibody responses. The results indicate that in vivo BaP exposure induces immunomodulation through effects on macrophages, B cells, and T cells. PMID- 3258680 TI - Abrogation of graft-versus-host reaction by dieldrin in mice. AB - Sublethal exposure to the organochlorine pesticide, dieldrin, decreased the T cell immune response in mice. Indeed, a transient inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR) was noted at 7 days after intraperitoneal exposure to 0.6 LD50 dieldrin. The present study was undertaken to further investigate the effects of dieldrin on the T-cell immune response, using the graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) as a model, in order to assess T-cell subset efficiency. Lymphoid cells of A/J mice injected intraperitoneally 7 days earlier with 36 mg/kg body weight dieldrin were transferred into H-2-incompatible F1 hybrids. With this model, known to induce a marked GVHR, we have observed that dieldrin inhibited the potential of parental cells to induce a GVHR in hybrid mice. This effect could not be attributed to a direct cell cytotoxicity, nor to the modulation of major T-cell subsets as shown by thymic and peripheral T-cell subpopulation analysis. Collaboration processes between these cellular subsets seem to represent a potential site for the dieldrin-induced suppression. PMID- 3258679 TI - Relationships between intracellular vitamin E, lipid peroxidation, and chemical toxicity in hepatocytes. AB - The cellular content of vitamin E was measured in isolated rat hepatocytes exposed to various types of chemical injury. Vitamin E was determined as alpha tocopherol by HPLC with in-line uv and electrochemical detection. The cytotoxicity of diquat, a redox cycling compound, was accompanied by a decrease in cellular alpha-tocopherol and a stimulation of lipid peroxidation. Both the loss of alpha-tocopherol and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products could be prevented by addition of either the antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl-p phenylenediamine (DPPD) or the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). DTT also prevented the oxidation of soluble and protein thiols and completely protected against cytotoxicity, while DPPD addition only delayed the onset of hepatocyte death. Cytotoxic doses of the naphthoquinone, menadione, and the pyridine compounds 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion did not deplete alpha-tocopherol levels, nor did they result in significant lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, a peroxidizing, but noncytotoxic dose of ADP-Fe3+ rapidly decreased cellular alpha-tocopherol levels. These data demonstrate that cellular alpha-tocopherol loss is neither a prerequisite for, nor a necessary consequence of toxicity. Moreover, a substantial depletion (ca. 50%) of alpha-tocopherol does not necessarily result in cell death. Although alpha-tocopherol protects against the oxidation of cellular lipids, the maintenance of hepatocyte alpha-tocopherol content does not prevent the oxidation of soluble and protein thiols. These other targets of oxidative damage seem to play a more critical role in hepatocyte toxicity. PMID- 3258681 TI - Side effects and immunogenicity of murine lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in subhuman primates. AB - The immediate side effects of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibody treatment of nearly 150 monkeys is documented in this study. Immediate side effects were only seen with antibodies specific for CD3 and CD8. These side effects are most likely related to stimulation of T cells to produce lymphokines (CD3) and/or to the rapid cell clearance (CD3 and CD8). No immediate effects were observed when CD4 or major histocompatibility complex class II-specific antibodies were injected. These antibodies may therefore be considered for the treatment of graft rejection or autoimmune diseases. Of the 43 animals that received a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) at least 2 years and up to 5 years prior to this study, none has shown any late effects of MoAb treatment. Most animals tested had a vigorous immune response to the injected MoAbs, both antiidiotypic as well as anti isotypic antibodies were formed. This response was reduced by using Fab2 fragments or by additional immunosuppression, but it was still high enough to prevent further effectiveness of the MoAb treatment. PMID- 3258682 TI - Rejection, after a slightly prolonged survival time, of Langerhans cell-free allogeneic cultured epidermis used for wound coverage in humans. AB - Autologous cultured epidermis (CE) grown from small skin biopsies in vitro has been successfully applied for wound grafting in humans. Since it has been reported recently that allogeneic CE might be tolerated as permanent wound cover, we investigated the properties of CE and its use as autologous and allogeneic grafts. Except for some differences, such as the absence of Langerhans cells and the lack of a stratum corneum, CE resembled its natural analogue. Autologous CE applied for grafting of leg ulcers and various surgical skin defects adhered firmly and permanently to the wound bed within 2 weeks, became regularly stratified, and formed a stratum corneum. Langerhans cells gradually entered the grafts; the dermis contained no inflammatory infiltrate. Allogeneic CE unmatched for MHC and blood group antigens used to partially cover tangentially excised third-degree burns, donor sites of split-thickness skin, and a defect after tumor excision initially survived well like the autografts. However, they were completely rejected after 10-22 (mean, 14.5) days, which is 4-5 days later than reported for split-thickness skin allografts. Clinically, rejection presented as "melting" of the graft. (Immuno)histologically, we found a dense mononuclear dermal infiltrate consisting predominantly of activated T cells, vacuolization, and single-cell necrosis of keratinocytes, as well as HLA-DR expression on keratinocytes, and finally separation and lysis of the epidermis. Limiting dilution analysis in 2 out of 4 allograft recipients revealed a considerable increase of circulating donor-specific cytotoxic T cell precursors during graft rejection. We conclude that grafting of allogeneic CE does not lead to permanent but to slightly prolonged graft survival. PMID- 3258683 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the plasma membrane of A-431 cells exposed to epidermal growth factor]. AB - The plasma membrane ultrastructural changes after the action of epidermal growth factor were studied in A-431 cells using freeze-fracture methods. The incubation with EGF (100 ng/ml, 0 degree C, 60 min) led to a decrease in density of intramembrane particles on the P surface of ventral cell membrane, while the number of coated pits increased there. The revealed effects of EGF may be related to direct consequences of EGF-receptor complex formation, because all the temperature dependent steps of its processing were blocked. The data obtained testify to an active involvement of the membrane ventral surface in the formation of cell response towards growth factors. PMID- 3258684 TI - [Intravital research on hydrophobic interactions in protein fibrils using a fluorescence polarization method]. AB - Fluorescent probe of acridine orange (AO) is known to be bound exclusively by materials of thick protofibril muscle fibres. The dependence of fluorescence anisotropy of AO in frog muscle fibres on the temperature has been studied. It has been found that the fluorophore orientation decreases with temperature, i.e. here the adsorbent cold denaturation takes place. This phenomenon was demonstrated for living, skinned and glycerinated muscle fibres. It shows that hydrophobic interactions contribute much to stabilization of the myosin structure. After contraction of glycerinated muscle fibres at the action of ATP, the AO fluorescence anisotropy grows independently of the temperature which is indicative of structural rearrangements in materials of thick protofibrils upon contraction. PMID- 3258685 TI - [Radiometric detection of nonvisualizable immunoprecipitates formed by hepatoma associated hetero-organic renal antigens of 33P-phosphorylated fractions of non histone chromatin proteins]. AB - A study was made of the antigenic properties of nuclear nonhistone proteins (NHP) from rat tissue eluted with 0.4-0.5 M NaCl gradient on phosphocellulose at very low concentrations. 33P-labeled proteins were obtained by phosphorylation of NHP fractions in the presence of [gamma-33P] ATP. Some non-visual precipitates which appeared during the reaction of specific inhibition of precipitation in agarose gel of 33P-labeled NHP-fractions from rat solid hepatoma 27 cells or rat liver after single hepatocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine injection were detected by means of a calculable radiometric method, proposed by the authors. These precipitates appear only if the rabbit immune sera against NHP-DNA complexes of intact rat kidneys exhausted with liver NHP-antigens was used, never appearing in the case of kidney NHP-antigen exhaustion. Therefore the NHP-fractions prepared from "carcinogenic" liver and rat solid hepatoma cells which possess proper phosphoprotein kinase activity and form specific immune precipitates must be identified as hetero-organic antigens of kidney origin. PMID- 3258686 TI - Hemostasis. PMID- 3258688 TI - Diphacinone toxicity, von Willebrand's Disease, and Ehrlichia canis in a dog. PMID- 3258687 TI - A study of hemophilia A in German shepherd dogs in Denmark. AB - Classical hemophilia, hemophilia A, is the most common coagulation disorder in dogs. This article presents a comprehensive study of this disease in German Shepherd dogs in Denmark. Emphasis is placed on pathophysiology, diagnosis, genetics, therapy, and prophylaxis. Furthermore, a scheme for a rational elimination of the causative gene from the population is presented. PMID- 3258689 TI - Hemophilia in a dog. PMID- 3258690 TI - Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in a dog. PMID- 3258691 TI - Posterior aortic thrombosis secondary to glomerulonephritis and acquired antithrombin III deficiency. PMID- 3258692 TI - Rodenticide intoxication complicated by sepsis. PMID- 3258693 TI - Neoplasia and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3258694 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 3258695 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with neoplasia. PMID- 3258696 TI - Hereditary canine thrombopathia. PMID- 3258697 TI - Plasma from donor dogs, pretreated with DDAVP, transfused into a German shorthair pointer with type II von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 3258698 TI - Use of DDAVP for management of surgical hemorrhage from a Doberman pinscher with von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 3258699 TI - The nomenclature of hemostasis. PMID- 3258700 TI - Chest radiography with a shaped filter at 140 kVp: its diagnostic accuracy compared with that of standard radiographs. AB - The effectiveness of a shaped filter in the detection of mediastinal and retrocardiac abnormalities on 140-kVp posteroanterior chest radiographs was measured by observer-performance testing. A set of 100 radiographs (the filtered and nonfiltered radiographs of 50 patients) were randomly selected from 1000 radiographs obtained from 500 outpatients or hospitalized patients. Five observers independently interpreted the set of radiographs, with one observer interpreting the set twice. Observer performance in detecting abnormalities in the mediastinum and the retrocardiac lung were analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic techniques. The results indicate that the use of a filter has no significant overall diagnostic advantage (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.90 for the filtered radiographs and 0.89 for the unfiltered radiographs). No significant differences were found in the analysis of the various types or locations of lesions in the mediastinum. PMID- 3258701 TI - Storage phosphor radiographs vs conventional films: interpreters' perceptions of diagnostic quality. AB - We compared storage phosphor images with high-quality conventional film-screen images by evaluating physicians' perceptions of image quality and their levels of confidence in making diagnostic interpretations. Eight physicians each examined 11 posteroanterior storage phosphor chest images (obtained with an experimental high-resolution storage phosphor system) side by side with conventional film images of the same patients. The storage phosphor images were obtained only minutes after the conventional radiographs were obtained. Storage phosphor images were digitally printed onto films in two different formats: a full-size (12 X 14 in. [30.5 X 35.6 cm]) and a half-size format of four computer-processed, minified images (6 X 7 in. [15.2 X 17.8 cm] each). Most of the responses rated the quality and resolution/sharpness of conventional images, as well as their ability to display the complete lung field, as either "excellent" or "good"; however, the storage phosphor images received significantly better ratings (p less than .05). Computer-processed minified versions of the storage phosphor images also received better ratings than did the conventional images. When the physicians were asked to rate their confidence level in making diagnoses with each of the two techniques, in 74 of 88 cases they indicated that their level of confidence would be at least as high when using the storage phosphor images as when using the conventional images. PMID- 3258702 TI - CT of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 3258703 TI - CT manifestations of peritoneal carcinomatosis. AB - Seventy-three abdominopelvic contrast-enhanced CT scans obtained in 60 patients with peritoneal tumor spread were reviewed retrospectively to determine the CT signs of peritoneal malignancy. Ascites was present in 54 studies (74%) and was the most common CT finding. Loculation of the fluid occurred in 25 (46%) of these. In nine (17%) of the 54, a new finding, absence of cul-de-sac fluid in the presence of generalized ascites, was noted. Parietal peritoneal thickening with contrast enhancement of the peritoneum, making the peritoneum visible as a thin line along the abdominal wall, was present in 45 (62%) of studies. This is believed to represent confluent peritoneal metastases. Small-bowel involvement was present in half of the cases (wall thickening and irregularity with or without obstruction). Tumor involvement of the omentum was visible as soft-tissue permeation of fat, enhancing nodules, and/or an omental cake. Of the 26 patients without a previously known malignancy, identification of the primary tumor in addition to peritoneal carcinomatosis was possible in 13 (50%). Appreciation of the spectrum of CT findings in peritoneal carcinomatosis is essential for accurate evaluation of scans in patients with abdominopelvic malignancies. PMID- 3258704 TI - Percutaneous drainage of abscesses in patients with Crohn disease. AB - Up to one-quarter of patients with Crohn disease present with abdominal abscesses at some point in their illnesses, most of which have enteric communication. The efficacy of percutaneous drainage alone vs either a combined percutaneous/surgical approach or a purely surgical approach has not been established. We reviewed the results of percutaneous drainage of nine abscesses in eight patients with Crohn disease. Six of these abscesses communicated with the intestine. Those with enteric communication had temporary palliation, with improved medical status. However, all patients required definitive surgery within 7 weeks of initial drainage. Percutaneous drainage in the three patients without enteric communication resulted in a permanent cure. Our experience with this small series suggests that abscesses that have an enteric communication in patients with Crohn disease can be temporarily palliated by percutaneous drainage. However, use of this technique is unlikely to result in long-term palliation or cure. It appears that abscesses with intestinal communication in Crohn patients can be cured by percutaneous therapy alone. PMID- 3258705 TI - Percutaneous ureterocystostomy and ureteroneocystostomy. AB - Percutaneous ureterocystostomy or ureteroneocystostomy is advocated as a simple, minimally invasive alternative to the extensive surgical procedures typically used in the repair of a severed distal ureter. A steerable sheath is introduced via a percutaneous nephrostomy and is advanced into the distal ureter. Reentry into the bladder is effected by a perforating guidewire (transseptal stylet). This technique was attempted in 21 patients. It was effective in 12 of 13 patients whose ureters had been severed during vaginal hysterectomy and in four of five patients who had dehiscence of an anastomosis of the ureter to a bladder pouch (uretero-Boari anastomosis). The procedure, however, failed in all three patients who had dehisced surgical ureteroneocystostomies. This experience suggests that percutaneous ureteroneocystostomy is a feasible alternative to surgery. An adequate residual length of the pelvic ureter and preservation of its vascular supply are the major factors predisposing to the success of this technique. PMID- 3258706 TI - Urinary diversion by using a percutaneous ureteral occlusion device. PMID- 3258707 TI - Nephrogenic adenoma presenting as a calcified mass. PMID- 3258708 TI - MR imaging of avascular necrosis of the femoral head: value of small-field-of view sagittal surface-coil images. AB - We compared coronal, large-field-of-view, body-coil MR images with sagittal, small-field-of-view, surface-coil images of 30 hips for their sensitivities in establishing the diagnosis of avascular necrosis; spatially localizing the avascular necrosis; and detecting joint-space narrowing, femoral head collapse, articular cartilage fracture, and joint fluid. We also compared the two separate plane/coil combinations for detection of the "double-line" sign (high signal inside a band of low signal, believed to be characteristic for avascular necrosis) and intertrochanteric conversion of hematopoietic marrow to fatty marrow. Coronal, large-field-of-view, body-coil images provided an adequate screening examination for the presence of avascular necrosis (sensitivity of 94%) and were preferred in all cases for mediolateral localization of focal abnormality. They were also better for assessing joint fluid and detecting fatty conversion of marrow. Sagittal, small-field-of-view, surface-coil images were preferred for anteroposterior localization in all cases and for superoinferior localization of focal abnormality in 15 of 18 cases. They detected additional cases of joint-space narrowing, articular cartilage fracture, and the double-line sign missed by coronal, body-coil images. Sagittal, small-field-of-view, surface coil images are a valuable adjunct to MR evaluation of femoral avascular necrosis because they provide additional information that may be useful for planning surgical therapy. PMID- 3258709 TI - MR imaging of soft-tissue hemangiomas: correlation with pathologic findings. AB - Soft-tissue hemangiomas have been described in MR imaging, but a histopathologic correlation to better understand the MR appearance has not been reported. Five patients with intramuscular soft-tissue hemangiomas were imaged in orthogonal planes on a 1.5-T system with spin-echo (SE) short-TR/TE sequences (600/20) and long-TR/TE sequences (2500/20-80). Complete intact surgical specimens were obtained, and gross and histopathologic findings were compared with MR findings. A striated-septated configuration with a high signal intensity on long-SE sequences (TE greater than 75 msec) correlated with endothelial-lined vascular channels separated by fibrous and/or fatty linear strands. An awareness of the morphologic MR pattern of soft-tissue hemangiomas may aid in recognition of these lesions. PMID- 3258710 TI - MR imaging of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder: comparison with CT arthrography. AB - Posttrauma damage due to anterior glenohumeral joint dislocation may result in recurrent dislocation. Currently CT arthrography is the method of choice to evaluate the extent of osseous and soft-tissue changes before reconstructive surgery. This study was undertaken to determine if MR was able to depict postdislocation abnormalities and if MR is a possible replacement for CT arthrography. Thirteen patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation were evaluated with conventional radiography and MR; CT arthrography was performed in 10. Twelve patients underwent surgery, and the findings of MR and CT arthrography were verified. MR and CT arthrography showed the integrity of the glenoid labrum equally well. All humeral head defects, detected in nine patients with plain film radiography and CT, were easily identified with MR. Information about anterior joint capsule abnormalities is difficult to obtain with MR. However, separation of the capsule from the bony glenoid can be detected if a joint effusion is present to adequately distend the joint. Preliminary results of this study indicate that MR is useful in the assessment of postdislocation abnormalities and may possibly replace CT arthrography in the evaluation of patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation. PMID- 3258711 TI - Lymphoma of the skeleton: scintigraphic evaluation. AB - We retrospectively reviewed the 99mTc-diphosphonate scans of 980 patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma to define the typical appearance and distribution of skeletal lesions. The results were compared with the presence of skeletal symptoms and the findings on 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy, when available. Forty (4%) of the 980 patients had 77 scintigrams showing osseous involvement; there was an average of 3.5 lesions per study. Compared with patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, patients with Hodgkin disease had significantly fewer axial lesions (44% vs 82%, p less than .000001, two-tailed test) and more frequent involvement of the extremities. Subtle lesions were common. Of the lesions detected by scintigraphy, significantly more were detected by 99mTc-diphosphonate imaging (95%) than were detected by 67Ga-citrate (44%) (p less than .00001, two-tailed test), and most of these were far less apparent on the 67Ga-citrate study. Skeletal pain was an insensitive but specific indicator of skeletal disease. These results show that skeletal scintigraphy in patients with lymphoma typically reveals multiple subtle and asymptomatic lesions with frequent extremity involvement. Diffusely increased calvarial activity is commonly seen and often persists in proved remission. Increased juxtaarticular activity is specific for malignant skeletal involvement. PMID- 3258712 TI - Osteoarticular brucellosis: results of bone scintigraphy in 140 patients. AB - One hundred forty patients with proved brucellosis and clinical evidence of bone and joint involvement were evaluated prospectively by 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy to assess the frequency of positive findings. To evaluate the radiographic abnormalities associated with positive scintigraphy, all areas of the skeleton that showed abnormal uptake were studied further by plain radiography. High-resolution CT was performed in all patients who had spinal lesions. Ninety-six patients (69%) had abnormal radionuclide uptake in 57 extraspinal and 101 spinal sites. Uptake was increased in 53 joints and three long bones and decreased in one joint. The knee was the most frequently involved site; the second was the sacroiliac joint. Radiographic and high-resolution CT changes were seen in only 12 (21%) of 57 extraspinal sites. In the spine, the abnormal scintigrams showed either focal increased uptake in affected vertebral bodies (detected mostly on the anterior view and seen in 51 lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in 24 patients) or diffuse increased uptake in adjacent vertebrae (detected in anterior and posterior views and seen in 50 different disk levels in 38 patients). Radiographic and high-resolution CT changes were seen at all scintigraphically positive sites. We conclude that bone scintigraphy is a useful method for screening patients with osteoarticular brucellosis. It is more sensitive than radiography in assessing involvement of the extraspinal skeleton and in the spine, it allows accurate localization of affected areas. PMID- 3258713 TI - CT imaging of the anserine bursa. PMID- 3258714 TI - Design and implementation of a picture archiving and communication system for pediatric radiology. PMID- 3258715 TI - Chronic pneumonia in a child with primary ciliary dyskinesia. PMID- 3258716 TI - Pneumorrhachis after jejunal entrapment caused by a fracture dislocation of the lumbar spine. PMID- 3258717 TI - Spontaneous resolution of mediastinal cysts. PMID- 3258718 TI - MR imaging of brain contusions: a comparative study with CT. AB - Ninety-eight brain contusions in 17 patients served as a data base for a comparative study of MR and CT for defining brain contusions. MR was the more sensitive technique, detecting 98% of the brain contusions compared with only 56% by CT. CT was slightly better for showing hemorrhagic components, documenting 77% of hemorrhages compared with 71% for MR. The appearance of the contusions on MR was variable, depending on the T1- and T2-weighting of the images and the constituents of the contusions, such as edema, hemorrhage, and encephalomalacia. On MR, hemorrhagic components appeared as high signal on T1-weighted images and as either low or high signal on T2-weighted images, depending on the age of the hemorrhage. The approximate ages of hemorrhagic contusions were often suggested by their appearance on T1- and T2-weighted images. CT is very effective for evaluating acute head trauma, but MR is recommended for documenting brain contusions during the subacute and chronic stages of head injuries. PMID- 3258719 TI - MR imaging in the management of supratentorial intracranial AVMs. AB - The MR images, CT scans, and angiograms of 15 consecutive patients with intracranial, supratentorial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were studied retrospectively. The three imaging techniques were evaluated separately to assess their utility in defining the size, characteristics, and location of the AVM nidus, its arterial supply, and venous drainage. The studies were also evaluated for their ability to show associated parenchymal abnormalities, the presence of mass effect, and changes occurring after embolization. MR was superior to both CT and angiography in showing the exact anatomic relationships of the nidus, feeding arteries, and draining veins, as well as in demonstrating the extent of AVM nidus obliteration after embolization. MR was more sensitive than CT in revealing associated parenchymal abnormalities and subacute hemorrhage. Because of flow related artifacts and low sensitivity in distinguishing calcification from rapid flow and/or hemosiderin, MR seemed to have a low sensitivity for detecting old hemorrhage within an AVM nidus. Angiography is still needed in the planning of either surgical or endovascular treatment of AVMs. PMID- 3258720 TI - High-resolution MR imaging of sequestered lumbar intervertebral disks. AB - We retrospectively reviewed the MR examinations of 20 patients with surgically documented sequestered lumbar disks (free fragments). Sixteen of 20 cases demonstrated extradural masses that were distinct from the interspace of origin and had intermediate signal on T1-weighted images but increased signal on T2 weighted images. In 12 cases there was migration of the sequestered fragment. Sequestered disks that migrated away from the interspace had an irregular, oblong appearance, while those near the interspace were round in configuration. Additionally, the interspace of origin consistently demonstrated loss of signal on T2-weighted images when compared with intact lumbar disks. Sagittal 12 weighted images best depicted the absence of a high-signal pedicle contiguous with the interspace of origin in sequestered disks. These findings were applied to a prospective group of 20 patients undergoing lumbar diskectomy. There was an 89% sensitivity, 82% specificity, and 85% accuracy for MR in distinguishing sequestered disks from other forms of lumbar disk herniation. We conclude that high-resolution MR imaging is sensitive in detecting disk disease and specific in characterizing various subtypes of extradural defects. MR uses morphology as well as changes in signal intensity to make these distinctions. PMID- 3258722 TI - MR imaging of inferior vena caval filters: safety and artifacts. PMID- 3258721 TI - Gd-DTPA in MR of spinal lesions. AB - The use of Gd-DTPA in nondegenerative spinal lesions is described. Thirty consecutive patients were examined by MR with and without Gd-DTPA. The information obtained with unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images was compared with that obtained with Gd-DTPA T1-weighted images. The results showed that, according to the criteria used, more information was present on the MR images with Gd-DTPA in 18 of 30 patients. In six of 30 patients, the improved quality of the images led to a change in the neurosurgical or neurologic approach. Gd-DTPA proved to be a safe contrast medium; no side effects or adverse reactions were observed. It is recommended that Gd-DTPA be used in nondegenerative lesions involving the spinal cord to obtain the same or more information in a shorter acquisition time. PMID- 3258723 TI - A prospective blinded trial of warm and cold lidocaine for intradermal injection. PMID- 3258724 TI - Modifications of Gianturco expandable wire stents. PMID- 3258725 TI - Fraud in radiologic research. PMID- 3258726 TI - Intrahepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis. PMID- 3258727 TI - Adverse reactions to intravascular contrast media. PMID- 3258728 TI - A more uniform film density for 3-ft film. PMID- 3258729 TI - Carmen lecture. Flow phenomena in MR imaging. PMID- 3258730 TI - Immunohistochemical staining for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT). An enhanced method in routinely processed formalin-fixed tissue sections. AB - This report describes an improved technique for sensitive and specific localization of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in routinely processed paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue sections using DNAse pretreatment and the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) technique. This method is useful in identifying lymphoblastic lymphomas (14/15 cases positive), with all other B- and T-cell lymphomas tested negative for the reaction. Used in conjunction with monoclonal antibodies immunoreactive for T- and B-cells in paraffin sections this technique should prove helpful in immunophenotyping malignant lymphomas where fresh tissue is unavailable for study. PMID- 3258731 TI - Radiological case of the month. Bronchogenic cyst infected with Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 3258732 TI - Risk factors for coronary heart disease and level of education. The Tromso Heart Study. AB - The relation between level of education, lifestyle variables, and major risk factors for coronary heart disease were analyzed in 12,368 men and women in Tromso, Norway. Subjects with the highest education tended to be less overweight, smoke less, be more physically active in leisure time, and have food habits assumed to be less atherogenic (i.e., drink less coffee, use soft margarine and low-fat milk, and eat fruits and vegetables daily) than persons with low education. In men and women, mean serum total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were negatively associated with educational level, while high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was positively associated with this variable in women only. The differences between the extreme groups of education (less than 8 and greater than 16 years of education) were as follows: 0.52 mmol/liter (20 mg/100 ml) for serum total cholesterol; 0.03 and 0.14 mmol/liter (1 and 5 mg/100 ml) in men and women, respectively, for HDL cholesterol; and 1.9 and 5.6 mmHg in men and women, respectively, for systolic blood pressure. Adjustment of the relations between level of education and serum total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure for several variables (including food habits) reduced the strength of the associations, which, however, were still statistically significant. For HDL cholesterol, a negative association was found in men when adjustments were done, and the positive association originally observed in women disappeared. PMID- 3258733 TI - Imaging of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in amblyopia by positron emission tomography. AB - We used positron emission tomography to study monocular visual activation of various brain regions in four amblyopic and two normally sighted adults. Imaging of relative cerebral blood flow using the tracer H2(15)O showed reduced activation of primary visual cortex by the amblyopic as compared with the sound eye. Imaging of relative cerebral glucose metabolism using the tracer [18F]-2 deoxyglucose showed equal activation of primary visual cortex by either eye in the control subject, but reduced activation of primary and accessory visual cortex by the amblyopic as compared with the sound eye in two amblyopic subjects. Relative glucose metabolism was consistently higher in the frontal and temporal lobes contralateral to the viewing eye, both in normal and amblyopic subjects. PMID- 3258734 TI - Flow-cytometric DNA content of histiocytosis X (Langerhans cell histiocytosis). AB - Retrospective DNA-content analysis was performed by flow cytometry on formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 36 patients with histiocytosis X (Langerhans cell histiocytosis). Included were 17 patients with solitary bone lesions, 4 patients with multiple bone lesions, 2 patients with solitary extraosseous lesions, 1 patient with congenital self-healing histiocytosis, and 12 patients with disseminated disease. The diagnosis was in each case verified by review of the clinical history and histopathologic material. None of the cases displayed significant cytologic atypia. DNA content analysis failed to reveal additional G0 G1 peaks or "shoulders" suggestive of aneuploid subpopulations in any case. Full peak coefficients of variation ranged from 3.8 to 8.0. Our data suggest that despite a prior report of a single aneuploid case of histiocytosis X, DNA content analysis may not be useful in predicting clinical stage and outcome in this disease. PMID- 3258735 TI - Alprazolam dependence in seven patients. AB - The authors report on seven patients who met the DSM-III-R criteria for psychoactive substance (alprazolam) dependence. All had withdrawal symptoms, six demonstrated tolerance, and at least four had substantial social or occupational impairment secondary to drug use. All seven patients had begun taking alprazolam as treatment for anxiety or depression. Six patients abused other drugs or alcohol, either in the past or concurrently. Doses of alprazolam ranged from 2 to 12 mg/day, and duration of use was 6 months to 3 years. The potential for dependence should be considered when prescribing alprazolam. PMID- 3258737 TI - Application of adsorptive stripping voltammetry for a study of the reaction of mouse IgG with anti-mouse IgG. PMID- 3258736 TI - Retrograde transport of [3H]-D-aspartate label by cochlear and vestibular efferent neurons. AB - [3H]-D-aspartic acid was injected into the inner ear of rats. After a six hour survival time, labeled cells were found at all locations known to contain efferent cochlear or vestibular neurons. Most labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral lateral superior olivary nucleus (LSO), although both ventral nuclei of the trapezoid body (VTB), group E, and the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (CPR) just adjacent to the ascending limb of the facial nerve also contained labeled cells. Because not all efferent neurons in the rat could be previously shown to be cholinergic, aspartate and glutamate are efferent transmitter candidates. PMID- 3258738 TI - [Contribution of nuclear magnetic resonance in the neuro-otologic diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. Screening and evaluation of its extension]. AB - Forty patients with suspected tumoral syndrome of ponto-cerebellar angle were investigated by NMR imaging. The method proved to be reliable, less invasive (lack of irritation and absence of iodized contrast) and as rapid as CT scan imaging for the diagnosis of presence and extension of an VIIIth nerve neurinoma. It also allowed avoidance of computerized gas meatography during screening for intracanal neurinomas. PMID- 3258739 TI - Receptors for epidermal growth factor and estrogen as predictors of relapse in patients with mammary carcinoma. AB - Analysis of the receptors for estradiol and epidermal growth factor was performed in tumors from 225 breast cancer patients. The tumor cell content of both receptors was independent of clinical stage and lymph node status. There was an inverse correlation between the epidermal growth factor receptor and the estradiol receptor. Either the presence of the epidermal growth factor receptor or the lack of the estradiol receptor was related to a high relapse rate. A combination of these two receptors leads to an increased prognostic predictive capacity. Patients whose tumors contain both the estradiol receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor had a relapse rate similar to those whose tumors were estradiol receptor poor, and are thus high risk patients. Patients whose tumors contain the estradiol receptor and lack the epidermal growth factor receptor belong to a good prognosis group. PMID- 3258740 TI - Estrogen-dependent release of serum proteins from MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells in vitro. AB - The human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7, propagated in a chemically defined medium, released alfa-1-antitrypsin and alfa-1-antichymotrypsin to the medium under the influence of estradiol. Furthermore, an estrogen-independent release of antigenic material crossreacting with alfa-1-lipoprotein was demonstrated. In the presence of estrogen, the mean concentration of these proteins in the medium was 38 micrograms/l, for alfa-1-antitrypsin and 5 micrograms/l for alfa-1 antichymotrypsin and 34 micrograms/l for alfa-1-lipoprotein. It is suggested that alfa-1-antitrypsin and alfa-1-antichymotrypsin might be oncogene products of possible significance for MCF-7 tumor growth in vivo, while alfa-1-lipoprotein could be essential for the ability of the MCF-7 cells to proliferate in a chemically defined medium in vitro. PMID- 3258741 TI - Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Subject attrition and testability in research. AB - There are inherent methodologic problems in investigating senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) but this study indicated that, with regard to behavioral test measurement, some of the obvious problems are partially mitigated. First, these data showed that the progressive decline seen in longitudinal SDAT studies is of the same type and magnitude seen in cross-sectional comparisons. Thus, comparing SDAT groups differing in severity provides for the same observations as following up subjects with mild SDAT over time. This study also demonstrates that with certain kinds of tests, selective subject attrition may not be any greater in longitudinal investigations than found in normal aging research. Subjects who dropped out of the longitudinal study were not that different from those who remained in, at least in terms of initial test performance on challenging tests. In this study less than 5% of the subjects with SDAT originally classified as being in the mild stage of the disease remained in this stage after 6 3/4 years of investigation. This inexorable downward path of the subject with SDAT is what appears paramount. Given the similarity of staging in longitudinal and cross sectional studies, prior test performance levels in the latter studies can be ascertained even if with less accuracy than in longitudinal studies. PMID- 3258742 TI - Delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage following filtration surgery. Case report. PMID- 3258743 TI - Activation of protein kinase C from B lymphocytes by lipid A. AB - The effect of lipid A, a residue of the lipopolysaccharide molecule, on protein kinase C from B lymphocytes has been studied. Lipid A activates and promotes the translocation of protein kinase C from the soluble to the particulate membrane fraction in a cell-free system reconstituted with purified enzyme and membranes isolated from B lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that the activating effect of lipopolysaccharide on protein kinase C from B cells is due to the lipid moieties of this molecule. PMID- 3258744 TI - Inhibition of aromatic L-aminoacid decarboxylase in clonal pheochromocytoma PC12h cells by N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). AB - N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), a reaction product of a neurotoxin, N methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), was found to inhibit aromatic L-aminoacid decarboxylase activity in rat clonal pheochromocytoma PC12h cells. The enzyme activity was enhanced to several folds by addition of a cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate, and MPP+ inhibited the enhancement of the activity by exogenously added pyridoxal phosphate. The inhibition was competitive to pyridoxal phosphate, and the Ki value of MPP+ was 26.7 +/- 0.4 microM, while the Km value of pyridoxal phosphate was 0.645 +/- 0.053 microM. The inhibition was partly irreversible. The enzyme sample was incubated with MPP+ and then dialyzed against phosphate buffer. After dialysis, the inhibited enzyme activity was only partly recovered by addition of pyridoxal phosphate, even though MPP+ was completely removed. Activity of other enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase could be recovered by dialysis. On the other hand, MPP+ did not affect the binding of the enzyme with the substrate, L-DOPA or 5-hydroxytryptophan. PMID- 3258745 TI - Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) induction of C-FOS and C-MYC expression in C3H 10T1/2 cells. AB - We have investigated the effects of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) in C3H10T1/2 cells, on S phase entry and early gene activation events associated with cell cycle progression. We find that EGF and TGF alpha, which both utilize the EGF receptor for signal generation, are able to stimulate DNA synthesis in these cells with nearly superimposable kinetics; however, the stimulation by TGF alpha was slightly greater at nearly all time points assayed. This report is the first showing that TGF alpha, like EGF, vigorously induces c-myc and c-fos gene expression in these cells. A significant stimulation of c-myc and c-fos mRNA levels is observed with both TGF alpha and EGF; c-myc mRNA levels show an 8-fold induction with both mitogens, while c-fos inductions were on the order of 12 to 14-fold at maximum. However, the induction of c-myc mRNA by TGF alpha has slower kinetics than by EGF. PMID- 3258746 TI - Antibodies to types I, II, IX, and XI collagen in the serum of patients with rheumatic diseases. AB - Antibodies to native types I, II, IX, and XI collagen were measured, using a 125I solid-phase radioimmunoassay, in serum from 104 patients with rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, Paget's disease, or osteoarthritis). In all disease groups, antibodies to type II collagen occurred with greater frequency than antibodies to type I collagen (11-35% versus 5-23%). Antibodies to type XI collagen were the most frequent: They were present in approximately 50% of the patients in the rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, and osteoporosis groups. Antibodies to type IX collagen were found at a high frequency in the rheumatoid arthritis group only (44%). Analysis of the clinical data suggested that the presence of antibodies to collagen was associated with disease that was less severe or of shorter duration. PMID- 3258747 TI - Enhanced production of interleukin-2 in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. Hyperactivity of CD4-positive T cells? AB - A significant enhancement of interleukin-2 production was observed in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral lymphocytes from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Their Leu-3a:Leu-2a ratio was also significantly higher than normal. Moreover, Leu-3a+ cells freshly purified from PSS patients' blood produced much more interleukin-2 than did cells from normal subjects. These results suggest that T cell hyperactivity, especially among Leu 3a+ T cells, occurs in patients with PSS. PMID- 3258748 TI - Regarding the ankylosing spondylitis/Klebsiella/HLA-B27 problem: more inconclusive proof! PMID- 3258749 TI - Evidence for the presence of autoantibodies to the collagen-like portion of C1q in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We investigated the connection between the C1q solid-phase binding assay (C1q SPBA) and double-stranded DNA antibodies, and analyzed the immune complex material in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera. Comparison with a new monoclonal assay for C1q-bearing immune complexes (the 242G3 assay) revealed that the immune complexes in SLE bind specifically to solid-phase C1q, and not to fluid-phase C1q. The C1q solid-phase binding activity sedimented as 7S IgG, was insensitive to DNase treatment, and could be selectively absorbed by C1q-coupled beads and by bovine serum albumin-anti-bovine serum albumin C1q beads, but not by DNA. Thus, antibodies to double-stranded DNA do not interfere in the C1q SPBA. Isolated IgG from SLE serum precipitated the collagen-like portions, and not the globular, Fc-recognizing portions, of C1q. F(ab')2 fragments of IgG from SLE patient serum were able to bind C1q. These data show that in SLE sera, especially in those with low levels of CH50 and C1q, autoantibodies that react with the collagen-like part of C1q are detectable. Since in the C1q SPBA, the C1q molecule is randomly fixed to the solid phase, we can detect not only immune complexes, but also antibodies that react with the collagen part of C1q; this may explain the high percentage of positive results for SLE sera in the C1q SPBA, in contrast to results of other immune complex assays. PMID- 3258750 TI - Augmented interleukin-1 production and HLA-DR expression in the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Possible involvement in joint destruction. AB - Potent interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity was detected in culture supernatants from synovium, obtained by arthroscopy, from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients but not from non-RA patients. Production of IL-1 by RA synovium correlated well with findings of inflammation on arthroscopy and HLA-DR expression in immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between IL-1 production from RA synovium and joint changes detected on roentgenograms. These findings strongly suggest that IL-1 might play an important role in the joint destruction in RA. PMID- 3258751 TI - Spirochetal antigens and lymphoid cell surface markers in Lyme synovitis. Comparison with rheumatoid synovium and tonsillar lymphoid tissue. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies to spirochetal antigenes and lymphoid cell surface markers, we examined the synovial lesions of 12 patients with Lyme disease, and compared them with rheumatoid synovium and tonsillar lymphoid tissue. The synovial lesions of Lyme disease patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients were similar and often consisted of the elements found in normal organized lymphoid tissue. In both diseases, T cells, predominantly of the helper/inducer subset, were distributed diffusely in subsynovial lining areas, often with nodular aggregates of tightly intermixed T and B cells. IgD-bearing B cells were scattered within the aggregates, and a few follicular dendritic cells and activated germinal center B cells were sometimes present. Outside the aggregates, many plasma cells, high endothelial venules, scattered macrophages, and a few dendritic macrophages were found. HLA-DR and DQ expression was intense throughout the lesions. In 6 of the 12 patients with Lyme arthritis, but in none of those with rheumatoid arthritis, a few spirochetes and globular antigen deposits were seen in and around blood vessels in areas of lymphocytic infiltration. Thus, in Lyme arthritis, a small number of spirochetes are probably the antigenic stimulus for chronic synovial inflammation. PMID- 3258752 TI - Interstitial pneumonitis in antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus: a new clinical manifestation and possible association with anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies. AB - The clinical manifestations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and negative fluorescent antinuclear antibody have been well documented. This report describes 2 cases of antinuclear antibody-negative SLE with antibodies only to Ro (SS-A) and the previously unreported clinical manifestation of lupus interstitial pneumonitis. A review of all SLE patients from 1984-1986 with interstitial pneumonitis revealed that 10 of the 12 patients had antibodies to Ro (SS-A). The frequency of anti-Ro (SS-A) with interstitial pneumonitis in SLE patients suggests a possible association between the two. PMID- 3258753 TI - Monarthritis revealing non-Hodgkin's T cell lymphoma of the synovium. PMID- 3258754 TI - Comment on the article by Myers et al. (HLA-D region epitopes associated with juvenile arthritis) PMID- 3258755 TI - Scientific abstracts: 52nd annual meeting, American Rheumatism Association; 23rd annual meeting, Arthritis Health Professions Associations. Houston, Texas, May 23 28, 1988. PMID- 3258756 TI - [Vaginitis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3258757 TI - Assay for quantitation of mature monocytes in murine haemopoietic tissues. AB - We propose a new assay which allows the extent of production of mature monocytes in murine haemopoietic tissues to be monitored with precision. To develop such a quantitative assay, we chose a T-cell function easily detectable in vivo, namely the ability of T lymphocytes to locally transfer a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. T cells co-transferred with antigen into footpads of syngeneic mice are mediators of DTH through their ability to recruit phagocytes recently produced in haemopoietic tissues. Therefore, if recipients of DTH-mediating T cells (DTH-T cells) are depleted of phagocytes by lethal irradiation given 36 to 48 h before local transfer of these DTH-T cells mixed with antigen, they no longer respond by a DTH reaction, measured as an increase in footpad thickness, unless they receive i.v. bone marrow cells as a source of recruitable phagocytes. In such conditions, the footpad thickness increase is linearly related to the number of cells injected i.v. Pretreatment of bone marrow cells with the rat IgG2b F4/80 monoclonal antibody abolishes their ability to restore expression of DTH, indicating that monocytes (F4/80+ cells) are the phagocytes to be measured. This assay system thus provides a means of measuring levels of recruitable mature monocytes present in haemopoietic tissues. One illustration of the assay is given by the study of the recovery of recruitable phagocytes in bone marrow following a single treatment with cyclophosphamide. PMID- 3258758 TI - Comparative study of natural autoantibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of normal individuals and patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. AB - Using a panel of antigens (actin, myosin, tubulin, albumin, transferrin, peroxidase, thyroglobulin, DNA, prolactin, TNP and myelin basic protein (MBP], we have tested the antibody activity of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from healthy individuals, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and individuals with other neurological diseases. No differences in the concentrations and specificities of the serum antibodies were observed among the 3 groups. In contrast, we found that MS patients often had elevated CSF antibody levels against many antigens of the panel. The MS patients with local immunoglobulin production in the central nervous system (CNS) had the highest antibody levels. Restricted antibody activity against a given antigen of the panel was not observed. Compared to the two other groups, the MS group had equivalent titres of anti-MBP antibodies in the CSF. These results suggest that, in MS, a general immune dysregulation exists which leads to a local expansion of B lymphocytes producing autoantibodies with reactivities similar to those of serum natural autoantibodies. PMID- 3258759 TI - Urinary epidermal growth factor concentrations in various human malignancies. AB - We determined the concentrations of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor in the urine (U-irEGF) of 97 adult patients with various malignancies, including carcinomas of the urinary bladder, kidney, stomach, colon, rectum, breast, endometrium, uterine cervix, ovary, vagina, prostate, pancreas and thyroid, liposarcoma and skin melanoma. The relative U-irEGF concentrations (ng m-1 creatinine) were higher (P = 0.002) for the whole series of female patients than for healthy controls matched for sex and age. Such difference did not appear for male patients. The only specific group with a statistically supranormal U-irEGF concentration (P = 0.0005) comprised women with endometrial carcinoma of the uterus. PMID- 3258760 TI - [Purification and partial biochemical characterization of the rabbit interleukin 1]. AB - Rabbit interleukin-1 produced by peritoneal macrophages has been purified and partly characterized. The molecular mass of the protein as determined by gel filtration and SDS-PAAG electrophoresis is about 16-17 kD. The isoelectric points of interleukin-1 are as follows: 5.00, 6.75, 7.65, 8.75. A minor peptide possessing the interleukin-1 activity whose molecular mass determined by high performance liquid chromatography gel filtration is about 1500-3000 Da has also been discovered. PMID- 3258761 TI - Suppression of interleukin-2-mediated T-lymphocyte blastogenesis by ovine uterine luminal protein. AB - Ovine uterine luminal protein (ULP) obtained from ewes on Day 14 of pregnancy suppressed blastogenesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent T-lymphocytes. Varying concentrations of ULP (4 to 96 micrograms/ml) followed by a 1:4 dilution of human IL-2 suppressed (p less than 0.001) IL-2 blastogenesis of IL-2-dependent T lymphocytes with mean percentage of control values ranging from 55.3 to 34.5% (44.7 to 65.5% suppression, respectively). For two experiments, IL-2 was added at varying times (zero to 4 h) after the addition of ULP to cultures. Suppression was independent of IL-2 addition time. Mean (+/- SEM) percentage of control values for combined time periods for 40 and 120 micrograms ULP/ml were 43.3 +/- 1.0 and 27.8 +/- 1.9%, respectively. In another experiment, additional IL-2 (1:2 vs. 1:4 dilution) reduced (p less than 0.01) the immunosuppressive effect of ULP. Sephacryl S-200 chromatography of ULP and the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) blastogenesis assay revealed significant immunosuppressive activity for Fractions I (greater than or equal to 248,000 Mr), III (70,000 Mr), and V (14,000 Mr). These fractions also suppressed (p less than 0.001) IL-2-mediated blastogenesis of T-lymphocytes. Results indicate that immunosuppression of PHA-treated lymphocytes was associated with an alteration of the IL-2 system. PMID- 3258762 TI - Autoradiographic localization of epidermal growth factor receptors to all major uterine cell types. AB - We have recently studied the structure and function of the uterine epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, its hormonal regulation, and its possible role in estrogen-induced uterine DNA synthesis. Since the uterus is composed of multiple cell types, we sought, in the work reported here, to localize EGF binding in this organ by autoradiography. Prior to the actual autoradiography, we performed a companion series of experiments to insure that EGF binding to uterine tissue in situ represented a true receptor interaction. Uteri from immature female rats were incubated in vitro with 125I-EGF at 25 degrees C. Tissue binding was maximal within 120 min and remained constant for at least an additional 120 min. This binding of labeled EGF was largely abolished by excess unlabeled EGF but not by other growth factors, indicating that binding was to specific receptors. The binding of 125I-EGF was saturable and reached a plateau at 4-8 nM; specific binding was half-maximal at 1-2 nM EGF. In situ cross-linking studies revealed that 125I-EGF was bound predominantly to a 170,000 MW EGF receptor similar to that seen in isolated uterine membranes. Incubation of uteri with 125I-EGF followed by autoradiography revealed binding to epithelial cells, stroma, and myometrium. These results provide evidence for the presence of specific EGF receptors in all major uterine cell types of the immature rat. PMID- 3258763 TI - [Comparative analysis of the role of the median bundle of the forebrain in different types of analgesia]. PMID- 3258764 TI - [Experimental parkinsonian syndrome in rats induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine]. AB - Systemic administration of high doses of MPTP caused transient bradykinesia, "freezing" episodes, head tremors, hunching of the back and peripheral autonomic effects. Neurological syndrome was clearly dose-dependent. It has been established that Parkinson's syndrome is caused by high-amplitude paroxysmal discharges in the nucleus caudatis. It is concluded that the nucleus caudatis plays the role of a pathological determinant structure in the development of Parkinson's syndrome induced by MPTP. PMID- 3258765 TI - Humoral immune function in pediatric patients treated with autologous bone marrow transplantation for B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The influence of ex vivo marrow decontamination with anti-Y 29/55 monoclonal antibody and complement. AB - Elimination of neoplastic B cell populations from autologous bone marrow grafts also removes normal B lymphocytes. This is potentially hazardous for the reconstitution of the immune system in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation followed by autologous marrow rescue. Five pediatric patients with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in first remission undergoing such a regimen were studied. They received bone marrow pretreated with anti-Y 29/55 monoclonal antibody and complement. B and T lymphocyte subpopulations reached normal levels within 6 months after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT), and serum immunoglobulin levels became normal within 4 to 9 months. Vaccination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, trivalent poliomyelitis vaccine of the Salk type, and pneumococcal capsular antigens (38 to 54 months after transplantation) gave rise to specific antibody production. ABO isoagglutinins could be demonstrated in all patients. The response pattern was similar to that of patients who received unmanipulated autologous bone marrow. It is concluded that ex vivo anti-Y 29/55 depletion of the marrow graft does not induce relevant disturbances of humoral immune functions. PMID- 3258766 TI - Thrombin decreases von Willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib. AB - Thrombin is a physiological agonist that promotes platelet aggregation and secretion. In this study we observed that thrombin can also inhibit a function of platelets related to primary hemostasis. Platelet stimulation by thrombin decreased the binding of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to glycoprotein (GP) Ib and decreased ristocetin-induced agglutination, in vitro reactions that correlate with initial platelet adhesion to the vessel wall. Binding of the monoclonal antibody API to GP Ib was also decreased. Cytoskeletal participation in the change of GP Ib was suggested because pretreatment of platelets with cytochalasin to prevent actin filament formation prevented the thrombin-induced decreases in vWF binding. API binding, and ristocetin-induced agglutination. Measurement of GP Ib in detergent extracts by electroimmunoassay demonstrated no loss after thrombin stimulation. Electroimmunoassay also demonstrated that the API epitope of GP Ib on intact thrombin-treated platelets was accessible for complete digestion by chymotrypsin. Therefore GP Ib was neither released from the platelet surface nor internalized by thrombin treatment. A previously recognized effect of thrombin is its induction of receptor sites on platelet surface GP IIb-IIIa for contact-promoting proteins, including vWF that are involved in the platelet spreading and aggregation that follow adhesion. Therefore the action on GP Ib may combine with the effect on GP IIb-IIIa to shift platelet reactivity from GP Ib vWF-mediated initial contact with the vessel wall to GP IIb-IIIa-mediated spreading and aggregation. PMID- 3258767 TI - Characterization of prothymocytes with cloning capacity in human bone marrow. AB - The identity of human bone marrow (BM)-derived T cell precursors with colony forming capacity has led to controversy because of contamination with mature clonogenic T cells. We achieved 2 Log elimination of mature T cells from BM using a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies: CD2, CD3, CD4, CD6, and CD8 followed by two successive baby rabbit C' treatment. T cell depleted BM can generate colonies of CD2+, CD3+, Ti+, mostly CD4+, in the presence of PHA, rIL2, and a prothymocyte differentiating activity derived from phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced mononuclear cells. These precursors could be enriched three- to sixfold by percoll gradient centrifugation and then significantly bypass the number of contaminant mature T cells as shown by limiting dilution analysis. Colony generation by marrow precursors was inhibited by the addition of autologous T cells. This inhibition was mostly caused by the T8+ subset. CFU-TL growth was dramatically inhibited by eliminating CD7+ cells suggesting their positivity for this surface marker. These precursors needed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II-positive cells for optimal growth but lack DR themselves. PMID- 3258768 TI - Recombinant alpha 2-interferon in the treatment of B chronic lymphocytic leukemia in early stages. AB - Ten previously untreated patients with early B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) (seven in Rai's stage 0, three in stage I) were given recombinant alpha 2 interferon (alpha 2IF) (2 X 10(6) U/m2 intramuscularly three times a week for a minimum of 14 weeks) to assess its effectiveness. All patients were evaluable for response to therapy and toxicity. No complete response was achieved. In all cases a definite, although transient reduction in the absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed. In eight patients an increase in the absolute number of granulocytes was detected. None of the patients experienced severe hematologic toxicity. Fatigue, malaise, and fever were the more common side effects, but all patients were able to finish their treatment as planned. The results of this pilot study suggest that low doses of recombinant alpha 2-IF have some activity in early and previously untreated B-CLL and that further studies of IF effectiveness in B-CLL seem warranted. PMID- 3258769 TI - Analysis of von Willebrand factor mRNA from the lung of pigs with severe von Willebrand disease by using a human cDNA probe. AB - To examine the control of porcine von Willebrand factor (vWF) biosynthesis we cloned human vWF complementary DNA (cDNA) and investigated the expression of the vWF gene in lungs from normal pigs and pigs with severe von Willebrand's disease (vWD). Recombinant clones spanning approximately 90% of human vWF cDNA were identified in a lambda gt10 human lung cDNA library by screening with oligonucleotides. One clone spanning nucleotides 960 to 3,240 of human vWF cDNA was used to investigate the steady-state levels of vWF mRNA in lungs from normal pigs and from pigs phenotypically determined to be homozygous for vWD. This clone hybridized with genomic DNA from pig leukocytes when Southern blots were processed under very stringent conditions; therefore, human cDNA clones were considered valid probes to detect porcine mRNA. Northern blot analysis of total RNA from normal pig lung and human umbilical vein endothelial cells identified the vWF mRNA as a molecular species of approximately 9.0 kilobases (kb). A very faint to undetectable band at 9.0 kb in total RNA from lungs of vWD pigs suggested a decreased rate of transcription of the vWF gene. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of RNA from the vWD pigs confirmed by Northern analysis that the high-molecular weight fractions contained vWF mRNA and at the same size as normal pig mRNA. Dot blot hybridization analysis of vWF and actin mRNA processed under stringent conditions demonstrated that the relative ratio of vWF mRNA to actin mRNA in the vWD pigs varied from 21% to 41% of the ratio observed in normal pigs. Because the amount of vWF mRNA is not correlated to the amount of vWF activity or antigen in plasma of vWD pigs we conclude that posttranscriptional events are also probably involved in abnormal expression of vWF in these animals. PMID- 3258770 TI - Shear-induced platelet aggregation can be mediated by vWF released from platelets, as well as by exogenous large or unusually large vWF multimers, requires adenosine diphosphate, and is resistant to aspirin. AB - Fluid shear stress in arteries and arterioles partially obstructed by atherosclerosis or spasm may exceed the normal time-average level of 20 dyne/cm2. In vitro, at fluid shear stresses of 30 to 60 dyne/cm2 applied for 30 seconds, platelet aggregation occurs. At these shear stresses, either large or unusually large von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers in the suspending fluid exogenous to the platelets mediates aggregation. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is also required and, in these experiments, was released from the platelets subjected to shear stress. At 120 dyne/cm2, the release of endogenous platelet vWF multimers can substitute for exogenous large or unusually large vWF forms in mediating aggregation. Endogenous released platelet vWF forms, as well as exogenous large or unusually large vWF multimers, must bind to both glycoproteins Ib and the IIb/IIIa complex to produce aggregation. Shear-induced aggregation is the result of shear stress alteration of platelet surfaces, rather than of shear effects on vWF multimers. It is mediated by either large plasma-type vWF multimers, endogenous released platelet vWF forms, or unusually large vWF multimers derived from endothelial cells, requires ADP, and is not inhibited significantly by aspirin. This type of aggregation may be important in platelet thrombus formation within narrowed arterial vessels, and may explain the limited therapeutic utility of aspirin in arterial thrombosis. PMID- 3258771 TI - Depressed functional and phenotypic properties of T but not B lymphocytes in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder in which the abnormality in cellular immunity has remained only vaguely defined. Previously we have shown that patients with ITP in its active phase have abnormal T cell subsets. We then examined the phenotypes of T and B lymphocytes in an additional 28 patients with ITP and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls and compared the lymphocytes' capacity to respond to polyclonal T, T cell-dependent B, and B cell mitogens. Blastogenesis to optimal (5.0 micrograms/mL) and suboptimal (0.5 microgram/mL) concentrations of the polyclonal T cell mitogens were markedly depressed in patients compared with normal controls (P less than .0005). Similarly, a severe depression in response was noted with the polyclonal T cell-dependent B cell mitogen (P less than .000001). No difference was seen, however, with the polyclonal B cell mitogen. The proportions of pan-T and T helper/inducer lymphocytes were significantly depressed (P less than .005 and P less than .000005 respectively), and the T suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes increased (P less than .02) in patients relative to controls. But there was no difference in the proportion of B lymphocytes or in their functional response. The abnormal cellular immunity appears to be due to a defect in the T lymphocyte population without involvement of the B lymphocytes. PMID- 3258772 TI - Expression and structure of CD22 in acute leukemia. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the expression and structure of CD22 in B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). By using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry we observed that CD22 is expressed not only in the cytoplasm (as previously reported) but also on the cell surface of virtually all (15/16) BCP-ALL examined. CD22 that was biosynthetically labeled with 35S-cysteine and immunoprecipitated from the uncommon cytoplasmic CD22-positive/surface CD22-negative BCP-ALL cells was analyzed by single dimension sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Our results indicated that the cytoplasmic form of CD22 comigrated with 125I/lactoperoxidase-labeled surface CD22. Therefore, cytoplasmic CD22 is probably a pool of fully processed glycoprotein. We also observed unusual cases of AML (approximately 20%) that expressed cytoplasmic CD22 based on immunofluorescent staining; however, biosynthetic labeling and immunoprecipitation revealed an apparently cross-reactive protein(s) of approximately 250 to 300 kd in AML cells. No T-ALL cell lines examined expressed either cytoplasmic or surface CD22. Thus, cytoplasmic and surface expression of bona fide CD22 appears restricted to B cells, which suggests that this molecule subserves a function unique to B cells. PMID- 3258773 TI - Modulation of nitrosourea resistance in myeloid leukemias. AB - Drug resistance in myeloid leukemias may be mediated by an increased capacity to repair chemotherapy-induced DNA damage. Some tumor cell lines that are resistant to nitrosoureas contain the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (alkyltransferase). This protects cells by removing cytotoxic, nitrosourea-induced O6-alkylguanine adducts. We measured the level of alkyltransferase activity in myeloid leukemic cells freshly obtained from patients to determine whether the alkyltransferase was an important factor in nitrosourea resistance in these cells and whether inactivation of this protein could sensitize leukemic cells to nitrosoureas. Myeloid leukemic cells from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia had higher levels of alkyltransferase than did myeloid precursors from normal donors (P less than .01). This difference did not appear to be due to the state of differentiation of the leukemic or normal cells. To show that this repair protein mediated nitrosourea resistance in leukemic cells, cells were treated with the modified base O6-methylguanine to selectively and irreversibly inactivate the alkyltransferase and then exposed to 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). An 18-hour incubation in 0.5 mmol/L O6-methylguanine caused an 87% +/- 3.6% decrease in alkyltransferase activity in leukemic cells and a 73% +/- 8.6% decrease in normal myeloid precursors. After treatment with O6-methylguanine, clonogenic leukemic cells from ten different donors became much more sensitive to BCNU, with a decrease in the dose needed to reduce colony survival by 50% (LD50) of 6.3 +/- 1.4-fold. A lesser effect was seen on CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEM where the LD50 decreased two- to threefold. These studies show that nitrosourea resistance in myeloid leukemic cells can be abrogated by inactivation of the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. This method of biochemical modulation of DNA repair will sensitize leukemic cells to nitrosoureas in vitro and has the potential of increasing the therapeutic index of nitrosoureas in this disease. PMID- 3258774 TI - [LAK cells and immunotherapy of cancer]. AB - Cancer immunotherapy still appears very unsatisfactory in humans. However, it has been shown recently that Interleukin 2 (IL2) could be used to generate, in vitro as well as in vivo, a new anti-tumoral activity directed against fresh tumor cells, allogenic as well as autologous, both of leukemic and solid tumor origin. This activity is not connected with the NK activity, but with a lymphocyte sub population termed 'Lymphokine Activated Killer (LAK) Cells'. The exact nature of these LAK cell precursors is still a matter of controversy: 'nul' lymphocyte, T or NK markers bearing lymphocytes, or different precursors according to the system of activation that has been used. However, after being activation, these LAK cells always express T cell-markers. The activation has a very short lifespan, explaining the need for a prolonged contact of the cells with IL2, and therefore the necessity to continue injecting the lymphokine in vivo. The clinical results that have been reported so far are still very preliminary. The most common treatment protocol consists of 5 days of IL2 injections followed by 5 days of leukapheresis and in vitro activation of the collected cells, and then auto-transfusion of the activated cells and IL2 during the next 5 days. The clinical toxicity encountered is impressive in terms of frequency as well as severity. Clinical activity seems to be relatively weak. Nevertheless, the concept still appears to be very promising. PMID- 3258775 TI - [Treatment of extensive B-cell lymphoma in children: studies of the French Pediatric Oncology Society]. AB - Since 1981 in the French Pediatric Oncology Society, a multidrug intensive-pulsed chemotherapy was proposed for bad prognosis B-cell lymphomas (stage II ORL, III and IV) and for B acute lymphocytic leukemias (B-ALL). Between 1981 and 1984, the nine-drug regimen was based on high-dose cyclophosphamide, high-dose methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside in continuous infusion (regimen LMB-81). No irradiation was performed. CNS prophylaxis was made by high-dose methotrexate and by intrathecal injections. No debulking surgery was recommended. Since 1984, considering the high rate of continuous remission, some modifications were made for reducing the duration and toxicity of the treatment of most B-cell lymphomas without CNS involvement (regimen LMB-84). For B-cell lymphomas with CNS involvement and B-ALL, an intensive high-dose multidrug combination was proposed (regimen LMB-86). Between 1981 and 1984, 153 children (stage II ORL: 6%, III: 63%, IV: 31%) were treated with the LMB-81 regimen. The overall disease-free survival rate is 69%. No relapse occurred after 12 months. Only two CNS relapses were observed. Among stage IV, a worse prognosis was associated with initial CNS involvement (disease free survival: 19%). On the contrary, bone marrow involvement was not an adverse prognostic factor. With the LMB-84, the overall disease free survival rate is 74%. A noteworthy reduction of toxicity is observed. PMID- 3258776 TI - Rheumatic diseases in pregnancy. AB - The effects of pregnancy on the clinical course of the rheumatic diseases is not only variable but often unpredictable. Disease activity at the onset of pregnancy will have great bearing on fetal outcome. Thus the use of potentially harmful drug combinations in pregnancy has to be weighed against theoretical teratogenic effects. This review outlines some of these dilemmas. PMID- 3258777 TI - Alexia with agraphia due to the left posterior inferior temporal lobe lesion- neuropsychological analysis and its pathogenetic mechanisms. AB - We report three cases of alexia with agraphia due to the left posterior inferior temporal lesions. In Case 1, the reading disability was more prominent in the use of Kana than in the use of Kanji, which is similar to previously reported cases of alexia with agraphia due to angular gyrus lesion. In Cases 2 and 3, by contrast, the reading disability was more prominent in the use of Kanji than in the use of Kana. In spontaneous writing and dictation, the disability was more pronounced in the use of Kanji compared with the use of Kana. In each of the three cases, the CT scan and positron emission tomography showed a localized lesion in the lower part of the left posterior temporal lobe. A typical form of an alexia with agraphia could be caused not only by the left angular lesion but also by the left posterior inferior temporal lesion. We discuss the neuropsychological analysis and pathogenetic mechanisms of alexia with agraphia due to the left posterior inferior temporal lesion in the comparison of alexia with agraphia caused by the left angular lesion. PMID- 3258778 TI - A long-term follow-up case study of crossed aphasia assessed by single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), language, and neuropsychological testing. AB - A 65-year-old man with well-defined crossed aphasia secondary to right cerebral infarction 10 years previously was studied for current language and cognitive abilities and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during cognitive activation measured by single-photon emission tomography (SPECT). Reversed hemispheric lateralization was demonstrated by qualitative aspects of the patient's constructional deficits, dominant parietal lobe signs, and absence of the neglect syndrome. Language activation procedures during SPECT produced focal increases in rCBF to both frontal lobes with a phoneme detection task and to right temporal and parietal lobes with a math task. The authors stress the complexities of assessing brain/language mechanisms in vivo and demonstrate variabilities in rCBF during language activation dependent on task selection. PMID- 3258779 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in neuronal elements of the cat cerebellum. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) was found in many mossy fiber endings in the cat cerebellum. Some fine varicose fibers within the cerebellar nuclei also showed CGRP-LI. By injecting colchicine into the lateral ventricle of the cerebrum, CGRP-LI was further visualized in perikarya of many granule cells and some small neurons in the dentate and interpositus nuclei. Among the brainstem precerebellar nuclei, the largest number of neuronal cell bodies with CGRP-LI was found in the pontine nuclei. When a lesion was placed in the pontine brachium, mossy fiber endings with CGRP-LI reduced in number in the cerebellar hemisphere of the posterior lobe ipsilateral to the lesion. Fine varicose fibers with CGRP-LI within the dentate nucleus were also decreased in number ipsilaterally to the lesion. Thus, the majority of fiber endings with CGRP LI in the hemisphere of the posterior lobe and the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum were assumed to originate from the contralateral pontine nuclei. PMID- 3258780 TI - Serum and fibroblast growth factor stimulate quiescent astrocytes to re-enter the cell cycle. AB - An in vitro model was used to study the cytokinetics of astroglial cells derived from neonatal rat cerebellum. Confluent monolayers of astrocytes (85% astroglial as assessed by GFAP immunoreactivity) were subcultured at low cell density and after 2-3 days growth were rendered quiescent by shifting them to low serum medium (0.25%) for several days. Cells could be stimulated to re-enter the proliferative compartment by challenging them with high concentrations of fetal bovine serum (5-10% FBS) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF). FGF added alone at a concentration of 25 ng/ml caused quiescent astrocytes to re-enter the cell cycle nearly as effectively as 5-10% serum. Moreover, when FGF (25 ng/ml) was combined with 0.5% serum there was a potentiation of the mitogenic effect seen with FGF alone. This synchronization scheme is an important tool for continuing studies of the growth factor and hormonal requirements for astroglial cell proliferation and differentiation. PMID- 3258781 TI - Cerebral vessels cryofixed after hyperosmosis or cold injury in normothermic and hypothermic frogs. AB - Three purported means by which large solutes may penetrate the blood-brain barrier are: permeabilized tight junctions; vesicular transport; or channel formation across cerebral blood vessels. The role of vesicular transport has been questioned, in part, because many cytoplasmic vesicles are induced by aldehyde fixation. Cryofixation reduces this artefact and was used to see structural changes in frog cerebral endothelium made permeable to plasma solutes after perivascular exposure to hyperosmotic (3 M) urea, or injury with a cold probe ( 50 degrees C). Some control and experimental frogs were made hypothermic so as to inhibit endocytosis and autolytic changes. The brains of some untreated controls were immerse-fixed in aldehydes. Other controls and all other brains of normothermic or hypothermic animals were rapidly frozen, then substituted with acetone-fixative. The interendothelial tight junctions separate partially or completely, after hyperosmotic exposure, in one third of the junctions. Blood borne ferritin and Evans blue pass through some of the patent junctions. Junctional opening is caused by cell shrinkage, because the perimeter/area ratio of individual endothelial cells in the hyperosmotic group is significantly greater than in the control, due to a decreased area. Large 0.08-0.32-micron-wide invaginations or pits of the endothelial cell membrane characterize both cryofixed and aldehyde-fixed vessels. The pits often appear as isolated vesicles in the cytoplasm, but serial sections reveal that many communicate with either the capillary lumen or subendothelial space. No series of pits opened onto both lumen and space to form a transendothelial channel. The number of vesicles in aldehyde-fixed specimens is about 4 times greater (P less than 0.01) and in the cold injured, cryofixed brain capillary, about two times greater (P less than 0.01), than in the cryofixed control. Hyperosmotic exposure does not increase the number of pits. The permeabilization of anuran cerebral endothelium by hyperosmotic treatment or cold injury is thus by means of an intercellular rather than a transcellular route. PMID- 3258782 TI - Evidence for the involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor in the gastrointestinal disturbances induced by acoustic and cold stress in mice. AB - The influence of acoustic (AS) and cold (CS) stress on gastric emptying and intestinal transit were evaluated in mice using a radiolabelled 51chromium test meal. AS was produced by playing music through loudspeakers (less than 86 dB) in a confined box at room temperature (20 degrees C) and CS was obtained by exposure to 10 degrees C. Twenty minutes exposure to AS or CS caused a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in gastric emptying in mice. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of 150 ng of rat corticotropin-releasing factor (rCRF), 30 min before the test meal, also increased gastric emptying but neither intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of rCRF at the same dosage nor corticosterone (300 ng) and ACTH (375 microU) were able to induce significant changes in gastric emptying. The increase in gastric emptying induced by AS and CS and by i.c.v. injection of rCRF were blocked by previous i.p. administration of an antiserum against rCRF. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that alterations in gastric emptying induced by AS and CS in mice are due to the release of CRF acting directly on central structures involved in the control of gastrointestinal motility. PMID- 3258783 TI - Actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide on rat spinal dorsal horn neurons. AB - The membrane actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the effect on the Ca-dependent action potential of dorsal horn neurons have been investigated by means of an intracellular recording technique in the immature rat in vitro spinal cord slice-dorsal root ganglion preparation. Bath application of CGRP (10( 8)-10(-6) M for 1-10 min) produced a slow reversible depolarization in about one third of the cells examined. Biphasic membrane response consisting of an initial hyperpolarization followed by a late prolonged depolarization was seen in a smaller proportion of tested cells. Both membrane responses were present, and even enhanced, when synaptic transmission and Na spikes were blocked by perfusing the slice with a TTX-containing Krebs solution. The CGRP-induced membrane changes were also present in media containing TTX and TEA. The CGRP-evoked depolarization was associated with an increase in the input resistance, and enhanced excitability in a majority of neurons tested. In addition, CGRP modified the duration of Ca-dependent action potentials of dorsal horn neurons, the most consistent change being a prolonged increase in the spike duration. Our results are consistent with a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role for CGRP in the rat spinal dorsal horn. PMID- 3258784 TI - Dopamine-releasing action of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) in the neostriatum of the rat as demonstrated in vivo by the push-pull perfusion technique: dependence on sodium but not calcium ions. AB - This study examined the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its metabolite, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) on the levels of dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in push-pull perfusates of the striatum in chloral hydrate-anaesthetized rats. In control animals the levels of DA and DOPAC remained stable for at least 6 h and responded rapidly to a depolarizing stimulus of 25 mM K+. This K+-induced DA release was Ca2+ dependent since no stimulation was observed when the striatal sites were perfused with high K+ in a Ca2+-free medium containing 2 mM EGTA thus verifying that the striatal sites were functionally active. MPTP (0.025 and 0.05 microgram/microliter) stimulated DA release and inhibited DOPAC output in a dose related manner. MPP+ (0.01, 0.025 and 0.05 microgram/microliter) produced a more robust dose-dependent increase in DA levels in the perfusates; however, the level of suppression of DOPAC was similar to that in response to MPTP. The effect of MPP+ on DA release was attenuated by 10(-6) M benztropine, the DA re-uptake blocker and completely inhibited by 10 micrograms/kg i.p. benztropine and 10(-4) M ouabain, the Na+, K+-ATPase (Na pump) inhibitor. However, although these substances prevented the MPP+-induced release of DA, the levels of DOPAC in the perfusates did not recover and remained completely suppressed suggesting that MPP+ may inhibit extraneuronal rather than intraneuronal monoamine oxidase (MAO). Perfusion of the striatal sites with a Ca2+-free medium containing 2 mM EGTA did not prevent the MPP+-induced DA release indicating that MPP+ does not release DA from the striatal DA terminals by the Ca2+-dependent process of exocytosis. The responses of DA and DOPAC to 25 mM K+ were markedly suppressed in animals treated with MPTP and MPP+, these effects being most severe with the highest dose of MPP+. Moreover, this suppression of the K+-induced responses persisted in animals perfused with MPP+ in the presence of benztropine or ouabain, thus suggesting that MPP+ may have potent deleterious membrane effects. These studies have provided the first direct in vivo demonstration of the action of MPTP and MPP+ and the neuropharmacological basis of this action on DA metabolism in the rat striatum. The results show that the elevated levels of DA in the striatal perfusates are due to a direct action of MPTP and MPP+ on the nigrostriatal DA terminals and cannot be fully accounted for solely by their inhibition of MAO activity and/or inhibition of DA re-uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258785 TI - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) increases oxidation of cytochrome-b in rat striatal slices. AB - Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, (the active metabolite of the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), on reduction/oxidation activity of mitochondrial cytochromes were studied in rat striatal slices using scanning spectrophotometry. The objective was to test the hypothesis that the neurotoxin alters electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Incubation of rat striatal slices with MPP+ (1 microM) produced a time-dependent oxidation of Cytochrome-b in a manner consistent with the concept of a block in electron transport in the intramitochondrial respiratory chain between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and Cytochrome-b. This effect of MPP+ was decreased by co-incubation with a potent dopamine uptake inhibitor (mazindol), or when studied in a tissue with low dopaminergic innervation (hippocampus). The amplitude of Cytochrome-b oxidation was greater than that expected from a selective effect of MPP+ on dopaminergic neurons suggesting that neighboring cells are influenced secondary to the MPP+ effect on dopaminergic terminals. PMID- 3258786 TI - Immature optic nerve glia of rat do not promote axonal regeneration when transplanted into a peripheral nerve. AB - The ability of immature central nervous system (CNS) glia to promote axonal regeneration was studied by grafting segments of embryonic and neonatal rat optic nerves into the sciatic nerves of adult rats. Unexpectedly, very few axons regenerated through these grafts. The majority of the axons bypassed the grafts and were associated with Schwann cells. These results were similar to those obtained with grafts of adult rat optic nerves. The failure of immature CNS glia to promote axonal regeneration under these conditions suggests that they may be less effective than Schwann cells in promoting the regeneration and growth of axons. PMID- 3258787 TI - [Psychiatric consultation at a general hospital (II): The problem of the patient with a somatic disorder]. AB - The article presents the difficulties of the psychiatric consultation with patients having somatic complaints. A model of evaluation and intervention is proposed in which the link between the somatic complaint and the doctor-patient relationship is emphasized. A closer look at the manifest request for consultation often leads to interpreting the consultation as a symptom of the patient's relationship to his doctor. The consultation is often a confrontation with the hidden conflict of the patient embedded in his symptom, but actualized with his referring doctor. The focus is on the patient as the agent of his trouble. A clinical vignette is presented. PMID- 3258788 TI - Primary lung cancer. A controlled study of preoperative and postoperative levels of circulating immune complexes. AB - Three complement-dependent and one rheumatoid factor-dependent immune complex assays were used to analyze the sera taken before surgery from 70 unselected and previously untreated lung cancer patients, from 30 of them after surgery, and from 31 healthy controls. Plasma levels of complement split product C3d were also analyzed. The levels of circulating immune complexes (cIC) and C3d were essentially the same in samples taken from lung cancer patients before surgery and from healthy controls. By the four immune complex assays, increased levels were found in 0 to 10% of the preoperative lung cancer patients compared to 3% of the healthy controls (not significant). The postsurgical tumor, lymph node, metastasis (pTNM) stage of the lung cancer was not reflected in the levels of cIC or C3d. Paired comparisons of the cIC and C3d levels before and after surgery did not show significant differences. Thus, we found no evidence for the occurrence of cancer-related cIC in lung cancer patients. PMID- 3258789 TI - Transforming growth factor beta as a potent promoter in two-stage BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation. AB - We have tested transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) in the two-stage BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay for possible tumor-promoting activity, since it has several effects similar to those of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. After initiation of BALB/c 3T3 cells with 3-methylchol-anthrene, treatment with TGF beta at 1 ng/ml alone or in combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF) for 4 weeks enhanced the number of transformed foci by 5- to 6-fold in comparison with uninitiated cells. Initiation treatment alone induced no or very few transformed foci in several assays. Treatment with phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (PDD) at 100 ng/ml for 4 weeks enhanced the number of transformed foci in initiated BALB/c 3T3 cells by 4- to 5-fold in comparison with uninitiated cells. Thus, TGF beta at 1 ng/ml is as potent as PDD at 100 ng/ml for tumor-promoting activity in the two stage BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay. The enhancing effect of TGF beta was dose-related in the dose range tested (0.03-1 ng/ml) and was not reversible. Some of the foci induced by combined MCA-TGF beta-EGF treatment were cloned, and eight out of nine clones tested produced tumors in nude mice. TGF beta (1 ng/ml) plus EGF (2 ng/ml) increased the saturation density to a similar extent as PDD (100 ng/ml) but did not affect the growth of BALB/c 3T3 cells. We observed no change in junctional intercellular communication, as measured by the dye transfer method, when cells were treated with TGF beta during the two-stage BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay. Nevertheless, there was selective communication between transformed and surrounding nontransformed cells; MCA-TGF beta transformed cells intercommunicated among themselves but not with surrounding nontransformed cells. Our results indicate that TGF beta has potent tumor promoting activity in vitro, but that this activity is not mediated by a complete blockage of intercellular communication, as is suggested for phorbol ester tumor promoters. PMID- 3258790 TI - A human macrophage hybridoma producing a cytotoxic factor distinct from TNF, LT, and IL-1. AB - A stable human macrophage hybridoma was established by somatic cell fusion between human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages and an 8-azaguanine resistant clone of a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U-937 (clone U-937-F9). The hybrid cell line (F9P) exhibited typical macrophage-like morphology and had 30 more chromosomes than U-937-F9 cells. Its macrophage characteristics were confirmed by the manifestation of intracellular nonspecific esterase, the detection of Mo-2 and LEU-M3 antigens on the cell surface, and the demonstration of phagocytic activity. Furthermore, when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), this cell line could secrete a considerable amount of a cytotoxic factor (CTF). Distinct from the hybrid cell line, the parental U-937-F9 cells expressed neither Mo-2 nor LEU-M3 antigens on the cell surface, did not show phagocytic activity, and their culture supernatants did not show cytotoxic activity even after LPS stimulation. The activity of CTF in the culture supernatant of the LPS stimulated hybrid cells could not be neutralized with anti-tumor necrosis factor, anti-interleukin-1, or anti-lymphotoxin antibodies. The CTF had a relative molecular mass of 45-60 x 10(3) daltons as determined by gel filtration on a column of Superose 12, and an isoelectric point of 5.1. The cytotoxic activity was also induced when the hybrid cells were stimulated with the concentrated supernatants of a human T-cell hybridoma containing macrophage activating factor for cytotoxicity or with LP3 tumor cells which were used as target cells. PMID- 3258791 TI - Immunoconjugate generation between the ribosome inactivating protein restrictocin and an anti-human breast carcinoma MAB. AB - In the perspective of therapeutic approaches the monoclonal antibody, MBrl, with a quite restricted spectrum of reactivity for human breast carcinoma, was coupled to restrictocin (Res), a ribosome inactivating protein produced by Aspergillus restrictus. In a cell-free system this toxin was found to have an activity comparable to that of other plant toxins, but its in vitro toxicity was shown to be low on different cell lines. Three batches of MBr1-Res conjugate were prepared and their specificity, efficiency, and maximum level of cytotoxicity were analyzed on the cell line MCF-7 expressing the relevant antigen, on several irrelevant tumor cell lines, and on normal cells. Conjugates were from 600 to 1500 times more efficient than the uncoupled derivatized Res towards MCF-7 cells and were completely ineffective on the other target cells. The antigen-driven cytotoxicity was confirmed by the nontoxicity of an irrelevant conjugate on MCF-7 cells. The cytotoxic efficiency of MBr1-Res was low when compared to the binding level of MBr1 at the same concentration and a portion of treated cells (from 10% to 30%) survived the treatment. The heterogeneity of expression of the relevant antigen, together with its only partial internalization, could account for these limitations. The lysosomotropic agent ammonium chloride and the carboxylic ionophore monensin were tested as potentiating agents but in both cases the cytotoxicity remained unmodified. A neutralization assay performed on a xenogenic model indicated that the MBr1-Res conjugate was capable of reducing the tumor take. These data indicate the possibility of using the Res to prepare a reproducible and highly selective breast cancer conjugate. However, there are still a number of problems which must first be solved before we can consider its clinical application. PMID- 3258792 TI - Response of primary human mammary tumor cell cultures to a monoclonal antibody recombinant ricin A chain immunotoxin. AB - Malignant epithelial tumor cells were isolated and cultured from ten human mammary specimens of cancerous origin. The 260F9 monoclonal antibody (MAB) bound to frozen sections of all of the human breast tumors tested and to primary cultured cells from the tumors. Cultured cells from all ten breast tumors were sensitive to the clonal inhibitory effects of immunotoxin 260F9 MAB-recombinant ricin A chain. At an immunotoxin concentration of 200 ng/ml (about 1 nM), inhibition of colony formation was greater than 99% for all ten tumors. PMID- 3258793 TI - Effects of phenytoin on cell-mediated immunity. AB - The effects of phenytoin on cellular immunity were examined in murine models. Fresh splenocytes were obtained from mice which had received 1 mg/day of phenytoin i.p. for 28 days. The serum concentration of phenytoin in these animals was 10-20 micrograms/ml. The proliferative response of splenocytes to mitogens was assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation. The cytotoxic activities of cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells were estimated by a 4-h 51Cr release assay. The 3H thymidine incorporation of splenocytes was reduced significantly (P less than 0.01) in phenytoin-treated mice. The NK and CTL activities of splenocytes from phenytoin-treated mice were significantly suppressed. However, the LAK activity of phenytoin-treated mice was equal to that of control mice. PMID- 3258794 TI - Persistent inhibition by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate of oxalate-dependent 45calcium accumulation in permeable guinea-pig hepatocytes. AB - Guinea-pig hepatocytes whose plasma membranes were rendered permeable by treatment with saponin, accumulated 45calcium in the presence of potassium oxalate and ATP. The uptake was linear with time for up to one hour when high capacity EGTA buffers were used (5mM). In the presence of a supra-maximal concentration of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, under conditions minimising metabolism of this calcium-mobilising messenger, 45calcium accumulation was inhibited by about 40% for a period of one hour. Electron microscopic examination of the cells, revealed the presence of electron dense precipitates. Electron microprobe analysis of the precipitates indicated that they constituted the majority of the oxalate-dependent calcium uptake. The precipitates were located throughout the non-nuclear regions of the cells. Cells treated with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate contained fewer precipitates, but high cell-to-cell variability prevented conclusions as to the precise location of the pool sensitive to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. These results support the previous contention that a fraction of endoplasmic reticulum is completely emptied of calcium by maximal concentrations of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, while another fraction is insensitive to this action. In addition, these findings indicate that the pool of intracellular calcium on which inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate acts is oxalate-permeable, and that the calcium-releasing action of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate does not desensitise within one hour. PMID- 3258795 TI - Induction of transforming growth factor-alpha in activated human alveolar macrophages. AB - The early monocyte infiltration observed in normal wound repair and in a number of pathologic processes precedes the epithelial and connective tissue proliferative responses, suggesting that the monocyte/macrophage may be an important source of growth factors for these tissues. In culture, activated macrophages secrete growth factors active on fibroblasts, smooth muscle, endothelium, and epithelium. This report demonstrates that activated human alveolar macrophages express the gene for transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) in an inducible manner and secrete a factor into the culture medium that is functionally and immunologically identical to TGF-alpha. Two different molecular species of TGF-alpha activity (approximately 8,500-12,000 and 28,500 daltons) are identified in macrophage-conditioned medium. These observations establish the macrophage as a diploid human cell capable of synthesizing and secreting TGF-alpha. The activated macrophage therefore represents a cellular source of a mitogenic factor that is potentially important in epithelial proliferation and repair. PMID- 3258796 TI - Unusual T4-positive B-chronic lymphoid leukemia cells. PMID- 3258797 TI - Myocardial structure in patients with exercise-induced ischemia. AB - Myocardial structure of left ventricular segments with recurrent myocardial ischemia was evaluated by morphometry and compared with that of segments with normal blood supply in 15 patients with exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. Left ventricular high-fidelity pressure measurements and simultaneous biplane angiocardiography were performed in patients at rest and during supine bicycle exercise. Left ventricular transmural biopsy samples were obtained during open heart surgery in a normally contracting region and in a region with exercise induced de novo wall motion abnormalities. Transmural and endocardial and epicardial left ventricular muscle fiber diameter and interstitial nonmuscular tissue were determined by morphometry. Eight patients were restudied 8 months after successful bypass grafting. Heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased significantly preoperatively and postoperatively during exercise. However, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly higher preoperatively (33 mm Hg) during exercise than postoperatively (19 mm Hg; p less than .01). Left ventricular ejection fraction dropped significantly during exercise (63% vs 54%; p less than .001) before surgery but remained unchanged (64% vs 66%; NS) after revascularization. Regional axis shortening of the normokinetic region increased slightly during exercise pre- and postoperatively, but decreased in the hypokinetic region from 42% at rest to 25% during exercise (p less than .001) before surgery and from 47% at rest to 41% during exercise (p less than .05) after revascularization. Transmural muscle fiber diameter (normal less than or equal to 23 microns) was significantly larger in regions with exercise-induced ischemia (29.3 microns, p less than .025) than in normally contracting regions (27.3 microns). Interstitial nonmuscular tissue (normal less than or equal to 10%) was significantly increased in regions with exercise induced wall motion abnormalities (19.8%) compared with normally contracting regions (15.5%; p less than .05). In the endocardial half of left ventricular segments with recurrent myocardial ischemia interstitial tissue was significantly increased (23.7%; p less than .01) compared with that in the epicardial half of the same segment (17.5%). It is concluded that structural alterations of the myocardium (muscle fiber hypertrophy and increased interstitial nonmuscular tissue) develop especially in the endocardial layers of the transiently ischemic myocardium with normal function at rest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3258798 TI - Development and performance of a highly sensitive carboxyl-terminal-specific radioimmunoassay of calcitonin gene-related peptide. AB - The calcitonin genes encode a small family of peptides: the circulating hormone calcitonin; its flanking peptide, katacalcin; and a third novel peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). CGRP is a potent vasodilator and a major circulating product from the calcitonin genes; it may be a physiologically important regulator of blood flow in humans. High concentrations of circulating CGRP are found in medullary thyroid carcinoma. We report the development and validation of a highly sensitive (detection limit 500 amol per tube) radioimmunoassay of CGRP involving a high-affinity antibody directed against the carboxyl terminus of the molecule and a highly pure tracer. The assay is precise, robust, and reproducible, and is therefore a potentially useful analytical method for studying the normal and abnormal physiology of this peptide. PMID- 3258799 TI - Nutritional status of patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. AB - In a cross-sectional study, the nutritional status of 32 patients on hemodialysis (HD) and 16 patients on peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was determined. Protein caloric malnourishment assessed from a score system based on triceps skin-fold, midarm muscle circumference, S-transferrin and relative body weight was recorded in 54% of the patients. No significant differences between the nutritional status of HD and CAPD patients were found. Malnutrition was more frequent among patients in early stage dialysis (i.e., dialysis for less than 12 months) than among other patients (p less than 0.02). Frequent assessment of the nutritional status is mandatory for optimal nourishment. PMID- 3258800 TI - Calcified cerebellopontine angle hematoma mimicking recurrent acoustic neurinoma. AB - The authors describe a case of calcified, organized hematoma in the cerebellopontine angle which developed 20 years after subtotal removal of an acoustic neurinoma, presenting as a recurrence of acoustic neurinoma on computed tomography. It points out the difficulty in differentiating a recurrent tumor from an organized hematoma in this particular case because of neuroradiological similarity and masked clinical symptoms by the long-standing neurological deficits after the original surgery. MRI scanning would have been helpful in this circumstances. PMID- 3258801 TI - Presence and absence of bleeding in association with calculus in segments given Code 2 in the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). AB - The periodontal status of 257 Japanese company employees aged 20-56 yr was studied to determine the number and percentage of subjects with and without bleeding after gentle probing in the sextants given a Code 2 using the CPITN. In addition to recording the presence of calculus in the conventional manner, a modification was introduced to add a Code 2+ for sextants in which bleeding after probing was found and a Code 2- where no bleeding was detected. The results indicate that 38-52% of the sextants given a Code 2 showed no bleeding after probing. Such a large percentage of sextants with no evidence of bleeding in the presence of calculus raises a question about the priority which should be accorded to provide scaling for these subjects. The results also show that of the 116 subjects aged 20-29 yr judged to be in need of periodontal treatment by the CPITN criteria 18.1% showed neither pocket formation nor bleeding. Modifications to the CPITN are suggested which should make the index more appropriate for assessing both the prevalence of periodontal disease and the need for periodontal treatment and thus make it more useful for public health planning and evaluation purposes. PMID- 3258802 TI - Purification and characterization of cathepsin D-like proteinase from the tadpole tail of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - 1. An acid aspartic proteinase in the regressing tadpole tail was purified about 800-fold with a 36% recovery. 2. The mol. wt of the enzyme was found to be 42,000 on gel filtration and 38,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. 3. The purified enzyme had a maximum activity at pH 3.5 and an apparent Km of 0.084% with acid-denatured hemoglobin as substrate. 4. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by pepstatin. In addition, diazoacetylnorleucine methyl ester inactivated the enzyme in the presence of cupric ions. 5. The enzyme was identified as a cathepsin D (EC. 3.4.23.5)-like proteinase. PMID- 3258803 TI - EPIX: an interactive computer application program for cross-sectional epidemiological, periodontal investigations from X-ray films. AB - This article introduces the interactive computer application program EPIX and the associated personal computer/digitizer system. The system is used to measure marginal alveolar bone height and to record angular alveolar bone defects, defective margins of dental restorations and dental calculus from 5 X-magnified periapical radiographs in cross-sectional epidemiological investigations. The 134 kBytes compiled BASIC program provides 17 menu options. A complete recording of interproximal tooth surfaces takes on average 20 minutes per subject. Data from 200 subjects can be stored on one 5.25" floppy disk. EPIX transforms data files into text files to enable transfer to main-frame computer for statistical analyses. Data displays on VDU or paper are available. Routines for data location and processing, file processing and visual display of an operator's manual provide additional facilities. EPIX has been used to process an epidemiological material of 912 subjects and has proved to be useful. PMID- 3258804 TI - Hemodialysis hypereosinophilia. PMID- 3258805 TI - S-antigen: experimental autoimmune uveitis induced in guinea pigs with two synthetic peptides. AB - Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was observed in Hartley guinea pigs following immunization with two small synthetic peptides, peptide M and peptide M15L, which correspond to the amino acid sequence of a well-characterized region of bovine S-antigen. Groups of guinea pigs were immunized with 100 micrograms of each peptide in complete Freund's adjuvant and examined at regular intervals for the development of disease. Approximately two weeks later, an EAU was present which was characterized clinically by iris and pericorneal hyperemia. Histopathologically, a severe inflammatory response involving the uveal tract and retina was observed. In these eyes the photoreceptor cell layer of the retina was destroyed. A subretinal exudate containing mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes was also present. In addition, animals with EAU showed an associated pinealitis characterized by a lymphocytic infiltration of the subcapsular and central area of the pineal gland. Furthermore, draining lymph node cells of guinea pigs immunized with peptide M showed strong in vitro proliferative responses towards peptide M as measured by 3H thymidine uptake. These results demonstrate the existence of at least one common pathogenic epitope in bovine S-antigen for the induction of EAU in Hartley guinea pigs and Lewis rats. PMID- 3258806 TI - Immunocytochemical analysis of contact lens surface deposits in transmission electron microscopy. AB - We studied 8 soft contact lenses from asymptomatic wearers by means of an immunocytochemical method, in transmission electron microscopy. In particular, the presence of IgA, IgG, IgE, Clq complement fraction within the surface deposits was analyzed. All the lenses were found positive for the immunoglobulins and the Clq, being the tarsal side more heavily coated than the corneal one. IgA was the predominant Ig, followed by IgG, IgE, and Clq in this descending order. New, never worn lenses were found completely negative for any of the proteins under investigation. We conclude that the Igs come from the tear fluid and speculate about the Clq as a possible sign of involvement of the host immuno defense mechanism against the prosthesis. PMID- 3258807 TI - Elevated lactate dehydrogenase values in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - We investigated the source of elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in seven patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) by analyzing blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) albumin (ALB) and LDH, with isoenzyme fractionation. Four patients with non-PCP lung disease served as control subjects. In PCP patients, BAL LDH was sixfold higher, and BAL ALB, fourfold higher than in the non-PCP patients. The increased LDH/ALB in BAL as compared to serum, in addition to a BAL isoenzyme pattern characteristic of lung, suggest that BAL LDH arises from a pulmonary source. We postulate that the high correlation observed between BAL and serum LDH (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001) reflects backflow of pulmonary-derived LDH into the blood through an alveolocapillary membrane (ACM) compromised by PCP. Furthermore, a comparison of BAL LDH/ALB for each isoenzyme with the same serum ratio showed less backflow for the cationic isoenzymes. The ACM appears to sieve proteins on an electrical basis which may account for the LDH isomorphic pattern observed in the serum of PCP patients. PMID- 3258809 TI - Pulse profile analyses of endocytosis in capped B lymphocytes and BCL1 cells. AB - The effect of temperature on the kinetics of endocytosis by B lymphocytes and BCL1 cells was examined by using flow cytometry. Mouse B cells were stained with FITC-R alpha MIg and induced to undergo cap formation in the temperature controlled sample compartment of the flow cytometer. Capping and subsequent endocytosis were measured by continually monitoring the pulse profile descriptors (width and area) of the electronic signal curves generated during flow cytometric analyses. Decreases in area values which immediately followed cap formation were shown to result from a pH-dependent quenching of fluorescence emission as the internalized FITC-R alpha MIg entered acidic subcellular compartments. Similar results were obtained with BCL1 cells, but, in addition to cap formation and acidification, cytoplasmic diffusion of the fluorescent ligand could also be discerned by flow cytometry. With either cell type the rates of cap formation and endocytosis were shown to be temperature dependent with temperature coefficient (Q10) values of 2.0-2.7. Based upon Arrhenius plots of width and area changes, activation energies for capping and endocytosis ranged from approximately 12-18 kcal/mol. PMID- 3258808 TI - Suppression of tumorigenicity in T-cell lymphoma hybrids is correlated with changes in myc expression and DNA replication of the myc chromosomal domain. AB - Intraspecific somatic cell hybrids between T-lymphoma cells and lymphocytes are highly tumorigenic whereas fusion of T-lymphoma cells with normal fibroblasts leads to reduced or even completely suppressed tumorigenicity of the hybrid cells. A particular cytogenetic phenomenon defines these two classes of hybrids. DNA replication analysis via bromodeoxyuridine pulse labelling reveals an aberrant banding pattern in the c-myc chromosomal domain in tumour cells and highly tumorigenic hybrids. In hybrids with suppressed tumorigenicity the tumor parent derived chromosomes have reverted to normal DNA replication banding. Aberrant DNA replication in tumour cells and highly tumorigenic hybrids coincides with enhanced c-myc expression. In hybrids with suppressed tumorigenicity and with normal DNA replication banding c-myc expression is also reduced. Thus, a correlation between aberrant DNA replication and enhanced expression of a gene located in the same chromosomal domain is observed. Reversion of aberrant DNA replication and reduction of c-myc expression to normal in hybrid cells may be due to a site-specific trans effect which overrides the control brought about in cis by retroviral insertion near the c-myc gene. PMID- 3258810 TI - Voluntary control of an ileal pouch by coordinated electrical stimulation. A pilot study in the dog. AB - Ileal reservoirs were constructed in four dogs under general anesthesia and stimulated by means of a constant current generator that produced pulse trains at frequencies between 6 Hz and 1.67 kHz. Stimulation at 6 Hz with 50 ms pulses between amplitudes of 15 and 25 mA uniformly produced pouch contraction and reservoir emptying. Stimulation at other frequencies did not cause pouch emptying although pressure increases were sometimes observed. Such electrical stimulation may be useful for voluntary control of intestinal reservoirs when used as replacement for urinary bladder or colon. The mechanism by which the intestinal contraction is produced appears to be different than that produced by slow wave pacing. PMID- 3258811 TI - Measurement of degraded fecal hemoglobin-heme to estimate gastrointestinal site of occult bleeding. Appraisal of its clinical utility. AB - Hemoglobin-heme is variably converted to porphyrin during enterocolic transit. This intestinal converted fraction, as measured by HemoQuant, was elevated as a predictor of the occult bleeding site in 152 patients with discrete lesions. The intestinal converted fraction, expressed as the percentage of total fecal hemoglobin, was similar with upper gastrointestinal and proximal colon lesions. Within the colon, values trended downward with more distal location: means +/- standard deviations were 18 +/- 14 proximal colon, 16 +/- 15 sigmoid, and 10 +/- 10 rectum. The amount of fecal blood also affected the intestinal converted fraction; correcting for hemoglobin concentration improved separation by site. Corrected intestinal converted fraction values were significantly lower with rectal (P less than 0.0005) and sigmoid (P less than 0.02) lesions than with proximal colon lesions. Unfortunately, large within-site variation caused considerable overlap between sites. We conclude that the intestinal converted fraction is influenced by the site and amount of bleeding. However, its clinical utility is compromised by substantial individual differences in luminal hemoglobin metabolism. PMID- 3258812 TI - Vascular injury in acute gastric mucosal damage. Mediatory role of leukotrienes. AB - Recent investigations indicate that microvascular injury, leading to increased vascular permeability and capillary stasis, precede the development of chemically induced hemorrhagic mucosal lesions in the stomach. The vascular damage is more amenable to protection by prostaglandins and sulfhydryls than the diffuse surface mucosal cell injury. The vascular and mucosal lesions may be the result of direct toxicity of damaging agents (eg, ethanol, HCl, NaOH) and the release of vasoactive amines and leukotrienes. We review here our recent studies performed in rats indicating that intraarterial infusion of LTC4 or LTD4 in the stomach caused vascular injury as revealed by monastral blue. Infusion of leukotrienes alone caused no hemorrhagic mucosal lesions but aggravated the damage caused by 25, 50, or 100% ethanol and 0.2 N HCl given intragastrically. The ethanol-induced mucosal lesions were slightly diminished by the lipoxygenase inhibitor L-651,392 and markedly decreased by eicosapentaenoic acid, which competes with arachiconic acid as a substrate for 5-lipoxygenase. These results are discussed and correlated with biochemical results from other laboratories demonstrating increased levels of leukotrienes in the gastric mucosa after administration of ethanol and decreased release following pretreatment with prostaglandins or sulfhydryl-related agents. New data thus support a mediatory role for leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of vascular injury and mucosal lesions in the stomach. PMID- 3258813 TI - [Opioid dermorphin inhibits cholinergic chronotropic effects in the frog heart]. PMID- 3258814 TI - [Bronchoscopic diagnosis of lung infiltrates in immunocompromised patients]. AB - Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was undertaken in 21 immunocompromised patients for microbiological and cytological diagnosis. In all of these patients radiologically confirmed pneumonic lesions had developed which, under empirical antibiotic treatment, had progressed or not clearly regressed. In four patients each the causative organisms of the pneumonia were identified as Pneumocystis carinii and Legionella, respectively, and Aspergilla in a further three. Proof of the causative organism in these patients resulted in a change of the antibiotic treatment. The pneumonia was healed in 11 patients. Ten patients died. Early bronchoscopy to identify the causative organism is recommended in immunocompromised patients so that, by administering microorganism-specific treatment, the at present high mortality in this group may be reduced. PMID- 3258815 TI - Comparison of gastrointestinal blood loss in healthy male volunteers during repeated administration of standard and sustained action tiaprofenic acid and sustained release indomethacin. AB - Gastrointestinal blood loss was measured in 30 healthy male volunteers before and during 4 weeks of oral treatment with either tiaprofenic acid tablets 300 mg twice daily, tiaprofenic acid sustained action (SA) capsules 600 mg once daily, or indomethacin sustained release (SR) capsules 75 mg once daily, in an open parallel-group study of 38 days' duration. Autologous erythrocytes labelled with 51Cr were given intravenously on the first study day. Gastrointestinal blood loss was measured by comparing faecal and red blood cell 51Cr activity during the second and fourth weeks of drug treatment. Blood loss was significantly greater during treatment with all 3 active preparations than during the pretreatment period, but this comparison is of limited value because placebo was not given in parallel and because in 4 subjects, who had to have their erythrocytes relabelled, there was no pretreatment data. The tiaprofenic acid SA group had consistently lower blood loss than the tiaprofenic acid tablet group. Both these groups also had consistently lower blood loss than the indomethacin SR group, although the difference between the treatment groups was not significant. Blood loss during the fourth week of treatment was less than during the second week of treatment for both the tiaprofenic acid SA and indomethacin SR capsule groups. With tiaprofenic acid tablets, blood loss was very similar at weeks 2 and 4 but this result should be viewed with caution because data at week 2 were missing for 3 subjects. Thus, formulation of tiaprofenic acid as a sustained action capsule does not appear to increase gastric irritancy as measured by faecal blood loss. PMID- 3258816 TI - Sex difference in epidermal growth factor receptor levels in rat liver plasma membrane. AB - The specific binding of [125I]epidermal growth factor [( 125I]EGF) to hepatic microsomal membranes was about 2-fold higher in adult male than in adult female rats. Scatchard analysis of the binding data showed that the sex difference in EGF binding was due to the difference in EGF receptor concentration rather than to a change in receptor affinity. From the developmental study, an apparent sex difference in EGF binding was observed from the pubertal period (4 weeks of age). Castration of adult male rats slightly, but significantly, decreased the EGF receptor level; and moreover, treatment of adult females with testosterone increased it only slightly. On the other hand, castration of neonatal male rats decreased the EGF receptor content almost to the female level. The decreased level of the receptor was completely restored by the combination of neonatal and pubertal treatments with testosterone. Neonatal or pubertal treatment alone of castrated animals had no significant effect on the decreased level of EGF receptors. These effects of testosterone were similarly observed when normal female rats were treated with the steroid. Moreover, hypophysectomy of the rats resulted in the marked decrease in EGF receptors only in the male animals. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with either testosterone or T3 had no apparent effect on the EGF receptors. The membrane protein, cross-linked with [125I]EGF, had a mol wt of 170,000, and this protein (EGF receptor) was phosphorylated basally or by the addition of EGF. The rate of affinity labeling, or phosphorylation of EGF receptors, was in good agreement with the results of the EGF binding study. These results strongly suggest that the EGF receptor level in rat liver plasma membranes is in part regulated by the hypothalamopituitary unit and that neonatal androgens are essential for this regulation, probably through their effects on the hypothalamus. PMID- 3258817 TI - Iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity in the amphibian Rana catesbeiana at different stages of the life cycle. AB - In a previous study, 5' deiodinase (5'D) activity was detected in skin but not in other tissues of premetamorphic tadpoles. When these tadpoles were stimulated to metamorphic climax by treatment with thyroid hormone, activity was increased in skin and was found also in gut and tail tissue. In the present study, 5'D activity was studied at various stages of spontaneous development from early prometamorphosis through metamorphic climax and including the adult frog. 5'D activity was detected in gut and skin at all stages studied and in metamorphosing tail tissue. It was minimal or absent in all other tissues examined. Activity in prometamorphic skin was comparable to that previously observed in premetamorphic skin but increased significantly during metamorphic climax and remained at this level in the adult. 5'D activity was not observed in tail tissue until resorption commenced and when present could not be correlated with tadpole stage or tail length. In both skin and tail, the 5'D activity exhibited values for Michaelis Menten constant (Km) for rT3 and T4 in the nanomolar range. During prometamorphosis, the 5'D activity in gut exhibited a value for the rT3 Km in the micromolar range. As the tadpoles entered metamorphic climax, the rT3 Vmax of this activity in gut decreased and a second type of 5'D activity, with a Km for rT3 in the nanomolar range, was detected in this tissue. By stage XXI, only the latter component was observed, and its activity increased significantly during metamorphic climax. In the adult frog, 5'D activity in gut was comparable to that seen at the onset of climax. The adult frog also exhibited T3 5D activity in all tissues studied. These observations, together with those reported in the previous study, indicate that gut and skin are the principal T3-generating organs in anuran amphibia and suggest that increased activity of the 5'D system, at the time in the life cycle that the tissues require increased amounts of thyroid hormone, is an important part of thyroid hormone economy in this species. PMID- 3258818 TI - The effects of vitamin D metabolites on phospholipase A2 activity of growth zone and resting zone cartilage cells in vitro. AB - Third passage confluent cultures of cartilage cells, initially derived from the growth zone (GC) and resting zone (RC) of rat costochondral cartilage, were incubated with either 10(-11)-10(-8) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] or 10(-9)-10(-6) M 24,25-(OH)2D3. Plasma membranes and extracellular matrix vesicles were isolated, and specific activities of phospholipase A2 and alkaline phosphatase were determined. The results demonstrate that the response to hormone is both cell and membrane specific. 1,25-(OH)2D3 produces an increase in GC matrix vesicle alkaline phosphatase and phospholipase A2 specific activities at 10(-9) and 10(-8) M, but has no effect on these enzyme activities in RC membranes. RC cultured in 24,25-(OH)2D3 exhibit increased matrix vesicle alkaline phosphatase but decreased phospholipase A2 activities at 10(-7) and 10(-6) M hormone. No effect on the RC plasma membrane enzymes or on GC plasma membrane or matrix vesicle enzymes was observed. The data suggest that changes in membrane fluidity due to phospholipase A2 activity may play a role in regulating alkaline phosphatase activity in response to vitamin D metabolites and that this regulation in GC and RC may proceed by different mechanisms. PMID- 3258819 TI - Structure and pre-B lymphocyte restricted expression of the VpreB in humans and conservation of its structure in other mammalian species. AB - DNA from several mammals, including humans, was found to contain one or more restriction enzyme digested DNA fragments which hybridized to the mouse VpreB gene under stringencies demonstrating at least 70% nucleotide sequence homologies, indicating that the VpreB locus may be widespread and highly conserved among mammals. A human VpreB genomic clone was isolated and sequenced. Two exons and the intervening intron are spaced almost identically as in the mouse VpreB1 gene, and show 76% sequence homology to the mouse gene. As in the mouse VpreB1 gene, the 5' end of the human VpreB gene contains characteristic features of Ig domains, while the 3' end is Ig non-related. This 3' Ig non related structure of the VpreB gene(s) may, therefore, have existed before the speciation of humans and mice over 65 million years ago. Sequences encoding the entire putative second framework region and a stretch in the third framework region are identical in human and mouse VpreB. the human VpreB gene appears to be selectively expressed in human pre-B cell lines as an 0.85 kb poly(A)+ RNA. Its expression promises to be a useful marker for the detection of normal and malignant human pre-B lymphocytes. PMID- 3258820 TI - Primary structure of the human, membrane-associated Ca2+-binding protein p68 a novel member of a protein family. AB - cDNA clones encoding human 'p68', a membrane-associated Ca2+-binding protein, were isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library of the human T-leukaemia cell line J6, by using a rabbit antiserum against denatured purified lymphocyte p68, and from a liver cDNA library by using 32P-labelled p68 cDNA fragments. The amino acid sequence of p68, deduced from the sequences of overlapping cDNA clones, is described. The results show that p68 is closely related to a family of proteins which includes intracellular substrates of the EGF receptor and pp60src tyrosine kinases. The p68 amino acid sequence is internally repetitive, being constructed from eight repeats of varying lengths, each of which contains a highly conserved sequence. Multiple copies of the latter sequence are also present in the related proteins p36, lipocortin I and protein II. We discuss how the common structural features of these proteins may reflect common functions and, furthermore, how the eight repeat structure of p68 may have evolved. The sequences of independent cDNAs suggest that alternatively-spliced mRNAs could encode different p68 protein species. This suggestion is consistent with the observation that purified p68 migrates as a closely-spaced doublet when analysed by SDS-PAGE. PMID- 3258821 TI - Regulation of collagen metabolism and cell growth by epidermal growth factor and ascorbate in cultured human skin fibroblasts. AB - Epidermal growth factor (2-50 ng/ml), prepared from mouse submaxillary glands, stimulated growth and the synthesis of non-collagenous proteins and hyaluronic acid, but inhibited collagen synthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts, both stimulation and inhibition being dose-dependent. All these effects may be intrinsic functions of the epidermal growth factor molecule, because these effects were cancelled by the co-presence of antiserum specific for epidermal growth factor and because they were also observed following the addition of human epidermal growth factor produced urogastrone cDNA. On the other hand, L-ascorbate (vitamin C) stimulated growth and collagen synthesis, as well as synthesis of non collagenous proteins, with no significant effect on hyaluronic acid synthesis. Co presence of epidermal growth factor and ascorbate gave additive effects on growth and protein synthesis of the cells. These results suggest that the two growth promoting factors, epidermal growth factor and L-ascorbate, modulate metabolism of extracellular matrix components as well as cell growth in a quite different manner in human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 3258822 TI - Oxygen concentration regulates the proliferative response of human fibroblasts to serum and growth factors. AB - This report demonstrates that oxygen concentration within the physiologic range of 2.5 to 20% controls the pattern of proliferation of human diploid fibroblasts by modulating their response to serum and purified growth factors. Reducing oxygen concentration from 20 to 2.5% increased the division rate and final density of fibroblasts cultured in serum-containing medium. DNA synthesis in response to serum, as well as to EGF and PDGF, was enhanced significantly. Exposing quiescent cells to reduced oxygen enhanced serum-induced DNA synthesis in a time-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect persisted when the oxygen concentration was raised to ambient levels before the addition of serum. These results suggest that oxygen concentration within the physiologic range may control proliferation indirectly by altering the activity of a stable intermediate that regulates the cellular response to growth factors. PMID- 3258823 TI - Requirement of mitoses for the reversal of X-inactivation in cell hybrids between murine embryonal carcinoma cells and normal female thymocytes. AB - By means of a 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and acridine orange fluorescence staining method we studied reactivation of the inactivated X chromosome (Xi) in newly formed cell hybrids between the near-diploid HPRT deficient OTF9-63 murine embryonal carcinoma cell (ECC) with an XO sex chromosome constitution and the normal female mouse thymocyte. As reported earlier, most near-tetraploid hybrid cells were ECC in morphology and retained all chromosomes from both parents including three X chromosomes. Synchronization of the late replicating X chromosome in such hybrid cells, indicative of reactivation, was found for the first time on Day 3, and the frequency of reactivation was attained 90% on Day 5. Inhibition of cell cycle progression either by methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) dihydrochloride, an inhibitor of polyamine metabolism, or by isoleucine-deficient medium after cell fusion delayed reactivation of the Xi, which implied that the number of cell division cycles traversed by individual cells rather than the length of time after cell fusion is critical for the reactivation. Double-labeling experiments using [3H]thymidine and BrdU indicated that hybrid cells had undergone three or four mitoses before reactivation of the Xi. Most probably reactivation of the Xi is consequent to reversion of the thymocyte genome to an undifferentiated state under the influence of OTF9 genome. DNA demethylation or dilution of Xi-specific factors by mitoses may be involved in this process. PMID- 3258824 TI - Growth of murine multipotent stem cells in a simple "serum-free" culture system: role of interleukin-3, erythropoietin, and hemin. AB - The growth requirements of normal murine marrow-derived multipotent stem cells (CFU-GEMM) in a simple clonal cell culture system substantially devoid of exogenous serum proteins was assessed. The ability of murine interleukin-3 (Il 3), recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO), and a crystalline preparation of the protoporphyrin hemin to support colony growth in "serum-free" cultures was examined by titration. The results suggest that both Il-3 and hemin are limiting for multipotential colony growth in "serum-free" cultures, but that EPO is not. In addition, the "sensitivity" of CFU-GEMM to each growth factor appeared to increase in the "serum-free" environment as evidenced by a "shift-to-the-left" in all the titration curves. Nearly half of the GEMM colonies grew to full maturity in the absence of exogenous EPO. Given the optimal concentration of each growth factor, high colony growth was consistently observed in the "serum-free" cultures, with a range from 65% to 119% of the serum control level. It is therefore concluded that supplementation of murine marrow cultures with Il-3 and hemin alone may provide the necessary setting for studying the factors that modulate the growth of multipotent stem cells in a serum-free environment. PMID- 3258825 TI - The dimer of hemoregulatory peptide (HP5B) stimulates mouse and human myelopoiesis in vitro. AB - A synthetic analogue of a pentapeptide associated with mature granulocytes has been described earlier and shown to suppress myelopoietic colony formation in vitro in concentrations from 10(-13) to 10(-6) M. By oxidation of the peptide, a dimer will rapidly occur by formation of disulfide bridges between cysteine residues. We here demonstrate that this dimer has the opposite effects of the monomer. For both mouse and human granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM), a dose-dependent enhancement of colony formation was observed in the dose range 10(-16) to 10(-5) M, where a saturation level was reached above 10(-8) M. At low doses of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) and in the linear stimulating phase, an up to ten times increase of colony formation was seen, whereas at higher doses the effect was less pronounced. Also at the plateau level of CSA stimulation an increased colony yield was seen. All types of colonies were stimulated. The dimer itself had no colony-stimulating factor activity and was not toxic to bone marrow cells in suspension cultures up to 24 h. Upon reduction of the dimer by use of sulfhydryl compounds, inhibitory effects on CFU-GM were restored. The peptide had no effect on the phagocytic process in human granulocytes, including attachment and internalization of bacteria or Zymosan particles. The monomerdimer equilibrium of hemoregulatory peptide may constitute a new mechanism for proliferative regulation of myelopoietic cells. PMID- 3258826 TI - Failure to demonstrate complement activation during bronchial challenge test. AB - In order to demonstrate a possible complement activation during early bronchospastic reaction in asthma, we have measured plasmatic C3d (a split product of C3) and the C3d/C3 index, both of which are sensitive indices of complement activation. Twenty-nine allergenic bronchial challenge tests were accomplished, with an absence of response in six cases, an early reaction in sixteen cases and a dual reaction in seven cases. Changes in plasmatic C3d or C3d/C3 five min after an early reaction, or five min after the last dose of allergen (in the six cases without bronchial response) were insignificant. However, complement activation in the lungs during asthmatic reaction cannot be completely excluded without studies using the bronchoalveolar technique. PMID- 3258828 TI - [Effect of marcaine and its derivative on the transmembrane potentials of the myocardial cells in the frog ventricle]. AB - During experiments on strips of the frog ventricular myocardium and venous sinuses it was shown that marcaine and its derivative suppress the spontaneous activity of pacemaker cells, increase the threshold of occurrence of potentials of action and the minimal period of assimilation of forced excitations. These effects are dose-dependent and increase at a rise of stimulation frequency. Its derivative was inferior by effect intensity as compared with marcaine, it failed to exert a strong suppressive effect on the amplitude and duration of potentials of action. PMID- 3258827 TI - [Pharmacological analysis of the participation of serotonin in the central mechanisms of the development of a neurogenic stomach lesion in the rat]. AB - The involvement of the central serotoninergic structures in the development of neurogenic gastric lesions caused by a 3-hour electrostimulation of immobilized rats was shown. D,L-5-hydroxytryptophan exerted no protective effect on the formation of destructive lesions of the gastric mucosa. Deseril and BC-15 (Pizotifen, Sandomigran) significantly reduced the formation of hemorrhagic erosions and prevented a decrease of serotonin and noradrenaline levels and creatine phosphate content in the brain tissue. PMID- 3258829 TI - [Effect of hydroxymethyluracil on the course of experimental pancreatitis in the rat]. AB - Experiments were carried out on 150 male rats weighing 200-250 g and 42 white mice weighing 18-20 g by using two models of acute pancreatitis, two models of inflammation and studying osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. In experimental pancreatitis hydroxymethyluracil (50 mg/kg) decreased the blood lipase activity. The therapeutic effect of the agent is related to its anti-inflammatory and membrane-protecting properties. PMID- 3258830 TI - Fluorescence digital image analysis of the inositol trisphosphate-mediated calcium transient in single permeabilized parietal cells. AB - The myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ mobilization in single saponin-permeabilized and fura-2-loaded parietal cells was analysed by a fluorescence digital image processor. When the cells were incubated with ATP, free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) increased in some restricted cytoplasmic regions showing discontinuous plateau and in the peripheral cytoplasm showing continuous [Ca2+]i gradient towards the plasma membranes. When treated with IP3, the high plateau enlarged to the entire cytoplasm and (a) new higher plateau(s) appeared and enlarged again in a transient manner. The IP3-induced Ca2+ transient was also observed by fluorescence microphotometry of the single cells or by fluorescence spectrophotometry and 45Ca2+ uptake experiment of the cell population. PMID- 3258831 TI - The amino acid substitutions of human alpha 1-antitrypsin M3, X and Z. AB - alpha 1-Antitrypsin has been isolated from individuals with inherited genetic variants M3, X and Z. A fragmentation and peptide mapping system is described which together with amino acid and sequence analyses revealed the substitutions in M3 at 376 of Glu to Asp, in X at 204 of Glu to Lys and in the physiologically innocent Z a mutation at 213 of Val to Ala. The latter represents a second amino acid substitution in the Z protein. PMID- 3258832 TI - Modulation of HLA antigens in response to the binding of epidermal growth factor by A431 cells. AB - In a previous study [(1984) J. Cell Biol. 98, 725-731] we showed that the level of human MHC, HLA antigens on A431 carcinoma cells is reduced after these cells bind epidermal growth factor (EGF). Here we use flow cytometry to determine the effects of various doses and times of EGF treatment on HLA expression. We then show that the reduction in HLA expression is associated with a reduction in the level of phosphorylation of immunoprecipitable surface HLA antigens, although longer exposure of cells with EGF increased both surface HLA expression and their phosphorylation levels. Lateral diffusion of HLA antigens is lower in EGF-treated than in control cells. The lower diffusion coefficients measured may be causally related to the decreased phosphorylation of HLA antigens. PMID- 3258833 TI - Serine proteinase inhibitor from lymphocytic leukemia cells. Properties and copurification with DNA. AB - A trypsin inhibitor was isolated from mouse lymphocytic leukemia L 1210 cells by ammonium sulphate precipitation and preparative isoelectric focusing. A 39-fold purification was attained. The inhibitor is a protein since its activity is destroyed by pronase and it binds to insolubilized trypsin. Two main forms of the inhibitor were found of pH 4.8 and 5.3. The inhibitor is copurified with DNA, although neither DNase II nor RNase A change its activity. PMID- 3258834 TI - Proteinuria and activated T-lymphocytes in diabetic nephropathy. AB - The reasons for the presence of activated T-lymphocytes (ATL) in some long standing insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients are unknown. These cells have been implicated in the genesis of proteinuria in some forms of immune-mediated renal disease. We measured ATL in 18 IDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy, 10 with nonnephrotic proteinuria (total urinary protein excretion rate greater than 0.5 and less than 3.5 g/24 h) and 8 with nephrotic proteinuria (total urinary protein excretion rate greater than 3.5 g/24 h), and in 17 age-, sex-, and duration-of-diabetes-matched diabetic control subjects without clinical proteinuria (total urinary protein less than 0.5 g/24 h). T-lymphocytes purified from peripheral blood were stained by direct immunofluorescence with the fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody anti-HLA-DR. Absolute number and percent of DR-positive T-lymphocytes were significantly higher in patients with nonnephrotic proteinuria (median and range 162 x 10(6)/ml, 40-320 x 10(6)/ml; 13.9%, 8.1-19.4%) compared with nonproteinuric control subjects (81 x 10(6)/ml, 2 240 x 10(6)/ml, P less than .05; 6.2%, 0-13.1%, P less than .01). In 8 patients with nephrotic proteinuria, absolute and percent DR-positive T-lymphocytes tended to be lower (36 x 10(6)/ml, 14-56 x 10(6)/ml; 3.4%, 1.1-5.4%) than in nonproteinuric control subjects. An increased number of activated T-lymphocytes may be part of an immune-mediated process associated with the development of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. In advanced renal disease with nephrotic proteinuria, this immune process may become exhausted. PMID- 3258835 TI - Angiographic diagnosis of gastric volvulus with report of a complication following left gastric artery embolization. AB - Gastric volvulus is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract obstruction and may present as acute UGI hemorrhage. The angiographic findings of gastric volvulus are discussed and a report of a complication of embolization of the left gastric artery in unsuspected mesenteroaxial stomach volvulus is given. PMID- 3258836 TI - Histology of alcoholic hemorrhagic "gastritis": a prospective evaluation. AB - The term "hemorrhagic gastritis" is frequently applied to the subepithelial hemorrhages seen at endoscopy in alcoholic patients without a clear understanding of the histologic nature of these lesions. We prospectively screened 125 actively drinking alcoholic patients undergoing upper endoscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastric subepithelial hemorrhages were found in 20 of these patients. Biopsy specimens of hemorrhagic lesions and nonhemorrhagic mucosa 1 and 3 cm away were taken with a "jumbo" forceps. Gastric biopsy specimens from 12 patients with Barrett's esophagus served as controls for biopsy-induced trauma. Biopsy slides from the patients and controls were coded before histologic scoring. Mean hemorrhage scores (range, 0-4) for the target lesions (2.9 +/- 0.3) were significantly greater than scores for the adjacent mucosa (1 cm, 1.0 +/- 0.2; 3 cm, 1.1 +/- 0.2) or control biopsy specimens (0.8 +/- 0.1). Hemorrhage was superficial, occurring primarily in the foveolar region. Mucosal edema (score range, 0-4) was a prominent feature in the adjacent, nonhemorrhagic mucosa (target lesion, 0.7 +/- 0.2; 1 cm, 1.9 +/- 0.4; 3 cm, 2.0 +/- 0.3; controls, 0.8 +/- 0.1). Edema extended into the deeper gland zones in 11 of 20 patients but in none of the 12 controls (p less than 0.05). Inflammatory cell infiltrates were mild and scores did not vary significantly among the three biopsy sites in alcoholic patients. We conclude that subepithelial hemorrhages seen at endoscopy in alcoholic patients represent localized hemorrhage of the foveolar region with edema in the surrounding mucosa but without prominent inflammatory cell infiltration. Rather than use the term "hemorrhagic gastritis," endoscopists should simply describe these lesions as subepithelial hemorrhages. PMID- 3258837 TI - In vitro inhibition of estradiol secretion of tadpole ovaries by cyanoketone. AB - We have demonstrated the presence of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activity in tadpole ovaries of Rana catesbeiana. In the present study, we wish to determine whether estradiol (E2) secretion of tadpole ovaries could be influenced by cyanoketone (CK), a specific inhibitor of delta 5-3 beta-HSD. R catesbeina tadpoles at the premetamorphic climax were used, and pooled ovaries were incubated, 30 mg/tube, with CK at dosages of 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 micrograms/ml of Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer for 6 hr. Media were collected for assay of E2 by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results showed an inhibition of E2 secretion by CK that was positively correlated with CK dosage, but plateaued at doses of 0.1 microgram/ml and higher. This finding was comparable to that of G.F. Young, H. Kagawa, and Y. Nagahama (1982, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 47, 357-360) on adult fish ovaries. However, adult vertebrates depend on gonadotropins to regulate secretion of E2 while tadpoles, being immature, might secrete E2 independently of pituitaries. When the histochemical test for delta 5-3 beta-HSD activity was performed on in vitro CK-treated ovaries, there was a decrease of enzyme activity by CK. The RIA and histochemical findings may contribute to the concept of sex transformation in which a disturbance of steroidogenesis may induce sex reversal from females to males, at least in tadpoles. PMID- 3258838 TI - Relationship between estradiol-17 beta seasonal profile and annual vitellogenin content of liver, fat body, plasma, and ovary in the frog (Rana esculenta). AB - The seasonal plasma estradiol-17 beta (E2-17 beta) profile and annual vitellogenin content of liver, fat body, plasma, and ovary were investigated in Rana esculenta. Concomitant with the increase in E2-17 beta, vitellogenin peaked in liver, plasma, and ovary during autumn and winter, while it remained at a relatively high concentration in fat body during spring. In vitro experiments showed that E2-17 beta (10(-9) M) is ineffective in inducing vitellogenin production in fat body, but is effective in inducing vitellogenin production in liver. As fat bodies do not produce the vitellogenin they contain, we suggest that fat bodies are involved in the transfer of vitellogenin to the ovary. PMID- 3258839 TI - [Drug-induced suppression of sexual functions. A physician survey of the incidence of reported sexual effects caused by antihypertensive and anti-ulcer drugs]. PMID- 3258840 TI - Comparison of solcoseryl and epidermal growth factors (EGF) in healing of chronic gastroduodenal ulcerations and mucosal growth in rats. AB - Solcoseryl, a deproteinized extract of calf blood, and EGF, produced by salivary glands, have been shown to enhance the healing of peptic ulcerations, but the mechanism of this effect is unknown. Since both solcoseryl and EGF have been reported to stimulate cell proliferation, we designed the study to compare the ulcer healing and growth promoting actions of these two agents in the same animals. Gastric and duodenal ulcerations were produced by serosal application of 100% acetic acid on an area of 13.8 mm2 of gastric and duodenal wall, respectively. In the control animals, 7 days after ulcer induction, the mean ulcer area was reduced to 7.1 +/- 1.2 mm2 in the stomach, and to 6.1 +/- 0.8 mm2 in the duodenum. After 14 days all ulcers were healed, both in the stomach and duodenum. Oral administration of solcoseryl (10 ml/kg-day) or EGF (30 micrograms/kg-day) for 7 days after ulcer induction resulted in a significant reduction in the ulcer area in the stomach, and to a greater extent in the duodenum. This enhancement of ulcer healing by solcoseryl was accompanied by a significant increase in the weight of the duodenal mucosa and the total contents of DNA and RNA after 7 days of treatment, and in the weight and nucleic acid contents in both the gastric and duodenal mucosa after 14 days of treatment. EGF also increased the weights and the nucleic acid contents in gastric and duodenal mucosa, but this was significant only after 14 days of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258841 TI - Molecular characterization of ataxia telangiectasia T cell clones. II. The clonal inv(14) in ataxia telangiectasia differs from the inv(14) in T cell lymphoma. AB - We compared inversions of chromosome 14 in an ataxia telangiectasia clone and in a malignant T cell line (SUP-T1). The R-banding chromosome analysis showed a clear difference between the distal breakpoint of the two inversions. Fine mapping of the distal breakpoint in the ataxia telangiectasia inv(14) was performed by in situ hybridization. We conclude that this breakpoint is centromeric to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus and to the D14S1 anonymous locus. Our results favor the existence of an unknown oncogene in band 14q32.1. PMID- 3258842 TI - Suppression of liver regeneration resulting from intravenous injection of splenic glass adherent cells activated by poly I:C. AB - Syngeneic spleen cells (SPCs) were treated with poly I:C in the presence of DEAE dextran for 2 h in vitro for their activation (IC-SPCs). When these IC-SPCs were inoculated into 70% partially hepatectomized mice, liver regeneration of the mice was strongly suppressed. The extent of suppression was dependent upon the number of injected cells and upon the concentration of poly I:C for in vitro treatment. Among IC-SPCs, the suppressive activity was predominantly caused by splenic glass adherent cells pretreated with poly I:C (IC-SACs) than by pretreated splenic T cells (IC-T). IC-SACs additionally cultured without poly I:C for 24 h lost their suppressive activity; however, when they were cultured in the presence of indomethacin, they could retain their activity, and interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity in culture supernatant was greater in the group cultured with indomethacin than without it. These results suggest that the suppressive activity of IC-SACs was not solely caused by the poly I:C carried into the mice with IC-SACs but by the activated IC-SACs themselves. The peak of liver cell mitosis in mice injected with IC-SACs was delayed 24 h as compared with non-injected groups, but IC-SACs injected mice did not lose their regenerative potential. These findings demonstrate that the activated immune system may have some regulatory effects on liver regeneration. PMID- 3258843 TI - cDNA clones coding for the complete murine B chain of complement C1q: nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences. AB - We have isolated cDNA clones covering the complete B chain of the complement subunit C1q from mouse; this subunit initiates the classical complement pathway. Deoxynucleotide sequence analysis shows that these clones contain 156 nucleotides of the 5' untranslated region, followed by sequences coding for the 25 amino acids of the signal peptide, all of the 228 amino acids of the mature protein and 140 nucleotides of the 3' untranslated region, including a poly A addition signal. The coding region for the mature protein contains 261 nucleotides for the Gly-X-Y repeat and 408 nucleotides for the globular portion of C1q. By comparing the nucleotide sequence of the mouse B chain of C1q with the B chain from human (Reid, K. B. M., 1985, Biochem. J. 231, 729), we find a high homology (80%) within the mature protein, a lower homology within the signal peptide (59%) and the 3' untranslated region (47%) and no homology (26%) in the 5' untranslated region. PMID- 3258844 TI - Specific inhibition of OKT8 binding to peripheral blood mononuclear cells by jacalin. AB - Human T-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to study the interactions between the binding of jacalin to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the immunoregulatory molecules displayed at the surface of T cells. Jacalin inhibits the binding of OKT8 (anti-CD8) to both fresh PBMC and jacalin-induced T cell blasts. In both cases the binding of anti-CD3 (OKT3) or anti-CD4 (OKT4) was not affected by the lectin. The effect of jacalin on OKT8 binding is abolished by 1-O-alpha-D-methylgalactopyranoside, suggesting its mediation by the lectin saccharide combining sites. Preincubation experiments indicated that the inhibitory effect of jacalin is due to a competition between the lectin and the monoclonal antibody. The effect of the lectin could also be reversed by increasing concentrations of the monoclonal antibody. Taken together this data demonstrates a specific inhibition of OKT8 (anti-CD8) binding by jacalin. This effect is mediated by the binding of the lectin to structures on the cell surface, perhaps the CD8 antigen. The data also points to the discovery of a new mitogen that could be useful for studying the physiological role of CD8 on T cell responses. PMID- 3258846 TI - In vivo follow up of the cytotoxic effect of ricin toxin vectorized by multivalent hybrid antibody on target cells. AB - A multivalent hybrid antibody complex composed of two IgG molecules specific for ricin toxin and two specific for the H-2 antigens of murine leukemia EL4 cells, cross-linked by SpA, was used as vector of the toxin to the target cells. The high affinity of the hybrid antibody for the specific antigens achieved an efficient attachment to the EL4 cell membrane and binding of ricin toxin; this high-molecular-weight complex, introduced by endocytosis into the leukemic cell cytoplasm, was able to specifically deliver the toxin to the target cells. The effect of multivalent hybrid antibody-vectorized toxin was followed up in vivo. This method enabled determination of the proportion of killed cells (over 90% after a single treatment of leukemic cells or about 99% after double treatment). The presence of a low proportion of tumoral cells maintaining their proliferative capacity is discussed. PMID- 3258845 TI - Influence of genotype on the phospholipid fatty acid composition of splenic T and B lymphocytes in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice. AB - The MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice manifest a T cell proliferative and autoimmune disorder. Similar changes occur much later in the life of MRL/MpJ-+/+ mice. MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (lpr/lpr) and MRL/MpJ-+/+ (+/+) mice were fed for six weeks nutritionally adequate semipurified diets containing 20% (w/w) fat, but differing in linoleic acid content. The phospholipid fatty acid composition of T and B cells was found to be dependent on genetic background of mice and level of linoleic acid in the diet. Changes in the levels of specific fatty acids like 16:0, 18:2 omega 6, 22:5 omega 3 and 22:6 omega 3 in some of the phospholipid components were observed in the MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr strain in both the B and T cell types as compared with their normal +/+ counterpart strain. T cells of lpr/lpr mice exhibited significantly higher levels of 20:4 omega 6 than did T cells of other strain. High levels of dietary linoleic acid significantly increased incorporation of 18:2 omega 6 in T and B cells, while the effect on other fatty acids of the two types of cells varied with the phospholipid classes and fatty acids when compared with the low linoleic acid fed-group. Differences observed in the phospholipid fatty acid composition of the T and B cells of the congenic mice might contribute to differences in rate of progression of age-related changes suggesting that the autoimmune disorder might be mitigated by dietary manipulation. PMID- 3258847 TI - Alcoholism among inpatients in a general hospital in Barcelona, Spain. AB - This cross-sectional study in a general hospital revealed that 37.5% of inpatients were alcoholics, excessive drinkers, or probable alcoholics; when only males were considered, that proportion increased to 61.3%. Most of the physical disorders were associated with the amount of alcohol consumed. The age-adjusted mortality rate in the hospital was three times higher in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics. A large number of alcohol problems were not detected by the patients' medical team. An interview about alcohol and drug consumption, the CAGE, the MAST Brief, and the MALT were utilized to diagnose alcoholism; for our population, the former was shown as the most effective instrument. PMID- 3258848 TI - Immunologic studies in Darier's disease. AB - Humoral and cellular immunity were evaluated in 10 patients with Darier's disease. The mean levels of serum immunoglobulins, serum complement, peripheral macrophages, and peripheral B and T lymphocytes were within normal limits. Secretory IgA was present in all patients studied. Skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity revealed complete anergy in one of the eight patients tested. Lymphocyte transformation tests revealed statistically significant enhanced responsiveness to both PHA and ConA mitogens in several concentrations studied. These findings may suggest either the existence of alterations in immunoregulation of lymphocyte subpopulations in Darier's disease or may be limited to alterations in membrane functions of certain lymphocyte subpopulations which can be detected only in vitro. The role that such immunologic aberrations may play in the pathogenesis of Darier's disease is still obscure. PMID- 3258849 TI - Postirradiation recovery of haemopoiesis in Steel mutant mice. AB - The recovery of haemopoiesis in Steel mutant mice following 1 Gy sublethal irradiation is described. Steel homozygotes (S1/S1) did not display the abortive phase of erythropoietic recovery while the secondary phase of erythropoietic recovery was more pronounced in S1/S1 than in control (+/+) animals. On the contrary, the neutrophilopoietic recovery in S1/S1 mice was defective only during the secondary phase of recovery. Steel heterozygotes (S1/+) manifested similar, albeit less pronounced, defects. In the course of studies of recovery of eosioniphils it was observed that neither wild-type nor mutant animals expressed the abortive rise. Moreover, the kinetics of recovery of eosinophils was essentially different from both erythropoietic and neutrophilopoietic recovery, and the preirradiation level was reached in both normal and mutant animals on day 60 postirradiation as opposed to 24 and 35 days for erythropoiesis and neutrophils respectively. PMID- 3258850 TI - Circadian rhythms in the incidence of apoptotic cells and number of clonogenic cells in intestinal crypts after radiation using normal and reversed light conditions. AB - Variations in the number of radiation-induced morphologically dead or dying cells (apoptotic cells) in the crypts in the small intestine of the mouse have been studied throughout a 24-h period under a normal light regimen (light on, 07.00 19.00 h; light off, 19.00-07.00 h). A clear circadian rhythm was displayed in the apoptotic incidence 3 or 6 h after irradiation for each gamma-ray dose studied (range 0.14-9.0 Gy). The most prominent circadian rhythm was obtained after 0.5 Gy. The peak time of day for inducing apoptosis was 06.00-09.00 h, and the trough occurred at 18.00-21.00 h. Some mice were also transferred to a room with the light cycle reversed, and were irradiated on different days after the transfer. The apoptosis induced by 0.5 Gy or 9.0 Gy, or the number of surviving crypts (microcolonies) after 11.0 Gy or 13.0 Gy was examined. The transition point for reversal (i.e. the switch time from the normal-light pattern to the reversed light pattern) of the circadian rhythm in apoptosis (after 0.5 Gy) occurred 7 days after the transfer and the rhythm was reversed by 14 days. The rhythm for crypt survival (i.e. for clonogenic cell radiosensitivity) was disturbed on 1 day and the transition point for reversal occurred 3 days after the transfer. The rhythm became reversed by 7 days. These observations are discussed in relation to the identity of clonogenic cells, (functional) stem cells, proliferating transit cells and the cells sensitive to small doses of radiation (i.e. hypersensitive cells) in the crypt. PMID- 3258851 TI - Variation through the cell cycle in the dose-response of DNA neutral filter elution in X-irradiated synchronous CHO-cells. AB - Dose-response curves for DNA neutral (pH 9.6) filter elution were obtained with synchronized CHO cells exposed to X-rays at various phases of the cell cycle. The dose response was similar in synchronized and plateau-phase G1 cells, as well as in cells that were arrested at the G1/S border using aphidicolin; it flattened as cells progressed into S phase and reached a minimum in the middle of this phase. An increase in DNA elution dose response, to values only slightly lower than those obtained with G1 cells, was observed as cells entered G2 phase. Significant alterations in the sedimentation properties of the DNA during S phase were also observed in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells using the neutral sucrose gradient centrifugation technique. A significant proportion of the DNA from S cells irradiated with 10 Gy sedimented at speeds (350S-700S) well above the maximum sedimentation speed expected for free sedimenting DNA molecules (Smax = 350S), indicating the formation of a DNA complex. DNA from G1, G1/S, or G2 + M cells sedimented as expected for free sedimenting molecules. These results indicate significant alterations in the physicochemical properties of the DNA--probably caused by DNA replication-associated alterations in DNA structure and chromatin conformation--as cells enter S phase, and are invoked to explain the observed variation in DNA elution dose response throughout the cycle. It is proposed that the formation of a complex DNA structure, resistant to the proteolytic enzymes and detergents used, affected the elution characteristics of the DNA and gave rise to the observed curvilinear DNA elution dose-response curves, as well as to the fluctuations in elution characteristics observed throughout the cell cycle. PMID- 3258852 TI - The effect of combined heat and ultrasound on multicellular tumour spheroids. AB - The effect of combined ultrasound and heat treatments on Chinese hamster multicellular spheroids of varying size was investigated using growth rate, single cell survival and ultrastructural damage as endpoints. Ultrasonic irradiation at 37 degrees C had no effect on the growth rate of 200-730 microns spheroids. Similarly there was no effect on the growth rate of 350 microns spheroids when irradiated during a 60 min exposure to 41.5 degrees C. However, spheroids of 200-700 mm diameter showed growth delay when held at 43 degrees C for 1 h. The effect was enhanced with concomitant ultrasound irradiation but was not dependent on spheroid size. When 200 and 400 microns spheroids held at 43 degrees C for 60 min were irradiated with different ultrasonic intensities a dose dependent decrease in surviving fraction and a dose-dependent increase in growth delay was obtained. When surviving fraction was plotted as a function of growth delay a good correlation was obtained, suggesting that the combination of heat and ultrasound irradiation does not produce cytostasis in the surviving cells of either 200 or 400 microns spheroids. At the ultrastructural level increased cytoplasmic vacuolation was the only result of ultrasonic irradiation at 37 degrees C. Exposure to 43 degrees C for 60 min was required to elicit thermal damage. This took the form of membrane evagination at the spheroid surface, vacuolation of the cytoplasm, grouping of organelles around the periphery of the nucleus, and fragmentation of the nucleolus. These effects were enhanced with concomitant ultrasonic irradiation but other features were also noted, viz. disaggregation of polyribosomes, dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and blebbing of the nuclear membrane. Damage was independent of spheroid size. These results are in agreement with previous data obtained from single-cell studies. Indicating that there is a non-thermal, non-cavitational component to the cell killing in multicellular spheroids resulting from combined heat and ultrasound treatment. PMID- 3258853 TI - Enhanced glycosylation of a 50 kD protein during development of thermotolerance in CHO cells. AB - During the development of thermotolerance, Chinese hamster ovary cells not only synthesized classical heat shock proteins, but also incorporated [3H]D-glucose or mannose into a glycoprotein with a Mr of approximately 50 kD. The glycosylation of the 50 kD protein correlated with the expression of thermotolerance under conditions when tolerance was induced either by acute or chronic heat conditioning. A phosphoprotein with the same molecular weight as the 50 kD glycoprotein was dephosphorylated immediately after heat conditioning. Both phosphate and glucose label in the ion front were enhanced immediately after heating, and may represent elevated levels of sugar phosphates. However, the composition of the ion front material remains to be determined. The data are consistent with a hypothesis that attributes increased heat resistance of thermotolerant cells to the glycosylation of specific heat-sensitive cellular sites. PMID- 3258854 TI - Do lethal mutations influence radiation transformation frequencies? PMID- 3258855 TI - Side-to-side mesocaval shunt in portal hypertension. AB - Eighty-five consecutive patients underwent side-to-side mesocaval shunt with a success rate of 98.8% and a 30-day hospital mortality of 2.4%. Eighty cases were followed up for three months to eight years, eight died, encephalopathy occurred in three (4.3%), rebleeding in five, ascites in two and lower leg edema in three. A long history of hepatitis and impairment of liver function were the common features of dying patients. The rebleeding rate was 8.5%. Liver function had a significant influence on the outcome of treatment. PMID- 3258856 TI - The effect of cyclophosphamide on B cells and 'background' immunoglobulin secreting cells in mice. AB - The influence of cyclophosphamide (CY) was studied on the B-cell compartment of mice. This was done at five different levels: (a) the serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels; (b) the numbers of 'background' Ig-secreting cells; (c) the incidence of surface Ig+ B cells; (d) the capacity of lipopolysaccharide-reactive B cells to give rise to a polyclonal IgM- and IgG-response in vitro; and (e) the capacity of long-lived memory B cells to give rise to an adoptive anti-sheep red blood cell plaque-forming cell response in vivo. A single injection of 300 mg CY/kg body weight (BW) decreased the numbers of background IgM-, IgG- and IgA-secreting cells in spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes to minimum values of about 25% of normal at day 7. The incidence of surface Ig+ B cells also gradually decreased after CY treatment. The functional capacity of the B cells, however, was completely abolished one day after a single injection of 300 mg CY/kg BW. This was found for the lipopolysaccharide-reactive B cells, which largely represent newly formed, short-lived B cells as well as for long-lived memory B cells. The decrease of background Ig-secreting cells following a single injection of 300 mg CY/kg BW was followed by a gradual recovery with a substantial overshoot peaking about 40 days after CY injection. After multiple injections of 100 mg CY/kg BW, the minimum values of background Ig-secreting cells in the various lymphoid organs were lower than after a single injection of 300 mg CY/kg BW, but in this case the recovery was not associated with an overshoot reaction. Remarkably, the serum Ig levels were less profoundly affected than the numbers of Ig-secreting cells in the various lymphoid organs. PMID- 3258857 TI - Pharmacological inhibition of interleukin-1 activity on T cells by hydrocortisone, cyclosporine, prostaglandins, and cyclic nucleotides. AB - The effects of a panel of hormones and pharmacological agents on the activation of T cells by a combination of interleukin-1 and phytohemagglutinin (IL-1/PHA) was studied. Pharmacological effects on various stages of IL-1/PHA-induced interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by the cloned murine thymoma cell line LBRM-33 1A5.7 were dissected using a multi-step assay procedure. A 4-h lag phase in the kinetics of IL-2 production allowed the operational definition of an early, IL-1 dependent programming stage, followed by an IL-2-production stage of the assay. A cell-washing procedure between these stages was introduced in order to distinguish IL-1 receptor antagonists from functional IL-1/PHA antagonists. Hydrocortisone and cyclosporine were potent inhibitors (active in the nM range) of both stages of IL-2 production, suggesting that neither is an IL-1 receptor antagonist. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-elevating agents prostaglandin E2, dibutyryl cAMP, and theophylline inhibited IL-2 production during the early, IL-1-dependent programming stage. By contrast, prostaglandin F2 alpha and dibutyryl cyclic guanosine monophosphate did not appreciably inhibit IL 1/PHA activity. These results are discussed in relationship to the effects of these test agents in thymocyte IL-1 assays or mitogenesis assays and the implications toward understanding the mechanisms underlying IL-1/PHA activation of T cells. PMID- 3258858 TI - Cross-sectional study of blood pressure and electrocardiograms of forestry workers exposed to both noise and local vibration. PMID- 3258859 TI - Comparison of glycine enhancement with cefoxitin induction of class 1 beta lactamase production in Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047. AB - The presence of either glycine or cefoxitin in the growth medium resulted in an increase in the beta-lactamase activity of cultures of Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047. Although the beta-lactamases produced as a result of either glycine enhancement or cefoxitin induction were identical there were striking differences in the kinetics of beta-lactamase production. The increased production of beta lactamase which resulted from enhancement by glycine occurred late in the growth cycle whereas, with cefoxitin induction, the maximum production of beta-lactamase occurred early in logarithmic-phase growth. After the peak activity was reached the beta-lactamase activity appeared to decline with both processes. However, the mechanism of the apparent fall in the intracellular beta-lactamase activity was different with glycine enhancement and cefoxitin induction. In glycine enhanced cultures the fall presumably was due to leakage of intracellular beta-lactamase into the culture medium whereas with cefoxitin induced cultures there was dilution of beta-lactamase activity by bacterial protein derived from an increase in cell numbers after the cessation of induction. High extra-cellular levels of beta-lactamase activity were observed in cultures enhanced by glycine, whereas little beta-lactamase activity was detected in the medium when the cultures were induced by cefoxitin. The findings demonstrate that there are considerable differences between glycine enhancement and cefoxitin induction, but a final mechanism common to both processes exists which results in the production of identical beta-lactamases by E. cloacae ATCC 13047. PMID- 3258860 TI - The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae in Wales. Report from the Standing Specialist Advisory Group for Microbiology in Wales. AB - From January to April 1986 all 21 Clinical Microbiology Laboratories in Wales took part in a survey to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. All isolates were collected and despatched to a central laboratory where identification was confirmed and antibiotic sensitivity tests repeated. One thousand four hundred and forty strains were available for analysis. Resistance was present in 128 (8.9%) to ampicillin, 23 (1.6%) to cefaclor, 28 (1.7%) to chloramphenicol, 282 (19.6%) to erythromycin, 43 (3.0%) to tetracycline, 90 (6.2%) to sulphonamide and 66 (4.6%) to trimethoprim. One hundred and twenty-one strains (8.4%) were beta-lactamase producers. Thirteen (0.9%) were resistant to four or more antibiotics and included one type b strain isolated from cerebrospinal fluid resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim and sulphonamide. The prevalence of resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim was higher than that recorded previously in two large studies elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Ampicillin resistance was more common in strains from hospital inpatients than those from general practice. PMID- 3258861 TI - Ciprofloxacin treatment of Salmonella hadar epididymo-orchitis. PMID- 3258862 TI - A comparison of enoxacin and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections. AB - Fifty-six patients with complicated, recurrent urinary tract infections were entered in a study comparing the clinical and microbiological effectiveness of enoxacin with that of co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole). Forty-six patients (23 in each group) completed the study and, at the end of 14 days' treatment, all had negative urine cultures and were considered clinically cured. Microbiological cure was achieved in all 23 patients in the co-trimoxazole group and in 20 of 23 patients in the enoxacin group, the other three suffering reinfection approximately one week after the end of the treatment course. Ten patients (five in each group) did not complete the 14-day course of therapy: two because of negative initial cultures, one who was lost to follow-up, six because of adverse reactions, and one because of superinfection. Enoxacin is effective in treating complicated urinary tract infections caused by a variety of organisms and is comparable in effectiveness with co-trimoxazole. PMID- 3258863 TI - Enoxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. AB - Twenty patients admitted to hospital with serious lower respiratory tract infections entered an open study of 400 mg enoxacin given orally twice a day for a minimum of seven days. Clinical signs and symptoms were completely cured or improved in six of eight patients with pneumonia, in nine of ten patients with bronchitis, and in two patients with bronchiectasis. Enoxacin was effective in eradicating the initial pathogens in 10 of 12 patients with positive cultures. Enoxacin was well tolerated. Only one treatment-related side-effect was observed during the study. Nine patients received concurrent treatment with theophylline, but no signs of theophylline toxicity were seen. Enoxacin is a safe and effective alternative to parenteral treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. PMID- 3258864 TI - Localization of vitamin D3-responsive alkaline phosphatase in cultured chondrocytes. AB - Alkaline phosphatase activity appears to be altered when chondrocyte cultures are incubated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). This study examined whether the hormone-responsive enzyme activity is associated with alkaline phosphatase-enriched extracellular membrane organelles called matrix vesicles. Confluent, third passage cultures of rat costochondral growth cartilage (GC) or resting zone chondrocytes (RC) were incubated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25-(OH)2D3) and enzyme specific activity was assayed in the cell layer or in isolated matrix vesicle and plasma membrane fractions. Alkaline phosphatase-specific activity in the matrix vesicles was enriched at least 2-fold over that of the plasma membrane and 10-fold over that of the cell layer. Matrix vesicle alkaline phosphatase was stimulated by 1,25-(OH)2D3 in GC cultures and by 24,25-(OH)2D3 in RC cultures. The cell layer failed to reveal these subtle differences. 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased GC enzyme activity but the effect was one-half that observed in the matrix vesicles alone. No effect of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on enzyme activity of the RC cell layer or of 24,25-(OH)2D3 on either GC or RC cell layers was detected. Thus, response to the metabolites is dependent on chondrocytic differentiation and is site specific: the matrix vesicle fraction is targeted and not the cells per se. PMID- 3258865 TI - Structure and differential mechanisms of regulation of expression of a serine esterase gene in activated human T lymphocytes. AB - A cDNA clone encoding a polypeptide resembling proteolytic serine esterases (from cytotoxic T-cells; SECT) was isolated from human peripheral blood lymphocytes which had been cultured in the presence of the T-cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin for 72 h. The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 247 amino acids which show homology of 99% with the protein sequence encoded by a cDNA clone (1-3E) isolated from staphylococcal enterotoxin A-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and 68% with the protein sequence (cytotoxic cell protease type I) derived from a cDNA clone (C11) encoding a serine esterase isolated from a murine cytotoxic T cell line. The overall nucleotide sequence homology between the SECT cDNA and 1 3E was 99% and 73% between SECT and C11. Comparing the coding regions of SECT and C11 showed 75% homology, whereas the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions showed 67% homology. Phytohemagglutinin stimulation results in 30-, 60-, and 370-fold increases in cytoplasmic SECT mRNA with respect to unstimulated cells after 6-, 24-, and 72-h cultures, respectively. At 6 h, the increase in SECT mRNA occurs in the absence of increases in SECT gene transcription and cytoplasmic mRNA stabilization. A 5-fold increase in SECT nuclear RNA seen at this time suggests that stabilization of SECT nuclear RNA transcript is responsible for early increases in SECT mRNA levels. At 24 and 72 h, the increased cytoplasmic SECT mRNA levels can be accounted for by increased transcriptional activity of the SECT gene. PMID- 3258866 TI - Zinc can increase the activity of protein kinase C and contributes to its binding to plasma membranes in T lymphocytes. AB - In the primary structure of protein kinase C, the presence of a putative metal binding site has been suggested (Parker, P.J., Coussens, L., Totty, N., Rhee, L., Young, S., Chen, E., Stabel, S., Waterfield, M.D., and Ullrich, A. (1986) Science 233, 853-859). In the present report, we demonstrate that the most abundant intracellular heavy metal, zinc, can increase the activity of cytosolic protein kinase C. Zinc reversibly binds the enzyme to plasma membranes, and it may contribute to the calcium-induced binding as well. The intracellular heavy metal chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine prevents the phorbol ester- and antigen-induced translocation of protein kinase C. This effect can be totally reversed by the concomitant addition of Zn2+, while Fe2+ and Mn2+ are only partially counteractive. Our results suggest that zinc can activate protein kinase C and contributes to its binding to plasma membranes in T lymphocytes induced by Ca2+, phorbol ester, or antigen. PMID- 3258867 TI - Sequential coronary artery bypass utilizing the internal mammary artery. AB - Fifty consecutive patients underwent sequential bypass grafting of diseased coronary arteries using the left internal mammary artery (IMA) as a sequential bypass graft. There were no perioperative myocardial infarctions, and follow-up from 3 to 5 years revealed that all 50 patients are living and are free of angina. Technical aspects for use of the internal mammary artery as a sequential graft to two or more coronary arteries is technically a feasible procedure when certain guidelines are followed. We advise its use primarily for left anterior descending/diagonal connections and avoid its use when there is a wide angle between the latter vessels to avoid kinking. The distal end-to-side IMA anastomosis is always performed first to the most important coronary artery. With this approach if there is a problem with length or lie of the IMA graft, the sequential anastomosis to the lesser important coronary artery may be aborted. The side-to-side technique is used most often. Postoperative angiograms in 11 patients have revealed no evidence of stenosis, occlusion, or late ill effects. PMID- 3258868 TI - Surgical approach to combined coronary revascularization and abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. AB - Combined repair of peripheral vascular disease and myocardial revascularization has become accepted treatment in selected patients. Two of our patients underwent such a procedure. One patient suffered an intraoperative dissection of the ascending aorta following myocardial revascularization. Ascending aortic replacement and vein graft reimplantation was accomplished as well as repair of the abdominal aortic aneurysm. Because of this experience we recommend that following myocardial revascularization, aortic cannulation be maintained during repair of the abdominal aortic aneurysm. This allows immediate access to cardiopulmonary bypass should untoward cardiovascular events occur during aneurysm repair. PMID- 3258869 TI - Decreased serum osteocalcin levels in phenprocoumon-treated patients. AB - Osteocalcin (OC) is a noncollagenous bone matrix protein containing gamma carboxyglutamic acid, the synthesis of which is vitamin K dependent. Serum OC levels are generally believed to reflect the de novo synthesis of OC by osteoblasts and thus reflect bone formation. We measured serum OC levels by RIA in 48 patients receiving phenprocoumon anticoagulant treatment, which inhibits the posttranscriptional synthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, and in 22 matched normal subjects. The median serum OC level in the patients receiving phenprocoumon therapy was significantly lower than that in the normal subjects (P less than 0.0001). In 27 patients receiving anticoagulant therapy and in 21 normal subjects the proportion of noncarboxylated OC to total OC also was determined. The proportion of OC that was noncarboxylated was significantly higher in the patients receiving phenprocoumon therapy than in the normal subjects (P less than 0.0001). We conclude that OC carboxylation is impaired in patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. The decreased total OC levels in patients receiving phenprocoumon treatment might result from decreased bone formation, although these patients do not have symptoms of bone disease. PMID- 3258870 TI - Concurrent assays of circulating bone Gla-protein and bone alkaline phosphatase: effects of sex, age, and metabolic bone disease. AB - We measured the serum concentrations of 2 biochemical markers of bone formation, bone Gla-protein (BGP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), in 164 normal subjects and 164 patients with metabolic bone disorders. The data were reported as Z scores (deviation in SDs from the sex-specific age regression in normal subjects). Both serum BGP and BAP distinguished abnormalities well (mean Z scores for BGP and BAP, respectively) and gave concordant results in patients with hypoparathyroidism (-1.7, -1.4), hyperthyroidism (+1.1, +1.8), primary hyperparathyroidism (+3.6, +2.5), acromegaly (+1.2, +2.8), and postmenopausal osteoporosis (+0.4, +1.9). The 2 markers gave discordant results, however, in patients with glucocorticoid excess (-2.4, +0.9), Paget's disease (+1.8, +41.8), chronic renal failure (+16.3, +0.4), and osteolytic metastases (-1.4, +5.9). These discrepancies may have occurred because serum BGP and BAP concentrations reflect different aspects of osteoblast function or because there are differences in their clearance from the circulation. Consequently, more information is derived about the level of bone formation across the wide range of metabolic bone disorders when both biochemical markers are assayed. PMID- 3258871 TI - Immunocytochemical study of the cellular immune response in meningiomas. AB - Twenty four meningiomas (17 benign and seven "atypical" were reacted with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to macrophages, lymphocytes, and HLA DR antigens. All the tumours contained macrophages but these cells were more numerous in the atypical meningiomas. Lymphocytes, almost exclusively of the CD8 subtype, were also present in 70% of benign meningiomas and in all atypical meningiomas and were more abundant in the latter. B lymphocytes were present in minimal numbers in three atypical meningiomas and in one benign meningioma. CD4 positive T lymphocytes were present in small numbers in one benign meningioma and in moderate numbers in one atypical meningioma. HLA DR antigen expression on tumour cells was present in about 60% of both tumour groups. The numbers of macrophages and T and CD8 lymphocytes in meningiomas seem to be related to atypical histological features, and the presence of these cells raises questions about host immune response and the relation of this to prognosis. PMID- 3258873 TI - Autoradiographic studies of cerebellar histogenesis in the premetamorphic bullfrog tadpole: II. Formation of the interauricular granular band. AB - This study examines the origin of cells in the interauricular granular band (iagb) in the cerebellum of the frog tadpole during early stages of development by means of histological and autoradiographic methods. Premetamorphic bullfrog tadpoles were exposed to multiple doses of 3H-thymidine (10 microCi/g body weight per exposure) at developmental stages ranging from 1 week to 1 year and were killed at either 6 or 12 months of age. The autoradiographic data were examined to determine the time when cells of the iagb were generated. Our findings show that initial generation of iagb cells begins at week 3 and that a peak in the formation of postmitotic neurons is reached at the age of 10 weeks. This is followed by other peaks of cell generation at the ages of 16 weeks, 10 months, and 11.5 months. The generation cycles of iagb cells are interrupted by periods of quiescence when label cannot be detected in any of the cells. These quiescent periods occur at the ages of 20-26 weeks, 7 months, and 12 months. These findings indicate that cells of the iagb are generated in a cyclical manner over the entire 1-year period which was studied. Comparison of our present data on iagb cell formation with the generation of cells in the EGL shows that the production of these two groups of cells is overlapping, but cells of the iagb begin and cease production before those of the EGL. On the basis of our findings we propose that the cells of the iagb and the EGL belong in separate cell groups which are generated by distinct subpopulations of germinal cells in the neuroepithelial cap. PMID- 3258872 TI - Comparison of two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis and multimer analysis in the study of von Willebrand factor. AB - To assess the validity of the multimeric analysis of von Willebrand factor (vWf), this technique was compared with two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis using samples of purified vWf obtained by gel filtration and plasma samples from a patient with severe von Willebrands disease who was receiving prophylaxis with cryoprecipitate. It is concluded that except for specialised clinical and research purposes, two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis provides a clear picture of the multimeric composition of the vWf molecule, and that this is sufficient for routine research and clinical use, without having to confirm the data by multimeric analysis. PMID- 3258874 TI - Specificity of sensory projections to the spinal cord during development in bullfrogs. AB - Sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia of frogs project to areas of the spinal cord they do not normally innervate following removal of adjacent ganglia at tadpole stages (Frank and Westerfield, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 324:495-505, '82b). A possible explanation of this phenomenon is that sensory neurons project to wider areas of the spinal cord in tadpoles than in adult frogs and that partial deafferentation causes the retention of these widespread projections. Therefore, the specificity of sensory projections to the spinal cord in tadpoles was assessed by staining individual dorsal roots with horseradish peroxidase. Thoracic sensory neurons project to thoracic segments of the spinal cord and to the brainstem in tadpoles, like thoracic sensory neurons in adult frogs. They rarely arborize in the brachial region even at stages when no other sensory fibers arborize at this level. Furthermore, their projections are restricted to the dorsal horn at all stages. Conversely, hypoglossal sensory neurons, which project into the intermediate gray matter in the adult, also project to this area in tadpoles. The finding that sensory neurons in tadpoles only project to areas of the spinal cord that they innervate in the adult suggests that the novel projections observed following partial deafferentation of the spinal cord are actually induced by the operation. An additional finding was that forelimb afferents, which project to an area extending from the obex to midthoracic levels in adult frogs, arborize at rostral spinal levels and at thoracic levels several stages before they form projections to the region around their own dorsal root. These differences in the stages at which projections to different levels of the spinal cord develop suggest that local properties of the spinal cord may control the timing of sensory fiber arborization. PMID- 3258875 TI - Candidemia, look at the eyes. AB - Two patients with disseminated candidiasis are presented. The diagnosis was established by fundoscopy. Candida endophthalmitis can be the only manifestation of disseminated candidiasis. The role of fundoscopy in the management of candidemia is emphasized because it can provide evidence of disseminated disease. Every positive blood culture requires repeated fundoscopic examination. Early recognition is essential to prevent irreversible loss of vision. PMID- 3258876 TI - Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in the elderly. Treatment by habituation exercises. AB - Exercise treatment has become generally accepted as therapy for some types of vertigo. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has been very successfully treated by vestibular habituation training (VHT). This is an exercise treatment whereby the patient is repeatedly exposed to the maneuvers eliciting vertigo. Elderly patients treated by VHT also showed very satisfying results, albeit the therapeutic effect developed somewhat slower than in the younger patients. In the scope of the problem of "falling in the elderly," the therapeutic effect for BPPV is worth emphasizing. PMID- 3258877 TI - Growth promoting activity of PDGF, EGF and TGF-beta on highly metastatic subline of Meth A cells. AB - The response of a highly metastatic cell line of methylcholanthrene induced A fibrosarcoma (Meth A) to growth factors from platelets was examined. The highly metastatic cell subline (MH) proliferated more rapidly than its parental counterpart cell subline (ML) in a medium containing platelet lysate. However, when the three major growth factors from platelets, ie, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta (PDGF, EGF, TGF-beta), were independently examined for their growth promoting activity, the former 2 growth factors preferentially stimulated the proliferation of ML and the latter growth factor rather suppressed the growth of both cells. On the other hand, the combined effects of these factors were more marked on MH. This combination effect was supported by the evidence that the number of receptors for EGF (which is probably an essential growth factor for the Meth A cell) was increased by pretreatment with PDGF or TGF-beta. Thus, the highly metastatic cells of MH were considered to be the most susceptible to growth factors released from platelets. This conclusion is consistent with the concept that platelets may play an important role in the formation of blood-borne metastasis by releasing growth factors to promote the proliferation of tumor cells, following aggregation with tumor cells. PMID- 3258878 TI - Quantitative immunological differences between newly diagnosed Graves' disease patients and relapsed patients. AB - Class 2-positive T cells, T-cell and mononuclear cell subsets, thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) and immune complexes were evaluated in 34 newly diagnosed Graves' patients and in 13 relapsed patients before a cycle of specific medical treatment. Class II-positive T lymphocytes were detected by monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of class II antigens, whereas 4F2-positive cells were detected by 4F2 monoclonal antibody. 4F2-positive cells were statistically increased in newly diagnosed Graves' patients compared to relapsed patients (p less than 0.05). An increased percentage of class II activated T cells, detected by monoclonal antibodies L243, was found in newly diagnosed patients in comparison with relapsed subjects (p less than 0.025). Newly diagnosed Graves' patients showed a significant decrease in the ratio suppressor/cytotoxic T cells in comparison with normal control subjects but not with relapsed patients. Ninety-one % of newly diagnosed Graves' patients showed a high TRAb value, whereas only 69% of relapsed patients showed increased values (p less than 0.025). No difference was observed in the immune complex positivity between newly diagnosed Graves' patients and relapsed subjects. In conclusion, both humoral and cellular immune differences were found in relapsed patients vs newly diagnosed Graves' patients. The immunological abnormalities are quantitatively more pronounced in the latter group. PMID- 3258879 TI - Cationization of protein antigens. IV. Increased antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells. AB - Cationization of BSA generates a molecule that mounts antibody responses of increased magnitude and duration and induces T cell proliferation at concentrations 500 times less than native BSA (nBSA). To explain the alteration in immunogenic properties of this Ag, the uptake of nBSA and cationized BSA (cBSA) by splenic APC has been investigated. T cell proliferation assays were conducted with nBSA and cBSA preparations with varying degrees of substitution. An inverse correlation between the degree of cationization and the amounts of Ag needed for optimal T cell reactivity was observed. To determine whether affinity for APC resulted in an increased uptake of cBSA, splenic APC were incubated with nBSA or cBSA for varying amounts of time. Comparisons were made at each time point between untreated Ag-pulsed APC (Ag uptake) and paraformaldehyde-fixed Ag pulsed APC (processed Ag). Proliferation of T cells primed with nBSA or cBSA increased in proportion to the amount of time of APC exposure to high concentrations of nBSA, first appearing after a 2-h pulse and peaking at 8 h. Conversely, untreated APC needed only a 30-min cBSA exposure to induce either nBSA- or cBSA-primed T cell proliferation, indicating a rapid uptake of cBSA. Comparisons with proliferation induced by paraformaldehyde-fixed cBSA APC indicate that nBSA T cells recognize a lag phase-processed form of cBSA, whereas a majority of cBSA T cells recognize either a rapidly processed form of cBSA, or a membrane-processed cBSA molecule without a classical lag phase processing event. When monensin was used as an inhibitor of fluid phase pinocytosis in splenic APC, the presentation of nBSA was inhibited by 85%, but the presentation of cBSA was inhibited by only 20%. These results imply that nBSA enters the cell by fluid phase pinocytosis, whereas cBSA enters by a nonspecific adsorptive mechanism. The different modes of cellular entry for the two molecules, nBSA and cBSA, resulting in a rapid uptake of cBSA, may have important ramifications on T cell activation and immunoregulation. PMID- 3258880 TI - Sequential events in thymocyte differentiation and thymus regeneration revealed by a combination of bromodeoxyuridine DNA labeling and antimitotic drug treatment. AB - The proliferative status of thymocyte cell subsets in vivo was assessed by observing the effect of two antimitotic drugs, hydroxyurea (HU) and demecolcine. Both drugs had the greatest effect on the double-positive (DP) subset followed by the L3T4+ single-positive (SP) subset. However, the decrease in the latter type was delayed by several days, showing that their precursors rather than the cells themselves were killed by HU. Double-negative (DN) cells were less affected, indicating that they contain a resting subset and that they are renewed by emigration rather than by autonomous in situ proliferation. After drug treatment all cycling cells were eliminated from the thymus but, as shown by in vivo and in vitro bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, new cells rapidly reentered in cycle, starting from DN cells and Lyt-2+ SP cells and followed by DP cells. Lyt-2+ SP cycling cells represent an intermediary stage between DN and DP cells, and they are very transient. Injection of HU 24 h after in vivo BrdUrd labeling eliminated most labeled DN cells, but did not prevent the emergence of L3T4+ SP-labeled cells on day 3 as observed in control thymuses. These results suggest that these L3T4+ SP cells are generated from DP cells in the absence of proliferation. Cycling cells in the regenerating thymus were first located at the corticomedullary junction and then in the subcapsular region, suggesting a reverse migration process to that observed after cessation of proliferation. A model is proposed to summarize these sequential events. PMID- 3258881 TI - Frequencies of IL-2- and IL-4-secreting T cells in naive and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte populations. AB - The relative frequencies of IL-2-and IL-4-secreting precursors in naive and Ag primed populations were investigated by using limiting dilution analysis. Cells capable of IL-4 production in lymphoid populations freshly isolated from mice were rare in comparison with those producing IL-2 when the cells were stimulated by nominal Ag, by alloantigens, or by mitogens. One cycle of in vitro Ag restimulation and rest, however, enabled us to detect high proportions of IL-4 secreting cells among keyhole limpet hemocyanin-primed lymph node cells. With cultures set up at monoclonal cell doses, it was shown that IL-2 and IL-4 are secreted by separate precursor populations at this stage of their development. The IL-4-secreting cells were further shown to be dependent upon the presence of IL-2, either secreted by separate precursors or exogenously added, for the production of detectable amounts of IL-4. Analysis of the frequencies of helper cells producing both IL-2 and IL-4 at various stages of the in vivo immune response and the requirements for their growth and differentiation should give a better understanding of the relative contributions of each cell type. PMID- 3258882 TI - Resistance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in genetically inbred rats. Association with decreased amounts of in situ acetylcholine receptor antibody complexes. AB - Genetically related susceptibility for experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis was investigated in nine inbred strains of rats immunized with heterologous acetylcholine (AChR) from Torpedo californica. Wistar Munich and Fischer strain animals consistently developed severe, fatal disease associated with impaired neuromuscular transmission and increased sensitivity to low doses of curare. A lower incidence of disease was induced in Wistar Kyoto, ACI, Brown Norway, Buffalo, and Lewis strain animals. In contrast, Wistar Furth and Copenhagen strain animals were resistant to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, electrophysiologic responses were normal, and animals were insensitive to curare. All strains of animals manifested equivalent amounts of serum antibody to AChR and total muscle AChR was reduced to the same extent in both resistant and susceptible animals. In contrast, the amount of antibody-bound AChR was greater in susceptible Wistar Munich animals than the amount observed in resistant Wistar Furth animals. These data suggest that impaired neurotransmission is correlated with the extent of antibody binding to the AChR. The discordance in the amount of antibody bound to the AChR of resistant and susceptible animals may result from heritable differences in antibody properties. Cross-breeding experiments with Wistar Munich and Wistar Furth animals show that resistance for development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis is recessive and indicate that disease susceptibility is linked to one or two genetic loci. PMID- 3258883 TI - Intracellular activation signal requirements for the induction of IL-2 responsiveness in resting T cell subsets in humans. AB - Activation signal requirements for the induction of the IL-2 responsiveness in purified subsets of human resting T cells, T4+ or T8+, have been investigated under the monocyte-depleted conditions. Substantial levels of IL-2 responsiveness were induced in T8+ cells by lectin, Con A, mAb directed against the CD3 Ag, OKT3, Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin or phorbol ester, PMA. In contrast, none of these stimuli was by itself sufficient for the induction of IL-2 responsiveness in the T4+ subset. The latter cells could, however, be induced to respond to IL-2 by combinations of PMA plus either of Con A, OKT3, or ionomycin (but not any combination of Con A, ionomycin, and OKT3). These data indicate that induction of IL-2 responsiveness in the resting T4+ subset is more complex, possibly requiring two intracellular activation signals, increase in the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ and activation of protein kinase C, whereas either signal may directly trigger IL-2 responsiveness in the resting T8+ cells. The data further suggest that under optimal conditions, growth of both resting T4+ and T8+ subsets may be independent of monocytes. PMID- 3258884 TI - Regulation of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin and IL-1 secretion in human mononuclear phagocytes. AB - To determine whether the production and secretion of TNF and IL-1 by human mononuclear phagocytes could be independently modulated, we examined secretion of TNF and IL-1 by fresh monocytes and monocytes pretreated with IFN-gamma or granulocyte macrophage CSF before LPS stimulation. TNF and IL-1 secretion were in part differentially modulated. Fresh monocytes secreted large amounts of TNF and IL-1 after LPS stimulation and less than 6% as much without LPS. The capacity to secrete TNF in response to LPS decreased slightly in cultured monocytes but was markedly augmented by IFN-gamma (approximately five-fold more than fresh monocytes). In contrast, cultured monocytes secreted less than 5% as much IL-1 as fresh monocytes and, although augmented by IFN-gamma, IL-1 secretion remained much less than by fresh monocytes. These differences in modulation were reflected by differences in the molecular mechanisms regulating TNF and IL-1 secretion. TNF secretion was regulated primarily by changes in the duration of increased transcription and by an apparent increase in translation or protein stability in response to LPS; greater than 95% TNF produced was secreted under all conditions. In contrast, the changes in IL-1 secretion reflected primarily post transcriptional regulation of IL1-alpha mRNA, transcriptional and post transcriptional regulation of IL-1 beta mRNA and a decrease in the fraction of IL 1 secreted by cultured compared with fresh monocytes (10 and 60%, respectively). Changes in translational efficiency or protein processing or stability appeared not to be important mechanisms regulating IL-1 secretion. Additional evidence that TNF and IL-1 can be differentially modulated was the selective decrease in TNF secretion and the failure of IFN-gamma to enhance TNF secretion by cultured monocytes from neonates, whereas results for IL-1 were similar with adult and neonatal monocytes. Results with tissue macrophages were similar to those with cultured monocytes. These results indicate that TNF and IL-1 production and secretion by mononuclear phagocytes can be differentially modulated, reflecting in part different mechanisms of regulation; this may allow them to play partially independent roles in the host immune response. PMID- 3258885 TI - Molecular linkage of the Ly-3 and Ly-2 genes. Requirement of Ly-2 for Ly-3 surface expression. AB - We have isolated the Ly-3 gene by chromosomal walking from the previously cloned Ly-2 gene. These genes are shown to be 36 kb apart and in the same transcriptional orientation. Transfection of the Ly-3 gene into mouse L cells results in cell surface expression of Ly-3 protein only in the presence of Ly-2 (or its human homolog, CD8), although Ly-2 surface expression is not similarly dependent on Ly-3. cDNA clones encoding Ly-3 have been isolated and sequenced and show little sequence similarity to Ly-2, whereas both Ly-2 and Ly-3 are homologous to Ig variable regions. One cDNA clone encodes a form of Ly-3 lacking a transmembrane region. Although two alleles of Ly-3 have been previously defined serologically, Northern blot analyses of Ly-3 mRNA from a series of inbred mouse strains show unusual polymorphisms in the lengths of Ly-3 mRNA species defining at least three allelic variants of this gene. PMID- 3258887 TI - Antigen-presenting cell-T cell interaction in the chicken is MHC class II antigen restricted. AB - The involvement of the MHC in the recognition of Ag by avian T lymphocytes was analyzed. PBL from chickens primed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin in vivo were induced to synthesize DNA in an in vitro response to specific Ag. Responding cells were T cells as judged by immunofluorescence staining. In vivo Ag-primed PBL were stimulated in vitro with specific Ag and further propagated in the presence of IL-2. Subsequent Ag-specific T cell proliferation required the presence of Ag-pulsed peripheral blood adherent cells (APC). T cell responses were restricted by the MHC of the APC; Ag presented by allogeneic APC did not support T cell proliferation. By using MHC-recombinant chicken lines, the gene products controlled by MHC class II loci were shown to restrict the T cell-APC interaction. This conclusion was substantiated by the inhibition of the Ag specific T cell response by a mAb against chicken MHC class II gene products but not by a mAb against chicken MHC class I gene products. PMID- 3258886 TI - Induction of natural killer effectors from human thymus with recombinant IL-2. AB - The NKH1 Ag is expressed on all cells in human peripheral blood capable of mediating spontaneous non-MHC restricted cytolytic function (i.e., natural killing). The majority of NK cells do not express CD3 Ag and do not express TCR gene products. However, approximately 20 to 25% of NKH1+ cells coexpress CD3 and TCR proteins. Both NKH1+CD3+ and NKH1+CD3- effectors can proliferate in response to IL-2 which also results in enhancement of cytolytic function. In the present studies, we examined thymocytes after incubation with rIL-2 for the presence of NKH1+ cells and for the development of non-MHC restricted cytolytic function. NKH1+ cells and NK activity could not be detected in fresh thymus. After culture with rIL-2 only, NK activity appeared in 3 days, reached a maximum after 7 days, and was effective against a panel of NK-sensitive targets. NK activity was correlated with the expression of NKH1 on the surface of in vitro proliferating thymocytes and immunofluorescent cell sorting demonstrated that almost all cytolytic activity was mediated by NKH1+ cells. As expected given the thymic origin of these cells, the majority of NKH1+ cells in culture expressed CD3. However, all cultures contained NKH1+CD3- effector cells which represent 15 to 40% of the NKH1+ population. As in peripheral blood, both NKH1+CD3- and NKH1+CD3+ exhibited non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity, but only CD3+ effectors could be inhibited by anti-T3 mAb. These findings demonstrate that rIL-2 alone can induce subpopulations of thymocytes to proliferate, to express the NKH1 marker and become NK active in vitro. Furthermore, they suggest that the thymus which plays a role in the differentiation of NKH1+CD3+ NK effectors may also play a role in the differentiation or maturation of NKH1+CD3- NK effectors. PMID- 3258888 TI - Capacity of purified unprimed Lyt-2+ cells to reject Ia- H-2-different tumor cells in the Winn assay. AB - To examine which cells participate in primary anti-H-2 responses to Ia- tumors in vivo, irradiated mice were injected intracutaneously with small doses of tumor cells mixed with purified populations of host-type lymphoid cells. Studies with three different Ia- H-2-different tumors showed that purified unprimed Lyt-2+ cells were highly efficient at suppressing tumor growth. Lyt-2+ cells were appreciably more effective at suppressing tumor growth than unseparated T cells, and no protection was seen with injection of L3T4+ cells (except in the late states of tumor growth). It is suggested that class I alloantigens on the tumors are directly immunogenic for Lyt-2+ cells. Without need for help from L3T4+ cells, the responding Lyt-2+ cells rapidly differentiate into cytotoxic cells and destroy the tumor cells before macroscopic tumors can arise. PMID- 3258889 TI - Sensitization and desensitization to lethal effects of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1. AB - BALB/c mice were sensitized to lethal effects of human rTNF-alpha and of human rIL-1 alpha by simultaneous treatment with sublethal doses of actinomycin D (Act D) or D-galactosamine (GalN). In contrast, treatment with sublethal doses of TNF or IL-1 themselves resulted in desensitization of the mice to the lethal effect of these cytokines: mice injected with TNF or IL-1 in the absence of Act D or GalN responded to a second injection of TNF or IL-1, this time together with Act D or GalN, by a significantly delayed death, or even survived. Desensitization developed rapidly (0.5-1.0 h) and abated 24 to 48 h postinjection. Each of the two cytokines induced hyporesponsiveness to its own lethal effect as well as to that of the other. Injection of TNF or IL-1 at sublethal doses resulted also in hyporesponsiveness to the lethal effect of LPS on mice primed with bacillus Calmette-Guerin, an effect which most likely is mediated by TNF and IL-1 produced in those mice in response to the LPS. TNF and IL-1 in combination had an additive effect both in lethality and in desensitization of the mice. These findings suggest that some of the deleterious effects of TNF and IL-1 are modulated by antagonistic mechanisms; mechanisms which can be suppressed by sensitizing agents, specifically by agents inhibiting the synthesis of RNA or protein; but which, in the absence of such agents, are found to be augmented in response to TNF and IL-1, thus resulting in desensitization. PMID- 3258890 TI - Induction of IL-1 secretion from human monocytes by Fc region subfragments of human IgG1. AB - Peripheral blood-derived human monocytes and the murine P388D1-monocytes-like cell line are induced to secrete IL-1 when stimulated with Fc region but not F(ab) region subfragments obtained from the cleavage of human IgG1 with papain or pepsin. The portion of the Fc region of IgG1 responsible for stimulation of IL-1 secretion appears to be located within the C gamma 3 domain of the molecule. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that the biologically active pepsin derived pFc' subfragment is located within the C gamma 3 domain and the long-term papain digests containing predominately Fc' are also active. In contrast, short term papain digests containing mostly intact Fc fragments were found to be unable to induce IL-1 secretion. PMID- 3258891 TI - The role of IL-5 in IgA B cell differentiation. AB - IL-5 enhances secretion of IgA by B cells. The stage of B cell differentiation at which IL-5 enhances IgA secretion and the mechanism by which it exerts this effect are unknown. We examined these issues by separating Peyer's patch (PP) B cells into membrane IgA (mIgA)-positive and mIgA-negative cells with panning or cell sorting. When LPS was used to activate these cells, mIgA-positive PP B cells were induced by IL-5 (either as crude T cell supernatant or rIL-5 to secrete large amounts of IgA. In contrast mIgA-negative PP B cells showed no significant amount of IgA secretion with IL-5. In addition, rIL-5 did not cause expression of mIgA by mIgM-bearing B cells. The mechanism involved in enhancement of IgA secretion was evaluated by utilizing an ELISPOT assay to quantitate IgA secreting cells. Both unsorted PP B cells and mIgA-positive PP B cells, when incubated with IL-5, showed an increase in the number of IgA-secreting cells that was proportional to the increase in total secreted IgA. However, LPS-activated PP mIgA-positive B cells, when incubated with rIL-5, showed no increase in proliferation, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation indicating that the increase in IgA-secreting cells after incubation with IL-5 occurred not as a result of proliferation but rather through promotion of terminal differentiation. Thus, IL-5 acts as a differentiation factor on B cells which have already undergone isotype switch to IgA B cells, promoting differentiation into IgA secreting cells with resultant increased IgA secretion. PMID- 3258892 TI - Stimulation of murine hemopoietic colony formation by human IL-6. AB - A novel hemopoietic CSF has been identified in the medium conditioned by lectin stimulated human T cells. The cDNA clone encoding this factor, isolated by functional expression cloning in monkey cos-1 cells, proved to be identical with the cDNA encoding the cytokine B cell stimulatory factor-2/IFN-beta 2, a factor now known as IL-6. In the murine system, IL-6 indirectly supports the formation of several different types of hemopoietic colonies, including those derived from early blast cells, and directly supports the proliferation of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors. These results expand the range of known target cells of IL-6 to include hemopoietic progenitors in addition to B cells, T cells, and fibroblasts and provide further evidence that this cytokine plays an important role within a network of interacting cytokines that regulates many different biologic responses. PMID- 3258893 TI - Neutrophil leukocyte emigration induced by endotoxin. Mediator roles of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha 1. AB - The hypothesis that cytokines mediate neutrophil emigration induced by endotoxin (LPS) was studied by examining the potency, the kinetics of neutrophil emigration, and the tachyphylaxis of intradermal sites with IL-1, TNF-alpha and LPS. Human rIL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, synthetic lipid A, and LPS were several orders of magnitude more potent than human rTNF. The kinetic profiles of neutrophil emigration induced by IL-1 alpha, TNF, and LPS were characterized by minimal emigration in the first 30 min, followed by rapid and transient emigration. After the injection of LPS, the onset and the time at which the rate of emigration was maximal consistently appeared 30 min later than IL-alpha or TNF, suggesting that neutrophil emigration in response to LPS was mediated by a locally generated cytokine. IL-1 and TNF were then examined as potential secondary mediators of LPS-induced emigration by comparing the patterns of tachyphylaxis between LPS and IL-1 alpha or TNF; i.e., the magnitude of neutrophil emigration into inflammatory sites was compared with sites injected 6 h previously (desensitizing injections) with a cytokine or with LPS. Tachyphylaxis was dose dependent with each and also between the IL-1 species; therefore, when tachyphylaxis between the cytokines and LPS was examined, relatively higher doses were selected for the desensitizing injections than for the test injections. With this approach, desensitizing injections of IL-1 alpha diminished the neutrophil accumulation after LPS, and LPS also desensitized sites to IL-1 alpha. However, tachyphylaxis was not observed between TNF and LPS, or between TNF and IL-1 alpha. These data suggest that IL-1, but not TNF, is a potential mediator of LPS-induced neutrophil emigration. PMID- 3258894 TI - Flavone-8-acetic acid augments systemic natural killer cell activity and synergizes with IL-2 for treatment of murine renal cancer. AB - The investigational drug flavone-8-acetic acid (FAA) potently augments NK activity in the spleen, liver, lungs, and peritoneum in a dose-dependent manner after i.v. or i.p. administration. Augmented NK activity peaks by 24 h after FAA injection and returns to normal after 6 days. Combined treatment of established murine renal cancer with FAA and rIL-2 results in up to 80% long term survival whereas FAA or rIL-2 alone were unable to induce any long term survivors. The optimal dose of rIL-2 required for use with FAA was in the range of 10,000 to 30,000 U/day. Further studies demonstrated that the regimen of FAA plus rIL-2 administration that was effective in treating established murine renal cancer also induced a more potent augmentation of NK activity than did either FAA or rIL 2 alone. Subsequent studies revealed that the therapeutic effectiveness of FAA plus rIL-2 was significantly reduced when tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-asialo GM1 serum. These results are consistent with a role for augmented NK activity in the therapeutic effects of FAA plus rIL-2 murine renal cancer. In addition, these studies demonstrate that FAA and rIL-2 is a useful approach for cancer treatment in that subtoxic doses of rIL-2 can be used and significant anti tumor efficacy occurs even without accompanying adoptive immunotherapy. PMID- 3258895 TI - Activation of a functional idiotype network response by monoclonal antibody specific for a virus (M-MuLV)-induced tumor antigen. AB - BALB/c mice were injected with IgM mAb specific for Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV)-determined cell surface Ag in an attempt to inhibit Moloney sarcoma growth. The monoclonal IgM significantly inhibited sarcoma growth when given to the mice after inoculation with Moloney murine sarcoma/leukemia virus, and also potentiated the in vivo antibody response specific for M-MuLV Ag. These responses were significantly greater than the primary response to the virus alone in age- and sex-matched control mice, and were also seen in mice which were injected with the IgM antibody only and not with virus, suggesting that an Ag-independent mechanism may be involved. The M-MuLV-specific serum antibody responses induced by the monoclonal IgM, with or without prior virus inoculation, were predominantly of the IgG1 isotype, with some IgG2a; no other isotypes were found to have titers significantly higher than in the normal response to virus alone. M MuLV-specific IgG1 was detected only in mice injected with monoclonal IgM, and not in the response to virus alone. The same sera also had high titers of anti idiotypic antibodies, (Ab2), as well as anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3). It appears, therefore, that passive immunization with M-MuLV-specific IgM mAb activates an idiotypic network, which results in both Ab2 and Ab3 responses; the M-MuLV-specific response may be considered a subset of Ab3. PMID- 3258896 TI - Cytotoxicity of interleukin-2-activated lymphocytes for autologous normal blood mononuclear cells. AB - When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured for 5 days with 1000 U/ml of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2), lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cytotoxicity for normal autologous and allogeneic PBMC developed. Autologous PBMC lytic activity was detected in media containing autologous serum and was dependent on the concentration of IL-2 added to the cultures. When purified T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes and large granular lymphocytes were compared for their susceptibilities to lysis by autologous LAK, monocytes and B lymphocytes were found to be the most susceptible. In addition, mitogen-induced blasts were more susceptible than unstimulated lymphocytes. Since PBMC cultured in IL-2-containing medium consisted mainly of CD3-positive T lymphocytes and CD16 positive natural killer cells, and since treatment with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, but not anti-CD16 monoclonal antibody, reduced LAK activity for normal target cells, T cells appeared to be the effectors for LAK activity in the LAK normal target lysis system. PMID- 3258897 TI - An analysis of the fluid phase C1q binding assay. The effect of endogenous C1q on the precipitation and detection of an immune complex model. AB - We examined the effect of endogenous C1q on the sensitivity of the fluid-phase C1q binding assay (C1qBA) in detecting an immune complex (IC) model, heat aggregated IgG (HAIgG), at concentrations of 10-10,000 micrograms/ml sample. Results in normal human serum (NHS) or plasma (NHP) were compared with those in heat-inactivated NHS (NHS/56) in which most endogenous C1q was depleted by heat denaturation. Higher HAIgG concentrations were required in NHP and NHS to produce the same 125I-C1q precipitation seen in NHS/56. This decreased sensitivity varied from 70% at low HAIgG concentrations to 0% at high concentrations, as predicted for a large pool of endogenous C1q, in equilibrium with 125I-C1q, but in excess of that which could bind to all but the highest concentrations of IC model. In serum depleted of functional C1q on an immunoadsorbant of HAIgG, the precipitation of radiolabeled HAIgG under C1qBA conditions was concentration dependent and generated a saturation curve, showing that only a fraction of IC are usually precipitated in this assay. HAIgG precipitation was enhanced 1.4-fold in NHS/56 (8 micrograms C1q/ml) and three-fold in NHS (67 micrograms C1q/ml) suggesting that IC size is increased by endogenous C1q. In dual label experiments using 131I-HAIgG, the precipitation of 125I-C1q in NHS/56 was directly proportional to IC model precipitation, but markedly discordant in NHP, showing the measurement of IC in heat-inactivated sera superior to that in native serum. A comparison of the C1q:HAIgG ratio in PEG precipitates with that in samples, indicated that equilibrium was established between C1q and IC model. Thus the precipitation of 125I-C1q in the C1qBA represents (1) the fraction of total C1q bound to IC, and (2) the fraction of IC precipitated by PEG. PMID- 3258898 TI - Characterization of the mucosal immune response to dietary antigens in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - The association of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) with granular IgA deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction and a gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE) suggests that a mucosal immune response may play an important role in the pathogenesis of DH. The degree of antigenic restriction, the immunoglobulin class and subclass response to dietary antigens, and the relationship of antibodies against dietary antigens to IgA-containing circulating immune complexes (CIC) in patients with DH, however, are not known. We have examined the serum of 33 patients with DH for IgG and IgA antibodies against gliadin, and against 3 dietary proteins not thought to be related to GSE, beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lacto), bovine gamma globulin (BGG), and casein. Eleven of 33 (33%) patients with DH had IgA anti gliadin antibodies, whereas IgA antibodies against beta-lacto were found in 11 of 33 patients (33%), against BGG in 15 of 32 (47%), and against casein in 6 of 33 (18%); 17 of 32 (53%) patients had IgA antibodies against one or more of these dietary antigens. Significantly higher levels of IgA antibodies were detected against beta-lacto (2,500 +/- 2,320 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) and BGG (2,340 +/- 1,890 ng/ml) than gliadin (1,250 +/- 851 ng/ml) in this group of antibody positive patients (p less than 0.05, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Eleven of 17 patients with IgA antibodies against dietary antigens were found to have IgA-containing CIC, whereas only one of the 15 antibody negative patients had IgA-containing CIC (p = 0.0008, Fisher's exact test). IgA anti-gliadin antibodies were found to contain both IgA1 and IgA2 with a significantly increased proportion of IgA2 when compared with the IgA2 composition of the total serum IgA (IgA2: anti-gliadin antibodies = 34 +/- 4.2%; total serum IgA = 19 +/- 4.8%, p = 0.02, Students paired t test). IgG antibodies against these antigens were found to occur slightly more frequently in amounts not significantly greater than IgA antibodies. This data demonstrates that a serum IgA and IgG antibody response to dietary antigens occurs in approximately 50% of DH patients with a higher proportion of IgA2 than total serum IgA and does not appear to be restricted to gliadin. This is significantly different from the pattern of cutaneous immunoreactants in patients with DH, and suggests that the deposition of IgA in DH skin may be the result of an atypical mucosal immune response, a non immunologic interaction of IgA1 and DH skin, or arise from a non-mucosal source. PMID- 3258899 TI - Cutaneous and plasma values of von Willebrand factor in AIDS: a marker of endothelial stimulation? AB - Patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent a model in which endothelial proliferation and/or damage are of concern. We studied Von Willebrand factor (VWF) plasma values as a presumed marker of endothelial proliferation in patients with the lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) (n = 45), AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (n = 23), and AIDS opportunistic infections (n = 9), in comparison with normal controls (n = 19) and classical KS (n = 12). VWF was increased in AIDS patients with KS (p less than 10(-6)), in AIDS patients without KS (p less than 10(-7)), and to a lesser extent in classical KS (p less than 10(-3)) and LAS (p less than 10(-2] patients. To evaluate the diffusion of the vascular proliferation in HIV-infected patients, we studied the number of vessels within the superficial dermis of clinically uninvolved skin by an indirect immunoperoxidase method. We used an antibody directed against VWF in skin biopsies from 20 LAS patients and 10 AIDS-related KS patients compared to 11 controls and 10 classical KS patients. An increase in the number of blood vessels in normal skin was found in LAS (p less than 10(-2)), classical KS (p less than 0.05), and AIDS-related KS (p less than 10(-2]. Statistical studies and comparisons between plasma and cutaneous values of VWF indicate that plasma VWF is a good marker of endothelial damage but a poor marker of vascular proliferation in HIV-infected patients. PMID- 3258900 TI - Survival patterns of the first 500 patients with AIDS in San Francisco. PMID- 3258901 TI - Distribution of pentamidine in patients with AIDS. AB - We used a bioassay to measure pentamidine concentrations in autopsy specimens from 22 patients with AIDS. Patients received pentamidine isethionate (approximately 4 mg/kg per day) parenterally for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; one received monthly prophylaxis. We found that lung levels of 30 micrograms/g were achieved only after the fifth dose; tissue accumulation was usually greater in the liver, kidney, adrenal, and spleen than in the lung; detectable levels were present in some tissues as late as one year after the last dose; and low but detectable levels were present in the brain of six of 17 patients. Two patients had no detectable lung levels after two days of therapy; one had a level of 17.5 micrograms/g after four doses, and two had levels of 30 micrograms/g after five doses. A more rapid and effective method of delivery, such as aerosol, should achieve higher concentrations earlier. Because pentamidine persists in lung tissue over days to weeks, daily administration may not be necessary. PMID- 3258902 TI - Dementia of frontal lobe type. AB - A significant proportion of patients with presenile dementia due to primary cerebral atrophy do not have Alzheimer's disease. One form of non-Alzheimer dementia may be designated as dementia of frontal lobe type (DFT), on the basis of a characteristic neuropsychological picture suggestive of frontal lobe disorder, confirmed by findings on single photon emission tomography. The case histories of seven patients exemplify the disorder: a presentation of social misconduct and personality change, unconcern and disinhibition, in the presence of physical well-being and few neurological signs. Assessment revealed economic and concrete speech with verbal stereotypes, variable memory impairment, and marked abnormalities on tasks sensitive to frontal lobe function. Visuo-spatial disorder was invariably absent. Comparisons of DFT and Alzheimer patients revealed qualitative differences in clinical presentation, neurological signs, profile of psychological disability, electroencephalography, single photon emission tomography and demography. DFT, which may represent forms of Pick's disease, may be more common than is often recognised. PMID- 3258903 TI - Brain glucose metabolism in thalamic syndrome. AB - Regional brain glucose metabolism was studied in a case of postischaemic thalamic syndrome. Despite a normal density of the thalamus on MRI and CT images, a 17% relative hypometabolism was found in the posterior thalamus on the affected side. This observation of functional anomalies in the posterior thalamic complex in case of thalamic syndrome is compatible with a deregulated processing of pain related information at this level. PMID- 3258904 TI - The in vitro function of lymphocytes from 25 cancer patients receiving four to seven consecutive days of recombinant IL-2. AB - Twenty-five cancer patients received human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 4 to 7 consecutive days in a Phase I trial. IL-2 was administered either as a daily intravenous bolus infusion (lasting 15 min), or as a continuous infusion lasting 24 h each day. Prior studies have demonstrated that in vivo administration of IL 2 at high doses is associated with changes in the phenotype of circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) (determined with monoclonal antibodies), and the induction of augmented in vitro natural killer activity (NK) by PBL obtained following in vivo IL-2. We have noted that fresh lymphocytes obtained after 4-7 consecutive days of IL-2 (greater than or equal to 10(6) U/m2/day) show an augmented ability to kill NK-sensitive and -insensitive target cells (K562 and Daudi targets, respectively), especially when tested with IL-2 present during the 4-h 51Cr release assay. We have further analyzed lymphocytes in a battery of in vitro proliferative and cytotoxic assays. We present here the summary of this quantitative analysis of their responses in both antigen-specific and nonspecific immune responses. Striking in vitro changes were observed in the proliferative response to IL-2 and in cytotoxicity stimulated by (or requiring) in vitro IL-2. Proliferative responses to antigens and to mitogens were not as dramatically altered following in vivo IL-2, nor were allospecific or allo activated cytotoxic interactions. These studies indicate that the most striking changes in lymphocyte function measured in vitro following in vivo IL-2 are seen in those functions requiring IL-2. PMID- 3258905 TI - Therapy of disseminated NK-resistant tumor by the synergistic effects of recombinant interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor. AB - Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-2 each in recombinant form have antitumor activity against established tumors if used in high enough dosages. The problem associated with such high dosages is the high degree of toxicity and expense encountered. Therefore, this study was undertaken to look at the antitumor efficacy of these two lymphokines when used together at dosages well below the toxic levels. Our results using recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) against established methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (MCA sarcoma) pulmonary metastases showed that TNF and IL-2 therapy at low nontoxic dosages alone did not produce significant tumor regression, but when combined at the same dosage synergize producing significant antitumor effects in mice induced with MCA sarcoma. This was also evident from histopathological examination of the lungs where the maximum tumor reduction along with the maximum lymphocytic infiltration into tumor was seen when TNF and IL-2 were combined. In this tumor regression, inherent immunity of the treated mice was needed, since in those mice in which we induced immunosuppression by using radiation, tumor regression was not seen when TNF and IL-2 therapy was combined in the doses efficacious in immunocompetent mice. Tumor regression is also dependent on the sequence of administration of IL 2 and TNF, since when IL-2 was administered before TNF, the tumor regression was more significant than when TNF was administered before IL-2 or when both were administered simultaneously to mice with established pulmonary tumors. Therefore the synergistic effect of IL-2 and TNF could be used as an efficacious but inexpensive and nontoxic alternative to therapy with lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells + IL-2. PMID- 3258906 TI - Development and characterization of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to human interleukin-1 alpha. AB - Mice immunized with homogeneous recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) protein developed specific serum titers to the immunogen. Hybridomas resulting from the fusion of the immune spleen or lymph node cells to myeloma cells were analyzed by an antibody capture assay in which the antigen was present in solution. This assay enabled us to isolate two hybridomas secreting antibodies (designated 2F4 and 4G12) that recognized IL-1 alpha and not interleukin-1 beta as judged by the ability of the antibodies to: (a) precipitate IL-1 alpha, (b) inhibit the binding of 125I-IL-1 alpha to the IL-1 receptor on EL4 cells, (c) inhibit the biological activity of IL-1 alpha as measured in a lectin-induced, IL 1-dependent thymocyte proliferation assay. In a double determinant assay configuration, both antibodies, in conjunction with rabbit polyclonal anti-IL-1 alpha antibodies, could detect nanogram concentrations of IL-1 alpha in solution. Cross-inhibition studies indicated that the 2F4 and 4G12 antibodies bind to the same or spatially related epitopes since each can inhibit the binding of the other to IL-1 alpha. PMID- 3258907 TI - Effects of heparin on in vitro immune parameters. AB - The effects of heparin on several in vitro immune functions [blastogenesis, interleukin-2(IL-2) production] were investigated. The addition of heparin to human peripheral mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen significantly increased the blastogenic response of these cells. Peak IL 2 concentrations in the supernatant of heparin-containing cultures were two- to fourfold higher than in heparin-free cultures. Flow cytometry experiments revealed that Leu-M3-positive cells were the only subset to be significantly affected by heparin, which induced an increase both in number and in fluorescence intensity of Leu-M3-positive cells. In contrast, the expression of DR molecules on monocytes was slightly decreased. It is speculated that the observed antimetastatic effects of heparin may be exerted through local immunomodulation in macrophage-rich tissues. PMID- 3258909 TI - Interaction of chloramphenicol and rifampin. PMID- 3258908 TI - Reimmunization of children immunized at 18 months of age with Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. AB - We studied the response to reimmunization at 36 months of age with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsular polysaccharide vaccine. Children enrolled in the study had previously received PRP or PRP plus diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with pertussis vaccine at 18 months of age. A control group of children, who received a first dose at 36 months of age, was also studied. Ninety-five percent of children receiving a second dose of vaccine had a postimmunization anti-capsular antibody level of greater than or equal to 1 microgram/mL. In comparison, 70% of 36-month-old children who received their first dose of PRP had a postimmunization level greater than or equal to 1 microgram/mL (P = 0.09). The geometric mean titer at 37 months of age was 8.64 micrograms/mL in children who had received two doses of PRP vaccine, compared with 2.19 micrograms/mL in the group who received only one dose of PRP at 36 months of age (P = 0.04). We conclude that infants immunized at 17 to 19 months of age with PRP had an excellent immunologic response to reimmunization at 36 months of age. PMID- 3258910 TI - Desethylaprophen: a metabolite of aprophen with antimuscarinic activities. AB - The metabolic fate of aprophen hydrochloride (2-diethylaminoethyl 2,2 diphenylpropionate) was studied in rats after intravenous administration. Both 14C-labeled and unlabeled aprophen were used in these studies. Blood samples were collected and analyzed to determine the identities of the metabolites formed. Utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography, desethylaprophen was identified as a major metabolite in ether-extracted samples from rats, and could be detected in blood samples 1 min after intravenous administration. It was most likely formed by N-de-ethylation of aprophen by a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase. Synthetic desethylaprophen was found to possess cholinolytic activity (i.e., it functioned as a muscarinic antagonist by blocking the contraction of acetylcholine-stimulated guinea pig ileum, the release of alpha amylase from pancreatic acinar cells stimulated by carbachol, and also by inhibiting the binding of [3H]N-methyl scopolamine to the muscarinic receptors of guinea pig ileum). It was interesting that although the biological effects of desethylaprophen were 100-fold lower than those of aprophen, it was equally able to compete for the binding sites of muscarinic receptors of the guinea pig ileum. PMID- 3258911 TI - Differential establishment and maintenance of oral ethanol reinforced behavior in Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rat strains. AB - Oral ethanol self-administration was investigated systematically in two inbred strains of rats, Fischer 344 CDF (F-344)/CRLBR (F344) and Lewis LEW/CRLBR (LEW). For both strains ethanol maintained higher response rates and was consumed in larger volumes than the water vehicle. In addition, blood ethanol levels increased with increases in ethanol concentration. However, LEW rats drank substantially more ethanol than F344 rats. The typical inverted U-shaped function between ethanol concentration and number of deliveries was observed for the LEW rats, whereas for the F344 rats much smaller differences were seen between ethanol and water maintained responding. For the LEW strain, as the fixed-ratio size was increased, the number of responses increased almost in direct proportion to the fixed-ratio size increase, so that at least at the lower fixed-ratio values the rats were obtaining similar numbers of deliveries at different fixed ratio sizes. However, a decrease in ethanol deliveries and blood ethanol levels was observed at higher fixed-ratio sizes. Similar results were obtained in F344 rats, but the amount of responding was lower and less consistent. LEW rats showed significantly higher response rates, numbers of ethanol deliveries and blood ethanol levels. Ethanol-induced behavioral activation also was observed in LEW rats, but not in F344 rats. These results support the conclusion that ethanol serves as a strong positive reinforcer for LEW rats and as a weak positive reinforcer for F344 rats, and that genotype is a determinant of the degree to which ethanol functions as a reinforcer. PMID- 3258912 TI - Pharmacological profile of dopamine receptor agonists as studied by brain dialysis in behaving rats. AB - Using the technique of brain dialysis in freely moving rats we have investigated the effect of various dopamine (DA) receptor agonists on the release and metabolism of DA in two terminal dopaminergic areas, the nucleus accumbens and the dorsal caudate. Low doses of various DA receptor agonists such as apomorphine (12-100 micrograms/kg s.c.), LY 171555 (5-50 micrograms/kg s.c.), pergolide (5-25 micrograms/kg s.c.), (+)-3PPP (0.5-2.5 mg/kg s.c.) and BHT 920 (10-250 micrograms/kg s.c.) reduce DA release and elicit hypomotility. The potency of the drugs and their effectiveness is similar in the two areas. Inhibition of DA release appears related to the ability of the various agonists to stimulate D-2 rather than D-1 receptors. Thus, the reportedly selective D-1 agonist, SKF 38393, was inactive on DA release and metabolism even at doses fully active in eliciting D-1-mediated effects (grooming); on the other hand apomorphine, a D-1/D-2 agonist, and pergolide, a D-2 agonist with rather weak D-1 activity, reduced DA release in a manner which was related to their agonist activity at D-2 receptors; finally LY 171555, (+)-3PPP and BHT 920, which selectively stimulate D-2 receptors, were fully active at reducing DA release in vivo. Apomorphine, pergolide, LY 171555 and (+)-3PPP given at higher doses elicited behavioral stimulation. In contrast, BHT 920 failed to do so. In further contrast (-)-3PPP (0.1-10 mg/kg s.c.), which failed to reduce DA release at low doses, actually stimulated it at high doses (10 mg/kg s.c.) and elicited hypomotility, thus resembling DA receptor antagonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258913 TI - Morphologic and growth alterations of epiphyseal plate after isohistogeneic transfer of young rat limb to adult rat. AB - The hind limbs of young rats were transferred to adult rats to clarify the morphologic and growth changes of a young epiphyseal plate in an adult hormonal environment. The transplanted femur and tibia achieved about 70 percent of normal growth in length, or significantly less than normal control (p less than 0.001). Histologically, the thickness of the epiphyseal plate in the transplanted bone was significantly thinner than that of normal control (p less than 0.001), and earlier epiphyseal union was also noted. Hormonal alterations during adolescence are believed to have a marked effect on these findings. However, the circumferential growth of the femur and tibia was greatly affected by the loss of biomechanical stress, precluding an evaluation of the influence exerted by hormonal alterations. PMID- 3258914 TI - Complement fixing immune complexes containing antinuclear antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Immune complexes (IC) in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were isolated using goat antihuman C3 and rabbit antihuman Clq immunoabsorbent columns. The sera from 12 patients with SLE were sequentially eluted from the columns with veronal buffer, 0.02 M EDTA, 0.5 M NaCl, and 1 M propionic acid. The isolated IC were analyzed for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) with an HEp-2 cell substrate. ANA were detected in 6 patients' eluates from the EDTA fractions and 2 patients' propionic acid fraction by the antihuman Clq column method. ANA were noted in 7 patients' isolates from antihuman C3 column, 6 EDTA fractions, and 2 patients' propionic acid fractions. The ANA showed speckled patterns in 6 patients and a diffuse pattern in 1. Our studies demonstrate complement fixing IC containing ANA can be detected in the sera of patients with SLE by isolation with the antihuman Clq and antihuman C3 columns. PMID- 3258915 TI - High dose intravenous methotrexate with leucovorin rescue in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Five patients with severe, treatment refractory rheumatoid arthritis were treated with high dose intravenous methotrexate (500 mg/m2) followed by leucovorin (50 mg/m2). Four courses of chemotherapy were given over a 2-month interval. At the end of the final course, there was a 50% or greater improvement in joint swelling and pain indices and morning stiffness in all patients. Clinical responses persisted for 6-14 weeks posttherapy. High dose methotrexate-leucovorin was associated with a significant reduction in DR antigen expression on peripheral Leu 2, Leu 3 and Leu 4 lymphocytes. PMID- 3258916 TI - Clinical, serologic and immunogenetic studies in patients with chronic cutaneous (discoid) lupus erythematosus who have verrucous and/or hypertrophic skin lesions. AB - Verrucous and/or hypertrophic lesions occasionally occur in patients with lupus erythematosus. It has been suggested that these patients have skin disease which is characterized by chronicity and resistance to therapy other than intralesional corticosteroids. We studied 8 patients with chronic cutaneous (discoid) lupus erythematosus and 1 patient with papulosquamous subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with verrucous and/or hypertrophic lesions. Serologic, immunogenetic, and clinical data were gathered to confirm the distinctiveness of this subset and to seek specific laboratory correlates. PMID- 3258917 TI - Parotid sialography and minor salivary gland biopsy in the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. A comparative study of 84 patients. AB - Parotid sialography and labial salivary gland biopsy were performed in 84 patients with clinical features of primary or secondary Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Signs of focal sialoadenitis were found in 73/84 patients (87%), but only 37 (44%) scored 4 which is considered diagnostic for classic SS. In contrast 55/84 patients (66%) showed some sialographic abnormalities. In patients with both primary and secondary SS, hypergammaglobulinemia and anti-SSA antibodies appeared to be the serological variables more closely related to the entity of either sialographic or histologic abnormalities. In primary SS extraglandular manifestations and recurrent parotid swelling were significantly associated with parotid sialography and labial salivary gland biopsy changes, respectively. Our study indicates that currently both radiological and histological examination are necessary for the assessment of salivary gland involvement in SS. PMID- 3258918 TI - Lupus nephritis: association between serology and renal biopsy measures. AB - The relationship between serologic tests and renal histologic change over time was examined in 55 patients with lupus nephritis. After a median interval of 40 months on various immunosuppressive drug regimens, C3 complement levels were improved in 78% of patients and anti-DNA levels were improved in 85%. Comparison of initial and followup renal pathology showed that the activity index of the biopsy improved in 82%, while the chronicity index worsened in 71% of patients. Normalization of C3, but not anti-DNA levels, was associated with a lowering of the activity index on repeat biopsy. Prolonged depression of serum C3 levels was associated with a trend (p = 0.066) towards worsening of the chronicity index, but the change in chronicity index showed no relationship to the duration of elevated anti-DNA. Our studies indicate that abnormal levels of C3 complement are predictive of the degree of persistently active glomerular disease, but that duration of abnormal C3 or anti-DNA are less consistent predictors of the acquisition of chronic, irreversible renal lesions. PMID- 3258919 TI - Antibody to ribonucleoprotein in pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Sera from 8 children with pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were studied to determine the nuclear antigen to which antinuclear antibody (ANA) is directed. No patient had antibody to native DNA, nuclear histones, or saline soluble nuclear antigens. Trypsin treatment of the nuclear substrate abrogated ANA staining for all sera tested, while RNase treatment abrogated ANA activity for 6 of 8 sera. These results indicate that ANA in most patients with pauciarticular JRA is directed to a ribonucleoprotein that requires both RNA and protein moieties for antigenic integrity. PMID- 3258920 TI - Redistribution of cellular mineral and trace element stores in HLA-B27 positive relatives of patients with ankylosing spondylitis--a marker of hidden inflammatory disease. AB - Subjectively healthy HLA-B27 positive 1st degree relatives (n = 14) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were investigated concerning the mass fraction of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr) and copper (Cu) in isolated blood cells using the nuclear microprobe technique. No relative had laboratory signs of inflammatory disease defined by acute phase plasma proteins. An accumulation of Mg, Ca, Mn and Fe was found in granulocytes compared with healthy controls. In platelets there was an accumulation of Fe and a reduction of the Cu content. In erythrocytes Ca was accumulated and the levels of Mg, Mn and Cu were reduced compared with the controls. Five of the relatives had radiological signs of sacroiliitis and 1 of these had sacroiliac tenderness. Relatives with and without radiological sacroiliitis showed no differences in the cellular metal amounts. When the alterations were compared with those previously found in patients with AS, a striking similarity was noted, although the changes were quantitatively less pronounced. In contrast B27 negative 1st degree relatives (n = 11) had normal mineral amounts in their cells. However, it seems less likely that altered metal handling could play a primary role for the disease susceptibility linked to HLA B27 since B27 positive healthy controls (n = 12) without AS in the family had normal cellular stores of the measured elements. Rather our findings indicate that redistribution of cellular metals is an extremely sensitive marker of an inflammatory process not evident by clinical symptoms or increase of acute phase plasma proteins. PMID- 3258921 TI - Absence of Antienterobacteriaceae and anti-HLA-B27 antibodies in mitogen stimulated cultures of lymphocytes from patients with Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Lymphocytes from HLA-B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis or Reiter's syndrome and from matched controls were cultured with pokeweed mitogen and heat-killed S. aureus bacteria under conditions designed to maximize immunoglobulin production. Despite the secretion of microgram quantities of immunoglobulin, which were not significantly different in patients and controls, only negligible amounts of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies to Campylobacter, Shigella and Yersinia were detectable. In addition, no anti-HLA-B27 antibodies were produced by any patient. Our results are not consistent with the hypothesis that HLA-B27 crossreactive antibodies to Enterobacteriaceae antigens have a role in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis or Reiter's syndrome. PMID- 3258922 TI - An analysis of rheumatology cases presenting to the emergency room of a teaching hospital. AB - We surveyed diagnoses on 5592 consecutive new cases presenting to a general hospital emergency room. The number of cases that could be judged "rheumatic" were analyzed further to determine the spectrum of rheumatologic problems that were seen in this facility. Four hundred eighty-three cases were studied. Precise diagnosis frequently could not be determined, but the largest group was soft tissue rheumatism. A wide variety of "rheumatologic" cases were seen initially in the emergency room. The clinical disposition and followup on these patients was also determined. PMID- 3258923 TI - Diffuse Achilles tendon thickening in juvenile onset seronegative HLA-B27 positive spondyloarthropathy. PMID- 3258924 TI - Synthesis and biodistribution of 99mTc-labeled piperidinyl bis(aminoethanethiol) complexes: potential brain perfusion imaging agents for single photon emission computed tomography. AB - In developing clinically useful 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals for the evaluation of regional cerebral perfusion with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), a number of substituted alkyl(aryl)piperidinyl bis(aminoethanethiol) ligands for chelating [99mTc]TcO(III) were synthesized. Each ligand forms two diastereomers, syn and anti, after reacting with a racemic mixture of the ligand. The diastereomers were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In biodistribution studies conducted in rats, the diastereomers exhibit widely disparate brain uptake values; however, this disparity seems to diminish as the steric bulk of the substituent at the C-4 position of the piperidinyl moiety increases. Furthermore, all the complexes evaluated failed to show a prolonged retention in the rat brain, suggesting that further structural modification may be necessary to obtain clinically useful complexes from this class of compounds. PMID- 3258925 TI - Melanin concentrating hormone analogues: contraction of the cyclic structure. 1. Agonist activity. AB - Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) is a heptadecapeptide, Asp-Thr-Met-Arg-Cys Met-Val-Gly-Arg-Val-Tyr-Arg-Pro-Cys-Trp-Glu-Val, which is synthesized in the hypothalamus and secreted by the neurohypophysis of teleost fishes. This hormone exhibits both MCH-like as well as alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone) like activity. We have examined the role of the disulfide bond for the two contrasting melanotropic activities of MCH. Nine analogues of the parent peptide were synthesized and characterized for biological activity. The disulfide ring was contracted from the 5-14 to the 7-14, 8-14, and 10-14 residues with concomitant substitution of alanine for Cys at position 5 in each of the heptadecapeptides. Similar substitutions were made in a series of MCH analogues. In addition, the following cyclic peptides also were synthesized: [Cys7]MCH, [Cys8]MCH, and [Cys10]MCH. The fish-skin bioassay is sensitive to MCH at a concentration of 10(-12) M. All ring-contracted analogues were inactive at 10(-6) M or lower concentrations; less than 1/1,000,000 compared to MCH (1.0) except [Ala5,Cys8]MCH (0.0008; 1/1250), [Cys10]MCH (0.000 09; 1/10,000), and [Cys8]MCH (0.000 001; 1/1,000,000). In the frog-skin bioassay, [Ala5,Cys10]MCH, although lacking MCH-like activity in the fish-skin bioassay, was equipotent to MCH in its alpha-MSH-like component of activity. Most other analogues were either inactive or much less active than MCH in stimulating melanosome dispersion. These results demonstrate that the disulfide bond between positions 5 and 14 is essential for the MCH-like activity since contraction of the ring generally leads to inactive peptides. Contraction of the disulfide bridge does not, however, have as great an effect on the MSH-like activity of MCH. PMID- 3258926 TI - Evaluation of coronary bypass graft patency by ultrafast computed tomography. AB - A noninvasive technique for determining bypass graft patency is greatly needed. To determine if bypass graft patency could be accurately assessed with ultrafast computed tomography (CT) following an intravenous contrast injection, ten patients with 21 coronary bypass grafts were studied. All patients had cardiac catheterization and ultrafast computed tomographic studies within one month of each other. The sensitivity of detecting angiographically open grafts with ultrafast CT was 94.1% (16/17), specificity of detecting angiographically closed grafts was 100% (4/4), and accuracy was 95.2% (20/21). These preliminary results in a small clinical series indicate that ultrafast CT may be a useful, minimally invasive technique for evaluating coronary bypass graft patency. PMID- 3258928 TI - Clinical significance of dipyridamole Tl-201 emission computed tomography perfusion abnormality for evaluating pathophysiological and pathological aspects in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - A dipyridamole-induced Tl-201 perfusion abnormality was evaluated from its clinical features, echocardiography and myocardial histopathology in 39 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). From the findings of Tl-201 emission computed tomography (ECT), subjects were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 16) which did not show a perfusion abnormality in the hypertrophic region; group 2 (n = 12) which showed a perfusion defect on the initial image with complete redistribution on the delayed image; and group 3 (n = 11) which showed a persistent perfusion defect--this group included most patients who revealed partial and/or incomplete redistribution. Echocardiography revealed that group 2 showed a marked asymmetrical septal hypertrophy and an incidental obstructive pattern, and that group 3 had a significantly dilated left ventricular diastolic dimension and a decreased percentage of fractional shortening. Group 3 also showed frequent ventricular tachycardia and a familial history of cardiomyopathy. As for the myocardial biopsy findings, group 3 had significantly advanced myocardial fibrosis, the percentage being 6.0 +/- 3.1% in group 1; 5.5 +/- 2.5% in group 2; and 11.9 +/- 3.4% in group 3. Thus, it was concluded that the persistent perfusion defect on dipyridamole stress Tl-201 ECT testing is an important finding corresponding to the advanced clinical and pathological aspects of HCM. PMID- 3258927 TI - Characterization of growth factors derived from the rat ventral prostate. AB - Tissue homogenates of rat ventral prostate were examined for growth factor activity using a fibroblast mitogenesis assay. G-75 Sephadex gel filtration separated the growth factor activity into two peaks. A broad first peak contained 98% of the protein and several growth factor moieties. A smaller second peak (MW 6,000) contained epidermal growth factor (EGF) as determined by binding in both a competitive receptor binding assay and a radioimmunoassay using anti-mouse epidermal growth factor (anti-mEGF). The broad first peak also contained substantial amounts of EGF-like activity as higher MW forms of EGF. The broad first peak was further fractionated by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. A major fraction with growth factor activity eluted at 1.5 M NaCl and this fraction was shown to contain bFGF by immunostaining with antisera prepared against synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acid sequences 1-12 (amino terminal), 33-43 (internal), and 136-145 (carboxy terminal) of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). EGF-like and bFGF-like molecules account for the major growth factor activity in the rat ventral prostate. PMID- 3258929 TI - Angiographic comparison of the internal mammary artery graft and the saphenous vein graft within 2 months and 6 to 12 months after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Angiographic status of the saphenous vein graft (SVG) and the internal mammary artery graft (IMAG) anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery were compared at two different postoperative periods; - within 2 months and at 6 to 12 months after the operation. In 50 SVGs and 35 IMAGs which were studied at the early postoperative period, the rate of intact, stenosed and occluded grafts were almost the same in these two kinds of grafts. However, in 35 SVGs and 25 IMAGs which were studied at the later period, the stenosis of SVG increased significantly while IMAG remained intact. The rate of intact, stenosed and occluded grafts at postoperative 6 to 12 months were 71%, 23% and 6% in SVG, and 88%, 8% and 4% in IMAG, respectively. Considering the better angiographic quality of IMAG, use of IMAG to bypass the most important coronary artery should be considered especially when the patients are younger. PMID- 3258931 TI - [Significance of coronary collaterals in aortocoronary bypass surgery--the effects on myocardial perfusion and wall motion]. PMID- 3258930 TI - [Effect of selective cardiac denervation combined with aorto-coronary bypass surgery on intraoperative myocardial protection]. PMID- 3258932 TI - [A case report of successful aorto-coronary bypass in a patient with ischemic disease and hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3258933 TI - [Two-stage operation for abdominal aortic aneurysm accompanying coronary vessel disease]. PMID- 3258934 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass surgery in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus and calcified aorta]. PMID- 3258935 TI - Effects of simultaneous cholesterol loading upon vitamin D toxicosis in dogs. PMID- 3258936 TI - Efficacy of a bivalent vaccine containing serovar 2 and 5 strains of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae in pigs or in guinea pigs. PMID- 3258937 TI - Ultrastructural changes in adrenocortical cells following injection of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in fetal rats. PMID- 3258938 TI - The interleukin hypothesis: a quantitative assessment. PMID- 3258939 TI - [Incidence of adrenogenital syndrome in East Germany based on surveys in 2 districts]. PMID- 3258940 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of segmental extrahepatic portal hypertension]. PMID- 3258941 TI - [The immune status of patients with a suppurative infection of the abdominal cavity and choice of immunocorrective actions]. PMID- 3258942 TI - Use of Haemophilus polysaccharide vaccine in a rural clinic setting. PMID- 3258943 TI - Derivation of cells with lytic activity against fresh and cultured tumors from human bone marrow. AB - We studied the derivation of cells with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity from human bone marrow cultures. In these experiments, 26/26 specimens of human bone marrow obtained from sternum, iliac crest, rib, and humerus cultured with IL-2 (1000 U/cc) under varying conditions were able to generate LAK activity. LAK activity obtained from bone marrow mononuclear cell cultures (BMMC) was observed only with exposure to IL-2. Peak LAK activity against fresh melanomas and renal cell carcinoma and sarcomas was obtained usually by the second or third week in culture and could be maintained in some instances for greater than 28 days. Parallel experiments comparing autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) cultured under identical conditions and tested simultaneously with BMMC demonstrated comparable LAK activity. T-cell depletion using sheep red blood cell rosetting and density separation on discontinuous gradients did not significantly enrich for a population with enhanced LAK activity. The use of irradiated Epstein-Barr virus-B-cell feeder lines significantly enhanced generation of LAK activity from BMMC when compared to controls (P less than 0.006). Conditioned media from PHA-stimulated 2-day and 4-day PBL cultures, 4-day mixed lymphocyte cultures, and 3-day LAK cultures did not consistently increase the growth or lytic activity of BMMC cultures grown in the presence of IL-2 (1000 U/cc). Phenotypic analysis of BMMC cultures after culture with IL-2 with lytic activity revealed mixed populations with mature T cells (CD3) and null cells (CD2+/CD4- and Leu 19+/Leu 7+) with decreased myeloid precursors (My 9+). PMID- 3258944 TI - 17th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: B cell development. PMID- 3258945 TI - Late results of ascending aorta-descending aorta bypass grafts for recurrent coarctation of aorta. AB - Ten patients between the ages of 10 and 17 years underwent ascending aorta descending aorta bypass grafts for recurrent coarctation at the Oregon Health Sciences University from 1975 to 1984. The combined approach through a left thoracotomy and median sternotomy was used in all the patients. This operation was used when the segment of recoarctation was long, dense adhesions were present, collaterals were inadequate, or when a cardiac operation was necessary for an associated lesion. All the patients survived the operation, and the long term results to date have been satisfactory. PMID- 3258946 TI - Beneficial effects of endotracheal extubation on ventricular performance. Implications for early extubation after cardiac operations. AB - Early endotracheal extubation has been shown to be a safe postoperative management option in patients having cardiac operations. However, few objective data exist on the response of ventricular performance to early termination of controlled ventilation. Seven patients undergoing routine elective coronary artery bypass grafting or adult repair of atrial septal defect were studied after intraoperative placement of left ventricular micromanometers, left ventricular minor axis dimension crystals, and left atrial and intrapleural pressure catheters. Physiologic data were recorded intraoperatively, during controlled mandatory ventilation in the intensive care unit, and during spontaneous respiration immediately after extubation. Extubation to spontaneous breathing was associated with a significant decline in intrapleural pressure and significant increases in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, ejection diameter shortening, stroke work, and cardiac output. The augmented left ventricular diastolic filling seemed to result from the fall in intrapleural pressure and perhaps from normalization of right ventricular afterload. The preload recruitable stroke work relationship showed that myocardial contractility remained constant after extubation, and ventricular function improved primarily because of increased preload associated with shifting of the capacitance blood volume toward the chest. Thus endotracheal extubation enhances cardiac performance after uncomplicated cardiac surgical procedures, and by this mechanism early extubation may be clinically beneficial as a routine adjunct to postoperative care. PMID- 3258948 TI - Clinical cardiac assist with synchronously stimulated skeletal muscle. PMID- 3258947 TI - Brucella infective endocarditis. Successful combined medical and surgical therapy. AB - Five cases of Brucella infective endocarditis are described involving a native aortic valve, two native mitral valves, a mitral valve bioprosthesis, and a ventricular septal defect patch. The diagnosis of Brucella infective endocarditis was established from the clinical features, with a high Brucella serologic titer in each case. Blood and tissue cultures were positive in four of five patients. Two-dimensional echocardiograms demonstrated moderately large vegetations on the three affected native valves and the patch and also revealed the development of vegetation on the mitral bioprosthesis as the disease progressed. All the patients were successfully treated by combined surgical and medical therapy, the latter consisting of co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, and streptomycin/gentamicin for 6 weeks; the affected valves and the ventricular septal defect patch were all replaced. There were no operative deaths and there has been no recurrence of infection to date. One patient died suddenly of an unknown cause 1 year after the operation. PMID- 3258950 TI - Can transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation be safely used in patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers? AB - In 51 patients who had 20 different models of permanent cardiac pacemakers, we conducted transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation studies at four anatomic sites--the lumbar area, cervical spine, left leg, and lower arm area ipsilateral to the pacemaker. With a mean stimulation of 24.7 Hz, no episodes of interference, inhibition, or reprogramming of the pacemakers occurred. The proximity of the stimulation site to the pulse generator had no effect. We did not study electrodes placed parallel to the pacemaker electrode vector, a position that has been of concern to others and that should probably be avoided until proved safe. On the basis of our findings, we believe that most patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers can safely undergo transcutaneous nerve stimulation. PMID- 3258949 TI - Inhibition of T-lymphocyte proliferation by the cyclic polypeptide didemnin B: no inhibition of lymphokine stimulation. AB - We investigated possible mechanisms by which the cyclic depsipeptide didemnin B (DB) inhibits lymphocyte proliferation. DB inhibited the proliferation of Con-A stimulated murine splenocytes, the interleukin-2 (IL-2) dependent proliferation of the CTLL-2 cell line, and the interleukin 4 (IL 4) dependent growth of both CTLL-2 and D10.G.4.1 cell lines at approximately equimolar concentrations (SD50 = 3 to 10 X 10(-9)M). Inhibition of CTLL-2 growth by 10(-8)M DB was partially reversible, and significantly blocked the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine even when added 24 hr after initial IL 2 stimulation. Concentrations of DB (10(-8)M) that completely blocked mitogen-driven spleen cell blastogenesis only partially inhibited the synthesis and secretion of IL-2. Although DB blocked the growth of T lymphocyte clones in response to both recombinant human IL 2 and recombinant murine IL 4, the suppression was not due to an uncoupling of lymphokinetic signaling but was closely correlated with an inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis. Addition of DB to an in vitro translation system did not inhibit protein synthesis. Thus, we conclude that DB functions as an antiproliferative, and not as a specifically immunosuppressive, compound. PMID- 3258951 TI - Vestibular function in experimental endolymphatic hydrops. AB - Endolymphatic sac ablation in the guinea pig can result in a dilated membranous labyrinth and low-frequency hearing loss similar to patients with Meniere's disease. However, this animal model fails to develop analogous symptoms of a Meniere's crisis such as sudden hearing loss and marked vestibular imbalance. Possibly, factors in addition to endolymphatic hydrops must be present to result in a crisis episode. By placing animals in an inverted posture, their intralabyrinthine pressure was elevated, causing additional stress on the inner ears. Standard electronystagmographic techniques were used to monitor vestibular imbalance, which appeared as spontaneous nystagmus in the dark. Nineteen of 23 animals with unilateral endolymphatic hydrops showed spontaneous nystagmus in an inverted posture. Physiologic mechanisms explaining these results are described. PMID- 3258952 TI - Epidermal growth factor-like proteins in breast fluid and human milk. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), and the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) family of proteins, which also bind to the EGF receptor, have been associated with human breast cancer. The total EGF-like proteins were determined by a radioreceptor assay, and TGF-alpha by radioimmunoassay, in human milk and breast fluid samples. The breast fluids were collected by nipple aspiration from healthy premenopausal women. Both the 24 milks and 18 breast fluids assayed contained EGF-like proteins, at concentrations ranging from 32-600 ng/ml (median, 140 ng/ml), and 62-654 ng/ml (median, 205 ng/ml) respectively. Immunoreactive TGF alpha proteins were detected at higher levels in 21 breast fluids (range, 0-50.0; median 5.1 ng/ml) than in 24 milk samples (range, 0-8.4; median, 0.8 ng/ml). PMID- 3258953 TI - [Effect of transforming growth factor-beta and epidermal growth factor on cell growth of human breast cancer]. PMID- 3258954 TI - Monoclonal antibody (G6) inhibiting IgA binding to fixed Fc alpha R(+) T2D4 cells. Monoclonal antibody recognizing IgA-binding sites on fixed T2D4 cells. PMID- 3258955 TI - Regulation of IgA synthesis and secretion: role of isotype restricted and nonrestricted signals. PMID- 3258956 TI - Mucosal immune response to cholera toxin--cellular basis of memory and adjuvant action. PMID- 3258957 TI - Elevated serum interleukin-2 levels in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3258958 TI - Treatment of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders with interferon alfa and intravenous gamma globulin. PMID- 3258959 TI - Evaluation of the diagnostic value of the PABA test in the assessment of chronic pancreatic disease. PMID- 3258960 TI - [Cerebral blood flow in patients with thalamic hemorrhage--Part 1: Serial changes of cerebral blood flow in conservatively treated patients]. AB - Serial changes of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in nine patients with thalamic hemorrhage are studied. Measurement of CBF was performed in 3 times (acute, subacute and chronic stage) by the 133 Xe inhalation method using rapidly rotating single photon emission CT (SPECT, Tomomatic 64). The outcome was judged at 16 weeks from onset according to the activities of daily life. All patients divided into two groups (good group and poor group) [Result] 1. Serial changes in mean hemispheric CBF (mCBF) of both hematoma and nonhematoma side between good group and poor group. Between two groups, the significant difference was observed only in hematoma side was 77% CBF in acute stage and it was gradually improved in subacute stage. mCBF of nonhematoma side was normal value in all stage. In poor group, mCBF of hematoma side was 64% CBF in acute stage and it was slightly improved in chronic stage (70% CBF). Slice 2 mCBF of nonhematoma side was 69% CBF in acute stage and it was improved in subacute (74% CBF) and chronic (78% CBF) stage. 2. Serial changes in regional CBF (rCBF)--H (hematoma area).A (anterior area of hematoma).L (lateral area of hematoma).P (posterior area of hematoma) of hematoma side between good group and poor group. Between two groups, the significant differences were observed in rCBF-H.L.P on subacute stage and rCBF-P on chronic stage. Serial changes in rCBF were similar to those in slice 2 mCBF of hematoma side. 3. Serial changes in rCBF-H.A.L.P of nonhematoma side between good group and poor group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3258961 TI - Value of skull radiography, head computed tomographic scanning, and admission for observation in cases of minor head injury. AB - A retrospective review of 373 adult patients admitted to Harbor General Hospital between 1980 and 1984 for minor closed head injury (Glasgow coma scale 13-15) was performed to determine the benefits of skull radiography, computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the head, and admission for observation. Variables reviewed were mental status, neurological examination, presence or absence of loss of consciousness, clinical evidence of basilar skull fracture, and fracture on skull radiography. The neurological examination (including mental status and Glasgow coma scale) in the emergency room was the best predictor of subsequent deterioration or the presence of an operative hematoma. The only patients with Glasgow coma scale scores of 15 who required surgical evacuation of an extraaxial hematoma had focal neurological deficits referable to hemispheric compression, with or without an abnormal mental status. A Glasgow coma scale score of 13 or 14 places the patient at risk either of having a hematoma requiring surgery or of deteriorating. We recommend that a head CT scan be obtained on all patients with Glasgow coma scale scores of less than 15, abnormal mental status, or hemispheric neurological deficits. If no operative lesion is found on the CT scan, the patient should be admitted for observation because there is still a risk of deterioration. Those with a Glasgow coma scale score of 15, a normal mental status, and no hemispheric neurological deficit may be discharged to be observed at home by a competent observer despite basilar or calvarial skull fracture, loss of consciousness, or cranial nerve deficit. No benefit was gained from skull radiography in any group. PMID- 3258962 TI - Cerebrovascular hemodynamics in arteriovenous malformation complicated by normal perfusion pressure breakthrough. AB - Catastrophic hyperemic states are known complications after the treatment of certain types of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). A case is presented in which a large AVM was preoperatively embolized and later resected. There was clear intra- and postoperative evidence of edema and hemorrhage, which resulted in a fatal outcome. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) data from this patient obtained with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) both before and after embolization were compared with data from four patients with similar size supratentorial AVMs treated and studied in a similar protocol who did not develop perfusion breakthrough. Pretreatment hemispheric rCBF was significantly reduced in this patient's ipsilateral hemisphere (50 ml/100 g/min) compared to the control group mean (83 +/- 9.5 ml/100 g/min). A similar relative depression was found in the contralateral hemisphere. After therapeutic embolization, the ipsilateral rCBF increased by 33 ml/100 g/min and the contralateral hemispheric rCBF increased by 30 ml/100 g/min; this embolization induced increase in rCBF was significantly higher than in the control group. Acetazolamide, known to increase rCBF in normal tissue by 35 +/- 3%, resulted in a 56% augmentation of ipsilateral hemispheric flow before embolization in the reported patient vs. a 22 +/- 10% increase for the control group. Postembolization, this hyperresponsiveness to acetazolamide remained unchanged. It is possible that these hemodynamic derangements may indicate a dissociation between the vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory reactivity in chronically hypoperfused territories adjacent to AVMs such that pharmacological or metabolic stimuli may induce further vasodilation, but sudden redistribution of large volumes of flow will not promote protective vasoconstriction. PMID- 3258963 TI - Effective preoperative irradiation of highly vascular cerebellopontine angle neurinomas. AB - Three cases of large cerebellopontine angle neurinoma with marked vascularity and tumor staining on the angiogram were treated with effective preoperative irradiation. The radiotherapy was given before the second operation in two cases and before the first operation in the other case. Irradiation doses administered with a linear accelerator were 2.34 to 3.0 Gy for 3 to 3.5 weeks, and radical operations were done 1.5 to 2 months after irradiation. After the irradiation, vertebral angiography showed moderate to marked decrease of the hypervascular capsular stain and disappearance of the early draining vein. Computed tomographic scan showed enlargement of the central necrotic area within the heterogeneously enhanced tumor, which was unchanged in size. Radical operations, which had been impossible because of uncontrollable massive bleeding, were successful without any intraoperative bleeding after radiotherapy. Postirradiation radiological findings corresponded well with those of histopathological examination, which showed decrease in cellularity and in vascularity and diffuse coagulation necrosis around the collapsed tumoral vessels as radiation effects. Preoperative irradiation of the hypervascular neurinoma was though to facilitate radical surgery by abolishing or diminishing the risk of intraoperative bleeding. PMID- 3258964 TI - Restoration of hearing after removal of cerebellopontine angle meningioma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. AB - A case of cerebellopontine angle meningioma with restoration of hearing from a profoundly deaf state is presented. Meningiomas of the posterior fossa commonly present with decreased or absent hearing and can appear deceptively similar to acoustic neurinomas on radiographic and audiometric testing. Because total restoration of hearing can occur with meningioma, even with significant preoperative deficit, utilization of the translabyrinthine approach is less desirable if any preoperative question as to the diagnosis exists. Any hearing impaired patient with a cerebellopontine angle mass that is not conclusively thought to represent acoustic neurinoma should be approached by the suboccipital technique to maximize the opportunity for restoration of hearing. PMID- 3258965 TI - Slit ventricle syndrome presenting with paroxysmal hypersomnia in an adult: case report. AB - The slit ventricle syndrome (SVS), defined as intermittent shunt malfunction without substantial ventricular enlargement, is usually observed in shunted children with small, slitlike ventricles. This syndrome has been attributed to recurrent obstruction of the ventricular catheter, which then causes an increase of intracranial pressure. Only rarely has the SVS been reported in adults. We describe a 29-year-old woman whose shunt malfunction presented with long-lasting paroxysmal hypersomnia and was diagnosed with computed tomographic evidence of small lateral ventricles. This episodic hypersomnia presented every 2 to 3 weeks and each episode lasted 1 to 2 weeks. After revision of the ventricular catheter, her symptoms stopped and she remained well. PMID- 3258966 TI - Head movement co-ordination in the African chameleon. AB - Chameleon head movement was studied to learn how information from more than one sensory system can be co-ordinated to produce a single motor behavior. In this study, the co-ordination of visual, vestibular, and kinesthetic senses was examined by: (1) moving a cricket back and forth in front of a hungry chamelon, (2) moving the body of an alert chameleon or the body of an anesthetized chameleon, and (3) moving both a cricket and the body of an alert chameleon. During cricket movement, the chameleon locked both eyes straight forward in their orbits and followed the cricket movement with a visually guided head movement. During movement of the body of an alert chameleon, the vestibulo-collic reflex kept the chameleon's head relatively stationary in space. During movement of the body of an anesthetized chameleon, there was no measurable movement of the head relative to the body. Thus, during the body movements used in this study, passively induced kinesthetic stimulation was negligible. It was hypothesized that during movement of both a cricket and the body of an alert chameleon, the visually guided head movement and the vestibulo-collic reflex were additive. This hypothesis was supported by demonstrating that in this situation, the vestibulo collic reflex was not suppressed. It is suggested that the vestibulo-collic reflex compensated for the passive head movement produced by body movement without canceling active, visually guided head movement. This may have been accomplished by the use of an efference copy system associated with the motor commands that produce visually guided head movement. PMID- 3258967 TI - Immunocytochemical ultrastructural study of hypothalamic neurons containing corticotropin-releasing factor in normal and adrenalectomized rats. AB - The neurons of the rat hypothalamus which secrete corticotropin-releasing factor were studied by using a pre-embedding immunocytochemical staining technique that improves both the penetration of immunoreagents within the tissue and the preservation of the ultrastructural morphology of labeled structures. Comparison was made between the subcellular location of corticotropin-releasing factor-41 in perikarya of the paraventricular nucleus and axons of the median eminence, both in intact and adrenalectomized animals either untreated or 24 h after the intracerebral injection of colchicine. Morphometric analysis of the numerical density and of the diameter of corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactive neurosecretory granules in axons of the median eminence of rats not treated with colchicine, indicated that the main modifications induced by adrenalectomy concerned (1) the differential repartition of labeled granules within the preterminal and terminal axonal portions of the median eminence, and (2) the enlargement of the diameter of labeled granules contained in these axons (from 98 nm to 165 nm). In the hypothalamus of intact and adrenalectomized rats, colchicine treatment increased the number of corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactive granules in the neuronal perikarya and reduced their number in the axons, but both these variations were much more marked in adrenalectomized rats. Although the corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactive granules that accumulated in the perikarya after colchicine treatment were slightly smaller than those in the corresponding axons, the diameter of perikaryal-labeled granules was larger in adrenalectomized than in intact animals (129 nm vs 93 nm). These findings fit the idea that adrenalectomy markedly stimulates both the synthesis and axonal excretion of secretory granules in the hypothalamic neurons secreting corticotropin-releasing factor. They also indicate that suppression of circulating corticosteroids induces qualitative modifications in these neurons leading to the visualization of larger neurosecretory granules, which may reflect differential synthesis and granular packing of synergistic peptides other than corticotropin-releasing factor and/or changes in the process of intragranular maturation of hormonal material. PMID- 3258968 TI - Changes in the synaptic cleft potassium concentration produced by polarizing currents. AB - How much the cleft K+ concentration ([K+]c) is changed by a step-like shift of an endplate membrane potential was estimated from the resulting acceleration of frequency of miniature endplate currents and the dependence of miniature endplate currents frequency on bath K+ concentration ([K+]0). The absolute change in [K+]c is generally constant, and hence relatively more pronounced the lower the [K+]0. It is estimated that in physiological solution [( K+]0 = 2 mM), [K+]c is at least tripled (approximately 6 mM) if the muscle membrane is held at the reversal potential (Vr) for the endplate currents. The same step-like shift in muscle membrane potential leads to an almost instantaneous change of endplate current amplitudes or of their time constants of decay. This indicates that cleft K+ changes have no effect on the voltage dependence of amplitudes and decay phases of endplate currents (and hence on Vr also). The lack of postsynaptic effect of change in [K+]0 from 0.1 to 10 mM and only small influence of [K+]0 changes on nerve-evoked quantal release explain these findings. PMID- 3258969 TI - Resolving metabolic abnormalities in a case of pure alexia. AB - We report resolving metabolic abnormalities corresponding to clinical improvement in a patient with pure alexia secondary to acute cerebral infarction. Local cerebral glucose metabolism (lCMRgl) was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) close to ictus and 4 1/2 months later. Serial CTs and a subsequent MRI demonstrated small, unchanging left hemispheric lesions involving the area of the lateral geniculate body and the splenium of the corpus callosum. PET demonstrated the evolution of the metabolic abnormality resulting from intrahemispheric (lateral geniculate) and interhemispheric (splenium) disconnection in the absence of occipital lobe infarction. This case illustrates that cerebral disconnection can result in the syndrome of pure alexia. The factors accounting for focal hypometabolism in the absence of cerebral infarction are discussed. PMID- 3258970 TI - Relation of EEG alpha background to parietal lobe function in Alzheimer's disease as measured by positron emission tomography and psychometry. AB - Fourteen patients with Alzheimer's disease were evaluated by psychometric testing, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET), and EEG. They were divided into two groups according to the EEG findings. Group A (seven patients) had normal alpha backgrounds and group B (seven patients) had decreased alpha backgrounds. Group A had significantly higher WAIS Performance IQ scores (p = 0.005) than group B. Group A also had higher Weschler Memory Scale scores (p = 0.047) and parietal glucose metabolic rates (p = 0.038) than group B, but these differences are not statistically significant given the multiple comparisons made between the two groups. Relative intactness of parietal lobe function, as measured by psychometric testing and PET, appears to correlate with preservation of EEG alpha background. The EEG may be useful in assessing regional cortical involvement or the clinical stage in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3258971 TI - TIAs: we need to return to the question, 'What is wrong with Mr. Jones?'. PMID- 3258972 TI - [Monoclonal antibody assessment of lymphocyte subpopulations in rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients in relation to stage and treatment]. AB - Twenty patients with various stages of RA were examined. They included: 1) 7 cases in Steinbroker stage 1 (onset); 2) 13 cases in Steinbroker stage 2-3 (chronic). The group was divided into 16 treated and 4 untreated cases. Monoclonal antibodies were used to assay T3, T4, T8 and T4/T8 ratio and the results were compared with those in a control group. The results showed a T8 deficit and a consequent change in the T4/T8 ratio in untreated subjects with "onset" RA. The immune situation of the chronic and treated cases was very similar to that in the control group probably as a result of treatment. PMID- 3258973 TI - [Chronic idiopathic neutropenia: a benign hematological disorder]. AB - Clinical data in 23 consecutive patients with chronic idiopathic neutropenia are reported. During a long-term follow-up (4 to 11 years), none had leukemia or autoimmune diseases. In particular, in no case did serious recurrent infections develop despite severe neutropenia. Immunological studies showed the presence of antibodies to neutrophils in a unique case and of the marker make-up of K lymphocytes in other two with chronic T8 lymphocytosis and associated neutropenia. The immunological features of this syndrome is briefly discussed. Chronic idiopathic neutropenia, even in the presence of an immunological imbalance, is a benign haematological disorder and does not need any treatment. PMID- 3258974 TI - Acute stress or neuroleptics elicit sensorimotor deficits in MPTP-treated mice. AB - The present study evaluates the effects of MPTP-induced striatal DA depletions on sensorimotor behavior in mice. While MPTP produces no obvious behavioral deficits under normal conditions, acute stress (cold swim) or injection of low doses of haloperidol results in marked akinesia, catalepsy, and sensory neglect. Thus, significant behavioral impairments do accompany the neurotoxicity observed after MPTP administration in mice and render this a valuable animal model for studying mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3258975 TI - Existence and coexistence of calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in spinal cord motoneurons of developing embryos and post-hatch chicks. AB - By use of immunocytochemical methods, it is shown that immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and somatostatin (SOM) are present in motoneurons in the chicken spinal cord. While CGRP-like immunoreactivity (LI) is present in numerous motoneurons both before and after hatching, SOM- and VIP-LI markedly decline at the end of the embryonic period. Evidence is also provided for coexistence of some of these peptides in certain spinal motoneurons. PMID- 3258976 TI - Neuronal membrane sensitivity to a salmon calcitonin analogue with negligible ability to lower serum calcium. AB - The effects of [Gly8-des-Leu16-D-Arg24]-salmon calcitonin (CTA) on spontaneous extracellular activity and the passive membrane properties of rat forebrain neurons were studied in vivo and in vitro. This analogue had negligible ability to lower serum calcium relative to salmon calcitonin (SCT), however, the pattern of neuronal membrane sensitivity to CTA was similar to that produced by SCT and calcitonin generelated peptide. Depression of extracellularly recorded spontaneous action potential firing rate was the predominant response of neurons to microiontophoretic application of each peptide in vivo. Intracellular recordings from septal neurons suggest that the extracellularly observed inhibitory effects may be due to changes in membrane potential. We conclude that different structure-activity relationships may apply to the pharmacological effects of calcitonin in brain and its serum calcium-lowering action. PMID- 3258977 TI - The changing character of coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3258978 TI - A new surgical technique for managing sunset syndrome. PMID- 3258979 TI - [Experience with T1-201 scintigraphy of the myocardium under dipyridamole loading before and after aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3258980 TI - Relieving effect of TENS on painful muscle contraction produced by an impairment of reciprocal innervation: an electrophysiological analysis. AB - A young female outpatient experienced painful tonic contractions in the right triceps surae muscles as a result of a partial damage of the right peroneal nerve. Electrophysiological recordings of the soleus muscle showed a tonic EMG activity and an hyperexcitability of the monosynaptic H reflex (Hmax/Mmax ratio: 90%). Application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS, 1-2 min) on the peroneal nerve trunk at the head of the fibula resulted both in a pain relief and in the disappearance of the tonic activity in the muscles supplied by the antagonist nerve. Simultaneously, the Hmax/Mmax ratio decreased to normal values (49%). This was followed by an after-effect lasting more than 30 min. The potential role of an impairment of reciprocal inhibition in the originating mechanism of these troubles is discussed. PMID- 3258981 TI - [Effect of serotonin on experimental ulcerogenesis]. PMID- 3258982 TI - [Effect of reflexotherapy on the status of cellular and local immunity in children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3258983 TI - [Congenital deficiency of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and hepatic lesions in children]. PMID- 3258984 TI - Influence of bombesin, CCK, secretin and CRF on corticosterone concentration in the rat. AB - The ingestion of food increases adrenoglucocorticoid secretion in humans and rats and influences the circadian periodicity of ACTH and corticosterone in rats fed on restricted schedules. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the brain-gut polypeptides CCK33 (10 U/kg), bombesin (10 micrograms/kg) and secretin (10 U/kg) on corticosterone concentrations in fed rats. The responses were compared to that of CRF (1 micrograms/kg). All experiments were begun at 10 a.m., 3 hours after the lights came on. The rats were given single, IP injections of peptide or vehicle (1 ml/kg) then sacrificed 0, 5, 10, 15, 30 or 60 minutes later. Corticosterone was measured fluorometrically. The control injection (vehicle) alone caused a mild stress response with corticosterone levels peaking between 10 and 15 minutes after the injection then returning to baseline. Both CCK33 and bombesin significantly increased corticosterone to approximately 2.5 fold above the control level in a fashion similar to that of CRF. In all three instances corticosterone levels peaked at 30 minutes post-injection. Secretin had no effect on corticosterone secretion. None of the peptides tested stimulated in vitro corticosterone output from isolated adrenal cells. These findings indicate that both CCK and bombesin cause pituitary-adrenal activation which may be related to the response of this system to food ingestion. PMID- 3258985 TI - HLA-A,B,C,DR typing and 17-OHP determination for second trimester prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficient CAH. AB - In 18 families at risk for the HLA-linked, 21-hydroxylase deficient form of autosomal recessive congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), prenatal diagnosis (PD) was performed using two methods: (1) HLA-A,B,C typing and in the latter 11 cases also DR typing of cultured amniotic fluid cells (AFC) using the standard microcytotoxicity assay, and (2) measurement of second trimester amniotic fluid 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentration using gel chromatography and radioimmunoassay. The accuracy of the prenatal predictions was confirmed by postnatal HLA typing of umbilical cord blood lymphocytes and by clinical evaluation. In 16/18 families, both HLA typing of AFC and 17-OHP measurements proved informative for PD. The predictions of both methods were concordant in 14/16 families (88 per cent). In ten of these families, a normal fetus was predicted, and in four, an affected fetus; all pregnancies were carried to term and all predictions were confirmed postnatally. In 2/16 cases (12 per cent), however, the predictions were discordant: the prenatal HLA typing indicated an affected fetus, whereas the 17-OHP values predicted a normal fetus. Both pregnancies were continued and two healthy boys were delivered. The discordance proved to be due to a 'missed' HLA antigen in one case and to serologically cross reactive HLA antigens in the second. Finally, in 2/18 cases, prenatal assessment of fetal genotype had to rely on HLA typing alone as 17-OHP measurement was not performed in one family and in the second family the 17-OHP values obtained were not informative due to inadvertent continuation of hormone therapy to the date of amniocentesis. In both cases, the HLA typing data accurately predicted a normal fetus. In conclusion, a combination of HLA typing of cultured AFC and 17-OHP measurements of amniotic fluid permits accurate prenatal diagnosis of CAH in most cases (88 per cent). In addition, the supplementary use of HLA-DR typing of AFC as presented here for the first time proved helpful in families with HLA-A,B homozygosity due to parental sharing of antigens and can be informative for identifying HLA-B/21-OH recombinant haplotypes. PMID- 3258986 TI - Physical activity and mental health in the United States and Canada: evidence from four population surveys. AB - Secondary analysis of four surveys was carried out in order to examine the association of physical activity and various aspects of mental health in the household populations of the United States and Canada. Level of physical activity was shown to be positively associated with general well-being, lower levels of anxiety and depression, and positive mood. This relationship is independent of the effects of socioeconomic status and physical health, and described younger and older members of both sexes. The association is particularly strong for women and persons age 40 years and over. The robustness of this conclusion stems from the nature of the data sources: four population samples in two countries over the span of 10 years in which physical activity levels were assessed by four techniques and psychological status was assessed by six distinct scales. Although the surveys are cross-sectional, the most plausible explanation for the results is that physical activity enhances mental health in certain respects. Data on the comparative effects of recreation and housework suggest that quality of time, and not mere energy expenditure, must be taken into account in attempts to explain the psychological benefits of physical activity. PMID- 3258987 TI - Smoking, alcohol consumption, and endurance capacity: an analysis of 6,500 19 year-old conscripts and 4,100 joggers. AB - Using data from two Swiss studies, a 20% random sample (n = 6,592) of all 19-year old army conscripts and all male participants in a 16-km popular race (n = 4,358), we studied the relationships among smoking, alcohol consumption, and endurance capacity using univariate and multivariate analyses. Alcohol was significantly correlated with endurance capacity among joggers in univariate analysis, but lost its significance in multivariate analysis. Among army conscripts, the distance covered in a 12-min endurance run was inversely related to daily cigarette consumption and years of smoking (P less than 0.001). This association was apparent even among light smokers who had been smoking for less than 2 years when they were compared with nonsmokers. Among joggers, even when the lower training activity of the smokers was controlled for, smoking retained a negative, independent association with endurance capacity, as measured by 16-km race time. In multiple regression analysis of endurance capacity, the standardized regression coefficient for smoking was -0.14 for distance covered in the 12-min run and 0.10 for 16-km running time, the latter despite the low prevalence (6.9%) of regular cigarette smokers among the joggers. Seventy percent of the 16-km race participants who smoked around the time they took up jogging quit smoking as joggers. Within the limits of this cross-sectional study design, these results suggest that smoking exerts a direct, biologically mediated, deleterious effect on endurance capacity. The lower levels of exercise of the smokers did not entirely explain the difference in endurance between smokers and nonsmokers. This observation of a short-term negative association between even light smoking and endurance capacity may have implications for health education and promotion efforts. PMID- 3258988 TI - [Treatment effectiveness in intrathoracic tuberculosis in children and adolescents and the characteristics of the residual posttuberculosis changes]. PMID- 3258989 TI - [Disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus and amyloidosis in a patient with hereditary alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]. PMID- 3258990 TI - Inhibition of pancreatic and liver carcinogenesis in rats by retinoid- and selenium-supplemented diets. AB - Chemoprevention by a synthetic retinoid, selenium, and these agents in combination during the postinitiation stages of carcinogenesis induced in rats by azaserine was evaluated. Male Lewis rats were given three weekly injections of 30 mg/kg azaserine while being fed a purified diet. One week after completion of carcinogen treatment, groups of rats were switched to the purified diet supplemented with either a retinoid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)retinamide, at a level of 0.5 or 1 mmol/kg diet, or with 5 ppm sodium selenite, or with a combination of retinoid and selenium. One year after the diet change, the incidence of pancreatic and other neoplasms was determined by autopsy and histologic study. The incidence of pancreatic carcinoma (including carcinoma-in-situ, CIS) among nonretinoid-treated controls was 68%. Since the dietary supplements were fed after completion of exposure to the carcinogen, the effects on both pancreatic and liver carcinogenesis were exerted during the postinitiation phase of carcinogenesis. As in previous studies, the retinoid inhibited the progression of pancreatic carcinogenesis in a dose-related fashion. Selenium alone had no effect. However, the combination of retinoid plus selenium was more effective than retinoid alone, although the increase in inhibition was not large. The retinoid was also found to inhibit liver carcinogenesis induced by azaserine. Selenium, either alone or in combination with retinoid, was ineffective. Finally, testicular atrophy, noted as a toxic effect of retinoids in other studies, was not observed in this work. PMID- 3258991 TI - Tissue localization and fate in mice of injected multipotential colony stimulating factor. AB - The hemopoietic regulator multipotential colony-stimulating factor [Multi-CSF (interleukin 3)] has proliferative effects on a wide range of hemopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo. Native or recombinant Multi-CSF injected intravenously into adult mice had an initial half-life of 3-5 min and a second phase of 50 min. Clear labeling of hemopoietic cells was observed in the bone marrow and spleen of mice injected intravenously with recombinant 125I-labeled Multi-CSF showing that injected Multi-CSF can obtain access to such cells in situ. A high proportion of injected 125I-labeled Multi-CSF of both types became localized in the liver and in the kidney (in cells of the Bowman's capsule and proximal renal tubules). The kidney appeared to be an active site of degradation of Multi-CSF with the early appearance of low molecular weight labeled material in the urine. PMID- 3258992 TI - Mutations in human lymphocytes commonly involve gene duplication and resemble those seen in cancer cels. AB - Mutations in human lymphocytes are commonly due to gene deletion. To investigate the mechanism of deletion for autosomal genes, we immunoselected lymphocytes mutated at the HLA-A locus and cloned them for molecular analysis. Of 36 mutant clones that showed deletion of the selected HLA-A allele, 8 had resulted from a simple gene deletion, whereas 28 had resulted from a more complex mutational event involving reduplication of the nonselected HLA-A allele as indicated by hybridization intensity on Southern blots. In 3 of the 28 clones, retention of heterozygosity at the HLA-B locus indicated that the reduplication was due to recombination between the two chromosomes 6; but in the remaining 25 clones, distinction could not be made between recombination and chromosome reduplication. The results indicate that mutations in normal somatic cells frequently result in hemizygosity or homozygosity at gene loci and, thereby, resemble the mutations thought to be important in the etiology of various forms of cancer. PMID- 3258993 TI - Comparative study of the efficacy of co-trimoxazole and cephalexin in respiratory infections. AB - An open, randomized trial was carried out in 50 patients with severe respiratory tract infections due to various pathogens to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of co-trimoxazole and cephalexin. Patients were divided into two groups, each of 25, and treated for 15 days with either 1 tablet of co trimoxazole (160 mg trimethoprim plus 800 mg sulphamethoxazole) every 12 hours or 1 capsule of cephalexin (500 mg) every 6 hours. The results of bacteriological and radiological investigations before and after 10 and 15 days of treatment showed that, although response to cephalexin was somewhat faster, both drugs were equally effective and well-tolerated over the full treatment period and there was good correlation between the laboratory findings as well as clinical improvement in symptoms. Taking the cost-benefit ratio into consideration, it is suggested that co-trimoxazole should be used for first-line therapy in respiratory tract infections and cephalexin only as a reserve drug for infections which do not respond to the routine use of co-trimoxazole. PMID- 3258994 TI - Electrical stimulation versus voluntary exercise in strengthening thigh musculature after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. AB - Twenty patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery were placed randomly and independently in an Electrical Stimulation Group (n = 10) or Voluntary Exercise Group (n = 10) to compare the effectiveness of these two muscle-strengthening protocols. Patients in both groups used simultaneous contraction of quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles during a training regimen that consisted of either voluntary exercise or electrical stimulation trials five days a week for a three-week period within the first six postoperative weeks. After patients completed the training regimen, bilateral maximal isometric measurements of gravity-corrected knee extension and flexion torque were obtained for both groups and percentages were calculated. Results showed that patients in the Electrical Stimulation Group finished the three-week training regimen with higher percentages of both extension and flexion torque when compared with patients in the Voluntary Exercise Group (extension: t = 4.35, p less than .05; flexion; t = 6.64, p less than .05). These results indicate that patients in an electrical stimulation regimen can achieve higher individual thigh musculature strength gains than patients in a voluntary exercise regimen when simultaneous contraction of thigh muscles is prescribed during an early phase of postoperative rehabilitation. PMID- 3258995 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in ischemic tissue. PMID- 3258996 TI - [Epidemiology and psychopathology of epileptics in Bydgoszca Province registered between 1976 and 1980]. AB - In the years 1976-1980, the province of Bydgoszcz had a total of 2635 registered epileptics, or 0.37% of the entire population, over the age of 16. From these, 200 patients were randomly selected, and between 1983 and 1985 a complats clinical follow-up investigation was carried out. Among the most frequent mental disorders found were postparoxysmal twilight state (19.5%) and affective psychoses (11%), among the chronic disorders, dementia of varying intensity (26.5%). In contrast with previous investigations the present investigation made it possible to determine with precision the cause of epileptic attacks. The ratio was 61% to 31%. PMID- 3258997 TI - Brain computerized tomography in subtypes of severe chronic schizophrenia. AB - Computerized tomographic (CT) brain scans were obtained in severely ill, chronic schizophrenic patients hospitalized in a long-term in-patient facility of a Veterans Administration hospital, and compared to CT brain scans from an age, sex and education-matched normal control population. In contrast to results obtained in our previous studies with younger, less severely ill, chronic schizophrenic patients, the current study population exhibited significantly increased rankings of third ventricular size and of fronto-tempero-sylvian atrophy, compared to normal control subjects. PMID- 3258998 TI - State laws on suicide and suicide rates. PMID- 3258999 TI - Effect of changes in handgun control laws on suicide rates. PMID- 3259001 TI - External restraints and suicide and homicide rates. PMID- 3259000 TI - Predicting execution rates in the USA. PMID- 3259002 TI - A comparative study of the interactions of alcohol with amitriptyline, fluoxetine and placebo in normal subjects. AB - 1. Twelve normal volunteer subjects were given amitriptyline, fluoxetine and placebo in clinically relevant doses, each for a period of 7 days. A minimum of 28 days intervened between each drug treatment. 2. A battery of physiological, psychomotor and subjective tests was administered before drugs and on days 4 and 8. 3. On day 8 a measured dose of alcohol was given and the tests repeated 1 hour and 3 hours later. 4. Before alcohol, little effect was shown on physiological or psychomotor activity. Subjective ratings indicated that amitriptyline was less well tolerated than fluoxetine. 5. Significant differences were found for many measures after alcohol but there were few differences with respect to the drugs. PMID- 3259003 TI - The epidemiology of alcohol abuse among employed men and women. AB - This chapter examines the relationships between the workplace and the use and abuse of alcohol and discusses some methodological problems in studies that assess these relationships. In an analysis of data from a representative sample of employed men and women in metropolitan Detroit, we find that pressures of the job (job competition and time pressures) are related to the use of alcohol and that job pressures, less complex work with data, people, and things, and feelings of job stress are related to the abuse of alcohol. As we interpret the findings, alcohol is consumed as a means of coping with a stressful work environment whether that consumption is for tension reduction or for self-stimulation. Several alternative interpretations of the findings are addressed with other data from the Detroit study, and we suggest directions for further research on the working and drinking experiences of employed men and women. PMID- 3259004 TI - Iofetamine HCI I-123 brain scanning in stroke: a comparison with transmission CT. AB - Although IMP scans fail to show fine anatomical details of the brain, because of poor resolution of a single head rotational system, adequate information is offered by the scans to localize most perfusion defects caused by stroke. The following conclusions can be drawn from our study: 1. The planar IMP brain scans processed through the computer are sensitive in the early diagnosis of acute stroke except for small and deeply localized lesions. 2. The SPECT IMP imaging is more sensitive than the planar or transmission CT scans in the early diagnosis of stroke. Semiquantitative evaluations are feasible with IMP SPECT. 3. Neither transmission CT nor IMP SPECT are sensitive in the detection of acute lacunar infarcts. 4. In acute infarction, the transmission CT is usually negative or minimally positive in the early stages, while impaired uptake of IMP occurs immediately after the onset of the stroke. In acute stroke, the extent of the perfusion defect on IMP is usually greater than the abnormality seen on the transmission CT. 5. On followup studies, IMP scans show improved perfusion reflecting physiologic changes, while transmission CT scans show further dense anatomical changes when compared to the initial studies. 6. Hyperemic changes are likely due to collateral circulation or luxury perfusion. This finding suggests that the IMP reflects local cerebral blood flow in strokes. PMID- 3259006 TI - Interactions of IgG from SLE patients with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and adherent cell populations. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal control subjects were studied for their interactions with IgG isolated from normal or active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera. Preincubation of PBMCs with SLE IgG at 0.5-1.0 mg for 24 h followed by washing and subsequent cell culture for 7 days resulted in marked relative increase in cell supernatant IgG. These findings were noted with and without inclusion of cyclosporin A or indomethacin in cultures. Experiments using isolated normal adherent cell populations showed that SLE IgG but not normal IgG, when preincubated with adherent cell macrophage/monocyte populations, was capable of inducing the latter to produce suppressor factors capable of down modulating IgG production or release from normal non-adherent cells cultured with pokeweed mitogen. These findings suggest that IgG from active SLE patients may interact with both IgG-producing PBMC populations as well as adherent-cell populations to influence IgG production or release from subsequently cultured cells. PMID- 3259007 TI - Antigen-antibody complex-induced immunosuppression. Effect of F(ab')2 antibodies and protein A. AB - The addition of immune complexes (anti-horse red blood cell (HRC) antibodies plus HRC) to spleen cell cultures activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) selectively suppressed the anti-HRC plaque-forming cell (PFC) response, but did not affect the PFC response to sheep red blood cells (SRC). The degree of suppression was directly related to the concentration of immune complexes. F(ab')2 preparations suppressed as efficiently as intact IgG, although the ability of the F(ab')2 preparation to lyse the red cells was abolished. The addition of protein A to the immune complexes (using intact antibodies) did not affect the degree of suppression. The findings suggest that immune complex-induced suppression of polyclonal B cell activation is caused by constant parts of the light or heavy chains of the antibodies other than the Fc part. PMID- 3259005 TI - The aminoterminal-type-III procollagen peptide and proteoglycans in serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or reactive arthritis. AB - The concentrations of aminoterminal-type-III procollagen (procollagen N-) peptide, and of proteoglycans were measured in knee-joint synovial fluid and serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or reactive arthritis. All synovial fluids contained large amounts of intact propeptide. The synovial fluid: serum propeptide ratios were high, suggesting local propeptide liberation. A correlation was demonstrated between the propeptide concentration in synovial fluid and in serum. In rheumatoid arthritis, the propeptide concentration in synovial fluid was related to local inflammatory activity, and the serum concentration was correlated with the presence of nonspecific markers of inflammation. The presence of smaller propeptide fragments in synovial fluid indicated that some degradation occurred locally. The local metabolic changes were most prominent in patients with joint erosions. Patients with nonerosive rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis had similar synovial fluid propeptide concentrations. The proteoglycan content of synovial fluid was inversely related to the degree of joint destruction, and was highest in patients with reactive arthritis. No correlation was observed between the concentrations of propeptide and proteoglycan in synovial fluid. Intraarticular glucocorticoid injection reduced the levels of propeptide and proteoglycan in synovial fluid. PMID- 3259008 TI - Comparative analysis of natural antibody specificities among hybridomas originating from spleen and peritoneal cavity of adult NZB and BALB/c mice. AB - A preliminary experiment showed that the supernatants of in vitro cultured peritoneal cells (rich in Ly-1 B cell subset shown to secrete most IgM autoantibodies against bromelain-treated mouse red blood cells (BrMRBC) and DNA) from different mouse strains did not contain any significant antibody activity against DNA and cytoskeleton proteins, although the presence of anti-BrMRBC antibodies was clearly evident. Therefore, we investigated comparative natural antibody (NAb) specificities against an antigen panel (DNA, cytoskeleton proteins, IgG, bovine serum albumin (BSA), BrMRBC, trinitrophenyl (TNP), and trimethylammonium (TMA) haptens) among Ig-secreting hybridoma collections from the splenic (158) and peritoneal (230) immune compartments of autoimmune New Zealand black (NZB) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BALB/c mice. The data showed: (i) isotypic restriction (mu and gamma 3 only), predominance of TMA ion reactive (including BrMRBC) but negligible anti-DNA-reactive antibody specificities, and lack of simultaneous polyspecific widespread reactivity (i.e. at least four or more antigens) against DNA and cytoskeleton proteins in the peritoneal cavity; (ii) predominance of simultaneous widespread polyspecific reactivity against DNA and cytoskeleton proteins but negligible or no TMA hapten reactive antibody specificities in the spleen. These observations reflect certain differences in the B cell repertoire of peritoneal cavity (rich in Ly-1 B cells) compared with spleen. The NAb against BrMRBC and those reactive with DNA and cytoskeleton proteins, which have been suggested to be secreted by the Ly-1 B cell subset, are distinguishable on the basis of the presence of separate recurrent idiotypes and preferential localization of B lymphocytes directed against these autoantigens. PMID- 3259009 TI - Parenteral aztreonam in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Egyptian children. AB - 13 children, 8 girls and 5 boys, aged 2-15 months (mean 8.5 months), with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis were treated with aztreonam. Aztreonam was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 50 mg/kg every 8 h. 10 of the infants were in coma and 3 were drowsy when first examined in hospital. All except 2 infants, who were in coma and who died within 24 h of starting therapy, recovered quickly. All patients became fully alert within 4-5 days and afebrile within 5 to 6 days. PMID- 3259010 TI - [Modifications in the urinary excretion of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid induced by vitamin K]. AB - To evaluate urinary GLA excretion, a marker of vitamin K metabolism, the effect of an oral calcium load was studied in 8 volunteers under three conditions: (1) after 1.5 g elementary calcium (calcium carbonate), (2) after 1.5 g calcium (Ossopan, a preparation containing 1 mg osteocalcin per g) and (3) after 1.5 g calcium but with pretreatment of 10 mg vitamin K1 orally for 3 days. No differences in blood calcium, osteocalcin concentration of calciuria were observed. However, GLA excretion was significantly higher with Ossopan or after pretreatment with vitamin K1. PMID- 3259011 TI - [Trigeminus neuropathy as a rare main symptom of progressive systemic sclerosis]. AB - In addition to the habitual skin manifestations, the following forms of organic involvement were found (with decreasing frequency) in 33 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis treated from 1972-1986 at the Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich: blood vessels 29, lungs 18, digestive system 11, joints 11, bones 8, lacrimal and salivary glands 7, musculature 3, heart 3, kidneys 2, cranial nerves 1 and peripheral neuropathy 1. A 65-year-old patient with classic progressive systemic sclerosis and visceral involvement of the esophagus and the lungs showed, as a principal sign, unilateral neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve involving all three branches as well as absent corneal reflex. Electromyographic examination afforded evidence of a sensory neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve. Chemical laboratory tests revealed a typical high titre of antinuclear antibodies. In addition to autoimmunological causes, proliferation of fibrous structures of the perineurium and vascular lesions are discussed in connection with these complications.-The subsequent history of 37 patients with localized scleroderma and 4 patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis, treated at the Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich from 1980-1985 provided no evidence of a cranial nerve involvement. The fact that during the period 1975 to 1985 only one patient treated at the Clinic of Neurology of Zurich University Hospital showed signs of disturbances of pupil motility confirms the very rare involvement of the nervous system in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 3259013 TI - [Clinico-immunologic indicators in alcoholic lesions of the heart]. PMID- 3259012 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of surgical and drug therapy of chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3259014 TI - [Thrombocytes and the von Willebrand factor in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3259015 TI - [Non-invasive meniscal diagnosis: potentialities of magnetic resonance tomography and emission computed tomography]. PMID- 3259016 TI - [Use of electrostimulation analgesia in surgical procedures in elderly patients and high-risk patients]. PMID- 3259018 TI - Abnormally enlarged fourth ventricle. PMID- 3259017 TI - Comparison of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid with clindamycin and gentamicin in the treatment of postcesarean endomyometritis. AB - The efficacy of a single antibiotic--Timentin (ticarcillin with clavulanic acid)- was compared with a standard two antibiotic regimen (clindamycin and gentamicin) for the treatment of endomyometritis after cesarean delivery. The regimens were 3 grams of ticarcillin plus 100 milligrams of clavulanic acid given intravenously every four hours, or 600 milligrams of clindamycin given intravenously every six hours plus 3 to 5 milligrams per kilogram per day of gentamicin given intramuscularly. The diagnosis of endomyometritis was based upon an oral temperature of 100.4 degrees F. or higher on any two occasions, excluding the first 24 hours post partum, uterine tenderness and the absence of another focus of infection. Ninety-one patients were treated. Treatment failure rates were three of 49 in the clindamycin and gentamicin group and four of 42 of the ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid group. Treatment failures did not appear to be different from successes demographically or in risk factors for endomyometritis. The results of this study suggest that ticarcillin with clavulanic acid is as effective in the treatment of postcesarean endomyometritis as the standard regimen of clindamycin and gentamicin. PMID- 3259019 TI - [Dermatoglyphics in patients with rheumatism]. AB - Dermatoglyphic parameters were studied in 163 patients with rheumatic fever (111 women and 52 men aged 16 to 58) and in 200 controls (131 women and 69 men) in the Moscow population. Quantitative parameters of the patients did not differ from those of the controls. An analysis of the qualitative parameters showed statistically significant differences in the whole group of the patients as well as in relation to the presence and topical character of heart disease as compared to the controls. Differences in dermatoglyphic indices in particular clinical types of rheumatic fever were mainly associated with a type of phenotypical pattern on the fingers, the presence or absence of a pattern on thenar and hypothenar, a pattern type on the fourth and fifth fingers. The authors have been of opinion that the results obtained make it possible to predict, with a positive degree of probability, a possibility of development of disease as well as its outcome (the formation of heart disease). PMID- 3259020 TI - [The kallikrein-kinin system of the blood and protease-protease inhibitor balance in active sarcoidosis]. AB - The status of the blood kinin system, activity of serum inhibitors of proteinases (alpha 1-protease inhibitor and alpha 2-macroglobulin) as well as indices of activity of trypsin-like proteinases, elastolytic and fibrinolytic activity, free antitryptic activity and complete content of acid stable inhibitors were studied in the morning sputum and bronchoalveolar washesoff of 62 patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis. It was shown that in active sarcoidosis proteinase inhibitors balance got disturbed as a result of a decrease in the activity of serum inhibitors, suppression of local secretion of acid stable inhibitors and inactivation at the level of alpha 1-protease inhibitor alveoles. Excessive activation of the kinin system was noted in the blood flow and elevation of all types of proteolytic activity in the respiratory system. It was assumed that the above changes reflected disturbed self-control processes in the body and caused progression of disease and pneumofibrosis formation. PMID- 3259021 TI - Clinical evaluation of subcutaneously administered DDAVP. AB - 1-deamino-8D-arginine vasopressin was given subcutaneously at the dosage of 0.3 micrograms/Kg. b.w. to 24 mild factor VIII deficient patients (16 mild, 2 moderate hemophiliacs and 6 patients with von Willebrand's Disease), to treat bleedings (10 episodes) or to prevent bleeding during and after dental extractions (6 extractions) and surgery (11 interventions). None of the patients who underwent surgery bled. The vasopressin analogue was effective in the early treatment of muscle hematomas and promptly stopped all mucosal hemorrhages. Most of the patients treated for "spontaneous" bleedings performed self-injections at home. The drug was administered in two pharmaceutical forms (4 and 40 micrograms/ml): no differences in the clinical outcome were found. No significant side effects were recorded. The subcutaneous route of DDAVP administration thus seems to be particularly useful (mainly in the concentrated pharmaceutical form) in treating mild factor VIII deficiencies even on self- and home-treatment basis. PMID- 3259023 TI - A new treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by electrical stimulation of submental region. AB - Loss of upper airway muscle tone during sleep has been thought to be responsible for obstructive apnea episodes. To examine the effect of electrical stimulation of the submental region on sleep apnea episodes, patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were polysomnographically studied during all-night session with and without stimulation. PMID- 3259022 TI - Extraadrenal immunohistochemical distribution of steroid 21-hydroxylase in human. AB - Using an antibody against cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylase (P 450C21), extraadrenal distribution and localization of the enzyme were immunohistochemically examined on various normal human tissues. Immunoreactive P 450C21 was demonstrated in the renal tubular system, especially in distal tubules and cortical and medullary collecting tubules; excretory ducts including intercalated ducts of the pancreas and salivary glands; secretory ducts of the mammary glands. The immunoreactivity for P-450C21 was not present in the colon and liver. Transepithelial transport of sodium, potassium and hydrogen ions occurs in those sites where P-450C21 is present and mineralocorticoid receptors are presumed to be present. Relationship of extraadrenal 21-hydroxylase, which produces deoxycorticosterone locally, to a mineralocorticoid action is proposed. PMID- 3259024 TI - [Functional activity of the peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with periodontal diseases undergoing dynamic vitaftor treatment]. PMID- 3259025 TI - [Detection of eclipse antigens in human erythrocytes and microorganisms in blood stains]. PMID- 3259026 TI - The ontogeny of interleukin production and responsivity in the frog, Xenopus. AB - The production of and responsivity to leukocyte-derived lymphokine-rich culture supernatants (SNs) was examined during the ontogeny of the frog, Xenopus. Thymocytes and splenocytes from adult frogs are capable of responding to the T cell mitogen, phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA). Larval thymocytes are unresponsive to this lectin, whereas larval splenocytes are not. PHA-unresponsive thymocytes can be costimulated with PHA plus either a T-cell growth factor (TCGF)-rich SN or an interleukin-1 (IL-1)-rich SN (from cultures of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophage-enriched peritoneal cells (PCs). Stimulation of larval thymocytes with PHA does not produce a TCGF-rich SN as assayed by proliferation of lymphoblasts. Larval as well as adult splenocytes treated with PHA, however, do produce TCGF. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the factor limiting mitogen responsiveness of larval thymocytes is the ability of cell populations in the thymus to produce rather than respond to either IL-1 or IL-2. PMID- 3259027 TI - The increased expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) on T-colony cells (T-CCs). PMID- 3259028 TI - Lymphoid cell transfers between adult C57BL/6 mice differing at the LPR locus. Lack of lymphadenopathy transfer and effects on host survival. AB - "1 pr" is an autosomal recessive locus which determines the lymphoproliferation of an abnormal T cell subset ("T lpr" cell subset). Though a thymus is necessary for the initiation of the lymphadenopathy, adult thymectomy does not interfere with the development of disease. C57BL/6 (B6) mice (either treated with cyclophosphamide or not), lpr heterozygous at the lpr locus, or not), and nu homozygous B6 mice (either homozygous at the lpr locus, or not) are refractory to the growth and massive proliferation of grafted cells of the aberrant T lpr cell subset, which polyclonally expands in lpr homozygous B6 mice. Their lack of expansion in B6 nu, lpr mice is surprising, since such animals may develop the lymphadenopathy under certain circumstances (thymus grafting). While the injection of normal B6 lymphoid cells does not improve the health of the B6 nu, lpr mice, but may even accelerate their wasting, the injection of B6 lpr lymphoid cells into B6 nu, lpr mice causes, after a transient wasting, a remarkable prolongation of survival. B6 nu recipients of B6 lpr lymphoid cells show no sign of wasting and survive like recipients of normal B6 (B6+) cells. Thus the "lpr type" lymphoproliferative potential is neither simply carried by the T lpr subset cells themselves, nor simply determined by the lpr environment of athymic, lpr homozygous mice, and it is also not readily reconstituted by grafting T lpr cells in athymic lpr mice. PMID- 3259029 TI - Thymic influence on the T-lymphocyte self MHC repertoire. II. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors. AB - We measured the frequency and specificity of thymic alloantigen-reactive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors in spleens of allogeneic thymus-grafted nude mice tolerant to thymic alloantigens. Under our conditions of limiting dilution analysis we found no selective loss of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors in allogeneic thymus-grafted mice. Upon analysis of individual cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones, we found that lysis of specific and third party targets was mediated by distinct clones specific for H-2 antigens. Precursors from allogeneic thymus-grafted nudes stimulated at limiting dilutions with thymic alloantigens tended to lyse fewer targets than were lysed by normal cytotoxic T-lymphocytes or allogeneic thymus-grafted nude precursors stimulated with third party alloantigens, but the reduction in lytic activity was not statistically significant. Specific suppression was not demonstrated, but could not be ruled out unequivocally. We conclude that intrathymic deletion of thymic alloantigen reactive pCTL is not necessary to achieve specific tolerance to thymic alloantigens. PMID- 3259030 TI - International Symposium on Functional Characteristics of Cells Invading Rejected Allografts. La Baule-Nantes, France, June 3-5, 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3259031 TI - The contribution of natural killer cells to the allograft response. AB - The NK cells and the alloimmune CTL recovered from a rejecting sponge graft both possess the surface determinant AGM1. Both systemic and local treatment of sponge bearing mice with anti-AGM1, results in severe inhibition of NK activity and alloimmune CTL activity recovered from the graft. From this evidence it is tempting to speculate that cells exhibiting the characteristics of NK cells may differentiate into alloimmune CTL. PMID- 3259032 TI - Lymphocyte traffic and distribution after sponge matrix allograft using limiting dilution analysis. PMID- 3259033 TI - Modulation of T cell effector function by concanavalin A. PMID- 3259034 TI - Minimal signals and step-wise maturation of cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 3259035 TI - Role of the thymus in myasthenia gravis: responsiveness to recombinant interleukin 2 of thymic lymphocytes. PMID- 3259036 TI - Treatment of patients with advanced cancer using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin 2. PMID- 3259038 TI - Altered activation pathways in T lymphocytes infiltrating human solid tumors. PMID- 3259037 TI - Human tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell lines generated from tumor-draining lymph node infiltrate. PMID- 3259039 TI - Potentiation of immunosuppressive action of cyclosporine A by platelet-activating factor antagonists: an approach of the mechanism of action of these drugs in the prevention of graft rejection. PMID- 3259040 TI - Dose response of cyclosporine-treated composite tissue allografts in a strong histoincompatible rat model. PMID- 3259041 TI - Neuromuscular capabilities in long-term composite tissue allografts. PMID- 3259042 TI - Lymphocyte chimerism in a full allogeneic composite tissue (rat-limb) allograft model prolonged with cyclosporine. AB - LEW recipients of ACI vascularized hind limb allografts were analyzed for lymphoid chimerism by a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay using antisera produced across this strain combination. In assessing the technique, two LEW recipients of sublethal irradiation (400 rad), ACI bone-marrow allografts, and CsA exhibited mixed lymphoid chimerism 23 days posttransplant. Short-term CsA treated CTA recipients that were assayed at various times following transplantation and underwent subacute rejection did not demonstrate any significant mixed lymphoid chimerism. Long-term CsA-treated CTA recipients that were assayed at various times prior to 100 days posttransplant also did not demonstrate any significant mixed lymphoid chimerism. However, following extensive CTA survival (greater than 100 days) significant mixed donor-host lymphocyte chimerism became evident in the peripheral blood, and in one recipient a large quantity of donor bone marrow remained viable in the ACI limb allograft at necropsy (greater than 200 days posttransplant). The development of donor-host lymphocyte chimerism and a wasting syndrome that followed long-term CTA survival was suggestive of GVHD. PMID- 3259043 TI - Cyclosporine does not inhibit the early transducing signals generated by the activation of human thymocytes. PMID- 3259045 TI - [Pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients]. PMID- 3259044 TI - Cyclosporine A inhibits accessory cell and antigen-presenting cell functions of epidermal Langerhans cells. PMID- 3259046 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae arthritis in an adult]. PMID- 3259047 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3259048 TI - Production of hepatitis B virus-infected human B-cell hybridomas: transmission of the viral genome to normal lymphocytes in cocultures. AB - The presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome and transcripts in mononuclear cells from a patient with acute type B hepatitis offered the possibility of developing a cell line which could serve as a model for HBV replication in lymphocytes. A human B-cell hybridoma, KDG92, was then produced which carries HBV DNA in an episomal state and expresses the major virus transcripts as well as its surface (HBsAg), core (HBcAG), and e (HBeAg) antigens. KDG92 releases in the supernatant surface antigen particles but not core or Dane particles. However, in cocultures this hybridoma is able to transmit episomal HBV DNA to normal lymphocytes, both T and B cells. This in vitro system can therefore provide important indications as to the virus life cycle in lymphocytes and the mechanisms of virus propagation from cell to cell. PMID- 3259049 TI - [Prevention of postvaccinal reactions]. PMID- 3259050 TI - [The role of HLA-B27 antigen in the etiopathogenesis of seronegative spondyloarthritis]. PMID- 3259052 TI - [Detection of ischemia with thallium-201 single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and radionuclide ventriculography in comparison with stress cineventriculography]. AB - The accuracy of radionuclide techniques for detection of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia was analyzed with TL-201 single-photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) and gated blood pool ventriculography in 31 patients. Reversible and persistent perfusion defects in the biphasic SPECT studies, parametric phase and amplitude images and global indices of left ventricular function were evaluated and compared to the results of exercise cineventriculography. Out of 25 patients with coronary heart disease, 20 had exercise-induced ischemia and 17 patients had a prior myocardial infarction. SPECT detected ischemia with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 100%, gated blood pool ventriculography had a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 91%. Both scintigraphic methods were comparable in the detection of myocardial infarcts (SPECT/gated blood pool ventriculography: sensitivity 88%/82%; specificity 100%/93%; positive predictive value 100%/93%). A difference in detection of ischemia between both methods was found in patients with myocardial infarct and additional ischemia: all patients with additional ischemia were detected by SPECT, whereas gated blood pool ventriculography failed to identify the additional ischemia in 1/4 of these patients (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3259053 TI - [Bepridil--electrophysiologic properties of a new calcium antagonist with an anti arrhythmia effect]. AB - In 12 patients with recurrent pre-syncope or syncope and suspected sick sinus syndrome, the electrophysiologic properties of bepridil were tested using 1-2 extrastimuli during four basic pacing rates. Bepridil was given in a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight over 10 min. It caused no significant changes in sinus cycle length (+5%) and corrected sinus node recovery time during pacing of 100/min ( 6%), 120/min (+8%) and 140/min (+4%). The conduction times PQ- (+10%) and QRS interval (+6%) increased significantly, AH- (+8%) and HV-interval (+5%) were slightly prolonged. Antegrade Wenckebach point increased from 460 to 508 ms (p less than 0.05). The effective refractory period was prolonged in the atrium (+11%, p less than 0.05), the AV-node (+14%, p less than 0.05) and the right ventricle (6-11% at pacing rates 100-140/min, p less than 0.05 for each cycle length). In relation to the pacing rate, QTc-interval increased highly significantly (p less than 0.01) by 16% (sinus rhythm), 12% (100/min), 20% (120/min) and 19% (140/min). After a mean of 5 min after the start of infusion a doubled T-wave was observed in 11/12 patients, persisting during Holter monitoring for several hours without evidence of increased incidence of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. During programmed electrical stimulation with 1-2 extrastimuli, no increase in vulnerability of the right ventricle was obvious in any patient. PMID- 3259051 TI - Repeated pentostatin (2'deoxycoformycin)-induced remissions in a patient with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3259054 TI - Diabetes, obesity and hypertension in Vanuatu. PMID- 3259055 TI - [Epidemiology of glomerulonephritis and results of urine and serum studies]. AB - On the basis of an extensive data material it was demonstrated that the early recognition of a glomerulonephritis is dependent on the proof of a proteinuria and indeed it is independently of its size and reproducibility. Extensive serological examinations are without diagnostic significance, especially the estimation of the serum complement and the immunoglobulins. Patients with proteinuria should be included in a kidney dispensaire system. The diagnostik programm, including percutaneous renal biopsy, is dependent on the size and constancy of proteinuria and other urinary findings like microscopic hematuria. PMID- 3259056 TI - [Computer-assisted optimization of dialysis treatment]. AB - In some dialysis centers of the GDR personal computers are introduced step by step. There are two main areas in the use of computers in dialysis centers: data management systems and computer-assisted individualization of dialysis. Type and size of data processing are the result of the specific information process in a dialysis center and the presence of a long-term constantly group of patients along with a stereotypical amount of data. In the mathematical modelling of dialysis it is possible to adapt the standard dialysis to each patient. PMID- 3259057 TI - [Immuno-microbiological characteristics of posttraumatic osteomyelitis]. AB - Anti-infectious resistance factors and microflora in the focus of inflammation have been studied over the course of chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis in adults. This disease is associated with elevated levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, IgG, normal or elevated levels of IgA and lysozyme in the peripheral blood. The data obtained in the immunological examination of chronic osteomyelitis patients indicate that such patients fall into two groups: with and without pronounced IgM deficiency. Changes in microbiological and immunological characteristics vary in different groups. A detailed characterization of microflora in the focus of inflammation over the course of the disease in all patients and in individual groups of patients is presented, and the dynamics of anti-infectious resistance factors is shown to reflect changes in microflora in the focus of lesion, which is manifested by changes in immunoglobulin levels corresponding to primary (the initial IgM level being normal) and secondary (a low IgM level) immune response. PMID- 3259058 TI - [A calendar of prophylactic inoculations in wide practical use]. AB - The validity of immunizations, made in due time in children aged up to 7 years in accordance with the approved immunization schedule, is analyzed in this work. The content of antibodies to diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis antigens in children immunized in accordance with the old and new schedules has been studied. This study has revealed that the injection of adsorbed DPT vaccine to children aged 3-4 months induces fully valid immune response to all antigens under study. The level of measles and parotitis antibodies after the injections of measles and parotitis vaccines, introduced separately and simultaneously, has been measured. The simultaneous administration of these preparations did not decrease the levels of immunity to parotitis and measles. PMID- 3259059 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of syringomyelia]. AB - The results of contrast X-ray examination of 34 patients with syringomyelia are discussed. Air encephalomyelography was performed in all patients and ventriculography and positive myelocisternography of the craniovertebral junction were conducted when indicated. The Arnold-Chiari syndrome was detected in most cases. Cystography of myodilomas was conducted in operated on patients with the communicating form of syringomyelia. The results allow a proper approach to the tactics of X-ray examination of patients with syringomyelia, which is necessary for the choice of an adequate method of surgical management. PMID- 3259060 TI - [Endoscopic anatomy of the superior petrosal vein]. AB - The structural topographic features of a constantly present surgically significant formation--the superior petrosal vein--were disclosed on the basis of postmortem examination of the region of the cerebellopontile angle (204 cases) by means of fine endofibroscopes introduced through a small trephination opening behind the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The method provides for detailed appraisal of the microtopography of the vessel in three-dimensional space without disturbing the regional structural relationships, and makes it possible to disclose more exactly the character of the connection of the vein with the meninges and to determine the variants of the topography of its orifice and the types of formation of the main venous collector without damaging this easily injured vessel. The surgical significance of the recorded features of the structure of the superior petrosal vein is shown. PMID- 3259061 TI - Multiple sclerosis in the Shetland Islands: an update. AB - Annual incidence rates of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Shetland Islands have been updated from 1938 to 1986. These reveal a significant decline in MS incidence beginning between 1951 and 1968. No significant change in prevalence, age-specific prevalence, duration of MS, or mean age of the MS population in Shetland has been found since the last survey in 1974, although a trend towards an older MS population was noted. PMID- 3259062 TI - Cerebral complications of coronary by-pass surgery. A prospective study. AB - A prospective study was undertaken of cerebral complications in 91 patients undergoing coronary by-pass surgery. Patients showing clinically relevant neurological complications had longer pump-times but did not differ in pre operative variables. Worsening of neurological state correlated with duration of pump-time but not with pre-operative variables. Duration of pump-time appears to be the main predictor of neurological complications after coronary by-pass surgery. PMID- 3259064 TI - Isolated leukemic choroidal relapse in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia one year off therapy, diagnosed through transvitreal retino-choroidal biopsy. AB - A serous retinal detachment and choroidal hemorrhagic infiltration developed in a 17-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia one year after cessation of therapy without concurrent bone marrow (BM) or central nervous system relapse. A choroidal biopsy through a sclerotomy with simultaneous release of subretinal fluid revealed no malignant cells. Accordingly, she was treated with prednisone, topical corticosteroid and atropine with normalisation of vision and clinical findings. Five months later the retinal detachment and choroidal infiltration recurred. In order to re-attach the retina once more and obtain a representative choroidal biopsy, a pars plana vitrectomy followed by a retinotomy with removal of subretinal tissue was done revealing leukemic infiltration of the choroid. Simultaneously a BM relapse was diagnosed. PMID- 3259063 TI - Neuropathological study on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine of the crab-eating monkey. AB - Experimental parkinsonism was induced by systemic administration of 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to the crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis). In the acute stage, the substantia nigra showed necrotic nerve cells, extracellular release of pigment granules and histiocytic infiltration. The nerve cells underwent vacuolation of the cytoplasm with chromatin clumping of the nucleus and disintegration of the nucleolus. The striking feature was the presence of variously-shaped inclusion bodies within abnormal mitochondria which sometimes disclosed a distortion of the cristae. Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum were also dilated. In the locus ceruleus swollen nerve cells were observed with vacuolated cytoplasm and pyknotic nucleus where expanded mitochondria also contained the inclusions. Some of the inclusion bodies are probably insoluble precipitations due to inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation by a certain metabolite of MPTP. In the protracted stage the substantia nigra revealed a considerable loss of the nerve cells associated with melanophagia and astrocytic proliferation. A few surviving nerve cells showed an increased number of Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticula, and the presence of autophagosomes, dense bodies and intra-mitochondrial inclusion. These changes are interpreted as being a part of the reparative process from the cellular damage. PMID- 3259065 TI - Immunohistochemical studies on B cell lymphomas with special reference to T cell infiltration and its significance as a prognostic factor. AB - Twenty-eight cases of B cell lymphoma were studied immunohistochemically utilizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Of 27 cases tested, 26 were B-1 positive and 22 of 24 cases were HLA-DR positive. There were eight BA-1-positive cases, including one follicular lymphoma, and 10 J-5-positive cases including five diffuse large cell lymphomas. Some of the J-5-positive diffuse large cell lymphomas were considered to be of follicular center cell origin. Infiltration and distribution of non-neoplastic T cell subsets, BA-1-positive B cells, dendritic reticulum cells, Langerhans cells and HNK cells showed close similarity between the structure of follicular lymphomas and that of the reactive follicles. Such similarity to the normal counterpart structure was less apparent in diffuse lymphomas, especially in the large cell type. These findings were interpreted to be an expression of different degrees of neoplastic deviation. There was evidence to suggest that, regardless of the histological classification, a large number of infiltrating non-neoplastic T cells was related to good prognosis. PMID- 3259066 TI - Partial 11 beta-hydroxylase activity suppression after dexamethasone in patients with major depression. AB - Eleven beta-hydroxylase activity was assessed by measuring the cortisol to 11 deoxycortisol ratio in 20 control subjects, 38 patients with major depression, and five patients with Cushing's disease before and after 1 mg of dexamethasone. The mean levels of 11 beta-hydroxylase activity did not differ among groups before dexamethasone. After dexamethasone patients with Cushing's disease showed a nonsignificant increase in 11 beta-hydroxylase activity while patients with major depression and controls subjects both showed a decrease. Endogenous depressive patients were no more likely to show high 11 beta-hydroxylase activity than neurotic depressive patients; however, depressed patients with cortisol nonsuppression after dexamethasone were. Post-dexamethasone 11 beta-hydroxylase activity is positively correlated with age in both control subjects and patients with depression. PMID- 3259067 TI - [The T-lymphocyte subpopulation and reactivity to PWM in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3259068 TI - AIDS research alters outlook on treatment methods. PMID- 3259069 TI - Lymphocytic pleural effusion in postpericardiotomy syndrome. AB - Postpericardiotomy syndrome has been recognized as a frequent complication following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. We observed five cases of postpericardiotomy syndrome resulting in exudative pleural effusions with white blood cell differential counts greater than 80% lymphocytes. Tuberculosis, lymphoma, and other neoplasma have been major diseases associated with lymphocytic exudative pleural effusions. We feel postpericardiotomy syndrome is another important etiology that should be considered in post-CABG patients with lymphocytic pleural effusion. PMID- 3259070 TI - Correlates of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men 40 to 59 years of age sampled from United States of America and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Lipid Research Clinics populations. AB - The correlates of blood pressure (BP) were investigated in 2 samples using common protocols, one from a Union of Soviet Socialist Republics study in 2 locations and one from a United States of America study in 9 locations. Age, heart rate, Quetelet index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, natural logarithm of triglycerides and fasting glucose were positively related to systolic BP in both samples. In diastolic BP, alcohol consumption, heart rate, Quetelet index and natural logarithm of triglycerides were positively associated, and number of cigarettes smoked was negatively related in both samples. PMID- 3259071 TI - Prediction of variceal hemorrhage: a prospective study. AB - Prophylactic therapy to prevent the first variceal hemorrhage ceased being recommended for any cirrhotic because risks outweighed benefits. In this study, we identified cirrhotics that have never bled who are most prone to hemorrhage from varices. We developed a numerical grading system which combined size with other endoscopic characteristics, so varices would get an aggregate grade of 1 to 10. Varices were classified as either high grade (scored greater than or equal to 8) or low grade (scored less than or equal to 7). The grading system had a predictive value for bleeding when studied prospectively for a mean duration of 26 months in 52 patients subjected to placebo (15 patients) or various treatments (37 patients) in a randomized trial. High grade varices had a significantly higher association with bleeding than did low grade varices; 73% versus 7% (p less than 0.001) analyzing all 52 patients (of which 21% bled), and 83% versus 11% (p less than 0.05) analyzing the 15 placebo-treated patients (of which 40% bled). An esophagram positive for varices proved to be a sensitive screen for high grade varices, picking up 91% of them. However, it was a poor predictor of bleeding (one-third bled), since only 45% of radiologically evident varices were high grade. Since almost all cirrhotics with high grade varices can be expected to bleed within 2 yr, this group should be the focus of controlled trials to determine whether low risk prophylactic therapies reduce the incidence of first variceal hemorrhage. PMID- 3259073 TI - A 77-year-old man with a pleural effusion. PMID- 3259072 TI - Estrogen-progesterone therapy for recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. AB - Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding ceased after the institution of estrogen progesterone therapy in a patient with gastrointestinal angiodysplasia without chronic renal failure. The patient did have aortic stenosis and mitral insufficiency murmurs. A therapeutic trial of conjugated estrogen should be considered in patients with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to gastrointestinal angiodysplasia after the use of therapeutic endoscopy and/or surgery. PMID- 3259074 TI - Atherosclerosis and coronary bypass surgery in hereditary factor VII deficiency. AB - A 66-year-old man with homozygous deficiency of factor VII (less activity than 4 percent of normal) had a minimal hemorrhagic tendency and severe coronary atherosclerosis, and underwent aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass surgery. Although plasma factor VII coagulant activity and cross-reacting material were markedly reduced, comparable amounts of factor VII antigen were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of both the patient and of a normal subject by Western blotting techniques. Accelerated coagulation was observed following brief exposure of the patient's phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to low concentrations of ambient factor VII in vitro. Evidence indicates that factor VII plays a role in vivo in both hemostasis and atherogenesis and it might be assumed that factor VII deficiency would both predispose to excessive bleeding and forestall atherosclerosis. However, these observations suggest that factor VII-mediated thrombin generation may proceed by partitioning of small amounts of factor VII on tissue factor-expressing cells and that factor VII contained within monocytes may facilitate tissue factor-induced coagulation by these cells. These features may provide efficient coagulation activation despite a deficiency of the plasma coagulant protein. The current results may explain, at least in part, the minimal bleeding tendency, and also the occurrence of thrombosis and atherosclerosis in certain persons with factor VII deficiency. PMID- 3259075 TI - Diagnosis and clinical manifestations of bacterial vaginosis. AB - Among 640 randomly selected women who were attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic and did not have trichomoniasis, 33% had bacterial vaginosis as defined by a composite of four clinical criteria: (1) Vaginal discharge was homogeneous; (2) vaginal discharge had a pH greater than or equal to 4.7; (3) vaginal discharge had an amine-like odor when mixed with 10% potassium hydroxide; (4) vaginal discharge contained clue cells representing greater than or equal to 20% of vaginal epithelial cells. Previously published Gram stain criteria for bacterial vaginosis correlated better than results of semiquantitative cultures for Gardnerella vaginalis with presence or absence of clue cells and with composite clinical criteria. Of 293 women with bacterial vaginosis by Gram stain criteria, 65% had symptoms of increased vaginal discharge and/or vaginal malodor, while 74% had signs of characteristic homogeneous vaginal discharge or amine-like odor. Elevated vaginal pH was the least specific and amine-like odor the least sensitive sign of bacterial vaginosis. Gram stain criteria for bacterial vaginosis were not associated with the concentrations of endocervical or vaginal inflammatory cells but were significantly associated with a clinical diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease. After adjusting for coinfection, sexual behavior, and other variables, bacterial vaginosis remained associated with adnexal tenderness (odds ratio = 9.2, p = 0.04). Bacterial vaginosis, previously implicated as a risk factor for obstetric infections, may be a risk factor for pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 3259076 TI - Bacterial vaginosis in virginal and sexually active adolescent females: evidence against exclusive sexual transmission. AB - Sixty-eight sexually active and 52 virginal asymptomatic adolescent girls were evaluated for bacterial vaginosis and various laboratory indicators of bacterial vaginosis in a 3-month observational noninterventive study. Sixteen of 120 (13%) subjects had bacterial vaginosis during the study. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis or in the prevalence of isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis between the sexually active and virginal groups. Only a few cases of bacterial vaginosis (one of eight), wet mount clue cells (four of 11), sniff tests (two of eight), and abnormal vaginal fluid succinate/lactate ratios (none of 6) persisted for 3 months in the absence of therapy. These results are discussed in light of several recent reports that suggest using the isolation of G. vaginalis or the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis as evidence of sexual abuse in children. It is concluded that bacterial vaginosis should not be considered an exclusively sexually transmitted disease. The presence of the condition is neither proof of sexual activity nor warrants male sexual partner therapy. In addition, therapy seems unwarranted for the incidental finding of bacterial vaginosis in the patient without symptoms. PMID- 3259078 TI - Complications of inner ear surgery. PMID- 3259077 TI - Refraction and its components in Melanesian schoolchildren in Vanuatu. AB - Refraction and its components were measured on 788 Melanesian children and 39 children of other races, aged 6 through 19 years, in the South Pacific island nation of Vanuatu. Of the 788 Melanesian children, 766 (97.2%) were found to have uncorrected visual acuity of 6/6 or better, and 763 (96.8%) were found to have a spherical equivalent refraction between -0.25 and +1.00 D. Only 23 (2.9%) Melanesian children were found to have myopia greater than 0.25 D, only 2 (0.3%) were found to have hyperopia greater than 1.00 D, and only 2 (0.3%) were found to have refractive astigmatism greater than 1.00 D. Mean corneal refracting power was greater for girls than for boys, at all ages, but did not appear to change in any regular manner with age. Mean axial length and mean vitreous length were greater for boys than for girls, at all ages, each increasing approximately 1.0 mm from age 6 and 7 years to age 18 and 19 years. Although the low prevalence of ametropia may be considered to be due mainly to genetic factors, the possibility of environmental factors cannot be excluded. PMID- 3259079 TI - Circulating osteocalcin in rats is inversely responsive to changes in corticosterone. AB - Decreased bone formation in rats during spaceflight may be attributable to corticosteroid excess induced by environmental factors other than weightlessness that are associated with spaceflight experiments. To determine whether decreased osteocalcin, which may reflect altered bone formation rate, could be associated with corticosteroid excess, we measured serum osteocalcin in rats after injection of corticosterone or in response to various environmental stimuli. Exogenous steroid elicited a time- and dose-related decrease in serum osteocalcin, which was significant within 1 h of administration and maximally 25% below controls 1.5 h after injection of 3.3 mg corticosterone/kg body wt, the highest dose we tested. Adrenalectomy resulted in a 38% increase in osteocalcin. Exposure to environmental stressors lasting from 1.5 h to 3 wk also resulted in decreased osteocalcin levels, which showed a strong negative correlation (P less than 0.001) with serum corticosterone levels and adrenal mass after 1-3 wk of chronic cold exposure. Changes in serum osteocalcin were maximally about +/- 40% after 3 wk of chronic exposure to steroid excess or depletion. The response of osteocalcin to the well-defined adrenal hormone system implies an important role for corticosteroids in the control of serum osteocalcin. PMID- 3259080 TI - Lymphocyte proliferative responses to the purified Dermatophagoides farinae major allergen in untreated and hyposensitized atopic patients. AB - We investigated the proliferative response of lymphocytes from mite-sensitive patients (RAST D.far greater than 3.5 PRU/ml) in the presence of the major allergen Der.f.I purified from Dermatophagoides farinae. Comparative studies were carried out with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from non-atopic donors (RAST = 0), and from patients undergoing hyposensitization treatment (5 to 24 months). According to Student's t-test, there was no significant difference in the Der.f.I induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors, untreated atopic patients and hyposensitized patients. In conclusion, it was impossible to discriminate between normal donors, atopic patients and hyposensitized patients with regard to their circulating lymphocyte responses to the purified major allergen Der.f.I. PMID- 3259081 TI - The antiemetic action of propofol. AB - Eighty patients who underwent minor gynaecological surgery were anaesthetised with either incremental propofol or incremental methohexitone after an opioid premedication. The group anaesthetised with propofol had significantly fewer emetic sequelae and the results suggest that propofol has a definite antiemetic action. PMID- 3259082 TI - Opisthotonos and propofol: a possible association. PMID- 3259083 TI - Experiences with propofol. Papers based on proceedings of an international symposium. November 1987, London. PMID- 3259084 TI - Anaesthesia for extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. A comparison of propofol and methohexitone infusions during high frequency jet ventilation. AB - A continuous infusion of propofol 2.0-2.5 mg/kg for induction followed by 9 mg/kg/hour for the first 30 minutes and 6 mg/kg/hour thereafter, was compared with methohexitone 1.5 mg/kg for induction followed by 4.8 mg/kg/hour thereafter for maintenance of anaesthesia in a randomised study of 40 patients who underwent extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy using high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV). Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the propofol group after induction of anaesthesia, tracheal intubation, placement in the semirecumbent position in the hoist, bath immersion and after 5, 10 and 30 minutes of treatment. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the propofol group after intubation, placement in the hoist, bath immersion and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes of treatment. Heart rate was significantly lower in the propofol group after induction, intubation, placement in the hoist and bath immersion. There was no significant difference in the quality of induction between the two groups. Quality of maintenance of anaesthesia was judged to be poor in six out of 20 patients who received methohexitone compared with one out of 20 who received propofol but this difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant difference between the recovery times for the two groups but six out of 20 patients who received methohexitone were judged to have a poor recovery from anaesthesia compared with none in the propofol group (p less than 0.05). Propofol was associated with excellent induction, maintenance and recovery characteristics but it had a propensity to produce greater decreases in blood pressure, which were most marked when the patient was placed in the semirecumbent position in the hoist. PMID- 3259085 TI - An open comparison of propofol and enflurane for prolonged abdominal operations. AB - Anaesthesia in 15 patients scheduled for prolonged abdominal surgery was induced with hexobarbitone and maintained with nitrous oxide and enflurane, while in a further 15 patients propofol was used for induction and maintenance. Three patients in the latter group required additional fentanyl but cardiovascular responses were otherwise similar in the two groups. Return of consciousness, response to verbal command, ability to answer questions and adequate spontaneous ventilation was more rapid in the propofol patients. EEG power spectra also returned to baseline more rapidly in the propofol group. PMID- 3259086 TI - Effect of propofol on elevated intracranial pressure. Preliminary results. AB - The effects of a bolus injection of propofol on mean intracranial pressure were studied in six adult, comatose patients who had severe head injuries. Propofol 2 mg/kg was given intravenously over 90 seconds when the mean intracranial pressure reached or exceeded 25 mmHg. Arterial blood gas values, heart rate and central venous pressure remained stable at all measurements. Arterial blood pressure decreased statistically significantly (p less than 0.05) within one minute after propofol administration. The mean (SEM) intracranial pressure decreased statistically significantly (p less than 0.05) at 30 seconds and at 1 and 2 minutes, from 25 (3) to 11 (4) mmHg. The cerebral perfusion pressure decreased statistically significantly from 92 (8) mmHg at all measurements (p less than 0.05). The lowest value at 3 minutes was 50 (7) mmHg but in four patients at that time the perfusion pressure was below 50 mmHg. PMID- 3259087 TI - A comparison between propofol and ketamine for anaesthesia in the elderly. Haemodynamic effects during induction and maintenance. AB - The haemodynamic effects of propofol and ketamine were studied in two groups of eight randomly allocated elderly patients (mean age 85.8 years) anaesthetised for hip replacement. Group 1 patients patients received propofol 1 mg/kg by intravenous bolus for induction and 0.1 mg/kg/minute by continuous infusion for maintenance. Group 2 patients received ketamine 1.5 mg/kg by intravenous bolus as induction dose and 50 micrograms/kg/minute by continuous infusion for maintenance. All patients breathed spontaneously via a facemask at FIO2 1.0. Haemodynamic status was established before induction and at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after induction. Arterial pressure and cardiac output decreased slightly in group 1 but heart rate, right atrial pressure and pulmonary arterial pressure remained unchanged. Myocardial oxygen consumption showed a significant decrease of 27%. There was a significant increase in blood pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (by 97%) in group 2. Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged whereas myocardial oxygen consumption showed a very significant increase of 100%. PMID- 3259088 TI - Propofol in elderly high risk patients. A comparison of haemodynamic effects with thiopentone during induction of anaesthesia. AB - Twenty elderly patients of ASA grade 3 or 4, received either propofol 1 mg/kg or thiopentone 2 mg/kg for induction of anaesthesia. These doses provided a convenient level of anaesthesia for all patients. There were no significant intra or intergroup haemodynamic changes, with the exception of a decrease in diastolic pressure and rate-pressure product after propofol. It is concluded that propofol 1 mg/kg can be used to induce anaesthesia in elderly high risk patients without deleterious cardiovascular effects. PMID- 3259089 TI - Induction and maintenance of propofol anaesthesia. A manual infusion scheme. AB - A simple, manually controlled infusion scheme for continuous administration of propofol was derived by simulation of a computer algorithm designed to achieve a predetermined blood concentration of propofol within 2 minutes and to maintain a constant blood level for the duration of surgery. The manual infusion scheme for a target blood propofol concentration of 3 micrograms/ml, consisted of a loading dose of 1 mg/kg followed immediately by an infusion of 10 mg/kg/hour for 10 minutes, 8 mg/kg/hour for the next 10 minutes and 6 mg/kg/hour thereafter. An overall mean blood propofol concentration of 3.67 micrograms/ml was achieved within 2 minutes and maintained stable for the subsequent 80-90 minutes of surgery. The decrease of systolic and diastolic arterial pressures at induction was much less than that previously described after larger induction doses of propofol and there was a negligible haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation or to the subsequent surgery. The quality of induction and maintenance of anaesthesia was satisfactory in every patient. PMID- 3259090 TI - Infusions of propofol to supplement nitrous oxide-oxygen for the maintenance of anaesthesia. A comparison with halothane. AB - The peri-operative and postoperative effects of propofol given by infusion were compared with halothane as a supplement to nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia for body surface surgery in patients who breathed spontaneously. Anaesthesia was induced after opioid premedication, with either propofol 2.5 mg/kg or thiopentone 4-5 mg/kg which were followed respectively by an infusion of propofol 12 mg/kg/hour for 10 minutes and at a variable rate thereafter, or by halothane at a mean inspired concentration of 1.2%. Maintenance of anaesthesia required a median rate of infusion of propofol of 149.4 micrograms/kg/minute. The cardiovascular effects during induction and maintenance of anaesthesia were similar in the two groups. The overall incidence of side effects was low but immediate recovery was significantly faster in patients who received propofol. PMID- 3259091 TI - Pharmacokinetics of propofol administered by continuous infusion in patients with cirrhosis. Preliminary results. AB - Anaesthesia was provided by an infusion of propofol in six healthy patients and six patients with hepatic cirrhosis. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to the central compartment volume, distribution volume at steady state, total apparent distribution volume, total body clearance or elimination half-life, although the values were always greater in the cirrhotic patients. Recovery times were significantly longer in the patients with cirrhosis. PMID- 3259092 TI - Effects of propofol on cardiovascular dynamics and coronary blood flow in geriatric patients. A comparison with etomidate. AB - The cardiovascular and myocardial effects of propofol and etomidate were studied in 20 geriatric patients (age 65-84 years) who underwent major upper abdominal surgery. Ten patients received propofol 1.5 mg/kg for induction of anaesthesia followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1 mg/kg/minute for maintenance; 10 patients received etomidate 18 mg for induction followed by 2.4 mg/minute for maintenance. Vecuronium was used for neuromuscular blockade. Cardiovascular dynamics were recorded in the awake state one minute after induction and 1, 5 and 30 minutes after tracheal intubation; coronary blood flow (argon wash-in) and myocardial oxygen consumption were determined in the awake state and 5 and 30 minutes after intubation. Both anaesthetics decreased systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures, heart rate and cardiac index to the same extent. Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption were also reduced in both groups due to a reduction in cardiac work. Tracheal intubation produced a marked increase in arterial pressure in the etomidate group, while haemodynamic changes were absent in the propofol group, Myocardial lactate production was not observed in either group 5 or 30 minutes after tracheal intubation. PMID- 3259093 TI - Effects of thiopentone, etomidate and propofol on the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. AB - The haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation was compared in 303 patients in whom anaesthesia was induced with either thiopentone 4 mg/kg, etomidate 0.3 mg/kg or propofol 2.5 mg/kg, with and without fentanyl 2 micrograms/kg. There was after propofol alone a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure, which did not increase above control values after intubation. Significant increases in arterial pressure followed intubation in patients induced with thiopentone or etomidate alone. Increases in heart rate occurred with all agents after laryngoscopy. The use of fentanyl resulted in arterial pressures lower than those after the induction agent alone, and in an attenuation, but not abolition of the responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. PMID- 3259094 TI - Effect of propofol on cerebrospinal fluid pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients undergoing craniotomy. AB - The effects of propofol on cerebrospinal fluid pressure, mean arterial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure and heart rate were studied during induction, tracheal intubation and skin incision in 23 patients scheduled for elective craniotomy. Premedication consisted of midazolam 0.1 mg/kg intramuscularly and metoprolol 1 mg/kg orally. Measurements were made or derived at time zero and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 minutes after an induction dose of propofol 1.5 mg/kg. A continuous infusion of propofol was started at time zero at a rate of 100 mg/kg/minute. Fentanyl 2 micrograms/kg was added before tracheal intubation, application of the pin head holder and skin incision. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure and mean arterial pressure decreased significantly 2 minutes after propofol alone, by 32% and 10% respectively, while a cerebral perfusion pressure above 70 mmHg was maintained. Heart rate did not change. Propofol combined with moderate dose of fentanyl, obtunded the usual cerebrospinal fluid and arterial pressure responses to intubation and other noxious stimuli. Thus propofol seems to be a suitable intravenous anaesthetic agent for induction and maintenance in neuroanaesthesia. PMID- 3259095 TI - Effect of propofol on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in man. AB - Cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen consumption, lactate and glucose metabolism were measured in 13 patients during anaesthesia with nitrous oxide, oxygen and enflurane 0.5% and after 30 minutes infusion of propofol. The mean blood concentration of propofol was 4.06 micrograms/ml. Cerebral blood flow decreased by 27.6% and cerebral vascular resistance by 51%. There were no changes in lactate and glucose metabolism. Cerebral oxygen consumption decreased by 18.25%. Changes in the electro-encephalograph were related to the blood levels of propofol. PMID- 3259096 TI - Propofol anaesthesia alters somatosensory evoked cortical potentials. AB - This study evaluated the effects of propofol on somatosensory evoked cortical potentials in 20 ASA grade 1 or 2 patients who underwent spinal surgery. Anaesthesia consisted of propofol, dextromoramide, 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen mixture. The induction dose of propofol was 2 mg/kg and was followed by an infusion of 6 mg/kg for the first hour and 3 mg/kg subsequently. Somatosensory evoked cortical potentials were recorded on the scalp and compared to pre operative values using Student's paired t-test. We observed a significant depression of evoked potential 10 minutes after induction, which continued until the early phase of recovery. Because of its short and quickly reversible action, propofol is an acceptable agent when clinical monitoring of the spinal cord is indicated but is not satisfactory when monitoring has to be based on somatosensory cortical evoked potentials. PMID- 3259097 TI - Propofol infusion and auditory evoked potentials. AB - The effects of propofol on auditory evoked potentials (brainstem and middle latency responses) were recorded in six patients. Two different infusion rates were used, 54 and 108 micrograms/kg/minute. Effects on brainstem responses were not found. Regression of amplitude and latency of middle latency auditory potentials were dose related (p less than 0.01). PMID- 3259098 TI - Comparison of propofol and methohexitone anaesthesia for thermocoagulation therapy of trigeminal neuralgia. AB - Propofol and methohexitone given in equipotent doses were compared for anaesthesia for thermocoagulation of trigeminal rootlets. Thirty-eight patients received two to six injections of the induction agents in one therapy session. The increase in arterial blood pressure during coagulation was significantly lower in the propofol group. Respiratory problems were encountered more often in those who received methohexitone (7/19 patients) than propofol (2/19 patients). There was a small but significant increase in blood propofol concentrations as well as in methohexitone plasma concentrations after repeated injections. Individual wake-up times increased to a statistically significant extent in relation to the number of doses of the induction agent but the increases were clinically unimportant (maximal mean change approximately 2 minutes). There were no differences in wake-up times between the two anaesthetic groups. PMID- 3259099 TI - Changes in intra-ocular pressure in the elderly during anaesthesia with propofol. AB - Variations in intra-ocular pressure during anaesthesia were studied in two groups of 15 elderly patients selected randomly. The groups were not significantly different with regard to age, sex, weight or ASA classification. The first group received intravenous propofol as a bolus followed by a continuous infusion. The second group received a bolus of thiopentone followed by maintenance with enflurane. Intra-ocular pressure, heart rate and arterial pressure were measured before and after induction, after intubation and at the end of the operation. Overall, compared with baseline values, the results showed a decrease in intra ocular pressure of 31% in group 1 and 17% in group 2, and a decrease in systolic arterial pressure of 14% in both groups. PMID- 3259101 TI - Propofol and emesis. AB - Ninety patients scheduled to undergo minor gynaecological surgery were divided into three groups. Group 1 received propofol only, for both induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Group 2 were given propofol for induction and maintenance but inhaled 66% nitrous oxide in addition. Group 3 had propofol for induction only and were given nitrous oxide and enflurane thereafter. The incidence of nausea in group 1 was 0%, in group 2, 3.4% and in group 3, 9.4%. No patient vomited. PMID- 3259100 TI - Propofol for electroconvulsive therapy. A comparison with methohexitone. Preliminary report. AB - Twenty patients who received electroconvulsive therapy were anaesthetised with either propofol or methohexitone in a randomised crossover study. Recovery times were similar but patients who received propofol tended to be orientated sooner. The decrease in arterial blood pressure after induction was greater with propofol than with methohexitone. There was an increase in blood pressure immediately after therapy in patients who received methohexitone but not in those given propofol. There was a slight difference in pain on injection. The mean duration of convulsion (measured in 10 patients) during anaesthesia was shorter with propofol than with methohexitone. PMID- 3259102 TI - Mood evaluation and outpatient anaesthesia. A comparison between propofol and thiopentone. AB - Mood state was evaluated in 40 unpremedicated patients who underwent minor gynaecological surgery, before and up to 4 hours after, anaesthesia induced with either propofol 2.5 mg/kg or thiopentone 5 mg/kg. Assessments were made by a self report technique, the profile of mood states method. The results indicate that mood state was less affected postoperatively in patients induced with propofol than with thiopentone. The overall impression of the investigators was that propofol patients had a definite sense of well-being after anaesthesia. PMID- 3259103 TI - Multicentre study of propofol in day case surgery. AB - An open multicentre study that involved 879 patients was set up after the launch of propofol to examine its use outside of the clinical trial programme and within the context of a routine clinical setting. Propofol was assessed as the main anaesthetic agent for a range of day case surgery that included gynaecological, urogenital, body surface, orthopaedic and dental procedures. For the purposes of the study, supplementary agents were restricted to fentanyl, alfentanil or nitrous oxide; no volatile anaesthetics were allowed. Induction of anaesthesia was smooth; 91.6% of patients experienced no excitatory or other adverse effect. The mean duration of anaesthesia was 12 minutes 12 seconds and the mean dosage of propofol was 10.6 mg/kg/hour. Maintenance was uneventful in the large majority of patients. Pain on injection affected approximately 25% of patients and the incidence was reduced when large veins were used for injection. Recovery was rapid with a short interval of approximately 1 minute between awakening and orientation (time to giving correct date of birth). There was a low incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. PMID- 3259104 TI - The effect of fentanyl on propofol requirements for day case anaesthesia. AB - Fifty women of ASA grade 1 or 2 scheduled to undergo minor gynaecological procedures were allocated randomly to two groups. Group A received fentanyl 100 micrograms intravenously before induction; group B received no sedative or analgesic drugs. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol intravenously and maintained using 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen with incremental doses of propofol. Induction time and dose were significantly less and mean arterial pressure decreased significantly lower in Group A. These differences were, however, small and the ranges of values were large. The incidence of side effects and subjective assessment of quality of anaesthesia were similar in both groups. Fentanyl did not confer any practical advantage when used with propofol in the techniques described above. PMID- 3259106 TI - Intubation under induction doses of propofol. AB - Twenty patients, ASA grades 1 and 2, aged 18-65 years were admitted to an open study to investigate the ease of tracheal intubation after induction of anaesthesia with propofol without the use of muscle relaxants after the chance observation that propofol 2.5 mg/kg allowed easy laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Satisfactory intubation conditions were achieved in 19 patients. PMID- 3259105 TI - Use of propofol for sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopies. AB - This study investigated the suitability of propofol as a sole agent for continuous sedation in 100 unpremedicated patients during gastrointestinal endoscopy. The propofol was given very slowly (average 62.7 seconds) in order to prevent apnoea during induction, and the dose adjusted according to age (68% of patients were older than 50 years) and ASA grade (32% were ASA grade 3 or 4). There was no correlation under these circumstances between the observed haemodynamic variations and the age or ASA grade of the patients. The infusion rate during maintenance was also adjusted for age, and for the type of endoscopy. The mean rate was 4.3 mg/kg/hour. Recovery was rapid and of excellent quality; 77 patients were awake within 10 minutes and 99 reported total amnesia. PMID- 3259107 TI - Propofol for inpatient dental anaesthesia. A comparison of propofol as sole anaesthetic agent with thiopentone and halothane for inpatient dental anaesthesia. AB - The induction, maintenance and recovery characteristics of propofol anaesthesia were compared with thiopentone induction and halothane maintenance in 51 spontaneously breathing, intubated patients who underwent dental surgery. Induction with thiopentone produced fewer side effects than propofol, notably pain on injection. Control of the depth of anaesthesia was better in patients who breathed halothane than in those who received intermittent bolus doses of propofol. Recovery characteristics of the two groups were similar. PMID- 3259108 TI - Comparison of a total intravenous anaesthetic technique using a propofol infusion, with an inhalational technique using enflurane for day case surgery. AB - A total intravenous anaesthetic technique with a propofol infusion for maintenance of anaesthesia was compared with an inhalational technique that used oxygen, nitrous oxide and enflurane in 98 unpremedicated patients who presented for day case surgery. Overall quality of anaesthesia during induction and maintenance was comparable in both groups. Quality of maintenance of anaesthesia in the propofol group was improved by an increase of the initial infusion rate from 12 to 15 mg/kg/hour. There was a larger decrease in arterial blood pressure after induction in the propofol group but no difference in blood pressure between the groups during maintenance. Recovery times and scores using the Steward scoring system were not significantly different. Nausea and vomiting were slightly less frequent in the propofol group. PMID- 3259109 TI - Comparison between propofol and midazolam as sedative agents for surgery under regional anaesthesia. AB - Propofol (25 patients) or midazolam (25 patients) was used to provide sedation in patients who underwent abdominal or orthopaedic surgery under epidural anaesthesia after intravenous premedication with droperidol 1 mg and fentanyl 20 micrograms. The quality of sedation whilst the block was performed, was assessed as good in 19 patients after propofol 1.49 mg/kg but six patients exhibited uncontrolled movement. Good sedation was provided in 22 patients after midazolam 3 mg. A mean infusion rate of propofol of 1.74 mg/kg/hour resulted in easily controllable sedation during the procedure. Eleven patients given midazolam required no further sedation but a mean of 5.79 mg was needed in the remaining 14 patients; the dose was unpredictable in individual patients. Recovery was significantly more rapid in the propofol group. PMID- 3259110 TI - Recovery times and side effects after propofol infusion and after isoflurane during ear surgery with additional infiltration anaesthesia. AB - Two anaesthetic procedures that did not include nitrous oxide were compared in a randomised study of 50 patients for tympanoplasty and tympanoscopy: propofol given for induction and maintenance, and thiopentone-isoflurane given for induction and maintenance, respectively. Induction in the first group was with a bolus injection of propofol and the same agent was given for the duration of anaesthesia by continuous intravenous administration. Thiopentone was given until loss of the eyelash reflex and anaesthesia maintained with isoflurane 0.4-2.0%. Analgesia was achieved in both groups by fentanyl given intravenously and by local injection of mepivacaine with ornipressin. The two patient groups were analysed for age, sex and weight as well as for side effects during the induction, maintenance and recovery periods, such as coughing, vomiting, venous pain, spontaneous movements, singultus, headaches, dysrhythmias and psychic disorders possibly due to anaesthesia. Side effects were moderate in both groups. Recovery time was statistically significantly shorter in the propofol group and the patients in this group appeared to be much more aware after recovery than those in the thiopentone-isoflurane group. PMID- 3259111 TI - A comparison of propofol and midazolam by infusion to provide sedation in patients who receive spinal anaesthesia. AB - Twenty patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia received by intravenous infusion either 1% propofol or 0.1% midazolam at a rate adjusted to maintain adequate sedation as judged on a five-point scale. No other anaesthetic or analgesic drugs were given. The mean time to reach the required level of sedation was similar in both groups and the quality and ease of control of sedation were good in all patients. Mean infusion rates were 3.73 mg/kg/hour for propofol and 0.27 mg/hg/hour for midazolam. Airway maintenance was excellent and there were no side effects other than restlessness of the arms in one patient in each group. Recovery, judged by ability to open the eyes and recall date of birth, was significantly more rapid after propofol than after midazolam (2 and 10 minutes respectively after the end of infusion) and two patients in the latter group were unduly drowsy in the initial postoperative period. Pre- and postoperative amnesia were greater in the midazolam group but no patient had recall of peri-operative events. Psychometric tests showed significantly better recovery of higher mental function after propofol for up to 2 hours after surgery. PMID- 3259112 TI - [High frequency ventilation with a conventional respiratory following heart surgery interventions]. AB - This study was designed to compare the effects of Continuous Positive-Pressure Ventilation (CPPV) and, by using the same unmodified conventional ventilator, High-Frequency Positive-Pressure Ventilation (HFPPVkonv). First, CPPV and HFPPVkonv were studied in a lung model with both normal (R = 5 mbar/1/second) and elevated (R = 20 mbar/1/second) resistance. Our results indicate that in HFPPVkonv the large compressible volume of the conventional ventilator did not influence lung model ventilation at normal resistance. The adjusted (300 ml) tidal volume (VT) and the measured volume of actual expiration (270 ml) were about the same (Fig. 1). However, with elevated resistance air trapping occurred. The large compressible volume influenced model ventilation during both CPPV and HFPPVkonv (Fig. 2). As a second step we evaluated the effects of HFPPVkonv on gas exchange, airway pressure, and hemodynamics in 12 patients (aged 43-69) postoperatively after elective cardiac surgery. After a period of stabilization at the intensive care unit every patient was first ventilated with CPPV. The ventilator settings were: VT = 10-12 ml/kg, inspiratory: expiratory ratio (I:E) = 1:2, frequency (F) = 12/min, V = 60 1/min, PEEP = 5 cm, FiO2 = 40%. After 20 min of CPPV baseline measurements were made (series I). Then the initial ventilator settings of CPPV were switched to HFPPVkonv, the conventional ventilator remaining unmodified. The settings were changed as follows: I:E = 1:3, F = 60/min, V = 120 1/min, PEEP = 5 cm, FiO2 = 40%. During 60 min of HFPPVkonv variables were measured first after 20 min (series II) and again after another 40 min (series III). Minute volume had to be doubled after changing from CPPV to HPFFVkonv to achieve eucapnia. As a result of the new ventilatory settings, VT and hold showed a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) (Table 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259113 TI - [Resuscitation and extravascular lung fluid in cardiac surgery]. AB - Cardiovascular arrest may be followed by severe respiratory insufficiency due to an increase in the pressure in the pulmonary vascular system, an alteration in capillary permeability, or both. Extracorporeal circulation (ECC), on the other hand, can lead to a change in capillary integrity ('capillary leakage') caused by the unphysiologic perfusion patterns and/or activation of various mediator systems. Pulmonary hyperhydration (increased extravascular lung water [EVLW]) seems to be the most important factor limiting pulmonary function in this situation. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the influence of resuscitation in the period before ECC on pulmonary EVLW thereafter. Eight coronary surgery patients who had to be resuscitated in the period before the start of ECC due to cardiocirculatory arrest were compared to 8 patients without resuscitation selected randomly (control group). There were no differences between the two groups with regard to age, catheterization data, and ECC conditions. All patients underwent identical monitoring, including estimation of EVLW. Lung water measurement was performed by the thermal dye technique with indocyanine green (= non-diffusible indicator) dissolved in ice-cold dextrose (= diffusible indicator) and a bedside microprocessor before resusciation and after ECC (15 min, 45 min, 5h). Simultaneously, hemodynamics and parameters of pulmonary gas exchange were monitored. Baseline values of EVLW were comparable in both groups. After ECC a transient increase in EVLW could be demonstrated in the controls, indicating an altered fluid flux even in 'uncomplicated' courses; 5 h after ECC lung water content had again reached baseline values. In contrast, there was a significant increase in EVLW in the 'complicated group' immediately after ECC (+2.60 ml/kg) and 5 h after ECC (+1.38 ml/kg); in consequence, the paO2 was significantly decreased (-180 mmHg) while Qs/Qt was increased (+6.79%). It is concluded that the combination of two factors that potentially damage pulmonary tissue and increase lung water content (reanimation due to circulatory arrest and extracorporeal circulation) lead to a significant increase in extravascular lung water combined with a deterioration of pulmonary function, resulting in severe respiratory failure. PMID- 3259114 TI - Separation of human salivary alpha-amylase isozymes by high-performance liquid chromatography with a continuous monitor system of the activity. AB - Human salivary alpha-amylase isozymes were rapidly separated from each other by high-performance liquid chromatography with a postcolumn assay. The eluate from the HPLC column was mixed continuously with an intramolecularly quenched fluorescent substrate, p-nitro-phenyl O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-alpha-D glucopyranoside delivered by a pump. The mixture was incubated in a reaction coil, and the fluorescence intensity was continuously measured by a fluorescence detector. The assay was based on the marked increase in fluorescence with the enzymatic cleavage of the glycosidic bond of the substrate that links the fluorogenic and quenching moieties. PMID- 3259115 TI - Ultrastructural study of the semicircular canal cells of the frog Rana esculenta. AB - The ultrastructure of the nonsensory cells (dark cells, transitional cells, and undifferentiated cells) of the frog semicircular canal was studied by using transmission electron microscopy in an attempt to correlate the structure with the functions of these epithelial cells. All the nonsensory cells were linked by tight junctions and desmosomes; this suggested that there is little paracellular ionic transport from perilymph to endolymph. In the dark cell epithelium, the apical intercellular spaces were dilated; in the basal part, numerous basolateral plasma membrane infoldings, containing mitochondria, delimited electron-lucent spaces. The undifferentiated cells and the transitional cells were devoid of any basal membrane infolding. Surrounding the semicircular canal, very flattened and interdigitated mesothelial cells constituted a thin multilayer tissue which limited the perilymphatic space. The morphological aspect of the dark cells suggests that they may play a role in the secretion and/or in the reabsorption of endolymph, which bathes the apical pole of these cells. The undifferentiated and transitional cells can play a role in the maintenance of the endolymphatic ionic composition because of their apical tight junctions and desmosomes. PMID- 3259116 TI - [Possibilities of electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation for postoperative pain relief in the obstetrics and gynecology clinic]. PMID- 3259117 TI - [Effect of analgetic electroacupuncture on the hemostatic system in cancer patients]. PMID- 3259118 TI - Dopamine in the extrapyramidal motor function. A study based upon the MPTP induced primate model of parkinsonism. PMID- 3259119 TI - [Endocavitary fulguration in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia]. AB - Fulguration of the heart cavities seems currently to be a technique of increasing value in the treatment of untractable arrhythmias, of supraventricular junctional or ventricular origin. This study represents the evaluation of our experience with 64 patients, maximum follow-up is 54 months and the minimum follow-up is 7 months. Although the results are quite satisfactory in the fulguration of the bundle of his and in the fulguration of the arrhythmic site inducing ventricular tachycardia, these results are inferior in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in which fulguration of the coronary sinus seems contraindicated al filter (LEM type), resulting in the death of the patient. It is a true, early (1st week) migration after accurate positioning, opposite L4, and not an incident of insertion. PMID- 3259120 TI - Detection of plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases with DNA probes. AB - beta-Lactamase identification by colony hybridization with 32P-labeled DNA probes for TEM-1, SHV-1, OXA-1, OXA-2, PSE-1, PSE-2, and PSE-4 was compared with isoelectric focusing in 122 clinical isolates making a variety of enzyme types. All strains producing a probe-type enzyme gave a positive hybridization reaction. Cross-hybridization was observed between TEM-1 and TEM-2 or TLE-1, between SHV-1 and SHV-2, between OXA-1 and OXA-4, between OXA-2 and OXA-3 (weak), between PSE-2 and OXA-6 or OXA-5 (weak), and among PSE-1, PSE-4, and CARB-3. With allowance for such cross-hybridization, only six strains gave false-positive reactions, and the procedure was 99% specific. PMID- 3259121 TI - National collaborative study of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - A total of 2,811 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae were obtained during 1986 from 30 medical centers and one nationwide private independent laboratory in the United States. Among these, 757 (26.9%) were type b strains. The overall rate of beta-lactamase-mediated ampicillin resistance was 20.0%. Type b strains were approximately twice as likely as non-type b strains to produce beta-lactamase (31.7 versus 15.6%). The MICs of 12 antimicrobial agents were determined for all isolates. Ampicillin resistance among strains that lacked beta-lactamase activity was extremely uncommon (0.1%). Percentages of study isolates susceptible to cefamandole, cefaclor, cephalothin, and cephalexin were 98.7, 94.5, 87.3, and 43.3%, respectively. For 14 strains (0.5% of the total), chloramphenicol MICs were greater than or equal to 8.0 micrograms, and thus the strains were considered resistant. All of these resistant strains produced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. In addition, all 14 strains were resistant to tetracycline; 11 produced beta-lactamase. The percentage of isolates susceptible to tetracycline was 97.7%. In contrast, erythromycin and sulfisoxazole were relatively inactive. The combination of erythromycin-sulfisoxazole (1/64) was more active than erythromycin alone but essentially equivalent in activity to sulfisoxazole alone. Finally, small numbers of clinical isolates of H. influenzae were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and rifampin. PMID- 3259122 TI - In vitro antimicrobial activity of tigemonam, a new orally administered monobactam. AB - At five geographically separate medical centers, over 6,000 clinical bacterial isolates were tested for their susceptibility to tigemonam by the broth microdilution method. The antimicrobial spectrum of tigemonam was similar to that of aztreonam, but with two differences. Aztreonam was more active against Pseudomonas spp., and tigemonam was more active against some streptococci. Tigemonam was highly resistant to hydrolysis by the eight beta-lactamase enzymes tested. A significant (greater than a fourfold increase in the MICs of tigemonam) inoculum effect occurred when 3 of 13 isolates were tested with inocula of 5 X 10(5) and 1 X 10(7) CFU/ml. Tigemonam was bactericidal for all but 1 of the 13 isolates. Of the four quality-control strains recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, only Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 provided on-scale results. The proposed MIC quality-control range of tigemonam for E. coli ATCC 25922 is 0.13 to 0.5 micrograms/ml. PMID- 3259123 TI - Oligonucleotide probes (TEM-1, OXA-1) versus isoelectric focusing in beta lactamase characterization of 114 resistant strains. AB - Oligonucleotide probes specific for detection of the TEM-1 and OXA-1 beta lactamase genes were compared with isoelectric focusing in 114 gram-negative beta lactamase-producing strains representing at least 16 species. Correlations of 96 and 100% with isoelectric points were found for the TEM-1 and OXA-1 probes, respectively. PMID- 3259124 TI - Isolated pulmonary histiocytosis. AB - Pulmonary disease in the 'histiocytosis syndromes' is not uncommon. Isolated pulmonary histiocytosis, however, is rarely diagnosed. We describe three patients with this condition, with ages ranging from 3 weeks to 9 1/2 years, in whom there was no evidence of disease in any other organ. Their presentation, treatment, and clinical progress over three years of follow up are discussed. PMID- 3259125 TI - The synovial membrane in osteoarthritis: a histological study including the characterisation of the cellular infiltrate present in inflammatory osteoarthritis using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Inflammatory infiltration of the synovial membrane has been described in a proportion of cases of osteoarthritis (OA). Using conventional histology, lymphoid follicles, diffuse fibrosis, and perivascular fibrosis were shown to be present to a significantly greater extent and in more synovial membranes in osteoarthritis than in those cases where there was a mechanical or traumatic background to the joint disease. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals (five patients) and detritus fragments of bone and cartilage (seven patients) were present in small numbers of the total cases of OA (38) studied. Neither of these features was related to the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate. Examination of 20 osteoarthritic synovial membranes using monoclonal antibodies showed the presence of lymphoid follicles containing T helper and T suppressor lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages expressing HLA-DR in five cases. The T helper:suppressor ratio varied between 1:1 and 2.5:1 in these follicles. In addition, half of the OA samples, including these five cases, showed the presence of a diffuse cellular infiltrate containing T and B lymphocytes and macrophages, which were HLA-DR positive. Granulocytes were present in this diffuse infiltrate in those cases containing lymphoid follicles. The results confirm the presence of an inflammatory form of osteoarthritis but also show that the proportions of lymphoid cells are not the same as those considered to be typical of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3259126 TI - Sarcoidosis presenting as antinuclear antibody positive glomerulonephritis. AB - A 43 year old woman who initially presented with the nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) was given the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). One year later the patient developed progressive subcutaneous nodules on her forearms, with histopathology of non caseating granulomas. Further evaluation of the patient showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy and interstitial lung disease with numerous granulomas, establishing the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The presence of autoimmune antibodies and glomerulonephritis has been reported in sarcoidosis, but this case is believed to be the first in which both glomerulonephritis and ANAs are present in a sarcoid patient. PMID- 3259127 TI - Coronary flow reserve: physiologically important, operatively altered, and clinically emerging. PMID- 3259128 TI - Internal mammary artery versus saphenous vein graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery: prospective randomized study with 10-year follow-up. AB - In 1975, 80 patients undergoing revascularization were prospectively randomized to receive either a greater saphenous vein (SV) graft (41 patients, Group 1) or a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft (39 patients, Group 2) to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). All patients were completely revascularized. The average number of grafts per patient in both groups was 3.2. Patients were followed 10 years; follow-up was 97.5% complete. Group 1 and Group 2 were compared in regard to mortality, treadmill response, myocardial infarction, reoperation, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and return to work. Mortality in Group 1 was 17.9% versus 7.7% in Group 2 (p less than 0.05). Treadmill studies were positive in 17 Group 1 patients and 7 Group 2 patients (p less than 0.05). Myocardial infarctions occurred in 8 patients in Group 1 versus 3 in Group 2. The number of reoperations was 2 in Group 1 versus 1 in Group 2. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed in 3 patients in Group 1 and 2 in Group 2. Repeat studies revealed 76.3% patency of the SV graft to the LAD (Group 1) and 94.6% patency of the LIMA graft to the LAD (Group 2). Cardiac-related mortality in Group 1 was 12.8% at 10 years (5 patients) versus 7.7% in Group 2 (3 patients). Based on this study, the IMA is a superior conduit for bypass to the LAD. PMID- 3259129 TI - Spasm in mammary artery grafts. PMID- 3259130 TI - Air embolism prevention. PMID- 3259132 TI - [Ultrastructural changes of receptor endings in prolonged action of local anesthetics]. AB - Ultrastructural changes of the terminal plates of the bushy receptors in the frog urinary bladder have been studied after two hours' exposition in 0.05% novocaine solution and one hour's exposition in 0.05% dicaine and trimecaine solution. During these periods a steady block of the receptor impulse activity develops. The local anesthetics essentially change ultramicroscopic structure of the terminals. The reaction to the anesthetics investigated has both some features in common and certain peculiarities. At each effect three types of changes can be determined, characterized with various degree of rearrangement in neurilemma, neuroplasm and organelles. Each type of the changes is supposed to reflect a certain phase of the plate reactive response. Specificities of the reaction to novocaine are minimal changes of mitochondria, accumulation of glycogen granules, deformity and decreasing amount of vesicles. Under dicaine effect mitochondria do not change, amount of vesicles increases, their form does not change; under trimecaine effect mitochondria undergo most noticeable alterations. The changes of the terminal plates observed are interpreted as adaptive. The effect of the local anesthetics on the receptors is not limited with the blockade of the sodium canals of the afferent fibers, in parallel, biochemical processes, occurring in cytosol of the terminals also change; their morphological manifestations are the ultrastructural changes observed. PMID- 3259131 TI - Characterization of the antinociceptive effects of a ganglioside derivative in rodents. AB - The results of a broad pharmacological screening on a natural mixture of gangliosides (GA) and an inner ester (AGF1) are reported. Up to relatively high doses, GA and AGF1 did not affect general behavior and neurologic functions and were devoided of diuretic, antipyretic, ulcerogenic, antireserpine, antiapomorphine, anticholinergic and anticonvulsivant actions. Both compounds interfere specifically with some induced conditions of inflammation and pain, but AGF1 shows a stronger action in reducing phenylquinone writhing than GA which appears to possess a more pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. In the rat paw oedema the anti-inflammatory effect of GA and AGF1 developed 1 hr after carrageenin and reached its maximum at 2 hr, suggesting that an inhibition of the serotonin and kinin phases might be partly responsible. Therefore, it would seem that the anti-inflammatory action of gangliosides is not exerted by an inhibition of the prostaglandin (PG) system. This assumption is supported by the finding that GA and AGF1 did not influence yeast-induced hyperthermia nor produced ulcerogenic effects in fasted rats. Subcutaneous administration of AGF1 is less potent than indomethacin (2 times) in reducing phenylquinone writhings, but more effective than GA (6 times), codeine (9 times) and acetylsalicylic acid (187 times). After i.c.v. administration the anti-writhing activity of AGF1 was far more potent than that of all the other compounds. The neuronal substrate involved in the AGF1 antinociception is unknown at this time. The comparative study with GA suggests a dissociation between the anti-inflammatory activity and the antinociceptive response. The lack of analgesia in the hot plate test and the naloxone insensitive anti-writhing effect of AGF1 in mice indicate that a central opioid mechanism is not involved in the antinociceptive action. Furthermore, the negativity of the neurogenic plasma extravasation test seems to exclude also an interaction with peripheral opiate receptors. It is suggested that the antinociceptive action of AGF1 has both a peripheral and a central component via an interference with peripheral exsudative phenomena and the central serotonergic tonus. PMID- 3259133 TI - Bradykinin induces the bi-phasic production of lysophosphatidyl inositol and diacylglycerol in a dorsal root ganglion X neurotumor hybrid cell line, F-11. AB - Bradykinin acts on the dorsal root ganglion X neuroblastoma hybrid cell line F-11 to stimulate the rapid elevation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and intracellular calcium. We now show an equally rapid release of arachidonyl labeled diacylglycerol (DAG), (243 +/- 32% of control). This first peak of diacylglycerol production was inhibitable by either pretreatment with 200 ng/ml of pertussis toxin overnight or by 10 nM tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). In addition, a second, more sustained release occurred, plateauing at approximately five minutes (304 +/- 16%). The second peak of DAG was unaffected by these TPA or pertussis pre-incubations. Simultaneous analysis of inositol-labeled phospholipids showed that the initial IP3 and DAG peaks corresponded to initial decreases in phosphoinositides PIP2 and PIP whereas PI increased slightly over this same time period. In contrast, at 5-30 minutes, PIP2 and PIP returned to normal levels, but PI gradually decreased to 75% of control values. Likewise, TPA blocked this early PIP and PIP2 breakdown, but had no effect on the delayed breakdown of monophosphatidylinositol (PI). Bradykinin also induced an equally rapid increase in lysophosphatidyl inositol (lyso-PI) with a peak around 10-30 seconds, and a second more sustained peak after 10 minutes. This production of lyso-PI was not affected by prior treatment with TPA or pertussis toxin. The initial and the sustained phases of diacylglycerol production probably result from different biochemical mechanisms and/or substrates. PMID- 3259134 TI - Human pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein: a new member of the carcinoembryonic antigen gene family. AB - The amino acid sequence of human pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PS beta G) as deduced from the cDNA sequence contains two repeated protein domains (1a and 2a) of 93 amino acids each. PS beta G shows strong homology to human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at both nucleotide and amino acid levels. CEA contains eight domains including a N-terminal domain, three repeated domains (I, II, and III), each containing two subdomains (A and B), and a hydrophobic carboxyl-terminal domain. PS beta G contains a CEA-like N-terminal domain, two repeated domains similar to the A subdomains of CEA which is followed by a domain (1b) similar to the B subdomains of CEA, but lacks a hydrophobic carboxyl terminal domain. The positions of the cysteine residues in each domain also are conserved, indicating that PS beta G and CEA are two members of the same gene family. PMID- 3259136 TI - Plasma pharmacokinetics of cinmetacin following oral administration in healthy volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a single 600 mg oral dose of 1-cinnamoyl-2-methyl-5 methoxy-3-indolylacetic acid (cinmetacin, Cindomet) was studied in 8 healthy volunteers of both sexes. Plasma levels of the drug were assayed by using an HPLC technique ad hoc devised. Following administration, the Cmax was reached at the 2nd h in 7 out of 8 subjects with an average value of 18.19 micrograms/ml; 12 h after the dose (last sampling time) appreciable plasma levels of cinmetacin were measured, corresponding to 17.2% of the maximum average concentration. The mean values +/- S.E. concerning the elimination half-life, the total volume of distribution, the total plasma clearance and the total area under the curve were 3.80 +/- 0.21 h, 0.28 +/- 0.03 l/kg, 0.051 +/- 0.005 l/kg/h, and 125.64 +/- 15.97 micrograms.h/ml, respectively. The plasma decay of cinmetacin was monophasic and the data were interpreted according to a one-compartment open model. Overall results indicate that cinmetacin is well and rapidly absorbed orally and widely distributed in body fluids. PMID- 3259135 TI - Interleukin-2 self-association. AB - The self-association of human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) from E. coli was explored. Self-association, with an apparent Kd of 0.6 micromolar, has pronounced effects on (1) the surface exposure of Trp-121, deduced from quenching studies employing potassium iodide and acrylamide, (2) the apparent quantum yield of Trp 121, the fluorescence of Trp-121 in IL-2 aggregates is 4-fold lower than in IL-2 "monomers", and (3) IL-2-mediated phospholipid vesicle fusion/aggregation. PMID- 3259137 TI - Effects of lidocaine infusion in cats after unilateral labyrinthectomy. AB - In the auditory/vestibular system, intravenous lidocaine hydrochloride administration has been reported to provide transient relief from severe tinnitus, reduce dizziness and emesis accompanying Meniere's disease, and sometimes improve audiometric thresholds in sensorineural hearing loss. In this study, the labyrinth was destroyed unilaterally in a series of cats. Animals constantly fell and demonstrated prominent contralateral nystagmus and a rotary motion of the head. Within four hours of a 4-mg/kg intravenous lidocaine hydrochloride injection, the cats were able to ambulate freely without falling. The nystagmus was reduced, and there was virtual absence of the rotary head motion. In contrast, the controls had persistent signs of vestibular disturbance. These results demonstrate that lidocaine infusion ameliorates the effects of unilateral labyrinthectomy in cats and thus may be a potential antivertiginous agent. PMID- 3259138 TI - Renal insufficiency in patients treated with high dose methotrexate. PMID- 3259139 TI - Nonrandom distribution of antibodies to the TRS protein of human immunodeficiency virus in infected people with different clinical status. AB - A transregulatory gene, trs, of human immunodeficiency virus I (HIV-1) was expressed in bacteria as a 26-kD fusion protein. Survey of over 100 individuals infected with HIV revealed a nonrandom distribution of seropositivity against trs: a few of the asymptomatic carriers and AIDS patients (less than 5%) had sera that reacted with the 26-kD protein. In contrast, 29% of the ARC patients' sera reacted positively. This result is different from those of serological reactivities of the other accessory gene products of HIV-1 (tat, sor, 3' orf, and R) which did not differentiate among stages of clinical progression. Since ARC is a prodrome for full-blown AIDS, these results suggest that trs may be useful as a prognostic marker for AIDS development. PMID- 3259140 TI - Partial purification of native HIV transmembrane protein gp41: generation of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. AB - We partially purified the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) glycoprotein gp41 from infected H9 cells by immunoaffinity chromatography using a column containing the M25 monoclonal antibody (diMarzo-Veronese et al., 1985). A pH 11.5 buffer worked best for eluting the glycoprotein from this column. The eluted gp41 was used in a sensitive slot blot immunoassay to detect antibodies to HIV in human sera and to prepare rabbit polyclonal antibodies and the 41-1S mouse monoclonal antibody. These antibodies reacted with gp41 in immunoprecipitation and in Western blot assays, but did not neutralize HIV in a syncytium-forming microassay. A pH 2.5 buffer was found to be the most effective solution for eluting gp41 from a 41-1S monoclonal antibody column. PMID- 3259141 TI - Selective depletion of low-density CD8+, CD16+ lymphocytes during HIV infection. AB - Two color cytofluorometric analyses of CD3-, CD16+, Leu 19+ natural killer cells (NK) were assessed in HIV seropositive patients, high-risk seronegative homosexuals, and healthy heterosexuals. A selective depletion of lymphocytes bearing NK phenotypes was found among HIV-positive infected patients. When the CD16+ lymphocyte compartment was further dissected, lymphoid cells bearing simultaneously low cell-surface density CD8 and CD16 (Leu 11a or Leu 11c) or Leu 19 epitopes were selectively and significantly decreased. This important depletion of CD8+ NK cells, which in most cases are CD3-, accounts for the decline in low-density CD8+ lymphocytes in HIV positive group, while a significant increase occurs in their CTL pool. Furthermore, in HIV negative high risk homosexuals, a less profound but significant reduction of this lymphocyte subset was also found. Whether the involvement of the NK compartment, especially NK cells expressing the CD8 marker, may influence the outcome of individuals infected with HIV is still an open question. PMID- 3259142 TI - Clinical, hematologic, and immunologic cross-sectional evaluation of individuals exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2). AB - We studied the clinical status and certain hematologic and immunologic parameters in healthy prostitutes from Dakar, Senegal who were seropositive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2). Generalized lymphadenopathy and clinical signs or symptoms similar to those which are seen with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection were not present. Comparison to seronegative prostitutes and minor surgery control patients were made and significant elevations were seen in T8 lymphocytes (p = .03), IgG (p = .0001), and beta 2-microglobulin (p = .03). The mean T4 lymphocyte count in seropositive prostitutes was lower than in seronegative prostitutes (757 vs. 1179, p = .15), but this difference was not statistically significant and appeared to be correlated with age. No significant differences were noted between the seronegative and seropositive prostitutes in lymphocyte stimulation studies to certain mitogens. Antilymphocyte antibodies above background were not present in either population. We conclude that HIV-2 is a sexually transmitted agent that produces immunologic alterations consistent with a persistent viral infection. HIV-2 seropositive prostitutes studied to date do not show clinical signs of immune suppression, as has been described with HIV-1 infection. The pathogenic potential of HIV-2 appears to differ from that of HIV-1, the etiologic agent of the AIDS pandemic. PMID- 3259143 TI - Mode of insertion into a lipid membrane of the N-terminal HIV gp41 peptide segment. AB - The complete amino-acid sequence of the gp160 polyprotein of HIV (strain WMJ1) has been analyzed by the Eisenberg procedure. The region surrounding the cleavage site between the gp120 and the gp41 subunit contains a receptor-like region immediately followed by a transmembrane-like region containing approximately 13 residues. These two regions are separated by the cleavage site between gp120 and gp41. Since the same arrangement exists in some paramyxoviruses (unpublished observation) and since the effective cleavage between a receptor-like region and the transmembrane-like region is required in paramyxoviruses to generate fusogenic segment (located at the N-terminal sequence of the transmembrane-like region), we have focused our analysis on the conformational properties of the N terminal peptide segment of HIV gp41. This peptide segment, which consists of a helical structure according to Garnier prediction, was oriented at the lipid water interface using a theoretical analysis method that we recently developed. Analysis of the transmembrane peptide determined by Eisenberg method shows that the helical segment orients itself in the lipid monolayer obliquely with respect to the lipid-water interface. Since this rather unusual orientation for a membrane segment of a protein is also found in the fusogenic peptide of the Newcastle Disease Virus (Virus Genes, in press) and seems to possess membrane destabilizing properties, it is in agreement with previous reports suggesting a fusogenic role for the N-terminal part of gp41. PMID- 3259144 TI - NMR studies of abasic sites in DNA duplexes: deoxyadenosine stacks into the helix opposite the cyclic analogue of 2-deoxyribose. AB - Proton and phosphorus NMR studies are reported for the complementary d(C-A-T-G-A G-T-A-C).d(G-T-A-C-F-C-A-T-G) nonanucleotide duplex (designated APF 9-mer duplex) which contains a stable abasic site analogue, F, in the center of the helix. This oligodeoxynucleotide contains a modified tetrahydrofuran moiety, isosteric with 2 deoxyribofuranose, which serves as a structural analogue of a natural apurinic/apyrimidinic site [Takeshita, M., Chang, C.N., Johnson, F., Will, S., & Grollman, A.P. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 10171-10179]. Exchangeable and nonexchangeable base and sugar protons, including those located at the abasic site, have been assigned in the complementary APF 9-mer duplex by recording and analyzing two-dimensional phase-sensitive NOESY data sets in H2O and D2O solution at low temperature (0 degrees C). These studies indicate that A5 inserts into the helix opposite the abasic site F14 and stacks with flanking G4.C15 and G6.C13 Watson-Crick base pairs. Base-sugar proton NOE connectivities were measured through G4-A5-G6 on the unmodified strand and between the base protons of C15 and the sugar protons of the 5'-flanking residue F14 on the modified strand. These studies establish that all glycosidic torsion angles are anti and that the helix is right-handed at and adjacent to the abasic site in the APF 9-mer duplex. Two of the 16 phosphodiester groups exhibit phosphorus resonances outside the normal spectral dispersion indicative of altered torsion angles at two of the phosphate groups in the backbone of the APF 9-mer duplex. PMID- 3259145 TI - Inhibition of human blood coagulation factor XIa by C-1 inhibitor. AB - The inactivation of activated factor XI (factor XIa) and of its isolated light chain by C-1 inhibitor was studied. Irreversible inhibition was observed in a reaction in which no reversible enzyme-inhibitor complex was formed. The second order rate constants for the inactivation of factor XIa or its light chain by C-1 inhibitor were 2.3 X 10(3) and 2.7 X 10(3) M-1 s-1, respectively. High molecular weight kininogen did not affect the rate of inactivation. The nature of the complexes formed between factor XIa or its light chain and C-1 inhibitor was studied by using sodium dodecyl sulfate gradient polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Under nonreducing conditions, two factor XIa-C-1 inhibitor complexes were observed with apparent molecular weights of 230,000 and 300,000. Reduction of these complexes resulted in the formation of a single band with a molecular weight of 130,000. This band is also formed in the reaction of the isolated light chain of factor XIa with C-1 inhibitor. These results demonstrate that two C-1 inhibitor molecules can become bound to the light chains of a factor XIa molecule. In addition, the mechanism of interaction of factor XIa or its isolated light chain with C-1 inhibitor appears identical, and the rate of inactivation of the enzyme by C-1 inhibitor is very similar. Neither the heavy chain of factor XIa nor high molecular weight kininogen is significantly involved in the inactivation of factor XIa by C-1 inhibitor. PMID- 3259146 TI - Quenching of tryptophanyl fluorescence of bovine adrenal P-450C-21 and inhibition of substrate binding by acrylamide. AB - Quenching of the tryptophanyl fluorescence of cytochrome P-450C-21 by acrylamide and its relationship to substrate binding are investigated by using steady-state and time-resolved data. The average collisional quenching constant was 0.4 M whereas the quenching constant for the total fluorescence was 10.8 +/- 0.9 M. This indicates that the quenching is essentially static. The quencher inhibited the binding of the substrate apparently competitively. The inhibition constant was 0.092 M, giving rise to an association constant of 10.9 M which is remarkably similar to the static quenching constant. It is suggested that tryptophan(s) may represent a key to the substrate-binding site in P-450C-21. PMID- 3259147 TI - Benzodiazepines stimulate sodium ion transport in frog skin epithelium. AB - Benzodiazepine binding sites are present in a variety of non-neuronal tissues including the kidney where they are localized to distal nephron segments. It is postulated that renal binding sites are involved in modulating ion transport. This study examined the effects of two benzodiazepines on sodium transport in frog skin epithelium, a model system for sodium transport in renal collecting duct. Treatment of short-circuited frog skin with diazepam (a non-selective benzodiazepine agonist) stimulated amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current, reflecting stimulation of active sodium transport. The diazepam response was equally effective with either serosal or mucosal application of the drug. Maximal stimulation of the current (42 +/- 8%) was achieved with 10 microM diazepam (serosal). Short-circuit current was similarly augmented by serosal or mucosal addition of Ro5-4864, a benzodiazepine agonist with selective activity at peripheral (non-neuronal) receptors. The natriferic response to diazepam was additive to that of vasopressin or cyclic AMP suggesting that the mode of action of benzodiazepines is probably distinct from the cyclic AMP pathway. Thus, frog skin appears to be a useful model to examine the epithelial effects of benzodiazepines. Whether stimulation of sodium transport, however, involves peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in this tissue requires further studies. PMID- 3259148 TI - An investigation of the effectiveness of certain antioxidants in preserving the motility of reactivated bull sperm models. AB - Bull sperm that had been disrupted by freezing and thawing were reactivated with 1 mM Mg-adenosine 5'-triphosphate. The antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, dithiothreitol, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were tested for their ability to prolong the motility of the reactivated sperm. GSH was employed both by itself and as part of a reducing system that maintained the tripeptide in the reduced form. Three of the test agents were found to increase the duration of motility in the sperm preparations; these were reduced glutathione, dithiothreitol, and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione was the most effective protective agent, yielding reactivated preparations with a half-life for the decay of motility of 2.5 h. While dithiothreitol (DTT) is widely employed as an antioxidant, we found that DTT is measurably less effective than glutathione (half-life of 1.5 h). In spite of glutathione's effectiveness in preserving motility, we have found, by direct assay, that mature bull sperm do not contain detectable amounts of this common biological antioxidant. Our results support the hypothesis that oxidative damage contributes to the loss of motility in reactivated sperm and suggest that oxidation could be a factor in motility loss in living sperm. PMID- 3259149 TI - The clinical spectrum of psoriatic spondylitis. AB - Forty-three psoriatic patients with spondylitic involvement (19 women and 24 men, mean age 41 years) have been reviewed. Three different subsets were recognized. The first (PS1), with predominant involvement of the axial skeleton, occurred in 22 (seven women and 15 men, mean age 39). The second (PS2) and the third (PS3) showed an overlap of spondylitis and peripheral articular disease. In PS2 this consisted of distal interphalangeal (DIP) arthritis (five women and three men, mean age 41), while in PS3 there was symmetrical polyarthritis (seven women and six men, mean age 42). Spinal involvement, present in every case, was characterized by unilateral and asymmetrical syndesmophytes, often nonmarginal and randomly affecting the vertebral column. Sacroiliitis, absent in the PS2 subset, was present in 15 of the PS1 and in two of the PS3 subgroup and was bilateral in six and unilateral in 11. The HLA-B27 antigen, absent in the PS2 subgroup, was found in 12 of the PS1 and in two of the PS3 subset. It was associated with sacroiliitis in 13 cases and with spondylitis without sacroiliitis in only one case. Nail changes were recorded in 30% of the total cases and showed a strict relationship with the PS2 subset (40%). Extra-articular symptoms, consisting almost exclusively of ocular involvement, occurred in three patients only (two cases of conjunctivitis and one of acute anterior uveitis). The clinical course of psoriatic spondylitis appeared less disabling than that of the idiopathic form. PMID- 3259150 TI - Spatial frequency-dependent abnormalities of the pattern electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials in a parkinsonian monkey model. AB - The pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) and pattern electroretinogram (PERG) were studied in 5 cynomolgus monkeys before and during the development of a parkinsonian syndrome induced by MPTP. The stimuli were vertical bars of four spatial frequencies (0.5, 1.2, 2.5 and 3.5 cycles/degree (cpd) modulated at temporal rates of 1, 4, 6, and 8 Hz. Following MPTP administration, all monkeys developed parkinsonian signs accompanied by changes in the amplitude and latency of the PVEP and PERG. Sinemet L-dopat carbi olopa administration produced temporary recovery of both PVEP and PERG. Two of the monkeys were followed for a prolonged period: 30-40 days after MPTP, the parkinsonian signs showed partial recovery; the PVEP latency and amplitude to 2.5 and 3.5 cpd stimuli and the latency to 1.2 cpd showed improvement but remained abnormal. The latencies of PERGs were normal, but the amplitudes were significantly reduced when stimuli of 2.5 and 3.5 cpd were used. Both PVEP and PERG to 0.5 cpd stimuli returned to normal. No further modifications were seen in the recordings performed 6 months and 1 year later. This study demonstrates (1) that spatial frequency-dependent electrophysiological abnormalities occur in the MPTP-treated monkey, a result previously found in human Parkinson's disease, and (2) that dopamine has a specific function in neurotransmission in the visual system of primates. PMID- 3259151 TI - Distribution of androgen receptor in microdissected brain areas of the female baboon (Papio cynocephalus). AB - We measured androgen receptors in the brain and pituitary of 4 female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) by the in vitro binding of methyltrienolone (R1881) to cytosols from 17 brain subregions as well as anterior and posterior pituitaries. High levels of AR were detected in anterior (22.1 +/- 7.1 (S.E.M.) fmol/mg protein) and posterior pituitary (12.6 +/- 3.3 fmol/mg protein). In brain tissue, the highest androgen receptor levels were found in the infundibular nucleus/median eminence (9.4 +/- 2.3 fmol/mg protein), ventromedial nucleus (6.3 +/- 1.7 fmol/mg protein) and periventricular area (4.9 +/- 1.3 fmol/mg protein). Saturation analysis of anterior pituitary and brain tissue (pool of hypothalamic, preoptic area, amygdala and septum remaining after microdissection of brain nuclei) showed that [3H]R1881 binds to the androgen receptor with high specificity and affinity (Kd = 1.25 x 10(-10) M, 0.45 x 10(-10) M, in anterior pituitary and HPA cytosol, respectively). Serum testosterone levels were low in all animals (0.59 +/- 0.26 ng/ml). With these data we described the quantitative distribution of androgen receptor in the pituitary and in specific brain nuclei in a species of nonhuman primate. The distribution is similar in many respects to that described in the male rat and the data suggest a conservation of androgen receptor distribution across species. PMID- 3259152 TI - Unilateral MPTP lesion in a rhesus monkey: effects on the striatal dopaminergic system measured in vivo with PET using various novel tracers. AB - We have produced in one monkey a unilateral lesion of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway by slowly infusing 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1.2.3.6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into the right internal carotid artery, resulting in contralateral hemiparkinsonism. This procedure was combined with a series of positron emission tomography scans before and after the lesion, using several dopaminergic tracers in parallel. We show that specific binding of [11C]nomifensine in the lesioned striatum disappears to a large extent (80-90%) as a result of the lesion, indicating a corresponding loss of striatal dopamine re-uptake binding sites and thus of the dopamine nerve terminal pool. The uptake of radioactivity in the striatum contralateral to the lesion remained unchanged. In parallel, an early increase in ipsilateral [11C]raclopride binding, indicating upregulation of dopamine D2 receptors, was seen following the presynaptic lesion. [11C]Deprenyl uptake, indicating monoamine oxidase type B enzyme concentration, did not change after the lesion. PMID- 3259153 TI - [Hemodynamic impact of 2 anesthesia protocols for suspension laryngoscopies]. PMID- 3259154 TI - The safety of administration of massive doses of methotrexate (50 g) with equimolar citrovorum factor rescue in adult patients. AB - A total of 45 courses of 50 g (24 to 33 g/m2) of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) followed by an improved citrovorum rescue (CFR) were administered to 23 patients according to a recently updated procedure. All patients previously had received HDMTX-CFR at lower doses. The HDMTX was administered intravenously (IV) over 6 hours with a priming dose of 8 g followed by 42 g given by continuous infusion. Maintenance of adequate urine output and pH level were achieved with IV fluids, sodium bicarbonate, oral acetazolamite, and a low-acid diet. The CFR was administered by following the equimolar rescue technique and was continued until the serum MTX level was less than 2 X 10(-7) mol/l. The MTX was usually rapidly cleared. The median 48-hour serum MTX level was 7.57 X 10(-6) mol/l (range, 6.8 X 10(-7) mol/l to 7.9 X 10(-5) mol/l). Most patients cleared MTX to below 10(-7) mol/l by the eighth day (range, 5 to 13 days) after MTX infusion. The MTX clearance did not always correlate with the pretreatment creatinine clearance. The toxicity observed included the following: leukocyte count less than or equal to 2000/microliters in 11% of the courses with less than or equal to 1000/microliters in 0%, platelets less than or equal to 10(5)/microliters in 9%, creatinine elevation to greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl in 7%, mild mucositis without ulcerations in 33%, nausea with occasional vomiting in 66%, mild skin rash in 18%, and temporary elevation of liver enzymes in 81% of the courses. All side effects were tolerable and transient, and the patients recovered fully. Patients who cleared MTX rapidly (MTX less than or equal to 2 X 10(-6) mol/l at 48 hours) rarely sustained leukopenia, creatinine elevation, or skin rash. Toxicity was not increased by third space fluids or by delaying CFR to 24 hours instead of 12 hours after MTX. The procedure described allows the safe administration of HDMTX-CFR at the 50-g range to adults with advanced malignant solid tumors. PMID- 3259155 TI - The genomic breakpoint in a patient with Philadelphia-positive acute leukemia is 5' of the breakpoint cluster region. AB - We report a case of acute leukemia in which studies at presentation showed both myeloid and lymphoid cell surface markers. At relapse membrane markers studies were consistent with a leukemia of B-lymphoid lineage. However, immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain genes were both found in a rearranged configuration. The majority of metaphases from the leukemic cells at presentation showed the Philadelphia chromosome, t(9;22)(q34;q11), whereas a minority were normal. At relapse both Ph-positive and -negative metaphases were still present in the bone marrow but some of the Ph-negative metaphases had acquired an additional chromosome #19 [47,XY, + 19]. Southern analysis of DNA from leukemic bone marrow cells at diagnosis showed no rearrangement of breakpoint cluster region (bcr). There was no bcr-abl chimeric mRNA typical of Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the cells expressed an abl-related protein of Mr 190 kd with enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. Leukemic cell metaphases were studied by the technique of in situ hybridization with probes for C-lambda, sis, abl, and 5' bcr. The c-abl probe mapped to chromosome 22q11 in Ph-positive metaphases. The 5' bcr probe mapped to 9q+ in the Ph-positive metaphases and the C-lambda gene mapped to the Ph chromosome. Thus, the genomic breakpoint in this patient must lie upstream of the BCR defined by study of Ph-positive CML and downstream of the C-lambda gene locus. We speculate that the Ph-negative cells in this patient may represent a leukemic proliferation susceptible to acquisition of specific chromosomal changes. PMID- 3259156 TI - Induction in a murine tumor of immunogenic tumor variants by transfection with a foreign gene. AB - Transfection of the undifferentiated murine colon carcinoma line CT-26 with the gene coding for the hemagglutination antigen (HA) of influenza virus resulted in the generation of highly immunogenic tumor cells. CT-26 cells transfected with HA not only failed to grow in syngeneic mice but also protected normal animals against a challenge with otherwise lethal doses of parental nontransfected cells. The immunogenicity of HA-transfected cells appeared to correlate with surface HA expression in that tumorigenic clones of HA-transfected CT-26 cells expressed little HA, while immunogenic clones were high expressers of HA. Irradiation of immunogenic HA clones did not abrogate their immunogenicity. These observations demonstrate that immune recognition of a poorly immunogenic tumor can be produced by immunization with tumor cells expressing a defined, foreign cell surface antigen. PMID- 3259157 TI - Immunoregulatory effects of interleukin 2 and interferon on syngeneic murine malignant glioma-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. AB - The effects of interleukin 2 (IL2) and interferon (IFN) on the generation and lytic activation of syngeneic murine malignant glioma (a methylcholanthrene induced ependymoblastoma of C57BL/6 mouse origin, 203-glioma)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (G-CTL) were investigated. The surface marker analysis showed that G CTLs from both intracranial and s.c. tumor-bearing mice were composed of thymectomy-resistant (mature) Lyt-1-.2.3+ and thymectomy-sensitive (immature) Lyt 1+.2.3+ CTLs, which markedly decreased concurrently with increased intracranial pressure. G-CTLs were confirmed to be activated with target specificity by both factors in a different way. The CTL activation by IL2 (20 units/ml) remained for a longer time, although a lag time of 5 days after initial culture was required. IL2 influenced Lyt-1+.2.3+ CTLs to proliferate and develop the lytic potential. In contrast, even a 3-h incubation with IFN (1000 units/ml) could enhance the cytotoxicity, but the augmenting effects were observed no longer than 5 days later. IFN activated Lyt-1-.2.3+ CTLs and increased their proportion of the total cell population with a simultaneous decrease of Lyt-1+.2.3+ CTLs. Therefore, it was suggested that IL2 may provide a growth of CTL populations and that IFN can accelerate recruitment of new effectors, causing activation of the lytic process. PMID- 3259159 TI - Basal and estrogen-stimulated hormone receptor profiles in four R3327 rat prostatic carcinoma sublines in relation to histopathology and androgen sensitivity. AB - Four sublines (H, HI, G, and AT) of the R3327 (Dunning) rat prostatic carcinoma have different androgen sensitivities and histopathological characteristics. In order to investigate whether these characteristics were associated with differences in the hormone receptor profile and its response to estrogen, we carried out Scatchard analysis on the cytosolic (C) and high-salt nuclear associated (N) androgen (AR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PgR) receptor in each line, carried in control and diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated animals. In the H line (androgen sensitive, well differentiated) DES treatment resulted in significant increases in total cellular AR and ER, in redistribution of both receptors between the C and N fractions, and in a marked increased of PgR (greater than 10-fold). The hormone receptor profile and its response to DES was similar in the HI line (androgen insensitive, well differentiated), except that total cellular ER was not increased after treatment. The G line (androgen sensitive, poorly differentiated) contained higher basal concentrations of AR and PgR than the H line, but the concentrations were not increased by DES treatment, although treatment promoted association of ER with the nuclear fraction. The AT line (androgen insensitive, anaplastic) contained no ER and negligible PgR, but AR was present, although in lower concentrations than in the other lines. Diethylstilbestrol treatment had no effect on the concentration, although redistribution of AR between C and N fractions did occur. Some characteristics of the AR in the AT line differed qualitatively from that in the H line, but injection of testosterone into castrated animals bearing the AT tumor promoted association of AR with the nuclear fraction, indicating normal activation. The data suggest that the ability of DES treatment to increase AR and PgR concentrations is associated with differentiation and/or the presence of stroma and that it is unrelated to androgen sensitivity. PMID- 3259158 TI - Effect of gallium on DNA synthesis by human T-cell lymphoblasts. AB - We have studied the antiproliferative effects of gallium nitrate in cultured CCRF CEM lymphoblasts. The 50% inhibitory dose for these cells was 120 microM, and after 24 h at a cytostatic concentration (480 microM) S-phase arrest was observed by DNA flow cytometry. Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools were all reduced (dATP, dGTP, and dCTP by 50%, dTTP by 25%), suggesting inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. Administration of tracer amounts (0.5 microM) of either [3H]uridine or [3H]deoxyuridine confirmed that DNA synthesis had been inhibited to 20% of control rates by gallium. Further, the flow of the ribonucleoside into the dTTP pool and DNA was selectively reduced compared to that of the deoxyribonucleoside. Gallium decreased the specific activity of dTTP labeled from uridine by 50%, whereas the specific activity of dTTP labeled from deoxyuridine was increased 2.5-fold. Thus counts in DNA derived from [3H]uridine were decreased by more than 80%, while counts in DNA derived from [3H]deoxyuridine were virtually unaltered. Uridine incorporation into RNA was not affected. Gallium did not significantly alter the capacity of permeabilized naive cells to incorporate [3H]dTTP into DNA, while 24-h gallium pretreatment (which increased the percentage of S-phase cells) produced a modest increase in [3H]dTTP incorporation, indicating that any effect of gallium on DNA polymerase alpha is minor. Gallium treatment did not induce or inhibit the repair of DNA single strand breaks. These data demonstrate that gallium inhibits replicative DNA synthesis, with the major specific enzyme target probably being ribonucleotide reductase. PMID- 3259160 TI - [Psychosocial aspects of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3259161 TI - Subclavian-coronary steal through a LIMA-to-LAD bypass graft. AB - Eighteen months after coronary artery bypass grafting with a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft, a 58-year-old woman had a change in the character of her angina to include pain in the left arm, especially with upper extremity work, culminating in an episode of prolonged rest pain. Cardiac catheterization revealed retrograde flow through the LIMA graft to the subclavian artery and stenosis of the left subclavian artery at its origin from the aorta. Restoration of antegrade flow through the LIMA graft to the coronary arteries was achieved by a carotid-subclavian bypass resulting in a resolution of symptoms. The evaluation of recurrent angina after LIMA bypass grafting should exclude the possibility of subclavian artery stenosis as well as disease of the native and graft coronary anatomy. PMID- 3259162 TI - Compartmentalization of MHC class II gene expression in transgenic mice. AB - A set of transgenic mouse lines carrying Ek alpha genes with promoter region deletions was created in an attempt to compartmentalize MHC class II gene expression. Fine immunohistological analyses established that one transgenic line is essentially devoid of E complex in the thymic cortex, another displays almost no E in the thymic medulla or on peripheral macrophages, and two lines display no E on greater than 98% of B cells. We have assayed these mice for immune function: E-dependent tolerance, antigen presentation, T cell priming, and antibody response. Certain of the findings are difficult to reconcile with currently popular hypotheses, e.g., tolerance induction to E molecules in the virtual absence of E complex in the thymic medulla and efficient antibody responses to E restricted antigens when almost all B cells are E-. PMID- 3259163 TI - Two episodes of calcium uptake associated with T-lymphocyte activation. AB - The hypothesis that prolonged mitogenic exposure, such as that required for maximal proliferative stimulation of lymphocytes, induces a similarly prolonged uptake of extracellular calcium was tested on rabbit peripheral T cells by examining the effects of varied lectin dose and duration on calcium accumulation. Concanavalin A stimulation of peripheral T cells was accompanied by two lengthy episodes of calcium accumulation. The first episode was dependent on the presence and concentration of lectin. Sub- and supraoptimal dosages of lectin which are nonmitogenic produced sub- and supraoptimal calcium accumulation profiles suggesting that for optimal cellular stimulation the cellular calcium levels must fall within certain thresholds. The second episode of calcium accumulation occurred at a time when the continued presence of lectin is no longer required for stimulation but the uptake of growth factors is essential. The second episode of calcium uptake was unaffected by lectin dosage and only moderately affected by the duration of lectin exposure. Both episodes of calcium uptake as well as cellular proliferation indices were inhibitable by the calcium channel antagonists verapamil and nifedipine. PMID- 3259164 TI - Studies on the synergy between collagen and adjuvant arthritis in rats. AB - Intravenous administration of subarthritogenic doses of anticollagen IgG and adjuvant-sensitized spleen cells to syngeneic naive rats induces an erosive arthritis in recipients. The onset of the clinical disease in recipients is rapid and the disease is severe when compared to those recipients receiving cells alone. Immunocytochemical analysis of the knee synovium indicates the accumulation in the adipose tissue of Ia+ (ED1+)macrophages, OX-19+ T lymphocytes, and neutrophils. A large proportion of the lining cells of the proliferative synovium are Ia+. The knee synovium is extremely edematous and contains fibrin. If recipient rats are decomplemented, clinical disease is delayed and the number of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells accumulating in the synovium is decreased. Similar results are observed if recipient rats are treated with anti-Ia+ antibody. However, anti-Ia+ treatment does not induce depletion of serum complement. PMID- 3259165 TI - Radiosensitivity of NK lytic activities and NK-mediated hematopoietic colony inhibition: effect of activation with IL-2 and blocking of the T-200 molecule. AB - NK cells are capable of a variety of effector functions including the unprimed lysis of certain tumor cell targets and the nonspecific suppression of hematopoietic colony formation. In this study we have evaluated in parallel the radiosensitivity of lytic and colony inhibitory activity (CIA) by peripheral blood lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes before and after activation by 72-96 hr of culture in medium containing interleukin 2 (IL-2). Our results show that (1) cells exhibiting CIA and lytic activities have almost identical patterns of radioresistance both before and following activation by IL-2; (2) the amount of preculture irradiation which completely blocks IL-2-stimulated cell proliferation only minimally affects CIA and lytic activities; (3) lysis of K562 and inhibition of CFU-GM are more resistant to preculture irradiation than is the killing of NK insensitive targets; (4) both the CIA and the lytic activities of PBL, but not of LGL, can be increased by 500-1000 rad of gamma-irradiation; and (5) NK lytic activity and CIA both before and following activation by IL-2 are primarily mediated by cells bearing the NKH1A antigen. Evidence that suggests NK cells mediate both the lysis of K562 and the inhibition of myeloid cells by a common mechanism came from experiments which showed that a monoclonal antibody to the T-200 molecule (13.3) could block both activities. PMID- 3259167 TI - Distribution of acetylated alpha-tubulin in retina and in vitro-assembled microtubules. AB - We have used the mouse monoclonal antibody 6-11 B-1, specific for acetylated alpha-tubulin, to determine the distribution of acetylated alpha-tubulin in in vitro-assembled microtubules and retinal tissue. Analysis by immunoblots revealed that microtubules assembled from bovine brain extracts contain both acetylated and nonacetylated alpha-tubulin. Immunofluorescence, using 6-11 B-1 and antitubulin B-5-1-2, a monoclonal antibody specific for alpha-tubulin, demonstrated the colocalization of both alpha-tubulin species in neurons of the retina and that acetylated microtubules are relatively abundant in neurons. However, analysis at higher resolution revealed that rod photoreceptors contain spatially distinct microtubule arrays which differ in content of acetylated alpha tubulin and differ in stability. Acetylated microtubules which composed those of the rod outer segment and connecting cilium were resistant to depolymerization in nocodazole or colchicine. In contrast, the nonacetylated microtubules which composed those of the rod-inner segment were depolymerized in nocodazole or colchicine. Therefore, these acetylated microtubules are more resistant to depolymerization than non-acetylated microtubules. PMID- 3259166 TI - Lysis of murine macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens by interleukin 2-activated killer (LAK) cells in vitro. AB - To determine if murine lymphocytes activated by interleukin 2 (IL-2) were cytotoxic against syngeneic elicited peritoneal macrophages (M phi) infected with intracellular pathogens, splenocytes that had been cultured with IL-2 for 5 or 10 days were studied in vitro. These cells, [lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells] showed significantly greater cytotoxicity against M phi infected with Leishmania major or Legionella pneumophila than against uninfected M phi. Preferential cytotoxicity against infected M phi was best shown using effector-to target-cell ratios of 1:1-20:1; when ratios greater than or equal to 40:1 were employed, uninfected M phi were also lysed. The extent to which M phi that had been incubated with L. major were lysed depended upon the proportion of M phi containing intracellular organisms. After infection with L. major, the duration of incubation did not appear to influence the degree of lysis by LAK cells. PMID- 3259168 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of submucous cleft palate: a review of 108 cases. AB - The files of 108 patients with submucous cleft palate were reviewed. Special attention was focused on the findings of videonasoendoscopy, videofluoroscopy, and audiometry. Velopharyngeal insufficiency was found in 53 percent of the cases. Since surgical correction is indicated only in the presence of insufficiency, waiting until speech has developed is recommended before considering treatment. A relationship between coronal pattern of velopharyngeal closure and velopharyngeal insufficiency was found. This relationship appears to be caused by the malformation of the musculus uvulae in the submucous clefts. Conductive hearing loss was significantly associated with velopharyngeal insufficiency. This suggests that a velar muscle malformation, which is frequently responsible for the insufficiency in these patients, may also cause Eustachian tube malfunction, resulting in serous otitis with conductive hearing loss. PMID- 3259169 TI - A study of androgen-resistant subjects indicates that the 6.7 pI/56 kDa protein in genital skin fibroblasts is related to the androgen receptor. AB - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cultured human skin fibroblast lysates reveals a silver-stained "spot" of molecular mass 56 kilodaltons (kDa) and isoelectric point (pI) 6.7, occasionally as part of a doublet with a minor pI 6.5 partner. Its presence in each of 23 genital skin fibroblast strains (6 labium majus, 17 prepuce) and its absence in 30 of 32 control non-genital skin fibroblast strains accords with the 3-fold greater concentration of androgen receptor activity in the former. However, the size and intensity of the spot do not change when cells are preincubated for 48 hours with 3 nM methyltrienolone (MT, a non-metabolizable androgen), and it is pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine to an autoradiographically equal extent, with or without incubation in 3 nM MT for 2 or 16 hours. Furthermore, the protein identified by the spot is found in the labium majus skin fibroblast strains from 2 of 12 unrelated subjects with complete androgen resistance due to negligible androgen-receptor activity, but it is absent from those of 2 others who have the same phenotype despite a normal level of qualitatively abnormal androgen-receptor activity. Hence, it is very unlikely to be an androgen-induced protein, and it cannot be a functional version of the androgen receptor itself. Its absence in 12 of 14 labium majus strains of subjects with complete androgen resistance, regardless of 5 alpha-reductase activities, indicates that it is neither a constitutive cytotypic marker of genital skin fibroblast differentiation nor a reflection of that enzyme. When intact prepuce fibroblasts are covalently labeled by photolysis with 50 nM [3H]MT, the only specific labeling detectable after two-dimensional electrophoresis is in the 6.7 and 6.5 pI doublet of the 56 kDa protein. Considering the sensitivity of silver staining and the incomplete concordance between the androgen-receptor activity of a strain and the size/intensity of its 6.7 pI/56 kDa spot on the gels, we postulate the latter to be a comparatively abundant androgen-binding protein that is causally related to the androgen receptor. The precise nature of this relation remains to be elucidated by use of novel immunologic and/or nucleic acid probes for this protein and for the mature androgen receptor. In any event, the presence or absence of the 6.7 pI/56 kDa protein in genital skin fibroblast lysates is a new marker of genetic heterogeneity within the class of complete androgen resistance. PMID- 3259170 TI - Effects of ketorolac tromethamine on hemostasis in volunteers. AB - Ketorolac tromethamine, an analgesic agent with prostaglandin synthetase- inhibiting activity, is more active than aspirin in vitro in inhibiting collagen- or arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation. In this randomized, double blind study, 26 volunteers received ketorolac, 30 mg intramuscularly four times a day for 5 days, and placebo, two capsules orally four times a day for at the last 2 study days. The effects of this treatment were compared with those of intramuscular placebo and oral aspirin, two 325 mg capsules, given on the same schedule to eight volunteers. Aspirin at a mean serum concentration of 84 micrograms/ml did not affect prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, or bleeding time. Ketorolac produced a modest prolongation of the bleeding time, from 4.9 +/- 1.1 minutes (mean +/- SD) to 7.8 +/- 4.0 minutes (p less than 0.005). Ketorolac did not affect the prothrombin time or partial thromboplastin time but was associated with clinically insignificant change in the platelet count from 303 +/- 57 X 10(3)/m3 to 277 +/- 56 X 10(3)/mm3. PMID- 3259171 TI - Hereditary combined deficiency of clotting factors V and VIII with involvement of von Willebrand factor. AB - A family is described in which two brothers, with a significant haemorrhagic disorder, are affected by combined factor V/VIII deficiency. In one of these patients an abnormal decrease of von Willebrand factor was also observed. Family studies suggest that both of the brothers are homozygous for a recessive gene. Normal laboratory results were found in eight other family members although seven of them had reported a mild bleeding tendency. The results indicate that hereditary combined factor V/VIII deficiency is a heterogeneous disorder and that defects of von Willebrand factor might be involved in the aetiology of the disease in some families. PMID- 3259172 TI - Is there (sex) life after coronary bypass? AB - The heart has been regarded throughout history as the central core of life and emotions, of kindness and generosity, courage and grief. Cardiac disease can be overwhelming for both the patient and for the partner, and fear of death is a common and quite normal response. Sexual activity after convalescence is a valuable incentive for patients to undergo rehabilitation. Self-confidence and satisfaction can be greatly enhanced by affectionate closeness, and prolonged foreplay can be savored at any age. Sex play is relaxing and healthful whereas anxious sexual preoccupation, frustration, and avoidance may actually be greater risk factors than the mild physical effort involved for coitus or coital alternatives. Male and female patients with cardiac disease expressed regret that their primary physician, cardiologist, or surgeon had not broached the subject of sexual function before or after the acute illness. They were interested, but both patients and physicians were probably uncomfortable with explicit sexual dialogue. Some common sense reminders to post-MI and post-CABS patients about sexual function may be given verbally or in written form, together with diet and exercise instructions. These should include: a heavy meal or heavy alcohol intake before coitus should be avoided; early morning can be an ideal time for coitus or sex play; moderate room temperature is best; a comfortable sexual position can be found with experimentation; chest pain or palpitations are signals to use appropriate medications; and coital death is rare in a stable, long-standing sexual relationship.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259173 TI - Endothelial regeneration and endothelium-derived relaxing factor response in canine arteries: acute versus chronic studies. PMID- 3259174 TI - Effects of lidocaine infusion on cats subjected to unilateral labyrinthectomy. PMID- 3259175 TI - Severe depression from TMP-SMX. PMID- 3259176 TI - Crystal structure of the cytokine interleukin-1 beta. AB - The crystal structure of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta has been determined at 3.0 A resolution by the isomorphous replacement method in conjunction with solvent flattening techniques. The model prior to refinement has a crystallographic R-factor of 42.3%. The structure is composed of 12 beta-strands forming a complex network of hydrogen bonds. The core of the structure can best be described as a tetrahedron whose edges are each formed by two antiparallel beta-strands. The interior of this structure is filled with hydrophobic side chains. There is a 3-fold repeat in the folding of the polypeptide chain. Although this folding pattern suggests gene triplication, no strong internal sequence homology between topologically corresponding residues exists. The folding topology of interleukin-1 beta is very similar to that described by McLachlan (1979) J. Mol. Biol., 133, 557-563, for soybean trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 3259178 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus infection of CD4-bearing cells occurs by a pH independent mechanism. AB - The effect of weak bases (NH4Cl and amantadine) and carboxylic ionophores (monensin) on the infection of CD4 (T4) positive human cell lines by HIV-1 is examined. These reagents, which raise the pH of acidic intracellular organelles, fail to inhibit HIV-1 entry and the events leading to viral protein synthesis at concentrations inhibitory for low pH-dependent fusogenic enveloped viruses. The infectivity of VSV (HIV-1) pseudotypes is unaffected by weak bases at concentrations causing 95% plaque reduction of VSV in its own envelope. HIV-1 dependent cell--cell fusion (syncytium formation) occurs in medium maintained at pH 7.4-7.6, and virions are not irreversibly inactivated by incubation in acid medium. Our results show that HIV-1 entry and membrane fusion do not require exposure to low pH. The production of infectious HIV-1 particles, however, is inhibited in cells treated with NH4Cl. PMID- 3259179 TI - Prevention of neonatal hypoglycaemia by oral lipid supplementation in low birth weight infants. AB - The effect of oral lipid supplementation (2.9 g/day containing 67% medium chain triglycerides) on the prevention of neonatal hypoglycaemia was evaluated in 28 low birth weight infants (mean +/- 1 SD for gestational age: 36 +/- 1.2 weeks and birth weight: 1778 +/- 230 g) and compared to a control group of 23 infants with similar gestational age, birth weight and sex. The incidence of hypoglycaemic patients with plasma glucose less than 1.72 mmol/l was 8/23 (35%) in the control group versus 2/28 (7%) in the supplemented group: chi 2 = 6.72; P less than 0.01. Determinations of plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in 11 infants of the supplemented group did not show values higher than 1.2 mmol/l. This prospective study shows that supplementation with lipids can prevent the occurrence of hypoglycaemia in low birth weight infants. PMID- 3259180 TI - Age-associated T-lymphocyte activation through mitogens in patients with multiple sclerosis and blood donors. AB - In 128 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 204 blood donors (control persons) the in vitro activation of 'Ficoll-purified' peripheral blood T lymphocytes was measured using the 3H-thymidine incorporation rate without (spontaneous proliferation) and with mitogen addition (concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin). Mitogen responsiveness in control persons and MS patients decreased with age, reflecting a T-lymphocyte inherent mechanism for the diminution of responsiveness. The MS patients, ranging in age between 20 and 30 years, showed decreased mitogen responsiveness and a tendency to increased spontaneous proliferation compared to the control persons. These results could be an expression of a viral infection. PMID- 3259177 TI - The mechanism of chromosomal translocation t(11;14) involving the T-cell receptor C delta locus on human chromosome 14q11 and a transcribed region of chromosome 11p15. AB - A chromosomal translocation t(11;14) (p15;q11) is described in a human acute T cell leukaemia of immature phenotype (CD3-, CD4-, CD8-). The translocation occurs at a T-cell receptor joining J delta segment, 12 kb upstream of the constant C delta gene and 98 kb upstream of the C alpha gene at chromosome band 14q11. Nucleotide sequencing shows that both J delta and C delta are very conserved between mouse and man. The region of chromosome 11 involved in the translocation is transcriptionally active and produces a 4-kb mRNA. The DNA sequence at the chromosome 11 junction shows a perfect match to a recombinase signal sequence implying that this translocation occurred by recombinase error. The occurrence of the translocation breakpoint at the C delta locus, normally rearranged in immature T cells, and the structure of the translocation junctions suggests that the translocation occurred during an attempt at normal rearrangement of the J delta segment in an early thymocyte. PMID- 3259181 TI - Pharmacokinetics of streptomycin in Ethiopian children with tuberculosis and of different nutritional status. AB - Fifty-six malnourished Ethiopian children with tuberculosis classified in four nutritional groups (normal, underweight, marasmus and kwashiorkor), were given streptomycin 20 or 30 mg.kg-1 i.m. The plasma concentration-time data revealed an increased apparent volume of distribution in children with kwashiorkor compared to normals. The total plasma clearance was low and did not differ between the nutritional groups. Thus, the half-life was prolonged only in kwashiorkor. The results could be explained by decreased protein binding in plasma and decreased renal clearance by glomerular filtration. PMID- 3259182 TI - Characterization and functional properties of a novel monoclonal antibody which identifies a T cell receptor in chickens. AB - A monoclonal antibody, mAb6, was produced that specifically bound to chicken T lymphocytes. Immunofluorescence analysis using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter revealed that the antibody reacted with approximately 50% of blood lymphocytes and with approximately 40% of splenocytes and thymocytes. It did not react with bursal cells and erythrocytes. Among different types of hemopoietic cell lines, only a T cell line was reactive with mAb6. When coupled to Sepharose 4B beads, mAb6 was found to be highly mitogenic for chicken T cells. In soluble form, mAb6 inhibited concanavalin A-induced T cell proliferation and the cytotoxic activity of allosensitized T cells, the inhibition occurring in a dose dependent manner for both assays. Thus, the tissue distribution and the effects of this antibody on T cell responses suggest that mAb6 recognizes a T cell receptor present on a large proportion of chicken T cells. PMID- 3259183 TI - Differential expression of two T cell receptors, TcR1 and TcR2, on chicken lymphocytes. AB - A monoclonal antibody, TcR2, has been shown to recognize an avian homologue of the mammalian alpha/beta T cell receptor (TcR). The TcR2-reactive molecule was found to be a T3-associated heterodimer with relative molecular mass of 90-kDa consisting of disulfide-linked 50-kDa and 40-kDa polypeptides. The sizes of the deglycosylated TcR2 polypeptides differed from those of TcR1, an avian homologue of the mammalian gamma/delta T cell receptor. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that TcR1 and TcR2 are expressed on separate populations of T cells during their development first in the thymus and then in the periphery. Ontogenetic studies revealed that the TcR1+ thymocytes are generated first and the generation of TcR2+ cells begins approximately 3 days later. While most TcR2+ cells in the thymus expressed both CT4 and CT8, TcR2+ cells in blood and the spleen were either CT4+ or CT8+. The TcR1+ cells in blood and thymus were CT4-CT8 , but the majority of TcR1+ cells in the spleen surprisingly expressed the CT8 marker. The data suggest that TcR1 and TcR2 cells are generated in the thymus as separate T cell sublineages. PMID- 3259184 TI - Class-specific suppression of human B cell maturation by IgA-binding factors. AB - IgA-binding factors (IgA-BFs) were prepared by chromatography on Sepharose 4B beads covalently linked to dimeric and polymeric monoclonal IgA1 from supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBMC) and human B cell lines incubated in serum-free medium. Receptors for IgA, as revealed by the binding of biotinylated monoclonal IgA1, were expressed on monocytes, T-enriched and T-depleted lymphocytes. IgA-BFs or control eluates were added to pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated PBMC cultures, and their effects on the terminal differentiation of polyclonally activated human B cells were assessed by enumeration of intracytoplasmic IgM-, IgG- or IgA-containing cells. A selective decrease of IgA-containing cells was observed in the presence of IgA-BFs whereas IgM- and IgG-containing cells remained unchanged. Differential counts of B blasts and plasma cells revealed that only the former were decreased following addition of IgA-BFs. Kinetic studies indicated that maximum inhibition of IgA-containing cell generation was achieved when IgA-BFs were added during the first 5 days of PWM-stimulated PBMC cultures, whereas no inhibition could be demonstrated when IgA-BFs were added 24 h before harvesting. IgA-BFs did not decrease [3H]thymidine incorporation in PWM-stimulated PBMC cultures. They diminished the proliferation of the surface IgA+ monoclonal human B cell line DAKIKI, but not that of the surface IgA- IM-9 cell line. Several control eluates obtained from the same cell supernatants absorbed on Sepharose 4B, Sepharose 4B-IgG or Sepharose 4B-beta 2 microglobulin had no effect. Finally, IgA-BFs prepared from supernatants of two human B cell lines bearing receptors for IgA selectively depressed the generation of intracytoplasmic IgA+ cells in PBMC cultures stimulated by PWM. Altogether the data indicate that IgA-BFs obtained by spontaneous release from heterogeneous mononuclear cell suspensions or from IgA receptor-positive human monoclonal B cell lines selectively depress the maturation of B cells into IgA plasma cells and the proliferation of a surface IgA+ B cell line. PMID- 3259185 TI - The effect of immunization with a 14-kDa streptococcal antigen on primate T cell and B cell responses. AB - A streptococcal antigen (SA) of 185 kDa was isolated from Streptococcus mutans and this antigen induced in vitro helper, suppressor and contrasuppressor activities with primate peripheral blood lymphocytes. The 185-kDa SA was then treated by sodium dodecyl sulfate and yielded a 4-kDa SA which was capable of eliciting only helper activity. We have now cleaved the 185-kDa SA with cyanogen bromide, in an attempt to identify suppressor and contrasuppressor determinants. A 14-kDa SA was separated from the cyanogen bromide digest and its ability to elicit T cell and B cell functional activities was tested in rhesus monkeys. Whereas the 185-kDa SA (and 4-kDa SA) elicited high serum anti-SA antibodies and the CD4 cells showed an increase in DNA synthesis, this was not demonstrable with the 14-kDa SA. However, the 14-kDa SA, unlike the 185-kDa SA, activated a significant proportion of CD4 and CD8 cells to bind the Vicia villosa lectin (VV) and this is a characteristic feature of contrasuppressor cells. We then studied the effect of sequential immunization of monkeys with the 14-kDa SA, followed by the 185-kDa SA. The results of this showed suppression of the CD4 proliferative response, in the presence of a normal antibody production. We suggest that the split tolerance between the T cell proliferative and B cell differentiating functions might be interpreted on the basis of suppressor CD8 cells inhibiting the CD4 proliferative phase and the VV-adherent CD8 cells contrasuppressing B cell antibody formation. PMID- 3259186 TI - Biochemical characterization and biological effects of partially purified B cell activating factor (BCAF). AB - B cell-activating factor (BCAF) has been characterized and partially purified from the supernatant of the murine tumor T cell line 373. BCAF has an apparent molecular mass of 15 to 20 kDa when analyzed by Superose 12 fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) gel filtration and a pI of 4.5 to 5.0 when analyzed by FPLC chromatofocusing. Concentrated supernatant was applied to a nickel chelating column and unadsorbed active material was further purified by two sequential C4 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography steps. This purification procedure allowed a complete separation of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 activities from BCAF. This partially purified BCAF induces Ia expression, cell size increase and proliferation of small resting B cells. Furthermore, we have shown that the activity of partially purified BCAF is insensitive to treatment by monoclonal antibodies specific for interleukin 4 and interleukin 5. PMID- 3259187 TI - Heterohybridomas secreting human monoclonal antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Seven human monoclonal antibodies (HmAb) directed against outer membrane antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) were produced by fusing Sp2/HPT heteromyeloma cells with human tonsillar lymphocytes sensitized in vitro for 6 days. The heterohybridomas were maintained in culture for at least one year and secreted, when cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium without fetal calf serum, between 1 and 15 micrograms/10(6) cells/ml/24 h. All of the HmAb were IgGs except HiH-12 which is an IgM. Antibodies directed against the lipopolysaccharide and proteins of apparent molecular masses of 43, 37 and 27 kDa were identified by immunoblotting of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of outer membrane. Binding radioimmunoassay with live bacteria showed that five out of seven HmAb adsorbed to cell surface-exposed antigenic determinants. HmAb HiH-6, HiH-7 and HiH-10 reacted with a surface-accessible determinant on the 43-kDa outer membrane protein. In a dot enzyme immunoassay, these HmAb recognized 103 out of 111 Hib strains isolated worldwide. The strains were selected to represent the most common genotypic variations among Hib. None of these HmAb reacted with other bacterial species tested. These HmAb may serve to study the bacterial surface antigens implicated in the human humoral response and protection to Hib infections. PMID- 3259188 TI - Expression of receptors for IgA on mitogen-stimulated human T lymphocytes. AB - This study demonstrates that activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by the T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) induces the expression of receptors for IgA without addition of IgA to the culture medium. Cells bearing receptors for IgA were determined by indirect immunofluorescence using human secretory IgA and fluoresceinated goat anti-human IgA or goat anti-secretory component antibodies. Among freshly isolated PBMC, 4.7 +/- 1.7% of T cells, 12.7 +/- 12.5% of B cells and 14.4 +/- 7.6% of monocytes were found to be IgA receptor positive. In unstimulated PBMC cultures the percentage of IgA receptor-positive cells slightly increased at 48 h and was more elevated after 7 days. In Con A-stimulated cultures 24.3 +/- 18.5% of the cells expressed receptors for IgA after 48 h. Then, the number decreased and rose again thereafter. PHA stimulation induced an increase of smaller magnitude with similar kinetics. Induction of receptor for IgA on activated T cells was demonstrated by double-labelling experiments showing more CD8+ than CD4+ cells with receptors for IgA among Con A-activated PBMC. Furthermore, PHA or Con A stimulation of B cell depleted PBMC suspensions resulted in a marked increase of cells bearing receptors for IgA. Expression of these receptors was down-regulated by recombinant interferon-gamma (250 units/ml) and by prostaglandin PGE2 (100 nM) both on unstimulated and mitogen-activated PBMC. The receptor for IgA was distinct from the asialoglycoprotein receptor and did not cross-react with the poly-Ig receptor of epithelial cells. It was concluded that, in the absence of inducing exogenous IgA, T cell mitogens trigger the expression of receptors for IgA. Therefore, T cell activation is associated with the down-regulation of receptors for IgM and the increased expression of receptors for IgG, IgA and IgE. PMID- 3259189 TI - Selective stimulation of human T lymphocyte subsets by heteroconjugates of antibodies to the T cell receptor and to subset-specific differentiation antigens. AB - Ligand binding under conditions that generate microaggregates of the T cell receptor complex (Ti/CD3) with the membrane molecules CD4 or CD8 can induce activation of small resting T lymphocytes. We demonstrate this by using soluble dimeric heteroconjugates consisting of monoclonal antibodies to CD4/CD8 and of a novel anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (BMA030) which even in aggregated form is not stimulatory on its own under limiting conditions in the absence of accessory cells. Using combinations of BMA030 with either anti-CD4 or anti-CD8, the corresponding T cell subpopulation could be selectively expanded in vitro. Selective expansion of T cell subpopulations in vitro or in vivo might be helpful for certain therapeutical manipulations. In addition, this finding may contribute to a better understanding of major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cell activation. PMID- 3259190 TI - Use of splenic volume estimation to distinguish primary thrombocythaemia from reactive thrombocytosis. AB - Splenic volume was measured by visual assessment of planar images of the spleen, and also by single photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) using 99mtechnetium tin colloid, in a group of 33 patients with primary thrombocythaemia (PT) or reactive thrombocytosis. Volumes greater than 337 cm3 correlated strongly though not absolutely with PT, all patients with volumes greater than this figure being in the PT group. Simple visual assessment of planar images by an experienced observer matched measured splenic volumes very closely. PMID- 3259191 TI - Methylprednisolone therapy in aplastic anaemia: correlation of in vitro tests and lymphocyte subsets with clinical response. AB - 20 patients with aplastic anaemia were treated with methylprednisolone 1 g/d for 3 d followed by prednisolone 60 mg on alternate days. At 3 months after therapy, 7 of 20 patients (35%) showed recovery, 2 had died and 11 were non-responders. Only newly diagnosed patients were responders. Results of in vitro tests were correlated with clinical response. The first test was designed to determine whether removing various subpopulation of cells would increase the numbers of progenitor cells. In the second test blood cells were collected at 1 month after starting treatment and assayed for progenitor cells. Data from both tests did not correlate with the response to therapy. Lymphocyte subsets were measured in the blood before and at 1 month after treatment. The absolute numbers of OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells were significantly decreased compared to the normal population. The number of HNK1+ cells was also decreased but no significant difference was observed. Responders had a higher number of HNK1+ cells compared to non responders. No significant differences of OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells among responders and non-responders were observed. Therefore a high number of HNK1+ cells prior to therapy may identify patients responding to the treatment. PMID- 3259192 TI - Resistance of some leukemic blasts to lysis by lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors and AML patients in remission were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2). These stimulated cells (lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells) showed increased DNA synthesis as measured by 3H-Thymidine uptake. A synergistic effect of PHA and IL-2 was found. LAK cells' ability to kill acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts was investigated by the 51Cr release assay. LAK cells showed a cytotoxicity (over 10% specific 51Cr release) against 9/12 leukemic blasts, even at effector/target (E/T) ratios as low as 5:1. However, on average only 22.2% (SD 11.8) and 36.5% (SD 12.5) 51Cr release were obtained in 4- and 18-hour cytotoxicity assays, respectively, at an E/T ratio of 20:1. Leukemic blasts in 3/12 AML cases and normal PBMC were entirely resistant to lysis, even at an E/T ratio of 80:1. Susceptibility to lysis was not correlated to peanut agglutinin receptor expression. LAK cells were more cytotoxic towards the K-562 cell line (natural killer activity) than unstimulated PBMC. PMID- 3259193 TI - Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 activate phospholipase in rat chondrocytes. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are both cytokines of macrophage origin with similar activity on several cell types. We investigated whether TNF can, analogously to IL-1, stimulate phospholipase activity of chondrocytes. Addition of each of these cytokines to cells, isolated from the xiphisternum of adult rats, resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in phospholipase activity in both secreted and membrane-associated form. Moreover, TNF and IL-1 both induce a transformation of chondrocyte morphology. In conclusion, TNF stimulates chondrocyte phospholipase activity and extends the long list of actions shared by IL-1 and TNF in a diversity of cellular systems. PMID- 3259194 TI - [Hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension at the level of a colostomy. Efficacy of propranolol?]. PMID- 3259196 TI - [Mortality of malignant neoplasms of the uterus. An epidemiologic study]. AB - In the Federal Republic in 1952 5204 cases of death by cancer of the uterus were officially reported, i.e. 20.2 per 100,000. Up to 1985, after an increase to 1967, the figures constantly have decreased to 4706 and 14.8 respectively. Of all cancer deaths in 1952 11.1 percent were that of the uterus, in 1985 only 5.8 percent. The evaluation is hampered by the existence of different statistical groups, particularly by that for cases with unspecified site. In 1985 this groups still comprised 33.7 percent of all registered cases of death by uterine cancer. But irrespectively of this special problem mortality of cancer of the cervix as well as of the corpus uteri has declined, starting already before 1971, the year in which the official cancer screening programme became effective. And for cancer of the corpus uteri the impact of screening is negligible thus the decline cannot be alone the result of screening. The decline in mortality was most impressive in younger women up to 49 years, not in the older age groups and the maximum was observed now above 90 years. Thus participation in the screening programme by elder women should be intensified. Even allowance for hysterectomies cannot influence seriously the favourable trend for mortality of cancer of the uterus, but the rank order for all female malignancies is still no. 6, after breast, colon, stomach, all unspecified sites, ovar. If there is no cancer registry with exact figures for incidence this can be estimated being about three times higher than mortality. PMID- 3259195 TI - Endoscopic esophageal varix ligation: preliminary clinical experience. AB - Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) was performed in 14 consecutive patients who had recently bled from esophageal varices. None was actively bleeding at initial treatment. Ligations were accomplished using an endoscopic ligating device and an overtube. There were no procedural complications. 132 varix ligations were performed during 44 separate EVL sessions. Two patients were lost to follow-up and two died; neither death resulted from hemorrhage or treatment complications. Variceal rebleeding occurred in 2 noncompliant patients (14.3%) and was successfully controlled with emergent EVL. Ten patients achieved complete variceal eradication with from 1 to 6 (mean, 3.9) EVL sessions. No major complications (perforation, secondary bleeding, deep ulceration) resulted and there were no treatment failures. Follow-up of 10 surviving patients ranged from 240 to 370 (mean, 280) days. Endoscopic observation suggested that varices were obliterated by a process of mechanical strangulation, ischemia, superficial ulceration, and scar formation. Preliminary data indicate that EVL is a safe and effective treatment for esophageal varices. PMID- 3259197 TI - Sexual differences of steroidogenic enzymes in embryonic gonads of the chicken (Gallus domesticus). AB - The left ovary and testis of 15-day-old embryos of the chicken were compared in the enzyme activities related to steroidogenesis. The activity of delta 5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase coupled with delta 5-delta 4 isomerase in the ovary was similar to that of the testis. Activities of 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C-17-C 20 lyase in the ovary were 2.5 and 2.6 times those in the testis. From the CO induced difference spectrum, the content of cytochrome P-450 in the ovarian microsomes was estimated as 27.6 pmol/mg protein. However, no detectable amount of cytochrome P-450 was observed in the testicular microsomal fraction. The substrate (progesterone)-induced difference spectrum was appreciable only in the ovarian microsomes. The activity of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in the ovary was significantly higher than that in the testis. The activities of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in both gonads were similar to each other, when androstenedione was used as substrate. However, its activity in the ovary was 1.4 and 3.1 times that in the testis, when dehydroepiandrosterone and estrone were used as substrate, respectively. Aromatase activity in the ovary was over 100 times that in the testis, as assessed by release of [3H]water from [1 3H]testosterone. Appreciable amounts of radioactive estradiol-17 beta and estrone were formed from [4-14C]testosterone and [7-3H]androstenedione, respectively, only by the ovarian tissue. 5 beta-Reductase activity in the ovary was 1.4 times that in the testis. PMID- 3259198 TI - A bacteriophage T4 expression cassette that functions efficiently in a wide range of gram-negative bacteria. AB - We have constructed a derivative of the broad-host-range vector RSF1010. This plasmid, p alpha omega, contains an expression cassette derived from bacteriophage T4 gene 32, into which we have inserted the coding sequence for the xylE enzyme (C2,3O) of the TOL plasmid pWWO. The composite plasmid, p alpha xylE omega, was transferred by conjugal mobilisation into a variety of Gram-negative bacteria (Agrobacter, Paracoccus, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Xanthomonas). High levels of C2,3O activity were found in almost all of the extracts. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these extracts revealed a prominent protein band at 35 kDa whose identity as the C2,3O gene product was confirmed by immunoblotting. We have mapped the 5' ends of the gene 32/xylE hybrid transcripts. In all of the Gram-negative bacteria, the proximal P2 promoter is the most efficient promoter in the cassette. In most of the strains a weaker and more distal promoter activity (Pl) was also detected. In both uninfected and phage-infected Escherichia coli cells, the transcript produced from this promoter is processed at a specific site upstream from the gene 32 start codon. The same processing occurred in all the bacterial species examined. The decay of the hybrid xylE transcript has been analyzed in E. coli and Erwinia, and in both strains this mRNA was among the most stable. PMID- 3259199 TI - Establishment and characterization of a human ovarian anaplastic carcinoma cell line. AB - Ovarian carcinoma cell line HTBOA was established from a human ovarian anaplastic carcinoma. It has been proliferating stably since the beginning of culture 3 years ago after 91 passages. The cells were spindle like, oval, and polygonal in shape, and the nuclear chromatin was coarse in grain with many nucleoli, showing neoplasticity and pleomorphism. The cells proliferated rapidly, and the population doubling time was 24-28 hr. The chromosomes showed a wide distribution of aneuploidy, the mode was in the hypotriploid range, and many marker chromosomes were observed. Heterotransplantation was easy, and subcutaneous transplantation of 1 X 10(5) cells in nude mice forms a tumor that is histologically similar to the original anaplastic carcinoma. The most noteworthy characteristic of the cell line was that it caused granulocytosis in nude mice with carcinomas, and formed the colonies of granulocytes in an in vitro culture system. The cell line was considered to be producing a granulocyte colony stimulating factor. PMID- 3259200 TI - IL-4 and IL-5: biology and genetics. PMID- 3259201 TI - Identification of isotypes and allotypes of bovine immunoglobulin M with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Epitopes specific for IgM on peripheral blood lymphocytes from 47 cattle were examined with three class-specific monoclonal antibodies, IL-A30, IL-A50 and B5/4. In all 47 animals tested, mAb IL-A30 detected a similar percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes as a mAb that recognizes all immunoglobulin classes. However, in some animals mAbs IL-A50 and B5/4 detected a lower percentage of B cells compared with IL-A30 or the mAb against total Ig. They both reacted with a proportion of the serum IgM from these animals, while IL-A30 reacted with all serum IgM. Therefore, it is probable that mAb-A30 recognizes an IgM isotypic determinant and mAbs IL-A50 and B5/4 recognize different IgM allotypic determinants. Using mAb IL-A30 it was found that the percentage of peripheral blood IgM+ lymphocytes varied widely between healthy cattle (4-31%) but remained constant, with only minor variations, within individual animals. PMID- 3259202 TI - Recognition of several idiotopes on a monoclonal anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen using monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - A monoclonal murine antibody H3F5 directed to the a determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was used to raise several monoclonal anti-idiotypes. Cross-blocking experiments between the anti-idiotypes and the patterns of inhibition produced by a number of other monoclonal anti-HBsAg, generated in the same fusion as H3F5, identified three idiotopes on H3F5 which were shared to varying degrees with the other anti-HBsAg monoclonals. One behaved as a dominant cross-reacting idiotope (CRI) in that it appeared strongly in 5/7 monoclonal idiotypes. The CRI could represent an important target for regulation by anti idiotope. Monoclonal antibodies have many advantages over polyclonal sera in the detailed analysis of idiotope structures. PMID- 3259203 TI - Molecules mediating adhesion of T and B cells, monocytes and granulocytes to vascular endothelial cells. AB - Leucocytes interact with vascular endothelial cells (EC), and adhesion between these two cell types in vitro is modulated by phorbol ester. Monocytes were found to display the highest basal adhesion to EC, followed by Epstein-Barr virus immortalized normal B cells (EBV-B), T cells and granulocytes. Phorbol ester treatment increased the adhesion of all types of leucocytes, except monocytes. In the presence of this compound, monoclonal antibody 60.3 to GP90 (CD18, a leucocyte-adhesion protein which is non-covalently associated to either GP160, GP155, or GP130) was found to inhibit the adhesion of the four types of leucocytes to a considerable extent, while anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) antibody to GP160 (CD11a) inhibited the adhesion of T and B cells only. Antibody 60.1 to GP155 (CD11b) had a major inhibitory activity exclusively on granulocytes, while antibody LB-2, which recognizes a distinct adhesion molecule (GP84) and, in contrast to the previous antibodies, reacts with EC, mainly inhibited adhesion of EBV-B and did not increase the inhibition obtained with antibody 60.3 alone. Fab fragments of antibody 60.3 inhibited leucocyte adhesion more efficiently, in either the absence or presence of phorbol ester, than the intact antibody molecule. It is concluded the GP90, either alone or associated to the larger glycoproteins, mediates the adhesion in all types of leucocytes, while GP84 mediates the adhesion of the activated B cells. PMID- 3259204 TI - The effects of anti-CD3 antibodies on the development of T-cell receptor alpha beta + lymphocytes in embryonic thymus organ cultures. AB - Cells expressing the gamma delta T-cell receptor in association with CD3 molecules appear in the embryonic thymus before alpha beta CD3+ cells. We have added anti-CD3 antibodies to organ cultures of mouse thymus removed from embryos before any CD3+ cells have appeared, with the aim of blocking the function of the latter as they are generated in the cultures. Our results show that these antibodies affect the maturation of precursors of alpha beta + cells so that D-J but not V-D-J beta-chain arrangements predominate. In contrast, full length alpha gene transcripts are produced. These results are compatible with the view that the early population of gamma delta CD3+ cells plays a role in the maturation of the alpha beta + population. PMID- 3259205 TI - Protective immunity to Listeria monocytogenes in neonatally thymectomized (NTx) mice: involvement of T cells distinct from those in sham-thymectomized mice. AB - Neonatally thymectomized (NTx) mice, whose ability to mount antigen-specific cell mediated immunity is reported to be generally defective, were found to be capable of mounting a normal level of acquired cellular resistance (ACR) and delayed footpad reaction (DFR) to Listeria monocytogenes. The present study was done in order to determine the functional differences of T cells contributing to the protection against L. monocytogenes between NTx and sham-operated mice. In mice immunized with viable L. monocytogenes, the absolute number of splenic T cells was significantly lower in NTx mice compared with sham-operated mice. When the ability of immune T cells to transfer ACR and DFR was examined by passive transfer, lymphocytes from immune NTx mice conferred a higher level of ACR and DFR on naive recipient mice, despite the marked difference in total number of T cells compared with immune Sham mice. Antigen-specific proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by splenic T cells from immune NTx mice were significantly lower than in those from immune Sham mice. The proliferative response of T cells to exogenous IL-2 was also lower in NTx group. These results suggest that the requirement for the IL-2-driven T-cell proliferation system is basically low in the generation of effector T cells specific for L. monocytogenes. PMID- 3259206 TI - Subpopulations of lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of the mouse. AB - Lymphoid and non-lymphoid subpopulations were investigated in the lung of the mouse with immunocyto-, immunohisto- and enzyme-histochemical methods. Special attention was paid to the cell populations in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), which is positioned between a bronchus and an artery. In BALT, discrete T and B-cell areas can be found. The majority of the T cells belong to the L3T4+ (T-helper) subpopulation. In the T-cell area interdigitating cells can be recognized by anti-class II antibodies as well as by specific monoclonal antibodies, NLDC-145 and MIDC-8. Macrophage subpopulations can be discriminated by location, enzyme reactivity and various macrophage-specific monoclonal antibody markers. On the outer rim of BALT macrophages are recognized by the MOMA 1 and ERTR9 antibody. Macrophages dispersed in BALT can only be discriminated with the MOMA-2 antibody. The macrophage markers F4/80 and Mac-1 show no reactivity in BALT. In lung, tissue macrophages around bronchi and blood vessels are predominantly recognized by the MOMA-1 and MOMA-2 antibody, and a minor population by the ERTR9 antibody. Alveolar macrophages show heterogeneity with the MOMA-1, MOMA-2 and NLDC-145 antibody. The relationship between alveolar macrophages and antigen-presenting cells is discussed here. PMID- 3259207 TI - Acute starvation in mice reduces the number of T cells and suppresses the development of T-cell-mediated immunity. AB - Experiments were performed to determine the effect of starvation on T-cell mediated host defences. In mice starved for 72 hr, the number of thymocytes fell by 98%, spleen cells by 82% and peripheral blood cells by 44%. By 7 days after the end of starvation, values had returned to within 50% of baseline. The percentage of L3T4 and Lyt-2 antigen-bearing cells fell in the thymus, but the percentage of Thy-1.2-positive cells did not change. Starvation decreased the percentage of lymphocytes in peripheral blood but increased the percentage of granulocytes. During starvation, the cellularity in thymuses, spleens and peripheral blood was preserved in adrenalectomized mice compared to normal or sham-adrenalectomized mice. Confirming previous results of ours, starved mice were resistant to i.v. challenge with Listeria monocytogenes immediately after starvation. However, when starved mice were immunized with a sublethal dose of Listeria immediately after starvation and challenged 3-4 weeks later, they were less resistant to Listeria than fed, immunized mice. Similarly, spleen cells of starved, immunized mice had a reduced capacity to transfer immunity passively to non-immune mice. Increasing the immunizing dose of Listeria in starved mice increased the level of immunity that developed. These data indicate that starved mice have a marked reduction in T-cell cellularity, possibly related to corticosteroid production during the stress of starvation. Although starved mice were relatively resistant to Listeria immediately after starvation, they had a reduced capacity to develop T-cell mediated immunity to Listeria. This deficiency could be partly overcome by increasing the immunizing dose of Listeria. PMID- 3259209 TI - In vivo activation of lymphocytes in melanoma patients receiving escalating doses of recombinant interleukin 2. AB - A phase-I study of the recombinant, non-mutagenized interleukin 2 (rIL2, BioleukinTM) was performed in 12 melanoma patients (Pts). From 100 to 800 micrograms/m2 of rIL2 were administered by i.v. bolus injection, TID for 4-8 days. Side-effects included fever, malaise, low serum K+ and Ca++ values, electrocardiographic abnormalities, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. No major organ toxicity and no significant fluid retention were observed at the administered doses. Treatment induced a rapid depletion of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with a rebound (2-6 times the pre-treatment values), 24-48 hr after rIL2 discontinuation. PBL obtained between the 5th treatment day and the 2nd post-treatment day showed: (a) enhanced proliferation (II/12 Pts) with stimulation indexes of 6-52; (b) increased cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells (2/2 Pts), allogeneic melanomas (5/7 Pts), the Daudi (5/6 Pts) and K562 cell lines (7/12 Pts); and (c) increased expression of IL2 receptors (8/12 Pts) and of DR antigens (6/12 Pts). Lymphocytes collected 1-2 days after treatment and activated in vitro with rIL2 showed a more rapid development of tumor cytotoxicity, with an earlier loss of activity. Spontaneous proliferation, autologous or allogeneic tumor cytotoxicity and expression of IL2 receptors obtained after in vivo treatment with rIL2 were significantly weaker than those induced during in vitro stimulation. No major objective responses were detected in these patients. PMID- 3259208 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cells lyse human renal cancer cell lines and cultured normal kidney cells. AB - In this study, we investigated whether or not lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can damage renal tissue and therefore whether they may contribute to graft destruction during kidney allograft rejection. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were activated with a lymphokine preparation and the resulting LAK cells were tested against kidney cells from various sources. Renal cancer cells as well as cultured normal kidney cells were efficiently lysed by LAK cells, as assessed with Cr-labelled target cells, showing that both cell types are sensitive to LAK cell-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 3259211 TI - Distribution of digitonin-sterol complexes in Pneumocystis carinii revealed by freeze-fracture method. PMID- 3259210 TI - Syngeneic in vivo passage of the murine BW 5147 lymphoma results in the expression of a stable metastatic phenotype. AB - BW 5147 lymphoma cells are non-invasive tumor cells which do not generate experimental metastases following i.v. inoculation. In contrast, s.c. and intra splenic (i.s.) growth of BW cells resulted in widespread colonization of liver and spleen. Cells derived from either s.c. tumors or metastatic lesions did generate metastases after i.v. administration. The capacity of these tumor derived BW cells to disseminate via blood-borne cells was irreversible and stable, indicating that one in vivo passage of BW cells results in the generation of new, metastatic BW variants. Concomitantly, these variants exhibited an inherent invasive potential as manifested by their capacity to infiltrate in vitro monolayers of hepatocytes and fibroblasts. The BW variants expressed new membrane markers such as H-2 antigens, the Lyt 1.2 T-cell differentiation antigen and the MTH antigen (a newly defined membrane antigen expressed predominantly on murine metastatic T-cell lymphomas and mature T lymphocytes). This phenomenon was observed with both cloned and uncloned BW populations, suggesting that an inductive rather than a selective mechanism accounts for the transition of BW cells towards a more malignant phenotype. These observations confirm the concept that local factors at the growth site of a tumor might influence the metastatic behavior of that tumor, possibly via induction of silent differentiation programs. PMID- 3259212 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of a nonadecapeptide coded for by the v-myb oncogene. AB - A nonadecapeptide comprising a predicted B-cell determinant from the v-myb oncoprotein was synthesized by Merrifield's solid-phase method. Hydrogen chloride in dichloromethane was used for protective t-butyloxycarbonyl group removal; the deprotection was monitored using a new qualitative deprotection test. The nonadecapeptide coupled to a carrier elicited a high titre of protein-reactive antipeptide antibodies. PMID- 3259213 TI - Use of immunotoxin to inhibit proliferating human corneal endothelium. AB - Transferrin plays a central role in cellular proliferation and proliferating cells have been shown to express transferrin receptors with increased density. We examined the effect of an immunotoxin consisting of anti-transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody (454A12) conjugated to recombinant ricin A chain (rRTA) on the proliferation of human corneal endothelium (HCE) in vitro. In proliferating cultures an immunotoxin (454A12-rRTA) concentration of 50 ng/mL reduced cell counts at day 7 by at least 89%, with no effect observed at 0.01 ng/ml. In contrast, cell counts were only minimally reduced in confluent cultures, even after 7 days' exposure to high concentrations of immunotoxin. These data suggest that 454A12-rRTA may be used to prevent growth of human corneal endothelium in pathological conditions such as the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome. PMID- 3259214 TI - Effects of two methods of preoxygenation on mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, peak airway pressure, and postsuctioning hypoxemia. AB - Our purpose was to determine which method of preoxygenation (ventilator versus manual resuscitation bag [MRB]) produced minimal changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and peak airway pressure and prevented postsuctioning hypoxemia in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Three lung inflation breaths at F10(2) 1.0 were delivered at 12 and 14 cc/kg of lean body weight via ventilator or MRB, followed by 10 seconds of continuous endotracheal suctioning. This sequence was repeated three times. The MRB produced a greater (12 mm Hg) increase in MAP than the ventilator (9 mm Hg), which was not statistically significant (p less than 0.09). MRB caused a larger increase to CO than the ventilator, but this was not statistically significant (p less than 0.10). The MRB generated significantly (p less than 0.000) higher mean airway pressures (45 mm Hg) than the ventilator (23 mm Hg); the larger the volume the higher the pressure. Both methods effectively prevented postsuctioning hypoxemia; the larger the volume the higher the PaO2. PMID- 3259215 TI - Tumor uptake studies of S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-11C]methionine and L-[methyl 11C]methionine. AB - Tumor accumulation of S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-11C]methionine ([11C]SAM) was investigated in mice bearing mammary carcinoma (FM3A) and in rats bearing ascitic hepatoma (AH109A). After injection of [11C]SAM the blood clearance of 11C radioactivity was rapid. The 11C level was relatively high in both tumors. The uptake ratios of tumor to organ increased with time in several organs, especially in brain and muscle. In FM3A tumor tissue the 11C was incorporated with time into the acid-precipitable fraction and 38% of the 11C was detected in this fraction at 60 min after injection. This fraction reflects the amount of 11C-methyl group transferred into macromolecules in tumor tissue. In AH109A-bearing rats the metabolisms of [11C]SAM and L-[methyl-11C]methionine ([11C]Met), in vivo precursor of SAM, were compared. Tumor uptake of [11C]SAM was about two thirds of that of [11C]Met at 20 min after injection. At this time, for the [11C]SAM 27 and 8% of the 11C in the AH109A tissue were detected in the acid-precipitable and the lipid fractions, respectively. The corresponding figures for [11C]Met were 61% and 2%. In the liver considerable amounts of 11C were observed in the lipid fraction for both tracers. These results show that [11C]SAM has potential as a tracer for tumor localization with positron emission tomography (PET) and suggest that in tumor studies combining [11C]Met and PET, it should be taken into account that the 11C-labeled methyl group of [11C]Met is not only incorporated into protein but also other macromolecules and lipids via [11C]SAM. PMID- 3259216 TI - Microspectrofluorimetric analysis of the formaldehyde-induced fluorophores of 5 hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in intrapulmonary neuroepithelial bodies after administration of L-5-hydroxytryptophan and L-dopa. AB - To demonstrate the intracellular store of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies of the neonatal rabbit after treatment with the corresponding amino-acid precursors L-5-hydroxytryptophan or L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine, formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in combination with microspectrofluorimetric analysis has been used. Emission spectra and excitation spectra in an extended wavelength range from 240 to 460 nm, the displacement of excitation peaks after exposure to hydrochloric acid vapour, and calculation of peak ratio values 410/260, 380/320, 320/260 for phenylethylamine fluorophores and 385/315 for indolylethylamine fluorophores were performed. Thus, the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine without occurrence of 5-hydroxytryptophan was demonstrated in pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies after administration of the corresponding biological precursor, while dopamine combined with 5-hydroxytryptamine were clearly revealed after administration of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. The rate of photodecomposition always corroborated these findings. PMID- 3259217 TI - The circulating alpha 1-antitrypsin-elastase complex attacks the elastic lamina of blood vessels. An immunohistochemical study. AB - The aim of the study was to determine the destination of the alpha 1-antitrypsin elastase complex, which is found in circulating blood after the peroral administration of elastase. The complex was made in vitro by mixing hog pancreatic elastase with human alpha 1-antitrypsin and then injected intravenously into rats and mice. Tissues taken at various times after injection were subjected to histochemical staining using an antibody against elastase. Light microscope observations revealed dense deposition of reaction products in the elastic lamina of the arterioles; moderate or slight deposits were seen in the tissues surrounding arteries, in the tubular epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules in the kidney, and in the pancreatic ducts. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed heavy deposition of the reaction product in the elastic lamina of the small arteries and arterioles; some dissolution of the elastic fibers was also evident. Pinocytic uptake of the alpha 1-antitrypsin-elastase complex was observed on the abluminal surface of endothelial cells and in smooth muscle cells bordering the elastic lamina of arterioles. The endothelial cells of the arteries and arterioles retained their normal morphological appearance, although local desquamation was observed in some animals. The results indicate that, when the alpha 1-antitrypsin-elastase complex is present in the circulating blood, it is incorporated into the elastic lamina through the endothelial layer. This results in liquefaction of the lamina, desquamation of endothelial cells and leakage of the complex into the perivascular tissues via the vascular walls. However, some of the complex seems to be excreted very quickly from the kidneys. PMID- 3259218 TI - Lectin histochemistry on mucous substances of the taste buds and adjacent epithelia of different vertebrates. AB - In the present study carbohydrate residues in taste buds (TBs) and adjacent epithelial formations of a teleostean fish, a frog and the rabbit were detected by means of lectin histochemistry. Biotinylated lectins from Pisum sativum (PSA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Triticum vulgaris (WGA and succinylated WGA), Glycine max (SBA) and Ulex europaeus (UEA I) have been applied. The lectins were bound to an avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex (ABC) and visualized by diaminobenzidine/H2O2. Most intensive reactivity was observed at the taste disc cells of the frog with DBA, S-WGA and SBA. PNA did not bind to the TBs of any of the animals tested. As shown in SBA preparations, sialic acid is present in a nonacylated and an acylated form in the mucosa of the frog's tongue. The TBs of the fish possess all the sugars we looked for except for the disaccharide D-galactose-(1-3)-beta-D-N-acetyl-galactosamine (Gal/GalNAc) and sialic acid. The TBs of the rabbit contain GalNAc, as detected with DBA, but not with SBA; and fucose (Fuc), mannose (Man) and N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc). As revealed by preincubation of the tissue sections with neuraminidase in TB cells of the rabbit, sialic acid masks Gal/GalNAc and GalNAc. These lectin-binding characteristics show that in the TBs of some selected representatives which belong to different vertebrate classes exist different mucous substances. These substances possess different binding characteristics to specific sugars, and this is possibly of particular interest to chemoreception phenomena. PMID- 3259219 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of vitamin A in the retina and pineal organ of the frog, Rana esculenta. AB - Vitamin A immunoreactive sites were studied in the retina and pineal organ of the frog, Rana esculenta, by the peroxidase antiperoxidase, avidin-biotinperoxidase and immunogold methods. In dark-adapted material, strong immunoreaction was found in the outer and inner segments of the photoreceptor cells of both retina and pineal organ, as well as in the pigment epithelium, retinal Muller cells and pineal ependymal cells. In light-adapted retina, cones and green (blue-sensitive) rods were immunopositive. At the electron microscopic level, immunogold particles were found on the membranes of the photoreceptor outer segments as well as on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Individual retinal photorecptor cells exhibited strong immunoreaction in the distal portion of the inner segment, the ciliary connecting piece and the electron-dense material covering the outer segment. In the pigment epithelium, the immunolabeling varied in intensity in the basal and apical cytoplasm and phagocytosed outer segments. The immunocytochemical results indicate that retinoids (retinal, retinol and possibly retinoic acid) are present not only in the photoreceptor cells of the retina but also in those of the pineal organ. The light-dependent differences in the immunoreactivity of vitamin A underlines its essential role in the visual cycle of the photopigments. Our results suggest that the pineal ependyma plays a role comparable to that of the Muller cells and pigment epithelium of the retina with regard to the transport and storage of vitamin A. The presence of a retinoid in nuclei, mitochondria and cytoplasmic membranes suggests an additional role of vitamin A in other metabolic processes. PMID- 3259220 TI - Distribution of Lyt antigens on the surface of thymocytes associated with thymic macrophages and dendritic cells. AB - Thymocyte subpopulations that are associated with macrophages and dendritic cells of the thymus in vivo were isolated from the thymuses of C57B1/6 mice, and their Lyt phenotypes were analyzed. Electron-microscopic examination of immunogold labeled cells revealed that the thymic complexes formed by macrophages mainly contained Lyt-2-positive thymocytes, while Lyt-1-positive thymocytes were more frequently associated with dendritic cells. The characteristic distributions of Lyt antigens on the surface of thymocytes in regions of reciprocal contact with macrophages (Lyt-2-positive cells) and dendritic cells (Lyt-1-positive cells) suggest that these antigens play a role in specific interactions between thymocytes and stroma cells. PMID- 3259221 TI - A cytophotometric analysis of the structure of hypothalamic cell populations in the frog, Rana temporaria (L.), with special reference to seasonal changes in chromatin status. AB - We used cytophotometry after the Feulgen reaction and UV cytophotometry to measure the DNA content of quiescent cells of the hypothalamic preoptic region (HPR) of adult and juvenile frogs (Rana temporaria) that had been caught in their natural habitat in winter, spring and summer. The histone-to-DNA ratio in cell nuclei was cytophotometrically determined using a combined Feulgen, heparine and alcian-blue staining procedure. The vast majority of HPR cells studied had nuclei with a diploid DNA content. However, we observed great variability in the Feulgen DNA content of the HPR cell population, which was not detected in the diploid standard (hepatocytes). This heterogeneity in the diploid sample of the HPR cell populations was always greater in prespawning frogs and may have been due to differences in the chromatin arrangement in nuclei. About 1% of cells had a DNA content either ranging between diploid and tetraploid levels (H2C cells) or at the tetraploid level (4C and 2C x 2 cells). The proportion of these cells was not affected by the age of the animals or the annual cycle, thus suggesting that there is no age-related increase in the mean DNA content in the frog HPR. The mean DNA contents of H2C and 4C cells were much higher than those in the standard (hepatocytes). This cannot be simply attributed to the presence of different amounts of nuclear proteins, but rather indicates that at least a certain proportion of the highest DNA contents may be due to a real extra-DNA synthesis. PMID- 3259222 TI - Serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the cat trigeminal ganglion. AB - The immunohistochemical distribution of serotonin-like immunoreactivity (SER-LI) has been established in networks of fine nerve fibers which arborize and wind profusely between non-immunoreactive sensory neurons in the cat trigeminal ganglion. Some of the varicose nerve fibers surround occasional non immunoreactive sensory neurons like a woven basket. None of the sensory neurons display SER-LI. An extrinsic origin of intraganglionic fine nerve fibers has been suggested. PMID- 3259223 TI - The effect of deoxycoformycin on bone marrow cells treated with adenosine and deoxyadenosine and hemopoietic growth factors. AB - Medium conditioned by pokeweed-mitogen-activated human spleen cells enhances the survival of human multipotent stem cells (CFU-mix), erythroid progenitors (BFU E), and myeloid progenitors (CFU-C) in liquid culture. The effect of adenosine on bone marrow cell survival in liquid culture in the presence of 2'deoxycoformycin and pokeweed-mitogen spleen-conditioned medium was studied. The combination of 2'deoxycoformycin and adenosine was found to have opposite effects on T lymphocytes and hemopoietic progenitors, i.e., the latter were preserved whereas the growth of T lymphocytes was inhibited following prolonged (4-7 days) incubation in suspension culture. The combination of 2'deoxycoformycin and adenosine removed not only all antigenically detectable T cells, but also functionally detectable cells, as judged by response to mitogens. The results suggest that in vitro culture of bone marrow cells in the presence of 2'deoxycoformycin and adenosine might be considered as an alternative way for the removal of T lymphocytes for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3259224 TI - Is secreted IL-1 necessary for normal human T-cell activation? AB - The role of secreted and membrane-bound IL-1 in the activation of human T cells by monocyte-associated, processed antigen was examined. The IL-1 is secreted from antigen-pulsed plastic-adherent monocytes for only 24 h after isolation. After extensive washing, however, these monocytes are fully capable of stimulating T cells to proliferate. The T cells require less than 24 h of exposure to the monocytes to become activated and can then be cultured alone in fresh media. Addition of exogenous IL-1 does not enhance T-cell responsiveness in this model. Anti-IL-1 beta antibody does not inhibit the response, although we observed that pulsed monocytes have significant membrane-bound IL-1 assayed as biologic activity in the murine thymocyte costimulator assay. These studies suggest that secreted IL-1 is not required for the activation of human T cells and that membrane-bound IL-1 serves this function. The data further suggest that these two forms of IL-1 may be functionally distinct and that IL-1 beta is not the major component of membrane-bound IL-1. The possible relationship of these findings to the clinical efficacy of IL-1 inhibitors, such as corticosteroids, is discussed. PMID- 3259225 TI - Cardiopulmonary effects of recombinant interleukin-2 infusion in sheep. AB - The systemic administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) with or without lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, a new treatment for patients with advanced cancer, is associated with a presumed "third-space" syndrome. To further define the extent and time course of this toxicity, we established a chronic sheep model and monitored changes in systemic and central vascular pressures, cardiac function, and gas exchange during a 72-h continuous intravenous infusion of rIL-2 at a total dose of 5 (group 3) or 9 x 10(5) U/kg (group 4). At 72 h, caudal mediastinal lymph flow, histology, and extravascular lung water-to-dry lung weight ratio (EVLW/DLW) were obtained. During the rIL-2 infusion there was a dose-dependent significant decrease in systemic blood pressure and arterial Po2 and an increase in core temperature. In group 4, pulmonary arterial pressure increased from a base line of 13 +/- 5 to 21 +/- 6 mmHg (P less than 0.05). Lung lymph flow was significantly increased in groups 3 and 4 compared with animals receiving 0.9% NaCl or excipient infusions (groups 1 and 2). EVLW/DLW values were elevated in groups 3 and 4 (P less than 0.01). In animals receiving rIL-2, histological evaluation revealed a dose-dependent infiltration of lung tissue by lymphoblastoid cells that stained esterase negative. We conclude that rIL-2 infusion in doses comparable to those given to humans results in alterations in systemic and central hemodynamics, gas exchange, high-protein lung lymph flow, and infiltration of lymphoblastoid cells into the lung parenchyma. PMID- 3259226 TI - Effect of body posture on spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow. AB - Single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) on intact dogs and humans suggests that one aspect of regional blood flow in the lung (Qr) is independent of gravity, e.g., the gradient in Qr between the core and the periphery. To further evaluate these findings, six anesthetized healthy dogs (approximately 30 kg), two in the supine posture, two in the prone posture, and two suspended in the upright posture, breathing spontaneously, were injected (iv) at end expiration with 20 mCi99mTc-labeled albumin macroaggregates. The animals were killed, their chests were opened, their lungs were removed and dissected free of other tissue, and the blood was drained. The lungs were dried by blowing warm air (50 degrees C) while they were inflated to full capacity for about 18 h. The fully inflated and dry lungs were placed in the supine position and SPECT was performed to determine the three-dimensional distribution of activity. One hundred and twenty projections of the activity in the entire lungs were obtained at 3 degrees steps with a rotating gamma camera and stored in computer memory. Once SPECT was completed, either a coronal slice or a sagittal slice (1 cm thick) was cut and imaged directly by placing it against the gamma camera collimator for 6 min. The tomographic-reconstructed slices revealed that at isogravity, in all body postures, Qr in the central region of the lungs was up to 10 times that in the periphery. Furthermore, the central-peripheral gradient was discernible within the individual lobes. The direct images of slices also confirmed these findings. Although flow inequalities independent of gravity were present, the central region with the highest flow often was closer to the dependent regions of the lungs, suggesting that gravity had some influence on the final distribution. The results suggest that factors other than gravity also play an important role in the distribution of pulmonary blood flow. These factors may be related to the conductance of the vascular pathways that lead to different regions in the lungs. PMID- 3259228 TI - Activation of a tyrosine protein kinase is an early event in the stimulation of T lymphocytes by interleukin-2. AB - The ability of the T lymphocyte growth factor interleukin 2 (IL-2) to activate a tyrosine protein kinase in vivo was assessed by using antibodies to phosphotyrosine in conjunction with immunoblots. Treatment of the murine IL-2 dependent cytotoxic T cell line CTLL-2 with IL-2 resulted in an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins of molecular weights ranging from 38,000 to 120,000. The tyrosine phosphorylation in the various proteins increased in a concomitant fashion and reached a maximum level within 15 min. The concentration of IL-2 required for inducing this phosphorylation was similar to that required for stimulating [3H]thymidine uptake, indicating that the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation correlated with the ability of IL-2 to stimulate the proliferation of the CTLL-2 cells. IL-2 was also found to induce the phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine residues in short term cultures of human T lymphocytes. These results suggest that IL-2, like other polypeptide growth factors, acts by stimulating the activity of a tyrosine protein kinase. PMID- 3259227 TI - Influence of retinoids and EGF on growth of embryonic mouse palatal epithelia in culture. AB - Retinoids and growth factors seem to be important for normal mammalian reproduction and development. High levels of retinoic acid are teratogenic and induce cleft palate in the mouse. Little is known concerning the mechanisms through which retinoids induce cleft palate. Palatal epithelia from CD-1 embryonic mice on Day 12 of gestation were isolated from the mesenchyme and cultured in serum-free media, with all-trans retinoic acid or 13-cis retinoic acid, with or without epidermal growth factor (EGF). The epithelia attached and grew, and the cells differentiated over a 72-h culture period. Binding of [125I]EGF was observed in all cultures in a pattern that correlated with thymidine (TdR) uptake by the epithelia. EGF enhanced growth and [3H]TdR incorporation of the oral cells, but nasal cells generally did not proliferate. In this culture system, both retinoids suppressed [3H]TdR incorporation in a concentration-dependent manner for epithelia cultured with or without EGF. Medial cells are important to normal palatogenesis as they play a role in fusion of opposing shelves and subsequently many of these cells undergo programmed cell death. Death of medial cells in vitro is prevented by EGF and by the retinoids, either with or without EGF. This response occurs in the absence of a mesenchymal interaction, suggesting that the medial cell response to EGF and retinoids is not mediated by or dependent on the mesenchymal tissues. The survival of medial cells may be responsible for the failure of opposing shelves to fuse. PMID- 3259229 TI - Extracellular nucleotide catabolism in human B and T lymphocytes. The source of adenosine production. AB - Extracellular nucleotide degradation was studied in intact human B and T lymphocyte subpopulations and in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Cells of B lymphocyte lineage showed high nucleotide degrading activity, whereas T lymphocytes were unable to degrade extracellular nucleotides. The external surface of B cells contained active sites of ecto-triphosphonucleotidase (ecto-ATPase), ecto diphosphonucleotidase (ecto-ADPase), and ecto-monophosphonucleotidase (ecto AMPase). The expression of all three ectoenzyme activities seemed closely associated with B cell development. ATPase and ADPase activities increase continuously during B cell maturation, ecto-AMPase activity, on the other hand, reaches maximal activity in late pre-B cells. These results combined with our previous studies of intracellular ATP catabolism (Barankiewicz, J., and Cohen, A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 15178-15181) provide evidence that extracellular ATP catabolism may represent exclusive source for adenosine in lymphocytes. It is suggested that adenosine may serve as a means of communication between B and T cells in lymphoid organs, B lymphocytes being the sole producers of adenosine and T lymphocytes being the recipients of this signal. PMID- 3259230 TI - Induction of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein by recombinant human interleukin-1 in rat hepatoma cells. AB - The induction of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein mRNA by recombinant murine interleukin 1, recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha, and recombinant human interleukin-1 beta has been studied in the rat hepatoma cell line Fao. Whereas the stimulatory capacities of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha and recombinant murine interleukin-1 were almost identical, the concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta needed for half-maximal induction of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein mRNA were lower by three orders of magnitude. A 60-fold increase in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein mRNA levels was observed 18 h after the addition of recombinant interleukin-1 beta. In parallel albumin mRNA levels decreased to about 30%. The alpha 1-acid glycoprotein mRNA induction was strictly dependent on the presence of dexamethasone. For a full stimulation dexamethasone concentrations of greater than 10(-7) M were needed, whereas concentrations of less than 10(-12) M were ineffective. The increase in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein mRNA after recombinant human interleukin-1 beta was followed by a 36-fold stimulation in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein synthesis and secretion. When protein synthesis was blocked by either cycloheximide, puromycin, or emetine, the induction of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein mRNA by recombinant human interleukin-1 beta was impaired suggesting the involvement of a short-lived protein in the induction of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein mRNA. PMID- 3259231 TI - The effect of deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin on replicative and repair synthesis of DNA in human lymphoblasts and isolated nuclei. AB - Deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin (dCf) causes increased DNA breaks in lymphoid cells. This study explored the possible inhibition of repair synthesis of DNA by dAdo plus dCf as a cause of DNA breakage. It was shown that DNA breaks accumulated in a human T-lymphoblast cell line, CCRF-CEM, following incubation with dAdo plus dCf and were not fully repaired 20 h after their removal. Analysis of the density distribution of radiolabeled DNA on alkaline CsCl gradient showed that incubation of CCRF-CEM cells with dAdo plus dCf caused inhibition of semiconservative, but not repair synthesis of DNA. Semiconservative synthesis of DNA was also inhibited in CCRF-CEM nuclei isolated from cells pretreated with dAdo and dCf, suggesting damage to DNA replicative machinery. However, no such inhibition was observed in the nuclei of a similarly treated CCRF-CEM mutant that was deficient in adenosine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase. This suggests that dAdo must be phosphorylated in intact cells to exert its effect. Using [3H]dTTP incorporation in isolated CCRF-CEM nuclei to measure DNA synthesis, it was found that a high concentration (greater than 100 microM) of dATP inhibits semiconservative but not repair synthesis of DNA. The present studies thus indicate that accumulation of DNA strand breaks induced by dAdo plus dCf is not the consequence of inhibition of repair DNA synthesis. This implies the mechanism may involve perturbation of DNA ligation or activation of a certain process which causes DNA strand breaks. In addition, dATP may interfere with some steps of semiconservative DNA synthesis, but not the repair synthesis of DNA. PMID- 3259232 TI - A frameshift mutation results in a truncated alpha 1-antitrypsin that is retained within the rough endoplasmic reticulum. AB - The major physiological role of the serine protease inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) is to protect elastic fibers in the lung from excessive hydrolysis by neutrophil elastase. Genetic deficiency of alpha 1-AT predisposes individuals toward the development of emphysema. We have cloned and characterized a mutant alpha 1-AT gene from an individual exhibiting a total absence of immunoreactive alpha 1-AT in serum. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this "null" allele has demonstrated a TC dinucleotide deletion within the codon for Leu318 in exon IV. This frame-shift mutation results in the generation of a premature termination codon at residue 334, which is upstream of the active inhibitory site. To determine the biochemical basis of the null phenotype, the mutant and normal genes were transferred into mouse hepatoma cells for expression analysis. Pulse chase experiments demonstrated that the mutant gene is expressed into a truncated protein of 45 kDa, which is retained within the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The complete lack of secretion of the truncated protein is consistent with the absence of immunoreactive alpha 1-AT in the patient's serum. In addition, a G to A transition was identified in exon II of the mutant gene, changing the codon for Arg101 to His101. Finally, an A to C transversion was identified in exon V changing the codon for Glu376 to Asp376. Since the latter conservative amino acid substitution has previously been identified in the common PiM2 variant, the frame shift mutation might have occurred on a PiM2 background chromosome. Using the birthplace of this index case, this mutant alpha 1-AT allele has been designated "nullHong Kong." PMID- 3259233 TI - Calcium binding to the epidermal growth factor homology region of bovine protein C. AB - A high affinity calcium binding site that is independent of the gamma carboxyglutamic acid-rich amino-terminal region, has been demonstrated in bovine protein C, as well as in the other vitamin K-dependent proteins (except prothrombin) involved in blood coagulation. gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid independent calcium binding in protein C is required for its rapid activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. We have now isolated a Ca2+-binding fragment from a tryptic digest of bovine protein C. The isolated fragment contains the two domains that are homologous to the epidermal growth factor precursor from the light chain of protein C, and a small disulfide bound peptide derived from the heavy chain. The isolated fragment bound 1 mol of Ca2+/mol of protein with a dissociation constant (Kd) of approximately 1 x 10(-4) M. This is similar to the Kd previously determined for binding of a single Ca2+ ion to protein C lacking the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid region. Immunochemical evidence indicated that Ca2+ binding induced a conformational change both in protein C lacking the gamma carboxyglutamic acid region and in the isolated fragment. PMID- 3259234 TI - Expression of the CSF-1 gene in the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia: association with reduced growth capacity. AB - Myelopoietic growth factors are known to influence the growth in culture of malignant blast cells from human Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML). We have used cDNA clones for the factor CSF-1 and its receptor fms to study DNA and RNA from the blasts of 25 AML patients. The CSF-1 gene was always in the germline configuration. CSF-1 mRNA was found in about half the blast populations. The cells were also studied for their growth properties in culture. A highly significant association was found between CSF-1 expression and poor growth in suspension culture. Most blast populations expressed fms; the number of fms expression negative samples was to small to permit the detection of any association between fms expression and growth or any interaction between the effects of the expression of the growth factor and its receptor. We propose that CSF-1 may be an important part of the mechanism determining the balance between self-renewal and determination in AML blast clones. PMID- 3259235 TI - Synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulin G by lymphocytes from cultured mouse spleen cells is not affected by heat shock. AB - Short-term hyperthermic episodes (in vivo and in vitro) alter gene expression in mammalian lymphocytes, resulting in the enhanced synthesis of a select group of polypeptides--the heat-shock proteins--and the depressed synthesis of many normally synthesized polypeptides. Such alterations could have profound implications to an individual if the appropriate functioning of lymphocytes within the immune response was compromised by a depression in immunoglobulin synthesis during naturally occurring periods of hyperthermia, such as fever. In the present study we asked if heat-shock affects the facultative synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulin G by cultured mouse lymphocytes. We found that the quantity of immunoglobulin G synthesized and secreted by these cells is not affected by heat-shock treatments sufficient to induce the synthesis of heat shock proteins. PMID- 3259236 TI - Mitogenic action of tumor necrosis factor in human fibroblasts: interaction with epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. AB - We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can increase the number of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors on human FS-4 fibroblasts and that this increase may be related to the mitogenic action of TNF in these cells. Here we show that TNF stimulated the growth of FS-4 fibroblasts in a chemically defined, serum-free medium in the absence of EGF. Anti-EGF receptor antibody, which blocked the mitogenic effects of EGF in FS-4 cells, did not inhibit the mitogenic action of TNF in serum-free or serum-containing medium, indicating that EGF or an EGF-like molecule was not responsible for the mitogenic effects of TNF. However, the simultaneous addition of TNF and EGF to cells grown in serum-free medium resulted in a synergistic stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell growth. The actions of TNF and EGF were also examined in growth-arrested FS-4 cells and were compared with the action of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In the absence of other growth factors, TNF was a relatively weak mitogen in growth arrested cells, compared with EGF or PDGF. Nevertheless, TNF synergized with EGF or high doses of PDGF in stimulating DNA synthesis. Furthermore, antibodies specific for TNF or the EGF receptor were used to selectively inhibit the actions of these two factors, after specific incubation periods, in growth-arrested cells treated concurrently with EGF and TNF. To produce an optimal stimulation of DNA synthesis, EGF had to be present for a longer period of time than TNF. We conclude that in their synergistic action on growth-arrested FS-4 cells, EGF was responsible for driving the majority of the cells into S phase, while TNF appeared to make the cells more responsive to the mitogenic action of EGF. The findings indicate that TNF can cooperate with, and enhance the actions of, EGF in promoting DNA synthesis and cell division. PMID- 3259237 TI - The effects of recombinant CSF-1 on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia in suspension culture. AB - Recombinant hemopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), including GM-CSF, G CSF and IL-3, have been shown to be effective stimulators of both self-renewal and terminal differentiation of blast stem cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). We have examined the activity of a fourth growth factor, recombinant CSF-1 (or M-CSF), on the growth of leukemic blasts in culture. CSF-1 was found to be active on some, but not all, blast populations. In sensitive cells, CSF-1 often stimulated the production of adherent blast cells incapable of division. This observation leads us to suggest that CSF-1 may be useful in the treatment of selected cases of AML. PMID- 3259238 TI - Characterization of granulocytes and mast cells in cultures of mouse bone marrow stimulated with interleukin-3. AB - Bone marrow cells in liquid culture with interleukin 3 produce a population of non-adherent granulocytes and mast cells. Flow cytometry was used to identify granulocytes and mast cells on the basis of the physical properties of perpendicular light scatter (PLS) and coulter volume (CV) as well as the expression IgE and CR3 receptors. Multicolor analysis indicated there were subpopulations of Thy1.2 positive cells which transiently appeared in these cultures and also expressed IgE receptors, CR3 receptors or neither of these receptors. The data suggested a differentiation scheme in which Thy1.2 positive precursor cells give rise to granulocytes and mast cells. Further evidence for this differentiation scheme was provided from CV vs. PLS distributions which showed increases in CV and PLS as Thy1.2 positive cells differentiated into mast cells and decreases in CV and PLS as Thy1.2 positive cells differentiated into granulocytes. PMID- 3259239 TI - Inhibition of EGF processing in responsive and nonresponsive human fibroblasts. AB - We have examined the proteolytic processing of radiolabeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) in EGF growth-responsive human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) versus EGF nonresponsive human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL). Previous studies (Schaudies et al., 1985) have shown that both cell lines demonstrate similar binding affinities and numbers of binding sites, as well as similar rates of internalization and degradation of the bound, radiolabeled hormone. We have used nondenaturing electrophoresis to compare how these two cell lines process EGF at its carboxy terminus. EGF lacking either one [des-(53)-EGF] or six [des (48-53)-EGF] carboxy terminal amino acids could be distinguished by this method. Chloroquine or leupeptin were added to the incubation system in an attempt to accentuate potential differences in hormonal processing between the responsive and nonresponsive cell lines. In the absence of inhibitors, the responsive and nonresponsive cells generated similar distributions of processed forms of EGF after 30-minutes incubation. However, after 4-hours incubation in the constant presence of 125I-EGF, the electrophoretic profiles of extracted hormone were substantially different. The radiolabel within the responsive cells, as well as that released from them, migrated predominantly at the dye front, indicating complete degradation of EGF. In contrast, the majority of the radiolabel within the nonresponsive cells migrated as partially processed forms of hormone, while the released radiolabel migrated at the dye front. Addition of chloroquine to either cell line inhibited processing of EGF beyond removal of the carboxyl terminal arginine residue. Both intact 125I-EGF, and 125I-EGF lacking the carboxyl terminal arginine were released from chloroquine-treated cells in a ratio equal to that present in the intact cells. Incubations in leupeptin, proteolysis of EGF beyond the des-(48-53)-EGF was blocked; however, no large molecular-weight species were released from the cells under these conditions. PMID- 3259240 TI - Assessment of [11C]-L-methionine transport into the human brain. AB - Neutral amino acid transport into human brain was measured using a dual-probe positron detection system or positron emission tomography (PET). Rate constants (ml/min/cc) for brain accumulation of [11C]L-methionine measured with the dual detector ranged from 0.012 to 0.078 (average 0.031) under baseline conditions and from 0.010 to 0.017 (average 0.014) after administration of nonradioactive L phenylalanine (100 mg/kg). The net rate of brain accumulation of L-methionine ranged from 0.42 to 2.89 (average 1.28) nmol/min/cc, and decreased by 27.5-91.2% (average 53.9%) after L-phenylalanine. PET-estimated accumulation rates (ml/min/cc) of [11C]L-methionine ranged from 0.004 to 0.028 (average 0.016) baseline and from 0.010 to 0.021 (average 0.017) after L-phenylalanine. Initial volumes of distribution (ml/cc) of [11C]L-methionine (dual detector) were 0.044 0.070 (average 0.058) baseline and 0.032-0.074 (average 0.051) after phenylalanine and (PET) 0.026-0.098 (average 0.051) baseline and 0.021-0.061 (average 0.042) after phenylalanine. PET permits more accurate measurement of tracer accumulation by brain, excluding noncerebral regions included in dual detector measurements. The dual-detector system permits better temporal resolution, facilitating kinetic analysis, and requires only one-fortieth the dose of tracer needed for PET. Multiple studies in the same patient are thus possible at low cost. PMID- 3259241 TI - Single-scan Bayes estimation of cerebral glucose metabolic rate: comparison with non-Bayes single-scan methods using FDG PET scans in stroke. AB - Three single-scan (SS) methods are currently available for estimating the local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (LCMRG) from F-18 deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan data: SS(SPH), named for Sokoloff, Phelps, and Huang; SS(B), named for Brooks; and SS(H), named for Hutchins and Holden et al. All three of these SS methods make use of prior information in the form of mean values of rate constants from the normal population. We have developed a Bayes estimation (BE) method that uses prior information in the form of rate constant means, variances, and correlations in both the normal and ischemic tissue populations. The BE method selects, based only on the data, whether the LCMRG estimate should be computed using prior information from normal or ischemic tissue. The ability of BE to make this selection gives it an advantage over the other methods. The BE method can be used as a SS method or can use any number of PET scans. We conducted Monte Carlo studies comparing BE as a SS method with the other SS methods, all using a single scan at 60 min. We found SS(H) to be strongly superior to SS(SPH) and SS(B), and we found BE to be definitely superior to SS(H). PMID- 3259242 TI - Measurement of the ratio of cerebral oxygen consumption to glucose utilization by positron emission tomography: its consistency with the values determined by the Kety-Schmidt method in normal volunteers. AB - The regional interrelationship between cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) and cerebral glucose utilization (CMRGlc) was studied in normal subjects using positron emission tomography (PET) and the 15O steady-state inhalation and the [18F]fluoro deoxyglucose method. The use of standard sets of rate constants and the model lumped constant of 0.52 as well as the regional blood-brain partition coefficient for water and the blood volume correction for oxygen extraction fraction provided a CMRO2/CMRGlc ratio of 4.89 in the cortical gray matter, 5.27 in the basal ganglia and 5.82 in the centrum semiovale (white matter). The values of CMRO2/CMRGlc for the basal ganglia and the white matter were consistent with those reported for the whole brain with the Kety-Schmidt method. There was no significant difference in the CMRO2/CMRGlc between the basal ganglia and the white matter indicating the similar nature of in vivo oxidative metabolism of glucose in neuron-rich region and glial cell-rich region. PMID- 3259243 TI - Elevated cerebellar glucose metabolism in microvascular white matter disease: normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. AB - Young normal, elderly, and clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease subjects who had undergone positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) examinations were studied to determine the effect of periventricular white matter lesions on cerebellar glucose metabolic rates. PET-determined cerebellar metabolic rates were elevated in subjects with periventricular white matter lesions. These results suggest the cautious use of cortical-to-cerebellar ratios in future PET or single-photon-emission CT (SPECT) studies. PMID- 3259244 TI - Direct resolution of the stereoisomers of leucovorin and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate using a bovine serum albumin high-performance liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phase coupled to an achiral phenyl column. PMID- 3259247 TI - Disk diffusion susceptibility testing for LY163892 (KT-3777), a new orally administered 1-carbacephem. AB - LY163892, a new orally administered 1-carbacephem, was found to have a spectrum of antimicrobial activity very similar to that of cefaclor. Diffusion tests with 30-micrograms LY163892 disks produced acceptable interpretive error rates with greater than or equal to 22 mm as the susceptibility zone diameter. This was required to reduce potential false-susceptibility results, particularly among Enterobacter spp. and Providencia stuartii: both species included strains that produce beta-lactamases capable of hydrolyzing Ly163892. Preliminary recommendations for LY163892 disk tests are presented, but the continued use of the 30-micrograms cephalothin "class representative" disk might be the best procedure to minimize LY163892 interpretive errors for clinical trials. A separate LY163892 disk for testing Haemophilus influenzae strains should be seriously considered. PMID- 3259245 TI - Regulation of human natural killer (NK) cell function: induction of killing of an NK-resistant renal carcinoma cell line. AB - Natural killer (NK)-like activity against a renal carcinoma cell line, Cur, was assessed. There was no spontaneous killing of Cur cells by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 4-hr assays. Cur killing was observed in 18-hr assays, but the magnitude of killing was variable and always markedly less than that against K562. Cur killing was mediated by a nonadherent, nonphagocytic lymphocyte, the activity of which could be modulated both positively and negatively by monocytes or their products. Preincubation of effectors with monocyte supernatant, interleukin 1 (IL-1), alpha-interferon (alpha IFN), or interleukin 2 (IL-2) greatly increased the magnitude of Cur killing and accelerated the kinetics of lysis. The addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) during in vitro activation of NK by IL-2 profoundly inhibited subsequent Cur lysis, whereas only minimal inhibition of K562 lysis was noted. However, following activation with IL-2, lysis of Cur targets was less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of PGE2. Removal of Leu 11b(+), OKM1(+), or L-leucyl-leucine methyl ester-sensitive cells markedly decreased both Cur and K562 lysis. Moreover, CD16(+) cells purified with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter were found to mediate Cur killing. Whereas Cur and K562 lysis is mediated by phenotypically similar effector cells, the present studies demonstrate that the cytotoxic functions defined by the ability to lyse these two targets differ in response to a variety of immunoregulatory stimuli. PMID- 3259246 TI - Antibodies reactive with human immunodeficiency virus gag-coded antigens (gag reactive only) are a major cause of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactivity in a blood donor population. AB - Normal blood donors were examined for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-reactive antibodies with both virus- and Escherichia coli-expressed env- and gag-coded antigens. The frequency of samples from normal (low-risk) donors that were repeatedly reactive with an HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay blood screening test (Du Pont Co.) was 0.6%. Two classes of HIV serological reactivity were identified: a minor env-reactive class (0.03 to 0.06% of donors) and the predominant env-nonreactive gag-reactive class (gag reactive only [GRO]) (0.4 to 0.5% of donors). Assignment of env reactivity was made by a synthetic (recombinant) env enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus immunoblot. Most GRO sera reacted with p15/p17 bands on HIV immunoblot. Antibody specificity in GRO sera was confirmed by competition-binding studies with viral gag and E. coli expressed p55gag. This study provides independent verification that gag-specific antibodies are present in many env-nonreactive sera. More serological and virological studies of individuals with this antibody pattern should be pursued to determine the origin of these gag-reactive antibodies. PMID- 3259248 TI - Proteolytic inactivation of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor by a neutrophil metalloproteinase. AB - Human neutrophils triggered with phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan particles released a metalloproteinase (MP) capable of cleaving and inactivating alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI). Sequence analysis of the amino acids in proteolyzed, native alpha-1-PI revealed a unique single cleavage site between Phe-352 and Leu-353. An analysis of the process regulating the enzyme's activity revealed that the neutrophil MP was released from cells in a latent form whose activation was tightly linked to the generation of hypochlorous acid. These results indicate that human neutrophils use chlorinated oxidants to activate a latent MP that is capable of proteolytically inactivating alpha-1-PI by cleaving the antiproteinase at a unique point in its inhibitory site region. PMID- 3259250 TI - Sensitive detection of immunogold-silver staining with darkfield and epi polarization microscopy. AB - We evaluated the contribution of darkfield and epi-polarization microscopy to the detection of leukocyte cell surface antigens with immunogold-silver staining (IGSS). Lymphocyte cell surface differentiation antigens were labeled with monoclonal antibodies and IGSS as described for brightfield microscopy. In darkfield and epi-polarization microscopy the labeling appeared as bright spots on a dark background. The sensitivity of detection was much higher than that of brightfield microscopy. Sixteenfold higher dilutions of the monoclonal antibody could be used to detect all cells expressing the antigen in the cell suspension. However, non-specific staining was also better visualized. The latter could be reduced to a level comparable to that of brightfield microscopy only by use of weaker labeling conditions. A 25% reduction of the silver enhancement time was necessary for this purpose. However, these weaker labeling conditions also reduced the intensity of the specific staining. Therefore, the efficiency of IGSS, as detected with darkfield and epi-polarization microscopy, was only fourfold greater than that found with brightfield microscopy or that of an immunofluorescence procedure. Especially in combination with transmitted light, to improve cell identification, epi-polarization microscopy is a reliable and sensitive method for detection of immunogold-silver-labeled cell surface antigens for diagnostic and research purposes. PMID- 3259249 TI - Histological detection of messenger RNAs with biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotide probes. AB - We achieved histological detection of the messenger RNAs coding for vasopressin, calcitonin, or calcitonin gene-related peptide by using biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotides, and defined the technical parameters enabling optimal detection of these mRNAs. Oligonucleotides labeled by fixation of one biotin at their 5' end or by addition of a biotin-11-dUTP tail at their 3' end can be used to detect mRNAs, although the latter are more sensitive. Streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase revealed with nitroblue tetrazolium-bromo-chloro-indolyl phosphate as substrate makes possible detection of the biotinylated oligonucleotides. Increasing formaldehyde concentration in the fixative decreases the signal intensity; 1% formaldehyde fixation provides the most intense signal. Several controls, including those with addition of unlabeled oligonucleotides to the hybridization buffer, confirm the specificity of mRNA detection. The sensitivity of the biotinylated probes is identical or lower as compared to the corresponding radiolabeled oligonucleotides. Histological and subcellular resolution is greatly enhanced with biotinylated probes. The rat vasopressin probes stain magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and, under optimal conditions, parvocellular neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Vasopressin mRNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell bodies and in the roots of certain processes. Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA are found co localized in the cytoplasm of the same tumor cells in human medullary thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 3259251 TI - Modulation of immune functions by long-term treatment with recombinant interferon alpha 2 in a patient with hairy-cell leukemia. AB - Serial in vitro immune function studies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were carried out during the long-term treatment with recombinant interferon-alpha 2 (IFN-alpha 2) in a patient with hairy-cell leukemia (HCL). Parameters of B- and T-cell functions as well as NK-cell activity were determined. Treatment with IFN-alpha 2 is associated with temporary and long-term depression of some immune functions, but can also normalize immune responses: in vitro-induced immunoglobulin synthesis, which was normal at diagnosis, was inhibited during the first weeks of IFN therapy but subsequently rose to normal levels. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens that were markedly reduced pretherapeutically were further depressed by IFN treatment but, with the exception of pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced responses, normalized completely by the 15th to 17th week of treatment. Cocultivation of PBMC with monocytes from normal individuals enhanced depressed lymphocyte proliferative responses. NK-cell activity, which was low at diagnosis, did not rise to the normal range during IFN treatment, but rapidly normalized when IFN therapy was stopped. A discussion is presented on the implications of the alteration of immune functions by treatment with IFN. PMID- 3259252 TI - Interleukin 2 activation of natural killer cells rapidly induces the expression and phosphorylation of the Leu-23 activation antigen. AB - IL-2 potentiates both growth and cytotoxic function of T lymphocytes and NK cells. Resting peripheral blood NK cells can respond directly to rIL-2, without requirement for accessory cells or cofactors, and enhanced cytotoxicity can be measured within a few hours after exposure to this lymphokine. In this study, we describe an activation antigen, Leu-23, that is rapidly induced and phosphorylated after IL-2 stimulation of NK cells and a subset of low buoyant density T lymphocytes. Previously, it has been uncertain whether all NK cells or only a subset are responsive to IL-2. Since within 18 h after exposure to IL-2, essentially all NK cells express Leu-23, these findings indicate that all peripheral blood NK cells are responsive to stimulation by IL-2. The Leu-23 antigen is a disulfide-bonded homodimer, composed of 24-kD protein subunits with two N-linked oligosaccharides. Appearance of this glycoprotein on NK cells is IL 2 dependent and closely parallels IL-2-induced cytotoxicity against NK-resistant solid tumor cell targets. PMID- 3259253 TI - The inhibitory complex of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and human leukocyte elastase is a neutrophil chemoattractant. AB - An inhibitor-proteinase complex consisting of human alpha 1-PI and human leukocyte elastase is chemotactic for human neutrophils. The chemotactic activity is optimal at 1 nM and is associated only with the alpha 1-PI portion of the complex. Neither HLE in the complex, free HLE, nor native alpha 1-PI possesses chemotactic activity for human neutrophils. alpha 1-PI in complex is hydrolyzed at the Met-358-Ser-359 bond. The chemotactic activity is associated with the Mr 4,200 fragment of alpha 1-PI that has Ser-359 as its NH2 terminus. The region of the HLE-alpha 1-PI complex that stimulates chemotaxis appears to be the same as that of the Mr 4,200 fragment generated by hydrolysis of the Pro-357-Met-358 bond during proteolytic inactivation of alpha 1-PI. The data suggest the presence of a neutrophil surface receptor bound by alpha 1-PI after the formation of a complex with HLE or after proteolytic degradation. This receptor may play a role in clearance of these modified alpha 1-PI molecules. PMID- 3259254 TI - In vitro cellular tropism of human B-lymphotropic virus (human herpesvirus-6). AB - We investigated the cellular tropism of human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV) (also designated Human Herpesvirus-6) in vitro by infecting fresh MN cells from normal human adult peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, tonsil, and thymus. Cultures from all the sources examined contained infectable cells, as shown by the appearance of characteristic enlarged, round-shaped, short-lived cells expressing HBLV-specific markers. Detailed immunological analysis demonstrated that the vast majority of these cells expressed T cell-associated antigens (i.e., CD7, CD5, CD2, CD4, and to a lesser extent, CD8). The CD3 antigen and the TCR-alpha/beta heterodimer were not detectable on the surface membrane, but were identified within the cytoplasm of HBLV-infected cells, by both immunofluorescence and radioimmunoprecipitation assay. A proportion of the HBLV infected cell population also expressed the CD15 and class II MHC DR antigens. By means of immunoselection procedures it was possible to show that a consistent proportion of HBLV-infectable cells were contained within the CD3-depleted immature T cell population, while the depletion of CD2+ cells completely abrogated the infectability of the cultures. Northern blot analysis confirmed the T cell origin of HBLV-infected cells, demonstrating the expression of full size TCR-alpha and -beta chain mRNA. In addition to fresh T cells, HBLV was able to infect normal T lymphocytes expanded in vitro with IL-2 for greater than 30 d. These results indicate that HBLV is selectively T cell tropic in the course of the in vitro infection of normal mononuclear cells and may therefore be directly involved in the pathogenesis of T cell related hematological disorders. In particular, in light of the cytopathic effect exerted in vitro on CD4+ T lymphocytes, a possible role of HBLV in immune deficiency conditions should be considered. PMID- 3259255 TI - A transformation-associated 130-kD cell surface glycoprotein is growth controlled in normal human cells. AB - Two characteristics of cell surface molecules involved in the regulation of cell proliferation are altered expression in relation to growth phase in normal cells and overexpression in transformed cells. Here, we describe a similar pattern of expression for a 130-kD cell surface glycoprotein (gp 130) in human cells. Synthesis and cell surface expression of gp130 were greatly increased in both virally and chemically transformed fibroblasts, fibrosarcomas, a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, and T cell leukemia lines. Furthermore, gp130 expression was induced in serum-starved fetal fibroblasts by serum stimulation, and in fresh T cells by various activating agents. Expression in response to serum stimulation was associated primarily with the transition from a quiescent state (G0) into the cell cycle (G1). PMID- 3259256 TI - T cell stimulation by staphylococcal enterotoxins. Clonally variable response and requirement for major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on accessory or target cells. AB - Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) are the most potent mitogens for T lymphocytes known; concentrations of less than 10(-9) M are sufficient for T cell activation. The mechanism of T cell activation by SE is unknown. We have used cloned human cytotoxic and proliferative T lymphocytes to dissect the molecular mechanism of T cell activation by SE. With rare exceptions, all TCR alpha/beta chain-expressing T cell clones of CD4+ or CD8+ phenotype, as well as CD4-8- TCR alpha/beta chain negative chain-expressing T lymphocyte clones, respond with proliferation and/or cytotoxicity to SE. For triggering of all these clones, the presence of autologous or allogeneic MHC class II molecules on accessory or target cells is necessary. This requirement for class II antigens is not due to an immunological recognition of processed SE, since inhibition of antigen processing has no influence on the T cell response to SE. SE acts on the T cells directly since (a) they stimulate a rise in intracellular calcium concentration in T cell lines or purified T cells, and (b) accessory cells can be replaced by phorbolesters in the proliferative activation of resting T cells by SE. Furthermore, the T cell response to SE shows extensive clonal heterogeneity. These results suggest that SE are functionally bivalent mitogens binding highly selectively to HLA class II molecules and the TCR. Thus, compared with other polyclonal T cell activating agents, activation with SE most closely mimicks the physiological way of MHC restricted antigen recognition by T lymphocytes. PMID- 3259258 TI - The contribution of L3T4+ T cells to lymphoproliferation and autoantibody production in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. AB - The current study examines the role of the L3T4 T cell subset in the development of lupus-like autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation in lpr-bearing mice. Chronic treatment of MRL-lpr/lpr mice with anti-L3T4 antibody beginning at 4 wk old was found to markedly decrease the production of IgG anti-DNA and antihistone antibodies, while having no effect on IgM autoantibodies. A dramatic reduction in splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy was also observed coincident with a decrease in the percentage and total number of Thy-1+, B220+ cells. Together, the data suggest an important role for L3T4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of disease in lpr mice and provide further evidence that a requirement for the L3T4 subset may be a common feature of murine autoimmunity. PMID- 3259257 TI - Adrenalectomy sensitizes mice to the lethal effects of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. AB - To clarify the possible role of TNF and IL-1 in endotoxic shock, the lethality of rTNF (human and murine) and IL-1 in adrenalectomized mice was studied. Adrenalectomy, which has long been known to increase the susceptibility to endotoxin, rendered mice susceptible to TNF and IL-1 in terms of mortality. The lethality of endotoxin, TNF, or IL-1 was totally prevented by pretreatment with dexamethasone (minimal effective dose, 0.3 mg/Kg) but not by ibuprofen (10 mg/Kg). PMID- 3259259 TI - A follow-up comparison of patient satisfaction among prepaid and fee-for-service patients. AB - This study reports the results of a follow-up patient satisfaction survey that sampled patients enrolled in a capitation program and compared their satisfaction levels with otherwise similar patients in a fee-for-service program two years after the programs began. On a scale of 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied), the mean general satisfaction level for 158 prepaid patients was 3.17 +/- 0.70, and 3.42 +/- 0.61 for 87 fee-for-service patients (P less than .05). This finding contrasts with no differences seen in a previous study of the same populations at six months after the programs began (mean general satisfaction levels of 3.26 and 3.36 for the prepaid and fee-for-service patients, respectively). A statistically significant difference also existed in the subdimension "technical aspects of quality of care": 3.38 +/- 0.65 for prepaid patients, and 3.61 +/- 0.53 for fee-for-service service patients (P less than .05). Levels of satisfaction within other individual constructs were similar for both groups and tended to remain the same over two years, although satisfaction with access to care decreased among prepaid patients, and satisfaction with continuity of care increased among fee-for-service patients. These data support the hypothesis that overall satisfaction levels and certain aspects of patient satisfaction may be compromised by a capitation program. PMID- 3259260 TI - A positive association between physical health practices and psychological well being. AB - The association between psychological well-being (PWB) and health practices (HP) has not been explored. PWB is associated with age, income, education, and physical health. Physical health has been shown to relate to seven HP: sleep, physical exercise, breakfast, snacking, relative body weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between PWB and these seven physical health practices. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional health survey of 6320 persons. PWB was measured as an overall score, with positive feelings and negative feelings as subscores. Each of the three PWB measures was related to favorable health practices. The clinical significance of this relationship remains to be determined. In addition, PWB was noted to improve with age. Although one cannot infer causal relations from cross-sectional data, physical health practices may be important mediators of the mind-body interaction. PMID- 3259261 TI - Immunotherapy of patients with advanced cancer using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and recombinant interleukin-2: a pilot study. AB - Clinical investigations using the adoptive transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) to treat patients with advanced cancer have yielded encouraging results. We have thus sought ways to enhance the effectiveness of adoptive immunotherapy while minimizing its toxic side effects. Murine experiments have identified tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) as killer cells more effective than LAK cells and less dependent on adjunctive systemically administered IL-2 to mediate antitumor effects. Accordingly, we performed a pilot protocol to investigate the feasibility and practicality of administering IL-2-expanded TIL to humans with metastatic cancers. Twelve patients, including six with melanoma, four with renal cell carcinoma, one with breast carcinoma, and one with colon carcinoma, were treated with varying doses and combinations of TIL (8.0 X 10(9) to 2.3 X 10(11) cells per patient), IL-2 (10,000 to 100,000 U/kg three times daily to dose-limiting toxicity), and cyclophosphamide (CPM) (up to 50 mg/kg). Two partial responses (PR) to therapy were observed: pulmonary and mediastinal masses regressed in a patient with melanoma, and a lymph node mass regressed in a patient with renal cell carcinoma. One additional patient with breast cancer experienced a partial regression of disease in lymph nodal and cutaneous sites with complete elimination of malignant cells from a pleural effusion, although cutaneous disease recurred at 4 weeks. The toxicities of therapy were similar to those ascribed to IL-2; no toxic effects were directly attributable to TIL infusions. In five of six melanoma patients, TIL demonstrated lytic activity specific for the autologous tumor target in short-term chromium-release assays, distinct from the nonspecific lytic activity characteristic of LAK cells. This study represents an initial attempt to identify and use lymphocyte subsets with enhanced tumoricidal capacity in the adoptive immunotherapy of human malignancies. PMID- 3259262 TI - Distinctive actions of epidermal growth factor-urogastrone in isolated smooth muscle preparations from guinea pig stomach: differential inhibition by indomethacin. AB - Epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (murine EGF-URO) caused concentration dependent contractile responses in preparations of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle derived from guinea pig stomach. The actions of EGF-URO in these two preparations were distinguished in terms of the ability of indomethacin to block EGF-URO-mediated contraction completely in the longitudinal muscle preparation but not in the circular muscle preparation. The EC50 for EGF-URO was 2 to 5 nM in the longitudinal muscle preparations and 20 to 50 nM in the indomethacin-treated circular muscle preparation. The action of EGF-URO in the longitudinal preparation also was inhibited by ibuprofen, aspirin and by anti inflammatory steroids possessing an 11-beta-hydroxyl; the corresponding steroids lacking the 11-beta-hydroxyl substituent were inactive. In contrast, little or no effect of the anti-inflammatory steroids on the EGF-URO-mediated response was observed in the indomethacin-treated circular muscle preparation. Partial inhibition (about 30%) of the EGF-URO-mediated contraction of the indomethacin sensitive longitudinal preparation was caused by mepacrine and p-bromophenyl acylbromide, whereas esculetine, tranylcypromine, prazosin, yohimbine and cyproheptadine had no effect. The action of EGF-URO in both preparations exhibited marked tachyphyllaxis, which could not be attributed either to the production of inhibitory factors or to the disappearance of EGF-URO from the organ bath. The response of both preparations required the presence of extracellular calcium and was inhibited largely (90%, longitudinal preparation) or in part (69%, indomethacin-treated circular preparation) by verapamil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259263 TI - Pathways of adenine nucleotide catabolism in primary rat cardiomyocyte cultures. AB - The pathways of adenine nucleotide catabolism were investigated in cultured beating cardiomyocytes. The activity of the enzymes involved in AMP degradation was assayed in cell extracts. Fluxes of label from ATP to the various purine derivatives were measured in intact cells. Under physiological conditions, cells degraded AMP through deamination to IMP. IMP was rapidly degraded to inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid, which were effluxed from the cells. This is in accord with the fact that the activity of AMP deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) was 7 fold that of AMP 5'-Nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5). Mild ATP-degradation, induced by inhibition of glycolysis by iodoacetate, caused no alterations in the degradation pathways (more than 85% through deamination to IMP). However, fast ATP degradation (83% of adenine nucleotides/10 min), induced by simultaneous inhibition of glycolysis and electron transport (by antimycin A), caused increased dephosphorylation of AMP to adenosine (50% of total AMP-degradation). The cardiomyocyte extracts were found to contain a significant activity of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1). Despite the presence of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8), salvage of hypoxanthine to IMP, both at physiological as well as at conditions associated with ATP degradation, was slow. The salvage of adenosine appeared to be efficient at physiological conditions, but not at fast rates of ATP degradation. PMID- 3259264 TI - Fatal attraction in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3259265 TI - New indirect approach to the therapeutic use of immunotoxins. AB - To improve the applicability of immunotoxins (ITs), we have developed a new two step indirect procedure. The target cells to be killed are first incubated with cell-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). After removal of excess unbound antibody, the cells are incubated in the presence of lactose with an indirect IT, a conjugate of whole abrin and sheep anti-mouse immunoglobulin (SAM) that binds only to cells having primary mouse MAbs on their surfaces. The SAM-abrin IT is affinity purified before use to remove molecules with exposed B-chain-binding sites; it was nontoxic in the absence of the specific mouse MAbs, demonstrating the specificity of the two-step method. We compared the indirect approach, using four different primary MAbs, with the conventional method, in which abrin is coupled directly to the mouse MAbs. In three human cell lines--the melanoma line FEMX, the Burkitt cell line Rael, and the leukemia cell line KM3--the cell kill, measured by a clonogenic assay, was consistently greater with the indirect than with the direct method. In the melanoma and Rael cells, the indirect method gave a higher cell kill than even native abrin. With a mixture of two different antibodies an additive effect was observed with the indirect but not with the direct method. The new approach greatly simplifies the therapeutic application in vitro of ITs, because it permits the use of different primary antibodies, singly or in mixtures, in conjunction with only one or a few general indirect ITs. In efforts to further improve the usefulness of the indirect method, other indirect ITs containing different toxin moieties are being examined. The possibility of employing the indirect principle in vivo is being explored. PMID- 3259267 TI - Activity of a monoclonal antibody-saporin-6 conjugate against B-lymphoma cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody reactive with the immunoglobulin heavy chain (TEC IgM) has been conjugated to saporin-6 (SAP), which is the major ribosome-inactivating protein from the seeds of the plant Saponaria officinalis. Studies with Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Bjab 113 demonstrate that this immunotoxin is capable of killing 3 logs (99.9%) of clonogenic lymphoma cells after a 2-hour incubation. The presence of human bone marrow inhibits the activity of the conjugate. However, full potency of TEC IgM-SAP immunotoxin is restored by adding 1 mM amantadine to the incubation medium. The reaction is highly specific and is inhibited by the presence of excess anti-mu-antibody or human serum. Clonal growth of other Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines is inhibited to a lesser extent by the immunotoxin. The presence of surface IgM on the different cell lines is directly correlated to target cell killing by TEC IgM-SAP. Isolation of Bjab 113 clones surviving treatment demonstrates that only a minority are truly resistant and that the others randomly escape the treatment. The highly potent and specific activity of this conjugate in the presence of bone marrow buffy coat and its exceptionally rapid onset of action make this conjugate a good candidate for the ex vivo elimination of neoplastic cells from the bone marrow of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. PMID- 3259266 TI - Failure of high-dose leucovorin to improve therapy with the maximally tolerated dose of 5-fluorouracil: a murine study with clinical relevance? AB - Almost all of the completed and ongoing phase III trials of the leucovorin/5 fluorouracil (LV/5-FU) combination have used either a single-agent 5-FU control arm in which the 5-FU was administered in a different schedule from the LV/5-FU arm or one in which the 5-FU was not at the maximally tolerated dose (MTD). Because both dose intensity and scheduling are known to affect drug activity, the LV/5-FU combination was evaluated in the preclinical CD8F1 murine model of advanced first-passage spontaneous breast tumors using the same dose (at MTD) and schedule for 5-FU alone and in the LV/5-FU combination arm. Overall, therapy with 5-FU at MTD was not improved by LV. Further, although the activity of 5-FU doses lower than the MTD could be increased by LV, the therapeutic result was comparable to that of single-agent 5-FU at MTD. In an evaluation with other modulators of 5-FU (e.g., uridine, PALA, methotrexate), therapy with various modulated 5-FU combinations at their MTD was not improved with LV. In conclusion, although LV can enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in these in vivo preclinical studies, it does not confer enhanced selectivity to 5-FU, a conclusion at odds with many present clinical reports. Whether or not these murine findings have clinical relevance can be determined only by clinical trials designed with the MTD of 5-FU alone in the control arm, the MTD of 5-FU (or as close as tolerated) in the LV/5-FU arm, and identical schedules in both arms. PMID- 3259268 TI - Altered leukocyte delivery to specific and nonspecific inflammatory skin lesions following burn injury. AB - This study assessed the effect of burn trauma on the in vivo leukocyte cell delivery during the first 24 hr of the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test reaction and a bacterial skin abscess. Inbred male Lewis rats sensitized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were given a 30% scald burn or sham burn. Three days later the animals were injected intradermally, at different sites, with 0.3 mg of KLH, 10(8) organisms of S. aureus 502A, and 0.1 cc of saline, at 2 to 24 hr. Leukocytes labelled with Indium111 oxine(leu111) were injected intravenously. In sham rats the peak leu111 influx in the DTH reaction occurred at 2-4 hr while in the abscess it was biphasic with peaks at 3 hr and 6-8 hr. In burn trauma rats there was a markedly increased leu111 peak at 2 hr in both the DTH and abscess reactions followed by a significantly lower than normal leu111 delivery in the late (6-24) hours. This marked early leukocyte influx in burned rats was paralleled by a reduced DTH skin test lesion (8.2 +/- 1.1 mm to 4.2 +/- 1.1 mm) and an increased bacterial abscess (5.1 +/- 1.1 mm to 8.1 +/- 0.9 mm) post burn. There was a direct correlation between leukocyte cell delivery to a DTH reaction and a bacterial abscess (r8 = 0.69, Spearman rank; p less than 0.001). We conclude that burn trauma results in altered leukocyte delivery to inflammatory lesions and the DTH response can be used to assess the ability of a burn trauma host to recruit leukocytes at a site of infection. PMID- 3259269 TI - Chylothorax causing reversible T-cell depletion. AB - Study of a patient with traumatic chylothorax after blunt chest trauma defines the changes in cellular immunocompetence during nonoperative management and emphasizes the importance of defining these parameters in addition to documenting the effects of metabolic deterioration. PMID- 3259270 TI - Empirical diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3259271 TI - Ceftriaxone in Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. PMID- 3259272 TI - Bleeding in a patient receiving warfarin and ketoprofen. PMID- 3259274 TI - [Changes in the immunologic reactivity of the body in peritonitis]. PMID- 3259273 TI - Study on polymorphonucleocytal elastase-alpha 1-protease inhibitor complex in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). AB - The purpose of the present study is to determine polymorphonucleocytal elastase alpha 1-protease inhibitor complex in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in order to investigate the clinical significance of the increased complex in BALF. BALF was collected by the usual method using a bronchial fiberscope and concentrated 5-10 folds by Amicon UM-2 ultrafiltration. Determination of the complex in BALF and plasma was made in accordance with the method of Neumann et al. The level of complex (microgram/mg albumin, mean value) in BALF was 0.38 in healthy non-smokers (n = 5), 3.14 in healthy smokers (n = 6), 5.61 in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 9) and 1.78 in the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (n = 15), that is, higher in healthy smokers and COPD and IPF patients. The ratio of the complex in BALF vs plasma was higher in healthy smokers and in COPD patients than in healthy non smokers. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the level of this complex in BALF and the number of PMN in BLAF (r = 0.68, p less than 0.01). From the above it was assumed that the release of elastase from PMN is progressed in the lower airway of smokers and COPD patients. PMID- 3259275 TI - [Status of systemic and local immunity in patients with non-confined peritonitis]. PMID- 3259276 TI - Spontaneous corneal degeneration in the rat. AB - Superficial punctate opacities were observed in the palpebral aperture region of the cornea of Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats of both sexes and varying ages, but they were not observed in Lewis rats. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy localized the opacities in the subepithelial corneal stroma. Electron microscopy demonstrated 0.1-2.0 micron granules at the stromal-epithelial interface and in the adjacent stroma. Smaller granules, consisting of aggregates of amorphous granular material, were associated with bundles of filaments among collagen fibers. Larger granules were located adjacent to and sometimes straddle the epithelial basement membrane. The overlying epithelial cells were displaced, but otherwise appeared normal. Large granules consisted of layered dark and light electron dense rings and appeared in some instances to represent fusing of smaller granules. This rat keratopathy bears certain resemblance to granular dystrophy of man (Groenouw's Type I), but histochemically is dissimilar. PMID- 3259277 TI - Release of interleukin-2-like material by B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. An autocrine or paracrine model of production and utilization? AB - In a series of untreated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B CLL), the capacity of the neoplastic B-cell population to release an interleukin 2 like factor (IL-2lf) was assessed. While unstimulated purified leukemic B-cells showed no IL-2lf production, in 16 of the 27 cases tested (59.2%) significant amounts of IL-2lf (4.3-125 U) were released following activation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA). In seven further cases (25.9%), small quantities of IL-2lf (0.2 1.7 U) were detected, while only in four (14.8%) no release was found. In 11 of the 20 cases (55%), PHA alone was also capable of inducing the production of limited amounts of IL-2lf (0.4-8 U). Only small amounts were released from B lymphocytes isolated from normal tonsils both with PHA and PHA plus TPA. Further purification using a fluorescence activated cell sorter suggests that the IL-2lf is truly produced by leukemic B cells and blocking experiments with the PC-61 monoclonal antibody indicate that IL-2lf and IL-2 use the same cell membrane receptor. However, co-cultures of leukemic B cells with small amounts of autologous or allogeneic T lymphocytes enhanced the amount of IL-2lf released into the supernatant to values markedly higher than those released by T- or B cells alone. Unlike normal B lymphocytes, unstimulated purified leukemic B cells from 17 out of 23 B-CLL cases (73.9%) were capable of absorbing variable amounts of exogenous IL-2. In addition, in six of the 11 cases tested (54.5%) IL-2 alone was capable of producing a 2-4 fold increase of thymidine uptake. In six out of eight cases (75%), a 2-5 fold enhancement of the proliferative response was observed when the leukemic B cells were co-stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC) and IL-2. Moreover, when the cells were pre-activated with SAC or with PHA plus TPA and then further stimulated with IL-2, a 2-20 fold increase in proliferative response was found in the majority of cases studied. These findings indicate that elevated quantities of IL-2lf may be released in B-CLL particularly due to the B- and T cell interconnections, and that the leukemic B cells appear capable of absorbing IL-2 and of proliferating after costimulation with IL 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3259278 TI - A monoclonal antibody with reaction spectrum covering acute leukemia and T lineage cells. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody (MA-10) was raised using cells of a patient with AML (M2). MA-10 reacted with leukemic cells in 44 out of 60 AML cases. Intense reaction was observed especially in 32/38 cases with M1 and M2, as well as 9/9 with common ALL and 2/2 with T-ALL. No appreciable reaction was observed with mature blood cells with only exception of T cells. In-vitro addition of MA-10 did not affect the growth of GM-CFC and BFU-e from two patients with CML in chronic phase. MA-10 identified three polypeptides of approximate mol. wt of 74,000, 50,000 and 30,000. PMID- 3259279 TI - Chromosome analysis of 30 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Karyotype analysis is now a routine procedure in the clinical evaluation of leukaemia because of its value in diagnosis and prognosis. This is not yet so for lymphoma because the relative paucity of data available has prevented an evaluation of its usefulness. We therefore karyotyped 30 unselected cases of non Hodgkin's lymphoma and six controls with reactive hyperplasia. All cases were karyotyped 'blind' to diagnosis; all were classified by immunohistopathology and 29 were analysed before treatment. This is one of the four largest cytogenetic studies to be reported of untreated, immunotyped patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Chromosome abnormalities were observed in 29/30 tumour samples. The only rearrangement observed more than once was the 14;18 translocation. The combined results of this study and others indicate that while there are no unique associations between histological sub-types and chromosome rearrangements in untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, some partial specificity does exist. PMID- 3259280 TI - Electrocardiographic alterations induced by repeated electrical stimulation of the heart at low intensity. AB - Repeated, low-intensity electrical stimulation of the heart gradually leads to the development of electrocardiographic abnormalities that culminate in cardiac arrhythmias, mainly A-V block in the isolated heart frog and ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in the canine heart in situ. The pattern of development of these alterations shows some characteristics similar to the kindling phenomenon. Blockade of adrenergic influences on the heart offered complete protection against the development of cardiac arrhythmias. These results support the idea that a kindling-like effect can be induced by the periodic electrical stimulation of structures other than the CNS. PMID- 3259281 TI - The thyroid in end-stage renal disease. AB - Previous studies of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) indicate that the prevalence of goiter varies from 0 to 58% while that of hypothyroidism ranges from 0 to 9.5%. In addition, altered serum thyroid hormone levels are present in euthyroid patients with ESRD and may be related to nonthyroidal disorders including malnutrition. To examine these issues further, 306 patients with ESRD were compared to 139 hospitalized patients without renal disease (control population). Goiter was present in 43% with ESRD compared to 6.7% of controls (P less than 0.001). Goiter frequency was greater (49.6%, P = 0.047) and serum parathyroid hormone levels higher (mean: 238.6 microlitersEq/ml, P less than 0.001; normal: less than 15 microlitersEq/ml) in 115 patients dialyzed for longer than 1 year than in 191 dialyzed for less than 1 year or not at all (38.7%, and 61.5 microlitersEq/ml, respectively). In addition, goiter was more common in females (50.0%) than in males (35.1%, P = 0.008) with ESRD. No significant relationships were observed between goiter frequency and age, race, diabetes mellitus, or elevated antimicrosomal antibody titers. The prevalence of primary hypothyroidism was higher in ESRD (2.6%) than in 2122 in- and out-patients (1.1%) (P = 0.024). Compared to the total group of ESRD patients, the hypothyroid patients were predominantly female (88% vs. 50%) and had a higher frequency of positive antimicrosomal antibody titers (50% vs. 6.7%, P = 0.029). The frequency of hyperthyroidism was not significantly different, being 1.0% in ESRD compared to 0.3% in the general population (P = 0.057). There was a higher frequency of reduced free T4 index values in the 287 euthyroid patients with ESRD (12.9%) than in controls (3.6%) (P = 0.002). Similarly, free T3 index values were reduced below 100 in 65.5% with ESRD compared to 33.8% of controls (P less than 0.001). In addition, serum albumin levels were lower in euthyroid patients with ESRD (3.5 g/dl, P less than 0.001) than in controls (3.8 g/dl). Serum T3 levels correlated directly with both serum albumin (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001) and transferrin (r = 0.54, P less than 0.001) levels in ESRD as well as in controls (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001, and r = 0.69, P less than 0.001, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3259282 TI - Effects of unilateral, low-frequency, neuromuscular stimulation on superficial circulation in lower extremities of patients with peripheral vascular disease. AB - The effects of unilateral, low-frequency, neuromuscular stimulation on the circulation in skin of the lower extremities were studied in eight subjects with peripheral vascular disease and eight control subjects with normal peripheral vasculature. Sixty minutes of stimulation (at 2 Hz), of sufficient intensity to produce visible contraction of musculature, was applied through cutaneous electrodes placed over the common peroneal nerve and dorsum of the foot. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, bilateral great-toe photoplethysmographic waveform, and bilateral pedal skin temperature were recorded at 30-min intervals during stimulation and 30 min after stimulation. Mean differences in recordings before and after stimulation were then calculated for each parameter, showing in subjects with peripheral vascular disease significant increases of 5.3 +/- 2.1 mm and 0.5 +/- 0.1 degree C for ipsilateral photoplethysmographic waveform amplitude and pedal skin temperature, respectively. Mean differences for the remaining parameters were not significant. Recorded parameters in the control group did not change after stimulation. These results demonstrate that low-frequency, neuromuscular stimulation produces regional cutaneous vasodilation in subjects with peripheral vascular disease. No evidence of generalized vasodilation after neuromuscular stimulation was found. PMID- 3259283 TI - Radiographic abnormalities and duration of employment in Western Australian iron ore miners. AB - Plain chest radiographs of 788 Pilbara iron-ore miners from Western Australia have been examined by two independent observers for evidence of pneumoconiosis. The prevalence of any radiographic abnormality (a profusion grade of 0/1 or greater on the International Labour Office [ILO] scale) was 6.7% for Reader 1 and 9.9% for Reader 2. The prevalence of a definite radiographic abnormality (a profusion grade of 1/0 or greater on the ILO scale) was 1.9% for Reader 1 and 2.8% for Reader 2. The prevalence of any abnormality, as identified by either or by both observers, was significantly related to age. The relationship between a radiographic abnormality and the duration of employment was less clear. The results indicate a need for more detailed and comprehensive studies of the effects of iron-ore dust in this industry. PMID- 3259284 TI - Temporary total heart bypass using a vortex centrifugal pump. PMID- 3259285 TI - Effects of cytidine analogs on methylation of DNA and retrovirus induction. AB - Several cytidine analogs with known mutagenic capability were tested for their effects on DNA methylation and on induction of endogenous murine retrovirus. For each of the compounds tested it was found that DNA methylation was inhibited at the same concentrations that were required to induce virus expression. With each compound it was observed that increased dose levels produced an increase in the ability to inhibit methylation and an increase in the ability to induce virus. PMID- 3259286 TI - Clinical and immunologic effects of monthly administration of intravenous cyclophosphamide in severe systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Severe systemic lupus erythematosus affecting the kidney or central nervous system may lead to organ failure or death despite treatment with high doses of corticosteroids. To evaluate the clinical and immunologic effects of intravenous cyclophosphamide in this setting, we treated nine patients with monthly intravenous infusions of cyclophosphamide for six months. A comparison of characteristics at entry and follow-up revealed improvements (by paired t-test) in creatinine clearance (66 vs. 96 ml per minute, P less than 0.001); 24-hour urinary protein level (4.11 vs. 0.90 g, P less than 0.05), Farr anti-DNA titer (43 vs. 8.5 percent, P less than 0.01); complement components C3 (894 vs. 1150 mg per liter, P less than 0.05), C4 (154 vs. 222 mg per liter, P less than 0.05), and total complement activity (CH50) (88.7 vs. 113.4 IU, P less than 0.05); and Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate (60.2 vs. 34.4 mm per hour, P less than 0.0005). Other manifestations of lupus improved markedly in most cases, despite a reduction in the mean daily dose of prednisone, from 45 mg at entry to 17 mg at follow-up (P less than 0.01). The numbers of lymphocytes positive for T3, T4, T8, and B1 declined progressively during treatment. At follow-up, persistent decreases were observed in the T-lymphocyte subsets, whereas the absolute number of B lymphocytes had returned to levels near base line. T-cell proliferative responses at follow-up were not significantly different from entry values, except that the response to mitogenic anti-T11 (CD2) antibodies was decreased (P less than 0.01). Our data indicate that monthly intravenous administration of cyclophosphamide was associated with a substantial amelioration of severe systemic lupus, in conjunction with discrete changes in T-lymphocyte markers and T-cell function. This was a preliminary, uncontrolled study, but the results warrant further investigation of this form of treatment. PMID- 3259287 TI - Association of antibody to histone complex H2A-H2B with symptomatic procainamide induced lupus. AB - Antinuclear antibodies develop in most patients who are given prolonged procainamide therapy, but clinical symptoms resembling those of lupus appear in only 15 to 20 percent of such persons. No objective marker for symptomatic procainamide-induced lupus has been described. However, IgG antibodies to the histone complex H2A-H2B have previously been reported in this disorder, and it has been suggested that antiguanosine antibodies may be a marker for major manifestations of procainamide-induced lupus. We therefore tested for these antibodies in 20 symptomatic and 31 asymptomatic patients treated with procainamide. Most of the symptomatic patients had multiple manifestations of drug-induced lupus; resolution of symptoms after the discontinuation of procainamide was required for inclusion in the symptomatic group. All 20 symptomatic patients had elevated IgG antibodies to H2A-H2B, in contrast to only 2 asymptomatic patients (P less than 0.001). This activity was absent in patients not treated with procainamide and in patients with lupus induced by hydralazine or quinidine. IgG antiguanosine was elevated as compared with normal controls in 13 of 20 symptomatic and 19 of 31 asymptomatic patients--a finding that did not distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. We conclude that IgG antibodies to H2A-H2B are a sensitive and specific marker for procainamide induced lupus. The striking correlation between antibodies to H2A-H2B and symptomatic disease suggests a possible association between this antibody and the underlying pathogenic events. PMID- 3259288 TI - Drug-related lupus. PMID- 3259289 TI - Tumor necrosis factor in humans. PMID- 3259290 TI - Development of CD4-CD8+ cytotoxic T cells requires interactions with class I MHC determinants. AB - Differentiation of bone marrow derived precursors into mature T cells takes place in the thymus. During differentiation, T cells develop the receptor repertoire which allows them to recognize antigen in the context of self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Mature T helper cells (mostly CD4+ CD8-) recognize antigen in the context of class II MHC molecules, whereas cytotoxic T cells (mostly CD4-CD8+) recognize antigen in the context of class I MHC determinants. Thymic MHC-encoded determinants greatly influence the selection of the T-cell receptor repertoire. In addition to positive selection, a negative selection to eliminate self-reactive T-cell clones is thought to occur in the thymus, but how this 'education' occurs is not well understood. It has been suggested that during differentiation an interaction between the T-cell receptor (TCR) and MHC-encoded determinants occurs, leading to the selection of an MHC restricted receptor repertoire. In support of this hypothesis, class-II-specific, CD4+ CD8- helper T cells fail to develop in mice neonatally treated with anti class II monoclonal antibody (mAb). As CD4-CD8+ cells differ from the CD4+ CD8- lineage (in function, MHC-restriction specificity and perhaps site of education) we examined whether interactions with MHC determinants are also necessary for the development of class-I-specific T cells. Here we show that mice chronically treated with anti-class I mAb from birth lack CD4-CD8+ cells and cytotoxic T-cell precursors, indicating that most CD4-CD8+ T cells need interaction with class I MHC molecules during differentiation. PMID- 3259291 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus induces phosphorylation of its cell surface receptor. AB - AIDS is an immunoregulatory disorder characterized by depletion of the CD4+, helper/inducer lymphocyte population. The causative agent of this disease is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, which infects CD4+ cells and leads to cytopathic effects characterized by syncytia formation and cell death. Recent studies have demonstrated that binding of HIV to its cellular receptor CD4 is necessary for viral entry. We find that binding of HIV to CD4 induces rapid and sustained phosphorylation of CD4 which could involve protein kinase C. HIV induced CD4 phosphorylation can be blocked by antibody against CD4 and monoclonal antibody against the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120, indicating that a specific interaction between CD4 and gp120 is required for phosphorylation. Electron microscopy shows that a protein kinase C inhibitor does not impair binding of HIV to CD4+ cells, but causes an apparent accumulation of virus particles at the cell surface, at the same time inhibiting viral infectivity. These results indicate a possible role for HIV-induced CD4 phosphorylation in viral entry and identify a potential target for antiviral therapy. PMID- 3259292 TI - Stereoisomers of calcium antagonists discriminate between coronary vascular and myocardial sites. AB - In the retrogradely perfused, paced rat heart, we studied the effects of the stereoisomers of verapamil (VER), gallopamil (GAL), devapamil (DEV) and bepridil (BEP) on the coronary flow and the maximum systolic left ventricular pressure (MSLVP). In addition, the time courses of onset and recovery of these effects were measured. The verapamil analogues showed high stereoselectivity factors (sf) for MSLVP depression in favour of the (-)-enantiomers and low sf's for coronary flow increase. Bepridil showed a low sf for both parameters with the (+) enantiomer being more potent. In a previous study we found that in the rat heart, dihydropyridine calcium antagonists clearly possess high selectivity for the vascular isochannel site as compared to the myocardial site, whereas racemic verapamil derivatives were devoid of such selectivity. In the present study the (+)-enantiomers of all verapamil congeners revealed a marked vasoselectivity. This was not found for the (-)-isomers, which surprisingly were virtually equipotent for MSLV depression and coronary flow increase, suggesting a different voltage dependence of the two isochannel verapamil sites for the enantiomers of verapamil and its congeners. Onset and offset velocities were clearly different as well. The kinetics of coronary flow increase were identical and fast for all enantiomers studied. MSLV kinetics were slower. In particular the recovery was markedly different for the enantiomers of each drug, the more potent isomer having the lower velocity. Furthermore, the differences in recovery of MSLVP depression between the verapamil type enantiomers suggest that the recovery rate may directly reflect dissociation from the myocardial isochannel verapamil site. PMID- 3259293 TI - [Effects of neurostimulation on the reversibility of neuronal function: experience of treatment for vegetative status]. AB - Developments in the diagnostic procedures, microsurgical techniques, intensive care, and the social rescue system have lowered the mortality in cerebrovascular diseases, head injuries and other emergencies of neurology and neurosurgery. However, this decreased mortality has given rise to a new social and medical problem i.e. vegetative status, which is an increase in the number of people who live on with mild or severe residual neurological deficits. During the last two years, we have used dorsal column stimulation (DCS) for improving spasticity of hemiplegics. While doing so, we incidentally found an improvement in the EEG in some of the cases. This led us to use dorsal column stimulation in cases of vegetative status. In this paper, we describe methodology and our experience with ten cases of vegetative status. All cases satisfied the definition of "vegetative status" and had received medical treatment for more than 3 months prior to DCS without showing any clinical improvement. A neurostimulator made by "Medtronic Neuro" was used. The neurostimulator was implanted in epidural space, in midline, at C-2 level under general anaesthesia. Video recording of clinical conditions, EEG, rCBF and catecholamine metabolism in CSF at regular intervals were monitored to see the efficacy of this treatment. RESULT: 1) There was an improvement in the EEG in nine cases out of ten cases after neurostimulation. This was in the form of appearance of more wide spread alpha-waves, and was noticed between 3 to 14 days after starting the neurostimulation. 2) Four of these cases showed good clinical improvement. In the other four cases there was slight clinical improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259294 TI - Human brain calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is concentrated in the locus caeruleus. AB - A quantitative survey of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in brain, peripheral nerve and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed using radioimmunoassay (RIA) with antiserum against synthetic hCGRP. High levels (approximately 2000-15,000 fmol/mg protein) were found in the dorsal spinal cord, dorsal nerve and trigeminal nerve. Relatively large amounts (500-2000) were found in parts of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, peripheral nerve and, for the first time, in the locus caeruleus. Low levels of CGRP (less than 500) were detected in the cerebrum, subcortical nuclei and cerebellum. CGRP, not previously reported in CSF, was detectable in all of 27 CSF specimens with mean values of 30 +/- 4.5 pmol/L (SE). Simultaneous plasma CGRP levels were higher and, when elevated by antihypertensive treatment were not increased in CSF, just as astronomical plasma levels of calcitonin in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid are not reflected in CSF. Our data confirm and extend the results of previous human and animal studies with evidence of species variation: humans have low CGRP levels in subcortical nuclei whereas high levels have been found in rat caudate-putamen and amygdala. The high level of CGRP in the locus caeruleus, the major source of noradrenergic neurotransmission in the CNS, is in harmony with the presumed functions of the LC and the very potent hemodynamic activity of CGRP. PMID- 3259295 TI - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonian syndrome in Macaca fascicularis: which midbrain dopaminergic neurons are lost? AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces, in both human and non-human primates, a syndrome very similar to idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The syndrome is associated with degeneration of the dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra, many of which project to the neostriatum. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the regional distribution of midbrain dopamine neurons remaining after MPTP administration to the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) and to develop alternative procedures for maintaining the normal nutrition in MPTP-treated animals. Three monkeys were treated with MPTP and three served as controls. Representative sections were examined from rostral to caudal through the midbrain dopamine cell nuclei and the location of every tyrosine hydroxylase containing cell was entered into a computer. Midbrain dopamine neuronal cell loss ranged from 36-78%, being most extensive in the two monkeys which exhibited the most severe parkinsonian syndrome. The greatest cell loss (46-93%) occurred in the substantia nigra pars compacta, or nucleus A9, and the loss was primarily in the ventral portion of the nucleus. Contrary to most previous reports, however, there was also a loss of cells in the ventral tegmental area (28-57%) and ventral reticular formation (33-87%), corresponding to nuclei A10 and A8, respectively. Since neuroanatomical tracing studies have shown that the dorsal and lateral portions of the striatum (areas showing the greatest dopamine depletion after MPTP) receive input from cells in the ventral A9 and from cells in the A8 and A10 areas, the present data suggest that MPTP preferentially destroys dopamine cells that project to the striatum (i.e. the mesostriatal cells). PMID- 3259296 TI - Longitudinal studies of regional cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Measurement of cerebral glucose metabolism in six patients with Alzheimer's disease using positron emission tomography demonstrated that hypometabolism remained relatively more severe in parietal cortex than in frontal cortex over time. Lateral metabolic asymmetries were preserved in less severely involved brain regions, but were less stable in parietal cortex. PMID- 3259297 TI - [Acute digestive hemorrhage caused by post-prosthetic aortoduodenal fistula]. PMID- 3259298 TI - [Efficacy of epidural neurostimulation in the treatment of chronic peripheral arteriopathies]. PMID- 3259299 TI - [Anaerobic vaginosis]. AB - The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases has increased in recent years. Anaerobic vaginosis, caused by Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria after subversion of the normal vaginal flora has only recently been the subject of specific studies using improved laboratory techniques. PMID- 3259300 TI - Neurotoxic effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion on dopaminergic neurons of the retina of goldfish. AB - Dopaminergic neurons of the goldfish retina were selectively destroyed after a single intravitreal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). The ultrastructural analysis of the retina 3 days after toxin administration shows darkening of some retinal neurons present in the inner nuclear layer including their cytoplasmic processes. Both uptake and release of dopamine were reduced in the toxin-injected retina, whereas choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activities, as well as the uptake of D-[3H]aspartate were not affected. PMID- 3259301 TI - [Sorption of a macrophage factor inducing functional thymocyte transformation on cells of organs of various sources]. AB - When the macrophages and thymocytes are jointly incubated, mononuclear phagocytes produce a humoral factor which induces the functional transformation of thymocytes promoting their differentiation into more mature cells. The factor was provisionally called FIT (factor of induction of thymocytes). The data are provided on adsorption of the factor under study on cells of different organ origin. Thymocytes adsorb the FIT in proportion with the cell concentration and time of interaction between the factor and thymocytes. The FIT was shown to be adsorbed only on the T-cells. It is suggested that the differential sorption of the FIT is due to the presence of the FIT receptors only on T-lymphocytes. PMID- 3259302 TI - Reversible dependence on growth factor interleukin-3 in myeloid cells expressing temperature sensitive v-abl oncogene. AB - Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) has been shown to abrogate the requirement for growth factor interleukin-3 (IL-3) in a variety of hematopoietic cell lineages by a non-autocrine mechanism. By infecting an IL-3 dependent myeloid cell line, FDC-P1, with A-MuLV containing temperature sensitive tyrosine kinase mutants of the v-abl oncogene, cell lines with temperature sensitive IL-3 independence phenotype were established. At the permissive temperature, cells expressing the ts oncogenes contained 20 fold higher levels of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins than uninfected cells and were completely IL-3 independent. When shifted to the restrictive temperature, ts A-MuLV infected cells still contained 5 to 10 fold higher levels of phosphotyrosine but became dependent on IL-3 for growth. These results demonstrate that the maintenance of A MuLV induced IL-3 independence requires the continuous function of the v-abl oncogene. PMID- 3259303 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b osteomyelitis in infants and children. AB - Haemophilus influenzae type b has rarely been implicated as a pathogen of osteomyelitis in infants and children. Sixteen cases of Haemophilus osteomyelitis were identified in a 28-year review, representing 4.4% of all cases during that period. In the 1 to 24 months age group, H. influenzae type b caused 13.3% of all cases of osteomyelitis. The mean age was 15 months (range, 12 days to 34 months). All cases had fever, 75% had a history of a preceding respiratory tract infection, 75% had localized swelling, 69% had decreased range of motion of the affected or adjacent joint, 38% had local erythema and 13% had localized tenderness. The lower extremities were involved more often than the upper limbs. Concurrent adjacent suppurative arthritis was present in 75% and meningitis in 19% of patients. Clinical resolution was satisfactory in all but two of our patients, and both were associated with suppurative arthritis and inadequate surgical drainage. PMID- 3259304 TI - Acetaminophen prophylaxis for diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis immunization. PMID- 3259305 TI - Infants and children with convulsions and hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes following diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization: follow-up evaluation. AB - In a prior prospective study, we evaluated the nature and rates of adverse reactions occurring within 48 hours following 15,752 diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunizations. Nine children had convulsions, and nine had hypotonic hyporesponsive episodes. After an interval of 6 to 7 years, we were successful in contacting the families of 16 of these children to determine whether any had evidence of neurologic impairment too subtle to have been detected at the time of initial evaluation. All 16 were considered normal by their parents and were doing well in school. A complete neurologic and psychometric evaluation was performed on 13 of these children. No child had significant neurologic deficit, although four had minor neurologic abnormalities. Psychometric testing revealed normal performance IQ scores (104.3 +/- 15.8) but low verbal IQ scores (91.8 +/- 18.4); however, these lower verbal IQ scores can be explained by the proportion of Hispanic and bilingual children in this sample. Therefore, there is no evidence that any of these 16 children have any serious neurologic damage as a result of a convulsion or a hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode temporally associated with a prior diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization. PMID- 3259306 TI - Worldwide experience in newborn screening for classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - The need for a reliable screening test for classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia prompted development of newborn screening programs. Worldwide incidence of classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia in this report was taken from newborn screening programs in France, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Scotland, and the United States. Two populations in which the occurrence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia among live births has been reported with greater than usual frequency are the Yupik Eskimos of southwestern Alaska (1:282) and the people of La Reunion, France (1:2,141). Aside from these populations, 1,093,310 newborns were screened between 1980 and 1988, of whom 77 had congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Thus, worldwide incidence of this disorder was estimated at 1:14,199 live births for homozygous patients, 1:60 for heterozygous subjects, with a gene frequency of 0.0083. Incidence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia among whites was estimated to be 1:11,909 (41:488,279) for homozygous patients, 1:55 for heterozygous subjects with a gene frequency of 0.0091. Incidence for the salt wasting form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia was 1:18,850 (58:1,093,310) compared with 1:57,543 (19:1,093,310) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the simple virilizing form. Thus, salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia was three times more common than simple virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Estimated incidence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in white populations in Italy and France (1:10,866) was higher than in Scotland (1:17,098), New Zealand (1:14,500). The incidence in an Asian population (Japan) (1:15,800) did not differ significantly from that of the white population. In four of five populations, overall incidence was higher than previously reported, as was the frequency of the salt-wasting form (75% v 50% to 66%), suggesting improved case detection by newborn screening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259307 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines: lessons for the future. PMID- 3259308 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines: lessons from the past. PMID- 3259309 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases: Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. PMID- 3259310 TI - What is 'significant' and DTP reactions. PMID- 3259311 TI - Cloning and characterization of the rabbit lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) gene and its tight linkage to the gene coding for tumor necrosis factor. PMID- 3259312 TI - Positron versus single-photon ECT or PET complementing SPECT? What can be done with PET beyond research? Make PET go bedside! PMID- 3259313 TI - Combined SPECT imaging of regional cerebral blood flow (99mTc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime, HMPAO) and blood volume (99mTc-RBC) to assess regional cerebral perfusion reserve in patients with cerebrovascular disease. AB - In 53 patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD), regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood volume (CBV) were imaged by SPECT within one session. Slice division (CBF: CBV) yielded distribution of regional cerebral perfusion reserve (CPR). Semiquantitative evaluation was obtained from manually set ROIs by interhemispherical ratios (for CBF, CBV and CPR), using 2 SD from a normal group (n = 10) as a threshold. Sensitivities were 59% for CBF, 94% for CBV and 83% for CPR. Combined sensitivity was 98%. Establishing three constellations for CBF, CBV and CPR, regionally normal CBFs but quantitatively increased CBVs (+69%) and decreased CPRs (-31%) were found in relatively early stages of CVD. Very advanced cases showed decreased CBFs (-65%), CBVs (-40%), CPRs (-49%) and a surrounding penumbra. In 87% (46/53 patients), such rheologically postulated constellations could be demonstrated. We conclude that combined CBF and CBV SPECT, assisted by CPR images, is a promising tool to detect CVD and to assess its individual regional severity. PMID- 3259314 TI - Maternal stresses and depressive symptoms: correlates of behavior problems in young children. AB - In a sample of 115 mothers of 5- and 6-year-old children maternal everyday stressors, stressful life events, and maternal depressive symptoms were compared with mothers' reports of children's behavior problems. Maternal depressive symptoms did not mediate the relationship between either form of stress and child behavior problems. Maternal everyday stressors were more strongly associated with child behavior problems than were life events. Children of mothers indicating a high level of everyday stressors were 13 times more likely to be rated as having behavior problems than children of mothers reporting a low level of everyday stressors. The best prediction of mothers' reports of children's behavioral problems was provided by maternal everyday stressors and stressful life events considered simultaneously. PMID- 3259315 TI - A mixed method approach for using cross-sectional data for longitudinal inferences. PMID- 3259316 TI - Patient and spouse learning needs during recovery from coronary artery bypass. PMID- 3259317 TI - Interleukin 3 stimulates proliferation via protein kinase C activation without increasing inositol lipid turnover. AB - Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is required for the survival and proliferation of the FDCP Mix 1 multipotent stem cell line. IL-3 or phorbol esters can rapidly translocate protein kinase C from a cytosolic to a membrane-bound form in these cells. Phorbol esters were able to partially replace the requirement of FDCP-Mix 1 cells for IL-3. Down-modulation of protein kinase C levels by chronic treatment with phorbol ester markedly reduced the ability of the cells to proliferate in response to either IL-3 or phorbol esters. These data indicate that IL-3 can activate protein kinase C, leading to the survival and proliferation of stem cells. Protein kinase C is activated conventionally by complexing with diacylglycerol which accumulates in the cell membrane after agonist-stimulated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]. However, there was no detectable breakdown of PtdIns(4,5)P2 when IL-3 was added to FDCP Mix 1 cells, nor was there detectable accumulation of inositol phosphates in response to IL-3. In contrast, rapid hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and accumulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate was elicited by readdition of horse serum to serum-starved cells, thus indicating that these cells possess the necessary machinery to undergo agonist-mediated inositol phospholipid breakdown. We conclude that the mechanism whereby IL-3 can activate protein kinase C leading to proliferation is not associated with inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. PMID- 3259319 TI - Identification of murine nuclear proteins that bind to the conserved octamer sequence of the immunoglobulin promoter region. AB - Sequence-specific DNA-affinity chromatography was used to purify a nuclear protein from the B-cell leukemia cell line BCL1 that specifically binds to the octamer sequence ATTTGCAT, previously shown to be important in the regulation of immunoglobulin genes. This protein has a molecular mass of approximately 70 kDa and is responsible for the protein-DNA interaction specific to lymphoid cells. Other proteins of molecular mass 80-90 kDa and 50-55 kDa that specifically bind to the octamer sequence were also identified. These results demonstrate that the octamer is recognized by several biochemically distinct nuclear proteins, perhaps to differentially regulate the expression of immunoglobulin genes. PMID- 3259318 TI - A conserved sequence in the T-cell receptor beta-chain promoter region. AB - The antigen-specific receptors of T and B lymphocytes are distinct, though structurally related, molecules. During development, lymphoid cells assemble functional variable (V) region genes for each receptor chain from separate multimember gene families by somatic DNA rearrangements of individual germ-line segments. Transcription may play a role in regulating the tissue and stage specificity of these rearrangements by controlling the accessibility of germ-line loci to the recombinational machinery. Immunoglobulin V-region genes are transcribed from tissue-specific promoters that have been well characterized. We report here the characterization of 14 T-cell receptor beta-chain V-region gene promoters. Sequence analysis indicates that these promoters do not contain the conserved octamer that is located upstream of all immunoglobulin genes. However, a unique decanucleotide sequence, not present in immunoglobulin genes, is conserved in the promoter region of murine and human V beta genes. We identify this sequence as a potential regulatory element, based on its position, conservation, and sequence homology to sites known to bind transcription activating factors. The possibility that the distinct structures of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene promoters may contribute to the tissue specific rearrangement and expression of receptor gene families is discussed. PMID- 3259320 TI - Toward an objective classification of cells in the immune system. AB - The relative abundance of individual proteins shared among clones of lymphocytes provides a meaningful basis for cellular classification. Twelve clones of T cells (obtained by limiting dilution) were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for polypeptide content and then evaluated by the computational technique known as principal component analysis. As a result, relatedness of the clones was established and expressed in terms of taxonomic distances. The data show that a comprehensive and objective classification of the cells involved in the immune system can be approached. PMID- 3259322 TI - [Aortic pseudoaneurysm secondary to aortocoronary bypass, operated on with success]. PMID- 3259321 TI - Cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus in T4 cells is linked to the last stage of virus infection. AB - A principal feature of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is depletion of T4 lymphocytes, which is partly due to a direct cytopathic effect of the virus. Both syncytial formation (viral-induced cell fusion) and premature cell death have been cited as the major cause for this phenomenon. By kinetic analysis of cell proliferation and cell lysis we show that the cytopathic effect correlates chiefly with virus production from infected cells, including giant syncytial cells. Most T4 cells were, at least transiently, infected by human immunodeficiency virus (human T-lymphotropic virus type IIIB strain); however, after phytohemagglutinin activation, only 10-30% of infected cells express virus (and die) at any one time, indicating that virus production, followed by cell killing, is linked to immune activation and cell differentiation. We also show that an interval exists before viral release, in which expression of viral antigens occurs on the cell surface, suggesting that infected cells are immunogenic before viral production. If so, they may induce a cell-mediated immune response that could minimize dissemination of human immunodeficiency virus, a possibility that has influenced our approaches to the development of a vaccine for prevention of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3259324 TI - Cytogenetics of preleukemic stages in experimental and human leukemogenesis. PMID- 3259323 TI - [Gastric lymphoma as a cause of upper digestive system hemorrhage]. PMID- 3259325 TI - [Treatment of Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis with cotrimoxazole in monotherapy]. AB - L. monocytogenes meningo-encephalitis are still a therapeutic problem, with most of the time a poor prognosis. In vitro, cotrimoxazole has about the same bactericidal activity as the ampicillin-aminoglycoside combination. So we treated 8 patients with L. M. meningoencephalitis with cotrimoxazole alone, with a mean duration of treatment of 13 days. All patients recovered without sequellae from their infectious episode. PMID- 3259326 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL) and malignant T-lymphoma of AIL type]. PMID- 3259327 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii: an atypical pseudotuberculous presentation]. PMID- 3259328 TI - [Epidemiological study on socio-psychological factors to affect the change in life style]. AB - A cohort with the general population of 5698 was established to clarify the association between individual life style and health. This study investigated the association between life style and socio-psychological factors by means of a cross-sectional study of 1005 males aged 30 to 59 years. The health practice index consisted of 5 health practices, 1) smoking 2) drinking 3) physical activity 4) Quetelet's index, and 5) sleep. The subjects were divided into two groups, group I (aged 30 to 44 years) and group II (aged 45 to 59 years). Path analysis was used to clarify the relationship between various socio-psychological factors relating to the health practice index. In group I, the health locus of control and perceived daily life stress were directly related to the health practice index. In group II, the only health locus of control was directly related to the health practice index. It was found that the social support network formed the basis of these two factors. These results suggested that it is very important to consider individual socio-psychological factors when promoting good health practice. PMID- 3259329 TI - [CT study of expansive processes in the cerebellopontile angle]. PMID- 3259331 TI - XXII Scandinavian Congress of Rheumatology. Reykjavik, Iceland, May 31-June 3, 1988. Abstracts. PMID- 3259330 TI - [Use of the polydactyly-luxation syndrome in rats for studying the interaction of the genome with teratogenic factors]. PMID- 3259332 TI - Steady state pharmacokinetics of naproxen in elderly rheumatics compared with young volunteers. AB - The elderly rheumatic patients and 7 healthy young persons received naproxen (Naprosyn, Syntex) 500 mg orally twice a day for 4 weeks. The serum concentrations were determined using mass fragmentography. After an initial 1,000 mg dose, no significant differences were found between the two groups in peak serum concentration, time to peak serum concentration, area below the serum concentration-time curve, volume of distribution, elimination half-life, or total body clearance of naproxen. At steady state, the median total through naproxen concentration was 50.5 mg/l in the elderly and 62.7 in the young (p = 0.08); the unbound concentration was 58 micrograms/l and 44 micrograms/l, respectively (p = 0.06). There was a significant inverse correlation between serum albumin and the free fraction of naproxen (R = -0.58, p = 0.01). The hepatic extraction ratio of naproxen is relatively low and it is suggested that the reduced protein binding in the elderly may conceal the age-related reduction in cellular activity. An estimated value of intrinsic clearance was reduced by 37% in the elderly patients. It is suggested to start naproxen at the lower end of its dose range in the elderly. PMID- 3259333 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and immunosuppression. PMID- 3259334 TI - Ion and water retention by permeabilized cells. AB - Nonionic detergents, Triton X-100 and Brij 58, removed, within 2-5 minutes, lipid membrane of suspended thymus lymphocytes and monolayer H-50 cells grown in culture. Studies of hydration, ionic asymmetry, and ionic and protein release kinetics were conducted on these membraneless cellular preparations. The hydration of nuclei isolated by Triton X-100 procedures appears to be influenced strongly by the monovalent ionic concentration of the buffer bathing the organelles. The putative monovalent ionic concentration of the cellular aqueous phase (i.e., 150 meq/L) caused nuclei to swell and coalesce. Monovalent ionic concentrations of 30 meq/L or less caused minimal changes in volume and in morphology. Triton X-100 treatment led to rapid mobilization and solubilization of membrane and cytoplasmic lipids and proteins, and the cellular potassium was reduced to very low levels. Brij 58 treatment of the lymphocytes for 5 minutes led to loss of membrane structure. Potassium, however, was retained at significant levels for over 10 minutes. Potassium and protein release kinetic studies in the H-50 monolayer cells following Brij treatment revealed that potassium and the detergent mobilized proteins may be co-compartmentalized and that 10 minutes or more are required before their release is completed. These results support the view that most of the potassium and "diffusible" proteins are not fully dissolved in the cellular water. Furthermore, the integrity of the membranes does not appear to be essential for the retention of the ions and the proteins. PMID- 3259335 TI - Early signal transduction by the antigen receptor without commitment to T cell activation. AB - The T lymphocyte antigen-receptor complex mediates antigen-specific cell activation, at least in part, through the production of inositolphospholipid derived second messengers. Little is known about how second messenger events, typically measured within minutes of ligand binding, eventually lead to distal biologic responses such as expression of lymphokine genes. Several monoclonal antibodies directed against the receptor complex were tested for their ability to elicit transmembrane signaling in the parental Jurkat line and in a somatic mutant (J.CaM1) with a deficient receptor function. One antibody elicited substantial early Ca2+ mobilization responses in both cells but was unable to promote expression of the interleukin-2 gene in J.CaM1. In J.CaM1 there was a diminished production of phosphatidylinositol second messengers, and the elevation in intracellular free Ca2+ was transient. Thus, short-term Ca2+ mobilization does not always indicate complete signal transmission and lead to a full cellular response. PMID- 3259336 TI - Cooperative neuro-otologic management of acoustic neuromas and other cerebellopontine angle tumors. AB - Over a recent 16-month period, 35 cerebellopontine angle tumors were removed at our institution by a surgical team consisting of one neurosurgeon and one otologist. Nineteen tumors were less than 2 cm in diameter and six were greater than 4 cm. There were 26 acoustic neuromas, six meningiomas, two epidermoid tumors, and a glossopharyngeal schwannoma. A suboccipital transmeatal approach was used in the majority of patients. There were no deaths. Thirty-two patients had an excellent outcome. Twenty-four patients had complete tumor removal (92% of the acoustic neuromas). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in all but one patient, who had nerve grafting intraoperatively and has partial recovery of function. Thirteen of the 24 patients who had auditory function retained some of it postoperatively. With current diagnostic techniques, combined with the neurosurgical and otologic team approach, the majority of patients with acoustic tumors of all sizes may expect a complete resection of the tumor with a good outcome. Certainly, early diagnosis and resection of smaller tumors will increase the likelihood that hearing will be preserved, thus providing impetus for aggressive diagnostic and surgical treatment of patients with these lesions. PMID- 3259337 TI - Comparison of propofol and thiopental for the induction of anesthesia. AB - We compared the safety, efficacy, and side effects of induction of anesthesia with propofol (2.5 mg/kg), a new intravenous agent, and thiopental (4.0 mg/kg) in 62 patients in American Society of Anesthesiologists class I or II. There was no significant difference between induction times for the propofol (40.0 +/- 2.0 sec) and thiopental (44.0 +/- 4.0 sec) groups. Propofol administration produced a significant fall (P less than .05) in systolic blood pressure (SBP), from 134.1 +/- 2.6 mm Hg before injection to 128.3 +/- 2.4, 118.2 +/- 2.7, and 114.4 +/- 2.8 mm Hg one, two, and three minutes after injection, respectively. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) fell significantly (P less than .05) during the three postinjection periods. Heart rate (HR) rose significantly (P less than .05), from 78.6 +/- 3.1 beats per minute before injection to 89.4 +/- 3.4 beats per minute one minute after injection. In patients given thiopental, SBP fell significantly (P less than .05), from 131.7 +/- 2.7 mm Hg before induction to 126.4 +/- 3.4 and 126.9 +/- 4.0 mm Hg two and three minutes after injection, respectively. The DBP did not change significantly in the thiopental group, but the HR rose significantly (P less than .05), from 73.3 +/- 2.8 beats per minute before injection to 83.9 +/- 3.0, 90.1 +/- 2.3, and 84.2 +/- 2.4 beats per minute one, two, and three minutes after injection, respectively. In 94% of patients given propofol, there were apneic periods of more than 60 seconds, compared to 50% in the thiopental group (P less than .05). There was a significant difference (P less than .05) between groups for the incidence of pain on injection; 31% of the patients receiving propofol had pain, compared to 3% of those receiving thiopental. PMID- 3259338 TI - Effect of coronary artery revascularization on left and right ventricular ejection fractions during rest and exercise. AB - We have reported a case of a 55-year-old man who had improvement of both left and right ventricular ejection fractions during rest and exercise after coronary revascularization. Ventricular performance was assessed using radionuclide angiography. Although coronary artery bypass grafting has previously been shown to improve left ventricular function, we believe this is the first report of improved right ventricular function after coronary revascularization. PMID- 3259339 TI - Gene encoding human p250 T-cell activation antigen maps to human chromosome 11. AB - Human p250 T-cell activation antigen detected by a monoclonal antibody, B1.19.2, is a single peptide antigen with a molecular weight of 250 kilodaltons and is classified serologically into cluster of differentiation, CDw26. Concordance between the presence of human chromosome 11 and the reactivity with B1.19.2 was demonstrated by chromosomal analysis of 23 clones derived from three hybrid series obtained from the fusion of human activated lymphocytes or T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and BW5147 mouse T-cell leukemic cells. The results indicated that the presence of chromosome 11 was essential for the expression of p250 T-cell activation antigen. Moreover, the gene for this antigen was assigned to chromosome 11pter----p11.2 by analysis of the hybrid clones retaining the translocated chromosome of 11. PMID- 3259340 TI - [Hemorrhage into a pancreatic pseudocyst with manifestations of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3259341 TI - [Intragastric sinusoidal modulated-current electrophoresis of cobamamide as a method in the pathogenetic therapy of chronic atrophic gastritis]. AB - Therapy of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis using intragastric SMC electrophoresis of cobamamide resulted in a marked clinical effect. Altogether 82 patients were investigated. Protein metabolism using I131-albumin and reparative regeneration (histochemical and electron microscopy methods) was studied in the course of treatment. A positive time course of protein metabolism determined by albumin and improvement of reparation of specialized epitheliocytes in the mucous membrane of the stomach were noted as a result of therapy. PMID- 3259342 TI - [Lipid peroxidation, collagen metabolism and cellular immunity indices of patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. AB - An increase in the activity of lipid peroxidation was established in patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. They were noted in parallel with marked disorders of indices of cellular immunity and collagen metabolism. The relationship between lipid peroxidation and the main pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis (the immunological ones and fibrosis formation) was established. PMID- 3259343 TI - Postpartum paraplegia due to spinal tuberculosis. PMID- 3259344 TI - Treatment of acute oesophageal variceal bleeding by transgastric ligation. PMID- 3259345 TI - Use of propofol in sheep. PMID- 3259347 TI - [Does the presence of HLA-B5 and B35 antigen signify a worse prognosis for Hodgkin's disease? Preliminary report]. PMID- 3259346 TI - Virus-lymphocyte interactions. IV. Molecular characterization of LCMV Armstrong (CTL+) small genomic segment and that of its variant, Clone 13 (CTL-). AB - Immunocompetent adult mice mount a vigorous cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against the Armstrong (ARM) 53b strain of LCMV after primary inoculation. In contrast, the Clone 13 variant of ARM 53b, originally isolated from the spleen of a persistently infected mouse, suppresses LCMV-specific CTL responses (R. Ahmed et al. (1984) J. Exp Med 60, 521). The induction and generation of CTL maps to the short (S) RNA segment and not the long (L) RNA segment of LCMV (Y. Riviere et al. (1986) J. Immunol. 136, 304). The CTL recognition epitope, expressed in virus infected target cells, also maps to the S segment of the LCMV ARM genome, and is structurally and functionally intact in Clone 13-infected target cells. Here we report the S RNA sequences of both ARM 53b and its variant Clone 13. Comparison reveals a single amino acid difference. However, sequence divergence at this position also occurs among other strains of LCMV (Pasteur, Traub, WE) which do elicit CTL responses. Hence, (1) the amino acid difference is unrelated to the phenotypic divergence of Clone 13, (2) suppression of the CTL response by Clone 13 is not linked to the CTL recognition epitope, and (3) the structure or function responsible for CTL immunosuppression by Clone 13 most likely maps to the L RNA segment. Further, the availability of the complete S RNA sequence for LCMV ARM and ARM Clone 13 variant allows a detailed comparison with WE (V. Romanowski et al. (1985) Virus Res. 3, 110-114), the only other LCMV S RNA so far sequenced. PMID- 3259348 TI - [Metabolism of vitamin D in exogenous hypercorticism in rats]. AB - Short-term administration of hydrocortisone into rats (within 7 days) stimulated 1.25(OH)2D3 synthesis in kidney and led to accumulation of the metabolite in blood serum, small intestinal mucose and bones. After long-term administration of hydrocortisone within 28 days synthesis of 1.25(OH2D3) was decreased in kidney while the content of 24.25(OH)2D3 was was simultaneously increased. Concentration of labelled 1.25 (OH)2D3 and 24.25(OH)2D3 was distinctly decreased in small intestinal mucose and femur bones. PMID- 3259349 TI - Clinical and laboratory follow-up of asymptomatic blood donors with only anti-HIV 'core' antibodies. PMID- 3259350 TI - Do autoantibodies lead to immune damage in AIDS? PMID- 3259352 TI - [Changes in the incidence of cancer in East Germany 1968-1981]. PMID- 3259351 TI - [Changes in natural killer activity in the influenza virus infection of mice and in treating lymphocytes with the influenza virus and its proteins in vitro]. AB - Changes in the activity of natural cytotoxic lymphocytes (natural killers, NK) were studied in the course of infection of CBA mice with a mouse-adapted or unadapted (epidemic) variants of influenza A/USSR/90/77 virus. The activity of NK against K562 target cells in the peripheral blood, lungs, and spleens was found to increase considerably 18 hours after intranasal inoculation with any of the variants and to persist at a high level for up to 72 hours. Virus replication in the lungs and peripheral blood was observed only in mice infected with the adapted virus variant. A conclusion was drawn that the increase in NK activity in the organs of influenza virus-infected mice was nonspecific providing no protection against a fatal outcome after infection with the mouse-adapted (pathogenic) virus. Treatment of lymphocytes recovered from the peripheral blood, lungs, and spleens of infected and non-infected mice in vitro with preparations of intact viruses and isolated viral proteins exerted different effects on the NK activity: enhancement after treatment with intact viruses and inhibition by isolated viral proteins. The effect did not depend on the virulence of the strain from which viral proteins were isolated. The importance of the phenomenon of different modulating effect of influenza virus and its structural proteins on the NK activity is discussed. PMID- 3259353 TI - [Elimination of seasonal variables--a prerequisite for assessing the correlation of acute respiratory diseases and meteorologic markers]. PMID- 3259354 TI - [Assessment of health risk in exposure to vanadium--results of an occupational medicine study]. PMID- 3259355 TI - [Synovial level of interleukin 1 and C3a in chronic polyarthritis, psoriatic arthritis and activated arthritis]. AB - Concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1), C3a des Arg and immune complexes (IC) were investigated in knee effusions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 36), psoriatic arthritis (Ps.A., n = 19) and osteoarthritis (n = 7). Maximal concentrations of IC and C3a des Arg were found in RA patients, high IL-1 activities could be demonstrated in patients with Ps.A. and seropositive RA. We found significant correlations between IL-1 and C3a des Arg, IL-1 and IC and C3a des Arg, and IC in Ps.A. patients, but not in RA or osteoarthritis patients. The role of IL-1 in the chronic inflammatory response and joint destruction in inflammatory joint diseases is discussed. PMID- 3259357 TI - [Hemodialysis in Japan--present and future]. AB - On the base of official data of the Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy in 1985 a survey of the current status of dialysis in Japan is presented. Furthermore, an outlook on the future of the development of dialysis therapy in Japan according to these data is given. PMID- 3259356 TI - [Detection of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens with counterimmunoelectrophoresis and the Western blot technic]. AB - Detection of antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) by counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) is currently used to screen sera from patients with collagen vascular disease. Although fast and reliable, the method has its limitations with regard to the differentiation of various antigen-antibody systems. In this study, results of the anti-ENA analysis by CIE and by Western Blot technique are compared. Except for a higher frequency of Sm antibodies by Western-blot, the results of CIE were confirmed. The source of antigen and the higher sensitivity of the Western-Blot technique are responsible for the different results obtained. With respect to the relationship of antibody profile and illness, both methods demonstrated a high frequency of antibodies against U1 sn-RNP in mixed connective tissue disease and of anti-SS-B antibodies in Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 3259358 TI - Langerhans cells, HLA, and nickelspecific T cell responses. PMID- 3259359 TI - Amplified T cell response to PPD by epidermal cell suspensions containing HLA-DR expressing keratinocytes. PMID- 3259360 TI - Modulation of contact sensitivity in mice by interleukins. PMID- 3259361 TI - Tomographic cerebral blood flow measurements in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and evaluation of the vasodilatory capacity by the acetazolamide test. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in a series of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease using xenon-133 inhalation and single photon emission computer tomography. The spontaneous course of CBF changes in a consecutive series of stroke patients was evaluated. A quite heterogeneous pattern of flow changes was observed: In patients with large cortical/subcortical infarcts, extensive hypoperfused areas were observed, often significantly larger than the corresponding hypodense lesion on the CT scan. Smaller CT lesions caused relatively smaller flow changes. Patients with lacunar infarcts showed only a discrete reduction of CBF, but comprising most of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Repeated CBF studies in the chronic phase showed, that the clinical improvement commonly noted in stroke patients is not related to a CBF increase. On the contrary, the CBF lesions tended to become somewhat larger and more demarcated even in cases where the finding of a normal angiogram and a transient state of hyperemia suggested a dissolution of the intracerebral embolus. The pathogenetic mechanisms for these persisting low flow areas in CT intact structures was discussed. One possibility was a selective neuronal cell damage in the peri infarct areas caused by the ischemic insult. Such lesions would leave the structures macroscopically intact, but decrease both the metabolic demands and CBF. However, this interpretation finds little support in recent microscopic neuropathological studies in man. A more likely possibility was then considered to be disconnection (diaschisis) where the reduced flow is due to a decreased neuronal function caused by undercutting of afferent or efferent nervefibers. A crossed cerebellar diaschisis was observed in all patients with major infarcts in the forebrain. These findings were observed already in the acute phase, but persisted quite unchanged throughout the subacute and chronic phases. The patients with lacunar infarcts showed cerebellar diaschisis in the acute phase only, suggesting that a transient suppression of remote areas is possible too. In order to differentiate between permanent flow changes caused by a functional impairment and a possible hemodynamic component, CBF was measured before and after administration of a potent cerebral vasodilator, acetazolamide (Diamox). In normal cases tested with Diamox, an even CBF increase is noted throughout the hemispheres, while the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen remains stable. In patients having a severe stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery, this vasodilatory stress test will identify the patients having poor collateral capacity via the circle of Willis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3259362 TI - Allergic colitis with rectal bleeding in an exclusively breast-fed neonate. PMID- 3259363 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafts: evaluation of patency with cine MR imaging. AB - This report describes our first experiences in using cine MR imaging to assess the status of a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This technique uses a low flip angle, a fast repetition rate, and gradient-refocused echoes to produce images in which the signal of flowing blood within even small vascular structures (e.g., CABGs) is enhanced. Twenty-eight CABGs were evaluated by using both cine MR imaging and coronary angiography (as "gold standard"), and the MR images were interpreted blindly for determination of patency or occlusion of the CABGs. The sensitivity of cine MR imaging for determination of CABG patency was 93%, the specificity was 86%, and the overall predictive accuracy was 89%. Because cine MR imaging facilitates the identification of patent vascular structures by enhancing the signal intensity of flowing blood, this technique seems particularly attractive for noninvasively determining CABG patency. PMID- 3259364 TI - Pulmonary pneumatocele: pathology and pathogenesis. PMID- 3259365 TI - Biliary lithotripsy by extracorporeal shock waves: integral part of nonsurgical intervention. AB - Nine patients with cholelithiasis were selected for adjuvant therapy with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy when radiologic or endoscopic intervention alone had been unsuccessful for stone removal. This preliminary experience with shock-wave lithotripsy includes four patients with one or more common duct stones, one patient with a large solitary gallbladder stone, and four patients with impacted cystic duct stones. Lithotripsy failed in two patients with cystic duct stones. The seven patients with successful lithotripsy underwent subsequent fragment extraction by intervention via T-tube tract, minicholecystostomy, or endoscopic sphincterotomy. Our approach to cholelithotripsy varied from previous reports in that we included patients with cystic duct stones, relied on interventional fragment removal without adjuvant chemolitholysis, and treated four patients with acute symptoms or multiple risk factors. Our initial experience with biliary lithotripsy in selected patients indicates that it can play an integral part in nonsurgical intervention for cholelithiasis. PMID- 3259366 TI - Atrophy with compensatory hypertrophy of the liver in hepatic neoplasms: radiographic findings. AB - Focal hepatic atrophy has numerous causes and in many cases is associated with compensatory hypertrophy. We have observed this phenomenon on CT in patients with hepatic neoplasms. Of 12 patients studied, eight had hepatic metastases, two had hepatocellular carcinoma, and two had bile-duct carcinoma. Focal changes in liver morphology (i.e., atrophy with compensatory hypertrophy) were found in five patients at presentation and developed after treatment with systemic or intraarterial chemotherapy in the others. Atrophic changes affected the right lobe in eight patients, the left lobe in three, and part of both lobes in one. Compensatory hypertrophy of part or all of the unaffected liver was found. Ten patients had obstruction of the portal vein branch to the atrophic segment, four of these 10 also had hepatic vein obstruction, and two of these 10 also had bile duct obstruction. Portal vein obstruction appears to be the most important element in the production of focal hepatic atrophy in patients with hepatic neoplasms. After treatment with chemotherapy, tumor regression and atrophy may be associated with compensatory hypertrophy and enlargement of the uninvolved part of the liver. This must not be mistaken for progression of disease. PMID- 3259367 TI - CT of amebic liver abscess. AB - CT findings in 23 patients with amebic liver abscess were analyzed retrospectively. A solitary abscess was present in 17 patients. Five patients had two to five lesions. One patient, a male homosexual, had 15 abscesses. Of the 46 abscesses, 74% occurred in the right lobe. The lesions were generally round or oval. One-half of the abscesses were 2-6 cm in diameter; 11% measured 13-16 cm. An enhancing wall was present in most cases. An incomplete rim of edema was seen in eight abscesses. The margin of the abscess was smooth in 63% and nodular in 37%. Internal septations were noted in 30%. Four patients had focal intrahepatic biliary dilatation peripheral to an abscess. One patient had intraabscess hemorrhage. Extrahepatic abnormalities were present in 18 patients; right pleural effusion (nine), perihepatic fluid collection (five), gastric or colonic involvement (eight), and retroperitoneal extension (one). Gas within an abscess was due to hepatobronchial fistula in one patient and hepatocolic fistula in another. Amebic abscess should be included in the differential diagnosis when CT shows one or more cystic or complex masses in the liver, especially when there is evidence of extrahepatic extension. PMID- 3259368 TI - CT of the pancreas with a fat-density oral contrast regimen. AB - Visualization of the head of the pancreas by CT was prospectively evaluated in two groups of 100 patients who did not have pancreatic disease. Patients were given either a fat-density oral contrast material (12.5% corn-oil emulsion and metoclopramide) or a conventional high-density oral contrast material (barium suspension or iodinated solution). There was no statistically significant difference in the subjects' tolerance to the two regimens. There was, however, a significant improvement in ability to distinguish the head of the pancreas from the duodenal C-loop when the fat-density contrast material was given. When pancreaticoduodenal discrimination was graded, patients given corn-oil emulsion and metoclopramide received an average score of 0.94, whereas those given the high-density agent received an average score of 0.74, with 1.00 being the highest possible score (p less than .005). These data suggest that for routine CT evaluation of the head of the pancreas, a combination of corn-oil emulsion and metoclopramide may be superior to the conventional high-density oral contrast agents given without metoclopramide. PMID- 3259369 TI - Influence of bolus volume on swallow-induced hyoid movement in normal subjects. AB - Swallowing normally elicits a superior-anterior excursion of the hyoid that contributes to elevation of the larynx and opening of the upper esophageal sphincter. The magnitude of hyoid movements, however, has not been quantitated with respect to the volume of the swallowed bolus. In this study, we determined the magnitude of superior and anterior movements of the hyoid associated with swallows of barium of different volumes. Lateral videoradiographic images of 2- to 20-ml boluses of barium were obtained in 15 subjects who had no pharyngoesophageal symptoms and had normal pharyngoesophageal motor function. Analysis indicated that a significant direct correlation existed between the volume of the swallowed bolus and the magnitude of the superior and anterior movements of the hyoid. For example, the mean values for these respective movements were 13.0 +/- 5 mm and 13.5 +/- 6 mm for a 2-ml bolus, compared with 14.8 +/- 5 mm and 16.7 +/- 5 mm for a 10-ml bolus. The findings indicate that values of deglutitive movement of the hyoid need to be indexed to the volume of the swallowed bolus. The results imply that the neural program in the brainstem that generates the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing is not completely stereotyped, but rather is modulated by volume-dependent sensory feedback. PMID- 3259370 TI - Acute diverticulitis in patients under 40 years of age: radiologic diagnosis. AB - During a 4-year period, eight patients 40 years old or younger had surgically proved diverticulitis at our institution. None of these patients had connective tissue diseases or were on medication (i.e., steroids) that would predispose them to diverticulosis. The presenting clinical symptoms in this group of patients were often misleading, and in only one of the eight cases was the correct clinical diagnosis made at the time of admission. Of the three diagnostic studies that were performed (barium enema, sonography, and CT), barium enema was the most accurate, yielding evidence for diverticulitis in six of seven cases. The degree and extent of diverticulosis in these patients was minimal compared with that in the older patients. CT showed abdominal abscesses in two patients; in one, a mistaken diagnosis of Crohn disease was made; in the other, diverticulitis was correctly identified. In the three patients in whom sonography was performed, the findings were negative for diverticulitis. Our experience suggests that the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis should be considered in patients with abdominal pain who are less than 40 years old. PMID- 3259371 TI - Cholesterol embolization as a cause of cecal infarct mimicking carcinoma. PMID- 3259372 TI - CT of aortic aneurysms: the distinction between mural and thrombus calcification. AB - Aortic calcification, either mural or thrombus, is a common finding in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Differentiating between the two sites of calcification is necessary in order to avoid confusing simple thrombus calcification with displaced calcified intima in aortic dissection. The CT scans of 145 cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm and seven cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm with dissection were analyzed with respect to the location of the calcification: mural only or mural and thrombus. Mural calcification was seen in all 152 patients with aneurysms whereas thrombus calcification was identified in only 33 (24%) of the 136 patients with thrombus. Displaced intimal calcification caused by aortic dissection can either appear similar to or, at times, be indistinguishable from thrombus calcification. Thrombus calcification was present in four (57%) of the seven patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and dissection. To avoid the possibility of a false-positive diagnosis of aortic dissection in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm, other signs of aortic dissection should be sought such as separation of the true and false lumina by an intimal flap. PMID- 3259373 TI - ECG abnormalities during excretory urography: the effect of stress. AB - ECG alterations occurring during IV infusion of contrast agents have been well documented, although the specific causes of these alterations are unknown. Stress and anxiety have been considered important factors, but no prospective evaluation of their impact on ECG alterations has been reported. In order to separate ECG changes resulting from anxiety associated with the procedure itself from those caused by the contrast agent, ECG monitoring was done during IV urography, first when patients were given saline and then again during and after contrast infusion. In both circumstances, the patients were told that they were being given contrast material. One hundred fifty patients undergoing infusion excretory urography with meglumine diatrizoate were studied. Preliminary 12-lead ECGs identified those with initially normal (71) and abnormal (79) tracings. Lead II rhythm strip ECGs were then obtained at 1 and 3 min during a saline infusion and again during contrast infusion; final 12-lead ECGs were done after the contrast infusion. During contrast infusion, PR prolongation (greater than 0.02 sec) occurred in 44% of patients, a change in heart rate (greater than +/- 10 beats/min) occurred in 26%, and benign arrhythmias (premature atrial and ventricular contractions, less than 5/min) occurred in 9%. Saline alone caused no statistically significant ECG alterations (only a single instance of premature atrial contractions). The hypothesis that stress or anxiety may adversely affect ECG reactivity in IV urography is unproved. Although we do not offer proof that it cannot occur, we found no evidence in a study of 150 patients to confirm that stress is an important factor. Only the contrast agent, not saline, produced measurable ECG changes during urography. PMID- 3259374 TI - Percutaneous extraction of renal fungus ball. PMID- 3259375 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate: MR findings. PMID- 3259376 TI - Percutaneous embolization of the ovarian artery in the treatment of pelvic hemorrhage. PMID- 3259377 TI - Meniscal abnormalities of the knee: 3DFT fast-scan GRASS MR imaging. AB - The ability to use fast-scan techniques to obtain MR images without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy is a desirable goal in MR imaging. We describe a series of patients in whom fast-scan MR imaging was found to be equal to conventional spin echo imaging in the detection and characterization of meniscal abnormalities. Thirty-five patients with suspected meniscal tears were studied with fast-scan imaging (3DFT-GRASS), and the results were compared with those of conventional spin-echo imaging. Three-millimeter contiguous sections through the entire knee were obtained in 5 min by using the 3DFT-GRASS technique. 3DFT-GRASS and spin echo images agreed in all cases regarding the presence or absence of an abnormality and its degree of severity. We conclude that fast-scan 3DFT-GRASS MR imaging is useful when screening the knee for the presence of meniscal abnormalities. PMID- 3259378 TI - John Caffey Award. Intussusception reduction in children by rectal insufflation of air. AB - Air was used as the contrast medium for colonic studies in 282 patients with suspected intussusception. Intussusception was documented in 118 of these patients (42%), and reduction was achieved in 89 (75%) of those 118. Twenty-nine patients, in whom the intussusception could not be reduced with air, underwent surgery. Seven of these patients required surgical resection of devitalized bowel. In seven others, the intussusception was reduced by the surgeon with difficulty; in 12, surgical reduction was achieved easily. Three perforations occurred with the use of air. These patients were treated surgically without sequelae. This pilot study of 282 patients suggests that air is a safe substitute for hydrostatic reduction of intussusception. PMID- 3259379 TI - Comparison of oxygen and barium reduction of ileocolic intussusception. AB - Reports that gas reduction of ileocolic intussusception has a better success rate than traditional barium reduction prompted us to evaluate this technique and to compare the results with our previous experience with barium. Our method of intussusception reduction uses oxygen at a flow rate of 2 l/min and with a maximum pressure of 80 mm Hg. The results of 65 consecutive patients with 69 episodes of intussusception over a 9-month period were retrospectively reviewed. For eight episodes, gas enema was not used, including six patients who had barium reduction during the introduction of the gas technique and two patients in whom no intussusception was seen during gas enema were excluded. In the remaining 61 episodes, six patients were considered to be unacceptable risks for attempted therapeutic reduction with either oxygen or barium, according to our current criteria, and had primary surgery. Enemas with oxygen were attempted in 55 cases and were successful in 40 (73%). If all 61 cases with confirmed intussusception are included, the overall success rate with oxygen was 66%. We had greater success with oxygen than with barium (73% vs 53%), although identical pressures were used and the number of severely ill patients referred for therapeutic enema (90% vs 60%) had increased. The change in the referral pattern reflects the adoption of less conservative criteria for excluding patients from having therapeutic enema. No complications have occurred to date. We have had greater success with the use of oxygen than with that of barium, and have had no complications. Therefore, at our institution, oxygen has superseded barium for the therapeutic reduction of ileocolic intussusception. PMID- 3259380 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of intussusception. PMID- 3259381 TI - Lap-belt injuries of the lumbar spine in children: a pitfall in CT diagnosis. AB - A retrospective review of 365 consecutive CT studies in children assessed for intraabdominal trauma yielded five children in whom lap-belt-associated injuries of the lumbar spine were missed on CT. Facet subluxation and anterior dislocation of the third lumbar vertebra were present in four patients and multiple compression fractures were present in one. Clinical presentations included acute abdominal symptoms; two had acute back pain, and three experienced delayed onset of back pain. Although the injuries to the spine were visible retrospectively on anteroposterior radiographs, the findings were subtle and their extent was best appreciated on lateral lumbar spine views. Five of 365 patients with blunt abdominal trauma were identified as having sustained midlumbar spinal injury that was clearly visible only on a lateral radiograph of the spine. PMID- 3259382 TI - MR imaging of cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal lesions at 1.5 T. AB - The high-field, thin-section (3-5 mm) MR imaging characteristics of 49 cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal lesions were reviewed. The diverse abnormalities include 20 acoustic neurinomas, eight neurinomas of other cranial nerves (six involving the fifth cranial nerve and two involving cranial nerves IX-XI), seven meningiomas, five subdural fluid collections, four brainstem tumors with exophytic components, three glomus jugulare tumors, one epidermoid tumor, and one basilar artery aneurysm. T1-, T2-, and proton-density-weighted images were obtained in all cases. T1-weighted images most accurately showed the margins of the seventh and eighth nerves in the internal auditory canal and were most sensitive in detecting small tumors in the cerebellopontine angle. Differentiation of meningioma from acoustic neurinoma by MR was provided most reliably by separation of the meningioma from the porus acusticus and seventh and eighth nerves and not by signal-intensity differences. A hypointense vascular rim was noted on MR in seven of 13 extracanalicular acoustic tumors and in three of seven meningiomas. PMID- 3259383 TI - Calcified intracranial lesions: detection with gradient-echo-acquisition rapid MR imaging. AB - Seventeen patients with partially calcified intracranial lesions, as documented by CT, were evaluated with MR imaging at 1.5 T. All patients were imaged with both conventional spin-echo techniques and reduced flip-angle gradient-echo acquisition (GEA) sequences, during which a signal is acquired in the absence of a 180 degrees radiofrequency pulse. GEA parameters were implemented so that T2* effects were maximized on these scans. In all 17 patients GEA images showed marked hypointensity throughout the entire area of calcification, matching the calcified region as seen on CT. In contrast, spin-echo findings in the calcified portions of the lesions were extremely variable, precluding confident identification of calcification on these images. The depiction of regions of calcification as marked hypointensity on GEA images can be ascribed to T2* shortening from static local magnetic field gradients at interfaces of regions differing in magnetic susceptibility, a phenomenon that is well documented in vitro, when various diamagnetic solids are placed in aqueous suspension. However, we cannot exclude the possible additional role of accompanying paramagnetic ions, which sometimes are present with diamagnetic calcium salts in various intracranial calcifications. Since the hypointensity due to calcification on GEA images is not specific, noncontrast CT could be used to confirm its presence. Although this lack of specificity and the artifacts that emanate from diamagnetic susceptibility gradients at or near air-brain interfaces somewhat limit the application of GEA techniques, we suggest that rapid MR imaging using GEA sequences can consistently demonstrate intracranial calcification, and that this technique thus seems to be a useful adjunct to conventional spin-echo imaging. PMID- 3259384 TI - MR imaging of schizencephaly. AB - MR imaging was used to evaluate six patients who had schizencephaly, a disorder of cell migration characterized by holohemispheric, gray-matter-lined clefts. Clinically, these patients presented with intractable seizures and variable developmental delay. Although three of these patients had previous CT scans, the diagnosis was made only by MR. MR was more sensitive than CT in detecting the clefts as well as the accompanying abnormalities, including areas of pachygyria, polymicrogyria, and heterotopic gray matter. The possible pathogenesis of schizencephaly is discussed. MR provides excellent demonstration of the anatomic changes in schizencephaly. PMID- 3259385 TI - Craniofacial osteosarcomas: plain film, CT, and MR findings in 46 cases. AB - Forty-six osteosarcomas of the cranial and facial bones were reviewed radiographically by using the conventional parameters for long bone tumors. There were 32 de novo osteosarcomas (11 maxillary, 13 mandibular, and eight cranial) and 14 postradiation osteosarcomas. All the maxillary tumors originated from the alveolar ridge, and the majority of mandibular lesions began in the body of the mandible. The postradiation osteosarcomas occurred in portions of bones at the borders of the radiation field; the latent period ranged from 4 years, 2 months to 50 years (mean, 14 years). The majority of de novo or postradiation craniofacial osteosarcomas were osteolytic with a long transition zone and no periosteal reaction; the exception was in the mandible, where nearly half the cases were osteoblastic and periosteal reaction was occasionally present. Tumor matrix mineralization occurred in more than 75% of the cases, and osteoid matrix calcification was most frequent, even though most tumors were chondroblastic. Soft-tissue extension of tumor was present in all cases and contained calcifications in more than half. Conventional radiographs are of limited value in evaluating head and neck osteosarcomas because of the superimposed bony structures. CT provides excellent detection of tumor calcification, cortical involvement, and, in most instances, soft-tissue and intramedullary extension. MR is even more effective in demonstrating the intramedullary and extraosseous tumor components on both T1- and T2-weighted images. However, CT and plain films are superior to MR in detecting the matrix calcifications and bone destruction or reaction. PMID- 3259386 TI - Direct sagittal CT in the evaluation of temporal bone disease. AB - The human temporal bone is an extremely complex structure. Direct axial and coronal CT sections are quite satisfactory for imaging the anatomy of the temporal bone; however, many relationships of the normal and pathologic anatomic detail of the temporal bone are better seen with direct sagittal CT sections. The sagittal projection is of interest to surgeons, as it has the advantage of following the plane of surgical approach. This article describes the advantages of using direct sagittal sections for studying various diseases of the temporal bone. The CT sections were obtained with the aid of a new head holder added to our GE CT 9800 scanner. The direct sagittal projection was found to be extremely useful for evaluating diseases involving the vertical segment of the facial nerve canal, vestibular aqueduct, tegmen tympani, sigmoid sinus plate, sinodural angle, carotid canal, jugular fossa, external auditory canal, middle ear cavity, infra- and supralabyrinthine air cells, and temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3259387 TI - Recognizing tympanostomy tubes on temporal bone CT: typical and atypical appearances. AB - Myringotomy with placement of a tympanostomy tube is a common surgical procedure. Although CT is not performed to evaluate these tubes, recognizing and accurately reporting their presence are important for a number of reasons. These include misidentification of the tube as a foreign body or a dislocated ossicle, misidentification of debris or normal ossicles as a tympanostomy tube, confirmation of the presence of a tube not seen on otoscopic evaluation, stimulation of careful search for cholesteatoma, and documentation of intervention. The purpose of this study is to show the CT appearance of tympanostomy tubes and to determine factors that make their identification on CT difficult. We reviewed all CT studies of the temporal bone performed over a 1 year period to determine the presence and appearance of tympanostomy tubes. Of the 118 CT scans evaluated, 19 patients (16%) had 34 tympanostomy tubes; of these 34 tubes, 13 (38%) had CT features that hindered identification of the tubes. Factors that resulted in obscured tubes, in order of frequency, included surrounding fluid, technical problems such as motion and artifacts, and atypical location. By knowing the appropriate location and CT appearance of tympanostomy tubes, misidentification of the tubes can be avoided. PMID- 3259388 TI - Personalized data management for the radiologist. PMID- 3259389 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of the human body. PMID- 3259390 TI - Chest case of the day. PMID- 3259391 TI - Abdominal case of the day. PMID- 3259392 TI - Musculoskeletal case of the day. PMID- 3259394 TI - Pretreatment with corticosteroids to prevent reactions to i.v. contrast material. PMID- 3259393 TI - Neuroradiology case of the day. PMID- 3259395 TI - Femoral vein thrombosis associated with percutaneous insertion of Kimray Greenfield filters. PMID- 3259396 TI - A simple method of galactography. PMID- 3259397 TI - Nonionic contrast media in nonvascular procedures. PMID- 3259398 TI - The left ventricular echogenic focus. PMID- 3259399 TI - Plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor activities in a reference population. AB - The influence of age, gender, and aspirin ingestion on plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activities was studied in a reference population of 35 men and 35 women between the ages of 20 and 65 years. The t-PA values (mean +/- SD) in the women before and after 5 minutes of venous occlusion were 3.8 +/- 1.4 and 7.8 +/- 4.4 micrograms/L, respectively; in men these values were 3.3 +/- 1.2 and 8.8 +/- 8.9 micrograms/L. Men had higher mean PAI levels than did women (5.0 vs. 2.5 kU/L). T PA showed an inverse relationship to PAI in both sexes. There was a negative correlation of t-PA levels with age, whereas PAI levels were positively correlated. The ingestion of a single dose of aspirin (650 mg) did not alter PAI or t-PA activities. This study indicates that factors such as age and sex may need to be considered when reference populations are developed for clinical studies of fibrinolysis. PMID- 3259400 TI - Thrombosis following desmopressin for uremic bleeding. AB - An elderly patient with evidence of atherosclerosis and uremic bleeding diathesis developed two foci of cerebral thrombosis immediately after an infusion of desmopressin (DDAVP). Because large molecular weight multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWF) have been demonstrated to cause platelet aggregation under conditions of elevated fluid shear stress as occurs in atherosclerotic vessels, we investigated his plasma vWF at the time of the event and compared it to baseline values obtained 2 weeks later. Unusually large vWF multimers induced by the DDAVP infusion were present and likely contributed to the thrombotic process. Consequently, we believe DDAVP should be given with greater caution to patients with atherosclerosis. PMID- 3259401 TI - Quality of life in chronic dialysis patients: a critical comparison of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis. AB - Thirty-three matched pairs of chronic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and center hemodialysis (CHD) patients from three dialysis programs were studied cross-sectionally to assess their current medical, psychological, and social status. The CAPD and CHD groups were similar on matching and medical status variables. The CAPD subject group had a higher quality of life, lower illness and modality related stress scores, and nonsignificantly lower mood disturbance scores. The groups did not differ in self-esteem or health locus of control. CAPD subjects reported higher frequency of participation in community activities, better relationships with dialysis physicians and patients, and were more likely to be currently vocationally active. Dialysis modality likely exerts an independent effect on the quality of life of chronic dialysis patients, and CAPD is likely superior to CHD in this regard. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the relative role of patient-selection and modality-related factors in determining the psychological and social adaptation (quality of life) of chronic dialysis patients. PMID- 3259402 TI - Dialysis leukopenia, hypoxemia, and anaphylatoxin formation: effect of membrane, bath, and citrate anticoagulation. AB - The goal of these prospective studies was to determine the effect of different dialyzer membranes and dialysate composition on leukopenia and hypoxemia during hemodialysis with citrate anticoagulation. Significant early leukopenia was found with a cuprophane membrane, while a cellulose acetate membrane was associated with mild early leukopenia. Bath composition had no effect. Bicarbonate dialysate, compared with acetate, eliminated hypoxemia in cellulose acetate membranes and reduced its degree and duration with cuprophane. Membrane composition had no effect on hypoxemia during acetate dialysis. The findings indicate that leukopenia is directly and exclusively related to membrane composition while hypoxemia only relates in part to membrane effects. Serial determinations of complement components C3a and C5a showed significant increases in parallel with leukopenia during heparin anticoagulation, but the anaphylatoxin concentration changes were dissociated during dialysis with citrate anticoagulation. The concentrations of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a appear not to be directly related to dialysis-induced leukopenia. The dissociation between anaphylatoxin concentrations and leukopenia may be related to changes in generation or unmasked changes in leukocyte response. Citrate anticoagulation may provide a useful probe for further studies on membrane-leukocyte interactions in vivo. PMID- 3259403 TI - A segregation and linkage study of classical and nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - The segregation of classical and nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) and its linkage to HLA-B was investigated in 220 families. First, the surprisingly high frequency of the nonclassical 21-OHD gene estimated elsewhere was confirmed using a different methodology which avoided particular assumptions concerning the classification of an individual's genotype. In the present study the gene frequency was found to be .103 +/- .020 in an ethnically pooled sample and was as high as .223 +/- .062 among Ashkenazi Jews. Second, the segregation analysis of families ascertained through a nonclassical 21-OHD proband and those ascertained through a classical 21-OHD proband showed essentially identical results. A partial recessive model with no recombination between 21-OHD and HLA-B fitted the data better than did a complete recessive model with approximately 0.5% recombination between 21-OHD and HLA-B. The support for the partial over the complete recessive model depended on the assumed ascertainment probability, an unknown parameter in these data. Four families provided most of the evidence against the complete recessive model. All these included an unaffected sib who shared both HLA-B specificities in common with the affected proband. Possible explanations for the condition in these families include recombination, gene conversion, mutation in one of the parental gametes, or technical errors. PMID- 3259404 TI - Clinical findings and common symptoms in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Data analysis was performed in a prospective study of clinical symptoms and findings in 500 patients with retinitis pigmentosa. The symptoms and findings in these patients met the usual definitions of the disease. At initial examination the patients were questioned in a standardized manner; symptoms and associated health problems were reviewed. Some patients were unable to answer all of the questions. Of the patients 274 (55%) were men and 226 (45%) were women, with a race distribution of 21 (4%) black, 47 (9%) Hispanic, 26 (5%) Oriental, three (1%) American Indian, and 403 (81%) white. Sixty-nine patients reported no symptoms of night blindness and 116 patients claimed no visual field changes; 90 stated that they saw better at dusk. The most common problem noted by 263 (53.3%) was headaches, 31 on a daily basis, 42 at least weekly, 124 infrequently, and the remainder nonspecifically. Numbness or tingling, mainly in extremities, was reported by 99 patients. The second most common problem affecting 170 patients (34.6%) was light flashes; since eight patients had retinal detachments, light flashes cannot be totally discounted. Of 143 patients who had been pregnant, 14 had visual changes. PMID- 3259406 TI - Long-term patency of polytetrafluoroethylene graft fistulas. AB - Polytetrafluoroethylene grafts have been the mainstay for hemoaccess at our dialysis unit since 1976. Of 528 grafts placed in the forearm, 81 were evaluated for long-term patency and complication rates. When appropriate diagnostic studies and clinical signs delineate the cause of graft problems, a variety of surgical techniques can be used to maintain graft patency. The overall patency rate was 81 percent at 4.47 years. There were 3.5 complications per graft and 1 procedure per 1.25 years of follow-up. Over two thirds of the grafts had minimal complications and showed a 95 percent patency rate at 4.76 years. Impra grafts seemed to fare better than Gore-tex grafts, but their patency and duration were similar. Polytetrafluoroethylene grafts are easy to use, easy to revise and repair, have a long shelf life, and can withstand repeated dialysis access for many years. PMID- 3259405 TI - Incidence of hypertension in the Framingham Study. AB - Incidence and trends in incidence of definite hypertension were analyzed based on 30 years follow-up of 5,209 subjects in the Framingham Heart Study cohort. Based on pooling of 15 two-year periods, hypertension incidence per biennium increased with age in men from 3.3 per cent at ages 30-39 to 6.2 per cent at ages 70-79, and in women from 1.5 per cent at ages 30-39 to 8.6 per cent at ages 70-79. No consistent trend in incidence rates was evident for either sex from the 1950s through the 1970s. The proportion of hypertensive subjects receiving antihypertensive medication has increased since 1954-58 and exceeded 80 per cent for both men and women ages 60-89 years in 1979-81. Incidence data presented in this report may serve as a baseline for assessing the impact of future public health efforts in the primary prevention of hypertension. PMID- 3259408 TI - Single fiber-optic fluorescence enzyme-based sensor. PMID- 3259407 TI - Use of a Western blotting technique in the purification of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor. AB - In Western blotting procedures, proteins are resolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels with subsequent electrophoretic transfer onto nitrocellulose membranes. Although this procedure is generally employed as an analytical technique for assessing interactions of proteins with antibodies, the present report describes the use of Western blotting as a preparative procedure in the purification of a biologically active proteinase inhibitor from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum. The feasibility of using Western blotting for inhibitor purification depended upon the unique stability properties of the inhibitor under denaturing conditions. PMID- 3259409 TI - Perioperative myocardial ischemia: importance of the preoperative ischemic pattern. AB - Previous studies investigating the incidence of myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery have not considered the potential significance of the preoperative ischemic pattern in the development of intra- and postoperative myocardial ischemia and infarction. Accordingly, the authors compared the frequency and severity of pre-, intra-, and postoperative ischemic episodes (ST-segment depression greater than or equal to 0.1 mV or elevation greater than or equal to 0.2 mV) in 50 men with severe coronary artery disease scheduled for elective CABG. All subjects were monitored by continuous electrocardiography (ECG) (Holter monitor) for 2 preoperative days, intraoperatively, and 2 postoperative days (total monitoring time = 4,363 h). Routine anti-anginal medications were continued until the morning of surgery, and the anesthetic management of the patient was not controlled. During the preoperative period, 42% of the patients had ECG ischemic episodes, 87% of which were clinically silent. Only 18% developed intraoperative ischemia. Postoperatively, the incidence increased to 40%. The number of ischemic episodes/hour (epis/h) of monitoring among the three monitoring periods was similar (0.09 +/- 0.12 epis/h preoperatively, 0.11 +/- 0.20 epis/h intraoperatively, and 0.05 +/- 0.08 epis/h postoperatively; P = NS). The median duration of ischemic episodes was similar pre- and intraoperatively (16 vs. 18.5 min, P = NS), but greater postoperatively (41 min, P less than 0.05). Seventy-six per cent of the perioperative ECG ischemia occurred without acute change (+/- 20% of control) in blood pressure or heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259411 TI - Autoantibodies to nuclear lamins. PMID- 3259410 TI - Weight-bearing exercise training and lumbar bone mineral content in postmenopausal women. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of weight-bearing exercise training and subsequent detraining on lumbar bone mineral content in postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Non-randomized, controlled, short-term (9 months) trial and long-term (22 months) exercise training and detraining (13 months). SETTING: Section of applied physiology at a university school of medicine. PATIENTS: Thirty-five healthy, sedentary postmenopausal women, 55 to 70 years old. All women completed the study. There was 90% compliance with exercise training. INTERVENTIONS: All women were given calcium, 1500 mg daily. The exercise group did weight-bearing exercise (walking, jogging, stair climbing) at 70% to 90% of maximal oxygen uptake capacity for 50 to 60 min, 3 times weekly. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bone mineral content increased 5.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0% to 8.4%; P = 0.0037) above baseline after short-term training whereas there was no change ( 1.4%) in the control group. After 22 months of exercise, bone mineral content was 6.1% (95% CI, 3.9% to 8.3% above baseline; P = 0.0001) in the long-term training group. After 13 months of decreased activity, bone mass was 1.1% above baseline in the detraining group. CONCLUSIONS: Weight-bearing exercise led to significant increases above baseline in bone mineral content which were maintained with continued training in older, postmenopausal women. With reduced weight-bearing exercise, bone mass reverted to baseline levels. Further studies are needed to determine the threshold exercise prescription that will produce significant increases in bone mass. PMID- 3259412 TI - Fibromyalgia and interleukin-2 therapy for malignancy. PMID- 3259413 TI - [Changes in serum immunoglobulins in allergic rhinitis induced by histamine H2 antagonists]. AB - The authors discuss their double-blind experiments on 40 allergic rhinitis affected patients, aged 15 to 50 years. Twenty were treated with H2 antagonists (Cimetidine) and twenty with placebo. The clinical assessment of the effectiveness of the treatment was carried out on a range of subjective and objective parameters taken before and after treatment. The IgE, IgA, IgG and IgM serum rate was measured. An improvement in the symptomatology was noted in 15 of the 20 Cimetidine treated patients and none in the placebo group. The results have shown a significant percentage decrease in the total serum IgE values after treatment, compared to initial ones, while no significant change was observed in the values of IgA, IgG and IgM. This decrease in IgE is thus a specific class. As it has been demonstrated that a subpopulation of lymphocyte T suppressors acts selectively on IgE producing B cells, the authors believe that only on these elements, carriers of H2 membrane receptors, can Cimetidine act to induce a decrease in total serum IgE levels and therefore a reduction in degranulation processes. PMID- 3259414 TI - [Revascularization in coronary atheromatosis by a direct approach via the left trunk]. PMID- 3259415 TI - [Left ventricular aneurysmectomy and coronary revascularization. Evaluation and prognostic factors of combined surgery]. PMID- 3259416 TI - [Long-term results of spinal cord electrostimulation in the treatment of micturition disorders associated with neurogenic bladder]. AB - The authors report their experience of long-term (7 years) spinal electrostimulation (SES) in 34 cases of neurogenic bladder (spina bifida: 4 cases; traumatic paraplegia: 3 cases; multiple sclerosis: 23 cases; arachnoiditis: 4 cases). SES, performed via the epidural route, reduced urgent micturition and urge by 90%, urge incontinence by 70% and dysuria by 50%. In the majority of patients, urodynamic evaluation revealed a significant reduction in detrusor hyperactivity and uninhibited contractions, an increase in the electrical activity of the striated sphincter, a significant reduction (80%) in vesico-sphincteric dyssynergy with improvement in flow and an increase by more than 70% in the vesical capacity. After three years, the efficacy tended to slowly decrease and became significantly reduced over 5 years. After 7 years, only 2 of the first 10 cases continued to use SES. SES represents a non aggressive technique and, at the present time, warrants widespread use due to its safety and simplicity. PMID- 3259417 TI - [Treatment of B-cell lymphoma with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody]. AB - It has been over 15 years since Eisen first suggested that immunoglobulin idiotype could serve as a tumor-specific antigen. Over 10 years ago, Stevenson pointed out that B cell malignancies would be ideal targets for the idiotype directed immune responses because these tumors retain the idiotype molecule on their cell surface rather than secreting it. Since that time a number of studies with animal models have shown that either passive or active immune manipulation directed at cell surface idiotypic determinants could have therapeutic effects on B cell malignancies. In this paper we will summarize and update the results of our clinical trials with anti-idiotype antibodies in patients with B cell malignancies. The results indicate that anti-idiotype antibodies can have profound effects on tumors, causing regressions in the majority of the patients treated. In addition, these studies have revealed that human B cell tumors are idiotypically heterogeneous due to extensive V-region somatic mutation. PMID- 3259418 TI - Rumen microbial changes in calves fed on alpha amylase diet. AB - Fifty-six calves in the period of a milk nutrition, randomly assigned to two groups (control and alpha amylase fed) were used to monitor the changes in the rumen microbial populations and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations associated with feeding Amylosubtilin G10X (0.6 g.day-1). Statistically significant increase was observed for amylolytic counts in experimental calves on 20th or 30th days. The counts of rumen cellulolytic bacteria and selenomonas tended to have increase in the value, but were not significantly different from those in the control valves. The results show that alpha amylase fed calves has a relative higher rumen microbial population. PMID- 3259419 TI - [Recapitulation in the development of the components of the counterflow system in the vertebrate metanephros]. AB - The investigation has been performed on 107 renal preparations obtained from persons of various age (from 5-month-old fetuses up to 45 years of age), certain representatives of other classes of the Vertebrata are also included: fish, amphibia, reptile and mammalia at various stages of pre- and postnatal periods of ontogenesis by means of preparing graphic and plastic reconstructive models, histological investigation and microdissection. The complexity of the intrarenal branching of derivatives of the mesonephric duct diverticulum, development and structure of the canalicular part in nephrons directly depend on the phylogenetic position of the animal. Complexity of the nephron architectonics occurs along the progressive line of taxonomic groups of higher Vertebrata. The nephron loop becomes longer, thin segment of the nephron canalicular part increases in its length and, at last, in mammalia a cone-shaped fasciculus appears as a structural functional unit of the osmoregulating apparatus of the constant kidney. In the comparative anatomical and comparative embryological aspects recapitulation is observed concerning certain morphological signs of derivatives of the metanephric duct and nephron. PMID- 3259420 TI - Single-photon emission tomography with technetium Tc 99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime in Binswanger's disease. PMID- 3259421 TI - Periventricular white matter changes and dementia. Clinical, neuropsychological, radiological, and pathological correlation. AB - Forty-three patients with computed tomographic scan findings of decreased attenuation in the periventricular white matter (PVWM) region were studied. Clinical evaluation revealed presence of hypertension in 36 patients (84%) and cerebrovascular risk factors in 41 patients (95%). Unilateral or bilateral neurological deficits were present in 40 patients (93%). Neuropsychological evaluation in 27 of them revealed features of subcortical dementia. Magnetic resonance imaging in seven cases demonstrated high-intensity areas in the deep white matter region on T2-weighted imaging. Pathological evaluation in four patients revealed demyelination without inflammatory cells and infarctions in the PVWM region, lacunar infarctions in the basal ganglia and brain stem, and marked arteriosclerosis. The study indicated that most (95% in this series) of the patients with computed tomographic scan findings of decreased attenuation in the PVWM region had cerebrovascular risk factors and various neurological and neuropsychological features of subcortical dementia. Pathologically, these lesions represented areas of infarction and demyelination, along with diffuse arteriosclerosis. PMID- 3259422 TI - Blood flow imaging of a posterior circulation stroke. Use of technetium Tc 99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime and single photon emission computed tomography. AB - Regional cerebellar perfusion was imaged using technetium Tc 99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime and single photon emission computed tomography (HM-PAO-SPECT) in a patient with chronic left lateral medullary syndrome with contralateral weakness due to traumatically induced thrombosis of the left vertebral artery. Despite continued neurologic deficits, x-ray transmission computed tomography was normal. However, HM-PAO-SPECT demonstrated that blood flow to the left cerebellar hemisphere was significantly impaired. This abnormality was still apparent after correction for atrophy as estimated by magnetic resonance imaging. Technetium Tc 99m hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime and single photon emission computed tomography effectively imaged regional blood flow in the vertebrobasilar circulation and appears to more clearly reflect the nature and extent of the neurologic deficit than either x-ray transmission computed tomography or magnetic resonance scanning. PMID- 3259423 TI - Inflammation due to surgical glove powders in the rabbit eye. AB - Inflammatory anterior chamber reactions secondary to contamination by talc, absorbable dusting powder (ADP), and a combination of these powders were studied in rabbits. These common surgical glove powders were introduced into the anterior chambers of 30 animals, and structural changes were observed on days 1 and 3, and at weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12. Our findings indicate that the combination of talc and ADP causes a substantially more acute inflammatory reaction than either agent used individually. Chronic granulomatous inflammation was more severe in the group that received ADP plus talc than in the group that received talc only. PMID- 3259424 TI - The effect of two lighting conditions on performance of the Farnsworth Lantern color vision test. AB - This paper compares the performance of color defective patients on the Farnsworth Lantern test in both unlit and lit room conditions. We examined 18 dichromats and 33 anomalous trichromats, as diagnosed by the Mark I Nagel Anomaloscope. No statistically significant differences were found between their performance in the two conditions. PMID- 3259426 TI - Is antiinfectious defence thymus-dependent? PMID- 3259425 TI - Two signals from B cells control the expansion of T cells: only one is immunologically specific. PMID- 3259427 TI - The respective roles of thymus-independent and thymus-dependent immune responses in the defence against infectious agents. PMID- 3259428 TI - Considerations on thymus-dependent and -independent antigens in acquired and natural immunity. PMID- 3259429 TI - The possible involvement of CD3+, CD4- and CD8- T cells in immune responses. PMID- 3259430 TI - Isotype regulation at mucosal surfaces: a case for T-cell-dependent antibody responses. PMID- 3259431 TI - Thymus-dependency of antiinfectious defence: lessons from the study of immunosuppressed individuals. PMID- 3259432 TI - Cardiovascular effects of central calcitonin gene-related peptide in conscious rats. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent peripheral vasodilator. In the present study, the cardiovascular effects of centrally administered CGRP were examined in conscious, normotensive rats. The rats were chronically instrumented with miniaturized pulsed Doppler flow probes to allow measurement of regional blood flow in the conscious animals. Injection of increasing doses of CGRP (0.3 to 3.0 micrograms/kg) in the lateral cerebroventricles transiently increased arterial pressure (maximal change = 13 +/- 3 mm Hg) and markedly increased heart rate (maximal increase = 88 +/- 10 b/min). The heart rate response was sustained over a period of 20 to 30 minutes. Central CGRP decreased hindquarter vascular resistance but had no effect on renal or mesenteric vascular resistances. In contrast, intravenous injections of CGRP reduced arterial pressure and renal, mesenteric, and hindquarter vascular resistances. The tachycardia response to central CGRP was attenuated by pretreatment with propranolol or hexamethonium, indicating that the heart rate response was mediated, in part, through increases in cardiac sympathetic tone. These data indicate that central CGRP may alter cardiovascular function through alterations in sympathetic outflow. PMID- 3259433 TI - [Observations on the local administration of autologous lymphokine activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with malignant gliomas]. AB - Recently lymphocytes from patients with cancer have proved to be activated by interleukin 2 (IL-2), and show a strong cytotoxicity. On the basis of this fact, we have tried to inject lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells and recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) directly into the cavity of brain tumor. We describe here preliminary results of the local administration of LAK cells and the rIL-2 to patients with malignant gliomas. Lymphocytes from the patients were separated from venous blood on a Ficoll gradient. By culture with rIL-2 for five days, the lymphocytes were activated to generate LAK activity, which was measured by chromium release assay. These LAK cells were capable of killing various kinds of tumor cells including their own cells. For example, their LAK activity to Daudi cell and self tumor cells was approximately 66 and 49%, respectively. These LAK cells showed a strong killing activity in excess of 40 to 70% against various tumor cells. Furthermore, activated killer cells, such as LAK cells, phytohemagglutinin-activated killer cells, and their precursor cells were serologically studied for the recognition of their biological characteristics. The phenotype of these LAK cells were sensitive to Leu 1, 3a, 7, and extremely so to 11 monoclonal antibodies, whereas LAK precursors were mainly sensitive to Leu 11 monoclonal antibodies. This observation led us to think that LAK cells belonged to the polyclonal cell populations. Following the fundamental studies, we applied this adoptive immunotherapy to 12 patients with malignant gliomas in whom standard therapy turned to be unsuccessful. All patients had histological evidence and progressive disease in spite of standard radiochemotherapy and other treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259434 TI - The interaction of phosphorylated sugars with human hexokinase I. AB - Glucose 6-phosphate as well as several other hexose mono- and diphosphates were found by kinetic studies to be competitive inhibitors of human hexokinase I (ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) versus MgATP. Limited proteolysis by trypsin does not destroy the hexokinase activity but produces as well-defined peptide map when the digested enzyme is electrophoresed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. MgATP at subsaturating concentration protects hexokinase from trypsin digestion, while phosphorylated sugars, Mg2+, glucose and inorganic phosphate have no effect. Addition of glucose 6-phosphate to the MgATP-hexokinase complex at a concentration 100-times higher than its Ki was not able to reverse the MgATP-induced conformation of hexokinase, suggesting that the binding of glucose 6-phosphate and MgATP are not mutually exclusive. Similar evidence was also obtained by studies of the induced modifications of ultraviolet spectra of hexokinase by the binding of MgATP, glucose 6-phosphate and both compounds. Among a library of monoclonal antibodies produced against rat brain hexokinase I and that recognize human placenta hexokinase I, one (4A6) was found to be able to modify the Ki of glucose 6-phosphate (from 25 to 140 microM) for human hexokinase I. The same antibody also weakens the inhibition by all the other hexoses phosphate studied without affecting the apparent Km for MgATP (from 0.6 to 0.75 mM) or for glucose. These data support the view for the binding of glucose 6 phosphate at a regulatory site on the enzyme. PMID- 3259435 TI - Protein kinase C activity in activated human T-lymphocytes stimulated by interleukin-2. AB - Interleukin-2 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) are shown to induce DNA synthesis in human T-lymphocytes activated with phytohaemagglutinin. However, whereas PMA induced a rapid and persistent translocation of protein kinase C from cytosol to particulate fraction, no translocation was observed upon stimulation with interleukin-2. Treatment with PMA for 72 h caused a slow down-regulation of protein kinase C activity to less than 10% of unstimulated T-lymphocytes and was mainly located in the particulate fraction. In contrast, stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin increased the total cellular protein kinase C activity by approx. 100% but with an unaltered subcellular distribution. However, interleukin 2-induced DNA synthesis in PMA- and phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated T-lymphocytes was comparable. Further, maximal DNA synthesis was shown to be dependent on the continuous presence of interleukin-2. These results indicate that interleukin-2 induced proliferation of activated human T-lymphocytes can occur without a translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosol to the particulate fraction and that interleukin-2 most likely functions as a progression factor. PMID- 3259436 TI - [Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors from viper venom]. AB - Inhibitors of trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin with Mr of about 7000 Da and isoelectric points of greater than 10 and 9.9, respectively, were isolated from the venom of the common viper Vipera berus berus, using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The inhibitor I prefers alpha-chymotrypsin (Ki = 4.6 X 10(-10) M) for the formation of an enzymeinhibitor complex at a molar ratio of 1:1. The inhibitor II prefers trypsin (Ki = 6.7 X 10(-11) M), forms an EI-complex at a molar ratio of 1:2, but also inhibits alpha-chymotrypsin (Ki = 1.4 X 10(-9) M) and hog pancreatic kallikrein (Ki = 1.6 X 10(-8) M). The inhibitor II contains no valine or methionine. PMID- 3259437 TI - Decreased serum alpha-amylase levels in infected Nigerian newborn infants. AB - Serum alpha-amylase activity was determined in 41 newborn infants with proven bacterial infections and compared to values obtained in 18 healthy control neonates. In the infected neonates serum alpha-amylase value, as determined by the blue starch method, was only 40% that of healthy controls; the mean value of 175.1 +/- 64.9 IU/l for healthy neonates was significantly higher (p less than 0.0010) than the value of 82.8 +/- 44.4 IU/l for the infected neonates. Alpha amylase levels did not correlate with severity of infections or mortality. The sensitivity and specificity of serum alpha-amylase level of 100 IU/l were 75.6 and 94.7%; the positive and negative predictive values were 91.2 and 84.4%, respectively. PMID- 3259438 TI - Response suppression in rats after bilateral microinjection of 5 hydroxytryptophan in lateral hypothalamus. AB - Studies using the 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) animal model of depression have led to the development of the hypersensitive postsynaptic serotonin receptor theory of depression. To demonstrate more clearly that the 5-HTP-induced suppression is a centrally mediated phenomenon, rats were implanted with bilateral cannulae in the lateral hypothalamus and received microinjections of D,L-5-HTP (100-500 ng) 15 min after the start of a VI operant session (milk reinforcement). Significant decreases in responding were observed that were comparable to those obtained after a systemic injection of 50 mg/kg D,L-5-HTP. Rats receiving a microinjection of 5-HTP in the posterior hypothalamus did not exhibit a behavioral effect. Rats working on shock-avoidance schedules did not demonstrate response suppression following microinjection of 5-HTP into the lateral hypothalamus, which is the same result as that following systemic 5-HTP administration. These data support the important role previously assigned to central 5-HT mechanisms in the 5-HTP animal model of depression. PMID- 3259439 TI - Platelet deposition in a capillary perfusion model: quantitative and morphological aspects. AB - The capillary perfusion model according to Cazenave and co-workers was characterized by investigating the effects of protein precoating, perfusion time and shear rate on platelet deposition using 111Indium labelling of human platelets and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared with uncoated polyethylene, platelet deposition was increased after precoating with purified human von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen or fibronectin, and decreased by preadsorbed immunoglobulin G, albumin or whole plasma. Platelet aggregates were observed on immunoglobulin G-coated polyethylene, whereas all other surfaces showed single adherent platelets. Complete platelet spreading was only observed after precoating with fibronectin. The quantitative data concerning platelet deposition were evaluated by using the convective-diffusion theory. Our results indicate the applicability of this perfusion model for the in vitro testing of biomaterials. PMID- 3259440 TI - Growth characteristics of circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells from patients with essential thrombocythemia. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) were cultured in vitro to evaluate restricted megakaryocytic (CFU-Meg), myeloid (CFU-GM), and erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cell development. Varying concentrations of aplastic canine serum served as the source of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity, and cultured megakaryocyte ploidy distributions were determined by Feulgen staining and microfluorometry. Megakaryocyte colony growth was strikingly abnormal in all five patients evaluated. Four of the 5 had a marked expansion in the concentration of circulating CFU-Meg and 3 of 4 manifested abnormalities in cultured megakaryocyte colony size (2 unusually large and 1 small). Unstimulated megakaryocyte colony growth was substantially increased in three patients. However, the fraction of megakaryocyte progenitors in cell cycle was near or below normal in all instances. Endomitotic megakaryocyte development was disordered in each of the four ET patients in whom it was evaluable. In normal subjects, mean megakaryocyte ploidy values vary biphasically with aplastic canine serum concentration and peak at 13.2 N following 12 to 15 days of culture. In contrast, day 12 mean ploidy values in cultures from the ET patients remained low at all aplastic canine serum concentrations and reached a maximum averaging only 8.4 N. Three patients were evaluated serially at extended culture durations of up to 21 days. The cultured megakaryocyte ploidy was unchanged during this interval for two of the patients. For the third patient, ploidy increased steadily, reaching abnormally high ploidy values by day 21. Progenitor cell expansion was limited to the megakaryocyte line in three patients. However, two patients had substantial increases in CFU-GM, one of whom also had a marked increase in BFU-E. There was no significant unstimulated colony growth by either CFU-GM or BFU-E. These data indicate that ET is usually characterized by an expansion in the concentration of circulating CFU Meg in vivo which manifest both disordered replication and endoreduplication in vitro. PMID- 3259441 TI - Changes in von Willebrand factor during cardiac surgery: effect of desmopressin acetate. AB - Patients who receive desmopressin acetate (dDAVP) after cardiopulmonary bypass bleed less during operation and in the first 24 hours after operation than do patients who receive a placebo. To study the mechanism of improved hemostasis in bypass patients, we examined the relationship between von Willebrand factor (vWF) and blood loss in 70 cardiopulmonary bypass patients, one-half of whom received desmopressin intraoperatively. vWF concentration and multimeric composition were analyzed before and after bypass, after drug treatment, and 24 hours after operation. Before operation, patients with valvular disease had lower percentages of vWF high-mol-wt multimers (HMWMs) than did healthy subjects or patients with coronary artery disease, but subsequent blood loss, vWF activity, and bleeding times were not related to this finding. Irrespective of drug treatment, patients who had low preoperative vWF and who had a net loss of the protein during bypass bled more after bypass than did similar patients who had a net increase of vWF during bypass. HMWMs rose to above normal levels after bypass regardless of desmopressin infusion. Differences in the concentration of vWF between desmopressin and placebo patients after receipt of the drug, although small, were better correlated with reduced blood loss than were differences in HMWM distribution. We conclude that the beneficial effect of desmopressin on hemostasis following cardiopulmonary bypass cannot be attributed to a drug induced change in HMWM distribution but may be related to an increase in overall vWF concentration. PMID- 3259442 TI - Reduction in pO2 decreases the fibrinolytic potential of cultured bovine endothelial cells derived from pulmonary arteries and lung microvasculature. AB - The effect of anoxia on the fibrinolytic potential of cultured endothelial cells derived from bovine pulmonary artery and bovine lung microvasculature was studied. Both cell types reacted with an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity and a decrease in the plasminogen activator (PA) activity in the media after incubation under anoxic conditions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by fibrin autography and reverse fibrin autography indicated that the change in fibrinolytic potential was due to an impaired release of PA and not an increase in the production of PAI. Although anoxia did not affect the viability of the cells as judged by 51Cr release, their metabolism was influenced, which is reflected by increases in the levels of lactate in cell lysates and media. Furthermore, the effect of short term anoxia on PA and PAI could not be reversed by reoxygenation for 24 hours. The results are discussed in terms of helping to explain the tendency of reocclusion after successful thrombolytic therapy, the development of pulmonary hypertension, and the thrombotic tendency of areas with an impaired circulatory supply. PMID- 3259443 TI - Synergism between interleukin-6 and interleukin-3 in supporting proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells: comparison with interleukin-1 alpha. AB - Currently available evidence suggests that in the steady state, the majority of hematopoietic stem cells are dormant in cell cycle and reside in the so-called G0 period. Studies in our laboratory indicated that once a stem cell leaves G0, its subsequent proliferation requires the presence of interleukin-3 (IL-3). Recently it was reported that interleukin-1 (IL-1) may stimulate stem cells to become sensitive to IL-3. In a separate study, we observed that interleukin-6 (IL-6, also known as B cell stimulatory factor-2/interferon beta 2) possesses synergism with IL-3, shortening the G0 period of murine hematopoietic stem cells. We report here that human IL-6 and IL-3 act synergistically in support of the proliferation of progenitors for human blast cell colonies and that IL-1 alpha reveals no synergism with IL-3 when tested against purified human marrow progenitors. Panned My-10+ human marrow cells were plated in culture and on day 14 of incubation, either IL-3, IL-6, IL-1 alpha or a combination of these factors was added to the cultures. Blast cell colony formation was analyzed daily between days 18 and 32 of culture. IL-6 or IL-1 alpha alone failed to support blast cell colony formation. In the presence of IL-3 alone, blast cell colonies continued to emerge between days 21 and 27. When a combination of IL-3 and IL-6 was added, blast cell colonies developed earlier than in cultures with IL-3 alone and twice as many blast cell colonies were identified. IL-1 alpha failed to augment IL-3-dependent blast cell colony formation. Replating studies of the individual blast cell colonies revealed various types of single as well as multilineage colonies. These observations suggest that IL-6 shortens the G0 period of human hematopoietic stem cells and that the reported synergistic activities of IL-1 on primitive hematopoietic cells may be indirect. PMID- 3259444 TI - Positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of reductively pyridylaminated maltooligosaccharides and its application to alpha-amylase assay. AB - Positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectra of maltooligosaccharides reductively aminated with 2-aminopyridine (Gn-AP) contain abundant [M + H]+ ions. Determination of G2-AP and G3-AP produced from G5-AP by the action of alpha amylases, based on the abundance of their [M + H]+ ions relative to that of cellobiose reductively aminated with 2-amino-6-methylpyridine as the internal standard, allowed rapid and reproducible assay of these enzymes. It was advantageous for clinical investigation that the proportion of pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylase activities could be determined. PMID- 3259446 TI - The effects of radiotherapy on the immune system of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AB - We report on 123 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma whose immune status was measured at the time of diagnosis, the day radiotherapy was completed, and then 2 3 months and 6-8 months after completion of radiotherapy. Immunological tests performed included the lymphocyte transformation test, the erythrocyte-rosette formation test (ERFT), the 29 degrees C erythrocyte-rosette formation test (29 degrees C ERFT), lymphocyte counts (lymphocytes/mm3 and percentage of lymphocytes), levels of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), complement (C3) and circulating immune complexes (CIC), the antinuclear antibody test and a skin test using phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). There were statistically significant differences in all tests (except C3) between patients and normal controls. Marked differences were seen in the lymphocyte count, ERFT, and 29 degrees C ERFT after radiotherapy (p less than 0.01). The diameters of induration of the PHA skin tests were less than those before radiotherapy (p less than 0.01). There were higher incidences of recurrence and metastases in the patients with high levels of CIC and low numbers of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood after radiotherapy. Cellular immunity remained at a low level 8 months after radiotherapy. PMID- 3259447 TI - Regional hemodynamic responses to central administration of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). AB - Central administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) produces a marked increase in both mean arterial pressure and heart rate. These increases appear to be mediated almost exclusively by an activation of the sympathetic nervous system. We studied the hemodynamic mechanisms of the response by determining the contribution of the major vascular beds to the increase in arterial pressure. Experiments were done in conscious, freely moving, male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were prepared for measurement of regional blood flow using miniaturized pulsed Doppler flow probes placed on the renal, mesenteric and abdominal aortic arteries. Intracerebroventricular injection of CRF (28.5-570 pmol) produced a dose-dependent increase in both mean arterial pressure and heart rate. A significant increase in vascular resistance was observed in the mesenteric and renal but not in the hindquarter vascular bed at the highest dose of CRF. These data indicate that vasoconstriction in the renal and mesenteric circulations contributes to the centrally mediated pressor effect of CRF. PMID- 3259445 TI - Some effects of leukotriene D4 on the mechanical properties of the guinea-pig basilar artery. AB - 1. The effects of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) on the mechanical properties of smooth muscle cells from the guinea-pig basilar artery were investigated in whole and chemically skinned muscle strips. 2. In strips with an intact endothelium, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; 10 microM), LTD4 and LTC4 (1 microM), STA2 (1 nM-10 nM) and high K+ (30 mM-128 mM) generated contractions. These comprised an initial phasic and subsequently generated tonic response with different amplitudes. Acetylcholine (ACh, 0.1-10 microM) inhibited and methylene blue (1-10 microM) enhanced the tonic component of these contractions in endothelium-intact muscle strips. In endothelium-denuded tissues, methylene blue had no effect on mechanical responses and ACh produced a further contraction in the presence of LTD4. 3. When the endothelium was removed, the amplitude of contractions induced by all tested stimulants markedly increased. In intact muscle strips, the order of potency for the production of a maximum response was; 128 mM K+ greater than STA2 greater than LTD4 = LTC4 = 5-HT. Following removal of the endothelium; STA2 greater than 128 mM K+ greater than LTD4 = LTC4 much greater than 5-HT. 4. In endothelium-denuded strips, the selective LTD4 antagonists, ONO-RS-411 and FPL 55712 inhibited the LTD4-induced contraction. In contrast, guanethidine, prazosin, yohimbine, atropine and mepyramine had no effect. Indomethacin and a thromboxane A2(TXA2) antagonist, ONO-3708 also had no effect on LTD4-induced contractions in endothelium-denuded strips. 5. In endothelium-denuded strips, nifedipine inhibited the tonic contraction induced by LTD4 but not the phasic component. In Ca2+-free solution containing 2 mM EGTA, LTD4 produced only the phasic contractions. 6. In saponin-treated chemically skinned muscle strips, LTD4 had no effect on either the pCa-tension relationship or on the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. However, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate released Ca2+ from the stores and 1,2-diolein, an activator of protein kinase C, enhanced the contractions induced by 0.3 microM Ca2+. 7. It was concluded that LTD4 acts on both the endothelium and on the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig basilar artery. It stimulates the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) which tends to inhibit the LTD4-induced contraction. It also interacts with receptors on the smooth muscle and produces a contraction as a result of an increase in both voltage-dependent and receptor-activated Ca2+ influx and, in part, the release of Ca2+ from cellular storage sites. PMID- 3259448 TI - Iontophoretic application of calcitonin gene-related peptide produces a slow and prolonged excitation of neurons in the cat lumbar dorsal horn. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was applied by iontophoresis onto physiologically characterized neurons. CGRP (20-100 nA) activated both wide dynamic-range (5/8) and low-threshold mechanoreceptive units (3/12), but had no effect on nociceptive-specific neurons (0/4). The excitation was of slow onset (30 s to 3 min) and prolonged duration (up to 10 min). In none of the tested units did CGRP cause inhibition. The slow and prolonged action suggests a neuromodulatory role for CGRP in spinal cord sensory processes. PMID- 3259449 TI - Occurrence of interleukin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid of the conscious cat. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is synthesized and released in response to various pathogens, including bacterial endotoxin, and is assigned an intermediary function in the genesis of fever. Its site of action in the central nervous system (CNS), however, is uncertain because the polypeptide is seemingly unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Since several cell types, including astroglial, microglial, and vascular cells, can generate IL-1 upon appropriate stimulation, we examined whether IL-1 is formed in the CNS and may therefore serve as a messenger for systemic noxae. Experiments were conducted in the conscious cat and IL-1 was assayed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the third ventricle using a highly sensitive murine helper T cell line, D10.G4.1. In general, IL-1 levels were barely detectable in the absence of fever and did not increase at any stage of the sustained fever following intravenous injection of endotoxin (bolus) or crude monocyte supernate containing IL-1 (bolus plus infusion). In contrast, intracerebroventricular injection of a pyrogenic dose of endotoxin led to the appearance of IL-1 in the CSF. IL-1 levels reached maximal elevation during the uprise phase of the fever and declined thereafter. By the same route, natural or recombinant human IL-1 had no effect on CSF-IL-1 levels, though both preparations were as effective as endotoxin in eliciting fever. These findings confirm earlier data with radiolabelled pyrogens and indicate that the blood-brain barrier is impermeable to IL-1. We conclude that blood-borne IL-1 is likely to act at a discrete site outside the blood-brain barrier, possibly the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis. Centrally formed IL-1 may instead act diffusely in promoting fever and fever-related events (e.g. sleep). PMID- 3259450 TI - Impaired cell-mediated immunity in the first week after burn injury: investigation of spontaneous blastogenic transformation, PHA, IL-2 response and plasma suppressive activity. AB - This study investigated alterations of cell-mediated immunity induced by trauma, operative treatment and infections in a group of 19 burned patients with a mean burn size of 42 +/- 22 per cent of the body surface area. We tested peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBC) for spontaneous blastogenic transformation (SBT), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) responsiveness. Plasma samples were also assayed for inhibition of mitogen stimulation of control PMBCs. Mean values were calculated for the acute postburn period (days 0-3) and the following 4 days, before the development of septic complications. SBT was significantly increased in all patients during the second period of investigation (days 4-7) in comparison to normal controls and during the acute phase. The response to mitogen stimulation (PHA) was significantly suppressed during days 0-7 and the plasma samples showed high suppressive activities following PHA stimulation of control lymphocytes during the course of the study. No significant differences in rates of SBT, PHA responsiveness and plasma suppressive activity were found between those patients who developed bacteraemia and those with negative blood cultures. The latter group showed higher reactivity to added IL-2 in comparison to normal controls. Surgical treatment immediately after trauma (fasciotomy; day 0 or 1) resulted in further increased immunosuppression (PHA and IL-2 response), whereas after necrectomy (days 4-7) the immunological parameters showed no significant differences. It can be concluded that neither rates of SBT nor response to PHA can be used to identify patients at high risk for infection during the first week postburn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259452 TI - Investigation of disease outbreaks and impaired productivity. PMID- 3259451 TI - Investigation planning and data gathering. AB - The goal of outbreak investigation is the identification of the risk factors over which management has control; these factors are known as key determinants. The risk factor approach to disease causality is much more functional than simplistic theories such as agent causality. Many outbreaks, even of infectious disease, do not have simple microbiologic explanations. In the planning of an outbreak investigation, the most critical step is the identification of management procedures that have been found, by scientific studies, to influence risk of the type of disease present. During the investigation, specific disease data, rather than the client's impressions, should be collected so that temporal and risk group analyses may be performed. Performance evaluation should be conducted to determine the breadth of management systems involved and the duration of involvement. Management evaluation must be specific, comprehensive, and targeted by scientific studies, risk group and temporal analyses, physical examination, and laboratory diagnosis. The entire investigation--the planning, the data gathering, the sample collection--must be concentrated on identifying the ways in which management should be changed to restore equilibrium to a herd experiencing excessive losses due to disease. PMID- 3259453 TI - Techniques of reporting disease outbreak investigations. AB - Effective communication of results and recommendations among veterinarians and between veterinarians and clients is an essential but often neglected component of an outbreak investigation. Although results have been traditionally related verbally, written reports are essential to minimize possible misunderstandings and provide a reference base for future herd health visits or epidemiologic investigations. A uniform reporting scheme for disease investigations by field veterinarians does not exist, but such a system would be desirable to allow comparisons of disease rates and productivity data among herds. In this article, a report format and style is outlined to facilitate exchange of data among veterinarians and clients. Reports to other veterinarians should include the following elements: history, objectives, methodology, results, causes/hypotheses, financial impact, and recommendations. For a client, a report should emphasize causes, recommendations, and the cost of measures to control the condition. Report planning, writing, and editing are facilitated by use of word-processing software on a microcomputer. Style will vary considerably according to the writer's objectives and individual preference, but headings, subheadings, graphs, and tables can be used to increase the visual appeal and readability of a report. The level of technicality should be appropriate for the audience. Sentences should be well constructed and precise. PMID- 3259454 TI - The investigation of nutritional disorders. AB - The following list is presented as a summary of guidelines that may be helpful in the investigation of a nutritional disorder. 1. Identify the perceived herd or flock problem. The client's complaint usually reflects an appearance of clinical signs or a depression in production parameters. The practitioner should also identify subclinical manifestations and other concurrent problems. 2. Identify the affected population or subpopulation. Groups should be identified according to breed, sex, age, reproductive status, growth phase, and lactation status. It is critical to identify the affected population, as a diet can be adequate for one population and deficient or excessive for another. For example, 24-month-old Angus heifers in the first 60 days of lactation would have greater risk of protein-energy malnutrition than would 5-year-old Angus cows in their second trimester of gestation if both were fed a marginal hay ration. 3. Identify the nutritional requirements for the affected population. The National Research Council publications serve as a guideline in determining nutrient requirements. 4. Identify factors that influence nutrient requirements and feed intake. Environmental factors, such as ambient temperature, can affect both nutrient requirements and feed intake of the population. Housing conditions, such as muddy lots, can increase maintenance requirements. 5. Sample and evaluate the feedstuffs. Nutrient(s) must be bioavailable--that is, they must be in a form that can be ingested, digested, and absorbed by the animal. 6. Sample and evaluate water sources for quantity and quality. 7. Evaluate feed bunk management practices. 8. Examine the herd. Both affected and normal populations should be examined. 9. Evaluate and submit to a laboratory any animal samples that may relate to the disorder. 10. Assemble the data and develop a hypothesis to support a diagnosis. 11. Provide a written account of all recommendations for the producer. PMID- 3259455 TI - The investigation of outbreaks of toxicologic disease. AB - Use of this basic epidemiologic approach will solve many toxicologic problems. Epidemiologic techniques have a key role in integrating and assimilating the data derived from a toxicologic investigation. Hypotheses are proposed and tested based on the data obtained and analyzed. The systematic interview of owners or managers and the examination of the premises, healthy animals, and sick animals will ensure that quality data are obtained. Analysis of data by time, place, and attack rates of subpopulations and dietary components will suggest the most viable hypotheses. Occasionally, however, the investigation of toxicoses may require more sophisticated epidemiologic techniques and controlled studies. PMID- 3259456 TI - The investigation of outbreaks of infectious disease. AB - The ability to control infectious diseases is contingent upon recognizing and eliminating the source of infection or disrupting the transfer of infectious agent to susceptible hosts. In this article, methods of identification of infectious agents, the presence of carriers and environmental reservoirs, and their impact upon investigations are discussed. PMID- 3259457 TI - The characterization of disease outbreaks. AB - All practicing veterinarians working with herds and flocks are consulted on animal population problems. These problems may reflect diseases with high morbidity or high mortality rates or other events that impair productivity. In either case, the ultimate goal of the veterinary practitioner is to control the problem and to prevent its recurrence, while keeping the cost of interventional strategies at a minimum. A systematic approach to outbreak investigation is a successful means of achieving the objectives of control and prevention. This approach, although described in a stepwise manner, is not meant to be rigidly applied, but rather should serve as a guide for the investigator. Structured investigations facilitate the efforts of both inexperienced and veteran practitioners. Otherwise, experienced practitioners might develop biased conclusions owing to a specific area of expertise or interest, or because of the influence of previous experience with similar cases. The veterinarian should assume a leadership role in outbreak investigation and should not hesitate to consult with specialists if needed. Although all population problems do not warrant a thorough investigation, the systematic approach just presented, when used for complex problems, increases the probability of establishing definitive, accurate conclusions. PMID- 3259458 TI - Disease outbreak investigation. Three case studies. AB - Three case studies of the investigation of outbreaks of disease or deviations from target performance are presented. The first is a study of a mastitis problem in a dairy herd, made evident by increased somatic cell counts. The pattern of the production problem is carefully analyzed and conclusions are reached that indicate an infection with environmental contaminant organisms, thus permitting control measures to be introduced. The second case study is an investigation of an outbreak of neonatal mortality in sheep. Analysis suggests a multiple etiology, with infection by border disease virus predominating. The third case study describes the investigation of foothill abortion in a beef herd in California and demonstrates the use of epidemiologic techniques to try to identify the source of infection in a subgroup of the study population, thus allowing specific control measures to be introduced. PMID- 3259459 TI - The collection and submission of samples for laboratory testing. AB - The laboratory analysis of samples can be a valuable adjunct to the investigation of outbreaks of disease and to the identification and correction of production inefficiency. However, the costs associated with laboratory analysis are high; consequently, a decision to involve laboratory analysis as part of an investigation should be made judiciously. The purpose for the sampling should be directed and, in general, restricted to tests whose results can lead to a management decision. When dealing with complex and difficult problems, there is a tendency to buy decision time by taking samples for laboratory testing with the philosophy of "let's see what the laboratory can come up with." Undirected sampling seldom yields results that can be interpreted meaningfully to resolve the problem at hand. PMID- 3259460 TI - The interpretation of laboratory results. AB - This article outlines the concepts of epidemiologic sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and agreement of tests. These features are important when selecting a test and when interpreting test results. The application of tests to aggregates (herds) of animals and methods to assess the etiologic importance of factors (for example, agents) are introduced. PMID- 3259461 TI - Evaluating risk factors in disease outbreaks. AB - The investigation of disease outbreaks in herds and flocks includes the gathering of multiple types of discrete data on the characteristics of the disease and the potential risk factors involving agent, host, and environment. Descriptive statistics such as rates, ratios, and proportions offer the investigator tools for counting the disease occurrence, for communicating the results of the investigation to others, and for further analyzing the patterns of disease in order to identify the true risk factors. Because there are several alternative methods for calculating descriptive statistics, specific definitions of each statistic should be followed so that ambiguity and misinformation are avoided. The practitioner must choose one definition and apply it consistently in disease investigations. Consistency allows for comparison of descriptive statistics from one investigation to another, or from one time to another time within the same herd. Analytic statistics allow for a critical evaluation of the data represented in rates, ratios, and proportions. Statistical tests address the all-important question, "Could these observed associations between disease and potential risk factors have occurred by chance alone?" This question must be addressed so that the wisest intervention decisions can be made. The tools described in this article are useful in routine herd health practice situations as well as the investigation of disease outbreaks and impaired productivity. Descriptive statistics provide a system for counting disease so that the practitioner can evaluate progress in the individual herd. The ability of the practitioner to quantify changes in disease occurrence in the herd provides hard evidence for the producer of the impact of herd health approaches. PMID- 3259462 TI - The design and use of supportive epidemiologic studies. AB - Structured investigation of disease outbreaks or deviations from desired productivity levels do not always lead to definitive answers upon which intervention programs can be based. There is an important role for well-designed supportive epidemiologic studies to supplement outbreak investigations, and the circumstances of their use are described in this article. The design of cross sectional, case-control, and cohort studies is also discussed, and procedures for data analysis are provided. PMID- 3259463 TI - Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in Canada. PMID- 3259464 TI - The fine morphology of the basal cell in the frog's taste organ. AB - We investigated the fine morphology of basal cell in the frog's taste organ by means of transmission electron microscopy. Results show that basal cells are placed at the base of the disc and are highly polarized; the cell body is peripherally located and a long cell process reaches the central region of the taste disc without branching. The cell body contains the nucleus, the Golgi apparatus and large lysosomes; junctions between more peripherally located 'marginal' cells prevent passage of macromolecules from oral ambient to basal cells as shown by horse-radish peroxidase experiments. The cell process, running just over the basement membrane in the taste disc epithelium, is rich in microtubules, filaments and clustered secretory granules arranged near the plasmalemma. Nerves interrupting the basement membrane make synaptic-like junctions with basal cells. The cell process ends in the central region of the taste disc; here, the basal cell is expanded to contain filaments, secretory granules and mitochondria in characteristic arrangement and contacts intraepithelial nerve endings as well as basal processes of sensory and supporting cells. Marginated granules are found where basal cell contacts nerve ending and also where nerve and sensory cells contact basal cell. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that basal cells are under nerve control and that they may have a diffuse (paracrine) influence on neighbouring cells in the frog's taste organ. PMID- 3259465 TI - Modulation of a high molecular weight form of transforming growth factor-alpha in human colon carcinoma cell lines. AB - The secretion of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) by several human colon carcinoma cell lines in tissue culture medium was examined. All of the cell lines tested secreted TGF-alpha to varying degrees. Bio-Gel P-30 chromatography of the conditioned media from three of these cell lines (HCT 116, MOSER, FET) indicated differences in the molecular weights of secreted TGF-alpha. In the HCT 116 cell line, the majority of the TGF-like activity had a molecular weight of less than 10,000. For both MOSER and FET cell lines, 20-30% of the TGF-like activity had a molecular weight greater than 15,000. When HCT 116 and MOSER cells were treated with differentiation inducing agents there was an increase in a TGF alpha species whose molecular weight was greater than 20,000. This indicates a possible alteration in either the processing of the TGF-alpha precursor and/or secretion of precursor products by the different cell lines. PMID- 3259467 TI - Transferrin-like autocrine growth factor, derived from T-lymphoma cells, that inhibits normal T-cell proliferation. AB - Transferrin, the major iron-binding protein in the plasma of vertebrate species, is an essential growth factor for cells in serum free medium. We have established a cell line, Fr, from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient affected by Sezary syndrome. Fr cells show a very immature antigenic phenotype, while constitutively bearing transferrin receptor on their surface. Furthermore the Fr line does not produce or respond to interleukin 2. Finally its conditioned medium contains both a growth stimulating activity for the Fr cell line and a factor which inhibits T-lymphocyte proliferation. We have identified a protein, produced in large amounts by Fr cells, which shares the immunological properties of human transferrin. Our data suggest that this transferrin-like factor can act as an autocrine growth factor for the producer cells and as an inhibitory factor for normal lymphocytes. PMID- 3259466 TI - Nature of linkage and mode of action of methotrexate conjugated with antitumor antibodies: implications for future preparation of conjugates. AB - The binding of methotrexate (MTX) to IgG in conjugates was examined by studies on a direct MTX conjugate with a monoclonal antibody (aMM46) to mouse mammary tumor MM46 cells and corresponding irrelevant antibody and normal gamma-globulin conjugates, all prepared by the active ester method with MTX N-succinimidyl ester (MTX-OSu). The binding was examined in terms of effects on the potency and selectivity of the cytotoxic activity of the aMM46 conjugate. The results obtained supported the following conclusions: (a) MTX-OSu reacts not only with the amino group of IgG to give an amide bond, but also with another group(s) to give a less stable bond(s) such as an ester bond; (b) in contrast to the amide bond-linked MTX, which is taken up by the cells by endocytic internalization, a substantial portion of the MTX linked by an ester or other less stable bond(s) is released from the conjugates extracellularly and enters the cells by the MTX active transport system, as revealed by the inhibitory effect of thiamine pyrophosphate on the cytotoxicity; (c) this MTX linked by a less stable bond(s) that causes nonspecific cytotoxicity can be removed by treatment with hydroxylamine; (d) the overall cytotoxicity of aMM46-MTX decreased on removal of this less stably linked MTX, suggesting that the lysosomal degradation of the conjugate carrying amide bond-linked MTX to liberate MTX derivatives of low molecular weight is insufficient; (e) the liberation of low-molecular-weight substances in the lysosomes is probably more important for efficient entry of active substances into the cytosol, than for inhibition of the activity of dihydrofolate reductase, because after hydroxylamine treatment, the amide bond linked MTX showed greater decrease in drug cytotoxicity than in inhibitory activity against dihydrofolate reductase; (f) in combination with hydroxylamine treatment, insertion between MTX and IgG of a linkage capable of ready cleavage in lysosomes deserves exploitation as a method for making potent conjugates with less nonspecific activity. PMID- 3259468 TI - A new approach to generating antitumor effectors for adoptive immunotherapy using human adherent lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - Lymphocytes from human peripheral blood incubated with interleukin-2 (IL2) develop lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity with the ability to kill a wide variety of tumor cells in a non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted manner. Adoptive immunotherapy with LAK cells and IL2 has been reported to lead to a regression of solid tumors in some patients with advanced malignancies. Aiming to improve the effectiveness of clinical adoptive immunotherapy, we developed a procedure for selective enrichment from human blood mononuclear cells (MNC) of IL2-activated antitumor effector cells. These cells, termed adherent LAK (A-LAK) cells because of their characteristic property of adherence to plastic, demonstrated both higher proliferative potential and greater antitumor cytotoxicity than unseparated MNC. Human A-LAK cells represented only 1 to 4% of IL2-activated MNC at 24 h but expanded from 130- to 1100-fold in 20 days. They comprised a population highly enriched in CD3-Leu19+ effector cells with antitumor activity against fresh human solid tumor cells and established cell lines. A-LAK cells retained antitumor activity for up to 14 days when cultured in the presence of IL2. They also mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Large scale generation of A-LAK cells from the blood of patients with cancer proved feasible and should yield populations that are effective in vivo at lower doses than those required with unseparated LAK cells. This offers the potential for improving the antitumor effects, reducing the toxicity, and facilitating the administration of adoptive immunotherapy in humans. A Phase I/II clinical trial utilizing A-LAK cells and IL2 in patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma is now in progress. PMID- 3259469 TI - Mediation of reduction of spontaneous and experimental pulmonary metastases by ricin A-chain immunotoxin 45-2D9-RTA with potentiation by systemic monensin in mice. AB - We developed a model to assess the therapeutic effects of the 45-2D9-ricin A chain immunotoxin (RTA) on pulmonary metastases. The 45-2D9 mouse monoclonal antibody recognizes a Mr 74,000 glycoprotein highly expressed by rat fibroblasts transformed with the Kirsten sarcoma virus (transformed rat fibroblasts). These cells metastasize spontaneously and form lung colonies in nu/nu and irradiated BALB/c mice. Injection i.v. of 45-2D9-RTA specifically reduced formation of spontaneous pulmonary metastases and lung colonies originating from freshly disaggregated tumor cells or cultured cells. Antibody alone or mixed with unconjugated ricin A chain and an immunotoxin that recognizes a melanoma associated antigen were ineffective. Unconjugated 45-2D9 antibody specifically blocked the 45-2D9-RTA activity in vivo. Administration of the lysosomotrophic agents ammonium chloride and chloroquine in vivo did not potentiate immunotoxin mediated reduction in lung colonies although they were effective in vitro. Monensin potentiated 45-2D9-RTA activity in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3259470 TI - Effect of acetylcholine on aconitine induced delayed afterdepolarisation in the frog atrium and ventricle. AB - The effect of acetylcholine on the aconitine induced delayed afterdepolarisation and triggered electrical activities under nominally calcium free conditions were studied in frog atrium and ventricle. The changes in intracellular potassium activity were also examined. The aconitine induced delayed afterdepolarisation and triggered electrical activities in atrial muscles were transiently suppressed by acetylcholine. This inhibition was correlated with the time course of the development of hyperpolarisation in the resting membrane potential during acetylcholine application. Propranolol did not abolish the transient inhibition of delayed afterdepolarisation during continuous application of acetylcholine, whereas atropine completely inhibited this effect of acetylcholine. Intracellular potassium activity decreased with time after acetylcholine application, whereas the resting potential became hyperpolarised at an early stage, showing slow recovery thereafter. These results indicate that the transient inhibition of delayed afterdepolarisation by acetylcholine is associated with transient hyperpolarisation of the membrane potential, which is assumed to be caused by potassium accumulation or desensitisation of the muscarinic receptor, or both. PMID- 3259471 TI - The effect of thymus environment on T cell development and tolerance. AB - During development in the thymus, T cells are deleted if their receptors are able to recognize self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. We show that such clonal deletion can occur because of interaction between receptors on T cells and MHC expressed on bone marrow-derived cells. In addition, development in the thymus picks out T cells to mature if their receptors will be restricted for antigen recognition in association with self MHC alleles expressed on thymus epithelial cells. This process is usually thought to involve positive selection of T cells bearing receptors with high and low affinity for MHC on thymus epithelium, and subsequent deletion of high affinity cells by interaction with bone marrow-derived cells. Our data do not fit such a model, but rather suggest that MHC molecules on thymus epithelium and bone marrow-derived cells may not be seen identically by T cell receptors. PMID- 3259472 TI - Expression of membrane activation antigens on murine B lymphocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. AB - The expression of two membrane glycoproteins, RL388 antigen and transferrin receptor (TfR), was examined on murine B cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies and flow cytofluorometric analysis were used to monitor the expression of these markers as a function of the time in culture, the state of membrane Ia antigen expression, the position in cell cycle, and the degree of B-cell differentiation. Freshly explanted splenic B cells expressed low levels of RL388 antigen and TfR. Following LPS stimulation, increased expression of RL388 antigen was detectable by 8 to 12 hr of culture, a time span characterized by increased Ia antigen expression, blast transformation, and G0 to G1 phase transition. The increased expression of TfR was apparent later and correlated with entry into late G1 phase and the onset of S phase. LPS-stimulated cell cultures treated with actinomycin D (G0/G1 block) exhibited increased expression of Ia antigen, but neither RL388 antigen nor TfR, whereas hydroxyurea treatment (G1/S block) allowed expression of all three markers. These results indicate that hyperexpression of RL388 antigen and TfR occurs during G1 phase and that these events are subsequent to Ia antigen hyperexpression. Finally, B cells in late G1 through M phase of the cell cycle simultaneously express high levels of RL388 antigen and TfR. These findings suggest that the expression patterns of RL388 antigen and TfR might be useful parameters for defining compartments of the murine B-cell cycle. PMID- 3259473 TI - Inhibition of macrophage phagocytosis in cryptococcosis: phenotypic analysis of the suppressor cell. AB - Our laboratory has previously reported a suppressor cell mechanism to occur late in the course of a lethal infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. A soluble factor was found to be responsible for inhibition of the phagocytic activity of a subpopulation of peritoneal macrophages. The suppressor cell was identified as a T cell which required in vitro stimulation with specific antigen before the phagocytosis-inhibiting lymphokine (PIL) was produced. PIL action was allospecific and occurred in animals given tolerogenic doses of cryptococcal and noncryptococcal antigens. The current investigation has further characterized the T lymphocyte responsible for PIL activity. The suppressor cell was found to be in a cyclophosphamide-sensitive pathway. PIL activity was not detected when spleen cell populations were treated with anti-I-J and complement or anti-Lyt-2 and complement. Likewise, a mixture of anti-I-J-treated and anti-Lyt-2-treated cells was incapable of synthesizing the lymphokine. Treatment of spleen cells with anti Lyt-1.2 or anti-L3T4 and complement did not eliminate PIL synthesis. Further analysis of the genetic restrictions associated with the PIL-macrophage interaction revealed regulation by the I-J subregion of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 3259474 TI - Cloned cytotoxic T lymphocyte target cells fail to induce early activation events in effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - We have explored further the basis for resistance of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We find that most cloned CTLs recognized as specific target cells by other cloned CTLs used as effector cells fail to activate three early events that may be critical in triggering lysis in the effector CTLs: Ca2+ influx, microtubule organizing center (MTOC) reorientation, and serine esterase release. To the extent that any or all of these events are involved in activation or expression of the lytic pathway in effector CTLs, our results suggest that in addition to being inherently resistant to cytotoxic granule extracts, many CTLs are also unable to induce lytic function in other (effector) CTLs. We have found one CTL clone that can respond to recognizable cloned CTL target cells with at least MTOC reorientation and serine esterase release, although the target CTLs are still not lysed. In this case, the resistance of the target CTL to lysis may be due solely to its resistance to cytoplasmic granule contents. PMID- 3259475 TI - Role of self carriers in the immune response and tolerance. XI. Correlation of Ia expression and interleukin-1 production with delivery of immunogenic signals in vivo by hapten-modified accessory cell-like tumor lines. AB - It was recently demonstrated that a lymphoid dendritic-like tumor, P388AD.2, presented hapten-modified self (HMS) in an immunogenic fashion even after injection via the normally "tolerogenic" intravenous (iv) route. To determine whether this property was unique to the P388AD.2 line, other hapten-modified tumors were administered iv and the result of their presentation was measured by changes in the number of splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) following in vitro challenge with thymic-independent antigens. Of the six tumors tested, two (P388 and J774.5R) primed for augmented PFC responses, while four others (P388NA.10, P388D1, WEHI-231, and 70Z/3) did not. When these tumors were compared for Ia expression and production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), it was discovered that (1) all of the immunogenic tumors were Ia+ and IL-1 producing (IL-1+), although not all Ia+,IL-1+ tumors could elicit augmented PFC responses; (2) none of the tumors that were deficient in either Ia expression or IL-1 production could prime B-cell responses in vivo; and (3) the ability to augment PFC responses was proportional to the density of Ia on the immunogenic tumors. These results demonstrated that P388AD.2 was not the only tumor line capable of presenting HMS iv as an immunogen, and that the accessory cell phenotype is critical for the induction of an immunogenic response in vivo. PMID- 3259476 TI - Lymphokine-induction of memory B-cell differentiation: differential stimulation of large virgin and memory B-cell differentiation. AB - In order to compare and contrast the requirements of virgin and memory B cells for B-cell differentiation factors, a model system was developed in which low density rat B cells isolated from 4-week primed antigen-draining lymph nodes were cultured in vitro. This large low-density cell population contained B cells which were 90% surface IgM positive and 60% IgD positive and showed moderately elevated Ia staining. When the cell population was stimulated with antigen plus lymphokines or lymphokines alone, antigen-specific IgG antibody was secreted; this was used as a measure of memory cell differentiation. When the cell population was stimulated with mitogen (lipopolysaccharide plus dextran sulfate) plus lymphokines, polyclonal IgG and IgM secretion was seen and was used as a measure of virgin B-cell differentiation. Using this system, we found that lymphokines contained in a Con A-induced rat spleen cell supernatant (CSN) were sufficient to drive both memory and virgin B-cell differentiation. In contrast, lymphokines contained in the supernatant from the murine T-cell hybridoma B151K12 (B151CFS) were able to induce large amounts of polyclonal IgM and IgG secretion but did not support memory B-cell differentiation. When recombinant human IL-2 was added to these cultures, it acted synergistically to augment virgin B-cell differentiation, but this combination of lymphokines was still not able to support memory B-cell differentiation. Furthermore, recombinant rat interferon gamma and a commercial source of human BCGF, with or without IL-2, were unable to promote significant virgin or memory B-cell differentiation. These data support the hypothesis that memory B cells and virgin B cells differ in their lymphokine requirements for differentiation into antibody-secreting cells. PMID- 3259477 TI - Simultaneous measurement of transferrin receptor and DNA content of human IL 2 dependent T cells by flow cytometry. AB - This paper describes a method which enables the simultaneous measurement of both the concentration of cell surface receptors and the DNA content of individual lymphoid cells. Cells fixed with PLP (periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde) were treated with ribonuclease (RNase). Transferrin receptors were then successively bound with monoclonal antibody against them and FITC-labeled antibody against the monoclonal antibody. Cells thus treated were stained with propidium iodide and two-parameter flow cytometric analysis was carried out. Using this method, the expression of transferrin receptors on lymphoid cells was analyzed in relation to the action of T-cell growth factor (IL 2). It was found that cells in the G1 phase were stimulated by IL 2 which increased transferrin receptor concentration after a lag of a few hours. Subsequently, the cells entered the S phase and the receptor levels remained high throughout the S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. PMID- 3259478 TI - Stimulation of the growth of azaserine-induced nodules in the rat pancreas by dietary camostate (FOY-305). AB - The effects of dietary camostate (FOY-305), a synthetic trypsin inhibitor, on the early stages of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the rat were studied because of earlier reports that feeding soy bean trypsin inhibitor stimulated growth and promoted carcinogenesis in the pancreas of rats. These effects are attributed to excess secretion of cholecystokinin, a trophic hormone for pancreatic acinar cells. Camostate has been shown to induce pancreatic enlargement in rats by the same mechanism. In preliminary experiments, pancreatic growth was studied in adult Fischer 344 (F344) and Lewis rats fed camostate mixed in the diet to define a level that induced pancreatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. As little as 0.02% fed 3 days per week was effective. In a second experiment, F344 rats were injected with azaserine and thereafter were given camostate by gavage 5 days a week until autopsy 18 weeks later. In a third experiment, azaserine-treated Lewis rats were fed camostate in the diet 3 days a week for 8 or 16 weeks until autopsy. In the latter two experiments the number and size of atypical acinar cell foci and nodules (AACN) were measured in pancreas sections. Growth of acidophilic AACN was stimulated in camostate-fed groups; both the number and the size were increased in comparison with the control groups. The data suggest a promoting effect of dietary camostate on the growth of azaserine-induced preneoplastic lesions in the pancreas of both rat strains. The number of basophilic AACN was decreased in camostate-fed Lewis rats suggesting that the camostate diet also affected the phenotype of the carcinogen-induced AACN. PMID- 3259479 TI - Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin microheterogeneity in crossed immunoaffinoelectrophoresis with free concanavalin A: a useful diagnostic tool in inflammatory syndrome. AB - Using crossed immunoaffinoelectrophoresis with free concanavalin A (Con A) in the first dimension and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside incorporated in the second-dimension gel, we examined the microheterogeneity of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1Achy) in sera from healthy donors (N) and in sera from patients with various inflammatory syndromes. We studied three groups: patients with acute inflammation (myocardial infarction: MI, septic inflammation: SI), patients with chronic inflammation (metastatic breast cancer: MBC), and patients with chronic inflammation accompanied by acute attacks (connective-tissue disease: CTD). All pathological sera had a high alpha 1Achy concentration. Compared with N, MI and SI showed an increased proportion of Con A-reactive fraction and a decreased proportion of Con A-nonreactive fraction, which was more pronounced in SI. Unlike the patients with acute inflammation, patients with CTD showed an increased proportion of Con A-nonreactive fraction. Thus alpha 1Achy microheterogeneity in crossed immunoaffinoelectrophoresis may afford a means of differentiating between various inflammatory syndromes. In particular, it can provide a simple test: if the Con A-nonreactive fraction is in a proportion less than 17%, septic origin of an acute-phase reaction may be suspected. PMID- 3259480 TI - Thymostimulin treatment in AIDS-related complex. AB - Thirty-four patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC) were treated for 6 months with thymostimulin, a thymic hormone. Clinical and immunological findings after a 1-year follow-up were compared with those in 24 age- and sex-matched controls receiving no immunotherapy. Statistical evaluation after 6 and 12 months showed significant differences in the two groups. The thymostimulin-treated group had higher leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, more positivity in intradermal tests with multiple recall antigens, and less lymphadenopathy and weight loss. The number of OKT3+ and OKT4+ lymphocytes decreased significantly in the control group, but did not change in the thymostimulin-treated patients. Finally, after 18 months of follow-up, no progression to AIDS was seen among the treated subjects, whereas 3 of the controls developed the disease. We conclude that thymostimulin, alone or in combination with antiviral drugs, may be helpful in the management of ARC patients. PMID- 3259481 TI - Immunoglobulin genes, HLA-B8/DR3, and immune responsiveness to primary immunogen and mitogens in normal subjects. AB - The genetic regulation of immune responsiveness by genes from two independent, highly polymorphic genetic systems, namely immunoglobulin allotypes and human leukocyte antigens (HLA), was studied in 35 healthy Caucasian volunteers. The in vivo IgG class antibody response to the primary test immunogen alpha-helix pomatia hemocyanin (HPH) was increased in subjects with the Gm1,17;..;21 haplotype compared to that of the non-Gm1,17;..;21 group. The IgM-class response tended to be higher in the former group. Levels of in vivo IgA-class-specific anti-HPH antibodies tended to be higher in the group of individuals positive for HLA-B8/DR3 than in the non-B8/DR3 group. This difference was statistically significant only in the absence of the Gm1,17;..;21 haplotype. The in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response on mitogenic stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (1 micrograms/ml) and pokeweed mitogen (10 micrograms/ml) also appeared to be associated with both systems. The presence of the Gm1,17;..;21 haplotype was associated with decreased lymphocyte reactivity, whereas the B8/DR3 phenotype was associated with high responsiveness to these mitogens. However, in the presence of the Gm1,17;..;21 haplotype subjects positive for HLA-B8/DR3 did not respond better to mitogenic stimulation than those lacking this HLA haplotype. Our results imply that the immunogenetic make-up of test persons should be taken into account in the assessment of the immune status of individuals or groups of patients. PMID- 3259482 TI - In vitro anti-histone antibody production by peripheral blood cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Anti-histone antibodies (AHA) have been demonstrated frequently in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the present studies, we found that peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) from a large subset of SLE patients spontaneously produce elevated levels of AHA in culture. In contrast, detectable production by normal mononuclear cells was extremely rare. Spontaneous production by patients' PBL correlated with both disease activity and elevated serum AHA levels, and thus appeared to reflect in vivo production. Interestingly, spontaneous AHA production was independent of polyclonal B-cell activation as measured by total Ig synthesis in culture. Production also appeared to be T-cell-independent in that cultures depleted of T cells produced AHA levels similar to those of cultures with unseparated PBL. Although PBL from normal individuals rarely produce AHA spontaneously, the presence of histone-specific B cells in normal peripheral blood could be detected after pokeweed mitogen stimulation. The present studies provide a basis for a further understanding of the mechanisms responsible for autoantibody production in SLE. PMID- 3259483 TI - A clinicopathologic study of bony spurs on the pes anserinus. AB - Nineteen cases of exostoses located on part of the pes anserinus were studied clinically and histologically. All lesions were resected during surgery between 1965 and 1985. In these 19 cases, 14 had involvement of the tibia only at the insertion of the pes anserinus. Five had multiple exostoses with pes anserinus involvement. All exostoses occurring only in pes anserinus showed an icicle appearance in roentgenography and had no detectable cartilage cap. On the other hand, exostoses in patients with multiple exostoses (osteochondromas) showed varying appearances in roentgenography and had cartilage caps on their surfaces. Exostoses occurring only in the pes anserinus may or may not be osteochondromata and could be classified as pes anserinus bony spurs. PMID- 3259484 TI - Planar and SPECT Tc-99m red blood cell imaging in hepatic cavernous hemangiomas and other hepatic lesions. AB - The utility of Tc-99m RBC imaging in the diagnosis of hepatic cavernous hemangiomas has been established. Of the 25 patients with various focal hepatic lesions evaluated, 16 were diagnosed as having hemangiomas: eight proven by surgery, two proven by angiography, and six proven by maintaining a stable clinical course ranging from 6 to 12 months with normal follow-up liver function tests. Although fourteen of these were detected by planar imaging, two were detected by SPECT only. Two patients with large hemangiomas had false-negative scans, whereas the remaining seven patients had other liver lesions. PMID- 3259485 TI - Cerebral infarction pattern identified on emission computed tomography using technetium-99m MDP. AB - In the metastatic work-up of a patient with a malignant lung tumor and cerebrovascular disease, bone imaging was performed which showed abnormal uptake in the right parietal region. Emission computed tomography indicated that this was due to intracranial disease and revealed a wedge-shaped pattern indicative of cerebral infarction. A later follow-up study showed complete clearance of the abnormal uptake. PMID- 3259486 TI - Use of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine among preschool attendees. AB - Use of the Hib vaccine during the first 15 months after licensure was studied in a university-based preschool program. Questionnaires were sent to the parents of the 176 children, ages 29-82 months, enrolled; 115 questionnaires (65.3%) were returned. Fifty seven children (49.6%) had received the Hib vaccine; the mean age at immunization was 40.6 months (range, 22-70 months). Of the 17 children who were under age 24 months at the time of vaccine licensure (April 1985), 14 (82%) were ultimately immunized. One child (age 22 months) received the vaccine before age 24 months. At 15 months after licensure, 80 percent of the 2-year-old children were immunized; 78 percent of 3 year olds; 55 percent of 4 year olds; 15 percent of 5 year olds; and 17 percent of 6 year olds. Thus, although the vaccine was underused as defined by the current recommendations for this group of children, the majority of children at greatest risk for disease--those under age 4 years--were immunized. PMID- 3259487 TI - Effects of the anabolic steroid stanozolol on cells derived from human bone. AB - 1. In this study, cells derived from explants of human trabecular bone were treated with the anabolic steroid stanozolol in order to determine whether the potential therapeutic effect of this agent might be explained by direct effects on skeletal tissue. 2. Stanozolol at a concentration of 10(-10) mol/l to 10(-6) mol/l consistently stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of human bone cells and increased proliferation. 3. Stanozolol had variable effects on the expression of two other markers of the osteoblast phenotype, namely the bone-specific vitamin-K-dependent protein osteocalcin, and the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. Although stanozolol tended to increase the values, this was not seen in all experiments. 4. We conclude that human bone cells respond to stanozolol. The effects of this agent on cell proliferation may be important in understanding the mode of action of this drug in the treatment of osteopenic disorders. PMID- 3259488 TI - Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha are not involved in the monocytic-product (interleukin-1)-induced stimulation of hepatic fibrinogen synthesis in rats. AB - 1. Monocytic products, especially interleukin-1 (IL-1), play an important role in the acute-phase response. Prostaglandins have been shown to act as second messengers in several physiological alterations of the acute-phase response, such as fever, muscle wasting and immunoregulation. The present study was undertaken to determine the role of prostaglandins in the monocytic-product-induced stimulation of the hepatic synthesis of fibrinogen, a well-known acute-phase protein. 2. Prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2 alpha and 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 did not stimulate fibrinogen synthesis and fibrinogen polypeptide mRNA content when administered intraperitoneally to rats or when added to monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes. 3. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors did not abolish the stimulation of fibrinogen synthesis and its mRNA content induced by monocytic products in vivo or in vitro. 4. These findings indicate that the enhanced synthesis of fibrinogen induced by monocytic products (including IL-1) during the acute-phase response is not mediated by prostaglandins or other products of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid. PMID- 3259489 TI - BMY-28100, a new oral cephalosporin: antimicrobial activity against nearly 7,000 recent clinical isolates, comparative potency with other oral agents, and activity against beta-lactamase producing isolates. AB - The antimicrobial activity of BMY-28100 was tested against approximately 7,000 bacterial pathogens in a multicenter, multiphased collaborative investigation. The BMY-28100 spectrum and antimicrobial potency was most similar to that of cefaclor and superior to that of cephalexin among currently available cephalosporins. Species that had greater than or equal to 90% of clinical strains inhibited by BMY-28100 (less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml) were: Citrobacter diversus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus supp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. bovis, serogroup C and G streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes and gm-positive anaerobes. BMY-28100 inhibited 9% more of the 6286 fresh clinical isolates at less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml than cefaclor at the same concentration. BMY-28100 was generally bactericidal, but MICs for some species were markedly increased when an inoculum concentration of 10(7) CFU/ml was used. Strains producing plasmid mediated beta-lactamases (TEM, OXA, SHV, HMS) were susceptible to BMY-28100, cefaclor, and cefuroxime. BMY-28100 was less active against strains producing chromosomal-mediated beta-lactamases (Types I and IV). BMY-28100 was not hydrolyzed significantly by the tested plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases, but was destroyed by Type I cephalosporinases and Klebsiella K1 enzymes. PMID- 3259490 TI - Susceptibility of multiply resistant Haemophilus influenzae to newer antimicrobial agents. AB - One hundred and six isolates of Haemophilus influenzae from a national antimicrobial surveillance study demonstrated resistance to two or more of 10 primary antimicrobial agents by mechanisms other than or in addition to beta lactamase. Of particular note were strains multiply resistant to ampicillin (by beta-lactamase production), chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline in various combinations. All of the aforementioned strains were shown to be highly susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, the second generation cephalosporins cefuroxime and cefonicid, and the third generation cephalosporins cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and cefixime. However, 68 strains that demonstrated resistance or marginal susceptibility (MIC greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml) to ampicillin by mechanisms other than beta-lactamase, also demonstrated reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanate (MICs up to 8 micrograms/ml) and the second generation cephalosporins (MICs up to 32 micrograms/ml). While the latter strains were susceptible to the third generation cephalosporins, MICs were often 10-fold higher than MICs of ampicillin susceptible isolates or of beta-lactamase producing isolates. All of the multiply antimicrobial-resistant strains were highly susceptible (MIC less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml) to the two quinolones ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin. PMID- 3259491 TI - Youth suicide in California: a comparative study of perceived causes and interventions. AB - Comparative survey data were obtained from five sample groups of respondents composed of young people 12 to 20 years of age, parents of young people within this age range, and respondents to psychological autopsies of decreased youth. The findings revealed that family dysfunction, intrapersonal psychopathology and distress, problems with interpersonal relationships, and drug and alcohol abuse were most frequently mentioned by the respondents as the major causes of youth suicide. In terms of solutions, the availability of social support from family and friends and access to formal intervention programs for troubled adolescents were seen as the most effective measures that could be taken to stop young people from intentionally hurting themselves. PMID- 3259492 TI - Crossed aphasia: functional studies with single photon emission computerized tomography. AB - The correlation between clinical picture, CT scan and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) assessed by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) was investigated in two patients with crossed aphasia. The presence and degree or right hemisphere dysfunction, beyond the areas affected by CT, closely paralleled the time course of language disturbances in both patients: transient aphasia in case 1 was associated with temporary reduction of perfusion in the right hemisphere, while in case 2 persistent aphasia and apraxia were found along with severe right hemisphere hypoperfusion three year after the onset of stroke. PMID- 3259493 TI - Cyanogen bromide fragments of bovine interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein induce experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in Lewis rats. AB - Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a retinal specific antigen, induces experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) when injected into Lewis rats. Here we report that certain cyanogen bromide fragments of IRBP are capable of inducing EAU. Bovine IRBP, reduced and S-carboxymethylated, was subjected to cyanogen bromide cleavage. This CNBr digest was subjected to reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Three fragments were purified to apparent homogeneity. These three fragments were subjected to gas-phase amino-terminal sequencing analysis. All three yielded single sequences, confirming their purity. On the basis of this amino-terminal sequencing and sequencing of cDNAs encoding bovine IRBP, two of these sequences, named CB-58 and CB-71, were localized to the C-terminal one-third of the IRBP molecule, whereas the third, a subfragment thought to result from cleavage at a tryptophan residue and named CB-47, was localized to the N-terminal one third of the protein. CB-71 and CB-47 shared a strong homology, suggesting a putative internal gene duplication event in the evolution of IRBP. All three of these fragments when injected into Lewis rats caused moderately severe EAU with early onset at relatively low doses. The histopathologic changes induced were indistinguishable from those caused by the intact protein. It would seem, therefore, that bovine IRBP contains multiple uveitogenic sites. PMID- 3259494 TI - Smoking, leukocyte count, and ventilatory lung function in working men. AB - Results of a cross-sectional study of ventilatory lung function (VLF) in a group of 307 working men showed that the leukocyte count in peripheral blood is more closely associated with the relative position (percentile) of a person in the frequency distribution of VLF than is smoking intensity. Leukocyte count is significantly (and inversely) correlated with VLF in nonsmokers as well as in smokers. A multiple regression analysis indicated that, after accounting for the effect of height and age, white blood cell (WBC) count explains more of the VLF variance than many other health determinants. Moreover, WBC count is the only variable, apart from height and age, that contributes significantly to the regression. Current smokers with elevated leukocyte count in peripheral blood may constitute a defined high-risk group because they demonstrate more negative regression age coefficients when compared with smokers without elevated WBC or with nonsmokers. Mechanisms that may explain these findings are discussed. PMID- 3259495 TI - The effects of rapid volume expansion on the right and left cardiac filling pressures after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Rapid volume expansion is a diagnostic procedure which can reveal typical hemodynamics of pericardial constriction in patients with pericardial disease who have normal hemodynamics in their baseline state. We studied 20 patients with previous coronary artery bypass surgery in order to determine whether this operation results in some degree of pericardial constriction which could be demonstrated by rapid volume expansion. After infusing 1 L of physiologic saline solution over six minutes, the right atrial pressure increased by 5 +/- 2 mm Hg, the right ventricular diastolic pressure by 4 +/- 3 mm Hg, the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure by 7 +/- 3 mm Hg, and the left ventricular diastolic pressure by 7 +/- 4 mm Hg (mean +/- SD). Equalization of the left and right cardiac pressures was not observed, and the normal respiratory variation of the pressures was not altered by rapid volume expansion. Thus, the pericardial manipulation associated with the performance of coronary artery bypass surgery does not commonly result in the development of subclinical pericardial constriction. PMID- 3259496 TI - Immunomodulation of influenza virus infection in the precipitating asthma attack. AB - Twelve asthmatic children (ages four to ten years) had attacks of asthma associated with influenza infection during the spring of 1985. Virus isolation and serologic studies proved eight cases were A/Philippine/2/82 (H1N2) and four cases were B/USSR/100/83. Four cases of A/Philippine/2/82 and two cases of B/USSR/100/83 were isolated from six control subjects who had suffered from influenza infection without asthma attack. The absolute lymphocyte count, T cell subsets increased in influenza patients both with and without asthma attack. However, the OKT4/OKT8 ratio markedly decreased in the influenza with asthma group during the acute phase. Since the fresh asthmatic patients had decreased OKT4/OKT8 ratio and increased lympho-proliferative response, IL-2 production increased after their lymphocytes were stimulated with housedust antigen and returned to near normal after hyposensitization therapy. Therefore, these results suggest that influenza virus has asthmagenicity and may contribute to precipitating an asthma attack. PMID- 3259497 TI - Diagnosing P carinii. PMID- 3259498 TI - Life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage with omeprazole. PMID- 3259499 TI - [Characteristics of production and sorption of interleukin 2 by lymphoid cells during growth of transplanted sarcoma]. AB - The ability of lymph node and spleen cells to secrete and sorb interleukin-2 (IL 2) during the growth of sarcomas induced by 20-methylcholanthrene is studied. Lymph node cells show an increased level of IL-2 production at early stages of the tumour growth whereas spleen cells produced IL-2 in minimal amounts. A decrease in the IL-2 production by lymph node cells with the tumour growth and a relative increase of IL-2 production in the spleen cell pool are observed. At all stages of the tumour growth the ability of lymphoid cells to sorb IL-2 decreased strongly in comparison with the analogous cells of normal animals activated by mitogen. Lymph node cells of animals with tumour sorb IL-2 more effectively than splenocytes. PMID- 3259500 TI - [2 phenotypic variants of B-cell lymphocytic leukemia]. AB - A phenotype of lymphoid cells of peripheral blood in 38 patients with B-cel chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) was determined by means of a set of monoclonal antibodies. In the majority of the cases (32 persons--group I) the cells had an incomplete phenotype (CD 20+, CD 21-, CD 22-, CD 24+, CD 37+). In 6 patients (group II) cells had all the surface markers peculiar to B-CLL cells (phenotype--CD 20+, CD 21+, CD 22+, CD 24+, CD 37+). In 2 out of 6 cases lymphoid cells contained E-receptor (CD 2+). Cells of the patients from group I and II differed also in the level of TUI-receptor. An assumption is advanced about the existence of two phenotypic variants of B-CLL and about a possible association of CD 21 and CD 22 receptors. PMID- 3259501 TI - [Immunocytological characteristics of primary lesions of the lymph nodes in children with lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - Antilymphocytic monoclonal antibodies of UKO and OKT series were used to study surface lymphocytic antigens in 40 primarily affected lymphatic nodes in 19 children with lymphogranulomatosis. In 17 lymphatic nodes immunological reaction was determined as the T-type (OKT3+--42.3 +/- 2.73%); and in 23--the T-cell population depletion was revealed (OKT3+--15.1 +/- 1.37%, P less than 0.001). It was shown that in the course of the disease the depletion of T-cell lymphocytic population comes more rapidly than that of B-cell. It is accompanied by an increase in the number of lymphocytes carring Ia-like antigens on the membrane (UKO-1+). PMID- 3259502 TI - Subcellular distribution of 3H--hydrocortisone and its metabolites in the liver and kidneys of normal and alloxan diabetic rats. AB - Subcellular distribution of 3H-hydrocortisone and its metabolites in the liver and kidney of intact and alloxan diabetic rats was investigated. Ten minutes after the administration of this hormone several metabolites (mostly tetrahydrocortisol) and the native hormone were found in liver cytosol, microsomes, mitochondria and nuclei, the relative content of individual compounds in various subcellular fractions being different. In liver mitochondria, microsomes and nuclei of alloxan diabetic rats the concentration of tetrahydrocortisol was decreased, while that of native hormone was increased as compared to normal animals. It was suggested that such changes found in diabetic animals may be one of the causes of increased sensitivity of transcription and translation processes to glucocorticoids. In kidney cytosol and microsomes of intact rats cortisone and tetrahydrocortisol were found. In diabetic animals, however, the concentration of tetrahydrocortisol increased, while that of cortisone was undetectable. PMID- 3259503 TI - Iodothyronines in human bile. AB - Bile was collected from 7 patients after cholecystectomy with routine T-tube drainage of bile duct postoperatively. In all patients reported, the total volume of bile collected was more than 500 ml which was considered to be close to the volume of bile excreted by the liver during the 24 h collection period. The excretion of total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronines (T3 and rT3) and diiodothyronines (3,3'-T2, 3,5-T2 and 3'.5'-T2) was estimated with the aid of specific radioimmunoassay described previously. It was found that the total amount of T4 corresponded to its content in about 100 ml plasma, while corresponding figures for triiodothyronines were about 1000-1500 ml and these for diiodothyronines about 10-15 liters. It was concluded that in man the biliary excretion of iodothyronines appears to be of much less importance for their total body balance than in rats. PMID- 3259504 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of thiol: protein disulfide oxidoreductase in hypothalamic neurons of Brattleboro rat. AB - The immunolocalization of thiol: protein disulfide oxidoreductase (TPO) in CNS of Wistar rats and homozygous Brattleboro rats was investigated by use of monospecific antiserum and Sternberger's unlabelled immunoenzyme technique. It was revealed that TPO is present in hypothalamic neurons belonging to nucleus supraopticus and paraventricularis. The number of immunopositive nerve cells was reduced in Brattleboro rats as compared to Wistar rats. It was concluded that TPO must have tasks in CNS unrelated to the management of vasopressin production and/or processing. PMID- 3259505 TI - Effect of human growth hormone and somatomedin on the recovery of sheep red blood cell receptor in peripheral T-lymphocytes. AB - The effect of growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin (SM) on the recovery of sheep red blood cell (SRBC) receptor in trypsinized human T-lymphocytes was studied either with the use of sera from patients with acromegaly or pituitary dwarfism or after the addition of exogenous GH, SM or thymosin to human sera. It was found that GH does not show any effect on the recovery of SRBC receptor, but it may act through the increase of SM level. It was concluded that the regulation of cellular immunity may be influenced by GH through its stimulatory action on the synthesis and release of somatomedins. PMID- 3259506 TI - Semisynthetic derivatives of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate substituted at the 1 phosphate group. Effects on calcium release from permeabilized guinea-pig parotid acinar cells and comparison with binding to aldolase A. AB - Derivatives of inositol 1,4,5-(tris)phosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] substituted at phosphate 1 were compared with respect to their calcium releasing effect in permeabilized guinea pig parotid acinar cells and to their inhibitory action on aldolase A. sn-Glycero(3)-1-phospho-D-myo-inositol-4,5-(bis)phosphate, but also glycolaldehyde(2)-1-phospho-D-myo-inositol-4,5-(bis)phosphate [GcaPIns(4,5)P2] and its derivative N-octyl-aminoethanol(1)-1-phospho-D-myo-inositol-4,5 (bis)phosphate stimulated calcium release and inhibited aldolase A. The relative efficacy of the different derivatives of Ins(1,4,5)P3 was similar for both effects. N-Hydroxyethyl-2-aminoethanol(1)-1-phospho-D-myo-inositol-4,5-(bis)phosp hate [HeAetPIns(4,5)P2], another derivative of GcaPIns(4,5)P2 was considerably less effective on both parameters than the other Ins(1,4,5)P3 derivatives. Although the concentration leading to half-maximal activation of calcium release varied from 1.7 microM for Ins(1,4,5)P3 to 128 microM for HeAetPIns(4,5)P2, the maximal effect was the same for all derivatives. The results indicate that the 1 phosphate group of Ins(1,4,5)P3 can be modified without or with only minor loss of biological activity. This may be utilized for future studies aiming at elucidating the putative Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding site. PMID- 3259507 TI - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium is a substrate of the vesicular monoamine uptake system of chromaffin granules. PMID- 3259508 TI - The effect of pumiliotoxin-B on the excitability of bullfrog sympathetic neurons. AB - The effects of the alkaloid pumiliotoxin-B were investigated on neurons from bullfrog paravertebral ganglia using current-clamp techniques. Pumiliotoxin-B (2 microM) induced repetitive action potential discharge or bursting pacemaker activity in response to a single stimulus. The toxin had no significant effect on the mean resting potential or action potential characteristics of single action potentials evoked prior to the action potential discharge onset. During the action potential discharge, action potential threshold and afterhyperpolarization amplitude were decreased. In the presence of pumiliotoxin-B, single action potentials were followed by a depolarizing afterpotential. Pumiliotoxin-B still induced action potential discharge in Ca2+-free or Cd2+-containing solutions. Brief superfusion with a Na+-free or tetrodotoxin-containing solution abolished the pumiliotoxin-B-induced action potential discharge prior to the blockade of directly elicited single action potentials. These solutions decreased or abolished the depolarizing afterpotential. Pumiliotoxin-B increases membrane excitability and can induce a stimulation-dependent action potential discharge which appears to result from a tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+-sensitive potential. PMID- 3259509 TI - [18F]setoperone: a new high-affinity ligand for positron emission tomography study of the serotonin-2 receptors in baboon brain in vivo. AB - The potential usefulness of 18F-labelled setoperone, a high-affinity antagonist of the serotonin-2 (S2) receptors, to study the S2 receptors in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) was investigated in four baboons. In the control state, there was a rapid wash-out of intravenously injected tracer from the cerebellum, a structure essentially devoid of S2, receptors, and marked retention in both the cerebral cortex and the striatum (region/cerebellum ratios up to 3 and 3.5 after 60 min in cortex and striatum, respectively). The retention of radioligand in the cerebral cortex was abolished after pretreatment with spiperone or ketanserin at saturating doses. In striatum, however, radioligand retention was fully prevented by spiperone but only partly by ketanserin. These results demonstrate that [18F]setoperone was bound to the S2 receptors in the cerebral cortex, whereas the radioligand was bound to both the S2 and the dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum. The high cortex/cerebellum ratio achieved indicates that [18F]setoperone should be a useful radiotracer for PET studies of the S2 receptors. PMID- 3259510 TI - Alteration in growth, cell morphology, and cytoskeletal structures of KB cells induced by epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta. AB - Long-term biological effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were examined with human epidermoid carcinoma KB cells. EGF inhibited the growth of KB cells in both serum-containing and serum-free synthetic media by reducing the growth rate and by lowering the saturation density. The cells cultured with EGF showed relatively high motility and grew dispersely as single cells, whereas the cells cultured in the absence of EGF grew in clusters. Although TGF-beta itself did not inhibit the growth of KB cells, it augmented the growth inhibition by EGF. TGF-beta also affected the cell morphology. In the presence of TGF-beta, the cells became flattened and actin stress fibers were well developed compared to those cultured in its absence. The effects of EGF on growth, cell motility, and cell morphology were reversible. Tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptors was continuously observed for at least 50 h in the presence of EGF. TGF-beta did not increase the phosphorylation induced by EGF. These results suggested that signals continuously transmitted through EGF receptors caused the changes in cell growth and morphology and that TGF-beta did not act on the cells by modulating binding of EGF to its receptors or activation of the receptor kinase. In contrast to EGF and TGF-beta, neither insulin nor IGF-I affected cell morphology or growth, although KB cells express their receptors and the receptor kinases were also continuously activated during exposure of the cells to insulin or IGF-I. PMID- 3259511 TI - Stabilizing gaze reflexes in the pigeon (Columba livia). II. Vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and vestibulo-collic (closed-loop VCR) reflexes. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the closed-loop vestibulo-collic reflex (CL VCR) were investigated in the pigeon. The animals, placed either in the fixed head condition (VOR) or in the free-head condition (CL-VCR) were rotated in darkness (vestibular responses) or in the presence of visual surroundings (visuo vestibular responses). The linear range of the reflexes were determined both in the frequency and in the velocity domains. Results show that: 1. Pigeons develop a strong VOR, which presents the same asymmetry observed with the OKN, the gain being higher when the slow-phase occurs in the T-N direction. This asymmetry persists in the light (VOR + OKN). In the free-head condition, both the eye and the head display a synchronized nystagmus whose effects are additive. The head reflex (CL-VCR) contributes about 80% of the gaze stabilization. 2. In the medium low frequency range, the head response (CL-VCR) has a lower gain than the VOR (head-fixed), but the gain of both reflexes increases with frequency, up to about 1 at 0.6-1 Hz. The gaze response (eye + head) presents an optimal gain above 0.06 Hz. The phase lead is higher for the VOR than for the CL-VCR (40 degrees and 32 degrees respectively at 0.03 Hz), but both phases also become nul around 1 Hz. The time constants are 6.5 s for the VOR, 8.5 s for the CL-VCR and 9.6 s for the gaze response (VOR + CL-VCR). 3. While the VOR gain shows a saturation at peak stimulation velocities (PV) higher than 20 degrees/s (at 0.3 Hz), the CL-VCR gain is linear at least up to 60 degrees/s (the highest PV used). However, the phase lead declines when the PV is greater than 20 degrees/s, both for the VOR and the CL-VCR. 4. When the vestibular stimulation is delivered in the light (visuo vestibular stimulation), there is no phase shift. The VOR gain (fixed-head) is optimal and linear over the entire frequency range, but it saturates for PV higher than 40 degrees/s. In the free-head condition, while the gaze gain is linear and close to 1 in both the frequency and the velocity domains, the head response gain (CL-VCR) remains lower especially in the low frequency and in the low velocity ranges. PMID- 3259512 TI - Successful combination therapy with electroejaculation and in vitro fertilization embryo transfer in the treatment of a paraplegic male with severe oligoasthenospermia. PMID- 3259513 TI - Sterilization regret among Puerto Rican women. AB - This study examined sterilization regret among Puerto Rican women with contraceptive tubal sterilizations (TS) using retrospective data from a population-based survey of women aged 15 to 49 years. Twenty-one percent of the 846 respondents expressed some regret, with 11% stating definite dissatisfaction with the decision. Factors associated with regret were young age at TS, absence of daughters, someone else making the decision to be sterilized, medical indications for TS, sterilization failure, and living with a new marital partner. There were no significant effects associated with the timing of sterilization, whether interval or postpartum, or with the type of last delivery. Other factors not independently associated with regret included years since TS, parity, education, and age at follow-up. PMID- 3259514 TI - [Endothelial relaxation factor as a local modulator of arterial function. The possibility of stabilization]. AB - Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) exerted no inhibitory effect on papillary muscles or the rat portal vein. Externally applied acetylcholine did not reach aorta endothelium to stimulate the EDRF release in rabbits, nor bradykinin in the pig coronary artery segments. Acetylcholine penetrated, however, canine femoral artery wall and stimulated the release of EDRF. Stabilizing of the EDRF released from perfused rabbit thoracic aorta, seems to be possible. PMID- 3259515 TI - [Cellular mechanisms of hypoxic coronary spasm]. AB - Transient hypoxic contraction (THC) of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of isolated human, canine and porcine coronary artery rings was preserved in Ca2+--free solution and abolished with procaine. The data obtained suggest that the THC of the coronary VSM is mediated via a Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum under the effect of inositol-1,4, 5-triphosphate and may be triggered by action of endogenous noradrenaline on alpha 1-adrenoceptors. The mechanism of beta adrenergic relaxation was not actualized in the hypoxia because of uncoupling of the beta-adrenoceptors from adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3259516 TI - [Effects of phorbol esters and various growth factors on prostaglandin E2 synthesis by cultured porcine thyroid cells]. AB - The effects of phorbol esters and various growth factors on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis by cultured porcine thyroid cells were examined. Phorbol 12 myristate, 13-acetate (PMA), phorbol 12, 13-dibutylate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) stimulated PGE2 production in a dose-related fashion. PMA stimulated PGE2 production over fifty-fold with a dose of 10(-7) M compared with controls during 4h incubation. EGF (10(-7) M) also stimulated it about ten-fold. The ED50 values of PMA and EGF were around 1 X 10(-9) M and 5 X 10(-10) M respectively. FBS also clearly stimulated it about ten-fold with a concentration of 20%. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and inactive phorbol, however, did not stimulate PGE2 production. The release of radioactivity from [3H]-arachidonic acid (A.A.) prelabeled cells was also stimulated by PMA, EGF and FBS. These results indicate that PMA, EGF and FBS are potent stimulators of PGE2 production, associated with the activity to stimulate A.A. release in thyroid cells. Secondly, in order to elucidate some mechanism(s) of the stimulation by these factors of PGE2 production, effects of various agents such as EGTA, Ca2+ ionophore (A-23187), cycloheximide, hydrocortisone and para-bromophenacylbromide (p-BPB) were examined on PGE2 production and/or [3H]-A.A. release by thyroid cells. Chelation of Ca2+ by EGTA, treatment of cells with hydrocortisone, an inducer of lipocortin which may inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, or inhibition of PLA2 activity by p-BPB clearly inhibited PGE2 production and/or [3H]-A.A. release induced by PMA, EGF and FBS. Cycloheximide also blocked the PMA or EGF-stimulated [3H]-A.A. release and PGE2 synthesis. On the other hand, Ca2+ ionophore (A-23187) potentiated PMA- or EGF-stimulation. Furthermore, the Ca2+ ionophore alone-induced stimulation was clearly inhibited by the treatment with hydrocortisone or p-BPB. These data indicate that an increase of Ca2+ in cytosol is important to PLA2 activation, and also that PLA2 may be activated by PMA, EGF and FBS in thyroid cells. The inhibition of PMA- or EGF-induced [3H]-A.A. release and PGE2 synthesis by cycloheximide suggests that both factors-induced stimulation may be sensitive to regulation by short-lived protein(s). Finally, other growth factors such as insulin (0.1-10 micrograms/ml), insulin like growth factor I (IGF-1) (10(-9)-10(-7) M) and interleukin 1 alpha (1-100 ng/ml) also stimulated PGE2 production by thyroid cells in the presence or absence of EGF (10(-10)-10(-9) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259518 TI - Alteration of glycoproteins during amphibian metamorphosis. AB - In metamorphosing tadpole liver, the quantitative and qualitative changes in glycoproteins were observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin-peroxidase method. PMID- 3259517 TI - Exocrine pancreatic function in chronic urticaria patients is normal. AB - 25 patients with chronic urticaria suspected to be of 'alimentary origin', were studied for a quantitative or qualitative deficiency of pancreatic enzyme secretion. All showed a normal fecal chymotrypsin excretion and 23/25 a normal bentiromide (PABA) and pancreolauryl test. In 2 females the urinary PABA and pancreolauryl tests were borderline pathological. This does not support the hypothesis that a pancreatic deficiency (of the kind which could be identified with the methods used) is associated with chronic urticaria in patients in whom improvement of urticaria occurs under a hydric or low antigenic diet. PMID- 3259519 TI - Regulation of the production of a prolactin-like protein (MRP/PLF) in 3T3 cells and in the mouse placenta. AB - Mitogen-regulated protein (MRP), a heterogeneously glycosylated mouse protein of Mr 34,000, is in the same protein family as prolactin, growth hormone, and placental lactogen. We show here that the level of translatable MRP mRNA is increased in response to fibroblast growth factor. Also, the amount of MRP secreted by 3T3 cells is modulated by the rate of degradation of newly synthesized MRP in the lysosomes. This is indicated by several results. First, agents that inhibit protein degradation by lysosomal proteases selectively increased by 2- to 6-fold the incorporation of [35S]methionine into MRP. These agents are ammonium chloride, the carboxylic ionophores, monensin and nigericin, and two thiol protease inhibitors, leupeptin and antipain. MRP that has already been secreted is not degraded by 3T3 cells. We examined the developmental appearance of MRP using immunofluorescence microscopy and found MRP localized in the mouse placenta between days 9 and 13 of development. The amount of MRP in the placenta drops suddenly after day 13. Whereas the appearance of MRP in the placenta follows the reported appearance of its mRNA, MRP disappears from the placenta more rapidly than its mRNA. On the basis of the results of our studies with cells in culture we propose that the production of MRP in the placenta is regulated similarly to prolactin. Thus we propose that the initial increase in MRP production in the placenta is due to pretranslational regulation by growth factors, and the later rapid decline is due to posttranslational regulation through degradation in the lysosomes. PMID- 3259520 TI - Local reactions of the saponin Quil A and a Quil A containing iscom measles vaccine after intramuscular injection of rats: a comparison with the effect of DPT-polio vaccine. AB - A short-term toxicity study was performed to investigate local reactions and hematological changes after im injection of Quillaia A (Quil A; 50 or 600 micrograms/ml) an essential component of an immunostimulating complex (iscom), a novel form of a subunit vaccine, and of iscom measles vaccine containing 360 micrograms Quil A/ml. The effects were compared with those caused by a sterile phosphate-buffered saline solution and by diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-polio (DPT polio) vaccine. Groups of six male rats were injected im with 0.25 ml of the test solution: on Day 0 in the left and on Day 7 in the right musculus gastrocnemius. On Day 14 the animals were killed, and the left and right inguinal lymph nodes were weighed. These organs and the left and right musculus gastrocnemius were investigated microscopically. The only hematological changes observed occurred in the group injected with DPT-polio vaccine: a decrease in the Hb value and in the number of erythrocytes and an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin content and in the number of leucocytes. The weights of the left and right inguinal lymph nodes were significantly increased in rats injected with DPT-polio vaccine, iscom measles vaccine, and the high dose of Quil A. The most intense granulomatous inflammatory reaction, mainly consisting of activated macrophages, was observed at the injection sites of all animals of the DPT-polio group. Only one animal injected with the iscom measles vaccine showed a moderate inflammatory reaction of the same type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259521 TI - [Endoscopic sclerotherapy versus propranolol after hemorrhage caused by rupture of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. Results of a 4-year randomized study]. AB - Between December 1982 and April 1987, we conducted a prospective randomized trial comparing the efficiency of endoscopic sclerotherapy with oral propranolol after variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. We present our results after a median follow-up of 3 years (range = 57-231 weeks). The sclerotherapy group (S) consisted of 28 patients and the propranolol group (P), 27 patients. The two groups were similar for age, sex, etiology and severity of liver disease, and severity of hemorrhage; the only difference concerned previous hemorrhages which were significantly more numerous in the S group. Sclerotherapy was performed with polidocanol 1 p. 100. A slow-release preparation of propranolol was used; the average daily dose was 160 mg. Eighteen patients in the S group had at least one hemorrhagic recurrence as opposed to 12 in the P group. This difference was not significant nor was the difference between actuarial curves of no-rebleeding (p = 0.30). No difference was noted concerning total deaths (15 in S versus 12 in P). Cumulative survival curves showed a non-significative difference (p = 0.99) percentages of survival in S and P groups were 75.0 p. 100 and 73.6 p. 100 at 1 year, 67.9 p. 100 and 64.6 p. 100 at 2 years, and 51.1 p. 100 and 52.7 p. 100 at 3 years respectively. Stratification according to Child's group, variceal size and history of variceal hemorrhage did not modify these results. However, male patients had less hemorrhagic recurrences with propranolol than after sclerotherapy. Length of hospitalization was not different in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259522 TI - [Impulse galvanization in postoperative urination disorders]. AB - In this study we examined the therapeutic effect of impulse-galvanization in patients with voiding difficulties after anterior vaginal repair. Patients (n = 56/79) revealing residual urine until the sixth postoperative day were studied. Considering the onset of the first spontaneous micturition and the lack of residual urine no significant difference was found in the group undergoing impulse-galvanization (n = 19) compared to a group without therapy (n = 37). By adjuvant treatment with alpha-sympathicolytics, spasmolytics or tranquilizers patients with impulse-galvanization and the comparative group were found to be without residual urine 11.2 and 13 days after surgery, respectively (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3259523 TI - Gall stones in a Danish population: fertility period, pregnancies, and exogenous female sex hormones. AB - From a cross sectional study of gall stone disease ascertained by ultrasonography, the prevalence in relation to age at menarche, use of oral contraceptives, childbirths, breastfeeding, abortions, age at menopause, and menopausal hormone therapy was assessed. The random sample comprised 2301 women of Danish origin aged 30, 40, 50, and 60 years, of whom 1765 (77%) attended the investigation. Gall stone disease was significantly associated with young age at menarche, abortions, and multiple childbirth. Use of oral contraceptives was significantly associated with gall stone disease in univariate analysis, but not in multivariate analysis. Breastfeeding, age at menopause and menopausal hormone therapy were not associated with gall stones. These determining variables seemed sufficient to explain the higher prevalence of gall stone disease in women than in men. PMID- 3259524 TI - Results of an epidemiological survey of ocular pressure in France. PMID- 3259525 TI - [Exfoliation syndrome in a non-selected Finnish population group]. PMID- 3259526 TI - [Acute angle-block glaucoma--an epidemiologic study in Savoy]. PMID- 3259527 TI - [Prevalence of liver damage and related factors among Hisayama residents--results obtained from cross-sectional survey]. PMID- 3259528 TI - Study of drug consumption in a working environment in France. AB - 1. The present study was conducted to investigate drug consumption in a working environment by means of an anonymous questionnaire given to 2221 subjects and answered in the presence of the work physician. 2. Among the 2221 subjects, 922 had taken at least 1 drug during the week just preceding the medical visit to the company. 3. Women used significantly more hypnotics, sedatives, analgesics, and endocrinologic drugs and homeopathic agents than men, who tended to take more respiratory drugs. 4. Consumption of drugs significantly increased with age. 5. The mean value of estimated difficulty of work was higher in subjects taking drugs in general, as well as hypnotics, sedatives, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents and gastrointestinal drugs. There was a significant relationship between difficulty of work and total number of medicines taken. 6. Manual workers in general, took no more drugs than nonmanual workers, except for analgesics, anti inflammatory drugs, and antibiotics. Nonmanual workers used homeopathy more than manual workers. 7. The presence of extraprofessional problems was associated with an increase in drug consumption. PMID- 3259530 TI - An international study of mortality from achalasia. AB - Mortality associated with achalasia was studied in 28 populations from 26 countries. 829 deaths were reported in a total population of 754 million over periods ranging from 1 to 8 years. Standardised mortality rates (SMR) were calculated in comparison with the USA white population (SMR = 100; 95% confidence limits = 89-112). The highest mortalities were recorded in New Zealand (SMR = 259; 95% confidence limits 131-420) and the lowest in Spanish speaking countries such as Panama (SMR = 0; confidence interval 0-210) and Spain (SMR = 22; confidence interval 3-79). PMID- 3259529 TI - The influence of HLA antigens on progression of alcoholic liver disease. AB - The aim of our study was to elucidate further possible genetic influences on the incidence and progression of alcoholic liver disease. We determined HLA A, B and DR antigens in a well-controlled group of chronic alcoholics with and without liver disease, in repeated liver biopsies over period of 8.1 years (+/- 0.4 SEM). Patients with the antigen B 35 had an increased incidence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, and especially a more rapid progression to cirrhosis (p less than 0.01). Increased susceptibility of these patients was shown by a more rapid progression of liver disease, despite the consumation of less alcohol over a shorter period. Results of this long-term study suggest that there is a sub-group of alcoholics genetically predisposed to higher susceptibility with more rapid deterioration of alcohol-induced liver disease. PMID- 3259531 TI - Osteocalcin levels in Cushing's disease before and after treatment. PMID- 3259532 TI - Multiple gastric red spots, capillary ectasia, hypergastrinemia and hypopepsinogenemia I in cirrhosis: a new syndrome? PMID- 3259534 TI - Self-assessed female maturation stages: a research tool. PMID- 3259533 TI - Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma, a tumour related to the marginal zone. AB - Monocytoid B-lymphocytes are a B-cell subset present in subcapsular sinuses in some cases of lymphadenitis. We describe a case of lymphoma of this cell type. The tumour shows a distinctive morphology characterized by concentric strands of tumour cells around lymphoid follicles with hyperplastic germinal centres and conserved mantle zones. Electron microscopy of these cells shows short cellular processes as well as moderate development of endoplasmic reticulum. The phenotype of the tumour was monoclonal IgM-kappa, distinct from other node-based B-cell subpopulations and suggesting a possible relationship to the lymphocytes of the marginal zone present peripheral to lymphoid follicles of the spleen. Morphological features that suggest a relationship with hairy cell leukaemia are contrasted by phenotypic differences and the ultrastructural absence of ribosomic lamellar complexes. PMID- 3259535 TI - Primary histiocytosis X of the parieto-occipital lobe. AB - Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence support the concept that histiocytosis X is the result of proliferation of pathological Langerhans' cells. Central nervous system involvement by histiocytosis X has been commonly described in multisystem disease and in association with lytic skull lesions. Unifocal brain involvement by histiocytosis X without concomitant osseous involvement is rare, with only 14 cases reported in the literature to date. Ten of these cases have involved the hypothalamus; the remaining four have involved the frontal lobe (two cases) and the temporal lobe (two cases). The fifth case of extrahypothalamic unifocal histiocytosis X, the first female case, and the first case with parieto-occipital lobe involvement, is reported. Pathology demonstrated infiltration of brain parenchyma by clusters of characteristic histiocytosis X cells with an admixture of morphologically related giant cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Langerhans' granules were identified in the histiocytosis X cells by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry showed strong S-100 protein, HLA-DR, and T6 antigen positivity by the histiocytosis X cells. Therapy included complete surgical excision and postoperative radiation therapy for the incompletely excised lesion. Patients with unifocal extrahypothalamic histiocytosis X may have a better prognosis than patients with localized hypothalamic disease. PMID- 3259536 TI - Characterization of alloreactive T cell hybridomas. AB - Four T cell hybridoma clones were established and characterized from 250 hybridoma cell lines and characterized. All clones were strongly positive for Thy 1 and H-2 antigens. The Lyt-1 and L3T4 determinants were weakly but significantly positive, whereas I-A antigens and surface immunoglobulin were negative. Three of the clones secreted IL-2 upon stimulation with H-2Kk cells, whereas the remaining clone did not. This IL-2 secretion was stimulated not only by macrophage dendritic cells, but also by B cells. All clones produced significant footpad swelling following injection into the footpads of H-2k mice. The time course and histology of the footpad swelling suggested that the reaction might be a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)-like response. PMID- 3259537 TI - The secondary in vitro murine cytotoxic T cell response to the flavivirus, West Nile. AB - A secondary in vitro murine cytotoxic response to the flavivirus, West Nile (WNV) is described. Cytotoxic activity was obtained from spleen cells of mice primed 7 days previously with 10(6) p.f.u. WNV and boosted in vitro for a further 5 days with WNV-infected stimulator spleen cells. The cells responsible for lysis of WNV infected target cells were restricted by class 1 H-2 antigens. The K region of the H-2k haplotype and both the K and D regions of the H-2d haplotype were permissive. The cytotoxic cells were virus-specific with respect to WNV and Influenza. The phenotype of the cells which mediated cytotoxicity was Thy 1+, Lyt 2+ and L3T4-; however an L3T4+ helper population was required for the optimal generation of the cytotoxic response in vitro. PMID- 3259538 TI - Resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in nude mice injected with L3T4+ T cells but not with Ly-2+ T cells. AB - The importance of T cells in resistance to infection with the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania major is substantiated by the susceptibility to infection of athymic nude mice of both resistant and susceptible strains. However, the relative roles of different T cell subpopulations remain controversial. In order to address this issue, selected L3T4+ Ly-2- or L3T4- Ly 2+ T cell subpopulations from normal mice were adoptively transferred into athymic nude recipients of the same strain, and their capacity to mediate host protective immunity against infection with L. major promastigotes was determined. In experiments with mice of different inbred strains, reconstitution with L3T4+ Ly-2- cells rendered the nude mice completely resistant to cutaneous leishmaniasis, whereas L3T4- Ly-2+ cells failed to do so. Partial protection in some recipients of large numbers of Ly-2+ cells could be ascribed to contamination of the transferred inoculum with L3T4+ cells. Thus, resistance to L. major infection in reconstituted nude mice can be promoted by L3T4+ T cells in the absence of detectable Ly-2+ T cells. PMID- 3259539 TI - Immunoglobulin isotype influences traffic of B lymphocytes through popliteal lymph nodes in sheep. AB - The antigen specificity of blast B lymphocytes was used to trace their passage from blood through antigenically naive popliteal lymph nodes in sheep. Ovine popliteal nodes selectively recruited lymphocytes containing IgG1 in preference to those containing IgG2. This selection appeared to operate at the level of the vascular endothelium. Stimulation of lymph nodes with killed S. aureus and dextran sulphate (DXS) (which promotes an antibody response in ovine lymph nodes biased in favour of IgG2) did not significantly alter this pattern. PMID- 3259540 TI - Hyporeactivity to mitogens of retroplacental blood lymphocytes in human pregnancy. AB - Retroplacental blood lymphocytes (RPL) obtained from women without complications at the term delivery were studied for proliferative response to mitogens and surface phenotype and were compared with autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Proliferation of RPL induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was significantly lower than that of PBL in 11 of 13 cases. Also RPL proliferated poorly in response to concanavalin A (Con A) in 8 of 10 cases. On the other hand, flow cytometry analysis of T cell subsets revealed that RPL contain comparable or higher number of CD3+ cells and CD4+ cells and similar numbers of CD8+ cells as compared with PBL in most cases. These results indicate that T cell proliferative response in retroplacental space is impaired, which could be due to a functional defect of RPL. PMID- 3259541 TI - Preliminary studies on the detection, isolation and partial characterization of Clq-containing IgM immune complexes in sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - The complement system is activated in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and this activated state may be medicated by immunoreactive IgM. To identify and further characterize the relationship between the complement (Clq) and IgM in PBC sera, we developed an anti-Clq ELISA method which allowed detection of Clq-containing circulating immune-like complexes. Utilizing this technique, sera from 3 out of 5 patients with PBC revealed circulating immune-like complexes. Moreover, when serum samples were specifically examined for the presence of IgM containing Clq complexes, four of four samples examined were positive. Additional experiments indicated that these immune-like complexes could be removed from PBC sera by means of an anti-Clq immunoadsorbent. Upon subsequent isolation and characterization, these immune-like complexes demonstrated polypeptide chains corresponding to both human Clq and human IgM. Our experimental studies establish that Clq-containing IgM-like complexes can occur in the serum of patients with PBC, and provide additional support for the proposal that immunoreactive IgM can contribute to the activated complement system observed in PBC. PMID- 3259542 TI - 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and a novel vitamin D analogue MC 903 are potent inhibitors of human interleukin 1 in vitro. AB - 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) inhibits the lymphocyte growth hormone, interleukin 2. Since its production is dependent upon interleukin 1 (IL 1) produced by antigen-presenting cells, we tested five vitamin D3 analogues for effects on the production and function of human natural and recombinant IL-1. The production was not affected, but 1,25(OH)2D3 (greater than 10(-11) M) and a synthetic derivative MC 903 (greater than = 10(-10) M) inhibited the proliferation of mouse thymocytes to IL-1. The vitamins failed to affect the cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor. 1,25(OH)2D3 may play a physiological immunomodulatory role as a selective inhibitor of the function of IL-1, and MC 903 may prove clinically useful in this regard because of its limited calcium metabolic activity. PMID- 3259543 TI - MHC class II sequences of an HLA-DR2 narcoleptic. AB - Narcolepsy has a 98% association with the DR2-Dw2/DQw1 haplotype. To establish if a disease-specific allele is present in narcolepsy, a cDNA library was made from a B-cell line from a DR2,4/DQw1,3 narcoleptic. Clones encoding the two expressed DR2 beta chains, along with DQw1 alpha and beta chains, were isolated and completely sequenced. The coding regions of these four genes were similar to published nucleotide and protein sequences from corresponding healthy controls, with some minor exceptions. The 3' untranslated region of one of the DR2 beta genes in the narcoleptic was extended by 42 bp. Complete sequences were not available for DQw1.2 alpha or beta from healthy individuals, but first domain nucleotide sequences showed only a single nonproductive difference in DQ alpha. Partial protein sequences of both DQ alpha and beta from published data were identical. Although the effects of minor differences cannot be ruled out completely, it is concluded that there are probably no narcolepsy-specific DR beta or DQ alpha/beta sequences, and that the alleles found in narcolepsy are representative of those found in the healthy population. PMID- 3259544 TI - Hybridization analysis reveals novel DQw3 alpha-beta associations suggesting a recombination point between DQ alpha and DQ beta on the HLA-DR4 haplotype. PMID- 3259545 TI - Suppression of T-lymphocyte response by Coccidioides immitis antigen. AB - Intravenous injection of BALB/c mice with coccidioidin or an alkali-soluble cell wall extract of Coccidioides immitis mycelia resulted in the induction of a splenic cell population(s) that suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity response to coccidioidal antigen. To determine whether the levels of C. immitis antigen produced during the course of active coccidioidal disease might also cause suppression of T-lymphocyte response, BALB/c mice were infected by intranasal instillation of arthroconidia, and 2 weeks later, their sera were evaluated for suppression of T-lymphocyte response in syngeneic recipients. Intravenous transfer of sera, which were shown to contain high levels of coccidioidal antigen by an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, suppressed the delayed-type hypersensitivity response of recipients to immunization with coccidioidin. Solid phase immunoadsorption of the sera with goat antibodies to C. immitis antigens removed the suppressive component(s). To determine whether the suppressive effect of circulating coccidioidal antigen(s) was associated with the activation of a splenic suppressor cell(s), as was observed in mice injected intravenously with coccidioidal antigen, spleen cell lysates were prepared from infected donors, and after filtration to remove viable fungi, the lysates were transferred to syngeneic mice. Recipients of lysates from infected but not noninfected donors were suppressed in their response to immunization with coccidioidin. Collectively, these results provide evidence that depressed T-cell responses observed in coccidioidomycosis are associated with, and may be attributable to, the activation of a suppressor cell or factor by circulating C. immitis antigens. PMID- 3259546 TI - Acidic fibroblast growth factor modulates Staphylococcus aureus adherence to human endothelial cells. AB - Alteration of human endothelial cells may increase their susceptibility to staphylococcal invasion and thus may contribute to the development of intravascular staphylococcal disease. Acidic fibroblast growth factor, a potent regulator of endothelial cell function, had a significant effect on Staphylococcus aureus infection of cultured human endothelial cells. Three of four S. aureus strains had diminished adherence to endothelial cells when the latter were grown in the presence of acidic fibroblast growth factor (P less than 0.05). The diminished adherence was time dependent, maximal at 72 h, and independent of the initial bacterial inoculum. A twofold enhancement of S. aureus adherence was observed when endothelial cells were pretreated with heparitinase. Adherence was unaffected by endothelial cell activation by interleukin-1 or endotoxin. Thus, acidic fibroblast growth factor exerted a protective effect, deterring S. aureus adherence to cultured endothelial cells. Endothelial cell heparan sulfate was also directly involved in the adherence process. Subtle modulations of endothelial cells can significantly affect the ability of S. aureus to adhere to and then infect these cells. Similar alterations may contribute to the ability of S. aureus to infect endovascular tissue in vivo. PMID- 3259547 TI - Early synergistic killing activity at concentrations attainable in CSF of amoxicillin or cefotaxime and aminoglycosides against Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Rapid eradication of bacteria from the CSF is critical for the outcome of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children. In 15 patients studied, the mean H. influenzae colony counts in CSF were 10(5) CFU/ml (range: 10(2) to 10(9) CFU/ml). Time-kill curves were determined for amoxicillin and cefotaxime alone and in combination with gentamicin or amikacin, against 60 clinical isolates of H. influenzae at concentrations equivalent to those found in CSF following systemic administration. Against beta-lactamase-negative strains (n = 44) a bactericidal effect was observed at 18 h for amoxicillin alone, at 5 h for amoxicillin plus aminoglycosides and at 2.5 h for cefotaxime with or without aminoglycosides. Against beta-lactamase-positive strains a bactericidal effect was observed at 18 h for cefotaxime, at 5 h for amoxicillin plus aminoglycosides and at 2.5 h for cefotaxime plus aminoglycosides. It appears that despite low concentrations of gentamicin or amikacin in the CSF, the accelerated killing of H. influenzae provides a rationale for the initial use of the combination of cefotaxime and aminoglycosides in the initial treatment of H. influenzae meningitis. PMID- 3259549 TI - Retained T-cell reactivity of rye grass pollen extract following cleavage with cyanogen bromide and nitrothiocyanobenzoic acid. AB - Rye grass pollen extract was fragmented by sequential treatments with cyanogen bromide and 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid, and a fraction containing fragments of molecular weight greater than 10,000 Mr was isolated. The in vitro reactivity of the extract with specific IgE was extensively reduced by fragmentation. Less reduction in activity was shown either by skin testing or by inhibition of an extract-specific IgG-binding assay. Reactivity with, and ability to induce, extract-specific mouse T cells were retained by the fragment preparation, and the ability to cause transformation of lymphocytes from atopic donors was unchanged. Fragments did not induce extract-specific IgG antibody in mice, were unable to stimulate the production of T-helper cells which could collaborate in an adoptive cell-transfer system, and did not induce delayed hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs. The possibility that such T-cell-reactive modified allergens (T'allergoids) might be used to stimulate selectively T-cell subsets and, therefore, could be used to advantage in immunotherapy is discussed. PMID- 3259548 TI - Cross-sectional epidemiological study on neurotoxicity of solvents in paints and lacquers. AB - In a multi-disciplinary retrospective study we examined 105 house painters employed for at least ten years (median 27 years, range 10-36 years). Fifty-three workers from various professions (non-painters), who were matched with regard to age, occupational training and socio-economic status served as the control group. In both groups no cases of a clinically manifest polyneuropathy or encephalopathy were found. The neurophysiological examinations (EEG and NCV-measurement) showed no differences in painters and controls that would indicate adverse effects of organic solvents. There were no cases with neuroradiological findings of a diffuse cerebral atrophy. Furthermore the evaluation of certain brain structures (ventricular diameter, cella media index) of the CAT films did not reveal any significant differences. In the neurobehavioral tests significant differences in the results were only found in the subtests "change of personality" and "short term memory capacity" in a subgroup of painters with repeated prenarcotic symptoms at the workplace. Ambient air monitoring measurements at 30 representative workplaces showed that the concentrations of the main components of the solvent-mixtures were well below the MAK-values. The results of the "Erlangen Painter Study" does not confirm former epidemiologic findings from other countries, mainly Denmark. However, there are some aspects, such as minor solvent exposure in German house painters, insufficient diagnostic and etiological procedures as well as misclassifications which may explain the different experiences. PMID- 3259551 TI - Does immunodeficiency in uremic patients promote dialysis-related amyloidosis? AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the immune function of 5 hemodialysis patients with dialysis-related amyloidosis as compared to 6 without, both groups having a dialytic age from 7 to 21 years, and 5 healthy controls. We investigated serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), made skin tests and measured peripheral lymphocyte subsets using monoclonal antibodies. 1) The absolute numbers of T3, T4 and T8 cells were significantly lower in hemodialysis patients than controls and T3, T4 cells were lower in patients with amyloidosis than in those without: T3 (m +/- SD/microliter), 387 +/- 253 vs 744 +/- 207 (p = 0.03); T4, 262 +/- 115 vs 589 +/- 297 (p = 0.04). 2) Serum levels of IgG and IgM were significantly lower in patients with amyloidosis than in the others: IgG (m +/- SD, g/l), 10.2 +/- 1.4 vs 15.4 +/- 3.2 (p less than 0.001); IgM, 0.65 +/- 0.28 vs 1.65 +/- 0.37 (p less than 0.001). 3) Delayed hypersensitivity studied by skin tests showed less than 3 positive antigens in 4/5 patients with amyloidosis against 1/6 patients without. These data suggest there is a marked defect of T cell help in uremic patients with dialysis-related amyloidosis. PMID- 3259550 TI - Complement subcomponent C1q in various strains of mice. Its serum content correlates with that of immunoglobulin G. AB - The protein amount and the hemolytic activity of the initiating complement component (C1q) in the classical pathway, and the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in sera of various inbred mouse strains were measured in parallel with those in sera of closed colony mice. C1q levels were significantly high in male A/He and C57BL/10Sn mice, and conspicuously high in female C57BL/10Sn mice. In these strains and C57BL/6J mice of both sexes, IgG levels were also significantly high. IgG levels were strikingly high in female NZB mice and NZW mice of both sexes. On the other hand, both C1q and IgG levels were conspicuously low in BALB/c mice of both sexes and in male CBA mice, and surprisingly low in BALB/c-nu (nude) mice of both sexes. A significant correlation was observed between serum levels of C1q and IgG. The C1q specific activity, however, was equivalent in all serum samples with approximately 2 x 10(13) effective molecules/mg. The subunit composition of C1q analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was well comparable within all strains of mice tested. These results may suggest that mouse serum C1q does not have any phenotypic polymorphism. PMID- 3259552 TI - Complement C3 and C5 degradation products during hemodialysis treatment: study of an index of membrane bioincompatibility. AB - In 10 hemodialyses (HD) with cuprophan (CU) and 10 with polyacrylonitrile (PAN), signs of complement activation were investigated by following arterial and venous levels of C3a, C3d and C5a, in order to propose a marker of bioincompatibility. Despite large individual variabilities, significant increases of these molecules were detected at t 20 min, particularly with CU device in the artery and more marked in the vein except for C3d with PAN. During the later stage of HD, while C3a and C5a levels gradually declined, but remained significantly higher than t 0 in all the patients treated with CU, the C3d concentration reached a plateau suggesting a continuous complement activation throughout HD. HD using PAN membranes were associated with a lower C3a, C3d and C5a generation and fewer dialyses generating these products. In some dialyses the higher arterial level of these molecules suggests an extra-dialyzer complement activation especially with PAN membrane. Although C5a venous levels appeared to be the more significant index of complement activation, for clinical purposes we propose the C3d arterial measurement as a reliable, non-expensive and technically simple indicator of membrane intolerance. PMID- 3259553 TI - Electrical stimulation to promote the union of fractures. AB - The object of this study was to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on recent fractures and in established nonunion, using an electrical stimulator of my own design. Fresh osteotomies of the fibula in rabbits were treated with a direct current of 20 microA; there was no reduction of healing time. Then, 62 patients with various types of nonunion, all of more than 9 months duration, were treated. They included patients with osteomyelitis (30%), atrophic (67%) and hypertrophic (33%) nonunion. Electrical stimulation alone was used in 34 patients but 30 needed additional operative treatment. Bony union was achieved in 58 patients (91%), confirming the theoretical proposition that DC current is effective in stimulating osteogenesis in nonunion. This form of treatment is effective, simple and safe; it can be used after the failure of repeated operations for nonunion. PMID- 3259554 TI - Antibody producing ability of mouse spleen cells after subacute dietary exposure to T-2 toxin. AB - The effects of T-2 toxin on the antibody producing ability of CD-1 mice after dietary exposure to 0, 2.5, 5 and 15 ppm of T-2 toxin for 29 days was studied. The antibody response against sheep red blood cells, a T-lymphocyte and macrophage-dependent response was suppressed at 2.5, 5 and 15 ppm of T-2 toxin exposure. In contrast, the antibody responses against dinitrophenyl aminoethylcarbamylmethyl - Ficoll (DNP - Ficoll), a T-lymphocyte independent macrophage-dependent response, and Escherichia coli 0127 (LPS), a T-lymphocyte and macrophage-independent response, were not affected. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of T-2 toxin on antibody-producing ability after subacute dietary exposure appear to be a direct affect on T-lymphocyte function, possibly involving the T-helper lymphocytes. PMID- 3259555 TI - Alcohol and immune regulation. I. In vivo effects of ethanol on concanavalin A sensitive thymic lymphocyte function. AB - Alcohol is known to suppress the immune response, but the underlying mechanism to account for this immune suppression is still not clearly elucidated. In an attempt to clarify such mechanisms, experimental rats were fed for 50 days on a 36% ethanol, Lieber diet (LED) while control (LCD) rats were fed a similar diet supplying the same amount of calories but lacking ethanol. It was found that both LCD and LED animals grew at a linear rate (LCD: r = 0.981, LED: r = 0.961) but that LCD animals grew more rapidly. While thymic weights in the LED group were significantly smaller (P less than 0.05) than in the LCD group, the ratios of thymic weight/body weight between these groups were not significantly different. To identify the effects of ethanol on immune response, thymic (Th) or splenic (S) cells were prepared and incubated in culture with the mitogen, Con A and rat serum prepared from LCD or LED groups. It was found that lymphocytes prepared from thymus of LED animals appeared to be depressed in mitogen-driven blastogenic transformation when incubated in LCD serum but not LED serum. Furthermore, lymphocytes prepared from the spleen of LED animals appeared to be depressed in mitogen driven blastogenic transformation when incubated in LED serum but not LCD serum. Since lymphocytes of the thymus and spleen are undergoing maturation and replication this implies that ethanol may alter these processes. PMID- 3259556 TI - In vitro modulation of human monocytes functions by RU 41740 (Biostim). AB - The in vitro effects of RU 41740, a mixture of two glycoproteins extracted from K. pneumoniae and possessing immunomodulatory activity, on human monocyte's cytotoxic activity, migratory capacity and monokine production were investigated. Exposure to RU 41740 in nanogram concentrations was associated with rapid increases in IL-1 and TNF production and marked augmentation in the monocytes' killing of TNF-sensitive targets, whereas killing of TNF-insensitive targets required longer exposures to microgram concentrations of this drug. Using otherwise effective treatment conditions, RU 41740 did not directly affect monocyte's spontaneous and FMLP-induced migration. The possible role of mononuclear cells stimulation and increased production of effector and regulatory monokines in the immunomodulatory activity of this product is addressed. PMID- 3259557 TI - Pediculosis capitis in Benghazi, Libya. A school survey. AB - A school survey of pediculosis capitis in Benghazi, Libya, revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of 78.6%. The percentage of infestation was 67.2% for boys and 88.1% for girls. It was more frequent in schools located in rural areas (85.55%) as compared with those in urban areas (44.28%). There was no significant difference in infestation in younger and older children of either sex. Besides other factors for such a high prevalence, the lack of health education of family members may play a crucial role in transference and louse infestation. PMID- 3259558 TI - N-terminal sequences of gamma-crystallins from the amphibian lens and their homology with gamma-crystallins of other major classes of vertebrates. AB - gamma-Crystallins were isolated from the homogenate of frog eye lenses (Rana catesbeiana) by exclusion gel chromatography and further purified by cation exchange chromatography. They were the only group of crystallins possessing free amino groups amenable to sequence analysis by Edman degradation. Comparison of the amino acid contents of the purified subfractions of gamma-crystallins indicated their close relatedness in amino acid compositions and probably sequence homology as well. The amino-terminal sequence analysis of the purified gamma-crystallin subfractions showed extensive homology between these amphibian gamma-crystallin polypeptides themselves and also those from other vertebrate species, suggesting the existence of a multigene family and their close relatedness to gamma-crystallins of other vertebrates. The sequence comparison of the gamma-crystallin polypeptides from all major classes of vertebrates has provided strong support for the divergent evolution of gamma-crystallin family. PMID- 3259559 TI - Modulation of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations by DMSO, an OH radical scavenger. 1: Dose-response studies in human lymphocytes exposed to 220 kV X rays. AB - Human G0 lymphocytes were exposed to 220 kV X-radiation in the presence or absence of DMSO, an efficient selective scavenger of OH radicals. Our studies demonstrate that DMSO affects a concentration-dependent modulation of induced asymmetrical aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed to approximately 3.0 Gy, with maximum protectible fractions of approximately 70 percent at DMSO concentrations of greater than or equal to 1 M. The dose dependency for dicentrics in lymphocytes acutely exposed to X-ray doses of 0.51 to 4.98 Gy in the absence of DMSO is adequately described by the linear-quadratic dose-response function Y = alpha D + beta D2. Data from duplicate cultures exposed in the presence of 1 M DMSO produce an excellent fit to the regression function modified as follows: Y(+ DMSO) = alpha(delta D) + beta(delta D)2 where the 'dose modifying' factor delta = 0.501. We interpret these findings as providing evidence that OH radical-mediated lesions in DNA account for approximately 50 percent of the dose dependency for dicentrics resulting from either one-track or two-track events, following exposures of non-cycling cells to moderate-to-high doses of low LET radiation. These data may be used in additional calculations to derive an estimate of approximately 6 x 10(8) s-1 for the rate of reaction of OH radicals with DNA targets involved in aberration formation. PMID- 3259560 TI - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in G0 lymphocytes by plutonium-238 alpha-particles. AB - Irradiation of human G0 lymphocytes with plutonium-238 alpha-particles and X-rays was performed to investigate the production of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). Alpha-particles produce a significant increase in SCE and this elevation is more significant when separated lymphocytes are irradiated. X-ray irradiation did not induce any significant increase in SCE. Therefore the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the induction of SCE by alpha-particles in this system is undefined and effectively infinite. PMID- 3259561 TI - Interaction between X-ray and alpha-particle damage in V79 cells. AB - V79 cells have been exposed to X-rays or 238Pu alpha-particles or to X-rays following priming alpha-particle doses of 0.5, 2 or 2.5 Gy. The survival curve for exposure to alpha-particles was exponential with a D0 of 0.89 Gy. Following exposure to priming alpha-particle doses the resulting X-ray survival curves had the same slope as the single dose X-ray curve, but a reduced shoulder. For alpha particle priming doses of 0.5 and 2 Gy this reduction was the same as for the same X-ray doses. 2.5 Gy alpha-particles reduced the subsequent X-ray curve Dq to almost zero. alpha-particles do cause damage capable of interacting with X-ray damage. PMID- 3259564 TI - Studies of the induction of dominant lethals and translocations in male mice after chronic exposure to microwave radiation. AB - Male C3H mice were exposed to 100 W m-2 of 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation for 6 h per day for a total of 120 h over an 8-week period. The exposure level was chosen so that the specific energy absorption rate (SAR) would be approximately equal to the level of 4 W kg-1 which is considered by a number of organizations to be a threshold for adverse biological effects. At the end of the treatment period the mice were mated with a different group of (C3H x 101) F1 hybrid females each week for the following 8 weeks. There was no significant reduction in pregnancy rate, preimplantation survival or postimplantation survival in the exposed group compared to sham-exposed controls. At the end of the mating period a cytogenetic analysis was carried out of meiotic chromosome preparations of testicular tissue, thus sampling cells that were stem cell spermatogonia during the treatment regime. The results showed no difference in the frequency of reciprocal translocations between the sham and treated groups, or in the frequency of cells with autosome or sex chromosome univalents. Low levels of fragments and exchanges were found in both groups. It is concluded that there is no evidence in this experiment to show that chronic exposure of male mice to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation induces a mutagenic response in male germ cells. This conclusion is in agreement with the observations of Berman et al. (1980), who reported a lack of male germ cell mutagenesis after repetitive or chronic exposure of rats to 2.45 GHz. PMID- 3259563 TI - Induction of repair functions by hydrogen peroxide in Chinese hamster cells. AB - Hydrogen peroxide has been found to kill Chinese hamster V79 cells as an exponential function of dose. When a small dose (0.9 microgram/ml for 1 h) was used as a pretreatment, before exposure to higher concentrations of the same agent, the cells became more resistant to killing than those which were not so pretreated. The presence of cycloheximide or benzamide, during this pretreatment, inhibited this observed increase in resistance. This pretreatment also resulted in decreased killing efficiency by MNNG and gamma-rays, but had no effect upon UV light-induced killing. The results suggest that proteins (repair enzymes?) are synthesized after treatment with the small dose of hydrogen peroxide, and that these induced proteins enhance the cellular repair functions for agents causing DNA breaks. PMID- 3259562 TI - Variations in the spectrum of lesions produced in the DNA of cells from mouse tissues after exposure to gamma-rays in air-breathing or in artificially anoxic animals. AB - Gamma-ray-induced DNA-protein crosslinks (dpc) are preferentially induced in cultured cells irradiated at very low oxygen tensions (Meyn et al. 1987). Since some cells within mouse tumors may be radiobiologically hypoxic, dpc may also be induced in such cells after irradiation in vivo. To examine this possibility, mice bearing either an FSa or NFSa fibrosarcoma in their hind legs were whole body irradiated either while breathing atmospheric oxygen or 15 min after cervical dislocation, which induces uniform anoxia. DNA single-strand breaks (ssb) and dpc were then assayed both in tumors and normal tissues by alkaline elution. The level of dpc was inferred from the observed increase in ssb yield after digestion of the cell lysates with proteinase K. In addition, cell suspensions were irradiated in vitro, on ice, exposed to atmospheric oxygen tensions. Few dpc were detected in the DNA from tumor cells irradiated in vitro; however, in cells from both FSa and NFSa tumors irradiated in situ there was a significant level of protein-concealed ssb, and thus of dpc. These data are most likely the result of the relative hypoxia of a proportion of cells from both the FSa and NFSa tumor in the air-breathing animals. Induction of dpc was further enhanced in the DNA from tumor cells irradiated under anoxic conditions. A significant level of dpc was also observed in jejunal and spleen cells irradiated in vivo; however, since a significant level of protein-concealed breaks was also observed in cells irradiated in vitro, oxygenation appears not to be the only parameter capable of modifying the proportion of protein-concealed ssb, and the effects of proteinase K on the DNA elution rate for normal mouse tissues may be complex. PMID- 3259565 TI - Abstracts of the Association for Radiation Research winter meeting. Leeds, 6-8 January 1988. PMID- 3259566 TI - Immunodeficient dwarfism in dogs: a model for neuroimmunomodulation. AB - This paper discusses the use of dogs as experimental models for neuroimmunomodulation and compares immunodeficient dwarfism in dogs to that in rodents. Immunodeficient dwarfism in dogs is reviewed including description of the clinical syndrome, immunologic characteristics, neuroendocrine abnormalities, thymus histopathology, and therapy. PMID- 3259567 TI - Changes in tumor cell adhesiveness affecting speed of dissemination and mode of metastatic growth. AB - Adhesion variants can be isolated from suspension growing highly metastatic murine ESb tumor cells under reproducible conditions from uncloned as well as from cloned ESb tumor cells. One such variant, ESb-MP, has been analyzed in detail. In vitro it had similar growth properties and high invasive capacity as the parental ESb cells. In vivo, ESb-MP cells showed a reduced growth capacity as compared to ESb cells. This was seen at the site of tumor cell transplantation (increased latency period) as well as at the site of secondary tumor growth in internal organs. ESb-MP tumor cells disseminated much later than ESb cells from the primary tumor into the blood stream. Both tumor lines metastasized to the liver but they affected liver functions in a different way: ESb cells infiltrated the liver diffusely and exerted toxic effects on liver parenchyma very quickly. This resulted in early increase of liver enzyme activity in the blood. In contrast, liver infiltrated by ESb-MP cells showed a more focal type of colonization and the organs seemed to be functioning for much longer periods. In fact, animals inoculated with ESb-MP cells subcutaneously or intravenously had an increased life expectancy compared to ESb-tumor-bearing animals of about 300%. The organotropism of both tumor lines remained similar although there were kinetic and quantitative differences, especially with regard to the kidney. In late stages of tumor growth, ESb-MP-tumor-bearing animals developed a high percentage of metastases in the kidney and around and within the spinal cord, thereby causing a syndrome of hind-leg paralysis. This syndrome was remarkable in its reproducibility, especially after intravenous tumor cell inoculation. The changed adhesiveness thus seemed to have affected the tumor latency period, the speed of dissemination into blood and internal organs, the mode of organ infiltration (focal vs. diffuse) and of metastatic growth, parameters which all might contribute to the greatly reduced overall malignancy. PMID- 3259568 TI - Vitamin D-deficiency in the elderly: treatment with ergocalciferol and hydroxylated analogues of vitamin D3. AB - The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of vitamin D and its metabolites in correcting hypovitaminosis D in the elderly. Thirty elderly people (mean age 78.4 years) participated in this study. They all had low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] and of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. These low levels did not increase in nine subjects after oral administration of vitamin D2 (3,000 IU/day for 12 weeks). However, administration of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha-OH-D3) to 12 other subjects (0.5 micrograms/day for 8 weeks) led to a significant increase in the serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D. The other vitamin D metabolite levels remained unchanged. A significant increase in the levels of all three main vitamin D metabolites was obtained following administration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH D3) to a third group of nine subjects (25 micrograms/day for 1 week). These results suggest that vitamin D nutrition in elderly people insufficently exposed to the sun could be maintained by regular administration of 25-OH-D, whereas the administration of native vitamin D (ergocalciferol) in the doses used was inadequate for vitamin D nutrition. PMID- 3259569 TI - Chromosome 13--a new marker for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3259570 TI - Anti-HLA-B7,B27,Bw42,Bw54,Bw55,Bw56, Bw67,Bw73 monoclonal antibodies: specificity, idiotypes, and application for a double determinant immunoassay. AB - The monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) KS3 and KS4 are secreted by hybridomas constructed with splenocytes from a BALB/c mouse sequentially immunized with the cultured lymphoid cells JKu and LG-2 which share only the HLA-B27 specificity. Serologic and immunochemical assays have shown that the two MoAbs recognize the same (or spatially close) determinant expressed by HLA B7,B27,Bw42,Bw54,Bw55,Bw56,Bw67, and Bw73 alloantigens. This determinant is spatially close but distinct from those defined by the anti HLA-B27 monoclonal antibodies described in the literature. The syngeneic antiidiotypic MoAb T12-105 and T12-211 elicited with MoAb KS4 were shown to recognize idiotopes within the antigen combining site of MoAb KS3 and KS4. Neither idiotope was detected on the anti HLA class I and anti HLA class II monoclonal antibodies tested. The MoAb KS4 in combination with the anti human beta 2-microglobulin MoAb NAMB-1 was utilized to develop a double determinant immunoassay (DDIA). The latter represents a sensitive method to detect and quantitate HLA-B27 antigens in spent culture medium of lymphoid cell lines and in serum. Typing for HLA-B27 antigens with the DDIA of sera from HLA typed donors yielded results highly correlated with those of the conventional lymphocytotoxicity assay. PMID- 3259571 TI - Association of complement allotype C4B2 with anterior uveitis. AB - We have studied allotypes of the fourth component of complement (C4) in 44 patients with inflammatory eye disease in order to define genetic susceptibility factors further. Twenty-six patients had uveitis (18 had anterior uveitis) and 18 patients had retinal vasculitis. There was an increased incidence of the C4B2 allotype in patients with anterior uveitis (pc less than 0.002), especially in HLA B27 positive males. In contrast, there was no increased incidence of specific allotypes in patients with posterior uveitis or retinal vasculitis. This genetic association may form part of a disease susceptibility supratype in patients with anterior uveitis. PMID- 3259572 TI - HLA DPw1 class II molecules on human T cells. AB - Human T cells express HLA class II antigens when activated by mitogens, alloantigens, or nominal antigens such as influenza virus. However, little is known about why they are expressed and the extent to which subsets of class II molecules (DR, DQ, and DP) are expressed. From studies with allocytotoxic antisera it is clear that DR and DQ molecules are expressed by T cells; cell surface expression of DP is more ambiguous because cellular typing methodologies are required. Alloreactive T-cell clones, specific for DPw1-associated antigens, were derived by limiting dilution in the presence of DPw1-positive stimulator PBLs and IL-2 and screened on panels of DPw1-positive and DPw1-negative PBL's in proliferation assays. Clones that recognized DPw1-associated determinants were then assayed for responses using as stimulators, irradiated T-cell clones derived from a DPw1-positive donor. Of seven DPw1-specific clones, one (TLC 56.26) was highly responsive to the alloantigens expressed on the stimulator T-cell panel. Six such clones gave a range of lower responses to T cells although capable of recognizing DP-associated determinants on PBL stimulators. PMID- 3259574 TI - Differential interactions of rabbit plasma alpha-1-antiproteinases S and F with porcine trypsin. AB - Two major forms of rabbit plasma alpha-1-antiproteinase, S and F, were separated by affinity chromatography on Red Sepharose, and their modes of interaction with porcine trypsin were studied. The S form interacted with trypsin much more slowly than the F form, and the resulting complex partially retained the amidolytic and proteolytic activities towards benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide and remazol brilliant blue hide powder, respectively. This S form-trypsin complex also prevented the inactivation of bound trypsin by soybean trypsin inhibitor. In marked contrast, an equimolar complex of trypsin and the F form retained neither amidolytic nor proteolytic activity. These results suggest that the F form blocks the active site of trypsin while the S form does not bind directly to the active site, thereby preserving the catalytic potential of trypsin. No similar interaction was observed, however, between the S form and either bovine chymotrypsin or porcine pancreatic elastase. Both the S and F forms inactivated these proteinases in a stoichiometric manner with differing inhibitor/proteinase binding ratios. The S form showed about twofold greater capacity to inhibit elastase than the F form, whereas the reverse was the case for chymotrypsin. PMID- 3259573 TI - Isolation and characterization of a UV-sensitive mutator (mutB1) mutant of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The mutB1 mutant of Haemophilus influenzae is very sensitive to UV radiation but only slightly sensitive to methylmethane sulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. Cultures of mutB1 cells contain high numbers of spontaneous mutants and show hypermutability after exposure to the latter mutagen. Normally high-efficiency transforming markers, as well as low-efficiency ones, transform mutB1 recipients at similarly low efficiencies. Significant host cell reactivation was observed when mutB1 cells were exposed to UV-damaged phage; however, these mutants showed a decrease in phage recombination. This mutant did not degrade its DNA following exposure to UV. It is speculated that the mutB1 mutation is similar to the Escherichia coli uvrD mutation. PMID- 3259575 TI - Amidolytic activity of porcine trypsin bound to human plasma alpha-1 antiproteinase. AB - Human plasma alpha-1-antiproteinase interacted with porcine trypsin in two different manners. One was a well known interaction, which resulted in inhibition of the proteolytic activity of the trypsin. The other has not been described to date, and resulted in retention of the amidolytic activity of the trypsin towards benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide in the presence of soybean trypsin inhibitor. The latter, so-called trypsin-protein amidase, activity is essentially the same as that observed with vertebrate alpha-macroglobulin and rodent murinoglobulin under similar conditions. All attempts to separate the two different activities as well as to abolish either activity by means of chemical or physical modifications were unsuccessful. The proteolysis-inhibiting interaction, which was virtually completed within 5 min, was predominant over the amidolysis retaining interaction, when the inhibitor/trypsin molar ratio was less than 1. On the other hand, the amidolysis-retaining interaction, which proceeded much more slowly, became evident when the molar ratio was greater than 1. PMID- 3259576 TI - On the mechanism of DNA-adenine methylase. AB - Experiments were performed to determine whether EcoRI methylase catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine (a) directly to the N6 of adenine in DNA or (b) initially to N1 to give N1-methyladenine followed by isomerization of the N1-methylamino and 6-NH2 to give N6-methyladenine (Dimroth rearrangement). A facile synthesis of highly enriched [6-15N]deoxyadenosine and a dodecamer substrate of EcoRI methylase with [6-15N]adenine in the methylation site are reported. In the product of EcoRI enzymatic methylation, all of the isotope remains at the N6 position of the N6-methyladenine product. It is concluded that, contrary to existing chemical precedent, the methylation occurs by direct transfer from S-adenosylmethionine to the N6 of adenine in DNA. PMID- 3259577 TI - Regulation of epidermal growth factor-stimulated formation of inositol phosphates in A-431 cells by calcium and protein kinase C. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment of A-431 cells induces a biphasic increase in the levels of inositol phosphates. The growth factor produces an initial, rapid increase in the level of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins-1,4,5 P3) due to hydrolysis of phosphatidyl-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate (Wahl, M., Sweatt, J. D., and Carpenter, G. (1987) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142, 688 695). The level of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins-1,3,4,5-P4) also rises rapidly in response to treatment with EGF. The initial formation (less than 1 min) of Ins-1,4,5-P3 and Ins-1,3,4,5-P4 does not require Ca2+ present in the culture medium. However, the addition of Ca2+ to the medium at levels of 100 microM or greater potentiates the growth factor-stimulated increases in the levels of all inositol phosphates at later times after EGF addition (1-60 min). The data suggest that EGF-receptor complexes initially stimulate the enzyme phospholipase C in a manner that is independent of an influx of extracellular Ca2+. The presence of Ca2+ in the medium allows prolonged growth factor activation of phospholipase C. Treatment of A-431 cells with Ca2+ ionophores (A23187 and ionomycin) did not mimic the activity of EGF in producing a rapid increase in the formation of the Dowex column fraction containing Ins-1,4,5-P3, Ins-1,3,4,5-P4, and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (InsP3). However, the initial EGF-stimulated formation of inositol phosphates was substantially diminished in cells loaded with the Ca2+ chelator Quin 2/AM. EGF receptor occupancy studies indicated that maximal stimulation of InsP3 accumulation by EGF requires nearly full (75%) occupancy of available EGF binding sites, while half-maximal stimulation requires 25% occupancy. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an exogenous activator of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C), causes a dramatic, but transient, inhibition of the EGF-stimulated formation of inositol phosphates. Tamoxifen and sphingosine, reported pharmacologic inhibitors of protein kinase C activity, potentiate the capacity of EGF to induce formation of inositol phosphates. Neither TPA nor tamoxifen significantly affects the 125I-EGF binding capacity of A-431 cells; however, TPA appeared to enhance internalization of the ligand. Ligand occupation of the EGF receptor on the A-431 cell appears to initiate a complex signaling mechanism involving production of intracellular messengers for Ca2+ mobilization and activation of protein kinase C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3259578 TI - Transforming growth factor beta 1 positively regulates its own expression in normal and transformed cells. AB - Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) regulates the growth, differentiation, or function of nearly all cell types. We now report that TGF beta 1 increases steady-state levels of its own message in six different normal and transformed cells in culture. Accumulation of TGF-beta 1 mRNA can be detected by Northern blot analysis within 3 h of addition of the peptide to cells, and enhanced message levels persist as long as TGF-beta 1 is present in the culture medium. This autoinduction is half-maximal at approximately 10 PM TGF-beta 1, and maximal stimulation corresponds to a 2-3-fold increase in transcript levels. In normal rat kidney cells, the rise in TGF-beta 1 mRNA is actinomycin D-sensitive and is accompanied by a parallel (approximately 3-fold) increase in secretion of TGF-beta 1 protein in the culture medium of treated cells, as detected by immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically labeled 35S-labeled TGF-beta 1 using specific anti-TGF-beta 1 antibodies. Treatment of normal rat kidney cells with either epidermal growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor also results in an increase in TGF-beta 1 mRNA (2-3-fold), although epidermal growth factor and TGF-beta 1 appear to act via distinct mechanisms since their combined effects are greater than additive. PMID- 3259579 TI - The kinetics of interleukin 1 secretion from activated monocytes. Differences between interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta. AB - We have performed pulse-chase experiments to investigate the secretion and processing of interleukin 1 (IL-1) by human peripheral blood monocytes. Polyclonal antisera generated against either recombinant IL-1 alpha (p15) or IL-1 beta (p17) could distinguish the two isoelectric forms in lysates and supernatants of lipopolysaccharide-activated monocytes. In agreement with previous results, no processed IL-1 (alpha or beta) is detected in cell lysates. Both the 31-kDa precursor and 17-kDa mature forms of IL-1 were present, however, in the culture media indicating that processing is not required for secretion. The relative amounts of the secreted 31- and 17-kDa forms of IL-1 remain constant with time throughout each experiment; in addition, 31-kDa IL-1 added to monocyte cultures is not processed to the mature 17-kDa form. Precursor IL-1 beta is however, processed to 17 kDa by monocyte extracts. Therefore, the maturation and secretion of IL-1 are intimately coordinated processes. The kinetics of IL-1 secretion are unique in comparison with other secreted proteins; release of both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta is delayed following synthesis, and large pools of precursor IL-1 accumulate intracellularly. The intracellular half-lives of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are 15 and 2.5 h, respectively. This discrepancy in half lives is a reflection of the different kinetics with which IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are secreted. IL-1 beta is released continuously beginning 2 h after synthesis, whereas the secretion of IL-1 alpha is delayed for an additional 10 h. The distinct kinetics of secretion demonstrated for IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta suggest that the release of each pI species of IL-1 is controlled by a selective mechanism(s). PMID- 3259580 TI - Acellular pertussis vaccines: evaluation of reversion in a nude mouse model. AB - An animal model has been developed to assess the safety of acellular pertussis vaccines in terms of reversion to toxicity. Adsorbed pertussis toxoid preparations, alone or combined in a DTP formulation, were administered to nude mice intraperitoneally. In parallel, groups of positive and negative control mice received pertussis toxin and buffer, respectively. The circulating white blood cells of the animals were monitored for 28 days. Mice immunized with glutaraldehyde toxoid preparations did not develop a lymphocytosis during the observation period, whereas mice immunized with an experimental formalin pertussis toxoid vaccine exhibited a high lymphocytosis six days after vaccine administration, demonstrating, in this model, a reversion of the toxoid. The nude mouse model thus appears to reveal the in-vivo reversion of pertussis toxoids and could be included in the quality control panel for the assessment of the safety of acellular pertussis vaccine. PMID- 3259581 TI - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits hepatocyte DNA synthesis independently of EGF binding and EGF receptor autophosphorylation. AB - Subpicomolar concentrations of human platelet-derived transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibited growth factor-stimulated DNA synthesis in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. This inhibition was not the result of changes in the size of intracellular pools of 3H-thymidine and was not dependent on the state of confluence of the cells. A 24-hr exposure to TGF-beta either before or after insulin/EGF stimulation was as inhibitory on DNA synthesis between 48 and 72 hr of culture as was TGF-beta present throughout 72 hr of culture. From 12 hr in culture to 24 hr, hepatocyte EGF binding sites dropped from about 230,000 to 85,000 per cell with no significant change in Kd, but with a loss in capacity for EGF-induced receptor down-regulation. Maximally inhibitory concentrations of TGF beta did not compete with EGF for the EGF receptor, and a 4- to 24-hr exposure to TGF-beta did not alter subsequent EGF binding. Coincubation of hepatocytes with TGF-beta and EGF did not influence the 60% reduction in EGF binding sites produced by EGF alone. In addition, TGF-beta did not prevent EGF-induced autophosphorylation of the 170,000 dalton EGF receptor in membranes from whole liver. Our studies suggest that TGF-beta regulates hepatocyte growth independently of changes in EGF receptor number, ligand affinity, or postbinding autophosphorylation. PMID- 3259582 TI - Studies on the increase in cytosolic free calcium induced by epidermal growth factor, serum, and nucleotides in individual A431 cells. AB - The response of cytosolic calcium [Ca2+]i to epidermal growth factor (EGF), fetal calf serum, and nucleotides was determined in individual A431 cells, using the fluorescent probe fura-2 and quantitative digital video fluorescence microscopy. In the presence of 1 mM external Ca2+, EGF caused a rapid rise in [Ca2+]i, followed by a slower and variable decrease. The cells responded after a lag that varied from 10 to 30 seconds, and there was considerable cell-to-cell variation in extent of the rise in [Ca2+]i. A second challenge with EGF gave negative results. No response was obtained in nominally Ca2+-free medium supplemented with 100 microM EGTA. Somewhat similar results were obtained with fetal calf serum except that a rise in [Ca2+]i was observed both in the presence and absence of external Ca2+. The A431 cells responded to external ATP with a rise in [Ca2+]i in less than 10 seconds, both in Ca2+-containing and Ca2+-free media. A coverslip with attached cells was mounted on a small chamber, allowing complete change of medium in 2 seconds. A nearly full response was obtained with only 10 seconds of contact of cells with ATP-containing medium. After washing out ATP, there was little or no response to a second addition given 100 seconds after the first. However, a second response was obtained when the concentration of agonist was increased 10-20-fold. These data favor the idea of receptor desensitization. Both homologous and heterologous receptor desensitization was observed. A transient rise in [Ca2+]i was also noted with UTP, while ITP and CTP were inactive. PMID- 3259584 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography of the thyroid. AB - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) entails imaging at multiple positions along an arc and computed-assisted reconstruction of transaxial, coronal, and sagittal images. To determine if SPECT imaging of the thyroid augments information provided by planar imaging, both SPECT and pinhole planar scans were performed in 52 patients with thyroid disease. After 123I (n = 45), Tc99m (n = 5), or thallium-201 (n = 2) administration, images were acquired at 30 intervals along a 180 degree arc. Nodules that were hypofunctioning on planar scans (n = 4) were equally well shown on SPECT images. SPECT analysis of 123I uptake by 5 palpable nodules with completely normal 123I planar scans demonstrated the nodular tracer uptake was increased (n = 1), equivalent (n = 3), or decreased (n = 1) in comparison with that of extranodular tissue. In 6 of 12 multinodular goiters, transaxial SPECT images showed tracheal compression, which was confirmed by neck x-ray, flow volume loops, or surgery. A neck phantom study was performed to assess the accuracy of SPECT-determined functional thyroid volume. SPECT-estimated volumes (30-173 mL; n = 11) correlated well with true volumes (r = 0.996; P less than 0.001). Our observations suggest that SPECT is a useful adjunct to planar imaging in 1) estimating functional volume for 131I dosimetry; 2) evaluating the size, extension, and tracheal compression of multinodular goiter; and 3) determining the functional properties of palpable nodules with normal 123I planar pinhole images. PMID- 3259583 TI - Mitogen-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of a 42-kD cellular protein: evidence for a protein kinase-C requirement. AB - Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 42-kD, cytosolic protein is a rapid consequence when quiescent cells are stimulated with any one of a diverse group of mitogenic agents. Among the inducers of this tyrosine phosphorylation are activators of protein kinase C, raising the possibility that this serine/threonine-specific protein kinase plays a role in mitogen-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. Using fibroblastic cells depleted of protein kinase C by chronic treatment with the tumor promoter tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), we now show that protein kinase C is required for the tyrosine phosphorylation of the 42-kD protein, even when epidermal growth factor (EGF), whose receptor is a tyrosine-specific protein kinase, provides the initial stimulus. EGF is able to induce other cellular phosphorylations independent of protein kinase C, whereas thrombin appears to require the protein kinase C-dependent pathway. These findings suggest that phosphorylation of the 42-kD protein is part of a protein kinase C-dependent kinase cascade involved in intracellular signalling. PMID- 3259585 TI - Incidence of infertility of immune origin in a group of marriages with unexplained infertility. AB - This study was designed to estimate the incidence of infertility of immune origin in a group of 102 married couples with unexplained infertility, out of a total of 1346 couples being treated for infertility. The tests included microagglutination of spermatozoa, microzone sera immunoelectrophoresis and sera immunodiffusion methods. In this group the sera of 23 (22.55%) women and 21 (20.58%) men contained antibodies, and these seemed to be the only cause of infertility. In relation to the total number of 1346 couples, infertility of immune origin was found in 1.70% of female and 1.56% of male partners. Conjugal immune-origin infertility was present in 0.56% of marriages. Out of 1346 treated infertile marriages, an immunologic factor was evidently the only cause of infertility in 2.57%. PMID- 3259586 TI - Studies on psychosomatic implications of infertility--effects of emotional stress on fertilization and implantation in in-vitro fertilization. AB - A case report shows the long and stony path of a couple who had to go through eight attempts at IVF in 4 years until the desired child was achieved. The psychosomatic implications of the various 'failures' of treatment become clearer when compared with the results of a psycho-endocrinological questionnaire completed by 551 patients and 115 controls since 1982. This questionnaire contains among others the Giessen personality test for the image of self, mother and father, a somatic complaints score to evaluate the severity of autonomic disorders, items for the presence and severity of possible gynaeco endocrinological symptoms and items to evaluate the reference persons and their changes during childhood. The following results could be obtained. In a comparison of the means of 58 different somatic complaints, patients rated significantly higher than controls (P = 0.002). Women with menstrual disturbances, menstrual pains, acne or unclear skin or dry skin also suffered more from other complaints. These symptoms were also correlated with a higher score for depressive mood. Those women who were not brought up by both parents during their childhood also scored significantly higher (P less than 0.0001) in the somatic complaints score. In the Giessen personality test patients appeared significantly more compulsive (P less than 0.002) and depressive (P = 0.003) than the controls and identified themselves more with their mothers. From 60 patients in our IVF programme, 19 had no fertilization of oocytes and scored significantly higher (P = 0.008) on the social potency scale than did the patients with fertilized oocytes. Women with unsuccessful treatments in terms of pregnancy scored significantly higher in the social resonance and social potency tests. We interpret this exaggerated positive attitude as an attempt to overcome inner fears, doubts and ambivalences. These results support the importance of psychosomatic aspects in infertility and reassure us of the necessity of including counselling in any infertility treatment, including IVF. PMID- 3259588 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the human spinal cord: a light and electron microscopic analysis. AB - The distribution of CGRP immunoreactivity in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral levels of the human spinal cord was mapped at the light microscopic level with the aid of a rabbit-generated antiserum against human calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). CGRP-positive fibers formed a dense plexus in lamina I, II, the reticulated region of lamina V, and the tract of Lissauer at all spinal cord levels. The distribution of fibers showed some variations dependent on the cord level analyzed. At the light microscopic level, intervaricose fiber diameters consistently measured 1.0 micron or less, and two types of CGRP varicosities were observed: a small (1 to 2 microns in diameter), relatively round profile and a larger, (3 to 4 microns in diameter) oval or oblong profile. At the electron microscopic level, immunostained varicosities contained a mixture of round clear vesicles and vesicles that contained dense cores. The CGRP immunoreaction product was often associated with vesicles containing dense cores. The reaction product was also seen associated with clear round vesicles or in the cytoplasmic matrix. Postsynaptic elements included dendritic spines, small and large diameter dendritic shafts and vesicle containing profiles. The presence of CGRP in the superficial dorsal horn of human spinal cord is highly suggestive of a role in primary afferent transmission as postulated in lower vertebrates. This study establishes the distribution of CGRP at four different spinal levels in human cord and will serve as a basis for future studies related to the pathologic conditions affecting sensory systems. PMID- 3259587 TI - A simple radioimmunoassay of human interleukin-2. AB - We have developed a liquid phase radioimmunoassay of human interleukin-2 which uses inexpensive commercially available reagents exclusively. The assay is simple, reproducible and specific in detecting different batches of human interleukin-2 of natural as well as recombinant origin, but not detecting recombinant murine interleukin-2. The assay is sensitive to a concentration of approximately 0.05 ng/ml and can be used in measurement of IL-2 in serum containing culture media. PMID- 3259589 TI - Corticotropin releasing factor-containing afferents to the lateral septum of the rat brain. AB - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-containing afferents to the rat lateral septum (LS) have been determined by means of cobalt-enhanced immunohistochemistry, tracing of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and by lesioning experiments. When unilateral lesions included the rostral part of the hypothalamus, CRF-like immunoreactive (CRFI) ipsilateral fibers in the LS decreased in number. Lesions in other brain regions did not cause alterations in the septal CRFI fibers. These findings suggest that the septal CRFI fibers originate in the rostral part of the hypothalamus. Furthermore, combined HRP and immunohistochemical staining on the same sections demonstrated double-labeled cells in two discrete areas within the rostral hypothalamus: one was the perifornical hypothalamic area (PeF) at the level of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, and the other was the most caudal part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHc). These findings show that a large proportion of the CRFI projections to the LS have their origins in the PeF and AHc. PMID- 3259591 TI - Letterer-Siwe disease: immunopathologic study with a new monoclonal antibody. AB - Three cases of Letterer-Siwe disease were studied with the monoclonal antibody Lag, which reacts to the antigen on the membranes of Birbeck granules and related structures of human Langerhans cells. Both lymph nodes and lesional skin contained abundant Lag-positive cells. By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, antigenic substances in the lymph nodes of patients with Letterer-Siwe disease were found to have the same molecular weight of 40,000 dalton and isoelectric points extending from 4.7 to 6.5 as those in normal human skin and lymph nodes. Our results support the contention that Letterer-Siwe disease is a proliferative disorder of Langerhans cells. A double-staining method with Lag and anti-T6 antibody revealed that Lag reacted to 70% of T6-positive cells in the lymph nodes but to almost all such cells in skin lesions of patients with Letterer-Siwe disease, suggesting that the proliferating cells consist of at least Lag+, T6+, and Lag-, T6+ subpopulations. PMID- 3259590 TI - Regeneration of adult dorsal root axons into transplants of embryonic spinal cord. AB - Transplants of the embryonic rat spinal cord survive and differentiate in the spinal cords of adult and newborn host rats. Very little is known about the extent to which these homotopic transplants can provide an environment for regeneration of adult host axons that normally terminate in the spinal cord. We have used horseradish peroxidase injury filling and transganglionic transport methods to determine whether transected dorsal roots regenerate into fetal spinal cord tissue grafted into the spinal cords of adult rats. Additional transplants were examined for the presence of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity, which in the normal dorsal horn is derived exclusively from primary afferent axons. Host animals had one side of the L4-5 spinal cord resected and replaced by a transplant of E14 or E15 spinal cord. Adjacent dorsal roots were sectioned and juxtaposed to the graft. The dorsal roots and their projections into the transplants were then labeled 2-9 months later. The tracing methods that used transport or diffusion of horseradish peroxidase demonstrated that severed host dorsal root axons had regenerated and grown into the transplants. In addition, some donor and host neurons had extended their axons into the periphery to at least the midthigh level as indicated by retrograde labeling following application of tracer to the sciatic nerve. Primary afferent axons immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide were among those that regenerated into transplants, and the projections shown by this immunocytochemical method exceeded those demonstrated by the horseradish peroxidase tracing techniques. Growth of the host dorsal roots into transplants indicates that fetal spinal cord tissue permits regeneration of adult axotomized neurons that would otherwise be aborted at the dorsal root/spinal cord junction. This transplantation model should therefore prove useful in studying the enhancement and specificity of the regrowth of axons that normally terminate in the spinal cord. PMID- 3259592 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with panniculitis. AB - Alpha 1-Antitrypsin is the principal serum protease inhibitor. In addition to the well-recognized association with early-onset emphysema and cirrhosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency may be associated with panniculitis. In this article we describe three patients in whom the recognition of certain clinical and histologic features of panniculitis eventually led to the diagnosis of alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. Two of our patients were young adults and one was a child. All three had draining, panniculitis, or cellulitis-like lesions at sites of prior trauma. The histopathologic findings were characterized by liquefactive dermal necrosis and collagenolysis of the fibrous septa of the subcutis. The combination of these clinical and microscopic findings should suggest the diagnosis of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency panniculitis. The suspicion can be verified by obtaining quantitative serum levels and enzyme phenotyping. The identification of the alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency state as the cause of a distinct type of panniculitis adds additional evidence for the elimination of the term Weber-Christian disease. PMID- 3259593 TI - Changes in the self and professional images of student nurses. AB - This study tested hypotheses concerning the development of self-image and professional orientations among students of nursing in two Israeli schools (n = 235), one of which was religiously affiliated and the other secular. The study involved a longitudinal comparison of attitudes at the beginning of the programme of study and after 3 months, and a cross-sectional comparison of the attitudes of students in each of the 3 years of the nursing programme. Based on a review of the literature, we predicted that the student's self-image and her image of the ideal professional nurse would grow more congruent during her studies. In addition, we predicted that her image of the ideal professional and the image held by her instructor would grow more congruent. The latter hypothesis was partly supported by the panel data and strongly supported by the cross-sectional data, whereas the hypothesis concerning self-image and professional image was not supported. No support was found for two other hypotheses predicting that religious students would show a greater tendency towards the expected changes. Instead we found that the gap between the religious students' professional image and that held by their instructors was greater than it was for the secular students. Moreover, the supervisors in the religious school had different images of the profession than their secular counterparts. PMID- 3259594 TI - T cell localization in rabbit models of acute and chronic experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - Cell-mediated hypersensitivity has been increasingly implicated in immunologic diseases of the lung, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP) (extrinsic allergic alveolitis). We used a T cell-specific monoclonal antibody (L11/135) to localize T cells in the parenchyma and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue of ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung sections in rabbit models of experimental HSP to define further their possible role in pathogenesis. T cells appeared within 4 hours in early lesions of rabbit models of acute HSP and heavily infiltrated alveolitis lesions at 8 and 24 hours after aerosol challenge. T cells were also present in lesions of rabbit models with chronic alveolitis and occurred peripherally in granulomas. Variable aggregate and follicular forms of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue rich in T cells occurred in both experimental and control animals. Our findings document early and continuing presence of T cells in lesions in rabbit models of experimental HSP. PMID- 3259595 TI - Colpocephaly: frequency and associated findings. AB - Colpocephaly is an abnormal enlargement of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle, also described as persistence of the fetal configuration of the lateral ventricles. Since it was first described, colpocephaly has been found in association with a number of abnormalities of the brain. In order to determine the frequency of this ventricular configuration at our hospital, we reviewed 3,411 computed tomographic (CT) scans done over a 26-month period. Fourteen cases were identified in which the CT scan had the appearance of colpocephaly. These CT scans were performed during the evaluation of a number of different clinical problems. Agenesis of the corpus callosum was the most frequently associated malformation. The types of malformations commonly associated with colpocephaly suggest that colpocephaly is merely a marker of disordered brain formation and that insults occurring anytime between one and four months of gestation may result in this anomaly. PMID- 3259596 TI - Target cell expression of MHC antigens is not (always) a turn-off signal to natural killer cells. AB - Recent evidence has demonstrated that the lytic function of natural killer cells might be regulated by potential target cells through the target cells' expression of cell surface components that are able to inhibit the lytic process. Specifically, it has been shown in many target cell systems that the expression of class I MHC proteins by target cells is inversely proportional to their susceptibility to lysis by NK cells. It has been suggested, therefore, that MHC proteins may act as important negative regulatory elements in the ongoing control of NK cell function. Herein, we examined two closely related murine lymphoma cells (ASL1 and ASL1w), both in terms of their susceptibility to lysis by NK cells as well as their expression of both H-2K and H-2D class I MHC proteins. The results of these studies showed that whereas ASL1 and ASL1w cells differed greatly in their susceptibility to NK cell lysis (ASL1 was much more NK resistant than ASL1w), both expressed high levels of H-2K and D proteins. In contrast to what might have been predicted base on reports from other target cell systems, the more NK susceptible ASL1w cells expressed somewhat higher levels of H-2K Ag than did ASL1 cells. These results indicate that expression of H-2 class I proteins by target cells, in and of itself, is not sufficient to inhibit the lytic activity of murine NK cells. PMID- 3259597 TI - Effect of human endopeptidase 24.11 ("enkephalinase") on IL-1-induced thymocyte proliferation activity. AB - Endopeptidase 24.11 (enkephalinase) is a membrane bound protease involved in the degradation of neuropeptides and hormones. Its presence on cells of the thymus and lymph nodes suggests a possible role in the inactivation of immune system mediators. IL-1 (both purified IL-1 beta and an IL-1-rich supernatant) bioactivity, as measured in the thymocyte proliferation assay, was found to disappear upon incubation with endopeptidase 24.11. This inactivation was dependent on both incubation time and enzyme concentration. IL-1 beta was protected by the presence in the incubation medium of phosphoramidon, a specific inhibitor of endopeptidase 24.11. After incubation of IL-1-rich supernatant with the enzyme, the thymocyte proliferation activity could be restored by adding purified IL-1 beta to the samples, indicating that neither the enzyme nor the buffer had any toxic effect on thymocyte proliferation. In the same experimental conditions, IL-2 activity was not destroyed by endopeptidase 24.11. PMID- 3259599 TI - Demonstration by in situ hybridization of dissimilar IL-1 beta gene expression in human alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide. AB - IL-1 beta is the major form of IL-1 produced by mononuclear phagocytes. To evaluate the possible mechanisms underlying the observation that mature populations of human mononuclear phagocytes as alveolar macrophages are relatively poor IL-1 producers compared with blood monocytes, the expression of the IL-1 beta gene mRNA transcripts was evaluated in LPS-stimulated normal autologous blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages by using a IL-1 beta cDNA probe. Although Northern analysis demonstrated that stimulated monocytes and alveolar macrophages both express 1.8-kb IL-1 beta mRNA transcripts, cytoplasmic dot blot analysis showed that the total IL-1 beta mRNA content in alveolar macrophages was only 38 +/- 5% of that in blood monocytes. In situ hybridization with antisense and sense IL-1 beta RNA probes demonstrated that whereas most of stimulated blood monocytes contained IL-1 beta mRNA transcripts, a significant proportion of autologous alveolar macrophages stimulated in an identical fashion did not express the IL-1 beta gene. Within 4 h after LPS stimulation, IL-1 beta mRNA transcripts were detected in 81 +/- 6% monocytes, whereas only 16 +/- 9% of alveolar macrophages were positive, and by 18 h this had increased only to 43 +/- 15%. Quantification of the size distribution of the IL-1 beta mRNA expressing mononuclear phagocytes demonstrated that, among the population of alveolar macrophages, the cells expressing this gene were not confined to those that were "monocyte-like." These observations demonstrate that there is a heterogeneity among population of mononuclear phagocytes in their ability to express the gene for IL-1 beta, which could explain the differences observed in IL-1 production. PMID- 3259598 TI - Mapping of biologically relevant sites on human IL-1 beta using monoclonal antibodies. AB - mAb have been raised that recognize human IL-1 beta. Using overlapping peptide fragments expressed in yeast and bacteria, we have mapped the regions of the protein to which these antibodies bind. To assess the relevance of the different regions of IL-1 beta for the expression of its biologic activity, the ability of the antibodies to block IL-1 activity was assayed. Antibodies recognizing the regions 133-148 and 251-269 of human IL-1 beta could inhibit the activity of IL-1 beta, but not of IL-1 alpha, in two different biologic assays, the murine thymocyte proliferation and PGE2 release from human fibroblasts. Conversely, antibodies that recognize the region 218-243 have only a moderate inhibitory effect on the IL-1 beta biologic activity in both assays. Finally, an antibody mapping to the region 148-192 did not inhibit IL-1 beta activity either on thymocytes or on fibroblasts. It is suggested that IL-1 beta-induced cell activation involves different regions of the protein and that both N-terminal and C-terminal fragments are involved in the correct functioning of the IL-1 beta molecule. PMID- 3259600 TI - Protective, restorative, and therapeutic properties of recombinant human IL-1 in rodent models. AB - Human rIL-1 alpha and -1 beta are shown to increase significantly the CFU-culture activity in the spleen as well as at other sites after i.v. or i.p. administration. IL-1 can also significantly increase survival and can "rescue" a number of animals if administered either before or after lethal doses of cyclophosphamide or gamma-irradiation. The protective and reconstitutive activities of the rIL-1 are shown to correlate with increased CFU-culture frequency and total number, as well as increased cellularity in the bone marrow and peripheral blood, suggesting that this is one of their mechanisms of action. The sequence and timing of administration of human rIL-1 is critical for the protection or rescue of animals receiving DNA-damaging agents; maximal activity is achieved when IL-1 is given 20 h before insult or 48 h after alkylating agent administration. Minimal therapeutic activity is observed with IL-1 as a single agent for the treatment of metastatic disease compared with other biologic response modifiers including IFN-gamma. PMID- 3259601 TI - Dual regulation of resistance against Toxoplasma gondii infection by Lyt-2+ and Lyt-1+, L3T4+ T cells in mice. AB - Studies were performed to attempt to define the T cell subset responsible for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. A temperature-sensitive mutant (ts-4) strain of T. gondii was used for immunization because it causes infection but does not persist in the host. Immunization with this strain induced marked resistance against lethal challenge infection with virulent strains of T. gondii in mice. The resistance could be transferred to normal recipient mice by i.v. injection of spleen cells from ts-4-immunized mice. Marked inhibition of cyst formation in the recipient mice was also noted. The protective activity of immune spleen cells was removed by pretreatment of the spleen cells with anti-Thy-1.2 and C, indicating that T cells are responsible for the observed protection. Pretreatment of immune spleen cells with anti-Lyt-2.2 and C completely ablated their protective effect; pretreatment with anti-Lyt-1.2 or anti-L3T4 and C had lesser effects on their ability to transfer resistance. The effect of anti-Lyt-1.2 was the same as that obtained with anti-L3T4. This suggested that one T cell subset that is partially responsible for protection has both Lyt-1.2 and L3T4 markers on the cell surface. These results indicate that there are substantial roles for both the Lyt-2+ and Lyt-1+, L3T4 T cell subsets in dual regulation of resistance against toxoplasma infection and that Lyt-2+ T cells are the principal mediator of the resistance. PMID- 3259602 TI - The intrinsic affinity constant (K) of anticapsular antibody to oligosaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Antibody to the polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b is crucial to host defense. Affinities of antibody elicited by vaccination with PRP and PRP-diphtheria toxoid conjugate were determined using oligosaccharides (OS) from PRP. The affinities of antibody induced by vaccination with PRP to OS of three and four repeat units were similar but greater than the affinity to the two-unit OS. NaBH4 reduction of the three unit OS did not alter the binding affinity, indicating that the reducing end of the OS did not participate in antibody binding. Over the range of OS concentrations tested, antibody affinity appeared to be homogeneous. Antibody concentration could be determined from binding experiments independently from affinity. Whole serum had 8- to 40-fold less antibody detected by binding analysis than by RIA, but the antibody concentration of an IgG fraction measured by the two methods agreed within a factor of two. We could not account for the discrepancy in concentrations found with whole serum by the presence of IgM or IgA antibody. The average affinity of antibodies of 10 adults vaccinated with PRP was similar to that of antibodies elicited in 14 adults vaccinated with a PRP diphtheria toxoid conjugate (10.7 x 10(5) vs 7.6 x 10(5) liter/mol, respectively, p greater than 0.05). We conclude that the intrinsic affinity of antibody after vaccination with PRP is low and is not different from that of antibody elicited by PRP diphtheria toxoid conjugate. PMID- 3259603 TI - Heterogeneity of lymphokine-activated killer cells induced by IL-2. Separate lymphoid subpopulations lyse tumor, allogeneic blasts, and modified syngeneic blasts. AB - Murine splenocytes incubated for 3 to 4 days with the lymphokine, IL-2, acquire the ability to mediate the lysis of a wide variety of fresh tumor targets in short term chromium release assays. We undertook these studies to examine the lysis of splenocyte blasts by these lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, to help gain an understanding of the mechanisms of target cell recognition. Allogeneic blast targets but not syngeneic blasts are highly lysable by LAK effector cells. By using congenic mice, we have shown that only the H-2 haplotype, and not other differences, determines the recognition and lysis of a blast target cell. Both Con A- and LPS-induced allogeneic splenocyte blasts are lysed and thus lectin-induced binding of effectors and targets is unlikely to be responsible for this effect. By using in vivo antibody depletion experiments, we showed that different populations of effector cells mediate the lysis of tumor cells and allogeneic blasts. Furthermore, we observed that the lysis of a susceptible blast can be inhibited only by like cold blasts of the same haplotype. These results suggest that there is a separate population of LAK cells responsible for the lysis of each type of blast target cell. Though syngeneic blasts were not lysed by LAK cells, TNP modification of syngeneic blasts converted them into cells that were recognized and lysed by LAK cells. In cold target inhibition studies, the lysis of fresh syngeneic tumor was not inhibited by TNP-modified syngeneic blasts. Similarly, the lysis of TNP-modified syngeneic blasts was not inhibited by fresh tumor. By using in vitro antibody depletion, we determined that TNP-modified blasts are lysed by LAK cells with Thy-1+ precursors, in distinction to the Thy-1- precursors involved in tumor cell lysis. Elimination of the Thy-1+ cells at the precursor stage completely abrogated the lysis of blasts but did not diminish the lysis of tumor cells. We conclude that IL-2 promotes the growth of numerous populations of effector cells with Thy-1+ precursors that have a narrow range of specificity, in contrast to the broad lytic ability for fresh tumor mediated by LAK cells with Thy-1- precursors. PMID- 3259604 TI - Antibody to a novel 95-kDa surface glycoprotein on human B cells induces calcium mobilization and B cell activation. AB - These findings characterize a 95-kDa glycoprotein on the surface of B lymphocytes recognized by the mAb G28-8. This protein (designated Bgp95), previously classified as a CD39 molecule, is unique based on functional, cell distribution, and immunochemical criteria. Biochemical analyses revealed that Bgp95 is a 95-kDa glycoprotein with N-linked carbohydrate and is reduced to about 70-kDa after treatment with endoglycopeptidase F. In functional studies, stimulation by G28-8 mAb or its F(ab')2 fragments induced a G0 to G1 cell cycle transition and was synergistic with PMA, anti-mu, or anti-CDw40 in stimulating proliferation of resting B cells. G28-8 mAb also could induce increases of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration [Ca2+]i in a subpopulation of tonsillar or peripheral blood B cells. The G28-8 mAb alone induced a steady increase in [Ca2+]i detectable even 1 h after stimulation. Cross-linking the G28-8 mAb with a second mAb specific for murine kappa light chains induced a more rapid increase of [Ca2+]i which peaked at 10 to 20 min and then declined. At 1 h after stimulation, [Ca2+]i was higher in B cells stimulated with G28-8 alone than in B cells stimulated with G28-8 plus anti-kappa. The same conditions of cross-linking with the anti-kappa which increased the kinetics of the [Ca2+]i response decreased the proliferative response which otherwise followed co-incubation of the mAb with B cell growth factor or PMA. Thus, conditions leading to rapid but transient [Ca2+]i increase via Bgp95 may not be as effective at stimulating B cell proliferation as conditions favoring a slower prolonged [Ca2+]i response. Although the Bgp95 molecule is present on activated buoyant tonsillar B cells, mAb to Bgp95 did not trigger [Ca2+]i increases in these cells. These results suggest that the Bgp95 protein may function in early B cell activation and that its signal mechanisms are altered by the activation state of the cell. PMID- 3259605 TI - Thymus-dependent and thymus-independent developmental pathways for peripheral T cell receptor-gamma delta-bearing lymphocytes. AB - To elucidate the developmental pathways of T cells that bear TCR gamma delta, we have analyzed the kinetics of expression and biochemical characteristics of gamma delta receptors in the thymus and spleen of normal and athymic (nude) mice, as well as nude mice engrafted with neonatal thymuses. TCR gamma delta-bearing thymocytes and splenocytes have a CD4-8- phenotype, and both populations express products of the C gamma 1 locus. TCR gamma delta-bearing cells develop in the thymus before their appearance in the spleen. Young nude mice have no detectable TCR gamma delta-bearing cells in their spleens. When young nude mice are given thymus grafts, TCR gamma delta-bearing cells of host origin first develop in the engrafted thymus, followed by their appearance in the spleen. In the absence of a thymus graft, the spleens of old nude mice eventually develop small numbers of TCR gamma delta + cells, as well as TCR alpha beta + cells. These results demonstrate that there is a major thymic-dependent pathway for TCR gamma delta expression, as well as a minor thymic-independent pathway seen in older nude mice. The development of TCR gamma delta + cells in the thymus before their appearance in the spleen, both in normal ontogeny as well as in the thymus engrafted nude mouse model, suggests that thymic TCR gamma delta + cells are precursors of the thymus-dependent population of peripheral TCR gamma delta + cells. PMID- 3259606 TI - Selection of antibody repertoires by anti-idiotypes can occur at multiple steps of B cell differentiation. AB - These experiments were designed to evaluate whether alterations in Id expression after anti-Id treatments result from direct modulation of Id-producing B cells, and whether idiotypic selection operates in bone marrow or spleen B cells. By using the NPb Id model, we have studied the functional behavior of isolated LPS reactive B cells transferred from B6 mice into histocompatible LPS-NR B10.Cr hosts and primed with LPS conjugates of anti-Id antibodies. We have found that previous anti-idiotypic manipulation of host mice by neonatal administration of suppressive doses of Ac 38 antibodies, or adult injection of enhancing doses of Ac 146 antibodies, modulated the T cell-independent Id response of either immature bone marrow or mature splenic responding cells, transferred from normal, untreated donors. These results are interpreted to suggest that selection of antibody repertoires by anti-Id may occur at multiple steps of B cell differentiation. PMID- 3259607 TI - Altered expression of lymphocyte differentiation antigens on phorbol ester activated CD4+8+ T cells. AB - Altered expression of cell surface Ag is an early event accompanying Ag-, mitogen , or phorbol ester-induced activation of mature T cells. In this report, phorbol ester-induced changes in the expression of several functionally significant cell surface molecules are explored on immature thymocytes and lymphoma cells presenting a cortical CD4+8+ double-positive (DP) phenotype. Both CD4 and CD8 expressions are down-modulated on DP cells incubated with PMA. Cell-surface expression of CD4 and CD8 remains depressed for 72 h in the presence of PMA, but is restored after removal of PMA from the culture medium. The PMA-mediated loss of Ag expression is associated with a rapid down-regulation of steady state CD4 and CD8 mRNA transcript levels in treated cells. The sustained loss of CD4 and CD8 surface expression on DP cells is a selective event because CD5 expression is enhanced, H-2 expression is unchanged, and CD3 expression is only transiently diminished by PMA stimulation. Other T cell-activating agents, including Con A, ionomycin, and anti-CD3 mAb, induce selected surface antigenic changes on DP cells, but do not mimic the pattern of altered Ag expression observed after PMA stimulation. These data demonstrate that, similar to mature subsets, T cells in the DP nonmature compartment undergo alterations in expression of functionally important cell-surface molecules in response to activating agents. Nevertheless, distinctions between mature and nonmature T cells regarding specific alterations in differentiation Ag phenotype suggest that the effect of PMA on expression of these molecules depends, in part, on the maturation stage of the target cell population. PMID- 3259608 TI - The effect of cyclosporine on epidermal cells. I. Cyclosporine inhibits accessory cell functions of epidermal Langerhans cells in vitro. AB - Although the precise mechanism of action of cyclosporine (CS) is unknown, there is substantial evidence that CS preferentially acts on T cells by impairing lymphokine production. Recent studies have demonstrated that CS may also inhibit the functions of accessory cells and APC. Since topically applied CS inhibits contact sensitivity and epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are very effective accessory cells and APC, we determined whether CS directly affects their accessory cell functions. Murine LC were pulsed with solvent control or with various doses of CS (up to 10 micrograms/ml) and then Con A-induced T cell proliferation was assayed. CS pulsing of LC caused, when compared with solvent control-pulsed LC, a dose-dependent decrease in T cell stimulation (up to 93%). LC fixed with paraformaldehyde after 2-h CS pulsing showed a similar degree of decreased accessory cell function, indicating that the immunosuppressive action is established by 2 h. The inhibitory capacity of CS pulsing on LC is not likely to be related to diminished IL-1 production, enhanced PG biosynthesis, or decreased surface Ia Ag intensity. The possibility of carryover of CS into the culture supernatants was ruled out by adding CS-pulsed LC or their supernatants to other T cell proliferative assays. Thus, these studies indicate that CS directly inhibits accessory cell functions of LC. PMID- 3259609 TI - Human monoclonal rheumatoid factor-like antibodies from CD5 (Leu-1)+ B cells are polyreactive. AB - CD5+ lymphocytes constitute a major subset of the normal human B cell repertoire. We found here, by transformation with EBV and limiting dilution analysis, that the majority of CD5+ B cells from healthy subjects are committed to the production of antibodies with rheumatoid factor-like activity. By fusing the EBV transformed cells generated from CD5+ B lymphocytes with human-mouse heterohybrid cells, we constructed continuous cell lines producing mAb. These mAb bound not only to the Fc fragment of IgG but also at varying degrees to other self-Ag, such as ssDNA, thyroglobulin, and insulin, as well as to exogenous Ag, such as tetanus toxoid, LPS from Gram-negative and polysaccharides from Gram-positive bacteria. Competitive inhibition studies revealed that although each of the mAb reacted with the Fc fragment of IgG, their functional affinities for other Ag varied by as much as 1000-fold. Our studies argue that broad polyreactivity is an inherent property of the antibodies produced by CD5+ B lymphocytes and that these antibodies may be what has been referred to as the "natural antibodies" of the serum. PMID- 3259610 TI - Phosphorylation of T cell membrane proteins by activators of protein kinase C. AB - Activation of the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in T cell activation. We investigated the phosphorylation of CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD28 (Tp44), CD43 (sialophorin, gp115), and LFA-1 after incubation of human PBMC with the (PKC) activator PMA. These proteins were chosen for their role in transmembrane signal transduction (CD2, CD3, CD5, CD28, CD43), cell-cell interaction and adhesion (CD2, CD4, CD8, and LFA-1), or involvement in immunodeficiency states (CD43, CD7). CD5, CD7, CD43, and the alpha-chain of LFA-1 were found to be constitutively phosphorylated. PMA induced rapid hyperphosphorylation of CD5, CD7, and CD43, but not of the LFA-1 alpha-chain, and induced the phosphorylation of CD3, CD4, CD8 and of the LFA-1 beta-chain. PMA did not cause the phosphorylation of CD2 and CD28. PMA-induced phosphorylation was partially inhibited by the PKC inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2 methylpiperazine dihydrochloride. Finally, the T cell activator Con A, which binds to the CD3/TCR complex was shown to induce a profile of protein phosphorylation similar to that observed with PMA. We conclude that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of T cell Ag may represent an important regulatory mechanism that governs the process of T cell activation. PMID- 3259611 TI - The influence of lipopolysaccharide content on the apparent B cell stimulating activity of anti-mu preparations. AB - Anti-mu preparations differ greatly in their ability to stimulate mouse B cells to incorporate tritiated thymidine (TdR). We have found that these differences may be due in part to different levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content. In this report we show that LPS concentrations as low as 0.025 ng/ml stimulate the proliferation of T-depleted (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 (B6D2F1) spleen cells, provided that 5 X 10(-5) M 2-mercaptoethanol is also present. Each of six commercial anti mu preparations tested for LPS content contained more than this amount. We describe a technique that uses polymyxin B-agarose to remove nanogram quantities of LPS from anti-mu preparations. In B6D2F1 B cells, LPS-depleted anti-mu preparations induced much more uniform tritiated thymidine incorporation than did non-depleted preparations; but there was little difference between the two preparations when tested on B cells from C3H/HeJ (LPS hyporesponsive) mice. PMID- 3259612 TI - Theophylline-resistant and theophylline-sensitive "active" and "total" E rosette forming lymphocytes in patients with systemic scleroderma. AB - Using the E rosette test and its modification with theophylline, we have studied T regulatory lymphocytes in various forms of systemic scleroderma. Mean percentages of active rosette-forming cells (ARFC) as well as the fraction resistant to theophylline incubation (ARFC-res) were significantly decreased, irrespective of the variety of the disease, compared to the age-matched controls. Late ("cold") rosette-forming fractions were unimpaired. The theophylline sensitive fraction of total rosette-forming cells (TRFC-sens), which contains mainly cells from the suppressor circuit, was found to be lowered in all patients groups studied, whereas the ARFC-sens fraction was significantly decreased only in patients with diffuse scleroderma over 50 years of age, in whom there was a tendency to a more severe course, as manifested by pronounced systemic organ involvement. The lowered values of E rosette tests were found in a majority of SSc patients and were correlated with the appearance in the sera of factors capable of inhibiting ARFC formation by normal human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Normal values of the E rosette test were related to the presence in the patients' sera of factors stimulating ARFC formation by normal lymphocytes. We surmise from the results that in SSc patients the T-cell defect is not only restricted to T suppressor cells but also refers to the active theophylline resistant fraction containing mainly T inducer and T cytotoxic cells. PMID- 3259614 TI - Characteristics of human herpesvirus-6. PMID- 3259613 TI - Efficacy of five years of continuous, low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for urinary tract infection. PMID- 3259615 TI - Pneumocystis carinii. PMID- 3259616 TI - Retinoid changes in the in vitro regeneration of frog visual pigments. AB - To investigate the regeneration of visual pigment, the changes in composition and quantity of retinoids were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Eye cups or eye cup sections of dark-adapted frogs were exposed to light (greater than 500 nm) and incubated in the dark for several hours (pH 7.4, 27 +/- 1 degree C). Retinoids extracted by the oxime method before and after illumination were analysed by HPLC. In the dark, every eye cup or eye cup section contained 11-cis and all-trans isomers of retinyl palmitate (the proportion of 11 cis was nearly 40%). The amount of retinyl palmitate was 1-1.5 mol equiv of visual pigment. After 80% of the visual pigment had been bleached by illumination, eye cups or eye cup sections were incubated in the dark for 10 h. During the incubation, 70% of the bleached pigment was regenerated, and the proportion of 11-cis retinyl ester decreased from 40% to 13%. These results indicate that stored 11-cis retinyl ester is used for the regeneration. The regeneration rate of A2-pigment (half time = 75 min) was faster than that of A1 pigment (half time = 90 min), consistent with the result of Tsin & Flores' (1986) in vivo experiment with goldfish. PMID- 3259617 TI - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): one designer drug and serendipity. AB - Through an unlikely series of coincidences and fortunate accidents, the development of Parkinson's disease in several illicit drug users was traced to their use of a meperidine analog contaminated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The discovery of a chemical capable of producing animal models of the disease has revitalized research efforts and resulted in important new information. The serendipitous finding also prompted consideration of what changes seem advisable if designer drugs are to be dealt with more efficaciously. PMID- 3259618 TI - Immunotherapy of head and neck cancer: an overview. PMID- 3259619 TI - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine metabolism and 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium uptake in dissociated cell cultures from the embryonic mesencephalon. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a contaminant found in a synthetic illicit drug, can elicit in humans and monkeys a severe extrapyramidal syndrome similar to Parkinson's disease. It also induces alterations of the dopamine (DA) pathways in rodents. MPTP neurotoxicity requires its enzymatic transformation into 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase followed by its concentration into target cells, the DA neurons. Here, we show that mesencephalic glial cells from the mouse embryo can take up MPTP in vitro, transform it into MPP+, and release it into the culture medium. MPTP is not taken up by neurons from either the mesencephalon or the striatum in vitro (8 days in serum-free conditions). However, mesencephalic neurons in culture revealed a high affinity uptake mechanism for the metabolite MPP+, similar to that for DA. The affinity (Km) for DA uptake is fivefold higher than that for MPP+ (0.2 and 1.1 microM, respectively), whereas the number of uptake sites for MPP+ is double (Vmax = 25 and 55 pmol/mg of protein/min for DA and MPP+, respectively). Mazindol, a DA uptake inhibitor, blocks the uptake of DA and MPP+ equally well under these conditions. Moreover, by competition experiments, the two molecules appear to use the same carrier(s) to enter DA neurons. Small concentrations of MPP+ are also taken up by striatal neurons in vitro. The amount taken up represented less than 10% of the MPP+ uptake in mesencephalic neurons. Depolarization induced by veratridine released comparable proportions of labeled DA and MPP+ from mesencephalic cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259620 TI - Ineffectiveness of adoptive chemoimmunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer cells, interleukin-2, and cyclophosphamide on palpable intradermal murine bladder cancer. AB - The effects of adoptive immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and human recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2), on palpable intradermal (i.d.) bladder tumor were studied. The murine transitional cell carcinoma MBT-2 was used in C3H mice. IL2 was given intraperitoneally at 5,000 U/injection three times a day for 5 consecutive days beginning on day 10. LAK cells were generated in vitro from normal splenocytes: 10(7)-10(8) LAK cells were transferred intravenously on day 10 and, in some experiments, also on day 13. IL2 alone, LAK cells alone (total 8 x 10(7], and both in combination showed little or no influence on intradermally growing MBT-2 tumors. Cyclophosphamide was also combined with adoptive immunotherapy (IL2 and LAK). CY (100 mg/kg, i.p. on day 9 or 10) alone was able to suppress i.d. MBT-2 growth significantly. The combination treatment of IL2 and LAK cells with CY caused additional tumor growth suppression in a manner dependent on the total number of LAK cells transferred. The amount of the additional tumor growth suppression was, however, relatively small when compared with CY plus IL2-treated groups. In comparison, experimentally induced 3-day and 10-day pulmonary metastases of MBT-2 cells were treated by the same protocol of IL2 and LAK cells but without CY. IL2 alone reduced the number of gross metastatic nodules in the lung. The addition of LAK cells to the IL2 almost entirely eradicated the 3-day metastatic nodules but was less effective against the 10-day metastases. The data suggest that adoptive immunotherapy with IL2 and LAK cells mediates tumor regression of micrometastases at a selected organ (lung), but is ineffective against the same tumor growing in the skin or in gross metastatic nodules. Host immune suppression by CY was not beneficial in this model in creating a successful therapeutic effect of LAK cells and IL2. PMID- 3259621 TI - Transcutaneous electrical stimulation and the sensation of prickle. AB - 1. A high-voltage low-current transcutaneous electrical stimulating device was constructed and tested for its suitability to evaluate fabric-evoked prickle sensitivity in a population of 162 subjects. The initial sensation experienced by subjects with this device was the unpleasant sensation of prickle. 2. Single-unit recordings from the rabbit saphenous nerve established that at threshold most unmyelinated cutaneous receptors, both C low-threshold mechanoreceptive and polymodal nociceptive, were activated by the device. 3. Threshold measurements showed that there was no relationship of electrical threshold to atopic status, nor to fabric prickle threshold. It was concluded that our device preferentially excites unmyelinated afferents, but is not useful as a screening device for fabric intolerance. PMID- 3259622 TI - SPECT evaluation of arterial perfusion in regional chemotherapy. AB - Simultaneous emission and transmission tomography was performed after the injection of [99mTc]MAA in 30 patients undergoing intra-arterial chemotherapy to nonhepatic sites to determine the accuracy of catheter placement. The transmission and emission data were reconstructed in transverse, and optionally, coronal and sagittal planes. The correlation of the emission scan with the reconstructed transmission data allowed accurate anatomical localization of the infusate distribution. In seven patients, catheter placement resulted in perfusion to nontumor sites, and hence required repositioning. MAA accumulation was seen in the lungs of all patients, regardless of tumor site, indicating arterio-venous shunting of the MAA. The degree of uptake in the lungs was quantified from planar anterior/posterior thorax images in terms of injected dose in ten patients, with values of 5-50% of injected dose present in the lungs. The technique provides a noninvasive means of accurately determining regional perfusion of chemotherapeutic agents delivered intra-arterially. PMID- 3259623 TI - Stability of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in the normal brain measured by positron emission tomography. AB - Cerebral glucose utilization (LCMRGI) was measured using the [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose method with PET in two groups of ten healthy young volunteers, each scanned in a resting state under different methodological conditions. In addition, five subjects had a second scan within 48 hr. Mean hemispheric values averaged 45.8 +/- 3.3 mumol/100 g/min in the right cerebral hemisphere and 47.0 +/- 3.7 mumol/100 g/min in the left hemisphere. A four-way analysis of variance (group, sex, region, hemisphere) was carried out on the results using three different methods of data manipulation: (a) the raw values of glucose utilization, (b) LCMRGI values "normalized" by the mean hemispheric gray matter LCMRGI value, and (c) log transformed LCMRGI values. For all analysis techniques, significantly higher LCMRGI values were consistently seen in the left mid and posterior temporal area and caudate nucleus relative to the right, and in the right occipital region relative to the left. The coefficient of variation of intrasubject regional differences (9.9%) was significantly smaller than the coefficient of variation for regions between subjects (16.5%). No differences were noted between the sexes and no effect of repeat procedures was seen in subjects having multiple scans. In addition, inter-regional LCMRGI correlations were examined both in values from the 20 normal subjects, as well as in a set of hypothetical "abnormal" values. Results were compared with those reported from other PET centers; despite certain methodological differences, the intersubject and inter-regional variation of LCMRGI is fairly constant. PMID- 3259624 TI - Determination of the optimum filter function for SPECT imaging. AB - An observer study was performed in order to evaluate several filters used in SPECT imaging. The filters were applied to the simulated projection data of a uniform activity density cylinder which contained a cold, spherical lesion, 2 cm in diameter. The data incorporated the effects of the detector and scatter response functions, photon attenuation, and noise. Reconstructed transaxial images were used in 2AFC and ROC observer studies testing lesion detectability. In the 2AFC experiment, the Hanning filter scored lowest and did not show a optimum cutoff frequency. The Butterworth filter performed better and showed a well-defined optimum cutoff frequency at 0.15 cycles/pixel. The Metz filter performed as well as the optimum Butterworth but did not show an optimum power factor. In the ROC study, a high power Metz filter demonstrated an ROC curve of lower Az index and different shape from a lower power Metz filter and the optimum Butterworth filter. PMID- 3259625 TI - The use of heparin to facilitate bleeding in technetium-99m RBC imaging. PMID- 3259626 TI - Nonistropic point spread function as a result of collimator design and manufacturing defects. AB - A point spread function (PSF) which was of an unusual form was observed when using a low energy collimator and a 99mTc point source. A lack of radial symmetry and the detection of events over 20 cm away from the center of the source were noted. The major quantitative effect of this was a variation in the resolution of the system with direction. The consequences of this are likely to be of importance especially for single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging. The effect was produced by a combination of faults in the design and manufacture of the low energy collimators. It demonstrates the importance of making quantitative measurements of collimator performance in the quality control assessment of gamma camera systems. For SPECT imaging the replacement of lead foil collimators with cast collimators should be considered. PMID- 3259627 TI - Synthesis and radiopharmaceutical preparation of (ethylenediamine) (1-carbon-11 malonate) platinum(II) for PET studies. AB - Interest in the distribution, biotransformation, and mechanism of action of anticancer platinum complexes has led to the microscale, semi-automated and remote-controlled synthesis of (ethylenediamine) (1-[11C]malonate) platinum(II) [( 11C]Ptenmal, EDMAL, JM40) from cyclotron-produced [11C]cyanide. Carbon-11 cyanoacetate is produced by reacting [11C]cyanide with bromoacetate. After hydrolysis, the resulting [11C]malonic acid is purified and complexed to (diaquo) (ethylenediamine) platinum(II). Each step of the synthesis was optimized by studying the influence of different variables like reaction time and temperature, pH, necessary purification of intermediates, concentration and ratios of the reactants. Purification of the endproduct is achieved using preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The total incorporation of the [11C]cyanide in the final product was 17-40%. After approximately 1 hr, approximately 40 mCi of [11C]Ptenmal are produced in 10 ml sterile and isotonic dextrose solution ready for i.v. injection. The specific activity is approximately 200 mCi/mumol at EOB. PMID- 3259628 TI - Kinetic analysis of in vivo receptor-dependent binding of human epidermal growth factor by rat tissues. AB - Kinetic analysis of the tissue distribution of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) in rats was performed in vivo. The plasma disappearance half-life of [125I]hEGF was prolonged by coadministration of unlabeled hEGF, indicating saturation of the mechanism for hEGF removal from the systemic circulation. To analyze the contribution of each tissue to the uptake of hEGF, the amount of [125I]hEGF taken up by each tissue was determined after coadministration of various amounts of unlabeled hEGF. Kinetic analysis of the data yielded the following results. (1) Among the tissues examined, the distribution of [125I]hEGF to the liver, kidney, small intestine, stomach, and spleen was much greater than that accounted for by the distribution to the extracellular space of each tissue. (2) The binding (or uptake) of hEGF by these tissues showed remarkable saturation, which may represent the receptor-dependent binding (or uptake) mechanism. (3) The apparent binding (or uptake) clearance per gram of tissue at the low dose (in the range of first-order kinetics), defined with regard to the arterial plasma concentration, was greatest in the kidney, followed by the liver and small intestine. The larger binding (or uptake) clearance of the kidney compared with that of the liver can be attributed to the higher plasma flow rate (per gram of tissue) in the kidney. However, the intrinsic ability to take up hEGF was much greater in the liver than that in the kidney. The hepatic binding (or uptake) of hEGF at the low dose was almost limited by the hepatic plasma flow rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259629 TI - The response characteristics of vibration-sensitive saccular fibers in the grassfrog, Rana temporaria. AB - The response characteristics of saccular nerve fibers in European grassfrogs (Rana temporaria) subjected to dorso-ventral, 10-200 Hz sinusoidal vibrations were studied. Only 4 fibers out of a total of 129 did not respond to the vibrations. 70 fibers had an irregular spontaneous activity of 2-48 spikes/s. These fibers were very vibration-sensitive. The synchronization thresholds at 10 20 Hz varied from below 0.005 to 0.02 cm/s2. In contrast to earlier results, all these fibers had low-pass characteristics (with respect to acceleration) and responded maximally at 10 and 20 Hz. 55 fibers had spontaneous activities from 0 2 spikes/s. These fibers were less sensitive than the fibers with higher spontaneous activity. The spike-rate thresholds varied from about 0.04 to above 1.28 cm/s2, giving a considerable range fractionation. Most of these fibers also had low-pass characteristics with respect to acceleration, but 8 fibers showed band-pass characteristics with maximal synchronizations and spike-rates occurring at 40-80 Hz. At high acceleration levels, most spikes fell within 5-10 degrees of the stimulus cycle. The phase-locking of the saccular fibers is therefore very acute at low frequencies. The phase angles preferred by the fibers at 10 Hz were bimodally distributed with the two peaks about 180 degrees apart. This finding probably reflects the morphological observation that the saccular macula contains two oppositely oriented hair-cell populations. The results also indicate that the actual motion of the otolith relative to the macula is complex. No behavioral role of a vibration receptor has been demonstrated in the grassfrog.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259630 TI - Facile N-oxygenation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine by the flavin-containing monooxygenase. A convenient synthesis of tritiated [methyl-3H] 4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species. AB - A rapid, efficient procedure useful for the radiosynthesis of [Me-3H]-MPDP+ ([methyl-3H]-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species) is described. Hog liver microsomes or the highly purified flavin-containing monooxygenase from hog liver quantitatively biotransforms [Me-3H]-MPTP to its corresponding radiolabeled N oxide. For the small-scale synthesis required for radiolabeling procedures, this enzymatic process is superior to H2O2-mediated N-oxygenation of MPTP. In the presence of 0.5 mM NADPH, 4.5 mM n-octylamine, and 2 microCi [Me-3H]-MPTP, the only product detected in extracts from incubations performed with hog liver microsomes or purified hog liver flavin-containing monooxygenase is [Me-3H]-MPTP N-oxide. [Me-3H]-MPTP N-oxide is almost completely converted to [Me-3H]-MPDP+ by the action of trifluoroacetic anhydride. This procedure has the advantage of using a commercially available tritiated starting material, efficient transformations, and easily accomplished purification to afford a rapid synthesis of [Me-3H]-MPDP+. PMID- 3259631 TI - Studies on the mechanisms of the development of lupus nephritis in BXSB mice. II. Comparative studies between male BXSB and MRL/lpr mice at the onset period. AB - In order to analyze relation of immunological abnormalities to the development of lupus glomerulonephritis (LGN) at an early stage, various immunological parameters were examined in BXSB and MRL/lpr mice at 8 and 13 weeks of age. The following results were obtained. (a) Male BXSB mice showed slight LGN already at 8 weeks of age and the disease became obvious at 13 weeks of age. On the other hand, glomerular change of MRL/lpr mice became apparent at 13 weeks. (b) Immunofluorescent studies to semiquantify degree of the deposition of immune complexes (IC) at glomeruli revealed that there were no difference in fluorescence intensities among BXSB mice at 8 and 13 weeks and 13-week-old MRL/lpr mice. (c) MRL/lpr mice had much higher level of serum IC than male BXSB mice at 13 weeks as assessed by fluid- and solid-phase C1q-binding assays. Both strains showed almost the same level of Raji cell-binding IC which might be related to glomerular depositing ones. (d) Spleen of 13-week-old MRL/lpr mice contained extraordinary number of IgG-producing cells in spleen as compared with 8-week-old mice or male BXSB mice at 8 or 13 weeks. There were no differences in IgM-producing cell numbers among the strains and ages of mice. These results indicate that MRL/lpr and male BXSB mice have different immunological backgrounds for the development of LGN. It was noticeable that male BXSB mice showed some degree of LGN already at 8 weeks of age, without apparent polyclonal B cell activation and enhanced serum level of IC, as compared with MRL/lpr mice of the same age. PMID- 3259632 TI - Inhibition of in vitro mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative responses by sera from F344 rats with large granular lymphocyte leukemia. AB - The effect of large granular lymphocyte leukemia on F344 rat lymphocytes was studied by analyzing the blastogenic responses of normal spleen cells exposed to serum from leukemic rats. Sera from both transplanted as well as spontaneous cases of LGL leukemia markedly depressed the response to ConA and PHA. The suppressive activity was heat-stable at 56 degrees C, non-dialyzable and was effective even when added to lymphocytes only during the last 24 hrs of culture. A similar depression of blastogenesis was caused by sera from nonleukemic fasted rats. Depletion of lipoproteins from sera partially relieved the suppression. Leukemic and fasted rats had nearly identical serum lipoprotein electrophoretic profiles, indicating that abnormal lipoprotein metabolism may result from the severe anorexia which characterizes the terminal stages of the disease and may cause immunosuppression. Residual suppressive activity was also found in lipoprotein depleted sera. Supernatant fluids from spleen cell cultures of some leukemic rats also depressed lymphocyte blastogenic responses when compared to supernatants from normal spleen cultures. PMID- 3259633 TI - Soft X-ray contact imaging of nucleolar chromatin using synchrotron radiation: a comparative scanning and transmission electron microscope study. AB - Contact images (CI) of dehydrated, nucleolar chromatin from amphibian oocytes have been produced by soft X-rays from a synchrotron radiation source. These CI have been compared with the morphology of the original chromatin as seen in scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The quality and informational content of the CI depend very much on certain preparative procedures. The following factors have a marked effect on image quality and need to be carefully controlled: the total X-ray dose, the time and nature of development and the distance of the specimen from the photoresist. The preparation of the chromatin itself, providing that it is critically point dried, is less important. By following a regime of high X-ray dose, sufficient for penetration of the rather thick chromatin rings, and gentle development so that fine detail is not dissolved from the resist surface, it has been possible to obtain images which closely resemble the original chromatin, although the detailed resolution of the CI is not as clear. The smallest biological structures clearly resolved in the CI are ribonucleoprotein granules, which vary in size from 200 to 800 nm. However, by further refinement of preparative conditions it should be possible to improve on the informational content of these images. PMID- 3259634 TI - Molecular substructure of a viral receptor-recognition protein. The gp17 tail fiber of bacteriophage T7. AB - The bacteriophage T7 tail complex consists of a conical tail-tube surrounded by six kinked tail-fibers, which are oligomers of the viral protein gp17 (Mr 61,400). We have derived a molecular model for the tail-fiber by integrating secondary structure predictions with ultrastructural information obtained by correlation averaging of electron micrographs of negatively stained tail complexes. This model has been further refined by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy of purified fibers, both negatively stained and unstained. Mass measurements made from the latter images establish that the fiber is a trimer of gp17. The proximal half-fiber is a uniform rod, about 2.0 nm in diameter and 16.4 nm long, which we infer to be a triple-stranded coiled-coil, containing three copies of an alpha-helical domain of about 117 residues, starting at Phe151. The distal half-fiber is 15.5 nm long, and is made up of four globules, 3.1 to 4.8 nm in diameter, in rigid linear array: it contains the carboxy-terminal halves (residues approximately 268 to 553) of the constituent gp17 chains, arranged with 3-fold symmetry around its long axis. The amino terminal domains (residues 1 to 149) link the fiber to the tail-tube. We conclude that the three gp17 chains are quasi-equivalent in the proximal half-fiber, equivalent in the distal half-fiber, and non-equivalent in the kink region that separates the two half-fibers: such localized non-equivalence may represent a general mechanism for the formation of kinked joints in segmented homo-oligomeric proteins. PMID- 3259636 TI - Aerosolized pentamidine promising in Pneumocystis therapy, prophylaxis. PMID- 3259635 TI - Correlation of secondary cytogenetic abnormalities with histologic appearance in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas bearing t(14;18)(q32;q21). AB - Successful cytogenetic studies were performed on 69 biopsies from 64 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma bearing a t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation. This translocation appears to be a primary abnormality associated with the development of certain B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. We correlated the occurrence of secondary abnormalities, in addition to the t(14;18)(q32;q21), with histologic subtype to test the hypothesis that secondary abnormalities correlate with more aggressive histologic appearance. A large number of secondary abnormalities were identified, the most frequent being additional copies of chromosomes 7 (30%), 12 (22%), 18 (22%), 20 (16%), or 21 (14%), deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 6 (17%), and either an additional chromosome 17 or an isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome 17 (13%). An extra chromosome 7 was highly associated with a diffuse histologic pattern; it was present in 52% of patients with a diffuse pattern and in only 15% of those with a follicular pattern (P = .002). A weaker association with a diffuse growth pattern was found for the addition of chromosome 17 or an i(17q); it was found in 24% of patients with a diffuse pattern and only 5% of those with a follicular pattern (P = .05). No other significant correlations between secondary chromosome abnormalities and histologic subtype were identified. Although the explanation for this association is not clear, it appears that patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas bearing the t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation which also have an additional chromosome 7 are likely to exhibit a diffuse growth pattern. PMID- 3259638 TI - [Propofol for induction of general anesthesia]. PMID- 3259639 TI - [A case of long-standing phantom limb pain: complete relief of pain]. PMID- 3259637 TI - Vaccine policy likely to be reassessed in 1990s when polio-DTP combination becomes available. PMID- 3259640 TI - [Study on the function of Kupffer cell in liver cirrhosis by combination with planar dynamic scintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography]. PMID- 3259641 TI - [Evaluation of diffuse hepatic disease by both integrated radionuclide imaging and SPECT liver imaging]. PMID- 3259642 TI - [Clinical evaluation of technetium-99m labeled red blood cell scan in the detection of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3259643 TI - [99mTc-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime cerebral perfusion SPECT in patients with cerebrovascular disease]. PMID- 3259644 TI - [A trial of pulmonary scintigraphy using I-123 IMP with a property of high lung uptake]. PMID- 3259645 TI - [Pulmonary veno-arterial alpha 1 protease inhibitor differences in patients with chronic lung disease]. PMID- 3259646 TI - Structure and function of platelet glycoprotein Ib: study of the functional domain of glycoprotein Ib for von Willebrand factor binding using granulocyte elastase-like proteinase. PMID- 3259647 TI - [Analysis of delayed type hypersensitivity reaction of the experimental granulomatous lung--changes in Ia-positive alveolar macrophages and T-cells subsets]. PMID- 3259648 TI - [Short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis in children and the partial follow-up study]. PMID- 3259649 TI - [The mechanism of the development of atrial tachyarrhythmia after stimulation of the vagus nerve]. AB - Multielectrode mapping of stimulus propagation was used to investigate arrhythmias, developing in atrial preparations of frogs after vagal stimulation. Vagal stimulation produced attacks of tachycardia (one to several dozens extra excitations) in 10 of 16 specimens. In such cases, mapping demonstrated re-entry of the excitation wave that appeared where the front of the next excitation wave from the sinus went along the border of temporarily-unexcitable area during the recovery of excitability in vagus-inhibited atrial areas. The emergence of re entry was possible, because the excitation wave length (lambda), was shortened owing to reduced refraction and speed of conduction under vagal effect. After myocardial tissue got rid of vagal influence, lambda increased, after which re entry was no longer possible, and arrhythmia discontinued. PMID- 3259650 TI - [Surgical treatment of intestinal hemorrhage caused by abdominal typhus]. PMID- 3259651 TI - [Treatment of acute anastomositis using direct (galvanic) current]. PMID- 3259652 TI - [Color vision in cataract, aphakia and pseudophakia]. AB - Color vision examinations were performed using a clinical test battery and two spectral laboratory methods. With aphakia and iris-clip lenses (ICL) there were slight acquired blue-yellow defects six months to three years after surgery, especially when the more sensitive laboratory methods were used. They were possibly caused by photochemical damage to the retina or by a barrier deprivation syndrome. Color vision with posterior chamber lenses (PCL) was superior to that with ICL, and in aphakic subjects it was quite normal. In the clinical tests no differences could be found between PCLs of clear PMMA material and those with UV absorbing properties. Slight acquired blue-yellow defects in the immediate postoperative phase after implantation of PCLs can be attributed to postoperative irritation and are reversible. Lasting and severe blue-yellow defects indicate inflammation or macular edema. PMID- 3259653 TI - [New findings in Oguchi disease]. AB - The authors report on clinical and electrophysiological studies of a patient with Type I Oguchi's disease. Numerous small pigmentations of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) causing focal disruption of the Oguchi reflex were observed, a phenomenon which has not previously been reported. Consistent with reports of pathologic changes in the RPE, an abnormal electro-oculogram (EOG) was recorded in this patient. On the basis of this information, the pigmentations were interpreted as dysplastic changes. PMID- 3259654 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in chimpanzees. PMID- 3259656 TI - The Lillehei-Kaster aortic valve prosthesis. Long-term results in 273 patients with 1253 patient-years of follow-up. AB - The Lillehei-Kaster aortic valve prosthesis was inserted in 313 patients between August 1975 and December 1984. Aortic valve replacement alone was done in 193 patients. Additional procedures included coronary artery bypass grafting in 62 patients, mitral valve replacement in 22, mitral valvuloplasty in 8, and miscellaneous procedures in 28. The 273 patients discharged from the hospital are the basis of this report. They have been followed up for 1253 patient-years. The range of follow-up is 1 to 11 years, and the mean is 4.6 years. The 5-year survival rate for all patients was 68%, whereas for aortic valve replacement alone it was 76%. The incidences of embolism, thrombosis, bleeding, periprosthetic leak, valve infection, and reoperation per 100 patient-years were 1.5, 0.2, 2.0, 0.8, 0.7, and 1.3, respectively. The 5-year rates of freedom from embolism, thrombosis, bleeding, periprosthetic leak, valve infection, reoperation, and any valve-related complication were 94%, 99%, 91%, 96%, 97%, 94%, and 76%, respectively. Four of 16 patients who required reoperation had a properly functioning valve whose effective orifice area was too small for the cardiac output. Each of these valves was of the smaller size. There were no instances of mechanical valve failure. The Lillehei-Kaster aortic valve prosthesis is an excellent aortic valve substitute in the larger sizes. It has an extraordinary record for mechanical durability and an excellent resistance to thromboembolism in patients receiving proper anticoagulation. The incidence of perivalvular leak and infection is similar to that of other prosthetic valves. However, it is not to be recommended in the smaller sizes because of an unfavorable ratio of effective orifice area to tissue diameter. PMID- 3259655 TI - Ethnopharmacology of Calotropis procera flowers. AB - An ethanolic extract of the flowers of Calotropis procera was investigated for anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and antimicrobial activities. The plant extract reduced the paw swelling induced by carrageenan by 37%, fever in rats by 40% and showed some weak effect in rats on the writhing induced by acetic acid. The growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was significantly inhibited. A dose-dependent effect on prostaglandin release was also observed. PMID- 3259657 TI - Treatment of moderate mitral regurgitation and coronary disease by coronary bypass alone. AB - We have favored treatment of moderate mitral regurgitation and coronary disease with coronary bypass alone because of the high operative mortality of combined mitral valve replacement and coronary bypass. Between 1977 and 1983, coronary bypass alone was performed on 58 patients (mean age 63 +/- 8 years). Preoperatively, 90% had Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III or IV angina, and 10% had class III or IV congestive heart failure. In 72% mitral regurgitation had been caused by coronary disease. Hospital mortality was 3.4% (2/58). At follow-up (100% complete, mean 4.3 years) 66% of survivors were functional classes I and II (compared with 7% preoperatively, p less than 0.0001). Of those patients who worked preoperatively, 84% returned to work. There were no reoperations. The 5-year survival was 77%. In the same period combined mitral valve replacement and coronary bypass was required in 20 unmatched patients with moderate mitral regurgitation and coronary disease. Indications for valve replacement included congestive heart failure (10 cases), high left atrial pressure (three cases), and mitral stenosis (four cases). In these patients with more advanced symptoms the hospital mortality was 25%, and the 5-year survival was 31%. Treatment of moderate mitral regurgitation and coronary disease by coronary bypass alone achieved excellent hospital survival and long-term functional stability without a subsequent valve operation. PMID- 3259658 TI - Enhancement of in-vitro granulopoiesis and induction of differentiation of M1 cells by a glucocorticoid-dependent factor produced from P388D1 cells. AB - P388D1 cells, a macrophage (M luminal diameter) cell line, cultured after stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), produced a glucocorticoid (GC)-dependent hemopoietic activity. The activity, when coexistent with hydrocortisone (HCS), increased the number of granulocyte (Gr) colonies 2-3 times more than that formed by CSF alone. HCS scarcely increased the number of Gr colonies stimulated with CSF. We designated this activity as GC-dependent myelopotentiator (GDMP). GDMP activity was partially purified by FPLC using Superose 12 and Mono Q columns. The molecular weight of GDMP was calculated as about 55 kD. GDMP activity was distinct from CSF and interleukin 1 (IL 1) found in the culture supernatant. GDMP was associated with the activity inducing differentiation of myeloleukemic M1 cells in the presence of HCS. The activity inducing differentiation of M1 cells and GDMP activity were absorbed with M1 cells preincubated with HCS, but not by the cells preincubated with medium alone. Thus, HCS may have induced GDMP receptor on M1 cells and the M1 cells were differentiated by GDMP. These results suggest that both normal Gr precursor cells and myeloid leukemic cells are differentiated by GDMP and HCS by the same mechanism. PMID- 3259659 TI - Bcl-1 gene rearrangements in B cell lymphoma. AB - We analyzed 50 B cell lymphoma samples by Southern blot analysis, using the bcl-1 and heavy chain immunoglobulin (JH) probes with two or more restriction endonucleases. All samples showed JH rearrangement, and three samples (two diffuse small lymphocytic lymphomas and one diffuse large cell lymphoma probably transformed from a diffuse small lymphocytic lymphoma) demonstrated rearranged bcl-1 sequences. The three samples showed the t(11;14)(q13;q32) chromosome translocation, and all three contained rearranged JH fragments that comigrated with the rearranged bcl-1 fragment. The breakpoint of the translocation occurred within a 1.6-kb region on chromosome 11 in the three cases. Two of the three patients had primary refractory disease. Two of the three patients had gastrointestinal involvement. Bcl-1 rearrangement may identify an unusual subset of patients with primary refractory disease with gastrointestinal involvement. It may also describe a unique subset of large cell lymphoma patients transformed from diffuse small cell histology. PMID- 3259661 TI - The relationship of circulating IgA to cellular immunity in head and neck cancer patients. AB - The relationship of circulating IgA titers and multiple parameters of cell mediated immunity was examined in 97 patients with head and neck cancer. In 26% of the patients, IgA titers were above one standard deviation of controls, with highest levels noted in patients with advanced disease. In 40 patients for whom multiple immune parameters were tested in vitro, increasing concentrations of IgA were associated with an enhanced immunologic helper state defined by a generalized hypergammaglobulinemia, increased percentage of T4+ lymphocytes, higher T4/T8 ratio, and an increased lymphocyte blastogenesis response to mitogens. IgA concentrations were inversely related to percentages and absolute number of Leu 11+ natural killer cell subsets, and also to disease-free survival (p less than 0.005 by Cox proportional hazards model). The immune correlations identified here are similar to those noted in many autoimmune diseases. Head and neck cancer patients are an immunologically heterogeneous population, among whom elevated IgA blood levels may reflect the autoimmune nature of cancer, an immunologic state defined by its tumor-promoting capacity. PMID- 3259660 TI - Effects of clinical combinations of antileukemic drugs on DNA ligase from human thymocytes and normal, stimulated, or leukemic lymphocytes. AB - Human DNA ligase was purified from different kinds of immunocompetent cells: thymocytes, normal and stimulated lymphocytes, blasts from ALL (Burkitt and non T, non-B) and ANLL (M1, M2, and M5). Based upon the protocol for the treatment of these leukemias, the purified enzymes were assayed in the presence of routinely used combinations of antileukemic drugs. At the range of concentration tested (between 0.1 and 5 microM) some drugs taken separately were totally inactive on the enzyme from the different sources. For those being inhibitory, when used in combination their effect was always different from what was observed when the compound was tested alone. Some combinations were more effective in inhibiting the enzyme from leukemic than from normal cells (vincristine + cyclophosphamide + prednisone in ALL and rubidazone + Ara-C, Ara-C + m-AMSA, in ANLL). However, some combinations of drugs are without effect on ligase from leukemic cells at this dose range (vincristine + rubidazone + Ara-C + prednisone and adriamycin + asparaginase + Ara-C in ALL or etoposide + Ara-C, adriamycin + cyclophosphamide in ANLL). This is the first direct observation of the effect of cytostatic drugs on DNA ligase, a key enzyme of the DNA replication and repair process. The clinical consequences of these observations are discussed in an attempt to selectively inhibit replication, thereby division, of cancer cells. PMID- 3259662 TI - [Detection of tissue antibodies and long-term prognosis in liver diseases--a catamnestic matched-pair study]. AB - Of 1270 consecutive patients with liver diseases of various types we have examined the blood serum on autoimmune antibodies against cell nuclei (ANA), smooth muscle (SMA) and vascular endothelium. 98 patients (7.7%) had antibodies of one of the above. These patients were matched with patients with the same liver diagnosis without antibodies following the matched pair technique. 3-5 years later both were examined by the family doctor. It remained a collection of 58 pairs. The examined criteria were compared pair by pair. We conclude the existence of autoimmune antibodies from type ANA, SMA or vascular endothelium is without prognostic prediction. The outcome of chronic active hepatitis was in majority benign, but the outcome of alcohol-toxic hepatitis was bad, because the people were unable to stop the alcoholism. PMID- 3259664 TI - Rapid clinical evaluation of sensory integrative therapy for self-injurious behavior. PMID- 3259665 TI - Flow-injection analysis for automated determination of beta-lactams using immobilized enzyme reactors with thermistor or ultraviolet spectrophotometric detection. PMID- 3259666 TI - Solid-phase optoelectronic biosensors. PMID- 3259663 TI - Strain differences in systemic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity in mice correlate best with monoamine oxidase activity at the blood brain barrier. AB - We measured monoamine oxidase activity in the cerebral cortex, striatum and brain microvessels of two mouse strains that differ in their susceptibility to systemic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxicity using specific pargyline binding and the rate of MPTP oxidation in vitro. We correlated these measurements with the results of in vivo experiments on: (i) the effect of MPTP on the striatal content of dopamine and its metabolites, and (ii) the regional brain accumulation of MPTP and its metabolites after systemic administration of tritiated MPTP. Results of the in vivo experiments do not correlate well with monoamine oxidase activity in the cerebral cortex and striatum, but correlate well with the inverse of monoamine oxidase activity in brain microvessels from the two strains of mice. These results support our hypothesis that monoamine oxidase activity in brain microvessels have an important role, as part of the "biochemical" blood-brain barrier, in obstructing MPTP entry into the brain. PMID- 3259667 TI - Multienzyme membrane electrodes. PMID- 3259668 TI - Identification of B-L antigens on reticular epithelial cells of the bursa of Fabricius. AB - We have established two monoclonal antibodies against B-L antigens (chicken Ia like antigens). The specificity of the antibodies for B-L antigens was determined by two criteria, the cellular expression and the molecular structure of antigens with which they reacted. They reacted with antigens expressed on bursacytes, Con A-blast thymocytes, macrophages, and MDCC MSB1, but not with thymocytes and erythrocytes. In molecular basis, they recognized 64,000 dalton glycoprotein consisting of two polypeptides, 35,000 and 32,000 dalton, which bound non covalently. To investigate the distribution of B-L antigens on non-lymphoid cells of the bursa of Fabricius, which were thought to play important roles in the differentiation of B cells, anti-B-L antigen and anti-chicken immunoglobulin (Ig) monoclonal antibodies were used. B-L antigen-positive cells were detected in both cortical and medullary areas, whereas Ig-positive lymphoid cells were confined to the medullary areas of normal chicken bursal follicles. In the bursal follicles of cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated chickens, lymphoid cells were depleted but epithelial cells remained intact. And B-L antigen-positive but Ig-negative cells were easily detected in the medullary areas of almost all follicles. These cells were identified to be reticular epithelial cells (REp cells) from the result of their keratin expression. PMID- 3259670 TI - Successful trial of antithymocyte globulin therapy in amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 3259669 TI - Acute hepatitis and Brucella melitensis infection: clinicopathological findings. AB - The clinical and pathological findings in a patient who had acute hepatitis caused by Brucella melitensis are described. Antibiotic therapy induced a good clinical and biochemical response, although a relapse occurred. Brucellosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin, particularly if associated hepatic involvement is present. A careful occupational and travel history is essential. PMID- 3259672 TI - Enhancement of the binding of C1q to immune complexes by polyethylene glycol. AB - The binding of 125I-labelled human C1q to insoluble rabbit IgG:ovalbumin immune complexes was enhanced by polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mr 8 x 10(3)) in the concn range 0-2.5% (w/v). C1q with native immunoglobulin bindings sites rendered inactive by diethylpyrocarbonate treatment did not bind to immune complexes in the presence of PEG. The ionic strength dependence of the binding was independent of the presence of PEG. There was a linear relationship between the logarithm of the apparent affinity constant of the C1q:immune complex interaction and PEG concn. PMID- 3259671 TI - Quality of antibodies secreted by clones in microcultures from B cells enriched on haptenated gelatin: isotypes and avidities. AB - Populations of murine B cells enriched for fluorescein (FLU)- or phosphocholine (PC)-binding cells stimulated with LPS, or FLU- or PC-LPS at low density in 10 microliter cultures form clones of cells that secrete antibodies. Antibody isotypes were determined by radioimmunoassay and their avidities were determined relative to standard, monoclonal antibodies by hapten inhibition using a radioimmunoassay. These analyses further characterize the development of B cell clones in microcultures and reveal that differing culturing conditions stimulate qualitatively different B cell populations to divide and differentiate. Without filler cells, isotype switching is rare. Co-culturing B cells with 10(5) (CBA/N x BALB/c) F1 male thymocyte filler cells leads to IgG and/or IgA antibody secretion by 15-20% of cultures; antibodies from clones that switch isotypes are exclusively of high avidity. IgM is almost always present as one clonal product; pre-switched cells rarely score in microcultures. Without filler cells, a high percentage of antibodies from FLU-LPS stimulated, FLU-binding cells are of high avidity (60%). However, clonotypes of lower avidity dominate with mitogenic culture conditions, 100 micrograms/ml LPS or with thymocytes. PC-binding cells are less sensitive to these mitogenic effects. Antibodies produced by PC-specific clones have a more restricted pattern of avidities and resemble in quality anti PC antibodies produced in vivo. PMID- 3259673 TI - [Acute recurrent pancreatitis as the main symptom of lupus erythematosus disseminatus in childhood]. AB - A 17 year old girl with chronic relapsing pancreatitis since the age of 11 developed focal seizures, leukopenia, anemia and thrombozytopenia, signs suggesting lupus erythematodes. All immunologic investigations, including tests for Anti-DNS-Antibodies were negative, however. Therapy with prednisone and azathioprine resulted in clinical remission. Reduction of the immunosuppression lead to a severe crisis, which was controlled by plasmaseparation and cyclophosphamide. Subsequent analysis of circulating immune complexes revealed bound anti-DNS-antibodies. PMID- 3259675 TI - Lymphoma in an HIV-positive man after disappearance of a paraprotein. PMID- 3259674 TI - Hypothyroidism after treatment with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - The development of a goiter and hypothyroidism in a 28-year-old man in whom metastatic melanoma had been treated with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK cells) prompted us to assess thyroid function in patients undergoing this therapy. Thirty-four patients with advanced neoplasms who had received interleukin-2 and LAK cells were followed for at least four weeks after treatment. Seven patients (21 percent) had laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism, with a decline in the serum thyroxine concentration to below normal (less than or equal to 35 nmol per liter; normal, 65 to 148), a decline in the serum free thyroxine index, and a rise in the serum thyrotropin concentration (peak values, 7.2 to 166 mU per liter; normal, 0.5 to 5.5) 6 to 11 weeks after treatment. Two patients had elevated serum thyrotropin levels before treatment, which increased further after treatment. In two patients, these abnormal values returned to normal within 10 months. All five symptomatic patients had borderline or elevated serum antimicrosomal antibody titers after treatment; two had serum antibodies to thyroglobulin. Five of the seven patients with hypothyroidism (71 percent) but only 5 of the 27 euthyroid patients (19 percent) had evidence of tumor regression (P less than 0.02). None of 11 patients treated with interleukin-2 but not LAK cells had hypothyroidism. We conclude that treatment with interleukin-2 and LAK cells can cause hypothyroidism, possibly by exacerbating preexisting autoimmune thyroiditis, and that it may be associated with a favorable tumor response. PMID- 3259676 TI - All zipped up. PMID- 3259678 TI - [Can epidural spinal electric stimulation prevent leg amputation?]. PMID- 3259677 TI - Stimulation of B-cell progenitors by cloned murine interleukin-7. AB - The events involved in the commitment and development of lymphoid lineage cells are poorly understood. We have used a recently described long-term culture system to establish a bioassay that can detect a novel growth factor capable of stimulating the proliferation of lymphoid progenitors. Using direct expression in mammalian cells we have isolated a complementary DNA clone encoding this novel haematopoietic growth factor, designated interleukin-7. PMID- 3259679 TI - [The effects of luggage straps and other tight material on the eye]. PMID- 3259680 TI - A comparative study of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP), CA 125 and acute phase proteins as parameters for ovarian cancer monitoring. AB - The serum concentrations of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP), CA 125, alpha 1-antitrypsin (AL-1-AT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and ceruloplasmin (COP) were determined in 63 patients with ovarian carcinoma (mean age 56.9 +/- 11.1 years). The threshold value of IAP was 640 micrograms/ml (means + 2SD), of CA 125 35 U/ml, of AL-1-AT 4 mg/ml, of CRP 12 micrograms/ml, and of COP 600 ng/ml. Eighty three analyses of the patients with ovarian cancer coincided with tumor progression and 124 samples with remission. In women with progressive ovarian carcinoma the median IAP serum concentrations (799.3 +/- 292 micrograms/ml) were significantly increased as compared to the values of the healthy control group (48 volunteers, mean age 37.8 +/- 13.8 years; IAP 452.0 +/- 146.0 micrograms/ml). The median serum concentrations of IAP (799.3 +/- 292.2 micrograms/ml), CA 125 (933.8 +/- 1442.1 U/ml). AL-1-AT (3.8 +/- 8.7 mg/ml), CRP (31 +/- 39 micrograms/ml) were significantly elevated with progression as compared to remission (IAP 511.8 +/- 111.9 micrograms/ml, CA 125 18.4 +/- 14.4 U/ml, AL-1-AT 2.8 +/- 4.1 mg/ml, CRP 13 +/- 11 micrograms/ml). This was not the case with COP (509 +/- 761 vs. 466 +/- 106 ng/ml). A correlation between increased serum values and confirmed tumor progression was encountered in 65.1% of the patients for IAP, in 80.7% for CA 125 and in 34.9% for CRP and AL-1-AT. 98.8% false negative serum values were found for COP. Seven out of 16 and 4 out of 16 CA 125 negative samples showed right positive IAP and right positive CRP and AL-1-AT values, respectively. 88.7% of the IAP values, 92.7% of the CA 125 values, 71% of the AL 1-AT values, 93.5% of the CRP and 100% of the COP values were right negative. Our results indicate that the simultaneous determination of CA 125 and IAP enhance the efficiency of tumor monitoring in patients with ovarian cancer. PMID- 3259681 TI - Role of levamisole immunotherapy as an adjuvant to radiotherapy in oral cancer. II. Lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - The effect of radiotherapy and adjuvant levamisole immunotherapy on the lymphocyte subpopulations was investigated. Comparisons were made between the groups receiving levamisole, those receiving placebo and normal healthy controls. Results of a thirty-month follow-up are reported. Radiotherapy caused leukopenia and lymphopenia affecting all the subsets (T, B, TG, and TM), T lymphocytes were affected to a greater extent. This study demonstrates that levamisole does hasten the restoration of T lymphocytes, with the TM lymphocytes showing a faster repopulation in comparison to the TG lymphocytes. PMID- 3259682 TI - Detailed analysis of intraoperative changes monitoring brain stem acoustic evoked potentials. AB - A series of 31 neurosurgical procedures in the posterior fossa monitored intraoperatively with ipsilateral brain stem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEPs) is analyzed for intraoperative potential changes. The evaluation of patients included pre- and postoperative BAEP recordings and pure tone audiometry. The series included 25 tumors, 4 neurovascular decompressions, 1 basilar artery aneurysm, and 1 arteriovenous malformation. Two intraoperative findings correlated significantly with a postoperative decrease in hearing: an amplitude reduction of more than 50% for Waves I to V and the loss of one of the waves, even if it was a wave that first appeared intraoperatively. We could attribute no significance to reversible or irreversible latency increases for all waves. The transient loss of one of the peaks followed by its reappearance was also insignificant with regard to postoperative hearing. A good prognostic sign was the intraoperative appearance of a peak undetectable on the preoperative recordings. These findings suggest that in intraoperative BAEP monitoring the observation of amplitude reduction is more important than that of latency increases. The surgeon should be informed when an amplitude reduction of more than 50% occurs before the peak is lost totally, as it is impossible to predict whether this peak will reappear intraoperatively. PMID- 3259684 TI - Parental perception and management of school-age children's fevers. AB - Fever is a major childhood complaint. Parents have numerous means at their disposal to assess and manage childhood fevers. Previous studies of parents of infants and preschoolers have uncovered parental fears and misconceptions surrounding fever ("fever phobia"). A study of 84 parents of otherwise well school-age children revealed that these misconceptions remain, regardless of the child's age or parental level of education. The nurse practitioner must understand both parental fears and the body-temperature dynamics of children to successfully access and manage fever in the school-age child. PMID- 3259683 TI - Cervical spinal cord stimulation for spasticity in cerebral palsy. AB - A prospective double-blind study of high cervical spinal cord stimulation conducted in eight moderately disabled, spastic, cerebral palsied children failed to demonstrate any significant improvement over base line function during chronic spinal cord stimulation at either optimal stimulation parameters or random placebo parameters. Chronic stimulation included 4 consecutive months of stimulation for 24 hours each day. Stimulators were randomly programmed at optimal parameters for 2 of the 4 months and at placebo parameters for the remaining 2 months. At the end of each month of chronic stimulation, subjects were assessed with a multidisciplinary test battery that included a self assessment, specific clinical examinations, tests of gross and fine motor control, neuropsychological and neurophysiological tests, a detailed gait analysis, and video recordings. By 6 months after the completion of the study, only 1 of the 8 subjects continued to use his stimulator on a regular basis, with minimal benefit. PMID- 3259685 TI - Maturation of inner ear ganglion cells. Morphometric analyses of cross-sectional areas. AB - Morphometric analyses of the cross-sectional areas were performed on spiral ganglion and vestibular gaglion cells in the CBA/CBA mouse from the 16th gestational day up to the age of 1 month. Vestibular ganglion cells undergo a period of rapid growth between the 4th and 12th postnatal day. Spiral ganglion cells revealed a rapid increase in cross-sectional area during the latter part of the 2nd postnatal week. Increases in cell volume could not be correlated to changes in individual morphological or electrophysiological events, but probably reflect adaptation to function. In 1-month-old animals, the cross-sectional area of both vestibular and spiral ganglion cells had decreased as compared with the 2nd postnatal week. PMID- 3259686 TI - Influence of different static head-body positions on spinal lumbar interneurons in man: the role of the vestibular system. AB - The present experiments were made in man with the aim of studying the possible influences of different head-body tilts on the activity of the interneurons Ia, Ib and the Renshaw cells functionally coupled to the soleus alpha-motoneurons. Subjects were seated on a chair, rotable with respect to the vertical axis, and were studied at 80 degrees and 40 degrees to the horizontal. The excitability of the soleus alpha-motoneurons slightly decreased when the body was placed at 40 degrees of backward inclination whereas the Renshaw cell activity showed a reinforcement of inhibition on the same motoneurons. The reciprocal inhibition from the anterior tibial to the soleus muscle increased at 40 degrees of backward inclination with respect to the control values at 80 degrees. Finally, short latency homonymous facilitation and inhibition showed no significant change in relation to body position. The results indicate that different head-body positions are able to modify the bias of spinal interneurons in man. We discuss the hypothetical role of the vestibular system in producing the effects seen. PMID- 3259687 TI - [Surgical treatment of angina pectoris]. PMID- 3259688 TI - T-cell-dependent eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid of the mouse infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. AB - Eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in permissive (rats) and non permissive (mice) hosts infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and the possible mechanism of the eosinophilia were studied. In three strains of thymic mice (ICR, ddY and BALB/c), the infection provoked a marked CSF eosinophilia starting at around day 12, reaching a peak level at day 20 and maintaining significantly high levels until day 35. In contrast, in athymic nude mice of BALB/c strain the infection failed to evoke this eosinophilia, suggesting T-cell dependence of murine CSF eosinophilia. Humoral antibodies did not correlate with the induction of eosinophilia. A time-course study of worm recovery in the mouse brains indicated a gradual but consistent reduction in worm burden in accordance with the rapid rise in CSF eosinophil levels. Bone marrow eosinophilia occurred in mice at day 5, which preceded CSF eosinophilia. Jirds, a permissive but less susceptible host, developed a CSF eosinophilia with a peak level at day 17, but which declined rapidly following the peak. Permissive rat hosts developed significant peripheral and bone marrow eosinophilia at day 35 but their CSF eosinophilia was markedly less prominent than that of mice and jirds. These data clearly indicate that there are distinct differences in the mechanism of eosinophilia and eosinophilia-inducing factors between permissive and non permissive hosts. PMID- 3259689 TI - B prolymphocytic leukemia cell lines: phenotype and response to B cell differentiation factor. AB - Three recently-derived cell lines of prolymphocytic leukemia origin were studied. The phenotype of the cells, analysed in terms of expression of immunoglobulin and other B cell maturation markers, indicates that the cells are mature B lymphocytes close to the plasma cell stage of differentiation. All three cell lines secrete IgM, and two of the three lines respond to B cell differentiation factor with an increased secretion of IgM. PMID- 3259690 TI - von Willebrand's disease characterized by increased ristocetin sensitivity and the presence of all von Willebrand factor multimers in plasma: a new subtype. AB - The clinical and laboratory features of a patient with a recently recognized new variant of von Willebrand's disease are presented. The importance of this variant is that it is associated with a clinically significant bleeding diathesis but with a normal skin bleeding time, PTTK, factor VIIIc and platelet aggregation with 1 mg/ml ristocetin. The distinctive laboratory features are increased platelet sensitivity to low concentrations of ristocetin, and the presence of all plasma von Willebrand factor multimers, but in reduced amounts. The need for thorough investigation of patients with significant bleeding history despite apparently normal screening tests is emphasized. PMID- 3259691 TI - T-prolymphocytic leukemia with circulating carrot-like cells. AB - A case of T-prolymphocytic leukemia leading to rapid demise of a 67-year-old man is reported. He presented with multiple skin lesions and splenomegaly. A unique feature was that a proportion of circulating leukemic cells assumed bizarre shapes, resembling carrots. The leukemic cells expressed the T-cell markers T11, T8 and Dako-T2, and the natural killer cell markers NKH1, Leu7 and Leu 11b. PMID- 3259692 TI - Prevalence and significance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Recent reports indicate that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may be emerging as a significant pediatric nosocomial pathogen. Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease are subject to many of the risk factors for MRSA colonization and/or infection. We retrospectively investigated the prevalence and significance of MRSA from sputum and throat cultures in 452 patients with CF followed during 1986. No MRSA had been isolated during 1984 or 1985. Although S. aureus was isolated from 212 patients (47%) in 1986, only 14 (3%) showed MRSA. The MRSA strains had 11 different antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Neither age, clinical condition, nor recent prior hospitalization correlated with MRSA acquisition. Acquisition did not appear to directly affect the course of the pulmonary disease in these patients even though no patient received any treatment for their MRSA. The prevalence of MRSA is low, although patients with CF are subject to many risk factors. MRSA appears to be mainly community-acquired and to represent colonization rather than infection. However, the potential for nosocomial MRSA infection is present, and vigilance is required in monitoring any changes in frequency of isolation or infection with these organisms. PMID- 3259693 TI - Heterogeneity of plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide: partial characterisation of immunoreactive forms. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in plasma is heterogeneous and derived from both neural tissues and from the thyroid gland in the rat. CGRP is widely distributed in neural and cardiovascular tissues, and also in the thyroid gland in rat. We have previously shown that the main source of circulatory CGRP is the perivascular nerves. The present study shows that, in addition to the neural tissues, the thyroid gland may also contribute to the circulating pool of immunoreactive-CGRP. PMID- 3259694 TI - Relative dopamine D1 and D2 receptor affinity and efficacy determine whether dopamine agonists induce hyperactivity or oral stereotypy in rats. AB - The effects of a range of dopamine (DA) agonists on stereotyped behaviour in rats were analysed and compared both with the affinity of the compounds for D1 and D2 receptor binding sites in vitro and their ability to stimulate the adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatal homogenates. Full and partial agonists at the D1 receptor coupled to adenylate cyclase do not induce sterotypies when given alone, whereas full D2 agonists (e.g. quinpirole) induce hyperactivity but not oral sterotypies. Partial D2 agonists (e.g. (-)-3-PPP) only induce sedation. Mixed D1/D2 agonists (e.g. apomorphine) induce both hyperactivity and oral stereotypies. Maximum stereotypies were induced by combination of SK & F 38393 and a series of D2 agonists, including full agonists and the partial D2 agonist B HT 920, whereas partial agonists with low intrinsic activity (e.g. (-)-3-PPP, EMD 23448) did not induce stereotypies when given together with SK & F 38393. However, these partial agonists reduced the maximum effect of apomorphine, whereas the full agonists (e.g. quinpirole, (-)-NPA) and B-HT 920 had no apomorphine antagonistic activity. The mixed D1/D2 agonists apomorphine and N,N dipropyl-5,6-ADTN were only weakly influenced by SK & F 38393, or not at all. D1 agonists with central effects, including SK & F 38393, SK & F 81297 (with relatively high efficacies), and the partial agonist SK & F 75670 with low efficacy, changed the hyperactivity induced by quinpirole into maximum oral stereotypy, whereas the peripheral D1 agonist fenoldopam had no such effect. Inhibition of DA and NA synthesis with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine depleted striatal DA levels by 72 per cent and antagonized the hyperactivity induced by the D2 agonists quinpirole and (-)-NPA, but not that of apomorphine. Combination of SK & F 38393 and quinpirole induced maximum stereotypy in DA-depleted animals. These results suggest that D1 receptor tonus is a necessary prerequisite for the expression of a DA agonist's effect. The hyperactivity induced by full D2 agonists appears to be mediated by D1 tonus provided by endogenous DA activity, but stronger D1 stimulation is necessary to induce oral stereotypy. A high degree of D1 receptor activation increases the ability of partial D2 agonists to induce hyperactivity or oral stereotypies since treatment with both SK & F 38393 and B HT 920 had marked effects while B-HT 920 was ineffective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3259695 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 3259696 TI - [Changes in hormone levels in intrathoracic tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 3259699 TI - Epidermal growth factor. PMID- 3259697 TI - Insulin-like growth factor II stimulates production of inositol trisphosphate in proximal tubular basolateral membranes from canine kidney. AB - To determine whether insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) activates phospholipase C in the basolateral membrane of the renal proximal tubular cell, we incubated basolateral membranes isolated from canine kidney with rat IGF-II (rIGF-II) and measured levels of inositol trisphosphate (Ins-P3) in suspensions and of diacylglycerol extractable from the membranes. Incubation with rIGF-II increased levels of Ins-P3 and diacylglycerol in a concentration-dependent manner. Significant enhancement of Ins-P3 levels and extractable diacylglycerol occurred in suspensions incubated with as little as 10(-10) M rIGF-II. Elevated levels of Ins-P3 were measured after as little as 5 sec of incubation. Increases were no longer detectable after 45 sec of incubation, due to dephosphorylation of Ins-P3 in membrane suspensions. Incubation with either insulin or insulin-like growth factor I did not affect the level of Ins-P3. IGF-II-stimulated increases in Ins-P3 did not occur when basolateral membranes were suspended in the absence of free calcium. Increases were demonstrable in basolateral membrane suspensions in 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 microM calcium, but not in 1.0 microM calcium. Inclusion of guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate in incubation mixtures did not increase levels of Ins-P3, nor did it enhance the action of rIGF-II in this regard. However, inclusion of guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate inhibited rIGF-II stimulation of Ins-P3 production. In contrast to findings with basolateral membrane suspensions, incubation with rIGF-II did not increase levels of Ins-P3 in suspensions of isolated brush-border membranes. Our data are consistent with IGF-II-mediated activation of phospholipase C in isolated proximal tubular basolateral membranes. Such an action could reflect the mechanism by which the IGF-II "signal" is transmitted across the basolateral membrane of the renal proximal tubular cell and by which the actions of this peptide are mediated in renal and non-renal cells. PMID- 3259698 TI - Rapid development of functional tolerance to caffeine-induced seizures in rats. AB - The concentration and time dependence of caffeine-induced neurotoxicity was determined by infusing rats intravenously with caffeine at a rate of about 5, 12.5, and 25 mg kg-1 min-1 until the onset of generalized seizures which occurred at about 82, 28, and 11 min, respectively. The concentration of caffeine in the serum, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid at onset of seizures increased with decreasing infusion rate; the concentrations of caffeine metabolites were negligible and serum protein binding was not affected by the infusion rate. In another experiment, one group of rats was infused with caffeine for 60 min at about 2.2 mg kg-1 min-1 whereas another group was infused with solvent only. Both groups were then immediately infused with caffeine at about 22 mg kg-1 min-1 until onset of seizures. Caffeine concentrations at that time in serum, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid were significantly higher in the caffeine-pretreated animals than in the solvent-pretreated controls. The same pretreatment 17 hr before the fast infusion of caffeine had no apparent effect on caffeine concentrations at onset of seizures. These results show that functional tolerance to the seizure-inducing effect of caffeine in rats develops within minutes and that it is reversible within hours or less. PMID- 3259700 TI - Human B cell growth factor and neoplasia. PMID- 3259701 TI - Electrical stimulation effects on cutaneous wound healing in rabbits. A follow-up study. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high voltage monophasic pulsed electrical stimulation on wound healing using positive polarity. Forty four rabbits were assigned to experimental or control groups and followed for four or seven days. We classified the groups as Exp4, Con4, Exp7, and Con7, respectively. Each animal was anesthetized, and a full-thickness incision, 3.5-cm long, was made on its back. After 24 hours, the Exp4 and Exp7 rabbits received high voltage electrical stimulation for two hours twice daily. Wound closure for the Exp4 rabbits (50%) was significantly less than that of the Con4 rabbits (78%). After seven days, however, the Exp7 and Con7 rabbits had similar wound closure values (80% and 82%, respectively). Tensile-strength values for the control and experimental animals were comparable at both time periods. Histologic examination of the wounds suggested a more rapid rate of epithelization between the Exp4 and Exp7 rabbits compared with the Con4 and Con7 rabbits. The results of this study are inconclusive, but may indicate that positive-polarity stimulation enhanced wound closure between four and seven days of treatment. PMID- 3259702 TI - [Description of an ambulatory neuropsychiatric patient population in the Gondar region, Northwest Ethiopia: epidemiologic and clinical aspects]. AB - The paper deals with the morbidity profile of 1240 patients in the neuropsychiatric outpatient department of the Gondar College of Medical Sciences in the course of eleven months in the years 1985-1986, and proceeds to compare in with a previous analysis, that of Bach and Bachmann (1987). Although the morbidity profile tallies remarkably well with that in Central Europe, the extensive practice of consulting traditional healers disguises the exact situation. Constantly shifting regional peculiarities has a great influence on the morbidity of individual clinical pictures. Epidemiological and clinical aspects are discussed in the context of the relevant African literature. PMID- 3259703 TI - Temporal stability and overlap of behavioral and questionnaire assessments of type A behavior in coronary patients. AB - To examine the temporal stability of the Type A behavior pattern (TABP) after a cardiac event, both a Videotaped Clinical Interview (VCI) (formerly known as the Videotaped Structured Interview) and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) were administered to 81 male and 19 female patients three times during the first year after hospitalization for an initial myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft, or both. There was no intervention other than the usual treatment provided by the medical care system. The test-retest reliability coefficients were moderately high for all measures of TABP. The JAS provided the most reliable scores in both sexes. The Hard Driving and Competitive component of the JAS decreased significantly throughout the year in both men (p less than 0.001) and women (p less than 0.01), but in men all three overall indices of TABP and their components (other than Hard Driving and Competitive) decreased spontaneously between 1 and 3 months, and then increased again by 1 year to nearly the original levels. In women, there were no consistent changes over time among the indices other than that for the Hard Driving and Competitive component of the JAS. Intercorrelations among the indices demonstrate the failure of the JAS to assess the Hostility component of the TABP and the possibility that the Speed and Impatience subscale of the JAS measures different things in men and women. The newest method of scoring the VCI appeared to provide the best index for measuring TABP in male coronary patients, while the original scoring was more reliable for women. PMID- 3259704 TI - [Tumors and space-occupying abnormalities of the skull calotte]. AB - Clinical and demographic data as well as the course of illness were analyzed in a retrospective study of 50 patients with a primary tumor or a malformation of the calvarial bones. The most frequent histological diagnosis was "eosinophilic granuloma of bone" (found in 42% of cases), followed by hemangioma, osteoma, dermoid, epidermoid and malignant tumors, and fibrous dysplasia. Local recurrence was observed in 1 patient with ossifying fibroma and 1 with a dermoid tumor, while further dissemination of illness was observed in 3 patients with "eosinophilic granuloma". In these cases, systemic drug therapy is needed. The necessity of an intensive search for further signs of illness and long follow-up periods in patients with primary localized histiocytosis X is stressed. PMID- 3259705 TI - [Evaluation of the system performance and clinical images of the single photon emission computed tomography for head using ring arranged detector]. AB - To evaluate the system performance, several preoperational fundamental tests of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were carried out. Spatial resolutions (FWHM) measured with the point-spread functions of a 99mTc line source were 12.5 mm with a high resolution (HR) collimator and 17.2 mm with a high sensitivity (HS) collimator respectively. Slice thicknesses (FWHM) obtained from the profile curves of slice images were 17.5 mm (HR) and 29.0 mm (HS) at the center of rotation. System sensitivities were 5.4 kcps/slice (HR) and 27.8 kcps/slice (HS). Uniformities calculated from the SPECT images of a pool phantom were 4.7% (HR) and 2.7% (HS) at the condition of 3,000 kcounts to be acquired. SPECT images of the HEADTOME SET-031 were considered very useful to diagnose the cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 3259706 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum]. AB - Seven patients with clinically suspected Meckel's diverticulum were examined. The symptoms of Meckel's diverticulum are variable, ranging from mild recurrent or severe acute gastrointestinal bleeding to intestinal obstruction and acute peritonitis. The authors evaluate the diagnostic results and suggest guidelines to choose the most appropriate radiological procedures, according to the clinical pattern: barium meal, enteroclysis and scintigraphy (99mTc) in patients with mild bleeding; mesenteric angiography in case of severe bleeding. The possibility of false negatives and positives is then discussed. PMID- 3259707 TI - [Improvement of myocardial ischemia in jeopardized area with a remote AC bypass graft evaluated by stress myocardial scintigraphy]. PMID- 3259708 TI - [Lyme disease: its principal neurological and rheumatological aspects]. PMID- 3259709 TI - [Recurrent subileus--chronic hemorrhagic anemia--status following small bowel resection]. PMID- 3259710 TI - [Systemic therapy of metastatic malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3259711 TI - [The importance of the diagnosis of vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis in rheumatology]. PMID- 3259712 TI - Role of drug-abuse treatment in limiting the spread of AIDS. AB - Drug-abuse treatment may have important direct and indirect effects on restricting the spread of infection with human immunodeficiency virus by decreasing the prevalence of intravenous drug use and by decreasing regular drug use that impairs the immune system. Drug-abuse treatment results in substantial declines in the use of heroin, cocaine, prescription psychotherapeutic drugs, and other drugs in the year after treatment. Declines are closely related to the length of time spent in treatment; treatment duration of greater than or equal to 6 months has a significant impact on drug use after treatment. The potential impact of drug-abuse treatment in combatting the AIDS epidemic is discussed. PMID- 3259713 TI - Respiratory embarrassment and neurologic symptoms in a patient with AIDS. PMID- 3259714 TI - Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom. (A report of serologic and immunogenetic studies and long-term follow-up in 18 patients). AB - Data from a study carried out on a group of 18 patients with hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom (HPW) followed-up for 3-14 years are reported in this paper. In 11 patients the syndrome was considered to be idiopathic, while in the remaining 7 it was associated with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). A marked (17/1) female prevalence was observed. Purpura was the presenting clinical manifestation in 9 patients, but it occurred at different points during the course of the disease; Raynaud's phenomenon was present in one third of patients. Serum gammaglobulin levels were higher than 2.2 g/dl in all the cases and higher than 3 g/dl in 9 cases. Immune complexes were detected in all patients. A significant serologic finding in our case series was represented by the frequency of anti-Ro (16/16) and anti-La (14/15) antibodies, clearly higher than that reported in SS patients. HLA typing showed a marked increase of B8 and DR3 antigens as well as A1,B8,DR3 haplotype, never reported in other autoimmune diseases. On the basis of serologic and immunogenetic features, HPW seems a clearly distinguishable entity among autoimmune vasculitis. PMID- 3259716 TI - Intraperitoneal infusion of interleukin-2 in patients with malignant ascites: phenotypic and functional effects on tumor-associated lymphocytes. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of intraperitoneal interleukin-2 (IL-2) infusion on tumor-associated lymphocytes (TAL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in patients with malignant ascites. Six patients were given IL-2 daily for 14 days by intraperitoneal infusion using a delivery system. TAL were isolated from the ascitic fluid before (day 0) and 7 and 14 days after the initiation of the treatment. Although no variations were observed in cytolytic activity and surface markers of PBL, TAL showed an important increase in the percentage of cells expressing IL-2 receptors of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-1 antigen (i.e., a surface molecule expressed by human LAK cells and their precursors). Perhaps more importantly, a sharp increase of natural killer activity and the de novo generation of LAK activity were also observed. PMID- 3259715 TI - An analysis of morphological, cytochemical, immunological and clinical features of adult T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Morphological, cytochemical, immunological and clinical features of 19 adult patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) were investigated at the time of diagnosis and were compared with those of 34 adult patients affected by B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Immunophenotypic studies employing a wide panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) revealed a heterogeneous pattern of antigen expression in the five T-ALL groups that were identified on the basis of blast T cell differentiation levels. PAS (periodic acid Schiff) negativity and focal AP (acid phosphatase) positivity, as well as white blood cell count and serum lactic dehydrogenase levels, were significantly related to T ALL when compared with B-ALL. On the contrary, no statistically significant difference was demonstrated in the clinical outcome. PMID- 3259717 TI - [11th annual seminar of the French Society of Rheumatology. The French Congress of Rheumatology. Paris, 15-16 March 1988. Abstracts]. PMID- 3259718 TI - [Plasma levels of vitamins A and E in hyperostosis, ankylosing spondylarthritis and rheumatoid polyarthritis]. AB - In animal and man, chronic intoxication with vitamin A or retinoids may be responsible for vertebral hyperostosis and periosteal appositions. Vertebral hyperostosis is found in hyperostotic disease but also in the course of ankylosing spondylarthritis. Therefore, we felt it would be interesting to study blood retinol levels in 22 patients with hyperostotic disease, 29 patients with ankylosing spondylarthritis, 18 patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis and 21 reference patients. The Kurskal-Wallis test has demonstrated a significant difference of blood retinol levels between these four groups (p less than 0.0001). The blood retinol level was more elevated during hyperostotic disease (3.63 +/- 1.13 mumol/l) than in the reference group (2.94 +/- 0.76) and was, on the contrary, lower during ankylosing spondylarthritis (2.57 +/- 0.66) and rheumatoid polyarthritis (2.32 +/- 0.64). This study confirms the elevation of blood retinol during the course of hyperostotic disease; such a abnormality was not demonstrated in the course of ankylosing spondylarthritis, and on the contrary, suggest that a decreased blood retinol level may be observed during chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid polyarthritis or ankylosing spondylarthritis. PMID- 3259719 TI - [Anticentromere antibodies in rheumatoid polyarthritis with Sjogren syndrome, without the elements of the CREST syndrome]. PMID- 3259720 TI - Different susceptibilities of normal T cells and T cell lines to immunotoxins. AB - In the context of ex vivo T cell elimination from bone marrow, the anti-T cell cytotoxic potential of immunotoxins (IT) prepared by conjugation of the monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) WT32 (CD3), T101 (CD5), and WT1 (CD7) to ricin A chain was evaluated. The cytotoxicity of IT was based on protein synthesis inhibition in human T cell lines: GH1, CEM, HPB-ALL, and Jurkat, and appeared closely related to the antigen density and internalization rate of and appeared closely related to the antigen density and internalization rate of the IT. Normal unstimulated T cells appeared to be rather insensitive to IT not due to a low antigen density or decreased internalization. The cytotoxicity of IT to T cells could be enhanced considerably by NH4Cl. Treatment of T cells with a cocktail of IT (10(-8) M) and 20 mM NH4Cl resulted in a 5000-fold cytoreduction as measured by clonogenic assays of limiting T cell dilutions, whereas the haematopoietic progenitor cells remained unaltered. Stimulation of T cells with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) prior to incubation with IT considerably increased the sensitivity to IT treatment. Thus, normal T cells are less sensitive to anti-T cell IT than T cell lines and activated T cells. This suggests that a low protein synthesis is responsible for the resistance to IT. However, a high specific cytotoxicity of IT to normal T cells can be achieved in the presence of 20 mM ammonium chloride. PMID- 3259721 TI - Correlation between specific immunosuppression and polyclonal B cell activation induced by a protein secreted by Streptococcus mutans. AB - The relationship between polyclonal B cell activation and immunosuppressor effects induced by F5'EP-Sm, a non-cytotoxic protein secreted by Streptococcus mutans, was studied in C57BL/6 mice. Mice treated with F5'EP-Sm exhibited a considerable increase in splenic nonspecific Ig plaque-forming cells (PFC) compared with untreated mice. The isotypic pattern of non-specific PFC responses favours IgG2a approximately equal to IgG2b greater than IgG3 greater than IgG1 approximately equal to IgM, when taken as a ratio between treated and untreated animals. When F5'EP-Sm was administered 2 days before immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), the non-specific PFC production was accompanied by an ephemeral increase in specific PFC against SRBC 1 day after immunization, which was quickly replaced by a strong immunosuppression. In contrast, when F5'EP-Sm was injected after priming, there was little or no demonstrable suppression of specific PFC, and the increase of non-specific PFC was much less evident. The kinetic curves representing increase or decrease in relation to controls of specific and non-specific PFC are almost mirror images in each of the isotypes. The in vivo suppressor effect was abrogated in thymectomized mice, although the involvement of the T cell compartment is probably secondary to the B cell mitogen effect, since T-depleted spleen cells proliferate and synthesize non-specific Ig when stimulated in vitro with F5'EP-Sm. PMID- 3259722 TI - Biochemical purification of various receptor molecules involved in human T lymphocyte activation. Separation of 9.3 antigen from the T cell receptor for antigen. AB - The now classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted receptor for antigen on human T lymphocytes has been identified as a 90 kDa disulphide-linked heterodimer composed of two glycoproteins termed alpha and beta. More recently, another type of T cell receptor for antigen has been described, which seems to mediate killing of target cells without any obvious requirement for MHC recognition. This T cell receptor for antigen is also a heterodimer composed of gamma, delta chains non-covalently associated with the three mon morphic CD3 subunits. Another disulphide-linked dimer capable of triggering T lymphocytes has been defined recently by a monoclonal antibody: the anti-human 9.3 antigen. In order to generate monoclonal or polyclonal reagents against variable and constant regions of the T cell receptor chains and against new epitopes of the 9.3 antigen, we have developed a biochemical method of purification of T lymphocyte disulphide-linked dimers. Our method relies on two biochemical properties of the 9.3 surface molecule and the T cell receptor for antigen. (1) They are disulphide linked dimers and thus can be separated from the vast majority of the cell surface molecules by two-dimensional (non-reduced versus reduced) sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). (2) T cell receptor chains are less hydrophobic than the 9.3 antigen, and thus can be isolated from it on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at a lower concentration of acetonitrile. Microsomal preparations from T cell clones and leukaemia lines were prepared by nitrocavitation and lysed in sodium deoxycholate. After concentration, this lysate was electrophoresed on SDS-PAGE in non-reducing conditions. The gel slice corresponding to the molecular weight of the T cell receptor was cut out and run in reducing conditions in the second dimension. The T cell receptor spots were easily located on the gel by autoradiography as the microsomal lysate had been mixed with iodinated glycoproteins. The T cell receptor was eluted from the gel with about 85% yield. At this stage, the T cell receptor preparations also contained the 9.3 antigen, another disulphide-linked dimer. The separation of this antigen from the T cell receptor chains had been achieved on reverse-phase HPLC. This procedure allows the purification and separation of two disulphide-linked dimers which are both involved in T cell activation. The obtention of antibodies against new epitopes of these important molecules would be extremely useful for analysing their role in T cell function and ontogeny. PMID- 3259723 TI - Inhibitor of interleukin 1 in normal human urine. Different effects on mouse thymocytes and on a murine T-cell line. AB - We investigated whether urine from normal individuals contains inhibitors of interleukin 1 (IL-1). Diafiltered urine from normal afebrile donors suppressed IL 1-induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity of mouse thymocyte supernatants. These supernatants, however, strongly suppressed IL-2-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation into the IL-2-sensitive cell line CTLL-2, whereas the urine preparations did not. This phenomenon was caused by an increased amount of thymidine secreted by the urine-treated thymocytes. Therefore, in order to prevent interference, experiments were carried out with excess [3H]thymidine. Under these circumstances, suppression of IL-1- and to a lesser extent IL-2 induced DNA synthesis was still observed, whereas the synergistic effect of IL-1 on IL-2-induced DNA synthesis was only marginally reduced. We conclude that suppression of IL-1-induced IL-2 production by mouse thymocytes is a major effect of the IL-1-inhibitory factor(s) in normal urine. When the murine EL4 cell line was used, the diafiltered urine failed to inhibit IL-1-induced IL-2 production. The detection of an IL-1 inhibitor in urine is therefore dependent on the target cells as well as the effects of IL-1 on these cells. PMID- 3259724 TI - [Dipyridamole and low-dose aspirin in patients with aortocoronary bypass- comparison with anticoagulants]. PMID- 3259725 TI - [What's your diagnosis? What treatment do you propose? (Geriatric vestibular syndrome in the dog)]. PMID- 3259726 TI - Extensive junctional diversity of rearranged human T cell receptor delta genes. AB - The human T cell receptor delta (TCR delta) gene encodes one component of the TCR gamma delta-CD3 complex found on subsets of peripheral blood and thymic T cells. Human TCR delta diversity was estimated by characterizing rearrangements in TCR gamma delta cell lines and determining the structures of complementary DNA clones representing functional and nonfunctional transcripts in these cell lines. One V delta segment and one J delta segment were identified in all functional transcripts, although a distinct J delta segment was identified in a truncated transcript. Further, one D delta element was identified, and evidence for the use of an additional D delta element was obtained. Thus human TCR delta genes appear to use a limited number of germline elements. However, the apparent use of two D delta elements in tandem coupled with imprecise joining and extensive incorporation of N nucleotides generates unprecedented variability in the junctional region. PMID- 3259727 TI - Cachectin/TNF and IL-1 induced by glucose-modified proteins: role in normal tissue remodeling. AB - Proteins undergo a series of nonenzymatic reactions with glucose over time to form advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). Macrophages have a receptor that recognizes the AGE moiety and mediates the uptake and degradation of AGE proteins. This removal process is associated with the production and secretion of cachectin (tumor necrosis factor) and interleukin-1, two cytokines with diverse and seemingly paradoxical biological activities. The localized release and action of these cytokines could account for the coordinated removal and replacement of senescent extracellular matrix components in normal tissue homeostasis. PMID- 3259728 TI - Coronary reoperations. AB - As coronary bypass surgery evolved from a procedure offered to good-risk patients into an intervention that is now applied to a spectrum of patients with many high risk characteristics, so, too, reoperation for coronary surgery is now applied to an aging population with complicated atherosclerosis and abnormal left ventricular function. Despite our increased understanding of the factors that generate a need for reoperations and some potential avenues for preventing or delaying reoperations, the number of reoperations seems likely to increase. It is clear that the consistency of intraoperative myocardial protection must be improved; however, the favorable long-term results for these patients solidify the role of reoperation as an applicable intervention for patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 3259729 TI - Coronary endarterectomy. An adjunct to coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - There is a wide variation in the reported results of endarterectomy in conjunction with coronary artery bypass grafting. Operative mortality ranges from 0 to 10 per cent, perioperative infarction ranges from 5 to 30 per cent, and patency rates range from 38 to 100 per cent, with 74 to 95 per cent being asymptomatic or improved. This wide discrepancy in clinical outcome occurs for a number of reasons. First, there is nonhomogeneity of patient populations resulting from a lack of standardized patient selection criteria. Second, the operative experience of most published reports spans a decade throughout which major advances in cardiac surgery have occurred. Finally, endarterectomy is a technically challenging procedure with its own learning curve. Differences in technique and expertise almost certainly contribute to the variability of results. Patients with diffuse coronary artery disease pose a challenge to the cardiac surgeon. Endarterectomy entails the risks of increased morbidity and mortality and therefore should be done only if conventional bypass grafting is precluded. However, the risks of these complications must always be weighed against the possible benefits. At the present time carefully selected patients can benefit from this procedure. Unfortunately, until such time as controlled randomized studies are carried out on a prospective basis, statistical support for this procedure will not be available. Given that such a study is questionable from an ethical point of view, clinical decisions for this select group of patients must be done on a case-by-case basis. The best that can currently be done is to carefully follow these patients and scrutinize existing data to ensure optimal clinical management. PMID- 3259730 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and major histocompatibility antigens in human gliomas and metastatic brain tumors. AB - A subpopulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens of the tumor cells were examined in 14 glioma and 13 metastatic brain tumor tissues. In both tumors, most of the TILs were T lymphocytes, and both phenotypes of the cytotoxic/suppressor and helper/inducer T lymphocyte were found. On examination of MHC antigens, beta 2 microglobulin was shown intensely on tumor cells in all cases, and the monomorphic determinant of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR) was shown in 10 glioma and in 5 metastatic cases. The correlation between the number of TILs and MHC antigen expression on tumor cells was equivocal as a whole in cases of both glioma and metastatic brain tumor. PMID- 3259731 TI - Myelolipoma and endocrine dysfunction. AB - Myelolipoma is an uncommon benign tumor of which the pathogenesis is unknown. It is rarely associated with endocrine disorders. We present a case of a myelolipoma in conjunction with congenital adrenal hyperplasia secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Nine previously reported cases of myelolipoma associated with endocrine dysfunction are reviewed with potential correlation of the hormonal imbalance to pathogenesis. PMID- 3259733 TI - Nonreversed saphenous vein grafts in coronary surgery. AB - The nonreversed saphenous venous graft in coronary surgery gives better match of diameters at the aortic as well as at the coronary anastomosis. The destruction of the valves is necessary and special valvulotomes are used. This preliminary report of a new technique in coronary surgery must be followed by long term results. PMID- 3259732 TI - Autotransfusion of drained mediastinal blood after cardiac surgery: a reappraisal. AB - In a randomised prospective study the efficacy of autotransfusion was investigated in two groups of 25 patients, a study group in which autologous blood was collected from the mediastinal tubes and retransfused, and a second, control group, in which only stored blood was used. In the study group, a reduction of 50% in the amount of stored blood required was observed. However, in two out of 25 patients the transfusion system could not be used due to clot formation in one of its components. From the total bloodloss per patient about 25% became available for autotransfusion. No significant differences between the two groups were found for hemoglobine, hematocrite, white blood count, platelets and fibrinogen level. Coagulation studies of the drain blood indicate that an active process of mediastinal clotting, followed by fibrinolysis occurs during the losing and collecting. The blood available for retransfusion contained a considerable amount of small-sized debris. It is concluded that autotransfusion of drain blood is not to be recommended for routine use. PMID- 3259734 TI - Aortocoronary bypass surgery with normothermia in a patient with severe cold urticaria. AB - Patients with cold urticaria can after exposure to cold air or infusions react with hypotension and cardiovascular collapse. We here report on a patient having a severe cold urticaria who because of angina required myocardial revascularization: She was successfully operated in normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegia. PMID- 3259735 TI - High prevalence of the haplotype HLA-A11, B27 in arthritis patients from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. AB - The haplotype HLA-A11, B27 is present in significantly increased numbers in arthritis patients, over and above the numbers expected from its relative proportion in B27-positive healthy controls, from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3259736 TI - Heterogeneity in the mitogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to a pan T monoclonal antibody. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 80 normal donors were studied for their capacity to proliferate in response to Pan T2, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), that recognizes the CD3 complex. Forty percent of this population, regardless of sex or age, were found to be non-responders. However, the binding of MoAb Pan T2 to T cells as studied by indirect immunofluorescence was positive in all the donors. The addition of IL 1 or IL 2 to Pan T2-stimulated non responder lymphocytes did not activate T cell proliferation, while the addition of responder monocytes restored the proliferation capacity in non-responder PBMC. The data indicate the existence of a heterogeneous responsiveness among normal individuals to a mitogenic IgG1 MoAb, and are in agreement with reports obtained using other anti-T3 MoAbs of IgG1 isotype, i.e. UCHT1, Leu4 and WT31. This defect is reported to be a function of monocytes, related to a polymorphism of Fc receptors for mouse IgG1 on human monocytic cells. PMID- 3259737 TI - HLA-DP in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Frequencies of HLA-DR, Dw and DPw specificities were compared between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, Felty's syndrome (FS) patients and normal controls. It was confirmed that the frequency of DR4 was increased in RA patients (54% (n = 111) vs 23% (n = 272), relative risk (RR) = 3.98, P less than 0.001). Cellular typing showed a highly significant increase in HLA-Dw14 in the entire RA population (17% (n = 32) vs 2% (n = 242), RR = 11.90, P less than 0.001), and a tendency towards an increase of HLA-Dw14 in DR4+ RA patients compared to DR4+ controls (28% (n = 32) vs 11% (n = 47), RR = 3.29, P less than 0.05). Regarding DPw specificities, the only significance was for a negative association with DPw3 (13% vs 22% (n = 254), RR = 0.51, P less than 0.05), with an additional tendential decrease of DPw1 (11% vs 19%, RR = 0.53, not significant (NS]. The decrease of DPw3 was more marked in DR4- RA patients (RR = 0.33, P less than 0.05) than in DR4+ RA patients (RR = 0.69, NS). In FS patients, 96% of whom were DR4+, decreased DPw1 was very marked, whereas the frequency of DPw3 was unaltered compared to DR4+ normals. These alterations in frequencies were not caused by linkage disequilibria between HLA-DR and -DP alleles. Thus, taken together, these data suggest that, in the presence of the major DR4-associated "susceptibility" gene(s) for RA, DPw1 may have "protective" effects, whereas in the absence of DR4, the presence of DPw3 has significant "protective" activity. PMID- 3259738 TI - A new HTC, a PLT and a PLT clone define a split of HLA-DR2 in the Austrian population. AB - An LD defined split of HLA-DR2, different from HLA-Dw2, Dw12 and DB9, is observed in the Austrian population. The narrow HLA-D specificity, defined by a new Austrian Homozygous Typing Cell (HTC), a primed lymphocyte (PLT) cell line and a PLT clone, is tentatively termed HLA-D"WH". Investigation of three informative families shows that HLA-D"WH" segregated together with HLA-DR2. In one family, even an individual heterozygous for HLA-DR2/Dw2 and HLA-DR2/D"WH" can be identified. A panel study including 90 non-related Austrians shows that HLA-D"WH" occurring in 6.7% of the whole panel, that is in 20% of the HLA-DR2 positive panel members, is completely included in HLA-DR2. HLA-D"WH" might be comparable to other LD specificities related to HLA-DR2, "MN2", "FJO", "AZH" or "GEN". PMID- 3259739 TI - Effect of tetrahydrobiopterin and 5-hydroxytryptophan on hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation: a suggestion of the serotonergic system involvement. AB - A daughter and her mother developed hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation (HPD) at the age of 4 and 34, respectively. L-Dopa, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) was orally administered to them. L-Dopa cured completely their symptoms. 5-HTP as well as BH4 improved their symptoms, especially dystonic movements. Biopterin and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in CSF increased during BH4 medication. These findings suggest that the serotonergic system of the central nervous system might play some role in the pathogenesis of dystonia in HPD. PMID- 3259740 TI - The effect of piperonyl butoxide on hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activities in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - Although piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is commonly used both in vivo and in vitro as an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase (MO) activity in a wide variety of species, the effect of PBO on the hepatic MO of fishes has never been characterized. The MO activity in hepatic microsomes from rainbow trout exposed to either 1 or 2 ppm PBO for 24 hr in a static system was induced to a similar level in both treatment groups. Conversely, when PBO was administered in a flow through system to trout, the hepatic microsomes of treated animals contained MO activities that were induced in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, total cytochrome P-450 was significantly increased in the livers of trout treated in a flow-through system with 1 ppm or more of PBO. The in vitro inhibition kinetics of PBO toward the 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD) and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O deethylase (EROD) activities of hepatic microsomes from trout treated with beta naphthoflavone (BNF) (100 mg/kg, ip) or PBO (4 ppm by flow-through) and untreated trout were compared with Dixon plots. With respect to ECOD activity, the slopes of Dixon plots from control, BNF- and PBO-treated animals were similar. However, the slopes of Dixon plots of EROD inhibition by PBO in microsomes from BNF- and PBO-treated trout were significantly different from each other. Treatment of trout with PBO in a flow-through system resulted in an increase in ECOD and EROD activity in hepatic microsomes while simultaneously decreasing their activity toward [14C]rotenone oxidation. These data suggest that the cytochrome P-450 isozyme composition in hepatic microsomes from PBO-treated rainbow trout may be qualitatively different from that of BNF-treated trout. Also, the activity of hepatic microsomes from PBO-treated trout toward a specific substrate may be either inhibited or induced. PMID- 3259741 TI - The neurotoxicity of tunicamycin. AB - The neurotoxicity of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycosylation of glycoproteins and a potential anti-tumour agent, was investigated by injection of the chemical directly into the lateral ventricle of the brain of rats. A delayed neurological syndrome developed due to anoxic necrosis of brain cells and spongy degeneration of the white matter. In many brains the lesion had the characteristic features of an infarct. Since the predominant lesion was vascular, the action of tunicamycin on blood vessels was investigated in vitro using rabbit aortic rings. In this system the normal relaxation response to acetylcholine in aortic rings pre contracted with noradrenaline was progressively inhibited as exposure of the ring to tunicamycin increased from 2 h to 5 h. This relaxation response depends on the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor from endothelial cells. Hence it is proposed that the important primary target in tunicamycin neurotoxicity is endothelial cells of the brain microvessels. PMID- 3259742 TI - Studies with the neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and several of its analogs. AB - The nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP was prevented in mice in a dose-dependent manner by the monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor deprenyl. This finding, combined with other observations, points out the important role of MAO-B in the bioactivation of MPTP. In the present study, some comparisons between MPTP and several of its structural analogs will be presented. PMID- 3259744 TI - [Reorganization of the Golgi apparatus of epithelial cells in the frog bladder in stimulation of water transport by antidiuretic hormone]. AB - Ultrastructural changes of Golgi apparatus of frog urinary granular cells at antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulation of water transport were studied. During a short-time ADH action (5 min) the fragmentation of the complex on single dictyosomes and dilution of certain cisternae is discovered. A conclusion is made that the granular cell giant vacuoles may originate from the Golgi cisternae. It is suggested that the microtubules may be involved in the translocation of dictyosomes and migration of formed vacuoles. The quantity of microtubules increases during ADH action very significantly. Moreover, the involvement of the Golgi apparatus is shown in the maintenance of the cell membrane balance due to budding of tubular structures from transcisternae and shuttling between luminal and vacuolar membranes. PMID- 3259743 TI - The use of in vivo brain dialysis of dopamine, acetylcholine, amino acids and lactic acid in studies on the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). AB - The use of intracerebral brain dialysis in freely moving rats in neurochemical and neurotoxicological research is discussed and exemplified by studies on the neurotoxin MPTP. Intrastriatal administration of its toxic metabolite MPP+, via the dialysis tube, induced massive changes in the release of neurotransmitters and metabolites. Release enhancing effects could not be repeated by a second MPP+ perfusion and decreases in neurotransmitter or metabolite output were persistent. This indicates that MPP+ has irreversible, toxic effects on various neuortransmitter systems. The MPP+-induced release of DA has been characterized by studying the effect of pretreatment with various drugs, as well by comparison of the time courses of MPP+-induced DA release with those of amphetamine-induced DA release and of MPP+-induced lactate overflow. PMID- 3259746 TI - [An implantable radio-controlled sacral nerve root stimulator for control of urination]. PMID- 3259745 TI - [Aortoenteric fistula as the cause of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3259747 TI - [Acute epiglottitis complicated by Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis]. PMID- 3259748 TI - Tropical fish medicine. PMID- 3259749 TI - Tropical fish medicine. Taking the history. AB - When treating fish, one needs to rely heavily on the history to collect the information needed to make a differential diagnosis, because physical examination will usually be quite limited. PMID- 3259750 TI - Tropical fish medicine. Evaluating water problems. AB - This article presents some of the basic concepts involved in managing water in tropical fish aquariums. The intent is not to address all problem situations and their solutions, but to inform the practitioner of the interactions between fish, water, and container and the complicated nature of successfully diagnosing water problems in the home aquarium. The important variables in water quality as they relate to fish health are presented. Potential problems from source water, inadequate biological filtration, and aquarium overcrowding are discussed. PMID- 3259751 TI - Tropical fish medicine. Behavioral diagnosis. AB - An appreciation of the significance of behavior patterns of fish can be as useful to the practitioner as for any of the more familiar domestic species. Veterinarians are trained in comparative medicine, and a logical clinical approach is warranted regardless of the species to which it is directed. The information provided here can serve to bridge the veterinarian's knowledge of other species with the problems encountered in a fish in the sense that knowing what to look for, or what you are looking at, can help put things in perspective. There is no substitute, however, for common sense. The experience a clinician gains through seeing many animals of many species will be as useful with piscine patients as with other animals. PMID- 3259752 TI - Tropical fish medicine. Anesthesia in fish. AB - 1. Before using anesthesia in fish, check water quality parameters for tropical fish aquariums in the locality. 2. Monitor any changes in water quality that result from anesthetic administration, especially pH and alkalinity. Have adequate buffering agents available to counter these changes. 3. Use one or two preferred agents, and become familiar with the effects they produce. 4. Where possible, withhold food from fish for 24 hours prior to administration of the anesthetic agent. 5. Try to anesthetize a few fish in a group first as a test batch. Wait 12 to 24 hours for signs of delayed mortality before proceeding to anesthetize the rest of the fish. 6. Always provide adequate aeration in holding vessels. 7. Where practical, use water that the fish has come from in the anesthetic tank. 8. Always have a container of the same water for the fish to recover in. PMID- 3259753 TI - Tropical fish medicine. Fish chemotherapeutics. AB - The author considers the pros and cons of various routes of delivery of medication in fish as well as the drugs and doses used for treatment of bacterial infections and various parasitic infections. Also discussed are emergency and metabolic drugs. PMID- 3259754 TI - Tropical fish medicine. Parasites associated with ornamental fish. AB - The diagnosis, treatment, and control of parasites and nonparasitic pests of aquarium fish are covered. Figures are provided that should help the clinician make specific diagnoses. PMID- 3259755 TI - Tropical fish medicine. Biopsy and rapid postmortem techniques for diagnosing diseases of fish. AB - Biopsy and rapid postmortem techniques are simple to perform with commonly available instruments. Because the skin and gills are the target organs for so many infectious agents, biopsy is a very useful tool in pet fish medicine. The major requisite for successful diagnosis using biopsy materials is the ability to recognize different taxonomic groups of pathogens. Many of these pathogens may be present in clinically normal individuals, and their importance must be interpreted with other clinical findings. Rapid postmortem techniques can identify several common systemic diseases affecting pet fish. The usefulness of these procedures is highly dependent on the state of tissue preservation of the specimens presented. PMID- 3259756 TI - Tropical fish medicine. Necropsy examination of fish. AB - Necropsy examination of moribund or dead specimens is an essential step in diagnosing fish diseases. This article discusses basic anatomy and necropsy procedures. A large part of the article has been devoted to methods of procuring samples for laboratory analysis and histologic examination. To determine which findings are responsible for the mortalities, the entire case history and gross necropsy findings must be reviewed. Careful observations made during the necropsy examination provide valuable information immediately, as well as later on in the interpretation of laboratory data. PMID- 3259757 TI - Tropical fish medicine. Copper treatments. Uses and precautions. AB - Copper is an old but effective treatment for fish diseases. It is now primarily used to treat acute infestations of parasites such as Amyloodinium and Cryptocaryon. Many fish are sensitive to copper and may become intoxicated at concentrations required to control pathogens. Copper concentrations in treatment tanks must be measured frequently to ensure that levels are therapeutic but not toxic. A knowledge of the solution chemistry of copper is essential in understanding how to avoid unexpected changes in copper concentrations. Factors such as pH, salinity, decorative materials, nature of the filter bed, and the type of therapeutic agent used for treatment must be considered. PMID- 3259758 TI - Tropical fish medicine. Providing veterinary care to the commercial fish farmer. AB - The veterinarian with experience in preventive and herd health medicine is in a unique position to help the tropical fish farmer reduce losses and increase profits. This goal can best be accomplished through a comprehensive medical consultation program involving both problem-oriented and preventive medicine. PMID- 3259759 TI - [Effect of decimetric wave therapy on anti-aorta antibody levels and the functional activity of T lymphocytes in patients with nonspecific aortoarteritis]. PMID- 3259760 TI - The effects of pretreatment with 7,8-benzoflavone on drug-metabolizing enzymes and diethylstilboestrol metabolism in male hamster liver microsomal preparations. AB - 1. Pretreatment of male Syrian golden hamsters with 7,8-benzoflavone (7,8-BF, 0.4% in the diet) for 4 and 20 weeks resulted in a significant increase in the amount of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 in hepatic microsomes. The activities of microsomal 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD) and 7 ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) increased by a factor of 2 and 5, respectively, whereas aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity was only marginally enhanced. 2. Because the relative increase in cytochrome b5 exceeded that of cytochrome P-450, the ratio of P-450 to b5 decreased from 2.2 in controls to 1.6 in 7,8-BF-treated animals. 3. Hepatic microsomes from untreated and 7,8-BF pretreated hamsters metabolize E-diethylstilboestrol (E-DES) to its stereoisomer Z-DES and to several oxidative metabolites, of which 3-hydroxy-DES and Z,Z dienestrol were unambiguously identified by g.l.c.-mass spectrometry. 4. Pretreatment with 7,8-BF led to a marked decrease in the formation of all oxidative DES metabolites but not in the isomerization to Z-DES. The possible implication of these data for the mechanism of liver tumour formation by the combined treatment of hamsters with 7,8-BF and DES is discussed. PMID- 3259761 TI - [Effect of propyphenazone on drug biotransformation in the liver. A comparison with phenylbutazone using the aminopyrine breath test]. AB - By means of the aminopyrine breath analysis the influence of phenylbutazone, propyphenazone and of the combination preparation Wofapyrin "new" on the aminopyrine-N-demethylation, a hepatic microsomal performance of biotransformation in patients with diseases of the rheumatic circle of forms was examined. The enzyme-inducing effect of phenylbutazone known from literature could be confirmed. On the other hand despite a relatively highly dosed one-week treatment propyphenazone did not lead to changes of the demethylation capacity of the liver in the majority of the patients. In individual cases increases of the capacity are possible. In general, however, the doses of propyphenazone usual in the practice for the treatment of acute feverish infections no disturbing effects of induction or inhibition on the metabolic liver functions represented by the amino-N-demethylation are to be expected. The enzyme-inducing effect of Wofapyrin "new" is to be ascribed to the phenyl-butazone component. PMID- 3259762 TI - [Use of acupuncture and electroacupuncture in the treatment of circumscribed scleroderma]. PMID- 3259763 TI - Morbidity and mortality of myocardial infarction in the MONICA study area Augsburg in 1985. AB - In the year 1985, 998 (734 men, 264 women) cases of acute coronary events were registered among the 25-74 year-old residents of the study area (151,489 men and 171,093 women) of whom 583 (403 men, 180 women) died within 28 days (case fatality). Both AMI as a clinical diagnosis and AMI as a cause of death are validated by defined MONICA diagnostic criteria (acute symptoms, enzyme level, ECG, autopsy diagnosis). The AMI-risk (MONICA diagnostic categories 1, 2, 3, 9) in the study area Augsburg is relatively low (incidence: men 302, women 113; attack rate: men 444, women 138; death rate: men 241, women 92; all per 100,000 for each group). The 28-day case fatality is comparatively high (men 54%, women 67%). A comparison of the Augsburg rates with those of three other centers shows that the Augsburg figures are in the lower range. PMID- 3259764 TI - Smoking habits and attitude to smoking in the study population of the MONICA Project Augsburg. AB - Data concerning smoking habits were derived from the first MONICA-Augsburg survey 1984/85 based on a random two stage cluster sample of the 25-64 year old population of the city of Augsburg and the two surrounding rural districts (n = 5312). Data were gathered by a standardized interview. Response was 79%. Overall, about 36% of men and 18% of women are regular cigarette smokers (i.e. smoking more than one cigarette per day). In both sexes smoking decreases with increasing age. In men 43% of the 25-34 year old participants are regular smokers and 29% in the age group 55-64. In women 29% of the youngest age group but only 9% aged 55 64 are current regular smokers. In male regular cigarette smokers the mean amount of cigarettes consumed per day is 21, in women 14 cigarettes. The mean amount of nicotine and tar consumed per day is 17 mg and 277 mg in men, 10 mg and 159 mg in women. On the average men start smoking at the age of 18 and women at the age of 21. In both sexes the percentage of regular smokers, who are willing to change their smoking habits, is very high. In each age and sex group about 60% of all regular smokers affirmed their willingness to quit smoking in the future. It is hoped, that this willingness of the population to change their smoking behavior will be supported by suitable education and intervention programs. PMID- 3259765 TI - [Results of the "Munster Prospective Cardiovascular" study]. AB - In the 'Prospective Cardiovascular Munster' (PROCAM) study since 1979 employees have been examined for cardiovascular risk factors and held under observation for the onset of clinically significant signs of atherosclerosis (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary death). Until the end of recruitment (end of 1985) 20,060 male and female employees aged 17-65 from 52 industrial companies in Westfalia have participated. The voluntary examination at the start of the observation period includes a standardised questionnaire, a physical examination, blood pressure measurements and an ECG. Blood samples are taken after an overnight fast. The data presented here describe the longitudinal evaluation of initially healthy men aged 40 to 65 who had suffered no myocardial infarction or stroke before the examination. In an uniform follow-up period of four years 73 myocardial infarctions and coronary deaths were observed while 2681 men had survived without myocardial infarction or stroke. By far the best single parameter for establishing a risk group was HDL cholesterol. Using the characteristic hyper/dyslipoproteinemia which means cholesterol greater than = 300 mg/dl or HDL cholesterol less than 35 mg/dl combined with cholesterol greater than = 200 mg/dl and/or triglyceride greater than = 200 mg/dl or a multiple logistic function including age, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris and a family history of myocardial infarction patients at high risk for coronary heart disease could be identified. More than two thirds of new events happened in each of these high risk subgroups, which comprise less than 20 percent of men under consideration each. PMID- 3259767 TI - Determination of cytopathogenic effects of Trichomonas vaginalis on cultured cells by assaying 51Cr release. AB - By use of an assay for 51Cr release, it was attempted to determine the cytopathogenic effects of Trichomonas vaginalis on mammalian cultured cells. 51Cr was released from Na2(51)CrO4-labeled HeLa, L-929, FL, Vero and LLC-MK 2 cells. HeLa cells were most sensitive to the damage, followed by L-929, FL, Vero and LLC MK 2 cells. The effect depended upon the number of parasite and the incubation period. The maximum 51Cr release from the labeled cells was observed at 37 degrees C and pH 6.0. These results attest that this assay is reliable for determining the cytopathogenic effects of T. vaginalis on the target cells. PMID- 3259766 TI - Selective devascularisation of stomach and lienopulmopexy for prevention of bleedings in portal hypertension in children. AB - Dissatisfied with different operative procedures for prevention of recurrent bleedings in childhood portal hypertension, many surgeons nowadays treat their patients conservatively during episodic attacks and advocate one of the shunt procedures in adolescence when the splenic vein becomes sufficiently widened (more than 1 cm). Even then mortality cannot be avoided in some bad risk patients especially those living in remote villages lacking facilities for blood transfusion and high speed transport service. In this situation thoracic transposition of spleen and lienopulmopexy was advocated by Nylander and Turumen, Auvert, M. Bettex and others. We prefer a further simpler procedure and perform selective devascularisation of stomach and lienopulmopexy. It allows rapid development of collaterals between splenic pulps on the portal side and subpleural venous plexus on the systemic side to achieve effective gastric devascularisation to prevent further bleeding without hindering the existing portal flow through the liver to avoid the possible occurrence of encephalopathy. Of 21 operated cases one died on the 5th postoperative day and the remaining 20 are doing well. 1/2-5 1/2 years' follow-up revealed negligible morbidity and no recurrence of bleeding in any of them. Both procedures work on the same principle. PMID- 3259768 TI - [Physiological model of the stabilizing form of natural selection at the cellular level]. AB - By means of directional elimination of the parental gametes in frogs, the effects of two basic forms (i.e. normalizing and canalizing ones) of natural selection on the heat resistance level of muscle fibers in the progeny have been reproduced. Experimental evidence is presented that both male and female gametes account for hereditary transformation of cellular heat resistance as a quantitative physiological parameter. Polymodal pattern of regulation of this parameter is suggested which includes indispensable participation of both thermal and non thermal factors of selection. The environmental temperature, as a selective factor, accounts for the formation of cellular heat resistance directly, whereas non-thermal factors exert their control on this parameter indirectly, associatively. It is suggested that the polymodal pattern of regulation of physiological functions presents the main mode of realization of canalizing form of natural selection. PMID- 3259770 TI - [Ocular herpes zoster with contralateral hemiplegia]. AB - A total of 375 patients with neurologic syndromes of herpes zoster were studied. Ten of them presented, along with the involvement of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve and other cranial nerves, contralateral pyramidal symptomatology. Apart from the typical syndrome of herpes zoster ophthalmicus with contralateral hemiplegia the authors distinguished clinical variants in which contralateral pyramidal symptomatology was associated with acute meningoencephalitis. PMID- 3259769 TI - [The dynamics of immunological indicators in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis with prednisolone combined with plasmapheresis]. AB - The dynamics of the immunological parameters was studied in 17 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who received prednisolone therapy in combination with plasmacytapheresis. The authors measured the counts of blood lymphocytes, T- and B-cells, active, theophylline-sensitive and theophylline-resistant lymphocytes levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG, and of circulating immune complexes. Marked clinical improvement was attained in 9 patients, moderate improvement in 7 cases. The dynamics of the immunological parameters depended on the clinical characteristics of the disease. The best correction of immunological characteristics was observed in patients with exacerbation of the process, remittant course, and moderate severity of the disease. The authors discuss the variable reactivity of theophylline-sensitive lymphocytes to the treatment. PMID- 3259771 TI - [Status of the ventricular system and dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid changes in chronic brain diseases]. AB - Using noninvasive (echoventriculometry (Echo-VM), REG and invasive (planimetric PEG, graphic recording of the CSF pressure) methods of examination, the authors determined the size of cerebral ventricles and the status of the cerebral hemo- and CSF dynamics in 606 patients with various chronic diseases of the brain (consequences of craniocerebral injury, epilepsy, discirculatory encephalopathy, etc.). According to PEG and Echo-VM findings, two groups of patients were distinguished. In moderate dilatation of cerebral ventricles the most significant finding was an increase in the pulse pressure of the CSF, whereas its mean pressure was normal or slightly elevated. In patients with pronounced hydrocephaly the pulse and mean pressure of the CSF tended to decrease. The progress of hydrocephaly was parallelled by increasing disorders of the cerebral hemodynamics expressed in hindered venous outflow from the cranial cavity and elevated peripheral vascular resistance. Four CSF-related syndromes have been identified (normotension, total CSF hypertension, intraventricular tension, total CSF hypotension) differing in their diagnostic and prognostic significance and in the pathogenesis of disorders of the hemo- and CSF dynamics. PMID- 3259772 TI - [Complex treatment of dental plexalgia using physiotherapeutic methods]. AB - A total of 66 patients with dental plexalgia have been examined and treated at the neurological dentistry department. A multiple-modality scheme for the treatment of this condition is suggested, whose basic methods are physiotherapeutic ones: longitudinal physiotherapy, diadynamic currents with a narcotic mixture, trimecain or lydase + analgin electrophoresis. The treatment was effective in the majority of patients. PMID- 3259773 TI - Coronary arteriography: yes, but... PMID- 3259774 TI - Primary cardiac tumors: retrospective evaluation of 15 consecutive patients. AB - During a decade (1975-1985) 15 patients have been treated for a primary cardiac tumor at the University Hospital of Ghent. Histological examination revealed both benign (n = 12) (myxoma, pseudomyxoma, myxoid degeneration) and malignant (n = 3) (angiosarcoma) tumors. Tumor diagnosis generally was made by echocardiographic and/or angiocardiographic examination of patients presenting with various constitutional and/or cardiac symptoms. In two patients however diagnosis became obvious by histological examination of the material removed during acute embolectomy. All tumors were surgically resected with the aid of extracorporeal circulation. Benign tumors have generally good prognoses, although rhythm or conduction disturbances, complete obstruction or embolization can entertain malignant consequences. Three of our patients died of such a complication. Therefore all cardiac tumors should be resected as soon as possible after diagnosis. One patient showed evidence of recurrence of the tumor. Malignant heart tumors have bad prognoses: all three of our patients died within two years. PMID- 3259775 TI - Unexplained plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy: an unusual rapidly progressive case in childhood. AB - A 4-year-old child died because of unexplained plexogenic arteriopathy only seven months after the onset of the symptoms. Cardiac catheterization revealed a primary pulmonary hypertension sensible to nifedipine, but after the initial favourable results the clinical course rapidly went down and the child died from right sided congestive heart failure. The post-mortem pulmonary histology revealed reversible structural abnormalities. It also demonstrates that the vasodilatator drugs are effective only for short time in primary pulmonary hypertension, and moreover that it is even hazardous to generalize when one talks about reversibility of such lesions in each case. PMID- 3259776 TI - Thrombo-embolic complication after streptokinase therapy of pulmonary emboli. AB - A 58-year old patient is reported who developed an ischaemic cerebrovascular accident 22 hours after successful thrombolysis with streptokinase for life threatening pulmonary emboli. Despite effective thrombolysis, the plasma fibrinogen level rose during streptokinase administration and reached extremely high values 72 hours later. The mechanism of this unusual early and extreme rise of fibrinogen levels is unclear but it probably played a role in the pathogenesis of the cerebrovascular accident. PMID- 3259777 TI - Metabolic testing of the heart with lactate and glucose during labelled FFA scintigraphy. PMID- 3259778 TI - A six years review on 53 cases of infective endocarditis: clinical, microbiological and therapeutical features. AB - Microbiological features, diagnostic investigations, treatment, and complication rate in 53 cases of infective endocarditis were reviewed in this study. Infection occurred both on prosthetic (47%) and native valves (38%), while in 15% of the cases no prior valvular disease was known. Streptococcal (38%) and staphylococcal (30%) infections were predominant. In 17% of the cases apparent negative blood cultures were obtained. The most frequent portal of entry was dental infection or manipulation (45%), however in 28% of the patients etiology remained obscure. Major clinical signs and symptoms included heart murmurs (96%), fever (91%), dyspnoea (32%), and splenomegaly (30%). Echocardiography revealed vegetations in 78%, aortic and mitral valve being nearly equally affected. All patients were medically treated and 53% received antibiotics prior to blood cultures. Associations of ampicillin or penicillin with an aminoglycoside (43%) and penicillinase-resistant antibiotics (30%) were most frequently administered. In 28% of the patients, it was necessary to insert a prosthetic (aortic or mitral) valve. During follow-up, heart failure (28%), embolization (11%), and infections (11%) were the major complications. PMID- 3259780 TI - Surgical treatment of biventricular endomyocardial fibrosis. A case report. AB - The clinical, fono-mechano-echocardiographic, hemodynamic and angiographic findings before and after surgery of a patient who developed bilateral extensive endomyocardial fibrosis probably secondary to filariasis, are described. The patient was surgically treated by endocardial decortication and insertion of a mitral and tricuspid Ionescu Shiley low profile valve, which was followed by a marked subjective and objective improvement during a follow-up period of 42 months. PMID- 3259779 TI - Changing mortality patterns in men. AB - Important changes in age-adjusted mortality (35-74 y) have occurred in the last 35 years in men. This is apparent from the study of the mortality patterns from 7 countries which were chosen as representative of populations with varying lifestyles. Mortality from all causes has shown the greatest decrease in Japan and the greatest increase in Hungary. From 1970 on cardiovascular mortality demonstrates a downward trend in all countries, except in Sweden where it remains virtually unchanged and Hungary where it rises markedly. Cancer mortality shows an upward trend which levels off during the last 15 years with the exception of Hungary. Changes in dietary and smoking habits and mass treatment for hypertension offer the most plausible explanation for the observed changes. PMID- 3259781 TI - Diabetic cardiomyopathy: the relationship between 201-thallium myocardial scintigraphic perfusion defect and left ventricular function in asymptomatic diabetics. AB - To investigate the significance of perfusion defects in asymptomatic diabetics, 40 mildly diabetic men, mean age 49 +/- 9.7 years, without clinical or exercise electrocardiographic evidence of ischemic cardiac disease, were evaluated: 1) sixteen (40%) showed no filling defect (G1). Mild defects (G2) and moderate defects (G3) were observed in 12 and 12, respectively; 2) the percent washout ratio was diminished in none of G1, in 3 of G2 and in 11 of G3; 3) there were no differences in age, duration of diabetes, FBS, HbA1c, serum cholesterol, smoking or BP. Obesity index was greater in G3 (121 +/- 15%, p less than 0.01) compared to G1 and 2 (103 +/- 9%, 108 +/- 9%); 4) the percent fractional shortening by echo was decreased in G2 and G3 (35 +/- 6%, 33 +/- 8%, p less than 0.01) compared to G1 (42 +/- 5%). The systolic time interval was higher in G3 (0.42 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.05) compared to G1 and G2 (0.35 +/- 0.05, 0.36 +/- 0.06); 5) radionuclide ventriculographic studies showed a lower peak filling rate at rest in G2 (2.4 +/- 0.5 EDV/sec, p less than 0.025) compared to G3 and G1 (2.9 +/- 0.6 EDV/sec, 3.2 +/- 0.7 EDV/sec). The rate of increase in cardiac output was significantly lower in G3 compared to G1 and G2 (59 +/- 28%, 96 +/- 49%, 97 +/- 31%, p less than 0.05). These results suggest the possibility of detecting metabolic derangements was myocardial scintigraphic perfusion abnormalities which might be a causal factor of myocardial dysfunction in diabetics. PMID- 3259782 TI - Haemorrhagic gastritis. Incidence, etiological factors, and prognosis. AB - Etiological factors and prognosis were analyzed in 78 patients with haemorrhagic gastritis admitted to an intensive care unit during 8 years. These patients constituted 11.4% of a total of 684 cases with massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage admitted during the same time period. The annual incidence of haemorrhagic gastritis was 6.5/100,000 inhabitants. Most frequently, the bleeding episode was associated with intake of alcohol (35%) or anti-inflammatory drugs (23%). Only 4 patients (5%) had classical stress ulcers. Due to massive bleeding, surgery was necessary in 5 patients. Non-resectional surgery was carried out with no postoperative mortality. Six patients (8%) died (age 72-92 years), one as a direct cause of bleeding and five in severe associated disease, haemorrhagic gastritis being more or less a terminal event. Thus, in the great majority of unselected patients with haemorrhagic gastritis bleeding ceases on conservative treatment. In a minor fraction surgical treatment is a last resort but the method of choice is debatable. We propose that gastric resection should be avoided. PMID- 3259784 TI - Monoamine re-uptake sites in the human brain evaluated in vivo by means of 11C nomifensine and positron emission tomography: the effects of age and Parkinson's disease. AB - Six patients with Parkinson's disease, selected to cover a range of clinical features, and 7 healthy volunteers aged 24-81 years, were examined by positron emission tomography after i.v. injection of racemic 11C-nomifensine, a catecholamine re-uptake blocking drug. After injection the radiotracer, radioactivity was rapidly distributed to the brain. The highest accumulation of radioactivity was found in areas rich in dopaminergic and noradrenergic innervation, such as the striatum and the thalamus. In regions with negligible dopaminergic and noradrenergic innervation, such as the cerebellum, radioactivity was lower and evenly distributed. In all investigated brain regions a marked age related decline in 11C-nomifensine-derived radioactivity relative to the cerebellum was observed in the group of healthy volunteers. Parkinsonian patients did not show such a decline with age. In the group of parkinsonian patients with mainly unilateral involvement, the contralateral putamen exhibited the most pronounced decrease. Only the 3 parkinsonian patients aged 63 and younger showed markedly lower 11C-nomifensine binding in striatal areas than age-matched healthy volunteers. 11C-nomifensine seems to be a valuable tool for investigating noradrenergic and dopaminergic re-uptake sites in vivo. Further achievements will most likely be made when the active enantiomer becomes available. PMID- 3259783 TI - Immunocytochemical studies on parafollicular cells of various mammals. AB - Using specific antisera, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), somatostatin as well as neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, secretory peptide I and calbindin (vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein) were looked for in parafollicular cells of rats, Syrian hamsters, Mongolian gerbils, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits and pigs. Calcitonin and CGRP were most invariably present in various species. Somatostatin was absent in mice and Mongolian gerbils and present in variable amounts in the remaining species. Neuron-specific enolase could not be detected in rabbits, while in the pigs and the Mongolian gerbils it could be demonstrated only in some parafollicular cells. Calbindin was present exclusively in parafollicular cells of guinea pigs. Chromogranin and secretory protein-I were present only in some animal species. PMID- 3259785 TI - The imbalance in CSF T cell subsets in active multiple sclerosis. AB - We determined the percentage of each lymphocyte subpopulation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the peripheral blood of 7 patients with active multiple sclerosis (MS), 7 with inactive MS, 5 with other inflammatory diseases in the central nervous system, and 12 with non-inflammatory neurological diseases, using fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibodies (anti-Leu7, anti-HLA DR, and those that recognize such surface antigens as CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19), and by laser flow cytometry to clarify the clinical usefulness of their measurement in the assessment of disease activity in MS. In CSF, a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+ cells and a significant decrease in the percentage of CD8+ cells were observed in the active MS group compared with the other 3 groups, while none of the percentages of the 6 subsets studied in the peripheral blood were significantly different among these groups. Our preliminary study indicated that evaluation of the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in CSF by flow cytometry could be a useful indicator of disease activity in MS. PMID- 3259786 TI - Leao's spreading depression in the hippocampus. PMID- 3259787 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: the balance between encephalitogenic T lymphocytes and demyelinating antibodies determines size and structure of demyelinated lesions. AB - The effect of a circulating monoclonal antibody recognizing an antigen located on the surface of myelin sheaths (myelin/oligodendroglia glycoprotein, MOG) on clinical and histopathological expression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was tested in a model of EAE passively transferred by monospecific T lymphocytes. Intravenous injection of anti-MOG antibody at the onset of the disease massively augmented clinical impairment as well as primary demyelination. The structure of the CNS lesions depended on the balance between encephalitogenic T cells and anti-MOG antibody: when EAE was induced with high numbers of T cells, circulating anti-MOG antibody resulted in ubiquitous perivenous demyelination in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. On the contrary, focal confluent demyelinated lesions were observed in animals injected with low numbers of T cells (even as few as 10(4] and anti-MOG antibody. Our studies, thus, indicate that the formation of inflammatory demyelinating lesions may be due to a synergistic action of cellular and humoral immune mechanisms. PMID- 3259788 TI - Unusual manifestation of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. AB - An unusual manifestation of the disease Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LHC) is presented. An 18-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Dermatology after he had been suffering for some time from affections of the skin in the scalp and perianal region which were resistant to treatment. Shortly after LHC was diagnosed, he developed spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax. In his past life he had been without cardiopulmonary complaints. In addition to this, he developed a diabetes insipidus, originating in connexion with the present disease. The combination of skin affection in the perianal region, spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax and diabetes insipidus in relation to LHC has not been described previously. PMID- 3259789 TI - [Mental disorders seen in primary care facilities in the Valencia community]. PMID- 3259790 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy in conjunction with ESWL in treatment of nephrolithiasis. AB - The use of percutaneous nephrostomies (PCNs) in 1456 patients (1660 kidneys) treated with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was evaluated. In this group, 138 PCNs (130 patients) were performed in 133 kidneys. Forty-seven percent of PCNs were placed in patients with staghorn calculi; 24% were for stones in the renal pelvis, and 20% for ureteral stones. The most common indication for PCN was fever and obstruction (57%). In 15%, the indications were failure to decompress an obstructed system from a retrograde direction, clogged double-J ureteral stents, and perforation of the ureter. Prophylactic PCN placement in the treatment of staghorn calculi and large stones in the renal pelvis accounted for 12%. Five percent were placed for miscellaneous other reasons, and for 11% there was no documentation of the indication because they were placed before the patients came to our center. Localization of the collecting system for optimal placement of PCN is unique in ESWL patients because the residual stone fragments provide natural contrast. This eliminates the need for administration of contrast material in 50% of the patients. Twenty-six percent of PCN tracts were subsequently used for other procedures (e.g., percutaneous nephrolithotomy, fragment irrigation, ureteral stone manipulation). Bleeding complications from PCN occurred in 7%. Other minor complications occurred in 12% of cases. PCN is a useful adjuvant to ESWL treatment of kidney stones. Although its major use is to relieve urinary tract obstruction, it is also used as a preliminary step in planning other percutaneous interventional procedures. This is particularly the case in the treatment of large bulky stones in the renal pelvis and staghorn calculi. PMID- 3259791 TI - Carcinoma of the urinary bladder: MR imaging with a double surface coil. AB - Twenty-four patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder were examined with MR imaging by using both a conventional body coil and a newly designed wraparound double surface coil. All patients had T1- and two patients had T2-weighted pulse sequences with both coils. Because of the long examination times, T2-weighted sequences in all other patients were obtained by using the double surface coil only. Nine patients underwent radical cystectomy, while the other patients had deep transurethral tumor resection and a clinical follow-up of at least 1.5 years. The results of imaging with the surface coil showed a twofold improvement of spatial resolution compared with the images obtained with the body coil. The RF field homogeneity was excellent, and the field of view was sufficiently large to achieve a complete study of the pelvis and the lower abdomen in one sequence. For the T1-weighted images, the higher spatial resolution of the double surface coil resulted in a significant (p less than .10) improvement in tumor staging. The accuracies of double-surface-coil and body-coil imaging were 79% and 54%, respectively. Double-surface-coil imaging appears to provide better MR images of the urinary bladder than body-coil imaging does, resulting in more accurate staging of tumors on T1-weighted pulse sequences. PMID- 3259792 TI - Intraperitoneal hemorrhage after renal biopsy: a grave prognostic sign. PMID- 3259793 TI - MR imaging of the normal ankle: correlation with anatomic sections. PMID- 3259794 TI - Congenital anomalies of the lungs in adults: MR diagnosis. AB - Over an 18-month period, 11 adults with congenital pulmonary anomalies within the sequestration spectrum, identified either surgically or radiographically by CT and/or angiography, were evaluated with MR. These included seven patients with bronchogenic cysts, two with intralobar pulmonary sequestrations, one with scimitar syndrome, and one with bronchial atresia. In each case, MR showed at least some findings indicative of the correct diagnosis. MR proved especially effective in the detection of abnormal fluid collections (nine cases) and the identification of anomalous vessels (three cases). Fluid collections were easily identified in all cases, including four cases with high-density collections on CT (two with bronchogenic cysts and two with intralobar pulmonary sequestration), especially when single-level, multiecho T2-weighted sequences were obtained. Calculated T2 values ranged from 78 to 439 msec (average, 223 +/- 123 msec). Although T2 values were statistically significant for differentiating fluid from muscle (p = .0012) and fat (p = .0046), they were not sufficiently specific to allow precise fluid characterization. Significant limitations were also apparent, such as an inability to detect alterations in the parenchymal architecture of the lungs (three cases) or intrapulmonary vascularity (one case). Despite this, we conclude that MR may be of considerable value in the assessment of congenital pulmonary anomalies and in select cases obviate more invasive diagnostic procedures. PMID- 3259795 TI - Acetabular cup dislocation: a new complication of total joint arthroplasty. PMID- 3259796 TI - Esophageal dilatation and reflux in neonates supported by ECMO after diaphragmatic hernia repair. AB - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for survivors of surgical repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia was used in 14 neonates. All showed marked esophageal dilatation on postoperative chest radiographs; the dilated esophagus simulated an air- or fluid-filled mass. All patients were later shown to have marked gastroesophageal reflux as well. The finding suggests a problem in swallowing exists before birth, which may explain the recent correlation between diaphragmatic hernia and hydramnios. The observation of a mediastinal mass in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia may represent esophageal ectasia and may be related to significant gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 3259798 TI - Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. PMID- 3259797 TI - Preservation of sickle cell blood-flow patterns during MR imaging: an in vivo study. AB - Magnetic fields and RF energy have been shown to affect sickle erythrocytes in vitro. Because both strong magnetic fields and RF energy are used in MR imaging, it has been suggested that capillary blood flow in patients with sickle cell disease may be altered during MR imaging. In order to examine sickle cell blood flow during MR imaging in vivo, laser-Doppler velocimetry was performed in normal control subjects and in sickle cell subjects before, during, and after MR imaging at 0.35 and 1.5 T. Mean blood flow and patterns of blood-flow variability were compared by two hematologists. No differences were found on the recordings from each subject made before, during, and after MR imaging were compared. Blood-flow patterns generally differed between control and sickle cell subjects. Periodic oscillatory blood flow, reportedly a specific finding in sickle cell subjects, was observed in one control subject and was not consistently found in sickle cell subjects. Although energies employed during MR imaging have effects on sickle erythrocytes in vitro, our data show no changes in sickle cell blood flow during MR imaging in vivo. PMID- 3259799 TI - The Society for Pediatric Radiology: 30 years later. PMID- 3259800 TI - MR evaluation of large intracranial aneurysms using cine low flip angle gradient refocused imaging. AB - MR imaging has proved to be useful in evaluating large intracranial aneurysms. The parent artery and patent lumen can be identified as flow voids and differentiated from thrombus. However, in the presence of slow flow, even-echo rephasing, and motion artifact, increased intraluminal signal may be present, which may be difficult to distinguish from thrombus. Aneurysms are also dynamic lesions and exert pulsatile mass effect on adjacent structures. Further definition of vascular anatomy and physiology may aid in therapeutic planning and assessment. Cine MR is a new technique using a movie loop of sequential GRASS (gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state) images obtained during various points in the cardiac cycle. The combination of GRASS images and cardiac gating thus allows cinegraphic display of vascular structures. A comparison of this method with routine T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging and angiography was made in a group of 13 patients with intracranial aneurysms greater than 1.5 cm in diameter. Eight of these patients underwent transvascular detachable balloon occlusion. With cine MR, flowing blood has high intensity due to flow-related enhancement. Turbulent and high-velocity flow can be recognized on the basis of signal loss, which occurs during systole. Thrombus demonstrated variable signal intensity, which remained unchanged during the cardiac cycle. Compared with routine MR sequences, there was less image degradation from phase-encoding artifacts and improved visualization of the neck of the aneurysm. Pulsatile mass effect was uniquely assessed. After transvascular embolization, cine MR demonstrated improved conspicuity of acute thrombus and higher contrast between flowing blood and the occlusion balloon when compared with routine MR. Confirmation of flow within the parent vessel, residual aneurysm lumen, and distal arterial branches is possible. If the parent vessel was occluded, cine MR yielded greater information than angiography. Cine MR provides additional anatomic and physiologic data in the evaluation and assessment of therapy of intracranial aneurysms. Information can be obtained that is not available with either routine MR or angiography. The inherent limitations of this new technique include partial-volume artifacts, less than optimal flow-related enhancement or spatial resolution, and poor data acquisition due to cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 3259801 TI - Improved MR imaging of the brain by using compensating gradients to suppress motion-induced artifacts. AB - Sixty patients were examined with and without extra gradient pulses, which compensate for motion-induced phase errors, in order to determine the effect those gradients had in suppressing the motion artifacts frequently present in the brainstem, temporal lobes, and basal ganglionic regions on routine T2-weighted brain MR imaging. Two comparative studies were performed: (1) in 50 patients the motion-artifact suppression technique (MAST) was compared with a single-echo MR examination, and (2) in 10 patients the MAST technique was compared with the second echo of a symmetric dual-echo sequence. In the first study 39 patients were examined at 1.5 T and 11 patients were examined at 0.5 T with the same pulse sequences. We found that MAST resulted in a significant improvement of image quality in 24 of 39 patients on the high-field-strength system and in two of 11 patients on the mid-field-strength system. In the second study, we found that in four of the 10 patients, MAST resulted in a suppression of artifacts greater than that achieved by even-echo rephasing alone. With MAST, artifacts were eliminated that not only obscured normal structures but that could have left doubt about the presence of a true signal abnormality. There was, however, marked suppression of the CSF flow-void phenomenon and increased signal from flowing blood, particularly in the cortical veins and dural sinuses. Because of this, the use of additional pulse sequences in which these motion-compensating gradients were not used was necessary under certain clinical circumstances. We conclude that, with these motion-compensating gradients, artifacts are reduced or eliminated, and a marked improvement in image quality can be obtained without the need for cardiac gating. PMID- 3259802 TI - Anomalies of the corpus callosum: correlation with further anomalies of the brain. AB - The MR imaging studies of 68 patients who had brain anomalies were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate specific anatomic abnormalities of the corpus callosum. The corpus callosum was abnormal in 32 (47%) of the 68 patients. Excluding patients with the Chiari I malformation, callosal anomalies were present in 30 (68%) of 44 patients. Callosal dysgenesis was most common, followed by callosal atrophy or hypoplasia and complete agenesis. The anterior commissure was present in all patients. On the basis of the known temporal sequence of brain and callosal embryogenesis, we deduced the following regarding the pathogenesis of developmental anomalies: (1) callosal dysgenesis occurs as a result of insults during the formation of its precursors, not during formation of the corpus callosum itself; (2) the Dandy-Walker malformation sometimes occurs as a result of an insult in the eighth week of gestation, several weeks later than has been generally accepted; (3) sphenoidal encephaloceles probably occur as a result of faulty disjunction of neuroectoderm and cutaneous ectoderm at the anterior neuropore; and (4) a complete but atrophic corpus callosum results from an insult to the cortex or white matter after formation of the corpus callosum is complete (18-20 weeks). Callosal anomalies, easily identified on MR, are an important indicator of additional brain anomalies. Analysis of the corpus callosum provides important information about the embryogenesis of brain anomalies and may assist in distinguishing between in utero and perinatal brain insults. PMID- 3259803 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine: surface-coil MR imaging. AB - Fifteen patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis were investigated with plain films, pluridirectional tomography, and surface-coil T1-weighted MR imaging at 500/17 (TR/TE). We evaluated the atlantodental interval; basion-dental interval; density or intensity of the dens; dens erosion; cranial settling; anterior, posterior, lateral, or rotatory atlantoaxial subluxation; subaxial subluxation; ligamentous calcification or osteophytes; erosion; cystic changes; joint-space narrowing of the apophyseal articulations; and posterior spinous process erosion. In addition, the cervicomedullary angle and the neuraxis configuration were identified on MR images. To determine its normal range, the cervicomedullary angle was measured in 50 patients whose MR studies were unrelated to the craniovertebral junction. All patients with a cervicomedullary angle less than 135 degrees had evidence of brainstem compression, cervical myelopathy, or C2 root pain. Also, all patients with cervicomedullary junction compression were neurologically abnormal. MR was found to be as good as tomography in evaluating the atlantodental interval, dens erosion, ligamentous calcification or osteophytes of the upper spine, subaxial subluxation, and various subluxations that occur in the occiput-C2 area. MR was less effective than tomography in evaluating the basion-dental interval, erosion of the posterior spinous processes, apophyseal joint disease from C3 inferiorly, and cystic changes of the articular facets of C1-C2. The most clinically important parameters were well seen with MR. The data show that MR is an excellent imaging procedure for evaluating rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine. PMID- 3259804 TI - A technique for MR-guided needle placement. PMID- 3259805 TI - New directional accordion catheter for converting a retrograde puncture into an antegrade catheter placement. PMID- 3259806 TI - Splenic trauma: false-negative CT diagnosis in cases of delayed rupture. PMID- 3259807 TI - Atypical presentation of testicular carcinoma. PMID- 3259808 TI - Blood clot causing a filling defect in duodenal bulb. PMID- 3259809 TI - Mediastinal multivesicular hydatid cyst. PMID- 3259810 TI - Gangrene associated with meningococcemia. PMID- 3259811 TI - Computer-assisted on-call scheduling. PMID- 3259812 TI - Pulmonary artery false aneurysms. PMID- 3259814 TI - The slit inferior vena cava. PMID- 3259813 TI - PACS: information and image transfer. PMID- 3259815 TI - The secondary pulmonary lobule: normal and abnormal CT appearances. AB - The secondary pulmonary lobule is a unit of lung supplied by three to five terminal bronchioles and contained by fibrous septa. High-resolution CT is able to show features of the secondary lobule, including interlobular septa, terminal bronchioles, and pulmonary arteries within a bronchiolovascular bundle. Because interstitial diseases have been shown to affect different components of the secondary lobule, high-resolution CT was used to compare the appearance of the normal secondary lobule with the abnormal secondary lobule in three patients with interstitial diseases primarily affecting lymphatic channels: lymphangitic carcinomatosis, sarcoidosis, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. In lymphangitic carcinomatosis, the bronchiolovascular bundles and interlobular septa were thicker than those seen in a normal subject. In sarcoidosis, the interlobular septa and bronchiolovascular bundles were also thicker than normal. However, fibrosis caused distortion of the normal polygonal shape of the secondary lobule, not seen in either the normal subject or the patient with lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis was characterized by multiple cysts within secondary lobules, often obliterating the normal polygonal appearance. PMID- 3259817 TI - Practical solutions to common mammographic problems: tailoring the examination. PMID- 3259816 TI - Plain chest radiograph with computed radiography: improved sensitivity for the detection of coronary artery calcification. AB - The ability of computed radiography (CR) with photostimulable phosphor to detect coronary artery calcification (CAC) was compared with conventional radiography with the film-screen method. Posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs were reviewed that had been obtained with both methods in 77 patients with a variety of heart diseases. Cineangiography confirmed that 31 patients had CAC (left CAC in 31 patients, right CAC in 11) and that 46 patients had no CAC. For left CAC, the sensitivity of CR was 71%, significantly higher than that of conventional radiography (32%, p less than .01). For right CAC, the sensitivity of CR was only 27%, but that of conventional radiography was 0%. The specificities in detecting CAC were similar for both methods (CR, 96%; conventional method, 100%). Fine anatomic details of calcified foci were seen more clearly on CR. Chest imaging with the CR system is a promising method for detecting CAC. PMID- 3259818 TI - The importance of supplementary mammographic views to diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 3259819 TI - Efficacy of specimen radiography of clinically occult noncalcified breast lesions. AB - Breast biopsy specimen radiography is required to ensure the accurate removal of clinically occult lesions discovered by mammography. Although used routinely for calcified lesions, it has not been widely accepted for those abnormalities that do not contain calcium. To determine the efficacy of film-screen specimen radiography for confirming the presence of clinically occult, noncalcified lesions, we undertook a prospective study of 104 specimen radiographs obtained after mammographically guided hookwire localization and planned excision of these lesions. Ninety-seven (93%) of the excised abnormalities were visualized on specimen mammograms. Malignancy was found in 22 (21%) of them. Thirty-five percent of the specimen radiographs showed better anatomic detail of the lesion, 48% showed the same detail, and 16% showed less detail than the original mammograms. Specimen radiographs failed to show the lesion in only seven cases. Five of the seven were true-negative specimen radiographs, making the efficacy rate 98%. Film-screen specimen radiography of clinically occult, noncalcified lesions is a highly effective procedure for correctly identifying the presence of a mammographic abnormality. PMID- 3259820 TI - The pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. AB - Reflux disease is a complex process in which different factors may contribute to the final common pathway of esophageal mucosal injury. Individual patients are heterogeneous with respect to the main determinants that contribute to the development of their symptomatic condition. Gastroesophageal reflux occurs by means of several different mechanisms that vary among patients. In many patients, resting LES tone is normal and reflux occurs via transient LES relaxations. In others with a hypotensive LES, acid reflux occurs mainly as stress of free reflux. Only this latter group is likely to exhibit barium reflux during fluoroscopy. Total esophageal exposure to acid material depends on a number of factors, including the rate of reflux, volume and potency of the refluxate, and efficacy of esophageal acid clearance. Abnormal esophageal exposure to acid refluxate depends on increased gastroesophageal reflux, delayed esophageal clearance, or both. Impaired esophageal acid clearance is generally caused by abnormal esophageal motor function that generally can be detected on barium swallow examination. PMID- 3259821 TI - Walter B. Cannon lecture. Bile, bile acids, and gallstones: will new knowledge bring new power? PMID- 3259822 TI - Herpes esophagitis: sensitivity of double-contrast esophagography. AB - During a 10-year period between 1978 and 1987, there were 25 confirmed cases of herpes esophagitis with positive esophageal brushings, biopsies, and/or cultures for the herpes simplex virus. Eighteen of those patients had double-contrast esophagrams, but two were excluded from our study because they had combined fungal and viral esophagitis. All of the remaining 16 patients were symptomatic, and 14 were immunocompromised. Herpes esophagitis was diagnosed on the original radiographic reports in nine (56%) of those 16 patients. In all nine, double contrast radiographs revealed discrete, superficial ulcers on a relatively normal background mucosa without significant plaque formation. In the remaining seven patients, double-contrast esophagrams revealed plaquelike lesions that were indistinguishable from those of Candida esophagitis (four cases), thickened folds (two cases), and a giant esophageal ulcer (one case). During the same period, herpes esophagitis was diagnosed on seven other double-contrast esophagrams in which histologic, cytologic, and virologic studies were negative for the herpes simplex virus. However, the endoscopic findings were also suspicious for herpes esophagitis in six of those cases, suggesting that they may represent true positive cases in which there was inadequate tissue sampling. Thus, our experience indicates that radiographic abnormalities can almost always be detected on double-contrast esophagrams in patients with herpes esophagitis, and in more than 50% of cases, a specific radiographic diagnosis can be made because of discrete ulcers without significant plaque formation. PMID- 3259823 TI - Is oral cholecystography still useful? PMID- 3259824 TI - Lymphadenopathy in chronic active hepatitis: CT observations. AB - CT scans were obtained in 17 patients who had biopsy-proved chronic active hepatitis in order to evaluate deteriorating liver function and clinical status. Lymphadenopathy in the porta hepatis and/or retroperitoneum was found in 11 patients (65%), and this was the only CT indication of significant hepatic disease in six patients (35%). In three of five patients who subsequently underwent immunosuppressive therapy, serial biopsy, and CT scanning, clinical and histologic improvement in the condition of the liver were accompanied by a reduction in lymph-node size on CT. These findings suggest that abdominal adenopathy is a frequent CT finding in patients who have chronic active hepatitis and might be a useful marker in monitoring immunotherapy. PMID- 3259825 TI - Differentiation of hepatic metastases from hepatic hemangiomas and cysts by using MR imaging. AB - T1-weighted and T2-weighted pulse sequences were employed for MR imaging of hepatic metastatic tumors (98 patients), hemangiomas (24 patients), and cysts (seven patients); a 0.6-T superconducting magnet was used. In a retrospective study, signal intensity and morphology were used to establish criteria for differentiating metastases from hemangiomas and cysts. The signal intensity of the lesion alone failed to be an etiologic discriminator because over 96% of all masses had a signal intensity less than that of liver on T1-weighted sequences, and at least 90% had a signal intensity greater than that of liver on T2-weighted sequences. Morphologic features depicted on T2-weighted images were more specific than those depicted on T1-weighted images in differential diagnosis. Amorphous, target, and halo signs and a change in morphology were present only in metastatic disease, with a frequency of 45%, 27%, 13%, and 12%, respectively. Two other morphologic patterns--doughnut and lightbulb signs--were found to have overlapping causes. Overall, at least one of the specific signs was observed in 92% of patients with metastatic disease. These data suggest that T2-weighted pulse sequences are essential for discriminating between hepatic metastases and hepatic hemangiomas and cysts. MR imaging is a promising technique for distinguishing these lesions. PMID- 3259826 TI - Differentiation between small benign and malignant adrenal masses with dynamic incremented CT. AB - Contrast-enhanced dynamic incremented CT scans in 37 patients with 44 small adrenal masses (28 benign and 16 malignant) were reviewed by two observers unaware of the histologic diagnosis to determine if applying morphologic criteria could help differentiate small benign adrenal masses from malignant adrenal masses. Only lesions smaller than 5 cm with diagnoses confirmed by histology (12 masses) or follow-up (32 masses) were included. Features evaluated to suggest a benign diagnosis were homogeneous low attenuation, possibly with punctate contrast enhancement; an enlarged gland (adrenal configuration maintained); a thin or absent rim; round or oval shape with sharp margins; and diffusely homogeneous attenuation about equal to or greater than that of muscle. Features studied to suggest a malignant diagnosis were a thick enhancing rim, invasion of adjacent structures, irregular or poorly defined margins, and inhomogeneous attenuation. Both observers' diagnoses of benign vs malignant lesions with CT criteria were highly statistically significant. The positive predictive value of a benign diagnosis was 100% for both observers and of a malignant diagnosis was 82% and 62% for the two observers. Evaluated singly, all but three diagnostic criteria were statistically significant in differentiating lesions for both observers; the other three criteria were present in a smaller percentage of patients, but nevertheless had positive predictive values for benignancy of 89 100%. We conclude that experienced observers who use CT criteria can often discriminate accurately between benign and malignant small adrenal masses and, in particular, minimize the number of false-negative diagnoses of adrenal metastases. If these results are confirmed and refined by prospective studies, aggressive diagnostic evaluation can be eliminated in some patients with benign adrenal lesions. PMID- 3259827 TI - Effect of maintenance oral theophylline on dipyridamole-thallium-201 myocardial imaging using SPECT and dipyridamole-induced hemodynamic changes. AB - To evaluate the effect of maintenance oral theophylline therapy on the diagnostic efficacy of dipyridamole-thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging for coronary artery disease, dipyridamole-thallium-201 SPECT imaging was performed in eight men with documented coronary artery disease before initiation of theophylline treatment and repeated while these patients were receiving therapeutic doses of oral theophylline. Before theophylline treatment, intravenous dipyridamole caused a significant increase in heart rate, decrease in blood pressure, angina in seven of eight patients, and ST segment depression in four of eight patients. While they were being treated with theophylline, none of the patients had angina or ST segment depression, and there were no hemodynamic changes with intravenous dipyridamole. Before theophylline treatment, dipyridamole-thallium-201 SPECT imaging showed reversible perfusion defects in myocardial segments supplied by stenotic coronary arteries. With theophylline treatment, dipyridamole-thallium-201 SPECT showed total absence of reversible perfusion defects. Treatment with theophylline markedly reduced the diagnostic accuracy of dipyridamole-thallium-201 imaging for coronary artery disease. PMID- 3259828 TI - Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with natural killer cell deficiency. PMID- 3259829 TI - A cross-sectional study of pulmonary function in carbon black workers in the United States. AB - Since a proportion of airborne carbon black particles is of respirable size, the possibility that it may affect pulmonary function was investigated in 913 employees of 6 carbon black producers in the United States. Exposure was estimated by combining the mean total dust exposures of each job category with the length of time workers had spent in each job, giving a measurement expressed in mg/m3.months. Pulmonary function was measured by spirometry. The major variables affecting pulmonary function were age and cigarette smoking. When the effects of age and smoking were controlled in an age-specific, two-way analysis of variance, no consistent effects of total dust exposure were detectable in these workers. This study provided no evidence that exposure to total dust under the conditions pertaining in the contemporary carbon black industry had detrimental effects on the pulmonary function of men employed in the production and handling of this product. PMID- 3259830 TI - F-18 deoxyglucose and stress N-13 ammonia positron emission tomography in anterior wall healed myocardial infarction. AB - To evaluate myocardial blood flow and glucose utilization, N-13 ammonia (NH3) and F-18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning was performed in 22 patients with previous anterior wall myocardial infarction, using a high resolution, multi-slice, whole-body scanner. The N-13 ammonia study was performed at rest and after exercise. The F-18 deoxyglucose study was performed at rest after fasting greater than 5 hours. The N-13 ammonia study revealed a hypoperfused area in 19 of the 22 patients (86%), that corresponded to the infarcted regions as diagnosed by electrocardiography, coronary arteriography and left ventriculography (21 patients). The hypoperfused areas expanded after exercise in 16 of 22 patients (73%). F-18 deoxyglucose uptake was observed in these hypoperfused areas, especially in patients with hypokinetic wall motion on left ventriculography and in exercise-induced hypoperfused areas. However, positron emission tomography demonstrated diffuse uptake of F-18 deoxyglucose in 3 of 8 patients with dyskinetic wall motion. Thus, metabolically active myocardium in infarcted areas or periinfarct ischemia can be visualized with F-18 deoxyglucose and stress N-13 ammonia studies. PMID- 3259831 TI - Comparison of effects of medical and surgical therapy on survival in severe angina pectoris and two-vessel coronary artery disease with and without left ventricular dysfunction: a Coronary Artery Surgery Study Registry Study. AB - This nonrandomized study compared the results of early coronary artery bypass grafting to those of initial medical therapy in a group of 2,023 patients with severe angina pectoris and 2 major epicardial coronary arteries having greater than or equal to 70% diameter luminal narrowing. Medical therapy was selected for 706 patients, and 1,317 patients were treated by coronary artery bypass grafting. The 6-year survival rate was 76% for patients treated medically and 89% for patients treated surgically (p less than 0.0001). Cox multivariate analysis showed that surgical treatment was a beneficial independent predictor of survival (p less than 0.001). For patients with 2-vessel coronary artery disease who had Canadian Heart Association class III and IV angina at presentation, surgical therapy provided a survival advantage for patients with impaired left ventricular function and proximal narrowing of 1 or more coronary arteries. PMID- 3259832 TI - The effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on left ventricular systolic function at rest: evidence for preoperative subclinical myocardial ischemia. AB - Successful coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improves exercise-induced left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but its potential for improving resting LV function remains controversial. To assess the influence of CABG on LV function at rest, 31 CAD patients without previous myocardial infarction were studied before and 6 months after CABG by radionuclide angiography after all cardiac medicines were withdrawn. No patient had angina or ischemic electrocardiographic changes at rest. In 27 patients with patent bypass grafts, CABG significantly increased LV ejection fraction during exercise (47 +/- 11% before to 63 +/- 9% after operation, p less than 0.001), indicating reduction in exercise-induced LV ischemia. Moreover, LV ejection fraction at rest also increased (55 +/- 9 to 60 +/- 8%, p less than 0.001), with 20 of 27 patients manifesting an increase compared with preoperative values. Eleven of these 20 patients had apparently normal LV function at rest (ejection fraction and regional wall motion) before CABG. LV regional ejection fraction was computed by dividing the LV region of interest into 20 sectors. Regional analysis indicated that improved ejection fraction at rest after CABG occurred in regions developing ischemia during exercise before CABG. In 4 patients with occluded grafts, the ejection fraction at rest was unchanged by CABG globally (59 +/- 8 to 58 +/- 9%, difference not significant) and regionally. Thus, LV global and regional function at rest improved after successful CABG, even in patients with normal global LV ejection fraction and no visually detectable wall motion abnormality before surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259834 TI - Correlation between size of esophageal varices and risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage: clinical and esophagoscopic study. PMID- 3259833 TI - Familial clustering of scleroderma spectrum disease. AB - This is the second case report of familial scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) in South Carolina. The family includes two cases of scleroderma meeting American Rheumatism Association criteria, one of systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma, and two other cases of undifferentiated connective tissue disease with features of scleroderma spectrum disorders; there are also two cases of Raynaud's phenomenon (one associated with rheumatoid arthritis), for a total of seven affected relatives. Evidence of scleroderma spectrum disorders was sought in six siblings of the two co-index cases and in 23 of the 35 offspring. Laboratory studies included antinuclear antibody determinations and typing for the following genetic markers: HLA (A, B, C, DR), complotypes, Gm and Km allotypes, and alpha-1 antitrypsin phenotypes. No common genetic markers restricted to affected members of this family were found, and no environmental exposures were detected that could explain this familial clustering of cases. This report should, however, add to the slowly accumulating information on the genetic characteristics of families at unusually high risk for scleroderma spectrum disorders. Positive antinuclear antibody tests at a titer of 1/40 or higher were present in 57 percent of the first-degree relatives of the affected cases. PMID- 3259835 TI - CASS in retrospect: lessons from the randomized cohort and registry. Coronary Artery Surgery Study. AB - The Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) was a prospective, randomized evaluation of the value of coronary artery bypass grafting compared with medical therapy for stable, mildly symptomatic coronary artery disease. Also, the CASS registry collected clinic information and follow-up data from 24,959 nonconsecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization from 1974 to 1979. CASS has had a major impact on current management of the coronary disease patient and represents an important contribution to the cardiovascular knowledge base. Despite the large size and valuable contributions of CASS, its findings have been widely misinterpreted, especially regarding indications for coronary artery bypass surgery. This review examines CASS from the viewpoint of its methodology and some of its many published reports. A full understanding of CASS is requisite to avoid clinical misapplication of the findings of this study. PMID- 3259836 TI - A familial study of the inheritance of HLA-B27-positive acute anterior uveitis. AB - To determine whether factors besides HLA-B27 play a pathogenic role in acute anterior uveitis, we examined 152 first-degree relatives of 42 randomly selected HLA-B27-positive acute anterior uveitis patients. Nine relatives, all from different families, had acute anterior uveitis: eight were HLA-B27 positive and one was HLA-B27 negative. The prevalence of acute anterior uveitis in HLA-B27 positive first-degree relatives of HLA-B27-positive acute anterior uveitis patients was 13% (eight of 63). This is significantly more (P less than .0001) than the frequency of 1% in the normal HLA-B27-positive Dutch population. Ankylosing spondylitis was found in four of 38 (11%) HLA-B27-positive family members over the age of 45 years. This is also significantly more than the prevalence of 1% in a normal HLA-B27-positive Dutch population. Of these four relatives with ankylosing spondylitis, three also had acute anterior uveitis. It was remarkable that two of these four relatives had a proband who had no ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 3259837 TI - Immunopathologic study of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. AB - We studied an enucleated eye from a patient with a 30-year history of Vogt Koyanagi-Harada syndrome using both conventional and immunohistochemical techniques. Clinically, the eye was in the end stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, and was characterized by the absence of inflammation, large areas of chorioretinal scarring, and pigmentary changes. Histopathologic examination showed marked retinal gliosis, extensive chorioretinal adhesion and scar formation, migration of pigment into the retina, and severe retinal pigment epithelial changes. However, foci of mild to moderate nongranulomatous inflammation of the uvea were observed. These foci contained infiltrating cells that were mainly T lymphocytes with B lymphocyte aggregates at the center. Scattered macrophages were also noted in the uvea and retina. These findings suggest that both the cell-mediated and humoral immune arms may play roles in the pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. PMID- 3259838 TI - Identification of polarity in FM 100-Hue plots: a comparison of methods. AB - Several methods which have been proposed to aid the identification of polarity in Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100-Hue test plots are described. The assumptions which underlie one type of method are discussed and problems identified. Two methods are taken as representative of the two types of analysis and their performance compared on plots from congenital and acquired color defectives. The key difference between the two methods and the types of method which they represent lies in the imposition of symmetry on the plot. From the performance of 200 diabetic subjects, the problems created by the presence of monopolar plots, plots with unequal magnitudes of errors in the two poles of bipolar plots, and plots in which the two poles are not diametrically opposite are highlighted. It is concluded that the simpler type of analysis is sufficient and retains more information. PMID- 3259839 TI - Characterization of folate uptake in guinea pig placenta. AB - Trophoblast uptake of folate and methotrexate (MTX) was investigated in an in situ or dually perfused (maternal and fetal side) guinea pig placenta by using a single-circulation, paired-tracer technique. For [3H]folate, uptake into trophoblast was rapid (s), high (60-80%) and Na+ independent, and exhibited negligible efflux on both poles of placenta. [3H]folate uptake could be inhibited by folate or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (CH3THF) but not by equimolar (0.1 microM) MTX, folinic acid, aminopterin, trimoprim, or adenine when these compounds were present in perfusate. Inhibitory effect of folate was time dependent, and its complete reversal by folate-free perfusion required up to 20 min. This suggests the presence of a high-affinity folate carrier that exhibits a slow rate of self exchange. A sudden (bolus) increase of 10 microM folate of CH3THF caused a 70-80% inhibition of [3H]folate uptake, whereas folinic acid, MTX, and trimoprim were two- to threefold less effective. [3H]folate uptake was insensitive to DIDS, SITS, nicotine, ethanol, or phenytoin. For [3H]MTX, uptake was high (60-80%) on both sides of trophoblast, however, as distinct from [3H]folate, rapid and complete efflux followed the initial uptake. [3H]MTX uptake was not inhibited by 0.1 microM MTX, but equimolar folate or CH3THF were highly effective (90%) inhibitors; higher concentration (1 microM) of MTX reduced [3H]MTX uptake by 58%. Transplacental transfer of [3H]folate or [3H]MTX in excess of the leak pathway marker in either direction was not observed. Inhibition obtained by highly concentrated substrate bolus injections indicates saturation (less than 2 microM) of membrane folate carrier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259840 TI - Sarcomere length and joint kinematics during torque production in frog hindlimb. AB - The relationship between semitendinosus muscle force and knee joint kinematics during isometric torque production was examined in the frog (Rana pipiens) hindlimb. Passive muscle sarcomere length was monitored by laser diffraction during knee rotation, and joint center of rotation was determined later using principles of rigid body kinematics. Contractile force at the distal tibia, resulting from semitendinosus contraction, was also measured, and, using the kinematic data, a torque vs. joint angle curve constructed. Muscle sarcomere length varied from 3.6 micron at full knee extension to 2.0 micron at full knee flexion. Effective lever arm varied almost as a sine function, with optimal lever arm at 90 degrees of flexion. Joint torque increased linearly from 0 to 140 degrees of flexion and then sharply decreased to 160 degrees of flexion. Thus the optimal joint angle occurred at an angle (140 degrees) that was neither the angle at which muscle force was maximum (160 degrees) nor the angle at which the effective lever arm was maximum (90 degrees). These data indicate that knee torque production in the frog results from the interaction between muscular and joint properties and not either property alone. PMID- 3259841 TI - Muscle force and moment arm contributions to torque production in frog hindlimb. AB - The relative contribution of maximum muscle tetanic tension (Po) and muscle moment arm to maximum knee flexion torque was investigated in the frog hindlimb. Isometric torque was measured in frog semitendinosus muscle-bone complexes throughout the range of 0-160 degrees of flexion. Optimal joint angle (the angle at which isometric torque was maximum) was observed at 140 degrees of flexion. After torque measurements, the muscle was excised and the muscle length-tension relationship measured for determination of Po and optimal muscle length. In addition, the kinematics of the knee joint and therefore, the muscle moment arm was measured as a function of joint angle using principles of rigid body kinematics. Stepwise linear regression indicated that maximum torque was most highly correlated with Po (r = +0.77, P less than 0.01) and accounted for approximately 75% of the measured torque. In addition, there was no significant correlation between maximum torque and maximum muscle moment arm (r = +0.11, P greater than 0.7) suggesting that muscle force, not musculoskeletal anatomy, represents the major determinant of maximum torque production in the frog hindlimb. PMID- 3259842 TI - Calcitonin and CGRP inhibit gastrointestinal transit via distinct neuronal pathways. AB - This study compares the central nervous system effects of rat calcitonin and rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on gastrointestinal transit in freely moving rats. Calcitonin and CGRP (0.01-1.0 nmol) injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle significantly inhibited gastric emptying and small bowel transit but did not affect large bowel transit. These biological actions were abolished by ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine but not by noradrenergic blockade with bretylium. Truncal vagotomy abolished the inhibitory effects of CGRP but not those of calcitonin. Neither adrenalectomy nor hypophysectomy prevented the inhibitory actions of calcitonin and CGRP on gastric emptying and small bowel transit. Intraperitoneal administration of calcitonin and CGRP (1 nmol) produced inhibition of gastric emptying only, and this was not abolished by ganglionic blockade. These results indicate that calcitonin and CGRP exhibit similar central nervous system effects, producing inhibition of gastric emptying and small bowel transit but not altering large bowel transit. Calcitonin inhibits gastrointestinal transit via nonvagal, nonnoradrenergic autonomic efferents, yet CGRP inhibits gastrointestinal transit via vagal efferent fibers. PMID- 3259843 TI - [Excretion of catecholamines in the urine and serotonin levels of the blood during anesthesia in labor using the methods of reflexotherapy]. PMID- 3259845 TI - [Clinical value of assessing the reaction of the hemostatic system to pathological blood loss in the placental and early puerperal periods]. PMID- 3259844 TI - [State of the cholinergic system in the first stage of labor during nonpharmacologic analgesia]. PMID- 3259846 TI - Continuous infusion of propofol. PMID- 3259848 TI - Prevalence of hepatitis B markers in outpatients of a chemotherapy-oncology clinic. PMID- 3259847 TI - Mechanisms of enhanced canine subendocardial perfusion. A comparison of adenosine triphosphate and sodium nitroprusside. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to determine the effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and sodium nitroprusside, two compounds used to produce controlled hypotension during surgery, on regional myocardial blood flow. Intracoronary drug infusions in open chest, anesthetized dogs were used to study the direct actions of these agents on the coronary circulation as well as to avoid systemic hemodynamic effects. The actions of the endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilators, ATP and nitroprusside, respectively, were studied before and after administration of quinacrine (an inhibitor of phospholipase A2), which blocks formation and/or release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Both vasodilators produced significant increases in transmural blood flow of the drug-perfused zone. Only ATP, the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, altered the distribution of myocardial blood flow. Perfusion to the subendocardium was preferentially increased by ATP, resulting in an increase in the subendocardial-to-subepicardial flow ratio. Quinacrine markedly inhibited the increase in endo/epi produced by ATP without changing total flow. These data suggest that ATP increases total coronary blood flow by a mechanism that is independent of EDRF, but the selective redistribution of blood flow to the subendocardium is dependent on EDRF. Nitroprusside, an endothelium-independent vasodilator, produces no redistribution of myocardial blood flow. PMID- 3259849 TI - Establishment of equine T-lymphocyte cultures dependent on recombinant human interleukin-2. AB - Long-term equine lymphocyte cultures were initiated and maintained in continuous culture with medium containing recombinant human interleukin-2. Cultures were successfully maintained with lectin activation signals and recombinant human interleukin-2 or with recombinant human interleukin-2 alone. All cell cultures that were characterized had a T-lymphocyte phenotype and had lectin-dependent or independent cytotoxicity directed to various cell types. These findings demonstrate that long-term equine T-lymphocytes cultures can be initiated and maintained easily. PMID- 3259850 TI - Effects of calcium "antagonists" on vertebrate skeletal muscle cells. AB - Clinically potent skeletal muscle relaxants are used primarily for their effects on the central nervous system. But they also have direct effects on muscle contraction that possibly involve Ca2+ channels. We compared the effects of dantrolene, an agent known to have a direct action on vertebrate skeletal muscle, with other substances used as (1) relaxants and (2) antagonists of Ca-dependent excitation-contraction coupling. Isolated intact frog muscle cells were injected with the photoprotein aequorin, and membrane potential changes, intracellular Ca2+ transients, and contractile force were measured. Dantrolene (10(-8) to 10( 5) M) decreased the amplitude of Ca2+ transients, did not affect their rates of decay, and reduced contractile force. We also used an integrated digital-imaging system to record microscopic changes, namely, active shortening in myofibrils and changes in striation spacing. Dantrolene did not increase the time between contraction in myofibrils near the surface compared with myofibrils near the center of a cell. Hence dantrolene does not suppress Ca2+ transients by disturbing current flow in the transverse tubular system. Each of the following actually increased Ca2+ transients and contractile force evoked by action potentials: baclofen (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) less than flordipine (10(-6) M) less than meprobamate (10(-7) to 10(-3) M) less than chlordiazepoxide (10(-5) X 10(-4) M) less than procaine (10(-5) to 5 X 10(-4] less than GABA (10(-5) M) less than D 600 (10(-6) M) less than nylidrin (10(-5) M)--in order of increasing potency. Ca2+ channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of intact skeletal muscle are evidently inhibited by dantrolene but not by Ca2+ antagonists. PMID- 3259851 TI - Dysphonia caused by Forestier's disease. AB - A case of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier's disease) causing dysphonia as the presenting and only symptom is reported. The dysphonia is attributed to the mass effect in the hypopharynx and the mild pressure on the larynx. The bony mass anterior to the vertebral body is demonstrated by CT scan for the first time in the literature on Forestier's disease. PMID- 3259852 TI - Increases in both cerebral glucose utilization and blood flow during execution of a somatosensory task. AB - To investigate local metabolic and hemodynamic interrelationships during functional activation of the brain, paired studies of local cerebral glucose utilization (lCMRGlc) and blood flow (lCBF) were carried out in 10 normal subjects (9 right-handed, 1 ambidextrous) at rest and during a unilateral discriminative somatosensory/motor task--palpation and sorting of mah-jongg tiles by engraved design. The extent of activation was assessed on the basis of percentage difference images following normalization to compensate for global shifts. The somatosensory stimulus elevated lCMRGlc by 16.9 +/- 3.5% (mean +/- standard deviation) and lCBF by 26.5 +/- 5.1% in the contralateral sensorimotor cortical focus; smaller increments were noted in the homologous ipsilateral site. The increments of lCMRGlc and lCBF correlated poorly with one another in individual subjects. Stimulation of the right hand resulted in significantly higher contralateral lCMRGlc activation (19.6%) than did stimulation of the left hand (14.1%) (p less than 0.005), whereas the lCBF response was independent of the hand stimulated. Our results indicate that both glycolytic metabolism and blood flow increase locally with the execution of an active sensorimotor task and suggest that both measures may serve as reliable markers of functional activation of the normal brain. PMID- 3259853 TI - Cerebellar and brainstem hypometabolism in olivopontocerebellar atrophy detected with positron emission tomography. AB - We studied local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (1CMRglc) with 18F-2-fluoro 2-deoxy-D-glucose and positron emission tomography (PET) in 30 patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and 30 age-matched control subjects without neurological disease. The diagnosis of OPCA was based on the history and physical findings and on the exclusion of other causes of cerebellar ataxia by means of laboratory investigations. Computed tomographic scans revealed some degree of atrophy of the cerebellum in most patients with OPCA, and many also had atrophy of the brainstem. PET studies in these patients revealed significant hypometabolism in the cerebellar hemispheres, cerebellar vermis, and brainstem in comparison with the normal control subjects. A significant relationship was found between the degree of atrophy and the level of 1CMRglc in the cerebellum and brainstem. Nevertheless, several patients had minimal atrophy and substantially reduced 1CMRglc, suggesting that atrophy does not fully account for the finding of hypometabolism. 1CMRglc was within normal limits for the thalamus and cerebral cortex. The data suggest that PET/1CMRglc may be useful as a diagnostic test in patients with the adult onset of cerebellar ataxia. PMID- 3259854 TI - Aminoglycoside binding sites in the inner ears of guinea pigs. AB - With [125I]gentamicin as radioligand, the presence of aminoglycoside binding sites and kinetics of gentamicin binding to homogenates of organs of Corti, vestibular maculae, livers, spleens, and hearts of guinea pigs were investigated. The effects of temperature, osmolarity, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and digitonin on gentamicin binding were assessed. The affinities of several aminoglycosides for binding sites were tested. Gentamicin bound to cochlear and vestibular structures in a rapid and saturable fashion at a single class of noninteracting binding sites with Kds of 1.2.10(-6) and 3.10(-7) M and maximal binding capacities of 1.3 nmol and 43 pmol/mg of protein, respectively. In the liver, spleen, and heart, binding remained low and appeared to be nonspecific. In the organ of Corti, gentamicin uptake was unaffected by alterations in temperature or medium osmolarity or by 2,4-dinitrophenol, indicating that the uptake represented binding and not active transport. Digitonin at 10 nM increased markedly the uptake at 37 and 4 degrees C, suggesting the presence of internal binding sites. Various aminoglycosides compete for a common binding site. PMID- 3259855 TI - Haemophilus influenzae penicillin-binding proteins 1a and 3 possess distinct and opposite temperature-modulated penicillin-binding activities. AB - Upon investigation of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in Haemophilus influenzae strains, five H. influenzae and seven other Haemophilus strains were tested for whole-cell penicillin binding at either 37 or 42 degrees C. Binding of [35S]penicillin G to H. influenzae PBPs 3a and 3b was drastically reduced at 42 degrees C, while PBP 1a showed a temperature-modulated increase in penicillin binding. Further investigation revealed that growth at 42 degrees C causes altered electrophoretic mobility of PBP 3a on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and that cell labeling performed at 42 degrees C showed the differential penicillin binding to target proteins. All Haemophilus spp. tested showed a similar temperature modulation of penicillin binding. Growth measurement and cell viability studies performed at 42 degrees C permitted correlation of PBP 3 temperature sensitivity to H. influenzae resistance to moxalactam at 42 degrees C, and the probable correlation of PBP 1a increased penicillin binding to the more rapid antibacterial activity of penicillin G against H. influenzae at 42 degrees C. Microscopic examination of Haemophilus cells grown at 42 degrees C revealed filamentous cell formation, supporting a role of PBP 3 in the septation process. Results of this study demonstrate that wild-type H. influenzae strains (and possibly all other Haemophilus spp.) possess PBPs 1a and 3, which have distinct and opposite temperature-modulated penicillin binding activities. PMID- 3259856 TI - Pharmacokinetic advantages of erythromycin estolate over ethylsuccinate as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - The pharmacokinetics of erythromycin estolate (500 mg) and erythromycin ethylsuccinate (600 mg) were compared in 12 healthy volunteers after single doses and after repeated oral doses (every 8 h). High-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used to determine concentrations in plasma and urine of estolate, ethylsuccinate, and erythromycin base. The maximum concentration of drug in the serum, the half-life, and the area under the curve for erythromycin estolate were significantly greater than those of erythromycin ethylsuccinate after both regimens. After single and multiple doses, the respective areas under the curve of erythromycin base generated by estolate formulation were 3 and 1.6 times greater (P less than 0.05) than those of ethylsuccinate. The lower percentage of hydrolysis of erythromycin estolate (41 versus 69%) combined with its longer half-life (5.47 versus 2.72 h) and its larger area under the curve (30.61 versus 4.68 micrograms/h/ml, after multiple doses) could explain these differences. This study underscores the need for a specific high-pressure liquid chromatography assay and the importance of wide variability, rate-limited processes, changes with multiple doses, and the appearance of a second peak when one studies the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin esters. The pharmacokinetic data presented in this study reinforce the clinical advantages of erythromycin estolate over erythromycin ethylsuccinate. PMID- 3259857 TI - Selective inhibition of histidine-modified pancreatic alpha-amylase by proteinaceous inhibitor from Phaseolus vulgaris. AB - Chemical modification of two histidine residues of porcine pancreatic alpha amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) by diethyl pyrocarbonate in the presence of a high concentration of maltotriose caused a decrease of amylase activity and an increase of maltosidase activity (hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-maltoside). By binding a proteinaceous inhibitor from Phaseolus vulgaris (white kidney bean) with the modified enzyme, the amylase activity was further decreased but the maltosidase activity was retained to about 100% that of the native enzyme. Both amylase and maltosidase activities of the native enzyme were almost completely inhibited by the proteinaceous inhibitor. The increase of maltosidase activity by histidine modification was due to an increase of kcat, whereas the Km value was not changed; but binding of the proteinous inhibitor affected mainly the Km value of the modified enzyme. PMID- 3259858 TI - Human liver microsomal steroid metabolism: identification of the major microsomal steroid hormone 6 beta-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 enzyme. AB - Cytochrome P-450-dependent steroid hormone metabolism was studied in isolated human liver microsomal fractions. 6 beta hydroxylation was shown to be the major route of NADPH-dependent oxidative metabolism (greater than or equal to 75% of total hydroxylated metabolites) with each of three steroid substrates, testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone. With testosterone, 2 beta and 15 beta hydroxylation also occurred, proceeding at approximately 10% and 3-4% the rate of microsomal 6 beta hydroxylation, respectively, in each of the liver samples examined. Rates for the three steroid 6 beta-hydroxylase activities were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.95-0.97 for 25 individual microsomal preparations), suggesting that a single human liver P-450 enzyme is the principal microsomal 6 beta-hydroxylase catalyst with all three steroid substrates. Steroid 6 beta-hydroxylase rates correlated well with the specific content of human P 450NF (r = 0.69-0.83) and with its associated nifedipine oxidase activity (r = 0.80), but not with the rates for debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase, phenacetin O deethylase, or S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase activities or the specific contents of their respective associated P-450 forms in these same liver microsomes (r less than 0.2). These correlative observations were supported by the selective inhibition of human liver microsomal 6 beta hydroxylation by antibody raised to either human P-450NF or a rat homolog, P-450 PB-2a. Anti-P-450NF also inhibited human microsomal testosterone 2 beta and 15 beta hydroxylation in parallel to the 6 beta-hydroxylation reaction. This antibody also inhibited rat P-450 2a dependent steroid hormone 6 beta hydroxylation in uninduced adult male rat liver microsomes but not the steroid 2 alpha, 16 alpha, or 7 alpha hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by other rat P-450 forms. Finally, steroid 6 beta hydroxylation catalyzed by either human or rat liver microsomes was selectively inhibited by NADPH-dependent complexation of the macrolide antibiotic triacetyloleandomycin, a reaction that is characteristic of members of the P 450NF gene subfamily (P-450 IIIA subfamily). These observations establish that P 450NF or a closely related enzyme is the major catalyst of steroid hormone 6 beta hydroxylation in human liver microsomes, and furthermore suggest that steroid 6 beta hydroxylation may provide a useful, noninvasive monitor for the monooxygenase activity of this hepatic P-450 form. PMID- 3259860 TI - Changing management of carotid stenosis in coronary artery surgery patients. PMID- 3259859 TI - Management of variceal bleeding in patients with noncirrhotic portal vein thrombosis. AB - Since 1971, 70 patients have been seen at Emory University Hospital with gastroesophageal varices secondary to extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Thirty-seven of these patients had had prior major operative therapy. In only three patients (8%) was shunt surgery successful, and there was a high incidence of rebleeding, other morbidity, and mortality. Of especial note are the serious consequences of simple splenectomy; splenomegaly and thrombycytopenia should rarely, if ever, be used as indication for splenectomy in portal hypertension. In 1977, the use of selective distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) was begun at Emory in this population and a selective shunt has been possible in 24 of 29 patients (83%) who had had no prior operative therapy. Results have been excellent with a greater than 90% patency rate, long-term portal perfusion in all, no encephalopathy, and late rebleeding in one patient. Quantitative studies at 3-6 years show stability of liver function, significant decrease in spleen size, and rise in platelet count. However, long-term follow-up (greater than 15 years) is required in PVT patients before definitive assessment can be obtained. A specific problem of the PVT patient is late shunt stenosis which requires close observation; dilatation of the shunt was performed in six of the 24 patients with a patent shunt. Poor results with non-shunt operative procedures in PVT were again documented. The proper role of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy is not yet clear, but appears to be an excellent addition to the therapeutic options. In conclusion, for patients with a patent splenic vein, initial therapy should be a selective shunt; for patients without a patent splenic venous system, endoscopic sclerotherapy is the procedure of choice. PMID- 3259861 TI - Early and late results in patients with carotid disease undergoing myocardial revascularization. AB - A ten-year review of 1,360 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by the same surgeon was undertaken. Sixty-two patients with symptoms of coronary artery insufficiency underwent carotid endarterectomy prior to or at the time of CABG (Group I). Ninety-seven patients had asymptomatic carotid bruits but did not undergo carotid endarterectomy (Group II). Sixty of these patients were studied by ultrasonic duplex scanning or ocular pneumoplethysmography or both, and hemodynamically significant stenosis was detected in 50 (Group IIa). Group III included 80 patients without carotid artery disease matched with Group II for sex, age, and clinical status. Group IV consisted of 200 patients without carotid artery disease randomly selected from our series. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 120 months (median, 41 months). In patients with proven carotid artery disease (Groups I and IIa), operative mortality was greater than in the patients randomly selected (Group IV) (p less than 0.05) but similar to that in the matched Group III. Late neurological deficits were greater in patients with carotid disease not undergoing carotid endarterectomy (p less than 0.01). Patients with carotid artery disease had lower survival than Group IV patients (p less than 0.01) but similar survival to that in the matched Group III. This study suggests that (1) asymptomatic patients with carotid artery disease who undergo CABG are not at increased risk of perioperative stroke; (2) these same patients are at increased risk of late neurological deficit; and (3) carotid artery disease is an indirect sign of severe associated disease and therefore is associated with increased operative mortality and decreased life expectancy. PMID- 3259862 TI - Paced skeletal muscle for dynamic cardiomyoplasty. AB - Four patients, each with a history of myocardial infarction and diffuse coronary artery disease, underwent application of left latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle with intact neurovascular bundle to the anterolateral wall of the left ventricle. The muscle was conditioned over a six-week period subsequent to operation in 3 patients and was conditioned preoperatively with a burst stimulus in the fourth. Biopsy specimens confirm the experimental data that human skeletal muscle can be electrically conditioned over a six- to ten-week period to contain mainly fatigue resistant type I fibers. All patients survived the procedure, and 3 showed improvement secondary to aneurysmectomy. In Patient 1, a modified resection was performed, and at 28 months after operation, at the 75-W level of exercise, the ejection fraction was 54% paced versus 45% nonpaced. In Patient 2, at 12 months, the ejection fraction at rest was 44% paced versus 30% nonpaced. Doppler echo studies confirmed the presence of the flap and its function in the paced and nonpaced mode. The third patient died of a sudden ventricular arrhythmia 2 months following operation. An infected, nonfunctioning, degenerated flap was found at autopsy. Patient 4 did not have an aneurysm. She received a bypass graft to the right coronary artery and underwent cardiomyopexy in an attempt to relieve medically refractory incapacitating chronic congestive heart failure. Ten months postoperatively, ejection fraction at rest was 33% paced versus 25% nonpaced. Constrictive myopathy has not been encountered in any of these patients. PMID- 3259863 TI - The muscle-powered dual-chamber counterpulsator: rheologically superior implantable cardiac assist device. AB - To enable long-term studies of a totally implantable cardiac assist device powered by transformed fatigue-resistant skeletal muscle, we developed a dual chamber extraaortic counterpulsator implanted, 2 of which fluid for power transfer. Six dogs had our dual-chamber extraaortic counterpulsator implanted, 2 of which had undergone prior transformation of their latissimus dorsi muscle. The blood pump, with a Dacron graft at each end, was anastomosed end-to-side and parallel to the thoracic aorta, allowing continuous blood flow to minimize thrombus formation caused by stasis and turbulence. The blood pump was powered by a hydraulic bulb placed beneath the latissimus dorsi muscle. The latissimus dorsi muscle was stimulated to contract during diastole using a synchronized burst electrical stimulator. The ratio of diastolic pressure time product over systolic time tension index, which reflects the myocardial oxygen supply and demand ratio, was calculated from ascending aortic pressure tracings. A consistent increase in this ratio of 44% in 4 dogs with nontransformed latissimus dorsi muscle and of 70% in 2 dogs with transformed latissimus dorsi muscle was obtained when the device was activated. Preliminary chronic implantation studies using a Medtronic cardiomyostimulator (Model SP1005) as the burst stimulator for our dual-chamber extraaortic counterpulsator produced an average augmentation in aortic diastolic pressure of 34 mm Hg for up to six days. Our results indicate that, with further refinement of this device, a long-term totally implantable cardiac assist device powered by endogenous skeletal muscle will be feasible. PMID- 3259865 TI - Brain dopamine receptors in schizophrenia: PET problems. PMID- 3259864 TI - [Isolation of 5-benzyl hydroxytryptophan enantiomers by using microbial aminoacylase]. AB - The process of asymmetric deacylation of an acetyl derivative of 5-benzyl hydroxytryptophan racemate in the presence of native microbial aminoacylase was studied. The effect of pH, temperature, concentration of the enzyme and substrate were investigated. Conditions for preparation and isolation of individual amino acids were defined by optimization of N-Ac-DU-5-BOT hydrolysis. PMID- 3259866 TI - Efficacy of neuromuscular stimulation of the quadriceps femoris during continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty. AB - The effect of neuromuscular stimulation of the quadriceps femoris combined with continuous passive motion (CPM) on the active extension range of motion and force of patients with total knee arthroplasty was investigated. The experimental group received three one-hour periods of electric stimulation per day in the extension cycle of the continuous passive motion. The control group received continuous passive motion without quadriceps electric stimulation. Both groups engaged in physical therapy consisting of active range of motion, quadriceps femoris setting, flexion and extension stretches, and ambulation. Manual goniometry and tensiometry were used to evaluate knee active extension range of motion and quadriceps strength. Upon dismissal, the stimulated group was able to generate more force at 90 degrees, 35 degrees, 20 degrees, and terminal extension of the involved knee, but none of these values was found to be statistically significant. Active extension range of motion of the stimulated group on dismissal showed a significant decrease in active extension lag (degrees) as compared to the control group. The experimental group averaged ten days in the hospital as compared to 12.5 for the control group, and subjectively noted decreased pain during stimulation. PMID- 3259868 TI - Maternal characteristics and their influences on birth weight in a Melanesian population. PMID- 3259867 TI - [Studies on cell-mediated hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of intractable asthma]. PMID- 3259869 TI - The role of peripheral blood monocyte on cell-mediated immunity in pregnant women. PMID- 3259870 TI - Recent changes in the epidemiology of GTN in Taiwan, ROC: preliminary report. PMID- 3259871 TI - Interleukin-1 induces c-fos protooncogene expression in cultured human endothelial cells. AB - In the present study we have evaluated the expression of c-fos protooncogene in normal human endothelial cells (HEC) by Northern blot analysis. HEC do not show neither constitutive nor cycloheximide-induced expression of c-fos protooncogene. When HEC were treated with cytokines known to modulate a number of specialized functions of these cells, we observed that, unlike interferon-gamma, interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were able to induce appreciable levels of c-fos in HEC. Both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta induced c-fos transcripts in HEC. Maximal levels of c-fos mRNA induced by IL-1 were found after 1 hour of treatment, with undetectable levels at 4 and 7 hours. c-fos induction in HEC by IL-1 and TNF may play a role in the acquisition of functional properties induced in HEC by these cytokines. PMID- 3259872 TI - Phosphorylation of secreted forms of human beta 2-interferon/hepatocyte stimulating factor/interleukin-6. AB - "Beta 2-Interferon/hepatocyte stimulating factor/interleukin-6" (IFN-beta 2) has emerged as a major mediator of the plasma protein response to tissue injury (the acute phase response) in addition to its numerous effects on cells of the immune system. Human fibroblasts and monocytes induced with tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) or virus infection secrete multiple forms of differentially glycosylated IFN-beta 2 polypeptides: at least a doublet of molecular mass approximately 25 kD and a triplet of mass approximately 30 kD. We report that immunoprecipitation analyses of medium from [32P]orthophosphate- labeled cultures of induced fibroblasts carried out using a rabbit polyclonal antibody to recombinant E. coli-derived human IFN-beta 2 reveal that the secreted gp23-25 and gp28-30 forms of IFN-beta 2 are phosphorylated. IFN beta 2 gp23-25 secreted by induced monocytes is phosphorylated whereas the monocytic gp28-30 is poorly labeled with [32P]orthophosphate suggesting tissue specific differences in IFN-beta 2 phosphorylation. Phosphoamino acid analyses indicate that all of the detected phosphate is in phosphoserine residues. Furthermore, IFN-beta 2 can be completely dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase (E.C. No. 3.1.3.1); thus all of the phosphate label is in readily accessible sites. These observations suggest the possibility that differential phosphorylation of IFN-beta 2 forms may be a mechanism to modulate its functions in a tissue-specific manner. PMID- 3259873 TI - Adenosine triphosphate can maintain multipotent haemopoietic stem cells in the absence of interleukin 3 via a membrane permeabilization mechanism. AB - The survival, proliferation and development of haemopoietic stem cells in vitro requires the presence of specific growth factors such as Interleukin 3, in the absence of these growth factors the cells die very rapidly (8-48 hours). Adenosine triphosphate can maintain an Interleukin 3 dependent stem cell line in the absence of this growth factor for periods up to and beyond 48 hours. This effect of ATP is mediated by an increase in plasma membrane permeability. ATP mediated survival will be an important tool in studying both Interleukin 3 dependence of stem cells and also in the study of stem cell differentiation. PMID- 3259874 TI - Chemical oxidation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its in vivo metabolism in rat brain and liver. AB - We investigated in vivo the metabolism of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the brain and liver of rats 45 min after the systemic administration of 50 mg/kg of the neurotoxin. The metabolites present in brain and liver extracts were identified through multiple analytical methods by comparison to authentic compounds obtained from a number of chemical oxidations of MPTP. Our results indicate the presence of approximately 15% unreacted MPTP and relatively large amounts of both 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and a mixture of three nonpolar lactams: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2(1H) pyridinone, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2(1H)-pyridinone, and a previously unreported metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2-piperidinone. Whereas MPP+ was more prevalent in the brain than in the liver, the lactam metabolites were more predominant in the liver. The amounts of the N-oxide and N-demethylated metabolites of MPTP were minimal. PMID- 3259875 TI - Macrophage colony-stimulating factor is produced by human T lymphoblastoid cell line, CEM-ON: identification by amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. AB - A subclone, designated CEM-ON, derived from an azaguanine-resistant human leukemic T cell line, CEM-AG(R), constitutively secretes a colony-stimulating factor (CSF) which stimulates the production of macrophages from murine bone marrow progenitor cells. This CSF has been purified from serum-free conditioned medium. Highly purified CEM-ON CSF with a specific activity of 4.7 X 10(7) units/mg protein was obtained. Amino-terminal sequence analysis showed that the first 27 amino acids were identical to the amino-terminal sequence of the M-CSF (CSF-1) based on the cDNAs for human M-CSF. On SDS-PAGE analysis, CEM-ON CSF had an apparent molecular weight of 33,000-43,000; following reduction with 2 mercaptoethanol, this migrated as a 20,000-24,000 subunit, suggesting a homodimer structure. These results show that a human T cell line, CEM-ON, secretes M-CSF into its medium. PMID- 3259876 TI - Role of salivary epidermal growth factor in the maintenance of physicochemical characteristics of oral and gastric mucosal mucus coat. AB - The involvement of salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the maintenance of oral and gastric mucosal mucus coat dimension and chemical characteristics was investigated using sialoadenectomized rats. Examination of the oral and gastric mucosal surface by phase contrast microscopy and Alcian blue uptake revealed that deprivation of salivary EGF caused a 31-36% reduction in mucus coat thickness and a 38-43% reduction in adherent mucin content. Chemical analyses indicated that the mucus coat of sialoadenectomized group exhibited a 21-28% increase in protein and a 67% decrease in covalently bound fatty acids, a 30% decrease in carbohydrates, and a 32-37% decrease in lipids. Sialoadenectomy also evoked changes in the chemical composition of mucus glycoprotein component of oral and gastric mucus coat reflected in the lower content of sulfate (25-26%), associated lipids (24-25%), and covalently bound fatty acids (67-75%). Intragastric supplementation of EGF had no effect on the physicochemical changes caused by sialoadenectomy in the oral mucosal mucus coat, while nearly complete restoration to normal characteristics occurred in the gastric mucosal mucus coat. The results suggest that salivary EGF is essential for the maintenance of mucus coat dimension and quality needed in the protection of alimentary tract epithelium. PMID- 3259877 TI - Depletion of protein kinase C induced by an anti HLA class I monoclonal antibody in phytohemagglutinin activated human T cells. AB - Anti HLA Class I Monoclonal Antibody depletes Protein Kinase C (PKC) to 20% of control value in PHA activated human T cells. The effect is reversible: in 24 hours the enzymatic activity returns to 58% of control value. Removal of antibody from the culture medium increases the rate of recovery. Implications of this finding for the modulation by HLA Class I antigens of the proliferative response of T cells to lectins are discussed. PMID- 3259878 TI - Carbamazepine inhibits electroconvulsive shock-induced inositol trisphosphate (IP3) accumulation in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. AB - Carbamazepine is used to treat manic-depressive disorder, and is also an anticonvulsant. Rats were injected with this drug 90 min prior to this experiment, when mild inhibition of convulsions took place. Intraventricular injections of 14 muCi [3H]myoinositol were made 20-24 hrs prior to the experiment. Ninety min after intraperitoneal injection of carbamazepine or vehicle, rats were given electroconvulsive shock or sham procedure and sacrificed 30 sec later. Incorporation of radiolabel into inositol lipids and inositol phosphates was analyzed in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Carbamazepine's effects on the brain inositol lipid cycle, studied here for the first time, showed 1) enhanced labeling in the polyphosphoinositides (carbamazepine-ECS groups showed increases of about 40% in PIP2); 2) decreased [H]IP1 levels; and 3) inhibition of ECS-induced [3H]-IP3 accumulation. PMID- 3259879 TI - Increase of sialyltransferase activity in the small intestine following thermal injury in rats. AB - The acute phase protein response following inflammation is associated with an increased total protein-bound carbohydrate content in plasma in the form of glycoproteins. Glycosyltransferases in liver may serve as a regulator of this increased glycosylation activity in the plasma and may also serve as a marker for the acute phase response. Sialyltransferase is an example of a glycosyltransferases in which sialic acid is transferred to oligosaccharides of glycopeptides in the Golgi prior to glycopeptide secretion. In this study, sialyltransferase activities were determined in plasma, liver, and intestinal mucosa following a standardized 25% body surface area thermal injury in the rat. A statistically significant increase in sialyltransferase activity was found in liver and small intestine which were maximal at 24 hours after the injury. These increased sialyltransferase activities were accompanied by a statistically significant 2 to 4 fold elevation in plasma sialyltransferase activity at 24 hours. The plasma and liver elevations in these activities were similar to elevations seen in other models of acute inflammation using turpentine injections and bacterial infections. The increased sialyltransferase activity within the rat intestine was comparable to increases in intestinal sialyltransferase activity following colchicine treatment and may represent a similar mechanism(s). PMID- 3259880 TI - Involvement of the macrolide antibiotic inducible cytochrome P-450 LM3c in the metabolism of midazolam by microsomal fractions prepared from rabbit liver. AB - This report characterizes the cytochrome P-450 isozyme involved in midazolam metabolism. This study was undertaken into liver microsomal fractions prepared from untreated rabbits or animals treated with drugs known to specifically induce various cytochrome P-450 isozymes such as form LM2 by phenobarbital, LM4 and LM6 by 3-methylcholanthrene and beta-naphthoflavone, LM3a by ethyl alcohol and acetone, and LM3c by macrolide antibiotics (rifampicin, erythromycin and triacetyloleandomycin). Among this library of characterized microsomal preparations, only those obtained from macrolide antibiotic-treated rabbits exhibited a Type I binding spectrum upon addition of midazolam (Ks = 3.2-5.3 micrograms/ml; 10.6-17.5 microM) and significantly metabolized midazolam to its various hydroxylated metabolites (Km = 2.52 +/- 0.22 micrograms/ml; 8.32 +/- 0.73 microM and Vmax = 20 micrograms metabolites formed/min/mg proteins; 66 nmoles metabolites formed/min/mg proteins). The following observations further confirmed the specific involvement of the cytochrome P-450 LM3c isozyme: (i) only anti cytochrome P-450 LM3c isozyme antibodies intensively inhibited midazolam metabolism, (ii) incubation of microsomes, prepared from TAO-treated rabbits, with midazolam in the presence of potassium ferricyanide which restored the functional cytochrome P-450 LM3c isozyme, increased midazolam metabolism to a similar extent, and (iii) in the presence of Cyclosporin A, a specific substrate of the rabbit cytochrome P-450 LM3c isozyme, midazolam metabolism was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. These data demonstrated that the rabbit cytochrome P-450 LM3c isozyme was predominantly involved in midazolam metabolism. PMID- 3259881 TI - A direct, highly sensitive assay for cytochrome P-450 catalyzed O-deethylation using a novel coumarin analog. AB - The microsomal O-deethylation of a novel coumarin analog, 7-ethoxy-4 trifluoromethylcoumarin (EFC), to a fluorescent product was characterized. Results indicate that this analog provides a rapid, convenient and highly sensitive means to assay cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolism. Like microsomal 7 ethoxycoumarin (7-EC) O-deethylation, EFC O-deethylation responded to both phenobarbital was greater than that seen with 7-EC (5- to 6-fold over control after 50 mg/kg/day for 4 days in Sprague-Dawley rats compared to approximately 2 fold for 7-EC). Since the reaction was monitored by direct fluorometry of the product, any departures from linearity under a particular set of reaction conditions (e.g. with highly induced samples) were immediately apparent. In the absence of an NADPH-regenerating system, background drift was very low (less than 0.01 fluorescent units), so the sensitivity of the assay was limited primarily by that of the fluorometer employed. This makes the assay particularly useful in situations where test material is limited, e.g. when measuring activity in cultured hepatocytes. Its simplicity, reproducibility, and response to a variety of inducing agents also make it suitable for a rapid screening assay for cytochrome P-450 induction. PMID- 3259882 TI - Increased levels of plasma anaphylatoxins in systemic lupus erythematosus predict flares of the disease and may elicit vascular injury in lupus cerebritis. AB - We measured levels of complement anaphylatoxin split products, C3a and C5a, in the circulation of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In 23 SLE patients who were followed serially, the mean C3a value was 179 ng/ml during stable disease and 550 ng/ml during a disease flare. In 10 patients, C3a levels predicted disease activity, with the C3a value rising from a mean of 183 ng/ml at a time of stable disease to a mean of 242 ng/ml 1-2 months prior to a clinical exacerbation of disease. The mean C3a level in 5 patients with acute dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS) was 1,297 ng/ml, which is significantly higher than that observed in patients with active disease but without CNS involvement (P less than 0.01). C5a levels were also significantly elevated in 4 patients with acute CNS disease. Pathologic specimens from 2 patients who died during an acute lupus flare revealed neutrophils occluding the cerebral and intestinal vessels. Fluorescein angiography in a patient with CNS lupus revealed vasoocclusive retinopathy. In 5 of 7 SLE patients who were pregnant, C3a levels were elevated, with a group mean value of 310 ng/ml. There was a negative correlation (r = -0.59) between C3a and C3 levels in pregnant patients with SLE, and this finding is consistent with complement activation as the cause of decreasing C3 levels. We suggest that serial measurements of C3a can predict flares of disease in lupus patients and can demonstrate complement activation during pregnancy in women with SLE. In addition, release of C3a and C5a (mediators of inflammation) into the circulation may elicit vascular injury, particularly in patients with lupus cerebritis. PMID- 3259884 TI - Frequency of infection among patients with rheumatoid arthritis versus patients with osteoarthritis or soft tissue rheumatism. AB - We compared the frequencies and types of infections that occurred in 448 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) versus those occurring in 185 control patients who had osteoarthritis or soft tissue rheumatism. At least 1 infection developed in 23% of the RA patients and in 27% of the control patients. Using a series of risk factors, we found no substantial difference in the risk of infection in RA patients compared with that in control patients. Some of these factors, such as being female, having poor functional capacity, and receiving glucocorticoid treatment, were associated with different levels of risk for infection, but the levels were similar in RA patients and control patients. PMID- 3259883 TI - B cells expressing CD5 are increased in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - In this investigation of B cells expressing the CD5 (Leu-1) cell surface marker, we found increased numbers of these cells in 13 of 19 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) (68%), as well as in the rheumatoid arthritis patients. The percentage of B cells that demonstrated increased expression of CD5 was 46% in SS patients, 47% in rheumatoid arthritis patients, 24% in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, and 26% in normal subjects. Over a 2-year period, CD5 expression on B cells was a stable finding in several patients, except for 2 who required either steroid therapy or combined chemotherapy and irradiation for malignant lymphoma. Both of these patients had clinical remissions and their levels of CD5+ B cells returned to normal. The first patient had a clinical picture of SS/systemic lupus erythematosus overlap, associated with polyclonal B cell activation and decreased production of interleukin-2 in response to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. These cellular immune abnormalities returned to normal after the institution of corticosteroids. Our observations suggest a relationship between the CD5+ B cell abnormality and disease activity. The results are discussed in relation to immunoregulatory properties of CD5+ B cells in autoimmune mice and the characteristic predisposition to malignant lymphoma among SS patients. PMID- 3259885 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica: a syndrome associated with HLA-DR4 antigen. AB - HLA class II antigens were determined in 65 patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA). An increase in DR4 antigen frequency was found in the patients (40%) compared with that in 200 healthy controls (20%) (Pcorr less than 0.05). DR4 was significantly more frequent in GCA patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) than in those without PMR (58.8% versus 19.3%) (P less than 0.005). HLA-DR4 frequency in GCA patients without PMR was similar to that in the control population (20%). Patients with severe, disabling PMR had DR4 more frequently (90%) than did those with moderate symptoms who required medical care because of cranial arteritis manifestations (41.6%) (P less than 0.05). We conclude that, in GCA patients, association with DR4 is mainly related to the manifestation of the disease as PMR. We discuss clinical and immunogenetic similarities between PMR and other DR4-associated rheumatic disorders. Common immunopathogenic mechanisms leading to clinical overlap among them are suggested. PMID- 3259886 TI - Dose-dependent induction of anti-native DNA antibodies in cats by propylthiouracil. AB - Cats receiving propylthiouracil (PTU) develop antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and an immune-mediated disease syndrome characterized by anorexia, lymphadenopathy, weight loss, and Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia. Investigation of the ANA specificity indicated that the predominant ANA activity consistent of anti-native DNA (nDNA) antibodies. The formation of anti-nDNA antibodies and immune-mediated disease syndrome appeared to be dose-dependent, even in cats in which a response had been induced on 4 prior occasions. These results supply further evidence that PTU-induced autoimmunity is not the result of a simple drug allergy. Rather, it appears that PTU induces a lupus-like syndrome, including the hallmark sign of systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-nDNA antibodies. PMID- 3259887 TI - Determination of susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics by a tablet diffusion test. AB - A standardized tablet diffusion test and a reference agar dilution test was evaluated for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics. 74 freshly isolated anaerobic bacteria and three control strains (Cl. perfringens ATCC 13124 B. fragilis ATCC 25285, B. thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741) were tested. The in vitro activities of 7 beta-lactam antibiotics were compared with metronidazole and clindamycin. Most active were metronidazole and clindamycin. Cefoxitin had the best activity of the beta-lactam antibiotics, whereas piperacillin and carbenicillin had good activities. High resistance rates were found for penicillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime and cefotaxime. MIC on control strains fell well within range set by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Correlation between MIC and inhibition zone diameters was generally good. Tablet diffusion can be used to divide anaerobic bacteria into three susceptibility categories. In addition all bacterial strains were tested for production of beta-lactamase by a nitrocefin tube test. Beta lactamase production by the nitrocefin test indicated reduced sensitivity to beta lactam antibiotics. PMID- 3259888 TI - Bone mineral density in diabetes mellitus. AB - In the present study bone mineral content (BMC) was measured at 1/3 and 1/10 the length of the radius from the distal end in 100 adult diabetic subjects (55 females, 45 males, 54 insulin-dependent [IDD], 46 non-insulin-dependent [NIDD]), using single photon absorptiometry. Each individual BMC value in the diabetics was first compared to normal BMC values for age obtained in our laboratory from 500 non-diabetic subjects. BMC in the diabetics was within the normal range (M +/ 2 SD) with respect to sex and age. Data from IDD and NIDD males, under and over 50 years of age, and of IDD and NIDD females, pre- and postmenopausal, were compared with the respective control group data after matching each diabetic subject to a non-diabetic one of identical age and menstrual history and of comparable body mass index. In each group BMC in the diabetic subjects was found not to be statistically different from BMC in the control ones. Correlation analysis was carried out between BMC and endocrine or metabolic parameters obtained in 52 of the diabetic patients. BMC in diabetic subjects was not correlated with plasma levels of hormones (thyroid hormones, cortisol, 17-beta estradiol, testosterone), Ca, P or alkaline phosphatase activity. It was inversely correlated with urinary Ca and P in NIDD women and with urinary Ca in NIDD men. No relationship was found between BMC and the metabolic control of diabetes (evaluated by basal glycemia, 2h-post-prandial glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin). PMID- 3259889 TI - Propofol for arthroscopy in outpatients. Comparison of three anaesthetic techniques. AB - Sixty unpremedicated adult patients, undergoing arthroscopy, received propofol 2 mg kg-1 for induction of anaesthesia, before random allocation to three groups receiving one of the following: a continuous infusion of propofol supplemented with nitrous oxide in oxygen (group I); isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen (group II); a continuous infusion of propofol in combination with repeated bolus doses of alfentanil (group III). The results showed no major differences in cardiovascular variables between the groups. Ventilation rate was highest in group II. Early recovery was less smooth and showed slight impairment in group III compared with the other groups. The data suggest that induction of anaesthesia with propofol followed by maintenance with isoflurane or continuous infusion of propofol is preferable for this procedure. PMID- 3259890 TI - Cyclosporin A and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody glomerulonephritis in rats. AB - In a telescoped model of antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody induced nephritis, Lewis strain rats were injected in the footpad with rabbit IgG on day 0 and then given a single intravenous injection of rabbit anti-rat GBM antibody on day 5. Proteinuria developed within 24 h and renal histology 7 days later showed a focal or diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. In this study rats treated as above were given Cyclosporin A (CyA) 20 mg/kg daily by intraperitoneal injection from day 0 or from day 5. Rats given CyA plus anti-GBM antibody developed extensive glomerular infiltration with polymorphs and glomerular thrombosis, lesions not seen with unmodified anti-GBM nephritis or in rats who received CyA alone. The mechanism by which CyA given prior to or at the onset of immunological insult in this model worsens glomerular injury is unclear. PMID- 3259891 TI - Cutaneous presentation of prolymphocytic leukaemia. AB - We report a case of prolymphocytic leukaemia which presented with annular, purpuric, erythematous plaques in the skin. Histology of the lesions showed cutaneous invasion with leukaemic cells. The lesions cleared with chlorambucil and prednisolone, and the leukaemic state responded to deoxycoformycin, an experimental anti T cell agent. PMID- 3259892 TI - Treatment of gold-induced aplastic anaemia with immunosuppressive therapy. AB - Between June 1978 and August 1985 12 patients with gold-induced aplastic anaemia were treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Median age was 38.5 years for the 11 females and one male. Treatment regimens varied, but all patients received 150 160 mg/kg horse anti-human thymocyte globulin (ATG) over 4-10 d. Five patients had complete recovery of peripheral counts and one patient had a partial response. Of the six nonresponders one had a spontaneous recovery a year later and five died 6-67 d after beginning treatment. Seven patients are alive 4.3-8.9 years later. Six patients remain haematologically stable and one patient has developed a myelodysplastic syndrome. This experience confirms earlier reports of patients recovering marrow function after receiving immunosuppressive therapy for gold-related aplasia. PMID- 3259893 TI - Pulmonary disease from exposure to an artificial aluminium silicate: further observations. AB - A cross sectional analysis of the relation between exposure to an artificial aluminium silicate (alunite residue) and pulmonary function changes has been made in 32 subjects, 17 of whom had been previously reported and in whom there was suggestive evidence of a dose response relation between gas transfer and total silicate exposure. Longitudinal data were also available for nine subjects. No dose effect relation was observed in either analysis and only one of the three subjects previously observed to have an abnormal chest radiograph (the index subject) had deteriorated appreciably. Respirable particles of alunite residue were injected intratracheally into Syrian hamsters. No evidence of pulmonary toxicity was seen as judged by bronchoalveolar lavage measurements of the concentrations lactic dehydrogenase, albumin, and the lambda fraction of gold, and the numbers of macrophages, polymorphonuclear cells, and red blood cells (alpha-quartz and ferrous oxide were used as positive and negative controls). These results do not support a significant toxic effect of this aluminium silicate on the lungs. PMID- 3259894 TI - Radiotherapy in benign orbital disease. II: Ophthalmic Graves' disease and orbital histiocytosis X. AB - Ophthalmic Graves' disease and histiocytosis X involving the orbit are occasionally refractory to treatment, so that vision may be threatened. In these situations megavoltage external beam radiotherapy should be employed, and the indications for this treatment are discussed. A highly accurate technique is described, using precise planning with information obtained from high definition CT scans, a complete patient head shell for immobilisation, and modern megavoltage radiotherapy treatment machines. As a result the dose to the lens is minimised (to a maximum of 10% of the prescribed dose), and late morbidity will be small. Two cases are described to illustrate this procedure and the response to treatment. PMID- 3259895 TI - Immunological analysis of the aqueous humour in candida endophthalmitis. I: Experimental study. AB - An immunological study of aqueous humour and serum was carried out in experimental ocular candidosis in rabbits. Anti-candida antibody titres, immunoglobulin G, and albumin levels were evaluated in the aqueous humour and in the serum. A local synthesis of anti-candida antibodies was detected in numerous rabbits at the height of clinical activity of the lesions. PMID- 3259896 TI - Immunological analysis of the aqueous humour in candida endophthalmitis. II: Clinical study. AB - An anterior chamber paracentesis was carried out on six patients with candida endophthalmitis and on control subjects. We endeavoured to find out if there was local production of antibodies by evaluating the anti-candida antibody titres, the immunoglobulin G, and the albumin levels in the aqueous humour and in the serum. A significant difference in the level of specific antibodies between patients and controls was found. Local synthesis of anti-candida antibodies was discovered in five out of six patients with candida endophthalmitis. There would seem to be a correlation between the severity of uveitis and antibody titres. PMID- 3259897 TI - A uterine cell mitogen distinct from epidermal growth factor in porcine uterine luminal fluids: characterization and partial purification. AB - Uterine luminal fluids (ULF) from early (Days 10 and 12)-pregnant sows contain factors that stimulate DNA synthesis in a variety of cell lines. The major growth factor component in these fluids has been partially purified 200-fold by heat treatment, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration using mouse embryo derived AKR-2B fibroblasts as an indicator cell line. The ULF mitogen (ULFM) is a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 4800; it is extremely heat stable and resistant to treatment with urea. This mitogen is also present in ULF from cycling sows but is not detectable in uterine cytosolic extracts or in serum isolated from pigs at Day 12 of pregnancy. The addition of this factor to medium containing 0.5% calf serum results in a 50% increase in final cell density of AKR 2B cells. ULFM appears biologically distinct from mouse and human epidermal growth factor (EGF), since its activity is not inhibited by antibody to mouse EGF and it does not compete for binding to human (A431) EGF receptors. In addition, the ULF factor stimulates DNA synthesis in human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells, whereas EGF is inhibitory. Partially purified ULFM also stimulates DNA synthesis in primary cultures of pig uterine stromal cells. This mitogen activity is dose dependent and is not inhibited by antibody to mouse EGF. Thus ULFM may act in concert with other peptide growth factors in regulating uterine growth and/or differentiation. PMID- 3259899 TI - Zonation in the rat cerebellar cortex: patches of high acetylcholinesterase activity in the granular layer are congruent with Purkinje cell compartments. AB - The rat cerebellar cortex is built from parasagittally arranged modules with topographically ordered afferent and efferent projections. The intrinsic organization of the cerebellum is revealed by immunocytochemical staining with monoclonal antibody, mabQ113. In the cerebellum, mabQ113 recognizes a polypeptide epitope that is restricted to a subset of Purkinje cells. Antigenic Purkinje cells are clustered to form a complex pattern of parasagittal compartments. Several biochemical markers reveal a superficially similar organization of the cortex, and so it is important to determine how many independent maps are present. This report compares the mabQ113 antigen display to the patchy distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In the granular layer and the white matter of the adult cerebellar cortex there is a patchy AChE staining that includes both the hemispheres and the vermis. The staining is often not sharply resolved cytologically, but seems to be associated primarily with the synaptic glomeruli. The boundaries of these granular layer patches in the vermis correspond to the mabQ113+/mabQ113- boundaries of the overlying Purkinje cell compartments. Thus, AChE and mabQ113 antigen share a common compartmentation both in the vermis, and in the hemispheres. Both mabQ113 and AChE distributions develop postnatally in the cerebellar cortex. At birth (PO) there is neither AChE activity nor mabQ113 immunoreactivity. Both staining patterns emerge during the second postnatal week. In the vermis at P10, there is AChE activity in the granular layer and white matter, and the distribution is already patchy despite the absence of synaptic glomeruli. At the same age the mabQ113 immunoreactivity is found in all Purkinje cells rather than a subset, and the band pattern has yet to mature. There is also transient AChE staining of Purkinje cell somata and dendrites. The AChE patches clarify between P10 and P20 along with the appearance of the synaptic glomeruli and the development of differential mabQ113 staining, but there is no reason to believe that the two are causally linked. In contrast to the cerebellar cortex, AChE staining in the cerebellar nuclei matures very early and at P0 the activity is already high. Zones of high and low AChE activity are seen in all the cerebellar nuclei and may be related to the distribution of the terminal fields of the different Purkinje cell populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3259898 TI - Delay in diagnosis of spondarthritis. AB - A survey was made of referral patterns and investigative procedures in 125 patients with HLA-B27 related spondarthritic diseases reviewed in the rheumatology department of a district general hospital. At the time of referral a large proportion of the patients had already been seen by other hospital departments for the same complaint although in many cases such referrals did not result in a correct diagnosis. Multiple referrals had often resulted in prolonged diagnostic delay during which time unnecessary and invasive investigations were performed. The data indicate the need for improved diagnostic awareness of common rheumatic conditions by all clinicians dealing with musculoskeletal disease. PMID- 3259900 TI - Continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in disseminated colorectal cancer. AB - Twenty-two patients with disseminated adenocarcinoma of the large bowel received therapy with 5-fluorouracil 800-1000 mg/m2 as a 24 h infusion for 4 consecutive days with 60 mg/m2 intravenous folinic acid administered every 6 hours. Major responses were seen in 3 of 20 (15%) evaluable patients, for a median of 5 months. Mucositis was the major toxicity occurring in 80% of patients. Folinic acid resulted in an additional $960/m2 per therapeutic course without improvement of response rate or survival at this dose and schedule. PMID- 3259901 TI - High-dose folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil in advanced colorectal cancer. AB - Twenty-three patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with folinic acid (200 mg/m2/day 1-5 IV bolus injection) and 5-fluorouracil (400 mg/m2/day 1-5 IV in 15 minutes) every 28 days. Only three patients were pretreated. Objective response was observed in 6 (30%) of 20 evaluable patients (three complete and three partial responses). The median duration of response was 9 months (range 5 15) and time to disease progression ranged from 2 to 12 months (median 6 months). Median survival was 21 months (range 12-23+) for responders. Another 6 (30%) patients had stabilization of disease. Toxicity was generally gastrointestinal (mucositis, diarrhea, nausea); moderate leukopenia was noted. The response rate found in this study indicates that folinic acid administered in high doses enhances the effectiveness of 5-FU administered concomitantly in colorectal cancer. PMID- 3259902 TI - Comments on the use of leucovorin as a potentiator of 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 3259903 TI - Rheumatic disorders. PMID- 3259905 TI - Increased antitumor effect of immunoconjugates and tumor necrosis factor in vivo. AB - The potential of specifically targeting antineoplastic drugs and toxins to tumors with the use of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reactive with tumor-associated antigens is currently being examined. N-Acetyl-melphalan-MoAb (N-AcMEL-MoAb) conjugates have previously been shown to have greater antitumor activity than N AcMEL, melphalan, or MoAb alone against both subcutaneous and ascites murine thymomas in mice (1). Although this conjugate is also a highly selective tumor inhibitor in vitro, it may not reach all the tumor cells in a high concentration, and consequently larger tumors (greater than 0.4 cm2) cannot be eradicated. This conjugate is representative of many drug-MoAb conjugates in that they are unable to gain adequate access to the tumor site to exert their cytotoxic effect. To potentiate the antitumor effect of the N-AcMEL-MoAb conjugate, studies were undertaken to analyze its action in combination with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rTNF-alpha), a monokine, capable of causing acute necrosis of syngeneic tumor transplants in mice. Treatment of mice with murine thymomas (0.4 to 0.6 cm2 in size) demonstrated that 30% of the tumors in mice receiving conjugate and rTNF-alpha partially or completely regressed, while no regressions were observed in the tumors of mice receiving N-AcMEL-anti-Ly-2.1 conjugate or rTNF-alpha alone. This and other experiments indicated that the antitumor effect and tumor localization of N-AcMEL-MoAb conjugates can be enhanced in vivo by rTNF alpha, thereby enabling successful eradication of larger established subcutaneous murine tumors. PMID- 3259904 TI - Interactions between hyperthermia and irradiation in two human lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines in vitro. AB - Thermal radiosensitization was studied in two human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (JM and MOLT3) with regard to heat-irradiation sequence and heating duration. In MOLT3 thermal radiosensitization was maximal when 43.5 degrees C hyperthermia immediately preceded or followed irradiation; at 41.5 degrees C, radiosensitization was maximal with hyperthermia immediately before or up to 3 h after irradiation. In JM, enhancement of radiation killing was unexpectedly maximal when 41.5 or 43.5 degrees C hyperthermia preceded irradiation by 2 to 4 h. Thermal radiosensitization increased exponentially with increasing duration of heating at 41.5 degrees C for at least 3 h in MOLT3. In contrast, in JM, radiosensitization increased exponentially for 1.6 h but additional heating (up to 3 h net heating) had no appreciable further effect on radiation killing. For JM, repair of single and double stranded DNA breaks was investigated using alkaline and neutral elution techniques to determine whether the unusual results regarding heat-irradiation sequencing were related to effects of heat on repair of DNA damage. These studies were unable to detect significant differences in repair of single or double stranded DNA breaks between unheated control cells and cells heated at 41.5 degrees C for 1 h ending 4 h before irradiation. The direct cytotoxicity of hyperthermia was also studied in both cell lines. PMID- 3259906 TI - Epidermal growth factor receptors on cultured neoplastic human thyroid cells and effects of epidermal growth factor and thyroid-stimulating hormone on their growth. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors on primary-cultured human thyroid cells from 27 neoplasias (nine adenomas and 18 differentiated carcinomas) were analyzed and compared with those on the cultured nonneoplastic part of human thyroid cells. Total binding of 125I-EGF to the nonneoplastic part, adenoma, and carcinoma cells did not differ significantly. Scatchard analysis showed that the neoplastic human thyroid cells, like their adjacent nonneoplastic counterparts, consistently possessed EGF receptors with two components. In a paired study of five patients, the association constant of the carcinoma cells' high-affinity component (Ka1) was found to be significantly lower than that of adjacent nonneoplastic thyroid cells (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, a study of the cells from 18 carcinomas revealed that overall their Ka1s (4.15 +/- 0.82 x 10(9) M-1, mean +/- SEM) were significantly lower than those of adenoma cells (10.34 +/- 1.51 x 10(9) M-1, n = 9) and of nonneoplastic cells adjacent to them (8.32 +/- 0.84 x 10(9) M-1, n = 23). The difference in Ka1s for adenoma and nonneoplastic thyroid cells was not statistically significant. The number of receptor sites (Cmax) per cell was not significantly different in any of the three. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine (dThd) increased significantly in all kinds of thyroid cells examined following the addition of 10 nM EGF, and the paired study showed that the size of this increase was not significantly different in neoplastic and adjacent nonneoplastic cells. The addition of 300 microunits/ml of thyroid-stimulating hormone caused a significant increase in dThd incorporation by adenoma cells but not by carcinoma or nonneoplastic cells. Furthermore, combined treatment with EGF and thyroid-stimulating hormone additively promoted adenoma cell growth only. A close inverse relationship was observed between Ka1 and the stimulatory effect of EGF on the dThd uptake in both nonneoplastic thyroid cells and adenoma cells. Carcinoma cells also showed similar profiles, but Ka1 relative to dThd increases were much smaller than the other two. PMID- 3259907 TI - Formation of desmosomes and other contact specializations in cultured skin of the frog (Rana esculenta). AB - Small trypsinized explants from ventral skin of frogs (Rana esculenta) were maintained in culture for 4 days during which a newly formed epithelium differentiated along the cut edges of the dermis. During the first 6 h adjacent cells produced numerous interdigitating lamellipodia. After 2 days, epithelial polarity was restored by the formation of zonulae occludentes and the epithelial cells were joined by a few small newly formed desmosomes and by numerous interdigitations. Bipartite junctional complexes consisting of a zonula occludens, followed by a series of typical desmosomes, and characteristic of adult frog epidermis were formed only after 4 days. When cultured in the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) the trypsinized epidermis no longer formed desmosomes. Therefore pools of one or more crucial desmosomal proteins must be very low or non-existent. However, cycloheximide did not prevent the formation of cell contact specializations, consisting of a highly developed system of complex lamellar interdigitations, between adjacent cells. PMID- 3259908 TI - In vitro testing of the antibacterial activity of fosfomycin trometamol against urinary pathogens. AB - The activity of fosfomycin trometamol (FOT) was compared with that of cotrimoxazole (COT) and norfloxacin (NOR) using urine as medium and 10(7) bacteria as inoculum, conditions as close as those found by the administration of the drugs in vivo during the course of a urinary tract infection. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of all antibiotics against 100 strains isolated from urinary tract infections were found to be higher than the breakpoint. Concentrations of FOT corresponding to mean and maximal values found in urine after single dose administration within the 0-48 h interval killed the great majority of strains. COT and NOR, when tested under similar conditions, exhibited an antibacterial activity lower than and equal to that of FOT, respectively. In several strains belonging to different species the frequency of mutation to resistance to 2000 and 1000 micrograms/ml of FOT was very low (greater than 10( 7], whereas it was relatively high (1 x 10(-5) to 1 x 10(-7] for 150 micrograms/ml, the two former and the latter being the respective maximal, mean and minimal values found in urine after administration of a single dose. PMID- 3259909 TI - Antibacterial activity in human urine of fosfomycin trometamol in an in vitro model of the urinary bladder. AB - The urinary concentrations of fosfomycin trometamol, norfloxacin, pipemidic acid and cotrimoxazole were studied at various times after oral administration of drugs in healthy volunteers. Using the same urine, the bactericidal activity of four antimicrobial agents against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae in an in vitro model simulating the treatment of bacterial cystitis was also evaluated. The results obtained show that very high concentrations of the drugs were achieved in urine particularly after the oral administration of the fosfomycin trometamol. In the bladder model bactericidal activity of fosfomycin trometamol, norfloxacin and pipemidic acid were higher than that of cotrimoxazole; no resistant mutants to drugs were selected over a period of 24 h. PMID- 3259910 TI - Treatment of experimental cystitis in the rat with a single dose of fosfomycin trometamol. AB - The therapeutic effectiveness of a single oral dose (60 and 200 mg/kg body weight) of fosfomycin trometamol (FT), norfloxacin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) and pipemidic acid against experimental cystitis in the rat were compared. Infections were produced with clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli in a total of 135 Sprague Dawley albino rats. Oral treatment with all four drugs consistently lowered the numbers of CFU in bladder tissue, especially E. coli and P. mirabilis. Fosfomycin trometamol appeared to be as effective as norfloxacin for treatment of E. coli cystitis even thoughs its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in vitro is 100 times greater than that of the quinolonic antibiotic. Fosfomycin trometamol, pipemidic acid and Bactrim were equally effective against P. mirabilis infection, but FT was less active than norfloxacin or Bactrim for treatment of K. pneumonia cystitis. In conclusion, single dose treatment with fosfomycin trometamol was effective for treatment of experimental cystitis in the rat and might, by extrapolation, be of use in clinical practice for single dose treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. PMID- 3259911 TI - Interleukin-2-dependent T lymphocytes for the diagnosis and investigation of inherited metabolic disorders. AB - Interleukin-2-dependent T cell lines can be started from as little as 1 ml of peripheral blood and expanded to 50 x 10(6) cells within 12 days. These cells represent an easily obtainable source of nucleated tissue with certain advantages over skin fibroblasts or transformed B lymphoblastoid cells for the rapid diagnosis and study of inherited metabolic disorders. A panel of 19 enzymes were assayed in IL-2-dependent T lymphocytes and the diagnosis of four enzyme deficiencies is demonstrated using T lymphocytes. PMID- 3259912 TI - A 12-year cross-sectional and longitudinal radiographic study of dental restorations in women in Gothenburg, Sweden. AB - A dental examination was included in a mainly medically oriented population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. From panoramic radiographs the numbers of remaining teeth, restored teeth (fillings and crowns), pontics, and endodontically treated teeth were assessed in 1968-69 and in a 12-yr follow-up study in 1980-81. Women aged 38, 46, 50, 54 and 60 yr were initially studied. In the follow-up study, a group of 38-yr-old women was added. A comparison between cross-sectional data in 1968-69 and in 1980-81 in women aged 38 and 50 yr showed some marked differences. Dentulous women of the same age had in 1980-81 a larger mean number of teeth and a larger number of restored teeth (including crowns). The number of restored teeth in relation to remaining teeth was the same in the 38-yr-old women in 1980-81 but had increased in the 50-yr-olds. The absolute and relative numbers (in relation to remaining teeth) of crowns (also studied separately), pontics, and endodontically treated teeth were about the same in 1968-69 and 1980-81 both for the 38-yr-olds and the 50-yr-olds. There was a slight but statistically significant increase only in the absolute number of crowns for the 50-yr-olds. The follow-up study showed a moderate decrease of remaining teeth in all age groups. Related to remaining teeth, the number of restored teeth (including crowns), crowns, pontics, and endodontically treated teeth showed a statistically significant increase for all age groups except for the oldest, in which group a significant increase was only observed for crowns. PMID- 3259913 TI - Inhibition of C1q functions by RHP, a protein elevated in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We have previously shown that serum levels of C1q, unbound to C1r X C1s, are elevated in rheumatoid arthritis. We have also shown that RHP, a newly described serum protein which affects the C1q-anti C1q precipitin reaction, is also present at elevated levels in rheumatoid arthritis. We now show that RHP inhibits the hemolytic activity of C1q, disaggregates C1, and inhibits the ability of C1q bound to latex beads or to aggregated IgG to enhance the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils. PMID- 3259914 TI - Human corticotropin releasing hormone gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 8. AB - The chromosomal locus of the human corticotropin releasing hormone (hCRH) gene was assigned to chromosome 8 using Southern blot analysis of human x rodent cell hybrids and was localized to band 8q13 using in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes. The absence of secondary hybridization strongly suggests that hypothalamic and placental CRH are transcribed from the same gene. PMID- 3259915 TI - Application of orthogonal light scattering for routine screening of lymphocyte samples. AB - Orthogonal and forward light-scattering properties of lymphocytes were measured from patients with different lymphocytic diseases in order to determine the potential value of light scattering as a screening device. Monitoring of orthogonal light scattering of lymphocytes of a B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient during splenic irradiation (SI) revealed the selective decrease of malignant cells and the fact that the major part of the residual lymphocytes were cytotoxic lymphocytes. By combining forward and orthogonal light scattering it was shown that lymphocytes from a patient with T gamma lymphocytosis were abnormal. Orthogonal light scattering also showed an increase in cytotoxic lymphocytes in a patient with mononucleosis infectiosa and in a splenectomized patient. Orthogonal light scattering of lymphocyte subpopulations showed that the leu8+ population of a patient with mononucleosis infectiosa was bidisperse. For elderly donors the occurrence of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and HNK-1+ lymphocytes with a large orthogonal light scattering varied considerably. The CD8+ lymphocytes of these donors consisted mainly of cytotoxic lymphocytes. These results show that determination of light-scattering properties of lymphocytes may yield important diagnostic information and can indicate when further investigation of the lymphocytes by means of immunofluorescence is necessary. PMID- 3259917 TI - Preoperative tumor localization. PMID- 3259916 TI - Optimal efficacy of a fungicide preparation, natamycin, in the control of the house-dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. AB - The efficacy of a fungicidal preparation, natamycin, for the effective control of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart), was determined at different concentrations on mattress-dust microsites, including ticking. One treatment with the commercially available natamycin concentration (Tymasil) resulted in a 65% reduction of house-dust mite populations within 4 weeks of treatment. The acaricidal control could be proven despite the protective role of mattress fibres such as ticking. However, mite fecundity was much more affected after treatment with twice the commercial concentration, which then assured a long-term control. Concentrations below the commercially available one were not effective. In a maritime climate, six sequential treatments three times a year would be effective for an adequate long-term control because of the high growth of house-dust fungi and the close interaction between the mite and the mould Aspergillus penicilloides. PMID- 3259918 TI - Intragastric accumulation of Evan's blue as a method for assessing aspirin induced acute gastric mucosal injury in humans. AB - Aspirin administration results in gastric mucosal damage. Although the pathogenesis of these lesions remains unclear, in animals it appears that increased vascular permeability precedes development of grossly visible lesions. We examined the effect of aspirin administration on gastric vascular permeability in eight healthy subjects. We used gastric accumulation of Evan's blue dye (which is bound to albumin) as a marker of vascular integrity and assessed gastric accumulation of Evan's blue, blood, and DNA during serial 10-min washes. Both bleeding and Evan's blue in the gastric washings increased with time after administration of aspirin in an acid solution (P less than 0.01). Evan's blue increased from a median value of 8 micrograms/10 min to 24.5 micrograms/10 min period after 60 min of aspirin administration. By 20 min after aspirin administration, the accumulation of Evan's blue in the gastric wash was significantly greater than the initial aspirin period (P less than 0.05). Blood loss increased from 147 to 650 micrograms Hgb/10-min period. The increase in bleeding rate did not become significant until 40 min after the first aspirin dose. Our study showed that aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage can be detected by assessing accumulation of Evan's blue in the gastric contents after aspirin administration. Studies in which various doses of aspirin or other agents are administered will be required to confirm whether the increased vascular permeability actually precedes bleeding in man. Measurement of Evan's blue dye in the gastric contents appears to provide a qualitative (and possibly quantitative) and sensitive early index of gastric mucosal injury. PMID- 3259919 TI - Prevalence of peptic ulcer in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. AB - Renal failure is said to be a risk factor for peptic ulceration, although most previous studies were small and utilized radiology rather than endoscopy for diagnosis. We endoscoped 114 of 126 patients with end-stage renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis and found peptic ulcer in two (2%); one other patient not endoscoped had previously undergone ulcer surgery. Erythema, petechial spots, or erosions were found in another 58 patients (51%). The ranges of gastric acid output and serum gastrin were wide and were inversely correlated. The prevalence of peptic ulcer among patients on hemodialysis therefore appeared to be no higher than that in the general population. Elevated serum gastrin levels may be a response to hypochlorhydria. PMID- 3259920 TI - Dieulafoy's cirsoid aneurysm of the duodenum. AB - Dieulafoy's lesion or cirsoid aneurysm is a rare cause of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Historically cirsoid aneurysm most often occurs in the stomach, but has been reported to occur in the jejunum. In this paper, four cases are presented that are felt to represent the first documented cases of cirsoid aneurysm involving the duodenum. At endoscopy, the appearance of Dieulafoy's lesion may range from a pinpoint dot, clot, or tortuous vessel, to blood oozing or spurting from normal mucosa. A shallow defect may be present that can give the appearance of a partially healed peptic ulcer. Previous histologic studies have shown a wide-caliber-persistent artery with intimal thickening, sclerosis, and medial muscular hypertrophy. Once the diagnosis is made, surgical intervention utilizing simple ligation of the involved vessel results in cessation of recurrent hemorrhage. Dieulafoy's lesion is probably more common than the previous literature would suggest. The lesion needs to be considered in the clinical setting of the patient with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, a paucity of symptoms, and negative findings on barium studies, endoscopy, and exploratory laparotomy. PMID- 3259922 TI - Flagella-bearing bare Trichomonas vaginalis nuclei in Papanicolaou smears. PMID- 3259921 TI - Gallstones, serum lipids, and glucose tolerance among male officials of Self Defense Forces in Japan. AB - The relationships of gallstones and the postcholecystectomy state with serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, glucose tolerance, and obesity were examined in male officials of the Self-Defense Forces in northern Kyushu, Japan. The study population had rather low rates of gallstones (2%) and prior cholecystectomy (3%). A strong relationship between obesity and gallstones was confirmed. Glucose intolerance was associated with the risk of gallstones independent of obesity. No relation between gallstones and either serum total cholesterol or triglycerides after adjustment for obesity and glucose tolerance was evident. However, the serum concentration of total cholesterol among men having had a cholecystectomy was less than that of those without gallstones. PMID- 3259923 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies against a new 68 kD thymocyte surface marker inactivate colony-forming cells in the bone marrow (CFUs)]. PMID- 3259924 TI - Presence of hexobarbital in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes maintains cytochrome P-450 levels and drug metabolizing enzyme activities. AB - Addition of hexobarbital (1 mM) to the culture medium of rat hepatocytes protected against the rapid decline in the level of cytochrome P-450 and the activities of various drug metabolizing enzymes. While the hepatocytes cultured for 72 hr without hexobarbital had only 30% of their original level of cytochrome P-450, the cells maintained with hexobarbital had 75% of the initial level of the hemoprotein. After 72 hr in culture, the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase and biphenyl 4-hydroxylase were 22-24% of the original rate for the nontreated cells and 73-78% for the hexobarbital treated cells. The activities of 7 ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in the cultures of treated cells were even higher than those of the freshly isolated hepatocytes. Additions of other substrates of hepatic mixed function oxidase to the culture medium did not protect against the loss of cytochrome P-450 and enzyme activities. PMID- 3259925 TI - Developmental changes in pluripotent hematopoietic progenitors. AB - In rats of various prenatal and postnatal ages, the number of pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-GEMM) in the blood, liver, spleen and bone marrow was determined, and their cell-cycle characteristics compared. Similar to human neonates, fetal and neonatal rats had a much higher concentration of CFU GEMM in the blood than did mature animals (2060-8320 CFU-GEMM/ml blood at 15 days gestation vs. 20-120/ml at six weeks of age, P less than 0.001). However, the total body pool of CFU-GEMM/g body weight was significantly less in fetal animals than in adults (2010 CFU-GEMM/g, range 850-2650/g at 20 days gestation vs. 10 550/g, range 7900-14,900/g at 6 weeks, P less than 0.001). The proportion of CFU GEMM killed by tritiated thymidine was 2% (0-12%) in adults rats, whereas younger animals had progressively higher rates, reaching over 90% (68-100) in fetal animals (P less than 0.001). Following incubation with Interleukin 3 (IL-3), the thymidine suicide rate of CFU-GEMM from mature rates increased significantly (from 4 +/- 3% to 53 +/- 4%, P less than 0.01), but no increase was detected in CFU-GEMM from fetal rats. These features might contribute to the limited capacity of neonatal subjects to significantly increase production of the progeny of CFU GEMM. PMID- 3259926 TI - Biochemical aspects of Parkinson-dementia complex. AB - Positron emission tomography of a parkinsonian patient with dementia revealed a decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) in the cerebral cortex and deep gray matter, whereas a parkinsonian patient without dementia showed a decrease in CBF and CMRO2 in the deep gray matter, but not in the cerebral cortex. The ratio of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/L-dopa in the plasma after L-dopa administration was significantly increased in parkinsonian patients with hallucinations, indicating an accelerated metabolism of L-dopa. The concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) was decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonian patients with psychiatric symptoms, especially with visual hallucinations. The serotonin level in mouse striatum was significantly reduced 1 week after methylphenyltetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injection, though returned to normal in 4 weeks. The 5HIAA level increased at both 1 and 4 weeks. The activity of tryptophan hydroxylase was increased in the striatum 1-4 weeks after MPTP injection, but was unchanged in the cerebral cortex. The choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was significantly decreased in the hippocampus 1 week, but not 4 weeks after MPTP. The ChAT activity was not changed in the frontal cortex at either 1 or 4 weeks. PMID- 3259927 TI - Effect of tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate on CD 7 expression by T lineage cells. AB - Phorbol esters exert diverse effects on cellular activation and differentiation. CD 7, a differentiation antigen appearing early in T cell ontogeny, may be involved in the activation and differentiation processes. CD 7 was found to be rapidly down-regulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) from mature T cell surface. The time course of CD 7 down-regulation was similar to that of other functionally important T cell antigens, CD 3 and CD 4. Within 2 h, TPA at 10 to 30 ng/ml induced a complete down-regulation of CD 7. Twenty-four hours later, the reappearance of CD 7 on TPA-treated cells was observed. This phenomenon was monocyte independent. In contrast, CD 7 expression on thymocytes was resistant to the effect of TPA. In addition, certain leukemic T cells were also resistant to TPA-induced CD 7 down-regulation. The mechanism underlying TPA induced CD 7 down-regulation was investigated further. Synthetic diacylglycerol, sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, which activates protein kinase C, did not induce down regulation of CD 7 on mature T cells. Ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, did not down-regulate this antigen either. Thus, it is concluded that the processes of protein kinase C activation and/or cytosolic calcium influx are not sufficient for TPA-induced CD 7 down-regulation; other pathways induced by TPA may be responsible. PMID- 3259928 TI - Determination of frequency of T cells expressing the T cell-specific serine proteinase 1 (TSP-1) reveals two types of L3T4+ T lymphocytes. AB - TSP-1 is a murine T cell-specific serine proteinase which is exclusively expressed in activated but not in resting T lymphocytes. Among T lymphocyte clones tested so far the enzyme was found to be associated with all Ly-2+ but only with a fraction of L3T4+ lines. Here we have applied a limiting dilution system to determine the frequency of precursor cells of resting L3T4+ and Ly-2+ lymphocytes which can be induced in vitro by antigen/lectin to express TSP-1. T cell subsets were either positively enriched by flow cytofluorometry cell sorting or by negative selection using monoclonal antibodies and complement. Following stimulation of lymphocytes in vitro, individual microwells were tested for growth by visual examination and for the TSP-1 protein/enzyme by analyzing cell lysates using either a specific rabbit anti-TSP-1 antiserum and/or the chromogenic model peptide substrate H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-p-nitroanilide. Moreover, a large panel of L3T4+ and Ly-2+ T lymphocyte clones generated from primary cultures were similarly investigated. In some cell cultures the presence of TSP-1 was also tested on the mRNA level using a TSP-1-specific oligonucleotide probe. The data show that the majority, if not all, of antigen/lectin-induced-Ly-2+ T cells expressed TSP-1. In contrast, only 12%-27% of the growing lectin or antigen reactive L3T4+ lymphocytes were positive for the enzyme. Studies performed in parallel with L3T4+ and Ly-2+ lymphocyte populations sensitized in bulk culture showed that under these conditions similar levels of TSP-1-specific mRNA and enzyme activity are detected in both subsets. The finding of primary L3T4+ T lymphocyte clones with distinct patterns of TSP-1 production provides evidence for the existence of two types of L3T4+ effector cells with different functional capacities. The data also suggest a cooperation between distinct L3T4+ lymphocytes for induction of optimal TSP-1 activity in L3T4+ T cells. PMID- 3259929 TI - The complement subcomponent C1q mediates binding of immune complexes and aggregates to endothelial cells in vitro. AB - The present studies were initiated to investigate whether soluble immune complexes, upon interaction with complement, can bind to endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE) were incubated with purified human 125I labeled C1q at 4 degrees C in RPMI-0.5% bovine serum albumin and assayed for binding. Optimal binding of 125I-labeled C1q to HUVE was reached within 2 h, and saturation of binding was found at concentrations of 5 micrograms/well input. The binding of 125I-labeled C1q was inhibitable with unlabeled C1q and by the collagenous region of pepsin-cleaved C1q. No inhibition was observed with the globular heads of C1q, suggesting that C1q binds to HUVE via the collagenous region of C1q. When HUVE were first reacted with various concentrations of C1q, washed and subsequently incubated with 125I-labeled aggregated human IgM (AIgM), binding of 125I-labeled AIgM to HUVE occurred depending on the dose of C1q. Only those aggregates of IgM which react with C1q in a solid-phase C1q binding assay were able to bind to HUVE presensitized with C1q. In addition it was shown that C1q mediated binding of aggregated IgG to HUVE. Furthermore, immune complexes (IC), that were prepared with bovine thyroglobulin (BTg) and rabbit anti-BTg, bound to C1q-preincubated HUVE. These studies suggest that localization of IC on endothelium can be enhanced following interaction of the IC with complement. PMID- 3259930 TI - Establishment of mouse thymic nurse cell clones from a spontaneous BALB/c thymic tumor. AB - This is the first report on the establishment of the readily identifiable and functioning thymic nurse cell (TNC) clones from the mouse thymus. In the course of the culture of an epithelial cell line using a medium with a low concentration of Ca2+ from the spontaneous BALB/c thymic tumor, lymphocytes as well as thymic stromal cells which were not apparently typical epithelial cells by light microscopy seemed to grow relatively well in one flask. The culture medium was exchanged with regular Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in the third week, and from that flask TNC clones were established together with lymphoblast cell clones. The established cells (IT-79MTNC3) were easily identified as TNC. They formed complexes with simultaneously established lymphoblast cells and were remarkably similar to those of fresh TNC and thymocytes. Cloned TNC could express Ia antigens. In co-culture experiments, cloned TNC together with recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2) appeared to support the growth of fetal thymocytes which with rIL 2 alone failed to proliferate. The supernatant of IT-79MTNC3 was previously found to contain the growth factor for some T cell clones. It remains to be solved whether the TNC affects fetal thymocytes through direct contact or secretes an active growth-promoting factor. Experiments along this line are now in progress. PMID- 3259931 TI - Behavioral effects of chronic exposure to selective D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptor agonists. AB - Chronic treatment with the selective D-1 agonist SKF 38393 induced behavioral supersensitivity (increased stereotypy and decreased locomotor activity) in response to apomorphine, In contrast, chronic treatment with the selective D-2 agonist LY 171555 resulted in a subsensitive behavioral response to apomorphine challenge. Chronic treatment with the combination of these drugs augmented apomorphine-induced stereotypic behaviors, but these were different in nature from those observed in animals treated with SKF 38393 alone. Chronic SKF 38393 treatment resulted in an enhanced behavioral response to SKF 38393 itself. Behavioral response to LY 171555 was affected only by chronic treatment with the combination of selective agonists. These results suggest that chronic D-1 receptor stimulation may be necessary and sufficient for the development of dopamine agonist-induced behavioral sensitization in the intact rat; the mechanism may involve increased sensitivity of D-1 receptor-associated mechanisms. Chronic D-2 receptor stimulation appears to have the opposite effect. These results also provide evidence that a synergistic interaction between receptor subtypes may underlie certain behavioral effects of chronic agonist exposure. PMID- 3259932 TI - Inhibition of sodium-dependent [3H]imipramine binding in rat brain by serotonin and serotonin uptake inhibitors. AB - The sodium-dependent component of [3H]imipramine binding in rat cerebral cortex was completely displaced by serotonin and non-tricyclic (fluoxetine) as well as tricyclic (clomipramine) serotonin uptake inhibitors. The competition curves were monophasic yielding pseudo-Hill coefficient close to unity and IC50 values of 89, 10 and 6 nM, respectively for serotonin, fluoxetine and clomipramine. The Ki of serotonin for the sodium-dependent [3H]imipramine binding was within the range of its Km for the uptake process. These results suggest that sodium-dependent [3H]imipramine sites relevant for serotonin uptake may be the same as the substrate recognition sites on the serotonin transporter. PMID- 3259933 TI - Modulation of extracellular proteolytic activity and anchorage-independent growth of cultured cells by sarcoma cell-derived factors: relationships to transforming growth factor-beta. AB - We have previously described a factor(s) produced by 8387 fibrosarcoma cells, which can affect plasminogen activator (PA) activity of cultured cells. Since then, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) has been established as a major growth factor/growth inhibitor that regulates both the expression and activity of PAs and their endothelial-type inhibitor (PAI-1). The present study was undertaken to characterize the 8387 fibrosarcoma cell-derived factor(s) and to investigate its relationships to TGF beta by analysis of modulation of PA activity and cell growth. The fibrosarcoma cell-derived proteins were partially purified from serum-free conditioned culture medium using Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography. Two separate fractions with apparent molecular weights of 16,000 and 12,000 contained activities that both decreased the secretion of PA activity by human lung fibroblasts and inhibited the soft agar growth of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Both factors affected similarly the production of urokinase type PA and PAI-1 in various cell lines and enhanced anchorage-independent growth of murine AKR-2B fibroblasts. The effects of these factors thus resembled those of TGF beta. The immunological relationships between the Mr 16,000 and Mr 12,000 factors and TGF beta were therefore studied using neutralizing anti-TGF beta antibodies. The TGF beta antibodies efficiently inhibited the effects of the Mr 16,000 factor but not those of the Mr 12,000 factor in cell culture assays. The results suggest that 8387 fibrosarcoma cells produce two major growth inhibitors, one of which is closely related to TGF beta. PMID- 3259934 TI - Calcitonin-related peptides in patients with acute leukemia: association of human calcitonin with poor prognosis. AB - Elevated serum levels of peptides hormones in patients with acute leukemia and production of these agents by the leukemic blasts have been described. In 77 patients with acute leukemia the influence of common risk factors and elevations of serum levels of calcitonin-related peptides on clinical outcome was evaluated. By multivariate analysis, only age and elevated serum level of h-CT were found to be significantly correlated to survival. CGRP and s-CT showed no influence on outcome. Closer inspection of the clinical course of these patients showed that patients with elevated h-CT are not likely to survive the first 4 weeks after diagnosis. The possibility that this hormone may influence the biological behavior of the leukemic cells is discussed. PMID- 3259935 TI - [Mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of benzofurocaine and voltaren]. AB - Non-narcotic analgesics benzofurocaine and voltaren (10% of LD50) were shown to exert the protective effect on rats in castor oil-induced diarrhea, to decrease in mice the degree of pain reaction under the influence of acetylcholine, acetic acid and thermic stimulation. PMID- 3259936 TI - [Influence of enzyme inducers and inhibitors of the metabolism of xenobiotics and of the coenzyme forms of vitamins B1 and B2 on the anti-inflammatory effect of voltaren]. AB - In experiments on 245 male rats there was studied the influence of an inductor of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes, phenobarbital, an inhibitor of microsomal monooxygenases, cobalt chloride, and also coenzyme forms of vitamins B1 and B2, thiamine diphosphate and flavin mononucleotide on the anti-inflammatory effect of voltaren evaluated according to inhibition of an increase of the limb edema, a decrease of pain sensitivity, the blood level of fucose and the liver level of malondialdehyde in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Phenobarbital weakens the anti inflammatory action of voltaren but at the same time cobalt chloride and thiamine diphosphate potentiate the therapeutic effect of voltaren. Flavin mononucleotide fails to modify the effect of voltaren but decreases however its toxicity. PMID- 3259937 TI - Animal pharmacological effects of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 one of the endogenous substances regulating calcium metabolism. AB - Lewis lung carcinoma was found to cause hypercalcaemia in tumour-bearing mice. 24R,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, a naturally occurring steric epimer, significantly prolonged the survival time of mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. It also had an analgesic effect in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma and increased the strength of bone weakened by the carcinoma which causes abnormal calcium metabolism and results in hypercalcaemia. PMID- 3259938 TI - Ductal morphogenesis in the mouse mammary gland: evidence supporting a role for epidermal growth factor. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogen for a variety of cells in vitro, but studies on its effects in vivo and its possible role as a natural growth regulator are few. Using slow-release plastic implants, capable of delivering EGF to small regions of the gland over a period of several days, we have shown that EGF reinitiated ductal growth and morphogenesis in growth-static glands of ovariectomized mice. The effects of implanted EGF were confined to the zone around the implant and were time and dose dependent. Unimplanted glands in the same animal were unaffected. Local effects included (1) the formation of new ductal growth points (end buds), (2) the restoration of normal end bud histomorphology and the reappearance of a stem (cap) cell layer, (3) the reinitiation of epithelial DNA synthesis, and (4) an increase in ductal diameter. No lobulo-alveolar or hyperplastic growth was seen. Competitive binding assays and autoradiography were used to characterize EGF receptor activity in growing and static glands. High and low affinity receptors were demonstrated in each tissue, while 125I-EGF autoradiography revealed differential, specific binding of the ligand to certain epithelial and stromal elements. In the epithelium, label was concentrated in the cap cells of the end buds and in myoepithelial cells of the mammary ducts. Stromal cell label was heaviest adjacent to the epithelium in the end bud flank and subtending ducts, suggesting the induction of stromal EGF receptors by mammary epithelium. Because exogenous EGF is both a mitogenic and morphogenetic factor in this tissue and can serve as a locally acting substitute for known systemic mammogens such as estrogen and prolactin, it must be considered a strong candidate for a naturally occurring mammary tissue mitogen. PMID- 3259939 TI - Metamorphosis of behavior in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). AB - This study describes the development of different spontaneous and elicited behaviors of frogs and their relationship to morphological, physiological, and ecological changes of metamorphosis. Tadpoles were studied at all stages of development from Stage XVIII, the onset of metamorphosis, to Stage XXV, when metamorphosis of the froglets is complete. Behaviors examined included development of forelimb postural support, postural responses to vestibular stimulation, the hindlimb withdrawal reflex, the corneal reflex, ocular mobility, and habitat preference. Results showed that these behaviors differ markedly in their timing and rate of maturation. Forelimb postural support and postural responses to vestibular stimulation improved gradually between Stages XX and XXV. In contrast, the threshold of the hindlimb withdrawal reflex remained essentially unchanged until Stage XXV, when it increased suddenly and dramatically. The corneal reflex appeared suddenly at Stage XXI with a threshold similar to that of juvenile frogs. The ability to move the eyes in response to visual or vestibular stimulation was pronounced in tadpoles, but gradually declined between Stage XVIII and Stage XXV, so that froglets showed almost no ocular mobility. The preference of metamorphosing frogs for deep water, shallow water, shoreline, or land were examined in an aquarium during a 24-hr observation period using time lapse videotape recordings. Results showed that tadpoles spent progressively less time in deep water and shallow water as metamorphosis proceeded. Preference for land emerged suddenly at Stage XXII and remained high thereafter. There were no stage-related differences in preferences for the shoreline. PMID- 3259940 TI - [Intramyometrial PGF2 alpha administration in the control of severe atonic postpartum hemorrhage]. AB - The authors report on five cases of massive atonic uterine haemorrhage which could be influenced neither by repeated application of oxytocin nor by methylergometrin. Intramyometrial application of PGF2 alpha succeeded in inducing a satisfactory uterine tone and stopping the haemorrhage. With regard to own experiences and data from only few publications dealing with the use of prostaglandin in atonic haemorrhage, the authors consider transvaginal intramyometrial application of PGF2 alpha to be an effective method to circumvent an emergency hysterectomy. However, this should occur sufficiently early and in a dose of not less than 1 mg. PMID- 3259941 TI - [Gynecologic interventions in von Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome (2 case reports)]. AB - Gynecological procedures were performed in two patients with von Willebrand Jurgens Syndrome. Although both patients were known to have the disorder and appropriate measures were taken, severe bleeding complications occurred in both cases, in the one shortly postoperatively and in the other after discharge from hospital. Based on our experience and a review of the literature, we recommend the following therapeutic concept: preoperative increase of vWF to over 50% and normalization of bleeding time by administration of FFP and AHF, postoperative substitution with 2-3 units FFP and 1-2 units AHF daily through the 15th day postsurgery. PMID- 3259942 TI - Polymorphism of alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi) in the Swiss population determined by isoelectric focusing with an immobilized pH gradient. AB - The distribution of the phenotypes of alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi) was investigated in a Swiss population sample of 1,148 unrelated individuals using isoelectric focusing with a immobilized pH gradient. A short focusing period of only 2 h using high-voltage is an additional asset of this modified method. All common as well as the rarer phenotypes were reliably detected. However, detection of Pi M4 required a narrower pH range as chosen for routine work. The allele frequencies found were: PiM1:0.7121; PiM2:0.1381; PiM3:0.0976; PiS:0.0383; PiZ:0.0113; PiVar(I, N, V.Vdon):0.0026. PMID- 3259943 TI - Enhancement of antigen-specific interleukin 2 production by adding liposomes to rabies antigens for priming. AB - Antigen-specific IL-2 production was assessed, using splenocytes from rabies immune mice incubated for 24 h with rabies virus antigen. The antigenic material used for in vivo priming was either purified glycoprotein from rabies virus, or the inactivated virus. The time between priming, harvesting and restimulation of the splenocytes was 7 days. It was found that when antigenically inert liposomes were injected, together with antigenic material, to the prospective splenocyte donor mice, IL-2 production was enhanced. This augmentation was observed particularly when priming was performed with the inactivated rabies virus. PMID- 3259944 TI - Naturally-occurring tumor-reactive autoantibodies: a monoclonal antibody from normal mice reacts with tumor cells and with DNA. AB - A natural IgM monoclonal antibody, 1.67, was generated from apparently healthy unstimulated BALB/c mice. This antibody reacted with L5178Y murine T cell lymphoma, with human Raji cells, and with several normal cells. Further analysis of its ligand binding capacity disclosed strong binding to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). However, this naturally-occurring monoclonal antibody binds to different epitopes on cell membranes and on DNA than another anti-DNA monoclonal antibody (18/103/1) from human origin. This conclusion was based on competition assays. Furthermore, NOA 1.67 lacks the 16/6 idiotype expressed on the 18/103/1 antibody. The 16/6 idiotype is shared by human and mouse lupus monoclonal autoantibodies that bind simultaneously to lymphoid cells and DNA. This is a first report on a natural autoantibody that binds to malignant and to normal cell membrane(s) as well as to ssDNA. It may have regulatory functions controlling malignancy and or autoimmunity. PMID- 3259945 TI - Effect of human recombinant interleukin 5 and G-CSF on eosinophil colony formation. AB - Human recombinant (r) IL-5 was shown to have the activity to stimulate eosinophil (Eo) colony formation from human non-T, non-adherent bone marrow cells. The majority of these colonies were found to contain a small number of basophils, macrophages or neutrophils. Human rG-CSF, which alone did not stimulate Eo colony formation, showed an enhancing effect on Eo colony formation when added with IL 5. IL-5 seems to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of CFU-Eo, while G-CSF acts on the early stage of eosinophilopoiesis. PMID- 3259947 TI - Ly-39: a new lymphocyte alloantigen defined with a monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3259946 TI - A third class I major histocompatibility complex antigen encoded by a gene in the D region of the H-2d haplotype recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The D region of the H-2d haplotype contains five class I genes: H-2Dd, D2d, D3d, D4d and H-2Ld. Although previous studies have suggested the presence of D-end encoded class I molecules in addition to H-2Dd and H-2Ld, segregation of genes encoding such molecules has not been demonstrated. In this report we have used cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to examine the D region of the H-2d haplotype for the presence of additional class I molecules. CTL generated in (C3H x B6.K1)F1 (KkDk, KbDb) mice against the hybrid class I gene product Q10d/Ld expressed on L cells cross-react with H-2Ld but not H-2Dd molecules, as determined by lysis of transfected cells expressing H-2Ld but not H-2Dd. Although H-2Ld-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) completely inhibit H-2Ld-specific CTL from killing B10.A(3R) (KbDdLd) target cells, only partial inhibition of anti-Q10 CTL-mediated lysis was observed, suggesting the presence of an additional D-end molecule as a target for these latter CTL. To identify the region containing the gene encoding the Q10 cross-reactive molecule, we show that anti-Q10 CTL lyse target cells from a D-region recombinant strain B10.RQDB, which has H-2Dd, D2d, D3d, D4d, and H-2Db but not the H-2Ld H-2d, and H-2Ld (including D2d, D3d, and D4d), lacks this anti Q10 CTL target molecule. Together, these data demonstrate that a class I gene mapping between H-2Dd and H-2Ld encodes an antigen recognized by anti-Q10 CTL. A likely candidate for this gene is D2d, D3d, or D4d. PMID- 3259948 TI - Efficacy of miocamycin in the therapy of non-specific genital infections (NSGI): non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and acute urethral syndrome (AUS). AB - The therapeutic efficacy of miocamycin against Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis was the object of this study. Two different groups of patients were included in the trial: 40 males and 20 females affected by NGU and AUS respectively. All the patients positive for chlamydiae and/or ureaplasmas received 1200 mg/die of miocamycin for 12 days; a microbiological examination was performed 5 days from the end of the therapy. The therapy with miocamycin caused the resolution of both symptoms and microorganisms present. The use of miocamycin in current therapy could be favourable. PMID- 3259949 TI - Aeroionoprophylaxis of the recurrences of painful periods in gastroduodenal ulcers. AB - Prophylactic application (15-25 min/day for 10-15 days) of negative air ions in moderate concentrations (n- = 10,000 - 15,000; n+ under 1,000/ml air) was made in 28 young (students) outpatients suffering from gastroduodenal ulcer without a history of previous haemorrhages and who prior to aeroionotherapy had presented with recurrent painful crises (seasonally, or in periods of stress, work overpressure, examinations). Prophylactic treatment was applied with the view of preventing the painful period (tertiary prevention) and it was started about a month before the probable crisis. Air ions were produced by a corona-effect. Air ion concentrations were determined, with an Ebert-counter, at the respiration level of the exposed subjects. In 21 (75%) of the prophylactically treated patients the habitual painful crisis did not occur. These 21 patients, with favourable results were followed up the next one to two years, and the preventive treatment with air ions was applied again, a month before the winter examination session. In 15 of these patients the preventive treatment maintained its efficiency. No deterioration (painful crisis not within the usual period, or complications) occurred during the prophylactic air ion cure, or in the observation period. PMID- 3259950 TI - Association and dissociation of the murine T cell receptor associated protein (TRAP). Early events in the biosynthesis of a multisubunit receptor. AB - The T cell antigen receptor on most mature T cells consists of at least seven chains (the variable, clone-specific alpha and beta chains, and five constant chains, CD3-gamma, -delta, -epsilon, and -zeta 2). These chains assemble rapidly after synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. In this paper we describe an additional protein termed TRAP (T cell receptor associated protein) that is transiently associated with at least some of the newly synthesized murine receptor chains. TRAP remains bound to receptor subunits as they assemble for about 10-20 min after synthesis. Rapid dissociation of TRAP ensues. This can be blocked by manipulations that inhibit endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport or with agents that inhibit organelle acidification. In mutant T cells that fail to synthesize the beta chains, the partial complex fails to reach the Golgi system. Despite this, TRAP dissociates with kinetics similar to those observed in the parental T cells. Thus, our studies indicate that the dissociation of TRAP occurs in a pre-Golgi compartment by a process that requires an acidic intraorganellar pH. PMID- 3259951 TI - Glycosylation of CD4. Tunicamycin inhibits surface expression. AB - The T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 plays an important role in mediating cellular immunity and serves as the receptor for human immunodeficiency virus. We have examined the glycosylation of CD4 and asked whether carbohydrate addition is essential for proper expression of the glycoprotein on the cell membrane. Under conditions where treatment of CD4+ human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (CEM CM3 cells) with the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin decreased surface expression of CD4 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, the surface expression of several other glycoproteins was unaffected. Incubation with tunicamycin for 48 h inhibited mannose incorporation by 98%, caused a 76% decrease in CD4 surface expression as judged by flow cytometry, and had little effect on methionine incorporation. Scatchard analysis showed a decrease in the total number of CD4 molecules on the cell surface from 17,000 to 8,900 after 24 h of tunicamycin treatment. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled CD4 revealed the presence of an unglycosylated precursor in tunicamycin-treated cells. The observed difference between the Mr of the glycoprotein and its precursor is consistent with glycosylation at two potential N-linked sites. However, this precursor could not be detected by measuring steady state levels by immunoblotting. Also, no intracellular accumulation of CD4 in tunicamycin-treated cells was detectable using immunofluorescence microscopy. We conclude that surface expression of CD4 depends on glycosylation of the protein and that the unglycosylated precursor is preferentially degraded. PMID- 3259952 TI - Prevention of coronary spasms during aorto-coronary (A-C) bypass surgery for variant angina and effort angina with ST-elevation. AB - Aorto-coronary (A-C) bypass surgery was carried out in 15 cases of Prinzmetal's angina and effort angina with ST-elevation, commonly ascribed to coronary vasospasms. A-C bypass surgery is usually indicated for vasospastic angina when there are significant organic lesions of the coronary arteries. Fifty mg of verapamil was added to the priming solution for cardiopulmonary bypass, and A-C bypass surgery was successfully performed without the occurrence of perioperative coronary spasms even though severe episodes of spasm had been documented before surgery. However, four cases of vasospastic angina not receiving verapamil developed coronary spasms during or after A-C bypass surgery. It was concluded that administration of verapamil, a potent calcium entry blocking agent, is effective in preventing perioperative coronary vasospasms. Patency of the saphenous vein grafts bypassing the spasm-related coronary arteries was satisfactory. PMID- 3259953 TI - Predictors of success in bypass to the distal segment of completely occluded coronary arteries. AB - Suitability for grafting and efficacy of aortocoronary bypass to the completely occluded coronary artery were studied in 25 patients in whom bypasses were attempted to the segments distal to the complete occlusion. We concluded that even when a coronary artery is occluded completely, if the distal coronary artery has a suitable lumen and viable muscle remains, bypass to the segment distal to the occlusion is worthwhile. Bypasses on the left anterior descending arteries were successfully constructed in 80% of grade 3 patients where distal segments of occlusion were severely compromised. Thallium-201 stress-myocardial scintigraphy is reliable in confirming myocardial viability beyond the area of complete coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 3259955 TI - Projections of the medial preoptic nucleus: a Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin anterograde tract-tracing study in the rat. AB - The projections of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) were examined by making injections of the anterogradely transported lectin Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) into the MPN and charting the distribution of labeled fibers. The evidence indicates that the MPN projects extensively to widely distributed regions in both the forebrain and brainstem, most of which also supply inputs to the nucleus. An important neuroendocrine role for the MPN is underscored by its extensive projections to almost all parts of the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus, including the anteroventral periventricular, anterior part of the periventricular, paraventricular (PVH), and arcuate nuclei, and a role in autonomic mechanisms is indicated by projections to such regions as the dorsal and lateral parvicellular parts of the PVH, the lateral parabrachial nucleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Other projections of the MPN suggest participation in the initiation of specific motivated behaviors. For example, inputs to two nuclei of the medial zone of the hypothalamus, the ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei, may be related to the control of reproductive and ingestive behaviors, respectively, although the possible functional significance of a strong projection to the ventral premammillary nucleus is presently unclear. The execution of these behaviors may involve activation of somatomotor regions via projections to the substantia innominata, zona incerta, ventral tegmental area, and pedunculopontine nucleus. Similarly, inputs to other regions that project directly to the spinal cord, such as the periaqueductal gray, the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, certain medullary raphe nuclei, and the magnocellular reticular nucleus may also be involved in modulating somatic and/or autonomic reflexes. Finally, the MPN may influence a wide variety of physiological mechanisms and behaviors through its massive projections to areas like the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the lateral hypothalamic area, the supramammillary nucleus, and the ventral tegmental area, all of which have extensive connections with regions along the medial forebrain bundle. Although the PHA-L method does not allow a clear demonstration of possible differential projections from each subdivision of the MPN, our results suggest that each of them does give rise to a unique pattern of outputs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3259954 TI - The insulin-like growth factor I content in human milk increases between early and full lactation. AB - The concentration of immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in human mammary secretions, assayed after acid-ethanol extraction, was high [mean, 4.1 +/ 0.5 (+/- SE) nmol/L; n = 13] for several weeks prepartum. It then decreased during the first 3 days postpartum to 1.3 +/- 0.1 nmol/L (n = 28), in parallel with changes in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and protein concentrations. However, between the first and sixth weeks postpartum, the IGF-I concentration increased to 2.5 +/- 0.2 nmol/L (n = 18), while levels of EGF and protein decreased further. Given that the volume of milk produced increases during this period, the total IGF-I output rose by up to 4-fold, while EGF output remained constant. The increase in IGF-I and decrease in EGF in milk suggest that different regulatory mechanisms control the output of different growth factors by the mammary gland. PMID- 3259956 TI - Prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in areas with optimal and above optimal water-fluoride concentrations: a 5-year follow-up survey. AB - In 1980, the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis was assessed among lifetime resident children in four areas of Illinois with water fluoride concentrations of 1x, 2x, 3x, and 4x above the optimal level. In 1985, the same areas were resurveyed to determine if changes occurred in dental caries and fluorosis. PMID- 3259957 TI - Status report: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) units in pain control. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 3259958 TI - Acute promyelocytic leukemia appearing as spontaneous oral hemorrhage: report of case. AB - Oral signs and symptoms may often signify a serious underlying systemic disease. This case report describes a 45-year-old Oriental male with spontaneous oral hemorrhage and submucosal bullae of 4 days' duration. These oral findings represent the initial manifestations of acute promyelocytic leukemia. An aggressive postdiagnostic course was taken; however, the patient died 8 days after the diagnosis was established. PMID- 3259959 TI - Relation of global and regional left ventricular function to tomographic thallium 201 myocardial perfusion in patients with prior myocardial infarction. AB - To determine the relation between regional myocardial perfusion and regional wall motion in humans, tomographic thallium-201 imaging and two-dimensional echocardiography at rest were performed on the same day in 83 patients 4 to 12 weeks after myocardial infarction. Myocardial perfusion and wall motion were assessed independently in five left ventricular regions (total 415 regions). Regional myocardial perfusion was quantitated as a percent of the region infarcted (range 0 to 100%) using a previously validated method. Wall motion was graded on a four point scale as 1 = normal (n = 266 regions), 2 = hypokinesia (n = 64), 3 = akinesia (n = 70), 4 = dyskinesia (n = 13) or not evaluable (n = 2). Regional wall motion correlated directly with the severity of the perfusion deficit (r = 0.68, p less than 0.0001). Among normally contracting regions, the mean perfusion defect score was only 2 +/- 4. Increasingly severe wall motion abnormalities were associated with larger perfusion defect scores (hypokinesia = 6 +/- 5, akinesia = 11 +/- 7 and dyskinesia = 18 +/- 5, all p less than 0.01 versus normal. Among regions with normal wall motion, only 3% had a perfusion defect score greater than or equal to 10. Conversely, among 68 regions with a large (greater than or equal to 10) perfusion defect, only 13% had normal motion whereas 87% had abnormal wall motion. The relation between perfusion and wall motion noted for the entire cohort was also present in subgroups of patients with anterior or inferior infarction. In patients with prior myocardial infarction, the severity of the tomographic thallium perfusion defect correlates directly with echocardiographically defined wall motion abnormalities, both globally and regionally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3259960 TI - Iodine-123 phenylpentadecanoic acid and single photon emission computed tomography in identifying left ventricular regional metabolic abnormalities in patients with coronary heart disease: comparison with thallium-201 myocardial tomography. AB - Iodine-123 phenylpentadecanoic acid (IPPA) is a synthetic long chain fatty acid with myocardial kinetics similar to palmitate. Two hypotheses were tested in this study. The first hypothesis was that IPPA imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is useful in the identification of patients with coronary artery disease. Fourteen normal volunteers (aged 27 +/- 2 years) and 33 patients (aged 54 +/- 11 years) with stable symptomatic coronary artery disease and at least one major coronary artery with luminal diameter narrowing greater than or equal to 70% were studied with symptom-limited maximal exercise testing. The IPPA (6 to 8 mCi) was injected 1 min before the termination of exercise, and tomographic imaging was performed beginning at 9 min and repeated at 40 min after the injection of IPPA. Nine of the normal volunteers and 13 of the patients had a second examination performed at rest on another day. Using the limits of normal as 2 SD from the normal mean values, 27 of the 33 patients with coronary artery disease demonstrated abnormalities in either the initial distribution or the clearance of IPPA, or both. Nineteen of the 33 patients had a maximal variation of activity distribution of greater than or equal to 25% on the 9 min IPPA images. Twenty-two of the 33 patients had a maximal variation in IPPA washout greater than 17% and 17 had a washout rate less than or equal to 2%. There was good agreement between the location of significant coronary artery stenoses and abnormalities in the initial distribution and clearance of IPPA. The second hypothesis tested was that IPPA imaging is as or more sensitive and, therefore, complementary to thallium-201 imaging in the identification of exercise-induced ischemia in patients. Twenty-five of the 33 patients underwent both thallium-201 and IPPA tomographic imaging after symptom-limited maximal exercise testing. The amount of exercise performed by each patient during both studies was similar. Twenty-one of the 25 patients had abnormal IPPA tomographic studies, whereas 18 had abnormal thallium-201 tomographic studies (p = NS). The results of this study suggest the following conclusions: 1) iodine-123 phenylpentadecanoic acid imaging using single photon emission computed tomography and exercise provides a sensitive and relatively noninvasive method for identifying abnormalities in myocardial metabolism associated with significant coronary artery stenoses, and 2) iodine-123 phenylpentadecanoic acid is at least as sensitive as thallium-201 for this purpose using tomographic imaging and exercise testing. PMID- 3259961 TI - Non-Q wave versus Q wave myocardial infarction: regional myocardial metabolism and blood flow assessed by positron emission tomography. AB - This study compared regional myocardial blood flow at rest and during supine exercise as well as regional myocardial glucose utilization in the fasting condition in 22 patients, 11 with antecedent non-Q wave and 11 with antecedent Q wave infarction. With use of N-13 (nitrogen-13) ammonia and F-18 (fluorine-18) deoxyglucose as tracers of blood flow and exogenous glucose utilization and positron emission tomography, hypoperfused areas were noted at rest and during exercise in all 11 patients (100%) with Q wave infarction. Among the 11 patients with non-Q wave infarction such areas were noted in only 5 (45%) at rest and in 8 (73%) during exercise. Furthermore, segmentally enhanced F-18 deoxyglucose uptake corresponding to the infarcted areas (identified electrocardiographically) was seen in 10 (91%) of the 11 patients with non-Q wave infarction but in only 4 (36%) of the 11 patients with Q wave infarction (p less than 0.01). In conclusion, segmental F-18 deoxyglucose uptake as a possible sign of myocardial viability was seen more frequently in non-Q wave than in Q wave infarction and, importantly, regionally enhanced F-18 deoxyglucose uptake occurred even in the absence of segmental rest or exercise blood flow abnormalities, or both, in 5 (45%) of 11 patients with non-Q wave infarction. PMID- 3259962 TI - Selective defect in the antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b in children with recurrent infections and normal serum IgG subclass levels. AB - We studied 15 children with recurrent infections and normal serum IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgG-subclass levels. After immunization, the geometric mean serum IgG antibody concentration to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was eightfold lower than that of age-matched control subjects (p = 0.002). The patients also had a lower geometric mean concentration of serum IgM and IgA directed to Hib, although these differences did not reach significance. However, the groups did not differ in their response to diphtheria toxoid and pneumococcal polysaccharides. To confirm these findings, an additional 11 patients were identified and immunized. The geometric mean serum IgG anti-Hib concentration for this group of patients was also significantly lower than of normal subjects (p = 0.004). We propose that the defect in the antibody response to Hib may be a marker for a poor antibody response to a variety of bacterial and viral antigens that results in an increased propensity to recurrent infections. The defect was not associated with IgG-subclass deficiency. The identification of children with selective antibody deficiency and recurrent infections is important for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. PMID- 3259963 TI - Social, professional conditions and arterial hypertension: an epidemiological study in Dakar, Senegal. AB - A group of men and women (1315 and 554, respectively) employed by six companies in Dakar, Senegal, underwent a cross-sectional study. The prevalence of arterial hypertension, according to the WHO criteria, was found to be 7.4% among the men and 10.2% among the women. Risk factors for high blood pressure were: age, body mass index, illiteracy and factors related to occupation, such as occupational category and working conditions (e.g. noise and shift work). Therapeutic control was low in this community. Awareness of hypertension was high, but a high percentage of false positive diagnosis was observed among subjects labelled as hypertensives, on the basis of inaccurate blood pressure measurement. PMID- 3259964 TI - Novel and enhanced IL-1 gene expression in autoimmune mice with lupus. AB - IL-1 is a pleiotropic factor encoded for by at least two genes, alpha and beta, and capable of eliciting a broad set of immunologic and inflammatory events. MRL/MP-lpr (MRL-lpr) mice are an appealing model for studies of renal injury inasmuch as disease in this strain is spontaneous, rapid, predictable, and regulated by the lpr gene. Infiltration of macrophages and the proliferation of the glomerular mesangial cells are prominent features of renal disease. Because both mesangial cells and macrophages can synthesize IL-1, the purpose of this study was to determine whether enhanced IL-1 gene expression is associated with lupus nephritis in the MRL-lpr mouse model. Glomerular macrophages, abundant in the kidneys of MRL-lpr mice but rarely present in the kidney of congenic MRL/MP ++(MRL-++) mice, were isolated and cultured and found to express a 10-fold increase in both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA transcripts as compared with MRL ++ and MRL-lpr mesangial cells. IL-1 alpha was not detected in the total RNA extracted from freshly excised kidney, whereas IL-1 beta transcripts were detected in both the renal cortex of MRL-lpr as well as MRL-++ animals. A previously undetected truncated 1200 nucleotide IL-1 beta transcript together with the conventional 1600 nucleotide IL-1 beta transcript was found in kidneys from MRL-lpr and was abundantly expressed in glomeruli of MRL-lpr mice with lupus nephritis. Isolated glomeruli from MRL-lpr mice with nephritis produce IL-1, whereas in normal glomeruli from MRL-++ and C3H/FeJ mice this cytokine was not detected. Glomerular macrophages and mesangial cells cultured from MRL-lpr mice with nephritis both secrete IL-1. These studies indicate that IL-1 beta gene expression and IL-1 protein are increased in the kidneys of autoimmune mice with lupus nephritis and is generated, at least in part, by glomerular macrophages. We speculate that an alteration in IL-1 beta gene expression may be responsible for causing a cascade of events leading to acute and chronic renal injury. PMID- 3259965 TI - B cell stimulatory factor 1 induces lobster agglutinin 1-separated mouse thymocytes to express cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. AB - Mouse thymocytes low in surface sialic acid were prepared by using the lectin lobster agglutinin 1 (LAg1). These LAg1-thymocytes do not become CTL when incubated with Con A or Con A plus mouse rIL-2, whereas unseparated thymocytes and thymocytes with high levels of surface sialic acid develop good levels of polyclonal CTL activity under these conditions. However, LAg1- thymocytes developed high levels of CTL activity when incubated with B cell stimulatory factor-1 (BSF-1), provided as the supernatant of the rBSF-1-secreting T cell hybridoma D9-C1.12.17. Affinity-purified BSF-1 from D9-C1 supernatant and rBSF-1 also stimulated these cells to become CTL, but they were not as active as the D9 C1 supernatant. The ability of D9-C1 supernatant and of affinity-purified BSF-1 to induce CTL activity was inhibited by the anti-BSF-1 mAb 11B11. Moreover, this mAb inhibited the ability of 24-h Con A-stimulated spleen cell supernatant to induce these cells to express CTL activity. 11B11 also inhibited LAg1+ thymocytes from becoming CTL when stimulated with Con A alone. These experiments suggest that BSF-1 is required for LAg1- and LAg1+ thymocytes to become CTL. PMID- 3259966 TI - IL-2 rapidly induces natural killer cell adhesion to human endothelial cells. A potential mechanism for endothelial injury. AB - NK cells promptly disappear from the circulation of patients treated with high dose i.v. rIL-2. To further study this process, we evaluated the effects of IL-2 (1000 U/ml) on normal donor PBMC incubated for 1 h on cultured human saphenous vein endothelial cells (EC). Although the NK activity of non-adherent PBMC recovered from flasks coated only with fibronectin increased in the presence of supplemental IL-2, the activity of cells recovered from flasks coated with EC decreased when IL-2 was added to the medium. The percentage of NK (CD16+) cells among the EC-non-adherent PBMC was reduced relative to that of the input cells when IL-2 was added. The percentage of CD16+ cells in the EC-adherent PBMC, as well as their NK activity, increased in the presence of added IL-2. Although EC had no effect on the lysis of labeled K-562 cells by unstimulated PBMC in cold target competition experiments, they were able to compete in cytolytic assays using PBMC previously activated by exposure to IL-2 for 1 h. EC were not lysed by these briefly activated PBMC in 3-h cytotoxicity assays but were lysed by these effectors in 18-h assays and in 3-h assays using PBMC pre-activated by more prolonged culture with IL-2. The ability of IL-2 to induce NK cell adhesion to EC was not blocked by a mixture of neutralizing antisera raised against rTNF-alpha, rIL-1 alpha, and rIL-1 beta, factors known to promote leukocyte adhesion to EC. We conclude that IL-2 rapidly induces NK cell adhesion to EC and propose that this effect accounts for the disappearance of circulating NK cells after the infusion of high doses of IL-2. In addition, these results suggest that NK cells activated by IL-2 in vivo may injure the endothelium and contribute to the extravasation of plasma and the retention of fluid characteristic of IL-2 treatment. PMID- 3259967 TI - Role of asialo-GM1-positive lymphoid cells in mediating the toxic effects of recombinant IL-2 in mice. AB - Studies were performed to characterize the toxic effects of human rIL-2 in mice and to examine the mechanism of toxicity. Intraperitoneal administration of rIL-2 at doses greater than or equal to 2 X 10(6) U/kg twice each day for greater than or equal to 4 days led to toxicity in several strains of mice. The toxic effects of rIL-2 included the vascular leak syndrome (manifested by pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, and ascites), elevated hepatic transaminases, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, pre-renal azotemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, mild eosinophilia, and death. Marked lymphoid cell infiltration of pulmonary and hepatic vasculature was present in mice suffering from rIL-2 toxicity, and the pleural and ascitic fluids also contained high numbers of mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells isolated from the pleural fluids and livers of these mice were 74 to 98% Thy-1+, 55 to 83% asialo-GM1+, 29 to 45% Lyt-2+, and less than 10% L3T4+. These cells possessed potent lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-like activity in that their ability to lyse cells of the NK-resistant P815 mastocytoma line was 10- to 100-fold higher on a per cell basis than splenocytes from the same animals. A correlation was found between the dose level, duration, and frequency of dosing with rIL-2 required to induce pleural effusions and hepatotoxicity and the dosage regimens required to produce the LAK-like cells in the pleural cavities and livers, respectively, of rIL-2-treated mice. Moreover, treatment of mice with anti-asialo-GM1 (anti-ASGM-1) antiserum in vivo at the same time they were receiving toxic doses of rIL-2 abolished or greatly reduced the severity of the vascular leak syndrome and hepatotoxicity and significantly prolonged the survival of the mice. Administration of anti-ASGM-1 to mice receiving toxic doses of rIL-2 resulted in a marked reduction in the LAK-like cytolytic activity of their pleural and liver lymphoid cells and a corresponding reduction in the percentage of ASGM-1+ cells in pulmonary and hepatic lymphoid infiltrates. Nevertheless, the overall extent of pulmonary and hepatic lymphoid infiltration, as well as other consequences of rIL-2 administration, including splenomegaly, hypoalbuminemia, eosinophilia, and thrombocytopenia, were not diminished as a result of anti-ASGM-1 treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3259968 TI - Onchocerca volvulus. Monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody as antigen signal for the microfilaricidal cytotoxicity of diethylcarbamazine-treated platelets. AB - Over the past 35 yr, diethylcarbamazine (DEC) has been the most widely used agent for the treatment of filarial diseases, particularly in onchocerciasis. The microfilaricidal action of DEC has been recently shown to be mediated by blood platelets with the additional triggering of a filarial excretory Ag (FEA). This FEA could be detected by using mAb in the serum of infected patients. By using one mAb (IA2(23] directed against Onchocerca volvulus and recognizing circulating Ag (Ab1), we purified by affinity chromatography the target molecule of IA2(23) (an O. volvulus glycoprotein recognized by IA2(23) mAb). This compound had a dose dependent effect on the cytotoxic action of DEC-treated platelets. We subsequently produced an anti-idiotype mAb to Ab1 (Ab2), and considered the possibility of replacing the O. volvulus glycoprotein recognized by IA2(23) mAb by Ab2. Ab2 was selected according to its ability to inhibit the binding of radioiodinated Ab1 to the filarial target Ag. It induced the production of anti O. volvulus antibodies (Ab3) in rats. At a constant concentration of DEC platelets, the addition of increasing amounts of Ab2 led to a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against parasite larvae. Experiments performed with Ab2 on detergent solubilized surface proteins of platelets identified four bands of Mr 18, 26, 43.5, and 100 kDa, supporting the idea of the presence of binding sites on the platelets for a FEA required for the microfilaricidal cytotoxicity of DEC treated platelets. PMID- 3259969 TI - Regulation of an idiotype+ B cell lymphoma. Effects of antigen and anti-idiotopic antibodies on proliferation and Ig secretion. AB - The B cell surface Ig molecule plays an important regulatory role in delivering inductive/tolerogenic signals to the cell. In this paper, the effect of Ag and anti-idiotopic antibodies on the in vitro proliferation and Ig secretion of a B cell tumor was studied. The tumor (BCL1), which had been transfected with the TEPC-15 VH and VL Ig genes, expresses surface Ig and secretes antibody that binds the hapten phosphorylcholine. We found that Ag (C polysaccharide and phosphorylcholine carrier Ag) and two different anti-idiotopic antibodies, in the absence of T cells, all inhibited the proliferation of the T15+ transfectant cell line. The anti-idiotopic antibodies, but not Ag, also inhibited the secretion of T15 Ig by this cell line, suggesting different functional roles for Ag vs anti-Id in the regulation of B cell inactivation. The inhibition of secretion and proliferation appears to be cell cycle phase related. In addition, mouse rIL-4 could override the inhibition of proliferation induced in these studies. These phenomena, demonstrating that binding of surface Ig can result in the transduction of negative growth signals to a B cell tumor, can be viewed as a manifestation of immunologic tolerance. These findings collectively demonstrate that Ag and anti-Id mediate different signals to B cells via interaction with the surface Ig. Because of the monoclonal nature of the T15 transfectant and the anti idiotypic antibodies, this system can be used to investigate the underlying molecular reactions involved in the B cell response and induction of tolerance. PMID- 3259970 TI - Functional analysis of a cytoplasmic domain-deleted mutant of the CD4 molecule. AB - The CD4 molecule is a receptor found on a subset of T lymphocytes. It has been proposed that, upon binding MHC class II molecules expressed on APC, the CD4 molecule enhances the responsiveness of the T cell by increasing intercellular avidity and/or by transducing an intracellular signal. We have analyzed the effect of removing the cytoplasmic domain of the CD4 molecule on the ability of the CD4 molecule to enhance T cell responsiveness. The cytoplasmic domain-deleted mutant of the CD4 molecule (CD4 delta) was found to be as efficient as the CD4 molecule at enhancing responsiveness to cells bearing the appropriate Ag. If subcellular Ag in the form of purified Ag incorporated into liposomes was used, the CD4 molecule was found to be much more efficient than the CD4 delta molecule at enhancing responsiveness. However, the defect in the ability of the CD4 delta molecule to enhance responsiveness could be compensated for by increasing the level of expression of the CD4 delta molecule. PMID- 3259971 TI - Immunologic abnormality in NZB/NZW F1 mice. Thymus-independent occurrence of B cell abnormality and requirement for T cells in the development of autoimmune disease, as evidenced by an analysis of the athymic nude individuals. AB - Both NZB nu/+ and NZW nu/+ mice were microbially clean by cesarean section. The (NZB x NZW)F1 hybrid (NZB/W) nu/nu mice and nu/+ littermates were then generated by mating of NZB nu/+ with NZW nu/+mice under specific pathogen-free conditions. The female NZB/W F1 nu/nu mice did not develop autoimmune kidney disease, whereas all of nu/+ female littermates mice exhibited proteinuria and died of renal failure with a 50% survival time of 35 wk. Namely, nude mice had no signs of proteinuria up to the time of their death caused by other diseases rather than glomerulonephritis, and their mean survival time was greater than 45 wk. Nude mice had also no anti-ssDNA antibody in their serum. However, splenic B cells of NZB/W nude mice exhibited hyper-responsiveness to both LPS and B151-TRF2, a T cell-derived polyclonal B cell-stimulation factor, and produced large numbers of Ig-secreting cells and anti-TNP plaque-forming cells as well as anti-ssDNA antibody comparable to the nu/+ littermate mice. Interestingly, thymus-engrafted NZB/W nude mice developed autoimmune disease exemplified by the induction of anti ssDNA antibody and proteinuria at approximately the same time as their nu/+ littermates. These results indicate that the B cell hyper-responsiveness found in NZB/W mice is apparently determined by the T cell-independent process, and T cells are obligatorily required for the development of autoimmune disease in NZB/W mice. PMID- 3259972 TI - Reversible biotinylation of C1q with a cleavable biotinyl derivative. Application in C1q receptor (C1qR) purification. AB - Reversible biotinylation of human C1q without impairment of its physiologic functions has allowed us to develop a simple and rapid purification method for C1q receptor (C1qR). The biotinylating reagent, NHS-SS-biotin (Mr 606.7) contains an extended connector or cross-linker arm which limits steric hindrance and is bridged by a cleavable disulfide bond to the biotin component. Biotinylation was achieved by mixing C1q (in PBS, pH 7.4) with NHS-SS-biotin (dissolved in dimethyl formamide) in a 50:1 v/v and 1:25 mol/mol ratio and allowing the reaction to continue at room temperature for 4 h. The mixture was then dialyzed against PBS pH 7.4 (2 X 1 liter) and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and hemolytic assay using C1q depleted serum. Under these conditions neither denaturation of the protein nor loss of hemolytic activity was evident. Such biotinylated C1q (Bio-C1q) was used to pull out the C1qR from detergent-solubilized (1% NP-40 in PBS, pH 7.4 plus inhibitors) 125I-surface labeled membrane solution that had been first centrifuged (1 h, 45,000 X g, 4 degrees C) and then sequentially precleared with immobilized protein A, protein A-IgG and gelatin. The mixture of Bio-C1q and membrane solution was then incubated (20 h, 4 degrees C), applied to immobilized avidin (equilibrated with PBS, pH 7.4, 0.1% NP-40) and after washing, the bound C1qR was eluted with equilibrating buffer containing 1 M NaCl, and the C1q by same buffer containing 100 mM DTT. The eluted C1qR contained a major Mr 70,000 molecule which upon reduction electrophoresed with an apparent Mr of 85,000 90,000 as assessed by SDS-PAGE analysis. In addition, a faint single chain band of 30-40 kDa was eluted with the major band and may represent a non-covalently associated part of the C1qR molecule. PMID- 3259973 TI - Emergence of a B lymphocyte population with ADCC effector function in mammary tumor bearing mice. AB - Differential expression of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) effectors was studied in normal Balb/cCrgI mice and those bearing a chemically induced 7, 12 dimethylbenzanthracene mammary adenocarcinoma. Depletion of macrophages from normal mouse splenocytes by Sephadex G-10 columns resulted in elimination of ADCC. Further separation of the normal G-10 nonadherent splenocytes on nylon wool columns did not result in any population with significant cytotoxicity. However, Balb/c mice bearing mammary tumors showed enhanced levels of ADCC which were not eliminated by macrophage removal. Lymphocytes from tumor bearers further separated on nylon wool yielded nonadherent and adherent populations both capable of effecting significant ADCC. Treatment of the nylon nonadherent cells of both normal and tumor bearing mice with anti-asialo GM1 (AGM1) and complement decreased the ADCC responses. The same treatment only marginally affected cytotoxic levels of nylon adherent cells from tumor bearers, indicating that these effectors are primarily of non-NK lineage. In addition, G-10 nonadherent, nylon adherent cells from tumor bearers separated on a fluorescence activated cell sorter based on the presence of surface immunoglobulins (slg) revealed that both the slg- and slg+ (98% pure) sorted cells were capable of functioning in ADCC. To determine whether in the tumor mice the 2% of slg- cells present in the slg+ sorted population were the ADCC effectors, mixing experiments were done in which up to 10% of slg- cells from tumor bearers were added to nylon adherent cells from normal mice. No significant increases in ADCC levels were found over that of normal mice. These experiments indicate that the 2% slg- cells were not the ADCC effectors nor were they inducing normal B cells to exert this type of cytotoxic reaction in vitro. To further substantiate the B cell lineage of the slg+ ADCC effectors, surface immunoglobulins were removed with protease treatment. After a 36 hr incubation, 92% of the cells had regenerated their slg. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that various splenic lymphoreticular populations from tumor bearers possess an enhanced cytolytic activity against antibody coated target cells. Among these is a unique nylon adherent slg+ cell that is capable of functioning as an ADCC effector. PMID- 3259974 TI - Production of an eosinophil chemotactic lymphokine by a monocyte-derived factor from patients with hypereosinophilia. AB - Peripheral OKT4-positive T lymphocytes from patients with hypereosinophilia spontaneously and selectively produced an eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) with chemokinetic activity. The molecular weight of the ECF was about 45,000 to 70,000. A possible mechanism of its spontaneous production by T lymphocytes was analyzed. Culture supernatants of blood monocytes from the patients showed little or no ECF activity, but they had a potency to induce the ECF production from T lymphocytes from normal donors when the cells were stimulated by the supernatants, which suggests that a monocyte-derived soluble factor (MDF) stimulated T lymphocytes to produce an ECF resembling this spontaneously produced ECF from the patients. MDF seemed to be a synthesized protein by the cells. Gel filtration indicated that molecular weight of MDF ranged between 70,000 and 100,000. MDF activity was stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min but more, supernatants of stimulated monocytes by lipopolysaccharide or silica particles failed to show ECF-producing activity, whereas they showed evident lymphocyte activation activity. Neither recombinant IL-1 nor IL-2 had ECF and ECF-producing activity. From the present experiments, it was suggested that MDF was at least partly involved in the induction of ECF production by OKT4-positive T lymphocytes in patients with hypereosinophilia. PMID- 3259975 TI - Circulating plasma corticotrophin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity. AB - Normal human peripheral plasma, examined by direct radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) using seven different antisera, showed marked inhibition of tracer binding to antiserum. This apparently high CRF like immunoreactivity (CRF-LI) did not dilute in parallel with synthetic human CRF-41. In comparison, most equine and ovine plasma samples had low CRF-LI concentrations. Plasma fractionation of both normal and late pregnancy human plasma on Sephadex G-75 at neutral pH indicated the majority of the CRF-LI to be of large molecular size. The molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 29,000 following chromatography of normal human plasma on Sephacryl S-200. The high CRF-LI in normal plasma was reduced to barely detectable levels by methanol treatment despite the recovery of added human CRF-41 of greater than 80%. Methanol extracts of late pregnancy human plasma, however, retained high CRF-LI which exhibited the immunoreactive and Sephadex elution characteristics of synthetic human CRF-41. 125I-Labelled human CRF-41 added to human plasma showed a reversible, time-dependent alteration in molecular size and reduction in binding to excess antiserum. These findings indicate that direct RIA of human CRF in unextracted plasma leads to spurious results and suggest the presence in human plasma of an interfering factor and/or binding substance that is not generally apparent in equine or ovine plasma under the conditions described. PMID- 3259976 TI - Pain intensity measurements in patients with acute pain receiving afferent stimulation. AB - Six different pain rating scales, including a "pain relief scale", were compared in 80 patients suffering acute orofacial pain. Pain intensity measurements were made before and after a 30 min period of afferent stimulation (TENS/vibration and placebo). A good correlation was found between pain scores derived from the pain relief scale, visual analogue-, numerical- and graphic rating scales. The verbal rating scale did not perform well. The pain relief scale and the numerical rating scale are interesting alternatives to the established visual analogue scale. PMID- 3259977 TI - The pathophysiology of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by whole spinal cord in the Lewis rat. AB - Histological and electrophysiological studies were performed on Lewis rats with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by inoculation with guinea-pig spinal cord and Freund's adjuvants, in order to determine the cause of the neurological signs. These studies demonstrated demyelination-induced nerve conduction block in the large and also the smaller diameter fibres at the ventral root exit zone (VREZ) of the lumbar spinal cord. The demyelination at the VREZ affected both centrally and peripherally myelinated internodes, but predominantly the former. Studies on the H reflex recorded from a hindfoot muscle indicated normal peripheral nerve motor conduction but interruption of the monosynaptic reflex arc, as would be anticipated from this efferent conduction block and previously reported afferent conduction abnormalities. It is concluded that conduction block in alpha, beta and gamma motor fibres at the VREZ is an important cause of hindlimb weakness in whole spinal cord-induced acute EAE. PMID- 3259978 TI - Evaluation of immunoregulatory cells in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy among African and Indian patients. AB - Suppressor cells were assayed by numerical and functional tests in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) among African and Indian children in order to contribute to an understanding of the pathogenesis of these neurological disorders. Peripheral blood mononuclears (PBM) were classified as total T cells and T cell subsets by the OKT series of monoclonal antibodies and as B cells by the presence of surface immunoglobulin. The suppressive effects of PBM pretreated with concanavalin A (Con A) on normal homologous phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) transformation of mononuclear cells was determined. PBM stimulation by PHA was also assessed. Patients with DMD had a significant increase (P = 0.0353) in the number of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (1218 +/- 142 cells/mm3, mean +/- SE) as compared to controls (815 +/- 95 cells/mm3) and a significant reduction (P = 0.0282) in OKT4+ cells expressed as a percentage of OKT3+, 50% +/- 3 compared to 61% +/- 3. No differences were detected in any of the numerical assays employed in SMA as compared to controls, or within SMA patients according to severity of disease. Suppressor function and PHA transformation were normal in both groups of patients. No significant correlations were detected between numerical and functional assays of suppression. The implication of the results obtained for the role of immunoregulatory cells in the pathogenesis of DMD in these children is discussed. PMID- 3259979 TI - Inpatient recovery following myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 3259980 TI - Penetration of recombinant interleukin-2 across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. AB - Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) is an immunotherapeutic agent with efficacy against certain advanced cancers. The penetration of rIL-2 across the blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier was studied in 12 cancer patients who had no evidence of tumor involvement of the central nervous system. At different times during treatment with intravenous rIL-2, CSF was withdrawn either continuously for 8 to 26 hours via a lumbar subarachnoid catheter (in eight patients) or by a single lumbar puncture (in four). Bioassay showed the appearance of rIL-2 in lumbar CSF 4 to 6 hours after the first intravenous dose, a rise over 2 to 4 hours to a plateau of 3 to 9 U/ml, and clearance to less than 0.1 U/ml by 10 hours after the last dose. An abnormally elevated CSF albumin level in two of the twelve patients indicated alteration of the blood-brain barrier. There were no abnormalities in the CSF glucose level or white blood cell count. The CSF pharmacokinetics contrast with the rapid elimination of rIL-2 from plasma and demonstrate significant blood-CSF barrier penetration. These data support the possibility of achieving CSF levels of rIL-2 that are adequate to maintain activity of lymphokine-activated killer cells after parenteral administration, and argue for rIL-2-associated disruption of the human blood-brain barrier in some patients. PMID- 3259981 TI - Transfer bias and the association of cognitive impairment with falls. AB - The authors hypothesized that cognitive impairment is associated with falls in older adults, but that transfer bias may obscure this association in cross sectional community studies. The bias would arise if demented patients who fall are relatively unavailable to community surveys due to death or institutionalization. To test this hypothesis, a "dose-response" relationship between falls and cognitive impairment was tested for using data from a longitudinal cohort study of 157 patients with Alzheimer-type dementia. In a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, when 96% of the cohort were community residents, the association between falls and cognitive impairment was insignificant (odds ratio for a 10-point change in Mini-mental State score = 1.2, 95% confidence interval 0.76-1.9). Yet cognitive impairment at baseline predicted falls during three-year follow-up (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0). Both severity of dementia and falls were risk factors for death or institutionalization. Patients at highest risk for leaving the community during follow-up were those who became non-ambulatory. The authors conclude, based on longitudinal data, that there is a dose-response effect between cognitive impairment and falls. Transfer bias probably obscured the association at baseline. These data emphasize the importance of prospective studies of falls. PMID- 3259982 TI - The hazards of using active clinic patients as a source of subjects for clinical studies. AB - The authors describe and empirically demonstrate a form of bias that results from deriving subjects for clinical studies from available patients currently being followed in specific disease clinics instead of inception cohorts (patients enrolled at a uniform and early point in their disease). They label this effect "clinic patient bias." It is a variation of prevalence-incidence (Neyman) bias in that it also results from the time gap between the onset of a specific characteristic (a risk factor, exposure or disease) and enrollment in the study, causing selective exclusion of fatal or short episodes, or mild or silent cases. Clinic patient bias may distort an estimate of relative risk in either direction. The empirical example is derived from a study of risk factors for developing complications such as peritonitis among end-stage renal disease patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The use of available clinic patients rather than an inception cohort (patients newly beginning CAPD) resulted in the demonstration of false apparent risk relationships for two variables: the calendar date when patients began CAPD (with those enrolled at an earlier time appearing to be at lower risk), and serum albumin level at the start of CAPD (with those having lower albumin levels appearing to be at higher risk). This example demonstrates one of the potential hazards of using active or available clinic patients as a source of subjects for clinical studies. PMID- 3259983 TI - Clinical significance of anti-Ro(SSA) antibody in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A group of 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with anti-Ro antibody were compared to an age and sex matched group with RA. Both had similar articular manifestations but the anti-Ro positive patients had more severe extraarticular as well as serological abnormalities. Vasculitis, liver abnormalities, neutropenia and circulating immune complexes were prominent while sicca features were not. Treatment with remission inducing drugs failed frequently without increased toxicity. Two patients with classical RA with anti-Ro developed subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and anti-dsDNA. Our observations suggest that the presence of anti-Ro in RA sera may be a marker for a small but significant subset of rheumatoid disease. PMID- 3259984 TI - Further analysis of learned helplessness in rheumatoid arthritis using a "Rheumatology Attitudes Index". AB - A Rheumatology Attitudes Index (RAI) has been modified from the Arthritis Helplessness Index to assess the psychological construct of learned helplessness. The validity of the RAI was established in comparisons to the Arthritis Helplessness Index. The external criterion validity of the RAI was established by identification of statistically significant correlations between RAI scores and physical measures of disease status, including joint count, grip strength, walking time, and button test, as well as with questionnaire self-report scores for difficulty, dissatisfaction and pain in activities of daily living (ADL). Any variation in RAI scores which could be explained by available disease status measures was explained entirely by ADL self-report scores, with no additional explanation by traditional physical measures. Responses to individual RAI statements were significantly correlated with either questionnaire or physical measures of disease status for only 6 of the 15 RAI statements. PMID- 3259985 TI - Serum and urinary aminoterminal type III procollagen peptide in progressive systemic sclerosis: relationship to sclerodermal involvement, serum hyaluronan and urinary collagen metabolites. AB - Increased serum values of aminoterminal type III procollagen peptide and hyaluronan (hyaluronate) and enhanced urinary content of hydroxyproline and hydroxylsine containing polypeptides were demonstrated in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). The serum propeptide level and the relative urinary excretion of hydroxyproline as polypeptides were related to the extent of cutaneous involvement. Elevated serum propeptide and hyaluronan values were seen in patients who progressed within the following 6 months. Patients with CREST syndrome had normal propeptide values. Reduced renal propeptide clearance is a likely cause of high serum levels of propeptide degradation products demonstrated in PSS. Serum propeptide seems to be a useful novel marker for disease activity and progression in PSS because of its linkage to the actual connective tissue metabolism. PMID- 3259986 TI - The effect of age on clinical and serological manifestations in unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In a unique series of 80 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus constituting all identified cases in a defined population, the effect of age, at onset and at diagnosis, on disease expression was examined. Contrary to current views, the incidence of the disease was similar among all age groups. The proportion of patients with serositis, secondary Sjogren's syndrome, and anti-SSA antibodies gradually increased with age, while that of cutaneous symptoms, antibodies to native DNA, and hypocomplementemia decreased. Serositis was common as the initial symptom in the elderly and serositis or musculoskeletal manifestations were the initial symptom in 88% of patients over 50 at onset of disease. PMID- 3259987 TI - Reactive arthritis associated with Clostridium difficile enteritis. AB - Reactive arthritis of one or more peripheral joints developed after an enteric infection with Clostridium difficile in 2 adult patients. Other reactive signs such as conjunctivitis, mucous membrane lesions and urethritis were absent. One patient had the HLA-B27 antigen. Short term followup showed a benign course of the arthritis. Three other cases of arthritis associated with C. difficile were reviewed. PMID- 3259988 TI - Prostatectomy in patients with bleeding disorders. AB - Urological surgery is becoming increasingly necessary in patients with acquired or congenital bleeding disorders. We reviewed the management of 10 such patients who required prostatectomy. The average age of the patients at operation was 65.7 years. Seven patients underwent transurethral prostatectomy and 3 underwent suprapubic prostatectomy. Postoperative bleeding occurred in 9 patients who required secondary procedures. Bleeding occurred an average of 13 days postoperatively. The mean hospital stay was 24 days. Partial thromboplastin time when determined was uniformly elevated in all patients preoperatively. The amount of factor and blood replacement is presented. Perioperative management of these patients is discussed in detail. A rational approach for the prevention of postoperative bleeding is presented. PMID- 3259990 TI - [Inflammatory bowel disease; etiology and progress of immunological studies]. PMID- 3259989 TI - Risk factors for hypoglycemia associated with pentamidine therapy for Pneumocystis pneumonia. AB - In 1984, three patients died of severe hypoglycemia after receiving pentamidine isethionate to treat Pneumocystis pneumonia. These deaths occurred on days 8, 12, and 19 of treatment, respectively. To assess risk factors associated with pentamidine treatment and hypoglycemia, we reviewed records of patients treated with pentamidine in New York City in 1984; ninety-seven percent of these patients had a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Hypoglycemia occurred in 23 (14%) of 164 patients. Hypoglycemia was more likely to occur in patients who received therapy of longer duration and an increasing dosage of pentamidine. Patients at greater risk for hypoglycemia also included those who had received pentamidine previously and those who experienced azotemia during treatment. This serious, potentially fatal, reaction should be considered in all patients who are treated with pentamidine, particularly those receiving prolonged or recurrent therapy. PMID- 3259991 TI - [Endocrinologic diseases and colonic dysfunction]. PMID- 3259992 TI - [Application of the immunocytological method to liver diseases: new lymphocyte stimulation test using human recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with drug induced allergic liver injuries]. PMID- 3259994 TI - [Medical check-up of the aged. 3. A comprehensive theory (1)]. PMID- 3259993 TI - Glycosphingolipids in sheep liver, kidney, and various blood cells. AB - Sheep liver, kidney, bone marrow, and erythrocytes gave their own specific patterns of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids. A major neutral glycosphingolipid was found to be lactosylceramide in the liver and bone marrow, glucosylceramide in the kidney, and Forssman glycolipid in the erythrocytes, respectively. The Forssman glycolipid was not found in the liver, kidney, bone marrow, leukocytes, platelets and plasma even by a sensitive thin layer chromatography immunostaining, but two unknown glycosphingolipids, reactive to Forssman antibody, were slightly recognized in addition to Forssman glycolipid in the erythrocytes. Sulfolipids were found certainly in the kidney, but not found in the other tissues and cells. GM3 as a major ganglioside and other minor gangliosides whose sialic acids consisted of both N-acetylneuraminic acid and N glycolylneuraminic acid were found in liver, kidney, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma, whereas the sheep erythrocytes were found to contain three major gangliosides of GM3, disialosyltetraglycosylceramide (probably disialosyllactoneotetraosylceramide) and disialosylhexaglycosylceramide (probably disialosyllacto-norhexaosylceramide) which had N-glycolylneuraminic acid and N acetyl-neuraminic acid. PMID- 3259995 TI - Inhibition of growth of early passage normal rat liver epithelial cell lines by epidermal growth factor. AB - The proliferation of newly derived or early passage nonparenchymal rat liver epithelial cell lines in serum-containing medium was inhibited consistently by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Inhibition of proliferation by EGF was a dominant effect which could not be overcome by insulin, phorbol ester or substances which raised the intracytoplasmic concentration of cyclic-AMP (cholera toxin and dibutyryl cyclic-AMP). EGF has a heterogeneous effect on colony formation by individual cells of early passage cell lines. Whereas the colony-forming ability of a majority of these cells was inhibited by EGF, a small fraction of the cells resisted this effect and formed colonies in the presence of EGF. Clonal strains of EGF-inhibited and EGF-stimulated cells were isolated. Measurement of 125I-EGF binding capacity of these cell strains revealed no significant differences between the EGF-inhibited and EGF-stimulated cells. In general, EGF-stimulated cell strains demonstrated faster growth rates and higher colony-forming efficiencies than EGF-inhibited strains. EGF-induced growth inhibition however, was an unstable phenotype that might be diminished or lost after multiple passages, especially when cells were allowed to remain confluent for many days between passages. These observations may explain the consistent findings that in late passage, rat liver epithelial cell lines in which the conditions for culture and times of subcultures have not been controlled rigorously, the inhibitory effect of EGF usually is not observed. PMID- 3259996 TI - Epicardial coronary blood flow including the presence of stenoses and aorto coronary bypasses--II: Experimental comparison and parametric investigations. AB - This article is the second in a series which presents a computer model of the left coronary arteries. The first article discussed the geometry, the governing equations, and the numerical method employed. This paper details an acute canine experiment used to validate the approach as well as the systematic investigation of several important parameters governing the left coronary circulation. These parameters include peripheral resistance, wall properties, and altered geometric properties through various stenosis/bypass configurations. With appropriate selection of parameters, the model reproduces an in vivo waveform very closely. The model also predicts many clinical phenomena, such as the "critical" value of stenosis, the dramatic reduction in flow through a stenosis when bypassed, and the restorative effect of the bypass upon flow to the distal bed. The model also is used to show that the autonomic state of the animal profoundly affects the influence of various factors, e.g., the critical value of a stenosis is much higher under resting conditions than under hyperemic conditions. PMID- 3259997 TI - Stimulation of T cell immunity by arginine enhances survival in peritonitis. AB - T cell-mediated immunity may play a role in host responses to infection. Arginine is a known thymic and T cell stimulator which enhances host allogenic, mitogenic, and anti-tumor responses. We, therefore, examined the effect of arginine on the survival of rats with severe and lethal peritonitis induced by cecal ligation and double-needle puncture (CLP). In Experiment 1, arginine HCl (100 mg) was given bid by gavage starting immediately after CLP. In Experiment 2, the same dose of arginine was given by gavage bid for 3 days pre-CLP and continued thereafter. In Experiment 3, arginine was administered iv post-CLP (100 mg tid). Arginine had no effect on overall survival in Experiment 1. In Experiments 2 and 3, arginine therapy significantly increased survival at all times. A separate experiment was carried out to determine the reason for the differential response to arginine administered via gavage or iv post-CLP (Experiments 1 and 3). Nonseptic rats showed a 400% increase in plasma arginine 30 min after gavage with 100 mg arginine (P less than 0.001). No rise in plasma arginine was noted when arginine was administered by gavage post-CLP. The impaired intestinal absorption or markedly increased utilization of arginine in this septic model may explain why no improved survival was seen in Experiment 1. The mechanism for the improved survival with arginine therapy seen in Experiments 2 and 3 may be related to its known thymic and T cell immunostimulatory effects. PMID- 3259998 TI - Human placenta contains a high affinity R1881 binding site that is not the androgen receptor. AB - Human placental cytosol was shown to contain a species that binds the synthetic androgen, methyltrienolone (R1881) with high affinity (Kd 6.5 nM). Major differences were found between this placental androgen binding species and the classical androgen receptor found in human foreskin cytosol. Competitive binding assays in the placental cytosol using [3H]R1881 as tracer showed a 200-fold excess of testosterone to compete poorly, while dihydrotestosterone and the synthetic androgen mibolerone did not compete at all. The placental R1881 binding component was found not to bind to hydroxylapatite, although all classes of steroid receptors are reported to do so. Temperature studies showed that the placental binding site is stable at elevated temperatures with no loss of binding after 4 h at 45 degrees C. Ion exchange chromatography showed that the placental R1881 binding site eluted from DEAE cellulose at a lower salt concentration than foreskin androgen receptors. These results show that R1881 is not entirely specific for androgen receptors and that human placenta contains an androgen binding site that is not the classical androgen receptor. PMID- 3260000 TI - Effects of recombinant G-CSF and GM-CSF on the growth in methylcellulose and suspension of the blast cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - The effects of two recombinant human CSFs (G-CSF and GM-CSF) on the growth of blast progenitors from 36 acute myeloblastic leukemia patients were studied in methylcellulose and suspension cultures. Blast colony formation in methylcellulose and the growth of blast progenitors in suspension were stimulated by G-CSF or GM-CSF. Their responses to CSFs were different from those of normal myeloid progenitors. First, the sensitivity of blasts to 0.01 ng/ml of G-CSF and 0.001 ng/ml of GM-CSF was significantly increased compared with normal. Second, in more than 70% of patients, the pattern of the responsiveness to the two CSFs was aberrant compared with ordered response in normal subjects. Third, in about half of the patients, combination of G-CSF and GM-CSF showed synergism for the growth of blast progenitors in both culture methods, whereas negligible or no synergism was observed in normal subjects. Finally, when stimulated by G-CSF, GM CSF, or both, a significant relationship was noted between blast colony formation in methylcellulose and blast progenitor growth in suspension, suggesting that CSFs do not affect the balance between self-renewal and terminal divisions of blast stem cells. PMID- 3259999 TI - Loss of ovarian 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase activity induced by human chorionic gonadotropin is correlated with in vivo substrate availability. AB - Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to hypophysectomized immature rats caused a rapid reduction in ovarian microsomal 17 alpha hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase activity (cytochrome P450(17 alpha] with a concomitant large increase in serum progesterone (P4) level. Pretreatment with cycloheximide (Cyclo) or aminoglutethimide (Ag) prevented these effects of hCG, while Actinomycin D (Act-D) or Azastene, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, were ineffective. In ovaries with enzyme activity increased by 48 h exposure to pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin, hCG also caused a large decrease in enzyme activity but only after a lag period of about 2 h: P4 levels were increased simultaneously. Administration of Cyclo. or puromycin (Puro) caused a loss of enzyme activity without changing P4 levels, but both inhibitors prevented some of the loss of activity and rise in P4 induced by hCG. AG and Act D completely inhibited the enzyme reducing action of hCG, as well as the increase in P4 synthesis, in these animals. P4 applied directly onto one ovary of an animal given hCG plus AG reduced enzyme activity by 69%. The results are consistent with the interpretation that increased substrate concentration is one of but not the only important factor in loss of hydroxylase/lyase activity induced by a sudden large increase in luteinizing hormone activity. PMID- 3260001 TI - [Acute coronary surgery in acute myocardial infarction can prevent myocardial muscle damage]. PMID- 3260002 TI - Cloning, characterization and regulation of an alpha-amylase gene from Streptomyces limosus. AB - An alpha-amylase gene (aml) of Streptomyces limosus ATCC 19778 was cloned in Streptomyces lividans 66. S1 mapping experiments identified an aml transcript 1.8 kb in length and the extracellular enzyme was estimated to be 59 kD in size, suggesting that aml was transcribed as a monocistronic mRNA species. Expression of the gene was induced by maltose (or maltodextrins) in S. limosus and when aml was cloned in S. lividans or Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). In S. limosus, mannitol repressed aml expression while glucose had little or no effect; in S. lividans and S. coelicolor the relative effects of the two sugars were reversed. Both induction and carbon-source repression of aml expression appeared to occur at the level of transcriptional initiation. Glucose repression in S. coelicolor was dependent upon a functional glucose kinase gene. PMID- 3260004 TI - Localization of a major receptor-binding domain for epidermal growth factor by affinity labeling. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was affinity labeled with 125I-labeled EGF, using bifunctional covalent cross-linking agents. The affinity-labeled receptor was isolated and cleaved with CNBr to yield a single-labeled fragment, which was unequivocally identified by site-specific antibodies and other methods to encompass residues 294 to 543 of the EGF receptor. On the basis of amino acid sequence conservation, the extracellular portion of EGF receptor can be divided into four domains. The labeled CNBr fragment contains the entire sequence which is flanked by the two cysteine-rich domains of extracellular portion of the EGF receptor denoted as domain III. On the basis of these and other results, we propose that domain III contributes most of the interactions that define ligand binding specificity of the EGF receptor. PMID- 3260003 TI - Characterization of antigen receptor response elements within the interleukin-2 enhancer. AB - T-cell activation and induction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression in human T lymphocytes require both interaction of foreign antigen with the T-cell antigen receptor and protein kinase C (PKC) stimulation. Agents such as phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA) that stimulate PKC augment the effects of antigen but are not sufficient for IL-2 activation. By analysis of deletion mutants, we identified three DNA sequences extending from -73 to -89, -217 to -255, and -263 to -279, designated IL-2 sites A, D, and E, respectively, that are required for maximal induction of IL-2 expression. One of these regions, site E, interacted with a protein (NF-IL-2E) present only in the nuclei of cells which have been stimulated. The other two sequences interacted with a protein (NF-IL-2A) that is constitutively expressed in T cells. When multiple tandem copies of either the E site or the A site were placed upstream of the gamma-fibrinogen promoter, they activated expression via this promoter in response to signals initiated at the antigen receptor but not following PMA stimulation. For this reason, we denoted them antigen receptor response elements. The uncoupling of antigen receptor and PKC requirements in these studies indicates that these signal pathways are, at least in part, distinct and integrated at the level of the gene. PMID- 3260006 TI - Reliability of biotinylated DNA probes in colony hybridization: evaluation of an improved colony lysis method for detection of TEM-1 beta-lactamase. AB - Utilizing an improved method for colony hybridization developed by Haas & Fleming, biotin and 32P-labelled TEM-1 probes were compared for sensitivity and specificity in identifying the type of beta-lactamase made by over 100 clinical bacterial isolates. The new procedure was more reliable than a standard one, but still gave more than 20% false positive and false negative reactions. PMID- 3260005 TI - Relationship between androgen-induced cell proliferation and sensitivity to exogenous growth factors. AB - The relationship between growth factor responses and androgen-induced cell proliferation was studied in a mouse renal tumor (RAG) cell line, a hybrid (F614B16) rat prostate x RAG cell line, and an 8-azaguanine-resistant revertant of the F614B16 cell line. The hybrid F614B16 cells are very sensitive to androgens; treatment with 20 nM 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone accelerated cell growth in the presence or absence of serum. In contrast, the RAG cells and 8 azaguanine-resistant F614B16 cells responded to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone only in the absence of serum. Variation in the proliferative response to androgens among these cell lines was associated with variation in growth factor sensitivity. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimulated basal and androgen induced growth of F614B16 cells in serum-free and serum-supplemented media, whereas it inhibited RAG cell growth. Basic FGF stimulated basal, but not androgen-induced growth of revertant F614B16 cells. The cell lines also differed in sensitivity to epidermal growth factor, which had no effect on hybrid cell growth but inhibited RAG and revertant cell growth in a dose-dependent fashion in serum-free media. The results of these studies suggest that androgen-sensitivity is associated with a positive response to FGF and insensitivity to exogenous epidermal growth factor. PMID- 3260007 TI - Molecular genetic analysis of nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency associated with HLA-B14,DR1. AB - Nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is a frequent, relatively mild disorder of cortisol biosynthesis, characterized by variable signs of postnatal androgen excess. It is inherited as an allelic variant of the gene designated CYP21B, which encodes 21-hydroxylase. CYP21B is located in the HLA histocompatibility complex, and a "nonclassic" allelic variant is often associated with characteristic HLA antigens--B14,DR1. We cloned and analyzed the CYP21B gene from a patient homozygous for HLA-B14,DR1 who had nonclassic 21 hydroxylase deficiency. Five deviations from the normal genetic sequence of CYP21B were found, but only one appeared likely to affect the functional integrity of the protein: codon 281, GTG, encoding valine, was changed to TTG, leucine. We constructed an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the mutant DNA sequence surrounding codon 281 and hybridized the probe with DNA samples digested with the restriction endonuclease Taql. Samples from eight patients with nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency who had the haplotype HLA-B14,DR1 contained a hybridizing fragment 3700 base pairs long, indicating the presence of the valine-281 mutation in the CYP21B gene. In contrast, unaffected subjects and one patient with nonclassic deficiency who did not have HLA-B14,DR1 had no evidence of this mutation. We conclude that the mutation in codon 281 is a consistent molecular genetic marker for nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency associated with HLA-B14,DR1. PMID- 3260008 TI - Cobalamin and osteoblast-specific proteins. AB - Cobalamin deficiency has well-known hematologic and neurologic effects, but little is known about its other effects. We therefore studied the effect of cobalamin on osteoblast-related proteins. We found that mean (+/- 1 SD) levels of skeletal alkaline phosphatase in the blood were lower in 12 cobalamin-deficient patients (3.89 +/- 2.19 units per liter) than in 5 nondeficient and 5 iron deficient control subjects (7.55 +/- 3.99 units per liter). The degree of the megaloblastic anemia correlated with the reduction in skeletal alkaline phosphatase levels (r = 0.67, P less than 0.01). With cobalamin therapy, levels of skeletal alkaline phosphatase rose in 11 of the 12 cobalamin-deficient subjects but not in the controls. The cobalamin-deficient patients also had significantly lower osteocalcin levels than the control subjects (1.11 +/- 0.77 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.49 nmol per liter). During cobalamin therapy, these levels rose in the cobalamin-deficient patients but not in the controls. In contrast to the levels of osteoblast-related proteins, hepatic alkaline phosphatase levels were similar in the patients and controls and were usually unaffected by cobalamin therapy. In vitro studies of calvarial cells from chicken embryos showed that their alkaline phosphatase content was cobalamin-dependent, thus supporting our in vivo observations in humans. Our findings suggest that osteoblast activity depends on cobalamin and that bone metabolism is affected by cobalamin deficiency, but we do not yet know whether cobalamin deficiency produces clinically important bone disease. PMID- 3260009 TI - Importance of early initiation of dietary protein restriction for the prevention of experimental progressive renal disease. AB - The effect of dietary protein restriction on the progress of renal dysfunction was investigated in rats with adriamycin (ADR)-induced progressive glomerular disease. Dietary protein was reduced from 20% (normal diet) to 5% (low protein) immediately after (ADR-0w), 8 weeks (ADR-8w) or 16 weeks (ADR-16w) after the repeated injection of ADR. In the unrestricted (ADR-UR) group rats were fed 20% of protein throughout the 24-week experiment. Massive urinary protein developed immediately after ADR injection and significantly decreased by reducing dietary protein in all the groups (ADR-0w, ADR-8w, ADR-16w). However, plasma protein and serum albumin were low irrespective of the improvement of urinary protein. BUN and serum creatinine were unchanged in ADR-0w and ADR-8w groups, while they were increased in ADR-16w and ADR-UR groups. Glomerular sclerosis and tubular atrophy were much less severe in ADR-0w and ADR-8w than in ADR-16w and ADR-UR groups. The results indicate that dietary protein restriction checks the further progress of renal dysfunction. The importance of the time when protein intake should be reduced is discussed. PMID- 3260010 TI - Drug abuse and depression: possible models for geriatric anorexia. AB - The central biochemical pathology of anorexia and the natural aging of the brain is similar. Biochemical models for drug withdrawal and depression may also assist in understanding geriatric anorexia. Norepinephrine, corticotropin releasing factor and beta-endorphin may key neurotransmitters in all of these conditions. PMID- 3260011 TI - PET/dementia: an update. AB - Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has held considerable promise as an investigative tool in the field of dementia but has yet to fulfill this promise. Review of pertinent problems in PET/dementia studies provides encouraging directions for future research. PMID- 3260013 TI - Cognitive and brain imaging measures of Alzheimer's disease. AB - The need to identify specific forms of dementia and their stages has fostered a surge to differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) from related dementias. Research has taken several directions, focusing on neuropsychological assessments, and now on neuroimaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). Defining methodological criteria for the diagnostic indicators is a major focus for these imaging methods. PMID- 3260012 TI - Positron emission tomography with the deoxyglucose technique and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. AB - Riege and Metter provide a useful review of the application of PET in the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We share their enthusiasm for continued support and development of tools to image metabolic processes. Our commentary focuses on neuroimaging and the diagnosis of AD and introduces some new data that directly impacts on the interpretation of PET-2-deoxyglucose (2DG) data. PMID- 3260014 TI - [Electrophysiological analysis of the degree of damage and regeneration of the facial nerve in tumors of the cerebellopontile angle]. AB - In 7 patients with peripheral facial nerve paralysis during the development of pontocerebellar angle tumor or caused by damage to the nerve during surgical removal of the tumour the blink reflex and the peripheral nerve conduction were studied. Additionally, in 5 of these cases clinical and electrophysiological follow-up was carried out after operations of anastomosing of the hypoglossal nerve to the facial nerve. In all these cases the blink reflex was absent after the operation. On the other hand, from the third month on after the anastomotic operation a return was observed of the conduction in the facial nerve. Complete condution never returned despite evident clinical improvement in some case. Muscle atrophy, involuntary movements or associated movements in the facial muscles on the side of the anastomosis, which are frequent during spontaneous regeneration, were never observed. PMID- 3260015 TI - Orthodromic (intra/extracranial) neurography to monitor facial nerve function intraoperatively. AB - This report introduces the technique of orthodromic neurography for monitoring of facial nerve function during operation in the cerebellopontine angle. By stimulation of the intracisternal segment of the facial nerve, a compound nerve action potential with amplitudes of 15 to 480 microV can be recorded extracranially from the nerve near the stylomastoid foramen after 0.95 to 2.27 ms. Usually there is no need for signal averaging, and the method is independent of the effect of muscle relaxants. With the use of the same electrophysiological equipment as for evoked potential neuromonitoring, immediate and repeated localization of the facial nerve and its discrimination from the trigeminal and the lower cranial nerves during nerve preparation within the tumor capsule is possible. PMID- 3260016 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide evokes fast and slow depolarizing responses in guinea pig coeliac neurons. AB - Pressure application of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) evoked in a population of coeliac neurons three types of response: a fast, a slow and a biphasic depolarization consisting of the first two responses in sequence. The fast and slow depolarization exhibited distinct electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics, suggesting that these two responses may be mediated by separate CGRP receptors. Moreover, our results show that CGRP is one of the few peptides known to date that cause a fast, sodium-sensitive depolarization. PMID- 3260018 TI - [3H]inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate binding in human cerebral cortex. AB - Specific, saturable and reversible binding of [3H]inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) was demonstrated to membranes prepared from autopsied cerebral cortices from 6 subjects who were free from psychiatric or neurological disease. The binding has an affinity of 27 +/- 8 nM (mean +/- S.E.M.); capacity (Bmax) of 1.09 +/- 0.18 pmol/mg protein and is reversible in the presence of an excess of unlabelled IP3. These [3H]IP3 binding sites are likely to be physiologically significant receptors which merit further characterization in the normal and diseased human brain. PMID- 3260017 TI - The sensitivity of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons to MPP+ does not increase with age. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if the enhanced striatal dopamine depletion induced by MPTP in older mice is due to increasing sensitivity of older nigrostriatal neurons to MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion). MPP+ (the putative toxic metabolite of MPTP) was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to 6- to 8-week-old and 8- to 10-month-old animals. No significant differences in the dopamine-depleting effects of this compound were observed between the two age groups, suggesting that older nigrostriatal neurons are not more sensitive to MPP+. To be certain that increased sensitivity in older animals was not being masked by (1) increased removal of MPP+ from the CNS compartment or (2) enhanced degradation of MPP+, the fate of i.c.v. administered MPP+ was determined in the two age groups using 3H-labeled MPP+ and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. No differences were found in the elimination of radioactivity, all of which could be accounted for as MPP+. We conclude that kinetic factors which alter the concentration of MPP+ at its target site, rather than increased sensitivity of older nigrostriatal neurons to MPP+, account for the age-related effects of systemically administered MPTP. PMID- 3260019 TI - Thymoma, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and AIDS. PMID- 3260020 TI - Promising results with drugs for chemoprophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS. PMID- 3260021 TI - Derepressed beta-lactamase production as a mediator of high-level beta-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas cepacia. AB - A mechanism of high-level resistance to readily and poorly hydrolyzable beta lactam substrates in Pseudomonas cepacia was identified using a hypersusceptible, beta-lactamase-inducible, non-CF clinical isolate, 75-26, and a drug-resistant mutant derived from this strain. Inoculation of 75-26 onto agar containing 16 micrograms/ml of ceftazidime produced a stable, beta-lactam-resistant mutant at a frequency of 1.7 x 10(-5). Baseline beta-lactamase production by a representative mutant isolate (75-26z) was almost 40-fold greater than the parent. Both strains produced major beta-lactamase bands with isoelectric points of 6.9, 7.8, 8.1, 8.5, and 9.2 by isoelectric focusing. Compared with the parental strain, multiple satellite bands associated with the major beta-lactamase bands were present in the mutant. Growth of an indicator strain, E. coli ATCC 25922, was inhibited by ceftazidime and piperacillin but was not inhibited after the compounds were preincubated with the beta-lactamase preparation from 75-26z. Preincubation of ceftazidime with beta-lactamase, followed by the addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor, inhibited the growth of the indicator strain; piperacillin failed to inhibit growth of the indicator strain in a similar experiment. One mechanism of high-level resistance to both poorly and readily hydrolyzable beta-lactam substrates in P. cepacia is derepressed chromosomal beta-lactamase production. PMID- 3260022 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b: a rare case of congenital conjunctivitis. PMID- 3260023 TI - Meningitis caused by ampicillin and chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 3260024 TI - Erythromycin ethylsuccinate-sulfamethoxazole mixture vs. amoxicillin for acute otitis media. PMID- 3260025 TI - [Experience in using reflexotherapy with children]. PMID- 3260026 TI - Trans- and paracellular K+ transport in diluting segment of frog kidney. AB - In frog diluting segment transepithelial K+ net flux (JKte) occurs via trans- and paracellular transport routes. Inhibition of transcellular K+ transport discloses JKte across the shunt-pathway. By means of K+-sensitive microelectrodes we have measured secretory JKte induced by an acute K+ load, in the diluting segment of the isolated and doubly-perfused frog kidney. Transcellular K+ transport was inhibited by blocking the luminal K+ permeability either directly by barium or indirectly by the diuretic drug amiloride (via intracellular acidification induced by inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange), by the Na+/K+ pump inhibitor ouabain or by inducing an acute acid load. All experimental maneouvers led to a reduction of secretory JKte to about 50% of the control JKte. The apparent permeability coefficient for K+ of this nephron portion after inhibition of transcellular secretory JKte was reduced to a similar extent. We conclude: In frog diluting segment the ratio of trans- over paracellular JKte is close to unity. This ratio represents a minimum estimate because inhibition of the transcellular K+ pathway by barium, amiloride or an acute acid load may have been incomplete. Acidosis and/or amiloride exert large antikaliuretic effects due to the inhibition of the luminal K+ permeability. PMID- 3260028 TI - Human pancreatic amylase is encoded by two different genes. PMID- 3260027 TI - In vitro transcription and translational efficiency of chimeric SP6 messenger RNAs devoid of 5' vector nucleotides. AB - A plasmid containing the bacteriophage SP6 promoter, designated pHSTO, permits in vitro transcription of RNAs devoid of vector-derived nucleotides. This vector has been characterized for relative transcriptional activity using constructs which alter the conserved nucleotides extending beyond the SP6 transcriptional initiation site. SP6 polymerase efficiently transcribes cDNA inserts which contain a guanosine (G) nucleotide at position +1 relative to the SP6 promoter; however, inserts with an adenosine (A) or pyrimidine at position +1 are not transcribed. Several cellular and viral cDNAs have been transcribed into translatable messenger RNA using this vector; however, SP6 polymerase will not transcribe the A-T rich untranslated leader from alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 4 efficiently unless the viral mRNA cap site is separated from the transcriptional initiation site by twelve base pairs of vector DNA. Chimeric messenger RNAs were created by linking the untranslated leader sequence of several viral mRNAs to the coding region of barley alpha-amylase, and the resultant mRNAs were translated in a wheat germ extract to determine relative translational efficiencies. The untranslated leader sequences of turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein mRNA and black beetle virus RNA 2 did not increase translational efficiency, while the tobacco mosaic virus leader stimulated translation significantly. The results indicate that substitution of a cognate untranslated leader sequence with a leader derived from a highly efficient mRNA does not necessarily predict enhanced translational efficiency of the chimeric mRNA. PMID- 3260029 TI - Specific immunity. 1. PMID- 3260030 TI - Specific immunity. 2. PMID- 3260031 TI - Characterization of a zinc blotting technique: evidence that a retroviral gag protein binds zinc. AB - We have characterized a simple method that uses 65ZnCl2 to detect zinc-binding proteins that have been immobilized on nitrocellulose. Conditions have been identified that permit the detection of as little as 1 microgram of some zinc binding proteins. The specificity of the binding is indicated by the ability of other divalent metal ions to compete with 65Zn(II) in this assay. We have used this technique to provide evidence that the nucleic acid-binding gag protein of retroviruses also binds zinc. This technique can be applied to biological mixtures of proteins and may be used in proteolytic mapping studies to identify protein fragments that have zinc-binding activity. PMID- 3260032 TI - Reactivity of cytosine and thymine in single-base-pair mismatches with hydroxylamine and osmium tetroxide and its application to the study of mutations. AB - The chemical reactivity of thymine (T), when mismatched with the bases cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and of cytosine (C), when mismatched with thymine, adenine, and cytosine, has been examined. Heteroduplex DNAs containing such mismatched base pairs were first incubated with osmium tetroxide (for T and C mismatches) or hydroxylamine (for C mismatches) and then incubated with piperidine to cleave the DNA at the modified mismatched base. This cleavage was studied with an internally labeled strand containing the mismatched T or C, such that DNA cleavage and thus reactivity could be detected by gel electrophoresis. Cleavage at a total of 13 T and 21 C mismatches isolated (by at least three properly paired bases on both sides) single-base-pair mismatches was identified. All T or C mismatches studied were cleaved. By using end-labeled DNA probes containing T or C single-base-pair mismatches and conditions for limited cleavage, we were able to show that cleavage was at the base predicted by sequence analysis and that mismatches in a length of DNA could be readily detected by such an approach. This procedure may enable detection of all single-base-pair mismatches by use of sense and antisense probes and thus may be used to identify the mutated base and its position in a heteroduplex. PMID- 3260033 TI - Characterization of frequent deletions causing steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is caused by mutations in the CYP21B gene. This gene and a highly homologous pseudogene, CYP21A, alternate with the C4A and C4B genes encoding the fourth component of complement. Classical deficiency alleles are frequently caused by deletions of CYP21B or by gene conversions that transfer deleterious mutations from the CYP21A pseudogene to CYP21B. Gene conversions involving restriction enzyme sites that distinguish CYP21A [e.g., 3.2-kilobase (kb) Taq I fragment] and CYP21B (3.7-kb Taq I fragment) might be confused with actual deletions of CYP21B. To determine the incidence of this type of gene conversion, 15 chromosomes (in 13 families) with absent 3.7-kb Taq I fragments were studied. When hybridized with a 21-hydroxylase probe, all of these chromosomes were associated with absent 2.9-kb Kpn I fragments, 14 of 15 were associated with absent 2.4-kb Bgl II/EcoRI fragments, and 13 of 15 were associated with absent 10-kb Bgl II/EcoRI and 12-kb EcoRI fragments. Thirteen of 15 chromsomes had absent 6.0- or 5.4-kb Taq I fragments when hybridized with a C4 probe. Thus, 2 of 15 chromosomes do not carry deletions and may represent gene conversions; 13 of 15 chromosomes studied have a deletion of approximately equal to 30 kb, leaving behind the C4A gene and a single CYP21A-like gene. Hybridization with specific oligonucleotide probes showed that in all 13 cases this remaining CYP21 gene carried an 8-base-pair deletion, typical of CYP21A, that prevents synthesis of a functional protein. Thus, gene conversions are rarely confused with deletions as a cause of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 3260035 TI - Differentiation of an interleukin 3-dependent precursor B-cell clone into immunoglobulin-producing cells in vitro. AB - Precursors to B-cell lines with immunoglobulin genes in the germ-line context have been shown to be capable of generating mature B cells in vivo. We report here that an interleukin 3-dependent precursor B-cell line, LyD9, differentiated in vitro into mature B cells, producing IgM and IgG by coculture with bone marrow accessory (or stroma) cells or with dendritic cells and T cells. Up to 50% of IgM positive cells, but no Thy-1-positive cells, appeared after the 7- to 10-day coculture. Induced LyD9 cells underwent heterogenous immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and synthesized mRNAs encoding immunoglobulin mu, gamma, and kappa chains. However, these cells did not show any rearrangement of genes encoding the alpha and beta chains of the T-cell receptor. The induction of differentiation by coculture with bone marrow stroma cells was blocked by anti-lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 or anti-interleukin 4 antibody. These systems are useful for molecular biological studies on regulation of differentiation of bone marrow derived cells into the B-cell lineage. PMID- 3260034 TI - Differential ability of B cells specific for external vs. internal influenza virus proteins to respond to help from influenza virus-specific T-cell clones in vivo. AB - When a helper T-cell (TH) clone specific for the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix protein, or nucleoprotein of influenza strain A/PR/8/34 is adoptively transferred to athymic mice 1 day after virus infection the anti-viral antibody response of the mouse is enhanced. This response is directed predominantly to the hemagglutinin and requires associative T-cell-B-cell interactions. Delaying transfer of the TH clone has three consequences: (i) the onset of the anti hemagglutinin antibody response is delayed; (ii) the titer of the anti hemagglutinin response is reduced; and (iii) the titer of the antibody in the response against the internal proteins, matrix protein and nucleoprotein, is enhanced upon transfer of matrix protein- or nucleoprotein-specific, but not hemagglutinin- or neuraminidase-specific, TH clones. Thus, there is a hierarchy of help: B cells recognizing viral surface components, hemagglutinin or neuraminidase, can receive help from TH clones specific for any of the major structural viral proteins. In contrast, B cells responding to internal viral components, matrix protein or nucleoprotein, are restricted to receiving help almost exclusively from TH clones with the same protein specificity. These observations suggest that, upon B-cell surface immunoglobulin-antigen interaction and uptake of intact virus, B cells specific for viral surface proteins process and present all major structural viral antigens, enabling the B cells to interact with TH clones specific for any virion protein. B cells recognizing internal viral components, which may be accessible to interaction with B-cell immunoglobulin receptors mainly as free proteins, would present only the protein for which they are specific and, thereby, receive help only from the TH clones of the same protein specificity. PMID- 3260037 TI - Role of T-cell-dependent immune system in wound healing. PMID- 3260036 TI - Dual effects of serotonin on a voltage-gated conductance in lymphocytes. AB - The effects of serotonin (5-HT), a well-known immunomodulator and neurotransmitter, on the ionic permeability of a pre-B lymphocyte cell line was investigated with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. We found that physiological doses of this biogenic amine regulate a voltage-gated potassium channel by activating different subsets of receptors. More specifically, 5-HT induces in the recorded cells (i) increase in the maximum potassium conductance, which is due to activation of 5-HT1-like receptors, and (ii) acceleration of the inactivation process that is under the control of 5-HT3 receptors and, accordingly, is mimicked by the 5-HT3 agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT; involvement of those two distinct categories of receptors was demonstrated by using specific antagonists that block predominantly one or the other of these two actions. These two results show that hormones can affect lymphocyte physiology through modulation of their ionic conductances in a way that might help explain some of the diverse effects of 5-HT on neuronal cells. PMID- 3260038 TI - [Correlation of the incidence of ambulatory and inpatient treatment in neurology/psychiatry in the course of a year]. AB - There should be more out-patient treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. This first-ever coverage of the morbidity of out-patient treatment over a period of one year in Berlin enables appraisal in comparison to the amount of inpatient treatment, broken down according to diagnosis, age, and sex. This offers pointers for future training and capacity. PMID- 3260039 TI - Thixotropy: stiffness recovery rate in relaxed frog muscle. AB - The stiffness of relaxed frog muscle is affected by its previous history of movement. The extent of this thixotropic effect is dependent on the size of the applied force (Lakie & Robson, 1988). The stiffness recovery following movement has now been studied at two temperatures, and has been shown to proceed at a logarithmically declining rate. PMID- 3260040 TI - [EGF receptors (epidermal growth factor) and steroid receptors in human meningioma]. AB - Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) were assayed by 125I-EGF binding in 28 surgical samples of human meningiomas. High affinity EGF-R were found in 26/28 tumors (92 p. 100) at concentrations ranging from 20 to 410 femtomoles per mg of membrane protein (fmol/mg prot. mb.). In 18/26 cases (64 p. 100), the EGF-R concentration was between 95 and 230 fmol/mg prot. mb. No relationship was found between the EGF-R level and the site or histopathology of the tumor. The only noticeable observations were the low levels of EGF-R in the 3 anaplasic meningiomas as compared to the whole population and the undetectable level of EGF R in the angiomatous tumors. In addition, no correlation was found between EGF-R levels and the hormonal status of the patients, nor between EGF-R levels and the intratumoral concentration of progesterone receptors assayed simultaneously. The biological relevance of EGF-R in meningioma is discussed in this context. PMID- 3260041 TI - Effect of tranexamic acid on gastric bleeding in rats. AB - Bleeding from an induced gastric mucosal wound was monitored for 2 h in a rat model, in which normal hemostasis was disturbed mechanically by perfusing the lesion with saline. The hemorrhage was characterized by continuous bleeding and/or episodes of spontaneous rebleeding, as often seen in patients with gastric hemorrhage. The antifibrinolytic agent, tranexamic acid, significantly reduced total bleeding volume and number of rebleeding episodes, suggesting that plasmin induced fibrinolysis might aggravate gastric mucosal hemorrhage. PMID- 3260042 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the relief of postoperative pain in children. PMID- 3260043 TI - [Immunohistochemical diagnosis of histiocytosis X. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3260044 TI - [Study of immunological markers and their correlation with the FAB classification in 100 acute leukemias]. PMID- 3260045 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of T cell type in the intestine in a patient with celiac disease and ulcerative jejunitis. An example of the diagnostic value of DNA probes]. PMID- 3260046 TI - [Clinico-morphological research on the effect of electrostimulation on the function of the orbicularis oris muscle in congenital unilateral cleft of the upper lip]. PMID- 3260047 TI - Small bowel transplantation in the rat. Effect of pretransplant blood transfusions and cyclosporine on host survival. AB - We investigated the effect of pretransplant conditioning as a way to reduce the need for the aggressive immunosuppressive therapy reportedly required in small bowel (SB) allograft recipients. LEW rats were conditioned with (1) a donor specific blood transfusion (DST) on day -8 and a concurrent 5-day course of CsA (10 mg/kg/day); (2) a nonspecific blood transfusion and CsA; (3) CsA alone. A 10 cm segment of the host native bowel was then replaced with an equivalent segment of SB obtained from ACI rats. Postoperative treatment consisted of CsA at 2.5 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Rats conditioned with a nonspecific transfusion and CsA or with CsA alone survived for 14.1 +/- 5.8 and 18.3 +/- 5.7 days, respectively. In contrast, rats conditioned with DST and CsA survived for 60.3 +/- 36.2 days (P less than 0.001 vs. both controls). Biopsies taken from long-term survivors showed a normal bowel architecture. The function of the allografts was studied in a group of animals totally deprived of their native bowel and transplanted with a 30-cm segment of ACI SB. CsA-DST-treated recipients survived an average of 90 +/- 43 days and grew at a rate comparable to isografted animals. Treated allograft recipients had maltose absorption indistinguishable from isografted controls at all times tested. In contrast, maltose absorption was severely impaired in recipients rejecting their grafts. This study demonstrates that long-term survival of SB allograft recipients can be achieved with good functional results with low doses of CsA in recipients conditioned with DST and CsA. PMID- 3260048 TI - The influence of repeated transfusions and cyclosporine on secondary alloantibody responses in inbred rats. AB - The influence of cyclosporine (CsA) on secondary and established alloantibody responses was evaluated in inbred Lewis rats and (AO x PVG)F1 hybrid rats. Lewis rats received weekly transfusions of DA whole blood for 8 weeks either with or without cyclosporine (15 mg/kg/day) after sensitization with DA splenocytes. Hybrid rats received only CsA (10 mg/kg/day) after similar sensitization. Administration of CsA did not affect the spontaneous decline in alloantibody titers against class I (RT1A) antigens, but it was associated with a significantly reduced response to class II (RT1B) antigens at the end of the study. CsA prevented maintenance of high alloantibody titers to RT1A antigens in Lewis rats transfused repeatedly following sensitization. IgG alloantibody subclass responses were also altered by CsA with significant reduction in titers of IgG1, 2a, and 2b against RT1A antigens in rats transfused repeatedly; CsA did not, however, suppress IgG2c alloantibody levels in these animals. Responses to public RT1A antigens disappeared in most animals irrespective of their treatment group, whereas those to private and public RT1B antigens persisted unless CsA was administered. The results suggest that, contrary to results obtained with other antigens, CsA does influence secondary alloantibody responses. CsA may thus prove of value in highly sensitized dialysis patients who require further blood transfusions. PMID- 3260049 TI - Spontaneous antibody secretion and DNA synthesis in blood lymphocytes increase during acute graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 3260050 TI - Results of a one-year open trial of cyclosporine in ten patients with severe myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3260051 TI - Cyclosporine A and cyclosporine G enhance IgG rheumatoid factor production in MRL/lpr mice. PMID- 3260053 TI - Cyclosporine A in psoriasis: an immunohistological study. PMID- 3260052 TI - The effects of cyclosporine A on T lymphocyte and dendritic cell subpopulations in psoriasis. PMID- 3260054 TI - [Substance dependence in females]. PMID- 3260056 TI - Common neurologic problems. PMID- 3260055 TI - [Acute duodenal obstruction caused by intramural hematoma]. PMID- 3260057 TI - [The T and B lymphocyte systems and the nonspecific defense factors in patients with hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3260058 TI - [Diagnostic significance of angioscopy in patients with coronary heart disease]. AB - Coronary angioscopy (CA) using ultrathin fiberscopes was performed in 30 patients with coronary heart disease during cardiac catheterization and in 11 patients during bypass surgery. For percutaneous CA the angioscope was introduced from the femoral artery through a 9F guiding catheter. During short-time occlusion of the coronary ostium by the tip of the guiding catheter the viewing field was flushed with Ringer's solution. Intraoperative CA was performed both by the retrograde and antegrade way during flushing with cardioplegic solution. Percutaneous CA was successful in 57% of patients. 13 patients showed eccentrically and irregularly shaped stenoses and 3 of these patients had an additional plaque rupture. In 2/5 patients CA after PTCA revealed intimal dissections not visualized by angiography. Intraoperative CA was successful in 9/11 patients. In 3 patients nonocclusive thrombi were found at the site of the coronary lesion. Additionally we studied the efficacy of angioscopic guidance during intravascular radiofrequency application. In 11/11 thrombotically occluded peripheral vessels this new method allowed a nearly complete recanalization. There was only one perforation of the vessel. We conclude, that CA is a powerful diagnostic tool providing prognostically relevant information in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. PMID- 3260059 TI - [Use of walking and sauna therapy in the rehabilitation of hypertensive patients with ischemic heart disease following aortocoronary venous bypass operation with special reference to hemodynamics]. AB - Rehabilitation results are reported concerning the behavior of blood pressure and heart rate, peripheral and central hemodynamics, after resting and during exercise and physical conditioning by running as training and sauna, respectively, in hypertensive patients with IHD after aortocoronary venous bypass (ACVB) surgery. Bicycle ergometric examinations an xenon wash-out (for the determination of the mean functional vessel cross section A) were performed in 43 male untrained patients before and after physical therapy. The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) at rest was also determined in these patients. Significant increases in the ejection fraction at rest (on average by 7-8%) could be demonstrated in both therapy groups. The group average value for peripheral microcirculation improved only in the sauna group. Blood pressure after resting and on exercise was not influenced. Results are discussed on the basis of the literature and practical conclusions drawn. PMID- 3260060 TI - [Dynamic sampling analysis of the immune status of patients with neurodermatitis receiving laser therapy]. PMID- 3260061 TI - A computerized system to measure interproximal alveolar bone levels in epidemiologic, radiographic investigations. II. Intra- and inter-examiner variation study. AB - The study was aimed at analyzing intra- and inter-examiner variations in computerized measurement and in non-measurability of alveolar bone level in a cross-sectional, epidemiologic material. At each interproximal tooth surface, alveolar bone height in percentage of root length (B/R) and tooth length (B/T) were determined twice by one examiner and once by a second examiner from x5 magnified periapical radiographs. The overall intra- and inter-examiner variations in measurement were 2.85% and 3.84% of root length and 1.97% and 2.82% of tooth length, respectively. The variations were different for different tooth groups and for different degrees of severity of marginal periodontitis. The overall proportions of non-measurable tooth surfaces varied with examiner from 32% to 39% and from 43% to 48% of the available interproximal tooth surfaces for B/R and B/T, respectively. With regard to the level of reliability, the computerized method reported is appropriate to cross-sectional, epidemiologic investigations from radiographs. PMID- 3260062 TI - The effect of plantation on increased allergic rhinitis in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. AB - In a study done between 1982-1986, 129 patients with allergic rhinitis were followed-up in the Outpatient Department of King Fahd University Hospital, Al Khobar (Saudi Arabia). Eighty patients were males (62%), 49 patients were females (38%); 71% Saudis, and 29% non-Saudis. Routine laboratory investigations, IgE and skin test were performed. The commonest allergens were pollens, house dust and cat danders. We found that males were significantly more affected than females, particularly in the cases of ages between 20-30 years. Beside the known causes, other factors such as the increase of plantation and local customs are discussed. PMID- 3260063 TI - Morphologic findings in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting for acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3260064 TI - Significance of cardiac weight in patients having coronary artery bypass grafting for angina pectoris. AB - Cardiac weight at necropsy in 211 patients who had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for angina pectoris, and its relation to early (less than 60 days) and late (greater than 60 days) death after CABG was sought. The 121 patients dying early had a lower mean heart weight than did the 90 patients dying late (444 +/- 94 vs 498 +/- 107 g; p less than 0.001). The mean heart weight of the 85 men dying early was less than that of the 75 men dying late (472 vs 506 g; p less than 0.05), and the mean heart weight of the 36 women dying early was less than that of the 15 women dying late (377 vs 459 g; p less than 0.005). Most patients with hearts of normal weight were in the early death group: of the 17 women with hearts of normal weight (less than or equal to 350 g), 16 (94%) died early (p less than 0.01), and of the 34 men with hearts of normal weight (less than or equal to 400 g), 21 (62%) died early (difference not significant). Conversely, most patients in the late death group had hearts of increased weight: of the 15 women dying late, 14 (93%) had hearts of increased weight, and of the 75 men dying late, 62 (83%) had hearts of increased weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3260065 TI - Are we sweeping DTP contraindications under the rug? PMID- 3260066 TI - A cecal angiodysplastic lesion is discovered during diagnostic colonoscopy performed for iron-deficiency anemia associated with stool positive for occult blood. What therapy would you recommend? PMID- 3260067 TI - A cecal angiodysplastic lesion is discovered during diagnostic colonoscopy performed for iron-deficiency anemia associated with stool positive for occult blood. What therapy would you recommend? PMID- 3260068 TI - Cutaneous vascular spiders in cirrhotic patients: correlation with hemorrhage from esophageal varices. AB - Ninety-two consecutive male cirrhotic patients had esophagoscopy to determine the presence and size of varices, and a concomitant skin examination for assessment of cutaneous vascular spiders. Thirty-one subjects bled from varices within 10 days of the spider evaluation, and this group was compared to 61 individuals who never bled. Our results show that incidence of spiders (90%) and varices (91%) is nearly identical, that frequency of variceal bleeding is higher among subjects with spiders compared with those who lack these lesions (36% vs 11%, p less than 0.05), and that the spider profile may be useful to identify individuals who are at increased risk for variceal hemorrhage. Frequency of bleeding was 50% (p less than 0.01) when greater than 20 spiders were present and 63% (p less than 0.01) when multiple atypically located lesions were detected. Large spiders (greater than 15 mm) correlate best with large varices and have the strongest association with bleeding (80%, p = 0.0002). If evidence of benefit from prophylactic treatment of esophageal varices can be established, then elements of the spider profile may serve as a discriminating marker to assist in selection of appropriate patients for therapy. PMID- 3260069 TI - Persistent hemorrhagic gastritis in a patient with portal hypertension and esophagogastric varices: the role of portal decompressive surgery. AB - Our patient, with cirrhosis, portal hypertension, varices, and chronic gastrointestinal bleeding from hemorrhagic gastritis, illustrates an important therapeutic principle. Since the gastritis is related to vascular changes and congestion of the stomach wall secondary to increased portal pressure, and not inflammation, measures aimed at local healing or surgical removal of the bleeding area fail. One must attempt to lower portal pressure with drugs such as propranolol and/or undertake portal decompressive surgery. PMID- 3260070 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Usage of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor concentrate in replacement therapy. A symposium. November 1, 1986, San Diego, California. Proceedings. PMID- 3260071 TI - Purification of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. Preparation and properties of a therapeutic concentrate. AB - Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (human) (A1PI) has now been prepared as a lyophilized concentrate and has been tested clinically in humans with A1PI deficiency (also called alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency). The protein was purified from plasma (Cohn fraction IV-1) by precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. The resulting product behaves almost indentically to the A1PI in plasma, showing that the process is gentle and nondenaturing. In order to lower the risk of transmission of disease, the product has been heat-treated. Although this resulted in some aggregation of protein, no new antigenic sites were created. Biologic, immunologic, and physiologic studies have shown that the protein behaves normally. PMID- 3260072 TI - Preclinical evaluation of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. Pharmacokinetics and safety studies. AB - To assess the pharmacodynamics and safety of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (human) (A1PI) isolated from pooled human plasma, a series of animal studies was conducted. Using both unlabeled and 125I-labeled A1PI (highly purified), plasma residence time and tissue distribution were determined in rabbits. A catabolic half-life of 48.5 hours was obtained for the labeled material, which agreed well with the antigenic decay (35.5 hours), measured with a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the functional activity decay (38.1 hours), measured antigenically by the ability of resident human A1PI to complex with human neutrophil elastase. No unusual tissue distribution was observed at the first, 24th, or 168th hour of sacrifice. Cynomolgous monkeys received infusions of labeled A1PI and a catabolic half-life of 55.45 hours was obtained; infusion of unlabeled material yielded anticipated plasma recovery and a significant increment in A1PI in bronchial-alveolar lavage fluid, both antigenically and functionally determined. Safety studies assessing acute physiologic response and both acute and subacute toxicity presented no significant adverse effects. We conclude that A1PI (human) presents normal pharmacodynamics and safety and is therefore associated with a wide margin of safety for the intended clinical applications. PMID- 3260073 TI - Production and administration to dogs of aerosols of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. AB - The feasibility of aerosol administration of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (human) (A1PI) was assessed. Of three different methods of aerosolizing A1PI that were evaluated, an ultrasonic nebulizer was found to be best suited to the present purpose, producing particles of a size that allowed them to reach the distal air spaces of the lung and that retained specific A1PI anti-elastase activity. Administration of 20 mg/kg of A1PI and 150 microCi of 131iodine-A1PI to three dogs was accomplished without complications. Gamma camera scans documented a relatively homogenous distribution throughout the lungs. Bronchial lavage fluid that was recovered from the lungs of the dogs six hours after administration contained large amounts of human A1PI and showed a proportional elevation of anti elastase activity. There was no evidence of acute toxicity. PMID- 3260074 TI - Intravenous administration of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in patients of PiZ and PiM phenotype. Preliminary report. AB - Nine patients with moderate pulmonary emphysema, six of PiZ phenotype and three of PiM phenotype, have received a single intravenous infusion of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (human) (A1PI), in a dose of 60 mg/kg over a 30-minute period. They also received a tracer dose (300 microCi) of 131I-labeled A1PI. No active or passive immunization against hepatitis was given. No acute toxicity was observed. Compared with baseline data, significant elevations of serum A1PI (measured both antigenically and as anti-elastase activity) occurred, with a serum half-life approximating 110 hours. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, obtained 48 hours after infusion, reflected a significant increase in A1PI concentration versus baseline bronchoalveolar lavage fluid values. Serial gamma camera images of the lungs confirmed persistence of enhanced lung radioactivity for several days. Urinary desmosine excretion did not change following A1PI infusion. During the period of follow-up thus far, no patient has had chronic toxicity, results of liver function tests have been stable, and there has been no development of hepatitis B antigen or antibodies to hepatitis B surface or core antigens. PMID- 3260075 TI - Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in inflammatory states of humans and laboratory animals. AB - Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) was examined in various inflammatory conditions in terms of its capacity to inhibit leukocytic proteases and to act as a monitor of the presence of oxidants generated by stimulated leukocytes. Examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pulmonary inflammatory disease indicated that oxidants are generated in situ in the inflammatory reaction of the lung; the oxidants could potentially injure tissue directly, and, by virtue of the inactivation of A1PI, prevent inhibition of the neutrophil elastase, potentially allowing unencumbered proteolytic attack of the neutrophil elastase on lung structures. Subsequent examination of leukocytic enzymes and oxidants in experimental pulmonary inflammation in animals also demonstrated the generation of oxidants during development of acute pulmonary inflammation and indicated that the neutrophil is the cell mainly responsible for the release of oxidants. PMID- 3260076 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and panniculitis. Perspectives on disease relationship and replacement therapy. AB - A distinctive form of ulcerative panniculitis develops in a subset of persons with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. This association may be more widely recognized if routine determinations of alpha-1-antitrypsin are performed on patients in whom neutrophilic, ulcerative panniculitis develops without specific, defined underlying causes. Therapies that appear to be of the greatest potential benefit include treatment with dapsone and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor replacement. Astute recognition of alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficient panniculitis and assessment of response to these and other therapies will ultimately lead to a more complete understanding of the cause of this distinctive and uniquely associated disease. PMID- 3260077 TI - Interleukin 1 modulation of renal epithelial glucose and amino acid transport. AB - We have investigated the effect of immune factors on glucose and amino acid transport by proximal tubular epithelium. Proximal tubular cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of mouse renal cortex and grown to confluent monolayers. alpha-[14C]methylglucoside (AMG), D-[3H]-aspartate, L-[3H]leucine, and L [3H]arginine uptake were assayed. Proximal tubular epithelium coincubated with supernatants derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages had a twofold increase in AMG and aspartate uptake that was sodium dependent, was prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, and was not associated with changes in cell growth or differentiation. Chromatographic separation of the macrophage supernatant yielded one fraction, mol wt 16,000 20,000, that enhanced AMG and aspartate uptake and contained interleukin 1 (IL 1) determined by bioassay. Recombinant IL 1 (mol wt 17,500) reproduced changes in AMG and aspartate uptake seen with macrophage supernatants. In contrast, neither macrophage supernatants nor IL 1 affected sodium-independent leucine or arginine transport. IL 1 directly increased 22Na transport into proximal tubular cells. These data indicate that macrophages, via IL 1 secretion, are capable of modulation of sodium-linked solute transport in proximal tubular epithelium. PMID- 3260078 TI - Basis for apparent saturation kinetics of Na+ influx in freshwater hyperregulators. AB - Uptake of Na+ by intact frogs has been reported to show saturation kinetics at low external concentrations (less than 2 mM); yet other evidence shows that the transport system is far from saturated in this concentration range. The saturation behavior was reproduced here in isolated frog skins that were then used as appropriate models for investigating the paradox. When the skin was bathed by 2 mM Na+ outside and open circuited, influx (JNain) was near maximum. If, under these conditions, the skin was short circuited, JNain increased threefold. Alternatively, if Cl- permeability was increased in the open-circuited skin, JNain doubled. Both perturbations uncouple JNain from the efflux of a cation (nominally H+), which normally maintains electrical neutrality under open circuit conditions. This suggests that the apparent saturation of JNain is caused by limiting efflux of the counterion. In confirmation of this prediction, stimulation of proton efflux markedly increased JNain. Thus the apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetics observed in frogs, and probably in other freshwater animals as well, do not represent saturation of an element in Na+ transport, either the amiloride-sensitive apical channel or the basolateral Na+-K+-ATPase. PMID- 3260079 TI - Lack of association between HLA antigens and anorexia nervosa. AB - Studies of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system were performed in 37 patients with anorexia nervosa to confirm an alleged association with HLA-B16 and haplotype HLA-A26,B38. No correlation between anorexia nervosa and HLA, including HLA-DR, could be found. PMID- 3260080 TI - The impact of political violence on health and health services in Cape Town, South Africa, 1986: methodological problems and preliminary results. AB - Cape Town, South Africa experienced an upsurge in the level of political violence from May to July of 1986. To determine the impact of the political violence on health and health services, selected routinely available information was analyzed, a community survey was conducted of 1,540 randomly selected households in high, medium, and low impact areas (defined using police and community reports), and a survey of 162 nurses (75 per cent response rate) working in clinic and maternity services in Cape Town's townships was undertaken. Methodological problems were encountered in relation to sampling, interviewer allocation to areas, and access to routinely available information. Nevertheless, a consistent picture emerged from the studies that: demonstrated the impact of political violence on attendance at routine health service facilities (for hypertension, tuberculosis, immunizations, antenatal and postnatal services); highlighted the disruptions caused to basic services in high impact areas (water, street lighting, sanitation and transport); documented the problems experienced by nurses in performing their usual services and by patients obtaining access to their services; showed that high impact areas had three times higher rates of gunshot wounds than low impact areas during the period. PMID- 3260081 TI - Variables influencing condom use in a cohort of gay and bisexual men. AB - Nine hundred fifty-five of 1,384 (69 per cent) gay and bisexual men enrolled in a prospective study of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who reported engaging in anal intercourse in the past six months were surveyed about condom use practices for both insertive (IAI) and receptive anal intercourse (RAI). The following results were obtained: 23 per cent of the men reported that they always used condoms for IAI and 21 per cent for RAI; 32 per cent sometimes used condoms for IAI; 28 per cent sometimes used condoms for RAI; 45 per cent never used condoms for IAI; and 50 per cent never used condoms for RAI. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the following variables were associated with both insertive and receptive condom use: condom acceptability; a history of multiple and/or anonymous partners in the past six months, and the number of partners with whom one is "high" (drugs/alcohol) during sex. Knowledge of positive HIV serostatus was more strongly associated with receptive than with insertive use. Condom use is a relatively complex health related behavior, and condom promotion programs should not limit themselves to stressing the dangers of unprotected intercourse. PMID- 3260082 TI - [The effects of isoflurane and enflurane on cerebral hemodynamics and cerebral oxygen consumption in humans]. AB - The effects of isoflurane (1 MAC) and enflurane (1 MAC) on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption were studied in 20 male patients without intracranial disease undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (mean age 57 and 59 years respectively). The aim of the study was to investigate whether both agents diminish autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity of cerebral blood vessels. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups (10 patients each) receiving either isoflurane 1.15 vol.% or enflurane 1.68 vol.% endexpiratory. Measurements were performed and blood samples were taken in the awake state (I); 15 min after achievement of steady-state conditions with 1.68 vol.% enflurane or 1.5 vol.% isoflurane without blood pressure support (II); during norepinephrine-induced hypertension at a cerebral perfusion pressure of 110 mmHg (III); and during controlled hyperventilation at a PaCO2 of 27 mmHg and normotension (IV). Cerebral blood flow was measured by the argon wash-in technique. Isoflurane and enflurane produced a significant drop in cardiac index and cerebral perfusion pressure and reduced cerebral blood flow significantly by 35% and 39% respectively. Cerebral oxygen consumption was also significantly decreased by 49% (isoflurane) and 50% (enflurane). Induced hypertension with norepinephrine increased cerebral blood flow significantly by 32% (isoflurane) and 26% (enflurane), while hypocapnia reduced cerebral blood flow significantly by 26% (isoflurane) and 29% (enflurane).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3260083 TI - [Propofol infusion for the maintenance of short-term anesthesia]. AB - The administration of propofol by infusion for maintenance of anesthesia has attracted much attention recently. We investigated the necessary infusion rate of propofol to maintain anesthesia for short surgical procedures without loss of the evident advantages of this substance. Forty unpremedicated female patients aged 18-59, scheduled for minor gynecological procedures, were randomly assigned to four groups. Anesthesia was induced with 2.0 mg/kg propofol i.v. and simultaneously an infusion of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, or 0.20 mg propofol/kg per minute was started. The patients were breathing N2O/O2 with FIO2 33%. Additional propofol was administered as a bolus of 10 to 20 mg when the patients moved. With 0.05 mg propofol/kg per minute all patients required additional bolus injections of propofol; with 0.10 mg 8 patients, with 0.15 mg 5 patients, and with 0.20 mg 1 patient required bolus injection. Therefore, 0.15 mg/kg per minute can be considered as an approximate ED50 value. The total propofol consumption (infusion + bolus) increased from 0.102 +/- 0.028 (+/- SD) with the lowest infusion rate to 0.202 +/- 0.006 mg/kg per minute with the highest infusion rate and recovery time from 5.2 +/- 1.4 to 9.9 +/- 2.6 min. There was a significant correlation between propofol consumption and recovery time. After induction, arterial blood pressure decreased by systolic/diastolic 20/10-15 mmHg. With the low infusion rate, arterial pressure increased to its control value during operation; it remained at the postinduction value with high infusion rates. Side-effects: 10 patients had salivation that in some instances lead to coughing, 9 reported pain at the injection site during induction, and 9 reported dreams of a pleasant nature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3260084 TI - Specific killing of human endothelial cells by antibody-conjugated glucose oxidase. AB - Conjugates of antibody with glucose oxidase obtained via the carbohydrate moiety of the enzyme via oxidation with periodate are suggested as a tool for selective killing of the target cell. The conjugate was separated from uncoupled enzyme by repeated precipitation with ammonium sulfate (42% saturation). Purity of the conjugate was estimated by gel filtration on Toya Pearl TP-65. The glucose oxidase conjugated with rabbit antibody against mouse IgG bound specifically to plastic-adsorbed mouse immunoglobulins and to cultured human endothelial cells pretreated with mouse anti-endothelial antiserum. Glucose oxidase targeted to the cells generates hydrogen peroxide in the presence of glucose. This hydrogen peroxide killed the endothelial cells even in the absence of a halide-peroxidase system and in the presence of catalase. Features of the conjugate (specificity, effective cytotoxicity, high stability) make it suitable for prospective in vivo application and for immunoselective segregation of heterogeneous cell populations. PMID- 3260086 TI - Aerosolized pentamidine therapy. PMID- 3260085 TI - Beta-lactamases as the main resistance factor to penicillin-related antibiotics. AB - The interplay between the three factors involved in the resistance of bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics (sensitivity of target, synthesis of beta-lactamase, permeability barrier) is analysed and discussed on the basis of a simple kinetic model. The three factors do not act independently. In Gram-negative bacteria, the permeability barrier is only significant when the bacterial cell also produces a beta-lactamase. Special attention is devoted to cases where large periplasmic beta-lactamase concentrations prevail, a situation which has been observed in some clinical isolates. PMID- 3260087 TI - Possible treatment of Parkinson's disease with intrathecal medication in the MPTP model. PMID- 3260088 TI - The role of macrophages in experimental autoimmune neuritis induced by a P2 specific T-cell line. AB - A P2-specific T-cell line with a helper/inducer phenotype (W3/25+) mediates experimental autoimmune neuritis in the Lewis rat after adoptive transfer to naive recipients. Moderately severe disease was induced in these experiments by the injection of 1 x 10(7) T cells. Motor and mixed afferent nerve conduction, F responses, H reflexes, and lumbar somatosensory evoked potentials were monitored, and morphological alterations were scored semiquantitatively at the end of the experiments. The role of macrophages and macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators in the effector phase of the disease was investigated by administering different inhibitors of macrophage metabolism, including silica, dexamethasone, and a variety of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase blockers. Silica and dexamethasone suppressed the clinical, electrophysiological, and morphological manifestations of the disease almost completely, indicating that macrophages are essential for the generation of inflammatory lesions. The inhibitors of arachidonic acid conversion failed to mitigate the severity of the disease. This is in contrast to observations in actively induced experimental autoimmune neuritis in which eicosanoid biosynthesis seems to play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 3260089 TI - [Chemotherapeutic effects in hypoplastic leukemia]. AB - Clinical effects of a low dose of behenoyl ara-C (LD-BHAC) and K-18, an IgG melphalan conjugate, were studied in hypoplastic leukemia (HL). Among 8 cases of HL treated with LD-BHAC regimen, in which 50 mg BHAC was administered daily by one-hour drip infusion for 14 days, 4 achieved complete remission (CR) and 2, partial remission (PR). The response rate (CR + PR) was 75%. Hematological toxicities were observed in most of the cases. The peak level of serum ara-C concentration, 3.62-18.9 ng/ml (mean: 11.74 ng/ml), was observed at cessation of infusion, and an ara-C level of 2.75-48.9 ng/ml (mean: 3.45 ng/ml) was still present in the blood 6 hours after cessation of infusion. Six cases of HL were treated with K-18. Eight tablets of K-18, containing 30 mg per tablet, were given daily. Two of 6 cases achieved CR with little hematological toxicities. LD-BHAC and K-18 can be expected in the treatment of hypoplastic leukemia and its related diseases such as hypoplastic preleukemia in the aged. PMID- 3260090 TI - [The effects of localized therapy with postsurgical local recurrences of lung carcinoma and metastatic lung tumors--laser irradiation, IL-2+ LAK or ethanol injection]. AB - Nd-YAG or Argon dye laser irradiations combined with radiotherapy were performed for lung cancer patients with central airway obstructions due to recurrences. Remarkable effects of immediate airway dilatation and reduction of symptoms were obtained after laser irradiations. IL-2 and LAK injections or ethanol injections into the peripheral recurrent or metastatic lung lesions. In one out of 5 patients after IL-2 and LAK injection, and in one out of 2 patients after ethanol injection, tumor size was reduced by 43% and 34%, respectively. IL-2 and/or LAK were injected into the pleural or pericardial spaces with malignant effusion, showing significant effects on a lung cancer patient with cancerous pericarditis who survived more than 9 months after this localized therapy. According to these results, these localized therapies may not always prove effective, but they should be applied to unresectable recurrent lung cancers or metastatic lung tumors in order to prolong survival with good quality of life. PMID- 3260091 TI - [Combined chemo-radiation therapy in adult patients with B-cell lymphoma in stage I and II]. AB - 155 adult patients with B-lymphoma in stage I and II who were treated in National Cancer Center Hospital between 1975 and 1986 were analyzed for treatment outcome. 5-year survival rates were about 66% in these patients and almost equal in the patients treated with radiation alone, doxorubicin-containing combination chemotherapy alone, or combined chemo-radiation therapy. However, when analysis was limited to patients in stage I, patients treated with chemotherapy alone seemed to have better survival rate than those treated with radiation alone. In the patients who were in stage III or more and had bulky mass more than 10 cm in diameter, small residual tumor was sometimes detected by restaging procedure after achieving apparent remission by multi-drug chemotherapy. In these patients, additional radiation therapy was quite usefull to eradicate residual tumor cells to cure. PMID- 3260092 TI - Respiratory hazards associated with exposure to formaldehyde and solvents in acid curing paints. AB - Thirty-eight employees exposed to formaldehyde when working with acid-hardening lacquers and 18 nonexposed control persons employed at the same company were examined to determine lung function (spirometry and nitrogen washout), total immunoglobulin blood concentration, and work-related symptoms. The mean exposure to formaldehyde during an 8-hr workday was 0.40 mg/m3 air, and the mean exposure to peak values was 0.70 mg/m3. Mean exposure to solvents was low, i.e., approximately 1/10 of the hygienic effect. Eye, nose, and throat irritation was more common in exposed persons than in controls. Monday morning, after two exposure-free days, forced vital capacity (FVC) values were found to have declined by 0.24 L and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0) by 0.21 L, compared with normal values. There was a weak correlation between the individual concentration of IgG and decrease in FVC and FEV1.0. No significant changes were noted in any other lung function variable before a workshift, and no lung function changes were noted over a full workshift. Deviations in FVC and FEV1.0 values did not correlate to peaks or mean exposures or employment time. PMID- 3260093 TI - Evaluation of disease activity in rheumatic patients by leucocyte adhesiveness/aggregation. AB - Previous work has shown that leucocyte adhesiveness/aggregation (LAA), as measured by the leukergy test, correlates well with disease severity in rheumatic patients. As LAA is probably a manifestation of the acute phase reaction various components of the acute phase reaction were measured in order to identify the best marker of disease activity. In addition to LAA, the following variables were measured in 79 patients with various rheumatic diseases and in 10 controls: white blood cell and platelet counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, C reactive protein, albumin, globulin, caeruloplasmin, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, and gamma globulin, and haemoglobin concentrations. Patients were graded according to the state of their disease as mild, moderate, or severe. The extent of leucocyte adhesiveness/aggregation in peripheral blood proved to be the best laboratory variable for the grading of disease activity. Correct grading was obtained in 63% of the patients by means of the LAA, compared with 48% with C reactive protein, 41% with caeruloplasmin, 40% with haptoglobin, and 32% with haemoglobin. It is suggested that LAA of the peripheral blood during inflammation may be used as a reliable marker of disease severity. PMID- 3260094 TI - Effect of auranofin on plasma fibronectin, C reactive protein, and albumin levels in arthritic rats. AB - Auranofin, a member of a class of compounds with disease modifying activity, was given to arthritic rats to determine if it could reverse the abnormal plasma concentrations of fibronectin (Fn), C reactive protein (CRP), and albumin, which were unaffected by treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). When auranofin was orally administered for two weeks to adjuvant induced arthritic rats it significantly inhibited swelling of the injected and non injected paws at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg. Rocket electroimmunoassay measurement of plasma proteins in normal, arthritic, and auranofin treated arthritic rats indicated that auranofin at 10 mg/kg significantly decreased (by 77%) the abnormally high concentration of arthritic rat plasma Fn, though it had no effect on Fn concentrations when administered to normal rats. CRP, which was raised approximately twofold above normal in arthritic rats, was reduced by 56% after treatment of arthritic rats with auranofin at 10 mg/kg, though CRP concentrations in normal rats were unaffected by auranofin treatment. Depressed albumin concentrations in arthritic rats were significantly enhanced (by 30%) by dosing with 10 mg/kg of auranofin. At the 3 mg/kg dose, auranofin did not significantly change plasma concentrations of Fn, CRP, and albumin in arthritic rats. At a dose of 10 mg/kg, however, auranofin, in addition to inhibiting chronic systemic paw inflammation, also altered abnormal concentrations of plasma Fn, CRP, and albumin in the adjuvant arthritic rat, thus distinguishing auranofin from standard NSAIDs we have previously tested. PMID- 3260095 TI - Gluten-sensitive enteropathy and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus developed gluten-sensitive enteropathy, or celiac sprue. The patient's histocompatibility antigens included HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3, previously found to have a high frequency in gluten-sensitive enteropathy and possibility increased as well in systemic lupus erythematosus. Such histocompatibility antigens are common to a variety of autoimmune disorders. An immune basis for the association is discussed herein. PMID- 3260096 TI - High-dose vasopressin for acute variceal hemorrhage. Clinical advantages without adverse effects. AB - Based on laboratory and clinical data from our institution, 113 patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices were treated with high-dose vasopressin arginine (1 to 1.5 U/min) to control the acute bleeding and reduce blood loss during portosystemic shunt operations. Compared with patients receiving a lower dose of vasopressin infusion, these patients had a reduction in both postoperative mortality (21% vs 6%) and the proportion of patients requiring emergency operation (40% vs 18%). A decrease in operative blood loss (1340 vs 793 mL) was also seen. Adverse effects of vasopressin were increased by high-dose infusion, but no significant morbidity occurred. These results suggest that high-dose vasopressin infusion can reduce the mortality of acute variceal hemorrhage and porto-systemic shunting primarily by allowing patients to improve hepatic function prior to an elective operation and by decreasing intraoperative blood loss. PMID- 3260097 TI - Epidermal growth factor binding in rat uterus during the peri-implantation period. AB - The profile of epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to uterine membranes of rats on Day 1 through Day 7 of pregnancy was studied. The binding was lowest on Day 1 and increased gradually through the pre- and postimplantation periods. Binding affinity of the Day 7 uterine membranes was considerably higher than that of the Day 1. Apparent affinity constants (Ka) of Day 1 and Day 7 membranes were 0.29 X 10(-8) M and 1.03 X 10(-8) M respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the modulation of EGF binding to uterine membranes by progesterone estrogen interaction during early pregnancy. PMID- 3260098 TI - Fructose prevents 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced ATP depletion and toxicity in isolated hepatocytes. AB - The loss of viability of isolated rat hepatocytes exposed to either 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or its toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) was prevented by addition of fructose to the incubation medium. This protection was dependent on fructose concentration, being complete at 10 mM. Addition of fructose dramatically delayed MPTP- and MPP+ induced depletion of ATP and was accompanied by a significant accumulation of lactate, indicating the occurrence of enhanced glycolytic production of ATP. Glucose was much less effective against MPTP and MPP+ toxicity, probably because it is a relatively poor substrate for glycolysis in liver cells. We conclude that depletion of ATP is a critical event in MPTP cytotoxicity in our in vitro model system, and that the use of alternative sources of ATP production may represent an important protective device against the effects of this toxic agent. PMID- 3260099 TI - Analysis of growth factors in renal cell carcinoma. AB - Tissue extracts prepared from human renal tissue, renal cell carcinoma and serum free conditioned media of ACHN cells and A498 cells, cell line originated from human renal cell carcinoma, stimulated DNA synthesis of BALB/c 3T3 cells. The activity (growth factor activity) was significantly higher in renal cell carcinoma than in normal tissues. Radioreceptor assay revealed that the contents of epidermal growth factor and type alpha transforming growth factor in the tissue extracts from renal cell carcinoma and conditioned media from renal cell carcinoma cell lines were below detectable level. Most of growth factor activity of the tissue extracts and conditioned media showed high affinity for heparin Ultrogel, indicating that the major growth factor activity was due to heparin binding growth factor(s). In addition, renal cell carcinoma contained growth factor activity for ACHN cells, which did not show specific affinity for heparin Ultrogel. PMID- 3260100 TI - Molecular heterogeneity of complement component C4-null and 21-hydroxylase genes in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - C4A-null alleles (C4A*Q0) and hereditary complete C4 deficiency (homozygous C4A*Q0,C4B*Q0) are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Using Southern blot analysis with C4 and 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) DNA probes, we studied SLE patients and normal control subjects with or without C4A*Q0, and 2 C4 deficient SLE patients. A previously reported large C4A,21-OHA gene deletion associated in normal subjects with the HLA-A1;B8;DR3;C4AQ0 haplotype was detected by the appearance of a new C4 Hind III 8.5-kb fragment and disappearance of a 3.2 kb 21-OH Taq I fragment. In 3 SLE patients with homozygous C4A*Q0 and 15 with heterozygous C4A*Q0, this deletion pattern occurred almost exclusively in association with the HLA-B8;DR3;C4A*Q0 phenotype; the one exception was a black SLE patient. Other C4A*Q0-bearing HLA phenotypes in white patients and black patients with SLE, and the 2 completely C4-deficient SLE patients, had normal DNA hybridization to both C4 and 21-OH probes. The genetic basis for C4-null alleles in SLE is heterogeneous. A large C4A,21-OHA deletion occurs mainly on the HLA B8;DR3;C4AQ0 haplotype in SLE and controls. Other HLA haplotypes bearing C4A*Q0 have normal C4 and 21-OH genes, as demonstrated by Southern blot analysis. PMID- 3260101 TI - Aminobisphosphonate inhibition of interleukin-1-induced bone resorption in mouse calvariae. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is probably an important lymphokine mediator of inflammation and bone resorption. IL-1 derived from mononuclear cells, a melanoma cell line (MM96 cells), and recombinant human IL-1 (rHuIL-1 beta) increased in vitro bone resorption, as measured by the release of 45Ca from cultured mouse calvariae. The 50% maximum active resorption was observed with 0.125 ng/ml or approximately 10( 11) M rHuIL-1 beta. The resorptive action of IL-1 was not entirely dependent on prostaglandin mediation, since its effect was evident when prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited in the cultures by indomethacin. IL-1-induced resorption has been shown to be inhibited by 10(-5) M 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1-1 bisphosphonate (APD). This inhibition was partially reversed by increasing doses of IL-1. In vitro toxicity studies showed that at concentrations of 10(-4) M, APD inhibited the growth of cultured MM96, murine myelomonocytic P388D1, and rat osteosarcoma UMR 106 cells, but not other mast and lymphoid cell lines. These in vitro observations may have relevance to the use of APD in bone and joint diseases in which inflammation and bone resorption are prominent. PMID- 3260102 TI - Interleukin-6 in synovial fluid and serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides. AB - Interleukin-6 (IL-6), also called 26-kd protein, hybridoma plasmacytoma growth factor, beta 2-interferon, or B cell stimulatory factor 2, is a recently described human cytokine with multiple growth and differentiation activities. Using a very sensitive bioassay based on the growth factor activity of this protein for B cell hybridomas, we found that IL-6 activity was significantly elevated in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or other inflammatory arthritides, as compared with that in a group of patients with osteoarthritis. Moreover, IL-6 was detected in about one-third of the serum samples from patients with RA. In the latter group, we found a significant correlation between serum IL-6 activity and serum levels of C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, and haptoglobin, which indicates that IL-6 is related to disease activity in patients with RA. PMID- 3260103 TI - Arthritis of the knees in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a patient with immunologic evidence of B lymphocytic synovial infiltration. PMID- 3260104 TI - Encapsulation of interleukin-2 in murine erythrocytes and subsequent deposition in mice receiving a subcutaneous injection. AB - Radiolabeled recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) was successfully encapsulated in both mouse and sheep erythrocytes. Of the added IL-2, 70% was recovered bound to or encapsulated within the carrier cells. Erythrocytes containing IL-2 were stable in vitro and most of the IL-2 remained associated with the cells following a 16-h incubation at 37 degrees C. When carrier erythrocytes containing IL-2 were injected subcutaneously into mice, intact [35S]IL-2 was detectable in a number of tissues 3 days after injection. PMID- 3260105 TI - Genetic, biochemical and molecular characterization of strains of Vibrio cholerae multiresistant to antibiotics. AB - In order to gain an insight into the distribution of resistance genes in Vibrio cholerae, we studied twenty-nine strains isolated from patients in Africa. Resistance to antibiotics in all strains except one was encoded by self transferable plasmids belonging to incompatibility group Inc6-C. Tetracycline and chloramphenicol were poorly expressed in the original hosts but were easily detectable in the Escherichia coli transconjugants. Streptomycin resistance was due to synthesis of a 3"- or 6-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase. Based on MIC and hybridization data, high-level resistance to trimethoprim and O/129 was secondary to the presence of a dihydrofolate reductase of a new type, distantly related to type I activity. Our results confirm the presence in V. cholerae of beta-lactamases other than Tem-1. PMID- 3260106 TI - Postnatal changes in plasma burst-promoting activity (BPA) levels in preterm infants. AB - Two-stage cell culture assays were used to determine burst-promoting activity (BPA) levels in the plasma of untransfused premature infants during the early anaemic period. The plasma BPA levels decreased during the early phase of the postnatal fall in haemoglobin and the mean plasma BPA levels at 2 and 4 weeks of age were significantly lower (24 +/- 9% and 20 +/- 14%) than those of normal adults (53 +/- 17%). After 8 weeks of age, plasma BPA levels increased markedly in correlation with the recovery of erythropoiesis. Inhibitors of erythroid colony growth were not significantly elevated in the plasma of premature infants. These results suggest that BPA may act as a regulator of erythropoiesis in preterm infants along with erythropoietin. PMID- 3260107 TI - Effects of platelet derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta on the growth of human marrow fibroblasts. AB - The effects of three growth factors contained in platelets on human bone marrow fibroblasts as well as fibroblast colony-forming cells were investigated to clarify the pathogenesis of marrow fibrosis frequently associated with myeloproliferative disorders. Two growth factors, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), cooperatively stimulated the growth of passaged fibroblasts as well as fibroblast colony-forming cells. Transforming growth factor-beta augmented the growth of fibroblasts at low concentrations in the presence of EGF and/or PDGF, but inhibited that of colony-forming cells in the presence of PDGF or EGF. These results suggest that the growth of fibroblasts causing marrow fibrosis might be finely regulated, depending on the concentrations of growth factors released or leaked from platelets or megakaryocytes into marrow environment. PMID- 3260108 TI - Pre-eclampsia in a woman with homozygous PiZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Case report. PMID- 3260109 TI - Inhibition of sodium-calcium exchange in cardiac sarcolemmal membrane vesicles. 2. Mechanism of inhibition by bepridil. AB - Bepridil, an antiarrhythmic agent, inhibits Na-Ca exchange in cardiac sarcolemmal membrane vesicles (Ki = 30 microM) by a novel mechanism, different from that determined for amiloride analogues [Slaughter, R. S., Garcia, M. L., Cragoe, E. J., Jr., Reeves, J. P., & Karczorowski, G. J. (1988) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. Bepridil causes partial inhibition of Nai-dependent Ca2+ uptake but complete block of Nao-dependent Ca2+ efflux. Inhibition of Na-Ca exchange is noncompetitive vs Ca2+ but competitive vs Na+ in both K+ and sucrose. Bepridil also blocks Ca-Ca exchange, with or without K+ present. However, K+ has two effects on inhibition: it reduces the potency of bepridil and causes inhibition to become partial. Inhibition of Ca-Ca exchange displays noncompetitive kinetics vs Ca2+ in either sucrose or K+. Dixon analyses of Na-Ca exchange inhibition caused by mixtures of bepridil and amiloride analogues demonstrate that these compounds produce a competitive interaction at a common carrier site that is evident only at low concentrations of amiloride inhibitors. Hill plots of bepridil inhibition of Na-Ca and Ca-Ca exchange display unitary Hill coefficients. These results indicate that bepridil interacts at only one substrate-binding site, the site selective for Na+, where amiloride analogues also preferentially interact. However, unlike amiloride, bepridil does not interact at the common Na+, Ca2+-binding site of the carrier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3260110 TI - Cloning and sequencing of bullfrog growth hormone complementary DNA. AB - Total mRNA was isolated from the pituitary glands of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), purified by affinity chromatography with oligo(dT)-cellulose columns. The cDNA was synthesized and cloned in Escherichia coli using EcoRI linkers and pBR322 as vector. The cDNA library was screened by hybridization with 32P-labeled duck growth hormone (GH) cDNA. A positive clone was selected and sequenced. The full length bullfrog GH cDNA contains 950 nucleotide pairs with an open reading frame coding for the precursor GH of 215 amino-acid residues. The partial amino-acid sequence from the protein confirms that derived from the cDNA, with Phe as the first residue in the mature bullfrog GH preceded by a 25-residue hydrophobic signal peptide. The bullfrog GH shares sequence homology with those of other vertebrate species in the following order: duck (61% protein sequence homology; 67% cDNA homology), rat (56%; 61%), human (47%; 57%) and salmon (42%; 50%). PMID- 3260111 TI - Kinetic studies of Haemophilus influenzae malate dehydrogenase. AB - Haemophilus influenzae malate dehydrogenase [S)-malate: NAD+ oxidoreductase EC 1.1.1.37) was purified 109-fold with a 26% recovery through a four-step procedure involving salt fractionation, hydrophobic and dye affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme was demonstrated to be a dimer of Mr 61,000. Initial velocity studies of all four substrates in the forward and reverse reactions indicated a sequential mechanism for the enzyme. Product and dead-end inhibition studies were consistent with an ordered bi-bi mechanism in which NAD is the first substrate bound to the enzyme and NADH, the second product released. Several analogs of NAD structurally altered in either the pyridine or purine moiety were observed to function as coenzymes in the reaction catalyzed by the purified malate dehydrogenase. Alterations in the purine portion of the dinucleotides had a more pronounced effect on the kinetic parameters observed in malate oxidation. The enzyme was inactivated by incubation with diethylpyrocarbonate, whereas no inactivation was observed with sulfhydryl reagents. PMID- 3260112 TI - Release of fatty acid-binding protein from isolated rat heart subjected to ischemia and reperfusion or to the calcium paradox. AB - The release of cardiac fatty acid-binding protein (cFABP) and of fatty acids from isolated rat hearts was measured during both reperfusion following 60 min of ischemia and the calcium paradox (readmission of Ca2+ after a period of Ca2+-free perfusion). Total cFABP release was much more pronounced after Ca2+ readmission (over 50% of tissue content) than during post-ischemic reperfusion (on average, 3% of tissue content), but in both cases, it closely paralleled the release of lactate dehydrogenase. Only minor amounts of long-chain fatty acids, if any, were released from the heart. These observations are challenging the idea that cFABP plays a fatty acid-buffering role under the pathophysiological conditions studied. PMID- 3260114 TI - The association behavior of beta-lactamases in polyethylene glycol solution. PMID- 3260113 TI - Defective utilization of cholesterol esters from low-density lipoprotein in a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia T cell line. AB - The glucocorticoid sensitive CEM-C7 T cell line was derived from human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by Norman and Thompson (Cancer Res. 37 (1977) 3875). Madden et al. (Cancer Res 46 (1986) 617) have demonstrated that the growth inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on these cells is due in part to an inhibition of cholesterol synthesis even in the presence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-containing serum. To delineate further the role of cholesterol in this growth inhibition, we have examined the ability of LDL-bound [3H]cholesterol linoleate to reverse the growth inhibitory effect of 1 microM dexamethasone on the CEM-C7 cells. LDL-bound cholesterol linoleate did not reverse the dexamethasone-mediated growth inhibition. Although incorporation of [14C]acetate into free cholesterol was inhibited only 20% by incubation with LDL, the presence of dexamethasone further inhibited acetate incorporation into free cholesterol in the LDL-treated cells. Dexamethasone had no effect on the uptake or utilization of LDL-bound cholesterol linoleate. Under all conditions, more than 99% of the acetate incorporated into cholesterol was present as free cholesterol, while over 80% of the LDL-derived cholesterol linoleate remained in the ester compartment. In contrast, in normal lymphocytes, over half the LDL derived cholesterol was converted to free cholesterol. Direct analysis of the acid cholesterol ester hydrolase, the enzyme primarily responsible for processing LDL-bound cholesterol esters, revealed over 60-times the activity of this enzyme in the normal lymphocytes as compared to the activity present in the C7 cells. This finding cautions against the assumption that the presence of lipoprotein containing serum provides an adequate, usable source of cholesterol for all cells. PMID- 3260115 TI - [Structural and immunologic indicators of Peyer's patches in the human fetus]. AB - Histological and immunological methods were used for the investigation of the development of Peyer's patches in the ileum of 110 human fetuses of 8-29 weeks of gestation. The formation of Peyer's patches and the increased number of lymphatic follicles in them are described. Beginning from 8th-9th week of gestation T- and B-lymphocytes and their subpopulations (auto-RFC, EAC-RFC, IgM- and IgG-positive cells) can be identified in mononuclear cell suspension obtained from Peyer's patches. An increase in their number during embryogenesis and the pathways of lymphocyte migration are shown. By the moment of birth "O" cells dominant in Peyer's patches and later on E-RFC and IGM-positive cells prevail. Auto-RFC are the most scanty. The authors regard Peyer's patches as peripheral organs of immunogenesis involved in local defensive reactions and in the fetal immunogenesis system on the whole. PMID- 3260116 TI - Visceral angiographic findings in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. AB - Two cases of pseudoxanthoma elasticum are described in brothers who both presented with gastric haemorrhage. The angiographic findings demonstrate the spectrum of vascular abnormalities seen in this condition. Although rare, the combination of angiomatous malformations, aneurysmal dilatation, narrowing and/or occlusion of visceral or peripheral arteries in a relatively young patient with abdominal pain or gastrointestinal bleeding, should alert the radiologist to the diagnosis. Examination will usually reveal the characteristic xanthomatous papular rash and retinal angioid streaks which confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 3260117 TI - Life-threatening haemorrhage from typhoid fever. PMID- 3260118 TI - Interpretation of gallium scans using the "negative heart" sign. PMID- 3260119 TI - Peripheral specification of sensory connections in the spinal cord. AB - During development, primary sensory neurons innervate peripheral targets and then form central connections appropriate to these targets. Sensory neurons induced to innervate novel peripheral targets by surgical manipulations in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles form central connections appropriate to their novel targets even when they must project into novel areas of the spinal cord to do so. The selectivity displayed by sensory neurons innervating different peripheral targets suggests that they may acquire distinctive biochemical properties from their targets that endow them with affinities for appropriate central neurons. PMID- 3260120 TI - Calbindin (CaBP 28 kDa) appearance and distribution during development of the mouse inner ear. AB - Previous reports of the distribution of calbindin, a 28 kDa vitamin D-induced calcium-binding protein, in the mammalian peripheral vestibular system postulated that this protein was involved in the calcium-dependent mechanisms occurring in the hair cells and ganglion cells. In this study, we examined the possibility of a relationship between the presence of calbindin and neurotransmission by comparing calbindin appearance in the inner ear to the sequence of synaptogenesis. Calbindin distribution was studied by immunocytochemistry, in the developing mouse inner ear from gestational day 12 to postnatal day 40. During the early development, calbindin was localized in non-neuronal structures: Kolliker's organ, spiral limbus and crista supporting cells; and in cochlear and vestibular ganglion neurons and sensory cells. At later stages and in the adult, no reactivity was observed in the non-neuronal cell populations and only certain sensory and nerve cells remained stained: inner hair cells, outer hair cells, vestibular hair cells of the apex of the cristae and of the striola in the maculae, all Corti's ganglion neurons and some vestibular ganglion neurons. The sequence of appearance of calbindin immunoreactivity in the sensory and nerve cells was not completely parallel to the maturation sequence of the inner ear, especially synaptogenesis. The dual distribution of calbindin during development and its expression in specific sensory and nerve cells opens new perspectives on its role in the inner ear. PMID- 3260122 TI - Management of colic. PMID- 3260121 TI - An algorithm for simultaneous comparison of several sequences. AB - An algorithm was developed to compare simultaneously several DNA, RNA or protein sequences. With the algorithm, conserved regions of one sequence are located by doing pairwise comparisons with other sequences, which is advantageous in planning site-directed mutagenesis studies. The observation matrices filled with scores of comparisons are superimposed and added together and those points having values greater than or equal to stringency are accepted. The predicted secondary structural features can also be compared. PMID- 3260123 TI - Psychiatric consultations in rheumatology: a review of 100 cases. AB - Consultation-liaison psychiatry has contributed much to our understanding of the psychological complications of physical illness, both in general responses to illness and in particular problems related to specific diseases. We reviewed 100 psychiatric consultations from a specialized rheumatology unit. Eighty percent of the consultations consisted of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (36%), rheumatoid arthritis (29%), and fibrositis (15%). The majority of S.L.E. patients had organic brain syndromes related to central nervous system involvement or corticosteroids, while the majority of rheumatoid arthritis patients had a depressive diagnosis. Fibrositis patients showed no specific psychiatric diagnosis. Some future areas of research for consultation-liaison psychiatry in this area are suggested. PMID- 3260124 TI - Autologous lymph node cell-derived tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy of human melanoma. AB - The in vitro development of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells from draining and tumor-involved lymph nodes obtained from melanoma patients were examined. Fresh draining or tumor-involved lymph node cells (LNC) demonstrate no significant cytotoxic activity against a variety of tumor targets including autologous melanoma. Natural killer cell (NK) activity is very low or absent in all of these specimens. Culture of the cells with irradiated autologous tumor and expansion in recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) results in strong cytotoxicity for autologous tumor cells. The cultured cells are T-cells of mixed CD4 and CD8 phenotypes. Following restimulation with autologous tumor, these lines are capable of becoming specifically cytotoxic for autologous tumor as tested in direct killing and in cold target inhibition studies. The LNC yield from fresh specimens ranges from 1 X 10(7) to more than 1 X 10(9) cells averaging 5 X 10(8) cells. After the cells are cultured, we can achieve up to a 60-fold or more increase in cell numbers, that demonstrate strong cytotoxicity for melanomas. The potential for adoptive immunotherapy using such specifically sensitized cytotoxic T-cells of mixed phenotypes is discussed. PMID- 3260125 TI - The emergence and establishment of a clonal subline with partial duplication of chromosome 1q from a tumorigenic human chronic lymphocytic leukemic B-cell line. AB - Sequential analysis was performed on a tumorigenic human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line in which the initial population consisted of two abnormal clones, one with trisomy 12 (47%), the other with duplication of 1q; that is, 46,XY,dup(1)(q11----q32) (10%), and rest of the population had a normal karyotype. The clone with 1q+ marker expanded steadily and after 11 weeks became the only proliferating cell population in vitro and remained so till the end of an observation period of 75 weeks. All tumors recovered from nude mice that were inoculated with this newly established subline had retained the 1q+ marker. All the secondary clones also carried this aberration. PMID- 3260126 TI - Karyotypic stability in chronic B-cell leukemia. AB - Twenty-one patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) have been followed for more than 2 years with serial cytogenetic studies, including 11 cases for more than 5 years and three others for more than 10 years. A chromosomally abnormal clone was present at the time of initial study in 10 of these patients, and neither these nor the 11 individuals with a normal karyotype had any cytogenetic evolution during the follow-up period, although clinical progression, requiring therapy, was observed in 13 cases. In an additional 12 B CLL patients who had repeat chromosome studies but were followed for less than 2 years, two patients with advanced disease and multiple cytogenetic abnormalities developed minor additional karyotypic changes and died within 18 months, and two patients with a normal karyotype developed rapidly progressive disease associated with an emerging chromosomally abnormal clone and survived only 1 year. These results demonstrate that karyotypic evolution is rare in B-CLL. Its occurrence indicates a poor prognosis, but its rarity suggests that clinical progression in this disease is usually more dependent on other factors. PMID- 3260127 TI - Characterization of n-butyl alcohol solubilized, breast tumor specific antigens recognized by a human autologous cytotoxic T-cell clone. AB - We demonstrated previously the establishment of a human cytotoxic T-cell clone, TcHMC-1, under culturing with recombinant interleukin that showed the specific cytotoxicity against an autologous breast tumor cell line, HMC-1-8. In the present study, the autologous tumor specific antigens that could be involved in this cytotoxicity were extracted by using n-butyl alcohol and were analyzed for their biochemical profiles. The cytotoxicity of TcHMC-1 against HMC-1-8 was inhibited by adding OKT3 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies into the cultures, or by pre-sensitizing HMC-1-8 target cells by anti-major histocompatibility complex class I monoclonal antibodies. This suggests that T-cell antigen receptor molecule complexes Ti/T3 on TcHMC-1 and corresponding specific tumor antigens on HMC-1-8 are involved in the cytotoxicity under the restriction of major histocompatibility complex class I products. Precultures of TcHMC-1 with crude n butyl alcohol extracts from HMC-1-8 cells enhanced the cytotoxic potentials of this clone as seen as mixed lymphocyte tumor cell cultures. This enhancement was dependent on dosage of crude n-butyl alcohol extracts and these TcHMC-1 cells were still cytotoxic specifically for HMC-1-8 targets, but not for other allogenic tumor lines including K562. However, HMC-1-8 crude n-butyl alcohol extracts could not enhance DNA synthesis of TcHMC-1 as assessed by incorporation of [3H]thymidine in the cells. Biochemical purification studies demonstrated that the HMC-1-8 tumor specific antigens were eluted into fractions containing molecules with molecular weights of approximately 200,000 on Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The antigens were further separated into the fraction that was eluted with 0.4-0.5 M NaCl in an ionic strength on Mono Q fast protein liquid chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of this fraction demonstrated three molecules with molecular weights of 26,000, 30,000, and 32,000 under reduced molecular conditions. The data suggest that these molecules could be tumor specific antigens that are involved in the cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T-cells against a human autologous tumor. PMID- 3260128 TI - Enhancement of the activity of immunotoxins made with either ricin A chain or Pseudomonas exotoxin in human ovarian and epidermoid carcinoma cell lines. AB - The present study evaluates whether the in vitro activity of immunotoxins can be enhanced by verapamil or by various antagonists of calmodulin (dansylcadaverine, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine). The following immunotoxins made with either Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), recombinant ricin A chain (rRTA), or ricin A chain (RTA) were used: HB21-PE and 454A12-rRTA that both recognize the human transferrin receptor; and 260F9-rRTA and 454C11-RTA that both react with human ovarian and breast cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of these immunotoxins was determined in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines and KB cells. Verapamil, that was demonstrated previously to enhance the cell-killing activity of PE immunotoxins, enhanced the activity of several ricin A chain immunotoxins, including 454A12-rRTA, 260F9-rRTA, and 454C11-RTA. Comparing 50% inhibitory dose values for inhibition of protein synthesis by 454A12-rRTA, enhancement ranged from 2- to greater than 25-fold, was dependent on the concentration of verapamil, and was greatest at short incubation times. In addition, the cytotoxicity of HB21 PE and of selected RTA immunotoxins was increased up to 30-fold by the addition of various calmodulin antagonists. The enhancing drugs did not decrease the specificity of the immunotoxins. PMID- 3260130 TI - Synergistic antitumor effects of immunotherapy with recombinant interleukin-2 and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha. AB - The antitumor activity of combination therapy with recombinant tumor necrosis alpha (rhTNF-alpha) and recombinant interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) was assessed against established immunogenic (MCA-106) and nonimmunogenic (MCA-102) sarcomas at both s.c. and visceral (hepatic) sites. C57BL/6 (B6) mice were treated with a single i.v. dose of rhTNF-alpha (2, 4, 6, or 8 micrograms) followed by rhIL-2 (25,000 U) i.p. thrice daily for 5 consecutive days. Synergistic effects as measured by regression of tumor, prolongation of survival, and improved cure rates were found using the combination of rhTNF-alpha plus rhIL-2 compared to rhTNF-alpha alone or rhIL-2 alone in the treatment of the immunogenic sarcoma MCA-106. No significant antitumor effects were observed against the nonimmunogenic MCA-102 sarcoma. These findings were similar for both s.c. and large single hepatic tumor models. The effect of the timing of rhIL-2 injections in relation to rhTNF-alpha administration (concurrent, 2, 4, or 6 days post single rhTNF-alpha dose) was also evaluated. Substantial tumor regression and increased survival times were seen in mice with s.c. tumors when rhIL-2 therapy was delayed as much as 48 h after rhTNF-alpha administration. No antitumor response was noted with the combination compared to rhTNF-alpha alone when rhIL-2 was delayed for greater than 4 days. No increase in lethal toxicity during treatment course of the combination of rhTNF-alpha and rhIL-2 was noted at any schedule compared to single agent rhTNF-alpha therapy. A possible role of rhTNF-alpha in regulation of IL-2-dependent antitumor activity in vivo is discussed. PMID- 3260129 TI - Enhanced cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA damage repair in irradiated murine L5178Y lymphoblasts and human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells treated with 2' deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine in vitro. AB - The effects of irradiation were evaluated in L5178Y lymphoblasts treated with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin, and deoxyadenosine. A synergistic antitumor effect was observed in resting cells between irradiation and 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine, with the dose required to reduce the surviving cell fraction to 0.1 being 25% lower than predicted for an additive effect. Synergy was enhanced with increasing deoxyadenosine concentration or with increasing radiation dose. When cells were treated with 2' deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine for 1 h prior to irradiation, synergy was increased by prolonging postirradiation drug treatment. With 4-h postirradiation exposure to drug, varying the preirradiation incubation time did not affect synergy. In contrast, only a small enhancement of antitumor activity was observed in irradiated proliferating cells treated with 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine. Incubation of resting cells with 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine resulted in inhibition of the rate and extent of repair of radiation-induced DNA single strand breaks and an increase in dATP, but had no effect on NAD or ATP. With removal of drug, the dATP level fell rapidly and DNA repair resumed. Repair of DNA single strand breaks was more rapid in proliferating cells than in resting cells and was minimally affected by 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine, although the accumulation of dATP in these cells was 2-fold greater than in resting cells. The repair of DNA single strand breaks in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells was as rapid as for proliferating L5178Y cells, but repair was significantly inhibited by 2'-deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine. These results suggest that 2' deoxycoformycin/deoxyadenosine can function as a radiosensitizer, and this effect is associated with the cellular accumulation of dATP and inhibition of repair of DNA single strand breaks. PMID- 3260131 TI - An immunotoxin containing a rat IgM monoclonal antibody (Campath 1) and saporin 6: effect on T lymphocytes and hemopoietic cells. AB - The elimination of the cells responsible for graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been attempted with a variety of methods, including the use of the ribosome-inactivating toxin ricin bound to monoclonal antibodies acting as carriers. However the high nonspecific toxicity of these immunotoxins containing the whole toxin greatly limited clinical application. Toxicity can be reduced using the A-chain of ricin or other ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) which are devoid of a B-chain with lectin properties. We used saporin 6 purified from Saponaria officinalis seeds, which was conjugated with the rat IgM monoclonal antibody Campath 1 specific for mature T and B lymphocytes as well as for monocytes. The immunotoxin retained both RIP and antibody activity, inhibiting protein synthesis both in a cell-free system and in cells bearing the Campath 1 antigen; it also abolished methyl 3H-thymidine uptake in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T lymphocytes. Myeloid progenitors were largely spared as shown by myeloid stem cell (CFU-GM) growth which was scarcely affected. Toxicity of the immunotoxin to cell lines not expressing the antigen recognized by Campath 1 monoclonal antibody was not greater than the toxicity due to free saporin 6, while the immunotoxin was more toxic to mice than free saporin. PMID- 3260132 TI - Improved therapeutic effects of interleukin 2 after the accumulation of lymphokine-activated killer cells in tumor tissue of mice previously treated with cyclophosphamide. AB - We investigated the combined effects of human recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) and cyclophosphamide (CY) on s.c. transplanted 3LL lung carcinoma in C57BL/6 mice. A total of 95% of the tumors were completely cured when CY (150 mg/kg, i.v.) was given on day 5 (5 days after tumor implantation) and IL-2 (5 x 10(4) Jurkat Units/day, i.p.) was then combined with it between day 6 and day 15. CY alone brought about the complete regression of tumors, although 60% of the mice died of local recurrence and pulmonary metastasis; IL-2 alone had no therapeutic effect. Satisfactory effects from the combination of CY and IL-2 were also obtained by 5 days administration of IL-2 between days 11 and 15, initiated 6 days after CY treatment, but not by that given before CY (days 1-5) or 1 day after CY (days 6-10). No therapeutic effects from IL-2 were observed when it was combined with other types of chemotherapy that showed not therapeutic effects by themselves. Nor were we able to observe any transplantation resistance to the rechallenge of 3LL tumor in cured mice. We particularly examined the lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells as we suspected that these were responsible for the development of active effector cells in the treated mice. LAK cell activity in fresh spleen cells was detected in mice treated with IL-2 alone but not in untreated mice nor in those treated with CY alone or CY plus IL-2. The number of LAK precursor cells in the spleen had increased on day 8 and on day 13 in untreated mice with 3LL, as compared with the incidence in normal mice, while the number of cells had decreased by day 18. On the other hand LAK precursor cells were suppressed on day 8 and tended to recover thereafter in CY-treated mice. Adoptively transferred LAK cells were found to accumulate in CY-treated tumors 2.5 times more densely than in untreated tumors. The preferential accumulation of LAK cells that had been activated systemically by the appropriately timed administration of IL-2 in tumor tissue was followed by the improved effects obtained by combined treatment with CY and IL-2. PMID- 3260133 TI - Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes of spontaneous versus transplanted mouse mammary tumors. AB - Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated by centrifugal elutriation from C4 mouse mammary tumors and characterized with regard to phenotype and natural killer (NK) activity. Tumors that had arisen spontaneously in preneoplastic hyperplastic alveolar nodules and tumors that had been passaged one to two times in either naive or presensitized mice were studied. Mice were sensitized by limited s.c. tumor growth and subsequent surgical removal of the tumor. The total numbers of T or B cells in the infiltrates were similar in spontaneous tumors and in passaged tumors from either naive or sensitized mice. The ratio of L3T4-positive to lyt-2-positive cells was reduced, however, from 1.10 +/- 0.2 in spontaneous tumors to 0.53 +/- 0.28 or 0.48 +/- 0.04 in passaged tumors from untreated or sensitized mice. The site of tumor implantation, whether intramammary fat pad or s.c., did not affect the profiles of the infiltrates. The TIL from both spontaneous and passaged tumors demonstrated enhanced NK activity relative to peripheral lymphoid cells. The TIL of passaged tumors sensitized mice, however, had lower NK activity than those from naive mice. PMID- 3260135 TI - Localization of cytochrome P-450 in the colonic mucosa of 3-methylcholanthrene pretreated and untreated rats. An immunohistochemical study. AB - Immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome P-450 in the colonic mucosa of 3 methylcholanthrene-pretreated and untreated rats was studied by indirect fluorescent antibody staining technique. A polyclonal antibody for cytochrome P 450MC purified from hepatic microsomes of 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats was used for this experiment. A strong immunofluorescence was found to be localized in the cytoplasm of the surface epithelium of the mucosa in the colon of 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats. A faint immunofluorescence was also observed in the epithelium of untreated rats. 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity of colonic microsomes was significantly enhanced by 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment in parallel with an increase in the intensity of immunostaining for cytochrome P-450MC in Western blotting analysis. This is the first report on the localization of cytochrome P-450 in the colonic mucosa. PMID- 3260134 TI - Prognostic value of serial determinations of circulating immune complex levels in malignant melanoma. AB - A total of 50 melanoma patients free of distant metastatic disease and 54 healthy controls were analyzed for circulating immune complexes (cIC) and complement split product (C3d), using solid-phase Clq-anti-IgG radioimmunoassay (RIA), Clq protein A RIA, and anti-C3d anti-IgG RIA for cIC detection. No significant differences in cIC and C3d levels could be demonstrated between the controls and the 31 patients with primary malignant melanoma analyzed before surgery. To evaluate the prognostic value of serial measurements, samples from the 50 patients were taken at regular intervals for 4 to 27 months (median, 20 months). Surgery was the only treatment given. Significant changes in the cIC and C3d levels were defined by reference to the changes that occurred in 23 of the 54 healthy controls observed for a period of 6 to 55 months (median, 23 months). During the period of serial sampling, recurrent disease developed in 8 of the patients. In only 3 of these 8 patients (versus 10 of 42 patients without recurrence) did significant changes occur, and the changes occurred either at the same time or after the clinical diagnosis of recurrence. During the entire clinical observation period of 6 years, a total of 11 patients developed recurrences. Significant changes were only observed in 4 of these 11 patients versus 8 of 37 patients without recurrence. In conclusion, changes in cIC and/or C3d levels were not found to be indicative of early or long-term recurrence of malignant melanoma. PMID- 3260136 TI - Evidence that multiple residues on both the alpha-helices of the class I MHC molecule are simultaneously recognized by the T cell receptor. AB - Single amino acid substitutions at nine different positions on the H-2Kb molecules from in vitro-mutagenized, immunologically altered, somatic cell variants were correlated with their patterns of recognition by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones. While MAbs were found to detect spatially discrete, domain-specific sites, CTLs interacted simultaneously with multiple residues on the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of the Kb molecule. The computer graphic three-dimensional Kb model structure showed that, of the seven CTL-specific residues analyzed, six residues were located on the alpha-helical regions of the two domains. Every CTL clone was found to interact with a distinct pattern of residues composed of a specific subset of the CTL-specific residues. PMID- 3260137 TI - Secretion of human EGF and IgE in mammalian cells by recombinant DNA techniques; use of a IL-2 leader sequence. AB - Expression plasmids were constructed containing chemically synthesized human epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene fused in a frame to a leader sequence of human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene under the control of a viral promoter. COS7 cells transfected with the plasmids synthesized and secreted EGF. Transfection of mouse A9 cells or BALB/3T3 clone A31 cells with the plasmids permitted the isolation of cell lines secreting the product which showed EGF activity. In particular, A31 transformed cells secreting human EGF grew well even in a medium containing a minimal level of serum. Using similar vectors having IgE cDNA (C2-C4) in place of EGF gene, a human IgE Fc fragment was also produced and secreted in mouse cells. These results show that heterologous leader sequences are useful for the expression and secretion of proteins whose genes lack leader sequences. PMID- 3260138 TI - [Treatment of vulvar dystrophy mainly with electrothermo-acupuncture]. PMID- 3260139 TI - Evolution of activities in international biological standardization since the early days of the Health Organisation of the League of Nations. AB - The main activities in international biological standardization during the 18 years that followed the first international biological standardization meeting in London in 1921 were concerned with expressing the potencies of test preparations in comparison with reference materials. After the Second World War, however, it became clear that the testing of biological substances against international reference materials was only one among several measures for obtaining safe and potent products. The activities in international biological standardization were therefore widened so that, by the strict observance of specific manufacturing and control requirements, it was possible to gain further in safety and efficacy. At the end of 1987, 42 international requirements for biological substances were available and were being used as national requirements, sometimes after minor modification, by the majority of WHO's Member States. This is of utmost importance for the worldwide use of safe and potent biological products, including vaccines. PMID- 3260140 TI - Effects of interventions on community awareness and treatment of hypertension: results of a WHO study. AB - A WHO-coordinated study of the community control of hypertension in six countries (Cuba, Finland, France, Italy, Mongolia and Portugal) has shown that a comprehensive approach clearly improves the care of hypertensives in various populations. Hypertension control programmes were individually designed in each country and were implemented in defined communities. The intervention strategies varied between countries, the major components being: establishment of hypertension clinics and hypertension registers, involvement of health care personnel, and health education of the entire community. As a result of this programme, the blood pressure in the age group 30-59 years decreased on average by 3/2 mmHg among men and by 6/3.5 mmHg among women; the mean blood pressure level decreased twice as much in hypertensive subjects as in the entire population in the intervention areas of the study. PMID- 3260141 TI - Antigenic heterogeneity within influenza A (H3N2) virus strains. AB - On the basis of their antigenic properties, influenza virus strains are classified into types and subtypes, which are further subdivided into variants that differ to various degrees in haemagglutination-inhibition assays. Evidence is presented that during infection with an influenza A(H3N2) virus the respiratory tract of a human patient often harbours more than one antigenic virus variant. These variants are frequently propagated by embryonated fowl eggs and monkey cells with different efficiencies, and this may lead to the selection of different variants by either of these host systems. Also, passage of virus by a given host is sometimes attended by changes in reactivity in haemagglutination inhibition tests. In some cases the heterogeneity described also affects the specific immunogenicity of the virus in ferrets. Virus strains cloned in monkey kidney cell cultures gave variants that were stable upon further passage. These results may have implications for antigenic and biochemical investigations of epidemiologically relevant virus variants. It is argued that the antigenic drift of influenza A(H3N2) viruses is best characterized by analyses, both with post infection ferret antisera and with panels of monoclonal antibodies, of virus strains isolated and passaged in monkey kidney cell cultures only. PMID- 3260142 TI - Influenza surveillance in Singapore: 1972-86. AB - Prospective laboratory surveillance of influenza viruses has been carried out since 1973 in Singapore. The results indicate that antigenic shift variants caused epidemics at various times of the year over this period, whereas drift variants were associated with a regular increase in incidence during the second and fourth calendar quarters. Outbreaks due to influenza A virus occurred every year and to influenza B virus at intervals of 16-24 months. Between outbreaks, viruses belonging to either of the two types could be detected during most months, and certain variants appeared several months before the outbreaks they subsequently caused. The factors that contribute to the seasonal pattern are at present unknown. PMID- 3260143 TI - The changing epidemiology of diphtheria in Jordan. AB - Outbreaks of diphtheria used to occur regularly in Jordan, the last such outbreak being in 1977-78. Since that time, a massive immunization programme targeted at pre-school-age children has been markedly successful. Hence, when an outbreak of diphtheria occurred in 1982-83, it was unexpected. Of the 35 patients who were treated at the Jordan University Hospital, two died and the remaining 33 recovered uneventfully. Contrary to our findings in previous diphtheria epidemics in Jordan, this outbreak largely involved adolescents and young adults. PMID- 3260144 TI - Prevention of cardiovascular disease among the elderly. AB - Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality, morbidity and disability of the elderly in both developed and developing countries. Their prevention has two aims: to add life to years and years to life. Observational studies suggest that the risk factors for these diseases in the middle-aged predict their incidence and the mortality due to them among the elderly. Direct evidence on the effectiveness of prevention by controlling these risk factors in the elderly, however, is still largely lacking or inconclusive. Nevertheless, the recent falling mortality trends in several countries indicate that deaths due to cardiovascular diseases can decrease rapidly also among the elderly, although the causes of the trends are not yet all clear. The very large cross-national differences in mortality from coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases are a challenge for the wider application of preventive measures now. For the control of some risk factors, particularly of high blood pressure, further research focused on the elderly is urgently needed. PMID- 3260145 TI - A monoclonal antibody for the specific diagnosis of plague. AB - A stable mouse-cell hybridoma was obtained that secretes an IgA monoclonal antibody reactive with the fraction 1 (F1) envelope antigen of Yersinia pestis. Titres of the antibody typically ranged from 1:32 768 to 1:65 536 in mouse ascitic fluids.The monoclonal antibody formed a line of precipitation when run against F1 antigen in Ouchterlony gel diffusion tests. In tests of 235 strains of Y. pestis, lines of identity occurred between the precipitates formed with a solution of purified F1 antigen and the F1 antigen produced by the plague strains. No precipitates formed for 65 strains that were incapable of elaborating F1 antigen. Specificity of the monoclonal antibody for strains of Y. pestis producing F1 was also indicated by negative results for 50 yersinia strains other than Y. pestis tested by an ELISA that used the antibody to capture antigen.Experiments to determine the shelf-life of the antibody were conducted over 3-4 years. When the monoclonal antibody was freeze-dried in vials, titre was retained for three years when the vials were stored at -70 degrees C but only for two months when they were stored at ambient temperatures. When the antibody was freeze-dried in wells of ELISA plates, sensitivity of the plates for capture of F1 antigen was preserved for four years when the plates were stored at -70 degrees C compared with two weeks for plates stored at room temperature. When a solution of the antibody was sealed in wells of ELISA plates and refrigerated at 4 degrees C, reactivity of the antibody and sensitivity of the plates were retained for a year.Alternatives for the application of this monoclonal antibody in ELISA and other plague diagnostic procedures are discussed. PMID- 3260146 TI - Human African trypanosomiasis: use of double centrifugation of cerebrospinal fluid to detect trypanosomes. AB - A double-centrifugation technique for the detection of trypanosomes in samples of cerebrospinal fluid is described and evaluated. The results of the analysis of samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 128 patients with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness from the Daloa area of Cote d'Ivoire, obtained using single centrifugation, are compared with those obtained using the new method. Double centrifugation is at least twice as sensitive as single centrifugation and results in an increase of 37% in the early detection of late-stage case of the disease. The technique is easily implemented under field conditions. PMID- 3260147 TI - Recommendations for the use of Taylor series confidence intervals for estimates of vaccine efficacy. AB - A simple formula for calculating confidence intervals by means of a Taylor series variance approximation has been recommended for gauging the precision of estimates of vaccine efficacy. To evaluate the performance of Taylor series 95% confidence intervals for vaccine efficacy, we conducted a simulation study for commonly expected values of vaccine efficacy, risk of disease in the unvaccinated population, and sample sizes of the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. In the first simulation, the sample size in the vaccinated group was 500 or 1000, whereas that in the unvaccinated group ranged from 10 to 1000. The confidence intervals were accurate when the sample size in the unvaccinated group was >/=50 and the risk of disease was 0.3-0.9. In contrast, the intervals were too narrow when all three of the following situations occurred: the number of unvaccinated was small (10 or 20), the true vaccine efficacy was relatively low (60% or 80%), and the risk of disease was 0.5-0.9. Furthermore, when the true vaccine efficacy was high (90% or 95%) and the disease risk in the unvaccinated was low (0.1 and 0.2), the confidence intervals were too broad, especially when the unvaccinated sample size was <50. Additional simulations with a sample size in the vaccinated group of 200 gave broad intervals for 95% vaccine efficacy (for all values of disease risk) and for 90% vaccine efficacy when the disease risk was 7.3), resulting in a lowering of the PMF. These results demonstrate that in R. sphaeroides K+ uptake is essential for the generation of a delta pH and plays a central role in the regulation of the internal pH. PMID- 3263964 TI - Motility response of Rhodobacter sphaeroides to chemotactic stimulation. AB - Tethered rotating cells of Rhodobacter sphaeroides varied widely in their stopping frequency; 45% of cells showed no stops of longer than 1 s, whereas others showed stops of up to several seconds. Individual cells alternated between stops and rotation at a fairly constant rate, without continuous variation. Addition of the chemoattractant propionate to free-swimming cells of R. sphaeroides increased the mean population swimming speed from 15 to 23 microns s 1. After correction for nonmotile cells, the percentage swimming at less than 5 microns s-1 dropped from approximately 22 to 8, whereas the percentage swimming at greater than 50 microns s-1 increased from 6 to 15. However, cells already swimming did not swim faster after propionate addition; the increase in the mean population speed after propionate addition was caused by an increase in the mean run length between stops from 25 to 101 microns. The increased run length was the result of a drop in both the stopping frequency and the length of a stop. Addition of propionate over the range of 10 microM to 1 mM decreased the stopping frequency; this decrease was almost entirely blocked by benzoate, a competitive inhibitor of propionate transport. The chemoattractants acetate and potassium had the same effect as propionate on the distribution of stopping frequency, which demonstrated that this is a general behavioral response to chemotactic stimulation. Adaptation to propionate stimulation was slow and very variable, cultures frequently showing little adaptation over 30 min. This characteristic may be the result of the lack of a highly specific chemosensory system in R. sphaeroides. PMID- 3263965 TI - An increase in intracellular free Ca2+ associated with serum-free growth stimulation of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts by epidermal growth factor in the presence of bradykinin. AB - Bradykinin gave a biphasic increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in serum-deprived Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts loaded with the photoprotein aequorin. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) alone did not increase [Ca2+]i, but when added after bradykinin there was an increase in [Ca2+]i. The EGF-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i was maximal at 3 min and disappeared with a half-life of 6 min after bradykinin. Removing Ca2+ from the external medium did not abolish either the bradykinin or the EGF-induced [Ca2+]i responses. Although prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha also gave [Ca2+]i responses and permitted an EGF dependent [Ca2+]i response, the effect of bradykinin did not appear to be mediated by prostaglandins since it was not blocked by indomethacin. Vasopressin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate both gave a [Ca2+]i response but did not facilitate a [Ca2+]i response by EGF. Bradykinin or EGF alone did not increase DNA synthesis in growth-arrested Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, but EGF added together with, or after, bradykinin increased DNA synthesis. The effect disappeared with a half-life of 180 min after the addition of bradykinin. It is concluded that stimulation of receptor protein tyrosine kinase is unlikely, by itself, to explain the increase in DNA synthesis produced by EGF. The observed increase in [Ca2+]i caused by EGF after bradykinin probably reflects the interaction of intracellular second messenger pathways leading to facilitation of DNA synthesis. PMID- 3263966 TI - Kunitz-type protease inhibitor found in rat mast cells. Purification, properties, and amino acid sequence. AB - A low molecular weight serine protease inhibitor, named trypstatin, was purified from rat peritoneal mast cells. It is a single polypeptide with 61 amino acid residues and an Mr of 6610. Trypstatin markedly inhibits blood coagulation factor Xa (Ki = 1.2 x 10(-10) M) and tryptase (Ki = 3.6 x 10(-10) M) from rat mast cells, which have activities that convert prothrombin to thrombin. It also inhibits porcine pancreatic trypsin (Ki = 1.4 x 10(-8) M) and chymase (Ki = 2.4 x 10(-8) M) from rat mast cells, but not papain, alpha-thrombin, or porcine pancreatic elastase. Trypstatin forms a complex in a molar ratio of 1:1 with trypsin and one subunit of tryptase. The complete amino acid sequence of this inhibitor was determined and compared with those of Kunitz-type inhibitors. Trypstatin has a high degree of sequence homology with human and bovine inter alpha-trypsin inhibitors, A4(751) Alzheimer's disease amyloid protein precursor, and basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. However, unlike other known Kunitz-type protease inhibitors, it inhibits factor Xa most strongly. PMID- 3263968 TI - Isolation and functional characterization of the von Willebrand factor-binding domain located between residues His1-Arg293 of the alpha-chain of glycoprotein Ib. AB - In the present report we describe the isolation of a functional domain of platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib which retains von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding activity. Glycocalicin, a proteolytic fragment of the alpha-chain of GP Ib generated by an endogenous calcium-activated protease, was submitted to digestion with trypsin. The two resulting fragments, one of 45 kDa extending between residues His1 and Arg293 and representing the amino terminus of the alpha chain, the other of 84 kDa corresponding to the previously described macroglycopeptide, were purified to homogeneity. Glycocalicin, as well as the 45- and 84-kDa fragments, inhibited the ristocetin-dependent binding of native vWF to platelet GP Ib. The concentration inhibiting 50% of binding (IC50) was between 1 and 5 microM with all these molecules. In contrast, the binding of asialo-vWF to platelet GP Ib, measured directly in the absence of ristocetin, was blocked by glycocalicin and the 45-kDa fragment with a similar IC50, but not by the 84-kDa fragment. Both glycocalicin and the 45-kDa fragment bound to purified surface bound vWF in a ristocetin-dependent manner and with similar affinities. Monoclonal antibodies against vWF or GP Ib inhibited this interaction in a way consistent with their inhibition of vWF binding to platelet GP Ib. These studies demonstrate that the amino-terminal extracytoplasmic region of the alpha-chain, extending between residues 1 and 293, contains a functional domain that interacts with vWF in the absence of any other structure of the GP Ib complex or any other platelet membrane component. Whereas the ristocetin-dependent binding of vWF may involve also other domains in the macroglycopeptide region, the direct vWF-GP Ib interaction appears to be mediated only by a domain in the amino-terminal region of GP Ib alpha. PMID- 3263967 TI - Cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding a rat salivary cysteine proteinase inhibitor inducible by beta-adrenergic agonists. AB - The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol induces a unique secretory protein (LM) in the salivary glands of developing and adult rats. In order to study the regulation of growth and gene expression by catecholamines, we have isolated and sequenced several cDNA clones encoding the LM protein. Each of the LM cDNA clones described identifies, by Northern blot analyses, a single mRNA species of approximately 900 bases in size. The mRNA encoding this secreted protein was not detected in submandibular glands or brains of untreated adult rats. Sequence analyses of the LM cDNA clones revealed a striking similarity to the family 2 of cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Furthermore, when purified LM protein was used to assay for inhibition of cysteine proteinases, the data demonstrated that it is indeed a type of cysteine proteinase inhibitor. This inhibitor, termed rat cystatin S, provides the first example of cysteine proteinase inhibitors that can be induced by beta-adrenergic agonists. PMID- 3263969 TI - Coordination and reversibility of signals for proliferative activation and interleukin-2 mRNA production in resting human T lymphocytes by phorbol ester and calcium ionophore. AB - Sequential stimulation and washout procedures were employed to examine the kinetics and reversibility of pharmacologically manipulated second messenger signals mediating phenotypic changes and proliferative activation of resting human T lymphocytes. Phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) was used to stimulate protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme) while ionomycin was used to manipulate intracellular Ca2+ levels. Stimulation by PDBu alone induced phosphorylation of several endogenous substrates and altered expression of phenotypic markers, downregulating expression of CD4 and CD3 while increasing expression of CD2 and the interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor. Stimulation with ionomycin alone caused an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels but did not induce proliferation or cause major changes in the expression of phenotypic markers (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, IL-2, and transferrin receptors). Analysis of endogenous PDBu stimulated phosphosubstrates indicated that some substrates (pp92, pp82, pp55) underwent dephosphorylation, returning to base-line levels following PDBu removal while others (pp61, pp65) showed only partial dephosphorylation, while one (pp28) remained phosphorylated. Washing ionomycin stimulated cells resulted in an approximately 75% reduction of intracellular Ca2+. Ionomycin exposure did not alter the affinity (KD = 22.3 +/- 7.4 nM) or number of receptors (53,497 +/- 8,291 receptors/cell) for [3H]PDBu. These data suggest that signals induced by PDBu or ionomycin are reversible following removal of the stimulating agents with respect to proliferative activation of T lymphocytes. Furthermore, a transcriptional mechanism regulating the production of IL-2 mRNA requires simultaneous activation of protein kinase C and elevation of intracellular Ca2+. PMID- 3263970 TI - Transfer of functional EGF receptors to an IL3-dependent cell line. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small protein that acts as a mitogen for various epidermal, epithelial, and fibroblastic cells that bear specific EGF receptors. The molecule that binds EGF is a 175-kD transmembrane protein, with an extracellular ligand binding domain and an intracellular domain that possesses tyrosine kinase activity, thought to be involved in the mitogenic signalling process. Here we have constructed a recombinant murine retrovirus that transduces a human cDNA encoding the 175-kD protein and used this retrovirus to infect BAF3, a murine, bone marrow-derived cell line, which is dependent on the haematopoietic factor interleukin-3 (IL3) for its growth in culture. The EGF receptors expressed in the infected cells exhibit two affinity states, as well as EGF-stimulated autophosphorylation. Furthermore, EGF can replace IL3 in supporting short-term proliferation of these cells. These data identify functional properties of the EGF receptor upon expression of the 175-kD EGF binding protein in a haemotopoietic cell that does not express endogenous receptors. They also suggest that gene transfer of growth factor receptors to heterologous cells may allow novel growth stimuli to be exploited. PMID- 3263971 TI - Induction of competence and progression signals in human T lymphocytes by phorbol esters and calcium ionophores. AB - We have investigated the induction of competence (IL-2 responsiveness) and progression in human T lymphocyte proliferation triggered by phorbol ester and calcium ionophore. The degree of proliferation induced with the phorbol ester, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) and the calcium ionophore ionomycin was dependent on the duration of exposure to these agents, with more than 6 h required for obtaining maximum proliferation. Following brief exposure to both agents for 30 min, which did not cause significant proliferation, T cells became competent to proliferate in response to exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2). These competent T cells also progressed to DNA synthesis following incubation with PDB in the absence of ionomycin. Induction of competence to proliferate in response to either PDB or IL-2 was blocked by EGTA, suggesting that transmembrane Ca2+ flux was obligatory at this stage. Since other phorbol esters and synthetic diacylglycerols also stimulated DNA synthesis in competent cells, it is likely that progression was triggered by activation of protein kinase C. Following a brief exposure to PDB and ionomycin, subsequent incubation with PDB induced gene expression and secretion of IL-2 and augmented the expression of IL-2 receptors in the competent cells. Thus, we have demonstrated that Ca2+ mobilization is required for rendering T cells competent to express functional IL-2 receptors, to produce IL-2 in response to subsequent incubation with PDB, and that sustained activation of protein kinase C seems necessary for IL-2 production and subsequent progression of competent T cells to DNA synthesis. PMID- 3263972 TI - Reciprocal regulation of adult rat hepatocyte growth and functional activities in culture by dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - Hepatocyte DNA synthesis, initiated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), is reversibly inhibited by 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). At that concentration, both the survival of the cells in culture and the expression of differentiated functions are prolonged. DMSO does not affect thymidine uptake or EGF receptor binding. Moreover, EGF receptor binding is maintained at 84% of initial 12 hr binding when cells are cultured for several days in the presence of DMSO, whereas specific receptor binding declines to 49% of initial binding under standard culture conditions without DMSO. Studies of hepatocyte functional activity indicate that, during early culture, total cellular export protein synthesis, specific albumin synthesis, and glycogen synthesis are enhanced in the presence of DMSO. Dexamethasone is required for the effect of DMSO on survival, and although dexamethasone alone enhances hepatocyte DNA synthesis in the presence of EGF, it does not reverse the inhibitory effect of 2% DMSO on DNA replication. The correlation of prolonged survival with growth inhibition supports the hypothesis that hepatic growth and differentiated functional activity may be reciprocally regulated. PMID- 3263973 TI - Analysis of murine megakaryocyte colony size and ploidy: effects of interleukin 3. AB - Megakaryocytes develop from diploid precursor cells that, after variable numbers of mitoses, cease cell division and then undergo synchronous nuclear endoreduplication (endomitosis). Megakaryocyte colony formation represents an in vitro model of these processes in which the number and ploidy of colony cells reflect the activity of the mitotic and endomitotic pathways, respectively. We have analyzed the size and ploidization of murine megakaryocyte colonies grown in agar and examined the influence of interleukin-3 (IL-3) on these parameters. Colonies were identified in situ by staining for acetylcholinesterase and the ploidy of colony cells was determined by fluorescence cytophotometry. More than 98% of the megakaryocytes that developed in culture could be analyzed. In cultures of unfractionated marrow cells stimulated by either pokeweed mitogen stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM, a crude source of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity) or IL-3, the modal ploidy of day-5 colony megakaryocytes was 16N (range 2N-128N). The distribution of colony size was described by an inverse exponential relationship. Colony size and geometric mean ploidy were inversely correlated under conditions of maximal stimulation with PWM-SCM and at all concentrations of IL-3 tested. Increasing concentrations of IL-3 in cultures of either unfractionated marrow cells or nonadherent T lymphocyte-depleted (NATD) marrow cells stimulated similar dose-dependent increases in the mean size and numbers of megakaryocyte colonies but did not significantly alter their ploidy distribution. However, the mean ploidy of colony megakaryocytes in IL-3-stimulated cultures of NATD marrow cells was significantly less (P less than 0.001) than the mean ploidy of megakaryocytes in IL-3 stimulated cultures of unfractionated marrow cells. The mean ploidy of megakaryocytes, which developed in PWM-SCM-stimulated cultures, was not affected by initial accessory cell depletion. We conclude that the size and ploidy characteristics of day-5 murine megakaryocyte colonies are structured as continua and that IL-3 stimulates an increase in mean colony size and numbers without affecting ploidization. T-lymphocytes and adherent cells elaborate an activity which promotes endomitosis in vitro; factors in PWM-SCM can substitute for this activity. PMID- 3263974 TI - Adenosine induction of rapid catabolism of adenine ribonucleotides and independent elevation of the ATP content in quiescent mouse fibroblasts. AB - The influence of adenosine on the ribonucleotide metabolism in quiescent BALB/c 3T3 cells was studied. The cellular adenine ribonucleotides were labelled by pretreating the cells with [2-3H]-adenine. After addition of adenosine to the cell cultures, the amount and radioactivity of the cellular purine ribonucleotides and the radioactivity of the purine compounds in the medium were determined. It appeared that adenosine gave rise both to rapid catabolism of adenine ribonucleotides with inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) as an intermediate and to expansion of the cellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) pool. The maximal rates and the apparent activation constants for the two processes have been determined. Experiments with varying concentrations of coformycin (an inhibitor of adenosine 5'-monophosphate [AMP] deaminase and adenosine deaminase) and of 5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine (an inhibitor of adenosine kinase), respectively, showed that each compound may almost completely inhibit the adenosine-induced catabolism. This effect can be obtained under conditions where there was little or no effect by the two inhibitors on the rate of expansion of the cellular ATP pool. These results may best be explained by assuming that the process of expansion of the ATP pool is independent of the induced catabolism of adenine ribonucleotides, even though both processes seem to depend on the phosphorylation of adenosine to AMP. The total increase in the pool size of ATP and of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP), both caused by adenosine, seems not to have regulatory effect on adenine ribonucleotide catabolism. PMID- 3263975 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor or basic fibroblast growth factor induce anchorage independent growth of human fibroblasts. AB - Anchorage-independent growth, i.e., growth in semi-solid medium is considered a marker of cellular transformation of fibroblast cells. Diploid human fibroblasts ordinarily do not exhibit such growth but can grow transiently when medium contains high concentrations of fetal bovine serum. This suggests that some growth factor(s) in serum is responsible for anchorage-independent growth. Much work has been done to characterize the peptide growth factor requirements of various rodent fibroblast cells for anchorage-independent growth; however, the requirements of human fibroblasts are not known. To determine the peptide growth factor requirements of human fibroblasts for anchorage-independent growth, we used medium containing serum that had had its peptide growth factors inactivated. We found that either platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or the basic form of fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced anchorage-independent growth. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) did not enhance the growth induced by PDGF, or did so only slightly. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) decreased the growth induced by PDGF. EGF combined with TGF-beta induced colony formation in semi-solid medium at concentrations at which neither growth factor by itself was effective, but the combination was much less effective in stimulating anchorage-independent growth than PDGF or bFGF. This work showed that PDGF, or bFGF, or EGF combined with TGF beta can stimulate anchorage-independent growth of nontransformed human fibroblasts. The results support the idea that cellular transformation may reduce or eliminate the need for exogenous PDGF or bFGF. PMID- 3263976 TI - [99mTc]-HM-PAO SPECT in Parkinson's disease. AB - Thirty-six patients affected by Parkinson's disease were studied using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and [99mTc]-HM-PAO as a tracer. The scanning procedure was performed 16-24 h after discontinuation of specific therapy. Tracer activity ratios were determined in 10 pairs of cerebellar, cortical, and subcortical regions. Data were compared with those of 10 age matched controls. Most of the regions examined did not show any relevant change between parkinsonian and control subjects. Notably, mean activity in striatal regions were similar in the two groups. Increased activity in caudate-putamen was found in patients who were on chronic DOPA therapy. Side-to-side asymmetries in the basal ganglia increased with the severity of the disease. Significant reductions of tracer uptake, from control values, were observed bilaterally in the parietal cortex. These deficits were more pronounced in patients with mental deterioration and in subjects who had been chronically treated with anticholinergic drugs. Parietal perfusion deficits in parkinsonian patients resemble those described in Alzheimer's dementia. These findings suggest that the heterogeneous alterations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in parkinsonian patients reflect the multifactorial pathophysiology of the disease. PMID- 3263977 TI - CBF tomograms with [99mTc-HM-PAO in patients with dementia (Alzheimer type and HIV) and Parkinson's disease--initial results. AB - We present preliminary data on the utility of functional brain imaging with [99mTc]-d,l-HM-PAO and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the study of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), HIV-related dementia syndrome, and the "on-off" syndrome of Parkinson's disease. In comparison with a group of age-matched controls, the DAT patients revealed distinctive bilateral temporal and posterior parietal deficits, which correlate with detailed psychometric evaluation. Patients with amnesia as the main symptom (group A) showed bilateral mesial temporal lobe perfusion deficits (p less than 0.02). More severely affected patients (group B) with significant apraxia, aphasia, or agnosia exhibited patterns compatible with bilateral reduced perfusion in the posterior parietal cortex, as well as reduced perfusion to both temporal lobes, different from the patients of the control group (p less than 0.05). SPECT studies of HIV patients with no evidence of intracraneal space occupying pathology showed marked perfusion deficits. Patients with Parkinson's disease and the "on-off" syndrome studied during an "on" phase (under levodopa therapy) and on another occasion after withdrawal of levodopa ("off") demonstrated a significant change in the uptake of [99mTc]-d,l-HM-PAO in the caudate nucleus (lower on "off") and thalamus (higher on "off"). These findings justify the present interest in the functional evaluation of the brain of patients with dementia. [99mTc]-d,l-HM-PAO and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)/SPECT appear useful and highlight individual disorders of flow in a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. PMID- 3263978 TI - The use of [99mTc]-HM-PAO in the diagnosis of primary degenerative dementia. AB - The clinical value of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the differential diagnosis of dementia due to cerebral atrophy was evaluated by comparing the pattern of distribution [99mTc]-HM-PAO in three dementing conditions. Imaging was carried out in 26 patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease, 14 with dementia of the frontal-lobe type, and 13 with progressive supranuclear palsy. Images were evaluated and reported without knowledge of clinical diagnosis with respect to regions of reduced uptake of tracer. Reduced uptake in the posterior cerebral hemispheres was characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, while selective anterior hemisphere abnormalities characterized both dementia of the frontal-lobe type and progressive supranuclear palsy. The latter conditions could be distinguished on the basis of the appearance of integrity of the rim of the frontal cortex. The technique has an important role in the differentiation of degenerative dementias. PMID- 3263979 TI - Initial cerebral HM-PAO distribution compared to LCBF: use of a model which considers cerebral HM-PAO trapping kinetics. AB - The cerebral uptake of [99mTc]-d,l-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime complex (HM PAO) was compared to LCBF determined simultaneously with [14C]iodoantipyrine (IAP) using double radionuclide quantitative digital autoradiography. Awake male rats were given intravenous injections of a mixture of 50 microCi IAP and 15 mCi of HM-PAO and killed 20 s after tracer activity had first reached the brain. Two separate autoradiograms were produced from each 20 microns brain section. The autoradiograms were digitized, corrected for cross-contamination, and then converted into images of individual tracer concentration. The diffusible tracer model was used to convert the IAP concentration images into LCBF images. Regional HM-PAO concentration was found not to be linearly related to LCBF as determined with the IAP, and therefore a simple microsphere type model was inadequate in relating HM-PAO uptake to LCBF. A better HM-PAO uptake--LCBF correlation was obtained when the HM-PAO arterial input function was corrected for very rapidly produced, non-cerebrally extracted, metabolites and a kinetic model was used that considered the rate of intracerebral metabolism of HM-PAO to a retained metabolite. Even using this model, however, some differences between HM-PAO uptake and LCBF occurred in certain brain regions. Because these differences were small and the HM-PAO uptake pattern has been shown to be constant for many minutes, HM-PAO can probably be used to estimate LCBF in patients with single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. PMID- 3263980 TI - Quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow using SPECT and [99mTc]-d,l-HM PAO compared to xenon-133. AB - The uptake and retention in a 2 cm thick brain section was recorded serially by SPECT after i.v. injection of [99mTc]-d,l-HM-PAO (HM-PAO). In 16 patients, the fraction of the administered dose retained by the brain was 5.2 +/- 1%, showing a peak after 40-50s, then decreasing by 10% within the first 10 min and then by only 0.4% per hour. The image contrast was measured in each patient as the regional hemispheric asymmetry difference in percent of the highest value of the two regions. It decreased from 31% at 30-40 s to 25% at 10 min. At 24 h, a value of 19% was reached. Using the images obtained at 10 min after injection, a region to region comparison of the original and corrected HM-PAO images to the xenon-133 regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) images was performed. Forty-four patients with stroke, epilepsy, dementia, basal ganglia disease, and tumors and control subjects were included in this comparison. The algorithm proposed by Lassen et al. was used to correct the original images for back diffusion of tracer (brain to blood); a good correlation very close to the line of identity between the corrected HM-PAO and xenon-133 data was obtained when using a conversion/clearance ratio of 1.5 and when the noninvolved hemisphere was used as a reference region (r = 0.86, p less than 0.0001). Serial arterial and cerebral venous blood sampling was performed over 10 min following i.v. injection of HM PAO in six patients. An overall brain retention fraction of 0.37 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SEM) was calculated from the data. An average CBF of 0.62 +/- 0.12 ml/g/min was determined on the basis of the Fick principle; this compared to a value of 0.59 +/- 0.09 ml/g/min (mean +/- SEM) measured by the xenon-133 inhalation method. The two sets of CBF values correlated linearly with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 (p less than 0.01). Inserting the average CBF value for the hemisphere as measured by the Fick principle into the algorithm described by Lassen et al. yields absolute rCBF values (ml/g/min) directly from the corrected HM-PAO images.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3263981 TI - SPECT with [99mTc]-d,l-hexamethyl-propylene amine oxime (HM-PAO) compared with regional cerebral blood flow measured by PET: effects of linearization. AB - In order to validate the use of technetium-99m-d,l-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO) as a flow tracer, a total of 21 cases were studied with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), and compared to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured by position emission tomography (PET) using the oxygen-15 CO2 inhalation technique. Although HM-PAO SPECT and rCBF PET images showed a similar distribution pattern the HM-PAO SPECT image showed less contrast between high and low activity flow regions than the rCBF image and a nonlinear relationship between HM-PAO activity and rCBF was shown. Based on the assumption of flow-dependent backdiffusion of HM-PAO from the brain, we applied a "linearization algorithm" to correct the HM-PAO SPECT images. The corrected HM PAO SPECT images revealed a good linear correlation with rCBF (r = 0.901, p less than 0.001). The results indicated HM-PAO can be used as a flow tracer with SPECT after proper correction. PMID- 3263982 TI - A relationship between metabolism in frontal lobes and cerebellum in normal subjects studied with PET. AB - Lesions of one cerebral hemisphere are associated with decreased glucose metabolism, oxygen metabolism, and blood flow in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. We used positron emission tomography to look for a functional relationship in cerebral metabolism between the cerebral cortex and the contralateral cerebellum in normal human subjects. Twenty-four normal subjects were scanned with [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose while in a resting state. Asymmetry in local CMRglu (LCMRglu) in the frontal cortex was strongly correlated with asymmetry in LCMRglu in the opposite direction in the cerebellar hemispheres (r = -0.60, p less than 0.001). Widespread subregions of the frontal cortex were found to contribute to this relationship. Considering these results together with previous studies demonstrating that frontal lesions are associated with decreased metabolism in the contralateral cerebellum, we conclude that the frontal cortex exerts a strong modulating influence on metabolism in the contralateral cerebellum in normal subjects, and that this influence may be asymmetrical. PMID- 3263983 TI - [Treatment of chronic pain of the musculoskeletal system by epidural stimulation]. AB - In order to reduce refractory chronic pain of the musculoskeletal system, the orthopedic surgeon can stimulate electrically the peripheral nerves or the posterior funiculi of the spinal cord (epidural neurostimulation). The authors specify their current indications for epidural stimulation in the treatment of such painful diseases: radicular pain caused by arachnoepidurites, sequelae of trauma inflicted to the spine and medulla; postoperative lomboradicular pain of mixed source, and distal lesions of the plexus brachialis. The indication for an implant stems from a rigorous strategy which requires more particularly that pain regress by more than 50% under transcutaneous neurostimulation applied for a period of least one month and that the psychological and spinal-cerebral integrity be verified. The surgical procedure comprises two stages: first, positioning of an epidural electrode and, then, insertion of a totally implantable multiprogrammable radiostimulator. Judging from a prospective assessment of 20 cases of postoperative lumbar arachnoepiduritis treated in this way, the results are considered quite encouraging. PMID- 3263984 TI - Changes in epidermal growth factor receptor and its messenger ribonucleic acid levels in human placenta and isolated trophoblast cells during pregnancy. AB - We measured the amounts of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in plasma membrane fractions purified from early, middle, and term placentas and from isolated trophoblast cells, and the amounts of EGFR mRNA were measured in whole placentas. Binding studies were performed using [125I] human EGF as ligand; two classes (high and low) of binding sites were found in placental and trophoblast cell plasma membranes. Although dissociation constants (Kd) were not significantly different in placental plasma membranes from the three stages of pregnancy, the number of binding sites increased significantly during pregnancy. The mean numbers of binding sites were 0.72 +/- 0.18 (+/- SE), 1.02 +/- 0.10, and 1.89 +/- 0.21 pmol/mg protein (high affinity sites) in plasma membrane fractions from early, middle, and term whole placentas, respectively. A similar significant increase was found when the membranes were prepared from isolated trophoblast cells. At the same time, total cellular RNA was isolated, denatured, and blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes. Then, hybridization with 32P-labeled pE 7, a cDNA of EGFR, or 32P-labeled v-erb-B oncogene, autoradiography, and densitometry were performed. The EGFR mRNA increased proportionally to the changes in EGFR during pregnancy. These results indicate that EGF-binding sites and EGFR production increase in human placentas throughout the gestational period. PMID- 3263985 TI - [The primary and secondary structures of the ribosomal RNAs of Rana catesbeiana mitochondrion]. PMID- 3263986 TI - [Morphological observations on the alteration of the myenteric plexus neurons in the bullfrog small intestine during metamorphosis]. PMID- 3263987 TI - [Proliferation of cancer cells and stromal changes in transplantable human gastric cancers in nude mice]. PMID- 3263988 TI - [Growth and stromal changes in transplanted human gastric cancer cell lines in nude mice. Especially the role of fibroblasts]. PMID- 3263989 TI - Three types of obsessive compulsive disorder in a community sample. AB - Until recently, prior estimates of the prevalence of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have been based on clinical data. The present investigation studied point prevalence and demographic data that pertain to three ritual-based forms of OCD in a sample of the adult general population of the greater St. Louis area. Two hundred fifty male and 247 female subjects were administered a structured interview designed to identify the presence of symptoms associated with OCD according to DSM-III criteria. The overall prevalence rate of OCD was 2.8%. The most prevalent form of OCD involved checking (1.6%), followed by a miscellaneous category that included repeating, counting and collecting rituals (1.0%) and, finally, washing compulsions (.8%). Subjects with OCD did not differ demographically from the rest of the sample except that they were more likely to live in the city. Results indicate that OCD is more prevalent than previously supposed and that checking compulsions may be the most common form of ritual in nonclinical samples. PMID- 3263990 TI - Diverticular disease of the right colon. PMID- 3263991 TI - Humoral reaction in the inflamed colon in Hirschsprung's disease and ulcerative colitis. AB - An immunological study of B cells in patients with colitis that was associated with Hirschsprung's disease was undertaken and compared with that in patients with ulcerative colitis and in normal controls. There was an appreciable increase in IgA and a decrease in IgG in both disease groups. Humoral reaction in colitis associated with Hirschsprung's disease seems to be indistinguishable from that in ulcerative colitis and possibly in other inflammatory bowel diseases. PMID- 3263992 TI - Lupus erythematosus in a patient with long-standing multiple sclerosis. AB - The occurrence of both lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis in several members within the same family has been previously documented. In the past, patients manifesting symptoms and findings compatible with both of these diseases have posed difficult diagnostic problems. This report concerns a patient with long-standing multiple sclerosis and in whom cutaneous and serologic lupus erythematosus developed. To our knowledge this is the first such case reported in the English literature. A daughter of this patient had developed serologic lupus erythematosus. The intensified study of patients with both of these diseases and those families with several members with one of these diseases may lead to new insights into the cause and pathogenesis of these disorders. PMID- 3263993 TI - Adult celiac disease, small and medium vessel cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis, and T cell lymphoma. AB - Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis of small- and medium-sized vessels developed in a patient with adult celiac disease who later was found to have visceral lymphoma with erythrophagocytosis. Immunologic and genetic probe studies showed the lymphoma to be of T cell differentiation. Celiac disease and T cell lymphoma have been associated previously with the development of cutaneous vasculitis. PMID- 3263994 TI - Prevalence and patterns of tooth loss in U.S. employed adult and senior populations, 1985-86. PMID- 3263995 TI - Late reversibility of tomographic myocardial thallium-201 defects: an accurate marker of myocardial viability. AB - Twenty-one patients were studied who underwent thallium-201 stress-redistribution single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) both before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 15) or transluminal coronary angioplasty (n = 6). All patients underwent thallium imaging 15 min, 4 h and late (18 to 72 h) after stress as part of the preintervention thallium-201 scintigram. In a total of 201 tomographic myocardial segments with definite post-stress thallium-201 perfusion defects in which the relevant coronary arteries were subsequently successfully reperfused, the 4 h redistribution images did not predict the postintervention scintigraphic improvement: 67 (85%) of the 79 4 h reversible as well as 88 (72%) of the 122 4 h nonreversible segments improved (p = NS). The 18 to 72 h late redistribution images effectively subcategorized the 4 h nonreversible segments with respect to postintervention scintigraphic improvement: 70 (95%) of the 74 late reversible segments improved after intervention, whereas only 18 (37%) of the 48 late nonreversible segments improved (p less than 0.0001). The frequency of late reversible defects and the frequency of postrevascularization improvement of late nonreversible defects are probably overestimated by this study because of referral biases. The cardiac counts and target to background ratios from late redistribution studies resulted in satisfactory cardiac images for visual interpretation. For optimal assessment of the extent of viable myocardium by thallium-201 scintigraphic studies, late redistribution imaging should be performed when nonreversible defects are observed on 4 h redistribution images. PMID- 3263996 TI - The frequency of antinuclear antibody (ANA) in children by use of mouse kidney (MK) and human epithelial cells (HEp-2) as substrates. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of antinuclear antibody (ANA) in a normal pediatric population. Sera from 241 children (age range 4 months to 16 years) were tested for IgG ANA by use of indirect immunofluorescence and two commercially available substrates, mouse kidney and human epithelial cells. Patients' sera were tested at three different dilutions. The positivity of the ANA was related to the substrate used. When a screening dilution of 1:5 or 1:10 was used, 2.0% and 1.6% were positive with the mouse kidney or human epithelial cell substrates, respectively, but the positivity dropped to 0.4% when the dilution was 1:20 and 1:40, respectively. Only one serum was positive with both substrates. PMID- 3263997 TI - Measurement of anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antibodies by ELISA. AB - Measurement of antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide polyribosylribitolphosphate (PRP) of Haemophilus influenzae type b by ELISA is made difficult by the poor binding of this antigen to the solid phase. Six coating conditions were compared using immune and non-immune human sera. Direct coating with PRP was inefficient. Precoating with protamine or poly-L-lysine (PLL) yielded irreproducible results and high background levels. Assays with PRP conjugated with PLL as coat were not sensitive enough. In addition, anti-PRP antibodies, especially those belonging to the IgM class, crossreacted with PLL. Coating with avidin or streptavidin followed by incubation with biotin-coupled PRP was not satisfactory either, due to binding of certain sera in the absence of PRP. Coating with PRP coupled to tyramine resulted in low backgrounds and acceptable specific binding levels. However, the finding that the binding of a few sera was only partially inhibited by soluble PRP led us to include an inhibition step in every experiment. Only optical densities inhibited by the antigen were taken into account. In view of the lack of parallelism of dilution curves from different sera, no attempt was made to express the results in weight units. They were expressed in arbitrary units calculated by comparison with internal standards. Under such conditions, the assay permitted a reproducible (interassay coefficients of variation around 10%) determination of PRP-Ab belonging to the various immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclasses and showed a good correlation with results obtained using the Farr assay. PMID- 3263998 TI - Simultaneous colloidal gold immunoelectronmicroscopy labeling of CD1a, HLA-DR, and CD4 surface antigens of human epidermal Langerhans cells. AB - The simultaneous demonstration of three surface antigens of Langerhans cells (LC) within LC-enriched fresh epidermal cell suspensions from normal human skin was achieved, by means of a triple immunogold (IG) staining, using commercially available monoclonal antibodies (moAb) and immunoreagents, in a simple pre embedding immunoelectronmicroscopy (IEM) procedure. As a result, suspended LC were triple-stained as follows: gold particles of 40 nm revealed the CD1 a antigen; gold particles of 20 nm revealed the HLA-DR antigen; and gold particles of 5 nm revealed the CD4 antigen. All the observed epidermal Birbeck granule bearing LC were triple IG stained, thus simultaneously expressing the three surface differentiation antigens, which are therefore different from but coexisting with each other. The present investigation assesses the constant simultaneous expression by Birbeck granules bearing LC of not only CD1a and HLA DR antigens, but also CD4 antigen. The occurrence is therefore excluded of both CD1a-positive HLA-DR-negative LC subpopulation and CD4-negative LC subpopulation, presumably due to the different sensitivity of the various procedures performed. The hypothetical occurrence of CD4-positive, CD1a-, and/or HLA-DR-negative LC subpopulations is ruled out. This study reaffirms indeed the high specificity and sensitivity of the IG-IEM method for a precise detection of the cell surface antigens of LC, and states the suitability of the IG labeling even for accurate multiple IEM stainings of LC. PMID- 3263999 TI - [Coronary artery bypass grafting in women: analyses of preoperative and intraoperative factors]. PMID- 3264000 TI - [Coronary artery bypass grafting using the right gastroepiploic artery]. PMID- 3264001 TI - [The influence of coronary collateral circulation on perioperative cardiac function in aorto-coronary bypass grafting]. PMID- 3264002 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass grafting in an infant with tetralogy of Fallot combined with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect and left single coronary artery nine years follow-up]. PMID- 3264003 TI - [A case report of simultaneous myocardial revascularization and carotid patch angioplasty]. PMID- 3264004 TI - [Localized late cardiac tamponade following A-C bypass surgery]. PMID- 3264005 TI - Cellular aspects of myasthenia gravis. AB - Several cellular aspects were investigated in a large series of patients with MG. First, non-Ag-specific proliferation was tested by measuring the response to r IL2. Thymocytes from most MG patients showed hyperactivity to r-IL2. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from some patients also showed a high response to r-IL2. These responding patients were generally those tested before thymectomy, presenting a high anti-AChR Ab titer and a severe form of the disease. Second, Ag specific proliferation of MG PBL was assayed using 8 synthetic peptides corresponding to selected domains of torpedo or human AChR. Only 2 peptides gave a positive response in a significant number of patients, essentially in those presenting high anti-AChR Ab titer. The first is located near the alpha bungarotoxin binding site and the second is in a cytoplasmic domain, according to models predicting the AChR transmembrane orientation. The positive results were essentially obtained with the human peptides; the corresponding torpedo peptides were positive in very few patients. Both human and torpedo peptides which include a part of the alpha-bungarotoxin binding site were negative. Finally, although morphological abnormalities were clearly visible in thymic hyperplasia, no correlation could be established between the thymus type and the cellular proliferation either to r-IL2, or to the peptides. Overall, our data indicate that cell-dependent mechanisms participate in the pathogenesis of MG, but the level of their involvement deserves further investigation. PMID- 3264006 TI - Effects of the rate of acetylcholine receptor synthesis on the severity of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. AB - The effect of target organ manipulation by means of denervation and treatment with anabolic steroids on the severity of disease in EAMG was assessed in inbred rats. Unilateral limb denervation, a procedure known to increase the AChR content of muscle, 'protected' the denervated leg against antibody-mediated AChr loss in acute EAMG induced by passive transfer of mAb 35 directed against the main immunogenic region. Also in chronic EAMG, brought about by immunizing rats with AChR in complete Freund's adjuvant, the AChR loss of the denervated leg was about one fourth (13.5 vs. 53%) of the control leg. In both acute and chronic EAMG the amount of AChR complexed with antibody was lower in the denervated leg. This lower AChR occupancy with antibody in the denervated leg occurred also in conditions of marked antibody excess and was therefore due to enhanced AChR synthesis. Next the effect of treatment with a weakly virilizing anabolic steroid nandrolone in chronic and acute EAMG was examined in order to examine whether a hypothesized enhanced synthesis of AChR would protect animals from disease. In the absence of an immunosuppressive effect, in terms of concentration of antibodies to AChR, nandrolone treatment protected the rats from severe disease in the chronic EAMG model as shown by the fact that of the 9 rats 6 showed mild (1+) disease and 3 no disease at all; conversely 6 out of 9 control rats showed severe (3+) disease. Rats treated with nandrolone showed a 48 +/- 1.7% loss of AChR compared to a loss of 58 +/- 3.6% in the control rats, suggesting enhanced AChR synthesis. When nandrolone-pretreated rats were given acute EAMG by passive transfer of mAb 35 a paradoxical effect was seen. In contrast to the controls all of the rats pretreated with nandrolone showed severe signs of EAMG; this was associated with a higher loss of AChR and increased consumption of complement C4 as suggested by decreased concentrations of C4 in the serum. Results show increased AChR synthesis to protect against chronic EAMG both in terms of clinical disease (nandrolone) as well as AChR loss (nandrolone, denervation). In addition it was shown that nandrolone increases serum C4 consumption which in the complement-dependent acute EAMG model causes enhancement of the severity of clinical disease and increased AChR loss. PMID- 3264007 TI - Comparison of thymocyte and T lymphocyte gangliosides from C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice. AB - Gangliosides have been prepared from resting murine thymocytes and splenic T cells. Profoundly different two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D TLC) patterns were observed between these two cell types. Thymocytes contained 28-30 discrete gangliosides of which eight represented major gangliosides. Splenic T lymphocytes from both strains had much simpler patterns, with six to seven major gangliosides and 12-13 minor gangliosides. Computerized analysis of the thymocyte ganglioside patterns between LPS-responder C3H/HeN mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice revealed no significant difference in the major gangliosides. However, with splenic T cell gangliosides, there is a striking difference in the relative proportion of three homologous gangliosides between the two strains. Consistent with previous observations on macrophage gangliosides, the ratio of N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing ganglioside to N glycolylneuraminic acid-containing ganglioside was higher in both thymocytes and T-cells from the LPS-responder strain. These results show that sialic acid containing glycolipids from thymocytes and T lymphocytes between endotoxin responder and hyporesponder strains manifest small but significant changes. These differences are present in unstimulated cell populations and may represent a manifestation of the Lps gene. PMID- 3264009 TI - Interactions between endogenous glucocorticoids and inflammatory responses in normal and tumor-bearing mice: role of T cells. AB - Appropriately stimulated lymphocytes and macrophages produce factors in vitro that increase serum corticosterone levels when injected in vivo. In this study, we used euthymic and congenitally athymic mice on a BALB/c background to explore the role of T cells in controlling corticosterone levels and the leukocyte response to inflammation. Adult athymic mice had more intense inflammatory reactions than euthymic mice despite higher basal corticosterone levels. This latter condition may be due to interleukin-1 (IL-1) since macrophages from athymic mice when stimulated in vitro by lipopolysaccharide produced more IL-1 than macrophages from euthymic mice. In response to mitogen stimulation, however, splenocytes from athymic mice produced a factor (not IL-1), which, upon injection, increased corticosterone levels and suppressed inflammation. Production of this factor was enhanced by T cells since splenocyte supernatants from euthymic mice were more potent in eliciting both effects. Evidence for in vivo participation of T cells in regulating corticosterone levels was obtained by tumor transplantation. Injection of syngeneic tumor cells or cell-free tumorous ascites rapidly increased corticosterone levels in euthymic but not athymic mice. Anti-inflammation correlated with increased corticosterone levels but was observed also in athymic mice receiving syngeneic tumor transplants. These studies demonstrate that T cells enhance production of a lymphokine that increases corticosterone levels and are required for the corticosterone response to tumor transplantation. In addition, the data suggest two pathways of anti inflammation in tumor-bearing hosts: a corticosterone-independent, T cell independent mechanism and a T cell-dependent mechanism that involves a lymphokine mediated increase in corticosterone blood levels. PMID- 3264008 TI - Inhibition of human neutrophil and Pseudomonas elastases by the amyloid P component: a constituent of elastic fibers and amyloid deposits. AB - The amyloid P-component (AP), a ubiquitous component of amyloid fibrils, is also a plasma protein and a connective tissue constituent. Its proximity to elastin, in particular, suggested that AP might serve to protect elastic tissue from hydrolytic enzymes. The inhibition of pancreatic elastase by AP has been reported. In the present study, the effects of AP on human neutrophil elastase and Pseudomonas elastase were investigated, and AP was shown to interfere with the cleavage of soluble elastin. As indicated by Michaelis-Menten analysis, AP is acting as a noncompetitive inhibitor. C-reactive protein, which is structurally similar to AP, had no effect on either elastase. AP was also found to inhibit the degradation of secondary amyloid fibrils by neutrophil elastase when these structures were first partially purified and then reexposed to AP. AP's ability to inhibit elastase was compared with alpha-1 antitrypsin in the presence and absence of oxidizing agents. These substances, which are released by inflammatory cells, are known to abrogate alpha-1 antitrypsin's anti-protease capacity. This contributes to elevated levels of free proteases in the circulation and extravascular spaces during severe inflammation. AP is not susceptible to oxidation and remains a functional inhibitor under these conditions. The potential role of AP as an elastase inhibitor is discussed. PMID- 3264010 TI - Infection of a murine T-cell line with a retrovirus carrying c-myc decreases the interleukin-2 cell dependence by a nonautocrine mechanism. AB - A murine interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent T-cell line, CTLL-2, was infected with a retrovirus carrying the mouse c-myc cDNA and the Tn-5 neogene. Transduced cells were selected in the presence of Geneticin sulfate (G418); these cells were shown to express both the endogenous and the transduced c-myc genes. The IL-2 requirement of these cells was then found to be significantly reduced. The cells did not express IL-2 mRNA nor did they produce an activity mitogenic for CTLL-2 cells. This suggests that the reduction of IL-2 dependence observed following retroviral transduction of c-myc is caused by a nonautocrine mechanism. PMID- 3264011 TI - Comparison of some biological effects of epidermal growth factor and commercial serum albumin on the induction of alpha-lactalbumin in rat and rabbit mammary explants. AB - Commercial preparations of serum albumin from six species can markedly enhance the prolactin-independent induction of alpha-lactalbumin in mammary explants from pregnant rats, and evoke such induction in the tissue from virgin rats. These effects are similar to those of epidermal growth factor (EGF) reported previously. The stimulatory activity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) resides in a putative impurity in the albumin. Charcoal extraction and gel filtration of the BSA results in complete loss of activity. Of the five milk protein mRNAs studied, only alpha-lactalbumin mRNA is induced by insulin, glucocorticoid and serum albumin in the absence of prolactin. Despite these similarities, the biological effects of serum albumin and EGF on mammary tissue diverge in some respects. They appear to operate by different mechanisms since their effects on the rat system are additive. Furthermore, while both inhibit prolactin-mediated induction of alpha-lactalbumin in rabbit mammary explants, cortisol converts EGF into a stimulatory agent, but merely blocks the inhibitory effect of serum albumin. The results emphasize that commercial serum albumin is not to be regarded simply as an inert protein additive to culture media. PMID- 3264012 TI - Corticotrophin-releasing factor immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus of the rat during the perinatal period. AB - Corticotrophin-releasing factor-41 (CRF-41) immunoreactivity has been measured in hypothalamic extracts of fetal (on days 17, 19 and 21 of gestation), neonatal (1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age) and adult rats with a specific radioimmunoassay developed for synthetic rat CRF-41. The hypothalamic content (fmol) and concentration (fmol/mg protein) of immunoreactive CRF-41 gradually increased with age. Chromatography of hypothalamic extracts on Sephadex G-50 Fine showed one single peak of immunoreactive CRF-41 which co-eluted with synthetic rat CRF-41. The retention time of hypothalamic CRF-41 during high-performance liquid chromatography was identical to that of synthetic rat CRF-41 at all stages investigated. These results are consistent with the development of neurones containing CRF-41-like molecules in both the hypothalamus and the median eminence of the fetus, as well as with the hypothalamic control of the cortico-stimulating function of the pituitary gland as early as day 19 of gestation. PMID- 3264013 TI - Early abrupt recovery from ataxia during vestibular compensation in goldfish. AB - 1. Vestibular compensation was studied in goldfish that had had the utriculus and semicircular canal organs unilaterally removed. Characteristic postoperative behavioural deficits of postural asymmetry were quantitatively scored. Operated animals were compared with those subject to the same duration of anaesthesia and restraint during a sham operation. 2. The period of several minutes following the operation was characterized by severe postural asymmetry and locomotor ataxia. In the operated fish, but not the sham-operated ones, the eyes rolled tonically towards the operated side without nystagmus, the body was flexed towards the operated side, and any swimming was disoriented with rolling motion towards the operated side. These deficits lasted less than 30 min after revival from the anaesthesia. All three behavioral deficits ended abruptly within 1 min of each other for individual fish, and normal, nearly upright swimming was then maintained, even in the dark. 3. We interpret this recovery as one of the first stages in the central process of vestibular compensation. The unusually abrupt end of these deficits in adult goldfish compared with that in other vertebrates suggests a remarkable capacity for the central nervous system to adapt. The speed of recovery of three distinct motor outputs supports models of early compensation that utilize central modulation or gain control of existing pathways, rather than anatomical reorganization. PMID- 3264014 TI - Postural changes occurring during one month of vestibular compensation in goldfish. AB - 1. Postural behavioural changes during vestibular compensation were studied in goldfish. The tilting posture induced by directional light in the dorsal light reflex (DLR) was monitored by an automated camera system. Responses were measured over a 1-month period following a partial unilateral labyrinthectomy. 2. After the fish had recovered from the ataxic stage, the first observable DLR had shifted strongly towards the operated side. This early bias decreased rapidly, then more gradually. Mean values for the DLR reached a steady state within 2 weeks. 3. Recovery rates were slowest for DLR tilts elicited by light presented from the operated side. 4. The DLR did not recover to preoperative control values for light from either the intact or operated side. Shortly after the operation, light from the operated side produced DLR values nearly double the normal; light from the intact side had an effect very little different from normal. At steady state, the light effect from the operated side had decreased from the high immediately post-ataxic levels to a level roughly 1.5 times normal, but the light effect from the intact side had increased, also reaching a level roughly 1.5 times normal. Thus the final values again show symmetry. 5. Variability appears to be an important feature of the response. PMID- 3264015 TI - Family practice patients' experiences and beliefs in faith healing. AB - Faith healers have become more visible as an alternative to traditional medicine because of the growth of television evangelism. The extent to which patients engage in alternative therapies such as faith healing, however, is not fully known. To further explore patients' involvement in faith healing, a cross sectional survey was administered to 207 patients in one rural family practice. Most respondents (58 percent) reported that faith healers are "quacks," but 29 percent believed that faith healers can help some people who physicians cannot help. Twenty-one percent had attended a faith-healing service. Six percent stated they had actually been healed by faith healers, and 15 percent reported they personally knew someone who had been healed. Participation in faith-healing services was significantly higher among blacks (P less than .01) and those with less than a high school education (P less than .01). The finding that many patients embrace faith healing has implications for traditional family practice and may explain why patients sometimes reject medical treatment. Physicians need to be sensitive to patients' beliefs about "faith," and must determine the extent to which patients reject the scientific approach before physicians can become effective "healers." PMID- 3264016 TI - Freeze-fracture study of the perineurium around frog dorsal root ganglia. AB - The perineurium around frog dorsal root ganglia consists of layers of flattened cells separated by extracellular connective tissue elements. The number of layers is smaller than that in the perineurium around adjacent peripheral nerves, and some of the layers are discontinuous, but in both cases, cells in the same layer overlap and form tight junctions with each other, sometimes accompanied by desmosomes or gap junctions. In freeze-fracture replicas the tight junctions between perineurial cells around peripheral nerves consist of 13-91 strands (mean: approximately 38). Some of these are parallel to the cell borders and some are oblique, forming elaborate meshworks. The overall width of each junction averages approximately 12 microns. In contrast, the tight junctions between perineurial cells around ganglia are much narrower, averaging approximately 2 microns in width, and they consist of only 1-14 strands (mean: approximately 6) with few anastomoses and many free ends. These structural differences provide a morphological basis for a less complete diffusion barrier around dorsal root ganglia. PMID- 3264017 TI - Voltage-clamp analysis of taurine-induced suppression of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in frog spinal motoneurons. AB - 1. The depressant actions of taurine applications on lumbar motoneurons in the isolated frog spinal cord were studied using conventional intracellular recordings and the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. 2. With microelectrodes containing K+-acetate, 0.75-2 mM taurine mostly induced a hyperpolarization that often faded or turned into depolarization during the continuous application. A higher concentration (5-7.5 mM) depolarized a majority of cells. The effects on the membrane potential were associated with an increase in input conductance (approximately 285%). 3. The reversal potential of the taurine-induced currents was approximately -70 mV, with microelectrodes containing K+-acetate. In recordings using KCl-filled electrodes, taurine (less than or equal to 2 mM) produced a large depolarization (greater than or equal to 20 mV) at resting potentials near -50 mV, thereby indicating that the reversal potential was positively shifted by loading the cell with Cl-. These results suggest that the taurine potentials were mediated predominantly by an increased Cl- permeability. 4. Voltage-dependent relaxations of taurine currents were observed in 10 of 14 neurons. 5. A linear relation was found between the input conductance and the amount of current required to generate a 1-mV increment in EPSP at resting potential. 6. Polysynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and currents (EPSCs) were more susceptible to taurine than the monosynaptic responses. Taurine (less than 1 mM) seemed to suppress the interneurons mediating polysynaptic pathways. 7. Monosynaptic EPSPs and EPSCs were decreased with higher concentrations of taurine (greater than 1 mM). The percent reduction of EPSPs and that of the corresponding EPSCs had a positive correlation (r = 0.95), whereas, there was no significant correlation between changes in EPSPs and in input conductance, and between changes in EPSCs and in input conductance. The amount of current required to produce a 1-mV increment of EPSP was increased in the presence of taurine, in association with the increased input conductance. 8. Taurine suppressed synaptic potentiation of EPSPs evoked by paired stimuli, at an interval of 60-180 ms. Gamma-D-glutamylglycine, an antagonist of receptors for excitatory amino acids, greatly reduced the amplitude of EPSPs, but had little effect on synaptic potentiation. 9. Taurine suppressed glutamate currents evoked at membrane potentials, clamped near rest in low Ca2+, high Mg2+ solution. 10. These findings suggest that the taurine-induced reduction of EPSPs is due mainly to suppression of EPSCs, through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3264018 TI - Motor nerve terminal sprouting in formamide-treated inactive amphibian skeletal muscle. AB - Motor axons can form sprouts from their terminal arborizations in response to partial denervation, and when exposed to pharmacological blocking agents like TTX, botulinum toxins alpha-bungarotoxin, or curare. Each of these experimental procedures has cessation of muscle contractile activity as a common feature. We tested the specific role of muscle fiber inactivity in regulating nerve terminal sprouting by chronically treating adult frog (Rana pipiens) cutaneous pectoris muscles with formamide. Exposure to formamide, unlike the other compounds used to study sprouting, selectively inhibits muscle contractions without blocking pre- or postsynaptic transmission or muscle fiber action potentials. Repeated formamide applications were used to achieve chronic block of muscle contractile activity in vivo for up to 6 weeks. Motor axons in formamide-treated inactive muscle sprouted only from their terminal arborizations, but not from nodes of Ranvier. The onset of this sprouting was protracted compared with that seen in pharmacologically blocked mammalian muscles, and sprouts in formamide-treated muscles were more complex and ornate. The frequency of sprouting terminals was less in these formamide-treated muscles than that seen after alternate methods of contractile block, and this suggests that contractile inactivity alone serves as only a moderate cue for sprouting. The possibility is discussed that the prolific sprouting seen following neurotoxin administration may, in fact, be due to perturbations in synaptic transmission or muscle electrical activity rather than muscle fiber inactivity. PMID- 3264019 TI - Normal SPECT thallium-201 bull's-eye display: gender differences. AB - The bull's-eye technique synthesizes three-dimensional information from single photon emission computed tomographic 201TI images into two dimensions so that a patient's data can be compared quantitatively against a normal file. To characterize the normal database and to clarify differences between males and females, clinical data and exercise electrocardiography were used to identify 50 males and 50 females with less than 5% probability of coronary artery disease. Results show inhomogeneity of the 201TI distributions at stress and delay: septal to lateral wall count ratios are less than 1.0 in both females and males; anterior to inferior wall count ratios are greater than 1.0 in males but are approximately equal to 1.0 in females. Washout rate is faster in females than males at the same peak exercise heart rate and systolic blood pressure, despite lower exercise time. These important differences suggest that quantitative analysis of single photon emission computed tomographic 201TI images requires gender-matched normal files. PMID- 3264020 TI - Assessment and comparison of three scatter correction techniques in single photon emission computed tomography. AB - The detection of scattered radiation is recognized as one of the major sources of error in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In this work three scatter correction techniques have been assessed and compared. Scatter coefficients and parameters characteristic of each technique have been calculated through Monte Carlo simulations and experimentally measured for various source geometries. Their dependence on the source/matter distribution and their spatial non-stationarity have been described. Each of the three scatter correction methods has then been tested on several SPECT phantom studies. The three methods provided comparable results. Following scatter compensation, both image quality and quantitative accuracy improved. In particular a slight improvement in spatial resolution and a statistically significant increase in cold lesion contrast, hot lesion recovery coefficient, and signal/noise ratio have been demonstrated with all methods. PMID- 3264021 TI - An image-dependent Metz filter for nuclear medicine images. AB - To provide optimal image quality, digital filters should account for both the count level and the object imaged. That is, they should be image-dependent. By using the constraint equation of constrained least-squares (CLS) restoration to determine one parameter of the Metz filter, a filter which adapts to the image has been developed. This filter has been named the Constrained Least-Squares Metz filter. The filter makes use of a regression relation to convert the Metz filter parameter determined using the CLS criterion to the value which would minimize the normalized mean square error (NMSE). The regression relation and the parameters which specify the general form of the Metz filter were determined using images of the Alderson liver and spleen phantoms. The designed filter was tested for its ability to adapt to other objects with images from each of three different test objects. When the values of the Metz filter parameters for these images determined by the CLS-Metz filter were compared by a regression analysis to those which minimized the NMSE for each image, a correlation coefficient of 0.98, a slope of 0.95, and a zero intercept of 0.1 were obtained. With clinical images, the CLS-Metz filter has been shown to provide consistently good image quality with images as diverse as heart perfusion images and bone studies. PMID- 3264022 TI - A process to improve the documentation of nurses' notes. PMID- 3264023 TI - Analysis of variables associated with promotion of resistance and its abrogation in T cell-reconstituted nude mice infected with Leishmania major. AB - Upon intradermal challenge with the protozoan parasite Leishmania major, some mouse strains develop chronic cutaneous lesions, whereas other mouse strains show a resolving pattern of disease. The importance of T cell-dependent immunity in resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis is substantiated by the susceptibility to infection of athymic nude mice of both resistant and susceptible strains. Small numbers of T lymphocytes from uninfected euthymic mice promote resistance in nude mice but T cells from chronically infected mice can impair this protective effect. In the present study we used an adoptive transfer system in which nude mice were reconstituted with T cells from normal or chronically infected mice in order to further investigate protection against disease or disease promotion. The results supported the following conclusions: (a) the host-protective activity of T cells from uninfected mice is highly effective even in long-term chronically infected nude mice, (b) T cell-mediated exacerbation of cutaneous disease does not involve enhancement of lesion development and is thus unlikely to be based on an accelerated proliferation of parasites in the lesion, (c) disease-promoting cells are not only found in genetically susceptible mice but can also be induced in genetically resistant mice, and (d) lymphoid organs of genetically susceptible mice chronically infected with L. major contain resistance-promoting cells in addition to disease-promoting cells. The data, together with those of others, continue to support the notion that recruitment with expansion and/or activation of different T cell subsets underlies genetically based resistance and susceptibility of mice to L. major. PMID- 3264024 TI - Frogs use retinal elevation as a cue to distance. AB - We have investigated the role that retinal elevation plays in a frog's (Rana pipiens) estimate of prey distance. We dissociated retinal elevation from other depth cues by artificially increasing the height of the frogs' eyes above the ground. Frogs then snapped short of their prey in their ventral visual field as if their estimate of distance were determined primarily by the retinal elevation of the image of the prey. The data suggest that the frog assumes its eyes to be about 3 cm above the ground. Other cues modify depth judgements when targets are close to this assumed ground-plane. PMID- 3264025 TI - B-cell proliferation and differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) are characterized by B-cell hyperactivity as manifested by spontaneous in vitro production of immunoglobulins (Ig), but pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced Ig synthesis of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells, a T-cell dependent process, is markedly decreased. We analyzed the defective capacity to produce Ig in vitro in 11 patients with SLE and 11 with MCTD. PWM-activated PB T-cells, both from SLE and MCTD-patients, did not differ from control T-cells in their capacity to produce B-cell growth factors (BCGF) and B-cell differentiation factors (BCDF). However, B-cell proliferative responsiveness to control T-cell factors was decreased compared to control B-cells (p less than 0.01). In contrast to PB B cells splenic B-cells from a patient with MCTD who underwent splenectomy were highly responsive to T-cell factors in a dose dependent way. It is concluded that the defective PWM-induced Ig production of PB lymphocytes in SLE/MCTD is due to decreased responsiveness of PB B cells to T-cell factors. However, analysis of splenic lymphocytes may be more representative for evaluation of the immunoregulatory disturbances in these disorders. PMID- 3264026 TI - Detection of two associated precipitating autoantibodies (DA1 and DA2) in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In a clinical and serological study performed on a large series of patients with different connective tissue disorders, only sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) contained two precipitin systems (DA1 and DA2) directed against nuclear proteins present in a total extract of human spleen. DA1 antibody appeared in 5% of SLE patients and was always associated with DA2 antibody which was found in about 22% of SLE patients. Sera monospecific for DA1 and DA2 antibodies gave a speckled staining pattern on both rat kidney and HEp2 cells. DA1-positive patients showed a higher incidence of photosensitivity (p less than 0.001), hepatosplenomegaly (p less than 0.001), hemolytic anemia (p less than 0.05), CNS involvement, vasculitis, and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis than DA1-negative ones. DA2-positive patients showed an increased incidence of leukopenia (p less than 0.05) and thrombocytopenia (p less than 0.01) than controls. While several indirect evidences suggest that DA1 precipitin might be identical to the previously described MA antibody, DA2 precipitin appears as a new system in SLE. The serological association between DA1 and DA2 antibodies might be analogous to the well known ones between antibodies to Sm and nRNP and to SSA/Ro and SSB/La. PMID- 3264027 TI - Complement fixation by solid phase immune complexes. Reduced capacity in SLE sera. AB - We describe an ELISA for assessment of complement function based on the capacity of serum to support fixation of complement components to solid phase immune complexes (IC). Microplates were coated with aggregated bovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by rabbit anti-BSA IgG. The solid phase IC were reacted with human serum. The uptake of C3b, C4b and properdin was measured using biotinylated F(ab)2 antibodies to each of the proteins, avidin alkaline phosphatase, and paranitrophenyl phosphate. Serial samples obtained from 15 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were investigated. Out of 72 sera, 24 showed a reduced capacity to support incorporation of C4b into solid phase IC. Thirty-one of the sera showed low C3b binding and 59 of the sera a reduced uptake of properdin. The incorporation into solid phase IC of C3b and C4b as well as of C3b and properdin were closely correlated at high disease activity. In general, patients with severe disease manifestations showed low values in the uptake assays. Judging from the results obtained by analysis of serial samples, the uptake of C3b, C4b and properdin, complement mediated solubilization of fluid phase IC and the concentrations of C1q binding IC were useful indicators of disease activity in the patients. The concentrations of circulating C4, C3 and properdin varied less consistently according to disease activity. The concentrations of serum properdin were never found to be low, which was in contrast to the finding of reduced properdin uptake by solid phase IC in most of the samples. PMID- 3264028 TI - Symposium on the expanding role of folates and fluoropyrimidines in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3264029 TI - Role of specific interactions between protein kinase C and triphenylethylenes in inhibition of the enzyme. AB - The tumor promoter receptor protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated as a key enzyme in cellular growth regulation. It is, therefore, believed that specific PKC inhibitors may include effective antiproliferative agents. Previously, we have shown that the antiestrogen tamoxifen and related triphenylethylenes are potent inhibitors of PKC. Although the mechanism of inhibition of PKC by triphenylethylenes clearly involves nonspecific interactions between the antiestrogens and the lipid cofactor of PKC, we recently demonstrated that PKC itself has specific triphenylethylene-binding sites, suggesting that the inhibitory mechanism also involves specific drug-protein interactions. In this report, we characterize the direct interactions between PKC and triphenylethylenes and demonstrate their relevance to the inhibitory action of triphenylethylenes against PKC. We show (a) that the triphenylethylene-binding sites of PKC are located in the catalytic domain of the enzyme, (b) that MgATP (i.e., 10 mM MgCl2 plus 1 mM ATP) competes with the triphenylethylenes for binding sites on PKC, and (c) that triphenylethylenes are competitive inhibitors of PKC with respect to MgATP. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence that triphenylethylenes can inhibit PKC by binding directly to the ATP-binding region of the active site of the enzyme. The specific interactions between triphenylethylenes and PKC characterized here may provide a rationale for developing more specific PKC inhibitors. PMID- 3264030 TI - Trypanosomes of Bufo americanus from northern Michigan. AB - Two hundred one American toads (Bufo americanus) from northern Michigan were examined for blood trypanosomes. Three species, Trypanosoma bufophlebotomi, T. schmidti-like sp. and T. pseudopodia, had prevalences of 27, 16 and 1%, respectively. Cross experimental inoculations showed that T. bufophlebotomi from toads is not the same as T. ranarum found in frogs of the family Ranidae of this region. PMID- 3264031 TI - [Quantitative estimation of viable myocardium in the infarcted zone by infarct redistribution map from images of exercise thallium-201 emission computed tomography]. PMID- 3264032 TI - [Bull's eye- analyses in polar coordinate]. PMID- 3264033 TI - [Analysis of regional cerebral blood flow and redistribution phenomenon on 123I IMP SPECT: its clinical significance in occlusive cerebral vascular disorders]. PMID- 3264034 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow measurement by 133Xe inhalation method using SPECT with dual gamma cameras]. PMID- 3264035 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in a patient with Wilson's disease. AB - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 133Xe inhalation was studied in a patient with Wilson's disease, who had the low-density lesions in the bilateral ganglia and a small calcified lesion in the left basal ganglia on computed tomography (CT). SPECT showed the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the basal ganglia area. The values of the rCBF in these areas are 77 to 91 ml/100g/min in the right, and 56 to 77 ml/100g/min in the left. Further study is needed to prove the pathological role of rCBF for the basal ganglia lesion in the patient with Wilson's disease. PMID- 3264036 TI - A case of postpartum hypopituitarism (Sheehan's syndrome) associated with severe hyponatremia and congestive heart failure. AB - A case of a 69-year-old woman with postpartum hypopituitarism (Sheehan's syndrome) associated with congestive heart failure and severe hyponatremia is reported. She developed congestive heart failure after cholecystectomy, and marked improvement was noted by treatment with oxygen, digoxin, furosemide, and dopamine. Two weeks after surgery, she became confused, and hyponatremia, 106 mEq/l, was detected. She was referred to us. Past history revealed postpartum hemorrhage at the age of 34, followed by a failure to lactate, menoschesis, and loss of pubic hair and axillary hair. Hypertonic saline (1.5%) infusion and water restriction increased her serum sodium concentration into the low normal range. Despite hyponatremia, serum vasopressin was not suppressed. Basal levels of pituitary hormones were low, and they did not respond to provocation tests. Marked impairment of water excretion was noted, and plasma vasopressin was not suppressed during a water-loading test. These results suggest that inappropriately increased vasopressin played an important role in impaired water excretion, and this defect could have been responsible for the development of hyponatremia and congestive heart failure in this patient. PMID- 3264037 TI - [Hepatic blood flow studied by computed scintigraphy in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases]. PMID- 3264039 TI - Recommended safe practices for using the neurotoxin MPTP in animal experiments. AB - The metabolism and distribution of the parkinsonian syndrome inducing neurotoxin MPTP has been studied in non-human primates and mice housed in controlled environmental chambers. 14C6-MPTP was prepared and injected at concentrations normally employed for lesioning experiments (30 mg/kg in mice, 0.3 mg/kg in monkeys). All interior surfaces of the chambers which could be reached by animals or their excreta were contaminated with radiolabeled metabolites. Vapor born unmetabolized MPTP was negligible, although significant amounts of MPTP were found in the excreta of mice (less than or equal to 15% injected dose) and small amounts from rhesus monkeys (less than 2%). Procedures to minimize contact with animal fur, bedding and excreta should protect investigators working with MPTP over extended periods. Permanganate oxidation effectively detoxifies solutions of MPTP. MPTP, MPP+, common synthetic intermediates, and the products of MPTP's oxidation are not mutagenic as measured by a Salmonella-microsome assay. PMID- 3264038 TI - [Surgical treatment of hypersplenism in a viral lesion of the blood and bone marrow cells]. PMID- 3264040 TI - Production of interleukin-3 from a T-cell neoplasm. AB - We have established a new T-cell line (CL-8313) that produces interleukin-3 from the spleen cells of mice with a radiation-induced myeloproliferative disorder. IL 3 activity was detected at an extremely high level in the culture medium of the CL-8313 cell line in the absence of any exogenous stimulator. A large amount of IL-3 transcript also was demonstrated in CL-8313 cells. BPA- and CSF-activity was detected at a high level in the culture medium of the CL-8313 cell line. Southern blot analysis of high molecular weight DNA from the CL-8313 cells showed they had unique rearrangement of the antigen receptor beta chain gene. Therefore, we concluded that CL-8313 cells belonged to T-lineage lymphocytes and constitutively produced a high level of IL-3. PMID- 3264041 TI - Phytohemagglutinin induced proliferation by aged lymphocytes: reduced expression of high affinity interleukin-2 receptors and interleukin-2 secretion. AB - Human lymphocytes from elderly and young donors were cultured with phytohemagglutinin. Cultures from two groups of aged donors, recruited respectively from our ambulatory clinic and a nursing home, incorporated less tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) and secreted less interleukin-2 than did young donors. Furthermore, as determined for the first time by a radioligand binding receptor assay, the aged lymphoblasts possessed significantly fewer high affinity IL-2 receptors per cell. Despite a decrease in the number of high affinity receptor cells the dissociation constant (Kd) was comparable for the three groups. It was also shown that the amounts of soluble IL-2 receptors that were released into the supernatants by mitogen stimulated cells did not differ for the aged and young donors. These data suggest that defects in IL-2 production and high affinity IL-2 receptor generation may both be responsible for immune deficiency in the elderly. PMID- 3264042 TI - Exercise modality and selected coronary risk factors: a multivariate approach. AB - To evaluate group differences in coronary risk which could be attributed to the modality of habitual exercise, selected physiologic and lipid indices of coronary artery disease (CAD) were measured in 57 endurance trained (ET), strength trained (ST), or sedentary (SED) men (19 per group, aged 21 to 44 yr). Initial data reduction accomplished with principle component analysis identified three factors with eigenvalues greater than one. Orthogonal rotation of the preliminary solution demonstrated that low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), percent body fat (%BF) and VO2max, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) could be used to represent Factors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The subsequent MANOVA using these variables proved significant. Post hoc analysis via simultaneous confidence intervals indicated that LDL-C group differences were not significant. Values for %BF and HCL-C in the ST group (14.0% and 1.17 mmol.l-1, respectively) were between but did not differ significantly from respective values in the ET (11.8% and 1.34 mmol.l-1) and SED (18.7% and 1.13 mmol.l-1) groups. However, %BF and HDL-C differences between the ET and SED groups were significant. The VO2max of the ET subjects (63.2 ml.kg-1.min-1) was significantly higher than that of either the ST or SED subjects (49.5 and 46.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively). These results suggest that ET is the most effective modality of exercise for CAD risk reduction while benefits derived from ST are minimal. PMID- 3264043 TI - Cardiorespiratory fitness in highly active versus inactive paraplegics. AB - Maximum and submaximum arm crank exercise performances were assessed in male paraplegics (PARA) with the purpose of comparing cardiovascular responses among individuals of highly active (A, N = 15) vs inactive (I, N = 15) lifestyles. The A PARAs (average VO2 peak during arm cranking 2.24 l.min-1) demonstrated a significantly higher maximal cardiorespiratory fitness compared to I subjects (average VO2 peak 1.56 l.min-1). During graded arm exertion, at exercise intensities approximating 45%, 57%, and 70% of VO2 peak, the active subjects developed cardiac outputs (assessed via CO2-rebreathing) ranging from 9.07 to 11.21 l.min-1; a 34-44% advantage relative to their inactive counterparts (6.30 8.36 l.min-1). Similarly, exercise stroke volumes for A (76-80 ml) were 38-45% higher than for I paraplegics (55-56 ml). Although both groups demonstrated a distinctive circulatory hypokinesis during arm cranking, the immediate pattern of cardiovascular response was dissimilar for the highly active versus inactive subjects. The former demonstrated a predominantly "central" adaptation to steady state arm exercise (exhibiting normal stroke volumes and arteriovenous O2 extractions for spinal cord-injured subjects), while the latter displayed markedly reduced stroke volumes concomitant with abnormally large peripheral arteriovenous oxygen extractions for a given oxygen uptake. PMID- 3264044 TI - Speculation on the evolution of insulin-dependent diabetes genes. AB - A hypothesis about the evolution of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) susceptibility alleles is proposed. IDDM is known to be associated with two HLA DR alleles, DR3 and DR4. DR3 is associated with IDDM in all ethnoracial groups including populations in which IDDM is rare, such as African and Asian populations, as well as whites in whom IDDM is common. However, in general, DR4 is associated with IDDM only in populations with white ancestry with high rates of IDDM. IDDM in American blacks illustrates the evolutionary patterns of the two diabetes alleles. The frequency of IDDM in American blacks relative to that in American whites (20% to 30%) approximates the frequency of the American black gene pool that is white-derived (also 20% to 30%), and DR4 is associated with IDDM in American blacks but not in African blacks. These data are consistent with the infusion of a dominant white-derived DR4-associated diabetes allele into the black gene pool. Recent studies of mitochondrial DNA suggest that modern humans evolved in Africa 200,000 to 300,000 years ago and that repeated migrations populated the world. The DR-population:IDDM-frequency relationships suggest that the DR3-associated diabetes allele evolved early (greater than or equal to 100,000 years ago) in Africa, whereas the DR4-associated diabetes allele evolved later (less than 15,000 years ago) in northern Europe. Recent data from studies of IDDM in families and populations which suggest that the DR4-associated allele has dominant characteristics and the DR3-associated allele has recessivelike characteristics fit into this hypothesis. PMID- 3264045 TI - STDs increasing, center reports. PMID- 3264046 TI - The growth of compact and diffuse variants of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitic and normal whey. AB - Strains of Staphylococcus aureus producing either diffuse or compact colonies in serum-soft agar were grown in bovine normal and mastitic whey. Bacterial growth was followed by automated turbidometry. Compact strains multiplied faster and to higher final numbers in mastitic whey than diffuse strains, whereas diffuse strains grew to higher numbers in normal whey. Nutrients (hemolysed bovine blood, bovine serum, proteose-peptone) were added to normal whey to enhance bacterial growth as in mastitic whey. The growth-promoting effect of these nutrients was dose-dependent for compact strains but not for diffuse strains. The difference in the growth characteristics of diffuse and compact strains in bovine whey explains some aspects of the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis. PMID- 3264047 TI - Modulation of some human mononuclear cells activities by procaine. AB - The in vitro effects of a local anesthetic, a membrane active drug, procaine, on some functional activities of circulating human lymphocytes and monocytes were studied. Procaine inhibited spontaneous E-rosette formation between T-lymphocytes and sheep erythrocytes and EAC-rosettes with B-lymphocytes. In addition, procaine inhibited both the phagocytosis of latex particles by normal monocytes and the proliferation of lymphocytes in an allogeneic mixed leukocyte culture. Morphologically the procaine-treated cells exhibited a relative increase in the size of the cytoplasmic rim around their nuclei. The results indicated that procaine might be considered as a non-specific immunoregulator, modulating to some extent the functional expression of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells activities. PMID- 3264048 TI - Questions number of HIV carriers. PMID- 3264049 TI - State of the art: poison centers in Minnesota. PMID- 3264050 TI - On the substrate specificity of cytochrome P450IIIA1. AB - The instability of the solubilized/purified form, the lack of catalytic activity of the stabilized, macrolide-complexed form, and the compromised catalytic activity of the decomplexed form of steroid-inducible cytochrome P450IIIA1 motivated further investigations of the substrate specificity of this isozyme. A major complementary goal was to identify reactions utilizable as sensitive, specific diagnostic probes for the detection and partial characterization of this isozyme in tissues for which isolation and purification are not practical (e.g., extrahepatic, embryonic tissues, etc.). The approach utilized a combination of a specific, purified inducer, specific inhibitors including triacetyloleandomycin and inhibitory antibodies, and diagnostic probe substrates including the phenoxazone ethers, testosterone, warfarin, 2-acetylaminofluorene, estradiol-17 beta and benzo[a]pyrene. The results obtained indicated that steroid-inducible, rat hepatic P450IIIA1 would catalyze minimal or no O-dealkylation of methoxy-, ethoxy- or pentoxyphenoxazone but catalyzed rapid O-debenzylation of benzyloxyphenoxazone. Hydroxylation of testosterone was specific for the beta face of the molecule at the 2-, 6-, 15- and 16-positions with no detectable conversion to androstenedione and minimal hydroxylation on the alpha face. Both the R- and S-enantiomers of warfarin were attacked at positions 9 and 10, and these reactions appeared to be specific to isozymes of the IIIA family. Aromatic hydroxylation of estradiol-17 beta was efficiently catalyzed, particularly at the 2-position. Hydroxylations of 2-acetylaminofluorene at positions 5 and 7 were catalyzed at relatively rapid rates, but N-hydroxylation of the same substrate was not catalyzed effectively. Hydroxylation of benzo[a]pyrene occurred preferentially at carbon 3 with much lesser activity at carbon 9 and little or no detectable attack at positions 7 or 1. The results indicated that the 2 beta- and 15 beta-hydroxylation of testosterone and the 10-hydroxylation of warfarin would serve as the most useful probes thus far available for detection of the presence of functional P450IIIA1 isozymes in tissues for which isolation and purification are impractical. The results also indicated a very broad, yet selective substrate specificity for the steroid-inducible P450IIIA1. PMID- 3264051 TI - Epidemiology of focal and generalized dystonia in Rochester, Minnesota. AB - The epidemiology of generalized and focal dystonias was investigated in the Rochester, Minnesota, population over the period 1950-1982. The crude incidence of generalized dystonia was 2 per million persons per year, and for all focal dystonias combined, 24 per million per year. The crude prevalence rate was 34 per million persons for generalized dystonia and 295 per million persons for all focal dystonias. Torticollis was the most common focal dystonia; essential blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, and writer's cramp were less common and had roughly equal incidence and prevalence rates. PMID- 3264052 TI - Analysis of restriction profiles of mitochondrial DNA from Sporothrix schenckii and related fungi. AB - Restriction profiles by HaeIII of mitochondrial DNA were studied for classification and distinction of Sporothrix schenckii (100 strains), S. schenckii var. luriei (1), S. curviconia (1), S. inflata (7), Ceratocystis stenoceras (17) and C. minor (7). These 6 species showed unique restriction profiles which could be discriminated from each other S. schenckii was further separable into 11 types, S. inflata into 4 types, C. stenoceras into 4 types and C. minor into 7 types based on restriction profile heterogeneity. PMID- 3264053 TI - Deletion of self-reactive T cells before entry into the thymus medulla. AB - The thymus is important in the differentiation of bone marrow-derived precursor cells into functional T cells; humoral factors, as well as physical interactions with nurse cells, dendritic cells and epithelial cells, are thought to be instrumental in this process. Thymic lymphocytes mature during their migration from the cortical to the medullary region of the thymus, when they undergo phenotypic changes that include the acquisitions of T-cell antigen receptors, hormone receptors and differentiation antigens. Cortical T cells are thus mostly CD4+CD8+, whereas medullary T cells are either CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8+. During this period T cells are subjected to two types of repertoire selection: all T cells recognizing self-MHC with low affinity may be preferentially amplified (positive selection), and in a second step T cells with high-affinity receptors for self MHC determinants plus self antigens are eliminated (negative selection). We have described two monoclonal antibodies specific for the V beta 6 gene segment of the alpha/beta heterodimeric T-cell antigen receptor and have shown that most CD4+/V beta 6+ T cell recognize the Mlsa antigenic determinant but not Mlsb; similar results have been reported for V beta 8.1 and Mlsa. In both situations, tolerance to Mlsa correlated in an MHC-dependent fashion with absence of V beta 6 or V beta 8.1 T-cell antigen receptor expressing T cells in the periphery. We show here by immunostaining of thymus cryosections and cytofluorometric analysis that V beta 6 expressing cortical T cells are present at high density in both Mlsa and Mlsb mice, but do not enter the medullary region of Mlsa animals. PMID- 3264054 TI - Positive selection of CD4+ thymocytes controlled by MHC class II gene products. AB - The mature T-cell antigen receptor repertoire is characterized by lack of reactivity to self-components as well as by preferential reactivity to foreign antigens in the context of polymorphic self-proteins encoded within the major histocompatibility complex. Whereas the former characteristic (referred to as negative selection or tolerance) is associated with intrathymic deletion of T cells expressing T-cell antigen receptor beta-chain variable (V beta) domains, which confer a preferential reactivity to self antigens, the existence of the latter (referred to as positive selection or MHC restriction) has so far only been inferred indirectly from functional studies. We show here that intrathymic deletion of V+beta 6 T cells (reactive with a self-antigen encoded by the Mlsa locus) is controlled by polymorphic MHC class II determinants. Furthermore, in mice lacking expression of Mlsa, the same class II MHC loci control the frequency of occurrence of V+beta 6 cells among mature CD4+ T lymphocytes. These data are direct evidence for positive selection by MHC determinants in the thymus in unmanipulated animals. PMID- 3264055 TI - Acetylcholine release in rat nucleus accumbens is regulated through dopamine D2 receptors. AB - Experiments in slices of rat nucleus accumbens were carried out in order to investigate whether the release of acetylcholine in this tissue is modulated through dopamine receptors. The slices were preincubated with 3H-choline and then superfused and stimulated electrically twice for 2 min each at a frequency of 3 Hz. The electrically evoked overflow of tritium averaged 2.9-3.9% of the tritium content of the tissue in the various groups. The D2-selective agonist quinpirole (0.01-1 mumol/l) reduced the evoked overflow of tritium by maximally 56%, an effect antagonized by the D2-selective antagonist (-)-sulpiride (1 mumol/l). The D1-selective agonist 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine (SKF 38393) caused a slight decrease only at the high concentration of 10 mumol/l. (-)-Sulpiride (0.1-10 mumol/l) moderately increased the evoked overflow of tritium when given alone. The dopamine uptake inhibitor nomifensine (10 mumol/l) caused a decrease, and in its presence the increase produced by (-) sulpiride became much more marked, amounting to maximally 149% (+)-Sulpiride (0.1 1 mumol/l) failed to change the evoked overflow of tritium in the presence of nomifensine. The dopamine-releasing agent (+/-)-amphetamine (1 mumol/l) also reduced the evoked overflow, an effect abolished by (-)-sulpiride. Finally, bretylium (1 mmol/l), which blocks the release of dopamine, increased the evoked overflow. (-)-Sulpiride (1 mumol/l) lost its facilitatory effect in slices treated with bretylium. We conclude that the release of acetylcholine in rat nucleus accumbens, like its release in the nucleus caudatusputamen, is modulated through dopamine D2-receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3264056 TI - Validity of the epidemics of multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands. AB - Concerns have been raised as to our diagnoses, exclusions, case ascertainment, definition of epidemics, and the role of the British occupation in the occurrence of multiple sclerosis among Faroese. We believe none of these points are substantiated, but rather that there did occur three consecutive and decreasing epidemics of clinical neurologic MS (CNMS) among native resident Faroese between 1943 and 1973, with no cases before or (so far) since. We have attributed these occurrences to the introduction into the Faroe islands of what we have called the primary MS affection (PMSA) by the British troops who occupied the islands in World War II. The first Faroese population cohort of PMSA-affected, which included the epidemic I cases, transmitted PMSA to the next cohort of Faroese comprising those attaining age 11 in 1945-1956, and they included the epidemic II cases. The second cohort thereafter similarly transmitted PMSA to the third Faroese cohort with its epidemic III cases. We conclude that PMSA is a single, widespread, specific, systemic infectious disease whose acquisition in virgin populations follows 2 years of exposure starting between age 11 and 45, which then produces CNMS in only a small proportion of the affected after a 6-year incubation period, and which is transmissible only during part or all of this systemic PMSA phase that ends before the usual age of CNMS onset. In endemic MS areas both the exposure and incubation periods may be twice as long, but otherwise PMSA may have there the same characteristics as inferred for the Faroes. PMID- 3264057 TI - Multiple sclerosis in relation to industrial and commercial activities in the Faroe Islands. AB - The distribution of MS cases in the Faroe Islands according to place at birth and place at onset was tested for a possible association with differing industries in 1930 and 1960, respectively. The MS patients originated predominantly from communities where commercial fisheries were prominent, whereas a weaker association was found with wood-processing plants. Both associations might, however, be confounded by the factor population as such, since patients were born mostly in the larger communities. No association with any kind of industry was found when residences during World War II were evaluated with respect to industries in 1960. Further studies into the conditions of life, with special reference to the social background of commercial fisheries in the early 20th century in the Faroe Islands, might be useful. PMID- 3264058 TI - The influence of homonymous visual field disorders on colour sorting performance in the FM 100-hue test. AB - An influence of visual field disorders on sorting performance in the FM 100-hue test is reported. Patients with left-sided field disorders performed worse in the conventional testing direction, i.e. from left to right, compared with patients with right-sided defects. Reversing the direction of sorting led, however, to a similar impairment in patients with right-sided field defects. Observations in normals tested under different conditions of hue sorting support the view that the difference obtained cannot be accounted for by a hemisphere difference in colour processing but by the strategy adopted by subjects. PMID- 3264060 TI - $5 per prescription for the treatment of simple, uncomplicated urinary tract infections. PMID- 3264059 TI - Positron emission tomography in a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. AB - A 56-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and a dense left homonymous hemianopia had 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Cortical glucose metabolism was decreased in the right cerebral hemisphere and the left cerebellar hemisphere. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of cerebral and cerebellar hypometabolism due solely to white matter disease. PMID- 3264061 TI - Antibiotics may prevent PCP infections. PMID- 3264062 TI - [Correlations between lymphocytes and female hormonal factors]. PMID- 3264063 TI - [Diagnosis of mediastinal lymphnode metastasis of primary lung cancer by 67Ga ECT]. PMID- 3264064 TI - Nucleotide sequences of the Rana catesbeiana mitochondrial small (12S) and large (16S) ribosomal RNA genes. PMID- 3264065 TI - AseI, a restriction endonuclease from Aquaspirillum serpens which recognizes 5'AT -TAAT3'. PMID- 3264066 TI - Management of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS and other conditions: experience in a Philadelphia University Teaching Hospital. AB - We reviewed the records of 49 patients who had 55 episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) from January 1984 to January 1987. Thirty-three patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with the risk groups being homosexual/bisexual practices (26), hemophilia (6), and blood transfusion (1). Fourteen patients had a history of malignancy or chemotherapy and two underwent organ transplantation. Overall response to therapy of PCP was 75% (77% of patients with AIDS, 68% of those with other conditions). All six relapses occurred in patients with AIDS. Both trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and pentamidine were associated with a higher rate of toxicity in those patients than in patients with other conditions. A 30% rate of failure due to side effects occurred when TMP-SMX was used as initial therapy, but the combination is considered effective and should be given an adequate therapeutic trial. Pentamidine was an effective alternative for patients who failed with TMP-SMX and for those who failed therapy due to side effects, but was associated with serious toxicities. Our experience was similar in some respects to previous published results from New York and California. PMID- 3264067 TI - [Demonstration of a sex differentiation in the content of androgen receptors in the liver cytosol of rats]. AB - The paper is concerned with differential quantification of the level of androgen receptors (AR) in the liver cytosol of male and female rats as well as in the prostatic cytosol. AR affinity to synthetic androgen R1881 was shown to be similar in all investigated tissues. In male rats the AR content in the liver cytosol was 20.5 +/- 2.1 fmol per 1 mg of protein, lower (p less than 0.05) than in the prostatic cytosol (30.8 +/- 2.5 fmol per 1 mg of protein). Sex differentiation of the liver AR content with 3-fold predominance in males was determined. Gonadectomy of mature rats caused leveling down of sex differences in the liver AR content as a result of a decrease in AR concentration in castrated males and its increase in ovariectomized females. Sex differentiation of the liver AR content could be an additional factor enhancing the multiple differentiating action of androgens on the male rat liver. PMID- 3264068 TI - Chemical signals of fish skin for the attachment response of Acanthostomum brauni cercariae. AB - The chemical signals of the skin surface of fish, which stimulate the attachment responses of Acanthostomum brauni cercariae, were identified by offering chemicals and fish-skin extracts in agarose substrates to the cercariae. Smaller molecules such as amino acids, fatty acids, monosaccharides, electrolytes, urea, and carbonate solutions did not stimulate attachments, but hyaluronic acid had some effects. Bovine submaxillary glycoproteins had a strong stimulating activity that disappeared after neuraminidase digestion. The stimulating components of the skin surface of fish were hydrophilic substances with molecular weights of more than 10,000. They were sensitive to neuraminidase digestion but not to hyaluronidase digestion and thus can be identified as glycoproteins. A. brauni cercariae respond only to the complete glycoprotein molecules and not to their monosaccharide components. The known attachment triggers of other cercariae are small molecules. Large glycoproteins as host signals for A. brauni cercariae may be an adaptation to muddy habitats, where various substances with low molecular weights may interfere with the host identification. PMID- 3264069 TI - Erythropoietin changes the globin program of an interleukin 3-dependent multipotential cell line. AB - B6SUtA is a factor-dependent murine cell line of adult origin displaying the functional properties of a multipotent hematopoietic stem cell. We analyzed the globin programs of B6SUtA cells undergoing erythroid differentiation in both suspension and clonal cultures. In the absence of added erythropoietin, a small number of hemoglobinized cells were present, and these expressed predominantly embryonic globin. Addition of erythropoietin increased the number and maturation of hemoglobinized cells and led to a preferential augmentation of adult globin. Analysis of individual B6SUtA erythroid bursts showed that embryonic and adult globin can be expressed in cells derived from a single progenitor. Furthermore, by studying globin expression in cultured cells from mouse embryos, we found that the globin programs of B6SUtA cells are similar to those of erythroid progenitors at the period of transition from yolk sac to fetal liver erythropoiesis. Since B6SUtA cells are derived from adult bone marrow and they have the capacity to express embryonic globin, we speculate that the globin locus is not irreversibly modified during development and that adult cells at early stages of erythroid differentiation can transiently express ontogenetically primitive globin programs. PMID- 3264070 TI - Formation of IgE-binding factors by T cells of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 10 out of 26 patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) released IgE-binding factors, as determined by two independent assays. The formation of the factors by the mononuclear cells was enhanced by incubation of the cells with homologous IgE. In the presence of IgE, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 of the 26 patients formed a detectable amount of IgE-binding factors, whereas those of normal individuals of allergic rhinitis patients failed to do so. The major source of IgE-binding factors was the T cells of the HIV-1-infected patients. The CD8+ T cells from a HIV-1-infected patient formed IgE-binding factors upon incubation with IgE, and type II receptors for Fc epsilon were detected on both CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in one of five patients studied. It was also found that culture supernatants of mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected patients released soluble factors that induce normal human T cells to form IgE-binding factors. The results suggest that lymphocytes of some HIV-1-infected patients are activated to produce lymphokines regulating formation of IgE-binding factors. PMID- 3264071 TI - Aminosugar derivatives as potential anti-human immunodeficiency virus agents. AB - Recent data suggest that aminosugar derivatives which inhibit glycoprotein processing have potential anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity. These inhibitory effects may be due to disruption of cell fusion and subsequent cell cell transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus. Free virus particles able to bind CD4-positive cells are still produced in the presence of these compounds with only partial reduction of infectivity. We now report a method to score in parallel both the degree of antiviral activity and the effect on cell division of aminosugar derivatives. We find that (i) the compounds 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-L-arabinitol and N-(5-carboxymethyl-1-pentyl)-1,5 imino-L-fucitol partially inhibit the cytopathic effect (giant cell formation, etc.) of HIV and yield of infectious virus; (ii) the compounds N methyldeoxynojirimycin and N-ethyldeoxynojirimycin reduce the yield of infectious HIV by an order of four and three logarithms, respectively; and (iii) one compound, N-butyldeoxynojirimycin, of the 47 compounds previously screened reduces infectious viral particles by a logarithmic order greater than five at noncytotoxic concentrations. In addition, long-term growth of infected cells in the presence of N-butyldeoxynojirimycin gradually decreases the proportion of infected cells, leading to eventual elimination of HIV from culture. This result suggests that replication is associated with cytolysis. The ability to break the cycle of replication and reinfection has important implications in the chemotherapy of AIDS. PMID- 3264072 TI - Role of protein N-glycosylation in pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AB - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the retrovirus responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), contains two heavily glycosylated envelope proteins, gp120 and gp41, which mediate attachment of virions to glycosylated cell surface receptor molecules (CD4 antigens) and appear to be responsible for syncytium formation and associated cytopathic effects of this virus. A comprehensive study of the effects of N-linked glycoprotein processing inhibitors on HIV-1 replication, infectivity, cytopathicity, target-cell infectibility, syncytium formation, and gp120 electrophoretic mobility was conducted to assess the importance of protein glycosylation in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 in vitro. The electrophoretic mobility of gp120 was decreased when gp120 was synthesized in the presence of castanospermine or 1-deoxynojirimycin (inhibitors of glucosidase I), increased when gp120 was synthesized in the presence of 1-deoxymannojirimycin (mannosidase I) or swainsonine (mannosidase II), and unaffected when gp120 was synthesized in the presence of bromoconduritol (glucosidase II). Inhibition by tunicamycin (lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor synthesis), castanospermine, 1-deoxynojirimycin, and 1 deoxymannojirimycin attenuated HIV-1 infectivity and blocked HIV-1-induced syncytium formation and cytopathicity, whereas bromoconduritol and swainsonine failed to have such effects. None of the inhibitors interfered with virus replication in acutely infected cells or affected the ability of target cells to form syncytia with untreated HIV-1-infected cells. These results demonstrate that protein N-glycosylation is critical to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 at the levels of viral infectivity and cytopathicity but not at the level of virus replication or of host-cell infectibility. PMID- 3264073 TI - Novel formazans as potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. AB - Various new substituted formazans were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and mass spectral data. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to protect against inflammation by carrageenin-induced paw edema in albino rats of either sex. The active derivatives of the present series were also tested for their analgesic activity against aconitine-induced writhing in albino mice and ulcerogenic activity in albino rats. The toxicity of the compounds was assessed by determination of their approximate LD50 on albino mice. An attempt has also been made to establish a structure-activity relationship. PMID- 3264074 TI - Scatter correction in SPECT using non-uniform attenuation data. AB - Quantitative assessment of activity levels with SPECT is difficult because of attenuation and scattering of gamma rays within the object. To study the effect of attenuation and scatter on SPECT quantitation, phantom studies were performed with non-uniform attenuation. Simulated transmission CT data provided information about the distribution of attenuation coefficients within the source. Attenuation correction was performed by an iterative reprojection technique. Scatter correction was done by convolution of the attenuation-corrected image and an appropriate filter. The filter characteristics depended on the attenuation and activity measurement at each pixel. The scatter correction could compensate completely for the 28% scatter component from a line source, and the 61% component from a thick, extended source. Accuracy of regional activity ratios and the linearity of the relationship between true radioactivity and the SPECT measurement were both significantly improved by these corrections. The present method is expected to be valuable for the quantitative assessment of regional activity. PMID- 3264075 TI - Scatter detection in SPECT imaging: dependence on source depth, energy, and energy window. PMID- 3264076 TI - [Modification of the regulatory effects of thymocytes on hematopoiesis in irradiated mice as affected by heterologous immunoglobulin G and low-dose ionizing radiation]. AB - The administration of heterologous immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or exposure of mouse thymocyte donors to 1 and 2 Gy radiation were shown to change the regulatory effects of thymus lymphocytes on the recovery of haemopoiesis in syngeneic recipients irradiated with a median lethal dose of 6 Gy. Thymocytes of exposed (2 Gy) donors produced a stimulatory effect on the restoration of the myelokaryocytes number and increased the number of endogenous splenic colonies and bone marrow CFUs in animals exposed to a median lethal dose, whereas the administration of IgG to thymocyte donors given 2 Gy eliminated the stimulatory effect of thymocytes on the number of myelokaryocytes, and the amount of CFUs in irradiated recipients decreased. PMID- 3264077 TI - [Bioclinical conference of pneumology. Case no. 11--18 March 1986. Alveolar form of histiocytosis]. PMID- 3264078 TI - [Acute fibrinopenia in obstetrics]. AB - A review of 10 cases of severe obstetrical haemorrhage is presented. The etiology is not always clear. The most significant biological sign is the early, acute and marked drop of fibrinogen levels, below 1 g in 20 p. cent of the cases and 0.5 g in 50 p. cent. An early and rapid treatment is essential and based on correcting the fibrinopenia; fibrinogen, in fractioned form, at a mean dose of 3 g, reduces the duration of the syndrome and minimize the risks of complications. In the acute phase, heparin therapy must be avoided because it might aggravate the haemorrhage. PMID- 3264079 TI - [Pyrazinamide, hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis]. PMID- 3264080 TI - Changes in idiotypic predominance in the anti-arsonate response by priming with anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - The predominant selection of CRI-A-bearing antibodies during the anti-arsonate (ARS) response of A/J mice has been used as a model to analyse the mechanism involved in the process of clonal selection and establishment of predominance. In order to assess the importance of the affinity and adaptability of CRI-A clones in this process, we tested the capability of a minor recurrent idiotype (id-1A3), present in a CRI-Aanti-ARS monoclonal antibody (65-1A3), to develop a normal anti ARS response. Our results show that the id-1A3 predominance, established by anti id-1A3 administration was stable during the primary and secondary anti-ARS response and that this predominance occurred concomitantly with low levels of CRI A. Thus, a change in the idiotype predominance was achieved. In spite of the high levels of id-1A3, the anti-ARS antibody concentration, the affinity values, and the kinetics of the immune response were similar to those of the control group. All these results show that CRI-A clones are not essential in the normal development of the anti-ARS antibody response of A/J mice, and suggest that factors other than affinity could be involved in the establishment of the CRI-A predominance. PMID- 3264081 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibody used for the localization of parenterally administered monoclonal anti-progesterone antibody in mice. AB - Affinity-purified rabbit and sheep anti-idiotypic antisera raised against mouse monoclonal anti-progesterone IgG1 antibody (DB3) or mouse myeloma IgG1 protein P3 (MOPC 21) showed high binding specificities to the respective idiotypes used for immunization as determined by RIA or ELISA. They have been used in an indirect immunofluorescent method to demonstrate the localization of parenterally administered idiotypes in pregnant or pseudopregnant BALB/c mouse frozen tissue preparations, at known stages post coitum after a single intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of DB3 or P3. DB3 was visualized on the surface of uterine luminal and glandular epithelia of pregnant mice 36 h after treatment; the localization was DB3-specific as it was not seen in mice treated with P3 (using sheep anti-P3 anti-idiotype as a probe) or saline. The fluorescent staining reaction in oviduct was weak and only appeared on the surface of the oviducal serosa (peritoneal side). Both DB3 and P3 were also localized in liver (granules of Kupffer cells), kidney (glomerular basement membrane), spleen (on the membrane surface of mononuclear cells in the white pulp), and peritoneal exudate cells (on the membrane surface). Staining could be completely blocked by the addition of the free idiotypes against which the anti-idiotypes were made but not by the unrelated idiotype. Anti-idiotypic labelling in vivo is more specific and selective than anti-whole immunoglobulin labelling. PMID- 3264082 TI - Distinct patterns of virus-specific T cell-mediated cytolysis of transformed versus primary target cells. AB - Ideas about the mechanism(s) by which cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) lyse appropriate target cells are still controversial. We studied the action of established murine CTL clones as well as of freshly prepared primarily induced CTL against two types of target cells. Transformed tumour cell lines (MC57G and L929) and untransformed cells such as peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) or fibroblasts were examined as target cells by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and with the 51Cr-release assay. We found independent of which CTL used, that in transformed cells the cell membrane seemed to be the first target of CTL attack, whereas in untransformed cells the first noticeable events appeared to take place in the nucleus of the target cells; the membrane of attacked untransformed PEC or fibroblasts was found to be intact at a time when the cellular organelles already were disintegrated. The morphological observations were paralleled by differences in the kinetics of 51Cr-release; untransformed target cells released their label only after a 2 h long period, whereas transformed cells released 51Cr considerably earlier. PMID- 3264083 TI - Induction of CD43 expression during activation and terminal differentiation of human B cells. AB - Only a small population (25-30%) of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes expresses large sialoglycoprotein (LSGP) (CD43). However, in the presence of autologous T cells and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) a majority (50-90%) of the immunoglobulin-producing cells (cIg+ cells) that develop from these B cells express CD43 is detected with anti-CD43 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) B1B6, and the proportion of CD43+cIg+ cells increases with time of culture. Furthermore, a relatively larger proportion (60-80%) of the IgG-producing cIg+ cells are CD43+ compared with IgM-containing cIg+ cells (30-50%). In human tonsils, significantly more CD43+ cells (35%) are found in the in vivo-activated fraction of B cells than in the fraction of resting B cells (5%). A majority of the cIg+ cells that develop from the resting or the in vivo-activated tonsillar B cells in a PWM induced B-cell differentiation system are CD43+ (80-100%). Furthermore, tonsillar B cells depleted of CD43+ cells give rise to cIg+ cells, of which the majority are CD43+, and the proportion of such cells increases with time of culture (60 90%). Taken together, these results indicate that LSGP belongs to a group of B cell membrane molecules that are induced and upregulated upon activation and differentiation. PMID- 3264084 TI - Human antibody responses to two conjugate vaccines of Haemophilus influenzae type B saccharides and diphtheria toxin. AB - Antigenicity of two Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines was studied by immunizing adults and 2-year-old children. Both vaccines induced strong anti-Hib responses and strong antibody responses to diphtheria toxin (DT), the protein part of the conjugate. The adults' responses were stronger than the children's. A conjugate of Hib oligosaccharide and mutant diphtheria toxin (HbOC) emerged as slightly superior to a conjugate of Hib polysaccharide and diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D). HbOC induced somewhat higher total anti-Hib responses and significantly higher IgG1 anti-Hib responses than PRP-D. IgG1 and IgG2 were the main IgG subclasses of the anti-Hib antibodies, whereas IgG1 and IgG4 were the main subclasses of the anti-DT antibodies. Within this main rule, the ratio IgG1/IgG2 of anti-Hib antibodies varied between individuals. The average ratio was higher than five in children but approximately one in adults. It was lower in adult recipients of the polysaccharide conjugate (0.69) than in adult recipients of the oligosaccharide conjugate (1.55). A large interindividual variation was observed in concentrations of IgG2 of Hib specificity, perhaps reflecting a small number of IgG2-committed B-cell clones participating in the response. PMID- 3264085 TI - Levels of erythromycin in tear fluid and serum in infants with conjunctivitis. AB - 38 newborns with purulent conjunctivitis were treated with oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate 25 mg/kg every 12 h for 14 days. 3-4 days after initiation of therapy, erythromycin levels in serum and tear fluid were measured 1 and 12 h after the administration of erythromycin. The level of erythromycin in tear fluid was significantly higher than that in serum 1 and 12 h after administration of the antibiotic. On both occasions the concentrations of erythromycin in tear fluid and in serum exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in vitro for Chlamydia trachomatis. PMID- 3264086 TI - Problems with cross-sectional data in research on working environment and health. AB - Occupational turnover due to health related selection might introduce a bias in cross-sectional studies that tends to mask real occupational health effects. People could have changed occupation so that they, when disease occurs and/or the data collection is accomplished, are working in an environment that is irrelevant for the disease in question. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any difference in morbidity between 'stable' workers and 'changers'. Occurrence of long-term illness was studied on four exposure levels, defined according to the physical demands at work. The study populations comprised 10,487 men and 10,058 women between 25 to 74 years of age, who were interviewed within the scope of the Statistics Sweden Survey of Living Conditions in the years 1977 and 1979-81. Considerable differences in health outcomes were found between stable workers and changers, especially when considering the degree of physical strain at work. Thus, the findings indicate the necessity of detailed recording of occupational histories within the framework of cross-sectional studies, especially when the aim of the investigation is to study and compare health outcomes for workers in occupations with different turnover rates. PMID- 3264087 TI - Immunoglobulin allotypes in Graves'disease. PMID- 3264088 TI - Different linkage disequilibria of HLA-B27 subtypes and HLA-C locus alleles. AB - Subtypes of HLA-B27 have been identified by cellular, serological and biochemical techniques. Comparison of the various B27 subtype designations showed the existence of seven B27 subtypes. The new WHO nomenclature (1987) of the B27 subtypes is included. We further report on different linkage disequilibria (ld) of the B27 subtypes. In Caucasoids, the prevalent subtype B27.5 is in ld with Cw1 and Cw2, whereas B27.2 is linked only with Cw2. In Orientals, the most frequent subtypes B27.4 and B27.6 usually occur with Cw3 or Cw blank; B27.5 mostly occurs with Cw2, and B27.2 is almost absent. PMID- 3264089 TI - Immune response to H-2 class I antigens on platelets. II. Specific decrease of H 2 class I-specific antibody response induced by treatment with allogeneic platelets. AB - Mice pretreated with injections of allogeneic platelets were found to mount a decreased antibody response upon challenge by lymphocytes of the same donor strain. This decrease was mediated by platelets themselves, and not by leucocytes and red cells contaminating the platelet suspension. It affected specifically antibodies reactive with H-2 class I antigens present on donor platelets. This phenomenon may be related to the lack of class II or some non-H-2 antigens on platelets, and/or to properties of their class I antigens (soluble molecules adsorbed from the plasma). These findings emphasize the potential usefulness of purified platelet transfusions preceding organ transplantation in man. PMID- 3264090 TI - Efficacy of absolute ethanol injection for upper gastrointestinal massive bleedings with hemorrhagic shock. AB - We applied the absolute ethanol injection method in 182 cases of massive bleeding with hemorrhagic shock before the performance of emergency endoscopy in 627 cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding at our department and five related institutions since June 1979. Following results were obtained: Temporary hemostasis could not be obtained in only 2 (1.1%) out of 182 cases; in the remaining 180 cases bleeding was ceased. Rebleeding was seen in 15 cases (8.2%) and new bleeding in 17 cases (9.3%). In 21 (66%) of these cases hemostasis was obtained again by the absolute ethanol injection method. Eight patients (4.4%) underwent emergency operation and 4 patients (2.2%) died from bleeding. The complete hemostasis was obtained in 170 cases (93.4%). PMID- 3264091 TI - Induction of lymphokine-activated killer and natural killer cell activities from cryopreserved lymphocytes. AB - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and natural killer (NK) cells were studied for their capacity to retain cytotoxicity after cryopreservation. LAK cells were generated by a 4-day culture of lymphocytes with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL 2). Cytotoxicity was measured by 51Cr-release assay at effector:target ratios of 10:1 to 80:1. Cryopreserved LAK cells retained 58.8 to 87.4 percent of cytotoxicity, as compared with that in fresh control cells. Cryopreserved NK cell activity against K562 and Molt-4 targets was 45.7 to 67.9 percent of the respective values of the fresh control cells. The responsiveness of NK cells to polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (poly I:C), interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), or rIL 2 remained intact. Activated NK cell activity after poly I:C or IFN-alpha stimulation and that after rIL-2 were, respectively, comparable to and higher than the endogenous NK cell activity of the fresh cells. The composition of lymphocyte subsets as determined by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies did not change after cryopreservation, indicating that cellular loss of the given subsets did not occur during the procedure. The retention of substantial levels of cytotoxicity in cryopreserved LAK and NK cells may make them promising candidates as cytotoxic effector cells. PMID- 3264092 TI - Evaluation of antihuman T lymphocyte saporin immunotoxins potentially useful in human transplantation. AB - We have synthesized 3 immunotoxins (ITs) by covalently coupling the saporin-6 hemitoxin (SAP) to OKT11, SOT3, and SOT1a murine monoclonal antibodies that recognize human T lymphocyte CD2, CD3, and CD5 surface antigens, respectively. The resulting ITs, referred to as OKT11-SAP, SOT3-SAP, and SOT1a-SAP, are equally effective in inhibiting eukaryotic protein synthesis in a cell-free system, and all 3 ITs bind to human T lymphocytes in an almost comparable manner. However, these reagents differ markedly in their ability to kill target T lymphocytes as assessed by measuring the inhibition of DNA synthesis and growth of clonable T lymphocytes in response to mitogenic and allogeneic stimuli. Whereas the anti-CD2 IT, OKT11-SAP, shows moderate cytotoxicity against T lymphocytes, the anti-CD3 IT, SOT3-SAP, and the anti-CD5 IT, SOT1a-SAP, are highly effective in eliminating the same target cells. The concentrations inhibiting 50% (IC50) of T lymphocyte DNA synthesis are 60 nM, 4.5 nM, and 1.4 nM for OKT11-SAP, SOT3-SAP, and SOT1a SAP, respectively. Among 3 tested lysosomotropic amines, i.e., ammonium chloride, chloroquine, and amantadine, the latter only moderately potentiates the cytotoxicity of SOT1a-SAP (IC50 0.36 nM). We show that the conditions under which T lymphocyte killing is accomplished require less than 10 min exposure of T lymphocytes to the ITs, in the absence of adjuvant molecules artificially added to the incubation medium and at physiologic culture pH. These experimental characteristics of unprecedented closeness to a physiologic in-vivo model are likely to reflect the biophysical properties of the SAP moiety of the ITs. We conclude that clinical studies are warranted to define the advantage of using SAP ITs over previously described immunoconjugates. PMID- 3264094 TI - [Radionuclide studies in the diagnosis of malignant tumors]. PMID- 3264093 TI - Mechanisms of rod-cone interaction: evidence from congenital stationary nightblindness. AB - The dark-adapted rod system can elevate cone-mediated thresholds for flicker detection as well as thresholds for the detection of hue. We examined these two types of rod-cone interactions in two individuals with congenital stationary nightblindness (CSNB), a retinal disorder in which rod outer segment function is intact, but in which a defect occurs in the transmission of rod signals within the retina. The two types of rod-cone interaction were differentially affected by the retinal pathology; the rod-cone flicker interaction was normal, but the rod cone hue interaction was absent. These results provide evidence that, despite similarities in the adaptational properties of these two types of rod-cone interaction, they are mediated by different visual mechanisms. PMID- 3264095 TI - [Dynamic function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system under the influence of transcerebral exposure to a UHF electrical field (27.12 MHz) in women with a menstrual cycle disorder]. PMID- 3264096 TI - [Vitamin D deficiency and its correction in children with terminal stage of chronic kidney failure]. AB - Content of vitamin D, evaluated by the level of 25(OH]D2 (calcidiol), was decreased in 68 patients with chronic kidney insufficiency, among which 16 patients required hemodialysis, 52 patients exhibited a terminal step of chronic kidney insufficiency and were treated with programme-assigned hemodialysis. Content of the vitamin was more distinctly decreased in the patients, kidney insufficiency of which developed simultaneously with congenital and hereditary kidney diseases. Phosphorus-calcium metabolism in the patients was corrected using both high doses of vitamin D2 (20,000 IU) and I alpha hydroxycholecalciferol (oxidevite) combined with small doses of vitamin D2 (2,000 IU). The later procedure was more effective. After the treatment calcidiol was normalized within a month and maintained within a year at a level close to normal values. Blood calcium was normalized within 2 months, while normalization of parathormone and thyrocalcitonine occurred within a year. After treatment with vitamin D2 at a dose of 20,000 IU distinct hypercalcediolemia as observed in all the patients within 4 months. In 25% of the patients we noted hypercalcemia, which might lead to metastatic calcification. PMID- 3264097 TI - [Antibodies reacting with the antigens of the human immunodeficiency virus in systemic lupus erythematosus: false positive results or a sign of viral infection]. PMID- 3264098 TI - Studies on hypothalamo-pituitary corticoliberin system. VI. Comparison of the effects of long-term intraventricular CRF-administration and adrenalectomy in CRF and neurophysin-immunoreactive neurons in the rat. PMID- 3264099 TI - [Morphology and biological activity of Trichomonas vaginalis grown on various nutrient media]. PMID- 3264100 TI - [Ultrastructural analysis of the interrelation of the causative agents of urogenital infections with the cells of the macro-organism in syphilis patients]. PMID- 3264101 TI - [Thyroid hormones in patients with focal scleroderma]. PMID- 3264102 TI - [Vestibulometry and its importance in elucidating the pathogenesis and prognosis of the course of nervous system diseases in children]. AB - A retrospective analysis of electronystagmograms recorded over 2 years from 90 children aged 1 to 3 with spastic diplegia due to the infantile cerebral paralysis was performed and its results correlated with the clinical course of the disease. The vestibulometric criteria were derived in order to predict the course of motor functions in the patients' postnatal ontogenesis. The causes of inefficacy of rehabilitation therapy were analyzed in children which had suffered from meningoencephalitis in their infancy. Specific features of the neurodynamic processes in these patients were displayed in their vestibulometric indices. Mesencephalic-cortical control mechanisms of the vestibular nystagmus were shown to normalize under effect of acupuncture. This accounts for its greater clinical efficacy as compared to the passive vestibular therapy which exerted beneficial influence over the bulbar-pontine nystagmogenic mechanisms. PMID- 3264103 TI - X-linked myopia in Danish family. AB - X-linked infantile myopia is described in a family of 273 members of whom 87 were examined in the National Eye Clinic. The disease may represent a new ocular syndrome, constituted by myopia combined with astigmatism, impaired vision, hypoplasia of the optic nerve heads, and deuteranopia. Obligate carriers presented slight retinal changes. Linkage studies are in progress. PMID- 3264104 TI - Prevalence and incidence of eating disorders in a suburban area. AB - There has been no previous epidemiological study on anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia (BU) where non-medical care givers have also been included in the case finding procedure. In this study, psychiatric, somatic, child psychiatric, social and primary care personnel were systematically asked for information on patients. Fifty-one cases of eating disorder (17 AN, 34 BU) according to slightly modified DSM-III criteria were traced in a suburban catchment area of 78,000 inhabitants during a two-year period. This means a two-year prevalence of 66/100,000 (22 AN and 44 BU). For females between 16-24 years the prevalence of AN was 258/100,000; BU: 473/100,000; total 730/100,000 (1/137). There were also 10 "possible cases" where the diagnosis could not be established with certainty, mainly because of insufficient information. If these patients were added, the number of cases would be 61 (or a prevalence of 79/100,000 inhabitants). The one-year incidence for AN was 2.6/100,000 and for BU 3.9. The incidence for AN was 43/100,000 for females 16-24 years old (1/2326). For BU it was 65/100,000 (1/1538). There seems to be no clear social class grouping. Twenty (56%) of the adult patients had been hospitalized for eating disorder during the last six-year period. PMID- 3264105 TI - Dipyridamole-thallium-201 tomography documenting improved myocardial perfusion with therapy in Kawasaki disease. AB - Thallium-201 tomographic perfusion studies after pharmacologic vasodilation were performed in seven children (aged 2 years 8 months to 8 years 7 months), 3 to 20 months after the acute stage of the disease. In all patients coronary aneurysms were seen on cross-sectional echocardiograms. The scintigrams of six children showed no significant regional reduction of myocardial thallium-201 uptake. These children had remained asymptomatic in the follow-up period after the acute inflammatory stage of Kawasaki disease. Persistent and transient thallium defects were present in one child with acute posterolateral myocardial infarction; obstruction of two coronary vessels supplying the defect zones was confirmed by contrast angiography. After 8 months of treatment a follow-up nuclear scan showed marked reduction in the size of the defect and almost complete abolishment of the ischemic reaction. Thus tomographic thallium-201 perfusion scintigraphy in conjunction with vasodilation stress is useful to assess myocardial perfusion in children with Kawasaki disease and demonstrates marked improvement in regional perfusion after adequate medical therapy. PMID- 3264106 TI - Impaired left ventricular systolic function during exercise in middle-aged insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects without clinically evident cardiovascular disease. AB - Equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography was performed on 19 men and 17 women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and on 24 men and 15 women with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and on 24 male and 24 female control subjects aged 46 to 67 years. All were without clinically evident cardiovascular disease. No significant differences were found in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction at rest between men with IDDM (56 +/- 1%; mean +/- standard error of the mean) or NIDDM (58 +/- 1%) and control men (58 +/- 1%), whereas LV ejection fraction was higher in women with IDDM (63 +/- 1%; p less than 0.01) and NIDDM (64 +/- 2%; p less than 0.01) than in control women (58 +/- 1%). An abnormal LV ejection fraction response to dynamic exercise (an increase of less than 5% units or a decrease) was observed in 1 control man (4%), in 8 men with IDDM (42%, p less than 0.01) and in 10 men with NIDDM (42%, p less than 0.01). The respective figures were 4 (17%) for control women, 7 (44%, difference not significant) for women with IDDM and 10 (71%, p less than 0.01) for women with NIDDM. Abnormal LV ejection fraction response to exercise in diabetic patients was not related to the metabolic control of diabetes, presence of microangiopathy or abnormalities in the autonomic nervous function. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy performed in 18 diabetic patients in whom LV ejection fraction decreased during exercise showed a reversible perfusion defect in only 5 (28%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3264108 TI - DTP vaccine litigation update. PMID- 3264107 TI - Dubious reliability of Q-wave formation in predicting new regional left ventricular akinesis after coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3264109 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis: an unusual case of pyogenic liver abscess. AB - We present a case of pyogenic liver abscess caused by Gardnerella vaginalis, a previously unreported suppurative complication of infection with this organism. The development of the pylephlebitis originating from endometritis and the possible synergistic interaction of an anaerobic and aerobic organism is reviewed. G. vaginalis has been infrequently isolated in the laboratory; perhaps with refined culturing techniques and recognition of the pathogenic potential of this organism, further cases of suppurative complications will be described. PMID- 3264110 TI - Physical activity and depressive symptoms: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. AB - The relation between self-reported physical activity and depressive symptoms was analyzed for 1,900 healthy subjects aged 25-77 years in the Epidemiologic Follow up Study (1982-1984) to the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Depressive symptomatology as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was examined by sex and race in relation to recreational physical activity and physical activity apart from recreation, controlling for age, education, income, employment status, and chronic conditions. Little or no recreational physical activity and little or no physical activity apart from recreation were cross-sectionally associated with depressive symptoms in whites and in blacks. After exclusion of those with depressive symptoms at baseline, recreational physical activity was an independent predictor of depressive symptoms an average of eight years later in white women. The adjusted odds of depressive symptoms at follow-up were approximately 2 for women with little or no recreational physical activity compared with women with much or moderate recreational physical activity (95% confidence interval 1.1-3.2). These findings are the first indication from a prospective study of a large community sample that physical inactivity may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms. PMID- 3264111 TI - Plasma and platelet von Willebrand factor defects in uremia. AB - PURPOSE: Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the prolonged bleeding times and clinical bleeding in chronic renal failure. Recent evidence has implicated an abnormality in the structure or function of the von Willebrand factor or in its interaction with uremic platelets. We investigated this factor in 11 patients with chronic renal failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Blood samples for cell counts, chemistries, and coagulation studies were obtained from 11 patients with chronic renal failure and prolonged bleeding times. Concentrations of von Willebrand factor antigen and ristocetin cofactor activity were determined in plasma and platelets. Multimeric analysis of von Willebrand factor in plasma and platelets was conducted. In eight cases, the platelets of uremic patients were purified, and the thrombin- and ristocetin-induced binding of normal von Willebrand factor to these platelets was examined. RESULTS: The mean plasma von Willebrand factor antigen and activity (ristocetin cofactor assay) were elevated 2.77 mu/ml and 1.88 mu/ml, respectively (normal, 1.01 mu/ml and 1.07 mu/ml, respectively). The ratio of activity to antigen in uremic plasma was 0.67 (normal, 1.05). The mean platelet von Willebrand factor antigen and activity in the uremic patients was decreased (0.26 and 0.50 mu/10(9) platelets, respectively) compared with normal patients (0.46 and 0.93 mu/10(9) platelets, respectively). The oligomeric structure of the uremic plasma von Willebrand factor lacked the largest multimers. Collection of the blood for analysis in several protease inhibitors and/or EDTA did not change the multimeric structure. The von Willebrand factor multimeric structure of platelets from uremic patients was normal. The ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation of the uremic platelet rich plasma was decreased compared with normal plasma samples. Thrombin and ristocetin-induced binding of normal von Willebrand factor to uremic patients' platelets was indistinguishable from the binding to normal platelets. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the uremic platelet-binding sites for von Willebrand factor are intact and that the defect in ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation is most likely plasmatic in nature. At least one plasmatic defect was the observed reduction or absence of the largest plasma von Willebrand factor multimer in uremic patients. The platelet von Willebrand content was significantly decreased. These defects may play a role in the prolonged bleeding time and the clinical bleeding observed in patients with uremia. PMID- 3264112 TI - Atypical presentation of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient receiving inhalational pentamidine. PMID- 3264113 TI - Successful combination therapy with acyclovir and vidarabine for disseminated varicella zoster virus infection with retinal involvement in a patient with B cell lymphoma and adult T-cell leukemia. PMID- 3264114 TI - Drug selection for rheumatic manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3264116 TI - Successful treatment of postherpetic neuralgia with capsaicin. PMID- 3264115 TI - Isolating the color vision loss in primary open-angle glaucoma. AB - We evaluated the results of Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue tests in age- and lens density-matched eyes of normal subjects, glaucoma suspects, and patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. With these controls in place, no significant correlation between the test results and age or between the test results and lens density was found. However, a significant difference in the total error scores on the 100-Hue test remained. This difference could not be explained by pupil size or medications taken. We concluded that color vision loss in glaucoma is in part attributable to the disease process and cannot be explained solely on the basis of changes in age and lens density. PMID- 3264117 TI - A sociocultural study of koro epidemics in Guangdong, China. AB - Koro, a culture-related psychiatric disorder characterized by panic due to fear of genital retraction, occurred as the rare phenomenon of koro epidemics in a remote region of Guangdong, China, in 1984-1985 and 1987. The sociocultural and historical backgrounds of the area are described. The life pattern and attitudes toward supernatural beings and the commonly shared folk belief of evil-induced genital retraction were considered grounds for the panic, while the community's anxious reaction and hysterical atmosphere facilitated the intensification and recurrence of the episodes. Geographic seclusion associated with localism in folk beliefs and practices may have kept the epidemics confined to the region. PMID- 3264118 TI - Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in nondepressed patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. AB - The authors compared 10 nondepressed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with 10 normal control subjects of the same sex and similar age for cerebral glucose metabolic rates obtained using positron emission tomography. Obsessive compulsive patients showed significantly elevated metabolic rates in the whole cerebral hemispheres, heads of the caudate nuclei, orbital gyri, and the orbital gyri relative to the ipsilateral hemisphere (the orbital-hemisphere ratio). These results are similar to those the authors reported previously for another group of obsessive-compulsive patients and normal control subjects. PMID- 3264119 TI - Fluoxetine overdose. PMID- 3264120 TI - Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of propofol in patients with cirrhosis. AB - The pharmacokinetics and protein binding of propofol were studied in ten patients with cirrhosis and in ten control patients undergoing elective surgery. All patients received 2.5 mg.kg-1 propofol as an intravenous bolus injection for the induction of anesthesia. Whole blood propofol concentrations were measured at intervals up to 12 h, using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Propofol protein binding was estimated by equilibrium dialysis 10 min after injection of propofol. Individual propofol profiles for all patients were best described by a three-compartment open mammillary model. Rapid and slow propofol distribution half-times were observed, followed by an elimination phase with a half-time of 4-5 h. Propofol total body clearance was reduced (1.99 +/- 0.68 l.min-1) in the patients with cirrhosis but did not differ significantly from that in the control patients (2.30 +/- 0.61 l.min-1). The apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was similar in the two groups. No significant difference in elimination half-life was observed between the two groups. Propofol was extensively bound (mean: 97-98%) to the plasma protein of both cirrhotic and control groups. This study shows that propofol pharmacokinetics and protein binding of propofol following a single intravenous bolus dose were not markedly affected by uncomplicated cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 3264121 TI - Cost of nosocomial infection: relative contributions of laboratory, antibiotic, and per diem costs in serious Staphylococcus aureus infections. AB - This study reports an analysis of the relative importance of laboratory antibiotic, and per diem costs of caring for 58 patients with serious Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial infections. Laboratory costs accounted for 2%, antibiotics for 21%, and per diem costs for 77% of total infection-related costs. Only 45% of patients were hospitalized for additional days specifically because of infection, but these patients stayed an average of 18 extra days. Nosocomial infections with S. aureus resistant to penicillinase-resistant penicillins (PRP) were more frequently associated with additional infection-related days of hospitalization than were PRP-susceptible infections. The cost of PRP-resistant infections was also significantly greater than PRP-susceptible infections, primarily because of the costs of additional days of hospitalization. Rational strategies to control costs of nosocomial infection should focus on two approaches: (1) prevention and (2) reduction of acute hospital days attributable to infections. PMID- 3264122 TI - Cigarette smoking and lung cancer in New Mexico. AB - We have used population-based data for the state of New Mexico to calculate cigarette-smoking-specific incidence rates for lung cancer, cumulative incidence rates for lung cancer, and estimates of the proportion of lung cancer cases attributable to smoking. For white New Mexicans, the incidence of lung cancer increased with age and was markedly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. From 25 through 84 yr of age, the cumulative incidence of lung cancer was 0.9% in nonsmoking males and 0.5% in nonsmoking females. The cumulative incidence rates were much higher for smokers; for males who smoked 20 or more cigarettes daily from age 25, the cumulative risk of lung cancer through age 84 was 31.7%. For females with the same cigarette smoking history, the estimate of cumulative incidence through age 84 years was 15.3%. The population-attributable risks for lung cancer associated with cigarette smoking were 89.5% for males and 85.5% for females. PMID- 3264123 TI - Interleukin-1-beta gene expression in human monocytes and alveolar macrophages from normal subjects and patients with sarcoidosis. AB - To assess the ability of human alveolar macrophages to produce interleukin-1-beta (IL1-beta), we examined IL1-beta mRNA accumulation in autologous monocytes and alveolar macrophages from normal volunteers. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide stimulation of monocytes induced rapid IL1-beta mRNA accumulation, reaching a maximum at 2 to 4 h and declining thereafter. Alveolar macrophages, however, accumulated much less mRNA than did monocytes. This difference could not be explained by differences in kinetics of IL1-beta gene expression between the 2 cell types, isolation techniques, or alveolar macrophage lidocaine exposure. This suggests that differences in transcription of the IL1-beta gene exist between these 2 cell types. Aging is a possible factor important in some functional differences between these 2 cell types. To determine if this difference in the capacity to express the IL1-beta gene might be a function of cell maturity, monocytes were aged in vitro for 7 days. After this culture period, monocytes had a marked decrease in the ability to accumulate IL1-beta mRNA, suggesting that cell aging may be one mechanism involved in producing these transcriptional differences. Because IL1-beta has also been implicated in the inflammatory and fibrotic responses in pulmonary sarcoidosis, 4 patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis underwent bronchoalveolar lavage, and IL1-beta mRNA accumulation was compared in their alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes. Comparing normal alveolar macrophages to those from patients with sarcoidosis showed no differences in the kinetics of IL1-beta mRNA expression or in the LPS-induced levels of IL1-beta mRNA accumulation. In addition, augmented levels of IL1-beta transcript were not noted in unstimulated sarcoid alveolar macrophages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3264124 TI - Clinical features and history of the destructive lung disease associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency of adults with pulmonary symptoms. AB - Alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency is a hereditary disorder characterized in adults by a high risk for the development of severe destructive lung disease at an early age. The present study was designed to draw conclusions concerning the characteristics of a referral population of 124 patients with alpha 1AT deficiency and symptomatic emphysema. Typically, the alpha 1AT level was 30 mg/dl, and the alpha 1AT phenotype was almost always PiZZ. The individuals in this population were most often male, caucasian, and ex-smokers, and they had become dyspneic between 25 and 40 yr of age. Most routine blood tests were normal. The chest radiographs and ventilation-perfusion studies typically showed abnormalities with a lower zone distribution, and about one third of the study population had evidence suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. Lung function tests were typical for emphysema; the FEV1 and DLCO were the parameters most dramatically reduced, and the annual rate of decline of those parameters was greater than that of the general population. The cumulative probability of survival of this population indicated a significantly shortened lifespan with a mean survival of 16% at 60 yr of age compared with 85% for normal persons. PMID- 3264126 TI - Pulmonary vascular permeability during the adult respiratory distress syndrome: a positron emission tomographic study. AB - The natural history of change in pulmonary vascular permeability (PVP) during the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated PVP by measuring the pulmonary transcapillary escape rate (PTCER) for transferrin with positron emission tomography (PET) in 15 ARDS patients, including 5 patients studied within 4 days of onset and 13 patients studied at least 7 days after onset. In 3 patients, studies were performed at both early and late stages. These results were compared to 12 non-smoking adult volunteers. Regional PTCER and extravascular lung density (EVD) were determined from a 1-h PET scan after intravenous injection of gallium-68 citrate, which binds rapidly to native transferrin. Oxygenation, radiologic score, as well as outcome were recorded for each patient. Mean PTCER was highest during the early phase of ARDS (560 +/- 275 x 10(-4) min-1) although PTCER in the late ARDS patients was also significantly higher than in normals (319 +/- 187 vs 58 +/- 33 x 10(-4) min-1; p less than .01). EVD was similar in both early and late ARDS groups (.39 +/- .08 and .37 +/- .13 g/ml lung, respectively) and markedly higher than in normals (.22 +/- .05 g/ml lung, p less than 0.01). PTCER decreased in each of the 3 serial studies. The correlation between PTCER and EVD was poor, as were correlations for either PTCER or EVD versus changes in oxygenation, radiologic score, survival, or duration of ventilator dependency. In the late ARDS patients, PTCER was usually elevated even if EVD had returned to normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3264125 TI - Accentuated formation of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex in patient plasma precedes development of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Extensive studies have been conducted to determine the pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by investigating the role of complement, a mediator of inflammation. Complement activation products have been detected in blood samples from patients during ARDS. However, the individual complement components that have been assessed only indicated generalized inflammation, and none could unequivocally discriminate the onset of this acute inflammatory lung injury. In this two-year prospective study of 87 septic patients, 22 of whom developed ARDS (25%), we determined complement activation by quantifying the terminal complement complex (TCC), C5b-9. The TCC is a stable complement by product formed following activation of either the classical or alternative pathways. Our results show that plasma TCC concentrations increased an average of 110% (p = 0.002) two days prior to the onset of ARDS and also transiently increased an average of 45% (p = 0.01) immediately preceding its resolution. Furthermore, plasma TCC concentrations were a more sensitive measure of this acute inflammatory lung injury than levels of C3a desarginine, C4a desarginine, C5a desarginine, and total hemolytic complement activity. We conclude that a temporal association exists between accentuated formation of plasma TCC and the development and also resolution of septic ARDS. Therefore, we suggest that researchers include plasma TCC concentrations in clinical studies when they could use a potential early indicator for ARDS. PMID- 3264127 TI - Vaccinia colon oncolysate immunotherapy for murine hepatic metastases can be modulated with low-dose interleukin-2. Third place winner: Conrad Jobst Award. AB - A murine colon cancer hepatic metastases model was developed via intrasplenic injection of C-C36 tumor cells in syngeneic Balb/c mice to determine the potential efficacy of vaccinia colon oncolysate (VCO) immunoprophylaxis and therapy with and without low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunomodulation. Mice were injected with 40 micrograms VCO subcutaneously, either prophylactically or therapeutically. IL-2 (Hoffman-La Roche, Nutley, NJ) was administered at a dose of 25,000 units intraperitoneally twice daily for three consecutive days, prophylactically, therapeutically immediately after tumor challenge (early), or 9 days after tumor challenge (late). Mice were followed for 50 days after tumor challenge, and mortalities were recorded. Mice receiving VCO alone did not demonstrate better survival than controls. However, mice receiving VCO with IL-2 immunomodulation demonstrated consistently better survival than mice treated with IL-2 alone or controls. The group receiving VCO therapy with late IL-2 modulation (75% survival demonstrated improved survival over controls (0% survival, P less than 0.00001), VCO-treated mice (0% survival, P less than 0.005), and IL-2 treated mice (29% survival, P = 0.07). In vitro assays revealed enhanced NK activity and suggested cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) induction as possible mechanisms responsible for these biologic effects. Combined VCO and IL-2 immunotherapy may be of potential benefit to patients with metastatic colon cancer, but further research is required to optimize treatment regimens. PMID- 3264128 TI - The hemodynamic effects of treatment with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the hemodynamic alterations occurring during therapy with the maximally tolerated doses of interleukin-2 and lymphokine activated killer cells. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Referal-based inpatient oncology service at a university medical center. PATIENTS: A sequential sample of 13 patients with metastatic colon carcinoma, malignant melanoma, or hypernephroma who were receiving treatment with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells in the maximally tolerated doses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pretreatment variables of mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac index were compared with the same variables measured either immediately before the eighth dose of interleukin-2 or immediately before the initiation of pressor support with dopamine hydrochloride. When these values were compared with the pretreatment values, patients showed a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (92 mm Hg compared with 75 mm Hg; P less than 0.0001), and systemic vascular resistance (15.1 compared with 8.5 mm Hg/L . min; P less than 0.0001), but an increase in heart rate (73 compared with 110 beats/min; P less than 0.0001) and cardiac index (3.1 compared with 4.7 L/min . m2 body surface area; P less than 0.0001). No significant change was noted in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Low systemic vascular resistance persisted throughout interleukin-2 therapy. Although blood pressure normalized in 24 hours, the systemic vascular resistance remained below baseline levels 6 days after interluekin therapy had been stopped. INTERVENTIONS: Blood pressure was successfully supported at greater than 90 mm Hg with dopamine hydrochloride or phenylephrine hydrochloride, or both. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy with high doses of interleukin-2 induces hemodynamic changes consistent with a high output and low-resistance state similar to changes noted during the early phase of septic shock. PMID- 3264129 TI - Beta-lactam resistance in Aeromonas spp. caused by inducible beta-lactamases active against penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. AB - Use of cefoperazone in a patient with Aeromonas caviae in the respiratory tract selected a mutant that constitutively produced beta-lactamase. This mutant, in contrast to its parental strain with an inducible beta-lactamase, showed enhanced resistance to newer cephalosporins and aztreonam. This observation suggested that species of Aeromonas, like those of other genera with inducible beta-lactamases, may pose therapeutic problems associated with the rapid development of multiple beta-lactam resistance. Thus, a study was designed to identify the beta lactamases in 12 strains representing four species of Aeromonas and assess their role in drug resistance. Eleven strains possessed inducible beta-lactamases. One strain showed no detectable activity. An analysis of substrate and inhibitor profiles, isoelectric points, and beta-lactam susceptibility patterns revealed the presence of at least four distinguishable inducible beta-lactamases. These enzymes were involved in the resistance of strains within the genus to penicillins, cephalosporins, aztreonam, and imipenem but not cefoxitin. Unlike most other organisms with inducible beta-lactamases, all four strains of A. caviae, one of four strains of A. sobria, and one of three strains of A. hydrophila possessed two distinct inducible beta-lactamases. Furthermore, substrate and inhibitor profiles revealed that many of these Aeromonas beta lactamases were distinct from inducible enzymes that have been characterized in other genera of gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 3264130 TI - Effects of antimicrobial agents on growth and chemotaxis of Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - The motility of viable Trichomonas vaginalis organisms is readily demonstrable in a clinical wet mount or cultured specimens. We attempted to determine whether migration is a dynamic process such that the organisms move to avoid exposure to toxic antimicrobial agents. With the use of axenic cultures of T. vaginalis that were radiolabeled and assayed for chemotaxis in plastic multiwelled plates with a membrane filter inserted to trap organisms, the response of clinical isolates to various antimicrobial agents was studied. Chemotaxis was readily demonstrable and dependent upon factors including time of incubation, media used, and viscosity of media. Nitroimidazoles (e.g., metronidazole) which readily inhibited the growth of these organisms also caused significant chemorepulsion after minutes of exposure. The antifungal imidazoles ketoconazole and miconazole inhibited growth nearly as readily and caused chemorepulsion, but to a lesser degree. The spermicide Nonoxynol-9 also inhibited growth and caused significant chemorepulsion. The minimal concentrations of many compounds which inhibited growth were very similar to those which caused significant chemorepulsion. Imidazole and antibiotics (e.g., penicillin) which did not inhibit growth did not induce any chemotactic effects. Chemotaxis of T. vaginalis is an active and dynamic process, and the organisms display chemorepulsion shortly after exposure to toxic antimicrobial agents, well before toxicity can be demonstrated. PMID- 3264131 TI - New sensitive bioassay for sulbactam in bovine tissues. AB - A quantitative cylinder plate bioassay for sulbactam has been developed which can detect concentrations as low as 0.01 microgram/g in bovine muscle, fat, kidney, and liver tissues. This procedure may also be applicable to human tissues and fluids. In addition to the improved sensitivity, this method differs from all previously described systems because it is based on inhibition by sulbactam of a cell-free beta-lactamase incorporated in the assay agar. The assay is unaffected by the presence of ampicillin even at concentrations 10 times that of the sulbactam concentration. This report describes the analytical technique as well as the accuracy and precision of the method. The assay can be applied to tissue depletion studies. PMID- 3264132 TI - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of ME1207, a new oral cephalosporin. AB - ME1207 (pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ME1206) is a new oral cephalosporin. ME1206 is (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)- acetamido]-3-[(Z)-2-(4 methylthiazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-cephem-4-carboxy lic acid. The susceptibilities of about 1,600 clinical isolates to ME1206 were determined by the agar dilution method. ME1206 showed a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. ME1206 was more active than cefaclor, T-2525, and cefixime against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Against gram negative bacteria, the activity of ME1206 was comparable with that of T-2525, but ME1206 was less active than cefixime. Against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ME1206 had high activity (MIC, less than or equal to 0.05 microgram/ml). ME1206 was stable against various beta lactamases, except beta-lactamases from Providencia rettgeri, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Escherichia coli W3630 (Rms213). The 50% effective doses of ME1207 after oral administration against systemic infections in mice were comparable with those of T-2588 against gram-negative bacteria and about one-fourth that of T-2588 against Staphylococcus aureus Smith. PMID- 3264133 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibilities of southern African isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - We determined the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 122 recent clinical isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi to 24 antimicrobial agents. All isolates produced beta lactamase and were resistant to penicillins. The majority of strains were also resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline, and sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were susceptible to macrolides, quinolones, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, spectinomycin, rifampin, and amoxycillin-clavulanate. Reduced susceptibility to minocycline, co-trimoxazole, and kanamycin was noted. Chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol resistance was noted for the first time among southern African strains. PMID- 3264134 TI - Aromatase and nonaromatizing 10-demethylase activity of adrenal cortex mitochondrial P-450(11)beta. AB - 19-Oxoandrostenedione, the product of 19-hydroxyandrostenedione by the 19-oxidase activity of the purified P-450(11)beta system of adrenal cortex mitochondria, was further oxidized and demethylated at the 10-position to give the C18-steroids, estrone (aromatase reaction) and 19-norandrostenedione (nonaromatizing 10 demethylase or C10-19 lyase reaction). These reactions, together with the initial hydroxylation of androstenedione at C19, form a sequence of P-450(11)beta catalyzed C19-steroid 19-monooxygenase reactions. P-450(11)beta is thus similar to placental endoplasmic P-450AROM in some of its substrate specificity, but the two forms of P-450 appear to be different in both physiology and properties. PMID- 3264135 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography in seizure disorders. AB - Fourteen children with various seizure disorders were studied using a cerebral blood flow tracer, 123I iodoamphetamine (0.05 mCi/kg), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In the five patients with radiological lesions, SPECT showed congruent or more extensive abnormalities. Five of the nine children with a normal scan on computed tomography had abnormal SPECT studies consisting of focal hypoperfusion, diffuse hemispheric hypoperfusion, multifocal and bilateral hypoperfusion, or focal hyperperfusion. A focal lesion seen on SPECT has been found in children with tonic-clonic seizures suggesting secondarily generalised seizures. Moreover the pattern seen on SPECT seemed to be related to the clinical status. An extensive impairment found on SPECT was associated with a poor evolution in terms of intellectual performance and seizure frequency. Conversely all children with a normal result on SPECT had less than two seizures per year and normal neurological and intellectual development. PMID- 3264136 TI - Traffic noise and cardiovascular risk. The Caerphilly study, first phase. Outdoor noise levels and risk factors. AB - As part of the Caerphilly study, traffic noise exposure and risk for ischemic heart disease (IHD) were studied in a sample of 2,512 men aged 45-59 yr. The traffic noise emission level ranged between Leq = 51-70 dB(A) (6-22 hr, 10 min). No association was found between traffic noise and prevalence of IHD. Associations were found between noise and potential IHD risk factors including systolic blood pressure, oestradiol, total cholesterol, plasma viscosity, antithrombin III (increases), cortisol, and platelet count (decrease). Not all results supported the hypothesis that traffic noise increases the risk for IHD. The possibility of confounding cannot be excluded, although an extensive range of potential confounding variables were included in the analysis. PMID- 3264137 TI - Chromosome 14 markers in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Phenotype frequencies for variants of the chromosome 14 markers, alpha 1 antitrypsin (protease inhibitor--Pi), and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene allotypes (Gm and Am) were examined in affected and unaffected members of multicase rheumatoid arthritis (RA) families and compared with published population data. Significantly higher frequencies of phenotypes containing Pi*Z and Pi*S were observed in unrelated index RA cases compared with UK population data. There was also a higher frequency of Pi*Z in family members without RA than in population controls but no such difference for the frequency of Pi*S. No difference in the frequency of PiM1M2 heterozygotes was seen between patients with RA and population controls. An examination of clinical data failed to show any relation between any particular feature of RA and positivity for Pi*Z or Pi*S. No significant differences in frequency of Gm phenotypes were observed between patients with RA and controls. Significant association was found, however, between Pi*Z and Gm phenotypes containing Gm(zax;g). These associations are interpreted as indicating linkage disequilibria between these alleles. No interactions between DR4 and either G1m(z), (a), or (x) allotypes were apparent in patients with RA. A significant association was seen in the index RA cases between DR4 and Pi phenotypes carrying Z or S alleles. Observations from this study provide evidence for the existence of a genetic component for RA susceptibility encoded on chromosome 14. An interactive effect of these genes with DR4 towards susceptibility appears likely. PMID- 3264139 TI - Menetrier's disease. A trivalent gastropathy. AB - Current conceptions of Menetrier's disease only obliquely resemble those originally described. Bona-fide cases are so uncommon that, of 125 cases diagnosed as Menetier's disease, hypertrophic gastritis, or protein-losing gastropathy treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital during the 26-year period of 1962-1987, only six cases merited an unequivocal anatomic diagnosis. Two other cases previously described proved on review to be nondiagnostic in one instance and Campylobacter pylori gastritis in the other. Because abnormalities in the secretion of gastric acid and in the loss of protein from the stomach may coexist, a representation of each case in semiquantitative terms can be described on triaxial coordinates. Three patients had a hypercoagulable state, one in association with gastric carcinoma. One other case of gastric carcinoma and one of esophageal carcinoma coexistant with Menetrier's disease were identified. Administration of subcutaneous heparin during the perioperative period to patients with Menetrier's disease is appropriate regardless of whether or not hypercoagulation or carcinoma is manifest. If treatment with anticholinergic drugs and inhibitors of gastric acid secretion fails, total gastrectomy is the best solution, because it stops protein loss, eliminates hyperchlorhydria, prevents development of gastric carcinoma, and permits anastomotic reconstruction between normal esophagus and normal small bowel. PMID- 3264138 TI - Effects of murine recombinant interleukin 1 on intact homologous articular cartilage: a quantitative and autoradiographic study. AB - Murine recombinant interleukin 1 (IL1) was tested for its ability to affect intact murine articular cartilage. IL1 caused enhanced proteoglycan degradation and severe inhibition of chondrocyte synthetic function at a concentration of 3 U/ml (100 pg/ml). Inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis appeared to be delayed in onset but occurred consistently after 24 hours. Pulse chase experiments made it clear that proteoglycan degradation and inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis are two distinct actions of IL1. No indications were obtained for selective degradation of either newly synthesised or processed proteoglycan. Moreover, chondrocyte synthetic activity appeared to be inhibited uniformly throughout the cartilage matrix, i.e., no evidence was found for selective suppression of cells in certain regions. IL1 uptake measurement in the cartilage, using [125I]IL1, yielded a partition coefficient far below 1, and autoradiography demonstrated a faint but even distribution within the cartilage matrix. The coordinated induction of enhanced breakdown of proteoglycan and inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis, with such low concentrations of IL1 reaching the chondrocytes, underlines the impressive destructive potential of IL1. PMID- 3264140 TI - Acceleration of tensile strength of incisions treated with EGF and TGF-beta. AB - The ability of surgeons to accelerate wound healing through pharmacologic intervention is limited. The effects of locally applied, biosynthetic human epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on tensile strength of experimental incisions were investigated. A single dose of EGF in saline failed to increase tensile strength over controls. Thus, EGF was incorporated into multilamellar liposomes, which prolonged the exposure of incisions to EGF (p less than 0.001). A single dose of EGF in multilamellar liposomes produced a 200% increase in wound tensile strength over controls between 7 and 14 days (p less than 0.05). Light and electron microscopy of the wounds revealed increased collagen formation and fibroblast proliferation. A single dose of TGB-beta in a collagen vehicle stimulated a 51% increase in wound tensile strength at 9 days (p less than 0.01). We conclude that addition of EGF and TGF-beta in appropriate vehicles stimulates early transient increases in wound tensile strength in normal rats.